1 I >^g %)JI1V>JC i f ^lOS-MGElt I g t i I 3 = .< ^clOS-ANCElfx^ 5,*= $ v/sa3MN(l-J\\V : d 00 ^ 5 5 5 2 1 y ^.OFCALIFOft 1 I ^-LIBRARYQc. A\\E-UNIVER% .xlOS-ANCElf, -* & * & < S % iKAllFOfifc ^OF-CALIFOR^ rtEUNIVERS/A. ? g sM-UBRARY^ A\\EUNIVER% THE v \ HISTORY OF THE ./ HOUSE OF STANLEY, A ' / FROM Ttfl^F ^ CONQUEST, TO THE Death of the Right Honorable EDWARD, LATE EARL OF DERBY, IN 1776. CONTAINING A GENEALOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ACCOUNT, OF THAT ILLUSTRIOUS HOUSE. TO WHICH IS ADDED, V Defcription of the Ifle of Man. PRINTED BY E. SERGENT, IN T H B MARKET-PLACE. j.:nccxcin, ,M.4">>+-+>>"""" ..>.^ Stack HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF STANLEY. FROM THE CONQUEST. H E Illuftrious houfe I have under- taken to defcribe and treat of in the courfe of this hiftory, is allowed by the hiftories and records I have met with, to have been a family of great antiquity and re- nown; having, in their feveral ages, been diftinguifhed and promoted by royal favour, to the higheft pofts of honour and truft un- der fovereign princes, and always advancing in the front rank of our Britifh heroes. But with regard to the origin and lineal defcent of this ancient houfe, authors are not fully agreed. * Mr. Cambden makes them to fpring from the fame (lock with the i B barons * Mr. Camb, Bru. en The HISTORY of the barons of Audley ;.who tells us that the ba- rons of Audley built Healey-caftle, in the county of Stafford, upon lands given to them by Hervey de Stafford, as alfo Alde- leigh, by Thoebald de Verdon ; and from thefe (fays he) fprung the family of the Stanleys, EARLS of DERBY, 'but gives no pedigree or lineal defcent thereof. And though this account from fo public an author might be efteemed by fome very honourable, as being related to, or defcended from a family which made one of the great- eft figures in the nation for fome ages ; yet methinks as the noble Houfe of Stanley hath produced fo many brave and gallant perfons both in peace and war, the ORIGINAL there- of demands a more particular enquiry and defcription than Mr. Cambden hath thought fit to beftow upon them, who appears to me to have taken the relation given us of this moil worthy family more upon truft, and the credit of others, than any labour or acqui- red knowledge of his own. Wherefore, for the honour due to fo ma- ny brave and worthy perfons, the fatisfao- tion of the reader, and (that all the heroic and "HOUSE of STANLEY. 3 and celebrated actions performed by them, may not be buried in oblivion) I have pro- cured and infpefted all the hiftories, records and manufcripts, of value or efteem, I could poffibly obtain either the fight or private ufc of, with refpel to the fubjecl: before us. And have as I think, met with fome public prints, as well as manufcripts, of equal anti- quity and authority with Mr. Cambden, from- whence it will manifeftly appear to the rea- der, that the honourable houfe we are here treating of, is of greater antiquity and an earlier original (at leaft in England) than the barons of Audley can boaft of; and that Mr. Cambden might upon full enquiry and much more reafon have faid, that the barons of Audley fprung from the fame flock with the EARLS of DERBY, for they were engrafted into.it, and fprung from it, as hereafter is (hewn. Mr. Cambden indeed tells us in his furvey of Saffordfhire, that the Family pf Stanley were feated at Audley, fituate in the northern part of that county, called the Moorlands, near the head of the river Trent, and about B 2 3 mile 4 The HISTORY of the a mile weft of it ; that the land was craggy and ftony, and thinks that the family might take their name from thence, but does not acquaint us how long the family might have been feated there, nor even who refrded there in his time. But my learned and right reverend author, Bifhop Rutter, in his manufcript, now by me, agrees with Mr. Cambden in the fituation as before, and obferves further, that the original of the Stanleys was of Saxon extraction, as indeed I find by the bed and moft approved antiquaries, were all the families in England, whofe iirnames end in ley, ton, and comb ; as Bolton, Dalton, Walton, Sefton, and Singleton, c. Alfo Stanley, Tyldefley, Townley, Mawdflev, \Valmfley, &c. and alfo Duncomb, Tidcomb, Jacomb, and Edg- comb, &c. and that the family now before us, was feated at Stoneley as aforefaid, and is of opinion that the Stanleys might aflume their firname from that lordfhip, which is very probable with refpecl to the name, the foil being as above, of a rough and flony na- ture; that nothing was more common and u- ilial in thofe early times, than for families to give HOUSE of STANLEY. 5 give their firnames to their feats, or to take them from that of their feat, of which we have many inftances in our own memory, as well as hiftory. But how long this honourable houfe might have been feated here before the conqueft, is not difcoverable from hiftory or record ; but the * reverend and learned author before af- fures us, that they were here long before the coming in of William Duke of Normandy, and that he was attended in his expedition to England by one Adam de Audley, or Au- dithley, as the French have it. And that he was accompanied from Au- dithley in Normandy, by his two fons, Li- dulph and Adam ; and that on the Dukes obtaining the crown of England, he gave Adam, the father, large pofleflions, as indeed he did all his followers, infomuch that f Mr. Cambden obferves in his notes on this family, that it is ftrange to read what lands King Henry III. confirmed to Henry de Audley, the fon of Mrs. Stanley (as hereafter) and his family, which were beftowed upon them by the : * Bp. Rimer's M. S. 1066, f Camb. Brit, 6 The HISTORY of the the king, the bounty of the peers, and even of private perfons. And to heighten and increafe the grandeur of this favourite family, who had attended and greatly ferved her hufband King William ; Queen Maud, his wife, and daughter of Bald- win, Earl of Flanders, commonly called Maud the Stranger, gave to Adam de Au- dithley, the father, the feat of Red-caftle, in the county of Salop, with all the lands and tenements thereto belonging, and where it is probable that family refided, to their building of Heatly-caflle, in the county of Stafford, upon lands given them by Hervey de Stafford as before ; which brought them, into that county, and from whence they were firft ftiled Barons of Healey, but which of them built that cattle, and who firil poffeffed it, hiftory does not inform us. Wherefore having, by this fniall digreffion (which I could not well avoid in this place) given the reader an idea of the Barons of Audley's firft appearance in England, and fettlement there ; I (hall, for a while, fufpend any further mention of them and their pofte- rity, HOUSE of STANLEY. 7 rity, and return back to the Houfe of Stanley, whofe antiquity and fituation are in part be- fore defcribed. The firfl Lord of Stoneley I met with in hiftory or record, is ftiled Henry Stanley de Stoneley, who lived as near as I can compute, about forty or fifty years before the conqueft, and fome time after ; and having iflue an only daughter and child named Mabilla or Mabel, he gave her in marriage to Adam, the fon'of Lidulph de Audley, the elder fon. of the aforefaid Adam, by whom (he had iflue a fon, named Henry, after her father, on whofe deceafe, Adam her hufband, was in her right, Lord of Stoneley and Balterley, as hereafter. (And the faid Henry the fon was the perfon mentioned by Mr. Cambden to have had fuch large poffeflions confirmed to him by King Henry III.) And being fo poflefled of thofe manors, he fome time after exchanged the manor of Stoneley and part of Balterley with his coufm William, the fon of his uncle Adam, of Thalk on the Hill, as by ,the following deed upon. record, viz. I Adam, 8 The HISTORY of the I Adam, the fon of Lidulph de Audithley, give and grant unto William de Audithley, the fon of Adam my uncle, the town or man- or of Stoneley, and half the town or manor of Balterley, in exchange for the town or manor of Thalk on the Hill, &c. Teftibus, HenricoPreers, Roberto de Audithley, Adam de Capell, and William de Wolve, &c. Upon which deed in the hands of Sir Row- land Stanley, of Hooton, Baronet, living in the year 1610, is referved the yearly rent of twelve-pence, payable tor ever, from the town or manor of Thalk, to the aforefaid William and his heirs. And here * Mr. Speed, in his hiflory of Staffordfhire, very aptly confirms the above account given by Bifhop Rutter, of the Fa- mily of Stoneley, by his difcovery of another branch of the faid houfe being feated at Staf- ford, which he calls Thomas Stanley, Efq; and remarks, that he was younger brother, or uncle to the aforefaid Henry of Stoneley, and that his anceftors founded the abbey of Sandewell, in the county of Bucks, and en- dowed * Speed's HL1. HOUSE of STANLEY. 9 dowed it with 38!. 8s. 4 brave and valuable perfon, but to the male iffue of his family; with whom I (hail, with an obfer- vation or two, forbear all further hiftory of them, and proceed as above, with the ifTue And pofterity of William of Thalk, now Lord of Stoneley, which we {hall from hence for- ward call Stanley. Firft,Uponthe deathof this honourable peer, his honour and eftatedefcended to his two fitters above mentioned ; fome fay his two daughters. Secondly, That his eldefi fifter or daughter named Margaret, married to Thomas Tou- chet of Nether-Whilley, in the county of Chefter ; and in her right become Lord Aud- ley of Healey-caflle ; who, by the favour of the crown, was dignified with the honour and title of Earl of Caftle-haven in" the king- of Ireland, whofe pofterity afterwards marri- ed the 'elded female iftiie of the firft daughter of Ferdinand EARL of DERBY, and thereby became entitled to, and pofTelTed of the barony and eftate of *Lord Strange of Knocking. What * jc 1 of the H=ofe of Lords lr England. HOUSE of STANLEY. 13 What arms or bearing were ufed by the Houfe of Stanley to this time I cannot fet forth, but fuppofe, from their inter-marriages with the houfe of Audley, they might give the fame arms. I could bring down the iflue and defcend- ants of this noble family to our own time, but as it is foreign to my purpofe, it would only fwell the work, and be of little ufe to the reader. I have chofen to omit all further no- tice of them, judging what has been faid fuf- ficient to (hew the farther alliance of the two noble families, and proceed, as promifed a- bove, to the new family of Stanley, feated at Stoneley. William de Audley, now Stanley, feate/i at Stoneley by the exchange above mentioned, both of name and eRate, had, no doubt, other feats and lands to which his pofterity might remove, as they increafed in number, by mar- riage or on other occalions, which I find to be the cafe, and has rendered their lineal and collateral fucceflion more obfcure and diffi- to purfue in a regular and fleady courfe, from J4 The- HISTORY of the from the goings out of fo many feveral bran- ches from this growing family, as I have met with in the long fpace of time from the con- queft to the prefent time. However, I have, I prefume, reduced and connected together as well the collateral as the direct line of this fpreading houfe, from the aforefaid William Lord of Stanley, to Sir Rowland Stanley of Hooton in Wirral, in the county of Chefler ; wherein I have ufed my bed endeavours to be. as con-eft as pof- fible, and flatter myfelf the reader will be fo candid as to excufe and amend any errors, iniftakes, or omiffions he may obferve in the perufal of this .work. William de Stanley, the firft Cord of Stone- ley, in the county of Stafford, in virtue of the aforefaid exchange, is * recorded (for hif- tory is filent therein) to have had a fon nam- ed William, by Joanna Stanley of Stafford, who fucceeded his father William in the feat and manor of Stanley, and part of Balterley, jvith their appurtenances. William * Herald's Office, Chefler. . HOUSE of STANLEY. 15 William Stanley the feeond, and fon of the above William, is alfo recorded to have been Lord of Stanley, and to have had iffue a fon named William ; but by whom' hiftory and record are both filent, being very obfcure and. defective in thofe early times. William the third, and fon of the above William, is (tiled * Milite or Knight, and is recorded to have had iffue two fons, viz. John and Adam, . but by whom hiftory avS well as record are flill filent ; neither do I find that John the elder fon ever poffeffed the eftate of Stanley, but died without iffue, and that Adam the younger fon fucceeded his father Sir William, in the honour and eftate, as is fully manifefted hereafter. f Adam, the fon of Sir William, and fourth Lord of Stanley, _is ftiled Sir Adam de Stan- ley, Filius William de Stanley Milite, et Pater William de Stanley, and is recorded to have had a fon named William, but by whom hiftory and record are ftill filent. on that head. WilHai * Herald's Office, Cheficr.' + Same C i6 The HISTORY of the * William, the fon of Adam, and fiftk Lord of Stanley, is ftiled William de Stanley, in the county of Stafford, Dom. de Stanley, et Dom. de Stourton, in the county of Chefter, et Forefturas Forefta, or chief ranger of the foreft of Wirral, by the grant of the tenth of King Edward II. 1316, who alfo gave him three bucks' heads for his arms or bearing. He married Joanna or Jane, the eldefl daughter and one ofthecoheirs of SirThomas Bamvill, by Agnes his wife, one of the daugh- ters and coheirs of Sir Alexander Sylvefter, Lord of Stourton (from whom Mr. Camb- den fays, the Stanleys derive themfelves, viz. page 560, that Hooton is a manor which in ,King Richard the Second's time fell to the Stanleys, who derive them from Allen Syl- vefter) but this is a grofs miftake, as well from the account above given, as his own former writing, wherein he fixes the original of the Stanleys, at Stoneley, in the county of Stafford. Sir Alexander Sylvefter was the fon oft Ranulph Sylvefter, and Ranulph was the fon of * Herald's OSce, Ctefter. * f Same Office^ HOUSE of STANLEY. 17 of Allen Sylvefter, (leward to Ranulph the third, Earl of Chefter, who gave him for his feat the manor of Stourton, with the bailiwick of W r irral, and the government of the foreft there, and inverted him therein by the delivery of a hunting horn, with certain fees and perquifites thereto annexed, to wit, among others, that he mould blow, or caule to be blown that horn, at Glover-ftonc, near Chef- ter, on every Chefter-fair-day, in token that the tolls or duties payable for all goods bought or fold in that place during the time of the fair, belonged to him, as a place of privilege to him and all his tenants there, exempt from the jurifdiclion of the city ; which horn is now preferved at Hooton, by the Family of Stanley, the defcendants of the faid Jane Bamvill and Sir William Stanley, who by the faid Jane had iffue two fons, viz. John and Adam, and one daughter, named Sarah de Stanley, who married Roger the fon of Roger de Haufket ; and Adam the younger brother appears to have died young and without iffue ; for I meet with no farther notice of him ; but John the elder fucceeded his father Sir William. D John, Sir WillianirfKhe fon of John, and feventh heir male of this fpreading houfe, is (liled William de Stanley, fenior, Lord qf Stanley and Stourton, and the twenty-fixth of King Edward III. 1375, he married Mary the daughter of Hugh Mafley, of Timperley, in the county of Chefter, and fifter to Sir Hamon Maffey, of Dunham-Mafley, by whom he had iflue two fons, viz. William and John. Of John the fecond fon, afterwards Sir John Stanley, we have herein much to ob- ferve, but (hall refpite for the prefent, and proceed with the direft line, and then return to every collateral branch. Si:- William, the elder brother of John, by Mary Mafley, was the eighth heir of this houfe, and fucceeded his father Sir William. HOUSE of STANLEY. 19 in honouiwand eftate ; and the tenth of Rich- ard II. he married Margery the only daugh- ter of William de Hooton, of Hooton, in the hundred of Wirral, and county of Chefler ; and by her had iflue a fon, named William, who is ftiled Lord of Stanley, Stourton and Hooton, and grand ranger of Wirral, in the county of Chefter. Sir William the fon of the aforefaid Sir William, was the nintfi heir male of this ho- nourable houfe, and fucceeded his father in honour and eftate ; and the fourth of Henry VI. he married Margery the daughter of Sir John Ardern of Hardin, by whom he had iflue two fons, William and John. John the younger fori married to the heirefs of Grefwithen, in the county of Cumberland, from whom are defcended the Stanleys of Delegarth and Arnaby in that county, whom we (hall herein further defcribe in due place. Sir William, father of the faid William and John, by Mrs. Ardern, was the firft that removed from the old feat of Stanley in the county of Stafford, to Hooton, in the hundred D 2 of 20 The HISTORY of the of Wirral and county of Chefter, who, for the enlargement and conveniency of his houfe, and better accommodation of his family, ob- tained licence from King Henry VI. to build a turret or tower at his feat' of Hooton, with embattled walls. Viz. Hide Gulielmo de Stanley, milite, Rex Henricus fextus, dedit Licentiam corjtru- endi et edificandi Turrum, apud Manenum fuum de Hooton in Wirral, per Literasjuas Patenus. Datus anno regni fuo J'ecundo. Which houfe and tower are now {landing, to which Sir William, the elder brother of John fucceeded, and was the tenth heir male of his family ; and the feventeenth of Henry VI. he married to Alice the daughter of Richard Houghton (as I conceive of Lanca- fliire) and by her had iffue a fon named William. Sir William, the fon of the above William by Mrs. Houghton, fucceeded his father Sir William, and was the eleventh male heir in a. dire6l line ; he married to one of the daugh- ters of John Savage of Clifton, Efq. and by. her m HOUSE of STANLEY. 2 i her had iffue two fons, John and William. I cannot difcover that John the elder was ever married, but rather that he died young and without iffue : But, Sir William, the fecond fon of the above Sir William by Mrs. Savage, fucceeded his father as twelfth heir male of his family. He was ftiled fenior, and married to his firfl wife, Margaret the daughter of John Brom- ley, Efq. by whom he had a daughter, who married to Gerrard of Brinn, in the county of Lancafter ; and Margaret his wife dying, he married to his fecond wife Agnes, the daugh- ter of Robert Grofvenor of Hulme, Efq. by whom he had a fon named William. Sir William his fon by Mrs. Grofvenor, fucceeded his father as thirteenth heir male of his family. He married Ann, the daugh- ter of Sir James Harrington, of the county of Lancafter, Knight ; and by her had iffue Catherine, William, Peter, John and Agnes. Peter the fecond fon married Elizabeth, the daughter and heir of James Scarefbrick, of Moor-hall, in Bickerftaff, by Margaret his ,2% The HISTORY of the his wife, the only daughter and heir of Tho- mas Atherton of Bickerftaff, which fhall be further fpoken of hereafter. How Catharine, John and Agnes were dif- pofed of, hiftory does not inform us, farther than that Sir William, the fon of the above Sir William, by Ann Harrington, fucceeded his father, and was the fourteenth heir male of his family, and is ftiled Sir W r illiam Stan- ley de Hooton. He married Grace, the fourth daughter of Sir \Villiam Griffith, Chamberlain of North Wales, and by her had iffue two fons, William and Rowland. Wil- liam died in his father's liie-time without iflue, and in his government of the Hie of Man, 1545; and Sir Rowland, his brother, fucceeded his father Sir William, in honour and eftate, being the fifteenth heir male of this noble Houfe, by the ftile of Sir Row- land Stanley, of Hooton. He married to his wife, Margaret, the daughter and heir of Hugh Alderfey, of Chefter, Efq. and by her had iffue a fon, named William ; but (he dying in 1607, he married to his fecond wife, Urfula, the fecond daughter and one of the coheirs of Thomas Smith, of the city of Chefter. HOUSE of STANLEY. 23 Chefter, Efq. but by her had no ifTue; this Sir Rowland was created a baronet in the Year 1661. And Sir William, the Son of Sir Rowland, by Mrs. Alderfey, was the fixteenth heir male in fucceffion, and married to his wife, one of the daughters of John Egerton, of Egerton, Efq. and by her had iffue a fon, named William. Sir William, the fon of flie above Sir William, by Mrs. Egerton, was the feven- teenth heir male that fucceeded his father in honour and eftate, and married to his wife, Alice, the daughter of Richard Hugh (or. Hughes) Efq. and fitter and heir to Henry Hughes, and by her had iffue a fon, named Rowland, with feveral other children ; but how they were difpofed of I cannot difcover, further than that Sir Rowland, the fon of the aforefaid Si%Williarn, by Mrs. Hughes, was the eighteenth heir male that fucceeded his father, by the title of Sir Rowland Stan- ley, of Hooton. He married to his wife, Anne, the daughter of Clement Pafton, of Barninghara, in the county of Norfolk, Efq. L bv 24 The HISTORY of the by whom he had iflue Mary, who married to Charles Harrington, of Huyton-Hey, in the county of Lancafter, Efq. alfo Anne, Char- lotte, William, Rowland, Dorothy, Eliza- beth, Winefrid, Catharine and Agnes. Ca- tharine married to Robert Blundell, of Ince- Blundell, in the county of Lancafter, Efq. how the reft where difpofed of, I am not further informed ; but that William, his firft fon, fucceeded him by the title of Sir William Stanley of Hooton, fon of Sir Rowland Stanley, and the nineteenth heir male of his family. : he married Catharine, the daugh- ter of Rowland Ay res, of Haftbp, or Ar- fop, in the county of Derby, Efq. by whom he had iflue Rowland, William and Eliza- beth who died young, John, Henry, Ann, Thomas, (who takes the name of MaffeyJ Charles and James. Sir Rowland, the eldeft fon of Sir William, by Mrs. Ayres, and twentieth heir male of this ancient and honourable houfe, being pofTefted of the honour and eftate of his fa- mily, which he enjoyed with much be- coming magnificence and liberality (the characlenftic of that antient houfe ; whofe hofpitality HOUSE of STANLEY. 25 hofpitality was well known amongft the poor and neceffitous) as his anceflors had done before him. At his death the diflreffed loft a benevolent friend, and the world a pattern of every Chriftian virtue. Thus having, for the prefent, brought down the genealogical defcent and fucceflion of this antient and mod worthy houfe, in a di- recl: line (with fome mention of the colateral branches) from Henry Stanley of Stoneley, who lived at the coming in of William Duke of Normandy to this kingdom, in the year 1066, being above feven hundred years; and having, we perfume, been correct therein ; we doubt not but this honourable Houfe may juftly challenge the firft rank for antiquity and lineal defent, from father to fon, with moft houfes in England. Give us leave now to return to John Stan- ley, Efqr. afterwards Sir John Stanley, who married Ifabel, the only daughter and lieirefs of Sir Thomas Latham, of Latham, in the county of Lancafter; and from him bring down the iflue and defendants of that co- lateral branch, as promifed, to the death of 3 E James 26 The HISTORY of the James late Lord Strange, which happened on the firft day of June, 1771 ; wherein I flatter myfelf, the reader will meet with as great variety of hiftory, and as many emi- nent, valiant, and heroic actions and per- formances as moft, if not any family in Eng- land can boaft of; fo that we may juftly ob- ferve, that, for antiquity, loyalty and bra^ very, few or none may compare therewith. John Stanley Efq. now to be treated of, was the fecond fon of Sir William Stanley, and Mary Mafley of Timperley, as in the pedigree before noted. He was born about the twenty-feventh year of Edward III. and had, for his patrimony, the old feat of New- ton, in the hundred of Macclesfield, in the county of Chefter. This brave and valiant gentleman, was one of the Captains under the command of his relation James Lord Audley, at the famous battle of Poiftiers in France, which was fought on the igth day of September, 1357, by Edward the Black Prince, fon to King Edward III. wherein John, King of France, was HOUSE of STANLEY. 27 was taken prifoner, and brought captive to England. Soon after this memorable viclory, a truce betwixt England and France was agreed up- on for two years, during which interval of public aftion, Mr. Stanley, being of a mar- tial genius, and intent to improve himfelf in the art of war, vifited moft of the courts in Europe, even as far as Constantinople ; wherein he made fuch advances in the fchool of Mars, that his fuperior (kill in arms was generally applauded in every country he paf- fed through; infomuch that the fame there- of gave him the character of the moft noted champion in (ingle combat of that age; and on his return back through France, the reputation of his bravery fo raifed the pride and envy of a haughty French combatant, that he followed Mr. Stanley to England, and there challenged the whole nation to produce a perfon to engage him in arms. Which being made known to Mr. Stanley, he accepted the challenge; and the time and place of aftion (by the King's direction) was to be at Winchefter, under thfc walls of E 2 which 28 The HISTORY of the which city he fought and killed him, in the prefence of his Majefty, and a numerous crowd of fpeclators. This public and gallant action caufed King Edward to take great notice of him, and as a reward for his bravery, honoured him with knighthood ; which raifed his re- putation all over Europe, and no doubt gained him the fecret good wi fhes of all the fair-fex prefent; amongft whom was the heirefs of Latham ; beautiful, young, and rich, which caufed her to be envied of her own fex ; but admired by the lovers of real beauty, virtue and merit. Sir John (for we muft now honour him with that title) declared himfelf her cham- pion and humble fervant; and after fome time of addrefs, gained an entire conqueft of her and all her favours, by an honoura- ble marriage, though with the unwilling .confent of her father, whofe reafons will be particularized hereafter. In the interim, let us leave Sir John in purfuit of his ho- nours and amours, in which the reader (hall be fully informed. With HOUSE of STANLEY. 29 With regard to his honour, fome time after his encounter with, and viclory over the afpiring French combatant, King Ed- ward the Third died, and King Richard the Second was advanced to the throne; who, in the firfl year of his reign, honoured Sir John Stanley with a commiffion to Ireland, to aflift in the total reduction of that kingdom. Wherein, by his prudence and good ma- nagement, he had fuch fucceis, that on King Richard's coming there in perfon, in the year 1379, he brought the great O'Neal, King of UHler; Rotheric O'Connor, King of Connaught ; O'Carrol, King of Uriel ; O'Rorick, King of Meath; Arthur Mc'Mur, King of Leinfter; and O'Brian, King of Thomond, before him, to make fubmiffion and do homage to him, as their fovereign King. And thus * Ireland was entirely fub- dued to the crown of England, though many rebellions have been feverely felt there fince that time. Who, in confideration and reward of the great and eminent fervices performed by Sir John * Hiiiory of the Wars in Ireland. go The HISTORY of the John for his Majefty's honour and intereft, granted to him by patent for life, the manor and lands of Black-caftle, in that kingdom ; and-, for the peace, good government, and better fecurity thereof, continued him there to the thirteenth year of his Reign, 1389; at which time his majefly returned to Ireland, and ftaid there all the winter, which gave his coufin Henry Duke of Lancafter and Hereford, (who had been banifhed by him for fix years) an opportunity of returning to England without his licence, or the full time of his exile being expired. This return of the Duke of Lancafter, who was an enterprizing Prince, of high fpirit, as well as blood, and of great power, infomuch that it is faid, when he afcended the throne of England, he was the richeft fubjecl in Europe ; and that the crown was more beholding to him, than he to the crown. All which, of courfe, muft give great anxiety and uneafinefs to the reigning king, and the peace of the kingdom ; even foreboding no lefs than a total fubveriion, from fo powerful a rival, as it after fell out. The great wealth of the Duke here fpoken HOUSE of STANLEY. 31 bf, appears vifibly in our days, by the ex- tenfive dutchy of Lancafter, which he took care to feparate, and for ever diftinguifh from the crown lands, by creeling Lanca- fhire into a County Palatine, by the name of the Dutchy and County Palatine of Lan- cafter, (ficut Ceftria) annexing to it a court, with a chancellor, attorney-general, council, &c. for the care and prefer vation of all its rights and privileges, with proper fubordinate officers for that purpofe. Wherefore the king being informed of this difagreeable news, and the danger of his ma- jelly's perfon, refolved to haften to England and made preparation for that purpofe, by appointing his trufty and faithful fubjecl: and fervant, Sir John Stanley, Lord Chief Juftice of Ireland for fix years ; with a grant to him by patent for life (for fupporting his honour and dignity) of one hundred marks a year, payable out of his majefty's exchequer there. And in the nineteenth vear of this king's reign, 1395, he made Sir John Stanley con- ftable of the caftle of Roxborrow, in Scot- land, a poft of great hazard as well as truft, being 3.3 The HISTORY of the being furrounded with enemies on every fide, which Sir John bravely repelled, with ho- nour to his prince, and reputation to himfelf. But the king his matter's affairs being in a declining and doubtful ftate, and Henry of Lancafter having raifed great forces againfl him, and being joined by many of the nobi- lity, made great progrefs every where, with- out refiftance ; which at laft prevailed upon King Richard to return to England, and landed at Barklowly in Wales ; where being informed that all the caftles, from the borders of Scotland, to Briftol, were delivered to the Duke of Lancafter, and that the army pro- vided for his affiftance, (whom he had fent before him for that purpofe) had, by his long delay in coming over to them, moftly dif- banded themfelves ; which fo difcouraged him, that he fell into a deep defpair, and the next night fecretly, with a few friends, left what army remained, and retired to Conway- caftle, in Wales ; where, with his friends, confidering the defperate ftate he was re- duced to. and how, in fome meafure to fup- port himfelf, and retrieve his misfortunes, among other expedients he recalled Sir John Stanley HOUSE of STANLEY. 33 Stanley from Scotland, to return to his go- vernment of Ireland, to fecure that king- dom in his majefty's intereft ; who being in- formed that the king was then in Conway- caftle, took that in his way, to receive his majefty's commands, whom he found in a miferable and defpairing condition ; forfaken by his friends and foldiery, and the Duke of Lancafter near him with a powerful army ; all predicting no lefs than a fudden revolu- tion ; which Sir John Stanley wifely fore- feeing, paid a private vifit to the Duke of Lancafter, and reconciled himfelf to him ; and then, agreeable to his duty to the prefent king, proceeded to Ireland, to preferve the peace of that kingdom for his majefty's fer- vice. The next ftep made by the king, was calling a * Parliament to meet at Weftmin- fter, on the feventeenth day of September, from whom he hoped for affiftance and relief in his prefent diftreffed circumftances. Reprefenting to them by Sir John Buihie, that the occafion of their meeting was, to 2 F lay * Cainb. Brit, page 1^38, 14.99 and 1503. The HISTORY of the lay before them the many grievances and fevere ufage he had met with from the Lords ; and alfo their harfh and unkind treatment of the Queen Confort ; and that he had called them together for redrefs thereof, and the reformation of many tranfgreffions againft the peace of the land, that the offenders therein might be punifhed according to their deferts. But this declaration was fo far from an- fwering the king s expectation, that the Duke of Lancafter and his friends found means to ieize his perfon, convey him to * Weftmin- fter, and the next day to the Tower of London. Soon after this a Parliament was called by the Duke of Lancafter, but in King Richard's name-; in which many articles of mifgovernment were laid to his charge, and thirty-three articles drawn up and exhibited sgainft him ; upon reading which, he was by the Parliament depofed ; but was advifed . by thofe about him, rather to refign the go- vernment in a voluntary manner, than be forced * The Hift. of King Richard's reign, HOUSE of STANLEY. 35 forced to it by compulfion ; wherewith he complied on the twentieth day of September, 130,0, ; where it may be truly obferved, that this king loft his crown more by his own neglect or indolence, than by the treafon of any of his fubjecls. After this refignation, and fer.tence of depofition, being openly read in parliament, Henry Duke of Lancafter was elected king; ^ and on the thirteenth day of Oclober fol- '[ lowing, was crowned king at Weftminfler, by the Archbifhop of Canterbury, by the r,aie, ftile and title of King Henry IV. Upon this king's acceflion to the throne, Sir John Stanley being ftill Lord Juftice of Ireland, and holding the government thereof in favour of the depofed King Richard, King Henry well knowing his very great power and intereft in that kingdom, and his fuperior (kill and experience, as well in the fenate, as in the field ; thought, for his in- tereft and fafety, to receive him into his fa- vour, and a fignal token thereof, granted to him and his heirs for ever, bt his letters patent, dated at Weftminfter :\ie firfl. F 2 ' Tanuarv. 36 The HISTORY of ike January following, the manor of Byuftra in Wirral, and county of Chefter, together with Sangham, Sangham-malfey, Moreton, Fourd, and NeiTon ; alfo feveral mefluages, lands, rents, and fervices in Neflon, Raby, Leadfholm, Mollington, Torret, Chefter, Claverton, Neither-Bebington and Lea, near Bardngton ; with the advowfon of the parifh church of the Holy Trinity, in the city of Chefter ; which advowfon is flill with his fuccefibr the prefent noble EARL of DERBY : but all the lands were fequeftered and fold (fave Upton) in the time of the unhappy ufurpation. , And in the rear 1400, the king for his rnqft eminent fervices in the prefervation of the peace of the kingdom, continued him there, and by . commiffion appointed him Lord Lieutenant of Ireland for fix years. But the king's enemies began now to (hew themfelvcs openly, and formed feveral plots, not only to difiurb his peaceable pof- fcffion of the throne, but even to cut him off: panicularly one contrived by the Abbot of x v'cft minfler, who was a kind of book-ftatef- rnan. HOUSE of STANLEY. 37 man (better read in the politics of Ariftotle, than thofe of Solomon) and remembering fome words fpoken by King Henry, when he was but EARL of DERBY; that is, "That Princes had too little, and the religious too much ;" and fearing now he was king he might reduce his words into actions, thought it belter to ufe preventing-phyfic, than {land the hazard of an after-cure. Wherefore, the better to perpetrate and effe6l his fludied treafon and rebelion, he in- vited to his houfe the mod factious and pow- erful of his party, viz. * John Holland, Duke of Exeter ; Thomas Holland, Duke of Surrey ; John Montague, Earl of Salif- bury ; Hugh Spencer, Earl of Glocefter ; John Bifhop of Carlifle ; Sir Thomas Blunt, and Maudlin, chaplain to King Richard; who after fome conference, refolved to take away the King's life. But this impious plot was happily difcovered in the nick of time, and the confpirators, or moO; of them execu- ted, when taken. And here it may not be improper to remark with a learned author. **" That he never knew a plot in his life, but either * Hiflory of Henry IV. 3 8 The HISTORY of the either a prieft or a women, or both, had a hand in it." And now the hot Englifh blood was no fooner cooled by the above executions, but the Welfh boiled up to a high ferment, by the. inftigation of one Owen Glendour, an Efquire of Wales, brought up at the inns of court in London (a man of a fiery and af. piring temper) who endeavoured to draw his countrymen the old Britons into a general rebellion againft King Henry; and to en- courage them therein, infmuated, that this was the critical time to effeft his and their liberty, from the Englifh yoke: for that a new confplracy was formed againft King Henry by the Piercys, Earls of Northum- berland and Worcefter, with Henry Hotfpur, and other perfons of great power, by whofe affiftance they could hardly fail of becoming a free people once more, under their own Princes; by which they were fo effefted, that a triple leauge ofFenfive and defenfive, was entered into by Glandour, the Piercys, and the Earl of March, under their hands and ieals ; whereby it was agreed, that all Eng- land and Wales fhould be divided into three HOUSE of STANLEY. 39 three parts; the firfl from Severn and Trent fouth and eaftward, to be the portion allot- ted to the Earl of March: fecondly, all Wales and the lands beyond Severn, weft- ward, to be the lot of Owen Glendour : and thirdly, all the remainder of the land from Trent, northward, to belong to, or be the Lord Piercys. Upon this conclufion, the Piercys being joined by a large body of Scotch and draw- ing to their party the Earls of Stafford and Scroop, the Archbifhop of York, with ma- ny others of great power, purpofed to join the Welfh captain, Owen Glandour, and his Welfh forces. This formidable confpiracy and powerful preparation, might well give the King great uneafmefs, and engage him to procure all poiTrble aJIiftance from his friends and allies; amongft whom he called Sir John Stanley, from the government of Ireland; who, on his leav^ig that kingdom, appointed his brother, Sir William Stanley, then Lord of Stanley, Stourton and Hooton, his de- puty ; and on his arrival at court, was im- mediately 40 The HISTORY of the mediately appointed fteward of the king's houlhold, and by his advice and affiftance, the * king raifed a formidable army, which he headed himfelf, with his fon and Sir John under him, and with them marched againft the rebels ; but took fpecial care they might not be joined by the Welfh ; and near Shrewsbury met and engaged the enemy. The fight was very furious on both fides ; and though the Scots and the Earl of Nor- thumberland behaved with the greatefl bra- very, yet victory relied on the king's fide ; wherein Sir John Stanley, by his known courage (which was eminently diftinguiihed on this critical occafion) and prudent con- duel:, contributed not a little. The Earl off Northumberland was flain in the field ; the Earl of Worcefter taken prifoner and beheaded ; and of the other Officers and Soldiers 6oco were flain in the field of battle. Upon this fignal vic- tory, the King caufed public thanks to be given to Almighty GOD. And ry of Henry IV. f B 7 the Rebellion of this Earl, the Ifie of Man was forfeited to King Henry. HOUSE of STANLEY. 41 And for the fuppreflion of Owen Glen- dour and his party, the King fent his fon Henry, Prince of Wales, into that country with his whole army ; but before their arrival there, upon notice of the king's victory over Northumberland, Owen Glen- dour was abandoned by all his followers; and lurking in the woods and mountains, was there ilarved', and famifhed to death. Thus the king was, by the wifdom a/id good conduct of himfelf and officers, and the valour and bravery of his troops, hap- pily delivered from the power and malice of all his rebellious fubjects in this quarter. But being informed that the city, caftle, and precincts of York, ftill held out for the late King Richard, then a prifoner in Pomfret-caftle, he gave commiflion to Six- John Stanley and Roger de Leke, to march with the army thither, and reduce that place to his obedience, and feize it for his ufe ; which they accordingly effected. And the Ifle of Man beirig by Northum- berland's late rebellion, forfeited to the king, 2 G he i- The HISTORY of the he called Sir William Stanley from the go- vernment of Ireland, and gave him commif- fion, with a proper force of men and fhips, to feize that ifland to his majefty's ufe, which he completed; and Sir John Stanley's pre- fence with the King being of the utmoft confequence, his majefly appointed his youn- ger fon, Thomas Earl of. Lancafter, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, who landed at Car- lingford, in that kingdom, the fecond of Auguft, 1405 ; and for his better afliftance, appointed Sir John Stanley, Attorney-general to that prince. The year following, 1406, Sir John ob- tained a licence from his majeily, to fortify a fpacious houfe he was then building at Liverpool, with embattled walls ; which, -when finifhed, he called the Tower ; being, ever fince, well known by that name, and is now (landing in good order. The Ifle of Man being now feized into the King's hands by Sir William Stanley, .Sir John, in the fame year, obtained a grant thereof by patent for life; but in the month of October following fuch grant, the King and HOUSE of STANLEY. 43 and Sir John came to a new agreement ; whereby Sir John was to furrender to his majefty, the faid grant of the Ifle of Man for life; likewife his two patents for life, of the manor of Black-caftle in Ireland, and the annual annuity of one hundred marks, payable to him out of his majefty's exche- quer in Ireland. On the fixth of April, 1407, Sir John delivered up the faid patents, to be cancelled in the chancery of England ; in confidera- tion whereof, the king re-granted the Ifle of Man to Sir John Stanley and his heirs for ever, with all the royalties and franchifes thereto belonging, together with the patron- age of the bifhopric there, under the ftile and title of KING of MAN, in as full and ample manner as it had been granted to any former lords thereof. The grant to be held of the crown of England (per homagium legium) and pay- ing to the king, his heirs and fuccefTors, a caft of Falcons at their coronation. After fuch homage made, and carrying the Lan- cafter fword on the left-fide of the king at G 2 every 44 The HISTORY of the every coronation, in full of all duties, de- mands and fervices whatfoever. In the tenth year of this king's reign, he appointed Sir John Stanley, Conftable of Windfor-caftle, and Knight of the moft no- ble Order of the Garter, and continued him in his royal efteem and favour during the re- remainder of his life, which happened in the 'year of our Lord, 1413, and the thirteenth year of his reign. He was fucceeded in the throne, by his moft martial and heroic fon, Henry, Prince of Wales, by the flile and title of King Henry V. with whom Sir John Stanley was in fuch high efteem, that in the firft year of v his reign, he appointed him Lord Lieutenant of Ireland for fix years, as his father had done ; and on the feventh of O61ober that year, he landed near Dublin ; but on the fixth of January following, he died at Ardee, to the great grief of the family, and the lofs of the nation, in fo eminent and ufeful a fubject. By this gentleman's death, the king and country HOUSE of STANLEY. 45 country were deprived of one of the moft valuable members of fociety and public fpirit : who, through four kings' reign, had made as great a figure, and acquired as much honour, as any of his contemporancs in the Britifh nation. Agreeable to the character given him by the learned author of the book of Dunmow, that is, That his youth and martial fpirit, gave him thofe fine qualities which compofe a complete gentleman, a brave and generous herp, an accomplifhed courtier, and a lover of his king and country He was a profound ftatefman, a wife and juft patriot, and an honeft politician. In fhort he was Vir illujiris in concilio, Strenuus in omni prdio ; Princeps Militcz in Anglia, Et in omni reguo Qrnatijfimus. His arms or bearings were thofe of his fa- mily : three {lags' heads, together with thofe of the Latham family, into which he mar- ried. He 4 6 The HISTORY of the He married Ifabel the only daughter of Sir Thomas Latham, of Latham, in the county of Lancafter ; and, (as near as 1 can collect) about the time of his being appointed Lord Juftice of Ireland, by Richard II. By her he had ifTue two fons, John and Thomas, and one daughter named Alice. She married to her firft hufband Sir Thomas Dutton, of Button, who died in the year 1431 ; and to her fecond hufband, Sir John Wotton. Thomas the younger fon married to the daughter and heirefs of Sir John Arden, of Elford, in the county of Stafford : and John the elder fon fucceeded his father, by the title of John Stanley, Efq. the fon of Sir John, who may be juftly efteemed the common father of the EARLS of DERBY; for from him they all fprung, as at large hereafter. In the interim, before we enter into farther hiftory of them, give me leave, by a mort di- greffion, to give the reader the antiquity and genealogy of the houfe of Latham ; as it will not only afford us a clearer hiftory of the feveral worthy families, the Houfe of Stanley intermarried with, but will clear up, and il- luftrate, many occurrences yet unknown to the HOUSE of STANLEY. 47 the world, and be of ufe and ple.afure to the reader. The firft of the ancient houfe of Latham I meet with in record (for hiftory is filent in that point) is fliled Sir Henry de Latham, of Latham, in the county of Lancafler. This gentleman lived at, or rather fome time before the conqueft ; but who ihe mar- ried I cannot difcover ; but record is clear that at his death he left a fon and heir, (tiled Sir Robert Latham, knight, fon of Henry. T This Sir Robert Latham, was a very emi- nent perfon, and recorded to be the founder of Burfcough-abbey near Latham ; and alfo to have held of the Lord of Widnefs, in the county of Lancafler, under the fee of * Hal- ton, in the county of Chefter, the manors of Knowfley, Huyton, Roby, and Torbuck, on payment of a certain rent, and knight's fer- vice, of which more fully hereafter. At his death he was fucceeded by his fon and heir, (tiled alfo Sir Robert Latham, Of * Records of Halton in Cheshire. 48 The HISTORY of the J Of this fecond Sir Robert. I have little to remark, but that he fucceeded his father in honour and eftare, and that he died in the year 1266, and left a fon and heir fliled Sir Robert Latham, fon of Sir Robert. Sir Robert Latham, the fon, and the third of that name, fucceeded his father Sir Robert; but of him little is recorded more than that he died in the year 1324, and left a fon and heir named Thomas, but by whom is not faid. This Sir Thomas Latham- I find by re- cord, married the fifteenth of Edward III. the ypungeft daughter of Sir Hamon Mafley, of Dunham- mafley, in the county of Chefter, and by her had iflue one only daughter, whom he named Ifabel ; of whom, and her pofterity, we have much to obferve ; but having defcribed and brought down the male line of her family of Latham, we (hall next proceed to her and her iflue by Sir John Stanley. Ifabel, now Lady Stanley, widow, did, on the death of Sir John her hufband, return with her children from Ireland to Liverpool, and HOUSE of STANLEY, 49 and lived in the houfe ere6led there by Sir John, called the tower, the fcite whereof was given to him by her father, and contains about 650 fquare yards, or 33230 feet; to- gether with feveral other bargage houfes and lands in that town, fometime after her mar- riage ; which was not agreeable to her father; who was in all refpefts qualified to recom- mend her, by a fortune equal to any addreffes made her, of which (lie had many fuperior in Worldly fortune, to Sir John. But fortune herfelf largely (liared her fa- vours to him, with a liberal hand, in the gifts of riches, honour, and dignities, which at this time had their proper influence with her father Sir Thomas ; who, by all the accounts I have feen of this affair, intended a plentiful proviiion for her, but not the grofs of his large poffeflions ; as will more fully appear in the following narrative. Sir Thomas Latham lived in the reign of King Edward III. and he and his lady being highly advanced in years, without any 'other iffue than the above Lady Stanley ; and he being defirous of male iflue (even when he 3 H was The HISTORY of the was a child) but defpairing thereof, by hia own lady, had a love intrigue with a young gentlewoman of his acquaintance, whom he kept concealed in a houfe of retirement near him, until fhe bore him a fon, which accord- ingly happened ; but on due connderation, there ftill remained fome matters of confe- quence to be adjufled, for the future peace and quiet of Sir Thomas's mind, and the full completion of all his joys and wifhes on this grand occafion. The firfl of which was, how and in what manner to publifli the birth of his young fon, arid he not fo much as fufpe&ed to be the real father of him. And, in the next place, how to amufe and fecure his lady from the pangs of a jealous mind, and fecure her motherly care of the young infant in fuch a manner, that he might be nurfed and brought up in his own houfe, free from all fufpicion or uneafinefs betwixt them. And, laftly, that he might, with the grea- ter freedom and pleafure, overfee and ex- tend HOUSE of STANLEY. 51 tend his paternal beneficence to him by a&s of charity, and thereby fcreen himfelf. from the ill-natured reflections of an inquifitive and cenforious world. Wherefore, the better to effect thefe nice and tender points, he had recourfe to a pious cheat, by imparting the whole fecret to an old and trufty fervant, in whom he could confide; and confulted with him on the moft likely and proper means to compafs his in- tended projects.. After feveral fchemes and propofais on both fides, they at laft hit upon the follow- ing expedient, which they judged the mod, probable to anfwer all Sir Thomas's ex- pectations. Wherein they had confidered, that, as an Eagle frequently formed her neft in a large thick wood, in the moft defolate part of his park, where feldom any thing were feen but guefts qualified for fuch a difmal habita- tion ; therefore if the child was taken and laid there, as if brought by the Eagle, it H 2 might, 5 2 The HISTORY of the might, on a pretended accidental difcovery, complete the whole project. Sir Thomas approving hereof, made ufe of the event, and gave directions to the mother to have the infant well fed, and rich- ly dreft, early the next morning, at an hour the fervant was to call- for it ; which being done, and given to him, with inllruclions to lay it at the foot of the tree the Eagle ufually frequented, and to cover him fecretly from all obfervation, that he might fee and guard him from all outward injury, either from bird or beaft of prey ; which he performed with all imaginable privacy. And here permit me, before I proceed further on this head, to leave the child at reft, for a while, in his new apartment; and give the reader, by a fhort digreilion, the old ftory of a child faid to be found in an Eagle's neft at Latham, as tranfmitted ta us from generation to generation; which yuns in the following terms, viz. That Sir Thomas Latham and his Lad\ taking their ufual walk in his park, drew near HOUSE of STANLEY. 53 near to the defert, and wild fituation, where it was commonly reported an Eagle ufually built her neft; and upon their near approach thereof, heard the cries of a young child, which they ordered the fervants attending to look for, who, on fearch, reported it was in the Eagle's neft, which they directed to be taken down, and to their great furprize and wonder, was, on examination, found to be a male infant, drefled in rich fwadling clothes: and they, having 'on male iflue, looked upon this child as a prefent fent from heaven, and that it could belio lefs than the will of GOD, that they mould take him im- mediately under their care and protection, which they accordingly did, and had him carefully nurfed and baptized, by the name of Latham ; and (according to tradition) he became pofleffed of that large eftate, and at his death left an only daughter named Ifabel, whom Sir John Stanley married; and in memory of this event, took the Eagle and Child for his creft, as fince ufed by his noble fucceflbrs, the EARLS of DERBY. Thus far goes the old tradition, which on due examination and juft information, 54 The HISTORY of the will appear to be meer fable and fi&ion, and highly improbable, when compared with the relation I (hall give of this uncommon tranf- adion, from real fa6t. Whoever knows anything of the nature of Hawks in general, (of which the Eagle is principal) mud of coniequence know with what fury and violence they flrike their prey, killing all they floop to at one ftroke, or before they leave it; and know- ing this, mud allow it morally impoffible, that a bird of prey of that flrength and rapacious nature that an Eagle is known to be, fhould carry a live child to an airy unhurt, which (he never attends but when hatching or rearing her young, and then tears all to pieces (lie intends for herfelf, or them, as food; which they, while young, are unable to do for themfelves. Befides, would it not be flretching our imagination to a great length, to fuppofe, that a young child, drefled as this (as in the tradition) is defcribed to be, mould be left expofed in the open fields as a prey to all voracious creatures, deflitue of guard HOUSE of STANLEY. 55 guard or care; which is not reafonable to think, unlefs in time of plauge, famine, or war, when fome thing like this might poffibly occur, but none of thefe articles being al- ledged in the cafe before us, nor any infant known to be miffing, we may juftly conclude the old (lory to be meer tradition, without any juft foundation. Wherefore, let us return to the babe we left fleeping under the tree, where we may fuppofe his father Sir Thomas took care he {hould not lie long, by paying him an early vifit ; and, on his arrival, found him awake, and in need of afliftance, which he haftened to give him, by a fpeedy return home, and acquainted his lady and family with the ftrange event, who haftened to view fuch a miraculous difcovery ; which, to their no final! furprife, filled them with the utmoft confternation ; and unanimously agreed, that the infant's prefervation, in fo difmal and dangerous a fituation,. could be no lefs than a miracle ; and upon finding it to be a male child (which was wanting in the family) the good old lady was enamoured with him, and concluded it to be the will of heaven, that they ." 5 6 The HISTORY of the they fiiould adopt him for their fon and heir; which was readily agreed to by his father. And this being a time of the day when fuperftition and bigotry prevailed more than truth and reafon, Sir Thomas had little more to do, than to gild over this .pious fraud in the moft plaufible manner, and to raife and encourage his ladie's imagination and credu- lity to the higheft degree, as an effectual means to accbmplifh his defign. Which he further promoted, by addredmg himfelf to the good old lady in the follow- ing terms : That they having no male iflue, and he poffeffed of an extenfive patrimony, was unwilling it fhould pafs into the hands of {hangers to his name and blood, (tho' by the marriage of his daughter if (he ftiould fo long live) that he looked upon this child fo wonderfully preferved, as the gift of GOD to him, and that it could be no lefs than the will of heaven that he mould take this defo- late inhmt into his care and prote&ion. The good naturedlady, in pity and companion, as well as charity, agreed to her hulband's pro- pofal ; HOUSE of STANLEY. 57 pofal ; and had the infant carried home, nurfed and brought up with the fame care and tendernefs, as if (he had been his natural mother. And Sir Thomas feconding and improv- ing the occafion, had him baptized by the name of Ofkatel de Latham; a fecret then unknown to any but himfelf and the mo- ther, whofe name was Mary Ofkatel : and thus far Sir Thomas had, to his great plea- fure and fatisfaclion, completed his projecl. But, to give the greater fanclion to this fuppofed miracle, and to remove all fufpi- cion of fraud, Sir Thomas affumed for his creft an Eagle upon wing, turning her head back, and looking in a fprightly man- ner as for fomething (he had loft, or was taken from her. This hiftory, of the faid Ofkatel, and his pofterity, was fent me by the fame kind hand, Captain Samuel ,Finney of Fulfhaw, in the county of Chefter, Efq ; but of thefe articles, more at large hereafter* 3 '.I , 5 8 The HISTORY of the In the interim, give me leave to make foroe remarks of crefls in general, and of this here fpoken of, and that ufed by the EARLS of DERBY, in particular; and there- by (hew how apt the allufion is to the origin of the family I am to fpeak of, and how a- greeably confident with the hiflory of the crefl ufed by the noble Family above menti- oned, concering the origin and occafion whereof fo many fpeculations, difputes, and various opinions have been advanced by the curious in their hiftories of arms and crefts. Crefts to our gentry's arms, (as I have oblerved from all antiquity) have been affu- med by them at pleafure, and agreeable al- lufions appropriated thereto ; and ancient *nedals, fignals, ftatues, infcriptions and paintings, are the fureft guides to a right knowledge of antiquity, as thefe ferve to clofe up the many chafms that are frequent- ly met with, both in the literal and traditio- nal accounts of the ancients. So truly without thefe helps, our ideas and conceptions rnuft be lame, confufed, and imperfecl; this, in my opinion, has occafloned HOUSE of STANLEY. 59 occafioned the many conjeclural accounts that the world has received as fafts, for want of proper keys to unlock and expofe to light the dark cells of antiquity. The Eagle, as reprefented in the Stanley's Creft, has actually made a prey of the child; whereas Sir Thomas Latham's Creft implies a miraculous prefervation of it ; as the child is fuppofed to be brought there by that bird of prey, fo confequently its fafety would be attributed to an extraordina- ry providential difpenfation. Betides, I cannot find with any {hew oi: probability, that any of the Family of Stan- ley (of which I have given a particular genealogy) ever affumed the Eagle and Child for their creft before the union of the families of Latham and Stanley ; fo that confequently, there muft be fome fpe- cial and peculiar view or occafion for the aftumption of that creft by the Stanley's, rather than that taken by their common anceftor, Sir Thomas Latham, which I (hall endeavour to manifeft herein, although there remains no room with me to doubt the I 2 veracitv 6o The HISTORY of the veracity of what I have delivered on that head ; but fhall refpite that for a while, and proceed to enquire how it fared with the Foundling Oikatel, whom we left under the care of his kind nurfing-mother, the /Lady of Latham. As he grew in years, he was, as my * au- thor tells us, liberally educated by his fa- ther ; and when grown a man, made a com- plete gentleman, being refpeded and efteem- ed by all that knew him, as heir to the ex- tenfive inheritance of Latham, and was with his filter Ifabel, at the famous tournament by Sir John Stanley, and the French Cham- pion, at Winchelter aforeiaid ; where his inajefty was pleafed to take fuch notice of him as to honour him with knighthood, by the name and title of Sir Ofkatel de Latham, by which title we (hall henceforth fpeak of him. But in the mean time acquaint the reader, that this gentleman's funfhine of fortune, like a March day, foon changed its afpecl ; for, Sir Thomas Latham, being now in the evening of life, and intending to fet his houfe * Eiihon Ruttcr. HOUSE of STANLEY. 61 houfe in order, confidered that his daughter the Lady Stanley, and his mofl hopeful ifliie (being now near him) were his legiti- mate offspring, and by the Laws of God and Nature juftly entitled to his large pof- feflions; he therefore fettled the grofs of them upon that lady and her heirs for ever ; and declared Sir Ofkatel to be only his na- tural fon. , Sir Ofkatel, being thus degraded and fupplanted in the hopes and profpecl of an immenfe fortune, was flighted and defpifed by his unthought of rivals, who, either to diftinguifh or aggrandize themfelves, or in contempt and derifion of their fpurious bro- ther, took upon them the Eagle and Child for their Creft, in token of their conqueft over him, which to me plainly manifefts, the variation of the two crefts above-menti- oned, and the reafon of it. However, Sir Thomas not quite forget- ting his affe&ion for, and kind intentions to his Son Ofkatel, referved and fettled upon him and his heirs for ever the manors of Irlam and Urmfton, near Manchefter, in the 62 The HISTORY of the the county of Lancafter; with feveral other large trafts of land and demefnes in that county; alfo the manor of Hawthorn, and many other lands and tenements in the county of Chefter; and gave him the fig- net of his arms, with the creft afTumed by him for his fake. By the above referve and fettlement, Sir Thomas raifed a new family of his own name, and though not in the old feat as he had once intended, yet gave them a large patrimony which enabled them to make a leading figure in the world, to the time of the Ufurpation ; when taking part with, and maring in the fate and fufferings of his noble relation the EARL of DERBY, they, as well as he, were greatly reduced, as will appear hereafter. Thus far we have attended Sir Thomas Latham, through the courfe of his life, and near the exit of it; wherein many cu- rious and remarkable events have been re- lated of him. Let us therefore now leave him to die in peace, at a good old age like a fhock of corn ripe for gathering in- to HOUSE of STANLEY. 63 to the ftore-houfe of perfection; and pro- ceed to the iflue and defcendants of his daughter the Lady Stanley. Ifabel de Latham, now Lady Stanley, had iflue by Sir John Stanley the firft, two fons, Thomas and John, and one daughter named Alice, who married Sir Thomas Dutton, of Button, in the county of Chef- ter; and Thomas the fecond fon married to Maud, the only daughter and heir of Sir John Ardern, of Elford, in the county of Stafford, of whom we (hall treat more ful- ly in due place. And as for our difconfolate friend Sir Ofkatel, we fiiall only obferve at prefent, that tho' degraded and fupplanted in a fair inheritance, yet we have brought him to his age, and placed him at the head of a large patrimony and new family of the fame name of his father, which his rivals could not boaft of. Wherefore we (hall for the prefent for- bear all further hiflory of him, or them, which might throw us into fome confufion, and 64 The HISTORY of the and render our hiftory lefs intelligible; fo that having gone through the main or di- rect line, we (hall fully treat of every fe- parate or colateral branch, as they occur in point of time, as near as we can col- led, or be informed of. Beginning firft with John Stanley, Efq; eldeft fon of Sir John Stanley by Ifabel de Latham, who was at his father's death (whom he fucceeded) of the age of twen- ty-three or twenty-four years. He was a youth of great genius and vivacity of fpirit, being early taken notice of at court, and made fleward of the houfhold to King Henry VI. and was in the fifth year of that King, by the name of John Stanley, Efq; made conftable of Carnarvon-caftle, in Wales; -a poft of great trufl as well as hazard in thofe remote parts, and unfettled times; but by his prudence and good conduct, he kept the people in peace, and prefer- ved his majefty's intereft, though with much care and watchfulnefs. For the Welfh were at time (as it were) but young fubjecls to England, uneafy in temper^ HOUSE of STANLEY. 65 temper, and on every change of government frequently in tumults and infurreftions, oc- cafioned by the late rebellion of Owen Glen- dour aforefaid, many of whofe party and factious principles {till furviving, failed not to flir up new commotions, as occafion offered. Infomuch that King Henry, in the fe- venteenth year of his Reign, (Mr. Stanley, being then groom of the Bed-chamber to that Prince) gave him, in reward of his loyalty, and faithful fervices, a grant of all the lands late Nicholas and Saxon's, in the counties of Carnarvon and Flint ; alfo by a new commiffion appointed him Governor of Carnarvon, and Conftable of the caflle there for life, with the fee of 40!. per an- num ; and alfo conftituted him Sheriff of Anglefea for life, with the fee of 20!. per annum, and honoured him with knighthood, by which characler we (hall treat of him hereafter. And, in the mean time inform the reader, that by his vigilance and prudent manage- ment he not only fuppreffed all infurreclions, 3 K but 6G The HISTORY of ike but reduced the country to full obedience and tranquility. In which he was greatly aflifted by one John Dumbill, a valiant captain, who had ferved under his father when governor of the Caftle of Roxburgh, in Scotland, and was for his good and faithful fervice in Wales, retained the King's fervant, with a penfion of 5!. per annum, for life, payable out of the King's Exchequer at Cheller. This Dumbill was the fon of one Dum- bill, of Oxton, in Wirral, in the county of Chefter, and the original anceflor of the Dumbills of Lime, in that * county ; and, (as far as I can collecl:) was appointed by Sir John Stanley, his Lieutenant in that government during his abfence. Thus Sir John, having made all very pea- ceable in Wales, refolved to vifit the Ifie of Man, where affairs were in fome diforder; leaving the confervation and care of the peo- ple under his government, to his trufty friend, Captain Dumbill. And * Sir Peter Leicefter, in Cheihire. HOUSE of STANLEY. 67 And on his arrival in the Ifle of Man, we find him filled in their earlieft records (for before his time there were none extant) Anno quarto regalitatis noftra, which was the anci- ent ftile of their court rolls, and continued down to the time of Thomas the fecond EARL of DERBY; who, for great and wife reafons, (hewn when we come to treat of him, declined the title of King, and only ufed that of Lord of Man, and the Ifles. Sir John, now of mature age, and great experience in life, wifely confidered, that a juft regulation of the laws were a lading hap- pinefs to the people, and the beft fecurity to the prince, in refult whereof he confulted the judges, and others well (killed in the an- cient government, laws, and cuftoms of that ifland. And by their advice convened the whole body of the people to a certain place in the centre of the country, (fmce called the Tin- wald) where their grand annual court hath ever fince been held on the twenty-fourth of June, for the promulgation of the laws and ftatutes made for the future government K 2 and 68 The HISTORY of ike and obfervance, fome of which remain to this time, which we (hall treat more fully of when we come to defcribe the government of that ifle, and the feveral officers neceffa- rily employed therein. Sir John having adjuiled and completed his fyftem of government there to his own and his fubje&s fecurity and fatisfaciion, put the fame in motion by proper officers, over whom he appointed John Letherland, Efq ; (a neighbouring gentleman of Lancafhire) his lieutenant, a gentleman well ufed to, and (as a juftice of the peace) well acquainted with the diftribution of juftice ; and then re- turned to England. On his arrival at court, he was by com- wpiffion appointed one of the judges itine- rant for the county of Chefter, but died foon after. He married Ifabel, the only daughter of Sir John, and filler to Sir William Har- rington, who dying without iflue, fhe be- came heirefs to her brother, and miftrefs of the imc feat of Hornby-caflle, near Lancai- t.er t HOUSE of STANLEY. 69 ter, with its appurtenances ; and by her Sir John had iffue two children, a fon named Thomas, and a daughter named Alice, who married Sir Thomas Button, of Button,, in, Chefhire. The character given this gentleman by the learned of that age, affures us that he was a man truly great, of a mafterly geni- us, beloved by his prince, and an honour to his country; a kind hufband, a tender parent, and a true friend. And was fucceeded in honour and eftate, by his only fon Sir Thomas Stanley, (who had been knighted fome time before his father's death) and was in the fame year he died, made lieutenant of Ireland for fix years, as his grandfather had been: he called a Parliament in -that kingdom, for re- drefs of many grievances, in the year 1432; but being called to England by his majefty's command, left Sir Chriflopher Plunket, his deputy, and on his coming to court was comptroller of his majefty's houfhold, but by his abfence, the King's minority, and the ab- fence of the military men in France, thelrifli were The HISTORY of the were grown very infolent, infomuch that he was obliged to return to that kingdom, which he did in the year 1435; anc ^ wi^ 1 the power of Meath, and other afliftance, he took Moyle O'Neal, prifoner, and flew great numbers of the Irifh ; and about Michaelmas after he came to England again, and left Richard Taibot, Archbifhop of Dublin, and brother to the Earl of Shrewfbury, his de- puty ; and the eleventh of Henry VI. he was upon an inquiiition poft Martem, his father found to hold (as heir to Sir Robert, de Latham, of Latham) of the Lord of the Manor of Widnefs, in the county of Lancaf- ter, in the time of Edward II. in the fol- lowing words, viz. Thomas Stanley Milite, Comptroller, Dominus Roberlus de Latham, Temt et Dom. de Widnefs, Manena de Know/ley, Huyton, Roby, et Torbuck, pro una fada Militis dat de relievo, cum accederit five pounds. This Fcedary is extracted out of the re- cords of Halton, tempe Edward II. et Henry VI. And the eighteenth of Henry VI. HOUSE of STANLEY. 71 VI. he was appointed by William de la Poole, Earl of Suffolk and fole judge of Chefter for life, to be his deputy. Ouam Dm fibi placuerit. And the year following, (the nineteenth of Henry VI.) it appears, by record, that whereas William de la Poole, was made judge of Chefter for life, he now maketh Sir Thomas Stanley, and William Ruckley, of Eaton his Lieutenant Juftices, and that they (hall receive 40!. per annum, per manus camerary ; dated the eve of the Annunciation of the blefled Virgin Mary, the nineteenth of Henry VI. And in the twenty-fixth of Henry VI. being then comptroller of the king's houf- hold, he with others, obtained a grant of all the goods and chatties of Humphrey, Duke of Lancafter, with power to difpofe of them without account. And the next year he with John, Lord Vifcount Beaumont, and others, were com- mimoned to treat with the Scots, for a truce betwixt both realms, and he was the year after 72 The HISTORY of the after appointed one of the confervators of the fame for the King of England. . And in the twenty-eighth of Henry VI. he was put in commiflion, with the Earl of Wiltfhire, and others for the cuftody and de- fence of the town and caftle of Calais, and the marches adjacent, with the tower of Reifbank, for the term of five years. . - And the next year he was again made one of the confervators of the truce with Scot- land, which was to hold good from the fif- teenth of Auguft, 1451, for three years, and of the continuance of the fame to the twen- ty-firft of May, 1457. - And in the fame year, he was made fole judge of Chefter, and continued therein to the thirtieth of that king's reign ; and that year was again commiffioned to treat with James, Earl Douglas, of a new truce with Scotland, which was to hold to the four- teenth of July, 1458. . And in the thirty-fourth of that king's reign, he was created Baron Stanley, and made HOUSE of STANLEY. 73 made Lord Chamberlain of the King's Ilouf- hold.-: In the thirty-fifth of Henry VI. he was, by the King's appointment, made one of the council to Edward, Prince of Wales. And in the thirty-feventh of Henry VI* the King fent orders to Sir John Manwaring, to deliver certain itate prifoners then in his cuftody, and particularly named to this Lord Stanley, for their greater fecurity, which was accordingly done. In the year 1460, he was again appointed one of the ambaffadors .to treat with thofe of Scotland, on affairs of the greateft mo- ment; but dying the latter end of the year, the nation was deprived of this very great and .valuable perfon, and, the King of one of his bed fubjecls. A character of,, this noble Lord feems needlefs ; his brave and worthy a&ions, and the high trails repofed in him through the whole courfe of his -life, have fully manifef- ted his pc-rfections, 'beyond what we can pof- 4 T, " fiblv 74' The HISTORY of the fibly fay of him ; yet, that we may not be wanting to do juftice to his merit, nor .defi- cient in the commendations, as given him by his contemporaries, of fo eminent a patriot; they inform us, that he inherited all the amiable qualities of his - father and grand- father ; that he was brave in the field, wife in the fenate, juft to his prince, an honour to his country, and an ornament to his fa- mily ; being the firft ennobled by royal fa* vour, from. their original^ to his time. I He married Joan, the only daughter and heirefs of Sir Robert Goumill, by whom he had iilue three fons, Thomas, William and John; and three daughters. Margaret, the eldeil, married to Sir William Troutback, of Chefhife ; Elizabeth, the fecond, to Sir Richard Molyneux, of .Sefton, in Lancaihire; and Catharine, the youngeft, to Sir John Savage, of Clifton, in Chelhire ; all fillers to Thomas, firit EARL of DERBY, who, in the fecond of Edward VI. was made Judge of Cheiler, and continued therein to the firft of Henry VIL when departing this life, he was fucceeded in honour and eitate, by ThomaSj his elded fon ; who was firft fummoned HOUSE of STANLEY. 75 fummoned to Parliament, the twenty-fourth of May, the firft of Edward IV. by the ftile and title of Baron Stanley, of Latham, and was made Steward of the King's Houf- hold that year. And in the fourteenth of that king's reign, being then Steward of his Majefty's Houf- hold, he was retained by indenture to ferve his Majefty in his wars with France, for one year, with forty men at arms, and three hundred archers. At this time John, Lord Scroop, whofe anceftors had formerly been Lords of Man, made complaint to the King, that this Lord Stanley bore the arms of that ifland. No decifion could be made therein at that time, for the reafons hereafter recited, by the King's letter, under his fign manual, dated the firfl of May, 1475. The King's Letter. DWARD, by the grace of God, King of England and France, and Lord of Ireland, remembring the pretence L 2 and 7 5 The HISTORY of the and claim of John Lord Scroop, {hewed unto us, for the bearing of the Arms of the Ifle of Man, which now our right trufty and right well-beloved Thomas, Lord Stanley, fleivard of our houfhold beareth, for brief- nefs of time, having no convenient feafon to know the determination of the fame, and providing fo, no variance therefore be had now in our voyage, have willed and defired that for the times and feafons, that the faid Lords fhall continue in our fervice in our realm of France, Dutchy of Normandy, or elfe where beyond the fea ; and alfo unto our and their returning next to this our realm of England, or either of them,' that the faid Lords -{hall abfiain and forbear the ufe and wearing of the faid Arms of the Ifle of Man ; whereunto for the faid defire, it is agreed, alway forefeen, that the faid will, defire, abftinence and forbearing, be not prejudicial in that behalf unto the faid Scroop nor to his heirs, nor be of none effect, flrength or virtue, but for the time above exprefTed." And in the twenty-fecond of Edward VI. Richard, Duke of Gloucefter, being fent HOUSE of STANLEY. 77 with an army againft the Scots, this Lord Stan- Jey, commanded the right wing, conlifting of four thoufand, and took Berwick by allault, though with the lofs of a great many men. As he ftood firm to Edward IV. fo after his death he was no lefs faithful to his fon, Edward V. which the Duke of Gloucefter (then proteftor to the young King) took fo ill, that he had a defign to murder him, and the young King his nephew, as is clear by his taking the Lord Haftings from the council-board, in the Tower of London, and caufing his head to be ftruck off. For at the fame time, one of the foldiers ftruck at the Lord Stanley, with a halbert ; and had he not fuddenly (looped under the table to avoid the blow, it had certainly cleft his head, and as it was, he loft much blood; all which might have been prevented, in cafe the Lord Haftings had given heed to a pro- phetk dream of this Lord Stanley, the night before ; which was, that a Boar, with hi* tufks, had fo gored and raifed them both. that the blood ran about their moulders, of which he gave the Lord Haftings fpeedy no- tice. 78 The HISTORY of the tice, with an invitation to come away, and with him to ride as far as they could that night; but he was not fo fortunate to regard the warning given him, and fo loft his head. And, although the Lord Stanley had the good luck to fave his, yet he was committed to prifon ; but as foon as that barbarous Duke got pofieffion of the crown, by the murder of his two nephews, in the Tower of London, the Lord Stanley was releafed and fet at liberty ; King Richard fearing that his fon George, Lord Strange (a vali- ant captain) might caufe an infurreclion, to, fct him at liberty, and put in danger his pofleflion of the crown. Therefore the King, to ingratiate himfelf with this Lord, and, if poflible to bring him over to his intereft, on the fixteenth of December, in the firft year of his reign, made him Conflable of England, for life, 'with the fee of icol. per annum, payable out of the King's revenue, in the county of Lancafter, with power .to make a deputy; and alfo had him inllalied a Knight Compa- nion of the moft noble Order of the Garter. But HOUSE of STANLEY. 79 But the Lord Stanley having married to his fecond wife, Margaret, the Countefs of Richmond, and widow of Edmund, Earl of Richmond, by whom he had one fon, named Henry, Earl of Richmond, who, in right of his mother, claimed a title to the Crown ; of which, notice being taken by King Richard, and that he was then in France, foliciting afiiftance from that King, to recover his right ; which, together with what afliftance he might reafonable expe6l from the great power of his father-in-law, the Lord Stanley, might render his poffeffion of the crown precarious, and greatly dif- turb his peace. Therefore this noble Lord began to be fufpecled as a well-wifher to the intereft of Prince Henry, and the Countefs his mother, was commanded to put away all her old fer- vants, and forbid to fend any meffages to, or receive any from, the Earl her fon. But the Lord Stanley wifely concealed all his fentiments in this critical conjuncture; and the better to cover and fecure himfeif from the fufpicions and jeaicufies of that ty- rannical So The HISTORY of the rannical King, requefted leave to retire into the country on his private affairs, and to raife forces for his Majeily's fervice. But tlie King knowing his great intereft, and fearing that under that pretence, he might give aid to ; his rival, the Earl of Rich- mond, refined -his eonfent, until he gave up George, Lord Strange, his fch and heir* as a hoflage for his loyalty. However, on the Earl of Richmond's land- ing, he failed not to meet him on the day of battle, with what forces he had collected ; but he himfelf had a private meeting with the Earl, the day before, at Atherflon, about fix miles fliort of Bofworth ; coming thither with great privacy, and the next day ap- proaching the field of battle, he openly ap- peared with his forces in favour of the Earl ; upon which the King lent him die following medage: That urilefc he did forthwith repair to his prefence, he would put his fon, the Lord Strange, to death, (who marched with him in the rear of all his forces, guarded by one troop of horfe and fome foot.) To which the Lord Stanley anfwered, That the King might HOUSE of STANLEY. 81 might do his pleafure ; and if he did put him to death, he had more fons alive, and was determined not to come to him at that time ; upon which he had refolved to put him to death, but was told by his Lords, and others about him, that his Majefty had a greater work in hand ; and that it was not a time to think of executions, but of defence, upon which the Lord Strange was fpared. The battle fpeedily enfued, and remained doubtful for fome time, until Sir William Stanley, of Holt-caftle, and brother to the Lord Stanley, came with three thoufand frefh men, who turned the whole aclion in favour of the Earl of Richmond, and gave him a complete victory, wherein King Richard was (lain, with a great number of his fol- lowers. Amongft the fpoils of the field was found, (what * Lord Bacon calls) an ornamental crown, which Richard ufed to wear on par- ticular occafions ; and fome fay, Lord Stan- ley, (but this great author, and others of ] M great * Lord Bacon's Hiftcrv, 82 The HISTORY of ike great authority fay, Sir William Stanley) put it upon the head of Henry, Earl of Richmond, and proclaimed him King, by the name of Henry VII. all crying aloud, King Henry ! King Henry ! This memorable and glorious battle (if any in ay be allowed that epithet) where fo many lives were loft, was attended with moil ex- traordinary confequences to the nation ; for by it they were delivered from the moft wicked, arbitrary, inhuman and tyrannical prince, that! ever fat '.on the throne of Eng- land ; and, as an additional blefling, it laid the foundation of friendship, regulation and union between the two ancient houfes of York and Lancafter ; betwixt whom, more blood had been flied, than in all the wars with France. The fame * year, on the twenty-feventh of October, King Henry created Lord Stanley. EARL of DERBY, and constituted him one of the Lords CommhTioners for executing ihe office of Lord High Steward of England, upon EiAoryof Henry VII. 14*5. HOUSE of STANLEY. 83 upon his own coronation, the thirtieth day of the fame month. On the fifth of March following, he had a grant of the high office of Conflable of England for life; with a fee of lool. per annum, payable out of the Kings revenues in Lancafhire, as before. In the fecond of Henry VII. he was one of the godfathers to Prince Arthur, the King's firft-born fon ; and in the third of Henry VII. one of the CommhTioners for executing the office of Lord High-fteward of England, on the coronation of Queen, Elizabeth, confort to that King. In the fixth of Henry VII. he was com- miflioned, with George, his fon, to borrow money in the county of Lancafler, for the fupport of the King's expedition into France. The eleventh of faid King's reign, he was one of the guarantees of that peace, made between that King, and the Archduke of Auftria; and fame year, was one of the M 2 Lords 84 The HISTORY of the Lords that affented to the peace made with France, at the Staples on the Sea, near Co- logne, in 1492, but died in the year 1504, the nineteenth of Henry VII. as appears by his will, dated the twenty-eighth of July that year, and the probate thereof on the ninth of November following. Wherein he, by the title of Thomas, EARL of DERBY, Lord Stanley, Lord of Man, and Great Conilable of England, bequeathed his body to be buried in the midft of the chapel, on the North aide of the church of Burfcough, near Latham, in the county of Lancafler, of his anceftors' foundation; where the body of his father and mother, and others of his anceftors lay buried ; having moulded a tomb to be there placed, with the perfonages of himfelf, and both his wives, for a perpetual remembrance to be prayed for. And likewifc appointing, that the perfo- nages he had caufed to be made for his father and mother, his grand-father and grand- mother, and great grand-fathers, (liould be fet HOUSE of STANLEY. 85 fet upon the arches of the chancel within that priory, in the places provided for the fame. And though he had formerly given to the prior and convent of that houfe, large gifts in money, jewels and ornaments, and like- wife made great reparation there, he further bequeaths unto them twenty pounds, to the intent that they mould be obliged by their deed, under their convent feal, to caufe one of the canons of that, houfe, daily to fay Mafs, in the before-mentioned chapel, for his foul ; alfo, for the f(\ul of his lady (then living) after her deceafe; likewife, for the foul of Eleanor, his former wife ; and for the fouls of his father, mother, anceftors, children, brethren and fitters ; alfo, for the foul of William, then late Marquis of Berk- ley, and for the fouls of all thofe who died in his, or his father's fervice ; and every Mafs before the Lavatory, audibly to be faid for the faid fouls appointed by name ; and all others in general, de profundis clamavi, and fuch other orifons and collects as are ufed to be faid therewith. And 86 The HISTORY of the And furthermore he willed, that his foil, Sir Edward Stanley, (hould have and enjoy the caftle of Hornby, fo long as he lived ; but departed this life the ninth of Novem- ber next enfuing. This noble Earl married to his firft wife, Eleanor, the fourth daughter of Richard Nevill, Earl of Salifbury, and by her had Iflue fix fons and four daughters, of all which in their order. Thomas and Richard, his two firft fons, died young; and George, his third fon, mar- ried Joan, the only daughter and heirefs of John, Lord Strange, of Knocking, near Shrewfbury, and was fummoned to Parlia- ment by the title of Baron Strange, the twen- ty-fecond of Edward IV. Place as in Strange, the twenty-ninth of December, twenty-eight of Edward I. and afterwards to the twelfth of Henry VII. inclufive. And before his faid marriage, he was one of thofe noble perfons who received the ho- nour of Knighthood, by bathing with Prince Edward, the King's elded fon, the eighth of April, HOUSE of STANLEY. 87 April, and fifteenth of Edward IV. and in the firft of Henry VII. he was made one of the Lords of the Privy-council ; and in the fecond of Henry VII. he was appointed one of the principal commanders of the King's army, at the battle of Stoke, near Newark, and (hared greatly in the honour of that victory, then obtained againft the Earl of Lincoln, and his adherents, patrons, and fup- porters of one Lambert Simnel, who pre- tended to be the elded fon of Edward IV. and thereby claimed a right to the crown, prior to, and exclufive of King Henry VII. and his Oueen, and eldeft daughter of King Edward IV. In the feventh of Henry VII. he was re- tained by inder ^re, to ferye the King in France, with tei /en at arms, five demy lan- ces, twenty-four archers on horfeback, and two hundred and forty^feven archers on foot; each .man of arms to have his cuftrel and page, for one year, from the day of his firft mufter, and fo long after as it mall pleafe the King; and to mufter the fame at Guildford, in Surry, on the firft of June; and after fuch mufter, 88 The HISTORY of the mutter, on his arrival at Portfmouth, to re- ceive of the treafurer of war, the conduft- money, for bringing his faid forces to Portf- mouth, viz. fixpence for every one of them, for as many twenty miles as are between the houfes from whence any of them departed, and the faid town of Portfmouth ; and alfo to receive for each of the faid men at arms, garnifhed with his cuflrel and page, eighteen- pence per day ; and for every of the faid demy lances, ninepence per day ; and for every of the faid archers on horfeback, or on foot, fixpence, &c. Soon after the above action, he was made one of the Knights Companions of the moft noble Order of the Garter, and in the ninth of Henry VII. upon th^ n ege of Norham- caftle, by the Scots, he'l acf vanced with the Earl of Surry, and many others of the no- bility, againft thofe bold invaders ; but the enemy being retreated before they came up, nothing of note was performed. t He was at the Staples on the Sea, near Bologne, in France, the third of November, 1492. HOUSE of 'STANLEY. 89 1492. And on the fifth of December, in the thirteenth of Henry VII. He depart- ed this life, at Derby-houfe, now the col- lege of arms, on St. Bennet's-hill, Lon- don ; (his father then living,) and was bu- ried in the parim-church of St. James, Gar- lick-hithe, London, near to Eleanor, the Countefs of Derby, his mother. He left Iflue, by Joan, his Wife, two fons, Thomas and James ; and two daugh- ters ; Jane and Elizabeth. Jane married Robert Sheffield, Efq ; and Elizabeth died young; and of his two fons, more hereaf- ter. In the interim, I cannot well omit an infcription I met with in the church of Hal- lingdon, in the county of Middlefex ; as it relates to him, though I fuppofe occafioned by fome encomiums on his father, who had an eftate there ; but is fo defaced with time, that I could not fully take it off; however, as far as I could make it out with certainty, it is as follows. N " He The PIISTORY of the " Hc.majtaed his firft fon George, to no farm nor grange, But honourably to the heir of the Lord Strange ; Who lived in fuch love, as no man elfe had, For at the death of him, divers \vent almoft mad; At an ungodly banquet, alas! he \vas poifoned, And at London, in St. James's, Garlick-hithe, lies buried." William his brother, and fourth fon of Thomas, EARL of DERBY, died young and unmarried. Edward, his fixth fon, (tiled Sir Edward Stanley, was a gentleman of the fword, by which he acquired both honour and fortune, as afterwards will appear. James, the fixth fon of this noble Lord, was Dean of St. Martin's, in London, and made Bifhop of Ely, the twenty-fecond of Henry VII. alfo Warden of the Collegiate Church at Manchefter, in the county of Lancader; and lieth buried in the chapel of St. John Baptift, by him built, on the North-fide, of that church, with the following infcription on his tomb, viz. " Of vour HOUSE of STANLEY. 91 your charity, pray for the foul of James Stanley ; fometime Bifhop of Ely, and Warden of Manchefter ; who deceafed out of this tranfitory world, the twenty-fecond of March, in the year of our Lord, 1525. Upon "whofe foul, and all Chriftian fouls, Jefus have mercy." His four daughters before-mentioned were Joan, Catherine and Anne, who all died young and unmarried ; but Margaret, his fourth daughter, married Sir John Ofbal- deflon, of Lancafhire. This Lord married to his fecond wife, the moft noble Margaret, daughter and heirHs to John, Duke of Somerfet ; and widow of Edmund, Earl of Richmond; and the happy mother of King Henry VII. butrby her had no iflue. This great and noble Lord, died in the Year 1504, the nineteenth of Henry VII. as above ; and was fucceeded by Thomas, his grandfon, eldeft fon of George, Lord Strange, and his next heir ; of whom before N 2 I pjroceed 92 The HISTORY of the I proceed further, I have fome curious re* marks, and events, to relate of the late very eminent Lord; \vhich I doubt will be ac- ceptable to the reader, but I conceive they will not fo properly fall in order, nor be fo well underflood, as in this place. Therefore, as they have relation to his brother, Sir William Stanley, I requeft leave, by a mort digreffion, to give you the hiftory of that brave and gallant gentleman ; who, to the great furprize of the world, fuffered death, by Henry VII. and then return to a further defcription of the great EARL of DERBY'S pofterity and fuccefibrs, as before promifed. The firft notice I meet with in the hiliory of Sir William Stanley is, that he was fecond fon of Thomas, Lord Stanley, and brother to the aforefaid EARL of DERBY; that his feat was at the Caflle of Holt, in the County of Flint, and that the fourteenth of July, and the ninth of Henry V. a writ was iiTued out to him and others, to call to an account John Leigh, of Booths, for an arrear of one hundred HOUSE of STANLEY. 93 hundred and forty pounds, due from him, as late fheriffof the county of Chefler, to the King, and then unfatisfied. But the King dying that year a new writ was iflued to the fame perfons, againft the faid John Leigh, dated the fixth of Henry VI. to bring him to account for the very great arrears then due from him to the King, and yet unfatisfied And as the world at this time, were great Grangers to the office of a fherifF in thofe days, and as this proceeding againft that gentleman, may appear novel to many rea- ders, give me leave to obferve, from the in- formation I have met with on that fubjeft, that the fherifFs of this county, were at that time receivers of the King's rents, forfeitures, amercements, &c. and were looked upon as officers of high truft. The next office of note, I find Sir William for his good fervices advanced to, was Cham- berlain of the city and county of Chefter, by patent, bearing date "the firft of Edward IV. 94 The HISTORY of the IV. and continued therein, to the tenth of Henry VII. (though Sir Peter Leicefter, thinks this Sir William,- was of Hooton, but fpeaks doubtfully of it) faying, as he con- ceives, but I take it for granted, that Sir William Stanley, here fpoken of, was bro- ther to Thomas EARL of DERBY ; for I find upon fearch, that Sir William Stanley, of Hooton, his contemporary, and one of the King's carvers, was by patent of the twenty- fixth of February, in the fifth of Edward IV. made fherirf of Chemire for life : and this ap- pears to me, to have confufed Sir Peter, by the affinity of the name, and long continu- ance in office, not rightly distinguishing the men, nor the offices they feverally executed. From hence we come next to meet Sir William Stanley, at Bofworth-field, where he found King Richard and the Earl of Rich- mond, hotly engaged in battle, for the crown of England, and the victory doubtful, until he, with frefli forces, gave the honour of the day to the Earl, and proclaimed him King, as aforefaid. Soon after this viclory, King Henry took his HOUSE of STANLEY. 95 his journey to London, where he was met and welcomed by the Lord-mayor and She- riffs, and many other of the principal citi- zens ; by whom being attended, he went in great (late to St. Paul's church, and there made an offering of three ftandards. The fervice of the church being over, he went to the Bifhop's palace; from whence after fome time, he went by water to Weft- minfler, and there with great folemnity, was anointed and declared King, by the ftile and title of King Henry VII. and remained in profound peace for fome time ; but thefe days were not of long duration. For one Lambert Simnel, by the perfuafion and encouragement of his fchool-mafter, Richar^l Simon, a pried, fet up his title to the crown againil King Henry; taking upon him, and pretending to be Edward, Earl of Warwick, elded fon of King Edward IV. and lately efcaped out of the Tower of London, where he had been imprifoned. He gained great credit with many of the nobility and gentry affecled to the Houfe of York, gS The HISTORY of the York, who were ready to take his part, and even faluted him King. But, efpecially the Earl of Licnoln and the Lord Lovell, with many others, raifed an army in his favour, which, in a little time, was defeated at Stoke, near Newark, by George, Lord Strange, and others, as above. Young Lambert and his tutor, Simon the prieft, were taken prifoners, but both their lives fpared ; Lambert, becaufe but a child, and Simnel, becaufe a prieft, but kept pri- foner for his life. Lambert was taken into the King's kitchen to turn the fpit, and after- wards made one of the King's falconers. This importer and his adherents being thus defeated, King Henry remained in peace till the year 1493 ; when the Dutchefs of Bur- gandy, filler to King Edward IV. and an in- veterate enemy to King Henry, and the Houfe of Lancafter, difturbed his peace, by fetting up one Perkin Warbeck, to perfonate and take upon him to be Richard, the younger fon of Edward IV. This HOUSE of STANLEY. 9; This Perkin made a great noife jfi the world, and flood longer, being better fup- ported, and more powerful, than Simnel ; having been fent by the Dutchefs to Por- tugal, and from thence to Ireland, and to the Court of France, where he was enter- tained as a prince, and had a guard afligned him. He at laft returned to the Dutchefs of Burgundy, his pretended aunt, who received him as fuch, and profeffed openly that he was- her true nephew, and not only afligned him a guard of thirty perfons, but clothed them in murrey and blue, and called him the White Rofe of England, which in time prov- ed his overthrow, and it is probable, gave that future diftinftion ufed betwixt the white and the red rofe, the former being made ufe of in favour of a fpurious pretender ; for on which report, many in England reforted to him, and amongfl the reft, Sir Robert Clif- ford (an old acquaintance of Sir William Stanley) was fent by the party to acquaint the Dutchefs, with the great refpecl the peo- ple of England had for Perkin ; and upon conferring with him, Sir Robert wrote to his friends in England, that he knew him to be the true fon of King Edward IV. 5 O 'Upon 9 S The HISTORY of the Upon this, King Henry, agreeable to his ufual prudence, fent fpies into Flanders, to difcover the confpirators, and their defigns ; and being known by their countrymen thtre, were all taken and put to death, except Sir Robert Clifford, who made his efcape ; and returning to England, fubmitted himfelf to the King's mercy ; hoping, from the fecrets he knew, and the difcovery he was able to make, of the open and private abettors of that confpiracy, to merit the King's pardon arid favour. And, the better to ingratiate himfelf, he accufed his old friend, Sir William Stanley, then Lord Chamberlain ; affirming, that in a conference betwixt them, touching the pre- tended fon of Edward IV. Sir William mould fay, " That if he certainly knew the young man called Perkin, to be really the fon of Edward IV. he would never draw his fword or bear arms againfl him." Thefe words being confidered of by the judges, feeraed to exprefs a very fickle loy- alty to King Henry, (for who could tell how foon he might be perfuaded that he did know HOUSE of STANLEY. 99 it) befides that, the uttering of fuch an ex- preffion, was in itfelf, found to be difloyal to the King; and withal (truck upon a firing which always founded harfn in the King's ears, as preferring the title of York to that of Lancafler. Be that as it may, Sir William was arraign- ed, brought to the bar, and tried ; and, whe- ther trufting to the greatnefs of his fervice, the King's favour,, his own innocency, or the lightnefs of his crime, his pleading was very trifling, denying little of what he was charg- ed with ; and thereby, as it were, confefling himfelf guilty, was adjudged to die. Accordingly, on the fixteenth day of February, 1495, ^ e was brought to Tower- hill, London, and there beheaded ; and all his eflate, real and perfonal (which was very great) was confifcated to the King. And there are not wanting fome who believe, that this was a greater motive to forward his death, than any thing he either faid or did; avarice being, on many occafions, too vifible in this King's adminiftratior?, and to have had a large {hare in the profecution of the above unfortunate gentleman. 2 F Q r ioo The HISTORY of the For there were found in his caftle of Holt, in the county of Flint, in Wales, forty thou- fand marks of money ; befides plate, jewels, houiliold-goods and flock of cattle of great value ; and alfo, a yearly income of old rents on land of 3000!. per annum. By Joyce, his wife, daughter of Edward, Lord Powis, he had iffue one fon, named William, of whom more hereafter; alfo one daughter, named Jane, who married Sir John Warbur- ton, of Aries, in the county of Chefter, one of the Knights of the body to King Henry VII. "This was that great Sir William Stanley, \vl.o of his own power and intereft, raifed and brought three thoufand horfe and foot to the refcue of that prince, when his life, honour, and hopes of a throne, were all in vifible danger; gave him viclory, and crown- cd him King in the field. How could it then enter into his- head or heart to put him to death, who had done for him all that mortality could poffibly do ? fa- ved his life, vanquifhed his enemies, and gave him a crown ; and all his crime founded upon HOUSE of STANLEY. 101 upon a doubtful and unguarded expreflion, reported by a treacherous friend, a rebel, and a traitor to his King, by his own confef- fion, to fave his own life ; and therefore fhould have been the lefs regarded, where the duty, loyalty, and moft worthy actions of fo deferving a fubjecl:, were in competition with it. From this unhappy event, mankind may learn how cautious they ought to be in open- ing their mind too freely, even to the moft intimate friend, where the difcovery may either touch or concern their life, reputa- tion, liberty, intereft, or peace of mind, when he (hall think fit to difclofe and aggra- vate their moft innqcent words and mean- ings, by a malicious and invidious conftruc- tion. But it may be faid it was not the Earl of Richmond that did this, but the King of England; and I think it is a maxim, that the King in many cafes is not at liberty to {hew mercy as a private perfon may. But be that as it will, beheaded he was, and from the pinacle of honour, on a fudden brought 102 The HISTORY of the brought to the block. A fhocking thought! that nothing lefs than lofs of life could attone for words, without aftion, or even evil meaning, without a forced conftruction. And I think on this occafion I may obferve with a learned poet, that our God and foldier are alike adored, juft at the brink of danger; and the danger over, they are often both alike requited ; our God is forgotten, and our fol-> dier flighted. Lofs of favour, exile from court, and all public employments might have been born with ; but death gave a (hort period to all his glory and mod renowned performances for the public good, and the fervice of his King and country. And I think it is allowed by the bed phi- lofophers, that death is the fame thing to a coward, as to the valiant man ; but with this remarkable difference in point of honour and everlafting fame, that the brave and gallant man falls in vindication of his prince, religi- on, laws, liberties, and country ; and the fcoundrel abandons all in fear of loofmg a life that he neither deferves, nor can fave. However, in deference to royal authority. give HOUSE of STANLEY. 103 give me leave to obferve, what has been of- fered in mitigation of his Majefly's proceed- ings in this extraordinary and critical cafe, wherein it is fa id he underwent many drug- gies and conflicts of mind, before Sir Wil- liam was brought to trial. But it is probable other fubftantial reafons might be affigned for his Majefty's concern and uneafmefs in this point ; as knowing the very great power of his brother the EARL of DERBY, who, had married his mother, and had been eminently ferviceable to him, and who on this melancholy occafion, had retir- ed to his country feat, and that the grief and affliction that noble perfon muft naturally lie under, for the untimely lofs of fo worthy and near a relation (and feemingly on fo flight an occafion) might produce a refentrnent pre- judicial to his own fafety and peaceable pof- feflion';"and the King's future conduct feems to confirm the aforefaid reafons. For his Majefty appearing defirous to jufli- fy himfelf to the world, and efpecially to this great Lord, his Brother, upon what ground, and for what reafons, he had taken off fo va- luable 104 The HISTORY of -the luable and eminent a perfon as Sir William Stanley, and to keep well with the faid Earl, refolved the enfuing fummer to pay him and his Mother a vifit, at their feat of Latham, in Lancafhire. Of which, LORD DERBY being apprized, made fuitable preparation for the reception and better accommodation of his Majefly and his retinue, by enlarging his houfe at Knowfley, by the ftone building, and repair- ing and beautifying the other part ; and alfo that of Latham. And confldering that there was no certain or conftant paffage over the river Merfey, to Old Warrington, but by Latch ford, or Orford, and thofe very precarious, as well as dangerous; his Lordfhip determined to build a bridge over that river, that his Ma- jefty might purfue his progrefs without flop or hazard. To effect which, he purchafed a road, from the crofs ways leading from Sankey and Winwick, (now called Market-gate) to the river, through the field, now called Bridge- HOUSE of STANLEY. 105 Bridge-flreet ; and at the bottom thereof, ere&ed a fpacious {lone bridge, and threw up a caufe-way crofs the marfhes to the riling ground on the Chefliire fide, and kept the fame in repair all his life, and his fucceffors after him, to the time of William, EARL of DERBY, brother and fucceffor to Earl Ferdi- nand, who refufed to repair or amend the fame ; of which more hereafter. In the interim, the King arrived at Knowf- ley, on or about the twenty-fourth of June, 1495, an< ^ fro thence went to Latham, where having fpent about a Month with his Mother and Father-in Law, he returned to London, well fatisfied with his reception. Having now gone through what I had to obferve of this noble Lord, and his brother, Sir William Stanley, with regard to the time of the public tranfaction before related, I (hall as promifed, return to Thomas, Lord Strange, eldeft fon of George, grandfon and fucceflbr to the above Earl. This noble Lord fucceeded his grandfather in the Earldom of Derby, and had his livery 5 P* F io6 The HISTORY of the of all the lands his father died feized of, the ninth of July, and nineteenth of Heni-y VII. and alfo of the Ifle Man. In the twenty-third of Henry VII. on a treaty of marriage between the Lady Mary, third daughter to Henry VII. and the Prince of Spain, the King binds himfelf to Maximilian the Emperor, for the per- formance thereof, when they mould come to age, in 250,000 crowns, and that Hen- ry, Prince of Wales, mould do the fame: alfo Thomas EARL of DERBY, and other nobles, were bound in 50,000 crowns, for the like performance. In the fifth of Henry VIII. he attended that King in his expedition to France, in which they won Therwain, and Tournay, and obtained a glorious victory. In the twelfth of Henry VIII. on the Emperor's coming to England, and the King meeting him at Dover, this EARL of DERBY, rode betwixt that Monarch and the King, from thence to Canterbury; bear- ing, by the King's command, the Sword of State. The HOUSE of STANLEY. 107 The year after, he was one of the Peers that fat on the trial of the Duke of Buck- ingham, and was in mod high efteem in all the country, as well as at court, where he was not only beloved, but admired. With regard to the Ifle of Man, which I promifed to take notice of in this Lord's life, he wifely confidered, that it was given to his anceftors by King Henry IV. the chief of the Houfe of Lancafter, to whom, and to whofe pofterity his family had been fteady friends and adherents ; but now that Edward IV. chief of the Houfe of York, and his pofterity, were come to the throne, it could be no lefs than the high- eft prudence, as well as policy, to drop a title which might one time or other occa- fion jealoufy and miftruft between him and his Prince, under whom he muft claim that title; therefore to avoid all dif- putes, and even fufpicion of inclining to favour one houfe more than the other, he contented himfelf to make ufe of no other title than Lord of Man and the Ifles, which his fucceflbrs have continued ever fince. Thh io8 Tke HISTORY of the This noble Lord gave up his life the twenty-fourth of May following, the thir- teenth of Henry VIII. at Colham, in the county of Middlefex, and was buried in the monaftry of Sion, in that county, according to his will ; by which he ordered his body to be buried in the priory of Burfcough, in the county of Lancafter, if he happened to die in that county ; but if he died elfewhere, then to be buried in the faid monaflry of Sion, or in the college of Afherugg, in the county of Bucks, as his executors (hould think fit ; and that his body (hould be buried according to his honour, but without pomp or excefs. And further, by the faid will it appears, that he had four thoufand marks with his lady on their marriage : and he bequeaths to his daughter for her marriage portion, two thoufand fixty-fix pounds thirteen (hillings and fourpence ; and to his well-beloved bro- ther, James Stanley, Efq. an annuity or an- nual rent of fifty pounds by the year, for his life, payable out of his manor or lord- ihip of Bydfton, in the county of Chefter. And HOUSE of STANLEY. 109 And whereas his uncle, Sir Edward Stan- ley, Knight, Lord Monteagle, enjoyed of his gift and grant, the caftle and demefnes of Hornby, and other manors, for the fpecial love, trufl and kindnefs he then found and fuppofed he had for him and which eflates he held on certain conditions. He now wills that for the great unkindnefs he has fince found, and does dill find in his faid uncle, and that he has not obferved or per- formed tire faid conditions, he (hall have none of the rents and profits thereof, but that the faid gifts, grants, &c. be null and void. And he further wills and appoints, that his lieutenant of the Ifle of Man, and other his officers and fervants there, (hall be con- tinued till his heir comes of age ; and that they have the wages they then had, for the term of their lives ; and the faid wages to be doubled to them till his faid heir come of age. And he conftitutes for his executors, his trufty friends, Sir Hugh Hefketh, Bifhop of Man ; Sir Henry Halfal, Steward of his Houmold ; no -The HISTORY of the Houfliold ; Sir Henry Sherman, Clerk, Dean of his chapel ; Thomas Hefketh, Efq. Sir Edward Molineux, Clerk, and Parfon of Sefton ; Richard Hefketh and Richard Snede, Gentlemen ; Richard Halfal, Clerk, and Parfon of Halfal; but none of them fhall give any releafe or acquittance without the confent and agreement of them all. i He appoints for fupervifors of his "will, Thomas. Lord Cardinal, Archbifhop of York, and Chancellor of England ; Hugh, Bifhop of Exeter ; Geoffrey, Bifhop of Chef- ter ; John VefTey, Clerk, Dean of the molt honourable Chapel ; and Thomas Lark. Parfon of Winwick. By Ann, his wife, daughter of Edward, Lord Haftings, fitter to George, the firfl Earl of Huntingdon of that name, he had iflue three fons ; George and Henry, who died young, and Edward his fucceflbr, then in the fifteenth year of his age ; alfo one only daughter, who, after his death, married Robert Ratcliffe, Earl of Suffex. As this noble Lord hath in his will taken 'notice HOUSE of STANLEY. m notice of his brother, James Stanley, Efq. and of his uncle, Sir Edward Stanley, Lord Monteagle, it may not be improper in this place, and 'during the minority of the young Lord, his fon, to relate what we have to obferve of them* * Of James. Stanley, his brother, fecond fon of George, Lord Strange, . I meet with little remarked of him, but that he had a fon fliled Sir George Stanley, Marfhal of Ire- land, but by whom it is not faid ; but is fup- pofed to be of the anceflors of the Stanley's of Ireland. And with regard to Sir Edward Stanley, his. uncle, and fifth fon of Thomas, the firft EARL 'of DERBY this gentleman's active childhood and martial fpirit, -brought him early to King Henry VIII.'s notice and com- pany : the camp was his fchool, and his learning was a pike and fword. : His Majef- ty greeting him, wherever he met him, with Ho ! my Soldier !" Honour ? Barlow's Hi'ilorv. 112 The HISTORY of the Honour floated in his veins, and valour danced in his fpirits ; but no where more vifibly, nor with greater courage, luflre and magnanimity, than at the battle of Flodflen- Field, in Scotland, the fifth of Henry VIIL where he commanded the rear of the Eng- lim army, and was attacked by the Earls of Lenox and Argyle, both which were fiain in the field, together with the K-ing of Scots. By his high accomplifhments in the art of war, and the valour of his archers, he forced the Scots to defcend the hill, (their ftrong hold) which caufed them to open their ranks, by which they were put into fuch . diforder, as gave the firft hopes to that day's viclory, which was, in a great meafure, owing to the valour and good conducl of the brave general, Sir Edward Stanley, as will after- wards appear. The King of Scotland (lain in this battle, was that King who married Margaret, the elded fitter to King Henry VIII. from whom defcended King James I. gf England. There were ilain in the battle, befides the king, three Bifhops, two Abbots, twelve Earls and fcvcntecn Lords ; with a very great number of HOUSE of STANLEY. 1 13 Knights and Gentlemen, amounting to about eight thoufand, and nearly as many^ taken prifoners. Upon this fignal and complete victory, ob- tained by the fuperior fkill and conduct of the heroic Captain Stanley, he was highly advanced in the King's favour, and foon after, as high in the world. Upon which the King was pleafed to confer upon him the following congratulating letter, viz. Right Trufty and Well-be loved : " WE greet you well, and underftand by the report of our right trufty coufm and Counfellor, the DuJ<:e of Norfolk, what ac- ceptable fervice you, amongft others, did us by your valiant towardnefs in the afiift- ance of our faid coufm, againft our enemy, the King of Scots ; and, how courageoufly you, as a very hearty loving fervant, acquit- ted yourfelf, for the overthrow of the faid late King, and diftrefiing of his malice and po- wer, to our great honour, and the advancing of your no little fame and praife, for which > Q ' w ii4 Tiie HISTORY of tlie we have good caufe to favour and thank you^ and fo we full heartily do ; and afiured you may be, that we (hall in fuch effectual wife remember your faid fervice in any your rea- fonable purfuits, as you (hall have caufe to think the fame right well employed, to our comfort and weal hereafter. Given under our fignet, at our caftle at Windfor, the fe- venteenth day of November, and fifth year of our reign." Sir William Molineux, of Sefton, had alfo the like congratulatory letter, upon the fame occafion, for his eminent fervices therein. This moft valiant and worthy gentleman, appeared like the north-ftar in its glory : he was a man of great command in Lancafhire, the image of whofe mind was as peculiar as the elegant portrait of his body ; nobly for- giving his enemies, if reconcilable ; and re- fufing ignobly to be revenged of them if ob- ftinate. This noble mind, advanced by his heroic education, made him acceptable at court, as well as in the country, where his hofpitality was renowned, his equity and prudence beloved^ and his intereft large and commanding. HOUSE of STANLEY. 1 1 5 commanding. In him was feen the idea of the true Englifli gentleman ; in favour at court, in repute in the country ; at once lov- :d and feared. His ufual faying was, " That le never faw fear, but in the backs of his :nemies." In a word, he lived in all capa- cities a public good, and died a common lofs. And here juflice as well as refpeft to the an- ient and worthy houfe of Norris, of Speke, alls upon me to acquaint the reader with he bravery of Sir Edward Norris, fon of Sir /Villiam Norris, who was (lain at the battle f Muflebarrow, in the time of Henry VII. .'his valiant and heroic gentleman, Sir Ed- ard Norris, commanded a body of the ar- y under General Stanley, at Flodden-Field, here he behaved with fo much courage and rood conduct, that he was honoured by the <.ing his mafter, with the like congratulatory letter above-mentioned, for his good fervice in the viclory of that day ; in token whereof, le brought from the deceafed King of Scot's alace, all or moft of his princely library ; nany books of which are now at Speke, )articularly four large folios, faid to contain he records and laws of Scotland at that 2 time. n6 The HISTORY of the time, and worthy the perufal of the learn< and judicious reader. He alfo brought from the faid palace, the wainfcot of the King's hall, and put it up in his own at Speke ; whereon are feen all the orders of architecture, viz. Tufcan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian aru Compofite, and round the top of it is thii infcription, " Sleep not till thoti has well confidered how thou haft fpent the day pad ; if thou haft well done, thank God for't ; if otherwife, repent you." Thus having, in the fulleft manner I am able, fet forth the eminent and renowned be- haviour of the martial fons of the two neigh- Louring and worthy Houfes of Molineux and Norris, I cannot omit informing the rea- der, that they came into England together with William, Duke of Normandy, dignified with the honour of Knighthood, and have hitherto made ufeful and leading members of ' the (late, in their feveral ftations of life. * With regard to thefe gentle mens' leader and chief commander, the brave Edward Stanley, die King keeping his Whitfuntide the year enfuing at Eltham, IP Kent, and Sir Edward HOUSE of STANLEY. 117 Edward being there, his Majefly command- ed, that for his gallant a&ions againft the Scots, where he won the hill, relieved the Englifh from their diftrefs, and vanquished all that oppofed him ; alfo, as his anceflors bore the Eagle in their creft, he mould be proclaimed Lord Monteagle, which was ac- accordingly then and there done; upon which he gave to the gfficers of arms, five marks, befides the accuftomed fees ; and likewife to garter, principal king at arms, his fee. Whereupon he had fpecial fummons to Parliament, the fame year, by the title of Baron Stanley, Lord Monteagle. Twice did he and Sir John Wallop land with only eight hundred men, in the heart of France ; and four times did he, with Sir Thomas Lovell, fave Calais : the firft time by intelligence, the fecond by ftratagem, the third by valour and refolution, and the fourth by hardmip^ patience and induflry. In the dangerous infurre&ion by Afhe and Captain Cobler, his zeal for his prince's fer- yice, and the welfare of the flate, was above fcruple ; ii8 The HISTORY of the fcruple ; his army being with him before his commiffion ; for which dangerous piece of loyalty, he afked pardon, and received thanks. Two things he did towards defeating the rebels, whofe fkill in arms exceeded his fol- lowers, as much as their policy did his lead- ers: firft he cut off their provifions, and next he ftirred up jealoufy and fedition amomgft them, which gave his Majefty time, by pre- tended treaties, to draw off the mofl emi- nent of the faftion, and to confound the reft. This moft martial and heroic captain (fol- dier like) lived for fome time in this ftrange opinion, that the Soul of Man, was like the winding up of a watch, that when the fpring was run down, the man died, and the foul determined. But of this heathenifh notion he was con- vi&ed, and being informed, that the Soul of Man was a ray of Divinity clothed with flefh, and that what was divine, could never die ; but, upon the diflblution of the body, or imfitnefs for its continuance therein, the foul of HOUSE of STA NLEY. 1 19 of man returned to the Almighty Being who firft gave it, according to the doftrine of Mofes, Gen. c, ii. v. 7. " And the Lord God formed man of the duft of the ground, and breathed into his noftrils the breath of life, and man became a living foul." Convinced of this divine truth, he after- wards lived and died in the fear and love of God, and in the belief and precepts of his Redeemer, the holy Jefus, This noble Lord married to his Ladv, one of the daughters of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk ; by his fec'ond wife, a daughter of Sir AruliGiiY Brown, Governor of Calais, and by her had ifTiie a fon, named Thomas, who was fome time Bifliop of Man, by the title of Thomas Stanley, fon of Edward, the firft Lord Monteagle. He fat as Bifhop of that ifland, to the time of his father's death, and then becoming Lord Monteagle, he refigned that Biiliopric. This Thomas, Lord Monteagle married to Lady Ann, the daughter of Sir John Spencer, of Althrop, in the county of North- 120 The HISTORY of the Northampton, and by her had iflue a fon, named William ; who was the laft male iflue of this noble family. He left at his death, an only daughter and child, named Elizabeth, but by whom hiflory is filent ; but record informs us, that {he 'married to Edward Parker, Lord Morley, and by him had iffue a'fon, named William. This William was by King James I. created Lord Monteagle, by the title of Lord Mor- ley and Monteagle ; and muft be allowed by us, and all pofterity, to have been born for the good of the whole kingdom : for by an obfcure letter fent to him,, and by him pro- duced to the King and Council, in the very nick of time, a difcovery was made of the moft deteftable treafon, that malice and wickednefs could poffibly contrive or projecl. For it being known that the King was to come to the Houfe of Peers to pafs fome bills, this dark and aenigmatical letter infinu- ated, that the King and the whole Houfe were to be deftroyed in a moment. This caufed ftricl; fearch to be made round the Houfe of Lords, and there was difcover- ed HOUSE of STANLEY. 121 ed an unknown cellar under it, wherein was lodged a large quantity of gunpowder, with a perfon ready (with a candle in a dark Ian- thorn) to fet fire to the train, upon a fignai given him. Thus, by the faid letter, the good Providence of God, and the caution taken, was prevented the deftrudion of the King, and the flower of all the Nobility and Gentry, of the Kingdom, when juft upon the very brink of ruin Having here finifhed the remarks we pro- pofed, let us return to Edward, the young fon of Thomas, the fecond EARL of DERBY, whom his father fuppofed he had left under the care and ward of the mod hopeful and promifing truftees, being no lefs than nine ecclefiaftics, and four lay-gentlemen, by which he judged fufficient fecurity was pro- vided for his foil's right and the prefervation of the immenfe eftate he had left him. But fuch is the pride, avarice and depravity of human nature, that the greateft caution mankind can poffibly take, oftentimes prove too (lender to procure juftice and equity, when private intereft and advantage come in 6 R compe- i- The HISTORY of the competition with them. An inftance of which, will appear in the cafe before us. No fooner was the faid noble Lord laid at reft, but the mofl dignified of his choice (whom the world might juftly have expected the mod confummate juftice and reclitude from) immediately made himfelf friend of the Mammon of unrighteoufnefs ; and inftead of fulfilling the truft repofed in him, took care to divefl his young pupil of his juft right, by fecuring to himfelf feveral large manors in the county of Lincoln, and elfe- where, which the Earl his father had held from the crown, by leafe for life, which ex- piring on his death. The good and pious Car- dinal wifely took the opportunity of his ward's minority to procure grants thereof to himfelf; which brings to my mind an old maxim in the Oeconomy of Life, " He that trufteth to a Lord for his honour, and to a Prieft for his charity, is in danger of being deceived by the firft, and (tarved by the lat- ter." The verity whereof the noble Lord be- fore-mentioned had an ample fpccimen of, in both the characters, in the perfon of Cardinal Woolfey, Archbifhop of York, and Lord Chancellor HOUSE of STANLEY. 123 Chancellor of England, and his molt worthy truftee. In the nineteenth of Henry VIII. this young Lord being then of age, was one of the principal perfons appointed to attend the fame Cardinal Woolfey, in that remarkable embaffy to Francis, King of France, then at Amiens, touching the making a war in Italy, to fet Pope Clement VII. at liberty, at that time a prifoner to the Duke of Bourbon, upon his facking of Rome. And in the twenty-fecond of Henry VIII. having then livery of his lands, was one ol thofe noble Peers that fubfcribed that memo- rable letter or declaration to the laid Pope Clement VII. reprefenting, That having for a long time expecled his anfwer concerning the King's marriage, they were obliged to repeat their requeft, although the juftice of the caufe, and the approbation of the learn- ed of the mod celebrated univeriities in Eu- rope, were fufficient, without any intreaties, to prevail on his "Holinefs to confirm the fentence of the divorce of Queen Catharine, which King Henry then defired. R 2 And 124 The HISTORY of the And if he mould refufe, his Supremacy in England would be in great danger : and that they could make no other conftruclion of it, but that they were left to feek their remedy elfewhere. j And in the twenty-fourth of Henry VIII, he waited on that King at his interview with the French King at Bologne ; and in the faid year, on the coronation of Queen Ann Bul- len. he in his own barge attended her from Greenwich, on which occalion he with the Marquis of Dorfet, were made Knights of the Bath, and after the ceremony was over, he was cupbearer to that Queen. In the twenty-eighth of Henry VIII. on the infurreclion of the northern men, called the Pilgrimage of Grace, the King directed his letters to this Earl, to raife what forces he could, promifing therein to repay all his charges; and, as Mr. Hollingmead obferves, by the faithful diligence of the EARL of DERBY, with the forces of Lancafhire and Chefhire, they were kept back and brought to peace and quiet, though they were a very great HOUSE of STANLEY. 125 great number out of Cumberland, Weftmore- land, and the north parts of Lancafhire. The thirty-third of that King he marched into Scotland with the Duke of Norfolk, with an army of twenty thoufand men, where meeting with little or no refiftance, they burned feveral towns and villages, and fo re- turned to England. And in the thirty-eighth of that King, when the High Admiral of France, accom- panied by the Bifhop of Eureaux, the Earl of Nantville, the Earl of Villars, and others, came on a fplendid embafly to England, the EARL of DERBY, by the King's command, received them at Blackwall, and conducted them to his Majefty at Greenwich. And on the death of King Henry, and the acceffion of Prince Edward his fon, by the title of King Edward VI. the EARL of DERBY, and the Marquis of Dorfet (afterwards Duke of Suffolk) were on the twenty-fecond of May, 1547, elected Knights of the mod nobly Or- der of the Garter. And in the fourth of King Edward VT. the EARL of DERBY, was one of the Peers' party to the articles of peace. 126 Tlu HISTORY of the peace, made by King Edward, with the Scots and French, wherein the Emperor was alfo included. And, In the fixth of this King, he made an ex- change with his Majefty of his houfe called Derby-houfe, on St. Bennet's-hill, near Doc- tors-commons, London, built by Thomas, the firft EARL of DERBY, for certain lands adjoining to his park, at Knowfley, in the county of Lancafter, of which he was Lieu- tenant during this King's reign. After the above exchange, he purchafed apiece of land, in Channon-row, near Weft- minder, and thereon creeled a new houfe, and called it Derby-houfe, which being fmce fold by William, EARL of DERBY, elder brother to the late Earl James, is built into a court called Derby-court; and upon the death of King Edward, and Queen Mary's Acceffion to the throne, he was in the firft year of that Oueen, * appointed by her, Lord High-fteward of England, from the day of her Majefty's coronation, which was performed on the fifth of Oftober that year, * Sept. 29, 1555. HOUSE of STANLEY. 127 year, with great folemnity. And upon ad- vice of her Majefty's appointment, he fet out from his feat of Latham, in the coun- ty of Lancafler, to wait on her Majefty, the eighteenth of Auguft, moft nobly at- tended; having upwards of eighty Efquires, all clad in velvet, and two hundred and eighteen Servants in liveries, with whom he arived at his new houfe, in Channon* row, Weftminfter, in the greateft pomp and magnificence. In the year 1557, he received orders from the Oueen and council, to mufter what forces he could raife to march againft the Scots, then affifled by the French King, which he readily complied with; and was one of the noblemen that attended Philip, Prince of Spain, on his landing into Eng- land, to be married to Queen Mary, who before her marriage gave the houfe on St. Bennet's-hill, London, called Derby-houfe, and now in the crown, by virtue of the above exchange, to Gilbert Dethick, the then garter and principal king of arms ; Thomas Hauley, clarencieux, king of arms of f Now the College of Arms. 128 The HISTORY of the of the fouth parts ; William Harvey, alias Norroy, king of arms of the north parts ; and the other heralds and purfuivants of arms, and to their fucceffors, all the capital mef- fuage or houfe, called Derby-houfe t, with the appurtenances, fituate in the parifli of St. Bennet and St. Peter, then being in the te- nure of Sir Richard Sackville, Knight, and parcel of the lands of Edward, EARL of DERBY; to the end, that the faid kings, heralds, and puifuivants of arms, and their fucceffors, might dwell together, and meet, confer and agree among themfelves, for the good government of their faculty, and that their records might be more fafely kept, &c. Dated the eighteenth day of July, in the third year of Philip and Mary, 1555. Upon the above Queen Mary's death, and Q ueen Elizabeth's acceflion to the throne, although (lie knew the EARL of DERBY, to have been one of the late Queen's Privy- council, yet fhe was fo well apprized and fatisfied of his juftice, prudence and loyalty, that fhe appointed him one of her Privy- council ; and in the firft year of her reign, gave him, and others of that body, commif- fion HOUSE of STANLEY. 129 fion to take particular care that all perfons enjoying any office or place of truft under her Majefty, fhould take the Oaths of Su- premacy. Likewife in the faid firft year of that gra- cious Queen, he had granted to him by patent, the high office of Chamberlain of Chefter, for fix years ; and the next year was made one of h^f Majefty 's moft honour- able Privy-council. But at this time being agfca, weak and in- firm, he retired to his feat of Latham, and there gave up his life to the Almighty Author of his being ; and with humble resignation, fubmitted himfelf to his Divine will. By his will, bearing date the twenty-fourth of Auguft, 1572, he bequeathed his body to be buried in the parifh church of Ormfkirk, Lancamire ; and ordered, that a chapel ihould be there erected, and a tomb prepar- ed for that purpofe, agreeable to his dignity, which hath ever fince been the common re- pofitory of his family and fucceflbrs ; the ancient monaftry of Burfcough, where his 6 S anceilors i 3 o The HISTORY of the anceftors were laid, being totally demolifhed in the diflblution of abbeys and monaftrys; and departing. this life at Latham, on Friday the twenty-fourth of October next following, his body lay in Hate to the fourth of Decem- ber after ; during which time, all necef- iary preparations were made for his noble funeral, which will be related hereafter. In which interval, give me leave to relate his marriages and iflue, with his fumptuous and hofpitable manner of living, which ex- ceeded moft, if not all, the noblemen in England at that time, and even fmce. This noble Earl married three wives : firlr, Dorothy, one of the daughters of Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, by whom he had illue three fons and four daughters, viz. Henry, his firfl fon Thomas, his fecond fon ; and Edward his third fon, of all which in their order. Ann, his firft daughter, married Charles, Lord Stourton, and he dying, (lie married Sir John Arundel, of Lamborn, in the coun- ty of Cornwall. Elizabeth, his fecond daugh- ter.. HOUSE of STANLEY. 331 ter, married Henry, Lord Morley. Mary, his third daughter, Edward, Lord Stafford ; and Jane, his fourth daughter, Edward, Lord Dudley. & TQ his fecond wife he married Margaret, the daughter of Ellis Barlow, of Barlow, in the county of Lancafter, Efq. and by heir had ifTue one fon and two daughters ; George, who died young and unmarried ; Margaret, his eldeft daughter, married John Jermin, of Ruthbrook, in the county of Suffolk, Efq. and after his deceafe, Sir Nich. Ponitz ; and Catharine, the youngeft, to Sir John Knivet. To his third wife he married Mary, the daughter of Sir George Cotton, of Cumber- mere, in the county of Chefter, by whom he had no iffue. After his difeafe, Mary, his widow, married Henry, Earl of Kent. Henry, his eldeft fon, fucceeded him in honour and eftate, of whom more hereafter. Sir Thomas Stanley, his fecond fon, married Margaret, one of the daughters and coheirs of Sir George Vernon, of Hadden, in the county of Derby, by whom he had iffue, 82 a fon, i 3 2 The HISTORY of the a Ton, named Edward, on which occafion he made the following fettlement by deed, bear- ing date the fourth of Elizabeth ; wherein it is declared, That the feveral manors and lands lying in the counties of Warwick, De- von and Oxford ; alfo Dunham-mafley, Bow- den, Rungey, Hale, ^ton and Darfield, in the county of Chefter, now the eftate of him the faid Edward, EARL of DERBY, (hall apper- tain and belong to Sir Thomas Stanley, his faid fecond fon a for life. Remainder as a moiety to Lady Margaret, his wife, for life ; remainder of all to the faid Edward Stanley, their fon, for life; re- mainder in fale-male to Henry, the firft fon of him the faid Earl ; remainder to the heirs male of the faid Sir Thomas Stanley ; and remainder to the heirs male of the faid Ed- ward Stanley, fon of the faid Sir Thomas, and dame Margaret, his lady. This Edward Stanley, the fon, became (after the death of his father) Sir Edward Stanley, of Enfham, in the county of Ox- ford, and pofleflbr of ail the laid manors and lands, by virtue of the faid fettlement ; of whom more hereafter in due place. But HOUSE of STANLEY. 133 But firft proceed to Edward Stanley, the third fon of the faid Earl. He was a gentle- man of the army in the fervice of Queen Elizabeth, under the command of the brave Earl of Leicefler, in Holland; where, at the fiege of Zulphen, he acquired great re- putation by a moft uncommon a&ion of va- lour and undaunted courage. In the attack of a fort of the faid town, a Spaniard bran- difhing his lance at him, he caught hold of it, and held fo faft, that he was drawn up by it into the fort ; at which the garrifon was fo intimidated (fuppofing all the enemy were following him) that they- fled, and left the fort to him ; for which hardy and valiant ac- tion, the Earl of Leicefler knighted him. and gave him forty pounds in hand, and a yearly penfion of one hundre/d marks, pay- able in England, during his life. But fo it is (as obferved by the learned) that ' The fortunate have whole years, And thofe they choofe ; But the unfortunate have only days, And thofe they lofe." For 13 \ The HISTORY of the For who could imagine that fo gallant a man, and fo well rewarded as he was, could forget his duty to his Sovereign, and take up arms againft her in favour of Spain, whither he was obliged to fly, and die in exile and difgrace, either not knowing or forgetting the Spanifh proverb, which they verified in him by flight and contempt; " That they love the treafon, but hate the traitor." Having given the reader the marriages and iflue of the noble Peer aforefaid, likewife of his fons and daughters, let us now attend his funeral obfequies, which was conducted with the greateft magnificence; a particular def- cription whereof I met with in the hands of an obfcure perfon near us, and may prove acceptable to aR, as well as entertaining to the curious; a tranfcript whereof I fhall give verbatim, viz. Firft, after his deceafe, his body was wrap- ped in fearcloth, then in lead, and after- wards chefted. The chapel and the houfe, with the two courts, were hung with black cloth, garnifhed with efcutcheons of his arms, and on Saturday before the funeral, the HOUSE of STANLEY. the body was brought into the chapel, where it was covered with a pall of black velvet, garnifhed with efcutcheons of arms, and thereon was fet his coat of arms, hel- met and creft, fword and target; and about him was placed the (landard, great banner, and fix bannerets. On Thurfday in the morning before the fermon, Henry, then EARL of DERBY, his fon and fucceffor, being prefent, with the Efquires and Gentlemen his attendants, and the three chief officers of his,houfe, viz. his Steward, Treafurer and Comptroller, (landing about the body with white ftaves in their hands, clarencieux, king of arms, with his rich coat On^ publifhed this thankfgiving and flile of the defuncl, in form following. All honour, laud and praife to Almighty God, who through his divine goodnefs, hath taken out of this tranfitory world, to his eter- nal joy and blifs, the Right Honourable Ed- ward, EARL of DERBY, Lord Stanley and Strange, and Lord of Man and the Ides, Chamberlain of Chefter, one of the Lords of her Majefty's molt honourable Privy-coun- til, 136 The HISTORY of Ike cil, and Knight Companion of the moft no- ble Order of the Garter. Next, of the manner and order of the hearfe, wherein the body lay during the iervice. At Ormfkirk in Lancafhire, two miles from Latham, was erefted a ftately hearfe, of five principals, thirty feet in height, twelve feet in length, and nine feet in breadth, dou- ble railed, and garnifhed in the order and manner following. Firft, the top parts and the rails covered with black cloth, the valence and principals covered with velvet; to the valence a fringe of filk, the majefty being of taffety, lined with buckram, had thereon moft curioufly wrought in gold and filver ; the atchievement of his arms, with helmet, creft, fupporters and motto, and four buckram efcutcheons in metal, the top garnifhed with efcutcheons and jewels in metal, fix great burial pafle efcutch- eons at the four corners, and at the upper- moft part, the valence fet forth with fmall efcutcheons of his arms, on buckram in me- tal, The hearfe was placed between the choir and the body of the church, which was alfo hung throughout with black cloth, with ef- cutcheons thereon, not only of his own arms within the garter, but alfo impaled with the three CountefTes his wives. Every thing be- ing ready on Wednefday at night before the burial, the order of the proceffion on Thurf- day after (being the day appointed) was in manner following. !. Two Yeomen Conductors, with black Staves in their hands, to lead the way. Morgan ap-Roberts. Thomas Botel. II. Then all the Poor Men in Gowns, two and two, to the number of one hundred. III. Then the Choir and Singing-men, to the number of forty in their furplices. IV. An Efquire bearing the Standard, with his Hood on his head, and horfe trapped 6 T to 1^8 The HISTORY of the to the ground, garnifhed with a Shaffron of his Arms within the garter on his forehead, and four Efcutcheons of Buckram Metal, on each fide two. Peter Stanley. V. Then the Defuncl's Gentlemen, mounted on comely geldings, in their Gowns, and Hoods on their moulders, to the number of eighty. VI. The Defuncl's two Secretaries riding to- gether, as the other gentlemen before. Gilbert Moreton. Gabriel Mafon. VII. Then the Knights and Efquires in like order, two and two, in number fifty. VIII. Then the DefuncVs two Chaplains, with Hoods on their moulders, according to their degrees. -Bachelor of Divinity. Matter of Arts. IX. The Preacher, being the Dean of Chefler, his horfe trapped, and a Doctor's Hood on his moulders. Doftor Longworth. X. The Defund's three chief Officers of his Houlhold, HOUSE of STANLEY. 139 Houmold, viz. the Steward, Treafurer and Comptroller, with white Staves in their hands, Hoods on their ihoulders and their horfes trapped. William Maffey. Sir Richard Sherborne. Henry Stanley. XL Then an Efquire, bearing the great Ban- ner of his Arms, with his Hood on his head, and his horfe trapped and garnifhcd with Efcutcheons, as before. Ed. Nprris. XII. A Herald of Arms, with his Hood on his head, his horfe trapped as aforefaid, wearing the Defunct's Coat of Arms of Damafk, and bearing his Helmet of Steel, Pannel gilt, with Mantles of black Velvet, the knots gilt, and on a wreath or torce of hjs Colours, flood his Creft, curiouily car- ved, painted and wrought in Gold and Silver. Lancafter Herald, XIII. Next a King of Arms, with his Hood on his head, wearing his Coat of Arms, richly embroidered with the Arms of Eng- land, his horfe trapped and garnifhed as aforefaid, bearing the Shield of Arms of the Defunct, within the garter, and thereon A Coronet. Norroy King of Arms. T 2 XIV. Then M o The HISTORY of the XIV. Then another King of Arms, riding in like order, bearing the DefuncVs Sword, with the pummel upwards, the hilt and chape gilt, with a Scabbard of Velvet. Clarencieux. XV. After them another King of Arms, ridr ing in like order, bearing another of the DefuncVs Coat of Arms, being wrought as before - mentioned. Garter, George Leigh, Efqr. XVI. Then, on the left fide of him, rode a Gentleman Ufher, with a white Rod in his hand, his horfe trapped, and Hood on his head. Edward Scafebrick. XVII. Then the Chariot wherein the Body lay, was covered with black Velvet, gar- nimed with Eicutcheons, drawn by four horfes, trapped with black, and on each horfe was placed four Efcutcheons, and a Shaffron of his Arms, and on each horfe fat a Page, in a black Coat, and a Hood on his head ; and on the fore feat of the chariot fat a Gentleman Uiher, in his Gown, his Hood on his head, and a white Rod in his HOUSE of STANLEY. 141 his hand ; and next the body, rode four Efquires, being afliftants to the body, with Hoods on their heads, and horfes trapped to the ground. Robert Baxter, Robert Dalton, R. Bradfhaw, John Prefton, XVIIL And on the outfide of them, about the faid chariot, fix other Efquires, with Hoods on their heads, and their horfes trapped, each of them bearing a Banneret, not only of the Defun6t's Arms, but alfo the Arms of fuch noble houfes whereof he was def- cended, viz. the Arms of Thomas, the firft EARL of DERBY of that name, Lord Stanley and of Man, empaled with the Arms of Eleanor his wife, daughter of Richard Nevill, Earl of Salifbury, and fifter to Richard Nevill, Earl of Warwick and Salifbury. XIX. The fecond Banneret was that of Geo. Lord Stanley and Strange, the fon and heir of the faid Thomas, empaled with the Arms of Jane his wife, daughter and hei- refs of John, Lord Strange, of Knocking. XX. The third Banneret was the Arms of the fecond 142 The HISTORY of the fecond EARL of DERBY of that name, Lord Stanley and Strange, and of Man, empaled with the Arms of Anne his wife, daughter of Edward, Lord Haftings, and fitter to George Haftings, the firft Earl of Huntingdon, of that name. XXL The fourth Banneret was the Arms of the Defunct, empaled with the Arms of Dorothy, his firft wife, and daughter of Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Surry, and Earl Marmal of England, Lord Maw- bray, Seagrave and Bruce. XXII. On the fifth Banneret the Defuna's Arms, empaled with the Arms of Marga- ret, his fecond wife, daughter of Ellis Barlow, of Barlow, Efqr. XXIII. And on the fixth Banneret, the De- funct's Arms, empaled with the Arms of Mary, his third wife, daughter of Sir George Cotton, Knight, Vice-chamber- lain to King Edward VI. XXIV. Next after the chariot, proceeded the chief Mourner in the Mourning-robes of an HOUSE of STANLEY. 143 an Earl, and on each fide of him rode a Gentleman Ufher, with white Rods in their hands, hoods on their heads, and their horfes trapped. Richard Afhton, Mar- maduke Newton, Gentlemen, Ufhers. Henry, EARL of DERBY, chief Mourner. XXV. On the left fide of him, and fomewhat behind, rode the Gentleman of Horfe to the Defunct, his Hood on his head, his horfe trapped, and leading in his hand the horfe of eftate, all covered and trapped with black Velvet. John Ormfton. XXVI. Next after rode eight other Mourners, being afliftants to the chief mourners, their Hoods on their heads and moulders, and their horfes trapped with fine cloth to the ground. John, Lord Stourton, Sir Rowland Stanley, Sir Pierce Leigh, - Butler, Efqr. - Ratcliff, Efqr. Alex. Rigby, Alex. Barlow, Wm. Stopford, Efqr. XXVII. Then a Yeoman bare-headed, in a black Coat, on foot. XXVIII. Two fons of the principal Mourners in 144 The HISTORY of the in Gowns, and Hoods on their moulders^ each of them having a Gentleman to lead their horfes. Wm. Stanley, Efqr. Franc. Stanley, Efqr. XXIX. Two Yeomen Ufhcrs, with white Rods, on foot. XXX. Then the Defunft's Yeomen, two and two, to the number of five hundred. XXXI. Then all the Gentlemens' Servants, two and two ; and thus being whiffled all the way, by certain Yeomen in black coats, with black Staves in their hands, proceeded to the Church- door, where the fervants attended to receive the horfes. Be- ing difmounted, thofe gentlemen that pre- ceded the Corpfe, .entered into the Church, and received their places according to their degrees, leaving the hundred poor men without, on each fide of the way. Then the body was taken out of the chariot by eight gentlemen in gowns, with Hoods on their heads, a (lifted by four Yeomen in black Coats, and borne into the Hearfe, where HOUSE of STANLEY. 145 where it was orderly placed upon a table three feet high, covered with black cloth, and upon him was not only laid a Pali of black Velvet, but alfo his Coat of Arms, Sword and Target, Helmet and Creft. Taken out of the chariot, by William Oriel, Jafper North, Francis Banes, John Meare, Thomas Starkey, John Byron, Edmund Win- itanley and James Bradfhaw, Gentlemen. And thus the body being placed, the prin- cipal Mourner entered the bearfe, where was prepared for him at the head of the Defunct, a Stool, with a Carpet and four Cufiiions of black Velvet, to kneel and lean upon. Then entered the other eight Mourners, and took their places within the uttermoll part of the hearfe, on each fide of the body, four on one fide, and four on the other, each of them having a Cu(hion of black Velvet, to .lean upon, and their Stools covered with black Cloth, and a Cuftiion of the fame to kneel upon. At the feet of the Defuncl, with- out the rails, flood the two Efquires, holding the Standard and great Banner ; and on each 7 U fide 146 The HISTORY of the fide of the hea^fe, the other Efquires, with the Bannerets ; and behind the principal Mour- ner flood three Kings of Arms, and the four Gentlemen Ufhers ; and between the Stan- dard, and at the great Banner, flood the Lan- cafler Herald of Arms, wearing the Defunfts Coat of Arms. And thus the body being placed, and every other eflate according to their degree, Nor- roy, King of Arms, pronounced the Stile of the Defunft as before-mentioned ; which end- ed, the Dean of Chefler began his Sermon, and after the Sermon, the Vicar began the Commemoration, and after the Epiflle and Gofpel, the Offering was commenced in Man- ner following. Firfl, Henry, now EARL of DERBY, being principal Mourner, offered at the Altar for the Defunc~l, a Piece of Gold, having before him Garter, Clarencieux, and Norroy, King of Arms and Lancafler Herald of Arms ; and on each fide of Garter, a Gentleman Ufher and Efquire, to bear the chief Mourner's Train. After HOUSE of STANLEY. 147 After him proceeded the other eight Mourn- ers, two and two, according to their Degrees ; and in like order, he, with the other Mourn- ers, repaired to their places, where he remain- ing a fmale time, went to offer for himfelf, having Clarencieux and Lancafter Herald only before him ; and having thus offered, (laid betwen the Vicar and Lancafter Herald of Arms, to receive the Achievements of his Father, offered up by the other eight Mourn- ers, in manner and form following. Firft, The Lord Stourton and Sir Row- land Stanley, offered up the Coat of Arms, having before them Clarencieux King of Arms. Secondly, Sir Peter Leigh, Knt. and Tho- mas Butler, Efq ; offered the Sword, bearing the pommel forward, having before them Norroy, King of Arms. Thirdly, John Radcliffe and Alexander Barlow; Efqrs. offered the Target of his Arms, and before them went Clarencieux. Fourthly, Alexander Rigby and William U 2 Stopford, 148 The HISTORY of the Stopford, Efqrs. offered the Helmet and Creft, having before them Norroy, King of Arms. Which ended, the principal Mourner re- paired to his feat, and on each fide of him a Gentleman Ufher, with his Train borne by an Efquire ; and before him Clarencieux, King of Arms, where he remained until the Offering was ended. Then offered the other eight Mourners for themfelves, viz. The Lord Stourton and Sir Rowland Stan- ley, .having before them Clarencieux, . King of Arms. Sir Peter Leigh, Knight, and Thomas Butler, Efq ; and before them Norroy, King of Arms. John Ratcliffe and Alexander Barlow, Efquires, having before them Clarencieux, King of Arms. Then Alexander Rigby and William Stop- ford, HOUSE of STANLEY, 149 ford, Efquires, having before them blue Man- tle Purfuivant of Arms. Thus when the principal Mourner and the eight Mourner's Afliftants had offered and were placed again as aforefaid ; then offered the four Efquires, afliftants to the Defunct, having before them Lancafter Herald of Arms. Then the Standard offered by the Efquirc that bore it, and before him blue Mantle, Purfuivant of Arms. Afterwards the great Banner offered by the Efquire that bore it, and before him blue Mantle, Purfuivant of Arms. Which Standard and Banners being offered by them that bore them, they put off their Hoods, and took their places amongft the reft of the Mourners, being Gentlemen. Then offered the Steward, Treafurer and Comptroller, with their white Staves in their hands, and Lancafter Herald of Arms before them. Then i 5 o The HISTORY of the Then all the other Knights, Efqrs. and Gen- tlemen, wearing black, proceeding in order two and two, according to their degrees. Afterwards the Yeomen, Ufliers, and after them the DefunQ's Yeomen two and two. The Offering being ended, the hundred poor men where placed to proceed homeward on foot, and Gentlemen, on horfeback ; then Garter, principal King of Arms, the princi- pal Mourner, with the other eight Mourners, two and two ; then the Yeomen on foot, two and two. THE BURIAL. After whofe departure prefently the body was by the eight Gentlemen, and four Yeo- men carried to the grave, and before it, Cla- rencieux and Norroy, King of Arms, and Lancafter Herald of Arms ; and above the body, the four Afiiftants and the fix Efquires, bearing the Bannerets. After the body went the Steward, Trea- furer and Comptroller, with two Gentlemen Ufhers, HOUSE of STANLEY. 151 Ufhers, and two Yeomen Ufhers ; who, when the body was buried, kneeling on their knees, with weeping and tears, broke their white Staves and Rods over their heads ; and threw the fhivers into the grave. That done, the fix Efquires delivered up the fix Bannerets, which were prefenfeed with the refl of the Atchievements ; order- ly placed over, and about him ; and de- parted to Latham-hall, where they received their offices and (laves again of their new Earl, now their Lord and Mailer. Having brought this great and honour- able Earl to his laft home (the Grave) let us not bury him there in total oblivion; but with Sir William DugdaIe,Mr. Cambden, Mr. Hollinfhead, Mr. Stow, &c. lament his death, and not quite forget the memory of fo eminent and noble a fervant to his prince and country, but endeavour to tranf- mit to pofterity, for their example and imi- tation, his mod renowned, Heady, and faith- ful behaviour and conduft, under two Kings and two Queens, as well in peace, as in war. It 152 The HISTORY of the It appears from all out Hiftorians, that he lived in the greateft fplendor and magni- ficence, without any dependence on the court. His greatnefs fupported his good- nefs, and his goodnefs endeared his greatnels. His height was looked upon with a double afpecl; by himfelf, as an advantage of be- neficence and by others, of reverence. His great birth raifed him above private re- fpeft, but his great foul never above pub- lic fervice. He was kind to his tenants ; liberal to his fervants ; generous to his friends : and hofpitable to ftrangers ; he was famous for houfe-keeping, and his extenfive charity : infomuch, that Queen Elizabeth would jeft- ingly fay, that he and my Lord of Bed- ford made all beggars by their liberality. His Houfe was orderly and regular, a college of difcipline, inftruclion and accom- plifhment, rather than a palace for enter- tainment ; his and his lady's fervants being fo many young gentlemen and ladies, train- ed up to govern themfelves by their ex- ample, HOUSE of STANLEY. 153 ample, who they knew underflood them- felves perfeftly. His provifions were natural, all necefla- ries, bred and provided of his own (lock, rather plentiful than various, folid than dainty, that cod him lefs, and contented more. His table was conftant where all were wel- come and none invited. His hall was com- monly full, his gates always ; the one with the honefl gentry and yeomen, who were his retainers in love and obfervance, bring- ing good flomachs to his table, and refolv- ed hearts for his fervice ; the other were the aged, decrepid, and induftrious poor, whofe cravings were prevented ; the firfl being provided with meat, the fecond with money, and the third with labour. In this northern infurreftion againft her Majefty Oueen Elizabeth, he offered to raife Ten Thoufand Men at his own charge, for the fuppreffing thereof; but his appearance in the field was fufficient, the holding up of his hand being as effectual as the dif- playing of a banner. In a word, Mr. Camb- den obferves, that hofpitality lieth buried 7 X iri 3 5 -i The HISTORY of the in this Earl's grave, (1572 the time of his death) from whence may the Divine Pow^ er raife it and all mankind to everlafting blifs, when there will be no poor to be relieved, nor bounty wanted to relieve. He had two hundred and twenty fer- vants in a cheque roll for forty two years, and twice a day fixty old aged and decrepid poor, who were fed with meat ; and on every Good-friday for thirty-five years, he fed two thoufand feven hundred perfons with meat, drink, and money. Every gen- tleman in his fervice had a man and horfe to attend him, and his allowance for the expence of his houfe only, was four thou- fand pounds a year, befides the produce of his two large parks, and very great de- mefnes ; infomuch, that his houfe was (tiled the Northern Court. Neither was he mu- nifkient upon other men's charge ; for once a month he looked into his income, and once a week into his difburfements, that none (bould wrong him, nor be wronged by him. The EARL of DERBY (he would fay) " (hall keep his own houfe, that frugality, juftice HOUSE of STANLEY. 155 juftice and good management, might as well confift with greatnefs, as length with breadth," Therefore it was obferved of him, and the fecond Duke of Norfolk, that when they were dead, not a tradefman could de- mand the payment of a groat that they owed him; nor a neighbour the reftitution of a penny that they had wronged him of. It is a maxim that the grafs groweth not where the Grand Signior's horfe treads, nor do the people thrive where the noble- men inhabit ; but here every tenant was a gentleman ; and every gentleman my Lord's companion fuch his civility towards the one, and his kind ufage of the other. Noblemen in thofe days efteemed the love of their neighbour more than their riches; and the fervice and fealty of their tenants, more than their money. They would commonly fay, Let the underwood grow, the tenants are the fupport of a family; and the commonality are the ftrength of the kingdom. Improve thriftily, but force not X 2 violently, 156 The HISTORY of the violently, either your bounds or rents, above your forefathers. Two things he abomi- nated, depopulating inclofures, and avarici- ous and unworthy enhancement of rents. But now the landlord hath the fweat of the tenant's brow in his coffers; then he had the bed blood in his veins at his command. The grand word with this noble Peer, was on my Honour, which was efteemed fuffici- ent fecurity for any engagement whatfoever, and was the only aflervation he ufed; it was his privilege that he needed not fwear for a teftimony, and his renown that he would not for his honour. Great was this exalted family's efteem with the people, and eminent their favour with their fovereign, which was ever employed in obliging their liege people, improving their intereft and fupporting their throne; for, though they had a long time been Kings of Man, and with the hearts of the people, yet were they as long faithful fub- jecls to England. In a word, he had no floth or neglecl to be furprized; no vanity of difcourfe to lofe his matter; no partia- lity HOUSE of STANLEY. 157 lity to be biafled, no difcontent to fatisfy, nor no paflion to be mifguided. In fine, he lived in all capacities, a public good, and died a common lofs; leaving in his family that beft legacy, a good example, and in his country, that lading monument, a good name. The late very great and eminent Lord, whofe prudence, conduct, and mofl remark- able life and aclions we have been juft defcribing and treating of, was fucceeded in his honours and immenfe eftate by his eldeft fon Henry, Lord Stanley and Strange of Knocking; who after his father's deceafe was fourth EARL of DERBY of this fami- ly, and was fummoned to parliament and took his feat in the mod honourable Houfe of Peers, the eighth of February after his father's deceafe. And being a nobleman in fedate years, great learning, and exalted genius, as well as of leading quality and confummate ex- perience in all the maxims and policy of public, as well as private life, he made an early figure at court, where his royal mif- trefs i 5 8 The HISTORY of the trefs was pleafed to diftinguifh and pro- mote him by marks of her princely favour; knowing him to be a perfon of the utmoft probity, undoubted loyalty, and fteady adherence to her perfon, interefl and go- vernment. . In token whereof fhe dignified him with the honour of the Garter, and conftantly made choice of, and preferred him in all momentous and critical afTais of (late, as one whom (he could rely on, as her trufly friend and faithful fervant. The next appearance whereof was by fending him at the head of a commiflion (with fome other Peers) to Flanders, to treat of a peace with the Prince of Parma, then General to the King of Spain, with whom her Majefty had been long at enmity. Soon after his return from that country^ the Queen was pleafed to honour him with carrying the enfigns of, and invefling the King of France with the moft noble Or- der of the Garten The HOUSE of STANLEY. 159 The twenty-ninth of her reign, her Ma- jefty was pleafed to appoint him by her royal commimon, to be (with fome other Peers) one of the Judges for the trial of Mary, Queen of Scots, then a prifoner in the Cattle of Fotheringay, in the county of Northampton, where (he was arraigned, tried, and adjudged to die, and was there, accordingly, beheaded. . Some time after that tranfaclion, in the Year 1564, her Majefty determined to honour the ancient Univerfity of Cam- bridge with her royal prefence ; in order to which (he was pleafed to appoint this noble Earl and his Lady, to attend her thither, where they arrived on Saturday the fifth of Auguft, the fame Year ; and on the Queen's entrance into that College, the Countefs of Derby was preferred to bear up her Majefty 's train. Likewife, on that Queen's vifitation of her Univerfity of Oxford, this noble Earl was appointed to attend her Majefty's perfon to that place, where on Friday the ' fixth 160 The HISTORY of the fixth of September, 1566, his Lordfliip was complimented by that learned body, with the degree of Matter of Arts. And in the thirty-fecond of the fame Oueen, he was by fpecial commiffion, conftituted Lord High- Steward of Eng- land, and fole Judge for the trial of Philip Earl of Arundel, for Treafon. And in the year 1588, the Queen was gracioufly pleafed to grant to him by patent for five years, the high office of Lord-chamberlain of Chefter. Some time after this, he determined to vifit his Ifle of Man, and in order thereto, came to his houfe at Liverpool, called the Tower, where waiting a while for a paf- fage, the * Corporation did themfelves the honour to compliment him, by creeling and adorning in a rich manner, a fumptuous Stall or Seat, for his reception at Church, where he feveral times honoured them by his prefence. Upon * Records of Liverpool. HOUSE of STANLEY. 161 Upon his return from the Ifland, he retired to his feat at Latham, and I do not find he appeared at court any more; for by his will, bearing date the twenty- firft of September, 1594, he ordered his Body to be buried in his chapel at Ormf- kirk, and departed this life at Latham, the twenty-fifth of the fame month, and was depofited in the Taid vault, according to his defire. This noble Earl married to liis lady, Mar- garet, the only daughter of Henry Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, by his wife, Eleanor, one of the daughters and coheirs of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, by Mary, Queen. Dowager of France, and younger fifter to King Henry VIII. and by her had ifTue four fons, William, and Francis, who died young and unmarried; alfo Ferdinand, and William, fucceflively EARLS of DERBY af- ter him; alfo one daughter, who died young, and unmarried. Upon his demife, he left, befides the above ifiue by his own lady, three natural children, by cnc Jane Halfal, of Knowfley, 7 Y one ifa The HISTORY of the one fpn named Thomas, and two daugh- ters, Dorothy and Urfula, for whom he made a liberal provifion. Dorothy, his firft daughter, married Sir Cuth. Halfal, of Halfal, in the county of Lancafter, and Urfula, his fecond daughter, married Sir John Salifbury, of Sterney, in the county of Derby. Thomas his fon, by Jane Halfal, was ililed Thomas Stanley, of Ecclefhall Efq; on whom he alfo fettled the manor of Broughton, and other lands, near Man- chefler, which his fucceflbrs fold to Mr. Cheetham, of Smedley. He was fucceeded by Ferdinand, his eldeft fon, in honours, and the Baronies of Stanley and Strange, and fifth EARL of DERBY, and alfo to his very great and noble ellate. But fuch is the frailty of human nature, the malice and wickednefs of our fellow-creatures, and the infinite variety of chances and accidents attending human life, that all the care and caution mankind is able to ufe, is not fufficient to guard againil them, no nor riches, nor power; . HOUSE of STANLEY. 163 power; neither of which were wanting in the noble perfon we are now treating of. He went off the flage of this world in the flower of his age, to the great lofs or his prince, family, and country, and in- deed univerfally lamented; being of an exalted genius, as well as birth, and al- lowed by all to be one of the mod hopeful peers of the age; and that which added greatly to the general affliction, was the uncommon and furprizing manner of his death, as hereafter mentioned. " His royal miftrefs, the Queen, had at that time many feditious and rebellious fubjefts, who, to avoid the punifhment due to their crimes, fled to foreign coun- tries. Amongft whom was one Richard Hackett, who was fent by thefe fugitives to prevail upon this noble and loyal Peer, to affume and fet up a title and claim to the Crown of England, in right of his defcent from Mary, the fecond daughter of Henry VII. and younger fifter to King Henry VIII. and at that time Queen Dowager of France, who.fe grandmother Y 2 was 164 The HISTORY of the was this Earl's mother; threatening, that unlefs he undertook this projected enter- prize, and withal conceal him, the mef- fengcr and infligator of it, he mould {hortly die in a moft wretched manner; but if he complied therewith, he might be allured of powerful afliftance. But this dutiful and loyal Earl, having no defign or intention of claim againft her Majefty, nor inclination to difturb her peaceable pofleffion at the hazard of his own life, honour, anS opulent fortune ; confidered the propofition made to him as a fnare laid for his deftru&ion, and therefore rejected it with fcorn and indig- nation. However, thefe villainous menaces proved not altogether vain, for within four months after, this noble Earl died a Tery miferable and furprizing death, being feized and tormented by vomiting matter of a dark rufty colour, infomuch that he was fuppofed by the learned in the practice of phyfic and others, to be poifoned, or elfe bewitched. For HOUSE of STANLEY. 165 For there was found in his chamber, a little image made of wax, with hairs of the colour of his in the belly of it, which occafioned many and various fpeculations, conjectures, and conftru&ions concerning the nature, meaning and effecls thereof; but I have met with no remarks from the curious of that age, touching the real being, exiftence, or power of witches and wizards, then or at any time in the world, nor of any obfervations made by them upon this extraordinary event, there- fore fubmit fo -critical and obftrufe a point to be difcufled by the learned of our own times; and proceed to inform the reader, that his gentleman of horfe was greatly fufpecled to have had a large (hare in this wicked fcene and removal of his noble and indulgent matter out of this world; for the fame day the Earl took his bed, he fled away with one of his beft horfes, and was heard of no more. His vomit was fo violent and corroding, that it ftained the filver and irons in the chimney of his room, upon .which he had vomited ; and when dead, though his body was 166 The HISTORY of the was wrapped in fearcloth, and covered with lead, yet it fo corrupted and putrified, that for a long time after, none could endure to come near the place it was laid in, till his burial. By his will, bearing date the twelfth of April, the thirty-eighth of Elizabeth, he be- queathed his body to be buried in his chapel at Ormfkirk, which was accordingly done the fixth of May following. His death was uni- verfally lamented, and greatly increafed by the manner of it. He was good to his tenants, kind to his friends, charitable to the poor, a generous mafter, a loving and indulgent huf- band, and a tender and affectionate parent ; and had been honoured by his royal miftrefs with the noble Order of the Garter. He married Alice, one of the daughters of Sir John Spencer, of Althrop, in the county of Northampton, by whom he left ifiue three daughters, his heirs general. The lady Ann, his firfl daughter, being at his death, thirteen years eleven months old, and afterwards mar- ried to Grey Bruges, Lord Chandois ; the Lady Frances eleven years and four months, HOUSE of STANLEY. 167 after married to Sir John Egerton, fon and heir of Lord Elfmere, then Lord Chancellor of England; and Elizabeth, the youngeft, feven years eight months old, after married to Henry, Lord Haftings, Earl of Huntingdon of all whom in their order. This noble, but unfortunate Lord, (in the uncommon manner of his death) was fuc- ceeded by his younger brother, Sir William Stanley, in the barony of Stanley, and Earl- dom of Derby, but neither in his eilate nor in the Barony of Strange of Knocking, the firft being divided betwixt him and his nieces, the heirs general of his late brother, as hereafter; and the fecond devolving upon the faid heirs general, with all the eilate appertaining there- to, was feparated from, and inverted in them, exclufive of the Houfe of Stanley, to whom the Barony of Strange of Knocking fubfided and became extinct ; as more fully will be [hewn in its proper place. Sir William aforefaid, was that great Sir William Stanley, of whofe travels, martial exploits, and bravery abroad, which this county (cfpecially) gives us many large ac- counts, i68 The HISTORY of the counts, as well in (lory, as fong, and frequent- ly made themfelves merry therewith ; but be- ing abroad at his brother's deceafe, and not certainly known whether he was living or not, the very great eftate he was as heir at law entitled to, (being at this time in its full extent) he found on his return all fettled upon his brother's daughters aforefaid, under the guardianmip of four Biihops, and four temporal Lords, who poflefled every branch of it to their wards' ufes, without any regard to him, which, with the Barony of Strange, and the Ifle of Man, was no lefs then a prin- cely patrimony, for extent, income, and power ; but he, unhappy gentleman, was refufed admittance by the faid guardians to any (hare of it. In this melancholy cafe, having but few Friends, lefs Money, and powerful Adverfa- ries, who had little or no knowledge of him, (nor indeed few others, by reafon of his long abfence) yet kind Providence, the Guardian of all who are in diftrefs, and over powered by might, knew his juft caufe, raifed him friends and afliflance to enter his claim in law to his birth-right. In HOUSE of STANLEY. 169 In which feveral of the old tenants in and about Latham, Dalton, Newburgh, &c. who knew him from a child to be their natu- ral and rightful Lord, fupplied him with money to recover what was his right, or fo much as he was juftly entitled to. Upon which a difpute and conteft in law arofe betwixt the faid Earl and the heirs ge- neral, touching the claim and title to all the late Earl's eftate in England, and alfo to the Ifle of Man, whereupon the Queen appre- hending that under the prefent unfettled flate thereof, not only that many renegadoes of the Englim and Scotch, but the Spaniards alfo, her declared enemies, might refort to that ifland, to the great difturbance of her peace, and the tranquility of her govern- ment. For the fecurity and prevention of which, her Majefty thought proper to commit the charge and care of that ifland to her trufh: friend and fervant, Sir Thomas Gerrard, (after by her created Lord Gerrard, of Bromley, in the county of Stafford) until the controverfy then depending betwixt the 8 Z parties i ;o T/is HISTORY of the parties claiming, (hould be determined by In the mean time the true and real title of the laid Ifle of Man was called in queftiori, and being brought before her Majefty's At- torney-general, and other learned council, they upon examination declared, That the right thereof, folely belonged to her Majefty, and that the Sanleys, EARLS of DERBY, had no good title to that ifland, by reafon that King Henry IV. foori after he obtained the crown, upon the outlawry of William Scroope, then Lord thereof, beftowed it upon Henry Piercy, then Earl of Northum- berland ; and upon his rebellion about fix years after, granted the fame by patent to Sir John Stanley for life. But Northumberland not being attained by Parliament, nor his poffeflions adjudged to be confifcated ; and for that fome fhort time after, the King and Sir John agreed, that thofe letters patent to him for life, mould be furrendered and cancelled, which was done as before recited, and that he mould have an ePia,te thereof in fee; fo that confi- dering HOUSE of STANLEY. 171 dering the grant for life was before fuch time as the King was legally entitled thereto by Northumberland's attainder, they pro- nounced that the King could not pafs any eftate for life; and alfo that the other grant which had its foundation from the furrendcr of the eftate for life, could not be of any validity. Whereupon, the Queen, agreeable to her wonted goodnefs, having confidered the ma- ny eminent fervices performed for her Ma- jefty and her royal predeceffors, by the ho- nourable and noble Houfe of Stanley, and their long enjoyment of that ifland, without any interruption, was gracioufly pleafed to drop and withdraw all fuppofed right (he might have thereto, as fuggefted by the fajd gentlemen of the law, and to refer the parties claimant to the decifion of the courts ; and upon this head the Ifle of Man refted under her Majefty's care, moft of the re- maining part of her reign. But the proceedings at law in England touching the right to fo many and great eftates there, and the filial portions and ad- Z 2 vancements i T 2 The HISTORY of the vancements of the faid three ladies, were profecuted for fix or feven years with the utmoft vigour ; and in all that time no de- finitive fentence could be obtained in favour of either of the parties. This tedious and delitary proceeding by the court at law, added to the very great efteem and high value her Majefty entertain- ed of the great worth and merit of the faid Earl William, as a faithful fubjecl:, a wife counfellor, and a brave captain, with the heavy expences he laboured under for the recovery of his paternal right, together with her Majefty s concern for the re-efta- blifhment of the ancient, honourable, and moft worthy Houfe of Stanley, gave her Majefty great perplexity and anxiety of mind. Wherefore, for her Majefty 's eafe, and the removal of her royal concern, and the ac- complifhment of her kind intention to fo many loyal and dutiful fubje&s and relations, (he, like a nurfing mother, meditated a re- conciliation of all differences, difputes and controverfies fubfifting between them ; and, \>y the adiftance and advice of Cecil, Lord Burleigh, HOUSE of STANLEY. 173 Burleigh, Sir Robert Cecil, principal fecre- tary of ftate, and many other kind friends and relations to the honourable and noble Houfe of Derby, her Majefty effected her princely and benign intention, by being gra- cioufly pleafed to propofe a reference of all matters, pretention and claming interefls of the feveral claimants, to which {he was fo happy as to obtain their feveral and united confent. And for this good purpofe, the following noble perfons were by her Majefty *s power- ful intereft nominated and appointed referees and arbitrators thereof The right honoura- ble Cecil, Lord Burleigh ; the right honou- rable Thomas, Lord Buckhurft, Lord High Treafurer of England ; the right honourable the Earl of Dorfet; the right honourable Gilbert, Earl of Shrewfbury ; the right honourable Clifton, Earl of Cumberland; George, Lord Hundfon ; and the right ho- nourable Cecil, principal fecretary of ftate, and then Earl of Salifbury ; being the noble and well affecied friends as well of the faid William, EARL of DERBY, as of the faid young ladies, daughters to Ferdinand, late EARL of DERBY. Which i 7 4 The HISTORY of the Which faid honourable perfons, having heard the faid parties themfelves, their learn- ed council, officers, agents and fervants, with other ufeful friends authorifed to appeal- therein, advifedly heard and confidered the feveral rights, titles and claims of all the parties ; and did, by the confent of the par- ties and their council, officers and friends, for the appeafing, ending and extinguifhing of all variances, claims, titles and contro- verfies then moved and grown; or which might afterwards arife or grow between the faid parties, or any of them, touching the faid premifes in queftion ; agree, order and determine, amongft other things, that fuch and fo many of the faid caflles, manors,, lands, tenements and hereditaments, late par- cel of the poffeflions of the faid Ferdinand, late EARL of DERBY, in the towns, hamlets, villages and places hereafter mentioned; and in every of them, mould be aflured, convey- ed and enjoyed, by and unto fuch perfon or perfons, and for and during fuch eftate and eftates ; and with and under fuch limitations, powers, liberties, declarations and favings, and in fuch manner and form as hereafter mentioned, limited and exprefled. Which. HOUSE of STANLEY, 175 Which faid order and agreement fo made by the honourable perfons aforefaid, as well the faid William, EARL of DERBY, and the Countefs Elizabeth, his wife, and reft of the iffue male, defcended from the honourable Houfe of Derby, and the faid ladies, Ann, Frances- and Elizabeth, daughters of the faid late Earl Ferdinand, before and until their feveral marriages ; and fince their faid marriages, their faid hufbands and they did, and yet do hold themfelves well contented and fatisfied. All 'which orders and agree- ments were confirmed by acl: of parliament, paffed the fourth of James I. as hereafter. By which at and agreement, were ap- pointed and yielded to the right honourable William, EARL of DERBY, the ancient feats of Latham and Knowfley ; with all the houfes, lands, caflles and appurtenances in Lancafhire, Cumberland, Yorkfhire, Che- mire, and many in Wales ; alfo the manor of Meriden, in the county of Warwick, with the old feat in Channon-row, Weftminfter; (now Derby-court) alfo the advowfon of the parim-church of the Holy Trinity, in the city of Chefler.' And 176 The HISTORY of the And to the faid heirs female, the daugh- ters of the faid late Earl Ferdinand, the ba- ronies of Strange of Knocking, Mohun, Barnwell, Baflet and Lacy, with all the houfes, caftles, manors and lands thereto belonging; with feveral other manors and large eftates lying in moft counties of Eng- land, and many in Wales. For the better and further aflurance there- of to every party, and the prevention of all future difputes, there were nineteen recove- ries fuffered in the common pleas, London, in one term, and feventeen at Lancafter, in one affize ; and thus was compofed and brought to final iffue, all difputes and con- troverfies touching the lands and numerous eftates in England and Wales, exceeding in extent and value moft of the fubjecls in the King's dominions ; by which the reader will eafily judge what a terrible breach was made therein by the faid divifion. And though affairs at home were, after much labour, ftruggle and expence, accom- modated and eftablifhed as before ; yet the moft princely branch (the Ifle of Man) remained HOUSE of STANLEY. 177 remained unfettled ; the faid ladies claiming the fame right to that (as heirs to their father) as they had done to thofe in England and Wales ; and the difputes and contefts in law, touching the right and title thereof, conti- nued almofl as long as thofe had done in England. But the right thereto being brought upon the carpet by Earl William, and his title ftrongly afferted by him, the decifion there- of in fome time came before the learned judges of the feveral benches ; who upon a full hearing of the council on both fides, ' declared the patent by King Henry IV. granting the Ille of Man to Sir John Stan- ley, and his heirs for ever, was warranted by the common law, and that the heirs gen- eral would take it before their uncle. Whereupon the faid Earl was conftrained to come to a treaty and agreement with the faid heirs general ; as alfo with Thomas, Lord Elfemere, then chancellor of England, and Alice, his wife, widow of the late Earl Ferdinand,, who had married the faid chan- cellor, for the purchafe of all their feveral .8 A a claims 178 The HISTORY of tfie claims and intereft, in and to the faid ifland, or any part or parts thereof; which he at length affected and got into pofleilion of the fame. Upon which he applied to his Majefly Kin lames I. and from him obtained a new o iJ patent or grant, confirming to him and his heirs for ever the faid Ifle of Man, with all the honours, powers, privileges and regalities thereto belonging, or any wife appertaining, in as full and ample a manner as it had been granted to, or enjoyed by any former lord thereof Which faid letters patent, together with the faid agreement, made with all the parties aforefaid, the faid Earl had confirmed by a fpecial act of parliament began at Weft- minfter the nineteenth of March, the firft of James I. and continued to the ninth of Fe- bruary, the feventh of James I. as by the faid acl:, wherein he fettled the Ifle of Man upon himfelf and the lady Elizabeth, his wife for life, and to the furvivor of them, and after to James, Lord Stanley, his elded' fon and Iieir, and the heirs male of his body ; and in HOUSE of STANLEY. 1 79 in default of fuch iffue, to Sir Robert Stan- ley, his fecond fon, and the heirs male of his body ; and in default of fuch iffue, then to the right heirs of the faid Jarnes, Lord Stan- ley, for ever, with a provifp, that neither he, nor any of his fucceffors, fhouid either by will, deed, or any other inftrument in wri- ting, give, bargain, contract, fell, affign or transfer the faid ifland, or any branch there^ of, from his or their own ifl'ue. But in default of fuch heirs, then to the right heirs of the faid Sir Robert Stanley, under the faid limitations and reflraint as by record thereof, returned into the chancery of England, by writ of certiorari, bearing date the thirtieth of July, the eighth of James I. appeareth that the noble Lord, whofe life and aclions we have here treated of, was the fixth of his family, and was by Queen Elizabeth, honoured with the noble Order of the Garter, and the firft of James I. was, by patent, made chamberlain of Chefler, for life; in which office he ap- pointed Henry Townfhend, Efq; his vice- chamberlain, and after him fucceeded Sir Thomas Ireland, of Bewfey, and after him A a 2 Roger i8o The HISTORY of the Roger Downs, of Wardley, Efq ; and after him Orlando Bridgeman Efq. who conti- nued to the year 1640. when a new patent patted, joining with his father, James, Lord Stanley, for both their lives, and the furvi- vor of them. But fome Years before this laft patent, viz. 1637, his lady being dead, and he grown old and infirm, and defirous to with- draw himfelf from the hurry and fatigue of life, in which he had been very largely en- gaged, and greatly encumbered (as hath fceen related) and his fon James, Lord Stan- ley, now advanced to the honour of Strange alfo, (as hereafter) having married the mod noble lady Charlotte, daughter to Claud de Tremouille, Duke de Tremouille and Tra- vers, in France, a lady of high birth and agreeable fortune, and his fon, the Lord Stanley and Strange, being a perfon of ex- alted genius, highly qualified with learning, and all the accornpliihments of a noble mind and fpirit, his kind and indulgent father was pleafed to honour and dignify him agreeable to his quality, by the affignauon and furren- der of all his eltate to him, and put him in poffeflion HOUSE of STANLEY. 181 poflefllon thereof, refer ving to himfelf only one thoufand pounds per annum, during his life, as by the following deed. "Know ye that I William, EARL of DER- BY, Lord of Man and the Ifles, &c. being lawfully feized of and in my demefnes as of freehold of fundry houfes, caflles, lands, tenements and honours, as well in England and Wales, as in the Ifle of Man ; do by this my fufficient deed, under my hand and feal, bearing date this eleventh day of Auguft, 1637, grant and furrender to my fon James, Lord Stanley and Strange, and his heirs, all my term for life, intereit and eftate whatfo- ever, of, in, and unto the fame lands, tene- ments and hereditaments, whereof I was fo feized," &c. Whereupon the Earl purchafed a conveni- ent houfe on the fide of the river Dee, near Chefter, whither he retired, and pafled the evening of his life in quiet, peace, and pleaf- ing enjoyment of eafe, reft and freedom of body as well as mind, agreeable to the prac- tice and fentiments of the wife fenators of Rome, who, on like occafions, ufed to retire to 182 The HISTORY of the to their rural feats, as given us by one of their own poets, viz. " How blefl is he, who tired with his affairs, Far from all noife and vain applaufe prepares To go, and underneath fome filent ihacle, Which neither cares nor anxious thoughts invade ; Does for a while, alone himfelf poffefs, Changing the court for rural happinefs." This Earl married the lady Elizabeth, daughter to Edward, Earl of Oxford, by whom he had ifiue two fons, James and Ro- bert, (before mentioned) alfo three daugh- ters, firfl Elizabeth, who died young ; fecond Ann, who married Sir Henry Portman, of Orchard, in the county of Somerfet, and af- ter his death, Sir Robert Carr, Knight and Earl of Ancram, in Scotland. The third daughter (another Elizabeth) who died young ; and James his elded fon and fuccef- ibr we mall take notice of in due place ; in the interim, Robert his fecond fon married a daughter of Lord Witherington, by whom he had iflue, who are all long fince extinct ; as hereafter appears. This HOUSE of STANLEY- ^3 This noble Lord died in his retirement at his faid houfe near Chefter, on the twenty- ninth of September, 1642 ; and from thence was conveyed to Ormfkirk, and there depo- fited with his noble anceftors. But before we proceed we have further to obferve, that during this Lord's life, whofe eyes we have clofed, in the midft of all his contefts and druggies of life for a fhare of the great and immenfe eftate of his anceftors, was applied to for the repair of Warrington - bridge, creeled by his noble and renowned an- ceftor, Thomas, EARL of DERBY (as before mentioned) and by them repaired and a- mended as occafion required ; together with the caufeway leading from it to the rifing ground on the Chefliire-fide, to his time; as before. But he being under the calamitous flate of continual fuits, contefts and daily expence in law, for the recovery of his natural right, and then not pofTeft of any, or but a fmall pittance thereof, refufed his affiftance to the amendment of that bridge, then much out of order. Upon, 184 The HISTORY of the Upon which the gentlemen of Chefhire confulted the judges at Chefter upon that fubject, who advifed, that enquiry might be made by them againft the next aflizes, if any lands or tenements were fettled and appro- priated by any of the noble family of Derby, for the maintenance and fupport thereof, and report the cafe to them as it appeared upon the faid enquiry; which being fully made, and nothing found fettled for the pur- pofes aforefaid, they were advifed by the faid judges to confult together with their neigh- bours of Lancamire, of fome proper means for the fupport, and reparation thereof. Upon which a meeting was held by the gentlemen of Chefliire and Lancamire, to confider of this public affair wherein both the counties were greatly concerned; the refult whereof was, That as it had been built and hitherto preferved at the good pleafure and generofity of the Houfe of Stanley, without any obligation upon any of them for the continuance thereof, that for the future, one county Oiould repair one half thereof, and the other county the other half (as k l am informed it is at this time) for the original and HOUSE of STANLEY. 185 and remarkable ftruclure and benefit where- of (which begot the prefent town of War- rington) they and all the ancient and pre- fent landlords round it are greatly indebted to the noble and illuftrious Houfe of Derby. To whom fucceeded James, Lord Stanley and Strange, his eldeft ion and heir, who was called to * parliament by writ from King Charles I. in 1627, the third year of his reign, by the flile and title of Sir James Stanley, Knight of the Bath, and Chevalier de Strange, without any local place, and as fuch fat in the Houfe of Peers feveral parlia- ments, when his father fat there as EARL of DERBY. Of this noble iPeer we have much to obferve, and (hall as near as we are able from manufcript, hiftory and record, give the reader the particulars of his mofl remarkable life, and eve*v memorable tranfa6lion thereoF in their pro|fer order of time, beginning nrft, with the character given of him by Sir William Dugdale ; who tells us, that fetting afide the great ftate he lived in, and 8 B b his * Journal of the Houfe of Lords. i86 The HISTORY of the his wonderful hofpitality and beneficence to' his neighbours, friends and fervants ; he was a perfon highly accomplimed with learning, prudence, loyalty and true valour ; and was one, if not the firil of the Peers that re- paired to King Charles I. at York, when the feditious, infolent and rebellious Londoners, had drove his Majefty from Whitehall ; and though he did not ufually follow the court, or defign to advance his honour or family by a complimental and obfequious attendance of that kind ; yet, when he faw his Majef- ty 's affairs required his affiftance, he thought himfelf obliged both by his religion and alle- giance, to ferve him to the utmoft of his power, with his life and fortune ; and made him a tender of both. And although he obferved the minifters of ftate about his Majefty looked coldly and diftant upon him, perhaps thinking him either too great or too popular (in their opinion) to be much favoured or employed in that critical juncture ; yet his Lordfhip (Magna SubmiJJis roberc Mentis) prudently concealed his fenfe thereof, and with the plainnefs and integrity of his loyal mind, offered himfelf ready HOUSE of STANLEY. 187 ready to obferve his Majefty 's commands upon all occafions. And in his own words tells us, that in the beginning of that war in 1643, ^ e tnou ght himfelf happy to have the general applaufe of his neighbouring gentlemen and yeomen, as they would choofe .to follow him as they had done his anceflors ; but whether this was more to continue a cuftom, or the love of his name or perfon, was hard to fay. But this he knew, that he had raifed three thoufand good men, who went with him out of Lancafhire, to attend and ferve his Majef- ty, and that he was extremely grieved to fee the King in fo bad a condition, which made him fpare neither pains, cofl nor hazard, to aflift him in fo juft a quarrel ; he lent the King all his arms, and his Majefty gave him his warrant to receive as many from New- caflle. But fomebody was in the fault, his Ma- jefty's warrant not being obeyed, nor he fup- plied with arms and amunition as was ex- peeled ; his Majefty alfo allowed and ordered him a fufficient fum of money for his fer- B b 2 vice ; i88 The HISTORY of the vice; but Tome of his fervants about him thought fit to keep it for other ufes. " I fhall not, fays he, enter into particulars, but only fay, that this might (hew the King my good intention in the difcharge of a good con- fcience, and the prefervation of my honour, in fpite of envy and malice." The firft confiderable debate wherein he eminently and perhaps envioufly (hewed him- felf, was, concerning the moft convenient place for fetting up the King's Standard, York, Chefler, Nottingham, Shrewfbury, and Oxford being in propofition, his Lorcl- fhip having heard the feveral reafons and opinions offered, and well weighed and con- fidered the arguments for their fupport ; at laft, with a quiet and calm humility inter- pofed to the following effect : that with hum- ble fubmiffion to his Majefty and his council, he conceived Lancafhire to be a convenient place to erect his Majefty 's Standard in, and raife a confiderable army ; urging, that as it lay in the centre of the northern counties, to which the loyal parties of Yorkfhire, Cumberland, Weftmoreland, Chefhire, Shrop- fliire, North-Wales, and Nottingham (hire, might HOUSE of STANLEY. 189 might have ready and eafy accefs ; that he apprehended the inhabitants of that county both gentry and commons (at leaft for the greateft part) well inclined to his Majefty's jiiftcaufe; that the people are ufually very hardy, and make good foldiers, and that he himfelf, (though the unworthieft of his lieu- tenants) would to the utmoft of his eftate, contribute to his fervice ; and that he durft promife three thoufand foot, and five hun- dred horfe, to be furnifhed out at his own charge ; that he made no doubt but in three days to enlift feven thoufand Men more un- der his Majefty's pay, and to make up an army often thoufand men in Lancafhire, to which the accefTes from other counties might in a (hort time arife to a confiderable army ; and that he hoped his Majefty would be able to march to London walls, before the rebels there could form an array to oppofe him. Thefe things thus propofed, his Majefty and council took time to confider and re- folve what to do on that momentous affair; and a few days after, it was concluded, with much diffatisfaftion to the party that favour* ed ico The cd not his Lordiiup, that the be fet up at Warnngto... li Lancafh where his Majefty's army might hav*- ' - venience of both Chemire and L. ire,, for the quantites of both horfe anc His Lordfhip upon this refolve vv patched to Lancafhire, to prepare for :s Majefty's reception, and to difpofe the coun- try to be ready for his fervice. Immediately on his return to Lancafhire, he muftered the county in three places, on the heaths by Bury, by Ormfkirk, and by Prefton ; where at the leaft twenty thoufand men appeared to him in each field, mod whereof were well armed with pikes, mufket. or other weapons. His Lordfhip intending to have done the fame in Chemire, and North-Wales, where he was lieutenant, but thefe things which by his lordfhip were really intended for his Ma- jefty s fervice, were by the envy, jealoufy, or prejudice of fome at court, infmuated to ferve other purpofes, fuggefting that the Earl was a popular man; that he was no fa- vourer of the court, but rather a male-con- tent, that thofe noifed mufters which he had made, were preindications of his ambitious defigns ; HOUSE of STANLEY. 191 defigns; that it was dangerous trufting him with great power in his hands, who too well knew his near alliance to the crown ; that his anceftor, the Lord Stanley, though he ap- peared with Richard III. and gave his Ton George, Lord Strange, as a pledge of his loyalty, yet turned the battle againft him, and put the crown upon the head of Henry VII. That his uncle, Ferdinand, had declar- ed too boldly his pretenfions to the crown ; that his lady was a Hugonot, bred up in the religion and principles of the Dutch ; and that for thefe and other good reafons it was not fafe for his Majefty to put himfelf too : ar into his hands, or truft him with too great a power. Thefe invidious and injuri- ous infinuations, not with ft and ing the King's good inclinations towards him, fo far pre- vailed and puzzled his council, that they )erfuaded the eafy good-natured King to change his refolution, and to fet up the royal [tandard at Nottingham, to dived the EARL of DERBY of the lieutenancy of Chefhire and Wales, and to join the Lord Rivers, newly made an Earl, in commiflion with him n Lancafhire. This I 9 2 The HISTORY of the This fuddcn and unexpected turn in his Majefty's council being fuggefted to his Lordfhip from York, gave him ibrne trou- ble and anxiety of mind; yet, agreeable to 'his great temper, he quickly recovered him- felf, and with great equanimity, fpoke to this effecl. ' Let my mufter be happy, tho' I be miferable ; and if they confult well for him, I (hall not be much concerned what becomes of me."' " My wife, my children, my family and country, are very dear unto me ; but if my Prince and my Religion be fafe, I (hall blefs even my enemies who do well for them though in my ruin." Then with the advice of his friends, whofe council he always ufed in cafes of difficulty, he difpatched a gen- tleman to York, with letters to his Majefly, fignifying that he had read the exprefs of his Majefty's good pleafure, as he ought to do with fubmiflion and due obedience, that though his enemies would not give him leave to ferve his Majefty, they fhould never fo far provoke him as to defert him ; that if he might not according to his birth and uality he permitted to fight for him, he would HOUSE of STANLEY. 193 would never draw his fword againft him; that he did fubmiffively refign the lieutenancies of Chefhire and North-Wales to his Ma- jefty 's difpofal, but befought him to take away that of Lancafhire alfo, rather than fubjeft: him to the reproach and fufpicion of a partner in the government. Thefe letters being received and perufed by his Majefty and council, had only this effect : that the Lord Rivers was removed, and the Earl left in the fingle command of Lancaftiire. But the unkind and impolitic ufage of this noble Lord (though by him fuffered with the greateft refolution) was by the country, who had the greateft venera- tion for his family, highly refented, which proved very prejudicial to his Majefty 's in- tereft ; many gentlemen in the north, who were well inclined to his Majefty 's caufe, feeing the contempt and ill ufage of the EARL of DERBY, either remained neuter, or revolted to the Parliament with all their dependencies ; fufpe&ing (as indeed it fell out) that the EARL of DERBY being laid afide, the country would never follow any other commander, and that the King's inte- 9 C c refl HISTORY of ike reft would dwindle and be foon loft. Thefe divifions and difappointments his Lordfhip tells us, made the ill affecled in Lancafhire grow proud, and the meaner fort thought it a fine thing to fet up againft the great ones ; and the Parliament being quickly informed of thefe difagreeable 'circumftances and bad management of the King's affairs, imme- diately offered his Lordfhip what power and command he would accept of in their fer- vice, which his Lordfhip rejected with fcorn and indignation. Yet, the fame bait took with many others that formerly had no inclination to the Puri- tanical Faclion; Aftiton of Middleton ; Hol- land of Hcaton ; Holcroft of Holcroft ; Hey- wood of Heywood ; Birch of Birch, and feveral others ; who, fuppofing on this flight of the EARL of DERBY, that the whole coun- try would be at their devotion ; took com- miflions from the Parliament, and with all fpeed garrifoned and fortified themfelves in Manchefter, the Parliament encouraging and affifting them with money and amunition. The HOUSE of STANLEY. 195 The royal Standard being about this time fet up at Nottingham, and the country not coming in as expefted, the King began now to reflect on the ill ufage of the EARL of DERBY, and by an expreis under his own hand, defired him to raife what forces he could in Lancafhire, and come with them to him. To this his Lordfhip anfwered, that the rebels had feized Manchefter ; that many of the country had joined them, and others had declared for a loofe and undutiful neu- trality ; that the face of things was greatly altered by his Majefty's march another way, and that he could not now flatter his Majef- ty with the accefs of fuch aids as he might have done a few months pad ; however, notwithstanding all the discouragements he met with, he would ufe all his endeavours to raife what forces he could for his Majef- ty's afliftance ; and for that purpofe his Lord- (hip iffued out his warrants for an appear- ance of all his own tenants and dependants, but durft not venture to make a general mufter of the county, for fear of waking the late fufpicions which were yet fcarce aileep. From amongft his tenants and relations he very foon raifed three regiments of foot, and C c 2 thret ig6 The HISTORY of the three troops of horfe, and cloathed them at his own charge, and armed them out of his own magazine ; and when they were in rea- dinefs to march, his Lordfhip ported to the King at Shrewfbury, to receive his com- mands. His Majefty guefling the dangerous confequence that might enfue by leaving a nurfery of rebellion behind him at Manchef- ter, ordered thofe forces to attack that place, and required the Earl, then with his Majef- ty, to give direction to Colonel Gilbert Gerrard, an old foldier, to draw before the town. The Colonel obeyed his orders, but the waters being then fo fwelled, he found it difficult to fix commodious potts for his horfe and foot, which occafioned fome delay in the intended^ attack of the town ; and therefore the Earl himfelf was, by his Majefty 's fpecial command, fent thither from Shrewfbury, to give a fpeedy onfet, and whether he carried the town or not, to march up to the camp. . The Earl had not been four hours before :hc town ere he fummoned them to fubmit o the King's clemency, and to give up the }lace upon honourable terms, but they with $reat obftinccy refufed all offers of mercy; on . ~ HOUSE of STANLEY. 197 on which is Lordfhip gave orders for a ftorm upon the town the next morning at four o'clock, but that very night about twelve, bis Lordfhip received letters from his Majef- ty, intimating, that the Earl of EfTex was at the head of the rebels, and now marching from London towards him with a formidable army ; that he flood in need of thofe forces under his Lordfhip, and that if the town was not carried, he mould not hazard any of them by an affault ; that if he carried the )attle againft Effex. thofe fmall garrifons would fall of themfelves ; and that his Lord- hip would, on receipt of thofe letters, forth- with advance to him with what forces he had. Upon this, though his Lordfhip made no doubt to have gained the place by an eafy aflault, and thought it would highly reflect upon his honour to quit it reinfefta, yet, complied without difpute or delay, to obey the King's commands, well knowing how his enemies at court would interpret any ac- cident that might occur in any attempt con- trary to the orders he had received; he there- fore, to the wonder and regret of all his officers and foldiers, gave directions for a fpeedy i 9 8 The HISTORY of the ^edy march by five o'clock in the morning, . : i in two days brought to hL Majrfty ti .ec ,^-nnents of foot, and three troops of horie; well hoping that he might have commanded the troops raifed at his own expence, ^ a I O ade in his Majefty's fervice. However, his enemies, and probably no iriciids to the King, fo far wrought upon his Majefiy's too eafy and credulous temper by fecrct, unjuft and malicious whifpers, that he took the command of thofe troops from the Earl, and difpofed of them to other officers ; for which his Majefty only gave him for his reafons, this fpecious pretence ; that it was neceffary his Lordfliip mould attend his charge in Lancafhire, and the motion of the rebels there ; therefore defired him to haflen back, and to do all in his power to prevent the growth and increafe of their forces in that county. This noble Lord, though a perfon of great temper, yet of as great a fpirit, was fo ruffled at this unkind ufage, that he was fcarce able to contain himfelf ; but in a little time reco- vering from his great furprize, replied to his Majeftyj HOUSE of STANLEY. 199 Majefty, "Sire, If I have deferred this 'in- dignity, I deferve alfo to be hanged : ;i not, my honour and quality command me to beg your juftice. againft thofe perfons, who in this infolent manner, abufe both me and your Majefty ; and if any man living (your Ma- jefty excepted) (hall dare to fix the lead accu- fation upon me that may tend to my difter- vice, I hope you will give me leave to pick the calumny from his lips, with the point of my fword." His Majefty, with a fmooth countenance, appeared to entertain no difpleafure againft his Lordfhip, but faid, " My Lord, my af- fairs are troubled ; the rebels are marching againft me, and it is not now a time to quar- rel amongft ourfelves ; have a little patience and I will do you right." Though his Lord- fhip did with all moderation contain himfelf, and ufed all endeavours to cover the diflatis- faclion he was under, on the manifeft difho- nour done him on this occafion, yet the mat- ter could not be fo privately carried on, but it was foon fpread through the whole court and army. His Lord (hip's friends fpoke plainly out, and his foldiers refufed to march or 200 The HISTORY of the or ferve under any other commander but his, Lordfhip ; who, by his wifdom and temper, compofed the minds of his friends, and pre- vailed upon his foldiers to pay obedience to their officers. The rebels in Lancafhire were not ignorant how things patted at court, and thought it now a proper time to re-attempt his Lordfhip with frefh offers of power and command; and to this purpofe procured a new exprefs from the Parliament to his Lordfllip, im- porting, " That he could not but be very fenfible of the great indignity put upon him at court by the King's evil counfellors ; that thofe enemies were the enemies of the nation ; that they ftruck at religion and all good men, and would permit none but Papifts, or peo- ple popimly affected, to be near his Majefty; that,it was the whole intent of the Parliament to remove men of fuch defperate and perni- cious principles from his perfon, and to fe- cure the true Proteftant Religion ; that if his- Lordfhip would engage in that good caufe, he mould have command equal to his own greatnefs, or any of his anceflors." The HOUSE of STANLEY. 201 The purport of thefe letters, raifed a greater indignation in his Lordfhip, than all the flights and indignities he had received at court, whereupon he vouchfafed them no other anfwer, than that he gave to the co- lonel who brought the meflage " Pray tell the gentlemen at Manchefter, and let them tell the gentlemen at London, that when they hear I turn traitor, I fhall hearken to their propofitions, till then, if I receive any other papers of this nature, it fhall be at the peril of him that brings them," The rebels in Lancafhire had, by this time, garrifoned Lancafter and Prefton, and in a manner commanded all the county ; and his Lordfhip having diverted himfelf of his arms and magazines, was not in a condition to make much refiftance againft them ; yet he ufed all diligence to fortify his own houfc at Latham, and fecretly got in men, horfe and ammunition, and had in a month's time, raifed a good troop of horfe, and two com- panies of foot; and being advifed that three captains of foot with their companies were advanced to Houghton-common, within fix miles of Latham, his Lordfhip with what D d forces 202 The HISTORY of the forces he had, marched out againft them, and after half an hour's fight, defeated and took the three captains prifoners (one where- of was Venables, who was afterwards em- ployed by Oliver Cromwell., againft Hifpa- niola). By this defeat fo unexpectedly given to that party, he made himfelf mafter of all their arms, and ftruck fuch a terror in the country, as greatly raifed his Lordfhip's re- putation, infomuch that great ftore of horfe and foot came daily and joined him, where- by he foon began to confine the rebels to their garrilbns. About this time Lord Molineux coming to Lancafhire to recruit his regiment, much {nattered at Edge-hill and Brainford fights, Lord Derby applied to him for the affiftance of his forces, in order to reduce the garri- ibns in thofe parts, which much annoyed that part of the country, and greatly impe- ded his Majefty's fervice ; to which Lord Molineux agreed, and with their joint forces marched from Latham-houfe in the dark of the evening to Lancafter, without halting, being about thirty miles, and appeared be- fore the town at break of day, and fummon- ed HOUSE of STANLEY. 203 ed the garrifon to furrender, who refufing to comply, the town was immediately ftormed, and taken at the fecond aflault, in which the foldiers were rather backwards in engaging, which the Earl perceiving, took a half pike in his hand, and calling out to them, faid, " Follow me ;" on which fome gentlemen volunteers joined him, which the foldiers perceiving, chearfully followed and entered the town, in which twenty foldiers were wounded, and that gallant, loyal and worthy gentlemen, Mr Blundell of Crofby, had his thigh (nattered by a mufket ball. * After taking the town and demolishing the \yorks, his Lordfhip refrefhed his men three days, and began his march the third even- ing towards Prefton, where arriving early the next morning, he fent a fummons to the Mayor to furrender the town to his Majefty's ufe ; who refufing to obey the fummons, the Earl gave orders to affault the works in three places, by Captains Chifenhall, RadclifF and Edward Rawfthorne. Captain Chifenhall entered firft, and being fupported by the re- ferve, the town, after about an hour's fight, D d 2 was * Lancafier taken 1 8th of March, 1642. 204 The HISTORY of the was fubdued, and about fix hundred of the enemy killed, and the reft made prifoners, except fome who efcaped by way of the river, which was fordable. f His Lordftiip having demoiifhed the works of this town alfo, and judging that an ufelefs garrifon was not only a lofs to his Majefty's fervice, but a plague to the country, by pillaging and opprefling them ; and having refrelhed his foldiers four or five days, called a council of war, at which he propofed a march to Manchefter, then the chiefeft garrifon the rebels had in the county ; urging, that now the enemy were under great confternation, and the works of the town inconfiderable to refolved men ; that there were a great party in the place well affected to his Majefty's caufe, and he was advertifed, that on the appearance of the King's forces, they would (hew them- felves. Therefore if it pleafed the Lord Molineux and the other commanders (by whofe affift- ance the late happy actions were atchieved) to march with him to Manchefter, he would either reduce the town, or lay his bones before it. This f Preflon taken zift cf March, 1642, HOUSE of STANLEY. 205 This propofal met with fome oppofition, but after a fhort debate it was carried for a march, and the army advanced that night as far as Chorley ; but before two o'clock in the morning, Lord Molineux was, by his Ma- jefty's command, called up to Oxford, with his regiment. Lord Derby with much im- portunity, intreated his ftay but for four days, that he might attempt fomething upon Manchefter ; which the Lord Molineux and the other officers with him, flatly refufed ; producing their commiflions to make up their regiment and broken companies, out of the forces newly raifed by the EARL of DERBY. 'No doubt but this ufage muft be very mocking to that great Lord, who, being not only deferted by his auxilaries, but deprived of his own forces, was left alone to fecure himfelf by a retreat to his houfe at Latham ; at which his and the King's enemies taking new courage, united all their fcattered forces into one body, and aflembled at Wigan, a town newly garrifoned by his Lordmip, and trufted to the command of Major-general Blaire, a Scotch gentleman, recommended to him by the King ; which town they took and 2o6 The HISTORY of the and plundered, to the very utenfils and plate belonging the communion-table, which one of their puritanical teachers (Tyldefley) hung round him, as the fpoils and plunder of an heathenim idol. All thefe difcouragements, fufficient to have funk the fpirits and fhaken the loyalty of the mod affectionate and dutiful fubjecl: in the world, ferved only to excite his great and loyal mind, with thoughts how to re- trieve all paft misfortunes; and when any about him took the liberty of reflecting upon the court, he was obferved to filence them with that pafiage of Tacitus, {; Pravis dilis fattifque ex pofleritate et fama metus" Whilft his Lordfhip was engaged in new contrivances to advance his Majefly's fervice, he received an exprefs from the King, im- porting that his enemies had formed fome projects to feize the Ifle of Man ; that they had a party in the ifland in confederacy with them ; and without his fpeedy care, it was in danger of being loft ; then thanked him for his HOUSE of STANLEY. 207 his many good fervices in England, and be- fought him to haften fpeedily thither, for the fecurity of that place. Upon his Lordfhip's perufal of thefe dif- patches, he fpoke to his lady with more than ordinary quicknefs and concern, faying, " My heart, my enemies have now their will; having prevailed with his Majefty to order me to the Ifle of Man, as a fofter banifhment from his prefence, and their malice." His Lordfhip, who always knew how to obey, and never difputed the King's com- mands, was upon this occafion, under inex- preflible grief and confufion of mind, being as it were at a lofs how, and in what manner to at at fo critical a juncture, with re- gard to his Majefty's commands, and the fervice he was capable of doing him in Eng- land ; reafoning with himfelf in the follow- ing manner : " I that have, with the few that durft take my part, hitherto kept the greatefl part of Lancafhire in fubjeclion to his Ma- jefty in fpite of his enemies, muft now aban- don my family, friends, and country's fafety, to the malice of a wicked mul- titude. 208 The HISTORY of the titude, without either mercy or compaf- fion." But (as his Lordmip's memoirs go on) it being now known that the Queen was at York with great forces, I was advifed and requefled by the loyal gentlemen then with me, to go to her Majefty, and reprefent to her our diftrefled fituation, and the necef- fity of giving us fpeedy help and relief, which I complied with, and left the few forces I had in Lancashire, under -command of Lord Molineux. In my abfence the enemy pofTefled them- felyes of the whole country, faving my houfe and Sir John Girlington's ; and a misfortune happening at Wakefield, which prevented the Queen from fending any part of her forces to our affiftance ; and the Lancafhire troops yet remaining, taking a march towards York, in hopes of meeting me there, were difap- pointed, which verified the old proverb, that " 111 fortune feldom comes alone." For at this time a report was fpread, that the Scots intended to aflift the Parliament, would HOUSE of STANLEY. 209 would land in the north, and in their way endeavour to take the Ifle of Man, which might prove of ill confequence to his Majef- ty's affairs, to which I gave not much heed, but continued my defire to wait on the Queen at Oxford (where- the King then was) and during my ftay there, I wrote the following letter to my fon Charles, Lord Strange, and had enlarged, but was fuddenly called away, viz. " That I had received letters from the Ifle of Man, intimating great danger of a revolt there ; for that many people follow- ing the example of England, began by mur- muring and complaining againft the govern- ment, and from fome feditious and wicked fpirits, had learned the fame leffon with the Londoners, to come to court in a tumultu- ous manner, demanding new laws, and a change of the old ; that they would have no bifhops, pay no tithes to the clergy, defpifed authority, and refcued fome who had been committed by the governor for infolence and contempt, &c. It was alfo reported that a (hip of war which I had there for defence of the ifland, was taken by the Parliament mips, which proved true; and that it was judged by her Majefly and thofe with her (as Lord E e Goring, 210 The HISTORY of ike Goring, Lord Digby, Lord Jermin, Sir Ed- ward Deering, and many others) that I {hould forthwith go to the ifland, to prevent the impending mifchief in time, as well for his Majefty's fervice, as the prefer vation of my own inheritance." Thus far I have digrefied to take off that objection often afked, that when every gal- lant fpirit had engaged himfelf for the King and country, why I left the nation, deferted his Majefty's fervice, and became neuter? with many fuch like invidious and malicious fuggeftions, to my prejudice ; but I blefs GOD I am fully fatisfied of my own conduct and integrity of heart, well remembering all thofe circumftances, as well as the wicked infinuations of my implacable and reftlefs enemies. How others may be fatisfied herewith, I know not, but think this fliort relation, for want of time to fet things in a fuller light, may rather puzzle the mind of the readers, if any {hould chance to fee it but yourfelf ; but you, my fon, are bound to believe well of your father, and I to be thankful to Almighty GOD, HOUSE of STA NLEY. 2 1 1 GOD, that you fo well underftand yourfelf, and me; as for others, I am unconcerned whether they underftand me or not. Upon the above advice, by her Majefty and friends, I returned to Latham, and hav- ing fecretly made what provifions I pofTibly could, of men, money and ammunition, for the defence and protection of my wife and children, againlt the infolence and affronts of the enemy, prepared for my fpeedy voy- age to the Ifle of Man ; taking with me fuch men and materials, as might anfwer thole ends I was fent about. Leaving my houfe, children, and all rny concerns in England, to the care of my w r ife, a perfon of virtue and honour, equal to her high birth and quality, who being now left alone, a woman, a ftranger in the country (and as the enemy imagined) without friends, provifions or ammunition for defence or re^- fiftance, concluded, that Latham-houfe would fall an eafy prey to them, for which purpofe they procured a commiffion from the Parliar ment to reduce it either by treaty or force. E e 2 But 212 The HISTORY of the But before I proceed to acquaint the world with the .conduct and bravery of this moil heroic and noble lady, in defence of herfelf, family and friends, give me leave to attend her hufband, the puiflant EARL of DERBY, to his principality of Man, and relate from his own memoirs, the (late he found that place in, with his conduct and management thereof, and his observations of that iiland and people, alfo his inftru&ions, by letters from thence to his fon, the Lord Strange, advifmg and inftrucling him in the govern- ment of that ifland when it mould defcend to him, with the conducl and management of himfelf and family, in the courfe of his life. My coming to the Ifle of Man proved in good time, for it was believed by moft, that a few days longer abfence would have endeo the happy peace that ifland had fo long en- joyed. When the people knew of my com- if g, they were much affecled with it ; and on my arrival found, that my lieutenant, Cap- tain Greehalgh, had wifely managed the bu- fmefs by patience and good conducl, and ob- ferving the general diforder, had wifely con- fidered, that the people were to be won as tame HOUSE of STANLEY. 213 tame wild beads, and not by violent wreft- ling, left they (hould turn upon you and know their flrength ; and who, tho' a pow- erful prince, if 9. multitude rife againft him, being alone, or with a few, can well ftand againft them ? As it is not therefore good that the common people {hould know their ftrength, fo is it fafeft to keep them ig- norant of what they may do, but rather give them daily occafion to admire the power and clemency of their Lord ; and this to be done as often as he exercifeth Juftice and Mercy ; the one without too much rigour (but ftill according to the laws) and the other with foftnefs, fit objecls, and upon thofe to make his own aft ; for every aft of grace, or what- ever is good and pleafmg, muft come im- mediately from himfelf ; and never let it be known that any particular perfon hath pow- er or occafion to perfuade you to do what is good andjuft; and if you be jealous that they would think fuch an one your advifer, be fure fome time to deny that man fomething, that notice may be taken of it; and (hew the world that Reafon and Juftice are the rule you are governed by ; but if in any thing you are obliged to be harfh, of that let ano- ther 314 The HISTORY of the ther bear a (hare ; and when you deny or afflict, let another's mouth pronounce it. The Captain before my coming had impri- foned a faucy fellow in the face of the rabble, who cried aloud, that they would all fare as that man did, which he warily feemed not to fear and only threatened to lay every man by the heels that continued to behave in the fame manner he had done; well knowing that if he punifhed him at that time, the reft would have refcued him, which would have let them fee their own power, and how little his ftarY of office could annoy or hurt them. He then adjourned the court to ano- ther time, and wifhed them for the future to put their complaints in writing; and with good words promifed to redrefs all their juft grievances, and for that purpofe would lend over to me, without whom he told them no law could be changed ; with which they were well pleafed, and fo departed. Here you may obferve the benefit of a good Governor; and indeed of any fervant in any office of truft; for the firft judgment we make of a great man's underftanding is in HOUSE rf STANLEY. 215 in the choice of his fervants and followers-; for if they be good and faithful, then he is reputed a wife man, as having knowledge to difcern, and for want of this caution and care, many great families in England are ruined. The Earl of DERBY'S Char after of Captain GREEHA LGH, and his Reafons for his Choice of him for Governor. " Firft, that he was a Gentleman well born, and fuch ufually fcorn a bafe action. Secondly, that he has a good eftate of his own, and therefore need not borrow of ano- ther, which hath been a fault in this country; for when governors have wanted, and been forced to be beholding to thofe who may be the greateft offenders againft the lord and country, in fuch cafe the borower becomes fervant to the lender, to the ftoppage, if not the perverfion of juftice; next he was a de- puty Lieutenant and Juftice of Peace for his own country ; he governed his own affairs well, 2i6 The HISTORY of the well, and therefore was the more likely to do mine fo; he hath been approved prudent and valiant, and as fuch fitter to be trufted ; in fine he is fuch that I thank GOD for him, and charge you to love him as a friend/' When the people are bent on mifchief it is folly rafhly to oppofe them without fuffi- cient power and force ; neither is it difcre- tion to yield to them too much ; for reafon will never perfuade a fenfelefs multitude ; but keeping your gravity and Mate, comply with them feemingly, and rather defer the matter to another time, with a flu ranee that you will forward their own defires, by which you may gain time, as if convinced by their reafons and not the fear of any danger from them ; and by the next meeting you may have taken off fome of their leading cham- pions, and either by good words or fair promifes foftened them to your own will ; remembering that tumults are eafier allayed by daring and undaunted men, then by wi- fer ones ; for commonly the people more ef- teem the bread, then the brain, and are much fooner compelled than perfuaded. It HOUSE of STA NLEY. 2 1 7 It is fit to have chanty for all men, and think them honeft ; but as it is certain that the greater number of men are bad, I may fear that few are good ; the fure way for a right knowledge of this I took to be, by ap- pointing a meeting in the heart of the coun- try, which I did, and there wifhed every man to tell his grievances freely, and I would hear all complaints, and give them the beft remedy I could ; by which I thought thofe who had entered into any evil defigns againft me or the country, might have time to find fome excufes for themfelves, and lay the blame and charge upon others. And thus I chofe rather to give them hopes and prevent their falling into violent courfes before I could be provided for them; and indeed I feared fo many were engaged by oath and covenant, after the new way of Scotland, that it would not be eafy to make them fenfible of their error ; neverthelefs matters were not fo ripe as I could have wimed, and it was not amifs to addrefs my- felfeven to the chief aclors in the bufinefs, telling them fomebody was to blame; that I apprehended the people were milled, and 10 F f that 2i8 The HISTORY of the that it would be an acceptable fervice in thofe who could bring them off it ; and that if the common fort could be perfuaded of their mif- take, it would hinder my further enquiry into the bufmefs; upon which fome really confefied their faults, and difcovered to me the whole defign, by which I made one good {rep, by dividing the faction, remembering the old proverb, " Divide et impera;" upon this each parifli gave me a petition of their grievances, and I gave them good words, promifing to take the fame into confidera- tion ; upon which they appeared eafy, and departed. After this I appointed another meeting at Caftle Peel, where I expefted fome wrangling, and met with it ; but had provided for my own fafety, and if occafion were, to curb the reft ; for in fuch cafes it is good to be aflured, of which notice being taken you will deal with them much better ; otherwife the old faying is very true, " That he who is not fure to win, is fure to lofe." Many bufy-bodies fpoke Manx only ; which fome officioufly faid, mould be commanded to hold their peace, to which I objected, for I came prepared to give them liberty of ipeech, knowing by good experience, that thofe HOUSE of STANLEY. 219 thofe people were their mother's children, loving to fpeak much, and fhould be dealt with as fuch ; giving them liberty to put them- felves out of breath, and they will be fooner quiet, and be more content if you deny them after much fpeaking, than if you prevent it. It is good in all bufmefs where you muft appear in public, to appear in fuch a man- ner as may gain you the refpetl: and praife of the people, and fo juft that all may look upon you, I refolved to give them liberty of fpeaking in- their own way (for to reafon with them was in vain) provided they croffed not my motions, which I was careful fhould be juft and lawful. And to bring my defigns to pafs, I had fpies amongft the bufy ones, who after they had fufficiently fpoke ill of my office, began to fpeak well of me, and of my good intent to give them all fatisfaftion their grievances required; that they were affured I loved the people, and that if any were fo unreafonable as to provoke me, they would run a great hazard ; that I had power to maintain my actions, and there was no appeal. F f 2 When 220 The HISTORY of the When I took occafion above to commend the worth of the prefent governor, I did it as a rule to you in the choice of your coun- feilors; and remember this benefit by council, that all good fuccefs will be your glory, and all evil your excufe, having followed the advice of others, your counfellors are not likely to be better than yourfelf, but if they were, know this, that to afk council of one's betters tieth to performance ; otherwife to afk council is to honour him of whom it is required, and you are at liberty to do as you pleafe. While I was here I became acquainted with one Capt. Chriftian, who I obferved had abilities fufficient to do me fervice; and being recommended to me by a friend, I enquired more of him, and was told he was a Manx man born, and had made himfelf a good fortune in the Indies ; and he offered himfeif on thefe terms ; that being refolved to retire into his own country, whether he had the place of power or no, he would be content to hold the ftaff of government un- til I made choice of another, and would then willingly refign, and as for the pay, he valu- ed HOUSE of STANLEY. $21 ed that fo little, that he would do the fer- vice without any, or what pleafed me. He was an excellent companion, and as rude as a fea captain mould be, but fome- thing more refined and civilized by ferving the Duke of Buckingham about a year at court. Thus far I cannot much blame myfelf, but think if I had a jewel of value I prized it at too high a rate, which he knew very well and made ufe thereof to his own ends, a bufing me and prefuming of my fupport in all his actions, which from time to time he gilded over with fuch fair pretences, that I believed and trufted him too much. Alfo I gave too little heed to complaints againit him which was my fault, for which I have been whipped, and will do fo no more. While he governed for fome years, he pleafed me very well, and had the quality of the beft of fervants, for whatever I bid him do, he would perform, and if it fucceed- ed ill, would take it upon himfelf, but if well, would give me the glory of it. This he did while I continued my favours to him, the denial of which would have been as un- grateful 22- The HISTORY of the grateful as unwife in me, if I mould not thereby have obliged him to me as the only means to keep him good. But fuch is the nature and condition of man, that mofi have one failing or other to fully their beft actions, and his was that con- dition which is ever found with drunkennefs, viz. avarice, which is obferved to grow in men with their years. He was ever forward in making many requefts, which while they were fit for me to grant I did not deny ; but indeed a good fer- vant would rather be prevented by his Lord's generofity, than demand any thing of himfelf, and chufe to be enriched, as if enforced, rather than pretend to it, and afcribe the benefit to the honour of his of- fice, and not to merit. But I obferved the more I gave, the more he aiked, and fuch things which I could not grant without much prejudice to myfelf and others ; fo after a while I fometime refufed him, on which it was fure to fall out, ac- cording to the old obfervation, "That when a prince HOUSE of STANLEY. 223 a prince hath given all, and the favourite can well defire no more, then, both grow weary of one another." Ill fervants like fome difeafes are eafily cured when known, but are dangerous if undifcovered. Thus far having attended the noble Lord Derby to his Principality of Man, and relat- ed his tranfa6lions there, with the great con- fufion, diforder, and fedition he found the people in on his firft coming thither ; and alfo obferved his great prudence, judgment, and temper in calming their paflions, heal- ing their feditions, and reconciling them in duty to their King, in obedience to himfelf, and in friendfhip and unity with one ano- ther: let us therefore for a while leave him in peace, and the good efteem of his fub- jecls, and return to the great and noble LADY DERBY, and her children, at Latham- houfe, and enquire of their welfare during his abfence: whom he had left upon the ve- ry brink of .danger, and for ought he knew, utter deftru&ion. We have already informed the reader, that before his Lordlhip left England, he had 224 Tkc HISTORY of Vis had been advertifed that the rebels had got a commifiion from the Parliament to reduce Latham-houfe, by treaty or force, which in- duced him to make all poflible provifion of men, money and ammunition, for the fup- port and defence of his noble family and their friends, who had kindly offered their beft afliftance; of which the great LAD.Y DERBY being informed, and alfo of -the ma- licious defigns and evil intentions of the ene- my againft her, ufed all diligence to get in- to the houfe more men, arms and provifi- ons and to keep it at lead fo long as to pro- cure honourable terms to quit it ; but this was done by her with all poflible fpeed, pri- vacy and caution, that the enemy might not alledge her gathering of forces as an act of public hoftility, and therefore haften their approach, before her levies were got in readinefs. A true [ 225 ] A true and genuine ACCOUNT of the famous and ever memorable SIEGE O F LATHAM-HOUSE, In the County of Lancajler. BEGUN THE Twenty -eighth of February, 1644; and car- ried on by the Parliament army, under the command of Sir Thomas Fairfax, General; afliited by the Colonels Egerton, Rigby, Afh- ton, Holcroft, and Major Morgan, Engineer, to the twenty -feventh of May, 1644 ; when Colonel Rigby, then commander in chief, thought fit to withdraw the forces, and march to Bolton: during which time the houfe was defended by the renowned and mod noble LADY CHARLOTTE, Countefs of Derby, governefs, by the afliftance of Major Farmer, and the Captains Farringlon, Char- noch, Chifenhall, Rofthern, Ogle and Moli- neux Radcliffe ; by whofe valour and good conduct, the made fo brave and noble a de- fence, as to occafion the raifing of the Ccge. 10 Gg -COLONEL 226 The HISTORY of the "pOLONELAftnon of Middleton, Colonel Egerton of Shaw, Colonel Holcroft of Holcroft, and Colonel Rigby, with their re- giments, and Sir Thomas Fairfax from York- fhire, .with his troops, was called to their af- fiflance, to befiege or take by florm (for ought they knew) an unarmed Lady in her Own houfe : but that which the heroic Lady moft feared was, that they intended a fudden aflault, from the multitude of their forces then in view ; and that her own men being but raw and unexperienced, would be there- by terrified, and not make a worthy refill- ance. " She therefore caufed her men to be lifted under fix captains, whom, for their courage and integrity, (he chofe out of the gentlemen that were in the houfe to her adiftance, viz. Captain Farrington of Werden, Captain Charnock of Charnock, Captain Chifenhall of Chifenhall, Captain Rofthern of New- hall, Captain Ogle of Prefcot, and Captain Molineux Radcliffe. Thefe (he defired to train, inftrucl, and encourage her men, be- ing yet unlkilful and unfit for fervice. The! HOUSE of STANLEY. 227 " Thefe Captains received all their orders from Captain Farmer, whom her ladymip had made Major of the Houfe ; and he re- ceived his orders from her Ladyfhip. He was by nation a Scotchman, very fkilful in the art of war, having been long in the School of Mars in the Low Countries : a man of true courage and approved conduct. This worthy gentleman had the misfortune to be afterwards (lain in the battle of Mar- fton-moor, ferving there under Colonel Chi- fenhall. " This martial and heroic Lady command- ed all the affairs of the houfe to be managed with the greaterl privacy, and permitted none to go out of the gates, but thofe flie could trufl and rely upon, both for prudence and loyalty ; the reft were fo concealed, that when the enemy drew near to Latham- houfe, they dreamed of no other re fiftance but from her own fervants. " In the interim the officers of the enemy being advanced to Ormfkirk, two miles from Latham, Sir Thomas Fairfax, as commander in chief, fent on the twenty-eighth of Feb- G g 2 ruary, 228 The HISTORY of the ruary, 1644, a trumpet and a gentleman of quality with him, to defire a friendly confor- ence with the LADY DERBY, to prevent, if it might be, all the mifchief that would enfue by a mifunderftanding and breach be- twixt her Lad> (hip and him. To this her Ladyfhip confented. " Whereupon Sir Thomas Fairfax, and fome gentlemen with him, immediately came from Ormikirk to Latham, and were admit- ted to her Ladyfhip ; but in the mean time by the advice of Major Farmer, to prevent a furprize, or fudden affault, her Ladyfhip caufed all her foldiers to be placed in very good order, under their refpe6tive officers, from the main guard in the firft court, down to the great hall, where her Ladyfhip had ordered Sir Thomas Fairfax, to be receiv- ed ; and had placed all the reft of their men in open fight, upon the walls, and the tops of the towers, in fuch manner, that they might appear to be, both numerous, and well difciplined ; in hopes that this unex- pecled appearance of fo much flrength with- in, might give fome terror to the enemy without; as (he feared their great number without, I HOUSE of STANLEY. 229 without, might .difcourage her new raited foldiers within. " Sir Thomas Fairfax and the gentlemen with him being arrived at the houfe, were admitted, and received by her Ladyfhip with the greatefl civility, when after a fhort ref- pite, Sir Thomas acquainted her Ladyfhip, that they were commanded by the Parlia- ment to reduce that houfe to their obedi- ence, and that they were commifiioned to offer to her Ladyfhip an honourable and fafe remove with her children, fervants, and all her goods (arms and cannon only excepted) to her Lord's houfe at Knowfley; and that me mould enjoy one moiety of her Lord's eftate in all places of England, for the fupport of herfelf and children. " To this her Ladyfhip anfwered, that fhe was there left under a double truft, one of Loyalty and Faith to her Hufband, the other of Allegiance and Duty to her Sovereign ; that till fhe had obtained their confent, fhe could not give up that houfe without mani- feft dlfloyalty and breach of truft to them both ; therefore only defired one month's time 2 3 o The HISTORY of the time to know their good pleafure ; and if (he obtained their conient, (he would quietly yield it up ; if not, (he hoped they would excufe her, if (he endeavoured to preferve her honour and obedience, though in her own ruin. To this Sir Thomas Fairfax* replied, that it exceeded their commiffion to give to her Ladyfhip any further refpite for confederation than that one day, and fo departed, obferv- ing in his recefs from the houfe, the fituation and ilrength of it, and the order and regular difpofal of the foldiers, perhaps either con- ceiving the number to be greater than they really were, or fufpecling the refolution and courage of the common foldiers of his own party, or being a perfon of greater honour and generofity than his confederates, judged it ignoble and unmanly to aflault a lady of her high birth and quality in her own houfe, without any other provocation than keeping her Lord's houfe by his command; a lady that had left her country a^d kindred for the enjoyment of the Proteftant Religion. And HOUSE of STA NLEY. 23 1 '" And agreeable thereto, at the firft council of war after their return from the faid confe- rence, he declared himfelf againft a prefent dorm, (urged by fome) and advifed a regu- lar fiege, which advice was greatly advanced by a circumftance that occurred during the time of the treaty with the Lady ; a captain of the Parliament party then before the houfe, obferving one of her Ladyihip's * Chaplains whom the Earl had left with her as a perfon well able to affift her with his council, and would be faithful to her in all her concerns ; who had received their edu- cation together, and were not only well ac- quainted, but intimate and familiar with each other. At the clofe of the before-men- tioned parly with the Lady, the Captain getting an opportunity of free difcourfe with the faid Chaplain, attempted by direction from the commander of that party, to gairi from him the fecrets of that council, by which the Lady had refolved to keep the houfe, and conjured him by virtue of their ancient fiiendfh!, to tell him truly upon what confidence me proceeded to rejecl the offers made her by the Parliament, and think * The Rev. Mr. Rutter, afterwards Bifhop. 2 3 2 The HISTORY of the think to defend her houfe againft fo great a ftrength as was then before it encamped in the park. " To this the Chaplain deriving on the fame defign with his Lady, to avert a fud- den affault, anfwered, that upon a firm pro- mife of fecrecyj . he would aquaint the Cap- tain with the truth and myflery of that coun- cil, viz. " That the Lady had but little pro- vifion-of victuals in the houfe ; that fne.was opprefled with the number of her foldiers ; that (he would not be able to' fubfift above fourteen days for want of bread to iupply them; that me, hoped they would give a fud- den onfet to the houfe, not from the mul- titude and courage of her foldiers to give them a repulfe, nor upon her own flrength to difcourage the enemy to raife a fiege, me rnufl inevitably be forced to furrender the place. ' " The Captain, as the Chaplain imagined he would, as foon as he came to the coun- cil, imparted the conference with the Chap- lain, as the grand fecret of the Lady and her Captains; to which Sir Thomas Fairfax, and the HOUSE of STANLEY. 233 the Colonels with him giving credit, kid a- fide all thoughts of a fudden force, and re- folved on a clofe and formal liege. " Fourteen days being expired, Sir Tho- mas fent a fummons by a trumpet to the Lady to furrender the houfe immediately, fup- pofmg upon the infallible advice of the chap- lain that her provifions were then all fpent; but by this time her foldiers were well har- dened, the walls well lined, the cannon well fitted, and the Lady refolved to make a brave defence, and fet the enemy at defiance. " And therefore, by the trumpet was re- turned, the following anfwer, " That as (he had not loft her regard for the Church of England, nor her Allegiance to her Prince, nor her Faith to her Lord, (he could not therefore as yet give up that houfe ; that they muft never hope to gain it, till (he had ei- ther loft all thefe, or her life in defence of them." " Whereupon, Sir Thomas Fairfax feeing tire Lady's refolution for a vigorous refiftance, and that the chaplain had only abufed the 10 H h credulity HISTORY of the credulity of the confident captain, left Cb^ lonel Egerton commander in chief, and with him Major Morgan, as engineer, to manage the fiege ; himfelf with his own troops being commanded by the Parliament to other fer- vice. *" Latham-houfe ftands upon a flat, upon a moorifh, fpringy, and fpumous ground, was encompafled with a ftrong wall of two yards thick ; upon the walls were nine tow- ers, flanking each other, and in every tower were fix pieces of ordnance, that played three one way, and three the other. With- out the wall was a mote eight yards wide, and two yards deep ; upon the back of the mote between the wall and the graff was a ftrong row of palifadoes around ; befides all thefe there was a high ftrong tower^ called the Eagle Tower, in the midft of the houfe, furmounting all the reft ; and the gate-houfe was alfo two high and ftrong buildings, with a ftrong tower on each fide of it ; and in the entrance to the firft court upon the tops of thefe towers were placed the beft and choi- ceft markfmen, who ufually attended the Earl in his hunting and other fports, as huntf- men, HOUSE of STANLEY. 235 men, keepers, fowlers, and the like; who continually kept watch with fcrued guns and ; long fowling pieces upon thofe towers, to the great annoyance and lofs of the enemy* efpecially of their commanders, who were frequently killed in their trenches, or as they came or went to or from them. Befides all that is hitherto faid of the walls, towers, mote, &c. there is fomething fo particular and romantic in the general fituation of this houfe, as if Nature herfelf had formed it for a ftrong hold or place of fecurity ; for before the houfe, to the fouth or fouth-weft, is a rifmg ground fo near it, as to overlook the top of it, from which it falls fo quick, that nothing planted againfl it on thofe fides, can touch it further than the front wall ; and on the north and eafl fides, there is another rifing ground, even to the edge of the mote, and then falls away fo quick, that you can fcarce at the diftance of a carbine (hot, fee the houfe over that height, fo that all batteries placed there, are fo far below it, as to be of little fervice when engaged againft it (of which more hereafter) only let us obierve for the prefent, that the uncommon fituation of it may be compared to the palm of a man's H h 2 hand. 236 The HISTORY of the hand, flat in the middle, and covered with a rifing round about it, and io near to it, that the enemy in a two year's liege, were never able to raife a battery againft it fo as to make a breach in the wall practicable to enter the houfe by way of dorm. Now let us fee how the enemy proceeded in their attack upon it, after the departure of Sir Thomas Fairfax. " Colonel Egerton pufhed on by the inve- terate malice and fpite of Colonel Rigby, gave orders for drawing a line of circumval- lation round about the houfe; which being obferved by the Lady and her Officers, they refolved to give them fome difturbance in their firfl approaches, and in a council a- greed to make a fally upon them with two hundred men, under the command of Major Farmer, which was carried on with fo much bravery and refolution, that they beat the enemy from all their trenches, and purfued them to their main guard, and e"ven as far as prudence and good conduct would permit, without hazard of being intercepted in their retreat by the enemies horfe. '-' This HOUSE of STANLEY. 237 " This fally was made on the twelfth of March, 1644-, wherein were killed, about fixty of the enem^, and near as many more made prifonera/with the lofs only of two men. After this fmart attack by the befieged, the enemy doubled all their guards, and drew new lines about the houfe at a greater dif- tance (as one effect of the fituation above defcribed) called in all the country, and made the poor men work in the trenches ; where great numbers of them were flam by the fre- quent fallies from the houfe. " In about five weeks they finifhed their new line, and then ran a deep trench near to the mote, and there raifed a very ftrong battery ; whereon they placed a large mortar piece (fent them from London) from which they caft about fifty (tones of fifteen inches diame- ter into the houfe ; alfo grenadoes (otherwife bomb-fhells) of the fame fize ; the firft of which falling near the place where the Lady and her children, with all the commanders, were fat at dinner, fliivered all the room, but hurt nobody. The The HISTORY of the " The Lady and her Commanders obfervmg the foldiers to be fomewhat terrified with the frequent {hooting of thofe unufual and de- ftruclive fire-balls, refolved at a council of war, to make a ftrong fally, and attempt the taking of that mortar-piece. " Befides which, the enemy had twenty-nine {hort cannon, and five longer for grenadoes ; with feveral others, from which they fired upon the houfe many days, particularly on. the twelfth of April, when a cannon-ball came through the Lady's chamber window, but did little damage. Upon this the fally above refolved upon, was put into execution. The van was commanded by that brave and, loyal gentleman, Captain Molineux Radcliffe; the main body by Captain Chifenhall ; and the referve by Major Farmer. In this or- der they aflaulted the enemy's trenches with fo much bravery, that after half an hour's {harp difpute, they made themfelves mafters of all their works, nailed up and overturned all their cannon, and thofe that they found upon carriages, they rolled into the mote, and brought the mortar piece into the houfe, and continued mafters of the enemy's works and HOUSE of STANLEY. 239 and trenches all that day ; and with the ut- hioft pains and diligence, endeavoured to deftroy and render ufelefs, every one of them. " During all this {harp and bloody fight, the heroic and moft undaunted Lady Governefs, was without the gates, and fometimes near the trenches, encouraging her brave foldiers with her prefence; and as fhe conftantly be* gan all her undertakings with prayers in her chapel, fo (he clofed them with thankfgiving; and truly it was hard to fay, whether (he was more eminent for courage, prudence or fteady refolution, or juflice, piety and religion : and I think we may juflly infer, that the good Providence of Almighty GOD, watchfully protected her from the evil defigns and wick- ed machinations of her incenfed and invete- rate enemies ; who, as the prifoners informed us had, about the time of our fuccefsful fally, projected to fcale the walls on every fide of the houfe with their whole army at one time, and to deftroy the COUNTESS of DERBY, and all that belonged to her. * f The enemy having rallied their foldiers, repofleffed themfelves the night following of their 2 4 o The HISTORY of ike their trenches ; and for five or fix days wrought with all their force to repair the | breaches that had been made ; in which, not- withftanding, they were three times diflodged and fcattered, by vigorous fallies from the houfei _ " Colonel Rigby, in the mean time, taking occafion from the late defeat, accufed Colonel Egerton of neglect and indolence in carrying on the fiege, and got commiflion from the Parliament to be commander in chief; and to give him his due, though a rebel, was nei- ther wanting in care or diligence to diftrefs the houfe. He denied a pafs to three fick gentlemen to go out of the houfe, and would not fuffer a midwife to go into the houfe to a gentlewoman in travail ; nor a little milk for 'the fupport of young infants, but was every way fevere and rude, beyond the barbarity of a Turkifh general. For a fortnight toge- ther he was permitted to carry on his works , without much difturbance, the houfe being in want of powder to make frequent fallies. " But that defect being fupplied, which they got in by a fally, the Lady propofed to the HOUSE of STANLEY. 241 the council of war, to make a frefli aflault upon all their trenches ; which being agreed upon, Captain Edward Rofthern led the van, Captain Farmer the main body, and Captain Chifenhall the referve; who (hewed their ufual courage and refolution ; beat the ene- my from all their works, cleared the trenches, and nailed up all their cannon ; in which fervice they flew one hundred and twenty of the enemy, with the lofs only of three fol- diers, and five or fix wounded. " The enemy having lain four months be- fore the houfe (in which time, by the con- feffion of prifoners taken in the feveral fal- lies, they had loft above two thoufand men) Colonel Rigby fent the Lady a fummons of another nature than thofe formerly fent by Sir Thomas Fairfax, or Colonel Egerton. " That he required and expefted the Lady would forthwith deliver up the houfe to the fervice of the parliament; that there was no hopes of any relief from the King's forces, which were then in a low and defperate con- dition, and that if fhe refufed to deliver it up, upon that fummons, fhe muft hereafter expf^ the utmoft feverity of war/' i> I i " Her 2i2 The HISTORY of the " Her Ladyfhip having communicated this fummons to the council of war, did, with their unanimous confent, return by the trum- pet who brought it the following anfwer (for file refufed to give any anfwer in writing) ei Trumpet, faid (he, tell that infolent rebel Rigby, that if he prefumes to fend any other fummons to this place, I will hang up the meffeng'er at the gates." " The EARL of DERBY being at that time in the lile of Man, and alarmed with the dif- trefs of his Lady and children, well knowing her great and noble mind, that (he would rather chufe to peri (h then give up herfelf and them to Rigby 's mercy and difpofal, haftened from that ifland with all poflible quioknefs, and with the utmoft fpeed, im- plored his Majefty's favour for the relief of his Lady and diftrefled Children. His High- nefs, Prince Rupert, having at that time happily obtained a victory over the rebels at Newark, his Majctty gave orders that he fhould inarch through Lancamire to the re- lief of York, then befieged by the enemy* and to quicken his Kighnefs in his march, t!a$ EARL of DERBY gave his foldiers a lar* gefs, HOUSE of STANLEY. 243 gefs, or carefs, of three thoufand pounds ; which he had raifed upon his Lady's jewels, conveyed to him out oi Latham-houfe by a fally. " His Highnefs, the Prince, entered Lan- cafhire at Stockport-bridge, where he defeat- ed a party of the enemy, commanded by Colonel Duckenfield, and fome fent from Manchefler to guard that pafs. Rigby now hearing that the Prince had entered the coun- try, and fearing a vifit from him, thought proper on the twenty^feventh of May, 1644, to raife the fiege of Latham-houfe, and march with all his flrength, being about two thou- fand men, to Boiton, a garrifon of the ene- my ; which with the forces he found there, and fome accefs from other places, made up an army of three thoufand ; two thoufand five hundred foot, and five hundred horfe : with thefe he refolved to give defiance to the Prince ; having there the advantage of high and ftrong mud walls, with which, and a large ditch under them, the enemy had rnany months before environed that town/' I i 2 The 244 The SIEGE and TAKING of BOLTON, In the County of Lancajler. On the Twenty - eighth of MAY, 1644, by his Highnefs, PRINCE RUPERT, General and chief Commander of the Army of his Uncle, KING CHARLES I.' Prince being advertifed that the liege of Latham-houfe was raifed, and that Rig- by the late befieger with his army was forti- fied in Bolton, refolved to do all that lay in his power to avenge the affronts and abufes put upon, and fuffered by the brave and moft noble LADY DERBY; to whom he knew him- felf nearly allied by canfanguinity of blood ; therefore leaving their garrifon of Manchefter, he haflened to Bolton, which being but of a fmale circuit, and defended with three thou- fand men, his Highnefs rightly judged, would make a vigorous refiftance; however having called a council of war, ordered his poll, and prepared for a florm, he gave directions for the affault, which was performed with much gallantry and refolution by 'his men ; but be- HOUSE of STANLEY. 245 ng greatly annoyed from the walls by the nemies cannon, and the multitude of the efendants, were obliged to retreat, and uit the aflault, with the lofs of two hundred (men. i " His Highnefs being greatly irritated and filed by this repulfe, but efpecially by the arbarous cruelty of the enemy, who mur- ered his foldiers taken in the ftorm in cold blood, upon the walls before his eyes ; with \vhich he was highly provoked, and called a fecond council of war, wherein he propofed a fecond onfet; the EARL of DERBY confi- dering how much he was concerned for his Lady and Children, who, unlefs the town was taken, would upon the Prince's depar- ture, be again immediately befieged, requeft- ed his Highnefs to allow him two companies of his old foldiers, then under the command of Colonel Tyldefley, and to give him the honour to command the van, faying, he would either enter the town, or leave his bo- dy in the ditch. His Highnefs appeared un- willing to hazard a perfon of his worth in fo defperate an a&ion, yet upon his importunity complied with his requeft : and things being prepared The HISTORY of Uu prepared and ready, the Prince gave orders for an aflault on all parts of the town where it was poffible to make any approaches. " The EARL of DERBY with his two hun- dred men marched direclly to the walls, and after a quarter of an hour's hot difpute, en- tered the nrft man himfelf, who being bravely feconded with frefh fupplies, the town was in- ftantly attacked on every quarter; Rigby him- felf got away, but left two thoufand of his men behind him, moft of whom were (lain upon the place, the Prince forbidding to give quarter to any perfon then in arms, becaufe they had fo inhumanly murdered his men in cold blood. " This aclion was performed on the twen- ty-eighth of May, 1 644; and the fudden, and furprifing conquefl of this town (juft after fo fmart a repulfe) was chiefly attribu- ted to the courage and refolution of the brave EARL of DERBY, animated by a juft concern for the fufferings of his noble Lady and Children ; and to the bravery of the two hundred Lancashire men he had the honour to command on that occafion, who all fought HOUSE of STANLEY. 247 Fought with equal ardour for the relief of their noble Lady Millrefs, being all tenants and neighbours fons raifed, clothed, armed and trained by that valiant Earl, but unge- neroufly and difgracefully taken from him by the King at Worcefier; whofe v, r eak and eafy temper proved afterwards the ruin of himfelf and his brave fubject, the EARL of DERBY; who once in all appearance had intereft and power fufficient, if a right ufe had been made thereof, to have delivered his Majefty from ,the power and malice of all his enemies. " The Prince having obtained this feafon- able victory over the rebels in Bolton, itnt all the colours taken there, by Sir Rich- ard Lane, to the LADY DERBY, which her Ladyfhip received as a fmgular honour as well as comfort, and caufecl them to be hung up in Latham-houfe, as a happy remembrance of GOD'S mercy and goodnefs to her and her family. " From this place, after fome days reft, his Highnefs was prevailed upon to march to Li- verpool, to reduce that town, where the ene- my 248 The HISTORY of the my had a ftrong garrifon, under the command of Colonel Moor, a worthy member of that rebellious junto, who fat at Weftminfler, and took upon them to order and direft all the public affairs and government of the kingdom. PARTI- [ 249 ] PARTICULARS Of the SIEGE and T A K I N G of LIVERPOOL, On or about the Twenty -fixth 0/JuxE, 1644, BY THE SAME PRINCE. With a Defcription and Situation of the Town. " T TPON the Prince's arrival near Liver- ^ pool, he was informed that it was well fortified with a ftrong and high mud wall, and a ditch of twelve yards wide, and near three yards deep, inclofing the town from the eaft-end of the ftreet called Dale- ftreet, and fo northward to the river ; and from Dale-ftreet end eaft, and fouth-eaft, being a low marfhy ground, was covered with water from the river, and batteries erefted within to cover and guard againtl: all pafiage over or through that water. All the ftreet ends to the river were (hut up, and thofe to the land inclofed with ftrong gates, defended by cannon. All ufelefs women and children were fent to their friends in the country, on both fides the river. There was alfo a ftrong caftle on the fouth, furrounded 11 K k v.'ith 250 The HISTORY of the with a ditch of twelve yards wide, and ten yards deep, from which to the river was a covered way, through which the ditch was filled with water, and by which when the tide was out, they - brought in men, provifi- ons and ftores of war, as occafion required. " In and upon this caftle were planted ma- ny cannon, as well to annoy the befiegers at a diftance, as to cover the mips in the har- bour; which was then where the dock is now, and at the entrance whereof was a fort of eight guns to guard that, and to prevent all paifages by the river fide at low water. Be- lides all thefe advantages of defence, there was one molt unhappy circumflance to many diftreffed families, but very lucky to the be- fieged ; for in thofe diftracled, confufed and rebellious times, great numbers of the Eng- liih Proteftants had been mafiacred in Ire- land, and thofe who efcaped with life, oblig- ed to fly to England for refuge and fafety, bringing with them all the effects they pofii- ly could for fupport ; amongft which was great quantities of wool, with which the be- fieged covered the tops of their mud wails which faved them greatly from the fmall mot of ' HOUSE of STANLEY. 25 1 of the befiegers. The garrifon within was nu- merous, and ftored with ajms and ammunition of all kinds, and in this (late thought them- felves able to give the Prince a hearty wel- come on his vifitation. " Liverpool is fituated upon a ridge of land, on the eaft fide of the river Merfey, runing from the north fide of the town for about a mile to the fouth fide thereof, where it falls to a flat; but in its form, for the mod part, declines on the weft fide to the river, and on the eaft fide to the country. " The town was at that time but fmall, ei- ther in appearance or reality to what it is now; however the fortifications of it then included moft of all the town, as it is at pre- fent : the river is about a mile broad, from bank to bank, and of depth fufficient for re- ception of the largeft mips up to the town : the country near it is high land, which ren- ders it unfit to fuftain a long fiege. " This made the Prince upon his near ap- proach and view of the town, being unac- quainted with its fituation (one fide declining K k 2 to 252 The HISTORY of the to the country, and the other to the river, as before-mentioned, fo that he could fee but little of it) to compare it to a crow's neft; but ere he became matter of it he faid it might have been an Eagle's neft or a den of Lions. " He fixed his main camp round the bea- con, a large mile from the town, and his of- ficers in the villages near it ; from whence he brought a detachment every day to open the trenches and creel batteries : the latter were moftly placed upon the ridge of ground run- ning from the north of Townfend-mill, to the prefent copper works and mills, and the trenches in the lower grounds under them. He relieved his trenches and batteries from his camp, twice every twenty-four hours, and from them he battered the town, and attacked the beiieged and their works very frequently by way of ftorm, but was always repulfed with great (laughter of his foldiers for the fpace of a month, or thereabouts ; when fomc obferved, that the befieged on the north fide deferted their works and guard of them ; but others fay, that Colonel Moor obferving that they muft be taken, to ingratiate himfeif with the Prince, to fave his houfe and effects at HOUSE of STANLEY. 253 . at Bank-hall, near it, gave directions to the foldiers to retreat from thofe works ; but be that as it may, deferted they were on the north fide, and the Prince's army entered the town on that fide about three in the morning, and put all to the fword they met with, from their entrance to the High Crofs, which flood where the Exchange now ftands, where they met with a regiment of fokiiers from the caflle, drawn up in battle array, who beat a parley and demanded quarter; which on treaty they were allowed, but without any other articles than prifoners of war, and fur- render of the caftle, with their perfons and arms ; upon which they were all fent to the Tower, St. Nichols's Church, &c. the Prince taking pofleflion of the caftle himfelf." His Highnefs having reduced Liverpool, was intreated by Lord Derby to take Latham- houfe in his inarch to York, and there refrefh himfelf and his men for a few days, which he was pleafed to comply with ; and on his coming to Latham, found that houfe moft flrangely mattered by the enemies cannon and mortar pieces. However he was, with all his chief commanders, treated agreeably to 254 The HISTORY of the to the greatnefs of his perfon and merit, and with all the exprefiions of thankfulnefs by the EARL of DERBY and his moil renowned : Lady. for his feafonable relief of them and their family. The Prince having viewed, and well con- iidered the commodious fituation of Latham- houfe, and the ftrength of the towers, with their regular pofition for the defence, of one another, the walls, &c. gave directions for adding to them baftions, counterfcarps, &c. and all other out-works neceflary for the better defence thereof upon another fiege when it mould happen ; and then, at the re- queft of the LADY DERBY, gave the govern- ment and keeping of the houfe, to the care and conducl of Captain Edward Rofthern, whom the Prince made Colonel of a regi- ment of foot, and gave him two troops of horfe for its defence. Captain Chifenhall, another of thofe brave commanders who had well deferved honour, not only in the fiege of that houfe, but on other remarkable occafions, was alfo by the Prince made Colonel of a regiment of foot^ and marched with his Highnefs to York. The HOUSE of STANLEY. 255 The Prince having now recruited his army with men, arms and ammunition, and all other neceflaries for his march, defired the EARL of DERBY to return to his charge of the Ifle of Man ; as being probably better acquainted with thofe undeferved jealoufies and fufpicions ftill fubfifting againft him, than the Prince himfelf was ; and of the ap- prehenfions fome great ones about the King had of a mifapplication of too much power entrufted to him who had fo near an alliance to the crown ; therefore urged the Earl to a compliance with his requeft, and to take his Lady and Children with him, not knowing yet what might be the ifTue or fuccefs of the war in England ; adding, that the children of fuch a father and mother might, in their generation, become as ufeful and ferviceable to their Prince, as their parents had been. Some time after this, the battle of Marflon- moor being loft by the Prince, it was not long before the enemy, as expected, fat down again before Latham-houfe ; which, though ftrengthened with fuch out-works as the Prince had directed, was much weakened within, by the confumption of their provi- iions However, the new governor, Colonel Rofthern, was neither wanting in care or diligence, nor in any other good offices for the fupply of the garrifon with provifions and all other neceflaries for fuftaining a fiege; and it was a great advantage to him, that the EARL of DERBY, on his return to the Ifle of Man, had left with him in the houfe, the Chaplain, whofe fidelity and great capacity his Lady had long and fully experienced; and alfo another gentleman of good under- ftanding and integrity, to attend all the affairs in England ; both to be afliftants to him the Governor, by their counfel and fervices, and to raife what money they poflibly could out of his eftate, for the conftant pay of the fol- diers. Thefe two gentlemen made the beft ufe of the opportunity they had whilfl the houfe was open, and raifed a very confidera- ble fum of money, by which they furniflied the garrifon with provifions, ammunition, and all other neceflaries. This HOUSE of STANLEY. 257 This being done, the Governor difpofed the foldiers to their refpeclive officers : commanders of horfe were Major Munday and Captain Kay ; and thofe of foot were Captain Charnock, Captain Farrington, Cap- tain Molineux Radcliffe, Captain Henry Noel, Captain Worral and Captain Roby. By this time (July, 1645) tne enem y were again advanced, with four thoufand men, to their head quarters at Ormlkirk, under their old General Egerton ; for Rigby, upon the lofs of his men at Bolton, was laid afide ; and upon the Governor's (now Colonel Roftern) information of their advance and ftrength, he ordered out a ftrong party of horfe and foot; the firfl was commanded by Major Munday, the foot by Captain Molineux Rad- cliffe, and the rear was brought up by the Governor himfelf. In this order they at- tacked the enemies camp and quarters with fo much courage, refolution and bravery, that they took all the guards of the enemy both horfe and foot, routed their whole body, (of whom they killed and took many) the General himfelf with difficulty efcaping, by flying away in his fliirt and flippers. 11 LI But This gallant attempt and fuccefs fo ama- zed the enemy, and encouraged the troops of Latham, that for three weeks (in which time the enemy were largely recruited) they continued mailers of the field, and after bra- ved the enemy even- day in their head quar- ters for twelve months together; and not- withftanding their great numbers and utmofl endeavours, they were nev-er able to advance nearer than Ormikirk : where they were in a manner as much befieged, as the others were in the houfe. But the ammunition of the garrifon being now almoil fpent, and they out of hopes of recruit- HOUSE of STANLEY. 259 recruiting their (lore from Manchefter, &c. as formerly, and their intelligence with fome friends there being difcovered. they were obliged to fufpend all aftion abroad, and fuf- fer the enemy to make nearer approaches, and confine them clofer within their own bounds. Major Morgan, being the enemies engi- neer, drew a line a flight-mot from the houfe, not intending either to batter or florm it, but only to hinder them from going abroad, and to ftraiten and prevent them from get- ting in provifions, or any other fupplies. The trench of his line was three yards wide and two yards deep ; and upon the rampire of the ditch he raifed eight ftrong forts, wherein their foldiers might lie with fome fecurity, and be able to relieve one another upon fallies from the houfe. Upon the north-fide of the houfe, which was the loweft ground, he run a deep trench near the very mote, hoping thereby to lay it dry, and then to undermine the houfe; but there being within it fome fkilful colliers, who had as much experience in mining and drawing of water as he was mailer of, and they being employed by the governor to op- L 1 2 pofe 260 The HISTORY of the pofe him, always wrought counter to him; and keeping full chambers of water above, they at pleafure opened them and drowned both his works and men, to their entire dif- appointment and confufion. And thus, by the diligence, (kill and cou- rage of the befieged, was this houfe full two years inoft gallantly, and bravely defended, againft all the contrivance and force of the enemy; wherein by their own confeflion they loft at lead fix thoufand men, and the garri- fon about four hundred. The King himfelf was at this time upon his march for the relief of his brave and loy- al {uje&s in Latham-houfe, and with intent to have transferred the war to Lancafhire, but was unhappily defeated at Rowton-heath, near Chefter ; upon which misfortune he gave orders to the Earl's Chaplain before- mentioned (whom he had fent for to give him a {late of the houfe and country about it) to advertife the governor, that it was his Majefty's pleafure he mould accept a treaty with the enemy, and endeavour to procure from them as good terms as they could poffi- bly HOUSE of STANLEY. 261 bly obtain, fmce it was not in his power to relieve them. Small comfort from the father of three kingdoms, to tell his children he was not able to fuccour them in their diftrefs ; which gives us a fatal inflance of divifion in council, and the want of refolution and fteady adherence to our bed friends, which appears through the courfe of this hiftory, with many others, to have been the true cafe of the un- happy Prince here fpoken of; who feems to have fallen under the obfervation of a learn- ed poet, That, The fortunate have whole years, . And thofe they choofe ; But the unfortunate have only days, And thofe they lofe. However, his Majefty's com million, by the Chaplain, being got into the houfe, the Go- vernor, like a wife and prudent commander, refolved to accept the firft opportunity of a treaty which the enemy might offer ; which being induced thereto either by their long fufferings in that memorable fiege, or being ignorant of the true date of the place, which for ought they knew, might be furnifhed with all 262 The HISTORY of tht all neceffaries for many months refiflance; and they defpairing of fuccefs, requefted that commiffioners might be appointed on both fides, to treat of a furrender. Whereupon, commiffioners were appoint- ed, and a place of meeting agreed upon, wherein thofe on the part of the befiegers offered, That if the governor, and officers with him, would furrender the houfe and all the cannon, they mould be permitted to march away with bag and baggage, drums beating and colours flying; that the LADY DERBY and her Children, fhould enjoy the third part of the Earl's eftate, for their fup- port and maintenance ; and that all his goods fhould be fafely conveyed to his other houfe at Knowfley, and there fecured, for his Lord- fhip and family's ufe ; that all gentlemen in the houfe mould compound, at one year's value for their eftates; and that every Cler- gyman in the houfe, fhould enjoy half the revenue of his living, and fhould live quietly, without any oath being impofed upon them. Thefe terms were judged reafonable, by two of the Commiftioners appointed by the garrifon, HOUSE of STANLEY. 263 garrifon, but the third would by no means confent, un-lefs they might take away the cannon alfo; whofe indifcretion and obftinate perverfe humour, broke off the treaty, to the ruin of the befieged ; for that very night, after the return of the Commiflioners, an Irifh foldier in the garrifon went down by the wall, and fwimming over the mote, got to the enemies camp, and immediately informed the commanding officers there, that the re- jection of their propofals, and the breaking of the treaty, were highly diipleafing to the garrifon ; that there was not bread enough in the houfe for two days, nor any other pro- vifions or {lores to hold out the fiege any longer. Upon this information, the enemy next morning fummoned the garrifon to an imme- diate furrender of the houfe and themfelves prifoners, upon the bare terms of mercy, which the foldiers, being all in confuGon, refolved to accept of, notwithftanding all the intreaties by the governor to the contrary, who gallantly and bravely propofed to them, to join him, and fight their way through the enemy, fword in hand, and either by that means 264 The HISTORY of the means to fave themfelves with honour and reputation, or bravely die in the attempt. But the worthy and valiant Governor, not being heard by them, the houfe was yielded up to a mercilefs enemy, and all the rich goods therein, became a booty to them. The rich (ilk hangings of the beds, &c. were torn to pieces, and made fames of; the towers and all the ftrong works razed to the ground and demolifhed, and all the buildings within it, leaving only ftanding two or three little timber buildings; as a monument of their fury and malice. And thus was ruined and brought to de- finition (partly by the obftinacy and indif- cretion of one man, and the treachery of a- nother) even to a cottage or heap of rubbifh, the ancient, noble, and almoft invincible Houfe of Latham, whofe Antiquity, famous Siege, and moft heroic and gallant Defence, can never be forgot whilft Hiftory remains in the world. No more ought to be buried in oblivion, the heroic and molt gallant behaviour of thofe brave and martial fpirits, who were inftru- mental and amfting in the ever memorable defence HOUSE of STANLEY. 265 defence of that place: and although none of them (except Captain Farmer, Major Mun- day, and Captain Kay) were bred in a mili- tary way (unlefs as a county militia) yet I think it may with modefty and juftice be afferted, that no officers of any degree bred in the School of Mars, or elfewhere, ever (hewed more conduct, courage and magnani- mity, than thofe brave and worthy gentlemen (to their honour and e;erlafting fame let it be recorded) who defended Latham-houfe againft the powerful attacks of a formidable enemy, affifted by a far fuperior force, and in an open country for fupply. The Prince having before this time re- frefhed and recruited his army (by the aflift- ance of Lord Derby) with men, arms and ammunition proper for his march to York, urged that brave Lord to return to his charge in the Ifle of Man, to which his Lordfhip complied. Having given the reader the particulars of the memorable fiege and furrender of La- tham-houfe, difpatched his Highnefs Prince Rupert to the relief of York, and fent the 12 M m EARL 2 66 The HISTORY of the EARL of DERBY and his worthy family as exiles to the Hie of Man, I cannot omit a few thoughts and animadverfions upon thefe fubjecls. As to the Prince's advice and intention to the Earl and his family, I look upon it as meant with fmcerity and without deceit ; but the reafons offered to induce it, I efleem no lefs than mere chimera and court cant, cal- culated with no qther view or intent, than to afperfe, degrade and vilify that noble Lord, and to fix upon and fligmatize him with in- famy and difgrace, as a perfon carrying on private defigns and views for his own intereft, feparate from thofe of his royal mafter. In this light I have infpe6led and confider- ed the actions and conduct of his whole life, as well before as fince the commencement of the unhappy war then fubfifling ; and I cannot difcover in the courfe of it, the leaft inclination or tendency in any of his actions, to aggrandize himfelf or family at the ex- pence of his Prince's honour, intereft or fafe- ty ; but on the contrary, that he had, agreea- ble to the tender made by him to his Majefty at HOUSE of STANLEY. 267 at York, on his firft appearance there, affift- ed him to the utmoft of his power ; with his perfon, intereft and fortune, to the total deftruclion of the firft, and entire confump- tion of the latter. But let us go yet a little farther, and con- fider that frightful article of his near alliance to the crown, as one reafon given us for his exclufion from all favour, power or trull under the King; and having duly weighed the nature thereof, we (hall find it as light upon the balance as the former ; confiding more in imagination than reality ; more in pride, envy, malice, calumny and court faction, than any evil defigns or intentions of the great and noble Lord here afperfed, villified and contemned by the court para- fites ; who, being in favour, power or truft with the Prince, admit of no rivals ; and that calumny, defamation and detraction, are with them efteemed fafliionable and courtly ac- complimments. Laftly, Let us confider that the latent and dor- mant title to the crown by the EARL of DERBY, on which fo much flrefs appears to M m 2 be 268 The HISTORY of the be laid, was at that time poRponed and re- moved to fo great a period of time, that no- thing lefs than downright rebellion could have revived or fupported his pretenfions. Add thereto, the anceftors of the Royal Fa- mily now on the throne, being then in full life ; nay, one of them then was his Majefty's General, the King himfelf having ifTue both male and female, which rendered any projecl or attempt of this kind, utterly impracticable; and the loyal endeavours of that noble Lord to promote his Majefly s intereft in thofe perilous and rebellious times, plainly con- tradict all thofe i-nvidious, malicious and fcandalous fuggeflfens and infmuations then fpread abroad by the enemies of the noble perfonage here mentioned. &g&^ That like caufes ufually^produce the fame or like effects, is an eRablifhed rule with re- fpecl to men as well as things ; from whence it is obferved, that thofe favourites who have advanced themfelves at court, by mere dint of addrefs, and by mean and unbecoming arts of flattery and fedulity (unknown and fcorned by men of real abilities) have been always fatal to the nation ; and where the a&ions HOUSE, of STANLEY. 269 a&ions and refolutions of men of integrity, loyalty and good abilities, willing to ferve their King and country, have been difcou- raged, and treated with indignity and con- tempt, then the peace, unity and welfare of the whole hath generally fuffered violent convulfions and uncommon changes, if not the total ruin of the Prince, as in the cafe before us. And with refpect to the great and noble Lord here treated of, who may be efteemed of the number of thofe, difcouraged and treated with contempt by his Prince, or the fycophant courtiers about him, he afted ftea- dily and zealoufly, on principles of liberty, and the common good of mankind: he main- tained them in all feafons, and was afhamed to be at eafe while his King and country fuf- fered, and the vigour with which he exerted himfelf againft thofe to whom both owed their fufferings (unhappily for him and his noble family) brought on his own, (much to be lamented) hard fate well known to the world. Having 2 7 o The HISTORY of the Having juft left the famous Houfe of La- tham in afhes, I have only to remark that many curious and notable tranfaclions oc- curred during that Siege that could not pro- perly be related in the common courfe of that account, but, however, well deferves to be remembered, and I doubt not but the knowledge of them will be as acceptable to the reader as thofe of the fiege. Give me leave to acquaint you that the reverend and worthy Chaplain of the houfe^ Mr. Rutter, managed all correfpondence and intelligence by cyphers and characters : wherein he firft made ufe of a woman, one Widow Read, of that neighbourhood, to bring in and carry out difpatches of that na- ture, by the afliilance of fallies appointed for that purpofe, upon a fignal given by her to the houfe when (he wanted to come in. This fecret and moft hazardous fervice ihe moft faithfully carried on for above a year, but was at lad mod unhappily taken with cyphers about her; fome for his Ma- jefty King Charles, fome for the Lord By- ron at Chefter, and others to fome corref- pondence HOUSE of STANLEY. 271 pondence at Manchefter ; upon which (he was required to tell to whom thofe characters at Manchefter particularly were directed (for the enemy could not difcover or inter- pret them) but (he ftoutly denied and refuf- ed to confefs any thing relating to them ; then (he was threatened with fevere punifh- ment if (he would not declare what (he knew' of them ; but (till perfifting in her integrity, {he was burnt with matches betwixt her fingers fo long, that three fingers of each hand were burnt off; yet, the woman, be- yond the refolution of her fex, or of any woman upon record ; fuffered all thofe tor- tures with invincible patience, and would difcover nothing. Amongft the officers, the brave and gallant Captain Molineux Radcliffe, merits perpetual remembrance for his moft valiant fervices ; who commanded the van in twelve fallies, and always brought off his men with fuccefs ; but at laft this gallant gentleman had the misfortune to be llain in ftorming a fort of the enemy. Captain 272 . The HISTORY of the Captain Charles Radcliffe, Captain Henry Noel, Captain Roby, and Captain Worral, all behaved themfelves with the utmoft cou- rage and refolution, and deferved better re- compence than the King's affairs would al- low them to expect. Major Munday, and Captain Kay, who commanded the horfe, were certainly no way inferior to any officers of horfe, in the King's army. A fpecimen of which immediately follows. Major Munday, during the fiege, being challenged to fight his troop againfl fo many of the enemy, chearfully accepted the chal- lenge : both troops were drawn out into the park, in the fight of the houfe, and the ene- mies army; in the engagement the Major re- ceived a mot in the fide of the face, by which an artery being cut, bled exceflively, upon which he defired his Lieutenant to make good the fight till he got the artery fewed up. The fight was made good till the Major returned, and then upon the firfl charge the enemy fled, and he took rrioft of the troop prifoners. This brave and worthy gentleman, HOUSE of STANLEY. 273 gentleman, who after the Siege of Latham, had retired to his own country, and return- ing into England again with his Majefty King Charles II. when he marched from Scotland to Worcefter, had the misfortune to be taken prifoner by the mercilefs rebels, and being known by them, was for his bra- very (hot to death in cold blood. Captain Kay being alfo challenged by a trumpet from the enemy, to fight hand to hand on horfeback with Capt. Afmall, aCap- tain of the adverfe party, he accepted the challenge: both troops met in the park, and ftood aloof, whilft the Captains fought fin- gle. In the engagement, Captain Afmall having difcharged both his piftols at Captain Kay, without much effect, Kay immediately rode up to him, and thruft him through the neck with his javelin, on which he fell down dead from his horfe; Captain Kay alighting, took him up in the face of his troop, and flung him upon his own horfe, and brought him into the houfe ; upon which, Captain Kay's Lieutenant, offered to fight AfmalFs Lieutenant, hand to hand, or troop to troop, 12 N n but 274 The HISTORY of the but they refuted the offer, and fled to their main body. The worthy Chaplain whom I acquainted you before had managed all the intelligence of the houfe, having loft his old friend the Widow Read, who had molt faithfully ferv- ed him in that Way to her death, after fome time found another expedient, by means of a hound dog which he obferved frequently to come and go betwixt his mafter in Latham- houfe, and his miftrefs about three miles off, got private notice to the gentlewoman, that as often as the dog came home me mould look about his neck, and fhe would find a thread with a little paper wrapt about it, which he requefted (he would fend to his HAa.- jefty; and when any papers were fent to her to come into the houfe, directed that fhe would tie them in like manner about the dog's neck, and keep him a while hungered, then open the door and beat him out. And thus the poor dog being beaten back- ward and forward, conveyed all intelligence into and from the houfe, for nine months toge- ther; till at laft, leaping over the enemies works in HOUSE of STANLEY. 275 in his way to the houfe, an angry ill-natured foldier (hot him, but he got to the mote fide near the gate with his difpatches, and there died, by which Mr. Rutter loft his ufeful fervant the dog. However, though he could not contrive to furnifh himfelf in the fame way, yet he found out another expedient to anfwer near the fame ends, but with greater advan- tage to the garrifon ; for by a correfpon- dence Vje had formed with fome trufly and ^hearty friends of the neighbourhood, they had agreed to make fires in the night upon the rifing grounds at a di (lance from the houfe as fignals, that corn, meal, and other provifions, were there laid ready for the befieged; and upon the appearance of thofe fignals, the governor fent out thirty or forty foldiers by way of fally to fetch them into the houfe, who being directed by thofe fires, always found what they wanted, and the night following brought them to the garrifon. 'Other nights foldiers were fent in the fame manner, and on the fame errand ; who by their instructions, care and diligence, never N n 2 failed 276 The HISTORY of the failed of fuccefs; and by this means the gar- rifon were conftantly fupplied until they were fo clofely confined by the enemy, and their numbers in the houfe declining fo much, that they were not able to make their ufual fallies for relief as before, which re- duced them to the fcarcity related at the time of their furrender. But what may be greatly admired (even with wonder and furprize) was, that not one of all thofe foldiers fent out on thofe defpe- rate occafions, and venturing their lives for a little bread, with which they were to fight their way into the houfe, for the relief of themfelves and friends, ever deferted the fer- vice, or (laid out of time; but conftantly re- turned with their fellows at the times expecl- ed, and were received and treated by their commanders with generofity, and thejuftice due to their courage, merit and fidelity. The allowance of corn, meal, &c. thus brought into the houfe, was diftributed and divided in the moil equal manner from the governor to the meaneft foldier : three quar- ters of a pound was weighed out to every man HOUSE of STANLEY. 277 man alike, the horfes that were killed in the fervice, they broiled upon coals and fre- quently eat, without either bread or fait. That which proved a great relief to them was plenty of fuel ; for the colliers being fet to dig by way of trial, found coals and water both in abundance within the houfe to their great comfort ; the water in the mote being fpoiled and rendered unfit for ufe by the enemy. t There was amongft the foldiers about fifty pounds in money, but of no ufe at all to them but to play at fpan-counter with ; they lent it to one another by handfuls, never telling or counting any : one day one fol- dier had all, and the next another, till at laft all their fport was fpoiled, the enemy at the gate ftript them of every penny, and turned them out to the wide world. When the houfe was given up, there were but two hundred and nine foot foldiers in it, and of all their horfe but five left alive, the reft being all eaten up. The common fol- diers were all difcharged as before, but their gallant 278 The HISTORY of the gallant and brave commanders were all made clofe prifoners, and fo cc itinued a long time after. Having now as I promifed, give- the read- er all^he remarkable tranfaclions and occur- rences I have been able to colle6t or be in- formed of attending the 1 famous fiege of La- tham-houfe, from the begining to the end, and alfo noted the eVninent-conducl, courage, and memorable behaviour of thofe brave and yorthy gentlemen who engaged themfelves in the defence thereof; I am^now arrived at a period of time, wherein I find the whole kingdom involved in the greateft diforderand diftraclion, portending nothing lefs than the ruin or deftru6tion of the whole conftitution in church and ftate. The very face and appearance of all public and even private Affairs i?eing quite changed, the whole natio* was in a general and moft deplorable ftate of-confufion and diftraftion: nothing being known or heard of but impri- fonments, prqe^ ut i ns j fequeftrations, and executions of his Majefty's moft loyal and dutiful friends, fubjeds and fervants. Upon HOUSE of STANLEY. 279 Upon information of thefe things (as his Lordfhip's memoirs continue) I enquired fur- ther how affairs flood with the King, and was told that his Majefty's army under the command of his nephew, Prince Rupert, was entirely defeated and difperfed at Marf- ton-moor, by the Earl of Manchefter; and that not long after the King himfelf was vanquifhed and totally routed at Nafeby, the fourteenth of June, 1645 5 t ^ ie defeat whereof reduced him to a moll unhappy fituation of life, having not fo much as a common guar^V left him for the fecurity of his perfon, being obliged to fly from place lo place with the utmoft privacy, to prevent -his being taken prifoner ; and not knowing where to go lor fafety and protection from his furious and inveterate enemies, at lafl unhappily fell a facrifice into their hands, being feized by a party of Cromwell's foldiers, and conducted by them prifoner to Hurft-caftle ; and from thence hurried from prifon to prifon, till at length he was brought to a formal trial before a court eftablilhed by his own fubjecls, who accufed him of having made war' againft his Parliament ; and had him condemned and bcheadedj upon a fcaffold raifecl under the windows 28o The HISTORY of the windows of his palace of Whitehall, on Tuefday the thirtieth of January, 1648-9. A (hocking fcene of iniquity and ufurpa- tion, the very thoughts whereof ftruck me with ftorror; and methought was fufficient to have melted the heart of the moft hardened and abandoned wretch concerned in fuch ini- quitous and barbarous proceedings, as the de- flru&ion of their natural and lawful Prince, and the extirpation of his Royal Family to |.he utmoft of their power. But the goodnefs of our gracious GOD is ever with them that love and fear him, and although he is the Prote&or and Sup- port of all under oppreflion and diftrefs, yet fometimes he poftpones the punifhment for great and wife reafons unknown to us ; yet to (hew the power of his wrath, and care of the innocent and diftrefled, fooner or later his avenging hand will overtake all wicked and evil doers, as obferved by a learned * author in the cafe before us ; that not only thofe very perfons immediately con- cerned in the murder of the King, and the confufion * Hiftory of Independency. HOUSE of STANLEY. 281 confufion in which the nation was involved by their means, were in a fhort time reduced to a ftate of contempt, and their pofterity branded with ignominy and difgrace, attend- ed with their utter extirpation from the face of the earth, fcarcely one of them being left or known in the world at this time. But what remains to be much lamented is, that the mifchief, mifery and perfecution of thofe virulent times ended not here : the Prince of Wales being then in exile, thofe fons of perdition called a Parliament, and publimed a prohibition againft proclaiming him King, under a penalty of punifhment as in cafes of high-treafon, ; and afterwards, pafled an a6t for abolifhing the regal power, as ufelefs, burthenfome and dangerous; and foon after fet a price upon the head of Charles Stuart, the late King's eldeft fon. Under this melancholy and dejecled ftatc, the nation languished in mifery and perfecu- tion, to the year 1650 ; when the Scots took up arms in favour of Charles II. whom they had recalled, in order to fet him upon the throne of his father, and his coronation was 12 O o afterwards 282 The HISTORY of the afterwards folemnized at Scoon in Scotland, the firft of January, 1650-1; and afterwards he put himfelf at the head of an army of fif- teen thoufand foot and three thoufand horfe, and with them entered England, and proceed- ed as far as Worcefter, where he was honou- rably received. During the interval of time betwixt LORD and LADY DERBY, and i their family retiring to the Ifle of Man, and the King's execution, many particulars occurred that cannot well be omitted, though fomething out of the re- gular courfe of the enfuing hiftory ; yet will tend to a more clear and full explication of it. That in the fpace of time above-mention- ed, the rebels had repoflefled themfelves of all places of ftrength, the caftle of Liverpool in particular, whereof the worthy Colonel Birch was made governor. That in the year 1646, the Parliament being moved with the tears and prayers of the dif- trefled wives, widows and fatherlefs children of their fellow-fuhjects, and even relations, made an ordinance for their relief, viz. HOUSE of STANLEY. 283 Goldfmith' s-hall, London. At a Committee for compounding with De- linquents, Nov. 29th, 1646. "T/yHEREAS by an order from the honourable Houfe of Commons in Parliament affembled, of the twenty-third of February, 1645 ^is Committee is autho- rized and enabled to fufpend the Sequeftra- tions of fuch delinquents, as (hall compound with the faid Committee ; they having paid the moiety of fuch fine, and given fecurity for the other moiety, and to ftand to fuch compofitions as (hall be allowed of, or fet by the Houfe of Commons. Thefe are to certify all whom it may concern, &c. O o 2 Co. 284 The HISTORY of the Co. Lanr. Warrington, July nth, 1645. " A CCORDING to the direaion of the or- dinance of Parliament, it is this day or- dered, that Mrs. Jane Ecclefton, late wife of Thomas Ecclefton of Ecclefton, Efq. deceaf- ed, (hall have allowed unto her for the main- tenance of herfelf and children, one fifth part of her Hufband's Eftate, according to the di- retlion of the faid ordinance; (he paying her proportionable part of all lays and taxations that may be impofed upon that eftate ; and the Sequeftrators for the fame are hereby ap- pointed to fee a fifth part fet forth accord- ingly with all convenient fpeed." T. Stanley, Peter Egerton, Wdw. Butterfworth. V Encouraged by the above ordinance and order, the children of the EARL of DERBY having procured a pafs from Sir Thomas irfax for that purpofe, came over from the Ifle of Man to England, to procure a fifth part of their father's eftate for their fupport and education, according to the aforefaid or- dinance, and after a year's follicitation, ob- tained an allowance of a fifth part thereof. HUYTQN HOUSE of STANLEY. 285 HUYTON PARISH. To the Right Honourable the Committee of Lords and Commons for Scquejlration. ' '"THE humble Petition of Charles Lord Strange, Edward and William, and the ladies Henrietta-Maria, Catherine and Amelia, fix fons and daughters of James EARL of DERBY, fheweth, That the Petiti- oners by reafon of the Sequeftration of their father's eftate, are wholly deprived of all manner of fupport for their livelihood and education, and fo have been for many years paft. That by the honourable favour of both Houfes of Parliament, an allowance is declared to be given to his wife and chil- dren, of which (that the petitioners may have the benefit) is the humble fuit of "the petitioners. And they mail ever pray. Henrietta- Maria Stanley. A true copy exhibited by me, R. Vaughan, Clerk of the Court. Wednefday, 285 The HISTORY of the Wednesday, Sept. 8M, 1647. " A T the Committee of Lords and Com- mons for Sequeftration, upon the pe- tition of the right honourable Charles Lord Strange, Edward, William, Henrietta-Maria, Catherine and Amelia, the fons and daugh- ters of James EARL of DERBY (a copy whereof is hereunto annexed and attefted with the clerk's hand of this Committee) it is thought fit and ordered that the faid children be allowed a fifth part for their maintenance according to the faid ordinance, from the time of their demand. And that the manor of Knowfley, in the county of Lancafter, with the houfe, lands and appurtenances in Lancafhire thereto belonging, be part of the faid fifth part. And that no timber be felled upon the faid Earl's lands, but that the fame be preferved according to the order of Se- queftration. Intra. R. Vaughan. Henry Pelham. HUYTO N HOUSE of STANLEY. 287 HUYTON PARIS PL Manchefter, in the county of Lancafter. At a Committee, Sept. 24^, 1647. *' "\X7HEREAS we have received an order from the Committee of Lords and Commons for Sequeflration, bearing date the eighth of September lail, for allowance of a fifth part of the eftate of James EARL of DERBY, unto the right honourable Charles Lord Strange, Edward, William, Henrietta- Maria, Catherine and Amelia, the fons and daughters of the faid Earl ; in purfuance whereof it is ordered, that the agents for Se- queftration where the eftate of the faid Earl lieth, (hall from the faid eighth day of this inflant September, fet forth and allow unto the faid children, a fifth part of the faid eftate, whereof the manor of Knowfley, with the houfe, lands and appurtenances, in the faid county, are of the part thereof; and that the agents take fpecial care that no timber be cut down and felled upon the faid Earl's lands, but preferved according to the ordi- nance of Parliament ; and the faid agents are to yield obedience and conformity hereunto, until further orders. . J. Bradfhavr. Peter Egerton, Int. T. Whalley. Edw. Butterf-.vorth. At 288 The HIS TOR Y of the At a Committee of Lords and Commons for Sequejtration. this Committee have for- merly appointed Colonel John Moor Ranger of Knowfley-park, in the county of Lancafter, by order of the third of Decem- ber, 1646. And whereas now in the abfencc of the faid Colonel, who is at this time in the fervice of Ireland, there is no care taken for preferving.the game, as alfo the timber of the faid park from deftrudion. It is thought fit and ordered, that Mr. Edward Stockly be appointed ranger of the faid park of Knowfley, in the Colonel's abfence, for the prefervation of the faid game and timber, imlefs the Committee of the faid county, (hall certify caufe to the contrary of this Committee. Intra. R Vaughan. Henry Pelham. HUYTO N HOUSE of STANLEY. 289 HUYTON PARISH. Manchefter, in the county of Lancafter. At the Committee, Sept. 24^, 1646. " T717HEREAS we have received an order from the Committee of Lords and Commons for Sequeilration, bearing date the eighth of September laft, for the appoint- ing of Mr. Edw. Stockley to be ranger of Knowfley-park, in the abfence of Colonel John Moor, who was appointed ranger of the faid park by the faid Committee, and is now in the fervice of Ireland; in purfuance whereof it is ordered, that the faid Mr. Stockly (hall from henceforth and until fur- ther order, be ranger of the faid park, and fhall preferve the game and timber therein, from wafte and deftruftion, according to the faid order ; and the agents for Sequeflration, and all others whom it may concern, are to yield obedience hereunto accordingly. J. Bradfhaw, Peter Egerton, Intra. T. Whalley. E. Butierfworth. 13 Vp HUYTON 290 The HISTORY of the HUYTON PARISH. '"PHESE are to require you upon fight hereof, forthwith to remove yourfelf, wife, family and goods, out of the right honourable the EARL of DERBY'S houfe at Knowfley, without offering any hurt or violence to the faid houfe and goods in it, the park or any thing thereunto belonging. Of this you are not to fail, as you will an- fwer the contrary at your peril. Given under my hand and feal this laft day of Auguft, 1647. T. Fairfax. To Major Jackfon at Know/ley -houfe, or at Liverpool. THESE HOUSE of STANLEY. 291 I'll neither hurt thee nor it ; it cannot hurt me, for I am not afraid of it;" and lading it, gave it to him again, then he aiked to fee the block, which was not quite ready, and turning up his eyes> faid, " How long, good Lord, how long?" Then HOUSE of STANLEY. 339 Then putting his hand into his pocket, gave the headfman two pieces of gold, faying, '"" This is all I have, take it, and do thy work well ; and when I am upon the block, and lifting up my hands, then do your b.ufi- nefs ; but I fear your great coat will hinder or trouble you, pray put it off." Some {landing by, bid him aik his Lord- fhip's forgivenefs, but being either too fallen or too flow, his Lordfhip forgave him before fie afked it ; and pafling by the other fide where his coffin flood, and fpying one of his Chaplains on horfeback amongft the troop- ers, faid, " Sir, remember me to your bro- ther and friend : you fee I am ready, but the }lock is not ; but when I am got into my chamber, which I mall not be long out of (pointing to his coffin) I mall then be at reft, and no longer troubled with fuch a guard and noife as I have been ;" and fo turning himfelf again he faw the block, and afked if all was ready ; then going to the place where he began his fpeech, he faid, " Good people, I thank you for your prayers and your tears ; I have heard the one and feen the other;" and bowing, turned towards the X x 2 block,, 340 The HIS TORY, of the block, and then looking towards the Church, he caufed the block to be turned and laid that way, faying, " I will look towards thy Sanctuary whilft I am here, and I hope to live in thy heavenly Sanduary for ever here- after. Then taking his doublet off, afked how he mud lie, faying, " I never faw any one's head cut off, but I will try how it fits ;" fo laying him down and (Iretching himfelf upon the block, he rofe again, and caufed it to be a little removed ; and {landing up and look- ing at the executioner, faid, " Be fure you remember what I told you, when I lift up my hands then do your work ;" then look- ing on his friends about him, faid, bowing, " The Lord be with you all, pray for me ; :: and kneeling upon his knees, made a fhort and private prayer, ending with the Lord's Prayer, and bowing himfelf again, faid. " The Lord blefs my Wife and Children, and the Lord blefs us all : :3 and laying his neck upon the block, and his arms flretched out, he faid thefe words aloud. " Bleffed HOUSE of STANLEY. 341 " Blefled be GOD'S holy name for ever and ever. Amen. " Let the whole earth be filled with his glory." And then lifting up his hands, the execu- tioner did his work, and we hope and doubt not but GOD hath done his, faved his foul, and taken it, into everlafting felicity. After which nothing was heard in the town but fighs, fjbs and prayers. When his body was taken up and ftripprd as he had directed, and laid in his coffin, there was thrown into it the following lines, by an unknown hand. Wit, bounty, courage, three here in one lie dead, A STANLEY'S hand, Vere's heart, and Cecill's head. The next day his corps was carried from Bolton to Ormfkirk, and there depofited with his renowned anceftors, to mingle his afties with 342 The HISTORY of the with theirs : and although we have here at- tended this noble Lord through the courie of many dangers and diftraclions of life, and brought to lading reft, yet let us not quite bury him in oblivion, but tranfmit to poite- yity the memory of his piety and virtuous life (as it came to our knowledge fince his deceafe) as we have done his moft brave and martial atchievements. Wherein give me leave to prefent the rea- der with his ufual Morning Prayer in his clofet by himfelf ; his two laft letters to his Lady and Children in the Ifle of Man, after fentence of death pafled upon him ; his reli- gious inftruftions to his children, and an elegy on his death, by an ingenious hand. A MORN- C 343 ] A MORNING PRAYER, BY LORD DERBY. CC (^)^ Almighty Lord GOD ! thou that heareft prayer, affift me now in my devotion, by the help of thy bleifed Spirit; make me to have fo right a fenfe of my fins, that I may be humbled before thee, and of thy mercy, that I may be raifed and com- forted by thee. O Lord ! make me tremble to confider thee a mcAi mighty and terrible GOD ; and make me again rejoice to know thee a moil loving and merciful Father. Make me zealous of thy giory, and thankful for thy bo'im.ies : make me know my wants, and the frailties of my nature, and be earned in my prayer, that thou wilt forgive all my mifdeeds ; make me in my addreffes to thee, to have a prefent mind, and no cares, wan- dering thoughts or defires elfewhere, or feparate from thee: make me fo to pray that I may obtain of thee mercy, and the relief of all my heceflkies ; for the fake of thy b!ef- fed Son and my Redeemer the Koly JESUS/' Amen. A COPY L 344 3 A COPY oi LORD DERBY'S LAST LETTER TO HIS LADY, Oftober izt/i, 1651, from Chefler. 44 THAVE heretofore fent you comfortable lines, but alas I have now no word of comfort ; faving to our laft and beft refuge which is ALMIGHTY GOD, to whofe will we muft fubmit : and when we confider how he hath difpofed of thefe nations and the go- vernment thereof we have no more to do but to lay our hands upon our mouths judging ourfelves, and acknowledging our fms, join- ed with others, to have been the caufe of thefe miferies and to call on him with tears for mercy. " The Governor of this place, Colonel Duckenfield, is General of the forces which are going now againft the Ifle of Man, and however HOUSE of STANLEY. 345 however you might do for the prefent ; in time it would be grievous and troublefome to refift, efpecially thofe that at this hour command three nations : wherefore my ad- vice, notwithftanding my great affeftion to that place is, that you would make conditions for yourfelf, children, fervants, and people there, and fuch as came over with me, to the end you may go to fome place of reft where you may not be concerned in war ; and tak- ing thought of your poor children, you may in fome fort provide for them ; then prepare yourfelf toi come to your friends above, in that blefled place where blifs is, and no mingling of opinions. " I conjure you, my deareft heart, by all thofe graces which GOD hath given you, that you exercife your patience in this great and ftrange trial. If harm come to you, then I am dead indeed, and until then I (hall live in you, who are truly the beft part of my- felf : when there is no fuch as I in being, then look upon yourfelf and my poor chil- dren, then take comfort and GOD will blefs you. 15 Y y "I ac- 346 The HISTORY of the " I acknowledge the great goodnefs of GOD, to have given me fuch a wife as you : fo great an honour to my family ; fo excel- lent a companion to me; fo pious, fo much of all that can be faid of good, I muft con- fefs it impoflible to fay enough thereof. I afk GOD pardon with all my foul, that I have not been enough thankful for fo great a benefit, and when I have done any thing at any time that might juftly offend you, with joined hands I alfo afk you pardon. " I have no more to fay to you at this time, than my prayers for the Almighty's bleffing to you, my dear Mall, and Ned, and Billy. Amen, fweet JESUS. COPY [ 347 ] A COPY OF LORD DERBY'S LAST LETTER TO Lady Mary, Mr. Edward, and Air. William-, T Dear Mall, my Ned, and Billy f REMEMBER well bow fad you were to part with me, but now I fear your for- row will be greatly increafed to be informed that you can never fee me more in this world; but I charge you all to drive againft too great a forrow; you are all of you of that temper that it would do you much harm ; and my defires and prayers to GOD are, that you may have a happy life ; let it be as holy a life as you can, and as little fmful as you can avoid or prevent. " I can well now give you that council, having in myfelf at this time fo great a fenfe of the vanities of my life, which fill my foul with forrow ; yet I rejoice to remember that Y y 2 when 348 The HISTORY of the when I have blefied GOD with pious devo- tion, it has been moft delightful to my foul, and mull be my eternal happinefs. " Love the Arch-deacon, he will give you good precepts : obey your Mother with cheerfulnefs, and grieve her not/ for (he is your example, your nurfery, your councel- lor, your all under GOD ; there never was, nor never can be a more deferving perfon. I am called away and this is the laft I mail write to you. The Lord my GOD blefs you and guard you from all evil. So prays your Father at this time, whofe forrow is inex- orable to part with Mall, Neddy, and Billy. Remember, DERBY? LORD L 349 LORD DERBY'S FIRST LETTER From the ISLE of MAN, To his SON, the LORD STRANGE, WITH HIS OBSERVATIONS relating to that ISLAND, For his INSTRUCTION and IMITATION. CC r ~PHE Hie of Man was fometime govern- " ed by Kings, natives of its own, who where converted to Chriftianity by St. Patrick, the Apoftle of Ireland, and Sir John Stanley the firft poffeffor of it, of that family, was by his patent ftiled King of Man; as were his fucceflbrs after him, to the time of Tho- mas, the fecond EARL of DERBY ; who for great and wife reafons, thought fit to forbear that title. tl And no fubjecl; I know hath fo great a royalty as this, and left it mould at any time be thought too great, keep this rule, and you will more, fecurely keep it: fear GOD and honour the King. " When 350 The HISTORY of the " When I go to the top of Mount Baroule, by turning myfelf round I can fee England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales ; and think it pity to fee fo many kingdoms at once, which is a profpeft no place as I conceive in any nation that we know under heaven can afford, and have fo little profit from all, or any of them. " But having duly confidered thereof, have as I imagine difcovered the reafon of it ; the country is indeed better than I was inform- ed of, for which I blamed myfelf that I en- quired fo little of it ; for indeed he who feeks not to know his own, is unworthy of what he hath ; and I am of opinion this ifle will never fiourifh until fome trade or manufac- ture be eflablithed in it ; and though you may invite ilrangers, or natives to become merchants, yet, never any thing will be done to the purpofe, until you yourfelf lead the way ; and by your example and encourage- ment, fet the people a pattern. " By this or fuch like means, no doubt but you may grow rich yourfelf, and others un- der you improve the land ; and fet the peo- pie HOUSE of STANLEY. 35 1 pie to work, fo that in time you fhall have no beggars, nor loiterers; and where you have one friend now, you (hall have many ; every houfe will become a little town, and every town a little city 5 the fea will abound with fhips, and the country with people ; to the great enrichment of the whole. LORD 352 ] LORD DERBY'S LETTER TO COMMISSARY GENERAL IRETON, IN Anfwer to Offers made by him from the Parliament of his whole Eftate, If he -would furrender the IJle of Man to them. Caftletown, July i2th, 1649. S i R, HOUSE of STANLEY. 353 felicitations ; for if you trouble me with any more meflages on this occafion, I will burn the paper, and hang the bearer. This is the immutable refolution, and (hall be the un- doubted pra&ice of him, who accounts it his chiefeft glory to be, His Majejly's moft loyal and obedient fervant, DERBY:' " Chufe for your Bifhop a reverend and holy man, who may carefully fee the whole Clergy do their duty ; but not any perfon al- ready benefited in England ; and oblige him you chufe to refidence. By the law and cuf- tom here, the Bimop might leafe any part of the Bifhopric for 21 years, or for lives, or further time, as it is at this time ; by which you will fee few Bifhops have enjoyed the full benefice of their fee, having contented ihemfelves with being called Lords, without due regard to their revenue, or any obligati- on to refidence ; but in a few years the leafes will be all expired, and then the Bifhopric 1 Z z vill 354 The HISTORY of the will be worth having ; and confider the cheapnefs of the place : I know few Bifhops in England that can live better than he, the whole being entire ; and your prerogative herein very great, to which have a particular regard. And I herein confider this, that if the greateft part of the Bifhopric be leafed, you will find few worthy men will except the place; and if men be beneficed already, they will not care to live in the ifle, which all the Clergy ought to do. Have great care the Brfhop be not of a factious fpirit, and let him be of your own chufmg, rather than by recommendation ; fo will he (hew the greater obligation to you, and be no ways dependant on any other ; no, not even of York. And if you, even as I defigned, fet up an Univerfity, it may oblige the nations round about us. Get friends to the country, and enrich the land, which in time will bring fomething to the Lord's purfe ; and as the place is cheap (yet furnifhed with proper fubfiftence, and the temptations to idlenefs and luxury few) education might be attained here HOUSE of STANLEY. 355 here on the loweft terms ; but of this I (hall tell you more when it pleafe GOD I can fee you, and myfelf in peace. His LORDSHIP'S REASONS to his SON, For not affuming the Title of KING IN MAN, And exhorts him to be ftriclly loyal. ;c COME might think it a mark of gran- deur, that the Lords of this ifle have been called Kings ; and I might be of that opinion, if I knew how this country could maintain itfelf, independent of other nati- ons, and that I had no intereft in another place; but herein I agree with your, and my great and wife anceftor, Thomas, the fecond EARL of DERBY, and with him con- ceive, that to be a great Lord is more ho- nourable than a petty King. Z z 2 " Befides, 356 The HISTORY of the " Befides, it is not for a King to be fubjeft to .any, but the King of Kings ; nor doth it pleafe a King that any of his fubjefts mould affecl that title, were it but to al it in a play ; witnefs the fcruples raifed, and objections made by my enemies in his Majefty's council, of my being too near allied to the royalty, to be trufted with too great power, whofe jealoufies and vile fuggeflions have proved of very ill confequence to his Majefty's intereft, and my fervice of him. There never was a wife fubjecl that would willingly offend his King, but if offence were given from the Prince, would rather humble himfelf before him, as the only means to recover his favour, without which, no fubjeft can propofe to live with honour and fafety. " To conclude this council, a take it for granted, that it is honour to give honour to your Sovereign ; it is fafe and comfortable ; therefore in all your aclions let it vifibly ap- pear in this ifle : let him be prayed for duly; let all writings and oaths of officers, foldiers, &c. have relation of allegiance to him. LORD C 357 1 Lord Derby's Second Letter to his Son CHARLES, LORD STRANGE. V OU know my former inftruftions to you were, firft, to fear GOD, the beginning of Wifdon ; and that Honefty and Religion were the grounds and ends of all men's actions ; that all things are written for our inftrucYion, and that no man can be accounted happy in this world that is not wife, for he that is wife, fees moft his own unhappinefs. " And I know you are taught thefe great and good leflbns by your excellent tutor, Mr. Rutter ; for whom may you and I give thanks to GOD ; he is not only a good teach- er to you 3 but a good friend and companion both to you and me ; having nothing at all of the pedant in him. You have profited well in your ftudies, which is a proof of his labour and care ; and without flattery to ei- ther, above what I expected ; to which the virtuous 358 The HISTORY of the virtuous inclinations of your great and good mother, by whofe tender care your infancy hath been governed, hath greatly contribut- ed. " You have already the benefit of her lan- guage, and fo need not travel as I and fome others have done to fpend our time for words, while we lofe fo much of our life, to have ftudied men and manners ; but your prefent education under fo great and excellent a tu- tor, gives me aflurance rather than hope, that you will fo well underftand yourfelf, and the true knowledge of your Creator and Re- deemer (without which, all other things are vain and miferable) that your youth being guided by fo able a teacher, will furnifh you with fuch divine and moral precepts, as may make your life comfortable, and your death happy. From whofe learned inftru&ions, when it (hall pleafe GOD to blefs you with children, you may yourfelf give rules to their teachers ; but left you mould forget any of thofe wife and virtuous precepts, I may pre- vail with Mr. Rutter, to give you his method of inftru6ling youth in writing, to keep by you, and if others when we are dead pretend to HOUSE of STANLEY. 359 to greater knowledge and a newer way of teaching, you may compare his great (kill with our true loves, of which thefe and the like endeavours (hall be our witnefs ; as I may fay fomething more of my .intentions concerning your breeding, travel, &c. But in the mean time, I will give you fome in- ftruclions touching the manner of your houfe, fervants, and eftate, which I hope may prove of fervice ; I have already given you fome marks of a good fervant ; and thefe follow- ing are badges of a bad one. '" My father upon the death of my mother, growing infirm and difconfolate, and willing to repofe himfelf from the troubles of the world, purchafed a houfe on the fide of the river Dee, near Chefter, and retired to it ; referving to himfelf a thoufand pounds a year for life, and put the reft of his eftate and re- venue into my hands, which I fear I (hall not be fo foon able to do with you, nor with fuch latitude of power. However, by ob- fervation of the following ruks and maxims, you may fo manage, improve and enlarge your eftate, as to live in repute, honour and comfort. " When 360 The HIS TORY of the " When you (hall arrive at man's eftate, ufe great caution in the choice of a wife ; for as that is well or ill done, fo is the whole life likely to be afterwards. It is like a pro- ject in war, wherein a man can probably err but once. If your eftate be good, match near home and at leifure ; but if weak and encumbered, marry afar off and quickly. Enquire well into her difpofition, and how her parents have been in their youth. Let her not be poor, how generous foever ; for a man can buy nothing in a market with gentility; neither chufe an uncomely. crea- ture for wealth, for it will caufe contempt in others, and loathing with you ; chufe not a dwarf or a fool ; the children of one will be pigmies, and the other your difgrace by a continual clack. There is nothing more fulfome than a (he fool. " As to your houfe-keeping, let it be mo- derate, rather plentiful than niggardly, for no man ever grew poor by keeping an order- ly table. Banifti drunkennefs as a bane to health, confuming much, and making no {how. Beware not to fpend above the fourth of your income, nor above one third of that in HOUSE of STANLEY. 337 in your houfe ; for the other two parts will fcarce defray your extraordinaries, which always furmount the ordinary : and remem- ber the needy man can never live happily. " Bring your children up with learning and obedience, yet without aufterity : praife them openly, and reprehend them fecretly. Give them maintenance agreeable to your ability, otherwife your life will feem their bondage, and at your death they will thank it, and not you for what you leave them. " I am perfuaded that the foolifh indul- gence of fome parents, and the too fevere carriage of others, occafion more men and women to take ill courfes, than their own inclinations. Marry your daughters in time, as a great work ; and if your fons are by cu- riofity and cuftom inclined to travel, fuffer them not to pafs the Alps, for there is no- thing to be learned there, but pride, vice, luxury and atheifm, with a few ufelefs words of no profit. " It is good to have provifion before hand for houfe-keeping, and large demefnes arc J6 A a a neceflary 362 The HISTORY of the. neceffary for that purpofe : therefore do not leafe any part already in your hands : and live not in the country 'without corn and cattle ; for he that pulleth to his purfe for every penny, is like him that putteth water in a fieve. " Buy what you want at the beft hand, and be not ferved with kihfrnen: and friends, for they expe6l much and do but little, and keep rather too few than one too many feed and pay them weli, and you may expect fervice from their hands. " Let your kindred and friends be wel- come at your houfe and table, and oblige them by your countenance, which will dou- ble the bond of nature, and raife fo many ad- vocates upon occafion. Throw off and dif- regard all loofe and flattering parafites, who are every man's friend in prosperity, but of no more ufe in adverfity, than an harbour in winter. Avoid furetifhip for your befl friends, but rather lend the money yourfelf on good bond, although you borrow it ; for that will fecure yourfelf, and pleafe your friend neither borrow money of a neighbour or friend, HOUSE of STANLEY. 363 friend, but rather of a flranger. which when paid you will hear no more of; otherwife you will leflen your credit, lofe your friend, and yet pay as dear for it. " Undertake no fuit againft a poor man, on receiving much wrong, for then you will make him your equal, and it is a bafe con- quell where there is no refiftance ; neither make ufe of law againft any man, before you are fully fatisfied of your right, and then fpare neither money nor pains ; for a caufe fo obtained may free you from fuits great part of your life. " Be fure to keep fome great man your friend, but trouble him not with trifles; compliment him often with fmall gifts of little charge ; but if occafion require greater, let it be fomething that may be daily in fight, otherwife it may be like a hop without a pole. " Towards your fuperiors be humble, yet generous ; with your equals familiar, yet refpeftful to your inferiors ; fhew much hu- manity and fome familiarity, as to bow the A a a 2 body. 364 The HISTORY of the body, ftretch forth your hand, or uncover your head, with fiich like popular compli- ments, which will prepare your way to po- pular advancement, befpeak you a man well bred, and gain a good report, which when once got, is eafily kept. " Civility and humanity take deep root in the minds of the populace, who are eafier gained by fmall courtefies, than by churlifh benefits ; yet affeft not, nor negle6l popula- rity too much. " Truft not any man with the fecrets of your mind that may nearly concern your life, ho- nour, credit or eftate ; for it is the greateft folly fo far to difcover and enflave yourfelf to your friend : as if occafion (hould become neceflary, you durft not dare to become his enemy. " Be not fcurrilous in converfation, nor fatirical in your jefts ; for when any of them favour too much of truth, they leave a t>it- ternefs in the minds of thofe that are touched by them ; and fome are fo prone to this kind of behaviour, that they chufe rather to lofe their HOUSE of STANLEY. 365 their friend than their jeft ; but I advife you to avoid all fuch fatire, as may be difagreea- ble to the company, which may engage you in difputes, and draw upon you the hatred of friends, if not quarrels alfo. " It is very commendable to have comely men to ferve you ; but have none that is either a Puritan, or Jefuit; next to them, a mufician is very troublefome. Many boys to wait on your fervants are fluttifh, given to pilfer and fteal, and difgrace your houfe. I would have all thofe under the yeomen in livery, whether yours or any of your chief retinue. tf Have a good fteward of your houfe, and clerk of the kitchen, who make them- felves awed by the fervants, even as much as yourfelf ; and while they ferve you well, you muft countenance them well; fo will your houfe be orderly. " I would as much as in me lay, keep my own cam ; fo mall I better hufband it, know- ing on what occafions I part with ; and as it is a cuftom fometimes to reward good fer- vants, 366 The HIS TOR Y of the vants, confider well before you give, what it is, to whom, and for what, for certainly when you give to a good man (becaufe he is good) it is likely to keep him fo, and make others good from the example. I would not have many in my houfe too near a-kin, for you will be apt to encourage one too much, for another's fake ; neither would I have many married in my houfe, by fo doing you may come to have the children alfo. " When a fervant minds himfelf more than your bufinefs, then you may be fure he is growing rich, gaining reputation at your coft; and then you may obferve men making their addrefles to him, rather than you ; his followers attending him bare headed, which puffs him up to flight your fervice ; and if you refpe6l him, it may be, he will honour you, otherwife he can live of his own, and may have the vanity to give out, it was his father's legacy, though he came to you a beggar. " If a fervant be prodigal, neglecting his own affairs, afluredly he will neglect yours ; and this you may fee if he be needy : a gamefter. HOUSE of STANLEY. 367 gamefler, a company keeper, or otherwife vicious and the like difmifs fuch a fervant your houfe and fervice. " Another fort will, perhaps, delight to keep you in fuits and troubles, that he may never want employment; and you cannot want him, exclaiming againft all others as unfit for your fervice. But in this cafe the rule of Machiavel is to be remembered Fortiter Calumniari aliquid addet. More dangerous than this is a flattering fervant, who endeareth himfelf to you, by applaud- ing and approving all you like, fay or do, jA which may prevail with you to think that you have one after your own heart, but will in time gnaw you to the very bone : yet ob- ferve this rule, and there will be lefs danger of being deceived. When any praife you, be cautious whether you deferve it or not ; or if you do, think he does not always love you bed, that praifeth you mod. Remem- ber the Italian proverb, That after eating fait with one feven years, you may then judge of his fmcerity, and how far you may trull him. Thofe you trufl with money, or imy receipts or difburfements of it, bring often 3 68 The HISTORY of the often to account, which will keep themjuft, and make you eafy. " Mod of thefe misfortunes I have met with in fervants, which hath. given me great vexation ; therefore I hope, by my experi- ence, you will avoid them as much as pofli- ble. I might have enlarged upon many of the paffages and obfervations here recited, in which I have been fufficiently exercifed to give you examples both of pride and corrup- tion in thofe employed about you ; but am loath to dwell too long on one fubjeci, not knowing how (hort a time I mud dwell here myfelf, fo (hall omit them for the prefent, and only give you a few general aphorifms and maxims in life, for your inftruction and obfervation in the courfe of it, which I ex- hort you always to remember and praftife. as a fure monitor and guide of all your actions, conduct and behaviour, towards GOD, your Prince, and Neighbour/ 5 INSTRUC- INSTRUCTIONS, BY JAMES EARL OF DERBY, TO HIS SON, THE LORD STRANGE, (By 'way of Apborifm.) For his Obfervation in Life. FIRST. U C\ F all things, feek ye to know the Word of GOD, and the Kingdom ef GOD. " II. Know that about GOD, there js neither greatnefs, place, quality, figure or time ; for he is all, through all, and about all. " III. This word, O Son ! worfhip and adore, and the only fervice of GOD is not to be evil. 16 B 370 The HIS TORY of the " IV. Remember that virtue, honour and religion, are the grounds and ends of all good men's actions* " V. Build more upon an honed man's word, than a bad man's word. " VI. Triift not any man that has not approved himfelf a man of found principles and a good conference; for he that is falfe to GOD, can never be. true to man. " VII. Remember that he is a happy King who loves his people, and is beloved by them. "^III. That the flrength of a King is in the love of his people. " IX. That Princes ought to be better than other men, becaufe they command and rule all. " X. That a good Prince ought firft to preferve the fervice of GOD and his Church ; and next the common wealth, before his own pleafure. " XI, That HOUSE of STANLEY. 371 ' XL That he can never be a good ftatef- man, that regardeth not the public more than his own advantage. " XII. That honour is the reward of vir- tue gotten with labour, and held in danger. " XIII. That counfel without refolution and execution, is but wind. XIV. That divifion in council is moft dan- gerous. " XV. That attempts are moft probable when wifely formed, and fecretly and fpeedi- ly executed. -c- " XVI. That union is the ftrength, and divifion the ruin of .any body politic. " XVII. That the taking or lofing an op-, portunity, was the gaining or lofing a pro- jecl in fortune. " XVIII. That war is foon kindled, but peace very hardly procured. B b b 2 " XIX, That 372 The HISTORY of the " XIX. That war is the eurfe, and peace the blefling of GOD, upon a nation. " XX. That a nation gaineth more by one years peace, than ten years war. " XXI. That a nation can never be rich that hath no trade and commerce with other nations. . " XXII. That no man can get riches of himfelf, but by means and afliftance of others. , " XXIII. That riches are GOD'S bleffing to fuch that ufe them well ; and his curfe to fuch that do not. " XXIV. That all things in the world are valuable as we efteem them ; for a little to him that thinketh it enough, is great riches. " XXV. That wild, lewd, and unthrifty youth, is frequently the parent's fault, in making them men feven years too foon. " XXVI. That HOUSE of STANLEY. 373 " XXVI. That youth are guilty of much folly and extravagance, having but children's judgments ; therefore mould be inftru&ed and governed with the greateft prudence and tendernefs. " XXVII. That the better to prevent the follies of youth, the ancient Romans had a law, by which their fons were not permitted to poflefs their father's eftate, until they arrived at the age of twenty-five years." TO C 374 TO THE GLORIOUS MEMORY . \ BLESSED MARTYR, JAMES EARL OF DERBY. U TLJAIL honour'd Vault, thou facred duft, Clean as the STANLEY'S name that mud Eternize you, and give^to'lJeath Rank tho' it be, a fweeter Breath, Than fpices fuck'cl from eaftern air, Or any place but where you are ; For balms that other bodies keep, Are kept themfelves where you do deep : Marvel not Holy Urns if now By kind or cruel fate, or how I know not, your brave Son apf>ca'rs, All fmeer'd with blood, and bath'd with tears, To take his lodging up and lie In your untainted company ; For HOUSE of STANLEY. l 375 For tho' his Noble Blood was fpilt By colour of blackureafons squill ; Yet know we call noTbctd"or good, As in your days^was underftood ; The filly Virtues of your times, Our wifer age, hath made our crimes ; We believ'd hiftories and there, We read how true the STANLEY'S were; But fince, this Man was made we know, A Rebel for not being fo ; And by new ftile of language found, For having ne'er been falfe, unfound. Pardon us if we fwear that you, Bled fouls, have all been traitors too. But ftay your peaceful {urines fmift hear* No more of this, and you that wear The white to (hew your innocence, So taken in the good old fenfe, Do not difdain if he that bled Come here to dye you all in red ;. Kow well it muft you faints become, To be dip'd with "him in MARTYRDOM. You lov'd your PRINCES, and the end For which you liv'd was to defend The power that made you great to be. Worthy of this pofterity : 376 The HISTORY of the But if your waking fpirits flew, That day aloft when with a few Great DERBY mounted on his caufe, Fought for his COUNTRY, KING and LAWS; Refolv'd our little light grown dim, Shou'd ne'er be quite extinguifli'd without Him ; You'll fay that you did but begin What he made perfect and have been ; 'Tis all that Reafon can afford, You Majefty's bucklers, he the fword ; Oh ! where's the fortune that was won't To wait on yoi\ iwad give account Of all your Aftions, bidding Fame To write them fair upon your Name ? What rnufl his valour be denied Succefs, to fatisfy the pride * Of angry Fates, who fet it down For Law, no bays without a crown ? Making his lofs a public harm, Three Kingdoms leaning on his Arm. " Poor Deftinies to govern Wars, Yet fuffer him to top your ftars ; And change to Triumph what you meant, By fond miftake his punifhment ; So HO USE of S TA NL E Y. 377 So did he ride, his Chariot drawn By Tigers tam'd, and taught to fawn. Upon the greatnefs of his foul, Brute paflions all at his controul ; Rage turn 'd to pity, fcorns to fears, Hard and cold hearts difiblv'd to tears ; His gujod march'd like poor conquer'd things, Who ji before cou'd fpit at Kings ; He putlhem on new garbs, and none Of thaefday's manners W4pe their own. i " A Triumph fuch m one may fee After fome Indian viftory ; Where favage beafts firfl learn to kneel, And (laves walk chain'd to chariot wheel ; A glorious day, no griefs might dare To darken* what his looks made fair ; " But as the valiant Ifraelite, In Vifion faw before the %kt ; His fleece by wonder, dry, and round, About the place a water'd ground; So\ftood unmovji this gallant Peer, WhiliHorrow made all deluge there ; And yet, as when with hotteft rays, A clear Sun its full ftrength difplays ; v 16 / ,. Ccc On j;8 The HISTORY of the On fome thick cloud that dare refifL There (hews a kind of bloody mift ; So did his clearnefs then arife, And dart upon the peoples' eyes ; That none did ever fee, they fay. A bloodier and a fairer day ; Fix : d in the fweetnefs of a mind, Free from guilt and fear we find ; His boldnefs now bowing to none. But his GOD and him alone. " And as triumphing confuls thought. Their glories greater when they brought, Their Crowns to th' temple as was meet ; There laid them down at great Pan's feet. " So after all this triumph he, A fervantftill to MAJESTY Before his GOD fell on his face ; At which the genius of this place, This reverend vault fetch'd him away. T' enthrone him where the STANLEY'S lay , Whofe afhes whifper their defire, From his warm blood to take new fire ; And light a blinded world to fee, Thi-r bleiTTng oftheir LOYALTY.'' This HOUSE of STANLEY. 379 This great and noble Lord, whofe various tranfaftions in life, and tragical death \ve have been defcribing, was the feventh EARL of DERBY of his family; he married to his Lady, the moft noble Charlotte, daughter to 1 ' Claud de la Tremouillc, Duke de Tremouille and Trovers, by Charlotte his wife, daughter to the renowned Count William of Naffou, Prince of Orange, by his wife, Charlotte de 'Bourbon, of the royal Houfe of France; by which marriage he flood allied to the Kings of France, and to the Houfes of Bourbon, Monpeflier, Bourbon, Conde, Dukes of An- jou, Kings of Naples and Sicily, Arch-duke of Auftria, Kings of Spain, Earls and Dukes of Savoy, Dukes of Milan, and to mofi of the fovereign Princes in Europe. By this, noble Lady, he had iffue three fons ; Charles, who fucceeded him, and Ed- ward and William, who both died voun^ and J O unmarried ; alfo three daughters, the eldeft, Lady Henrietta Maria, married to William, the great Earl of StrafFord, and died without ifTue ; the Lady Catharine, fecond daughter, married to Henry, Marquis of Dorchefter. and alfo died without iffue ; and the Lady C c c 2 Amelia 380 The HIS TOR Y of the Amelia, the youngeft, married to John Earl of Athol, and was Grandmother to his Grace, James, the prefent Duke of Athol. The taking away the blood of the noble Peer aforefaid, might have been efteemed by the world, a facrifice fufficient to have atton- ed for any fuppofed offences given by his Lady and innocent Children, who were in the Ifle of Man, at the time of his being taken out of the world, where it might have been concluded they were in a place of quiet and fecurity. But even this place of retirement was no fafeguard to them, for the wicked and reftlefs malice of their perfecutors, Bradfhaw, Rigby, and Birch, found them out there, and {truck at his furviving and afflicted Lady and Chil- dren, endeavouring and ufing all their power, to eradicate them and the whole noble Fami- ly, from the face of the earth. And to this purpofe had corrupted one Captain Chriftian, whom his Lordfhip had brought up from a child, and on his coming over to attend his Majefty King Charles II. entrufted HOUSE of STANLEY. 381 \ entrufted him with the command of all the foot foldiers in the ifland, as a guard and fe- curity of the place, and his diftrefled Lady and Children, whom he was charged to take efpecial care of. But the faid Chriftian proving a moft per- fidious and treacherous villain, had corrupt- ed the foldiers of both the caftles, as well as thofe under his command, promifing to de- liver up the ifland to the Parliament fhips and forces, when they appeared againft it. Upon which, Colonel Duckenfield and Birch, having commiflion from the junto at London, appeared before it with ten fhips, and fummoned the heroic Lady Derby to deliver up the ifland to them for the ufe of the Parliament. Her Ladyfhip having Sir Thomas Armftrong with her in Caftle-rufhen, whom her Lord had made Governor there, and his brother Governor of Peel-caftle, and being likewife confident of the integrity of Chriftian and the iflanders under him, refufed to furrender, without licence from the King. But The HISTORY of the But Chriftian having prepared his country- men for the execution of his treachery, that very night fuffered the forces to land without refinance, feized upon the Lady and her Children, with the Governors of both the Caflles, and the next morning brought them prifoners to Duckenfield and Birch; who told her Ladyfhip, that Chriftian had furren- dered the ifland upon articles, which her Ladyfliip defired to be favoured with a fight of, and on perufal thereof (he obferved, that the Ifle of Man was only yielded up, and that the iflands about it were not inclu- ded ; upon which (he requefted of Colonel Duckeniield and Birch, and efpecially of Chriftian, who had formed and acquiefced to thofe articles, that (he and her Children might have leave to retire to Peel-caflle, iituate in an ifland feparated from the main iiland by the fea : from whence (he propofed ihe might in fome little time, get over to her friends in France, Holland, or fome other place of red and refuge. 1 Etit (he was utterly denied that favour by her inhuman enemies, without regard to her companion for her children, refpecl to her HOUSE of STANLEY. 383 her quality, or even common civility, found any place for her relief. Thus this great and excellent Lady, whofe Religion, Virtue and Prudence, were not inferior to any woman upon record, was become a captive and prifo- ner, to her molt barbarous, malignant, and unmerciful enemies ; (he, who brought fifty thoufand pounds portion to this nation, has not now a morfel of bread for herfelf or de- folate children, but what was the charity of her impoverifhed and ruined friends. After which, (he and her children conti- nued prifoners in the ifland until his Majeily's happy Reiloration (enduring all thefe fuiier- ings with a generous relolution and C Khan patience) and then expected jullice againft her Lord's Murderers, her fon reitored to the fequeiirated eftates of his father, and fome compenfation for the imrnenfe loifcs and deveflation of her family; but failing of all, her great heart (overwhelmed wiih grief and endlefs for row) burfl in pieces, and ihe died at Knowfley-houfe, with that Chriftian temper and exemplary piety, in which (he had always lived. The 384 The HISTORY of the The late very eminent, but unhappy Lord, Earl James, was fucceeded in honour, by his eldeft fon, Charles, Lord Strange, as the eighth EARL of DERBY of his name; who, upon his acceflion to the eftate of his family, found it in the utmofl confufion and diforder : the ancient Houfe of Latham demolifhed, and all the eftate thereto belonging, under fequeftration ; the Houfe of Knowfley in little better condition; ruinous, out of re- pair, and great deveftations committed in the houfe, gardens and park ; and what was yet more deplorable, near one half of the eftate poffeffed by his father, fequeftrated and fold, and a little, or very fmall part of it. ever recovered ; of which, the legiflative juftice of both Houfes of Parliament had fo fenfible a knowledge, and fuch deep and compaflionate a concern for the fufferings of the late brave EARL of DERBY, his Lady and noble Family, that they unanimoufly patted a bill, in both houfes, to reftore Earl Charles to all his father's fequeftrated eftates, he repaying to the pofleflbrs, the inconiide- rable value given by them for their feveral purchafes, and they accounting with him for the profits received, during their pofleffion of any branch or part of it. But HOUSE of STANLEY. 385 But fo it was, that neither the fervices of his Father and Mother, nor the immenfe fums expended by them for his then Majefty Charles II. and for his Father's intereft and the fupport of his Crown and Dignity, nor the lofs of his own Father's Life, nor his faving and fecuring that of the reigning Prince, King Charles II. as before, nor any other intereft or confideration could prevail upon that ungrateful King to give his royal aflent to that ad ; fo that all thofe eftates were loft and feparated from the family for ever, which fo reduced the {aid Earl Charles, that he had Icarce fufficient left to fupport the honour and dignity of his character, as hereafter will appear. Infomuch that his eldeft fon and fucceflfor, Earl William, whom I had the honour to ferve feveral years as Houfhold Steward, hath often told me, that he poffeffed no eftate in Lancafhire, Cumberland, Weftmoreland, Yorkfhire, Chefhire, Warwickftiire, and Wales ; but whenever he viewed any of them he could fee another near or adjoining U> that he was in poffemon of, equal, or greater of value, loft by his Grandfather for 17 D d d his 3 86 The HISTORY of the his loyalty and fervice to the Crown and his Country. Charles, the prefent Earl before us, lived in a time of peace and tranquility, fo that I have nothing to remark of his achievements in a military life. He was a perfon of great affability, courteous to all, a good mailer, a kind landlord, and a loving friend and neighbour. He maried to his Lady, Dorothea Helena Rupa, a German Lady, of an ho- nourable family, but fmall fortune, which (he being fenfible of, ufed all her endeavours to repair that defect by her ceconomy, pru- dence and frugal management of her family, and all affairs under her care and infpeclion. By this Lady his Lordfhip had iffue, four fons and two daughters, viz. William, Ro- bert, James and Charles William, after his father's death, fucceeded him Robert and Charles died unmarried, and James, his third fon, fucceeded his brother William in the Earldom Charlotte, his fir ft' daughter, married Thomas, Lord Col,chefter, eldeft fon and heir of Thomas, Earl Rivers, and by him had ifTue only one daughter, who died young and unmarried ; and Mary, his fecond HOUSE of STANLEY. 387 fecond daughter, died unmarried ; and he himfelf died the twenty-firft of December, 1672, and was honourably depofited with his noble anceftors at Ormfkirk, near Latham. Having a 'little before taken notice of the great diforder the late Earl found his eflate in on his coming to the pofTeffion of it, give me leave before I proceed further, for the fatisfaclion of the reader and information of the hiftory and proceedings of thofe diftrac- ted times, to lay before him a few examples of thofe oppreflions laid upon and fuffered by this noble family, in manifeflation of my aflertion of their fufferings. D d d 2 ORMSKIRK [ 388 3 ORMSXIRK PARISH. ORDERS concerning LATHAM. s W T * o I o o > OfW"'"'.^ y_c 9 o *5 ^ fc ^ c b i? n. O C -~ O O [ 401 ] PRESTON. At the Committee, June n, 1646. To Mr. Peter Ambrofe. a TT is ordered, that thofe boards that have been lately employed in the Houfe at Latham, and now taken down and laid together by Captain Holt, (hall be forth- with carried to Liverpool for theufeofthe faid garrifon there, according as Lieutenant- Colonel John Amurft, now Governor of the faid garrifon, (hall think fit. J. Bradfhaw, V. G. Ireland, Peter Egerton, Richard Afheton, J. Fleetwood, Robert CunlirTe." 37 Fff ORMSKIRK, ORMSKIRK. At the Committee, April 30, 1647. U TT is ordered, that Mr. Peter Ambrofe (hall, upon fight hereof, deliver to Edward Chambers, Commiflary at Liver- pool, one pair of gates, with the (loops belonging thereunto, now at Latham-houfe, for to be employed for the ufe of the faid garrifon, as the Governor thereof fhall think fit. Peter Egerton, H. Fleetwood, Ralph Afheton, W. Afhurft." The HOUSE of STANLEY. 463" The feveral articles before-mentioned, have been abftra&ed from the book of Sequeftra- tions for the County of Lancafter, and are intended as fpecimens of the proceedings of thofe feditious and rebellious times, wherein Liberty and Property were words without meaning ; the Beggar upon a level with a Lord, and they of the houmold dividing the fpoil; the two noble Seats of Latham and Knowfley (fpacious enough for princely Pa- laces) demolimed and deftroyed, and the eftates thereto belonging, all under Sequef- tration, and the heavy load of 6ool. per An- num charged upon the firft, and feveral other manors before-mentioned; all which put to- gether, with many other devaluations and de- ftruclions by the ufurpers, reduced the noble Lord entitled thereto to a narrow and fcanty way of living, until the Lady Stanley afore- faid had married the Earl of Lincoln, and her younger fon James's death. When the EARL of DERBY obtained an A61 of Parliament to enable him to fell feveral manors, lands and chief rents, at Chidwall, Little Woolton, part of Dalton, and all Holland; with the chief rents of many other F f f 2 manor? 404 The HISTORY of the manors and townfhips, whereby he raifed a fum fufficient to purchafe the Countefs of Lincoln's annuity for life, and her fecond fon James's annuity, from his furviving brother Charles, who was then entitled to the whole; and with the payment of all arrears, and fe- curing to the faid Charles the future payment of the whole 6ool. per annum upon the ma- nor of Latham, only, he was admitted into the poileiiion of all the aforefaid manors and townfhips, pledged for the payment of the faid 6bol. per annum. All which, with fome improvements made by him, defcended on his deceafe to his eldeft fon William, Lord Strange, who then com- menced the ninth EARL of DERBY of this family, who was a Nobleman of polite educa- tion, great reading, and ftrong capacity, and a kind landlord to his tenants, but much averfe to any offices of truft or employment under the government, from the confideration of his family fufferings, byj,their .conftant ment to it, which induced him to country retirement, as He frequently declared upon many occafions, before any honour or preferments at court. He HOUSE of STANLEY. 405 He married to his Lady, Elizabeth, daugh- ter to Thomas, Earl of Gllory, g--anREB, dangh-. " ter of the Right Rev. Sir George Fleming, Bart. Lord.Bi&ep o 4 Carlifie. Catherine Stanley, Dorothy Stanley. Jofeu Stanley, Reclor ol Workingtoo, married Cla- sa, the daughter of Philipfon, of'Callgerth, in WeftmorelaEid,, GteatlenaaD. Stanley died Edward Stanley. JaBe Stanley. Clara Stank- Oiomas. Stanley died un- d, William HOUSE ofi STANLEY. 4 , William Stanley died young. *Hok Stanley, Lt. ilf Briga- dier Gen. Viillk**orth j s re- gimenf of foot, unmarried. - Richard died unmarried* Dorothy Stanley, married Huddlefton Park, of Whit- bcck, in Cumberland/jQent. ./- Ifabel Stanley, married John Kilpatrick, of White- haven, in Cumberland, Gent. Loveday Stanley, ufimar- ried. - Elizabeth Stanley, married Richard Cook, of Gamer- ton, in Cumberland, Efq. I have to obferve farther of Thomas Stanley, Matter of the Mint, that Sir Edward Herbert, younger foil to William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, married Mary, the daugh- ter and fole heir of Thomas Stanley of Stan- don, in the county of Hertford, Efq. in the year 1570, youngeft fon of Thomas Stanley, of Dalegarth, in the cotintv of Cumberland, Efo. THE THE PEDIGREE and POSTERITY OF ^ SIR THOMAS StANLEYj Second fon of Sir John Stanley the firll, By Ifabd de Latham. '""PHIS gentleman married to his lady, Maud, the only daughter of, and heir to, Sir John Ardern, of El ford, in the county of Stafford, by whom he became pofleffed of a fine feat and plentiful fortune, and made that the refidence of the family whilft the male line continued, \vho made a moft eminent figure in military life. By his lady he had iffue a fon, named John, who fucceeded him in honour and eftate. Sir John Stanley, fucceffor to his father Sir Thomas, married three wives, but by the two firft had no iffue living. By his third marriage, which was to Douce, the daughter of Leigh of Baggaley, he had one fon, named John. Sir HOUSE of STANLEY. 433 Sir John, fon of the above Sir John, had iflue a fon, named Humphrey, but by whom, record as well as hiftory, are both filent, farther than that the faid Sir John , died in the year 1509, and was fucceeded by his faid fon. Sir Humphrey Stanley being a martial man, and of great experience, was fent by King Henry VII. in the year 1495, againft John, Lord Audley, and other oppofers of that Prince, aflembled on Black-heath, in Kent, where he entirely defeated them, but died that year, leaving a fon and heir, called Sir John Stanley, of Pipe. This Sir John Stanley, of Pipe, married Margaret, the daughter of Sir Thomas Ger- rard, and by her had iffue two daughters only, by which the male line of this moft worthy houfe was extin6l. 4 But the elder daughter marrying to one Roger Stanley, of Alderley, in the county of Chefler,' had iffue by him a fon, named 'Roger, and filled Roger Stanley, of Alder- ley, in the county of Chefter. 19 K k k Roger 434 Tke HISTORY of the Roger Stanley, fon of the firfl Roger, married Jane, the daughter ojfe^f. Clarke, of the county of York, and by her had a fon named John, and filled John Stanley of Alderley, in the county of Chefter. John, the fon of the above Roger, after- wards Sir John Stanley, of Alderley, in the county of Chefter, married Mary, the daugh- ter of Marberry, and by her had ifliie two fons, Thomas and Edward. Sir Thomas, the elder brother, (tiled Sir Thomas Stanley, of Nether Alderley, in the county of Chefter, married Elizabeth, daughter to Sir Peter Warbur'ton, and by her had iffue, a fon, named Thomas. Sir Edward the younger brother, was a martial man, and received the honour of knighthood in the Low Countries, for his great fervices performed there, but was after- wards (lain in Ireland, in the year 1586. Sir Thomas, his elder brother, by Mrs. Warburton, fucceeded his father, and had ilfue a fon, named Thomas, but by whom I am HOUSE of STANLEY. 435 am not informed, further than that Sir Thomas, fon of the above Sir Thomas, had alfo a fon named James, but by whom I cannot difcover. James, fon of the above Sir Thomas, I conceive to be the late Sir James Stanley, of Alderley ; but have not been favoured by the family, with any account thereof, although requefted. K k k 2 THE THE GENEALOGY AND ISSUE O F SIR JOHN STANLEY II, CIR Thomas Stanley, the only fon of Sir John abovefaid, by Mrs. Harrington, was (Comptroller of the Houfliold to King Henry VI. who appointed him Lord Lieu- tenant of Ireland, as his grandfather had been. He married to his Lady, one of the daughters and co-heirs of Sir Robert Gou- fhell, and by her had iffue three fons : Tho- mas, John and James, all of whom in their order, after acquainting the reader that he was by the fame King created Lord Stanley, and from him fprung the EARLS of DERBY, his pofterity and fucceflbrs. Thomas his eldeft fon, fucceeded him in the honour and Lordfhip of Stanley ; and was by King Henry VII. created EARL of DERBY, the HOUSE of STANLEY. 437 the further hiftory of whofe life, and me- morable a&ions, we have fully related in the firft part of this book. ' John Stanley, fecond fon of the faid Lord Stanley, married Elizabeth, the daughter and heir of Thomas Wever, Efq. and had iffue by her, a fon (tiled Thomas Stanley, of Wever, Efq. and James his third fon, was Arch- deacon of Chefter. Thomas Stanley of Wever, and fon of John Stanley aforefaid, married a daughter of Tho- mas Leverfedge, of Wheelock, Efq. and by her had a fon named Thomas Stanley of We- ver. Thomas Stanley, the fon of the above Tho- mas, by Mrs. Leverfedge, married one of the daughters of Thomas Davenport, Efq. and by her had three fons, Thomas, John and Ralph. Thomas the eldefl fon, in 1508, married Urfula, fifter to Sir Hugh Cholmondeley, and by her had a fon named Ralph. John, his brother, married a daughter of Ward, Efq. And 4 : o8 The HISTORY of the And Ralph, the third brother, married a daughter of Holland, of Holland, in the county of Lancafler, Efq. Ralph Stanley, ofWever, by Mrs. Chol- mondeley, married Margaret, the daughter of John Mafterfon, of Namptwich, Efq. and by her had ifTue, two fons, Thomas, and Ralph, and one daughter named Mary. Thomas Stanley, eldeft fon of Ralph, four years old in 1580, and died in 1605, aged twenty-nine years. He married Elizabeth, the daughter of Warburton, Efq. and by her had iiTue, one fon named Thomas. Thomas, the fon of the laft Thomas and grandfon of Ralph, ftiled Thomas Stanley, of Alderley, Efq. 1637, married Elizabeth, the daughter of James Pitts, of Kere, Efq. of the county of Wighorn, alias Worefter, but what iflue he had by her, I am not informed, but take this to be the pedigree and genealogy of the Stanleys, of Park, in, or near Alderley* THE THE GENEALOGY and POSTERITY OF PETER STANLEY, ESQUIRE, Second fon of Sir William Stanley, of Hooton, By Ann, the daughter of Sir James Harrington. HPHIS gentleman was the next collateral branch to that of Dalegarth, in the county of Cumberland, of the honourable and fpreading family of Hooton, in Wirral : he married to his wife, Elizabeth, the daugh- ter and heir of James Scarfbrick, of Moor- hall, Efq. in the parim of Aughton, by Mar- garet his wife, the only daughter and heir of Thomas Atherton, of Bickerflaff, and by her had ifTue four fons and two daughters ; viz. Thomas, James, Robert, Edward, Bridget and Mary, his daughters,, of all which in their order. But 440 The HISTORY of the But firft give me leave to acquaint my rea- ders, that the faid Peter Stanley, the father, was an eminent royalift, and joined his inte- reft and force with that of his noble relation, James, EARL of DERBY, and fhared with him greatly in the fury and violence of thofe un- happy times, being imprifoned, and his eftate fequeftered, to the great impoverimment and lofs of himfelf and family ; and although he efcaped with life, was greatly reduced to the time of the happy reftoration : as by the fol- lowing addrefs of his fix children, to thofe dif- pofers of other mens fortunes at their plea- fure, viz. Wigan in the County of Lancafter. By the Commiflioners for Sequ^ftration, Febru- ary 14, 1650. a T TPON the petition of Thomas, James, Robert, Edward, Bridget and Mary Stanley, fons and daughters of Mr. Peter Stanley, defiring a fifth part of their father's eftate towards their maintenance, and that it may be fet forth in fpecie or particulars : it is therefore ordered, that the agents for fe- queflration, HOUSE of STANLEY. 441 queftration, where the petitioners father's eftate lieth, fhall allow unto the petitioners one full fifth part of their faid father's eftate, together with the arrears thereof due, fince December 24, 1649, deducting a due propor- tion for all lays and taxations, and obferving the inftruclions concerning fifth parts. P. Holt, G. Pigot. Intra, Edzoard Wall" The fifth part of the faid Peter's eftate be- ing obtained by his children as aforefaid, Pe- ter their father died, and was buried in his own chapel, at Ormfkirk, July 24, 1652, .and was fucceeded by Edward his fon, who in his father's life- time, married the only daughter and heir of Houghton, of Goofnargh, Efq. and by her had iffue feveral fons and daughters, the eldeft whereof was Peter Stan- ley. The faid Peter Stanley, married a daugh- ter of Wolfall, of Wolfall, Efq. and by her had three fons, Edward, Thomas and William, but how his younger fons were dif- 19 L 1 1 pofed 142 The HISTORY of the pofed of in the world I cannot difcover, nor who his daughters married. But find that Edward, his eldeft fon, mar- ried the only daughter and heir of Ger- rard, Efq of Aughton, by whom he had two fons, William and James ; William, his eldeft fon, died young, and was buried in his fa- ther's chapel at Ormfkirk. And was fucceeded by James, his fecond fon, who had iffue a fon, named Edward, but by whom I cannot difcover; alfo two daughters, Ann and Elizabeth; and the faid James the father died in the year 1653, and was buried in his own chapel the firft of January that year at Ormfkirk. Ann, his eldeft daughter, married Richard Wolfall, Efq. but by him had no ifTue, and died in the year 1730, aged eighty years and upwards: and Elizabeth, her younger fifter, died unmarried; and whether Edward their brother evermarried, or to whom, I am not in- formed of, for fmce the taking away the court of wards, in the time of King Charles II. all hiftory of families and their predeceffors and lineal HOUSE of STANLEY. 443 lineal fucceffors are laid afide in the herald's offices, where they were wont to be preferved, and nothing is now more to be found or met with but what the parifh regifters contain, of the birth or death of fuch a perfon at fuch a time, &c. L1I 2 THE THE GENEALOGICAL HISTORY OF THE BARONS OF STRANGE, of KNOCKING, in SALOP. T^HE hiftory and full defcription of this very antient and honourable family, will, from its long duration and many inter-mar- riages with the leading nobility, be attended with much difficulty in giving the reader a true and intelligible idea thereof, infomuch that I find myfelf conftrained to introduce it by that of the Earls Palatine of Chefter, with- out which (as I conceive) he wiH never right- ly apprehend how the family of Derby be- came entitled to, and dignified with the fe- veral honours I have annexed to it in the hiftory of James, the laft Earl of that honour- able houfe. THE C 445 ] THE EARLS PALATINE or CHESTER. THE firft whereof was' Hugh Lupus, Ne- phew to William the Conqueror, who gave to him the city and county of Chefter, and conferred upon it the honour and dignity of a County Palatine, with Barons under him, and a Chamberlain, or Chancellor of all his Courts, with all other proper officers atten- dant thereon, as a principality. Richard the eldeft fon of Hugh Lupus, was fecond Earl of Chefter, but being acci- dentally drowned, continued not long in that honour. The third Earl was John Bohun, who had married Margaret, filter to Hugh Lupus, ftiled Countefs of Cumberland, by whom he had a fon named Randulph, and was fucceed- cd by him. Randulph 446 The HISTORY of the Randolph Bohun, his fon by Margaret, Countefs of Cumberland, commenced the fourth Earl of Chefter, in the twenty firft year of Henry I. 1120, and died in the year 11303 and wasfucceeded by his fon Randolph. Randulph, the fecond of that name, and fon of the former, was the fifth Earl of Chef- ter, and continued to the year 1152, and dy- ing that year, was fucceeded by Hugh, called Kavelock, his fon, as fixth Earl of Chefter, who had the misfortune to be taken prifoner, but ranfomed in the year 1174, and died in the year 1180, leaving iffue one fon and four daughters. And was fuceeeded by Randolph his fon, furnamed Blundeville, who was the feventh and lad Earl of Chefter, of the Lupus line, but had conferred upon him the Earldom of Lincoln, and died in the year 1232, and -was buried with his anceftors at Chefter. When Maud, the elded daughter of Hugh, called Kavelock, Earl of Chefter, had mar- ried David, fon to the King of Scots, who died in 1219, and left iffue a fon named John, iurnamed HOUSE of STANLEY. 447 furnamed Scott, who was alfo Earl of Chef- ter, in right of his mother, but died in the year 1237, by which the Earldom of Chefter expired with him. By King Henry III. taking that Earldom, into his own hands, and annexing it to the crown (as being too popular in the hands of a fubjeft) from which time the King's elded fon has been ftiled Earl of Chefter, Duke of Cornwall, and Prince of Wales. Now if any reader here has a curiofity to know the further particulars of the Earls of Chefter, I muft refer him to their hiftory, and proceed to (hew the occafion I had to bring them in, by way of introduction to the hiftory of the Barons of Stanley. By informing the reader that Hawifle, the fourth daughter of Hugh Bohun, alias Kave- lock, Earl of Chefter, married to Robert,, Lord Quinfey, Earl of Lincoln, defcended lineally from Robert. Lord Quinfey, who came into England with William the Con- queror. This 4/8 1f:e HI STORY of the This Robert, Lord Quinfey, Earl of Lin- coln, had iffue by Hawiffe his wife two daughters; Margaret the eideft daughter, married to John Lacy, Baron of Halton, And the fecond daughter married to Hugh Audley, Baron of Healey caftle, in the county of Stafford, a near relation to the Houfe of Stanley. John Lacy, Baron of Halton, had iffue by Margaret his wife, the eideft daughter, and one of the coheirs of the faid Robert, Lord Quinfey, a fon named Edmund, who fucceeded his father in honour and eftate. This Edmund was likewife Baron of Hal- ton, and married Ifabel, the daughter of the Marquis of Saluce, by whom he had iffue a daughter named Elinor, who married to Ebulo, Lord Strange, of Knocking, who had iffue by her in 1335, temp. Edward III. a fon named Robert, whofe mother Elinor . dying foon after, Ebulo, Lord Strange, his father, married to his fecond wife, Alice, the daughter and heir of Henry Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, and widow of Thomas Plantage- net, HOUSE of STANLEY. 449 net, Earl of Lancafter, who died in the year 1322, as by Mr. Mills, page 945, and Mr. York, page 193. Robert, Lord Strange, the fon of Ebulo aforefaid, fucceeded his father in the Baro- nies of Strange, of Knocking, and of Hal- ton, and married to his wife, one of the daughters and coheirs of Thomas, Lord Baf- fet, by whom he had iffue a fon named Roger. Roger, Lord Strange, the fon of the a- bove Robert, married the only daughter and heir of Hugh, Lord Barnwell, by whom he had iffue a fon named John. John, Lord Strange, the fon of the a- bove Roger, by Lady Barnwell, married Maud, the daughter of J. Lord Mohun, by whom he had iffue a fon named Richard. The faid Lord Mohun, had two fifters, Phillippa, who married Edward, Duke of York, and Elizabeth, married William Mon- tague, Earl of Salifbury. 39 M m m Richard. - 45 o The HIS TO RY of tht Richard, Lord Strange, the fon of the above John, married to his Lady the daugh- ter of Sir Reynold Cobham, of Scarfbo- rough, in the county of York, by whom he had a fon called John, Lord Strange, the fon of Richard. John, Lord Strange, the fon of Richard, married to Jacoline, one of the daughters and coheirs of Richard Woodville, Earl Rivers, and fifter-in-law to King Edward IV. and by her had iffue one daughter only, called Jane, and fole heir to the Baronies of Strange and Mohun. This Lady Jane, married Sir George Stanley, the el deft furviving fon of Thomas, the firflEARL of DERBY, who had iflue by her three fons and two daughters, Elizabeth, and Eleanor; he died in his father's life-time. When Thomas, his eldeft fon fucceeded him in the Baronies of Strange, Mohun, Barn'well, Balfet, and Lacy, and upon his grandfather's death fucceeded him in the Earldom of Derby, as before-mentioned. John HOUSE of STANLEY. 451 John, the fecond Ton of George, Lord Strange, died without iffue. But James, his third fon had iflue one fon named George, but by whom hiftory and record are filent on that head, but very full in the character of his merit, valour and military performances, being thereby advan- ced to the honour and dignity of Knight i of Ireland, and the common an- .- of the houfe of Grange Gorman, in i xing'lo'Ti of Ireland. See Barlow's hif- t /. But of this gentleman more here- Sir George Stanley, called the black Stan- ley (whom I have juft before mentioned) was the fon of James Stanley, Efq. fecond fon of George, Lord Strange. This gentleman was a moft martial and valiant man in the field, and a wife councel- lor in the clofet; his boldnefs and refolu- tion in action were not to be withftood; he was an utter enemy to the Irifh, info- much that his name was a terror to them, and when he engaged them their cry was M m rn " Pagh 452 The HISTORY of the " Pagh Chrim faave me cramochree." And happy was he that could get away fooneft. None came thither before him more hardy, nor expofed himfelf to more danger nor hazard of life than he; until he had fully reduced the rebellious fons of that nation to the King his matter's obedience, for which he was greatly honoured and efteem- ed, and had for his bravery and eminent fervices conferred upon him the high office of Knight-marfhal of Ireland, which he long enjoyed, and executed with the greateft honour and commendation, and was a great addition to his worth and memory. He be- came the founder and common anceftor of the Stanley's of Grange Gordan in that kindom, whofe poflerity are ftill fubfifting in perfon of Sir John Stanley, one of the honourable commhTioners of his Majefty's cuftoms, London; and upon his deceafe in a good old age. and lading reputation, he was interred by his very great and honour- able relation Sir John Stanley I. whofe memory (fays my author, the Right Rev. Thomas Stanley, Lord Bp. of Sodor and Man) ought never to be forgotten. The HOUSE of STANLEY. 453 The next collateral branch falling in courfe, is the iffue left by the great Sir Wil- liam Stanley, who fuffered death in the reign of King Henry VII. whofe perfonal hiftory hath been fully related ; but hath not yet recited that of his poflerity, of whom I am able to difcover no more than one fon, named William, who married Jane, the fole daugh- ter and heir of Sir Geoffrey Mafley of Tat- ton, in the County of Chefler, but what iflue he had by this Lady, or how long this branch continued, I cannot difcover. The^next collateral branch I meet with, is ftiled Sir Edward Stanley, of Eufnam, in the county of Oxford. This gentleman was the only fon of Sir Thomas Stanley, fecond fon to Edward EARL of DERBY, by Margaret, one of the daughters and coheirs of Sir George Vernbn of Haddon, in the county of Derby, and had the above eitate, with many others, fettled upon him in remainder, after his father and mother, by his faid grandfather Edward. W T ho 454 The HISTORY of the Who this gentleman married I am not in- formed, but find that he did marry and had iflue three daughters, Petronella, Frances and Venetia, but no iflue male ; by which this branch became extinct in the Stanley family ; and, as I am informed, the eftate alfo, by divifion amongft the faid daughters and their iflue. In the next place I find that Henry, EARL of DERBY, and fucceflbr to the aforefaid Earl Edward, had a natural fon called Fran- cis Ferdinand, on whom he fettled Whittle, in the parifh of Bury, where he afterwards lived, and alfo Broughton, near Manchefler. Who he married I cannot be informed, but find at his death, that he left a fon named Henry, who mortgaged Broughton to James Cheetham of Turton, Efq. and that George Cheethem of Smedley, Efq. paid off the faid Mortgage, and purchafed the manor of Broughton, with its appurtenances, from the faid Henry Stanley, who, it is imagined, married a daughter of the aforefaid Peter Stanley ; or in other words, that a daughter of Peter Stanley, married one of the Stan- leys HOUSE tf STANLEY. 455 leys of Latham, but which of them I am not able to difcover. The next collateral branch I meet with of the whole blood is Sir Robert Stanley, fe- cond foil to William, EARL of DERBY, and younger brother to James the Martyr. He married Elizabeth, one of the daughters of the Lord Widrington, and by her had iflue two fons, Charles and James ; James, the fecond fon died without iffue, but Charles the elder brother had iffue a fon named William, and that the faid Charles is long fmce dead, and that William his fon like- wife died .without iffue about the year 1691 or 1692, whereby this branch became ex- tinB. The next and laft collateral branch I have to treat of iffuing out of this antient and honourable houfe, as far as I can collect or be informed, is the noble Lady Emelia Stanley, the third daughter to James, EARL of DERBY, by his renowned and mod emi- nent Lady Charlotte de la Tremouille. This 456 The HISTORY of the This Lady married John, Earl of Athol^ afterwards Marquis of Athol, by whom he had iffue a fon born at Knowfley the 24th of Febuary, 1659, and was baptized by the name of John, the eighth of March fol- lowing. Alfo a daughter born at Knowfley, the fe- cond day of April, and baptized the fixth of the fame month, by the name of Char- lotte. Alfo another fon born at Knowfley, the eighth day of May, and was baptized by the name of James, the twenty-fir!! day of May, 1663. Thus far of this noble branch from whom his Grace, James the prefent Duke of Athol is defcended, who being the laft and mod noble remainder of the very ancient and honourable houfe of Stanley, and alfo pof- feffed of the mod princely branch of their extenfive fortune, the reader may juftly expect I mould give him the genealogical hiftory of this mod noble houfe, otherwife he may remain a {hanger to the antiquity and HOUSE of S TA NL E Y. 45 7 and honour of it, and that by their intermar- riages therewith, the honour of the Houfe of Stanley was not diminifhed, which I (hall endeavour to manifeft in the cleared and ful- left manner I am enabled from manufcript, hiflory, and record. * Murray, in Latin Moravia, is one of the north-eaftern (hires of the kingdom of Scot- land, of great extent from eaft to weft ; on the north it has the German Ocean, and Murray Frith; on the eaft Buchan; on the fouth Athol and Marr; and on the weft Lo- quabar. It is in length ninety Scotifh miles, and in its greateft breadth thirty miles; the principal town is Elgin, an ancient bifhop's fee, under the Archbifhop of St. Andrew's, but is commonly ftiled Bimop of Murray, and not of Elgin. Murray is one of the ancienteft as well as moft numerous houfe in Scotland. Some hiftorians write that they derive their origi- nal from Germany, and from part of it called Moravia; however that be, it is agreed that they firft planted in that part of Scotland 20 N n n called * From ths great Hiftcrical, Geographical and Poetical Di&ionary, 458 The HISTORY of , called the fiiire or county of Murray, to which they gave name; but what follows is copied from -hiilories, records, and char- ters. The family of Tullibardine has been repu- ted chief of this name, which is now in the perfon of John, Marquis of Athol, 1694, this family being united with that of Athol, by his grandfather William Earl of Tulli- bardine's marriage with Dorothy eldefl daughter of John Stuart the fifth Earl of Athol. The Marquis's firft predecefTor of the family of Tullibardine, was Congal, who got the barony of Tullibardine, with his wife Ada, from Robert Earl of Strathorn, which was confirmed to them by a charter from King Alexander II. 1234, which char- ter is ftill extant and is dated at Scoon, April the tenth; the witneffes, Vv'iliiam Archbifhop of Glafgow, Chancellarius; Alexander Abbot of Melrofs; Alexander Abbot of Couper. The grandaughter of Congal called alfo Ada, had the barony of Tullibardine con- firmed HOUSE of STANLEY. 459 firmed to her by another charter, which re- lates her being married to Sir William Mur- ray, ion to Sir Malcolm Murray, who was fecond fon to Murray of Bothwell. Sir Wil- liam had by his wife, Sir Malcolm, who fucceeded him in the barony of Tullibardine, which continues in the fame name and fa- mily, by a direct line of heirs male, being ratified and confirmed by charters from fevc- ral fucceeding Kings. Murray of Bothwell's eldefl fon called Thomas, had an only daughter, married to Archibald Black, the Earl of Douglas, and his third fon called Andrew, was father to that Andrew who married King Robert Bruce, and was governor of Scotland, in the troublefome times of King David Bruce's minority; and there is yet remaining on the caftle of Bothwell the Murray's Arms cut in flone, as the family of Tullibardine ftill bears. Buchanan and Spotwood's hiftories men- tion Sir William Murray of Tullibardine offering himfelf to accept the challenge of the Earl of Bothwell, after refufiqg,.of his N n-n 2 brother 4 So The HISTORY of the brother at the head of Queen Mary's army near Mufsleborrgugh, for deciding the truth of that Earl's being guilty of the murder of PLing Henry, who was hufband to the faid Queen. This Sir William married Jane, daughter of the Lord Graham, by whom he had Sir John, afterwards Earl of Tulli- bardine, and five daughters ; the lady Ara- bella Countefs of Marr, the Lady Claikma- nan, Lady Aberearny, Lady Rofyth, and Lady Fodrell Henderfon. Sir John Murray created Earl of Tullibar- dine, by King James VI. married Catharine Drummond, daughter to the Lord Drum- rnond, and had by her afterwards William Earl of Tullibardme, Patrick, and Mungo, who was created Vifcount of Stormount, and five daughters, Ann Countefs of Kinghorn, now Straihmore the Lady Grant, Lady W T enchton, Lady Gleneagles, and Lady Bel- nagowan. In this Sir John's time the peace of the country being diiturbed by depredations, and there happening alfo fome differences amongft thofe of the name of Murray, they had HOUSE of STANLEY. 461 had a general Meeting, wherein they agreed that Sir John (hould be arbitrater of all their, differences, and determine all their caufes, as well civil as criminal; and obliged them-- felves to aflift him when required, in freeing the country from the depredations, againit whom he alfo obliged himfelf to protect them. This paper is fubfcribed by Sir Andrew Murray of Arngothe, Murray of Aberear- ney, and moft of the confiderablc heads of the family, dated at Tullibardine, 1586. William the eldefl fon of the faid Sir John Murray, Earl of Tullibardine, being accidentally with feveral gentlemen of his name at a wedding in Perth, when John, Earl of Gowry was killed in i6co: did, with their affiftance refcue King James VI. from the danger he was in by a tumult of the inhabitants after the death of the faid Earl, who had been their proved; for u fervice his Majefty did, by a writing under his own hand, confer the dignity of {her iff of Perthfliire, upon the faid William and his heirs. 462 The HISTORY of the heirs, which has continued in the family fmce. This William married Dorothy Stuart, daughter to John Stuart -the fifth Earl of Athol, whofe fon was John Earl of Athol, father to this prefent Marquis, whofe prede- ceffor by the faid Dorothy, of the houfe of Athol was James Stuart, commonly called the black Knight of Lorn, lineally deicended from Walter, the great Stuart of Scotland, who gave the firname of Stuart to his pof- terity, and of whom Robert the firft of that firname King of Scotland defcended. i This James Stuart married Jane, Queen Dowager of King James I. who was daughter to John, Duke of Somerfet, third fon to John- of Gaunt, fon to King Edward III. of Eng- land, to which James Stuart, (he bore John, created Earl of Athol, by King James II. his brother by the mother's fide. Hauthorden's hiftory, fifth of James, Page 47. The title having fallen into the King's hands by the forfeiture of the former Stuart, Earl of Athol, who had no fucceffion, the Cummings having borne HOUSE of STANLEY. T 463 borne the title before them, which is all that ^ hiflory make mention of. . / There is alfo a charter d4te/l in the year 1460, wherein the faid King James grants to John, Earl of Athol, eldefl fon to the afore- faid James, the Lordfhip of Balveny, in por- tion with Margaret Douglas, commonly cal- led the Fair Maid of Galloway, in which charter the King calls this Earl his brother. The fame hiftory, page 66, gives an account of this marriage, and calls her the Lady Beatrix, inftead of Margaret. In 1461, Donald, of the ifles, proclaimed himfelf King of the ifles, in King James the third's minority, and poflefled himfelf of the town and cattle of Invernefs, put the country under contribution, and furprized the v caftle of Blare, with the Earl of Athol, and his Lady. Buchanan, and Hauthorden. In 1470, the fame Earl of Athol, being made Lord Lieutenant by King James III. reduced Donald of the ifles, and brought him to fubmit to the King's clemency, from which aftion the Earl of Athol had the motto, 464 The HISTORY of the motto, " Furth Fortune, and fill the Fetters. Hauthorden's hi (lory, page 87. This John, Earl of Athol, after the death of Margaret Douglas, by whom he had only one daughter, who was married to the Lord Gray, took to his fecond wife, Eleanor Sin- clair, daughter to the Earl of Orkney and Cathnefs, by whom he had John, who fuc- ceeded, and four daughters; the Countefs of Sunderland, Countefs of Crawford, Lady Tullibardine, and Lady Glenurghey. John Stuart, fecond Earl of Athol, mar- tied Jane Campbell, daughter to the Earl of Argyle, by whom he had John Stuart, who fucceeded. This Earl was killed at the bat- tle of Floddon-field, affifling King James IV. againii the Englifh. Hauthorden, Janu- ary 4. John Stuart, third Earl of Athol, married the heirefs of Ratray, by whom he had John-, who fucceeded, and three daughters; the Countefs of Lenox, grandmother to King Henry, and mother to King James IV, HOUSE of STANLEY. 465 VI. the Countefs of Crawford, and Countefs of Errol. v John the fourth Earl of Athol, and chan- cellor of Scotland, married Gordon, daugh- ter to the Earl of Huntley, who dying with- out children, he married Dorothy Fleming, and had by her John, who fucceeded, and four daughters; Lady Lovet, Lady Salton, Lady Glenurghey, and Lady Weems. This Earl adhered to Queen Mary's in- tereft, till after the murder of King Henry, and then he was theoccafion of the nobility's entering into a bond for the prefervation of the young Prince, King James VI. and com- manded part of the army againft her at Pinky. He died and was buried in the high church at Edinburgh, in 1579. See Spot- wood's hiftory. John, the fifth Earl of Athol, married Mary Rathven, elded daughter to William, Earl of Gowry, by his wife, Dorothy Stuart, daughter to Henry Stuart, Lord Methwin, and Margaret, Queen Dowager of King James IV. and daughter to Henry VII. Kin true and mojl famous Chronicle, C ET forth without any fraud or addultring flatterage (as fome of our chronicles do) of the noble and noteable afts of the Stan- leys ungentlye be left oute of other chro- nicles, and yett as worthie to be notified, marked and regiftered for an excellent me- mory all as others be, for aclyvenefs and martiall deeds, and ready, if need require, to be proved matter of true effect, both by teftimonie of writing and record of honeft men yett living, that have feen and kno^n a good part thereof, and to much pity and ihame it fhould now be forgotten or left out, as in other chronicles they be, which doth difclofe an afie&ion in the writers, and may 20 P p p well . 474 T/ie HISTORY of the well be judged and called flatterage, which is an evil office: it declareth alfoe the Stan- ley's defcent, and how and by what means they came by that name of Stanley, and the commencement thereof in good and perfect, agragated and compiled by Thomas Stanley, by the permiflion of God, Bifhop of Man alias Soder, in the year of our Lord God 1562. Among all delights and worldly comfort is to heare of our aunceflors great name, pleafeth and reifeath a good natural harte, foe that flattery and lyes be utterly abolifhed, and only the truth (hall herein be moved, as by juft record truely and well may be proved, not as fome chronicles utfjuflly ufe Batterings, renowninge the worthy with them. I would fuch unjud writers for their untrue fmatterings would offer themfelves unto St. Thomas Waternfon, but truth noe man can be offended at, not truth of right ought not to be reprehended but in martial way, hardy harts for fuch ftoryes be often wakeing in reading, or to heare now and then the ftoute prowes of fome valiant man, and great pitty it (hould not be in record. for HOUSE of STANLEY. 4.75 for firft it bringeth the dead a noble fame and word, and allfoe to the heires thereof, giving them harts like enterprise to atchyve in their Prince's fervice dareing for no coft, but adventureth though land and life fhould be loft, and of land and life maketh no comparifon to a valiant acl right manfully done: true record of writinge is neceffary as appeareth by many a goodly (lory, without writinge all fame mould be loft at once; the ftoute hardy men might be compared to the Hones ; the genitors is the chief caufe of hardines, which in fine, is the cheife caufe of forwardnefs as Stanleys do fpecifie, what wonders hardy men have done for their lady's fake, writinge of chronicles 'tis well re- ferved if Dame Fame follow well defarved. As for their honefty and truth to praife the valiant prowes of the (tout Stanleys hero- icke aftions, and how they had the name, I will plainely and truely unfold to you by the following poems: P p p z " THEIR C 476 ] H 'THHEIR names be Awdley, of verry right * ' difcent, I fhall mew you how, if you give good intent, As quickly as I can, without more delay, How the name was changed and called Stanley. In ancienttyme, much more then two hundred years, Was our Lord Awdley, as by ftoryes doth appear, Awdley by creation, alfo by name Awdley, Then haveinge a Lordfhipp that is yet called Stanley^ Which Lordfhipp he gave unto his fecond fon For valliant als that before he had done. Their this man dwelled many a daye, And many yeares was called, Awdley of Stanley. Afterward he marryed the heire of Scurton, And when Scurton dyed, thithe-r he went to v/onn, And then he was called, Stanley of Scurton; The which name fticketh flill to all his fucceflion. It chanced afterwards a goodly man to his fonn, Efpoufed the daughter and heire of Hutton; And afterwards at Hutton, as chaunce him befawled Hee dwelt, and Stanley of Hutton was he called. One C 477 ] One doth continue at this prefent daye, Prayinge God that forthwith worfhippe longe it may; Thus fure undoubted, their firft name was Awdley a And thus forward by cuftome called Stanley. And after a fecotid fdnn of Huttori chaunced, By valyant als was hjighly advanced. To the Englifh court came the Admiral of Henod, With gentlemen of France, to prove their man- hoode; One of them callejfthe beft wfth fpeare and (hield, The Kinge fent jJEn Stanley to meet him in the field. jf" He was allfoe named the chiefe of all France, But this flout Stanley had fuch fortune and chance ; He did not only put his enemye to lack, But he allfoe flew him, and broke his horfe's back. More gentlemen of England did there worthily^, For each one over his enemye gott viftory; Frenchmen for their adventure may themfelves blame, Tho' they went not all home, yet they went with fhame. And for this aft the Kinge made John Stanley knight, For that he perceaved him a man of great might; And for his hardy feate he gave him for his heire, Wing, Tring and Jump, in Buckinghamshire. Then [ 478 ] Then of the Kinge he defyred moft earneftly, Lycencc to pafs the feas, adventures to try; The King therwith all was verry well content, And laudablye allowed him for his manly intent, Thus over the fea Sir John Stanley is gone, Straight to French court, but meddle with him would none ; The Admiralls journey was not yett forgotten, plow he and his Compeeres were right well beaten'; For which they beare Sir John Stanley malice and fpyte, But to reincounter with him none had delight. His jolly entertainment of the French King, Was honourable and free in every maner of thing, And gave him pleafure and gifts right bountifullye, With good gold and iilver plentifullye ; To maintayne his ftout and liberaH expences. Thus jolly Stanley departed thence is, And vifited all courts in Chriftendome; And to the Turkes court personally did come, Still gettinge great honour thereof did not fayle ; Againft all thofe that in armes durft him aflayle. To England apace bimfelf doth indeavour, With renown and honour to worthylyc for ever, And did attempt all the courts in Chriftendome, And whon honour in each place where he did come, Not [ 479 ] Not fitting in houfc with pen, inke and paper; But incampe advanced thro' great adventure, I do not fpeake any man to defpife, That enhanced by pen or marchandife; For both mufl be had, and both verry necefTary, And both worthy of prayfe, tho' the feats do varyc But to fay truth, that man rifinge ought to be pray fed, That by hardy ah unto honour is rayfed; For of them he made books, both in profe and ryme, Of others not foe, yet ferves for the tyme; Though of them have come divers full valyant, Yet they may not their original fo advaunt : Nor foe largely fet forth their renown foe farre, As thofe whofc commencement have come by warre. Thus is returned Sir John Stanley home agayne, Whereof the Kinge and nobles were glad andfayne, Who heard of his valiant als more and more, A.11 forts of people honored him highely therefore. Now agayne with the firft Earle I make my end, To tell truth of his deede fhould no man offend, For there is noe doubt when lowe laid is the head, As we deferve Dame Fame, fuch report will fpredd, Lett us truft no lefs in this world and the next, God rewards noe man'*; perfon, as fayeth the texte Syth C 480 ] Syth I have declared heretofore plainlye, Of his worthy afts and noble chivallrye; I will fomewhat in other matters procede, Of his edyfications I will fpeak in verry deed. Firft he buildcd fay re Lathom-hall out of the ground, Such a houfe of that age cannot now be found ; I meane not for the beauty thereof all onely, But every office is fett foe handfome and necefiary. Garftang-bridge that ftands on the river Wire, Rochdale made the fame, at the Earl's coft and hyrc; At Warrington was kept a common ferrye, Which poled the King's people unreafonably, None might goe to and froe, a horfeback and foote, But pay as they pad, there was no other boote, The good Earle confidering the peoples coft, Being tedious to pafs by bote or by barge ; The Earle made a goodly bridge on his own coft and charge, With another goode and fubflantiall purveyance, That was, he gave lands thereto for the mentenance, This was a noble hearte liberal and kinde, The people will pray for him time out of mynde; At Paul's Chayne, in London, he made a houfc fayre, And his houfe in Holborn, he did well repayre; At At Collan-court and Gatfefden, he made great coft, Jefu fave his foulc, there was no labour loft. When Lathome mannor was made not after long, A gentleman fayd, my Lord, this houfe is ftronge ; And if enemyes come neare they will fall a quake- in ge, Ouoth he, I have a ftronger wall a makeinge; That is, to gett my neighbors good wills all, To love mee truely is a more ftronger wall; He ufed them foe he did them thereunto bring, Except a few which thereby wan noe thinge, Who foe loved him he did to him the fame; And who did contrary got but lofs and mame, But the cheifeft thing that gott the peoples love ; Was, when Harry the VII. at his firft comeing did move, Lancafhire and Chefhire, a fifteenth to pay; The people grudged, and in maner fayed naye, The Kinge heareinge thereof was grieved in his heart; And there this loveing Earle played aTriendly part, Well confidered the ftatc of his country; He went to exchequere and laid down the money, And then fayd, Sir, your fifteenth in your exche- quere is paid, For Lancafhire and Chefhire it was not difmay'd: 21 O q q I am I am glad, quoth the Kinge, it doth foe well chauncc, Thus the good Earle quieted all the King's gree- vance ; But for the Earle, happe thro* the fame exaclion, Poffible it had proved fome fond comotion; Loe here he gott not his love with highnes and cruelltye, But with gentlenes and nob.le liberallitie, For all controverfies he found provifion ; That but few for fuites travelled to London, In fuch matters (God wott) great payne took he, He faved the countrey much travell and money; And eafed the poor people that had little to fpend, And thankes be to GOD of ech matter made a good end. Now fithence muft travell poore and rich all, And for moft part the great fifh devoureth the fmale ; Thus walk the world forward apale doth goe, Stedfaft in noe poynt it fiialle be well proved foe ; Thinke it no furer but as flipper as I fee, And who trufteth others in it furelye is unwife, Noe man can laft longer then the tyme; Which GOD hath appoynted, therefore make of all crime. Wee muft after this Earle, perhapps not thither; Where his foul e is I fear fome be lither, Wee be prefifely fure each one to dye ; Noe mankinde hath charter to the contrary; If C 483 ] If might or money could have faved this man, Or love of his neighbors, he had not dyed then ; But feeinge death is to us foe verry natural!, Pxay wee charitablye for each others fall: And efpecially for his foule lettus pray. Of his honorable Earle Thomas Stanley; Who in honor and love hath ended his life, With trueth ever in wedlocke to GOD and his wife; The love which he wann with liberallitye, GOD keepe foe ftill unto all his pofteritye." A M E N. Q q q Yctt Yett have I left behinde me a nottablc poynt, which I had not prefently in my re- membrance, untill an aged man that fome- tyme was fervant unto this old firll Earle Thomas, put it in my memory, which is, that where this noble Earle was difpofed to ride for his pleafure a huntinge or other pro- grefs, or to vifitt his friendrand neighbors, whofe houfe foever hee went unto, hee fent his officers before, who made provifion all at his coil, as tho 3 he had bin at his owne houfe; and at his departure the furpleefage was left to the ufe of the houfe where he had lodged. And thus wal his maner and order in all places, where a(nd when he tra- velled, unlefs by chaunce he came unto iome Lord's houfe. I report mee if this was not too honorable to be put into obly- vion. " "*" * THE COMPLETE HISTORY OF THE ISLE OF MAN. CONTAINING THE Situation and Geographical Defcription thereof: ..cclefiaftical and Civil Hiftories, with the whole Order of Government, from the earlieft Accounts : the Lord's Prero- gative and Regalities : the feveral Officers neceffarily employed under him : nature of the Soil : Names of the chief Towns and Harbours : Number of Parifhes : Value of the Livings : with the Produce of the Country, the neighbouring Sea, and a Defcription of their ufual Trade. An Account of its Purchafe from the DUKE of ATHOL, by Government, under the Reign of his prefent MAJESTY, KING GEORGE the THIRD. PRINTED BY E. SERGENT, IN THE MARKET-PLACE. MDCCXCMI. THE INTRODUCTION. TTHIS Ifland appears but little, or darkly known to the ancients; and amongft all our modern Hiflorians and Geographers, there is not one has given any tolerable ac- count of it, before Mr. James Challoner, Governor for the Lord Fairfax, and the great and learned Mr. Blundell of Crofby, who prudently retired thither during the Ufurpation, whereby he preferved his per- fon in peace and fecurity, and his eflate from all manner of depredation. This gen- tleman being a perfon of polite learning, employed his leifure hours in collecting the Hiftory and Antiquities of the Ifle of Man ; and by his manufcripts, which I have feen, gave pofterity the clearefl and moft correci account of it. But as to~ the reft of our Englifh Hifto- rians, few of them, efpecially the ancients, fo much as mention it. Mr. Cambden in- deed 488 The HISTORY of the deed is the firft that gives us any light or in- fight into it ; after him the great Lord Cook and Doclor Heylin, but they all abound with fo many errors and miftakes, that it is very- uncertain adhering to any of them. Havin'g faid this, give me leave to ob- ferve what natural misfortunes this country is faid to labour under, which I am informed and apprehend from fome of its natives, is the frequent penury and want of many ne- ceflaries of life, occafioned by a thin unfer- tile foil, requiring more experience labour and manure, than the inhabitants in general are qualified to beftow upon it ; for though there are few here that can be properly faid to be rich, fo neither are there many can be efteemed miferably poor; and were they fo happy to have the encouragement of fome manufactures, and a more extenfive trade of their own product, the country would not only be improved, but grow rich and able to fupply themfelves by their own labour and induftry It is true they want many neceflaries for the common fervice of life ; fuch as timber, fait, ISLE of MAN. 489 wrought iron, coals, &c. But with all thefe they might be eafily fupplied by the countries round them, had they equal pro- duels to give in exchange, or indeed were there an herring fifhery as certain and plenti- ful as formerly, it would fupply all thofe wants, and to fpare. As I have given you the common, or ra- ther accidental wants and misfortunes of this little part of the globe, I cannot but in juftice (hew the bleflings and advantages it enjoys beyond all the nations round about it. The firft is a perfect unanimity in matters of religion, flriclly conformable to the doc- trine and difcipline of the Church of England by law eftablimed. The next to this is the rectitude and good- nefs of their laws, fo wifely formed, and fo admirably adapted to their conflitution, that the great Lord Cook faith, " That the Ifle of Man hath fuch laws as are not to be found in any other place." 21 R r r Every 490 'The HISTORY of the Every man there pleads his own caufe without council or attorney, or any perfon who gains by incouraging (Irife : all chancery bufmefs is ended in twelve or fourteen weeks, viz. four court days ; matters of common law are fomething more dilatory by reafon court d^ys come but twice a year, but the eafe of the government and every man's intereft draws all fuits and controverfies to as fpeedy a'conclufion as can poflibly be contrived. t There is in this little world, befides this happinefs, an univerfal plenty and cheapnefs m all feafonable times; which makes it the refort of many people in diftrefs and low life. Their own ale has been long efteemed of equal goodnefs to any of its neighbours; their importations of wine, brandy, rum, fugar, fruit, lemons, filks, velvets, coffee, tea, and China ware, are very large. And could they be once favoured with the expor- tation of them to their neighbouring nations, upon a juft duty and proper and well regu- lated conditions, England and its neighbour- ing friends, would in the opinions of expe- rienced perfons be better fupplied and with lefs ISLE of MAN. 491 lefs hazard to our manufatluries, and more advantage to his Majefly's revenue. But be that as it will, as GOD has been pleafed to give them plenty, he hath alfo given them hearts to enjoy it. The people are naturally of a chearful. focial)le, and debonair temper, much inclined to mufic and freedom among tbemieives, very loving, but a little choleric. They were formerly repu- ted courageous and eminent for many excel- lent military commanders, as will appear more fully from the hiftory, as likewife what refpecl their Kings had among foreign Prin- ces, of which Macon (not to mention more) was a moft remarkable inftance. But above all, they have been famous for their hofpitality to ftrangers, as great num- bers of Englifh in the late civil wars, and many thoufands of Irifh Proteftants in the devaluations of that Kingdom, in 1689, bore witnefs. Nor were they lefs famous in former ages for {heltering diftrefled Princes, of which I will, venture to give my reader one inftance. R r r 2 Eugenius, 492 The HISTORY of the Eugenius, when Prince of Scotland, took fanftuary in the ifland for nine years, and was afterwards recalled by the nobility and people, and crowned King of Scotland. To omit Ederias, and Corbred, firnamed Gall, from his travelling and learning, who were educated in this ifland, even before Chrifti- anity, for it is not improbable thefe Princes might choofe the Ifle of Man for their re- treat, becaufe it was then and many ages after accounted the only feat of learning un- der the Druids, nor was it lefs remarkable under their firft pious Bifhops. Heclor Boetius fays, Man was the foun- tain of all honeft learning and erudition; others of the Scotch nation fay it was the manfion of the Mufes and the royal academy for educating the heirs apparent to the Crown of Scotland, as Eugenius the III. himfelf, who likewife fent three of his fons, Ferguard, Fiacre, and Donald, into the Ifle of Man, to be educated under Couranus, whom they write Bifhop of Sodor; two of which fons, Ferguard and" Donald, were fuc- ceffwely Kings of Scotland, as both Heftor, Boetius, and Hollinfliead can witnefs ; who likewife ISLE of MAN. 493 likewife inform us, that even before this Couranus (by Do61or Heylin, writ Goran) ordered that the three fons of his brother Congel, Eugenius the fecond, Cougatus the third, and Kinatellus the firft, fhould be brought up in the Ifle of Man (fays Boetius) under the government of certain inftruftors and fchool-mafters, to be trained up in learn- ing and virtuous difcipline, according to an ancient ordinance thereof made and enacted: fo celebrated was the difcipline of thofe ages, that it feems to have paffed into a law, that the Princes of Scotland mould be educated in this ifland. Having thus far (hewn wherein the ancient honour of this ifland confided, I think it proper my reader mould know that it had formerly an order of nobility ; for I find both Earls and Vifcounts mentioned, but efpecially Barons, who I conceive were the governors of the out ifles. In thofe days the Comes were the firft magiftrates in the county, and the Vice Comes his fubftitute, but of latter ages they have been appropri- ated as marks of honour to particular families. There 494 The HISTORY of the There were likewife iformerly feveral ecclefiaftical Barons in this ifie, as the Abbot of Rufhen, the Abbot of Furnefs, and the Bifhop of Man, who dill retains that honourable title ; and in regard thereof, is to hold, the ;Lord ; s ftirrup, when he mounts his ileed, at the Tiawald. But becaufe thofe pious foundations lie buried in their own ruins, I fhall crown my work with what is efteemed the greateft glory -this world affords; that it was a King- dom, if you will take the words of my Lord Cook. The ancient and abfolute Kind.om of Man, in Calvin's cafe, Lib. 7. chap. 21. Though fince it fell under the homage of the cro.wn of England, it was never granted but by the title of the Ifland and Lordfliip of Man, except to Sir John Stanley, who is fliled King and Lord of Man, in their records as before-mentioned, fo that it pretended to no fuch abfolute dominion, for allegiance to the crown of England was re-, ferved in all public oaths. Not but that it (lill retains mod of the eflential marks and infignia of regal power, fuch ISLE of MAN. 495 fuch making laws for its own government, of pardoning criminals, of holding courts in the Lord's name, the patronage of the bimopric, the admiral of thofe feas, the coinage of money, and many other inferior articles of regality; which as they were de- rived from the favour of the crown to the houfe of Derby, fo the conftant and uninter- rupted loyally of that noble houfe, may be jullly efteemed to have deferved it, efpecially fince they have managed that great truft and power with fo much tendernefs and care of the people under them, by which they have flood as lafling examples to all in power, and tranfmitted to the remembrance of all pof- terity; that by their care, vigilance, and juftice, there is one little fpot of earth in the world where law, juilice and equity, true religion and primitive integrity, have long ric. and all parfonages and vicara pt three, which are in the p^uoria^e oi uie Bimop. He had power to make and repeal laws by the advice of his deemllers and twenty- four keys, who mud have had his ap- probation, or he would rejedt them from the aflembly. He had power of holding courts in his own name, might hang and draw, or par- don malefadiors, in his own jurifdidtion. All wrecks, royal fifhing, &c. were by his regality, with many other preroga- tives. The civil policy of their government was managed by the lieuteriant, who was the Duke's immediate reprefentative, and had often been of his family ; with other inferior officers. /< The lieutenant or governor has a power to call a Tynwald or Parliament, or any other court, which cannot fit without his warrant. 574 The HISTORY of the warrant. He fwears inquelfo, is fole chan- cellor, and hath the fole military power to place or difplace officers in garrifons, or otherwife; and whoever oppofes him in any place or thing wherein he reprefents the King, robs him of his horfe or arms, beats his fervants, or breaks his houfe, is a traitor. Sometimes there has been a captain-general, but it was only in fome extraordinary cafes. The other officers for the Duke's fervice are A Receiver-general, or Treafurer of the ifland, who has the charge of the revenue, and pays all the falaries of the civil lift, but is accountable to The Comptroller, who always fits with him both on receipts and payments, and is the auditor of the general accompts. He fits fole judge in all trials for life in the garrifon, keeps the records, and enters the pleas * of the feveral courts, where he is allowed fees. The ISLE of MAN. 575 The Water-bailiff, who is in the nature of the Admiral of the ifland, and fits judge in all maratime affairs. He has the care of the cuftoms, fifhing, wrecks, &c. The Attorney-general, who fits in all courts to plead for the King's profit, as fuing for felons, goods, forfeitures, deodands, &c. and is to plead the caufes of all widows and orphans, they giving him two-pence for his fee. All the aforefaid officers acl: by commiffion from the King during pleafure, and upon his deceafe their power of a6ling expires, in the abfence whereof, the fword takes place, and the chief commanding military officer, who is generally fliled major, takes upon him the prefervation of the peace of the ifland, by feizing the caftle and forts, preventing all tumult 5 ? and diforder, and all perfons from going off the ifland to the prejudice of the inhabitants, until the civil power is reflored and re-eftablifhed by new commiflions from die fucceeding King. AJJ 576 I he, HIS TORY of the All the faid officers were efteemed of the houPaold or court, and formerly had their diet in the family, where a conftant table was kept for them and their attendants: thefe officers are all by their places, juftices of the peace, and are in all things to aft for the King's profit : the King may call them as a . council to his affiftance" when he thinks pro- per, or occafion' requires, either for the fer- vice'of himfelf, or the country. The deemfters, or judges, are the firft public magiftrates of the ftate, but were never part of the h&uflxoJd or family ". they i * - fit as judges in all courts either for life or property; they have always been two, one for each divifion of the ifle ; they are ftiled ia the antient court rolls, Jujiiciary Domini Regis, but whether they have them names from the old word to deem, judge, or de- termine, or to doom* fentence, or condemn, I am not informed, nor can take upon me to afcertain, but by the advice of the twenty- four keys, they may in all new and uncom- mon cafes, declare what the law is, in fuch .cafes wherein the law is not fully expreft. Bv ISLE of MAN. 577 By the ancient law of the ifle it is provid- ed, that if any perfon accufe the deemflers of injudice, or mal-adminiitration, he for- feits life and limb : the fummons or procefs ufed by them is the fame with the governor, viz. a flate flone with one or two letters of their name made upon it, and to counterfeit or mifapply this procefs, is as highly penal in their law as the counterfeiting the Lord Chief Juftices' Warrant is with us. After the deemfters, the twenty-four keys are the reprefentatives of the country, and in fome cafes ferve as the grand inqueft of the ifle: they are the laft traverfe in all cafes of common law, are prefent at all trials for life, and in conjunction with the governor and officers of the houfhold aforefaid, make the legislative power of that little nation. The next officers are the coroners of each (heading or divifion, who acl: in the nature of fheriffs, and are fubordinate to the twenty- four keys. Every parifli hath likewife an officer called a moar, which is the Lord's bailiff, and each 2:> 4 E Of 578 The HI STORY of the of them have a fubordinate officer not worth . our notice. The courts of judicature are ufually twice in the year, viz. -about May and Mich- aelmas, the firft are called (heading courts, and in the nature of our hundred courts, or courts leet and baron ; thefe are held for the King's profit, and relate to all breaches of the peace, and all prefentments are here made upon any violation of their laws or public orders. Immediately after thefe, are held the com- mon law courts, where all aclions relating to mens properties are tried. Thefe courts were formerly held in every (heading dif- tinftly, but now have proper places ap- pointed for the holding of them, with all due regard to the eafe and benefit of the people. Next after thefe follows the grand court or general goal delivery, in which are ma- naged all trials for life; and perhaps there is no place in the univerfe where men have a fairer ISLE of MAN. 579 a fairer trial, nor where the taking away life is more tenderly regarded. In this court the governor prefides, aflifted by the King's officers, with the bimop and his clergy. The deemfters fit as judges with the twenty-four keys, to advife with in cafe any new matter arifes; the criminal muft be firft found guilty of the crime he (lands charged with by the grand inqueft, and if the cafe be treafon or murder, the wit- nefies have a very particular and folemn oath adminiftered to them, viz. The clerk who adminifters the oath opens the book of the gofpel, and the witnefs or evidence lays his right hand open upon it, then the clerk, fays to him By this book of truth, by all the holy and facred body of the church, by a\ the worderful works and mighty miracles GOD Almighty wrought in fix days and feven nights, in heaven above, and earth beneath, you (hall fpeak the truth, and fay nothing that is falfe for love or fear, 4 E 2 favour 580 The HIS TORY of the favour or affeftion, confanguinity or affinity, or any other confideration whatfoever; fo may you be helped by the fon of GOD, and by the contents of this book whereon your hand now lies ; then the witnefs kifles the book. After this, a peculiar jury of four out of every parifh in the ifland is impanneled, and the prifoner may make his exception againft fifty-fix and no more, and if his cafe be felony only, and he fufpefts it will go hard with him, he may put him- felf to the King's mercy, and fo evade the trial and fentence by the court, and the King by their law, as well as by his prerogative, grants him his grace in fuch manner as he thinks proper. But if he (lands his trial for life, when the jury come into court, and before they deliver their verdi6t, the deemfters afk them, whether the bald pates (the clergy) may fit, and if the foreman anfwer no, then the bifhop and clergy withdraw (as not proper for them to fit or pafs fen- tence in cafes of blood) and then the verdict is delivered; and the criminal found ISLE of MAN. 581 found guilty, and executed as the court direts, or if acquitted, difcharged. There is likewife another court, called the Debet court, in which all fines are fet; and there is alfo an exchequer court which is held as often as the governor pleafes, or occafion requires; and there is ajfo a court of chancery, which anciently was held weekly, but at prefent is kept monthly, wherein the governor fits fole chancellor, and may call the King's coun- cil and the deemfters to advife with, as he fees proper. All actions brought in chancery are en- tered in the comptroller's office, of which the plaintiff prefents the governor a copy, who grants his token upon it to fummons the defendant, who may refufe appearance for three court days, but on the fourth he is brought in by a foldier, and the matter heard, and determined; fo fpeedy is the juftice of this little government that it may challenge the world. The 582 The HISTORY of the The religion profefled in this ifle is ex- aftly; the fame with the Church of Eng- land; but they have not the Bible in their own language; the rninifters turn the Englifli tranflation into the Manx language in reading the leffons. The Manxmen are very refpeftful to their clergy, and pay their tithes without the leaft grudging. The clergy are generally natives, who have had their education in the ifle. They are fober and learned, and are allowed a competent maintenance of 50 or 6ol. a year. The people are fo ftriftly conformable, that in uniformity they outdo any other branch of the reformed church. There where anciently in this ifle, three monafteries, viz. i. The monaftery of St. Mary, of Rumen, in Caftletown, which was the chief, and the burying-place of the Kings of Man. It ISLE of MAN. 583 It was a- goodly fabric, as appears by the ruins. It confided of an Abbot and twelve Monks, who had good revenues. The chapel was the largeft place of GOD'S worfhip in the ifland except the cathedral. It was a daughter of Furnefs Abbey, as were fome other monafteries in this ifle. The Abbots of it were Barons, held courts for their temporalities, and tried their own te- nants. 2. Douglas, a priory for nuns. This houfe is faid to be built by St. Bridget, and the Priosgfs was a Baronefs of the ifland. It is the mod pleafantly fuuated in die ifle. 3. At Brinnaken, an houfe of the friars minors, a fmall plantation of the ciftertian order. The Abbots ailb of St. Bees, of Whit- tern, in Galloway, and Banchor, in Ireland, were Barons of Man, becaufe they held lands in this ifland, upon condition of at- tending upon the Kings and Lords of it when required. Having 584 Tfie HIS TORY of the Having now with fome pains and per- plexity of thought, attended and brought my reader through the obfcure and intricate biftory, conltitution, civil government, and antiquities of the little kingdom of MONA, and corrected and amended what I have judged error or miftake in former writers on that fubjecl. What remains before I conclude, but that I give the world the ecclefiaftic hiflory of this kingdom, from its firft converfion to chriftianity, with the growth, ftate, and government of the church; its bifhops, paftors and overfeers, from the earlieft date, and the moft approved authorities I have been able to collecl: from the various writers and hiftories of thofe ages. The firft mention I meet with of chrif- tianity's appearance- in the Ille of Man, is in Capgrave's Life of Jofeph of Ari- mathea, wherein he tells us of one Mor- daius, a King of that ifle, being convert- ed to chriftianity, about the year of Sal- vation 63, who had his refidence in a city called ISLE of MAN. 585 called Sodora; if this (lory be true (which I much doubt as hereafter) * Chriftianity had an early plantation in this iiland, but it is a matter of wonder to me, that this c&nverlion of the King mould not have had a more general influence over the people, for in all the authors I have met with, I find no mention of Chriftianity in this part - for the world of near 400 years after this (lory, . except in another fuch like account, by He61or Boetius, 'who relates that one Amphibalus was bifhop here about the time aforefaid ; but as this is rejected by moft men of learning, (except Arch-bifhop Spotwood) I mail with defference eonfider him, fo far as to give you his relation from his own words, book ift. fol. 3d. and then make my re- marks thereon. In which book he acquaints us, that one Cratilinth coming to the crown in the year 277, made it one of his firfl works to purge the kingdom of heathenifh fuper- ilition, and expel the Druids, a fort of priefts held in thofe days in great repu- tation ; their manner was, to celebrate 25 4 F their 586 The HISTORY of the their facrifices and other rites in groves, with leaves and branches of oak. And from thence, faith Pliny, they were called Druids, which doth fignify an Oak. Csefar in his commentaries, gives us this further account of them, that befides the managing of facrifices, which were commit- ted to them, they were entrufted with the decifion of controverfies, public and private; and that fuch as would not (land to their judgment were interdicted from being pre- fent at their facrifices and holy rites, which was taken for a grievous punifhment in thofe days. It is likewife teftified of them, that they were well learned in natural philofophy, men of moral converfation, and religious, not fo ignorant and fuperftitious as other heathen priefts, for they thought there was one only God, and that it was not lawful to reprefent him by any image: that the fouls . of men did not perifli with their bodies, and that after death men were rewarded accord- ing to the life they had led upon earth. They lived likewife in great refpec~l with all ISLE of MAN. 587 people, and ruled their affairs with reat prudence and policy, for being d by a prefident, who kept his lence in the Ifle of Man, they once every year met in that place to take council together for the better ordering of their affairs, and conducled matters with Ib much difcretion, that the faid King C/atilinth, found it difficult to expel them, becaufe of the favour they had amongft the people. But that which contributed greatly to the propagation of the gofpel in this ifle, was the perfecution raifed by Dioclefian, which at that time prevailed very greatly in the fouth part of Britain, and bro many chriftians, both preachers and* pro- feffors, into the kingdom of Man, who were all kindly received by King Crati- linth, and had affigned them by him, lands and revenues fuflicient for their mainte- nance. In this ifle, King Cratilinth creeled a {lately church to the honour of our Saviour, which he adorned with all neceffary or- 4 F 2 naments, 5 83 .'I he HISTORY of the naments, and called it, Sodorenfe Fan: that is, the Temple of our Saviour; hence it is (fays the above ftory) that the BiPnops o. ? Man, are called Sodofenfes Epifcopy. So long as this ifle remained in the pofleflion of the Scots, the bifiiops of the ifles made that church their cathedral, bat fince their difpofleffion, the Ifle of Jona, hath been the feat of the bifliops of the ifles, and continues fo to this day. In this ifle, Amphibalus (above mentioned) is faid to have fat firft bifhop, a Britain born, and a man of excellent piety: he lived long, preaching carefully the doc- trine of Chrift, both among the Scots id Picls, and after many labours taken ^bmoting the chrulian religion, died peaceably in the faid ifles. Thus far the learned and good Bifhop Spotwood. There are fo many improbabilities ; in this and the ftory before it, that I cannot omit to obierve fome of them. Firft, Hector Boetius fays, Amphibalus fled from the perfecution of Dioclefian, in South Britain, in the year 280. Whereas Diocle- fian I ISLE of MAN. 589 fian did not obtain the empire till the year 280, neither did the tenth perfecution arife till the year 302; and Gildas, and Polydore Virgil fay exprefsly, that bodx St. Alban and Amphibalus fuffered martyr- dom in the year 305, and the general ftream of all Britifh writers concur in this martyrdom, neither do any of the Scotch writers mention Amphibalus, in the life of Crfctilinth, before Heclor Boetius, and his followers. And it is, in my judgment, almoft Jm- poflible to conceive, that the Manx na- tion (hould not have preferved fo coii- fidera,ble a bleffing as the firft conversion to Chriftianity; befides, all their traditions are directly againft it, and Matthew P^is affirms, that the body of Amphibalus, was found at Radburn, near St. Albans, in the year 1178, and many other marks of his martyrdom at Radburn, ftrongly conclude he died for his religion in Eng- land, and never fled to the Ifle of Man to erect a bifhopric, and Fanum Sodo- renfe; befides, it muft appear fomething wonderful and furprizing, that no memory of 590 The HISTORY of the of Chriftianity, nor ruin of any fuch church fhould be found, or fo much as mention made of them at the time of St. Patrick's landing there, which is enough to mew there is nothing of truth or cer- tainty in the abovefaid (lory. . Next to thefe accounts already taken notice of, Mr. Cambden, my Lord Cook, and Doclor Heylin, all affirm, that the bifhopric in the Ifle of Man, was ereied by Pope Gregory IV. a*nno 840, in an ifland near Caftletown, whereas the hifhop- ric is fufficiently proved, by the great Primate of Armagh, to be creeled by St. Patrick, about the year 447, as here- after, and the place itfelf (hews there is no* fuch ifland near Caftletown. And herewith all the ecclefiaftical wri- ters of any credit in thofe ages agree, that St. Patrick (alias Patricius) was the firft that planted the Chriftian Religion in the Ifle of Man, and fince their ancient, authentic, and national tradition concurs therewith, I cannot but allow him to be truly ISLE of MAN. 59 i truly the apoftle of the Manx nation, as well as for the reafon following. Firft, If I remember my reading, I have met with it in the curious Eflays of the great and learned Lord Montaigne, who lived about the time of Pope Gregory IV. or not long after. This Pope was faid to be a perfon of great learning, piety, and virtue, and a zealous" promoter of the Chriftian Faith, by which he obtained the epithet of Great; who walking on a time through the market-place of Rome, efpied a number of beautiful captive children fitting there to be fold, which induced his compaflion as well as curiofity to go up to them, and enquire of thofe that fold them what country they were of, and being told they were Britons, he then afked if they were Chrillians, and was an- fwered no. Upon which he faid, it was great pity that fuch angelical faces moujd not be made Chriftians. In confequence whereof, hg ri foon , after fent St\ Patrick, with twenty more afii- flantSj to preach the gofpel, and convert to Chriftianity 592 The HIS TORY of the Chriftianity the people of Scotland and Irc^ land ; for it does not appear he came into Ireland till the year 441, and Auftin the Monk had been fent into England before him by the fame pope. St. Patrick with his company, having landed in Nocth Britain, met with great fuccefs in their miftion ; upon which St. Patrick, leaving St. Andrew and other learn- ed preachers to purfue the great work of propagating Chriftianity there, pafied over to Ireland,, where he found the harvefl 'great, but the labourers too few ; whereupon he returned to North Britain in the year 444 ; and collecting together fome of his former afliftants, with fome new converts of learn- ed and religious perfons, to the number of -thirty, he came with them through the North of England, to take (hipping at Liverpool, for the fouth of Ireland, and on his ap- proach near that town, the people came out to receive him, and creeled a crofs in ho- nour and memory thereof, and called it by his name, which it bears to this day. St ISLE of MAN. St. Patrick and his company having reft- exl and refreshed themfelves a while at Li- verpool, took (hipping for Dublin, but in his paflage put into the Ifle of Man, where he found the people, efpecially the rulers, given to magic; but being overcome and convin- ced by his preaching and miracles, they were cither converted or expelled the ifland. St. Patrick and his company going for Ireland, anno 447, left one Germanus, a holy, and prudent man (adregendum ? erudiendum populum in fide Clirifti, fays Jocelinus) which for the honour of the Mank's nation, was fixty-nine years anci- enter than Bangor, in Wales, which was the firft bifhopric we read of among the Bri- tains, and 114 years before Auftin the Monk introduced the Liturgy of the Lateran, and thereby fo abfolutely fettled the bufmefs of religion, that the ifland never afterwards relapfed. Germanus died before St. Patrick, who fent two bifhops to fupply his place, Con- indrius and Romulus, of whom we have little memorable, but that one or both of 25 4 G , them 594 The HISTORY of the them furvived St. Patrick, to the year 494,] being five years, when one St. Maughold' was elecled bifhop by the univerfal fun of the Manks nation ; but by whom con- fecrated is very uncertain, as alfo his fuc- j cefTors for fome ages, which I mail fludiouf- ly omit, and only acquairit my reader that one St. Columbus is acknowledged by all w r riters to be the founder of the abbey of Hye, in the Ifland of Jona, which mona- ftry was the cathedral of the bifhops of the Ifles, who were from that time ftiled (Epif- copus Sodorenfis) from a village called Sodor, adjoining to the faid monaftry. * But after the Ifle of Man was made the feat of the Norwegian race, the bifhop- rics were united, with the title of Sodor and Man, and To continued, till conquered by the Englifh, fince which the bifliop of Man keeps his claim, and the Scotch bifhop ftiles himfelf Bifhop of the Ifles, anciently, Epifcopus lufularum Sedtrtnfium. I could here enlarge pretty much on the fucceflion of the bimops of this ifle, from the time of St. Maughold, yet as it ISLE of MAN. 595 and lay in irons two years, and at laft was forced to ranfom himfelf for 500 marks ; fo that he was not inftalled till the year 1376, in which Mr. Jones' ac- count determins he was fucceeded (as Dr. Heylin in his help to Englifh hiftory in- forms us) by Robert Welby, anno 1396, who it is be- lieved fat twenty-two years, and had for his fucceffor John Sperton, who is the firfl bifhop mentioned in the Manx records ; after him we find no bifhop named till the year 1503, in which Evan or Huan, who was elected by Sir Thomas Stanley, then governor, and after- wards Lord, from whence may be obfer- ved the clergy's election of their bifhops ceafed, and became fixed in the Houfe of Stanley, where it remained till the ifland being purchafed by the government, the King of England is become perpetual no- minator. This Evan was fucceeded by 4 H 2 Hugh 604 The HIS TORY of the Hugh Hefketh, as appears by the roll of the family of Rufford, viz. Hugh Hefketh, third fon to Robert, Efquire, a Rev. Father in God, the bifhop of the Ifle of Man ; and hie jacet Robertus Hefketh, Anniger, qui obit primo Die Jan. A. D. 1490. He was fucceeded by Robert Ferrier, who fat bifhop anno 1554, lays Sir Richard Baker. He was, afterwards removed to St. David's (fays Grafton) and was fucceeded by Henry Man, anno 1555, who died 1556, (fays Dr. Heylin) and was fucceeded by Bifhop Salifbury, the year uncertain ; whole fucceffor was Thomas Stanley, fon to Sir Edward Stanley, nrft Lord Monteagle, how long he fat is uncertain, but it appears by re- cord, John Merrick was fworn Bifhop of the Ifles, anno 1577. It was he who gave Mr. Cambden the hiftory of the Ifle of Man, publifhed in his Britannia. He was fucceeded by George ISLE of MAN. 605 George Lloyd, anno 1600, who was af- terwards removed to Chefter. And had for his fucceffor Bifhop Fofter, as Dr. Heylin in his help to Englifh hiftory informs us. And was fucceeded by Dr. John Phillips anno 1605, a native of North Wales, who was fworn bifliop the fame year. He tranflated the Common Prayer (at this time to be feen) into the language of the natives; and Mr. Chal- loner fays, the Bible, though not now ex- tant. A man famous in his generation for his great pains in preaching, his charity and hofpitality, even to the meaneft of the people. He was fucceeded by Dr. Richard Parr, anno 1635, a Lan- cafliire man, fometime fellow of Brazen- Nofe College in Oxford; who whilft he continued in the univerfity (fays Mr. Chal- loner of his own knowledge) was an emi- nent preacher. He was the laft who fat bifliop before our late unhappy civil wars, Next to him Samuel The HISTORY of the Samuel Rutter was fworn bi(hop anno i65i. He had been archdeacon feveral years, and governed the church with great prudence, during the late wars ; he was a man of exemplary goodnefs and modera- tion, and fat as bifhop till the year 1663, to whofe afliftance I am greatly obliged for his collections and memoirs made ufe of in my" rjrefent hiftory of the noble Houfe of Stanley, but efpecially in that ever memorable fiege of LATHAM; in the defence of which he had a large {hare. After him Dr. Ifaac Barrow was confecrated biihop anno 1663, and fent over governor by Charles, EARL of DERBY. He was a man of a public ipirit, and great defigns for the church; to whofe induftry is greatly owing all the learning amongft the clergy of Man, and to whofe prudence and charity many of the poor clergy were greatly indebted. This good man to the great lofs ot the ifland was removed to St. Afaph. And was fucceeded by Dr, ISLE of MAN. 607 Dr. Henry Bridgeman, anno 1671. And after him Dr. John Lake, anno 1682, afterwards removed to Briftol. And next to him Dr. Baptift Levinz, anno 1684, who died 1693. And was fucceeded by the Reverend BjK Thomas Wilfon, who dying in ijjjffi, the Rev. Dr. Mark Hil- defley, fucceeded. Dr. Claudius Crigan, is the prefent bifnop. The Church of Man is governed under a bifhop by an archdeacon, two vicars-ge- neral, and (ixteen miniflers. The militia under the governors, by three majors and eighteen captains of pariflies, the towns by the four eonfiables, and the civil conftitution by two deemfters, fix coro- ners, feventeen moars or bailiffs, with fcve- ral inferior officers under them. The bifhops of Alan, befides their fpiritual jurifdiftion, 6o8 The HISTORY of the jurifdiclion, are barons of this ifle. In all trials for life they may affift in the temporal court till the fentence. They hold courts in their own names for their temporalities. If any of their tenants are tried for life they may demand them from the King's court, and try them by a jury of their own tenants, and, in cafe of conviction, the lands they hold are forfeited to the bifnop. The arms of the bifhopric are upon three aflents, the VIRGIN MARY, (landing with her arms extended .between two pillars, on the dexter of which is a church in bafe, the ancient arms of Man. The archdeacon is the fecond fpiritual magiftrate ; he has in all inferior cafes alter- nate jurifdiftion with the bifhop; and many other privileges, as well in temporals as fpi- rituals : he holds his court either in perfon or by his official, as the bifhop does his by his vicars-general, which are always two, one for each divifion of the ifle, and are in the nature of chancellors to the bifhop; thefe, with the regifters, compofe the con- fiftory court, and have under their jurifdic- tion, feventeen parimes. There ISLE of MAN. 609 There were formerly many chapels in the ifle, and there are now in each town one (landing, as alfo one in the centre of the land dedicated to St. John, near which, on a little hill, they hold their tynwald court, or public aflembly, at which their laws are promulged on every miafunimer day Jt is raifed with feveral afcents for the differ- ent orders of people, and is indeed a pret- ty curiolity. But above all, the abbeys feem to have exceeded the ability of the country, among which the abbey of St. Mary of Rufhen was the chief; it confided of twelve monks and an abbot, who at firfl were meanly en- dowed, and lived moftly by their labour, but in procefs of time they had good revenues. The buildings are very handforne, the rooms convenient, and the chapel larger than any (the cathedral excepted) in the ifland. It was called the Daughter of Furnefs, which is faid^to be the mother of this and many .other abbeys in the ifland, In the records thereof is found, that one John Fargher, was abbot of Rufhen and de- 26 4 I puty- 6i o The HIS TO R Y .of the puty-governor, and in a piece of timber, in Kirk-arbory, which feparates the church from the chancel, one Thomas Radcliffe, was the abbot. Thefe abbots were barons of the ifland, held courts for their temporalities in their own names, might demand a prifoner from the King's court, if their own tenant, and try him by a jury of their / own tenants, as the fteward of the abbey lands may do at this day. The priorefs of Douglas, was a baronefs of the ifland, and enjoyed the fame privilege. The priory was faid to be built by St. Brid- get, when (he came to receive the veil of vir- ginity from St. Maughold. The fituation of the nunnery is much the pleafantell in the ifland. There were likewife the friars-minors of Beemaken, and a fmall plantation of the cif- tertian order, Kirk-Chrift-lez-Ayre, but nei- ther of thefe had baronies annexed to them. There ISLE of MAN. 611 There were likewife feveral foreign barons as before-mentioned; but few or none of them appear now, nor have any lands or te- nants to reprefent. Thus have I given my readers the hiftory, inftitution and fettlement of this little ftate in all its branches, civil, military and eccle- fiaftic; with all the fubordinate officers neceffarily employed therein, by which the people in church and ftate are to be govern- ed; with an hiflorical account of their Kings and bifhops. To conclude. The Ifle of Man is bled with a fpeedy and impartial diftribution of juftice : the church is filled with learned and pious divines; and the doctrine, prac- tice, and difcipline are ftri&ly conformable to that of the Church of England. And though it be as much mort of its learning, as it is of its revenue, yet, without vanity it may be truly faid, that in its uniformity it out-does any branch of the reformed churches. 4 I 2 A CAT A- A CATALOGUE OF GOVERNORS OF THIS ISLE, Since Sir John Stanley's time, till the year 1741; V/ith the North and South Divijions. JOHN Letherland, Lieutenant, 1 4 1 7 J John Fafakerley, Lieut. 1418 John Walton, Lieut. 1422 Henry Byron, Lieut. 1428 Note. I find on record from this time, till the year 1 49 2 Peter Button. Lieut. M9& Henry Radcliff, Abbot of Rufhen, deputy 1497 Randolph Rumton, Ca-pt. 1505 Sir John Ireland, Knight, Lieut. 1508 John Ireland, Li 1516 Randolph Rufhton, Capt. 1517 ' Thomas Danifport, Capt. 1519 Richard Hole, Lieut. John Fleming, Capt. 1 5 2 9 Thomas Sherburn, Lieut. ^53 Henry Bradley, Deputy-lieut. 2 53 2 Henry Stanley, Capt. 1533 George Stanley, Capt. 1535 Thomas Stanley, Knt. Lieut. 1537 George ISLE of MAN. 613 George Stanley, Capt. 1 539 Thomas Tyldfley, Deputy !54 William Stanley, Deputy 1 544 Henry Stanley, Capt. 1 55 2 Thomas Stanley, Knt. Lieut. 1562, Richard Afhton, Capt. 1566 Thomas Stanley, Knt. Lieut. 1567 Edward Tarbock, Capt. ^5^9 John Hanmer, Capt. 1 575 Richard Sherburn, Capt. Cuth. Gerrard, Capt. Thomas Martinier, Deputy Note. 1591, Richard Aderton was admitted and fworn Lieutenant under the Captain, by my Lord's direclions for martial affairs. The Hon. Wm. Stanley, Capt. afterwards EARL of DERBY, 1593 Randolph Stanley, Capt. Sir Tho. Gerrard, Knt. Capt. Cuth. Gerrard Deputy Thomas Gerrard, Knt. Capt. 1 Ro. Molyneux, Deputy 3 Cuth. Gerrard, Capt. . . 7J Ro. Molyneux, Deputy 3 Rob. Molyneux, Capt. 1600 John Ireland and John Birchal, Go-"| vernors, jointly by patent from t 1609 the King. J John 614 The HISTORY of the John Ireland, Lieut, and Capt. Ro. Molyneux, Capt. 1612 Edward Fletcher, Deputy 1621 Edward Fletcher, Governor j Sir Fred. Liege, Knt. and Capt. io\' : Edward Fletcher, Deputy 1625 Edward Holmewood, Capt. 1626 Edward Fletcher, Deputy 1627 Edward Chriflian, Lieut, and Capt. 1628 Evan Chriflian, Deputy 1634 Sir Charles Gerrard, Knt. Capt. 1635 John Sharplefs, Deputy 1636 Radcliff Gerrard, Capt. ^39 John Greenhalgh, Governor 1640 Sir Phillip Mufgrave, Knt. and Bart. 1651 Samuel Smith, Deputy-governor, 1652 .Note. My Lord Fairfax made commiflioners for the governing of the ifle this year, viz. James Challoner, Robert Dinely, Efq. Jonathan Witton, Clerk. Matthew Cadwell, Governor 1653 William Chriftian, Governor 1656 James Challoner, Governor 1658 After ISLE of MAN. 615 After the KING'S Restoration. I Roger Nowell, Governor 7 ^ Richard S.tevenfon, his Deputy \ ] Henry Nowell, Deputy for one part "j of the year, and Thomas Stanley > 1663 for the other part J Bimop Barrow, Governor 7 Henry Nowell, his Deputy J Henry Nowell, Governor 1669 Henry Stanley, Governor 1677 Robert Hey wood, Governor 1678 Roger Kenyon, Efq. Governor 1691 Colonel Sankey, Governor. The Hon. Capt. Cranfton, Governor. Robert Maudefley, Efq. Governor. Capt. Alexander Horn, Governor Major Floyd, Governor. Thomas Horton, Efq. Governor. The Hon. Jas. Murray, Efq. Gov. -17.^5 The North Divifion. K. Patrick, and K. German, dedicated to' thofe faints. K Michael. St Mary of Ballaugh, a parfonage. St. 6i5 .,, The HISTORY of St Patrick jurby. ^ / f K. Andrew's the Axch-deaco'nrv. f I ' t ' J A Bride, de^Tca^rdxto^St.' 'Brilget, a par- fohage. ' " K. Chrift-lez-Ayre. / The South. Divi/icn. f K. Maughold, dedicated tti St. Maughold the third biftiop. K. Lonan, dedicated to Lomanr.s, faid by the tradition to fucceed St. Maughoid in the bifhppric, the Ton of Tygrida, one of the three holy -lifters of St. Patrick, and thought -to be the firft bifhop of Trym -in Ireland. K. Conchan, dedicated to Concha, fifter to St. Martin, J3i(fet>p of Tours, and mother to St. Patrick. 1C. Braddan, whiclWignifies a falmon, in the Manks larlguage. K. Marown, dedicated to that faint. K. St. Anne. K. Mal#\?7""de gf - /A < ^/OJIIVJ-JO^ I i L-UBBABY8C i S S i iftinw-jo^ %ojiw3-jo^ vvlOS-AMCElfj> 1 1 *1 ^ f "% * : AnvaaiH^ 7 9 I 1 5 ^ 11 ^ lE-UKIVERS/A HlDNV-SOl^ \ * I 8 3 2 \EUNIVERS/4 J5 c2