1 r Bancroft Librae 
 
 u. c. 
 
 ACADEMY OF 
 
 PACIFIC COAST 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 Notes 
 
 on the 
 
 Location of Tiguex 
 
 By 
 
 Frederick S.^ Dellenbaugh 
 
 1905 
 
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 New MeYll\i540 to 1630. 
 
 This map is the result of more than ten years^.udy of the subject. It is entirely at variance with 
 the locations as accepted by students and writers up tome present. Tiguex heretofore has been placed at 
 Bernalillo, whereas it was far south of that point, as sho^iabove. 
 
 Drawing by F. S. DELLENBAUGH. ^^ From Breaking the Wilderness. 
 
\)tJUt&*f. (K, 
 
 115 
 
 Bancroft Library 
 
 Notes on the Location of Tiguex 
 
 CORONADO, in 1540, went from Cibola to the Rio Grande at Tuta- 
 haco. On up the river he came to Tiguex. Seven leagues 
 farther up the river he reached Quirex. 
 
 ESPEJO, in 1583, went ^up the Rio Grande from Mexico and reached 
 Tiguas. Six leagues farther up the river he came to Quires. Fourteen 
 leagues on up the valley was Cunames, and five leagues farther was 
 Ameies, which was fifteen leagues east of Acoma. It is perfectly clear 
 from this that Tiguas was southeast of Acoma. Espejo also says that 
 Quires was southeast of Acoma, and, as Tiguas was south of Quires, the 
 proof that Tiguas (evidently the same as Coronado's Tiguex) was south- 
 east of Acoma seems positive. Modern writers place it northeast of 
 Acoma, at the present Bernalillo. 
 
 O5JATE, in 1598, went up the Rio Grande. The first villages he 
 reached were forty-one leagues above a point identified with the present 
 El Paso. The name of one of these was Qualacu. 
 
 BENAVIDES spent about seven years in the Rio Grande region of 
 New Mexico prior to 1630. He was in charge of the church missions. 
 He was a very intelligent man, and it is proper to regard his statements 
 as fairly accurate. He says the first villages coming up the river from 
 Mexico were one hundred leagues south of Taos. They were Qualcu 
 and Senecu. This is apparently the same point at which Onate placed 
 his first villages forty-one leagues above El Paso. Fifteen leagues up 
 the river from Senecu was Sevilleta. Then there was a blank of seven 
 leagues. Then came the Teoas villages, evidently identical with the 
 Tiguex of Coronado and the Tiguas of Espejo. These villages extended 
 up the river from the first one, twelve or fifteen leagues. Then came an 
 interval of four leagues to the next village up the river, San pelipe, which 
 appears to be the same as the town mentioned by Onate. From San 
 Felipe it was about eleven leagues to Santa Ana, the location of which is 
 more easily fixed because it was about twelve leagues east of Acoma, 
 Thus Santa Ana and the Ameies of Espejo seem to have been very near 
 together. Tiguex, therefore, was down the river from a point twelve or 
 fifteen leagues east of Acoma. Consequently the site assigned to it by 
 modern writers at Bernalillo is not correct. 
 
 F. S. DELLENBAUGH. 
 
 NEW YORK, March 30, 1905. 
 
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