1.1 BRARY University of California r OF Received /^ya^rG^ ■ l8 9& Accession No. 6 9 9 / ' S/- ■ Class No. <%£f-Y>\_ m&miS :&£*&' cf" DISCOVERIES HlSCONCEPTIONS REGARDING THE PROPERTIES OF Hatter Within the Science of Chehistry BY EMMA G. TODD Addressed to the Council of the Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, Cal., March J, 1898. San Francisco, Cal.: THE WHITAKER & RAY COMPANY PCBl ISHERS. DISCOVERIES OF hlsconceptions regarding the properties of Hatter Within the Science of Chehistry BY EMMA G. TODD Addressed to the Council of the Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, Cal., March I, 1898. San FranCISCO, CaL.: Till; WHITAKER ^ RAY COMPANY Publishers* i ; ighted i tMA G. Copyrighted / W By EMMA G. TODD. (To the Council of the ^Vcadnmi of ^ciencro, of $an Francisco, California: I respectfully ask your patient consideration of the contents of the paper which I now place within your keeping, and further ask that you retain it on tile until such time as its information may be discovered to lir of no value to science. This request is made, not only in protection of my own personal interests as the discoverer of the truths described within the paper, hut as a recognition of the courtesy due your official body, as executors of the Jack Trust, which, you are well aware, was transferred to you for the special advancement of science, or fundamental truth. The contents of the paper, or its purported discoveries, are of course placed within the keeping of your council as ;r hody,-'U'i a sacred duty, the performance of which, if undertaken alone, might fail of beneficial results. And with these preliminary remarks, I now- lay before you, in your official capacity, a small number of discoveries, culled from my hook, and that have been made during a few years' close study <>t the Various sciences. I am, Yours with great respect, EMMA G, TODD. EXTRACTS FROM Atomism, or the Science of Color By EMMA G. TODD. (Copyrighted l8g8. > 1. All the matter within the universe, both within <>ur planetary system and without, as far as human eye can reach through the most effective telescope ever invented, is composed of four gases only. Conse- quently, the seventy (and over) elements of the science of chemistry, with these four exceptions only, are an illusion, the means being at hand, at all times, of disintegrating all of them into their natural con- stituents. 2. Oxygen does not exist as an element, hut is composite. All metals are composed of the four gases in cohesion, in varying proportions. Mercury is composed of three gases. Chlorine of two gases. Sulphur of two predominating gases, and lesser vibra- tions of the other two. All of the other suspicious elements of the science of chemistry, excepting the four gases herein specified, are composed of the four (or three) gases mentioned, in varying proportions. 3. The chemical laboratory and spectrum analysis furnish absolute proof of the composition of all the so-called elements of the science of chemistry, with four exceptions only, which are absolute elements. 4. The four gases, or four elements of the universe, are here named in the order of their importance : Hydrogen. Phosphorus. ( Jarbon. Nitrogen. 11 The oxygen principle throughout nature is Phos phorus in disguise, and in natural compacl with its counterpart elemenl Hydrogen. The atomic rela- tions of the science of chemistry, as the hitter is now constructed, arc simply theoretical, and their actions i I lusionary. 5. The modern chemical laboratory furnishes proof of the existence and action of acids, bases and salts, and attributes the acid action to oxygen, in varying atomic relations with other elemental matter The absolute truth concerning the attractions and repulsions of chemical matter, which are designated as the acid affinities for bases, the union of which results in salts, is hereby given: Phosphorus exists throughout the length and breadth of the universe as the great natural Acid. Consequently, in the matter of the chemical laboratory it is still the acid principle. Phosphorus is always, throughout the entire universe, in natural contact or relation with Hydrogen, and can, with the greatest difficulty only, be separated from it; neither can it be held secure from it in the open atmosphere under any circumstances. Hydro- gen is, therefore, the great Base principle of nature. Water is one of the natural forms of acid and base. It is this embedded matter (Hydrogen) in the sup- posed elemental bases of the science of chemistry that is the cause of the affinity that is known to exist between the composite acids and the composite bases of the science. 6. Phosphorus is the most violently vibrating element in the universe, and exists only, in cumula- tive force, at various separated points. It is the violent active principle in all fires, or flames, or sparks, or incandescence, or acids, or luminosity in any form throughout the whole universe. It is present in every cell of the organic kingdoms, and, of course, is present in every cell of t he human body. [ts presence in the eye may be detected by any one [2 by gentle pressure upon the eyeball. This light in the eye has Long been regarded by certain branches of the medical profession as an abnormal condition of the matter of the organ, and has been designated Phoiopsia. Other scientists of a late day have ex- pressed the belief that the eye absorbs light during the day, and retains it for a certain period, and that while present in the eye it may he detected. The fundamental truth concern in: g these theories is that the eye, or organ of sight, is the one important medium of correlation between the. photosphere of the sun, its diffused matter, and the evolved brain. The same embedded phosphorus, or medium of light, which is only sensation of phosphorus-vibration, may be witnessed in the eyes of many animals, particularly in those of the cat. The phosphorescence of the ocean. the light of the fire-fly and glow-worm, thousands of varieties of which exist in the tropical regions, are a few evidences of the existence of Phosphorus in sub- jective relation with other elements. 7. A violent natural affinity exists between Phos- phorus and Hydrogen. The same affinity exists between Phosphorus and Carbon. The affinity that exists between the former two tend, however, to a mitigation of the acid or burning principle by the Hydrogen in its function as the subjecting element. The affinity that exists between the Phosphorus and the Carbon, on the contrary, tend to the greatest danger, on account of the special function of Carbon, which is aggregation. 8. The function of each of the four gases is as fol- lows: That of Phosphorus is violent disintegration. Thai of Carbon is violent aggregation. That of Hydrogen is amelioration or reduction of vibration, on accounl of quantity and fineness of atoms. On this account it yields to compression with difficulty. and is accorded the position as thestandard of weight among the other elements. The (unction of Nitrogen L3 is reduction of the vibration of the cell, the three other elements being extremely violent. In the reduc- tion of the motions of the composite cell, however, Nitrogen is invariably aided by the composite matter of water. It is on this account that no organic king- dom can evolve without the aid of water. Nitric acid is an example of matter where thesubjective Nitrogen is in loose double compact with Phosphorus, the effed of which may well be described as liquid fire. 9. Quick flashes, or sparks of incandescence, designate vibrations of Phosphorus and Hydrogen, in which the former struggles to overcome the latter. The quick cessations of incandescence mark the suc- cessful vibrations of the Hydrogen in its elemental function. These motions of matter may always be witnessed in the electric spark, lightning (forked, sheet or globular), in flint sparks, the sparks of com- bustion, etc. 10. Slow and steady forms of vivid incandescence, no matter where existing, or in what manner pro- duced, mark the united vibration of Phosphorus and Carbon, or a condition in which the vibrations of the latter have not been entirely overcome by those of the Hydrogen. Luminous nebulae, marsh gas, the flames of candles, coal gas, "water gas," coal oil, electric carbon lights, incandescent electric lights of smaller construction, and acetylene are examples of the latter Aeetvlene proceeds from an unconscious utilization of the four universal elemental vibrations. One method of securing Acetylene gas is through the media of an electric cm-rent [Phosphorus and Hydro- gen), Carbon points, and in an atmosphere of Hydro- gen. Another method of creating Acetylene is through the united agency <»f lime (embedded Phos- phorus) and hot coals (Phosphorus and Carbon). 11. Phosphorus and Hydrogen are the most violently vibrating elements in the universe. The former element is the absolute source of all motion . u .The united vibrations of these two elements, and' unsubjected by either of the two others, is recognized in the force known as Electricity. When the Phos- phorus predominates in the double vibration the electric spark or steady form of incandescence results. When Hydrogen predominates in the double vibra- tion the electricity is invisible, but its effects may become sensible or visible, though not in incan- descence. The dark room of the photographer results necessarily from the special disintegrating acid function of the Phosphorus of the atmosphere, of sun- light, of artificial incandescence, and of subdued light, or even of the light of deep shadows. The presence of Phosphorus in the atmosphere at all times explains the reason why photographers are able to secure impressions in cloudy weather. The sensitive films used in this art are unconsciously constructed of matter that excludes Phosphorus, or that prevents the inertia of Phosphorus by Hydrogen. 12. The exact constitution of the atmosphere of our earth is Hydrogen, Phosphorus, Nitrogen and Carbon. A mutual relation or interchange of atoms exists at all times between the animal and vegetable kingdoms of the earth. The atmosphere is the un- cohered crust or envelope of the planet within which all kingdoms have evolved. The crust is the cohered atmosphere or envelope from which the evolved king- doms secure their atoms of replenishment. The con- stitution of one, therefore, must be exactly the same as that of the other; and it is a simple illusion to sup- pose that one can possibly possess a constitution different from that of the other. Tin' crust cohered from outward, inward, and not vice versa. Innate recognition of the actual relations of die four gases which will lead the enquirer into the actual methods by which all meteorological phenomena are produced sustains the truth that no foreign element exists in the atmosphere outside the four universal gases men- 15 "tinned. The constitution of the glass of the spectro- scope, and it- effects also, sustain the same truth. 13. The natural absolute vibrations of each of the four different elements, in its functional relation with the others, are widely different. The special vibra- tion of Hydrogen results in Blue sensation, or in a state of cohesion that invariably produces Blue sensa- tion. All color identifies the final vibration of a special gas or gases. The special vibration of Phos- phorus results in Incandescent sensation, or in pale Yellow sensation, or in the Glitter of metals, or of any cohered matter in the inorganic kingdom, or of any organism within the higher kingdoms. Deep Yellow sensation is a double vibration of Phosphorus and Hydrogen, as seen in sulphur. An approach to even vibrations of these two elements, or a condition in which the vibrations of the Phosphorus are only partially reduced by those of the Hydrogen, results in Green sensation, or in cohered effects which can pro- duce only degrees of this sensation. Nitrogen, either in the atmosphere or in cohered matter, results in Red sensation, or in a state of cohesion that can only produce degrees of this effect. All recognition of colors, either by method or sight, is in the absolute only predominating vibrations of either of the four gases, or complex vibrations of any or all of them, which communicate their effects upon relative matter in the atmosphere, through the eye, to the termini of the optic nerve in the retina. Black sensation or effects results from Carbon. On account of the dangerous affinity between Phosphorus and Carbon, the latter element is greatly lacking in the eye of the animal kingdom. Consequently, the sensation received from the element Carbon may be termed either color or lack of color. The lachrymal secretion, which is rich in Blue, stands guard over the violent Phosphorus or Carbon-Phosphorus vibration in the eye and atmosphere, and permits the act which is 16 known as "seeing." Blue sky, blue flames, blue smoke, Mue organic matter, blue insects and animals. the blue blood and blue eves of the animal kingdoms, and blue fruits and flowers, are predominating Hydro- gen effects. Pursuit of investigation in any direction has sustained the truth, and will ever continue to sustain it. Yellow or golden clouds, clouds with a silver lining, a yellow or glittering sky, yellow sunlight, the luminosity of planets, "falling stars/' all manner of incandescence or phosphorescence, in combustion or without, the golden or silver glitter of metals or of any other kind of inorganic matter, the silver glitter of fishes, the glitter of the bodies or wings of insects, the sparkling of water, the yellow effects in the vegetable kingdom, the yellow feathers, hair, skin and excretions of the animal kingdom, yellow oils, all proceed from the intense vibrations of Phosphorus that have been partially or entirely subdued by the other gases. The Green color of the vegetable king- dom (chlorophyl) indicates relative vibrations of the Phosphorus of the soil under the protective and vehicular agency of sap, or water, or Hydrogen. The Green color within the bulb of the X Kay mechanism proceeds from even vibrations of Blue Hydrogen and Yellow Phosphorus (Electricity), and is simply a con- flicting mass of the atoms of these two elements. The Green sky, immediately after sunset, produces its effect from the natural Hydrogen constituent of the atmosphere and the reduced vibrations of the incan- descenl Phosphorus of the departing "sunlight." Shadows are refracted lines of Phosphorus atoms, or a change of the relation of the four gases that com- pose sunlight, or Light. Sunlight is a state of incan- descence that results from an increase of a normal state of Phosphorus. The darkness of night is a state of refraction lacking in the continuity of the Phos- phorus that causes incandescence. Hence, the cool 17 sensation, which results from Hydrogen, with the other gases, and the effects of dew. frost, night rains and night breezes. Red flames, red smoke, red sparks, red inorganic matter, from rubies to bricks, red fishes and Eruits and flowers, red feathers, and hair, and skin, and blood, red copper, and the red-hot state of metals, the rosy clouds of sunrise and sunset, the rosy hues of coral, and the dull, red algse of the ocean, all proceed from the subjective relation of the element Nitrogen to the superior vibrations of the other gases. The matter of the effects of rainbows and soap- bubbles will guide the investigator to conviction. All white sensations proceed from a subjective relation of the Phosphorous to the Hydrogen, with the aid of hidden Nitrogen and Carbon. White cumuli clouds show the effect of the Nitrogen of the atmosphere, also white steam. White starch, or the matter of cereals, white milk and other emulsions, the white skin of the Caucasian race, indicate superior vibrations of Phosphorous and Hydrogen, and hidden vibrations of Carbon and Nitrogen. The latter element is greatly lacking in the animal eve, except as free gas, hence the white effect. A certain relation of Carbon and Nitrogen in the eye would result in cohesion and opacity. It is known that cataracts of. the eye, or blindness, result from a foreign relation of Nitrogen, or Carbon, or both, as all opacity proceeds from a single cause. 14. All matter in the universe is either invisible, transparent, or possesses special or complex color. The Colors of cohered matter may be easily separated, when they will attach themselves to the special