PA 3875 N8 1898 MAIN UC-NRLF '|j__B_^ 033 sn THE RARIES LOUDS OF ARISTOPHANES ^ W, '* W % jt ^ . ■ \ n »: »■ I- :l| . rtPif THE CLOUDS OF ARISTOPHANES aioutiou: C. J. CLAY and SONS, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE, AVE MARIA LANE. ffilasgoto: 263, ARGYLE STREET. ILeipjio: F. A. BROCKHAUS. i^fto ?iorf{: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. aSombBs: E. SEYMOUR HALE litt ipuss ^txm, THE CLOUDS OF ARISTOPHANES EDITED PVITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES BY C. E. GRAVES, M.A. FELLOW AND LECTURER OF ST JOHN's COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE Of THf UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE : AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 1898 \All Rights reserved.'] MAY 29 19; GIFT (irambdl)gc: PRINTED BY J. & C. F. CLAY, AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. PREFACE THIS edition of the Clouds follows the lines of my edition of the Wasps (Pitt Press, 1894); but, in accordance with the wish of the publishers, the notes are shorter, and there are fewer passages cited in illustration. In striving to be brief I hope I shall not be found obscure. For the notes I am largely indebted to the labours of Dr Blaydes, and the editions of Teuffel (Kaehler, 1887) and Green are referred to throughout. I have also to thank Mr Green for valuable suggestions which he has lately sent me. Rutherford's Neiv Phryniclms I have found of the greatest use ; it is essential to every student of Aristophanes. The grammatical references are mainly to the last edition of Goodwin's Greek Moods and Tenses. St John's College, Cambridge. Septcnibe}'^ 1898. G. C ^ a 218149 CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ........ vii The Clouds of Aristophanes . . . . i Notes on the Arguments 71 Notes 73 Index I 167 II 168 INTRODUCTION The Comedy of the Clouds was exhibited at the Great or City Uionysia in the year 423. The year before Aristophanes had brought out the Knights, assaihng Cleon, the popular patriot and hero, at the height of his power and success, with equal audacity, wit and virulence. The play was a splendid triumph ; but it naturally brought some trouble and danger to the poet. Cleon, it is plain, struck back and struck hard ; probably by impeaching his antagonist as an alien, as we gather from sundry hints in the Wasps. A compromise of some sort seems to have been made; Aristophanes held his hand from Cleon, and he produced his next plays in another name. It was better too to hold aloof from public men and public matters, and not to meddle too directly with the burning questions of the day. There was a safer subject to hand, tempting to any satirist, and thoroughly congenial to Aristophanes. There was a dragon with poisonous breath, calling for his sharpest spear. The new learning, he felt, was corrupting and killing the moral and social life of Athens. The latter part of the fifth century was a time of scepticism and free thought. Old beliefs in matters of religion, old principles of government, old canons of morality and conduct, were no longer to be accepted without question. They were arraigned at the bar of intellectual and logical inquiry, and called on to answer for themselves. viii INTRODUCTION All this Aristophanes hated. ' It is against this growing tone,' says Dr Merry, 'that Aristophanes, as an uncompromising conservative, fights with desperate energy. It seemed to him at once impious and immoral ; and, above all, it represented a deep disloyalty to that glorious Athenian past, in the fore- ground of which he seemed to see the men who had fought at Marathon as the only true type of national virtue.' Consequently he regarded:! with deep dislike and suspicion the professors, the Sophists or 'teachers of wisdom,' mostly foreigners, who descended on Athens and reaped a harvest from the instruction of wealthy or ambitious young men. They undertook to fit their pupils for the duties of practical and public life; to train their minds indeed with scientific theories and enlarge their mental horizon ; but above all to impart the faculty of convincing argument and persuasive speech. This is not the place to enter on a discussion of the Sophists and their teaching. Enough to say that to a prejudiced and hostile eye they might easily seem to teach a system of juggling with words, of using logic to confound right and wrong, and of questioning every accepted truth in morals and religion. The old citizen's conception of a Sophist was like the typical British sailor's notion of a lawyer. Thus Aristophanes hated and feared the new teachers, and attacked them with the full conviction of righteous wrath. Strange indeed it seems to us that he should have taken Socrates as their representative, and grossly unfair; for Socrates as we know him was the very opposite of the quibbling and equivocating pedant. He was a diligent searcher after truth at any cost; a man of hardy out- door life, at home in every company, grudging his teaching to none, and utterly indifierent to gain. Still he was known as a daring inquirer, a perpetual questioner and arguer, a friend of Euripides and other dangerous men. There was too, as Mr Green shows in his Introduction, an element of actual enmity and dislike. Socrates was not merely taken as representing a school; the attack on him was personal, and felt to be so. Years afterwards, in his defence on his trial, Socrates declared that his most dangerous enemies were not those who actually INTRODUCTION ix accused him in court, but those who had learned from Aris- tophanes to regard him as an idle speculator on things above and beneath the earth, and a perverter of right and wrong. The Clouds proved unsuccessful when placed on the stage, Cratinus winning the first prize with the nuriV//, and Ameipsias being second with the Kowof. The verdict of the judges was plainly backed by the general voice, for the poet reproaches the spectators with rejecting and misunderstanding him, both in the revised Parabasis of the Clouds, and in the Wasps which came out the following year. This failure was a surprise and a severe disappointment. Aristophanes declares that this was the best and the most carefully written of his plays ; it was indeed too subtle and refined for the bulk of the audience; vulgar farce and coarse personalities were what they hked, and they had no taste for higher art. Making every allowance for the self- laudation which is habitual with Aristophanes, it is clear that he aimed high in the Clouds, and believed himself to have achieved a work admirable in its purpose and conception, and dignified and charming in its style. The Greek argument pronounces the play to be rliiv iraw Si7j/nTfa)s- 7r€TToi,r)ij.fv(ov, 'a most able writing'; and critics generally have echoed the judgment. It has always been the favourite of the student and the scholar. It is certainly unsurpassed for delicate touches of wit and irony, and the earlier songs of the chorus are of exquisite beauty. The opening scene is excellent, apixobiiora Kai de^Korara avyKeifxevos, as the old commentator says. There is not much likelihood in the tradition that the failure of the Clouds was brought about by the friends of Socrates. It is more probable that the bulk of the spectators did not care about philosophy, however amusingly travestied. And on the whole I suspect -that it was not a good acting play. For one thing the subject was too 'thin.' Scraps of science and snippets of grammar could not be invested with an interest which would carry away an audience, and the lessons which Socrates gives his pupil are dull and tedious. Again there is a deficiency in the characters. The chief personage indeed, Strepsiades, the coarse blundering burgess, has life and individualitv; but Socrates X INTR OD UCTION is a lay-figure labelled, and the other characters are lifeless dummies. In fact Aristophanes was dealing with people and things that he only knew from report and prejudice, and with which he had no sympathy. He was not at home in the school of philosophy as he was in the assembly and the law courts. So the play is too ideal for the stage, without the strong personal feeling which was looked for in comic scenes, and without the broad and sustained farce which gives 'go' to a comedy. Convinced of the merit of his work, Aristophanes determined to remodel it. Of this we have the traditional account in Argument iv. The play as we have it is the second Clouds ; to which alone belong lines 518 — 562 in the Parabasis, the con- test between the two Causes, and the final destruction of the c})povTi(rTTJpLov. It is noticeable that the additions greatly add to the violence with which Socrates is assailed. The older play burlesqued him as an idle pedant ; the later attacks him as a teacher of injustice and impiety. Probably Aristophanes did not reproduce the Clouds^ for the statement that it reappeared in 422, and failed more utterly than before, is plainly wrong. Nor was the remodelling complete, for we still have repetitions and omissions, and passages disjointed and unconnected — all which a final revision would have removed. Manuscripts referred to (from Blaydes). A. Par. Nation. 2712. S. Ven. Marc. 475. C. Par. Nation. 2717. T. Ven. Marc. 472. G. Par. Nation. 2827. U. Ven. Marc. 473. R. Ravennas. V. Ven. Marc. 474. API2T04)AN0Y2 NE0EAAI TA TOT APAMATOX nPOXnUA 2tpemaah:S y? amynia:^ mapty:^ XAIPE^nN The parts were thus assigned, according to Teuffel: Protagonist, Strepsiades and Just Cause. 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TreirXeKTat' Trapairi- 7r\€KT€v V, 14. rd , , oXoax^povs' a . . . dXoiTx^pv vulg. eOMA TOY MAri2TP0Y "Avvtos Kat MeAv^Tos SwKpdrct raJ %o)(f>povLcrKov /3aaKyjvavTe<; Kal avTov jxr] BvvdfxevoL /8Adi/^at dpyvpiov tKavdv ^ApL(TTOet8t7r7rtSr;9 fxkv ouv, ttoXXo. Ser/^ci/TOS TOV Trarpos, Trpoa-eXOciv ovk lirucrdri' d7roTv;((uv Se 6 lo Trpecr/SvTrjq Trj<; kir cK€tVov cXttiSo? kol ovk c^cov oo"Tts xat yivr)TaL, ch Sevrepov eiSc ttXovj/. ovSkv yap rrj^ yXiKia^ povTL(Tai/ Sc vTrrjperovvra rfj voiyact tov vovv, dXXa Totovros (ov 019 ifxdvOavev, otos Kat Trpiv t^s TratScias icfi-^€LS Katvot ivofxi^e 8at/xdi/ia, 'Acpa Kat Nc^cXas Kat to, TOtavTa. VI Tlpc(T/3vTY]<; Tts '^Tpcif/LaSrjs VTTo 8av€tW KaTarrovov/xevos 8ia T^v tTTTTOTpo^iai/ TOV 7rat86s 8etTat tovtov OLT'>](ravTa €ts tov %oiKpdrr)v jxaOeiv tov dSiKov Xoyov, ottws {xrjSevl Tuiv SaveiaToiv jxrjBkv d7roS(ao-Y]. fxrj /SovKo/xivov 8c tov 7rat8os flcripx^TaL avTos. Kttt /x'^ 8wd/xcvos fxaOeti/ 8ta to yrjpa^o-as 8ia Tr/v tov TraiSos 10 6 VnOOECEIC da-e^eiav aireXOoiV KaraKaUi to (fipovTKrnjpiov, vo/xtVa? %oiKpdry]v OLTLOv Trj€VTo<; Tovs crvvrjOiLeTai Se Ncc^eXai, Stort Trap eicray era t 15 \opddvr]^ KaTr]yop€L. 6 yap "Avvtos kol MeXr^ros ^^ovovktcs ^WKparet Kat p,^ Sui^ayaei/ot aA.Acos (iXd\pai rj (fiav£p<2<; Karrjyop^- orat /xcyaXov ovros iKavov dpyvptov SeSwKao-ii' 'A^LcrTocf>di'€L TOVT-qv rrjv KW/xwSiar Kar' Ikzlvov ypdij/at. ra Se TrpoVwTra 20 "^Tpeif/LdBrj^s, ct8i7r7riS'>y?, fxaOrjrr]'; ^Sw/cparov?, %oiKpdrri^, \opov 2. oaow dwipavTov A etc. Mein. Green Blaydes. oaov direpavrov R Dind. al. 3. dir^pavTov AR al. direpaTOv V. 7. KoKdd ^^eart GU al. Diiul. ■\Iein. Blaydes. /coXaVat ^^eari RV al. KoKdffai '^eANOYS tTTTraferat re /cat ^vvoypLKeverai 15 ovetpoTToXel 6' L7r7rov<;' iyoi 5' diroWv/jLai opMv dyouaav rrjv aeXijvrjv elicdha^* oi fydp TOKOi ')(^(opovaiv. dirre, iral, Xv-^vov, KdK(j)€p6 TO ypa/jL/jLarelov, Iv dvayvo) Xa/ScDV 07ro(70t9 6ei\(i) ; hooheKa pLvd<; Ylaaia. Tov BcoSeKa p.vd'^ Yiaala; ri i^pi](TdfjL7)p ; or iirpLdfjLTjv tov KOTnraTiav. oXpoL Td\a<^, eW i^efcoTTTjv irporepov tov 6(f>6a\/jLov \i6(p. E. ^iXwVy dBiK6l<;' eXavve tov aavTov hpofiov. 25 lET. TOVT ecTTL tovtI TO KttKov, 6 /i diToXcoXeKev' oveipoTToXel yap Kal KaOevBcov iTTirtKriv. <1>E. TToaov^i Spofiov^ i\a tcl iroXepLiaTripia; ST. ip,e fjbev av 7roWov<; tov iraTep i\avv6L<; Bp6/JL0V<;. drdp TL xpeo<; e/Sa fie pLerd tov Tiaaiav; 30 Tpel^ pLval Bicjipla-Kov Kal Tpo^olv ^Ap^vvla. E. diraye tov Ilttttov e^aX'iaa^; oiKaSe. XT. dW\ CO yu-eX', €^7]\tKa^ ep,e y gk tmv ificjv, 6t€ Kal BtKa^ (i)(f)XT]Ka, ^(aTepoL tokov eve')(ypdaea6aL ^aaiv. OE. ireov, 00 Trdrep, 35 TV BvaKo\alveL<; Kal aTpe(f>ei t^]v vv')(& oXtjv ; St. BaKvec p.6 Tfc? B7]/xap)(^oE. eaaov, w Bat/jLovie, KaraBapOecv tL pue. XT. ai) B' ovv KaOevBe' tcl Be %/3ea TavT XaO' on es" TTjv K€(j)a\r}v diravTa ttjv arjv Tpi^jreTaL. 40 24. i^€Kbirr]v libri Ko. Gr. €^€k6ttj Kust. Herm. Mein. al. ■28. A^ libri vulg. eXas Herm. prob. Mein. 35' ifexvpaaeadai U Mein. al. evexvpdcraadai RV cet. Herm. 39. av 5' ovu R al. av fxeu o^'v V. 40. Tp^yperai vulg. crTpi\peTai V. (TTpt:\}/ai R. NEcJ>EAAI 9 ao-Lv 6AN0YS "BavOiTTTTOv rj ^alpnnrov rj KaWcTnrLSrjv, iyo) Se TO rod Trdinrov \ide/jbr]v ^etScovlSiji'. 65 Teft)9 fiev ovv eKpLvofjueO^' elra tw XP^^^P Koivfj ^vve^7jfjL6V KaOefxeda ^6Lht7r7rl8r]v. rovrov top vlov Xafi^dvova eKopl^ero, orav av fieya'^ wv apfx iXavvr)<; tt/jo? ttoXiv, axTirep M€yaK\67]<;, ^varlB^ ^X^^- ^V^ ^' €(f>7]v, orav jxev ovv la^ alE. ri ovv TriOcj/jiat Sijrd aot; 64. XaipiTTTOv V Bergk Blaydes Gr. Xdpnrirou AG al. Dind. al. XaXlTTTTOJ' R. 65. TO TOV TrdTTTTOU Cobct. TOV TTaTTTTOU Vulg. 74. 'linrepov vulg. Heim, Ko. Teuf. Blaydes. 'i-mrepoiv Dind. Mein. 75. bbov, fjiiau A al. Ilerm. Mein. Ko. Teuf. (ppopTi^ojv, 65oD G Reis. Dind, Green. 87. TTidov AUV al. -rriOov jxot RS al. tI o7ii> iriOw/xai Bodl. 6. NEEAAI II %T. e/carpeylrov co? Td-^^^icTTa rou? aavTov Tpoirov^y Koi fidvOav ekOcbv dv iyco irapaLviaco. 4>E. \6y€ Bt], tl K6\ev6L^ ; ST. Kai re ireiaet; ^E. Treia-ofjbaL 90 vrj Tov Aiovvaov. ST. Sevpo vvv dirofiXeire. 6paE. opw. Tt ovv TOUT iarlv ireov, co irdrep; -L^i St. yp'V'^oov aoE. elalv he TLve^; ; ST. ovk otS' dKpLl3oo<; Tovvofia' /mepLfjLPOfppovTCO'Tal koXol tc /cdyadoL 10 1 OE. al^ol TTovrjpol y, olBa. tov^ dXa^ova^, TOi)? (o')(^pi,oovTa^, Toi)? dvv7ro87]TovE. OVK dv fjid TOV Atovvaov, el BoLrj'i ye (jLol TOvacrlv d/jLB. tl odv TriOijfjLai; Dawes, Herni. Dind. Blaydes. w Tra?, widod fxoi. 4>E. ri oe Tridw/mai; C. F. Herm. Bergk Kock. 90. KaL Tl vulg. KttTa Elmsl. Cobet. Kai av F. W. Sclimidt. 104. deest in R et revera erablema sapit. 12 APIITOANOYZ TOV KpeiTTOV, 6(TTl<; i(Tr[, KOl TOV r)TTOVa. TovroLv rov erepov rolv \6yotv, rov rjrrova, VLKCLV XeyoPTci (pacrt TaScKcorepa. 115 i]v ovv fjuddrj^; /jlov tov cIElkov tovtov \6yov, a vvv 6(f)€iX(o Bca ae, tovtcov tcov y^pewv ovK av aTroBoLTjv ovB' av o/SoXov ovhevi E. OVK av iridoipLTjv' ov yap av rXaCrjv Ihetv TOVE. dXS! ov Treptoylreral yu.' ^eto? Me^a/cXe?;? dvLTTirov OVT. dXk" eljiL, aov 8' ov (f>povTL(o. 125 ST. aW' ouS' iycii /juivTot ireadiv ye Keiaofiai," dX)C ev^dfjL€vo6Bpa 135 direpLixepiiJLvo)^ Trjv Ovpav XeXaKTiKa^i 115. TadiKiJjTepa RV plures lil)ri. TdStAfwrara U al. ; cf. 657. 121. OVK apa vulg. ovrdpa Cobet. 125. avLTTTTOv ovt' • dW dfXL Cobet (fl/it Bodl. 7). dimrirov dX\ ei'o-etyui libri vulg. NE4>EAAI 13 KaX (fypovTiB' i^^fjL^XcoKaf; €^r]vpr]/j,evi]V. ST. (Tvyyvcodi /jlol' ttjXov yap ol/c(o rwv aypwv. dXX elire /jlol to Trpdyfjua Tov^rj/jL^Xw/jLevov. MA. aXX ov 6€/jLL<; irXriv roU ixaOrjTala-iv Xeyeiv. 140 ST. Xeye vvv i/xol Oappcov iyo) yap ovroal rjKCt) /jLaOrjTrjpovTL(TTripiov. MA. Xe^co. vofiiaai he Tavra 'x^prj /jiVcrTijpia. dvyp€T dpTi ^atp6(l)(t)VTa ^WKpClTT)^ yjrvXXav oiroaov^ oXXolto tou? avTrj^ 7r6Ba\rv')(^ei(Ti irepiei^vaav irepaiKaL TavTa^ VTToXvaa^i dve^eTpet to ')(^copLOv. ST. w Zed ^ao-CXev, Tp]p6vTt(r/jLa ; ST. ttoiov ; dvTi^oXw, KaTeiire (jlol MA. dvrjpeT avTov ^acpecfxav 6 S^^^rrto? 156 oTTOTepa Trjv yvco/jurjv e%ofc, ra? ifjuTTuSaf; Kwrd TO (TTOfju ahetv rj KaTa Tovppoirvyiov. ST. T6 BrjT €K€LVO<; 61176 TTepl T17? 6fJb7riBo<;) MA. e(paa-K6v elvai TOvvT6pov tt}^ e/xTrtSo? i6o (TTevov Bid XeiTTOv S' ovto^ avTOv ttjv ttvotjv 137' i^v^pvi^fW Mein. Hold. Blaydes. e^evprjfievrjv libri et vulg. 148. tovt' e/xeTprja-e V al. libri vulg. tovto die/xiTprja-e R. 5ie- /jLerprjo-e (sine tovto) A al. libri Teuf. Hold. Blaydes. tovto St) 'fi^Tprjae Cobet Kock Mein. 151- r/'ux"'''* Blaydes. \f/vxel.a-ri D'md. Hold, ^vydari \\\lg. ; vid. com. 157. ^xoi R al. ^x^i AG al. 14 APIITOcJjANOYI (3ia ^ahi^etv evOu TovppoTrvyiov eireira koTKov 7rp6<; arevM TrpoaKelfjuevov TOP irpwKTOv riyj^lv viro /3ia<; rov irvevfjuaro^;. XT. adXTTiy^ 6 7rpCi)KT6<; iariv dpa twv ifjbirihwv. 165 (o Tpio-pLaKapto^ rov hievTepevp.aTo<;. T) paBiO)^ (j)€vy(OV av aTrocpvyot Slktjv oaTi<; SiotSe rovvrepov t^9 ifiTrlSof;. MA. TTpcorjv Be ye yvco/irjp fMeydXrjv d(f)7jpe0i] VTT da-KaXa^coTOV. XT. rlva rpoirov ; Kdreiire jJLOL, 170 MA. ^7jT0VVT0rj<; vvKTwp yaXecorrj^; Karex^crev. XT. y^aOrjv yaXecorrj Kara^ecravrt %coKpdrov<;. MA. i'X^Oe^; Si y rjp.lv helnrvov ov/c t)v eairepa^. 175 XT. elev TL ovv 7rpo9 raXcj^tr eiraXap^tjaaTO ; MA. Kara rrj^ rpaire^ijf; KaTa7rdaa<; Xewrr/v Te(l)pav, Kdp.-\lra<; o/SeXla/cov, elra BiafirjrTjv Xaffcov, CK T579 7raXaLcrTpa6T€<; ; MA. ovTOL y ipePohi, aXV ou/c aVo T7}9 7^9, eiTTcp ; SH. 01) 7«/d ai' TTore e^rjvpov 6pdoo<; rd fierecopa Trpdy/jLara, €1 /JLT) Kp6/JLncra<; to vorj/jua koX rrjv (f)popTi8a Xe7rTr)v KaTa/jLL^a<; 69 rov o/jlolov depa. 230 €1 5' Q)v '^ap.al rdvQ) KdrcoOev eaKoirovv, ovK dv TToO^ rjvpov ov ydp dXX^ 7) yrj /3ta 215. iravv AR al. Kock Mein. Blaydes. TrdXti' V. ^^a A Herm. Teuf. ixeTatppovTL^eTe Bentl. 226. {)irep(f>poveh libri et vulg. aii Trepicppovds Blaydes. 232. rjvpoy Dind. Mein. Blaydes. evpov vulg. NE4^EAAI 17 e\K€c TT/oo? avrrjv Tr]v IfCfjidSa r?;? (ppouriBof;. iraa'^ei Be ravro tovto koI rd KapBafia. ST. Tt (/)?79; 235 rj (ppovrU €\KeL rrjv Ik/jlolB^ e? rd /cdpBafia ; X6l vvv Kardf37]6\ (o ^coKpaTlStov, w? e/ni, Xva yLte BiBd^r)ANOYI ^/xet? TTOtovfiep. 2T. elra S?) tl Kephavoo ; Sri. Xeyeiv yevrjaec rpLfifjua KporaXov iranraXri. 260 oXK! 6')^ arpeixei 2T. jxa tov At" ou y^evaet ye /xe' KarairaTTOfievo'^ yap iraLiroKr) yevyjaofiaL Sfl. evcprj/jLelv y^prj top Trpea^vTrjv koX t7J<; evxV'* iiraKoveiv. CO heo-TTOT ava^ d/i6Tpr)T arjp^ 09 e%et9 rrjv yfjv fierewpov, Xa/jL7rp6<; r alOijp, crefjuvai re Oeal v€(j)iXat ffpovTrj- cnKepavvoi, 265 dpBr)T6 (f)avT)T , (o heairoivai, rat ippovTicrrfj fie- recopoL ST. /jLrjTrci) /jLtJito) ye irplv av rovrl Trrv^co/jLai, /juy Kara^pe^^Oco. TO Be fX7]Se Kvpp]v OLKoOev iXdelv i/jue tov KaKo- Satfiov' 6')(^ovTa. Sn. eXdcTe BrJT, w ttoXvtI/jLtjtol ve(f)eXai,, rwS' eh iiriSei^LV ' ecT enr 'OXvfjLirov KopvcpaU lepah ')(^LOvo^Xr]TOLai KaOrfcrOe, 270 elV ^flKeavov 7ra.T/9o? ev k^ttoo^ lepov 'X^pov XdTaTe vv/jL(j)at<;, c'lt apa ^eiXov Trpo^oal^i vS/itcov ^p^^-^^^^ apv- TeaOe TrpoxoLcriv, 261. drpefiel Herm. al. drpefxas vulg. drpe/xl R Dind. 263. iwaKoveiv RV Dind. al. viraKoveiv AG al. 268. fx-ridk Kvvrjv Herin. Dind. al. ixrj Kvurjv libri. /ni] Kwirjv Bentl. Blaydes ; vid. com. 272. NefXou- Ne/Xoy V Mein. Blaydes. irpoxoah R vulg. Trpoxods V Dind. x/)i;(r^af5 RV al. xP'^'<^^ois aliquot libri. dpureade Herm. Dind. Blaydes. dpixade R vulg. 7rp6xoioiEAAI 19 rj ^laLooTLv Xtfivrjv €')(^eT rj aKoirekov VKpoevra MLfjLaPTO<;' vTvaKOvaare he^afxevai dvclav koL Tole\ac, I'je, dpdcofjbep (j)av6pal Bpoaepdp (l>va-iv evdyrjTOV, 7raTp6<; air coKeavov /3apva^60o<; 6p,^pL0v dOavdra^ Ihea^ eTrcSdop^eda rrfKeaKOTTcp opuparc yatav. 290 SO. w pikya aepval vecfiiXai, (pavepoj^i rjKovaare p,ov KaXiaavTO'i. rjadov (j)(i}vr]<; dp,a koI ^povrrj7]p.6L' peya ydp tl Oecav KLvelrai aprjvo^ doiBal^;. 297 274. vTTaKoijaaTe AV al. Kock Cobet Blaydes. ovwaKovaare R. ewaKovaare aliquot libri Dind. Mein. al. X'°'-P^^<^°^'- R- (pave^aat V. 289. ddavdras id^as R Dind. Mein. al. ddavdrais I8^ais plur. libri. 296. (TKwi/'et • AN0YS Antistrophe (299 — 313) XO. irapOevoL ofJLppocjyopot, eXdcofjbev Xiirapav '^Qova ITaWaSo?, evavSpov ydv 300 K-iKpoiro^i 6yjr6/jL6vai TroXv^parov ov a€l3a<; apprjTcov lepMV, Xva fXV(TT0h6lC0To5awaii tv' 7rai'To5a7ro?EAAI 21 Kal XeTTToXoyelv rjSrj ^yrel Koi irepl Kairvov (TTevoXea'X^elv, 320 Kal yvcofiiBiw yvcofirjv vv^aa erepw XoyM avn- Xoyrjaat' (opayihovv')(^apyoKO' fjL7]Ta<;, 324. wvxv o-ords Dind. Mein. al. ijffvxos (vel -ws) avras vel TJavxa rayras libri. 326. irapd' wpos nonnulli libri. oiirws Herm. Dind, al. opd libri. 329. rjSrjad' Cob. Mein. al. "jdeis vel ydr]s libri. 330. Kairvbv ' CKidv R al. 351. dlad' oTLi']- d\X iad' on Herm. Mein. al. 22 APIITO0ANOYI kvkXIcov re ')(ppojv da/xaTOKafiTTTa^;^ dvBpaf; fxe- T€Q)po(f)6vaKa<;, ovSev Bpcovra^ ^octkovct dpyov<;, on ravTa^ fJL0V(T07r0L0V(7lV, ST. ravr dp* eirolovv vjpav ve<^e\av (npeirraiyXav Bd'Cov opfidv, 335 TrXoKafiov; 6^ i/caroyKecfxiXa Tvcpdo, Trprj/iaivova-af; T€ 6v6Wa<;, cIt^ depia^i hiepd^, ya/JLyp'ov^; olcovov<; depovrj- 6[xppov<; 6' vBdrcov hpocrepdv ve(j>e\dv* elr dvr avTwv KareTTLvov Kearpdv TefjLd')(7] fjueyaXdv dyaOdv Kpea r opvi- Oeta Kt^rfKdv. Sn, hid fjiivTOL rdaK ' ov')(l ScKalo)<; ; XT. Xe^ov hrj fioL, tI iradovaai, 340 eXirep vedvTOV, ^ irpea^vTa iraXaioyevh, OrjpaTa Xoycov cjicXo/j^ovacov, Gv T€ XeiTTOTdroiv Xrjpwv lepev, (ppd^e tt/do? T^/xa? ov yap dv dXXw y vwaKovcracfjiev tmv vvv fi€- Te(opo(70cl>ccrTa)V, 360 348. Trdvd' 6 Tl' irav 6 tl Mein. Cobet. iravd' av ^ovXuvTai Dobr. 358. iraXaioyevis AR al. iraXaiyeves SV al. 24 APIIT04>ANOY5: irXrjv rj WpohiKW, tm fjLev ao(f)La^ koI dey/jiaTo; ttou* fxee\o)v vovt i^Btj Teueaaai; 370 KdLTOL'X^prju aWpia(;vecv avroVyTavra^ B' aTroBrjixelv. ST. vrj Tov 'AttoWo) tovto ye tol Brj rw vvv \6y(p ev 7rpoae(l>vcra<;. aXV oan^- 6 ^povTwv earl (f)pdaov, tovO* o fie TTOiel rerpefxaiveiv. Sn. avrai fipovrcoao Kv\LvB6p,evaL. ST. rco rpoirco, w irdvra crv rokfiodv ; 375 361. TrKriv 7)' 7r\7]v el Mcin. Kock. 366. vfxiv Dind. Hold, rffjuu vulgo. 367. \7]p7ia€LS' Xr^p-qarj^ libri. 374. Tovd' 6 F al. Herm. Teuf, Blaydes. rovTb vulgo. NE^EAAI 25 Xn. orav ifJbTfkrjcrOwa vSaro'^ ttoXXov /cdvayKacrOwat KaTaKp7)fivd/Li€vat 7r\t]pei<; ofM/Spov St dvdyKrjv elra /Sapelai 6t9 dW^\a<; i/jLTTLTTTOvo-ai py'j'yvvvTai koX wara- youcTiv. ^T. 8' dvayKu^cov earl rt? avrd'^, ov^ o Zeu?, ware ^epeaOai; 2n. rj/rttrr', aW' aWepio^ hlvo^. XT. hlvo^ ; rovrt fi eke\^]6eiv, 380 Zeu? ou/c ct)i^, aXX' ai/r' avrov Blvoi^ vvvl ^aaCkevcov. drdp ovSev irco irepl rov irardyov koI rrj^; l3povTr]\V€L TovTov jdp Bt) (^avepw)^ 6 Zev^; Xrfa iirl tov6Bpa y €L(T ilTiOpKOi' 400 dWa TOP avTOv ye vecov ^dWet Kal l^ovviov aKpov ^Adrjvecov, Kal Td<; Bpv<; rd^; fxeydXa^^ ; tl fiaOwv; ov yap Brj Bpvvaa, KdrreiO' vir dvdyKT]^ 405 pr)^a^ avTd<; e^co (f)epeTat aofiap6<; Bid tt/u ttvk- VOTTJTa, VTTO TOV poL^Bov Kal T?)? pvfMr)<; auT09 eavTov KaTaKacov. 399. SiJT V Teuf. al. ttw? A Dmd. Mein. al. ttoSs Srjr R. 401. 'Adrjviuv ' ' Adrjpaiwu vel 'Adrjvuiv libri. 402. nadiLv wadwu aliq. libri, plerique edd. NEct^EAAl 27 St. vrj AT, iyo) yovv dTe)(^i/a)/^f%^, Kal /jbrj Ka/jivet^ /jltjO' ecrw? fiyre /SaSi^cov, 415 /JL7]B6 piycou ci^det, \Lav, fJbrjh' dpiardv i7ri6vfieL? ovk drvx^creL^i, rj/jLdEAAI 29 Bid TOl)? tTTTTOL'? TOV<; KOlTlTaTia^ KOX TOV r^dfXOV vvv ovv ')(^pr}ad(jou 6 tl jBovXovrai' tovtI tov/jlov aoj/ju avrolatv 440 Trape^o) rvirreiv, iretvrjv, Siyjrrjv, av')(iJLelv, pcycoPy daKov Selpeiv, etirep ra %pea SLa(f)ev^ov/j.at, Tol<; dvdp(joirot<^ r elvat Bo^co 6pacrv<;, evy\coTTO<;, roXyu-?;/)©?, tVi;?, 445 ^Be\vp6v ^(^podTi^eTaL, KoX ao^lav eTTacTKel. (o OecofjuevoL Karepco 7r/oo9 v/jLn(; iXevOepax; rakriOrj vrj tov ^lovvaov tov eKOpeyjravTd fie. ovTO) vLKy](Tai[JLi T iycb Kal vofit^oi/jbrjv ao(p6TaT e^eiv tcov ificov KWjjbwhtwv, TrpcoTov^i 7]^iw(T dvayeva vfxd^, rj Trapiax^ /jlol 505. XaX^creis R. XaXiycrjjs V al. 523. TrpioTovi' TrpuiTTjv Mein. al. 32 APIITOct^ANOYI epyov rrrXeta-rov elr ave')(^odpovv vii dvBpoov ^OpTlKOOV 524 yTT7j6el/ie (563—574) vy^Lfxehovra jiev Oeoov Zrjva Tvpavvov e? %opoi/ TTpajra /jbiyav KLKXijaKO)' 565 Tov re /jbeyaadevrj TpLaivr)<^ rapblav, 7>7? T€ Kal dX/jLvpd<; 6aXdaarj<^ dyptov /lO'^XevT^p' Kal fjiejaXcovv/jLOv rffjuerepov irarep^ aWepa aefivorarov ^toOpe/jb/jLOva Trdvroav* 570 Tov 6^ LTrTrovco/jiav, 09 vrrep- Xd/jb7rpOL<; dKrlatv Kare^^c 7779 rrreBov fjLeya^eva6oi(Ti heiiTVOV, KairicoaLv o'lKahe Tr}EAAI 37 i %Tl. Kara SaKTvXov ; vrj top At" aXX' olB\ SH. elire ST. Tt9 ci\Xo<; dvrl tovtovI tov SaKTvXov ; irpb TOV /lev, eV ifiov 7rat8o9 6vto<;, ovtoctL Sn. a€p\ Xn. OTTO)? ; dXeKTpvwv KoXeK- Tpvcov. XT. vrj TOV UoaeiSo). vvv Be ttcG? p^e XP^ K^aXelv ; xn. dXeKTpvaivav, tov 8' eTepov dXeKTopa. 666 XT. dXeKTpvaivav ; ev ye vrj tov depa' (CdT dvTi TOVTOV TOV BiBdy/JiaTO<; fiovov BiaX(f)CT(t)aa) gov kvkXco ttjv KdpBoirov. xn. IBov /xaX' avdi^ tovO' eTepov. ttjv KdpBoirov 670 dppeva KoXel^ 6r)Xeiav ovaav. XT. tco Tpowa) dppeva KaXco 'yoo KapBoirov ; XO. fidXtaTa ye, wairep ye Kal KXecovvfiov. XT. ttoG? Bt] ; (f)pdaov xn. TavTov BvvaTai aoi KapBoiro'^ KXecovvfxw. XT. dX'X!, coydO\ ovB' yv KapBoTTO^; KXecovvfiO), 675 aXA,' ev Ovela aTpoyyvXrj 've/xaTTeTO. aTCLp TO XoLTTov TTcG? fie ')(^pr] KaXecv ; Xn. oVct)? ; Trjv KapBoTTijv, wairep KaXeLAN0YI 2T. TTjv /capSoirrjv 6r)\eLav; SIl. 6p6a)<; yap Xey€t<;. ^T. i/celvo S' 7)v av KapSoTnj, KXecouv/xT]. 680 Sll. €TL Be 76 Trepl rwv ovop^drcov ixadelv cre Bel, CLTT appev i(TTLV, arra 3' avroov OijXea. ST. dXTC olB' eycD'y a Orfke eariv. SO. elire S?J. 2T. AvatXXa ^iXivva KXecrayopa ArjfjLijTpca. Sn. dppeva Be irola rcou ovofidrcov ; ST. fivpla. 685 fI>tXofei/o9 MeXrjata^; ^AfjLvvLa<;. Sn. dXX', w TTOvripe, ravrd 7' ou/c ecrr* dppeva. 2T. oiV appev* v/Mv icmv; SO. ovBa/xoo's 7', eTrel TTco? az/ KaXeaeia^i evTV)(^v ^Afivvia; ST. oTTft)? az/; 0^8/, Bevpo Bevp*, ^Afjuvvla. 690 Sn. 6paEAAl 39 67r* dWo 7r)]8a voy/jua (j)p6v6<;' virvo*; 8' aTreaTco povhri 8' ifx^d'^' Kai TTpOC eTepov av aoL Trpo/SaXw tl Se^iop' ec aoL ypd(j)OLTO TrevTeTuXavTO'^ tl<; Slki], oTTw^i dv avTrjv d(j)avi(T€ia<; elire fioL. ST. oTTCo?; oTTft)? ; OVK olS^' dTdp ^7]T7]Teov. 760 737. TrpCoTOv i^evpeh' irpuros i^evpuv vulg. 739. OTTWS aTToSwcrw oiriijs civ dirodu) \u\g. 745. aiT^ Kal • aS crv Kal Kust. avro re 131. 748. TO tL; To8i (cont. Str.) C Dind. Bl. NE0EAAI 41 SO. fjurj vvv irepl aavrov eiWe rrjv yvcofjLtjv del, dX)C d'Tro)(^aXa rrjv ^povrlK €? tov uepa XivoBerov wairep /jltjXoXovOtjp tov ttoSo?. ST. evpr}K d(f)dvtcnv r?}? hiKT]^ aocj^cordrTjv, war avTov 6[xo\oEAAI 43 2TPEMAAHS. ^EIAinniAHS. :SnKPATHS. X0P05 I XT. ovTot, fia Trjv ^O/jll^^Xtju er evravOl ixevelE. eycoy. ST. 6pa'=; ovv to? dyaOov to fxavOdvetv; OVK ecTTtv, (o OeiSiTTTTt^T;., Zeu9. E. Tt? (^7;(7t Tavra; ST. ^(OKpaTT)^ 6 M?;Xt09 830 /cat y^aipe<^(MV, 09 oZSe ra yfrvWoov ^^X^"^' OE. en) 8' e? ToaovTov twv fiaviwv e\r)\v6a'=; iL)(jT dvSpdcTLV ireiOeL x^Xwctlu ; ST. evaTO/Jbet KoX fjLTjSev etTTT;? (pXavpov dvBpa^; Seftoi)? «al z^oOz/ e^ovTa^' wv viro ti}^ (^etScDXta? 835 direKelpaT ovhel^ ttcottot ouS' y^Xei-y^aTO, ovB' et9 /SaXavetov rjXOe Xovaofxevo^;' av he wairep Te6i^ecoTO<; KaTaXoet fxov tov jBlov. dXX' (oE. Tt S' av Trap* cKeivcov ical fidOoi, p^pTyo-roi^ tl<; av ; XT. aXrjOe^ ; oaajrep ear iv dv6poo7roL<; ao^d' 841 jvaxrei Se aavrov w? djjLa07)(; el kul Tra^i;?. aX.X* iiravdixeivov p^ 6\L ; ST. (f>^p^ iSco, av TOVTOvX Ti vop,L^€t<; ; elire /jLOL. 4>E. d\€KTpv6va. ST. /caXw? 76. TavTrjvl he ri; E. d\€KTpv6v. ST. d/jL(f)a) TavTO ; /carayeXaarof; el. p,r) vvv TO XoiTTOv, dXXd njvBe fiev KaXelv 850 dXeKTpvaivav, tovtovl 8' dXeKTOpa. E. dXeKTpvatvav ; ravr €p.aOe<; rd Se^td etao) irapeXOoiV dprt irapd toi)? yqyevel^^ ; St. yarepd ye ttoXX* ' dXX* 6 re p^dOoip^ eKaaroTe, e7reXav6av6p.r)v dv ev6v<; viro 7rXr']6ovE. hid ravra Brj koX Oolp^driov d7r(oXeaaE. Ta? 8' e'yLt^aSa? tto? TeTpo(j)a<;, aivorjre av ; St. wairep UepiKXeTjf; e? to Seoi^ aTTCoXeaa. dXX* Wl I3dhit,\ twfjLev elra tu> irarpl 860 TTiOopievo^ e^dp^apre' Kayoo rot irore, olB' e^erec aoi TpavXiaavrt iTi66p,evo<;' ov irpcoTov 6/3oXbv eXajBov rjXiaariKov, TOVTOv ^TTpidpr]v aoL AiaaLOLf; dp^a^lSa. ^E. t) purjv av TovTOL<^ rS '^povcp ttot dx^eaeu. 865 St. ev y on eTreiaOr]^. Sevpo Bevp', (v ^coKpaTe^, e^eXO^' dyco ydp aoi tov vlov tovtovl 845. irbrepoV irbTep h.v WSW. Trorepa Dind, 847. TOVTOvl tI vofx.l^€ii\ TovTov{l) TLva Whu. TOVTOV TL ovofxo.^eL'i ', Mciii. 861. TTido/xfuos' ireid. libri (exc. A). NEEAAI 45 (iKOVT dv aire I (J a';. SO. v7]7rvTL0<; yap ear ert, Kai Twv KpEfiadpayv ov rpi^wv rcov ivddSe. E. auTo? Tpi/3(ov etrj^ dv, el Kpefxaio ye. 870 ST. ovK e? K6paKaev^tv St/c?;? ^ Kkrj(TLV rj ^avvwatv dvaTreicTTrjpLav ; 875 KaiTOL raXdvTov tovt ejiadev 'T-TrepfioXo^;. ST. d/jbiXet SlBaaKe' OvfM6cro(j)6<; ecrrtv ^ucret* et6v<; ye rot iraihdpLov ov rvvvovrovl eTrXarrev evSov ciKiaf; vav^; t eyXv(f)ev, dpia^lhar)/M Slktjp. AI. ou/c eZz/at (^/J? ; AA. 7]ad7]<; AI. tPj<; cr>}9, TToXeco? 6\^rL<; ere rpe^et \VfJiatv6jjL6VOV TOt? pL6LpaKiOL<^. AA. ou;)^t hiha^ei^ tovtov Kp6vo<^ 0)v. AI. elrrep y avrov awOrjuai ^/a?; 930 Afal /at) \a\iciv fxovov dafcijcrai. A A. SeO/^' r^i, TOVTOV S' ea fiaivecrOat. AI. K.\avcF6L, Trjv X^'^P' V^ eirtlBdWrj^. XO. iravaacrde /xd^Vi '^<^<' A,otSojO('a?. aXX' eiTihei^at av re roi';? 7rpoTepov<^ 935 arr* ihihaTOv/jLevo<; ooairep vir dvOprjvwv 940. 5;; TTorepos Xe^ei Herm. Dind. al. (dr)) t'ls Xe'^ei Trporepos {v) libri. 48 APIITOct>ANOYI VTTO Twv yvcofidov airoXelrai. XO. vvv Bel^erov rco 7nEAAI 49 o'la'^ ol vvv ra? Kara ^pvviv ravras ra^ BvctkoXo- fcdfJLTTTOU^;, iirerpllSeTo TVTrrojjLevo^ TroWa? cJ? tcU M.ouara<; ou8' dveXeaOai heiirvovvr e^7]v Ke(f)aK.aiov ttj^ pa^avlSo<;, 981 01)8' dvvrjOou Toov irpea^vrepwv dpTrd^eiv ovhe aeXivov, ov8' 6y\ro(^a^elv ov8e KL'X^^i^eiv ovh' layeiv Tft> 7ro8' ivaWd^. AA. dp')(^aLd ye koL AlttoXlcoStj koX Terrl'ywv dvd- jxeaTa KOL KtJ/CeIBoV KOi BoV(j)OVL(ji)V. AI. d\7C ovv ravT iarlv eKecva, 985 e^ wv dvhpa^ Mapa6a)vofMd')(^ov(; rj/uLrj TralBevcnfi eOpeyjrev. au Be Toi)? vvv ev6v<^ iv lixarloKJi BiBdaKei^ ivT€TU\L')(^6aL irpo"^ ravT, c3 fjbetpdKiov, Oappwv efxe rov KpeiTTO) \6 Be (j^rjfiL NE0EAAI 53 Kol crax^povelv av ^7}ai '^pPjvai' Svo KaKco /jLeylaTco. 1060 eVel (TV 8ta to aaxppovelv tgS ttcottot eZSe? ?jSi7 dyaOov ti yevofjievov, (f>pdaov, Kai fx i^eXey^ov elircov. AI. TTO/VXot?. 6 yovv IlrjXev^ eXa^e Bl avro rrjv jxa^aipav. A A. fjid^aLpav ; darelov ye KepBo'i eXa^GV 6 kuko- Sat/iKov. 'Tirep/SoXo^i S' ovK tmv 'Xv')(y(i)v ifXelv rj rdXavra TToXXd 1065 etXrj^e 8ui irovrjpiav, dXX* ov fid Ala fxd- ')(jDLipaV. AI. Kal rrjv Sertv y eyy/ie Std to va€(o<; dvdy- Ka<^. 1075 7]/iapT€d7]S' KUTeXricpdr)^ lihri. KaneXTfcpdrj^ Mem. 54 APIIT04>AN0YI ^/oo3 ry (f>va€t, aKipra, <; rjrrayv epcoro^; ian koI yvvaiKwv' Kalroi av 6vr]Tov 1105 ^ovXet rov vlov, i) SiBdaKO) croi \eyeiv ; St. BiSaaKe kol Koka^e koI fjue/jivrja 0770)9 €v jjboi aT0/jLc6(Tet<; avrov, iirl fxev Oarepa olov BiKiBlot<^, rrjv S' irepav avrov yvddov o-To/jicocrov oiav 69 rd yaetfo) iTpdy\JLaTa. mo Sn. diieXei KOfiiel tovtov crocjiLO-Trjv Be^iov. 4>E. co^pbv fJiev ovv, olfiai ye, koI KaKoBaifMova. X0P02 'X^wpetTe vvv. ol/iat Be aoi TavTa /jLeTafieXTjaetV' TOL'9 KptTd<; d KepBavovaiv, i]v to TOi'Be top Xopov II 15 axpeXwa etc T(ov BiKaicov, ^ovXofiead' y/jbet<; ippdcrai. I log. oTof • o'iav (e prox. vers.) libri. 1 1 15. TOIL'S Kpiras' qu, to?s KpiraU Blaydes. NEc|>EAAI 55 irpcora /Luei' yap, rjv vedv ^ov\rjcr&* iv ^pci' TovANOYI ^e/9 /-tot TrpvraveT airoXelv fie (f)7)cri Kci^oXelv KCLfiov fieTpi drra koX hiKai airovfievov, ' w SaLjuLovte, TO fiev tl vvvl fiev Xa/Se, TO B' dva/3aXov /jlol, to S' avyoL<; av tjvtlv dv ^ovXy Blktjv. 1151 St. Kel fidpTvpe<^ iraprjcrav, ot e8avet^6fj,r]v ; So. ttoXXm ye fxaXXov, Kav irapcdai ')^iXLOL. ST. /Sodaofial Tcipa Tav virepTOvov podv. l(i)y KXdeT, (o/3oXo(TTnTaL, 1155 avToi re Koi Tap-^ala kol tokol tokcov ovBev yap dv fxe (jyXavpov epydoracad' erf 0I09 ifiol Tpe(j)€Tat TotaB^ evl Bcofiaai 7rat9, dfi napLocri' Kel irapricrav Blaydes. NEct>EAAI 57 ou Kokeaov Tpe'X^cov evSoOev co? i/ie. Sn. CO reKvov, co iral, e^eXO' oI'kcou, 1165 ale aov Trarpo'i. oS' eK6lvoE. evT] yap eaji koI via tl^ rjfiepa; ST. et? ^v ye Oijaeiv tcl irpvTaveld (f)aal fioL 1180 0E. aTToXovcr' ap" av6' ol OevT6<;' ov yap eaO ottco^ fiL y/iepa yevoiT dv rjpbepa hvo. St. ovk dv yevoLTo ; OE. ttcG? yap; el jirf irep y djjba avTT) yevoLT dv ypav<^ re Kal via yvvr). ST. Ka\ fjbrjv vevo/jLtaTal y\ vaLv. ST. Tovrl fxev ovSev ttco tt/oo? €V')]v re Kal veav. ^E, €K€LVO^ ovv TTJV KXfjaLV €E. tV, co /neXe, 7rap6vT6<; ol (^evi\oi '^ol Brj/jLorat 12 10 ^rjXovvTe^; tjvIk dv av vtKa<; Xeycov rd<; BlKa<;. dW^ eladycdv ere fiov\o/jLat TrpwTov eaTcdaai. HASIAS elr dvBpa rcov avrov tl ')(prj irpo'ievaL ; ovBeiTOTe y\ dWd Kpelrrov evOiff; tjv Tore 1315 direpvOpidaaL pbdWov i) crX'^^^ Trpdy/juara, ore Twv ijJLavTov y eveKa vvvl xPVH'^^'^^v 1 197. apxciL' a pxai Vihv'i. 1 198. iroi€?v ' Tra^erc plur. libri. 1 199. IV ujs aliquot libri Dind. Bl. owios RV al. Heini. Kock al. 120,^. vev'qf.Uvoi' v€i>T)afxevoi plur, libri. NE<|5EAAI 59 eX/cct) ae KXrjrevaovTa, koX ?;/iaT09; ITA. Tojv BcoSeKa fjLVwv, d^ eXa/?e9 oivovjievo^ Tov yfrapov 'InTTrov. ST. iTrirov ; ov/c aKovere, Of irdpre^ v/ie2<; care pucrovvB' Ittttlkt]!/. 1226 riA. Kal VT] A/' dTToBdoaeLV y iTrco/uLvv; tov<; Beov'^. ST. iMCL TOV A/' ov yap ircct tot i^rjiriaTaTO 0etSt7r7rtS?;9 jj^ol tov aKaTa/SXrjTOV \6yov. IIA. vvv Be Bid TOVT e^apvo<; eivai Biavoel; 1230 ST. TL yap dX)C dv dTroXavaai/jLi, tov fxaOijixaTO^ ; IIA. Ka\ TavT ede\i]creLr]v iyco. 1255 XT. irpoaaiTo^aXel'^ dp' avrd 7rpo<; rah SwSeKa. KaiTOi (T6 TovTo y' ov'^l ^oiiXofxaL iradelvy OTLi] \d\e(Ta^ evr^OiKoi)^ ti]v Kaphonrov. AMYNIAS XT. > f LCO flOL /jLOL ea. TL<^ ovTOCTi nroT eaO' 6 Opi-jvoov; ov tl ttov 1260 Twv KapKLVov Tt? haifjbovwv i^Oey^aro ; AM. Tt 8' o(TTC<; elfii rovro ^ovXeaO' elhevai; dv7]p KaKoSai/jLO)v. XT. Kara aeavrov vvv rpeirov. AM. (o aKXrjpe Salfiov, co rv^at dpavcrdvrvye^i Xttttwv ifiMV, (o IlaWa?, w? /x dirooXecra^. 1265 XT. TL hai ae T\7j7r6\6/jL6<; iror elpyaarai KaKov ; AM. pA) aK0)7rT6 /x', w rdv, dWd p,0L rd '^p/j/xara TOP vlov aTTO^ovvat KeXevaov dXa^ev, dXXo)<; T6 pbevTOL kol Ka/c(t)<; ireirpayoTi. 1246. awoZihaeiv aot doKci ; MAP. dirodtvaeiv fxoi ooKei' Herm. Dind. 1254. Kal TOVT ' Kai Toi y C al. Kal aoi 7' Reisig^. Bl. 1262. tI 5' offTis' TL 5' ; oo-rts Mein. Kock. NEct^EAAl 6l 2T. Ta TToia ravra ')(pyfxa9^ ; AM. aSapeicraro. 1270 ST. KaKO)^ dp' ovTQ)<; et^j^e?, ft)6pa; AM. ravT ov')(^ v/SpL^i Btjt iariv; ST. afet?; eTnaXw KeVTWV VTTO TOV TTpcOKTOV (76 TOV a6Lpa(j)6pOV. 1300 I €vEAAI 6s ocfjLOL KaKohaifJiwv t^? KeE. ^^/u,', w irdrep. 1325 2T. opad^ ofjLoXoyovvO^ on fie Tvirrei; ^E. Kal fjbdXa. ST. w ficape Kal TrarpaXoca Kal tolx^P^X^' 4>E. av6iE. Kd'7TO(j)avol) ye vrj Ata ft)? eV Slkt] a erviTTOV. ST. w jjiLapcorare, Kal TTci)? yivoLT dv Trarepa Tvirreiv ev SiKy ; ^E. eyooy* dirohei^w Kal ae vtK'ijaco Xeycov. ST. rovrl av VLK'^o-ea ; ^E. ttoXv ye Kal paBloji;. 1335 eXoO 8' birorepov toIv XoyoLv ^ovXet Xeyeiv. ST. TTOioiv XoyoLv ; E. roi^ Kpelrrov rj rov rjTTova. ST. ehtha^dfjiriv /jLevrot ae vrj At*, co yLteXe, TolcTLv hiKaioi^ dvnXeyeiv, el raurd ye /jLeXXei irpea^vra^ (ppovrl^etv oirrj (rrp. 1345 rov dvBpa Kparrja-ei^;, ft)? ovro^, el /jL7] tw ^ireTrolOetv, ovk dv rjv ovrcoAN0Y5: Xp^] ^^) Xeyecp tt/jo? top ')(op6v' Travro)^ Be rovro hpaaei^. 5lT. KOI /jbrjv oOev ye irpcorov rjp^dfieaOa XoihopeldOai eyci) (ppdaco' ^TretSrj yap eiarLoo/JieO', wcnrep idTe, TTpcoTOP fieu avTov Trjv Xvpav Xa^ovr eyoo Ve- Xevaa 1355 aaai Xt/ii(t)viBov yiteXo?, top Kpiop w? eVe^^?;. 6 S' evOeo)^ dp-^alop eJp* €(l)aafi6 to KiOapi^eiv nSeip re irtPovO' cocrirepel Kci^^pv; yvpacfc aXovaap. 0E. ov yap TOT ev0v<; XP^l^ ^^ TvirTeaOai re /cat iraTelcrOai, aSetP KeXevopff' axrirepel TerTiya^; eaTiwPTa; 1360 ST. Toiavra /jLepToc Kal tot ekeyep evhop oldirep pvp, Kal TOP Xt/jiO)i'i87jp €(f)a(TK elpat kukop Troirjrrjp. Kciycb fjL6XL<; fiep dXX* Oyuco? rjP60-)(^6/x7)P to TrpwTOP' eireiTa 8' eKeXeva avTOP dXXd jjivppipriv Xa^opTu Twp Kla')(yXov Xe^ac tl (jlol' KaO* ol'TO? evOv^ elirep, 1365 * eyoi yap XI(T')(vXop po/jli^co irpwrop ep iron^rah, y^o^ov irXecop, d^iaraTOP, aTo/xcpaKa, Kprj/xpo- TTOLOP ;' KapTavOa ttw? oteaOe fxov ttjp KapBiap 6pe-)(^delp ; o/jLcof; 8e TOP Ov/jl6p haKoop eEAAI 65 Kcuyoy 01J/C6T €^7]V€or')(^6/jLr)V, d\X' evOij^; e^apdrrco TToWoL'^ KaKol^; Kala')(^polcrL ' Kar ivrevOev, olov eUof;, 1374 eVo? 7r/oo9 eVo? rfpeihoiJieo-O^ ' eW ovto<^ iiravairi^^a^ KcnreLT €(f)\a [le fcdaTroSec /cdirviye KaTrerpt/Sev. ^E. ovKOvv hiKalo)'^, oaTL<; ovk. l^vpiTTiSrjv iiraivel'^ (TO(j)(iOTaTov ; XT. aocpcorarov 7' eKelvov' w r/ (T eiTTO) ; 1378 dXX' av6i<^ av Tviri^o-Ofiai. E, vrj rov At' ev ot/t?7 7 av. St. «:al TTcS? hiK:aiw<^; ocrrt?, wvaio-'yvvTe, a i^eOpeyfra, aiadav6/jL€v6<; (rov irdvra Tpav\i^ovTO<; o n vooi7]<;. el fiev ye (3pvv elVot?, eyoo ryvov<; dv irielv eirecry^ov' puayip.dv V dv alTr](TavTOAN0YI ovS' CIV rpT elirelv pijfjLad^ ol6<; t 7} nr plv i^a- fiaprelv • vvvl B' eVciS?; fM ovroal tovtcov eiravcrev avro^, fiaiE. eKelae 8' oOev d7r€E. etVe Sr) fxoL, 1410 ov KCLixe aol hiKaiov iariv evvoelv 6/jlolco<; TVTTTeLv T, iireihrjirep ye tovt ear evvoelv, ro TVTTTeCV ; 7rft)9 yap TO /JL€V aov aco/ia ')(^prj Tr\t]ywv aOwov elvai, Tovfiov Se /Jit] ; Kal firjv €(f)vv e\ev6ep6<; ye Kciyw. KXdovaL iralSe^, irarepa 8' ov kXcUlv 80/cet? ; (f)riaet<; vojii^eaOai, av 7ratS6<; tovto rovpyov elvai' iyo) Be y avreiiroifx av 0)9 Sf? TratSe? 01 yepovre^, elK6<; re fidWov tou? yepovra^ i) veov^; n KXdeiv, oaayirep e^ap^aprdvetv rjrrov BiKaiov avrov^. St. dW' ovSafjLOV vo/jLL^eraL tov iraTepa tovto irda- p^eti^. 1420 1402. T/' 7]V Vulg. 1 41 1. eaTLV ivvoelv' iar avTevvoeiv Qoh. 1412. Ti^Trretj/ r' AF al. Teuf. Dind. tutttojt' E Herm. Mein. 1418. 17 veo\js edd. rj tovs I'iovs vel tovs veurepovs libri. NEcJ^EAAl 67 4>E. ovKovv dvrjp 6 Tov vo/nov OeU tovtov rjv to irpwTOV wairep av Kayo), koX Xeywv eireiOe tov<; irakaiov^ ; rjTTov tL Stjt e^eart Kafiol Kaivov av to Xoittov Oetvat vofJiov rol^ vleatv, roi)? irarepa^^ avrt- TVTTTeCV ; 1424 6aaE. KOi irco^ ; ST. eVel ae fiev Bifcat6<; el/ju eyw KoXd^etv, (TV B\ rjv yevrjTal, (Tol, tov viov. ^E. rjv he /jLtj yevrjTai, 1435 fidT7)v i/jLol KeKXavaeTat, av 8' ey^avoiv Te9vi]^ei<^. St. ejjbol jxev, wvSpe<; r;\t«;e?, SoKet \eyeiv Si/cata' Kcifioiye avy')((i)pelv BoKel tovtolgl TdineLKri. KXdeLV yap rj/nd^ ecKO^; eVr', rjv firj SUaca Bpco/xev. 1421. dels TOVTOV A z\. Dind. Bl. tovtov Tcdeis Herm. Teuf. 6eis rovTovi Mein. 1423. rJTTov TL' tJttov Tl Kock Teuf. Bl. 1427. aXcKTpvovas ' dXeKTopas Beck. Both. Mem. 1436. Tedv-q^eis edd. Tedv-q^et, libri. 6S APIITOANOYI (i>E. GKe^ai he ')(^aTipav en yvoo/jLrjv. ST. (Itto yap oXov/xat. 1440 E. Kol fjurjv i(TO)<; y ov/c d')(6eaeL iraOoDV a vvv Treir ov6a<;, XT. TTft)? St] ; BiSa^ov yap tl /m e/c tovtwv eVo)- $E. TTJv fJur^Tep Sairep Kal ae ruTrr^/o-a). ST. tl (^7)9, Tt <^?;9 av ; rovd^ erepov av fxel^ov KaKov. ^E. tl 8\ rjv e')(WV TOV ^TTO) \6yov ae vifcrjam Xeycov 1445 TTjv fJLrjrep' w? Tvirreiv 'x^pecov ; St. to S' dWo 7' rj, ravT rjv iroiy^;, ovSev ere KcoXvaet aeav- TOV ifJu^aXelv e? to ffdpaOpop fierd XcoKpdTov<; 1450 Kal TOV \6yov tov ijtto), TavTi 8l v/jLd<;, cJ vecf^eXat, ireirovB' eyoj, vpulv dva6el<; diravTa Tafid irpdyixaTa. XO. avToEAAI 69 lET. otfjboi, irovrjpa y\ 00 ve(pe\ai, SiKaia Se. ov yap fju ixpV^ '^^ XP^f^^^' dBav6Laa/jLr)V aiToarepelv. vvv ovv 6'jt(o<^, (o (^tXrare, TOP l^aipecjiwvTa rov fxiapov koI 'ZcoKparr] 1465 a7ro\et9 f^er^ ifiov ^\6o)v ot ae Kafju i^rjirdrayv. 4>E. ttW' ovK dp dBtKT](Tai/uLt Tov^ BtBaaKaXovi. 2T. val val Karaiheo-di^Ti Trarpwov Ala. E. IBov ye Aia iraTpwov co? dp^alo^ el. Zey? yap Ti<; ecrriv ; 2T. eanv. 4>E. ovk ear, ovk, eVet 1470 Slvo'^ ^ao-tXevet rov At" e^e\r)\af€a)E. evravda aavTw Trapacf^poveo Kal (f>\r]vd(f)a. 1475 St. oliJbOL 7rapavOLaEAAI €/iot Be BaB' eveyKarci) rt? r)fxfiev7]v, 1490 KorfOi TLv avTOiv rrj/iepov Bovvau BiKrjv ifjLol 7rou]cr(t), Kel acjyoBp^ ela dXa^ove^. MA0HTH2 » \ > / iOV LOV. ST. (Tov epryov, cS Sa?, levaL iroWrjv (f>\6ya, MA®, avdpcoiref tl TroceU ; ST. 6 tc irotw; rl B' ciWo y rj 1495 BiaXeTTToXoyovfiaL rat? Bokol^; t^? olKia^ ; MA@. ot/Ltot Tt? r]iM(Zv irvpiroXel rrjv olKiav ; St. iKelvo "S Tives — sc. \^yovaa\rj TrpoaelXtj/ixa, which suggests a turban), 11. aXX' d 8oKei — 'well, if you like.' He turns ovei-, wrapping himself up, and tries to sleep, but presently starts up again. 12. 8aKvdn€vos — 'tormented'; the literal meaning too is of course suggested, as in 37 and 710. Note the alliteration in this line and the next. 13. TTJS — 'all this,' i.e. the expense I incur. 14. 8id...Tov "utov — cf. Dem. c. Phaenip. 1046 § 24, l7nroTpb(l)os dyados eari Kal . 1069, ttoWQv KiKLVvovs veavLwv : cf. Ko/xdv. Alcibiades himself, it was said, KdWiaros UP tV /JLopc/irjv KbfJL-qv ^Tp€(pev iirl iroXi) ttjs rjXiKias, Athen. xii. 534 C (§ 47). 15. iinra^cTai k.t.X. — riding and driving are meant; pvu fxh iirl KiXfjTOS, vvv 8k iirl ^vpojpidos dp/xaros dxovfxepos dpo) /cat /cdrco /3a/cxfi5fi (schol.). 'nrTrd^ofxai, as Mr Green points out, is used in Homer of driving ; as 'nnre^s and liriroTrjs denote the charioteer or the hero driven. 16. ov€tpoiro\€i — so line 27 : £(/. 809, with TepL Blaydes gives several instances with the direct accusative from Lucian, Plutarch etc. In Dem. F/itl. i. 54 § 49, we have the cognate construction iroWd TOiavTU 6p€ip6ir6\eiv. 17. elKciSas — the twentieth, twenty-first etc. The 'twenties,' as we speak of the 'teens' (Green). The interest would be due at the end of the month, and this would be drawing unpleasantly near; cf 1131. For the counting et/cds, irpdjTT] eirl eUddt k.t.X. see Diet. Ant. i. 338, calendarinm : also note on 11 31. 18. \o>pov(riv — 'are coming on' or 'going on': Vesp. 1483, tovtI Kal dri xwpei rb KaKop. dirT€ — Strepsiades now gives up the idea of sleep. He calls for a light, and begins to examine his accounts. 21. Ilao-ia — see 121354. Pasias sounds like a banker's name. iThus Pasion the banker, who appears in Demosthenes' speech for \ Phormioiiy had a son named Pasicles. 22. ToC — for the genitive of price and the like, cf. 31, 864 etc. tL €\pT]o-a|jLT]v — 'what was that loan?' i.e. what was it for? ri is generally explained as equivalent to ets ri ; but the construction is i more strictly cognate : cf. 202, tI eVrt xRWi-f^op ; 23. KOTnraT^av— so 438 : Koppa was the first letter of KSpipdos in old inscriptions, and the koppa stamp (9) was said to mark a Corinthian breed of horses, of fabled descent from Pegasus. cafKpdpas (122) was another brand. In the Anagyrus of Aristophanes (Fr. 235) ^ovk^- (pdXoi and Ko-mraTias are coupled together, whence it is supposed that §ovK^(paXos too denoted a brand, and was not a name derived from the shape of the horse's head. 1^. llcKOTTTiv — most editors read i^eKdirr], for if the horse's eye had 76 THE CLOUDS [1. 25- been knocked out Pheidippides would not have made his father buy him. But i^eKOTn]^ is found in all the manuscripts, and as the third person is the more obvious, why should it have been altered to the first? The meaning is, I would sooner have lost an eye, than lost all this money in horse-dealing (Rogers) ; and, as Mr Green says, ' We may suppose the expression colloquial and common, and chosen here chiefly for the sake of the alliterative pun.' The jingle on kott, ' I wish I'd had my eye copped out,' suggests a pun on the horse's brand /and eye to Walsh, and a better, 'hack ' and 'hacked out,' to Rogers. 25. ^i\wv, dSiKeis — Pheidippides is dreaming of a race. ddLKeiv is used of unfair conduct in any sport, ^\avv€...8p6p.ov — 'keep your own course ' : cf. t'/c dpo/mov, ^^oj dpd/xov. 26. TOVT 'ifTTi tovtC — cf. 1052 : Far. 64, tout ^ari tovtI to KaKhv. 27. iiririK-qv — ' sine articulo, ut saepe alibi' (Blaydes): so fiovaiKr], yvfjLvaaTiK'/i etc. 28. iroo-ovs 8p6jjiovs k.t.X. — 'how many courses (rounds) are the chariots to drive?' This is the simplest view of the line. Kock however would make ^i\(av the subject of €\«j : and Blaydes approves of eXas, 'will you drive? ' tA iroXciiwrTTJpia — sc. dp fxar a: a contest of chariots driven by men in warlike armour. We have iroXefXKrHjpios imros, Dem. c. Phaenip. 1046 §24: so dwpa^, Ach. 1132. 29. €(Ji^ |i€V— ' me in truth': a common usage with pronouns; cf. 1038, 1050. 30. Ti yj^io% ^Pa — a choric fragment, as the Doric dialect shows. The scholiast cites r'l xp^os ^/3a dw/ma ; from Euripides. tI xP^^s in the tragedy Avould mean 'what harsh necessity ?' as in I/erc. Fur. 530, W Kuivbu ^Xde ddcfxaaiv xp^os; Strepsiades however means 'what debt?' Xjoews is the Attic form. The scholiast explains ^^a by KareXa^e. For the accusative which follows cf. Eur. J:fip/>. 840, davdcn/xos tOxo. aav ^(3a KapUav : ib. 1371, koX vvv bhiva jx oSuva ^aivei. For tov ITacriav Blaydes suggests rb Uaaiov or Uaaia. 31. rpcis |i.vai — the nominative continues the construction of the line before (see 21); or Strepsiades simply reads the entry, sc. of/^et'Xoj'Tat. 8i(|>p£(rKOv — the diminutive expresses contempt, or is used 5ia to fxiKpoiis elfai Kai Kovcpovs rots dyiavt^oixivoLS. Tpo^^oiv — 'a pair of wheels.' The old man seems to mean a racing chariot, made up of ' a couple of wheels and a bit of board.' *A}xvv£a — a friend and fellow enthusiast seems meant, not a money-lender; though he did oblige Pheidippides with a loan, 1270 sq. Amynias is therefore probably '. 1. 4o] NOTES 77 'fithe person mentioned in 686, Avho is satirized in the Wasps zs a gambler (74) and a fop (466, 1267). One scholiast fancies that a cut is intended at Ameinias the archon of 422 B.C. 32. €^a\£8^io, 6.\Lvb7]dpa. Mr Green however, following Paley, prefers taking him out of his harness ' i.e. stripping him of girths, saddle etc., which agrees better with the compound e^aXtcrat 'to roll out of.' 33. £|t]XiKas — *you have rolled me out of,' or 'stripped me bare enough of my substance,' as Mr Green renders it. 34. 0T6 Ktti — see line 7. tokov — 'for interest,' as we say to distrain for rent ; see line 22 : so the genitive is used with viroTid-qixi, 'to ; pledge,' e.g. TokavTov. 35. €V€xvpa(r€(r0at — sc. Ta xpTj/^ara. The middle, as in EccL 567, implies taking security for one's own debt. The active is used in a law cited Dem. Aleid. 518, § 4: so Androt. 762 § 197, Tavrriv ivexvpd^eiv, ' to take her (a slave) in pledge,' for money due to the state. For the passive, see infr. line 241. As regards the reading, there is some slight manuscript authority for the future (see critical note), and it is certainly right. The aorist infinitive is indeed used, in reference to future time, with verbs of promising, hoping^ and the like; but such instances with verbs of saying or thinking, though found in the text of various authors, are anomalous, or according to some critics totally inadmissible; see Goodwin §§ 127 and 136. It€6v is always interrogative in Aristophanes ; line 93 : Vesp. 836, tI 5' effTLv treov; Pheidippides now wakes up and complains of his father's restlessness. 37. 8i]|j.apxos — see Diet. Ant. for the various duties of these ' officials. Here the allusion is to their right of distraint. For the joke cf. 710. As the scholiast explains, irai^ei cos el eXeye KopLs H] ^vXXa. 39. o-v 8* ovv Kd0€v8€ — ' well sleep away.' So Vesp. 6, cri) 5' om irapaKivdvi'ev : ib. 754, 1154: Soph. ^/. 891, add' odv Xiy^: Track. 1157. In these phrases the stress is on the verb more than on the personal pronoun. This is somewhat different from the common use of 5' ovv in the sense of 'however,' or like cetertim after a parenthesis or digression. 40. Is "T^v Ke<}>a\'ijv — Par. 1063, h Ke(paXT}v croi : so Dem. de Cor. 322 § 290: cf. Verg. Aen. viii. 484, di capiii ipsius generique reservent: 2 Sam. iii. 29, 'Let it rest on the head of Joab, and on all his father's house.' 78 7//A' CLOUDS [I. 41 41. tLV (o4>€X' — 'versus tragici et cpici coloris' (Hlaydes). 'J'he scholiast compares the first line of the Medea, e?(9' w^cX' ' \p^o\j% k.t.X r\ 7rpop.vT)(rrpia — see Diet. Ant. ii. 135, niatrwionium. 'There were professional matchmakers called TrfjofjMr}(jT(»ib(A or irpo/j.yqcrTpt.ai (I'lat. 'fhcaet. 149 D: Xen. Mem. ii. 6, 36: Pollux iii. 31), whoi however did not stand high in jjul^lic esteem' owing to ignorant and dishonest practitioners (F^lat. Theaet. 150 v.). But others are called 7cAoi and AyaOal. 42. TJTis— i.e. 'l;ecause she,' like f/une with the subjunctive. ciffTtj, ' the relative of a class,' sj^eaks of a person as possessing the characteristics of that class. -yTin' — see note on line 7. eirTJpc — svXois -from (rT^fA.pu, to press, crush: Kvidcjs Xiytrai to. tt7ro7rt/(T/>ittTtt TuJi/ iXauji/ (schol.), cakes of dried olives. 'l"he word is also used of raisins. 46. McyaKX^ovs tov McyaKXtovs the rob, as lilaydes ]Join(s out, .Mgrees with the first genitive: /if/. 449, rwy Mvpalprjt ttjs 'Ivirlov. Megac:les was a common nnme in the illustricnis family of the Alcmae- onidae (Ildt. vi. 125). 47. (IyP<*i-'<<>V '**' ^i &0-TCWS — note the antithesis ; ' rusticu? urdauuf/i, ut lo(|uilnr IbHutius, .S'a/. ii. 6, Ho' (HIaydes). yr.\ was ihc .laughter o( Mogaclos aiul nianiod to roisistratus. Ihlt. i. (''O. Trtpicrcri.cs ccAcocr^o;,ua'7; is the scholiast's explanation oi' the woiJ, hut it suggests 3ride of birth as well as costly dress. 49. OT ^-ydjiovv — •nuptiariim tempore,' as Blaydes explains; while ;he aorist iyi-i,ua (46) simply states a past fact. 5\rYKaT€K\tv6p,T|v — Blaydes understands this of the marriage feast, comparing Ai/i. ySo, rap ii-wl ^i^KaTaK\ii'fis. where the word certainly means reclining at :able. 5:. KwXidSos Aphrodite KwXtds had a temple at Colias neat Phalerum : Ildt. viii. 96, e^epe ttjs 'Arri/c^s iiri ti]v 7;iora t)}1' KoXeoineftji' KuXidSa. r€v€TuX\i8os — a title of Aphrodite, or, according to .he scholiast on /.vs. 2 (?) 'wl KcoXiciS' rj s VeyervWidos), of an attendant Toddess, dirb Ti)s yevecreus tQv iraidioy (hyopair/.i€yi]. From these passages Bentley suggested Gefu-fyllisy Hor. Carm. Sec. 16, sive tu Lucina probas vocari, sen Genitalis. 53. €o-ird0a — airaOdv in weaving, as Dr Merry explains, means 'to nake the web upon the loom close and thick by beating the threads of he woof together with a wooden blade [uTvadi)) ' : cf. Aesch. Choeph. 222, l^ov 8' i< 5^ rb d(p€i5u!S dva\icrK€iv, irapd de toTs p-qropffiv ■ipi]Tai TroXXctKis (schol.) : e.g. Oem. Fals. u-^: 354 § 43, did raiV •airaOdTo ravTa (which Ikv^lop however thinks may be literal). Mr Green suggests the rendering. 'And yet 1 will not s.iy she was no .spinster, she iiade my money spin.' 54. ryw 8' dv — for this itcTatii'c use oi dv with the imperfect ndicative see note on ]\-sp. 269: also Goodwin J5 lO:- What one "would do' (on due occasion) one does often in h.ibitually. In Aristophanes this construction has a tenileiicy to occur in groups, e.g. 4v. 50=,. 55. irpd4)a(riv — * by way of prete.xt' ; the accusative is adverbially ised in apposition to the sentence : Eq. 466, irpocpaaiv /ttV 'Apyeiovs ■piXovs ijixiv TTotet. Strepsiades pretended that the coat he had now Voi^i) was too closely woven, and so brought in the double meaning of \{av €\\€'us— explained by the scholiast as tottos rij^ 'Attiktjs eiriTrjdeLos els (Soaiu alyuip rpaxos : but, according to Harpocration, not a proper name but a general term for such districts ; rd TreTpudr] Kai alyi^ora x^P'-^ 0eXXe'as iKd\ovv. 72. 8i(})0€pav lvTi|i|X€'vos — like a herdsman ; so £cr/. 80, Pan. 430, XeovTTJv cvqiifiivov. 74. ^l-mrcpov — Meineke and Dindorf read iiriripiov, following Photius, iiriripojv: top icp' 'iwrroLS 'ipwra. Blaydes however urges that the accu- sative ought to be either 'nnrepciOTa or iinrepou, 'ut ^pop pro ^pojra legitur Eur. //>//. T. 1 1 72.' There is also an allusion to LKrepos, a disease of the eyes, which makes Kar^eev appropriate, xp-qp-aTtov following instead of ofifidTwu. [jlov from its position has somewhat the same force as an ethical dative 'incommodi.' In construction it either follows x/o^/W'^TW, or is governed directly by /car^xeei', tcDj' xPVI^^'''^^" being a genitive of further definition : cf. Fesp. 6, KavTov y' e/xov Kara toIu KSpaif vwuov ti Karaxeirai y\vK^. G. c. 6 I 82 THE CLOUDS [1. 75-^ ! KaT€X€€V — cf. Eq. 1090, i KOX /JiOv86K€L 7) debs aVTT} ToO 8rjfxov Karax^^v dpvrabrj irXovdvyleiau. ix^€{v) uncontracted is aorist, the imperfect is ^x^i. For the con- traction of such verbs see New Phryn. p. 300. 75. <})povTi^wv 680V — 'thinking of a road': so Blaydes, Meineke etc. Green and others put a comma after (ppovri^wu, making 68ov depend on arpairbv, 'a path to go by.' Both rhythm and sense are in favour of the former view, if only the use of ^poPTi^cov can be supported. ^povri^it} is generally used in a negative sense of *not thinking much of somebody or something (125), or else absolutely in the sense of 'pondering.' Blaydes indeed cites Xen. Me^n. iv. 8, 5, (ppovrla-ai, ttjs irpbs Tovs biKaaras diroKoylas, and a passage from Pollux, but no other authorities. He adds 'sed scripserat, ni fallor, comicus (ppovTi^ojv /xbXis etc,,' yLt6Xts being written over imiav in one manuscript. This however would lose the antithesis between bdov and drpairbv. 76. drpairov — cf. Av. 21, ov yap ear evTavdd tis 6S6s. HE. ov8^ /xd AC ivravdd y drparbs ov8a/j.ov. The distinction is found in many proverbial expressions, e.g. oSov irapoiKxrjs ttjv drpairbv fir] ^-qrei, quoted by Blaydes from the Proverbs of Appian: so Ennius ap. Cic. Divin. i. 58, 132, qui sibi semitam non sapiunt alteri monstrant viam. 77. TJV...TOVTOV1 — Tret'^oj often takes a double accusative, one of the person, the other a neuter cognate with the verb, e.g. Aesch. Ag. 12 12, ^Treidov Qvdeu^ ov8^i>. But ireWeLv rivd dTpairov is quite different: though it may be justified by Thuc. ii. 21, i, bb^avri. xpvf^^f^'- TreLffdrjvai rrjv dj'axw/)?7(rij', if the reading be genuine (which is questioned). The explanation, I think, is to be found by understanding ^adi^eiv or the like, 'which if I can persuade him to take': cf. Av. i, dpOrjv KeXeijeis 77 rb 8iv8pov (palveTaL; The accusative of 'the road by which' is not uncommon ; e.g. Thuc. v. 10, 6, ^dec Ti-jv b8bv TaiTTjv. 80. €i8nr'ir£8iov — a coaxing diminutive of endearment {r^biara) ; cf. 222 : Ach. 404, EupLirtSr), EvpiTi8iop. 81. Kvtrov |Jt£ K.T.X. — Teuffel compares Soph. Track. 1181, where the dying Heracles says to his son, on whom he is laying his last commands, ^fi^aWe X"P^ Sf^iac irpdiTLaTd /xot' and Hyllus responds loov irpoTeivij} k.t.X. 1. 96] NOTES 2>z - 82. I80U — 'there,' giving his hand; cf. 255, ihov Kd6r]fj.ai, 635 etc. 83. TOUTOvi — pointing to an image of Poseidon, or, according to the scholiast, to his own chariot or harness. The Athenians swore by Apollo dyvie^is, whose statue stood by their doors, and the son naturally appeals to his own tutelary god, whose image he had placed near at hand. Dindorf indeed urges that ovtos and ovroai do not necessarily imply actual presence, but are often used emphatically where we say 'that,' e.g. Plat. Gor^. 470 D, opds 'Apx^Xaov tovtov rbv IlepdlKKov; Dem. Jui/s. leg: 447 § 331, AevoKXeidTjv tovtovI tqv TroiTjTrjv i^eK-qpv^ev. See the question which arises on line 1473. 84. (J.T] jxoi yi — cf. 433: Vesp. 11 79, fiv fJ-ol ye f.wdovi. 87. Ti ovv iriOwjiat — 'what am I to obey you in?' cf. Vesp. 760, W\ w Trdrep, i/noi indov. I. tL col irldcj/xaL; For this interrogative subjunctive see Goodwin § 287. 88. ^Ko-Tpexf/ov — according to the scholiast, this is a metaphor from turning a dirty garment inside out, to dWd^at to irpbs to aQfxa fx^po^ 'i^w. Any way it suggests a complete change. 90. Ka{ Ti iTcio-ei; — there is something deprecatory and insinuating about TL, and no alteration is needed. 91. VT] Tov Ai6vvo-ov — forbidden to swear by Poseidon (83) the son appeals to the presiding deity of the theatre. 92. TwKiSiov — another coaxing diminutive. oIkIolov, i.e. oIkl-Ioiov from oi/cta : so KoKlhov, arj-rrldiov etc. from words in -ia (Blaydes) : 5LKapov- TtaTai, did Tb (ppovTi^eLv irepl dWrjXcov kul 8id Tb /uLTjd^TroTe TraueaduL r^s (ppovTibos, meaning, I suppose, that they spent their lives in thinking, and that their thinking never came to any practical good. 95. ot TOV ovpavov — for the construction cf. \{/v\\av, 145 : avTov, 479 etc. 96. 7rviY«vs — so Av. 1 00 1, where Meton says avTiKa yap drjp iarL tt]v Ib^av oXos /card TTVLyia fidXiara. ' An oven ' or furnace is the received translation ; but, as Mr Green 84 THE CLOUDS [1.97— :l points out, something of the nature of a round cover seems certainly implied. This piece of natural science, according to the schoHast, was attributed by Cratinus in his Panoptae to the philosopher Hippo. 97. av9paK€S — 5ta rh virb i]\lov depiiaiveadat (schol.). There mayi be some sort of etymological joke on dpdpuiroi, which would not sound very unlike if pronounced by accent (Green). Socrates, as we often find in Plato, was given to such fanciful analogies, 98. ap-yvpiov TJv tis SiSw — a transparent calumny in the case of Socrates, who notoriously never taught for gain ; see note on 245. 99. Xt'-yovra viKciv — cf. 115, 12 10 etc. The accusative depends on either word, or rather on the compound idea of both. For the use of VLKav cf. Vesp. 594, yuufXTju evLKyjaeu. roi. jJi€pijJLVOpovTi(rTai — i.e. iJ.epi./j.u7]Tai and (ppofTLarai. Both words are applied to students and philosophers: cf. 951, and 1404. Eur., Affd. 1228, derides fiepi/xvrjTas \6yu}i> and tous wv — a friend of Socrates from his youth; cf. Plat. Apol. 21 A, where the scholiast says he was lean and pale, a sycophant and parasite, dishonest and dirty. He was called the bat from his dark looks and thin voice. 105. TJ TJ — Ran. I'ji, rj '^avdia's. The sound corresponds to our c/i ! 106. dXV, d Ti K-qSei — a line of mock-tragic ring: Ack. 1028, dXV et Ti K-qoei. AepK^Tov }v i^rjTdadT) Ti2 br)ixu). For [JLOt cf. r 16: so aot III. crxaord|Ji€vos— 'dropping,' 1. 119] NOTES §5 or 'cutting': so Plat. Com. ii. 628, /cat rets 60puj (rxd(ra(r^e /cat ras 6fA(paKas, i.e. have done with your ill-temper. These are metaphorical and apparently slang uses of the word; derived, according to the scholiast, from rowing: Pind. Py//i. x. 51, Kibvav axdaov. The pri- mary meaning of (rxa^w, as is shown in Mr Green's note, is to cut or slit open : ' then what has been tightly done up is, by slitting, loosed or opened, and the cover or bands drop slack ' : cf. 740. tt^v iiririKijv — Blaydes suspects the reading, as 'tTTTri/cT? sine articulo legitur ubique apud nostrum, 27 etc' Plere however the article has an appropriate force = ' your taste for horses.' 108. ovK av — cf. 5, 154: Ac/i. 966, ovK &v...ei doitj yi fioi: Phtt. 928, oi)5' h.v el doLT]^ yi fMoi. 109. ), Meineke suggests yu,' ibelv...bi.aK€KvaL(Tfxivov, making Toi/s iTTTreas the subject. 1 20. Tous tinreas — ol yap [inrels euxpoot, /cat virodeSefxevot Kal iu yvfivaaloL^ e^era^S/xevoi, Kal iv iraXaia-Tpats (schol.). to xp(0|ia — Meineke considers that rbi^ xP'^''" or to au)fxa would accord better with diaKeKvaicr/xevoi: but it was the faces of the tliinkers that particularly disgusted Pheidippides {103), and diaKeKvaia-fi^uos is 'disfigured' gene- rally. 121. |Ji.d Ti]V Ai]}JLT]Tpa — eiKOTws TTjv ArjfXTjTpa ofxvvcLV, as it is a question of corn (schol.). ^Sci — future of ecrdiu: Pac. 1357 etc. KaTeSofiai, AcJi. iri2 etc. 122. 6 (ra(Jiopas — a horse marked with cdv, the Doric equivalent to a^yixa : cf. 45. The (ra/xcpdpas may have been a showy expensive horse, as Mr Green suggests, put on the outside (aeipa^opos), as he seems distinguished from the ^vyios: see 1298. 123. e^cXw (T* es KopaKas — cf. Lys. xiii. 8r, dmefaL eK^Xevaev es KOpaKas eK tQv ttoKitCov. 125. aviirtrov ovt' — so Blaydes, following Cobet's conjecture; 'nunquam enim post verbum irepLopdv omittitur participium.' The son now goes away, leaving Strepsiades to make the best of the state of things. 126 — 221. Strepsiades, undismayed by his son's refusal, applies himself for admission to the school. A disciple, who answers his call, tells him some wondrous stories of the master's wisdom, and at length lets him in. He sees the students, and strange appliances for study, and finally Socrates himself suspended in a basket. The part of the disciple is taken by the actor who has represented Pheidippides. 126. ov8' €"yco— 'I won't give in either,' i.e. anymore than you; oy5e='also not,' as it generally means. |ji€VTOi— 'nevertheless,' 'after all'; or perhaps simply a strong affir- mation, ireo-wv yi K€i(ro|Jiai— like a thrown wrestler ; Ere/. 962, KaTairea-iov Kdaop-ai. The old man is determined not to be floored by his son's refusal. 1. Hi] NOTES 87 127. €v|dfjL£vos — prayer was right and natural before a great undertaking. Thus Philocleon is called on to pray before trying to escape, Vesp. 388 : and the rival tragedians with Dionysus pray before the poetic contest, Ran. 871, 885. 8i8d|o[xai — 'I will get myself taught.' Here 5i5d^Ojuat has the strict force of the middle; but it is a true passive, Soph. Ant. 7 ■26, ol TrjXLKoide Kal dida^o/xeada drf, 130. (TxivSaXdjiovs — 'the nice hair-splittings of subtle logic' (Rogers); so Ran. 819, (rx^SaXd/xw;/ vapa^oPLa: lit. shavings or splinters. 131. Iti]t€Ov — after a moment's hesitation he nerves himself to the trial. ri ravr 'iyjiav a-rpayyivoiiai; — 'why do I keep loitering?'; so 509, tI KVTTTd^eLS ^X^^ ) ^^' 54i» ^VP^^^ 'ix'^v- ravra is connected with the two words as a cognate accusative, ' thus, in this fashion.' 132. dXX' 0VX.1 — we say 'and do not knock'; the Greek idiom is with dWd, cf. 227 etc. irai, iraiSiov — knocking, and calling for an attendant; so Dionysus knocks at Heracles' door {Ran. 37), and calls Traidiov, ttol, -fjimi, Trot. The two passages are much alike: so 1145. 133. pdW €s KopaKas — not addressed to the knocker, but applying to the circumstance. So we might say, ' Confound it, who is this knocking?': cf. Vesp. 835, /3d,XX' is KopaKas, tolovtovI rpicpeiv Kvva, 134. 4>€i8wvos — but, according to 65, the grandfather's name was Pheidonides. KiKuvvoOtv — from Cicynna, a deme of the tribe Acamantis. 136. direpiiiepCjxvws — dpvv— the flea selects the prominent features of the sages, Chaerephon's bushy eyebrows and Socrates' bald head. 148. For the reading see the critical note. Blaydes, who reads Trws dijTa dLe/x^Tprjae; 'measured the distance across,' cites Lucian, Prom. 6, -^vKkCiv Trri8r}ixa.Ta Sia/xeTpovuras, * ubi ad hunc locum procul dubio respicitur.' 150. Tw TToSc — its two hind feet, as if the flea were a biped. 151. \}/ux€iort — this is Blaydes' correction, sc. tois ttocL. Most manuscripts have xpvydarj, sc. tt/ ^vWrj. Dindorf with one manuscript reads \pvx'^^(^V^ ^.s the right Attic form. Herwerden has xpvylvTos {tov KTjpoO), Meineke and Kock, \}/vx'^vtos. '7r€pie(|>v(rav — ' formed round them.' 'ir€p(riKat are women's shoes; Eccl. 319: Thesm. 734, irepaiKas ^X'^^' of ^ ma.n dressed like a woman. 152. viroXvo-as — the proper word for taking off shoes: cf. Vt's/. 1 157, where vwoXvov rds KarapaTovs i/x^dSas (Cob.) seems the right reading, not ciTroSi^oi; or inrodvou. dv£}Ji£Tpei — *he proceeded to measure the distance back.' 153. (0 Zev pao-iXtv — his favourite exclamation, see line 2. ttjs Xc-irTOTT^Tos — 'what a subtle intelligence !' The genitive of exclamation is very common, e.g. Ves/). i6i, "AttoWov d-rroTpdiraie, tou fxapreu/xaTos. It gives the cause of astonishment and is analogous to such phrases as OavjuLa^u} ae ttJs TdXfxrjs. peva>v — (l)p-rju is a tragic word, generally used by Aristophanes in lyric passages or in parody; see JVetv Phryn. p. 9. 154. t£ 8t]t* d'v — sc. elVots: Lys. 399, tI 8t}t du, el irvdoLO) For other ellipses with dv see 5, 108 etc. 1. 174] NOTES 89 157. 67r6T€pa — 'which was his opinion': biroTepa for ovorepou, as in Hdt. V. 119. 158. Kara — * at ' or 'by.' The scholiast notes that gnats and such insects Trdura 8ia rod ar-qdovs rriv (pojvrjv irpo'teTai. The sound is of course really produced by the vibration of the wings. 161. 8id XeiTTov 8' ovTos avrov — we should say 'through this narrow passage.' Blaydes illustrates the Greek construction by Thuc. vii. 84, 4, iu kol\(^ ovTi tu Trorajxi^ rapaaaofiivovs. 162. Pia PaSi^civ — 'passes violently': cf. Plat. Phaedr. 254 A, jSi'a (p^perai, ' rushes violently.' 6v0u — with genitive * straight for ' ; Av. 1421, cvdv HeW'qfTjs. 163. KoiXov irpos trnvto — these adjectives are in agreement re- spectively with the substantives in the next line. The idea is that the ivTepov of the gnat is a narrow tube ending in a wide mouth, thus forming a trumpet. irpo(rK€{|X€Vov is ' fitted on,' like the mouth of a trumpet. i66. w Tpio-naKcCpios k.t.X. — with the nominative w (or w, vid. Stallbaum on Plat. Phacdr. 227 d) is an exclamation about a person; so Vesp. 900. For the following genitive cf. Vesp. 1292, iw xeXuJ;/at IxaKOLpiai Tov Sep/xaTos. 8i€vT€p€V(iaTOS — ' insight into the inside ' is Blaydes' rendering, in accordance with the scholiast. It is a word coined for the occasion, from hrepov, with a supposed allusion to diepevvav, a word of philosophical investigation. rpiafMaKaptos thus refers to Socrates. But as some inferior manuscripts have rpLanaKapioL, Bentley suggested Tpi€V7wv dv aTro<})v"YO^ — Viesp. 479, (pevyccu, ovk d7ro(p€vyei : see Blaydes for other instances. vSuch combinations were not unpleasing to the Greek ear. Strepsiades is thinking still of his own reasons for coming to Socrates. 168. 8ioi8€ — ' sees through ' i.e. knows thoroughly. 170. dorKaXaP«Tou — the same as yaXeuTTj^, 174, a spotted lizard, stellio. i-ji. rds 680VS — so 584. 174. tJotOtjv — 'I like the idea'; so 1240: £(/. 696, rjadrjv d7ret\a?s. The Greek idiom is more exact than the English. We say ' what do you say?' but the Greek is ttcDs elTras; rt tovt ^Xe|as; i.e. at the moment when you spoke: so ri edav/xaaas; 185. There was a story of 90 THE CLOUDS [1. 176— Thales tumbling into a well while contemplating the heavens. The idea is here transferred to Socrates with a difference. 176. irpos TaXpav — for drawing figures; sand or dust being the customary and proverbial surface for the geometrician's work: cf. Pers. Sal. i. 131, secto in pulvere metas: Cic. de Nat. Deor. ii. 18, 48, pulvis eruditus, i.e. the study of geometry : id. Tiisc. v. ^s, 64 (Archimedem) a pulvere et radio excitabo : Sen. Ep. 88, itane in geometriae pulvere haerebo ? Kara tt]S will thus be 'down over.' Teuffel however takes it as 'down from,' supposing that Socrates takes wood ashes from the table of sacrifice and spreads them on the ground. 178. Ka|x\}/a$ 6peXi. 372 c: Tlieocr. xiv. 17 etc. 189. |jn]...povT{5€T€ — this is not worthy of your (ppovris. Strep- siades would prefer their considering points which might help him in his difficulties ; see 197. 192. €p€po8i(|)cos dXrjdujs, 'in very truth,' and Cobet would omit the line. Blaydes approves of Dobree's conjecture of 'A-TTlK-q for 'kTTLKbv. 1. 22i] NOTES 93 210. KiKvvVTJs — a good illustration of the Greek way of naming a place by its inhabitants, e.g. KoKpoi etc. 211. €VTav9' hiiicriv — ' here they are down.' 212. TrapaTtTarai — 'is stretched out': Eur. Hel. 1673, '^"P' 'Akttjv TeTaixhrjV vrjoov. 213. TrapexaGti — 'was stretched on the rack,' distressed and tortured : Liddell and Scott give several instances of metaphorical usage in this sense. The allusion is to the subjugation of the revolted Euboea in 446: see Thuc. i. 114, 2, YlepiKkiovs crTpaTrjyoOvTOS Karearpi- ^avTO Tracrau. 214. oirov 'trrCv; — sc. do you ask? The direct question is re- peated indirectly; so 1248 : J^au. 198, ri iroLeTs; 6 ti Trotw; 215. TovTo irdvu <|)povTi^€Tc — i.e. this is a matter well worthy of your (ppovrls ; cf. 189. Bentley's suggestion of fieTacppovTi^ere is very ingenious and tempting, especially as there is a var. lect. fxeya for wduv. Strepsiades, he supposes, seeing Sparta close to Athens on the map, imagines that the philosophers have brought it so near and begs them to remove it further. Bentley's conjecture is supported by the scholiast's explaining (ppovTi^ere by pLera^ovKeieade. 217. vr\ A£* — in accordance with Cobet's correction, connected wdth what follows, instead of with ovx olbv re, which would naturally have /xa Ala. ol|xw|€(r9' cipa — i.e. you will suffer from the Spartan invasions, as the scholiast says; or it maybe simply a threat on the speaker's part, * the worse for you.' 218. 4)€'p€ Tis -yap— so 342 and 370. Strepsiades now first catches sight of Socrates, who is shown suspended in a basket ; in ridicule, it is suggested, of the mechanism by which stage deities appeared. The whole scene reminds one of Dicaeopolis calling on Euripides, Ac//. 403 sq. 219. avTos— so pupils and servants styled * the master.' 220. t9* ovTOS — 'come, you sir.' [i-iya — ' loudly'; Fesp. 963, Xi^ov fJL^ya: Ach. 103, Xe7e /xe'i^ov, 'louder.' 221. |Ji€v ovv — * no, you call him ' ; p-ev ovu, ' nay, rather,' modifies what has gone before, strengthening an affirmative or suggesting a negative. 94 THE CLOUDS [I. 222— 222 — 274. Strepsiades makes his application to the master, who promises to initiate him in the mysteries of his craft, and invokes the Clouds to aid him, 222. W SwKpaTtS K.T.X. — cf. 80. 225. dtpoparw— this particular gibe is recalled in Plat. Apol. 19 c. By '7r€piiv — note the accent, to avoid confusion with xPWt<^v from XPW^^^' Here and in 434 xp7}£pop.ai — Eur. Troad. 1310, dyhjxeBa 0ep6/xe^a : Dem. de Cor. trier. 1232, § 13, Trairas dvOpujirovi dyei Kal a"y€iv — ' lusus est in verbo cpayeTv, quod de equis pariter ac morbis dicitur ' (Blaydes) : cf. (payedaiva (Aesch. Fr. 231): d8r]. 9, 77, 250 etc. dWd. Tavra iravTa — Mr Green well points out that there is no need to alter the text into Tuvras ravra. The sense is ' all this (chaplet included) is essential at our initiations.' ^^eZs is emphatic. 260. Xiyav Tp£[jLp,a — ' a practised hand at speaking ' ; Av. 430 : so rpi^uiv, 869 : irepiTpL/xixa 5(.kCov, 447 : Demosthenes calls Aeschines 7r epiTpL/uLjULa dyopdi {de Cor. 269 § 127) : cf. iurpi^ris. KporaXov — 'a rattle'; so 448: lit. Hdt. ii. 60 etc. It appear to have been like our castanets ; see Diet. Ant. iraiirdXT] — ' fine flour,' i.e. a subtle rogue ; TranrdXrjiJ.' oKov, Av. 430. So Ajax calls the wily Odysseus dXrjfxa, Soph. Aj. 381, 390 : cf. AnL 320. According to the scholiast, Socrates accompanies each word with pantomimic action, rubbing some stones together, rattling them over the victim's head, and pouring the dust over him like flour over a sacrifice. 261. '4\ drpejieC — cf. 743: Av. 1200, ?x drp^fias. Strepsiades is beginning to kick under his initiation. There are three forms of the adverb, drp^fxa, drpefxas and aTpe/j-ei. Here most manuscripts have drpifjLas and R drpefxl, while most editors read drpefxei. ov \|/€V(r€i ■y^ (i€ — i.e. you don't intend to cheat me; your promises, I see, will be k^pt to the letter. 262. KaTairaTTojJicvos — ' I shall be flour indeed with all this peppering' (Rogers). 1. 268] NOTES 97 26^. i\)^y\^ilv K.T.X. — The metre is changed as Socrates begins a solemn invocation of his divinities. Sacred silence {ev(pr)(xia) is first enjoined on the neophyte : of. Ach. 237, evcpijixeiTe, eixprj/jieXTe, when Dicaeopolis is beginning to inaugurate his truce: £(/. 13 16, evcprjixeiu Xpv, when the renovated Demos is about to appear : J'ac. 96, eixprj/xeTu Xprj, when Trygaeus is starting on his beetle to the sky, etc. tira- KOV6IV — so most editors, with R and V; cf. 274. In my edition of I the Wasps I retained vwaKovei (318) wrongly, as I am now inclined to believe. vxaKovw is to listen to a request, answer a call, and the like. 'Solennis librorum confusio inter iiraKo^eiv et viraKoveiv ' (Blaydes). Dindorf however considers that iiraKOJjeiv is used rather of the gods hearkening to prayers than of men merely listening. 264. to Seo-iroT* dva| — so Bdelycleon addresses Apollo ( VesJI>. 875); and the servant of Trygaeus appeals to Zeus {Pac. 90). But Air and Ether are the Zeus of Socrates, and he prays to them, as Euripides, his brother infidel, invokes the Ether as one of his own divinities {Kan. 793). The editors cite the lines of Euripides (Fr. 836), bpS.'i Tov v\pov t6v8^ direipop aldepa, Kai yr]u Trepi^ ^X^''^' vypais ev d7/cdXaiS* TovTQV vSfJLL^e TtTJvUy t6v5' ijyov debu, which Cicero translates, Nat. deor. ii. 25, 65, vides sublime fusum, immoderatum aethera, qui tenero terram circumiectu amplectitur? hunc summum habeto divom, hunc perhibeto lovem. ?X,€iS Ti\v "yrjv |iCTecopov — the earth was in the centre of the universe, surrounded by the Air, which in its turn was surrounded by the Ether, •qui constat ex altissimis ignibus ' ; see Cic. Nat. deor. ii. 36, 91. i ixeT^upov is predicate with ^x^'^, ' boldest suspended in mid air.' 265. al0T]p — cf. 569: Ran. 892, where Euripides invokes aW-qp, ifibv ^6aKr}ixa. 266. Tw (j)povTi. 615. The KvvTj was mainly for country wear; of. Vesp. 445. Thus Laertes wore a goat-skin Kvprj when working on the farm, Hom. Od. xxiv. 231. In the city the Athenians went with heads uncovered. 269. iro\vTt|XT]TOi — a regular epithet of gods; cf. 293. Hence the joke in Ac/i. 759, Trap' a/xe iroXvTifxaTos q.Tr€p toI deot. T(58' els €iri8ei|iv — ' to show yourselves to this man.' Blaydes gives numerous instances of similar construction with dyeiv, eXdeiu etc. from Herodotus; and adds Eur. £/. 1236, is (j)avepav 6\piv ^alvovai ^poroiaiv. 270. clV K.T.X. — Socrates turns to each quarter of the heavens, invoking the clouds, like deities, to appear from wherever they may be. cir* *OXv(nrov...xi'OvopXTJTOKri — the summit of the Thessalian Olympus, the abode of the epic gods, is covered with perpetual snow. It is roughly speaking north of Athens. 271. *I2K€avov...KTjirots — the gardens of the Hesperides may be meant, Ocean ' the father of waters,' and of clouds, being especially the main sea in the far west beyond Atlas; or KijiroL may be used for 'realm.' Wrare — the regular word with xopoi;s; Dem. Afn'd. 530 § 15 etc. vufi<}>aus — for their delight, or in their honour. The suggested reading vv/ncpai, whether vocative or nominative, is very prosaic. 272. Ne^Xov irpox^oais — Aesch. SuppL 1025, "SelXov irpoxoas ae^cvfiev vfxvois. NetXoi; follows vdanov, or irpoxoo-h vdaruu together, the two words forming one idea. The poetic dative of place seems undoubtedly admissiljle in anapaests; XeiTrft 5' iwL as the scholiast says, Meineke however inserts ^v. For irpoxoais Dindorf reads irpoxoas dependent on dpvT€(Tde, on the authority of Suidas (on dpiireadai). But it seems very clumsy to talk of 'drawing the outflow of a river in golden pitchers.' Xpvore'ais is here an anapaest, according to Dindorf and Blaydes, but it may be a dissyllable ; see Lid. and Scott for the license of u. dpv- T€o-9€ — the Attic form. The word is, I think, used absolutely here, 'you are drawing (water),' but Lid. and Scott, like Blaydes and Merry, take it with vbaTwv as a partitive genitive; while Teuffel renders 'aus dem Wasser.' The rhythm of the line is against this view. irpoxoitriv — this form seems undoubtedly right, as the best manuscripts have Trpox^oKTiv, and irpSxovs is declined like vovs. The 3rd declension dative TTpoxovaiv, which is read by some here and Eur. /o/i 435, may be due to the false analogy o( x°^'^^^ (from x^^^^ X<'<^s)- 273. MaiwTiv X^nvtiv — the sea of Azov, due north-east of Athens. I. 281] NOTES 99 MifJiavTos — opos QpaKTjs, says the scholiast; but Horn. Od. iii. 172, 17 virepepde Xioto, irap rjueimdePTa Mt^uaj/ra, shows that it was a pro- montory in Ionia, east from Athens. 274. viraKova-an — 'hearken to my call,' appear, in answer to my prayer. Here vir- has the better manuscript authority. Dindorf, Meineke and others however prefer iiraKovcraTe, which is simply 'hearken.' The question is whether vwaKoijaaTe is an appropriate word to address to goddesses; see note on 263. viraKovo) is certainly used in entreaties to superiors, e.g. Ach. 405, where Dicaeopolls is supplicating Euripides ; see also line 360. rots icpoto-t xapciorai — ' pleased with our rites.' From the var. lect. Blaydes surmises that the right reading may be Toh lepeuai (paveXaaL, but, as he points out, xape^j is common in such invocations; e.g. Thcsm, 978, koI lla.i'a...&i'TOfxai...iTiy€\dcrai raTs Parodos of the Chorus. 275 — 290. The opening song and the corresponding Antistrophe (299 — 313) are heard behind the stage. The Clouds are perhaps dimly seen in the background, but the chorus does not fully come on till 328. 275. aevaoi — the epithet of waves and streams, and so of clouds which are drawn from them. 276. ap6(ii)p.€v — cf. dpdrjTe, 266. <|>vio-iv — 'form,' as in 503: so Fesp. 107 1 ; and often in tragedy. The accusative 'of i-espect' follows (pavepal. cvcLytitov — apparently 'bright,' a word not found else- where; see I.id. and Scott for evdyi^s and evciyrjs. Here the a must be long, as the ending of the line corresponds to evauSpov yciu, 300. Merry considers it the Doric form of evrjyrjTou [ijyeiadai) ' easily drawn.' Blaydes reads evdxv'oi', 'loud-sounding.' 280. iva — for oirov, according to the scholiast, ' where resting, we look,' etc.; but 'that,' according to Blaydes, who says we should otherwise have odev. The following verb d(popJ)fj.e9a proves nothing, as it may be either indicative or subjunctive. 281. TTj\€av€is (rKOTTids— Blaydes, following Green's suggestion, reads TrfKe(f>avovs a-Koirids, ' from a conspicuous height'; 'quomodo enim 7—2 loo THE CLOUDS [1. 282— (jKOTri.b.% prospicere apte dicantur Nubes, quae ipsae has (r/coiriaj oc- cupent?' and, as Mr Green says, more often aKOTrtd is the height /;w;/ which one looks. Still, from a mountain top the most striking thing is the sight of other peaks ; and the singularly beautiful verses as they stand give a glorious suggestion of a mountain view. 282. KapTTovs dp8o[i€vav — lit. ' watered as to its fruits (corn).' 283. KcXaS-rjfiaTa — Eur. Phoen. 212, Ze0i5/)oi; irvoi.ai^ . . .KoXKiarov 284. KcXdSovTa — an epic participial form, as if from Kt\a.ooi ( = -iw) : Horn. //. xviii. 576, Trap woTaixov KeXadovTa etc. 285. ofifia ■ydp — the sun is shining brightly, and the mists leave the waters and valleys to gather in the form of clouds round the mountain tops. For 6'(JL)Jia alOe'pos, 'the eye of heaven,' cf. Soph. AnL 104: Eur. /J>A. T. 194, icpas oixy^ ai)7as aXtos. So the noun is it/ctos oixixa [ib. 110), 60^aX|u6s, ^\e. 397 : Pau. 202. It is to be noted that the manuscripts mostly have the subjunctive, as in the present passage. Tpv"Yo8aifJLOV€S — a sort of compound of rpv^ {Tpi>yi{}Soi) and KaKoSai- /jioves, ' those wretched comedians,' who try to raise a laugh by low and unseemly jokes. 297. doiSais — 'with' or 'for' songs. Either construction with Kipeirai is strange, ' mira locutio' as Blaydes says. He accordingly reads delSfip, and suggests as possible do(56i', or doioau, in agreement with dewp. I. 312] NOTES loi Meineke and others adopt (Tfj.rji'o^ doidijs, with dewv dependent = ' raised by goddesses.' But 'a swarm of song' is an almost impossible phrase, even if it could mean a singing swarm, while 'a swarm of goddesses' is natural and simple. 300. Xiirapav — Xiwapai, 'bright,' was the cherished epithet of Athens, since Pindar first bestowed the title: Ac/i. 640, Tjvpero ttolv hv 5ia Tas \Lirapds, aavoi — the priests, the altar, and the victim were crowned with garlands. 310. iravToSairais €V oSpais — other cities had special seasons of sacred ceremony, but at Athens there was a perpetual round of feast and sacrifice : 8ia to irduras dprjCKevuv tovs deovs dvovat Kai iravTjyvpi^ovaiv del (schol.). Blaydes reads iravTo5airauxiv for TravTodairais eu, and makes a similar alteration in line 285. He observes ' librarii saepe praeposi- tionem iv inferserunt.' 311. iqpi T...BpojJtia \a.pi<5 — rijv irapovaav eoprrju Xeyet (schol.). The great Dionysia, 'the delight of Bromius' or Bacchus, were held in the month Elaphebolion in the early spring. The Clouds came out at this festival. eirepxoixt'vw — 'recurring': the form is rare: Aesch. Prom. 98, k-wepxbp-^vov : see Horton-Smith, Conditional Sentences p. 464, on the use of epxoiJ-o-t- in Attic Greek. 312. ep€6io-|iaTa— contests, lit. 'provocations,' the competition of rival choirs. >^ Of THE UNIVERSITY Of 102 THE CLOUDS [1. 314— 314 — 509. The Clouds having come al the Master's call amaze and terrify Strepsiades. He is taught the meaning of their changing forms, and learns that they alone are deities. In the end he surrenders himself to their teaching. 316. dv8pd(riv dpyois — poets and philosophers, says the scholiast, who deal with nothing but words ; ol yap dpyoi Kexn^o-O'i.v ets rds 317. Y^wP'T' — 'intelligence'; (TvvepoveZ Tjdr/, as the scholiast says. For ravra 'therefore,' cf. 335, 353 etc. 320. XcTTToXo'yeiv — ' refine.' Blaydes points out that we should expect the middle form, on the analogy of (rejxvoKoyeiadaiy iiiKpoKoydcdai etc., cf. 1496. The active form XewToXoyeiv is however found in Lucian, and Aristophanes has KaraXeirToXoyrjaei, Rait. 828. Kairvov— of fleeting nothings : Soph. Ant. 1171, Kairvov ipa'- ■yiSowxap'yoKOji.iJTas — from (r£vaKas — in apposition with the accusative before. The 'air-humbugs' are here the poets, as the following context plainly shows. For /Aerewpo^ej'a^ cf. fxeTeiopoaotpKTTds (360) : Plat. AV/. 488 E, /jt,€T€U)poaK6wou Te Kai ddoXecrxv • ^^' 489 C, tovs dxpW'f'ovs Xeyo- ixivovs Kai fierewpoMax^^ '• ^nd a number of like disparaging terms in Blaydes. 335. TavT* ap* — cf. 319. Now follow specimens or parodies of dithyrambic diction. o-Tptirrai-yXav — 'ray-turning hostile onset,' Tr]u (jTplipovffav ttji/ ai'YXa;' Kai d(paui^ovcrav (schol.), i.e. diverting and obscuring the sun's beams. 336. ir\oKdp.ous 6' — 'locks of hundred-headed Typho' ; clouds torn by whirlwinds. irptip-aivovo-as — connected with irpiqdw, Trp-qaTrjp, and formed like rerpeyuatVot (294). 337. acpias Siepas — these adjectives agree with P€e\as implied : 'then they called them {iiroiovv) airy, liquid.' Reisig reads depias dupds *of the moist atmosphere,' making depia a substantive: Meineke and others have depiovs diepovs, in agreement with olojuous. Yajivj/ovs — ' hooked fowls which swim in air,' i.e. they write of such, or actually called the clouds such names. 338. dvT* avTwv — ' in return for these ' the Clouds rewarded them with .sumptuous fare. Karcirivov — 'swallowed' generally. The poets were entertained by men of wealth, and in particular by the choregHS while the chorus w-as training. 339. K€o-Tpav — the Kecrrpa was a costly fish, and the banquet is a refined and dainty one. The Athenians generally were not great meat- caters but preferred fish and game. T€(Jtaxos is properly used of fish, not meat: £(/. 283, aprou Kai Kpeas Kai r^fiaxos. Ki\r]\a,v — 1. 352] NOTES los Doric for kl-)(\dvTOv — according to the scholiast this was Hieronymus, a dithy- rambic poet : cf. Ach. 389. 351. 2(|ia)va— satirized by EuiJolis also for peculation: in line 399 he appears as a perjurer. 352. Ti]v v(riv — 'speciem, figuram,' according to Blaydes, as in 505, and often. But here it is rather his nature (character), which io6 THE CLOUDS [1. 353— is represented by the shape taken by the Clouds. e-y^vovTo — i.e. they at once assume the shape of wolves : Vesp. 97, y\v i8rj y4 irov yeypa/j-iuL^uov vlbv UvpiXafxirovs eu Ovpq, Atj/xov KaXou, iu}v irapiypaxpe irXtjaiov Krjfibs koKos. These are not strictly gnomic aorists, implying repetition, but denote that the consequence follows the cause or occasion at once. 353. ravT* apa — cf. 319 etc. : ravra is repeated, as in 1052. K\€cSvv|jLov — a big coward, a perpetual butt of Aristophanes, AcA. 88 : £i.s (piXiovs Kai tovs TroXefiiovs. In peace and war alike Socrates glanced keenly and quietly from side to side; ravprjdbv UTTo/SX^^as (Hcnrep eiudei is said of him, Plat. Phaed. 1 1 7 B. 363. KawTToS-qTOs — cf. 103. Ka<}>' i^p,iv — 'in reliance on us,' or, 'on the strength of (your friendship with) us,' like Koixdv ewl rivi etc. (Blaydes). 364. w y-i], Tov <|>9e*y|AaT0S — cf. 153: Ac/i. 64, wK^drava, tov arXV/J-o-Tos. 365. <})Xvapos — 'nibbish': Lys. 860, \rjp6s iari rdWa wpos Kivrjaiauy 'to Cinesias,' i.e. compared with him. 367. TTOios Ztvs; — a contemptuous question, as in 247. ov |xi] X-r]pT](rcis; — see note on 296. 368. dTrovep67jXv€t — 'alios autem vivos amburit (i.e. salva vita) : quasi praecessisset tovs /xiv ' (Blaydes). Trepi^XCei 5^ eTTtTToX^s Kaiei (schol.), ' scorches.' 398. KpovCtdv 6t,n. d7ro\7?0^ej'Tes, 'iirena p7]yvvvT€$ (Sia to vecpos ^pourds re Kal dcTTpawas e^^cp-qpav. Kock adds the dictum of Metrodorus from Plut. Mor. 893 E, orav els vicpos Trewrjybs virb irvKvbT-qTos e^xiriarj irvevfia, rr} fxev dpavaei rbv kttjttov diroTekel rrj 8e irXrjyrj Kal ry ax'-<^l^i diavyd^eL. 405. vir dvaYK-qs — cf. 5C dvdyKrjv, 377. 406. \c^(t> <|>cpeTai oropapos — 'bursts out violently': /'////. 872, ws v el — 'this list of virtues that the chorus commends to Strepsiades represents just those that his contemporaries assigned to Socrates; Xen. Mem. i. 2, i : so Plat. Symp. 220 A, b' (Merry). So Diogenes Laertius (ii. 5, 27) says of Socrates, ol KcofKpdoiroiol Xavdduovaiu eavTod? 5t' uu crKibirToxxTLv iiraipovvres airbv. He cites the present passage, with sundry variations, which may be due to quoting from memory or, as Teuffel suggests, to his having the former edition of the Clouds before him. TO TaXaiirwpov — indifference to bodily needs was especially practised I and enjoined on his disciples by Socrates, whose own hardiness was proverbial. 417. Kal ■YV[jLva. Socr. 24 B, "LoiKpaTT} (p-qcriv ddtKeTv deovs ovs i] iroXis uo/xi^ei ov uofxi^ouTa. 424. TO Xttos TovTi — hitherto Strepsiades has been taught only the divinity of the Clouds. Now three powers are cited, as three are appealed to in 264, 5 and 627 : ' mos erat per tres deos, ut idoneum testium numerum, iurare ' (Blaydes). -yXwrTav — so Euripides in- vokes atdr]p ifxbu ^oaKTjfia Kal y\u}TT-r]s arpdcpiy^ {Ran. 892). 426. ov8^ o-irefo-aiix' — so Cobet, for oi'5' av of most editions. The second a.v is omitted Eq. 1057. tiriOeiTjv — Vesp. 96, XL^avojTou iinTideh vovp-i-jvlq.. 427. 8p(«>|iev — conjunctive, * what we are to do.' 430. CKaxov (TTaSCowriv — Riui. 91, Ei'ptTrtSou ir\e1v rj aTadicp \a\i(XT€pa. 432. ev Tw 8t]|jlu> — in the iKKX-qcria: Vcsp. 594, eV T

ovds — strictly the defendant's ' plea ' or rejoinder, but often used more generally: see Diet. Ant. iroXXwv raXdvTwv — 'worth many talents,' i.e. involving great sums. 475. d|ia (TTJ pcv£ — ' wishing to take counsel with you on matters meet for your great wisdom' (Green); cf. Ach. 8, a^iov yap 'EXXdSi: £«p« — of plans and means, Eur. ////. T. 112, Trdaas irpoaipipoi'Te fxrjxavds. Hearing of the ' engines ' which are to be 1. 497j NOTES 115 ' brought to bear ' on him Strepsiades cries out as if in fear of an armed assault: Thuc. ii. 58, i, fi-qxayas rrj UoTtoaiq, wpoaefpepov: ii. 76, 4, fxrixo-va^ Trpo(xrjyov ry TroXet. According to Poppo scaling-ladders are especially meant. 481. TtixofJiaxetv |i.oi — like fidxeffdai /j.oi. Teixo/xax<^v occurs three times in Thucydides, without a case following. 485. (txctXios — * poor wretch.' 487. diroo-Tcpeiv — Teuffel suggests that there may be a joke in diroar — ifmu { — \4yeLv). Meineke and Kock suspect the genuineness of 486, 7 : Green puts them after 488. 488. d|j.€'\€i — cf. 42-2. 489. dyi vvv oirws K.T.X. — Ach. 253, 07' oTrws...olL(X€is: Goodwin §273. irpopdXw— Socrates means *proi)ound'; in which sense wpo^aXelis perhaps the true reading FesJ>. 21, as suggested by Green. The word is also used of throwing things to a dog, ' when I drop you a scrap of wisdom'; cf. Fesp. 916. With the following v<|>ap7racr€t, ' snap up,' this naturally suggests kvvti86v. 493. 8€'8oiKd (Dpao-(i>v — searchers for stolen goods had to leave their clothes behind, that they might not carry property in with them and then pretend to have found it : Plat. /e^-g. 954 A, (pcjpav au ideXy tLs tl Trap oTtpoOv, yv/iivos rj X'TWJ'i'cr/coj' ^X^^> d^waros k.t.X. 503. Tt]V <|>\)ri or wStj, 563 — 574: iiripp-rjfia, 575 — 594: avTiarpocprj or avTOodri, 595 — 606: dvTeTrtpprjfjLa, 607 — 626. 510 — 517. — TOVTO 8ta TO elcrdyecrdai tov xopov ^^lovrtou tuv vTroKpirQv ovofjid^eTai Kopwvls (schol.). KOfx/xdriou is the usual term. It was sung as the chorus were turning to face the audience. 510. ctXX' l'9i \aCpv(riv aviTOv — so 905, tov iraTip avTov : Pac. 880. tt]v avTou (pvaiv is the usual order, but -f] (pijais avTov, ifxov etc. : see 905, and my note on Thuc. V. 71, I. \p6s — used, like 5e^t6j, of good taste and judgment and refinement in the poet and the critic. 523, TrpwTovs — instead of producing the play elsewhere, in the ii8 THE CLOUDS [I. 524— Piraeus for instance or in Aegina, or perhaps at the rural Dionysia ; v|ids being the audience at the great Dionysia. dva-ycvo-* vjaoIs — *to give you a taste of it'; 'a second taste' might seem implied from the composition of the word, which is not found elsewhere ; but this does not agree with e?r dvexi^povu. The cognate aur77i/ is implied : cf Eur. Cyc/. 149, jSot^Xet ire yevaio irpQ)Tov dKparov fj,edv ; ttoti^w is constructed in the same way. 524. ilr — 'and after all'; 'cum indignatione dictum, ut in 1214' (Blaydes). vir* dvSpcov «j>opTiK<5v — the converse of (ro(p6s and de^ids, boorish, vulgar, illiterate. Some authorities understand the judges, others the rival poets. I rather incline to the latter view, as Aristophanes often complains of ^opros and (popriKa in other people's plays, while it would not be judicious to call the judges or the audience (popriKol. 5'26. TttvT* iTTpay\iaT€v6\i.r\v — ' I took all this trouble.' 527. ou8* «s — not even after this defeat. 528. ev6d8'— in this same theatre. ols r\Sv Kal X^-yciv — *to (before) whom it is a pleasure even to speak,' i.e. to perform, even without a victory. This is the scholiast's explanation, and there is no variation of reading. The sense however is not very clear, and oU X^yeip is not common Greek for vpbs ovs or Trap' ols. Blaydes suggests ofJs, Herwerden oTaLv SIktjs /xAet, while Kock proposes xj/iyeii' for 529. 6 ard^poiv K.T.X. — 'my Modest Man and my Rake'; cha- racters in the AaiTaXijs, the poet's first play, B.C. 427. TrpujTov dpd/xa ypdxpas, auxppou fxeipaKiou eicrdyei kuI 'irepov dxprjaTOv (schol.). dpicrr* TJKOvcrdTqv — €v5oKl/x7]aaVf 'won high praise'; the play however only took the second place. 530. KouK €|t]v— either he had not attained full citizenship, and so could not apply for a chorus in his own name (Teuffel), or it was his own prudence and modesty that kept him back : £(/. 545, ffuxfypovLKCis KOVK duo7]TU}laydes). 5i?>- **^ TovTOu — ' since then,' e^ utov, 528. irap* v|iiv — ' with you,' in your minds. We should rather expect Trap' v/^ilov, which many ]. 549] NOTES 119 editors adopt. -yvwiiiis opKia — 'pledges of good judgment,' or of appreciative feeling : 6pKta iricrTd is a regular Homeric expression, 534. 'HXtKTpav KttT €K€ivT]v — 'like Electra in the play': J^an. 463, Kad' 'Hpa/cX^a. iKeivrju, ?7/am, the well-known character. Note the omission of the article with a proper name. 536. •YVaXaKpovs — Aristophanes was bald, and his rivals apparently made a jest of it. Eupolis at any rate, according to the scholiast on 554, claimed to have 'helped the bald man to write his Knights ' ; and we find in the Peace a good-humoured vindication of the credit which Aristophanes had won for the bald-headed tribe {Pac. 765 sq.). el'XKvo-ev — either 'danced,' dai/xvojs (ipx^c^^TOf as in Pac. 328, €v tovtL fjt! 'iaaov eXKdaat : or 'brought in,' eiarjyayev, cf. 553. Aristophanes vindicates the dignity and refinement of his own plays in contrast to the buftoonery of others in a somewhat similar passage in the Wasps, 55—66. Mr Green notes that ' in his later plays, Aristophanes certainly did much of what he here blames in the other comic writers. He seems to have started with an idea of reforming the public taste, which he found a task impossil)Ie, and so had to give in.' 541. 6 Xc'ywv TOLirt] — i.e. in the dialogue, as opposed to the choral songs. Some particular incident is doubtless meant ; in a play of Eupolis, says the scholiast, or of Hermippus, 54'2. d4)avi?wv — 'concealing,' or 'carrying off' as we say ; irepiKa- XvTTTUu ry 7AwTt Kal ry Traidia (schol.). 543. ov8' €lo-Ti^€ — rJTis is the subject, the two lines before being parenthetical. SaSas — we have however a torch in line 1492, and cries of 10^ there and at the beginning of the play. The scholiast says that these were not introduced in the first edition of the Clouds ; and adds that Aristophanes brings in such things in their proper places, /teri X670U' ohroi. 8^ aKalpus. 545. ov KOjiw — ov jxiya (ppovu), with a joking allusion to his own baldness: xapi^i^rws 8e X^7et eirel cpaXaKpos rju (schol.). Compare the passage in the H^asps, 1022, dpdels 5e fxiyas k.t.X. : and note on 14. 549. \iiyi(nov ovra — Cleon was ' at the height of his power ' and popularity after his success at Pylos in 425, when Arisloj^hanes assailed him fiercely in the Knights. ^iraio-* €S tt]v -Yao-Tepa — Eq. 273, yaarpl^ofMai : 454, TraT' avTou Kal ydarpii'e. I20 THE CLOUDS [1. 550— 550. KovK tT6X}j,T]o-* — ' I wasn't hard enough' (Merry). cirefj.- iniSTJo-ai — Soph. Aj. 1348, ov yap davovTi Kal irpocrefi^TJuai ce XPV y KtifJicvw— meaning, I think, 'when I had got him down.' Most editors however take it to refer to Cleon's death. He never met with a pohtical downfall. We find the poet again in the Wasps (62) disclaiming a further attack on Cleon ; but he scarcely kept his word, though he did not repeat the sustained and organised assault of the Knights. 551. irape'SwKev XaPrjv — Eq. 841, \o.^r\v b^dcoKe : with evdiddvai, ib. 847 : Lys. 671 : so ansa, ansas dare (Cic). 'YTre'pPoXos — a lamp-seller {Eq. 739), who was now the demagogue of the day, and a sort of second-rate Cleon : see note on Vesp. 1007. 552. SetXaiov — predicative, as in line 12. KoXcrpwo-* — Acara k6\ov TUTTTovai, KaraiTaTovaL (schol.). ti^v |xriT€pa — contemptuously mentioned, Thesni. 840. 553. EuTToXis K.T.X. — Eupolis, the contemporary and rival of Aristophanes, put on the stage the Maricas, in which he attacked Hyperbolus and his mother. Aristophanes complains that it was an adaptation, and a bad one, of his Knights. The Maricas appeared in 421, two years after the Clouds, which shows that we have here a passage belonging to the second Clouds. Trap€£XKvo-€v — ets rh dea- Tpov elarjyayev (schol.): Trapd perhaps suggests awkwardness and force, Mugging in' (Green). Liddell and Scott say 'spun out.' 554. cKpvvixos — Phrynichus the comic poet is meant, according to the scholiast ; he seems to have travestied the tragic Andromeda, who was exposed to a sea monster. Possibly however an Andromeda of the tragic Phrynichus is alluded to. 557. "EpixiTTiros — a comic writer of the time of Pericles. In his play of the Baking-7vovicn he falls foul of Hyperbolus and his mother. €iro£Tj]v avifuav, 567. noxXeuTTJv — 'upheaver'; cf. 1397. Poseidon was ^j'oa-i'x^w, Ivvoaiyat.os, the lord of earthquakes as well as of storms: Ach. 510, celaas TloaeidCov. 570. al0€pa — see 264. The scholiast says that the a-qp is here meant, 6 70,^ ald7]p a.vi(pe\os, koI ^Lodpiixfxujp 6 drjp, ovx aid-qp, 571. iTrirovwji.av — rbv pufiuiPTa rb apfia (schol.); the sun-god : the form occurs Soph. Aj. 232 : Eur. ////>. 135. 572. KaTc'x^ci — 'fills,' 'pervades.' 575 — 594. epirrhema, recited by the leader of the chorivs. The Clouds complain that they are not duly honoured for their good will and good service to the Athenians. 575. w o-0(})WTaTOi — cf. Pac. 603, c5 aocXov(rais — Blaydes adopts the reading of R, (hcpeXoOaat as a pendent nominative. 579. ^|o8os — 'expedition'; P(7C. 1 181, avpLov 8' ^ad' i] '^odos. 580. PpovTw|ji€v — thunder and rain were ominous, and stopped proceedings in the assembly, cf. Ac/i. 169, 122 THE CLOUDS [1. 582— d7ra7opeyw /i^ iroieiu iKKXrjaiau TOts Gpa^t Trepl fiicrdov, Xeyu 5' v/xlu on dioarjfxla '(xri Kal pavh ^^^Xr]K€ /xe* so in case of an earthquake, Thuc. v. 45, 4 : 50, 4. 582. iivix* "npeio-Gc pvs — P/u/. 756, d(ppds ^vwqyov €crKv6pu)ira^6u d' afia. 583. Kdiroiovjicv 8€ivd — cf. note on 388. Ppovri) 8' — from the Teiicer of Sophocles (Frag. 507). The thunder bursts through where the lightning has cloven a path. 584. tj o-eXijvTj — according to Teuffel there was an eclipse of the moon in Oct. 425 ; which was not the time of Cleon's appointment. An eclipse certainly seems meant by e^eXtiirc, which is the regular word ; as in Thuc. ii. 28, 6 ijXios e'|At7re. 6 8' tjXios k.t.X. may however only mean that the sun was obscured by storms. Of course the two eclipses could not occur close together. 586. (rTpaTT]Y'»lo-€i — Blaydes reads aTpaTryyi^aoi, the future optative representing the simple future in reported speech after a past tense, as ska// becomes shoic/d. The indicative however is often retained in such cases ; see Goodwin, § 689. 588. irpoo-tivat — 'belongs to,' is a constant quality. The legend was that Poseidon when defeated by Athene in the contest for the patronage of the new city laid on the Athenians the curse of perpetual ill-counsel ; but Athene turned the curse into a blessing, by decreeing that their ill counsels should always turn out well : cf. Ecc/. 473. This became proverbial, \ey6jxepov einx^P'-^^^ (schol.). 590. TOVTO — Cleon's election. Being in office he can he arraigned for peculation. |vvo£(r€i — may turn out well, profit. 591. Xdpov — E(/. 956, \dpos ^-e%7;;'u)s eTri Terpas 8y]/j.r)yopu}u is the device on Cleonymus' ring. A greedy parasite is described as treivCovTL \dpu) opuidi eoi/fti?, Athen. 134 § 13. 8(dpa)V IX6vt€S— F''*/. 1207, eiXov Xoidopias. 592. Tip IvXw — £t/. 1049, S^trai TrePTeavpcyyi{} ^vXu): Lys. 680, TiTpriiihov i^vXov : a wooden frame with five openings to confine the neck and hands and feet ; Diet. Ant. veri'KS. The Kixpiou, Pint. 476, held the neck. 1. 6o4] NOTES 123 593. es Tdpx.aiov — 'in statum piistinum'; Eg. 1387, es Tctpxata 5t/ Kadia-ra/jiai. In construction the words are loosely connected with the following line, and particularly with ^vvolaeTai. d rt Kalt]- jjidpT€T€— if you did err at all. 594. Iirl TO P€\Tiov...|vvo£i (Jioi— sc. 'ipa(rai — with the following xa^P^i-v, 'to bid you hail'; Pint. 322, xatpf'^' '^■,"<^s 7r/30(ra7opei'ei»'. 609. irpftJra jie'v — followed by eira without 5e, a common form, with a slight anacoluthon in the construction. In 612 it is followed by dXXa T*, with a similar anacoluthon. tois |v[i|idxois — who would be present at the great Dionysia {Ach. 502). 61 1, ov Xo-yois — not like the orators and demagogues. 612. TOV flT|v6s Ach. 859, ToD tXT]VQ% eKaCTTOV. OVK ?XaTTOV T| 8pax|ATiv — cognate accusative, sc. uxpeXovaa. 614. air]s is read in most manuscripts, but creX-q- vaia, like 'Adrjvaia, is the old Attic form. Some manuscripts have (T€\i]va7ov, but the substantive is much more in place. 615. vjids 8* OVK d-ytiv— nine or ten years before Meton the as- tronomer had endeavoured to improve the system by which the solar and lunar year were harmonised, all religious festivals being regulate*.! by the lunar year. The details are clearly summarised in Dr Merr)'s edition of the Clouds ; and further particulars may be found in Diet. Ant. cahndariiim. It does not appear that Meton's changes were formally adopted by the state, but some modifications of the calendar were plainly introduced about this time. There is a somewhat similar complaint implied, Pac. 414. 616. Kv8oi8oirdv — avvrapo-TTeiv, ciTro roP \-i'5ot/.to? (schol.) : Pac. 1152, x-d\i'5ot567ra, of a 7a\^ stealing things. 618. \|/€V(r0«}=^crKdX\it}, to dig {Ecc/. 611): or, according to the scholiast, from aKa\{eLKd-ev/xa) and ddvp/xa-aTiou, 'a toy, trifle.' 631. ojAws yi lA'ijv — so 822. 632. KaXcu — future, as in 452. 633. ^let — = €^i.di. Blaydes takes it as indicative and prints a question, 'will you come out?' tov do-KdvTi]v — i.e. the aKifj-irovs of 254 and 709. 635. dvvcras ti — cf. 506. l8ov — 'there,' taking the place of a pupil. 638. eiroiv — not verses but words, their right use and form, which Protagoras and Prodicus insisted on. Their opOoeweia is illustrated 658 sq. 639. ^vttYxos — £ccL 823 : this word is always attached to past tenses. It never occurs in tragedy, vewari being used {JVe7a Phryni- chiis, p. 70). 640. •irap€K0ir7]v — 'I was defrauded': E(j. 807, oiW ayaddv irapeKdiTTOv : id. 859. StxoiviKW must be explained as instrumental, ' by means of, in the matter of, a two-pint measure.' Blaydes adopts dixoifiKov, a regular construction ; but the dative can be justified by such passages as Thuc. iv. 73, 4, t^ §e\TlaTi^ rod ottXitikov p\a to-xo- ^' o.v, 'perhaps you might,' is adopted by many editors. 1. 6691 NOTES 127 648. irpos TaX<|>iTa — cf. 176, 'to get my living.' Sliepsiades may also refer to his dealings with the d\0ira/iot/36s (640). 649. irpwTov |Ji€V — there is no answering 5e' or eira, as Socrates is interrupted. clvat is loosely constructed, ' tamquam praecessisset StSdloyo-t' (Klaydes). kojxxJ/ov—' refined, neat.' The word is sometimes used in a good sense, sometimes in contempt. Here the meaning is that Strepsiades would learn to speak in company with grace and proper modulation. In Plato's Republic (400 b) there is a discussion on the rhythms which should be chosen as tending to propriety of life and speech. 651. KttT* evoirXiov — sc. pvdixbv, what is the rhythm of the war tune : cl5os pvdfj.oO irpbs 8u CipxovvTo creiofTes to, oTrXa (schoL). Kara SaKTvXov — ' dactylic' 653. Tis dXXos — Strepsiades as usual misunderstands, and points first one finger then another at Socrates in a vulgar derisive way. dvTi — 'instead of,' i.e. but, except; implying comparison and pre- ference: cf. note on ViesJ>. 210. 654. irpo Tov — cf. 5. There seems something wrong about this line ; jj.iv has nothing to answer it, and the sentence does not run clearly. 'Versus fortasse interpolatus ' (Blaydes). 655' wt^pe— the penultimate is short, as in Vesp. 1504, 1514. 657. TOV dSiKwraxov — Blaydes reads tov adiKou tovtov as in ij6; Meineke suggests tov ddiKWTepov. 659. aTT* icrXv dpOws cLppiva. — Cope on Arist. A'/iel. iii. 5, 5, calls Protagoras' classification of nouns the earliest attempt at Greek grammar. 661. dXcKxpvwv — after the mention of this singular 'quadruped' Bentley suspects that two lines are lost, containing a fresh (jueslion from Socrates and a list of female creatures in answer, also ending with dXeKTpvwv. This form served for either gender, as we see from Fragments 80 and 237 : Blaydes also cites Phrynichus p. 228, X^e 5^ d\€KTpv^v Kal eiri 6r]\eos Kai iwl dppevos, ws ol TraXaioi. 662. irdo-xeis — nearly =:7roie£S, ' what folly you let yourself utter.' 663. dXcKTpvova — Person suggested the contracted form dXcKTpvQ to avoid the concurrence of five short syllables. Blaydes read /cat TavTo for Kara ravro. 666. dXcKTpvaivav — on the analogy of Xewv Xiaiva, depdwiov depd- iraivay and various proper names. This form never came into use ; dXeKTopis is quoted from Aristotle. 669. 8iaXiTw(r(i> K.T.X. — as we might say, ' I'll fill your sack with flour,' a suitable offer from a farmer ; cf. 1 146. 128 THE CLOUDS [1. 670— 670. I80V |id\' av0is— so Pac. 5 etc. rqv KapSoirov appcva K.T.X. — the point is tliat KapSovos being a feminine word has no business with a masculine ending in os. 674. TavTov Suvarai — 'is equivalent'; qua masculine termination they stand on the same footing. povpas qiSwv— the sound of (ppovdos suggests this phrase. The sentry proverbially 'sings on his watch' to keep himself awake, like the watcher in Aesch. A^. 16. Strepsiades 'means that instead of sleeping he cries out as he is bitten by the Kdpeis ' (Merry). The genitive . 829, oXiyov fx' awioXeaa^. 723. ovTOS rC iroicis; — Socrates comes back, to see about his pupil's progress. In 732 he does just the same; and, as Teuffel points out, this scene is full of such inconsistencies and repetitions. Teuffel therefore assigns verses 700 — 706 and 731 — 739 to the fust edition of the Cloxids-, 691—699, 707 — 730 and 740— 745 to the second. 726. diroXwV dpr^ws — so the threat of dTroXtl comes too late. 727. iiaXGaKKTT^ — Plat. Ale. i. 124 U, ovk aTroKnjT^ou ov8^ fiaXOa- Kiarlov, (3 tTOLpe. For the plural cf. Ac/i. 39^, (Sadiar^a: ib. 480, ifiiropevT^a. Strepsiades is to face the K6peis bravely, veiled like a neophyte initiated in the school of Pythagoras (Blaydes). 729. diraioX-qfji' — Aesch. Choeph. 1002, ^ivtav aTraioXTjfia : Eur. /on 549, TovTo Kdfi' diraioXei ' puzzles.' As Mr Green says, ' the first sense would probal)ly be to dazzle or confuse by quick motion, as one might do by sleiglit of hand: cf. pracstigiae, fraestrini^t'ie.'' 'Quickly moving' is the primary sense of aioXos. ciripdXoi k.t.X. — 'invest me with — an aptitude for fleecing.' 730. «! dpvaKt8(a)V — as if the dpvaKls were ct)nnected with apveladai. YV(0)iT]v — 'plan, device.' dirop6v€i cf. 225. 742. Siaipuv — 'division' of genus into species, /car' etdr] OLatpelaOai TO. oPTa {IMat. Phacdr. 273 e), was essential for true reasoning. ol'(iOL TttXas — 'a cimicibus morsus exclamat ' (Blaydes). 743. ?x' ciTptp-a see note on 261. kolv diropfis ti — a mere repetition of the itU-a in 702. 744. Ti]V •yv(up,T]v...avT6 — a disputed sentence, the cpiestion being about the accusatives. Reiske cuts the knot by reading ttJ yvdb/xr}, and many editors approve. Still on the whole I think Dindorf's view the best, that avrd kuI i^vyudpiaou is put for Kal ^vyibOpiaov avrd. There are instances of such an order, e.g. Pac. 417: and this view avoids altering tt]^ yvu/xrjv k'lvt](tov, which seems certainly right. 'Stir up your mind' is natural, but 'stir it up,' start it, 'in your mind' (i.e. t5 vb-qixa, your idea), is not so pro])able. For suggested alterations see the critical note. ^vYoi.TO — ' if a suit were entered against you.' This is a true and reasonable passive; but 7pd0o/iai is usually middle, 'to indict.' Hence Blaydes' note, 'corrigendum existimabam TrevTeTdXauTOP ris 8lKt}i>, sed obstat dalivus aoi, dicebant enim ypdcpeadai rtva (non tivl) bU-qv.' We may add that, though a ypa(f)ri could be called a diKr) in a general sense, ypd(po/xai blKrjv is not a customary phrase, and could not be used of bringing a civil action (Xa7xa»'«»' biK-qp), which is meant here. 759. oirws av — cf. 776. 761. ^r\ vvv — a repetition of the advice in 740, as Mr Green rightly notes. What Socrates fears is narrowness and self-centred thought, and he enjoins a freer and wider range. 762. diroxaXti — compare what Socrates says, 227 sq. 763. Xiv68€Tov...Tou TToSos — 'tied to a thread by the foot': Hom. //. xxiii. 853, TreXeta;/ dqaeu wodos: Hdt. v. l6, Tratdla deovai tov irodbs awdpTui: cf. FcS/). 569, for gen. with eX/cw. cio-irep ht]XoX6v6t]v — as the cockchafer was tied to a thread, so the thought was to have its flight but not to stray beyond control. 766. T]8T]...l6paKas — cf. 370. <}>apjJiaKO'irwXats — the sellers of precious stones, says the scholiast, were anciently called (pap/jLaKoiruXat, as .> uch stones had occult virtues. Rather perhaps stones of magic or medical value would naturally be kept by (pap/jLaKoirioXau 768. vaXov — a crystal lens: Kuster quotes Plin. A\7f. Flist. xxxvii. 10, 28, invenio apud medicos quae sint urenda corporum non aliter utilius uri putari quam crystallina pila adversis opposita solis radiis. 770. oiroTfi ■YPp ra Xeyd/xeva ev tois btKais as the scholiast says, and the verb would be ypau), not ypdcpofxai. ypdcpofxai is to get written, or to write for one's own use. The technical ypdipofxai Tiva, ' I indict a man,' is literally ' I get his name entered ' for trial, and is properly used of the prosecutor. Thus Dem. Dionys. 1284, I. 782] NOTES 133 § 6, avyypafprjv iypdypavro is 'they had a bond drawn up': Ves/>. 537, fivnixbcrvva ypd\po/j.ai, ' I will make notes (for my own use)'; so id. 576. We should expect oTro're ypd(f)OL rots 5t\as, as the sense of the line is general, the particular case coming in afterwards. 772. TO, 7pdftnaTa^the actual letters, or the entry generally, on the waxed tablet: see Diet. Ant. tabulae. 773- ^ ''■as XdptTas — the device being clever and pretty, Xapirwu yap epya Kal 8Qpa ao(pla. The scholiast also says that a sculpture of the Charites was a work of Socrates himself in his early days ; but this reminiscence is somewhat out of place. ol')jLoi, which is more often used in sorrow or indignation, here expresses joy. 774. SiaYCYpaTTTai — 'cancelled,' lit. 'crossed out'; Dem. Z^/A 501, § 1 45, Treiadels viro aov dieypdifaTo. 775. ^uvapiracrov — 'take in': Soph. Aj. 16, ^vuapirdi^u} (ppevi. Here there seems the same idea as in v(papTrdaei 490. 776. oTrws dv — 'how you might'; see Goodwin, §330. For the reading see the critical note, and of. 759. Attic usage is against the 2nd sing. opt. in -(raty, which should be -aeias: so in Ves/>. 819, Brunck proposed ei' tpwj eKKOfxlaeia^ for eKKOfxiaais: see Neiu Phrynichus p. 439. Whatever the reading, the question was how to rebut an adverse judgment, which Strepsiades might incur from want of evidence on his side. The scholiast supposes him here to be in danger of the penalty for bringing an unsupported accusation. dvTiSiKwv — participle. 777. 6()>\T](r€iv — so 34: Aesch. Ag. 534, 6av\dTaTa — i.e. most easily: see note on Xoyicrai 0ai'\wj, 'calculate roughly,' Fesp. 656. Kal Si] Xiyu — Az'. 175, ^\€\pov koltu). En. Kai dr) /SXcttw. Strepsiades is now quite elated, and confident of his cleverness. 779. €V€ vo/jloi' Kai eiaayayovTes els v/j-ds, the offending vo/mos is to be indicted and brought into court liy the prosecutors. 783. vQ\tis—. 421 E, where 5(5a^erat is used of the teacher, Cobet reads didd^ei. 785. aTT* dv Kttl jid0T)s — 'whatever you /lave learned': Thuc. iv. II, 4, €1 Trrj Kai ooKolrj bvvaTov dvai (rxecf, if at any point it die/ seem possible to land. 787. tC jJievToi — jiivTOL is often used in a question, like our 'why, what was it?' 788. ji.aTTO|i€0a— trying to recollect his lesson about rapSoTros and Kap56irr], 670 sq. Elaydes reads 'fiarTo/xeda, which may be right, as referring to the time when the lessen was given. 789. ovK €S KopaKas diro0€p€i ; — so E^. 892: Fac. 500, ovk e$ KopaKas epprjcrere ; 790. liriXiio-noTaTov— as if from iiriXiqafxos. Eur. Hec. 569 has ev(TxrilJ-(^s, but eijcrxvfJ'-os is actually found. 792. diro ydp 6Xov|JLai — so 1440: Fes/>. 780, dvd to'l /xe ireideLS. 'Y\wTTOorTpo(})€iv — A'an. 892, yXcoTTrjs arpocpiy^. 798. dXX' ouK €0eXek ^dp — cf. Vap. 318, d\\' ov yap olus t ^t e'lfx" q.beLv, tL TTOf^crw; ti •ird0(o = what am I to do? Av. 1432, tL yap TtdOo); (TKdirTeLv yap ovk iiri(XTafj.aL. 800. evTrreptov — 'well-feathered,' might imply 'vigorous' as Mr Green suggests; or it may be 'high-flying,' vTeprftpou'ojv, fieya (ppovovaQv, or evyevGiv (schol.). 803. This verse is practically repeated in 843, and is therefore struck out here by Kock and Meineke. 1. 822] NOTES 135 805 — 12. * While Strepsiades is gone after his son, the Chorus congratulate Socrates on the advantages he will get out ot" his dupe, advising him to make hay while the sun shines' (Green). The ode may have been consistent with the first Clouds \ see note on 723. It is scarcely in agreement with what goes before as we now have it, for Strepsiades was not bidden by Socrates to fetch his son, but simply to take himself off, nor was he an eager scholar, but a rejected dunce. 810. dvSpds — the genitive is probably governed by airokaxpeLS, but it might be absolute. CKircirXTj-yiievov — 'excited,' rather than 'amazed' or ' bewildered ' : so in Thuc. v. 66, r, ^eT\ayr](Tav ' were excited ' : id. vii. 43, 6, iKireTrXrjyfxhoi: iv. 14, 3, virb irpoOvfJiias Kal iKirXrj^eojs. 811. -yvovs — 'seeing (this),' i.e. seizing the occasion. diroXa- \|;€iS — lit. 'you must lap up from him,' i.e. make the most out of him you can. The proper Attic future is \d\}/ofiai, as shown Pac. 885, €K\d\l/eTai, but the active form might stand in a chorus. The scholiast however gives diroXexf/eis, ' you will skin': while a few manuscripts have dTro\av(rei^, which suggests Hermann's diroXavcrais, as the future is drro- Xaijao/xai : see Al'eru Phrynichus p. 393 and 409. 814. Strepsiades comes on the stage with his son, threatening to turn him out of doors if he will not go to school, ovtoi k.t.X. — cf. Vesp. 1442, ov Toi fid TTjv Ar]fji.y]Tp 'ir ivravOl /xeveis. Here Strepsiades swears by Mist, in imitation of the master, cf. 627. 815. dXX' ^o-0i*...Kiovas — the traditional explanation is that Megacles had wasted his fortune on his horses, only the pillars of his hall attesting his former magnihcence. But is there any evidence of this? In lines 70 and 124 Megacles is the splendid noble; and the meaning may be 'get what you can from your uncle's pillars,' i.e. in his palace or his stable-yard. 817. (id Tov ACa — the final a in Aia is lengthened by metric stress: Meineke reads fxd tov At' ov. 818. 180V -y* I80V — repeating his words in contempt: Eg. 87, l^o6 7' &KpaTov : ib. 344, i5oi> X^yeiu. ttJs (iwpCas — cf. 153. 819. TO Aia vojit^ttv — for the construction see 268: for voixl^oj 'to acknowledge, believe in,' cf. Xen. Mem. i. i, i, oOs y] ndXis vofxl^ei deovs ov yofii^uiu, part of the indictment of Socrates. 820. lyi\apovcis — Ves/>. 507, (ppouQv rvpav- viKa. 822. o|ji«s "Y^ H^'Hv — so 631. 136 THE CLOUDS [I. 824— 824. o-rrws Se — the caution is an echo of 143. For the construction of. 1 177 and 1464. The greater number of examples are in the colloquial language of Aristophanes (Goodwin § 271 sq.). The earliest instance is Aesch. Fi'om. 68. 825. I80V — approaching, as ordered: so 255. 829. aipot— 7cXa)»' \iyei (schol.), in contemptuous disgust ; cf. 102. 830. 6 Mt]\ios — Diagoras of Melos was reputed an atheist, so Socrates is here called the Mclian. 831. Tcl \|/u\\<3v I'xvT] — see 144. 832. Twv p.avn5v — Blaydes reads To. 386. 853. Tovs 7T]Y€v€is — 'those .Sons of Earth' (Merry). They were enemies of the gods, like the Giants and Titans, and moreover they dwelt underground (508). 854. o Ti fiddoifj.' — optative of indefinite frequency. 855. €ir€Xav0avop.T]v av — iterative, see note on 54. Some manu- scripts here omit du and have tCoj/ irCiP. 857. KaTair€(j)pdvTiKa — 'I have thought it away': £(/. 1352, KaTafxi(ydo(})oprj(raL tovto, to spend it all on fees. 858. iroi—Vies/'. 665, TTot Tpiirerai rd xp^/^ara; T€'Tpo<|>as — perfect of TpeTTW : so apparently Soph. Track, loog, di'aTeTpo. 1280, 6vfjL0(T0(piKu}- rarou. 878. ov — in agreement with iraiSapiou. Blaydes shows by many examples that ou and wv are equally right in this construction: cf. 917. TvvvouTovt — 'only so big,' dcLKTiKuis (schol.): jRan. 139, iv -irXoiapicp TVVVOVTlpi. 879. ^irXaTTev k.t.X. — cf. Ilor. Sat. ii. 3, 247, aedificare casas. 881. irws 8oK€is — lit. 'how think you?' here printed without a question as it has lost its interrogative foixe. Ach. 24, cicrrioOj^rai ttws SoKds dWrfKoKTLV. so ttcGs oUi, Ran. 54. 883. This line is repeated from 113: Dobree would omit it here. Meineke and others consider the next line spurious. 885. iraoTT) T€xv[i — 'Ijy all means'; so 1323: Ecj. 592 etc. 887. dir€o-op.ai — Meineke follows Bentley in reading dtreiin as in Them. 277. (Jt€'|ivT]. 1483: /^a/i. J 01 8. Dr Blaydes has a full collection of instances of the use of Kal 8t], 'even now,' nearly equivalent to -^St/. It is also used for •granted that'; as in Vi'sJ>. i'224, kul drj yap ei/x eyoj KXetov, 'suppose me to be Cleon.' 907. x^P^^'is advancing, spreading.' X€KdvT]v — XeiVei to Xva ifxeau) (schol.): cf. Ac/i. 583. 90S. Tvos — Telephus was Euripides' pet character, or at any rate Aristophanes' pet butt, as a hero in rags with a mouth full of philosophical talk ; see Ac/i. 430 sq. 924. Yvw|j.as...IIav5€X€T€tovs — Pandeletus, says the scholiast, avKo- (pdvTtjs rjv KoX (piKodiKos, ypdcpoiv xpTjcplcrp-aTa. The ddiKos \6yos battened on his rascally 'maxims' or 'resolutions.' 926. -qs €|ivi](r6T]S — 'which you speak of,' i.e. the cleverness of Telephus and Euripides. The first oifj.01, therefore expresses admiration or regret. 929. Kpovos — cf. 928. 935. cirCSdlai (TV T€...T€ — so Ves/>. 452, dXX' ci^es fxe Kal cv Kal ffv. 938. KpCvas 4)oiTa — may decide on his master. 945. T]v dva-ypvlri — 'if he utter a sound'; cf. 963: Eq. 294, d ri ypv^eis: Vesp. 373, kdv ypv^rj ti. 1. 97o] AZOTES 141 948. viro Twv — see critical note; Meineke's suggestion is meant to avoid the repetition of virb. 949 — 60. The chorus exhorts the champions to do their best in view of the mighty issue at stake. 949. irio-vvw — Vesp. 385, vixtv iriavvos: Pac. 84, p^iiri iria-vfos. 950. "YVwjJioTvirois (i€pC|JLvais — 'maxim-coining cares': A'a/;. 877, dv8pQv yvidfioTUTTivu : Thesm. 55, yviaixorvirei. 955. dvtiTai — 'is let loose, is started,' a metaphor from hounds let loose, is Mr Green's rendering. But does this go well with kCvSvvos ? The scholiast says KeTrai, didorai' vdv TrpoKeirai Tjfxlv virep airaa-r)^ t^s ao. 546; /^an. 1004. 960. pTl|ov — 357, prj^are (puivqv. 962. T)v6ovv — cf. 897. *v€v6|Jiio-TO— 'was in vogue'; 1185: so voixl^eiv 6eo6s etc. Note the use of perfect and pluperfect : ueud- fiipvvtv — 'ii, le of Phrynis'; a Lesbian who won the prize at the P .itlier ■■. Apxavros KaWlov. He was charged with spoiling th . ^f rn „, top tdiop (XTpb^CKov i/j.^aXuu riva, 'intro- ducing turns ai.a' '■ " .ics of his own.' Svo-KoXoKajJiTrTovs— difficult and complicated. 972. c-ireTptPeTO — cf. 1376 and 1407. ttoXXcis — sc. 7rXT77as, cognate: Dem. /'a/s. Leg\ 403 § 197, ^alvet Kara tou vutov TroXXds: so S. Luc. xii. 47, Sapriaerai TroXXds. xds Mov(ras d^avit,(av — 'spoiling the art of music'; Thuc. vii. 69, 2, rds 7rar/}t\ds dperas firj ddXaiov — i.e. the bulb, root: Vesp. 679, aKopoSov KecpaXrjv. Dr Blaydes reads kuI (pvWeiof instead of KecpdXaiou rijs, in order to get rid of the article. But surely the stalk of a radish is not much of a delicacy. 982. T(ov irpeo-pvTtpwv dp"ird^€iv — 'to snatch away from'; 'seniori- bus praeripere' (Blaydes): cf. J^ac. 11 18, dpirdaofxai a6via: Pac. 420. The old Athenians wreathed their hair XP^*^*^" riTrlyotv ivipaei ('I'huc. i. 6, 3) as an emblem of their indigenous origin (schol.): Eq. 1331, TeTTiyoipopas. KT]K€i8ov— St^updyu/Swv TroL7]T7]'i Trdz^i' dpxo-LO% (schol.). 985. dXX' ovv — 'well, anyhow.' ravr* kfrrXv cKctva — so 1152 : Ach. 41 etc. : cf. 1167. 986. Mapa0wvop.dxovs — the typical warrior-burgess; Ach. 181, etc.: Vvsp. 71 r, d^ta toO V MapadQsvi rpoiraiov. The usual form is -fidxv^ • hence -^udxas should perhaps be read here. 987. cvT€TvXix0ai — P/nL 692, avTr]^ ivrvXi^aaa: tvXLttu), der. from TvXr), 'to muffle up.' 990. irpos ravT* — 'wherefore,' 'looking at this.' 991. poXavciiov dire'xto-Oai — i.e. warm baths; see 1044, and note on 837. 992. <})X^-y€' ~c vtorearai, where Herodotus adds that such respect to the old, whi-i' was observed in Egypt, was in Greece only found in Lacedaen. 'or authorities on the old-fashioned deference to age see Mayor's note on Juv. xiii. 55, si iuvenis vetulo non assurrexerat. 995. oTt TTjs alSovs K.T.X. — 'because you are to represent (form anew) the image (model) of honour (shame, modesty),' i.e. exemplify it in your own life. Blaydes quotes in illustration Plat. Sytnp. 222 a, TrXetor' a-yaXpiaTa dpeTrjs ev avrois ^x'"'''''*^' speaking of Socrates' \6yoi : [Dem.] t'n Aristog. 780 § 35, /cat blK-qs ye Kal evuofxia^ Kal alSovi elai iraaiv dudpuiroLS Bu)fxoL...€v avrfj rrj ^vxrj eKdcrrov Kat rfi (pvaei. This reading and rendering are adopted by most editors. A few manuscripts instead of dpaTrXdrTeiv have dfaTrXTjaeLV, which might mean 'to com- plete.' Some editors, however, reading o ri fiiWei, give it the sense 'to defile' lit. 'infect'; but with this meaning the verb requires a genitive e.g. KUKias. A tempting reading is Ti...pL^\\€i...d XevKw — ^f 5^ rwv AioaKoiipuip i5ioi> aT€vXXoPoXovo-i]s — perhaps 'with waving leaves' (Merry); or the idea may be that the tree 'sheds its leaves' to crown the young champion. 1008. irTcXfa \|/i6vpi^-Q — Theocr. Id. xxvii. 68, dXXdXois ■^idvpi^ov : so Claudian uses adsibilo with dative. 1. io4o] NOTES 145 loio. irpos TovTOis — if iight, this must go with irpoaixuv t6v vovu, but such a construction is unknown elsewhere; though irpds tivl top vovv ^X^iu is found, e.g. Plat. Protag. 324 A. It has been suggested to take irpos adverbially 'besides'; while Blaydes prefers /cat tovtoktiv. 1013. Xajxirpdv — 'bright and clear,' rightly I think preferred by Blaydes to XevKriv (albam), which in Aristophanes would suggest effeminate or unhealthy paleness, e.g. Ran. 1092. 1019. \|;TJi(rjJia [laKpov — this is what you will get from your professors of talking: cf. 1007. (r dvaireCcrei — sc. 6 ddiKos \6yos. 1022. 'AvTijiaxov — an Antimachus is mentioned Jf/i. 1150; a different man according to the scholiast. 1023. dvairXTJ. 644, del 5^ c^ k.t.X. ko|i\(/o- TTpiTn\ — rravoOpyou, 'rascally, knavish,' is the scholiast's explanation, but 'subtle-seeming' seems more the sense, Ko/xxf/os being used of sophistical refinement and the like. 1035. €l'ir€p...vir€ppa\€i— 'if you are going to conquer'; cf. 443. 1036. The adiKos \670s responds in iambic tetrameters, the metre appropriated in Aristophanes to the more ignoble character. Thus, in the Ff'ogs Euripides maintains his case in iambics (906—967), Avhile Aeschylus rejoins in anapaests (1006 — 1070), the metre of the dUaios X670S. €7rvi"Ydp.T]v — Blaydes suggests TrdXai ye Trpiyo/nai...KdTn0v/j.(i, as being the usual construction when the thing is still going on ; e.g. l^esp. 317, TrjKOfjLai irdXai: line 4 is of course different. rd v oppiidv : Vcsp. 7S9, eV toU ixOixriv, ' in the fish-market.' 1068. k^t' dTroXiTToiio-d 7 — 'yes, and then she left him, for his want of spirit.' The story was that Thetis put her child Achilles in the fire to burn away his mortal nature. Peleus seeing it cried out in terror, and Thetis fled back to her sister Nereids. 1073. KOTrdpwv — Pac. 343, earidadai, KOTTa^i{€Lv. Kix\i. 1028, rds 'Movaas alaiv XPW^'- 'is intimate with.' Here the association is that of pupil and master. 1080. €S Tov At* €irav€V€7K€iv — sc. TT]v ahlav : Eur. Ion 827, dt^e(ptp' is TOV daifxova : so with ace. expressed id. O?'. 76, is ^oi^ov dva.(f)ipov. ^oS, dXXd 6alfj.dTia ^aXovTes ws Taxi-CTTa, waidia, 6€iT€ Kal fioaTc /cat KXiuvi. TavT* dyyiXXeTe. 10- 148 THE CLOUDS [1. 1105-^ 1 105. Socrates and Strepsiades reappear in a scene which no doubt belonged to the first Clouds. It might come in after line 881, but goes most awkwardly with all that now intervenes. 1 106. 8i8do-K(o— interrogative subjunctive. I 107. |1€}J.VT]0-* OTTWS — Cf. 887. 1 108. . 511. avTov stands as it does because of the additional erepav : so yvibcreade tt]v dWrjv avTov Trovrjpiav, Isocr. i8, 52: cf. note on 905. 1 1x0. TO, \iiil. 462, Bepeoi 8^ veoi/xei'r] ov a' aTrari^aei. €v wp^ — in due season, i.e. in spring. 1 1 19. Kapirov— especially corn; 282: Eccl. 14, crods re Kapirou ^UKxiov re m/xaros Tr\r]p€LS. 1 1 20. dyav eirop.ppiav — taken together by Blaydes and Kriiger {Grammar § 50. 8, 19) : Thuc. i. 122, 4, ovk dWo tl (pepovaav ij dvTiKpvs dovXeiau, 'downright slavery': Dem. Fa/s. leg. 385 § 141, y€yopei>...dp5r]v oXedpos. No similar instance is however given of dyap without the article ; and it may go with irie^eip. 1 125. pi.ov. D. I wish you joy. M. It's not our country's fashion. 1 146. TovTOVi — the sack of meal {6v\aKos). Socrates, it is said, though he refused fees, would accept presents of wine or eatables from his disciples. 1 147. liriGavjid^tiv— 5wpo(s Tiixav (schol.), 'to compliment,' i.e. reward ; so dav/xd^'u}. 1148. TOV vt0V...€\;<|)* — of. 115. 1 149. ov — some editors refer this to vi6u, others to the unjust \670s which Socrates had lately 'brought on the stage' (886) or 'taken into ' the Contemplatory. The run of the words is certainly in favour of cKelvov being antecedent to ov, and this gives rather more point to the rest of the line. 1 1 50. |i€nd9T]K€v — a comic exaggeration, says Teuffel, of the Sophists' promises to teach all wisdom in a few lessons. diraio- Xt] — cf. 728 ; and for the personification see note on 4-24. 1 153. Kciv irapoxri — -'even if you find a thousand appearing': some manuscripts having Khv irapijaav, Blaydes reads k€l irapijaav. 1 154. pod-i]K£i — 'gleaming with two-edged tongue'; his tongue cut both ways, for he had learned, we suppose, both arguments and could maintain right or wrong. 1 161. irpoPoXos — TrpoardrTji, t€7xos, dacpdXeia (schol.) : in Xenophon 'a fortress.' Mr Green inclines to 'a spear, a lance in rest,' which is the meaning in Herodotus. 1 163. Xtxravtas — Xvojf ras rod irarpos aula'; (scliol.): Soph. Fr. 765, vdarof &yoi top vLKOixdxoLP kuI -rravaaplap : so \vaiiroPos, Find. 152 THE CLOUDS [1. 1165- 1165. cJ Wkvov, w -irai — a parody of Euripides, Hec. 172, w TiKvov, u 'iraL..J^€Xd' OLKUJV, die /xarepos avddv. This being a mother's cry, possibly the words should be assigned to Strepsiades rather than to Socrates. All this part is a cento or parody of tragedy. 1 168. w <{>iXos — Soph. Oc'(f. Col. 1698, c5 TTCLTep, (Jo (piXos. Socrates now hands the son over to his father and retires from the stage. 1 1 70. lov loO— a shout of joy : * Strepsiades dances round his son, shouting with delight to see the true philosophic pallor on his face' (Merry). 1171. xpo"'«iv— 103, 1113. 1172. vvv \i.(v y' — 'now, at any rate.' irpwrov — with vOf, nunc demum (Teuffel) : or 'to begin with,' as in 1044 (Blaydes). ISeiv eX K.T.X. — *you have a repudiative and contradictious look' (Merry). 1 173. TovTo TouTTixwpi-ov — 'that true Attic expression is in full bloom upon you (which asks), What's that you say?': a look ready to question and contradict ; cf. 207. 1 1 74. eiravBei — cf. 1024, to2s \6yois ^ireaTiu dvdos. Kal Sokeiv — * to look injured when you're in the wrong.' For 0I8' on Blaydes follows Bentley in reading e5 iroutv (sc. boKuv), ' to seem to be serving a man when you are cheating him': Green suggests /cat KaKovpye7adai 5' tri. 1 176. 'Attikov pXeiros — iravovpyov or 5pip.v, says the scholiast: sharp and keen, at any rate. 1 177. KairwXtoras — we should say 'since you destroyed me, do you also save me ' (Green). So in comparisons, as Jowett says, in Greek the word kul commonly adheres to the standard of comparison {uiawep /cat), in English the corresponding word adheres to the person or thing compared, e.g. Thuc. iv. 62, 3, Tifxwpia ovk (vrvx^^ on kuI eOeXiri. 1 1 80. tls TJv "yc— 'yes, the day for which' etc. 'The ye in the answer proves tis preferable to t/s in the line before ' (Green). For Oijo-civ K.T.X. cf. 1 1 36. 1 181. The argument is that the summons would be void, not being laid for one definite day. 1 183. €l HTJ...-y€VoiT* av — 'unless (it were the case that) the same woman cou/d become ' etc. : ylvoiT dv being equivalent to yeveadai 8{>vaiTo. 1 185. Kal ni^v vevd^iLO-TaC "y'— 'anyhow it's the established custom.' n86. o Tt voii — ' what it means,' 1. I202] NOTES 153 XI 87. 6 26\a)v — sucli praises of Solon as an ideal legislator were a stock thing in speeches : e.g. Deni. de Cor. 227 § 6, oOs (voywo^s) 6 rivets ^1 d/)X7?s 26Xwj', ei/Voi/s wj' yyuTj' /cai 57)fiOTiK6s. 1 189. TT^v kXtJo-iv — the calling into court (780) i.e. the procedure generally. Is Sv* iincpas k.t.X. —assuming that ' the old and new ' are two days, the son lays down that ' the old ' {^ur)) nuist be the 30th and therefore the pea the ist of the next month or vov^irivia. 1 190. 'i% yi Ti]v ^vT]v T€ KoX vcav — Cobct would read eh re ttjj' ^vrjv Kol T7)p viav, to show that two distinct days are meant. 1 191. at 0€ar€is — at Kara^oXal tQu TrpVTavelwv (schol,), and the actual beginning of the suit. 1 192. I'va 8tJ tL — sc. 7^j'0tT0 : Pac. 409, 'iva. 8t} ti tovto dparov ; Ti]v ^VTjv irpoo-cGiiKev — why add in that 'back-day' (Merry): why not have it all on the povfxrjvia (or v^a) ? Xv', u iJttXc — that the parties sued might have a clear day in which to arrange a compromise. 1 193. tip-cp?- \^^^ irpoTcpov — ' one day sooner.' 1 194. diraWdTTOivTO — sc. tou 5iKdi;eadai, 'settle the matter, get rid of it,' as in J^n: 293, irpayfj-drup re Kal fiaxCip : so Buttman explains a.TraWayiji'ai Dem. Aleid. 563, and (XTnfjWay/nai, ib. 578. Teutifel cites Plat. legg. 915 C, dTraWdrTW/rai Trpos dW^Xofs tQ}v eyKXrjfxdTiop : id. 936 E, diraWaTTiado} ttjs 5iK't]s. Meineke and others read diaWdrTOLVTo ' might get reconciled.' 1 196. Then why do the magistrates expect the fees to be paid on the 30th instead of waiting for the ist? 1 197. oLpxcif — as we say 'the authorities,' using abstract for concrete. Strictly 17 dpxv — ol ev ttj cipxVf \a^e TToXAw, 'got far ahead.' 1 201. £v 7€ — ' capital ! ' says Strepsiades in ecstasy; and then turns to the audience in tones of exultation; cf. Lys. 12 17, vjxeU t'l Kadijade; d^eXrepoi. — /\an. 989, d^eXrepiOTaToi KexTlf^res KadrjVTO. 1 202. T]p.€T€pa Twv (roopT]9 V£Vti|jl^voi — the audience, seated in rows on the sloping sides of the theatre, looked like wine-jars stowed in tiers : Thuc. vii. 87, 2, rdv veKpQv ofioO ctt' dWrjXoi? ^vvuevrjuivuu. 1204. els — expressing relation, 'addressed to ' ; with a5w, Lys. 1243, see next note. 1205. €ir* — 'for, on the ground of.' ixov-yKcijiiov — i.e. fioi iyK.: Frag. 414, a8VTevtLv; so Ach. 126. irpo'itvai, — 'to part with': Hdt. i. 24 : common in middle in Dem. of advancing money. 12 1 5. KptiTTOv -qv— so Vesp. 219: this construction without av denotes what would have been better, but has not been done ; so e^/c6s riv etc., also evrlv, exPW ^^^^^ the like: see Goodwin §4i5sq. t6t€ — 'at the time' when Strepsiades applied for a loan. 1216. direpvOpidorai — diravaiax^^M'^'- ('^chol.), to have refused imblushingly. fx% x.top'qo-CTai — 'he will take six gallons' i.e. I suppose, hold that quantity of wine, the xoi^s being a liquid measure ; but it might be, he will require that amount of salt to cure him. For X'^P^^i *to contain,' cf. Hdt. i. 51, x^pew;' d^(popias e^aKoalovs etc. 1240. KaTa7rpoi|€t— an 'isolated future always used with a pre- ceding negative and in Attic Greek never found outside of Comedy' {New Phrynichiis^ p. 254): cf. J^esp. 1396, ovtqi Karairpoi^eL Mi'pr/as. 1241. Ztvs Yc'Xoios d|jLvv|i€vos — 'swearing by Zeus is absurd': so Vla-t. P/iaedr. 236 D, yeXoios ^(royuat...at'TO(rxe5mfa;i', 'extemporising on my part will be ridiculous': Ar. £^/i. i. 12, 3, y^Xoioi (paivovTaL {ol deol) irpbs Tjfids dvacpepofxevoL, 'referring the gods to a human standard' : ib. X. 8, 7, y^Xoioi (pavovvrai {oi deoi) avvaWoLTTOvTes, ' the notion of the gods making contracts': so occisiis Caesar, 'Caesar's murder.' 'Ridicu- lous,' of a person, is usually KarayeXaaros, sometimes yeXoios, e.g. Plat. Pep. 517 D, where however participles follow. For the accent see Lid. and Scott. Tois €l8di. 92 C, ttujs div eldeh^s irepl TouTov Tou irpdyfxaTOS oi/ TravTairaiHv &ir€ipos dT]s ; 1. 1266] NOTES 157 I2g2. ovK ap* diroSftJo-cis ; 'you are not going to pay then?' dpa expresses an inference, with some anxiety. Blaydes with slight authority adopts dp', an interrogative expressing indignation: Av.^\y ovK ap' dcpiJKas ; ocrov -yc jx* elSevai — (or oaov 7' efi') lit. 'so far as my knowing goes.' For this 'absokite infinitive, expressing a limitation or qualification of some word or of the whole sentence,' see Goodwin §§ 776 — 783. Compare wj eVos elirelv, 'to put it in a word': ws e/xoi 8oK€iv, 'as it seems to me' : /W. 857, 6. 6 crfiiKpoTaTos, 6s ttjv Tpayi^biav rroieu It is one of the son's plays, according to the scholiast, that is here parodied or quoted. 1263. Kara o-eaurov xpeirov — go your own way; keep your calamities to yourself; the same line, Ac/i. 1019. 1266. TXt]uo\€|ios — son of Heracles. He accidentally slew his uncle Licymnius (Hom. //. ii. 661), which seems to have been the subject of the play of Xenocles. We do not know how far the tragic lines are parody, or if a chariot accident came in. 1 58 THE CLOUDS [1. 1269 — 1 269. ciXXws T€ pievTOi — Blaydes reads Trdrrws for \xivToi, comparing Aesch. Provi. 636 etc. 1270. TO. irota — ' whicli be they?' : cf. 748. 1271. KaKws ap' ovTWj e?X'S — according to Blaydes = ' you are then in a bad way'; like Av. 280, 01) a\ov — 'you seem to have a sort of concussion of the brain'; due, Strepsiades seems to think, to his accident. 1277. TTpoa-KtKXTJo-eo-Gai — but for the following clause in the future, one would incline to irpoaKeKXija-dai, the reading of R and V, which as it is is adopted by Hermann, Green and Teufifel. It corresponds closely to the line before; 'you look like a man with a crack on the head,' 'you look like a man with a summons into court.' 1283. 8£Kaios d — cf. 1434: F/uL 1030, ayadbv dlKaios Lot e'xft". 1284. jJ.€T€wpwv — see 228 and 333. 1286. dir68oT€ — speaking to father and son. 6 tokos — Strep- siades pretends to understand t6kos only in the sense of ' offspring.' Dr Merry wittily renders : 'Pay me the interest that the money bears.' 'What sort of creature is it that it bears?' 1287. t£ 8' dWo -y' T| — 'why, of course'; 1448,1495. J 288. TrXt'ov irXcov — 'more and more': so p.aXkov p.aWov, Ran. 1001. 1289. viroppe'ovTOS— 'slipping away.' 1291. irpo TOV — cf. 5. 1292. ou -ydp SiKaiov — 'reasonable.' Blaydes suspects StVatoi/, and suggests ov yap Mvcit avrrju, or ov8' ^ariv avri^u. 1296. diroSito^ct — the Attic future of Siukoj is diiv^o/nai, as with 'all verbs expressing the exercise of the senses, or denoting any functional state or process'; see A^etv Phrynichiis p. 377. Here the 1. 1312] NOTES 159 following a made the corruption easy : so Eq. 969. ' Will you not sue yourself away?' is Blaydes' rendering, Amynias having threatened pro- secution. For the whole line cf. Av. 1020, ovk dva/xerpriaei aavrbu dinwu dXXax'?; For ciiro most manuscripts have eK, the two pre- positions being perpetually confounded. 1297. TttvT* iyJi |jiapTVpO(j.ai. — calling on the bystanders to witness the assault; F. 1436 etc. : fiaprvpofiat. alone 1. 1222 etc. 1298. OVK €\q,s — 'move on, come up'; repeated from £(/. 603: cf. id. 243, OVK eXare ; For a-a\i^6pa see 122. 1299. a^cis ; ciriaXw — sc. to Kivrpov, ' will you be off? I'll lay the whip about you ' : cf. Hom. Od. ix. 288, erdpois ini xetpaj LaWeu. iiriaXQ is adopted by most editors, the manuscripts having ewei dXw or the like. 1301. ^[JitXXov apa — 'I thought I should make you move'; lit. *I was, it seems, going to move you': cf. Ac/i. 347, tyueXXer' &pa Trdj/rws dvi^aeiv rijs ^orjs : /^an. 268, ^/xeWov apa iravactv Trod' vfxds rod Kod^, ' I thought I should presently stop your croaking ' : so Fes/. 460. 1302. avTois xpoxois — cf. avTois dvdpdai, 'men and all': Fes/>. 119, avT(^ Tvixirdvcp. It is a form of the dative of accompaniment (Madv. § 42), sometimes with the article, sometimes without. Amynias now goes oft, and Strepsiades returns indoors to his interrupted banquet. 1303 — 20. The chonis, now openly siding with the Cause of right, predict that Strepsiades will soon be sorry for the lessons of knavery which his son has learned. 1303. irpa7|xdTwv Ipav <|)Xavp«v — cf. 1459. t^apOtis, besides avoiding tautology, corresponds in scansion to the antistrophic i^rjru in 1312. With the manuscript reading epaadds 'thereof is to be supplied. 1305. airoo-TepTjcrai — diroarepelv is generally 'to keep back, defraud.' 1307. OVK ?o-9' oTTWs— cf. 1275 : with ovk following, Ach. 116. 13 1 2. kX,r^Ti\. — the reading of most manuscripts, though R has [6o THE CLOUDS eT('(^riT€L. From the latter Dindorf, retaining (paadeis in 1304, gives e'jre'i'et, 'was hot on,' a conjecture more ingenious than probable. Blaydes reads ibi'^trr' (Epic and Ionic) and suggests idripa etc. 1315. elvat — ' that his son should be ' etc. 1314. evavTvas — see 888, 1040, 1339. 1318. t — like the doivos \670s, 910. aKOvtuv — having said to me, or of me: Eq. 1276, ttoW klkovooll ko.1 KaKci : Vcsp. 621, (ucovw ToC^' ttTrep 6 Zei'-s. 1337. iroCoiv XoYOtv; — here, as Mr Green says, is another instance of a question asked by Trotos, no doubt with indignation and astonish- ment, to which yet an answer is given : see note on 1233. 1338. €8i8a|d}iT]v — in its proper middle sense, ' I had you taught.' jiCVTOi — 'indeed, in truth,' with an ironical intonation. In 1342 = tamen. 1344. o Ti Kal Xc^cis — 'what you are going to say'; cf. 528, and 840: Thuc. iv. II, 4, et T77 koX doKolr] divarbv elvai ax^^^y ' i^ ^.t any point it dit/ seem possible to force a landing.* 1347. 'ir€iro£9€iv — most of the manuscripts have triiroLdfv, R has viiroLdu. The correction is due to Dawes, who first pointed out that -ei{v) is the termination of the third person pluperfect, -77 that of the first person : see New Phryuichus, p. 229. 1349. ?s eirexO-r] — ' the shearing of the ram ' : the accusa- tive is the object of the preceding active clause, as noted on 1115. The scholiast says that this is the beginning of an ode by Simonides on Krius, a wrestler of Aegina, iir^^ad' 6 Kpibs (or Kptos) ovk aetve'ws iXdCjv els €ijb€vbpop ayXabv At6s T^fievos' ' 1. 1368] NOTES i6i and explains that Krius came out with added lustre, resplendent like a new-shorn ram. I3r7- apxa-^ov — 'antiquated'; 985. Kdxpvs...dXovo-av— the editors give a 'mill song' from Plutarch: 6.\ei. /xvXa, dXei' Kal yap UiTTaKos dXei, /xeydXas 'MiruXdvas ^aaiXevup- whether Pittacus was a mill-owner or, as Mr Green suggests, 'ground' his people by tyranny. [360. TCTTi-yas — who lived on dew and air and did nothing but sing: Plat. Phaedr. 259c, rh TCTTiyuv yevo%...fi-qZkv rpocp-qs odadaL y€v6/x€Vov dXX acrirdv re Kai dwoTov evdvs aoeiv. 1363. r\vi(r\6\i.r]v — note the double augment, as in 1373; du^x^^fxai. is one of the eleven verbs so augmented in Attic {iVew Phrynichus, p. 85). 1364. 6Xk6. — ' at least, at any rate ' ; as in 1369. (j.vpp£vT)v — when catches ((TKoXta) or poetic recitations were given at banquets the leader held a spray of myrtle, and passed it to another guest to continue in his turn : cf. Vesp. 1220 sq. 1366. e-yci ^dp — according to the text this is an indignant question on the part of the son, who in the next line gives his reasons for not thinking Aeschylus chief of poets. This arrangement is adopted by most editors, but it is not quite satisfactory ; see critical note. Green suggests that -rrpOxrov ev iroirjTois may.be 'above all other poets for empty sound' etc.: so Merry. iyCj ydp k.t.X. seems genuine praise in the father's mouth, so perhaps Hermann's transposition should be adopted ; unless indeed a line or so is lost. Blaydes suggests q ydp... vo/ju^eii ; spoken by the son. 1367. »|/d<|>ov TrXiotv — compare the very outspoken criticism of Ae;,chylus by Euripides, A'a/i. 909 sq. d^uo-raTov — ' unconnected,' ill put together ; without the compactness and logical sequence of Euripides; Pan. 11 19 etc. Blaydes quotes Quintilian's judgment, ' sublimis et gravis et grandiloquus usque ad vitiuni, sed rudis in plerisque et incotnpositiis.'' o-T6}i<|>aKa — 'mouthing,' bombastic; see the kindred words : Vesp. Illy arofx/pd^ovTa^. KpT][jLVOTroi6v — cf. Pa». 929, p-q/xad' 'nnroKpTj/jwa: Eq. 628, Kpr\p.vo\j% ipeiTTuji' (of Cleon), ' precipice -words,' rugged and huge : cf. dypioiroLds, Pan. S3 7. 1368. opcxOeiv — Kiv-qdqvaL Kai rapaTTecrdai (schol.). In Homer the word occurs once, //. xxiii. 30, where Leaf discusses the traditional explanations, and inclines to connect it with opeyoiiai, meaning 'stretch- ed themselves out ' in death. Theocritus, /d. xi. 43, uses it of the sea, apparently connecting it with poxOeiv ' roar.' Here it may denote the heart's beating or throbbing. <:• '-• II i62 THE CLOUDS [1. 1369— 1369. Tov GvfJtov SttKoSv — here = 'curbing my temper': Kan. 43, haKvw 7' iiiavTbv : Vesp. 778, haKv^^v creavTou, 'galling.' 1371. prjo-tv — 'passage': VesJ>. 581: Kan. 151. 1372. d8£Xos...d56\\a (JL€ K.T.X. — Pac. 1306, (piKdv ravra Travra koX airobelv. cTTCTpiPev — 972 and 1407. 1377. OCTTtS OVK — cf. 692. 1378. a/j.oxX(V€LS Tri'Xas ; we have had fioxXevrriv, 567. 1399. Kaivois Trpa-yp-ao-iv — cf. 515, veojTepois irpdy/j.ai. 654 : TedfTj^ofiai is late Greek. 1438. TOVTOKTi — •' these younger men,' the son and his fellows. 1440. diro -yap oXoii|xai — sc. if I don't listen (schol.): but is it not rather deprecatory, 'no more, pray, for 'twill be the death of me' (Green)? For the ttnesis cf. 792. 1441. Kal (Jtiiv K.T.X. — i.e. apparently, you will find some comfort for your recent beating when you hear what I mean to do. Bergler however takes iraGwv d k.t.X. to mean 'if you yield again to my argu- ments, as you have already.' 1443. TviTTijo-o) — the regular Attic future of tvitto), meaning ' to strike' : ' I will wound' is irara^u) or iraiau). For uxxirep Kal see note on 1177. 1444. (xci^ov KttKov — the father's common sense and human feeling are at length revolted by this further step in philosophical teaching, and he turns upon his son in righteous wrath. We have here a caricature of Euripides, who made Orestes excuse himself for matricide on the ground that he was less closely related to his mother than to his father (Or. 552). Mr Green points out that the same plea is urged by Apollo in Aesch. Eu?n. 658 — 666. t£ 8* is answered by tI 5' 6.\\o below. 1449. Is TO pdpaOpov — E(j. 1362, es to ^dpadpov ^/jL^aXQ: Ran. 514 etc. 1452. TttVTi 8t' vjjids — after his burst of rage Strepsiades turns to the Clouds, and appeals to them in expostulation for leading him astray. 1453. dva0€£s — AiK 546, a.vaOd'i aoi ifxavrbv: Thuc. viii. 82, i, to. irpdy/xaTa iravTa dperideaav. 1454. [itv ovv — cf. 71. 1455. crTp^\|/as — a pun on his name Strepsiades: cf. 434, arpeij/o- diKijaai. 1 45 7. cirT]p€T£ — 42 : imperf. ' kept egging on' (Merry). 1466. |Ji€T* 6(iov 'X9wv — Hermann suggests /xereXOup : as /Jt.eTipxofj.ai, from the idea of pursuing, means prosecuting or visiting w ith vengeance. 1467. dXX* ouK dv — cf 871. 1. i48i] NOTES 165 1468. iraTpwov Aia — a tragic line, as is shown by the long a in ■rraTpipov, and the title of the god. Apollo, not Zeus, was the special Athenian Trarpc^os, but Zei)s irarpi^os is often appealed to by the characters in tragedies. 1469. I80W -yc — cf. 818 : and for dpxaios 984, 1357. 1471. 8tvos — see 828. 1473. 8id TOUTovl Tov 81VOV — 'because of that confounded dinus' (Blaydes) : he means the whirl or vortex about which Socrates has taught him. TovTovl does not necessarily imply actual presence; see 1427, and note on 83. But the word divos suggests another meaning, and in the next line Strepsiades suddenly sees its personification in an earthen pot, and vents his scorn upon it, literally turning his deity to clay. 1474. x^"*"?^"^" — cf. Ves/>. 6 1 S, TOV (TOV divov, a wine-]ar. Dindorf, Kock and Meineke reject this line, which they consider an interpolation due to taking tovtov'l of something actually there. It seems however intended for the sake of the pun, and also as showing the old man's muddle-headedness, which is one of his strong points, e.g. 2^6 and 645. 1475. <|)\TivdtX' 'EpjXT] — he turns to a bust of Hermes standing near the house, and asks for counsel and advice. 1480. €Hov K.T.X. — gen. absol. d8o\€6iv — A v. 1435 : so pairTW in the sense of devising or concocting. 1489. €|ipdXT)s — Ach. 510, KavTols WoaeiOwv e/xfidXoi rds oiKias. 1492. ctXa^ovcs — for all their proud theories and impious boasts; cf. 102. low — a disciple rushes out of the house as the flames catch it. 1496. SiaXcirToXo'YoOp.at — 'I am discoursing subtly (chopping logic) with the beam.s of your house' (Blaydes): cf. 320. Strepsiades is now introducing the house-beams to a subtle element (Green). 1498. OoljiciTiov — see 497 and 856. 1502. ovTOS — Socrates himself is at length alarmed and comes out. 1503. aepoParw — the master's own words, 225. 1506. t£ -ydp jxa06vT€s — this is the best supported reading. Some manuscripts have /xaddvr e's, as in P/ui. 899, v^pi^eiu els ^fi'. The dual would refer to Socrates and Chaerephon only ; but the plural is better, as all the disciples are meant. They are a godless lot, and deserve to be included in the common ruin. Some editors read iraddures or iradbvT e's: see 340 and 402. 1507. Ti^v 28pav — eTTi tLvos ox^^Tat Kal ttcDs Kal did tL /xeveL (schol.) : cf. Hdt. vii. 37, 6 t]\los iKXiiruu ttju iK rod ovpavov eSprjv dcpavrjs rjv : Eur. Iph. T. 193, dXXd|as 5' l^ '^dpas upov [xeT^^oKev 6fxjna"A\ios. We have rds odovs of the moon in 171 and 584. 1508. 8((i)K£ — assigned by Meineke and others to the chorus. R and V prefix 'Epfx(rjs), from 1478, as if the god himself led the attack. The words are spoken to the slave, but meant for everyone. •Mr Grote {History of Greece, part ii. chap. 37, ad fin.) is probably right in suggesting that Aristophanes took this idea from the actual circumstances attending the subversion of the Pythagorean order in Croton, where their school was set on fire, and very many perished in the flames, among whom, according to one tradition, was the tuvThs, the great master himself (Rogers). 1509. A line most damaging to Socrates, as Hermann points out, coming thus at the end of the play when the poet spoke his real convictions, and leaving its sting in the minds of the spectators. 1 5 10. TO Y€ TTJ}Jicpov— ' for the day.' Meineke adopts (from Moeris) eXvai for T)yXv. No doubt rb ye rrj/xepov etvai is a good prose phrase; e.g. Plat. Crat. 273 c, to fih T-qfiepov ehai: ib. 396 D, rh uvu etvai etc. But there is not sufficient reason to alter the text ; and besides, the pronoun is needed; cf. Thesm. 1227, ir^TraiaraL ixeTpluisrjfxiv. i67 INDEX I Academia 1005 accusative, adverbial 55 ,, anticipatory of subject 95, 145. 479. 493. „ cognate 99, 115, 131, 439 adverb with subst. 11 20 Amynias 31, 686, 1259 Anaxagoras 378 aor. inf. of future time 35, 1141 Athamas 257 Athenian love of law 208, 1220 Byzantium 249 calendar 615 Carcinus 1261 Chaerephon 104, 144, 156, 503 etc. Cleitagora 684 Cleon 549, 582, 1058 Cleonymus 353, 400, 680 Coesyra 48, 800 Colias 52 dative with subst. 305 Democritus 377 Diagoras 830 diminutives 80, 222, 746 Dionysia 508, 609 Doric forms 30, 249, 276 Electra 534 Ephesus, temple at 599 Euboea 211 Eupolis 553 gender of words 659 sq. Genetyllis 52 genitive of exclamation 153, 364, 818 ,, partitive 59, 107, 138 genitive of price 22, 31, 473, 864 „ ,, time 9, 371, 721 ,, with words of con- gratulation 166, (1324) Hermes 1234, 1478 Homer 1056 Hyperbolus 551, 876, 1065 lapetus 998 intinitive for imper. 850, 1080 Leogoras 109 Lucretius 371, 378, 392, 404 Maeotis, lake 273 Maricas 553 Megacles 46, 124, 815 Memnon 622 Mimas 273 Months, reckoning of, 17, 1131 Panathenaea 386 Pandeletus 924 participle 381, 1241 Pasias 21, 12 14 Peleus 1063 Pericles 859 pluperf. term. 380, 1347 Prodicus 361 Sarpedon 622 Socrates misrepresented 98, 140, 703, 1400, 1405 Solon, ideal law-giver 1187 Sunium 401 Theorus 400 Thessalian witches 749 Thetis 1067 Trophonius 508 1 68 INDEX II d/3Are/5os 1201 ayo/m-ai, (pepofxai 241 dyopd 991, 1055 dyopriTTjs 1057 dooXe'crx^s 1485 ddoXeax'-^ 1480 depo^aru} 225, 1503 d77/) 230, 264 d^yos 1 4 13 -at inf. elided 7, 42, 550, 780, 988, 1 140, 1341, 1357 aijSoi !02, 829 alyidos rjfioxos 602 At'Sws 995 at6'77p^ 264, 570 dKaprj 496 dKSprjTos 44 aKovu 529, 1329 dXa^'wj' 102, 1492 dXeKTpvdiu 4, 661, 664 dXrjdes 841 dWd repeated in dialogue 123 — 7 ,, ' still '' at least ' 1364, 1369 dXX' ov ' and not ' 132 aXX' ou5^ 1396 dXX' oPf 7e 1002 dXXo Tt {ij) 423 AXXwj 1203 AXXws re Kai 1269 dfxa^is 864 d/miXeL 422, 488, 877 dpLVvadelv 1323 d;U,0i MOt 595 dp.os 380, 1473 8i(pdepa 72 diiCKadtlu 1482 8p6fxos 25, 28 dva^ovXla 587 iyK€Kop5vX7]iJ.^i>os 10 eyxdcFKeLv 1436 e'opa, T-^s (reX?)^?;? 1507 et 5e ^17 1433 ele;/ 1 075 eiKddes 17 6t /x';7 with particip. 229 eiXXu) 761 f''^^a} 137 ekapdTTCLv 1373 ^1" 633 €^€K6vr)v 24 ^^o5os 579 iwaipw 42 (TraKovu: 263 170 INDEX IT iiravatpipo) 1080 iw^X^ 1382 iirl with dat. 1205 iTidWu) 1299 iiridav/xa^u) 1147 eirifiapT^po/xai 495 iwiaxe^ I047 iiTLCx^v 495 iTrixa^Keveiu 422 e>t'5w 558, 1375 fs KopaKas 123, 133, 646, 789, 871 ^Tf6i' 35, 93, 1502 evdij with gen. 162 eCiTTepos 800 evplffKCj, augment of 137 €v6pos 122 (pX^yeadai 992 aeXrjPTjP Kadaipeip 750 (poirdp 916 criSdpeot 249 (popTiKOS 524 aKifXTTOvs 254 (f>povTi^u} with gen. 75 (T/A^j'os 297 ^pOPTiaTTJpLOP 94 O-O06s 520, 1370, T378 (ppovpds aScop 721 airaddp 53, 55 01'0-is ' appearance ' 50 (TT^Ixavos 2^fi, 625 0tus, Trpcis TO 632 (TTOixovv 1 108 arpe^Xovv 620 Xdos 424 crvyyiypeadai 252, 13 17 XaiVwo-is 875 o-xcti-w 107, 740 XoXaj' 833 (TX^'^aXa'A'Oi 1 30 XoOs 123S XP^J, Tt ^^a yue; 30 raOra adv. ace. 319 Xp77/xa with gen. 2 rdxi^ y ci" 647 Xp7;(TT0S 8 TedpTj^u) 1436 Xwpfii' 18, 906, 1238 reparela 318 T^TTiyes 984, 1360 i^apo's 1225 Ti ace. cogn. 202, 1147 Tidecrdac of names 65, 67 oipas, es Tas 562 125 CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY J. 4 C. 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