-so 
 
 REESE LIBRARY 
 
 OF THK 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 
 
 Received 
 Accessions No.. -Ste-J-^/.y Shelf No. __ 
 
 -SO 
 
ORCHIDS. 
 
 A DESCRIPTION OF 
 
 THE SPECIES AND VARIETIES GROWN AT 
 GLEN RIDGE, NEAR BOSTON, 
 
 WITH LISTS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF 
 
 OTHER DESIRABLE KINDS. 
 
 PREFACED BY CHAPTERS ON THE CULTURE, PROPAGATION 
 
 COLLECTION, AND HYBRIDIZATION OF ORCHIDS; THE 
 
 CONSTRUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF ORCHID 
 
 HOUSES; A GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS 
 
 AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THEIR NAMES; 
 
 THE WHOLE FORMING A 
 
 COMPLETE MANUAL OF ORCHID CULTURE. 
 
 BY 
 
 EDWARD SPRAGUE RAND, JR. 
 
 MJTHOR OF " FLOWFRS FOR THE PARLOR AND GARDEN," " GARDEN FLOWERS," 
 " BULBS," ' RHODODENDRONS," " THE WINDOW GARDENER," ETC. 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 BOSTON AND NEW YORK: 
 HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY. 
 SUbrrffre )9rr* v 
 
 1888. 
 
COPYRIGHT, J8/6. 
 Bv EDWARD SPRAGUE RAND, JR. 
 
 RIVERSIDE, CAMBRIDGE: 
 
 STEREOTYPED AND PRINTHD 
 H. O. HOUGHTON AND COMPANY. 
 
SDcfcicatiom 
 
 To 
 THE HORTICULTURAL CLUB. 
 
 H. HOLLIS HUNNEWELL. 
 HENRY WINTHROP SARGENT. 
 FRANCIS PARKMAN. 
 WILLIAM GRAY, JR. 
 CHARLES G. LORING. 
 CHARLES S. SARGENT. 
 FRANCIS L. LEE. 
 
 IN MEMORY OF MANY PLEASANT MEETINGS. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGB 
 
 INTRODUCTION . vii. 
 
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATED BOTANICAL WORKS REFERRED TO xviii. 
 
 CHAPTER 
 
 I. NATURE AND HABITS OF ORCHIDS .... 23 
 
 II. BEGINNING AND PROGRESS OF ORCHID CULTURE 31 
 
 III. CLASSIFICATION 36 
 
 IV. COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION ... 42 
 V. TREATMENT OF NEWLY IMPORTED ORCHIDS . . 47 
 
 VI. THE ORCHID HOUSE 51 
 
 VII. SEASONS OF REST AND GROWTH .... 62 
 
 VIII. SHADING AND WATERING ..... 66 
 
 IX. POTTING 72 
 
 X. CULTURE OF TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS ... 77 
 
 XL CULTURE OF EPIPHYTAL ORCHIDS .... 83 
 
 XII. DISEASES AND INSECTS 89 
 
 XIII. PROPAGATION AND IMPREGNATION .... 94 
 
 XIV. FLOWERING 98 
 
 XV. COOL TREATMENT OF ORCHIDS .... 102 
 
 XVI. ORCHIDS FOR PARLOR CULTURE . . . . no 
 
 XVII. HYBRIDIZATION OF ORCHIDS 115 
 
 XVIII. ORCHIDS FOR HOUSE DECORATION AND FOR THE 
 
 MARKET .123 
 
 XIX. HISTORY OF ORCHID CULTURE IN THE UNITED 
 
 STATES 130 
 
 XX. DESCRIPTIVE LIST 141 
 
 ALPHABETICAL TABLE OF THE GENERA, WITH THE TRIBE 
 
 TO WHICH THEY BELONG 414 
 
VI 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 LIST OF PRINCIPAL ORCHIDS GROWN AT GLEN RIDGE . . 419 
 
 LIST OF THIRTY CHEAP ORCHIDS FOR GENERAL CULTIVA- 
 TION 423 
 
 LIST OF TROPICAL ORCHIDS WITH CURIOUS FLOWERS, OR RE- 
 SEMBLING INSECTS, ETC 423 
 
 LIST OF THE CHOICEST ORCHIDS, COMBINING BEAUTY OF 
 
 FLOWER, ELEGANCE OF GROWTH, AND FRAGRANCE . 424 
 
 SIGNIFICATION OF THE NAMES APPLIED TO ORCHIDS . . 428 
 
 GLOSSARY 
 
 433 
 
 GAUEANDRA DEVONIANA. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 THE present volume has been in preparation many 
 years. As long ago as 1868, some of its chapters, 
 in somewhat different form, however, appeared in the 
 pages of the "American Journal of Horticulture." 
 Since then, the times have not been propitious for 
 the issue of a volume on a specialty, but at the 
 present time, the increasing interest in Orchid cul- 
 ture seems to warrant the publication. 
 
 The want has long been felt of a trustworthy 
 manual of culture adapted to the United States. 
 English publications on this subject are not to be 
 relied on, as the climate is so different from our own 
 that the rules they give are not applicable to us ; they 
 make no provision for the brightness of our sun, the 
 heat of our summer, the dry ness of our atmosphere, 
 and the cold of our winter. 
 
 To supply this want, is the object of this volume. 
 It has been the intention to give every department of 
 culture due consideration, and while every informa- 
 tion necessary to the beginner is given, the writer 
 trusts the volume may not be without value to the 
 experienced culturist. Although the work is mostly 
 
Vlll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 a record of personal experience, many hundred spe- 
 cies are described which we have never grown at 
 Glen Ridge. The object has been to render the 
 book one of ready reference, both for cultural direc- 
 tions and for descriptions of species. To accomplish 
 this, it has been necessary to draw largely from all 
 sources of information, such as the volumes of Eng- 
 lish and French writers and numerous articles in 
 foreign horticultural journals. Chief among these, 
 have been the " Orchid Grower's Manual," by Benja- 
 min S. Williams, and " Culture des Orchidees, par 
 Ch. Morel." 
 
 The greater portion of the cultural directions, and 
 most of the descriptions, are original, drawn from the 
 experience of the writer, now extending over many 
 years. As it is often very desirable for a beginner 
 to see what the flower of his plant looks like, a list of 
 illustrated books, in which Orchids are figured, is 
 given, and reference is made to the figures of each 
 species under the respective descriptions. 
 
 The list of species and varieties will be found very 
 full ; it is often most desirable to know what not to 
 grow, and no plant is recommended for general cul- 
 ture unless it possesses beauty of flower, fragrance, 
 or marked singularity of form. A good Orchid re- 
 quires no more room and calls for no more care than 
 a poor one, but as long as cultivators fill their houses 
 with the mass of trash kindly sent to them by friends 
 in the tropics, we shall find those who are disgusted 
 with Orchid culture. We call to mind a certain large 
 
INTRODUCTION. ix 
 
 house, not a hundred miles from New York, filled 
 with Orchids sent to the owner by friends in South 
 America ; ten dollars would have been a high price 
 for the whole collection of thousands of plants. A 
 friend once sent us from Mexico an immense case of 
 " Orchids," which on being unpacked was full of a 
 species of gray Tillandsia much resembling withered 
 pineapple crowns, of which the flower was a small 
 spike of inconspicuous red blossoms. The steamer 
 freight on this precious consignment would have 
 bought half a dozen fine specimen Cattleyas. We 
 must remember that Orchids are the weeds of the 
 tropics, and that by sending to a friend for Orchids 
 we run about as much chance of getting something 
 desirable as a foreigner would, who should send^ to a 
 New England farmer, and request a consignment of 
 the wild plants of New England. 
 
 Let it also be borne in mind there is no economy 
 in buying small plants at low prices. Orchids grow 
 slowly, and when weak do not bloom. 
 
 If a dealer wishes to disgust a beginner with Or- 
 chid culture, let him send him a dozen plants for 
 twenty-five dollars. Put the same money into two or 
 three good plants, and the result will be a virulent 
 attack of Orchid fever ; in the former case the pa- 
 tient is inoculated forever. 
 
 There is a vast field for Orchid culture in this 
 country. Orchids are the elite of the floral kingdom ; 
 they combine more of beauty, fragrance, and singu- 
 larity of structure, than any other family of plants, 
 
X INTRODUCTION. 
 
 and certain rules being observed, are generally as 
 easily grown as roses, pinks, and violets. 
 
 The recommendations of Orchids are so fully set 
 forth in the preface to a little volume on the sub- 
 ject, issued by James Brook & Co. of Manchester, 
 that we cannot refrain from a quotation. " The flow- 
 ers of Orchids are, without exception, the most cu- 
 rious and beautiful in nature. Their qualities taken 
 separately, would give eminence to a race of plants ; 
 the singularity of their shapes, their delicate and aro- 
 matic odors, and the richness and variety of their col- 
 ors, all being different from everything we meet with 
 elsewhere. In Orchid flowers these charming qual- 
 ities form a trio of recommendations ; and when, sat- 
 isfied with contemplating their hues and sweetness, 
 we turn to the plants themselves, we find among 
 them some of the most remarkable in the world as 
 regards structure, habitations, and the general phe- 
 nomena of life and renewal. 
 
 " Over and above their intrinsic loveliness Orchid 
 flowers possess rare and engaging qualities, which at 
 the moment we may not recognize, but which win 
 upon us daily. There is always a sound and hearty 
 reality about them. An Orchid flower means what 
 it says. It does not fall to pieces like a lily ; there 
 is no shedding of petals ; no dropping away from the 
 peduncle ; no self-decapitation like that of a fuchsia ; 
 no collapsing and dissolving like a spider-wort ; no, 
 there is never any of this ; the Orchid flower is neither 
 superficial or fugitive nor insincere ; it may be worn 
 
INTRODUCTION. xi 
 
 even for a long evening and be as fresh at the close, 
 as when newly gathered. If we mistake not, Orchid 
 flowers have a grand future before them, not simply 
 as shapes of beauty for the conservatory, to be ad- 
 mired and be left untouched, but as an absolute ne- 
 cessity even in completing in-door "dress. Some of 
 these Orchids, when they do change, actually grow 
 larger and more beautiful. Witness those extraordi- 
 nary species of the Venus' Slipper, the petals of which 
 are only an inch in length, when the flowers expand, 
 but which in four days' time grow to be a foot and a 
 half long, and endure for three weeks. 
 
 "Orchids not only fulfill the excellent use of foster- 
 ing good taste. The collection and culture of these 
 plants opens up new fields for the legitimate employ- 
 ment of wealth. While their flowers supply new and 
 exquisite materials for modest and becoming per- 
 sonal adornment, they greatly contribute, likewise, to 
 advance the knowledge of physiological science. 
 Therefore, we must not be hard upon them because 
 they supply so little of economic worth. Vanilla is 
 the only product of the race, that in England, at all 
 events, is ever utilized. Never mind. As the forest- 
 tree, that is green for a thousand years, can leave it 
 to the summer poppy to be gaudy, so the Orchids, 
 filling the soul with an ever new delight, may well 
 leave the food and clothing question to more homely 
 things. 
 
 " The special homes of epiphytal orchids are moist 
 woods upon the slopes of hills, chiefly in equinoctial 
 
Xll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 climates, where they suspend their graceful clusters 
 above the head of the admiring traveller ; some 
 mantle the trunks of prostrate trees, while a few trail 
 over mossy rocks, and a few others venture even to 
 crags close to the shore. The height above the sea 
 at which some of them occur is almost incredible ; 
 Oncidium nubigenum, for instance, is found in Peru at 
 an altitude of 14,000 feet, and Epidendrwn frigidum 
 where trees are unknown, and where snow is familiar. 
 
 " No single country is Orchidaceous par excellence. 
 Wherever heat and moisture are abundant, whether 
 it be in Asia, Africa, or America, there they exist in 
 profusion ; the principal stations being the forests of 
 Peru and Brazil, the lower mountains of Mexico, the 
 West Indies, Madagascar and the adjacent islands, 
 the damp jungles of Nepaul and Burmah, and the 
 whole of the Indian Archipelago, especially New 
 Guinea and Java. In Java alone, there have already 
 been found not less than three hundred species. 
 
 " Sierra Leone and the torrid countries watered by 
 the Niger, likewise teem with these brilliant epi- 
 phytes, showing how vast is the wealth yet to be 
 gathered. ' Such is their number and variety,' 
 Humboldt tells us, ' in the valleys of the Peruvian 
 Andes, that the entire life of a painter would be too 
 short to delineate all the magnificent forms which 
 adorn those deep recesses/ Contrariwise, in regions 
 where the heat is accompanied by great permanent 
 dryness, such as the sandy wastes of Arabia and 
 Africa, Orchids are nearly absent. Orchids, in a 
 
INTRODUCTION. xiii 
 
 word, of one kind or another, grow in all latitudes' 
 except the very coldest and the very driest, having 
 their maximum in the neighborhood of the equator 
 and their minimum in the extreme north, ceasing 
 only upon the threshold of the frozen zone. Let the 
 atmosphere be warm and pure and gently and plenti- 
 fully moistened, and they flourish ; damp without 
 warmth, foul air and stagnant water, they abhor ; 
 they never grow in pestiferous places, and in these 
 facts we find our first hints as to wise culture. 
 Every part of the world possesses its characteristic 
 species, and we might map it out into Orchid 
 provinces. Very curious features would arrest us 
 during the survey. How comes it, that those lovely 
 Asiatic Dendrobes, the peerless Phalaenopsids, and 
 many more of the orientals, so often have pendulous 
 stems, while in the Orchids of America we so gener- 
 ally find an erect habit of growth ? Why, again, is 
 there so much larger a variety of grotesque configura- 
 tion of flower in the Orchids of the Western conti- 
 nent than exists in those of the Eastern ? Why, yet 
 again, do the Cypripedes of cold and temperate coun- 
 tries often have leafy stems, while those of hot coun- 
 tries prefer leafless ones ? And, why in the whole 
 breadth of the world is there scarcely one absolutely 
 ^///^-flowered Orchid ? Many Orchids have a fine 
 blue spot, or wear an apron of blue silk, but an Or- 
 chid purely blue in every portion of the flower is said 
 to be found only in the HerscJiellia and the Thely- 
 mitra. One or two are named cceruleus and coeru- 
 
xiv INTRODUCTION. 
 
 lescens; but their color is only a delicate lilac-laven- 
 der. This almost total want of blue Orchids becomes 
 the more remarkable from the frequency of the color 
 in all the large nearly related families, unless in the 
 Amaryllids, which show much less than the Liliaceae 
 and Iridaceae. Every other hue is possessed by the 
 Orchids in abundance, and the richest variety, spot- 
 less pearl and the intensest crimson-violet forming 
 the poles, with everything there is in spring and sun- 
 set lying between. 
 
 " Orchids beset us with questions such as those 
 indicated, and ask more riddles than ever the Sphynx 
 proposed to travellers. Grotesqueness of flower- 
 shape, let us remember, so remarkable in the new 
 world forms, is one of the very special characteristics 
 of the entire family ; and probably a part of the in- 
 terest which Orchids excite in our minds comes from 
 their weird outlines and expression, so totally dis- 
 tinct are these from the physiognomy of all other 
 flowers in nature. It is now an old story that Or- 
 chid flowers present the simulacra of beasts, birds, 
 and fishes, reptiles and insects, yea, even of the 
 human figure, as in the droll Aceras anthropophora, 
 which dressed like an acrobat, in skin-tunic of green, 
 swings as if gibbetted in company with some fifty 
 other little felons. 
 
 " The Espiritu Sancto seems a white dove with ex- 
 panded wings. As for horns, antennae, antlers, tails, 
 ears, and other adjuncts, of shape the most eccentric, 
 there are enough to give a zoologist the agonies ; 
 
INTRODUCTION. XV 
 
 and when we have done with these, there are de- 
 vices and tintings enough for the fabrication of a new 
 heraldry. Looking at the comparative novelty of the 
 knowledge of Orchids, of course we have to re- 
 member that our forefathers had not opportunities 
 like our own, and that the countries producing these 
 plants were seldom visited. Orchids need not have 
 remained unknown, because they are diminutive and 
 short-lived. That some are pigmies is shown in the 
 little Drymoda ; but Oncidium altissitmtm has golden 
 panicles nine or ten feet in length ; many Dendrobes 
 and some of the Laelias measure as much from root 
 to apex, and the reed-like Sobralias in their native 
 countries are thrice the height of a man. So with 
 their duration. Excepting as to their flower stems, 
 no Orchids are either annual or biennial, while many 
 are absolutely longeval. Colonel Benson tells us 
 of a Saccolabium giganteum in Burmah, which he es- 
 timated by trustworthy marks to be above one hun- 
 dred years old. 
 
 " Living so long, Orchids, well managed, thus offer 
 not only beauty, but a thoroughly sound investment 
 for capital, their money value increasing every day, 
 and when of good quality they bring prices compar- 
 able with those of pictures. 
 
 "At a sale this last summer (1875), the following 
 prices were obtained : 
 
 "Cypripcdium Lowii, 220 shillings. Oncidium splen- 
 didum, eight bulbs, two young growths, 630 s. Sacco- 
 labium Russellianum, fourteen leaves, 588 s. Sacco- 
 
XVi INTRODUCTION. 
 
 labium guttatum, 1,305 s. Aerides margariticcum y 
 thirty-two inches high, 525 s. Vanda tricolor Rus- 
 selliana, 546 s. Aerides VeitcJtii, 725 s. Angrceciim 
 Ellisii, 200 s. Cattleya lobata, 300 s. Cypripedium 
 caudatum y 320 s. Cattleya Warneri, 562 s. Cat- 
 tleya Russeliiana, 882 s. Cattleya labiata Warneri, 
 609 s. Zygopetalum maxillare, 378 s. Cattleya 
 Dowiana, 550 s. Colax jugosus, 294 s. The whole 
 sale realized .2,211 14 s. 
 
 " These enormous figures of course imply excep- 
 tionally fine specimens, and need cause no alarm to 
 the intending cultivator. Orchids, as a rule, are not 
 more costly than other select plants ; their culture is 
 very simple, and there is no reason why every man 
 who has a conservatory, and who will lay out a little 
 money judiciously, and treat his plants tenderly and 
 lovingly, may not have it gay with these Orchid 
 treasures. Plants are marvelously docile. When 
 they die prematurely it is not of ' treatment ' but of 
 7;ztf/treatment, and with Orchids especially, as with 
 women and chameleons, their life is the reflection of 
 what is around them." 
 
 It is often urged that floral names are difficult and 
 meaningless. A little study and investigation will 
 show upon how slight a foundation this statement 
 rests. To aid in this, a copious glossary of botanical 
 terms and of the signification of Orchid names is ap- 
 pended. 
 
 In the second portion of the book there are many 
 Orchids described, in the growth of which the writer 
 
INTRODUCTION. xvii 
 
 has had no personal experience ; for cultural direc- 
 tions and descriptions of these, he is indebted to 
 those of other writers, among whom he may mention 
 Mr. B. S. Williams, author of the " Orchid Grower's 
 Manual." The many illustrated magazines have been 
 carefully studied, and it is hoped the directions may 
 be sufficiently explicit. 
 
 The chapter on History of Orchid Culture in the 
 United States, will be valuable as putting on record 
 facts which, now within the memory of the living, 
 might before many years have been forever lost. 
 
 For information and kind assistance, he would ex- 
 press his obligations to John A. Lowell, Esq., of Bos- 
 ton, Gen. John F. Rathbone, and Mr. Louis Menand, 
 of Albany ; George Such, of South Amboy, and Mr. 
 John Fleming, L. A. Lienau, and Isaac Buchanan, 
 of New York. 
 
 That there are errors both of commission and 
 of omission, in a volume embracing so great a range 
 is more than probable. 
 
 Experience will bring knowledge, and not only 
 develop new modes of culture, but demonstrate their 
 superiority, and it is to lead to the experiment of Or- 
 chid culture those by whom it is as yet untried, as 
 well as to aid the present Ochiologist, that the vol- 
 ume is given to the public. 
 
 GLEN RIDGE, Jamtary, 1876. 
 
LIST OF 
 
 ILLUSTRATED BOTANICAL WORKS REFERRED TO. 
 
 Abbreviations. 
 
 Bos. ATH^E . . . Library of Boston Athenaeum. 
 
 Bos. PUB. LIB. . . Library of City of Boston. 
 
 Bos. NAT. His. Soc. Library of Boston Society of Natural History. 
 
 E. S. R., JR. . . . Library of Edward S. Rand, Jr. 
 
 MASS. HORT. Soc. . Library of Massachusetts Horticultural So- 
 ciety. 
 
 HARV. COL. . . . Library of Harvard College. 
 
 AND. REP. . . . ANDREWS, The Botanist's Repository. 
 
 London, 1797-1811. lovols., 4to. Colored 
 
 Plates 1-664. 
 
 Lib. E. S. R., Jr. ; Mass. Hort. Soc. 
 BAT BATEMAN, The Orchidaceae of Mexico and 
 
 Guatemala. London, 1837-1843. Folio. 
 
 Map. Col. PI. 1-40. 
 
 Lib. Mass. Hort. Soc. 
 
 BAT. ist CEN. . JAMES BATEMAN, A Century of Orchid- 
 aceous Plants. London, 1849. I vol., 
 
 4to. Col. PI. i-ioo. 
 
 Lib. E. S. R., Jr. 
 BAT. 2d CEN. . . BATEMAN, JAMES, A Second Century of 
 
 Orchidaceous Plants. London, 1867. I 
 
 vol., 4to. Col. PI. i-ioo. 
 
 Lib. E. S. R., Jr. ; Mass. Hort. Soc. 
 
ILLUSTRATED BOTANICAL WORKS. XIX 
 
 BAT. ODON. . . BATEMAN, JAMES, A Monograph of Odon- 
 
 toglossum. London, 1864-74. Folio. 
 
 Col. PI. 1-30. 
 
 Lib. E. S. R., Jr. ; Mass. Hort. Soc. 
 BLUME, ORCH. . BLUME, Flora Javae Orchideae Luga Bat., 
 
 1858. Folio. Col. PI. 1-66. 
 
 Lib. E. S. R., Jr. ; Mass. Hort. Soc. 
 B. M CURTIS, Botanical Magazine. London, 
 
 1783-1876. 100 vols., 8vo. 
 
 Series I, vols. 1-53. 
 
 Series 2, vols. 53-70. 
 
 Series 3, vols. 71-100, and con. 
 
 Col. PI. 1-6205. 
 
 Lib. Mass. Hort. Soc. ; E. S. R., Jr. ; 
 
 Bos. Nat. His. Soc. ; Bos. Athae. ; Bos. 
 
 Pub. Lib. ; Harv. Col. 
 
 B. R EDWARDS, The Botanical Register. Lon- 
 
 don, 1815-47. 33 vols., royal 8vo. 
 
 Vols. 1-23. Col. PI. 1-2014. 
 
 Vol. 24, 1838. Col. PI. 1-68. 
 
 Vol. 25, 1839. Col. PI. 1-69. 
 
 Vol. 26, 1840. Col. PI. 1-71. 
 
 Vol. 27, 1841. Col. PI. 1-70. 
 
 Vol. 28, 1842. Col. PI. 1-69. 
 
 Vol. 29, 1843. Co1 - pl - I-6& 
 
 Vol. 30, 1844. Col. PI. 1-67. 
 
 Vol. 31, 1845. Col. PI. 1-69. 
 
 Vol. 32, 1846. Col. PI. 1-69. 
 
 Vol. 33, 1847. Col. PI. 1-70. 
 
 In all, 2702 Plates. 
 
 Lib. Mass. Hort. Soc. ; E. S. R., Jr. ; Bos. 
 
 Nat. His. Soc. ; Bos. Pub. Lib. 
 
 C. B Lindley. Botanical Collections, London, 
 
 1821. Folio. Col. PI. 1-41. 
 FL. CAB. . . . KNOWLES AND WESCOTT, The Floral Cab- 
 
XX11 ILLUSTRATED BOTANICAL WORKS. 
 
 zig, 1858-74. 2 vols., 4to. Col. PI. I- 
 
 200. 
 
 Lib. E. S. R. Jr. 
 REV. HORT. . . . Revue Horticole. Paris, 1855-76, and 
 
 continued, 20 vols. 1855-65, 24 Col. PI. 
 
 in each vol. 1865-76, 52 Col. PI. (ex- 
 cept during Franco-German War) in 
 
 each vol. 
 
 Lib. Mass. Hort. Soc. ; E. S. R., Jr. 
 Rox. CORM. . . . ROX^URG, Plants of Coast of Coroman- 
 
 del. London, 1795-1819. Col. PI. 1-300. 
 
 3 vols. 
 SERT. EOT. . . . Sertum Botanicum. Bruxelles, 1828- 
 
 1835. 7vols.,4to. ManyhundredCol.Pl. 
 
 Lib. E. S. R., Jr. 
 
 SERT. O. . . . . Sertum Orchidacaeum, Lindley. Lon- 
 don, 1837-42. Folio. 
 THOUARS, OR. AFRI. AUBERT DU PETIT THOUARS, Histoire 
 
 des Orchiddes des trois des Afrique. 
 
 Paris, 1822. 
 
 Histoire des Vegetaux des lies Aus- 
 
 trales d' Afrique. Paris, 1806. Col. PI. 
 
 1-24. 
 WAR. ORCH. . . . WARNER, Select Orchidaceous Plants. 
 
 London, 1862-75. 2 vols., 4to. 1862- 
 
 65, 1868-74. Col. PI. 1-40, and 1-40. 
 
 Lib. Mass. Hort. Soc. ; E. S. R., Jr. 
 WIGHT, Ic. ... WIGHT, I cones Plantarum India? Orien- 
 
 tales. Madras, 1838-53. 6 vols., 4to. 
 
 PL 1-2101. 
 
 Lib. Mass. Hort. Soc. ; E. S. R., Jr. 
 WIGHT, ILL. . . . WIGHT, Illustrations of Indian Botany. 
 
 Madras, 1838-48. 2 vols., 4to. Col. PI. 
 
 1-182. 
 
 Lib. E. S. R., Jr. 
 
XJNIVE 7 BSIT^ }; 
 
 ORCHIDS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 NATURE AND HABITS OF ORCHIDS. 
 
 THE primary division of Orchids is into two general 
 classes, those growing upon trees, and those growing 
 upon the ground, in other words epiphytal and terrestrial. 
 In hot countries the species are generally epiphytes ; in 
 temperate regions we find only the terrestrial classes. 
 These rules are not, however, without some exceptions ; 
 epiphytes often grow upon rocks or in earth (though in 
 both cases, the position is rather for support than one 
 of nourishment), and terrestrial Orchids abound in hot 
 countries. 
 
 The peculiar characteristics of Orchidaceous plants 
 will be fully described in a future chapter ; suffice it at 
 present to say that there is no order of plants the struc- 
 ture of whose flowers is so anomalous as regards the re- 
 lation borne to each other by the parts of reproduction, 
 or so singular in respect to the form of the floral envel- 
 opes. Orchidaceous plants inhabit all parts of the 
 world except those which are excessively dry or exces- 
 sively cold, both of which extremes of temperature appear 
 uncongenial to their nature. 
 
 They abound chiefly in regions with a mild climate, 
 moist and warm during the greater part of the year. 
 
24 ORCHIDS. 
 
 The flora of the temperate regions abounds in terres- 
 trial Orchids, which are, however, with some exceptions, 
 distinguished by flowers more remarkable for peculiarity 
 of form than for size and brilliancy of color. It is, how- 
 ever, in the tropical forests, that we meet with these plants 
 in full luxuriance ; here the species are mostly epiphytal ; 
 establishing themselves upon the branches of the trees, 
 they either vegetate amid masses of decaying vegetable 
 matter or cling by long succulent grasping roots to the 
 naked branches of trees, from which and the moist at- 
 mosphere they derive their nourishment. 
 
 They are also found abundantly on the banks of 
 streams near falls of water, where they are constantly 
 bathed in the rising spray. Some few species indeed 
 seem of a different nature, growing mostly on rocks ex- 
 posed to a broiling sun, their roots alone absorbing the 
 moisture of the dew. 
 
 In general, a certain degree of shade seems to be es- 
 sential to Orchids. In Brazil, they are found abundantly 
 in damp woods and rock valleys, embowered among foli- 
 age of the most luxuriant description. 
 
 In Nepaul, as stated by Dr. Wallich, the epiphytal 
 species grow in company with ferns ; and the thicker the 
 forest, the more stately the trees, the richer and blacker 
 the natural soil, the more profuse the Orchidaceae and 
 ferns upon them. There they flourish by the sides of 
 dripping springs, in deep shady recesses, in inconceivable 
 quantity, and with an astonishing degree of luxuriance. 
 
 We should, however, err, did we suppose that the prin- 
 cipal haunts of Orchids are the deep shady woods ; it is 
 even probable that just the contrary is the fact, and that 
 the cases just cited are extreme. 
 
NATURE AND HABITS OF ORCHIDS. 2$ 
 
 Orchids are chiefly found on the borders of the forests 
 or in the open glades or savannas ; it is seldom they are 
 met with in the primitive forests. 
 
 They are very abundant in Brazil, near Rio Janeiro, in 
 Mexico, in Colombia, in Trinidad, especially in moun- 
 tainous places and damp woods. In the East Indies, in 
 Java, Ceylon, Nepaul, and China, where they are princi- 
 pally found in the woods, on the borders of rivers and 
 mountain streams. The localities of Orchids are very 
 marked ; of some species only a single habitat is known ; 
 many are exceedingly rare, some only being known to 
 botany by a single dried specimen in a herbarium, and 
 others once known in our hot-houses are now lost to cul- 
 tivation ; some species now in cultivation have sprung 
 from a single imported plant. The Orchids of the East- 
 ern and Western hemispheres are entirely different, there 
 being no affinity between them. Orchids are also most 
 capricious in their locations j sometimes a river may be 
 ascended for miles and not an Orchid be seen, when on a 
 sudden turn of the stream every tree becomes covered 
 with them. The part of the tree on which they live is 
 also uncertain ; some are found close to the ground, 
 others a few feet high, others on the forks of the trunk 
 and branches, some only on the trunk, others only on 
 the branches, and many only on the topmost branches 
 of the loftiest trees, so high that they are only discover- 
 able by their delicious perfume. 
 
 Some varieties will only thrive when grown on the lower 
 side of a block, their native growth being on the under 
 side of a branch. Of these the fine yellow Cattleya (C. 
 citrind) is our most familiar example. 
 
 Where they find a congenial home, they grow to im- 
 
26 ORCHIDS. 
 
 mense size, increasing by the pseudo-bulbs in every di- 
 rection, and often covering a whole tree. In many cases 
 a large tree becomes a large bouquet of Orchids, for 
 many species with various colored curiously shaped flowers 
 are often found on the same tree. 
 
 While all the East Indian Orchids require a hot moist 
 temperature, many of the South American and Mexican 
 species will endure much cold without injury ; they are 
 sometimes found where the mercury at night descends 
 below the freezing point and where the leaves are covered 
 with hoar-frost ; thus the different species demand far dif- 
 ferent treatment, and from an ignorance of these require- 
 ments and peculiarities, have arisen many of the failures 
 which have hitherto attended their culture. 
 
 " A high mean temperature throughout the year, and a 
 climate either constantly humid, or at least, periodically 
 so, are atmospheric elements eminently favorable to the 
 production of these plants. All those species which 
 simply exist by clinging by their roots to the branches of 
 growing trees, and probably other species, must derive 
 necessarily their nourishment in a great measure, if not 
 entirely, from the moisture in a very elastic state that 
 surrounds them. And, although nature seems in general 
 to have provided for the scantiness of their food, by the 
 construction of them with a cuticle only capable of part- 
 ing by slow degrees with the fluid they receive by their 
 roots, yet it is obviously requisite that they should be so 
 situated as to be within reach of an abundant supply, 
 not only at the time when they are growing, but to a cer- 
 tain extent at other periods. Thus we find that the hot- 
 test countries if dry, and the dampest if cold, are des- 
 titute of them, while there is no instance of a country 
 
NATURE AND HABITS OF ORCHIDS. 2/ 
 
 both hot and damp, where they are not plentiful. It 
 may however be remarked, that the terrestrial Orchids 
 will bear a far greater degree of cold and drought than 
 the epiphytal species, their range is therefore much 
 greater, and the general remarks about Orchids must be 
 taken with a great degree of allowance in respect to this 
 class. 
 
 Notwithstanding the high temperature of Africa, they 
 are unknown in the sandy deserts and parched atmos- 
 phere ; yet they abound in Sierre Leone, where the cli- 
 mate is damp and are not infrequent in the jungles at 
 the Cape of Good Hope. 
 
 In the West India Islands, they exist in great quanti- 
 ties, particularly in Jamaica and Trinidad, not however 
 so much on the coast as on the lower ranges of hills. 
 
 At Rio Janeiro the mean temperature is 74 3' and 
 much higher inland ; the woods are so damp it is impos- 
 sible to dry plants ; and in such situations multitudes of 
 Orchidaceous plants occur. In the immediate vicinity of 
 Buenos Ayres, however, where the mean temperature is 
 67 6' and the air dry, epiphytes are unknown. No 
 country, however, exhibits in a more striking manner 
 than the East Indies the necessity of a hot and damp 
 climate for the production of epiphytes. In the Malayan 
 Archipelago, the mean temperature of which is estimated 
 at between 77 and 78, where the atmosphere is always 
 very damp, they are found in profusion. In Nepaul, 
 they occur upon the sides of the lower mountains, where 
 they grow amongst clouds and constant showers, while on 
 the continent of India they are almost wholly unknown, 
 except in the mountain valleys. 
 
 In Mexico and Central America, the provinces most 
 
28 ORCHIDS. 
 
 prolific in Orchids are Oaxaca, Honduras, and Guate- 
 mala ; they are also plenty upon the Isthmus. 
 
 The conditions of Orchid growth can thus be easily 
 stated. In their native countries they are exposed to a 
 dry season, during which they rest, and to a rainy season, 
 when the heat is higher and the air moist nearly to satura- 
 tion. To grow Orchids in any perfection, their native 
 climate must, to a certain extent, be imitated ; that is, 
 they must have a period of rest in a dry and compara- 
 tively cool atmosphere, and during their growth and 
 flowering they should be exposed to a high moist tempera- 
 ture. As Orchids principally grow on the trunks and 
 branches of trees, it is important that they should be 
 exposed to a free current of air, and also to the light. 
 The plants should not, however, be exposed directly to 
 the sun's rays, which are apt to scorch the leaves and 
 wither the flowers, and some species require constant 
 shade. 
 
 The great heat and moisture are only necessary while 
 the plants are in vigorous growth, and this period should 
 be during spring and summer, the best period of rest 
 being from November till March. It should be under- 
 stood that it is this long season of rest which predisposes 
 the plant to blossom. Of course these rules of growth 
 and rest can only be stated in general terms. There are 
 certain kinds which grow uninterruptedly throughout the 
 year. And again, even of those which go to rest periodi- 
 cally on the completion of their growth, it does not 
 always happen that their time of rest corresponds with 
 that of the largest number. As we come in course to 
 mention the different species, their proper time of rest, 
 if peculiar, will be indicated. 
 
NA TURE AND HABITS OF ORCHIDS. 29 
 
 It is not alone in the form of the flowers that the Orchi- 
 daceous plants differ from other members of the floral 
 world ; the tt hole structure of the plant is peculiar. The 
 roots are of four kinds. First, annual fibres, simple or 
 branched, of a succulent nature, incapable of extension, 
 and burrowing under ground, as in the genus Orchis. 
 
 Secondly, annual fleshy tubercles, round or oblong, 
 simple or divided, as in the various species of the same 
 genus ; they are always combined with the first, and ap- 
 pear to be intended as receptacles for matter fit for the 
 nourishment of the plant. 
 
 Thirdly, fleshy simple or branched perennial bodies, 
 much entangled, tortuous, or irregular in form, as in 
 Corallorhiza, or nearly simple and resembling tubers. 
 
 Fourthly, perennial round shoots, simple or a little 
 branched, capable of extension, protruded from the stem 
 into the air, adapted to adhering to other bodies, and 
 formed of a woody or vascular axis covered with cellular 
 tissue, of which the subcutaneous layer is often green and 
 composed of large reticulated cells. 
 
 The stem is often (as in some terrestrial species) merely 
 a growing point surrounded by scales, and constituting a 
 leaf bud when at rest, but eventually growing into a 
 secondary stem or branch on which the leaves and flowers 
 are developed. In other cases the growing point becomes 
 perennial, thickens, is scarred with the remains of leaves 
 which once grew upon it, and assumes the state of a 
 short, round, or ovate perennial stem or pseudo-bulb. 
 
 Or again, the rhizoma, instead of having pseudo-bulbs, 
 forms short stems which are terminated by one or more 
 leaves. 
 
 The leaves are very uncertain in their appearance; 
 
30 ORCHIDS. 
 
 usually they are sheathing at the base, and membranous ; 
 but in some species they are hard stalked, articulated 
 with the stem, and have no trace of a sheath. Frequently 
 they are leathery and veinless; as frequently they are 
 membranous and strongly ribbed, and both these condi- 
 tions may occur in the same genus, as in Cypripedium. 
 
 The peculiarities of the floral leaves and organs will 
 more properly be noticed in treating of the classification 
 of Orchids ; suffice it to say that the flowers are constructed 
 irregularly upon the ternary type, and consist of three ex- 
 terior and three interior pieces, of which the exterior are 
 usually nearly equal, and less brightly colored than the 
 interior. 
 
 On account of the peculiarities of growth and structure, 
 so unlike other plants, it was many years before any of 
 these plants were successfully cultivated in England. A 
 few were barely kept alive, but never flowered satisfac- 
 torily, and their successful culture was considered impos- 
 sible. Within the last forty years, however, their true 
 nature has been understood, until at the present day they 
 are cultivated with success, and bloom with a luxuriance 
 equal to that of their native haunts. To promote this 
 culture, and to call attention to the more remarkably 
 beautiful species and varieties, is the object of this 
 volume. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 BEGINNING AND PROGRESS OF ORCHID CULTURE. 
 
 IT had long been known from travellers that Orchid- 
 aceous plants, especially the epiphytal species, were 
 remarkable for brilliancy of color, extraordinary form, 
 and exquisite fragrance ; but for many years they were 
 only known to the horticultural world from dried speci- 
 mens in herbaria, where of course both color and per- 
 fume were lost, and often the flower itself pressed out of 
 shape. In time, however, a few living plants found their 
 way to England ; these were mostly of the hardier and 
 more common species, and, not receiving proper culture, 
 soon perished. Plants imported in good condition were 
 with difficulty kept alive, and never flourished. As they 
 came from a hot climate, they were constantly forced in 
 heat, no season for rest and the formation of flower buds 
 was given. Such treatment may be likened to keeping an 
 animal perpetually awake ; or keeping our forced grapes 
 or fruit trees in perpetual growth ; in either case, death 
 by exhaustion would be the result. 
 
 It may, however, be said, that in their native countries 
 these plants enjoy perpetual summer; this, as far as a 
 high temperature is concerned, is often the case, but the 
 rest is afforded by a decrease of atmospheric moisture 
 during certain seasons of the year ; and thus the force of 
 the argument is more apparent than real. 
 
 In fact, at the end of the last century, there were only 
 
32 ORCHIDS. 
 
 about a dozen poorly grown plants of this family in the 
 greenhouses at Kew ; from 1800 to 1815, about ten more 
 species were added to this little collection, and from 1815 
 to 1830 fifty-three new species and varieties formed, with 
 those we have mentioned, all the living plants of this 
 numerous family which we either possessed or had knowl- 
 edge of. Since 1830, constant additions have been made, 
 till to-day the number of Orchids introduced to cultiva- 
 tion is so great that we may safely say there is no family 
 of plants so rich in species and varieties. 
 
 What, then, have been the reasons which have operated 
 so unfavorably for the introduction and cultivation of Or- 
 chids ? The first and most natural was that they could 
 not be made to live in the climate of Europe. If any 
 were imported in good condition they were doubtless cul- 
 tivated like greenhouse plants. There being entire igno- 
 norance of their requirements and habits, they received 
 only the care ordinarily given to plants under glass. 
 That is, they were potted and watered in the ordinary 
 way, and the consequence was that few survived the ex- 
 periment. Cultivators knew nothing of the moist heat, 
 which is indispensable, or of the care necessary to be 
 taken for the preservation of the roots and pseudo-bulbs ; 
 in a word, the plants perished from a total want of all 
 the requisites for successful cultivation, and none cared 
 to repeat the experiment of their culture. 
 
 About the year 1820, Mr. Cattley, to whom is dedi- 
 cated the magnificent genus Cattleya, by a series of 
 experiments, arrived at the mode of successful culture. 
 His success was soon known, and many amateurs follow- 
 ing his example, sought to stock their hot-houses with 
 these beautiful plants. 
 
PROGRESS OF ORCHID CULTURE. 33 
 
 Many collectors were sent, at great cost, to the East 
 and West Indies to procure them, and the number of rare 
 and valuable Orchids received from these sources was 
 very large. 
 
 The cultivation of Orchids was soon attempted on the 
 Continent ; in Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, and Rus- 
 sia, large houses, devoted exclusively to the cultivation of 
 these plants, were erected, and soon boasted rich collec- 
 tions. France alone manifested little interest in their 
 culture, the only large collection being in the Museum of 
 Natural History in Paris. This fact is the more remark- 
 able, as the French have ever maintained the highest 
 place in all branches of horticulture. 
 
 About 1840, many species, hitherto unknown, were im- 
 ported by French amateurs, and their cultivation was 
 attended with marked success ; this led to further impor- 
 tations, until at the present time the collections are as 
 rich as those of any country. 
 
 From the year 1820, whence we must date the progress 
 of Orchid culture, there has been a constant improve- 
 ment ; difficulties which seemed insurmountable have 
 been gradually overcome, till at the present day there 
 is no bar to perfect success, though even now there are 
 many disputed questions and differences among the most 
 successful growers, as to the best methods of growing 
 some species. As the same species seem to grow equally 
 well under opposite modes of treatment, we can only 
 conclude that the plants very easily adapt themselves to 
 culture, and are by no means as capricious as has been 
 supposed. In fact in the Orchid houses, these plants 
 have acquired a beauty, and grow with a luxuriance 
 wholly unknown to them in their native haunts. 
 3 
 
34 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Species which in the wild state yield only two or three 
 curious blossoms, in cultivation have been brought to 
 produce from twenty to thirty, and in fact many plants of 
 the order submit to domestication as readily as our more 
 common garden flowers. 
 
 There seems to be no reason why Orchid culture should 
 not be far more popular than at present ; already the 
 number of species and varieties have increased from the 
 thirty known in 1820, to many hundreds, and the future 
 opens a vast field of progress. The island of Java alone 
 produces over three hundred species and varieties, from 
 which it may be seen what immense additions may yet 
 be made to collections. This is the more probable, as 
 the Orchid growing countries have as yet been imper- 
 fectly explored, and when in this connection we consider 
 the peculiar local habits of most Orchids, we may reason- 
 ably look for large and rich additions to our Orchid flora. 
 
 It must not be supposed that all of these many species 
 are equally beautiful. While we have many which for sin- 
 gularity of form, richness of color, and exquisite fra- 
 grance, excel all productions of the floral kingdom, there 
 are hundreds which are attractive only to the botanist, 
 and of which the flowers are insignificant ; but all are * 
 curious and interesting. 
 
 We have said that in the general distribution of Or- 
 chidaceous plants, those of North America (excepting 
 always Mexico and the Isthmus) are wholly terrestrial ; 
 there is, however, one epiphyte met with in the extreme 
 Southern States, where a species of Epidendrum (. 
 conopseum) is found upon the Magnolia glanca. 
 
 There is one cause which does much to retard Orchid 
 culture : the cost of the plant is so great, and the expense 
 
PROGRESS OF ORCHID CULTURE. 35 
 
 of culture in our climate so considerable, that it must al- 
 ways be confined to the rich ; indeed, at the .present time, 
 there are very few choice collections in the United States. 
 We trust, however, to be able to show that the cost of 
 culture may be much reduced ; and every year the plants 
 are becoming more plenty, and consequently cheaper. 
 
 Among those who have done much for Orchid culture, 
 may be mentioned, Pescatore, whose hot-houses at St. 
 Cloud contained one of the richest collections in Eu- 
 rope and whose magnificent plants have been illustrated 
 by the work on Orchids (bearing his name) by Linden, 
 which enriches some of our horticultural and private li- 
 braries. 
 
 In England, the sale collections of Messrs. Low of 
 Clapton, of Messrs. Veitch of Exeter, and Rollinson of 
 Tooting, and of William Bull and B. S. Williams, are 
 most extensive. 
 
 The Orchids of Mexico, the Isthmus, of Colombia, and 
 Brazil, have been chiefly brought into cultivation by the 
 French, while we owe most of the choice productions 
 of the East Indies to the enterprise of English collect- 
 ors. 
 
 The horticultural world owes a debt of gratitude to the 
 enterprise of M. Pinel of Rio Janeiro, and of M. Porte 
 of Bahia, through whom many of the finest Brazilian 
 species have been brought into cultivation ; to M. Linden 
 of Brussels, whose importations of Mexican Orchids 
 have greatly enriched our hot-houses; to Rev. C. S. 
 Parish, whose discoveries of East Indian Orchids have 
 added many new species to our collection ; and to Fred. 
 U. Skinner, who is worthily commemorated by some of 
 the most showy plants. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 CLASSIFICATION. 
 
 THE family of Orchids owes its chief peculiarities 
 to the following circumstances : 
 
 Firstly, The consolidation of all the sexual organs into 
 one common mass, called the column. 
 
 Secondly, The suppression of all the anthers, except 
 one, in the greater portion of the order, or two in the 
 tribe Cypripedetz. 
 
 Thirdly, The peculiar condition of the pollen, and the 
 anther which contains it. 
 
 Fourthly, The very general development of one of the 
 inner leaves of the perianth or petals in an excessive de- 
 gree, or in an unusual form. 
 
 Many botanists have devoted special attention to this 
 family, of whom we may mention, Bateman, Brown, 
 Hooker, and Paxton in England ; Brongniart and Rich- 
 ard in France, Linden, in Belgium, and Reichenbach in 
 Leipsic ; but Dr. Lindley has paid more attention to 
 their nomenclature and arrangement, and his classifica- 
 tion, which we follow, has been generally adopted. 
 
 These peculiarities of the order are in most cases very 
 striking, and are strongly manifested in the same flower ; 
 we also find the true nature of each part, indicated by 
 special cases of structure, occurring in different parts of 
 the order. 
 
 Thus in Cypripedium, not only are two lateral stamens 
 
CLASS1FICA TION. 3 7 
 
 furnished with anthers while the central stamen is anther- 
 less, but the stigma and style separate from the fila- 
 ments nearly to the base and the triple nature of the 
 former is distinctly shown, together with the relation of 
 its lobes to the other parts of the flower. 
 
 The pollen, which has so anomalous an appearance 
 in its waxy or sectile state, presents the usual appearance 
 of that substance in Goodyera and many Neottea. And 
 the irregularity of the labellum disappears in such genera 
 as Paxtonia, Thelymitra, and some others whose flowers 
 are almost as regular as those of a Sisyrinchinm. 
 
 In the classification of Orchids, the most important 
 characters seem to reside in the pollen, which in many 
 is consolidated into firm waxy masses of a definite num- 
 ber in each species, and in others is either in its usual 
 loose powdery condition, or is collected in granules or 
 small wedges, the number of which is far too great to be 
 counted. 
 
 Of those with waxy pollen masses, some (Malaxetz) 
 are destitute of any visible organs, or means by which 
 the masses are brought into contact with the stigma ; 
 others (Epidendrece) have strap-shaped caudiculae, which 
 are either bent down upon the masses themselves, or 
 serve to hold them together, without, however, forming 
 any organized union with the stigma ; while the remain- 
 der ( Vandecz) have a caudicula, which adheres firmly to a 
 gland found on the upper margin of the stigma, and sep- 
 arating freely from that organ. 
 
 The last form is much more distinct from the two first, 
 than they are from each other, and it may be requisite to 
 combine Malaxecs with Epidendrea, or to exclude from 
 the former not only Acanthophippium, Ccdogyne, and Pho- 
 
38 ORCHIDS. 
 
 lidota, but several other genera at present referred to 
 them. 
 
 The genera with powdery, granular, or sectile pollen, 
 cannot be classified so conveniently by modifications of 
 that part, but are readily divided into three natural tribes 
 by peculiarities in the anther. 
 
 In some (Ophrecz) the anther is erect, not hinged to 
 the column but continuous with it, and stands above the 
 stigma, the pollen masses having their points directed to 
 the base of the lobes of the anther. 
 
 In others (Arethusea) the anther is hinged to the col- 
 umn, upon the end of which it is placed transversely like 
 a lid. 
 
 And finally in others (Neotteoe) it is also hinged to the 
 column, but is placed at its back so as to be nearly par- 
 allel with the stigmatic surface. 
 
 If to these three we add the Cypripedea^ which has 
 two anthers while all the others have one only, we find 
 the order divided into seven tribes, of which the follow- 
 ing is a tabular view. 
 
 A TABULAR VIEW OF THE TRIBES OF ORCHIDACE^. 
 I. Anther one only. 
 
 A. Pollen masses waxy. 
 
 a. No caudicula or separable stigmatic gland. 
 TRIBE I. MALAXED OR MALAXIDE^E. 
 
 b. A distinct caudicula, but no separable 
 
 stigmatic gland. 
 TRIBE II. EPIDENDRE^E. 
 
 C. A distinct caudicula united to a deciduous 
 stigmatic gland. 
 TRIBE III. VANDE^E. 
 
CLASSIFICA TION. 39 
 
 B. Pollen powdery, granular, or sectile. 
 
 a. Anther terminal, erect. 
 
 TRIBE IV. OPHRE^E, OR OPHRYDE^E. 
 
 b. Anther terminal, opercular. 
 
 TRIBE V. ARETHUSE^E. 
 
 c. Anther dorsal. 
 
 TRIBE VI. NEOTTEJE. 
 
 II. Anthers two. 
 
 TRIBE VII. CYPRIPEDE.E. 
 
 From this general view of the classification of Dr. 
 Lindley, any cultivator can easily ascertain to which of 
 the tribes any Orchid which may bloom in his collection 
 belongs. 
 
 Each of these tribes subdivides itself into a greater or 
 less number of species, the determination of each of 
 which demands a special study of individual peculiari- 
 ties. 
 
 The geographical distribution of these different tribes 
 is interesting as illustrating the remarks in former chap- 
 ters. 
 
 By reference to the following table we shall see that 
 the greater proportion of the tribes Vandecz and Epiden- 
 dretz are found in the Indian Archipelago and in tropical 
 America ; it is in these two tribes, we must remember, 
 that the Epiphytal Orchids mostly range themselves ; the 
 European and North American species being confined to 
 three in the former tribe, and two in the latter. On the 
 other hand, the terrestrial species, which are mostly found 
 in the tribes Ophrea, Arethusea, and Neottece, are sparsely 
 represented in the Indian Archipelago and tropical 
 
40 
 
 ORCHIDS. 
 
 North Africa. 
 
 1 1 1 > 1 N 1 
 
 c? 
 
 Africa within the 
 Tropics. 
 
 Ov 1 O\ VO 1 1 1 
 
 5t 
 
 Mauritius, etc. 
 
 N N CO CO ""* N ' 
 
 ^ 
 
 South Africa. 
 
 i i 2 i i i 
 
 
 South America 
 beyond the Tropics. 
 
 1 1 1 *> ~ *- 1 
 
 ^ 
 
 America within the 
 Tropics. 
 
 <$ i-. ON CO N ON 
 
 BN 
 
 South Sea Islands. 
 
 2 i N i i M i 
 
 CO 
 
 HI 
 
 New Holland. 
 
 , "-> M to . , 
 
 I 
 
 Japan. 
 
 ^ w CO C^ CO | W 
 
 \? 
 
 China. 
 
 o * M co | ^i 
 
 CO 
 
 Indian Archipelago. 
 
 d \O ON f^ ON CO -< 
 
 U-> I-H O N 
 
 N 
 
 M 
 CO 
 
 Ceylon. 
 
 ^ * .t ^ ' 2 i 
 
 VO 
 
 Continent of India. 
 
 Tj- Tj- hH 1-1 1 
 
 g. 
 
 Northern India and 
 Nepaul. 
 
 VO 00 OO OO i-O M CO 
 i_r> LO ^" ^ 
 
 ON 
 00 
 
 North America. 
 
 <f N N CJ oo ON ON 
 
 VO 
 
 CO 
 
 Siberia and North- 
 ern Asia. 
 
 Ci | - OO M \o <$ 
 
 4 
 
 Europe. 
 
 co , M in M e, 
 
 M 
 
 Number of species 
 described. 
 
 O CO t^. ON OO O co 
 oo 10 oo if '"' r^ N 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 H 
 
 h 
 o 
 
 fc 
 
 ' I : : ' s 
 
 1 | 1 i I 1 I 
 
 1 I I 1 1 1 1 
 
 TOTAL . 
 
CLASSIFICA TION. 4 1 
 
 America (except Neottea, which is plentifully distributed 
 through both) and are abundant in Europe, North Amer- 
 ica, and even have twenty-eight representatives from 
 Ophrecz in Siberia, which class also gives one hundred 
 and thirty-five species to South Africa ; the tribe Are- 
 thusece is very largely represented in New Holland, there 
 being no less than one hundred and fifteen species. 
 
 It must, however, be stated that this tabular view of 
 Dr. Lindley is by no means complete ; the number of 
 species has largely increased, especially in the three 
 tribes Malaxecz, Epidendrece, and Vandecz. We give it as 
 the best that has yet been presented. 
 
 GOODYERA MACRANTHA. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION. 
 
 AS much depends upon the care used in the collection 
 of Orchids, and as the most healthy plants may be 
 ruined by careless packing and transportation, a chapter 
 on these subjects may not be out of place. It is easy to 
 collect Orchids which grow on the ground or on the lower 
 branches of trees. Those in healthy and vigorous con- 
 dition should be selected, as offering the greatest chances 
 of exportation in a living state. All, which by their foliage 
 appear to be of different species, should be collected, for 
 unless the plants are in bloom no judgment can be formed 
 of what the flower will be, and the foliage is no criterion 
 of excellence, many Orchids with insignificant foliage pro- 
 ducing the most gorgeous flowers. 
 
 It is not easy to collect Orchids which grow upon the 
 lofty trees, where their presence is only known by the 
 brilliancy of the flowers, or their powerful perfume. To 
 climb them, is almost impossible, on account of the height, 
 and not unattended with danger because of the poisonous 
 snakes which frequently lurk in the crotches of the 
 branches, or hide in the hollows of the trunk. 
 
 The only means of getting them is to cut down the 
 tree, which is by no means an easy task ; the wood is like 
 iron, and turns the edge of the best tempered axe ; this, 
 together with the immensity of the tree, presents almost 
 insuperable obstacles to collectors. When, however, the 
 
COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION. 43 
 
 tree has once fallen, the fall dislodges the reptiles which 
 may have harbored there, and the plants can then be 
 collected without danger. The collection, however, calls 
 for care and precaution ; if the branches on which the 
 plants are should be broken or rotten, the mass of the 
 plant should be detached, breaking or bruising the roots 
 as little as possible. If the branch is sound, it may be 
 cut on each side of the plant, taking care to leave suf- 
 cient wood for its growth on its arrival. It is noticeable 
 that plants, which in our stoves are still grown on the 
 same branch on which they naturally grew, are more 
 vigorous, flower oftener, and give stronger spikes of 
 bloom, and better flowers, than those which have been 
 changed. Where the plants grow on branches too large 
 and heavy for removal, the bark, with the plant attached, 
 may be removed, or a portion of the branch sawed off. 
 
 The roots of the plant should, in every case, be pre- 
 served as far as possible, and should not be detached 
 from the bark or wood. The mosses and other little 
 plants which grow with the Orchids should in no case be 
 removed from them ; they help to keep the plants in 
 good condition during the voyage of importation, and are 
 in themselves often valuable additions to our stove plants : 
 in this way many interesting Begonias, Ferns, and Brome- 
 lias have been imported. 
 
 It is important that collectors should use all possible 
 discrimination in the selection of plants, and as far as 
 possible ascertain the character of the flower, though, as 
 we have said, none should be discarded because the 
 flower is unknown. The species most desirable for our 
 hot-houses are those with brilliant flowers, but many with 
 insignificant bloom may be most interesting to the botan- 
 
44 ORCHIDS. 
 
 1st; these should be preserved in herbaria, and notes 
 taken of their peculiarities of growth and location, in 
 order, as far as possible, to aid in their classification. 
 The points which should be especially observed are the 
 size and the form of the flower, the color of the perianth 
 and labellum, the number of flowers, the height of the 
 flower stalk, the point from which it springs, whether the 
 base, the middle, or the top of the pseudo-bulbs, the 
 form and disposition of the leaves, the shape of the bulbs 
 and their markings, and finally, any other peculiarity which 
 may attract attention. 
 
 The woods or places where the plants occur should be 
 noted, whether more or less shady, warm or cool, the 
 temperature by day and night, and whether wet or dry. 
 All this information is valuable to those who receive the 
 plants, as thereby they are enabled to adapt their culture 
 to the requirements of the plant. 
 
 A collection once made should be forwarded as soon 
 as possible. There are many modes of packing, of which 
 the most simple is to envelop the plants in moss, pack- 
 ing them tight in a basket. This method, however, has 
 but little chance of success, only the hardier Orchids sur- 
 viving the voyage, most plants dying from want of mois- 
 ture. 
 
 They are often sent in wooden boxes, instead of bas- 
 kets, with a few holes bored for air ; these retain moisture 
 longer than the baskets, and about a fourth of the plants 
 survive. Importations made in close wooden cases, the 
 seams of which have been tarred, arrive safely, if the 
 passage, is not very long. Where the plants have been 
 carefully packed, wrapped in moss, the decayed and in- 
 jured bulbs removed, and the plants placed on openwork 
 
COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION. 45 
 
 of bars running across the case, the results have been 
 most satisfactory. 
 
 Where moss cannot be procured, it is better to use 
 shavings than either hay or straw ; if the plants should 
 start into growth during the voyage, the young 'roots 
 would attach themselves to the shavings. The best way, 
 however, to import Orchids, is in glass cases. 
 
 The larger plants are placed on the bottom of the case, 
 and are held firmly by brass wire, nails are driven into 
 the sides of the frame and the span roof, to which plants 
 are suspended : all nails and wire should be of brass or 
 copper, as iron rusts. Care must be taken that the plants 
 do not rub against each other, which is easily prevented 
 by securing each one with wire. 
 
 These cases must be made perfectly air-tight ; all joints 
 should be hermetically sealed. On arrival, care should 
 be taken to not expose the plants too suddenly to the 
 external air. There are many Orchids of very small size 
 and delicate growth, such, for instance, as Cortiparcttia, 
 Sophronitis, Burlingtonia. These should be sewed in a 
 mat, and lightly covered with moss. The mat, so dis- 
 posed as to bring the layers of plants one above the 
 other, is placed in a glass case, and it is seldom the plants 
 do not arrive in good condition. 
 
 When very large masses of bulbs are to be sent, it is 
 better to pack them in a basket, fixing them in position 
 with bars of wood, tying the pseudo-bulbs strongly to- 
 gether, packing moss between to prevent them from 
 touching each other. 
 
 The moss used should always be dry ; if green or wet 
 it causes the plants to rot, and almost always destroys 
 them. 
 
4 6 
 
 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Before packing the plants, they should be carefully ex- 
 amined j it is necessary to remove all decaying or injured 
 bulbs, and also to dislodge any insects that may lurk 
 among the plants, and which would during the voyage 
 live' upon the new roots and young shoots ; this precau- 
 tion is too often neglected. 
 
 Orchids should not be packed until the time for em- 
 barking them ; their stay in the cases is a period of forced 
 repose, and should be made as short as possible. The 
 cases should be placed in a light and convenient place so 
 they can be removed on arrival without delay. 
 
 The insects most injurious to Orchids during the voy- 
 age are cockroaches, which swarm in every ship ; one ben- 
 efit derived from hermetically sealed cases is the perfect 
 safety from these insects, and the exclusion of the salt air, 
 which seems fatal to Orchids. 
 
 CATTLEYA ACKLANDI/B. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 TREATMENT OF NEWLY IMPORTED ORCHIDS. 
 
 AS soon as the plants are unpacked from the cases, 
 they should be placed in a shady part of the Orchid 
 house ; not at once in great heat, but where the tempera- 
 ture is moderately warm and where they will not be ex- 
 posed to draughts of air, for having been so long confined 
 in close cases, any immediate exposure to atmospheric 
 changes would prove injurious. It is a good plan to 
 cover them with an awning, in order to guard against too 
 much light. 
 
 It is not best to unpack the cases in the Orchid house, 
 for almost always cockroaches will have found their way 
 into the cases, and these once domesticated in an Orchid 
 house are with difficulty extirpated. Every portion of 
 the plants should be carefully sponged to remove scale, 
 with which Orchids are much infected. All withered, 
 decayed, and dead roots and pseudo-bulbs should be 
 removed with a sharp knife. Where large plants are 
 received, they are often incumbered with masses of long, 
 tangled roots ; these should be carefully disentangled by 
 hand and the dead portions removed, care being taken 
 not to bruise the living parts or the young spongioles 
 which often shoot out from old roots. 
 
 Care must also be taken not to injure the eyes, which 
 may have developed at the base of the last year's bulbs, 
 or to bruise any tender foliage. 
 
48 ORCHIDS. 
 
 The living roots of Orchids are green within ; as soon 
 as they die they become soft, and the thread (so to speak) 
 running through the middle grows hard and woody thus 
 it is easy to tell what portions should be removed. Any 
 roots entirely dead should be cut off close to the base of 
 the pseudo-bulbs. 
 
 Where the plants are very large, they may often be 
 divided to advantage, but it is not best to attempt this be- 
 fore they show signs of growth. Should the plants, how- 
 ever, be so large as to be unmanageable and the future 
 eyes be developed, it may be well to divide into as many 
 plants as there are eyes. This, however, will be seldom 
 done by the amateur, for it is his object to have large and 
 fine specimens, but must be resorted to by florists who 
 wish a stock for sale. The plants obtained from florists 
 are generally so small that a growth of a dozen years is 
 necessary to make a specimen, and the flower of a small 
 plant gives but little idea of the magnificent effect pro- 
 duced by a specimen. 
 
 It not unfrequently happens that the upper part of a 
 pseudo-bulb is decayed while the lower is sound and 
 has healthy eyes at the base. In this case the diseased 
 portions may be cut away without injury to the plant, and 
 frequently the shoots developed from a plant thus treated 
 are stronger and more healthy than those from sound 
 bulbs. 
 
 It is not necessary that the pseudo-bulbs should have 
 leaves ; these are frequently lost in importation, and if 
 the bulb is ripe, the health of the plant or its power to 
 produce eyes are not visibly affected ; all bulbs, however, 
 which are alive and sound should be preserved, as they 
 are most necessary to the plant. 
 
TREATMENT OF IMPORTED ORCHIDS. 49 
 
 In separating large masses of bulbs, three or four 
 pseudo-bulbs at least should be given to each new plant, 
 the newest of which will always have the eye for the new 
 growth. These old bulbs are necessary for the nourish- 
 ment of the new growth, and from them we may often 
 cause eyes to break forth and thus form a fine specimen. 
 
 Even if a pseudo-bulb appears dead, and if the roots 
 are all gone, if it is at all green and without decay, it 
 should not be cast aside, for it may produce eyes under 
 careful treatment. 
 
 With such plants as Epidendrums, Lelias, and Cattleyas, 
 the top of the bulb is often dead, but the bottom fresh 
 and in good health. If after removing the dead or de- 
 cayed portions we can save even a small part of the bulb, 
 we need not despair of the formation of a new plant. 
 
 Some Orchids, as Huntleya for example, have no pseu- 
 do-bulbs ; if the leaves of such have fallen off during the 
 voyage, the crown with living roots attached must be 
 carefully preserved ; even if it appears dead it will gen- 
 erally produce a new shoot. 
 
 Sometimes we receive large masses of plants with large 
 pseudo-bulbs, such as Onddium, Zygopetalum, Peristeria, 
 and Odontoglossum, where the whole lower part of the 
 bulbs is decayed ; in such cases all the rotten or diseased 
 portions should be cut away and the plants placed in the 
 Orchid house either on a shelf or potted. Smaller bulbs 
 will not unfrequently form on the top of the old bulbs, 
 throw out roots, and derive nourishment from the rest of 
 the bulb, and in time make good plants. 
 
 When the plants are thus all clean, they should be laid 
 in dry moss or sand in a rather cool and dry part of the 
 house and shaded as we have said. The moss or sand 
 4 
 
5O ORCHIDS. 
 
 should be gradually moistened, and when the plants be- 
 gin to grow and make roots, they should be potted or put 
 on blocks or in baskets ; but care must be taken not to 
 have the pots too large, as over-potting is dangerous. 
 
 As soon as they begin to grow those which come from 
 the hotter parts of India should be put at the warmest 
 end of the house ; but they should not have too much 
 moisture at first. Those which come from more temper- 
 ate regions should be kept at the coolest part of the 
 house, care being taken not to allow any drip to fall upon 
 them, which frequently rots the young shoots as soon as 
 they appear. 
 
 Such plants as Vandas, Saccolabiums, Aerides, Angrcecums, 
 Phalanopses, should be fastened on blocks as soon as 
 they are received, and so placed that the plants hang 
 downward in order that no water may lodge about them 
 till they begin to grow and form new roots. 
 
 In fine, the treatment is to keep the plants without 
 excitement until they show signs of growth, then to stim- 
 ulate gently until the growth is developing, then pot and 
 treat as old established plants. 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 THE ORCHID HOUSE. 
 
 THE construction of the house is a most important 
 part of Orchid culture. The first conditions to be 
 secured for the health and growth of the plants are a 
 moist and warm atmosphere, and the house must be built 
 with a special view to this end. 
 
 We often see collections of Orchids in greenhouses, 
 where all the requisites for their growth are wanting, 
 crowded with greenhouse plants, drenched at one time 
 with water and then again allowed to dry up, subjected to 
 cold draughts of air and exposed to a burning sun. Is 
 it a wonder they never thrive? that year by year they 
 dwindle and die till at last only a few of the hardiest spe- 
 cies such as Ontidiums, Stanhopeas, and Peristerias survive, 
 and these weak and sickly ; and if they bloom at all they 
 throw up such weak spikes of bloom that the owner in 
 despair throws away the whole collection. The failure is 
 not surprising ; Orchids cannot be grown successfully 
 with other plants, though in an Orchid house many of 
 the beautiful variegated leaved plants, which like Orchids 
 require a moist heat, may be grown with perfect success, 
 and a collection of hot-house ferns adds to the Orchid 
 house the foliage Orchids often want. 
 
 Orchids must then have a house to themselves. This 
 need not, however, be a separate building ; a portion of 
 the greenhouse divided off by a glass partition in which 
 
52 ORCHIDS. 
 
 the requisite heat can be obtained, will answer perfectly 
 well for most Orchids, and the plants may be rested in 
 the greenhouse. 
 
 To grow Orchids with perfect success and where there 
 is a large collection, we need three separate houses or 
 apartments, the Stove or East Indian House, the Inter- 
 mediate or Mexican House, and the Resting House. 
 
 The best aspect for an Orchid house is north and 
 south, that is, if span-roofed, the house should run east 
 and west ; if the house is " lean-to " let it face the south- 
 east. 
 
 There has been much difference of opinion in regard 
 to the adaptation of lean-to houses to Orchids. In Eng- 
 land and the continent all the most successful growers 
 use span-roofed houses, and we have no hesitation in 
 pronouncing them better adapted to the growth of the 
 plants. The one argument in favor of lean-to houses 
 which is of any weight is, that they are more easily kept 
 at the necessary temperature, which in our cold winters 
 it is difficult to preserve. If however, we make our 
 houses low, and an Orchid house should be only about 
 thirteen feet high, a span-roofed house is easily heated. 
 
 A small house may be from thirty to fifty feet in length 
 by twelve feet wide (or if span-roofed double this width). 
 It should be built like a pit, the floor of the house being 
 about three feet below the level of the ground. The walls 
 should be brick or stone as high as the ground surface ; 
 on this a heavy frame should be laid, and then sashes 
 with heavy uprights reach to the frame supporting the 
 roof; the whole height from the ground inside to the 
 slope of the roof should be about six feet. The whole of 
 the front wall is often built of brick, which possesses 
 
THE ORCHID HOUSE. 53 
 
 many advantages, the only objection being the obstruc- 
 tion of light. The pitch of the roof should be 30 to 33, 
 The glazing should be close, the larger the plates the 
 better, but they should not be above a foot in width. The 
 northerly end should always be of brick work as being 
 warmer and affording a convenient place for the growth 
 of climbing ferns and small Orchids. The southerly end 
 should be glazed with smaller glass than the roof, say 
 twelve to fifteen inches long by eight or twelve wide. 
 In a lean-to house the back wall should be of brick, as 
 being more durable, but wood may be used. 
 
 A table about a foot wide should extend along the 
 front of the house. The pathway should be two or three 
 feet wide, along the side of the house, if a lean-to ; if a 
 span-roof, it may be through the centre, with broad tables 
 on each side, or, as we consider the best and most effec- 
 tive arrangement, a wide table may run all around the 
 house, and the walk may be all round a wide central 
 table. The side tables may be about three feet high ; the 
 centre should be a little lower if intended for large plants. 
 Arrangements should be made for a large tank in the 
 centre of the central table. 
 
 In the Orchid house at Glen Ridge, the shelves are of 
 galvanized iron wire netting strained to angle irons and 
 supported by iron standards fixed in the cement of the 
 floor ; these shelves are over the hot-water pipes, and are 
 covered with sphagnum moss, on which the pots are 
 placed. The moss is kept moist and thus a gentle warm 
 moisture is always rising round the plants. Close to the 
 glass, shelves of heavy plate glass are fitted, which afford 
 an admirable place for small Orchids or small pots. The 
 central table is of gray stone brick with marble capping, 
 
54 ORCHIDS. 
 
 and contains three tanks, the water of which is kept at 
 different temperatures by hot water pipes. In these 
 tanks the blue and red water-lilies (Nympkcea ccerulea 
 and Devoniana) grow and bloom profusely. The ends 
 of the house are of coarse brick, wire netted ; the space 
 between the brick and the wire is filled with sphagnum in 
 which ferns, Pothos, ^Eschynanthus, Ctssus, and Vanilla 
 grow luxuriantly ; so the whole forms a wall of graceful 
 green. In the whole house there is nothing that can de- 
 cay from moisture : all is brick, iron, glass, or cement. 
 
 Ventilation should be afforded by openings in the front 
 wall and sliding sashes in the roof ; but care should al- 
 ways be taken to allow the air to pass over a heated sur- 
 face before coming in contact with the plants. If we do 
 not wish to paint or wash the glass, it will be necessary to 
 provide a canvas awning so arranged as to be spread 
 and removed at pleasure. It is also well in our more 
 northern States to have wooden shutters fitted to the out- 
 side of the roof for the protection of the plants in cold 
 winter nights. 
 
 A potting room should be provided connected with the 
 house and heated in order that the plants when removed 
 to it may not be chilled. 
 
 A larger house may be built on the same plan, only 
 taking care not to increase the height. Orchids never do 
 well in a high house. The interior arrangements may 
 vary considerably according to the taste or fancy of the 
 owner. 
 
 The material used for greenhouses is usually wood, 
 but where it can conveniently be obtained, iron is far bet- 
 ter. A house made of brick, iron, and glass would last an 
 indefinite time and beyond an occasional coat of paint 
 
THE ORCHID HOUSE. 55 
 
 and the replacing any broken glass would need no re- 
 pairs. The constant moisture of an Orchid house rots 
 wood-work very quickly, and a wooden house always af- 
 fords many safe lurking-places for noisome insects. The 
 only advantage of a wooden house is that the moisture 
 condenses less rapidly. 
 
 Where the rafters are all made of iron, the condensa- 
 tion is very great, and the continual dropping may injure 
 the plants ; but by making a small groove in each sash bar 
 to allow the water to run down to the bottom of the bar, 
 where a small zinc gutter may be provided to receive it, 
 this objection is removed. Even in a wooden house it is 
 a good plan to channel the sash bars and provide in the 
 same manner for carrying off the water. 
 
 Unless we design to have a number of houses for Or- 
 chid culture, it is best to divide the house in the middle 
 by a glass partition ; this will give us two houses, one for 
 Orchids which come from the warmer parts of India, near 
 the heating apparatus, and the other for those which 
 come from cooler climates and which require less heat 
 and moisture. 
 
 INTERIOR ARRANGEMENT. 
 
 The tables around the sides of the house are for the 
 smaller pots. A slight trellis-work fastened to any back 
 or side wall is useful for such plants as Vanilla and Ren- 
 anthera ; it should be set out a few inches from the wall, 
 in order that the roots of the plants may not be chilled by 
 a cold surface. 
 
 In the arrangement of plants care should be taken to 
 place the largest and tallest growers in the centre of the 
 table, and to grade down the plants to the sides, as thus 
 
56 ORCHIDS. 
 
 a symmetrical effect is produced. Some growers prefer 
 stages or shelves, but the arrangement on tables seems 
 preferable to all others. 
 
 The tables are often made hollow and filled in with 
 moss or sand, through which a heating pipe passes, thus 
 giving a gentle bottom heat ; the plants are either placed 
 on the moss or the pots plunged in it. Some plants 
 grow most luxuriantly under this treatment. Of course it 
 is necessary to keep the moss constantly wet. 
 
 The tables should be of brick or slate laid on cement, 
 or, as we prefer, of galvanized wire as in the house at 
 Glen Ridge. Cisterns for water should be provided, 
 supplied with rain-water from the roof of the house ; 
 these should be warmed by the heating pipes being 
 carried under them. A good place for these cisterns is 
 all along the sides of the house ; then the pipes can run 
 under them the whole length, and a shelf for plants may 
 be placed on top of them. The best material for table is 
 slate or wire ; the best for floors is soft flagging which 
 will hold moisture, or cement. 
 
 All tables should be so arranged as to hold water or 
 wet moss ; the pots should be placed on pebbles or moss, 
 in the water during summer, but in winter the shelves 
 should be dry. 
 
 Plants in baskets or hanging pots should be suspended 
 to the rafters over the walks, as thus no drip comes upon 
 plants below. The accompanying plate represents a very 
 neat and convenient contrivance for suspending these 
 plants. It should be made of iron, galvanized, and is 
 so arranged that the plant may be turned round without 
 removing it from the rafter. 
 
 A very pretty effect may be produced in an Orchid 
 
THE ORCHID HOUSE. 57 
 
 house by entirely dispensing with shelves, staging, and 
 tables, and fixing in the ground large branch- 
 ing trunks of trees with the bark on. The 
 Orchids are fastened to these, nestle on the 
 forks, climbing ferns and tropical plants are 
 twined round the trunk, and terrestrial plants 
 may be made to grow in the hollows of the 
 trunk, and thus the interior of the house may 
 resemble a tropical forest. The plants suc- 
 ceed perfectly under this treatment, and the 
 effect produced is charming. 
 
 This mode of culture, however, requires great 
 care, as the plants are thus more exposed to 
 the attacks of insects and being fixed in posi- 
 tion cannot, at the resting season, be removed 
 to the cooler house. 
 
 However the plants are arranged they should 
 not be allowed to touch or rub each other; 
 there is nothing gained by crowding, but both 
 the health of the plant and the general effect 
 may be destroyed. It is better to grow a dozen plants 
 well than a hundred poorly, and free light and air are 
 essential to the health of Orchids. 
 
 HEATING. 
 
 There is nothing better for heating an Orchid house 
 than hot water. The heat thus obtained is more equal, 
 moister, and less exposes the plants to a change of tem- 
 perature, than either steam or hot air. In these two latter 
 methods the pipes lose their heat as soon as the fire goes 
 out, while in the former, the heat is retained for several 
 hours. A proper regulation of the heat is one of the req- 
 uisites for the successful cultivation of Orchids. 
 
58 ORCHIDS. 
 
 During the winter season, the greater proportion of the 
 plants are at rest ; it is not therefore necessary to main- 
 tain a high .temperature. When the sun is in position 
 to warm the houses, the heat should be slackened in the 
 pipes, but should be again turned on just before the sun 
 leaves the houses. 
 
 It is well to begin to put fires in the Orchid houses 
 about the middle of September, for then the nights are 
 cold ; but at this time also the supply of moisture should 
 be reduced. In summer fire is only needed during long, 
 cold storms. During the winter months, until the end of 
 February, the heat should be rather dry than moist, and 
 never excessive. 
 
 It is advantageous to have open water pans or basins, 
 through which hot-water pipes pass, which give out vapor, 
 which is beneficial to the plants. The water in these 
 pans should be frequently renewed, as thus a pure, clean 
 atmospheric moisture is preserved. Pipes are now made 
 with these basins on top. 
 
 In heating with hot water, three rows of four-inch pipe 
 should run round the house, and two round each centre 
 table inside of the brick work on which the table rests, or 
 the pipes may run through water cisterns which will 
 always give a moist heat, and in cold weather or the rest- 
 ing season the water can be drawn from the tanks and a 
 dry heat obtained. Small ventilators, made to open and 
 shut, should be inserted into the brick work of the tables 
 on each side, so as to allow heat and moisture to pass into 
 the house when required. There should be means pro- 
 vided for going under all the tables by means of little 
 doors in order to examine the^ pipes if at any time they 
 are out of order. 
 
THE ORCHID HOUSE. 59 
 
 A brick flue may be used for heating, with pans placed 
 on the top for the evaporation of water, but care must 
 be taken to prevent any escape of smoke or gas into the 
 house. 
 
 VENTILATION AND TEMPERATURE. 
 
 A careful system of ventilation is of great importance. 
 Let us bestow every care upon Orchids, all will be in 
 vain if we allow cold air to pass among them : the plants 
 will not thrive. Ventilators should therefore be provided 
 near the ground in the front wall close to the heating 
 pipes so that the air may be warmed as it enters the 
 house ; they may also be constructed in the brick- work at 
 the north and south ends. These ventilating spaces may 
 be closed by wooden shutters or by sliding slates ; they 
 should be two feet long and one foot wide, and should be 
 left every twenty feet ; if the house is span-roofed they 
 should be on each side, 
 
 If the top lights are made to slide or rise, any ventila- 
 tion desired may be easily afforded ; but if not, ventilators 
 should be placed in the ends of the house near the roof, 
 which is a far better arrangement, but even with sliding 
 sashes the ventilators on the front must not be dispensed 
 with. As a general rule the air of the Orchid house 
 should be changed once a day ; this is best done by ven- 
 tilating into other houses ; therefore it is a good plan to 
 have the Orchid house a central house. The temperature 
 should be about 50 in the coldest weather ; if allowed to 
 fall much lower the plants will be chilled. During the 
 season of rest, which with most Orchids is from November 
 to February, the temperature should not be much higher. 
 This season of rest is essential to the production of a 
 
60 ORCHIDS. 
 
 strong growth and fine flower. If the same heat is 
 always maintained and constant moisture afforded, the 
 plants will continue growing, or will produce weak second 
 growths and either fail to flower or else produce weak 
 and few blossoms. 
 
 A most ready way to secure this rest is to remove the 
 East Indian Orchids to the cooler or Mexican house 
 during their resting season, that is, after they have per- 
 fected their growth, and again to remove the Mexican 
 Orchids to the greenhouse during their resting season. 
 
 There are some East Indian Orchids, such as Phal&n- 
 opses, Aerides, and Vandas, which grow perpetually ; these 
 should always be kept in the hottest house, but the heat 
 should be somewhat reduced lest the plants be forced 
 into too active growth or bloom, as these plants often kill 
 themselves by over-flowering. 
 
 The temperature thus must vary greatly at the different 
 seasons of the year and at different times in the course 
 of the twenty-four hours. 
 
 In this matter of temperature, the importance of " live " 
 air cannot be too strongly impressed upon the Orchid- 
 ist. A close, dead air is fatal to the health of many 
 plants. Be the temperature what it may, the air should 
 have a freshness and vitality. We know Orchid houses 
 that resemble a vapor bath, and in this temperature some 
 plants thrive, but it is unendurable to human lungs, and 
 there is no satisfaction in visiting such a house. The 
 plants do not need it, many die in it, and all will thrive 
 better, make sturdier growth, and give more satisfaction, 
 in a lower and fresher temperature. 
 
 In the Glen Ridge East Indian house, one can spend 
 hours in examining the plants without inconvenience 
 
THE ORCHID HOUSE. 
 
 6l 
 
 from moist dead air, and the growth of such plants as 
 Vandas, Saccolabiums, Aerides, and Phalcenopses, is strong 
 and vigorous, the foliage deep dark green, and the flower 
 far finer and more enduring than upon plants grown 
 upon the steam bath principle. 
 
 The following table may be useful : 
 
 INDIAN HOUSE OR STOVE. 
 
 FAHRENHEIT. 
 
 Day -with 
 Sun. 
 
 Day with- 
 out Sun. 
 
 Night. 
 
 Morning. 
 
 55 
 60 
 
 55 
 So 
 
 55 
 55 
 5o 
 45 
 
 Sorinsr 
 
 75 
 85 to 90 
 70 
 65 
 
 70 
 
 75 
 60 
 
 55 
 
 70 
 70 
 
 65 
 60 
 
 65 
 65 
 
 55 
 5o 
 
 60 
 
 65 
 60 
 
 55 
 
 60 
 60 
 5o 
 5 
 
 Summer . .... 
 
 
 Winter 
 
 
 MEXICAN OR COOL HOUSE. 
 
 Spring 
 
 Summer 
 
 Autumn . . . . 
 
 Winter . . 
 
 
CHAPTER VII. 
 
 SEASONS OF GROWTH AND REST. 
 
 ORCHIDS, like all other plants, have seasons of 
 growth, flowering, and rest. 
 
 In Orchid culture, great care should be given to make 
 the plants observe these seasons ; in their native coun- 
 tries the change is produced by wet and dry seasons ; but 
 if in our Orchid houses we keep the same degree of heat 
 and moisture, the plants will continue to grow, and at all 
 seasons will put forth shoots and flowers. The result 
 will be, the exhaustion of the plant, which will give 
 weaker shoots and poorer flowers, and finally none at 
 all. 
 
 At the close of the resting season, the time for 
 growth will always be indicated by the pushing forth of 
 the new shoots, or the development of eyes. It is then 
 we must begin watering, and must increase the moisture 
 according to the growth. This is the season to remove 
 plants from the resting house to the stove. 
 
 The season which naturally follows that of growth, 
 is that of flowering, but we see certain plants, particu- 
 larly those of the Vanda tribe, send forth their flower- 
 stalks at the time of the formation of the new bulbs. 
 This is the case with Ontidiums, Miltonias, Odontoglos- 
 sums, Burlingtonias, and others. The increase in the 
 quantity of moisture afforded should always be gradual. 
 
 When the pseudo-bulbs and foliage have reached their 
 
SEASONS OF GROWTH AND XEST. 63 
 
 full development is with most plants the flowering sea- 
 son, and usually after the flowers fade comes the season 
 of rest. The plants should then be placed in the resting 
 house ; that is, the East Indian or Stove Orchids be re- 
 moved to the Mexican house, and the Mexican Orchids 
 to the greenhouse. Water should be gradually withheld, 
 only enough being given to prevent the roots and pseudo- 
 bulbs from shriveling. The season of the year during 
 which the plants should rest, is from November to the 
 middle of February. There are, however, some plants 
 which will not conform to the general rule, but grow 
 during the winter months ; such are many of the Aerifies, 
 Vandas, Saccolabiums, Phalcznopses, Zygopetalums, and sim- 
 ilar species. These will require water at the roots to 
 keep them in growth, but care should be taken not to 
 wet the young shoots, for they are apt to rot at this sea- 
 son of the year. Those that are growing should be 
 placed at the warmer end of the house. 
 
 Certain species vary from the general rule : this is the 
 case with Dendrobiums. The period of repose in these 
 plants is known when the shoots have reached the usual 
 size, and when the foliage on the old shoots assumes a 
 yellow tinge. The season of growth is known by the 
 appearance of swelling eyes, or flower buds around the 
 stems at the base of the old leaves, or where the leaves 
 have fallen, and the budding of eyes at the base for new 
 shoots. 
 
 Then the plants should be started into growth that 
 these buds may be fully developed, but care must be 
 taken not to water the plants thus budding over much, or 
 the flower-buds will not come out, or will produce un- 
 sightly leaf stalks, and the whole plant start into vigorous 
 growth. 
 
64 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Some orchids are deciduous, losing their leaves after 
 they have finished their growth. To this class belong 
 Cyrtopodiums, Barkerias, Cycnoches, Phajus albus, some 
 Dendrobhims, Ccelogyne maculata and Wallichiana, and 
 many others. These should be placed so they may have 
 as much light and air as possible, during their resting 
 season. In this way the bulbs are ripened, which causes 
 them to grow stronger, and to flower more freely. These 
 flowers require but very little water when at rest. But 
 when such plants as Vandas, Angrczcums, Aerides, Saccola- 
 biums, and Phalanopses, are at rest, they should never be 
 allowed to get too dry at the roots j the moss should al- 
 ways be kept a little damp, for the stems and leaves are 
 very apt to shrivel if kept too dry, and this often causes 
 them to lose their bottom leaves ; they require but a 
 short season of rest. Those which are growing on 
 blocks, will require more water than those which are in 
 pots or baskets, and should be watered about twice or 
 three times a week if the weather is fine, but in cloudy 
 weather not so often. 
 
 Water should be poured over the paths and walks 
 every fine morning, in order to create a moist atmosphere 
 in the house, but the degree of moisture must always be 
 regulated by the weather outside ; this is a most impor- 
 tant care ; if the weather is cloudy, the house should be 
 kept dry. 
 
 During the resting season the glass and roof should al- 
 ways be perfectly clean, so that the plants may have 
 plenty of light and sun; you can hardly at this season 
 give too much. If awnings are used, they should be 
 rolled up the greater part of the day, and if the glass 
 has been painted or white-washed, it should be cleaned 
 
SEASONS OF GROWTH AND REST. 65 
 
 off. Yet some discretion must be used in exposing the 
 plants to direct hot sun, and at times an awning is neces- 
 sary. 
 
 When the plants begin to grow, the temperature should 
 be greatly increased, and may be raised by the sun dur- 
 ing the summer to 90 or 100 without injury, but the 
 plants must be shaded from the direct rays of the sun. 
 In the Mexican house, however, the temperature should 
 never be allowed to go above 80 to 85. 
 
 Great attention should be paid to the state of the at- 
 mosphere as regards moisture, as at all times of the 
 year this is of great importance to the successful growth 
 of the plants, for they derive the greater part of their 
 substance from the moisture of the air; so especially 
 whenever any of the plants are growing, the atmosphere 
 should be well supplied with moisture. To obtain this, 
 water should be poured over the tables, walls, and paths 
 of the houses ; the slate tables if made with a rim may 
 be filled with it, and evaporating pans may be placed on 
 the flues or pipes. The hot water tanks should also be 
 kept full, or a little water may be poured over the pipes 
 if there is a gentle fire. Thus a gentle steam will rise, 
 which is of great value while the plants are in a vigor- 
 ous state, of growth, especially as regards the East In- 
 dian Orchids, such as Saccolabiums, Aerides, Vandas, Phal- 
 cenopses, Dendrobiums, and many others requiring a high 
 temperature with a considerable degree of moisture. 
 
 The Mexican Orchids, most of which come from a 
 cooler climate, not so saturated with moisture, of course 
 require less heat and moisture, but they should have a 
 much greater degree of warmth than when at rest. It 
 should be greater during the months of May, June, July, 
 5 
 
66 
 
 ORCHIDS. 
 
 and August, ranging by night from 65 to 70, and by day 
 rising with the heat of the sun from 70 even to 85. 
 
 During growth, with but few exceptions, Orchids should 
 never be exposed to the full rays of the sun ; during rest 
 the more sun and light the better. 
 
 We cannot bring the plants to observe one rule and to 
 conform to a day or even a month ; constant watching is 
 necessary to adapt treatment to the peculiar condition of 
 each plant, and thus we see the necessity of providing 
 houses to be kept at different temperatures, that the 
 proper treatment for each plant may be afforded. 
 
 CATTLEVA SUPERBA. 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 SHADING AND WATERING. 
 SHADING. 
 
 ORCHIDS, with but few exceptions, should be care- 
 fully guarded from the direct rays of the sun from 
 March to October. The easiest and most economical 
 way to do this is to whiten the glass. A preparation for 
 this is made by mixing Spanish white in water, adding 
 milk in the proportion of a pint of the latter to five pints 
 of the former. This composition may be thrown over the 
 glass with a syringe on a dry day and is sufficient to pro- 
 tect the plants from the sun and will for a time resist the 
 rain. The coating should be renewed as it wears off, 
 which may be five or six times a year. 
 
 Some growers paint the glass of Orchid houses ; the ob- 
 jection to this is, the paint cannot easily be removed, and 
 the Orchids are kept in perpetual shade. There are ob- 
 jections to using any wash applied to the glass, the chief 
 of which appears to be that the plants are shaded on 
 cloudy as well as on sunny days, and often the light given 
 is not sufficient for the health of the plants. 
 
 Another way is to place an awning over the glass when 
 the sun strikes it. These, however, wholly deprive the 
 plants of sun j but as Orchids in their native woods grow 
 upon the branches of large trees, they almost always re- 
 ceive some of the solar rays, though always so tempered 
 by interposing leaves and branches as not to burn the 
 
68 ORCHIDS. 
 
 plant, and an occasional exposure, if not too prolonged 
 or too hot, is not injurious. 
 
 Canvas may be used for this mode of shading. There 
 should be blinds on each side of the house with a strong 
 lath at the top to nail the canvas to with a roller at the 
 bottom. The canvas must be nailed to the roller, but 
 care should be taken in doing this that the awning roll 
 up regularly from the bottom to the top. Such an awning 
 is also useful in cold weather for covering the house in 
 frosty nights, being a great protection to those plants that 
 are near the glass. It is advisable to have a covering on 
 the top of the house for the protection of the canvas 
 when rolled up, in order to keep it from wet. 
 
 Another way which is to be recommended is the use" of 
 movable blinds rolling upon themselves in order to be 
 easily removed. The bars of the blinds should be verti- 
 cal and not horizontal, as thus there is less danger of 
 burning the plants, the solar rays being more divided. 
 These blinds are far more sightly than canvas and more 
 durable. 
 
 WATERING. 
 
 This is an operation always requiring great care. No 
 water impregnated with lime should be used, as it is inju- 
 rious to the plants. The best is rain-water, to secure a 
 supply of which, slate, brick, cement, or wooden cisterns 
 should be provided in every Orchid house. The temper- 
 ature of the water should always be that of the house ; 
 it may be warmer, but colder is injurious. 
 
 The water should be applied by means of a syringe 
 with a flat nose pierced with very fine holes, so made as 
 to throw the water in a continuous stream. 
 
 Water should not be indiscriminately applied to all; 
 
SHADING AND WATERING. 69 
 
 we must discriminate between those at rest, those coming 
 into growth, those in full growth, and those of which the 
 pseudo-bulbs are nearly formed ; and some plants should 
 never have the foliage wet. Those at rest should have 
 little or no water, at the most only sufficient to keep the 
 roots from shriveling and the earth or moss from being 
 parched. 
 
 In the case of plants just starting into growth, only 
 enough water should be given to keep the earth in which 
 the plants grow, moist ; for, if watered too profusely, the 
 young shoots are apt to be affected by the moisture of the 
 house and are liable to damp off. 
 
 As the young bulbs grow, the supply of water should be 
 increased; and when the pseudo-bulbs are about half 
 grown they may have a liberal supply. 
 
 When the plants begin to show bloom water should still 
 be given liberally, but care must be taken not to allow it 
 to rest upon the stalk or buds, for fear it may rot them. 
 When plants are in bloom, no water should be given over- 
 head, as every drop falling on the blossom will leave a 
 spot, and cause it to wither. 
 
 Plants of the tribe Epidendrea need but little water at 
 the roots ; the atmosphere should be moist enough for all 
 their wants. On the other hand such plants as Sobralia 
 and Cyrtopodium need a wet soil, water should therefore be 
 generally given in the pot and but slightly on the foliage. 
 
 Watering should generally be regulated by the external 
 temperature and the weather. In a cold, cloudy day it 
 may be entirely dispensed with ; in hot, dry, sunny days 
 water should be plentifully administered at night and 
 morning. 
 
 It sometimes happens, during a long spell of rainy or 
 cloudy weather, that the house becomes too wet and cold ; 
 
7O ORCHIDS. 
 
 this is easily known by the appearance of the pots and the 
 plant^ ; in such cases a fire should be lighted to drive off 
 superfluous moisture and to warm the plants. 
 
 When in cold weather the temperature is kept at about 
 50, water should be almost' entirely withheld ; if there is 
 no sun, a little sprinkled on the pipes or on the paths may 
 be sufficient, as thus a moist warm atmosphere is supplied 
 to the house. The evening watering and syringing should 
 be given about an hour or more before sunset, after the 
 houses are closed for the night. The morning, after the 
 sun has gained some power. 
 
 If possible, the house should be dried up once a day by 
 means of ventilation. 
 
 In syringing great care must be taken not to wet young 
 shoots or flower stems too much. Free syringing should 
 only be given in warm weather, but separate plants may 
 receive water overhead as they require it. 
 
 Those plants which are growing on blocks of wood 
 should be syringed twice a day in summer. It is also a 
 good method, during the growing season, to take the blocks 
 down and dip them in water till the wood and moss are 
 thoroughly soaked. 
 
 Plants in baskets should also be examined, and if they 
 are dry, they also should be soaked. In this way also 
 many hurtful insects may be destroyed, for floating on 
 the water they are easily killed. 
 
 If rain-water cannot be had, pond water is the next 
 best. 
 
 The regulation of syringing is one of the hardest things 
 for the beginner to learn. In many houses it is wholly 
 unnecessary, the wetting of the moss on the shelves and 
 in the pots and the sprinkling of the paths being suffi- 
 cient. It should never be profuse. Some plants, such as 
 
SHADING AND WATERING. 
 
 Dendrobium Falconeri, need it daily ; others, like most Cat- 
 tleyas, a genus very impatient of wet on the foliage, never. 
 In subsequent pages we shall, when prescribing the treat- 
 ment of special plants, treat more fully on this subject. 
 
 DBNDROBIUM 
 
 MACRANTHUM. 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 POTTING. 
 
 AT the close of the resting season is the proper time to 
 pot Orchids ; but no season of the year can be ab- 
 solutely determined as the proper one for this operation. 
 The months of February and March are the best times to 
 repot some, that is, after the resting reason. 
 
 Those that do not need potting should be top-dressed 
 with fibrous peat, removing the old soil from the top with- 
 out breaking the roots of the plant. The pots should be 
 thoroughly cleansed from mould, moss, and dirt, and this 
 time is also favorable for searching after and destroying 
 insects. 
 
 Plants, previous to potting, should not receive any watei 
 for four or five days. 
 
 Some species should be potted somewhat later, just as 
 they begin to grow. All species of the genera Phajus, 
 Calanthe, Dendrobium, Stanhopea, Cyrtopodium, Brassia, 
 Miltonia, Sobralia, Bletia, Oncidium, and many others re- 
 quire this treatment. 
 
 Lczlias, Cattleyas, Saccolabiums, Aerides, Vandas and 
 similar plants should be potted just before the beginning 
 of the growing season. 
 
 The chief attention requisite in potting is that the pots 
 be well drained ; the best material for drainage is pot- 
 sherds or charcoal. See that the pots are perfectly clean 
 inside and out, also wash the potsherds to be used for 
 drainage. 
 
POTTING. 73 
 
 Let the pot be proportioned to the size of the plant; 
 over-potting is injurious. 
 
 Some plants will require changing once a year ; others 
 once in two or three years. But if a plant becomes sickly 
 and sodden with wet, the best way to bring it into a 
 healthy state is to turn it out of the pot, wash the roots, 
 cut off any which are dead or decayed : after repotting 
 give but little water until the plant throws out fresh roots. 
 
 The best pots for Orchids are made of common clay ; 
 those with holes cut in the sides are very useful. 
 
 In potting large plants a small pot should be turned 
 upside down on the bottom of the large one, the pot 
 should then be filled with potsherds or bits of charcoal ; 
 about two inches square is the size for large plants, but 
 somewhat smaller if the plants are small. Fill to within 
 two inches of the rim, then put on a layer of moss (the 
 white sphagnous moss of meadows is the best), to prevent 
 the soil from choking the drainage, and to allow the 
 water to pass off quickly. This is of great importance, 
 for if it is not attended to, the water will become stagnant, 
 the soil sour and sodden, which is fatal to the growth of 
 the plant. 
 
 The great point to be observed in the potting of Or- 
 chids is to secure good drainage ; without it, it is impos~ 
 sible to keep the plants in a healthy condition. 
 
 The best material for potting epiphytes is good, rough, 
 fibrous peat and sphagnous moss ; the peat should be 
 broken into lumps about the size of a hen's egg ; pot- 
 sherds and charcoal should be mixed with the peat. The 
 plant should be placed one or two inches above the rim 
 of the pot ; all pseudo-bulbs should be above the soil. 
 A little peat should be put above the roots to cover them, 
 
74 ORCHIDS. 
 
 and the plant should be secured in position by pegs. If 
 the plant is not steady a stake may be placed in the pot 
 and the plant tied to it. 
 
 In repotting, all the old soil possible should be shaken 
 off, without injuring the roots. Water should be spar- 
 ingly given till the plants begin to make new roots, then 
 more liberally. 
 
 The best potting material for plants in baskets is 
 sphagnous moss and potsherds. The size of the basket 
 should be proportioned to the size of the plant. A layer 
 of moss should be placed at the bottom and then the bas- 
 ket filled with moss and potsherds. The plant should be 
 placed about level with the top of the basket, and should 
 be tied to a stick in the centre to keep it firm. 
 
 Those plants which are grown on wood should have 
 moss attached to the blocks, if by experience they are 
 found to require it ; some do better on bare blocks, but 
 they need more moisture, as they are then entirely depen- 
 dent on what is obtained from the atmosphere. They 
 should be firmly fastened to the block by copper wire se- 
 cured to copper tacks driven into the block. When they 
 make new roots they will cling to the blocks and the wire 
 may be removed. 
 
 When the roots overrun the pot or the pseudo-bulbs 
 become too numerous or the soil becomes sodden, the 
 plant should be repotted. The chief precaution to take 
 is not to injure the roots, as any such injury may check 
 the growth of the plant, and weaken the flower. 
 
 In repotting small plants it is only necessary to turn 
 the plant from the pot, al!6wing all the loose potting to 
 which roots are not attached to fall away. If the roots 
 are attached to the sides of the smaller pot and cannot be 
 
POTTING. 75 
 
 disengaged without bruising, it may be well to carefully 
 break the pot, allowing the potsherd to which roots are 
 attached to remain. The plant should be carefully ex- 
 amined and all decayed or dead roots cut off with a sharp 
 knife ; then it should be placed in a pot about half larger 
 than that it formerly occupied. More care is requisite in 
 repotting very large plants, but the operation is performed 
 :'.n the same general manner. 
 
 Where Orchids have to be transplanted from wooden 
 baskets or pots, it will usually be advisable to sacrifice the 
 old basket, as the roots will generally be too firmly at- 
 tached to the wood to be separated. The best way is to 
 cut the old basket to pieces and dispose the pieces with 
 the roots attached among the soil of the new basket. The 
 roots very seldom fasten on to baskets of wire or metal ; 
 should they do so, they can be detached without injury, 
 and therefore repotting from these baskets is very easy. 
 
 Such plants as "Stanhopea, Acropera, Atineta, Cirrhcea, 
 and others which send out many roots, should be trans- 
 planted at least once in five years. The matted roots 
 form a thick mass, which should be separated with care, 
 the dead ones cut out, and only those preserved which 
 are alive and have spongioles. These dense masses of 
 roots often prevent the descent of the flower stalk through 
 the bottom of the pot or basket, and cause it to damp off. 
 
 When Orchids grown on blocks cover the wood with 
 their roots, they may be repotted in two ways : the block 
 may be placed in the centre of a basket tilled with com- 
 post and supported there ; the roots will soon extend over 
 the basket, and the effect will be very pretty. Another 
 way is to fasten new blocks to the old, covering the junc- 
 tion with moss ; the roots will soon bind the old and new 
 blocks firmly together. 
 
76 ORCHIDS. 
 
 The Orchids which should be grown in pots are those 
 which throw up a flower-stalk from the base or top of the 
 pseudo-bulb. 
 
 Those which have pendent flower-stems, or those which 
 push the flower horizontally, or where the stem grows out 
 underneath the pseudo-bulbs, should be cultivated in 
 baskets or on wood. 
 
 In potting all Orchids the plant should be placed in 
 the centre of the pot and should be, as it were, on the top 
 of a mound, sloping up from the sides. The advantage 
 of this is that there is less chance for the water to settle 
 among the young shoots and to rot the tender roots, and 
 should the drainage of the soil be imperfect, the water 
 will usually drain off if it reaches the sides of the pot. 
 
 HlJNTI-EYA VIOLACEA. 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 CULTURE OF TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS. 
 
 THERE are comparatively few representatives of 
 this numerous class cultivated in our hot-houses. 
 As a general rule the flowers are by no means as showy 
 as those of epiphytes, though no less curious. 
 
 Terrestrial Orchids are more generally natives of the 
 more temperate climates, and our own woods and swamps 
 furnish some very beautiful species ; among these we may 
 mention Cypripedium acaule, the pretty Lady's Slipper so 
 common in pine woods ; the rarer and more beautiful 
 yellow species (C. parviflorutri), the magnificent Cypripe- 
 dium spectabile, one of our finest wild flowers, and the 
 rare and curious Ramshead (C. arietinum}. The wet 
 meadows give us Arethusa bulbosa, a gem of a flower, and 
 the kindred Adder's Tongue (Pogonia ophioglossoides), and 
 the high colored and fragrant Cymbidium or Calopogon 
 (C. pulchelluni). And in the woods we may find the curi- 
 ous flowers of the Coralwort (Corallorhiza odontorhiza), 
 and the beautifully variegated Goodyeras. The sunny 
 fields will also give the species of Ladies Tresses (Neot- 
 taa or Spiranthes}, while all through marshy woods and 
 open meadows we find the beautiful representatives of 
 the Orchis family. 
 
 Most of these may, with careful culture, become in- 
 habitants of our gardens, and many of them are grown 
 and treasured in England and on the continent as rare 
 Orchids. 
 
78 ORCHIDS. 
 
 The terrestrial Orchids we should grow are the rarer 
 exotic species, of which many are remarkable for gorgeous 
 flowers. 
 
 As a general rule they require a stronger compost than 
 the epiphytal species. It should be composed of turfy 
 loam chopped into pieces about the size of a walnut, leaf- 
 mould, and a little well rotted cow dung. These shoul-4 
 be well mixed together. 
 
 They do not require as much drainage as epiphytes : 
 two inches of potsherds, broken rather small, will .be 
 enough ; on that put a layer of moss, then some of the 
 rough peat and fill in with the compost. 
 
 The plant should be placed one inch below the rim of 
 the pot. 
 
 Water should be sparingly given at first, but when the 
 plants are about six inches high, they may have a good 
 supply. 
 
 They should be potted just when they begin to grow 
 after the resting season. During the season of rest they 
 should have less water than epiphytes j in fact only 
 enough to keep the earth damp that the plants may not 
 dry up ; and some species none at all. 
 
 The temperature at which these plants must be grown 
 must be regulated by that of their native country. Some 
 need the heat of a stove, others the Mexican house, and 
 some flourish well in the greenhouse. Plants of the 
 same genus may require different treatment ; thus we 
 find stove, cool house, and greenhouse Cypripediums. 
 
 These plants usually make a rapid growth, produce 
 their flowers, and then go to rest. The foliage should be 
 well grown, allowed to ripen gradually, and the plant only 
 put to rest when it is withered. In growing these plants 
 
CULTURE OF TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS. 79 
 
 the only way to secure vigorous shoots is by growing the 
 foliage well ; therefore every attention should be given to 
 producing stout growtn, and large leaves. After once 
 starting into growth the plants should never be allowed 
 to flag for want of moisture. 
 
 Some species will endure more sun than others, some 
 require a hot, shady location ; some, as Anczctochilus, re- 
 quire to be grown under a bell-glass. 
 
 Some species are deciduous, others evergreen, and 
 specimens of both classes often occur in one genus as 
 in Cypripedicz. 
 
 One of the most splendid terrestrial Orchids is Disa 
 grandiflora, a magnificent plant, which for years baffled 
 all attempts at cultivation. The difficulty has been over- 
 come, the mistake being in supposing that like most 
 Orchids it should be allowed to wholly dry off ; which 
 being done the plant never revived. The true treatment 
 is to keep it watered ; it will continue to grow and thrive, 
 and can be grown in any greenhouse from which frost is 
 excluded, as in its native locality the thermometer often 
 sinks to 32. The spike is thrown up about eighteen 
 inches high, and the beautiful and high colored flowers 
 are freely produced. 
 
 Among terrestrial Orchids the genus Ancectochilus is 
 remarkable. The plants are of dwarf habit with beauti- 
 ful variegated leaves, varying in height from two to six 
 inches ; their leaves, which are well defined and generally 
 obtuse in form, varying from two to four inches in length 
 including the stalk, which, like the stem, is short and 
 fleshy. 
 
 The foliage of all the species is remarkably singular 
 and beautiful, on some of the varieties resembling the 
 
80 ORCHIDS. 
 
 richest olive or almost purple velvet veined in regular 
 or curved lines with a net-work of gold. In other species 
 the leaf is rich green marked with silver tracings. 
 
 The plants require to be grown in silver sand mixed 
 with fine chopped sphagnous moss. The flowers are pro- 
 duced on short, upright spikes, but they are insignificant, 
 and the buds should be nipped off as soon as they ap- 
 pear. 
 
 The plants should be grown in pots in the shadiest 
 part of the East Indian house or stove under bell 
 glasses. Potted in the compost before directed they 
 should have good drainage. 
 
 They should not be planted in a large pot, as they do 
 not produce many roots, but they succeed best in a small 
 pot plunged in a large one so that the bell glass fits the 
 outside pot, which will allow space for the leaves to grow 
 within the glass. They should be repotted once a year, 
 about the first of March. 
 
 The plants should be raised one or two inches above 
 the rim of the pot ; during their season of growth, which 
 is in summer, they require an abundance of water at the 
 roots. In winter they only need enough to keep the soil 
 a little damp ; they require only a short season of rest. 
 The bell glasses must always be kept over them and 
 should always be kept clean or the plants will not thrive. 
 Anactochiluses are propagated by cutting the plants into 
 pieces with a root attached to each piece. When there 
 is only a single stem, the plant should be cut off just be- 
 low the first root and potted ; the old stump will soon 
 throw up a young shoot which must be left till it has 
 formed roots ; then cut it off and pot it, leaving the old 
 stock to throw up another shoot to form another plant. 
 
CULTURE OF TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS. 8 1 
 
 It has been said they may be raised by planting the leaves 
 in sand under a bell-glass, like Gloxinias and Begonias. 
 
 The following are the varieties : 
 
 Anczctochilus argenteus. A free growing plant of easiest 
 cultivation, with bright clear green foliage and silver 
 markings. Known also as Physurus. A. argenteus pic- 
 tus is a fine variety. 
 
 A. intermedius. A pretty species with small foliage, 
 with soft silky surface. Color dark olive, striped and 
 veined with gold. 
 
 A. Lowii. The finest of the genus ; grows six inches 
 high, with leaves four inches long by three wide, resem- 
 bling fine velvet. Color, rich dark green shading to mel- 
 low orange-brown, intersected lengthways by well defined 
 deep golden lines, crossed by bars or lines of the same 
 color. 
 
 A- Lobbii. A rare variety with dark foliage, with light 
 markings. 
 
 A. maculatus. A variety resembling A. argenteus, but 
 with more silvery foliage. Known also as Physurus. 
 
 A. setaceus. A fine species growing four inches high, 
 foliage two inches long, resembling rich dark velvet cov- 
 ered with golden net-work. There are many varieties of 
 this fine species. 
 
 A. striatus. A small and distinct species, with narrow 
 green foliage and a white mark down the centre of each 
 leaf. 
 
 A. xanthophyllus. A very beautiful species ; grows 
 four inches high, with foliage two inches long. The 
 leaves are dark velvety with broad orange and green 
 stripe down the centre, covered with beautiful golden net- 
 work. 
 
 6 
 
82 ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. (Physurus) fimbrillaris, a pretty species with dark 
 green leaves streaked with silver. 
 
 A. (Physurus] nobilis, a large-growing species with dark 
 green leaves, with silver veins. 
 
 A. Veitchii, a rare species, leaves large, light velvety 
 green with lines and bars of the same color but lighter 
 shade. 
 
 A. Turneri, a beautiful free-growing plant, leaves rich 
 bronze marked with gold. 
 
 A. Petola, a fine species, leaves light velvet covered 
 with bands of deep gold. 
 
 A. Bullenii, bronzy green foliage, marked with three 
 lines of coppery red, varying to gold. 
 
 A. Dayi, dark green leaves veined with red. 
 
 A. Roxburghii, a distinct species with dark velvety green 
 foliage, marked with well defined silver lines. 
 
 There are many other species, all interesting and 
 pretty. 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 CULTURE OF EPIPHYTAL ORCHIDS. 
 
 THE greater part of the Orchids grown in our stoves 
 are epiphytal, and are cultivated in pots, in bas- 
 kets, or on wood, according to their nature. 
 
 We have already given, when treating the subject of 
 potting, many hints upon the growth of these plants in 
 pots. The chief points to be regarded are, to secure 
 good drainage, to elevate the plant about one inch above 
 the rim of the pot, and to support the plant if the roots 
 are not long enough or too weak to sustain it. 
 
 The material to be used is peat, broken rather large, 
 potsherds, and moss. 
 
 Directions as to the mode of growth of different 
 plants will be given when we describe the plants. 
 
 It not unfrequently happens that different species of 
 the same family require to be grown in a different man- 
 ner, some having upright, and others pendent flower- 
 stems. In this chapter we would more particularly treat 
 of the grow r th of Orchids in baskets, or on wood. 
 
 Baskets may be of wood, metal, or pottery. The best 
 for the plants are made of round sticks of wood, about 
 one to two inches in diameter. 
 
 The best wood for baskets is maple, apple, cedar, or 
 oak, and the best baskets are those of a square shape. 
 
 The wood should be cut into such lengths as the size 
 of the basket may require, but they should not be too 
 
8 4 
 
 ORCHIDS. 
 
 large they take up too much oom, are too heavy, and 
 above all, the plants do not require much space. 
 
 After the wood is cut into proper lengths, the pieces 
 should be bored within one inch from the ends, taking 
 
 care to have all the holes bored the same distance. 
 There should be four lengths of strong copper wire, one 
 for each corner; the wire should be put through each 
 piece of wood, and brought up to form the handle of 
 the basket. 
 
CULTURE OF EPIPHYTAL ORCHIDS. 85 
 
 The form of the baskets must vary according to taste. 
 The following figures represent a few. 
 
 The distance between the pieces of wood or the wires, 
 must be sufficient to allow the flower spike to pass down ; 
 earthern pots should also have spaces cut out for this 
 same reason. 
 
 Baskets of wood or metal are much to be preferred to 
 those of pottery, as they are 
 much neater and ornamental, 
 and plants can be removed 
 from them with greater facil- 
 ity and without sacrificing the 
 pot, and they are not so 
 
 heavy. Baskets of metal should be of galvanized iron, 
 or of copper wire, the former are better, as being less 
 likely to get out of shape. 
 In form, the top should be , 
 larger than the bottom, U 
 not only for artistic effect, 
 but because they hold the 
 earth better. In placing 
 
 the plants in these baskets 
 
 it may be well to put a layer of moss in the bottom, to 
 
 keep the finer earth from falling out ; the baskets should 
 
 not be filled as full as recommended for pots, but some 
 
 six months after having set the plant 
 
 in the basket, a light top dressing of 
 
 rich earth may be heaped up around 
 
 the plants. 
 
 The plants should be so disposed 
 that the foliage shall not touch the metal chains, or 
 wires, by which the basket is suspended. If a plant 
 
86 ORCHIDS, 
 
 sends out new shoots towards the wires, it is easy to 
 give them another direction, by inserting a bit of cork 
 between the pseudo-bulbs, and forcing the plant a little 
 to one side. The drainage of baskets should not be like 
 that of pots, but far lighter, in order that the flower-buds 
 may easily push through it ; sphagnous moss is the best. 
 
 This is particularly the case with Stanhopeas, Acinetas, 
 and plants of like growth. It is also an object to have 
 the basket as light as possible, for facility in suspend- 
 ing it. 
 
 It is not advisable to grow very large plants in baskets, 
 both on account of the weight, and the difficulty of re- 
 potting without destroying the basket and injuring the 
 roots. 
 
 In choosing the baskets, some regard should be paid 
 to the nature of the roots of the plants to be grown in 
 them. Many East Indian Orchids which have large long 
 roots, such as Aerides and Saccolabiums, should be placed 
 in deep baskets, and the soil should be rather composed 
 of peat and potsherds, than of moss and charcoal. 
 
 Those plants with descending flower-stems, such as 
 Stanhopeas and Acinetas, should be placed in shallow 
 baskets, and there should be nothing in the soil which 
 could stop the descent of the flower-bud. 
 
 Baskets should be suspended where they will not shed 
 drip upon the other plants. They should be frequently 
 examined, and great care should be taken not to allow 
 them to dry up. 
 
 The hook figured on page 57 is very useful for hang- 
 ing baskets, as thus they can be turned round without 
 lifting them from the nail. 
 
CULTURE OF EPIPHYTAL ORCHIDS. 8/ 
 
 CULTURE ON BLOCKS. 
 
 The selection of the wood on which the Orchids are 
 to grow, is a matter of importance. We know that when 
 plants are thus grown, we cannot change them as we 
 can in pots and baskets, therefore we must choose wood 
 the least liable to rot, or to be attacked by fungus. 
 
 The best kinds are cork, oak, apple, pear, plum, or 
 with us, locust j as these stand best the warm moist tem- 
 perature of an Orchid house. Rough, knotty pieces are 
 the best, because the roots more easily cling to them. 
 
 In placing the plant upon the block we must inquire 
 the nature of the roots, and always provide a piece ten 
 to fifteen inches long and six to eight inches in diameter. 
 A hook should be fixed to each extremity of the block, in 
 a position to give it the requisite inclination. 
 
 The plant should always be placed in the centre of the 
 block, upon a slight layer of moss, and be retained in its 
 place by copper, lead, or zinc wire, until the roots cling 
 to the block. 
 
 The block should be suspended so as to give the 
 pseudo-bulbs an inclination of forty-five degrees. 
 
 The size above given for blocks, is of course not in- 
 tended for such small growing plants as Sophronites and 
 Comparettias. These should be grown on little branches 
 or blocks, about five inches long by two in diameter. 
 These little plants will thrive in small wooden baskets 
 filled with sphagnum, and they thus require less attention 
 to prevent their drying up, than when on wood. 
 
 It is not well to place more than one plant on a block, 
 as the plants often have different times of growth and 
 rest, and in supplying the wants of one, the other might 
 suffer. 
 
88 ORCHIDS. 
 
 If the roots stretch away from the block, they may be 
 confined to it with lead wire. After they have made 
 spongioles on the wood, it is seldom they leave it. Dur- 
 ing the growing season, when the plant requires more 
 moisture, it is well to surround the plant with moss to re- 
 tain the water : this may be lessened or entirely removed, 
 as may be best, during the season of rest. 
 
 Many species of the Epidendrea need very little mois- 
 ture at the roots, drawing all from the air ; for these it is 
 sufficient to bind a little moss around the plant itself, 
 leaving the roots free in the air. 
 
 When the plants become established on the block, and 
 their roots are in good health, the inclination of the block 
 should be changed from forty-five degrees to fifteen or 
 twenty degrees, and in certain cases at the flowering 
 season the plant should be perfectly straight, especially 
 when the flower stalk is ascending. 
 
 The true air plants, such as Vandas, Saccolabiums, Aer- 
 ides y Angrcecums, Phalcenopses, when planted in baskets 
 or blocks, send out their roots much stronger into the air, 
 and suck up the moisture, whereas if they are planted in 
 pots and have their roots covered with soil, they are very 
 apt to rot. 
 
CHAPTER XII. 
 
 DISEASES AND INSECTS. 
 DISEASE. 
 
 THE only diseases which attack Orchids are rot and 
 spot. During the damp months of winter, rot is 
 very apt to affect those species with thick, fleshy bulbs. 
 
 It is caused by too much moisture in the house, or by 
 cold drip falling from the roof into the crown of the 
 bulb. During the winter, steam is injurious to Orchids 
 with fleshy bulbs, such as Cattleyas, Peristerias, Odonto- 
 glossums. 
 
 If the rot is perceived when it has just begun, it is 
 easily checked by cutting the diseased part entirely away 
 with a sharp knife, leaving no portion of the decayed or 
 diseased bulb; then fill the wound with flowers of sul- 
 phur, keeping it dry. 
 
 When the leaves begin to rot, the diseased part should 
 be cut clean away, and a little sulphur rubbed on the 
 parts that are cut, but the sulphur should not be allowed 
 to get to the roots of the plant. When any part of a 
 fleshy bulb becomes discolored, and the dark or dis- 
 colored part appears moist or wet, especially if any fluid 
 exudes from it on pressure, the wet or discolored part 
 should be immediately cut out, or there is danger that the 
 bulb will be destroyed, as the rot is often much more ex- 
 tensive within the bulb than the discolored appearance 
 on the outside would seem to indicate. The plant should 
 
90 ORCHIDS. 
 
 also be removed to a drier and cooler place and water 
 given with the utmost care. 
 
 At the beginning of the growing season the young 
 shoots of Orchids often rot. This is caused by drip or 
 by water settling upon them. At this season the greatest 
 care is necessary to prevent this, and it should be espe- 
 cially seen that the water from the hanging plants does 
 not fall on the young shoots of plants below. Young 
 flower stalks often damp off from the same cause. 
 
 Orchids often suffer from a sour sodden soil, caused by 
 imperfect potting or deficient drainage, the result of long 
 deferred repotting. The remedy is to repot the plants. 
 
 Spot is a disease which attacks the foliage, and soon 
 disfigures it. It is caused by too much moisture in cool 
 weather, and by exposing the plants to draughts and sud- 
 den changes of temperature. 
 
 Prevention is far better than cure, .and if the rules for 
 potting and ventilation which we have prescribed are 
 followed, there will be no trouble from spot. Fresh air, 
 a sweet, moist temperature, clean, sweet, well drained 
 potting material, are perfect preventives of this disease. 
 Should a plant become infected it should be at once re- 
 moved from the pot, thoroughly cleaned, all dead roots 
 cut away, and repotted in fresh sweet material. 
 
 Spot is not necessarily fatal. If remedies are applied 
 in time, the plants soon outgrow it, and the new leaves 
 soon replace the injured foliage. We have found flowers 
 of sulphur efficacious in preventing the spreading of the 
 spot on the foliage. 
 
DISEASES AND INSECTS. 91 
 
 INSECTS. 
 
 The insects destructive to Orchids are the wood-louse, 
 the cockroach, the red spider, the white and brown scale, 
 thrips, green fly, small ants, slugs, snails, and mealy-bug. 
 
 The wood-louse is found in every part of the Orchid 
 house. It attacks every part of the plant, but chiefly 
 feeds on the tender spongioles of the roots, the young 
 shoots, and the flower buds. 
 
 Even plants in baskets are not safe from their attacks, 
 for they will run along the rafters and drop upon the 
 plants. They hide under the pots or in the drainage. 
 
 The common way to destroy them is to cut potatoes in 
 halves, scoop them out, and lay them along the tables of 
 the house. The insects will take refuge in these, and 
 great numbers may thus be destroyed. 
 
 If, however, this means becomes insufficient on account 
 of numbers, they may be destroyed by hot water. To do 
 this allow all the plants to remain unwatered about thirty- 
 six hours, that the soil may become dry. Have a pan of 
 water heated to about 70 Fah. and into this plunge the 
 pots about to the middle. All insects which have taken 
 refuge in the drainage will seek to escape at the top and 
 are easily destroyed as they fall into the water and per- 
 ish. This operation should be performed upon all the 
 plants in the house the same day. The hot water will 
 not hurt the roots of the plants, but the pots should only 
 remain plunged a few moments and the operation should 
 not be often repeated. 
 
 Cockroaches are most destructive in an Orchid house, 
 and in a few nights they may do a great deal of mischief. 
 They feed upon the tender roots and flower stems. The 
 
92 ORCHIDS. 
 
 only way to keep them under is by constant search by 
 day and night : by day, by moving the pots under which 
 they conceal themselves, and by night, by lamplight. At 
 dark they leave their hiding-places to seek food, and it is 
 then they are most easily caught. 
 
 If damp moss is laid in the hottest part of the house, 
 they may often be found hiding in it. A mixture of 
 honey, lard, and arsenic, placed in oyster-shells round the 
 house will poison them, or any of the vermin extermina- 
 tors. Arsenic and tallow may be placed in the pots, but 
 care must be taken that it does not touch the roots or 
 shoots of the plant. 
 
 The red spider and thrips are destroyed by washing 
 the leaves with a weak soap-suds to which flowers of sul- 
 phur has been added ; allow this to remain upon the 
 foliage for a day and then wash with pure water. Every 
 part of the pseudo-bulb should thus be treated, that all 
 eggs and insects may be destroyed. A house thus in- 
 fested should be well fumigated with tobacco every 
 evening for three or four days till the insects are de- 
 stroyed. This smoking will also destroy any green-fly 
 that may infest the young shoots, but an Orchid house 
 should always be smoked lightly, as many Orchids are in- 
 jured by tobacco smoke. 
 
 Lime and sulphur mixed together and rubbed on the 
 pipes in different parts of the house when they are warm 
 is fatal to red spider. This remedy should be used with 
 care, as too much would seriously injure the plants. At 
 the time of its application there should be a moist atmos- 
 phere in the house, but not much heat. 
 
 The small ants are easily trapped by cutting apples as 
 above directed for potatoes and placing them around the 
 
DISEASES AND INSECTS. 93 
 
 tables : the ants will find them, and if the traps are often 
 examined thousands may be destroyed. 
 
 The slugs and snails are often very destructive, attack- 
 ing the flower-stem and young shoots. They leave a 
 trail behind them and when this is perceived it must be 
 followed up and the insect destroyed. 
 
 The brown and white scale and mealy-bug are very 
 destructive : if not looked after, they increase rapidly and 
 often kill the plants. Cattleyas are especially subject to 
 their attacks. The following mixture rubbed over the 
 plants two or three times will destroy the insects : 
 
 To one gallon of rain water add eight ounces of soft- 
 soap, one ounce of tobacco, and three table spoonfuls of 
 turpentine ; stir well and leave the mixture for forty-eight 
 hours, then strain it through a cloth and bottle for use. 
 
 Or : Dissolve five ounces of camphor in half a pint 
 of spirits of wine the result will be an impalpable 
 powder ; add nine ounces Scotch snuff, nine ounces each 
 of black pepper and sulphur. Keep the mixture in a 
 well corked bottle. 
 
 If the plants infested are powdered with this prepara- 
 tion the insects will be destroyed. 
 
 As a general rule an Orchid house should be smoked 
 twice a month. In the growing season this fumigation 
 should be light, and plants in bloom should be removed 
 from the house. 
 
 Orchids should be washed, foliage and pseudo-bulbs, 
 at least once a month with a wet sponge. 
 
 The walls and rafters of an Orchid house should be 
 painted once a year. 
 
 By adopting these rules the eggs of insects will be de- 
 stroyed and the plants kept in good health. 
 
CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 PROPAGATION AND IMPREGNATION. 
 
 ORCHIDS in cultivation do not reproduce them- 
 selves like other plants. It is very rarely that we 
 see them produce seed, and the seed obtained by fertiliza- 
 tion is usually incapable of germinating, or is of species 
 which increase far more rapidly by division. 
 
 The seed capsules of Orchids are filled with an impal- 
 pable powder; and the young plants the first year are 
 exceedingly minute. In masses of imported bulbs we can 
 see the regular gradations in size from very small to the 
 large flowering bulb. We may often see a mass of forty 
 or fifty bulbs one succeeding the other, of which only the 
 last four or five have produced flowers, and if only one 
 bulb is formed each year we can calculate the great age 
 of the plant. This is particularly the case in plants of 
 the genus Epidendrece. 
 
 The usual mode of propagation consists in separating 
 the bulbs ; there are different modes of performing this 
 operation suited to different species. 
 
 Some are easily increased by dividing them into pieces 
 or by cutting the old pseudo-bulbs from the plant after 
 the latter have done blooming ; such plants as Dendro- 
 biums are increased in this way. 
 
 The best time for dividing the plants is just as they 
 begin to grow or when they are at rest. They should be 
 cut through with a sharp knife between the pseudo-bulbs 
 
PROPAGATION AND IMPREGNATION. 95 
 
 being careful not to injure the roots ; each piece should 
 have some roots attached to it. After they are cut 
 through they should be parted, potted, and put into some 
 shady part of the house, and not receive much water at 
 the roots until they have begun to grow and make new 
 roots, when they may be liberally watered. Dendrobium 
 nobile, Pierardii, pulchellum, macrophyllum, Devonianum, 
 and varieties of similar growth are easily propagated. 
 This is done by bending the old pseudo-bulbs round the 
 basket or pot in which they are growing, or by cutting the 
 old flowering bulbs away from the plant and laying them 
 on some damp moss in a shady part of the house with a 
 good supply of moisture. After they break and make 
 roots they may be placed in pots or baskets. Such sorts 
 as Dendrobium Jenkinsii, aggregation, formo sum, specie sum, 
 and densiflorum and varieties of similar growth are in- 
 creased by dividing the plants. 
 
 Aerides, Vandas, Angrcecums, Saccolabiums, Camarotis, 
 Renantheras, and plants of similar growth are propagated 
 by cutting off the tops of the plant just below the first 
 root or by removing the shoots which spring from the 
 root or form in the axils of the leaves. 
 
 The young plants should be put on blocks or in baskets 
 with some sphagnum moss, and kept in a warm damp 
 place till they begin to grow, receiving little water at 
 first. 
 
 Odontoglossums, Oncidiums, Zygopetalums, Sobralias, 
 Trichopilias, Stanhopeas, Schomburgkias, Mormodes, Ly- 
 castet, Peristerias, Miltonias, Lcelias, Leptotes, Epidendrums, 
 Galeandras, Cyrtochilums, Cymbidiums, JBrassias, Cyrto- 
 podiums, Cattleyas, Bletias, Cycnoches, Coryanthes, Coelo- 
 gynes, Barkerias, Calanthes, Aspasias, are all propagated 
 
96 ORCHIDS. 
 
 by dividing them into pieces each having a portion of the 
 roots attached to it and a young bulb on the pseudo-bulb. 
 
 Phajus albus is increased by cutting off the old pseudo- 
 bulbs after the young ones have begun to flower ; that is, 
 just before the plant has made its growth. The pseudo- 
 bulbs should be cut into pieces about six inches long, and 
 put into a pot in some silver sand with a bell-glass over 
 them till they strike root; then pot them in some fibrous 
 peat, with good drainage, and give a good supply of water 
 during the growing season. 
 
 Phalcenopses may be propagated by tying the flower stalk 
 along the block and surrounding the nodes nearest the 
 base with a little moss ; of course the flower-buds show- 
 ing themselves on this stalk should be picked off. Oncid- 
 ium Papilio reproduces itself in the same way. Some of 
 the Epidendrums such as E. cinnabarinum and crassifo- 
 lium will also form plants on the top of the old flower- 
 stalks. They should be allowed to make their growth, 
 and then be cut off and potted ; they will soon make 
 good plants. 
 
 Some Dendrobiums will also form plants on the tops of 
 the old pseudo-bulbs, and they should be treated in the 
 same way. 
 
 We have said that it is seldom that Orchids naturally pro- 
 duce seed in our stoves, but artificial fertilization is very 
 easy. We only have to lift up the end of the column which 
 conceals the anther ; then with small pincers to bring the 
 pollen masses to the pistil ; as soon as the pollen comes in 
 contact with the stigma, it is drawn into it and disappears. 
 
 In this way a great many plants of Vanilla were a few 
 years since obtained at the Jardin des Plantes at Paris. 
 As soon as a flower is fertilized, it begins to fade, and 
 ripening seed always exhausts the plant. 
 
PROPAGATION AND IMPREGNATION. 97 
 
 This subject of fertilization and, by means of it, of pro- 
 pagation, has within the last few years attracted much at- 
 tention in Europe and much of interest has been written 
 on the subject, in view of which we may conclude that our 
 knowledge of Orchids and their peculiar adaptations is 
 yet most imperfect, and that the future may yield rich de- 
 velopments. 
 
 There are many Orchids that will keep on growing year 
 after year and yet produce only one flowering bulb each 
 year ; but if the plants are cut they will produce back- 
 breaks, increasing and soon make fine specimens. Some 
 plants are easier to increase than others, of which Cat- 
 tleyas are an instance. 
 
 When a plant has four back bulbs, cut the plant in two 
 between the bulbs, but do not disturb the plant ; let the 
 bulbs keep in the same place. The time of cutting and 
 after treatment should as nearly as possible be the same 
 as above recommended for propagation. The plant will 
 make new shoots and roots from the back part and soon 
 form a specimen. All Orchids having bulbs should be 
 treated in the same way if it is desirable to increase them. 
 7 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 FLOWERING. 
 
 T7PIPHYTAL Orchids generally produce their flowers 
 JLL/ in a manner to be seen to the best advantage from 
 below, while terrestrial Orchids produce theirs in a con- 
 trary way. In arranging the plants in the Orchid house, 
 this fact should be considered. Some cultivators have a 
 portion of a house for use as a show house to which they 
 remove the plants when in bloom. This is arranged to 
 display the plants to the greatest advantage, and can be 
 kept at a low temperature. Thus the plants remain longer 
 in bloom and are not affected by the damp atmosphere 
 necessary for the Orchid house. Most Orchids with large 
 flowers, such as Cattleyas and L<zlias and above all Phalce- 
 nopses, are very much injured if drops of water fall upon 
 or condense on the petals. Orchids are also seen with 
 more comfort in a cool house, for the hot moist tempera- 
 ture of an Orchid house is not pleasant to a visitor. 
 
 Many Orchids, such as Oncidiums, throw up a flower 
 stalk from two to three or more feet in length. Such 
 stalks may need a support, which should be of light slen- 
 der wood or of wire. These stalks continue to grow until 
 they branch, and the branches are often ten inches long. 
 In many of the species many months elapse between the 
 showing of the flower bud and the expansion of the flow- 
 ers. For example, Oncidium pulvinatum begins to throw 
 up the flower stalk in January, but the flowers are not 
 produced before the June or July following. 
 
FLOWERING. 99 
 
 The supports for the flower stalks of Orchids should be 
 as small and neat as possible, and if they can be dis- 
 pensed with when the flowers expand, it will add much to 
 the effect of the flower. 
 
 Some Orchids continue to produce flowers for months 
 after the first have faded ; such flowers are always smaller 
 than the first, and such a prolongation of the flowering 
 season tends to exhaust the plant. It should be checked 
 by allowing the plant to go to rest. Phalcenopses are very 
 prone to over-flower and thus exhaust themselves. 
 
 Onddium Papilio, which produces only one flower at a 
 time, will continue to bloom from the same shoot until the 
 plant is exhausted. After the expansion of the third 
 flower, the flower-stalk should be cut off close to the 
 pseudo-bulbs. 
 
 The duration of the flowers of Orchids is in proportion 
 to the time the plant takes from the shooting forth of the 
 flower bud to the expansion of the flowers. Some plants 
 bloom quickly, but keep the flowers in perfection only a 
 few days ; of others, the flowers are ephemeral, as Sobra- 
 lia decora \ others again produce flowers which succeed 
 one another for a month, as certain Maxillarias, Warrea 
 Wallesiana, while with such plants as Phajus, Cyrto- 
 chilum, and Cymbidium for the most part, the flowers con- 
 tinue to expand on the same stem. 
 
 The greater number of Orchids are exquisitely fra- 
 grant ; and their beauty, their different nature, the pecul- 
 iar modes of growth and shapes which they exhibit, furnish 
 a vast field for observation, and one of ever increasing 
 interest. 
 
 We can in this portion of the work only speak in gen- 
 eral terms, referring the reader for special observations on 
 
IOO ORCHIDS. 
 
 the peculiarities of each plant to the descriptive pages. 
 The rules which have been given, are of general applica- 
 tion, but many Orchids require a peculiar treatment ; 
 these we shall attempt to notice in the succeeding portion 
 of the work. 
 
 We have spoken of the advantage of removing the 
 plants during the season of bloom to a cooler house. 
 Contrary to what might be expected, this will not injure 
 the plants, but it must not be done too suddenly; the 
 plants should be gradually accustomed to the change by 
 being first put, for a few days, at the coolest end of the 
 stove. Where there are two houses, those in the hotter 
 should be moved to the cooler for a few days before 
 being taken to the show house, and they should be al- 
 lowed to get nearly dry and should receive very little 
 water. The temperature of this exhibition house should 
 be kept about 50 and the plants in it should be shaded 
 from direct sunlight. 
 
 When the bloom begins to fade, the plants should be 
 removed to the stove, where they should be placed in the 
 coolest end with plenty of shade ; they should be kept 
 there for about ten days, for if they are exposed to the 
 sun they are very apt to be scorched. By thus remov- 
 ing to a cool house, Saccolabium guttatum and Aerides 
 affine may be kept in bloom five weeks. Aerides odor- 
 atum and roseum and Dendrobium nobile and ccerulescens 
 may be kept four weeks. Dendrobium moniliforme, mac- 
 rophyllum, pulchellum, Ruckerii, and secundum ; Brassias, 
 Oncidiums, Epidendrums, Odontoglossums, Cyrtochilums, 
 Trichopelia tortilis, Lycaste Skinnerii, aromatica, cruenta, 
 Maxillaria tenuifolia, and all the Cattleyas, do well in a 
 cool house and last much longer in flower. 
 
FLOWERING. IOI 
 
 Lcelia majalis will keep four or five weeks, and Lalia 
 flava a long time. 
 
 When it is probable that plants will come into blossom 
 earlier than is wished, the time of flowering may be suc- 
 cessfully retarded, by taking them to the cooler part of 
 the house or even to the greenhouse, keeping them 
 slightly shaded during the brightest part of the day. 
 Dendrobitims are very easy to keep back if they are 
 wanted later in the season. Dendrobium nobile, pulchel- 
 lum, macrophyllum, densiflorum, Farmerii, and Pierardii, 
 generally bloom in winter, but may be kept back till June, 
 and by having a succession of plants, the Orchid house 
 may be bright with Dendrobiums from January to June. 
 
 All the Dendrobiums will bear cool treatment while at 
 rest, and all can be kept for late flowering. The treat- 
 ment they require in a warm greenhouse is to have but 
 little water, only enough to keep them from shriveling ; 
 the temperature should not go below 40 ; and the bulbs 
 of the plants must be kept dry or the flower buds are 
 apt to rot. When plants are wanted to flower, move 
 them into the Orchid house, and shade them from the 
 sun. Phajus Wallichii and grandifolius may be kept 
 back in the same way. 
 
CHAPTER XV. 
 
 COOL TREATMENT OF ORCHIDS. 
 
 \ T TITHIN the last few years, an entire change in the 
 V V culture of Orchids has been advocated, and in 
 many instances carried into practice in England, and 
 with no inconsiderable degree of success. This new 
 mode of culture, known as the "cool treatment," is 
 directly opposed to the practice of the last thirty years, 
 and to all the theories of Orchid culture. The propo- 
 sition on which it is based is, that Orchid houses have 
 always been kept too hot, and the plants grown on a 
 "high pressure principle : " that the maintenance of such 
 a temperature is not only very expensive, but injurious to 
 the plants, and that any person having a heated grapery 
 where the temperature is never allowed to fall below 40 
 Fahrenheit may grow most of the Orchids now in cultiva- 
 tion in great perfection, and withal ripen his grapes quite 
 as well as when the house was exclusively devoted to 
 them. 
 
 Now if this can be done, and it has in many cases been 
 successfully accomplished, the culture of Orchids becomes 
 easy, and much of the expense which has deterred so 
 many from attempting it is saved. The experience of 
 florists and horticulturists hitherto has shown that it is 
 impossible to grow grapes and flowers successfully in the 
 same house : in other words a grapery and greenhouse 
 cannot be combined. But if our forcing houses can be 
 
COOL TREATMENT OF ORCHIDS. 1 03 
 
 adorned by the gorgeous, fragrant, and curious flowers of 
 Orchids, the discovery is one of greatest value to the 
 florist and amateur. 
 
 We propose to condense from the latest English publi- 
 cations the experience of those who have put the new 
 theory into practice, feeling that if farther trial proves 
 the discovery to be of general adaptation, its value can 
 hardly be estimated-. 
 
 But first let us state, that while experience has shown 
 that this mode of culture succeeds with most Orchids, it 
 does not suit the nature of those species which come from 
 the hot, damp jungles of the Eastern Continent, but is 
 especially adapted to South American and Mexican spe- 
 cies, particularly those which are natives of the great 
 Andean range, where in fact the larger part of South 
 American Orchids occur. 
 
 We learn from Humboldt that although Orchids are 
 scattered throughout every part of the torrid zone, from 
 the level of the sea to the height of 10,000 or 11,000 feet, 
 yet it must be admitted that in the number of species, the 
 coloring of their blossoms, delicious fragrance, rich foli- 
 age, and brilliant flowers, none can be compared to those 
 that inhabit the Andes of Mexico, New Granada, Quito, 
 and Peru, where the shade is moist, and the breezes 
 mild, the mean temperature of the year at an elevation of 
 between 4,800 and 6,600 feet being from 64 to 69. In 
 fact these most beautiful of plants, like those most beau- 
 tiful of birds, the humming birds, seem to cling with a 
 marvelous partiality to the vast Andean chain, which 
 stretches from the frontiers of Mexico to the confines of 
 Peru. These mountains are, geologically speaking, 
 of recent date ; the Orchids, therefore, that inhabit them, 
 
IO4 ORCHIDS. 
 
 must likewise be comparatively recent : indeed no fossil 
 Orchid has ever been discovered, although ferns, with 
 which in these days Orchids are invariably associated, 
 have been found in countless myriads in the paleozoic 
 strata. 
 
 About ten years since continued failure in the cultiva- 
 tion of many new Granadian and Peruvian Orchids, led to 
 the suspicion that both the theory and practice of culture 
 was fundamentally wrong, and experiments were tried in 
 varying the temperature, which met with partial success. 
 The fault still was, that too much heat was given, and 
 often too little moisture ; consequently, the finest species 
 dwindled day by day, flowering poorly, if at all, and 
 finally were lost to cultivation. 
 
 It was in the collection of Linden that the first de- 
 cided move was .made towards cool treatment, and the 
 first decided triumph achieved, and there it was that the 
 rare and beautiful Odontoglossums figured in " Pesca- 
 toria," flowered for the first time. 
 
 In growing plants under the " cool treatment " the 
 house should be low and small, and should be either a 
 lean-to facing the north, or a well shaded span-roof. 
 The temperature should be as equable as circumstances 
 will permit, that is to say, during the day-time in winter 
 it should not fall below 60, while during the day-time in 
 summer, the less it rises above 70 the better. In the 
 night, of course, the temperature will fall considerably, 
 and even if it sink below 50 no harm will be done, and 
 many of the finest Odontoglossums will thrive at a mini- 
 mum temperature of 35. 
 
 Experience has shown that the East Indian house, or 
 a temperature averaging from a winter minimum of 60 
 
COOL TREATMENT OF ORCHIDS. 105 
 
 to a summer maximum of 95 , is not the temperature 
 suited to the well-being of a single known example of 
 Odontoglossum or Lycaste. A Cattleya house, ranging 
 from a minimum of 55 to a maximum of 85, is not ex- 
 actly suited to either of the plants named, though such 
 species as O. grande, ritrosmum, Bictonense, Phalcznopsis, 
 and nebulosum, will live and remain tolerably healthy 
 under such a temperature, if accompanied with a proper 
 degree of moisture. In fact, for such a collection and 
 for such plants as Epidendrum vitellinum, Ly castes of all 
 kinds, Lcelia cinnabarina, anceps, andflava, Cattleya Skin- 
 neri and citrina, Trichopelias and Anguloas of all sorts, 
 and many plants of kindred nature, a minimum of 43 
 and a maximum of 70 to 75 during the heat of summer, 
 are of all temperatures best suited to the plants. Lower 
 than 40 (except in a collection composed entirely of 
 Odontoglossum Pescatorei, cordatum, membranaceum, Ehren- 
 bergii, and Cervantesii, which will bear 35) it had better 
 never be, even in very cold weather, and some care must 
 be taken to keep the plants during that time in a medium 
 state of moisture. Higher than 50 at night during the 
 dead of winter is not a good practice, although the house 
 may be allowed to rise to such a height during the day, 
 before giving air. Plenty of fresh air is of great impor- 
 tance during the summer and autumn, to consolidate the 
 pseudo-bulbs and encourage free flowering. It must be 
 borne in mind and carried out in practice, that in order 
 to promote the health of the plants the temperature in 
 doors must rise and fall with the temperature out of 
 doors. A good proportion is from 5 to 8 during night, 
 and from 8 to 12 during the day. 
 
 The plants themselves may be grown either on blocks, 
 
IO6 ORCHIDS. 
 
 or in pots ; the Odontoglossums always preferring the 
 latter, and Epidendrums the former. The general di- 
 rections for potting given in a former chapter, apply 
 perfectly to these plants. As a general rule they all de- 
 light to grow in good, rich, fibry matter,- such as is to be 
 had in swamps and peat meadows, where vegetable fibre 
 largely predominates. As many of the particles of 
 earthy matter as can be easily got rid of, should be sep- 
 arated from the turfs by beating. 
 
 If there is any inclination to soddenness, or a disposi- 
 tion of any kind to obstruct thorough aeration, a good 
 quantity of sphagnum moss should be introduced, which 
 counteracts any bad effects. There is nothing to be 
 gained by impoverishing the semi-terrestrial species, and 
 often cow or horse droppings, well dried, may be added 
 to the potting material with beneficial results. 
 
 No Odontoglot, Lycaste, Lcelia, or Trichopelia, as a gen- 
 eral rule should be allowed to get dry at the roots. 
 Nothing cripples their powers of action so much as 
 drought, and it sometimes requires months or even years, 
 for a plant to recover from a single " drying off" It 
 must be borne in mind that many of these plants have 
 watery bulbs, and make several growths in a year (such 
 are O. Pescatorei, crispum, odoratum, and gloriosum), and 
 if the bulbs are once allowed to dry up and shrivel, they 
 seldom recover their former vigor. 
 
 Occasionally it is necessary, to induce floral develop- 
 ment, to check the luxuriance of particular species which 
 show little disposition to flower annually, unless thus 
 wrought upon by the hands of the cultivator ; but there 
 is a particular time when such treatment is requisite (and 
 each plant must make its own rule), and its duration 
 
COOL TREATMENT OF ORCHIDS. IO/ 
 
 must not be extended for too long a period. During the 
 growing season, no cessation of vigor must be encour- 
 aged; ample supplies of water both at the root and in 
 the atmosphere, are what the nature of the plants de- 
 mands. If the potting material be of the right kind, so 
 porous as to allow air to pass freely, and so fibrous as 
 not to become sodden, water may be given once a day 
 without injury. 
 
 To promote a moist atmosphere the shelves of the 
 Orchid house may be strewn with wet moss, from which 
 the evaporation is highly beneficial. 
 
 Insects should be kept under by the means given in a 
 former chapter. We must, however, remember that the 
 fumes of tobacco are injurious to many of the Odonto- 
 glots and other cool Orchids, causing them to shed their 
 leaves and as a general rule a miscellaneous collection 
 of Orchids requires to be fumigated with great care and 
 judgment. 
 
 We have said that experience has latterly tended to 
 show that Orchids associate admirably with vines, and 
 that they may be successfully flowered and a crop of 
 grapes be grown in the same house. If we consider the 
 ranges of temperature we have given above for the regu- 
 lation of a cool Orchid house, we shall see they accord 
 well with those required in a forcing grapery. 
 
 Experiments in England have shown that there are 
 comparatively few Orchids worth growing, which cannot 
 be cultivated under vines, and that many of the East 
 Indian species which have always been kept in the great- 
 est heat, do well under this regime. There are, however, 
 some species of Vandas, Aerides, and Phalanopses, which 
 cannot be so cultivated, though these in summer will 'suc- 
 ceed in a grapery. 
 
IO8 ORCHIDS. 
 
 This experiment is certainly worth trying in this coun- 
 try. Its success is of course questionable, for the inten- 
 sity and force of our summer's sun is so much greater 
 than in England, that what may be a success in one 
 country, may prove a disastrous failure in the other. 
 
 There is another advantage resulting' from the dis- 
 covery of the cool treatment system. It is not imprac- 
 ticable to grow Orchids in cities where only a very small 
 space can be given ; the house must be small, and the 
 temperature need not be high. Both of these conditions 
 could be realized with but little trouble and expense. 
 An attic room, or a dark unsightly yard in the city, could 
 with a very slight outlay be converted into a miniature 
 Orchid house, and the magnificent Andean Orchids grown 
 with very little trouble. In London and other Euro- 
 pean cities this has been successfully done, and there is 
 no reason why success should not reward experiments of 
 this kind in our own large cities. Some Orchids have 
 been successfully grown in the house as parlor plants, 
 as we shall show in another chapter, and Odontoglossum 
 grande has even been bloomed in England in the open 
 air, but as yet we are not very enthusiastic in regard to 
 parlor gardening with Orchids, the result of all experi- 
 ments in England showing that the only plant very suc- 
 cessfully grown in the house was Lycaste Skinneri, which 
 roots more freely in peat than any other Orchid, although 
 we have been successful with others. 
 
 It only remains to give a list of those Orchids which 
 experience has shown do well in a cool house. 
 
 First, all .the Odontoglossums from New Granada for 
 the coolest house, those from Mexico and Guatemala 
 thriving with a little more heat, but doing well in a house 
 
COOL TREATMENT OF ORCHIDS. 109 
 
 where the temperature is regulated as we have before 
 prescribed. 
 
 The Indian Ccelogynes, particularly the deciduous tribe 
 of Pleiones which need plenty of water while growing, and 
 which when well grown flower as freely as a pot of cro- 
 cuses. 
 
 Lycastes in all the species, but particularly Skinneri, 
 cruenta, and aromatica. 
 
 Maxillaria venusta. 
 
 Epidendrum aurantiacum, vitellinum, macrochilum, and 
 dnnabarinum. 
 
 Anguloa Clowesii, Ruckeri, and uniflora. 
 
 Barkeria Skinneri and spectabilis. 
 
 Dendrobium speciosum. 
 
 Phajus albus and grandifolius. 
 
 Cypripedium caudatum and most other species. 
 
 Uropedium Lindeni. 
 
 Disa grandiflora. Masdavilleas in variety. 
 
 There are many other Orchids which grow and flower 
 better with a moderate degree of heat and which do well 
 in a cool house during the greater part of the year ; such 
 are Lcelias, Sophronites and many others. 
 
 This mode of culture is as yet in its infancy, and we 
 may reasonably hope that further experiments will show 
 that Orchid culture, now confined to a few, may before 
 many years be within the reach of the masses and the 
 rich flowers of the Lcelias, Odontoglossums, and Cattleyas, 
 the fragrant blossoms of the Aerides, Dendrobiums, and 
 StanhopcaS) and the curious blooms of the Catesetums and 
 Coryanthes be as well known at our horticultural exhibi- 
 tion as the ever favorite roses, lilies, and violets. 
 
CHAPTER XVI. 
 ORCHIDS FOR PARLOR CULTURE. 
 
 LYCASTE; ODONTOGLOSSUM, CYPRIPEDIUM, BLETIA, PHAJUS, 
 GOODYERA. 
 
 THE word " Orchid " conveys to most minds an idea 
 of a plant which grows only in great heat, and re- 
 quires a peculiar mode of culture. To some " Orchid " 
 is synonymous with air plant ; yet a large portion of Or- 
 chids are not air plants (epiphytal) and many thrive in a 
 moderate temperature, and require no peculiar culture. 
 
 Some Orchids grow at such elevations that hoar frost 
 is found upon the leaves, while others are natives of the 
 hot jungles of the Indian Archipelago. 
 
 Formerly, all Orchids were grown in a hot steamy at- 
 mosphere, that being the treatment which theory recom- 
 mended. The natural consequence was that many per- 
 ished under such uncongenial culture. 
 
 The past few years have shown that Orchids from cool 
 regions require cool culture, a temperature somewhat 
 resembling that of their native haunts. The only wonder 
 is that horticulturists were thirty years in opening their 
 eyes to this patent fact. 
 
 Experience has also shown that some few of the large 
 class of cool Orchids can be successfully grown and 
 bloomed in the parlor. 
 
 Many Orchids are remarkable only for their showy 
 flowers, the foliage being sparse or deciduous. But these 
 
ORCHIDS FOR PARLOR CULTURE. HI 
 
 Orchids, adapted to parlor culture, are all from genera 
 having evergreen leaves, and the foliage of some is orna- 
 mental. 
 
 The general rules for potting Orchids are : give plenty 
 of drainage ; no Orchids thrive in a close, sour soil. Many 
 require plenty of water, but none thrive in standing water ; 
 make the soil porous, lumpy, broken, not sifted; give 
 pure air, and light, and a decided season of rest ; keep 
 the foliage clean and free from dust, and preserve the 
 roots from their numerous insect enemies. 
 
 LYCASTE. 
 
 A family of some thirty species of terrestrial Orchids 
 from South America. The leaves are large and plaited, 
 the flowers borne usually on single scapes, large and very 
 showy. 
 
 These plants should be potted in coarse peat and 
 sphagnum moss with broken potsherds or bits of char- 
 coal. 
 
 When growing, they need plenty of water, and even 
 when at rest should never be allowed to become entirely 
 dry. 
 
 L, Skinneri. This beautiful plant is a native of Guate- 
 mala. The flowers are large, from three to six inches in 
 diameter sepals and petals white or rose, recurved, lip 
 varying from pure white to deepest carmine. The growth 
 is made in summer, the flowers are produced in winter ; 
 they last six weeks in beauty and many are produced in 
 succession. 
 
 Although a close moist atmosphere is best suited to 
 this plant when in growth, it may be grown in the parlor ; 
 give plenty of water and light without full sun, the object 
 
1 1 2 ORCHIDS. 
 
 being to grow the foliage as large as possible. When 
 growth is complete, generally by October, reduce the 
 water and give more sun. Those who have a vinery, can 
 grow this plant in great perfection; keep them in the 
 vinery from May to October, in the parlor from October 
 to May. Figured in Bot. Mag., tab. 4445. Pax. Mag. 
 n, tab. i. 
 
 L. Harrisonia. A showy species which is easily 
 grown in the parlor. The leaf is large and solitary, the 
 flowers three inches in diameter, one or two in a spike, 
 white or yellowish, waxy, lip rich rose, varying to lilac. 
 This plant blooms constantly at all seasons. Bot. Reg., 
 tab. 897. 
 
 ODONTOGLOSSUM. 
 
 A large genus of generally cool Orchids. Doubtless 
 many of these beautiful plants could be grown in the 
 parlor ; we have, however, had experience with only one. 
 
 O. grande. A noble species with dark evergreen foli- 
 age. Flowers on erect racemes, five inches across, glossy 
 yellow, beautifully barred with chocolate, produced 
 freely in autumn and early winter. Pot in sphagnum 
 moss, coarse peat and charcoal. Treated as prescribed 
 for Lycaste Skinneri it blooms freely. 
 
 CYPRIPEDIUM. 
 
 A very large genus, inhabiting in some species both 
 continents, both in the temperate and torrid zones. The 
 plants are commonly known as Lady's Slipper. We have 
 in our woods beautiful species and among exotics many 
 no less attractive. 
 
 Our native species, if potted late in the autumn, will 
 bloom in the window in early spring. 
 
ORCHIDS FOR PARLOR CULTURE. 113 
 
 The best species for parlor culture is C. insigne, a noble 
 plant from Nepaul, foliage narrow, dark green ; flowers 
 solitary (rarely two), three inches broad, greenish, edged 
 with white, wings long, purple and yellow. The flowers 
 are very freely produced from November to February, and 
 last two months in perfection. 
 
 We have now Qanuary, 1876) a plant in the parlor win- 
 dow with thirty-six flowers, which has been in full beauty 
 for four weeks. The pot is two feet in diameter, and this 
 plant has been grown from a single small pot in two years. 
 This, however, was in the greenhouse, but in the parlor 
 the growth though slower is no less satisfactory. 
 
 Soil, rich peaty loam. This plant should never be 
 allowed to get dry, and requires very little rest. Grow in 
 full sunshine. 
 
 C. venustum. A pretty species with beautifully varie- 
 gated foliage, flowers rich brown, green, and chocolate, 
 but not very showy. Requires the same soil and general 
 treatment as the last. 
 
 BLETIA. 
 
 A family of terrestrial Orchids of easy culture. The 
 root stocks should be potted in autumn, and grown with 
 plenty of sun and water. The flowers are produced in 
 March on terminal spikes, and though transient are very 
 pretty. Soil, rich loam. After blooming, the foliage dies 
 away, and the roots go to rest. 
 
 B. hyadnthina. A delicate species with purple flowers, 
 marked with white, somewhat resembling our wild Calopo~ 
 gon, easily grown. 
 8 
 
1 14 ORCHIDS. 
 
 PHAJUS. 
 
 These plants are tall growers, with large broad ever- 
 green foliage, and tall scapes of large handsome flowers. 
 They need a rich soil, plenty of water, and full light, and 
 sun heat. 
 
 P. grandifolius. A native of China ; grows and flowers 
 well in the parlor. Although an Orchid, it will stand 
 more hard usage than most plants. The flowers are 
 white externally, purplish brown inside, lip white and 
 brown. Blooms freely from January to March. A more 
 showy plant, both in growth and flower, it would be hard 
 to find. We have grown plants with forty scapes carrying 
 more than five hundred flowers. 
 
 GOODYERA. 
 
 Pretty terrestrial Orchids of which two species, natives 
 of shady woods, are very pretty parlor plants. 
 
 G. pubescens and repens are not rare plants, but if potted 
 in rich leaf mould, they are very showy in window culture. 
 The foliage is green with silver tracery, the flowers white, 
 in erect spikes. Many rare exotics possess less beauty 
 than these simple native plants. 
 
CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 HYBRIDIZATION OF ORCHIDS. 
 
 AS we have before remarked, very few Orchids have 
 the power of self-fertilization. This operation is 
 generally performed by insect agency, and as in our Or- 
 chid houses insects are seldom found, so we seldom find 
 Orchids producing seed. The plants that with us have 
 most frequently seeded are Epidendrum phce?iicium and 
 aurantiacum, Cattleya Moss ice, Cypripedium barbatum, and 
 Dendrobiicm chrysanthum ; of these probably the Dendro- 
 bium was the only one which was self-fertilized. To effect 
 fertilization, therefore, artificial means must be resorted to, 
 and any mode of bringing the pollen masses into connec- 
 tion with the stigma will accomplish the result. 
 
 An explanation of terms may be appropriate in this 
 connection. 
 
 In all common Orchids the stamen is confluent with 
 the pistil, the two forming the column ; the stamens carry 
 the anther, and within the anther is the pollen. The an- 
 ther is divided into two cells, generally very distinct. 
 
 In Orchido the pollen is not, as in other plants, a fine 
 powder, but the pollen grains adhere in masses. 
 
 There are usually in Orchids three united pistils or 
 female organs of which the upper part has its anterior 
 surface viscid, which forms the stigma. The two lower 
 stigmas often are confluent so as to appear as one ; the 
 stigma of the upper pistil in many Orchids presents no 
 
Il6 ORCHIDS. 
 
 resemblance to a stigma, and is called the rostellum. It 
 includes or is formed of viscid matter, and in many Or- 
 chids the pollen masses are firmly attached to a portion 
 of the exterior membrane. In the act of fertilization the 
 stigma is penetrated by long tubes, which grow down 
 from the pollen grains and carry the contents down to the 
 ovary, thus impregnating the seeds. 
 
 To fertilize the flower we must lift up the end of the 
 column and bring the pollen masses, with a pair of fine 
 pincers, on to the pistil ; as soon as the pollen comes into 
 contact with the stigma, it is drawn into it and the work 
 is done. 
 
 Orchids vary much in the appearance of the organs of 
 fertilization, but the general process in artificial impregna- 
 tion is the same. A little practice will soon accustom 
 one to the operation. As soon as the flower is fertilized 
 it begins to fade, and the ovary begins to grow. Perhaps 
 the reason why the flowers of Orchids are so persistent 
 is that, seldom perfecting seed, the flowers endure in ex- 
 pectancy of fertilization ; when that is accomplished, the 
 end of nature, the perpetuation of the species, being at- 
 tained, the flower fades. 
 
 The seed-pods of Orchids mature slowly, and, as far as 
 our experience has shown, are about a year in coming to 
 perfection. 
 
 The seed is a fine, almost an impalpable, powder, and 
 thus requires great care in sowing. It does not germi- 
 nate readily, often requiring many months. The best 
 place to sow it is on a potsherd or block on which some 
 Orchid is growing, or upon a pot of rough peat. Where- 
 ever it is sown it must never be allowed to get dry. The 
 plants at first look like a green mould, but soon attain in- 
 
HYBRIDIZATIDN OF ORCHIDS. 
 
 dividuality. As soon as large enough to handle they 
 shtfuld be pricked off in small pots, but great care must 
 be used, as they are very delicate. 
 
 They will bloom when strong enough, and this depends 
 much upon the way they are grown ; each succeeding 
 growth should be stronger than the last ; if so, we know the 
 plant is in good health and will ultimately bloom. The 
 process is necessarily slow, and will call for exercise of 
 patient care. Those who are interested in Orchid fertili- 
 zation, than which there is nothing more curious in the 
 vegetable kingdom, should read Darwin's work on the fer- 
 tilization of Orchids, published by Murray in 1862, but 
 which has, we believe, been reprinted in this country. 
 
 A short quotation relating to the number of seeds pro- 
 duced by Orchids may not be uninteresting : " The final 
 end of the whole flower, with all its parts, is the produc- 
 tion of seed ; and these are produced by Orchids in vast 
 profusion ; not that this is anything to boast of in the 
 order, for the production of an almost infinite number of 
 eggs or seeds is undoubtedly a sign of lowness of organi- 
 zation. That a plant not an annual should escape de- 
 struction at some period of its life simply by the produc- 
 tion of a vast number of seeds or seedlings shows a pov 
 erty of contrivance or a want of some fitting protection 
 against some danger. I was curious to estimate the num- 
 ber of seeds produced by Orchids ; so I took a ripe cap- 
 sule of Cephalanthera grandiflora, and arranged the seeds 
 as equally as I could in a narrow hillock on a long ruled 
 line j and then counted the seeds in a length accurately 
 measured of one tenth of an inch. They were 80 in 
 number, and this would give for the whole capsule 6,020 
 seeds, and for the four capsules borne by the plant 24,000 
 seeds. 
 
Il8 ORCHIDS. 
 
 " Estimating in the same manner the smaller seeds in 
 Orchis maculata I found the number nearly the same, 
 namely, 6,200 ; and as I have often seen above thirty cap- 
 sules on the same plant, the total amount will be 186,300, 
 a prodigious number for one small plant to bear. As this 
 Orchid is perennial, and cannot in most places be increas- 
 ing in number, one seed alone of this large number, once 
 in every few years, produces a mature plant. I examined 
 many seeds of the Cephalanthera, and very few seemed 
 bad. 
 
 "To give an idea of what the above figures really mean, 
 I will briefly show the possible rate of increase of O. mac- 
 ulata : an acre of land would hold 174,240 plants, each 
 having a space of six inches square, which is rather closer 
 than they could flourish together; so that, allowing twelve 
 thousand bad seeds, an acre would be thickly clothed by 
 the progeny of a single plant. At the same rate of in- 
 crease the grandchildren would cover a space slightly ex- 
 ceeding the island of Anglesea, and the great-grandchil- 
 dren of a single plant would nearly (in the proportion of 
 47 to 50) clothe with one uniform green carpet the entire 
 surface of the land throughout the globe. What checks 
 this unlimited multiplication cannot be told. 
 
 " The minute seeds within their light coats are well 
 fitted for wide dissemination ; and I have several times 
 observed seedlings in my orchard and in a newly planted 
 wood which must have come from some little distance. 
 
 " Yet it is notorious that Orchids are sparingly distrib- 
 uted; for instance, this district is highly favorable to the 
 order, for within a mile of my house nine genera, includ- 
 ing thirteen species, grow ; but of these only one, Orchis 
 mario, is sufficiently abundant to make a conspicuous fea- 
 
HYBRIDIZATION OF ORCHIDS. 119 
 
 ture in vegetation ; as is O. maculata in a lesser degree 
 in open woodlands. Most of the other species, though 
 not deserving to be called rare, are sparingly distributed ; 
 yet if their seeds or seedlings were not largely and habit- 
 ually destroyed, any one of them would, as we have just 
 seen, immediately cover the whole land." 
 
 Any of us who has received Orchids collected on their 
 native habitats will have noticed the remains of old seed- 
 pods, and thus we must conclude that in their wild state 
 tropical Orchids seed profusely. 
 
 The varieties obtained by collectors lead us to believe 
 that hybridization is often effected by insect agency, and 
 that many of the plants we receive are natural hybrids. 
 This has been strikingly shown in the flowering of a large 
 lot of imported Phaltznopses in England recently, in which 
 the three species, aurea grandiflora, amabilis, and Schiller- 
 iana seem to be strangely mixed up. 
 
 In artificial hybridization, care should be taken to cross 
 those species which, for beauty or novelty of flower, would 
 be likely to give the best results. Although by seedlings 
 from one species we may chance to get variations, yet the 
 chance is rendered almost a certainty if we choose dif- 
 ferent species. 
 
 Seedlings may wholly resemble one parent, may have 
 points common to both, or may be exactly intermediate. 
 Cypripedium Harrisianum, a cross between C. villosum 
 and barbatum, has the long 'foliage of the former, but 
 spotted like the latter ; in fact, both in foliage and flower, 
 is almost exactly intermediate. Calanthe Veitchii, a hybrid 
 between Calanthe vestita and Limatodes rosea, shows marks 
 of each parent, but is superior to both in every good 
 quality. 
 
I2O ORCHIDS. 
 
 It is a noticeable fact that these hybrids in some cases 
 hybridize freely again ; thus Cattleya exoniensis, itself a 
 hybrid between C. Mossice and Lcelia purpurata, is the 
 male parent of the new and beautiful Cattleya Fausta. 
 
 The first to raise hybrid Orchids in England was Mr. 
 Dominy, foreman in Mr. Veitch's nursery, and it is from 
 this establishment that most of the hybrids already in- 
 troduced have been disseminated ; these are mostly Cat- 
 tleyas and Cypripediums, but the wonderful results obtained 
 have led many to make experiments, and the next few 
 years will doubtless give us hundreds of hybrid Orchids. 
 
 Hybridization has already made a complete collection 
 of any genus an impossibility. We do not know of any 
 hybrid Orchids having been produced in this country ; but 
 with the possibilities and many fine collections we see no 
 reason why great results may not be attained. 
 
 The following is a list of the hybrid Orchids raised by 
 Messrs Veitch : 
 
 Cattleya exoniensis, from C. Mossicz and Lalia purpurata. 
 Cattleya Dominiana, from C. amethystina and C. maxima. 
 Cattleya Dominiana alba, from C. amethystina and C. 
 
 maxima. 
 Cattleya Dominiana lutea, from C. amethystina and C. 
 
 maxima. 
 Cattleya Dominiana hybrida, from C. granulosa and C. 
 
 Harrisonid. 
 
 Cattleya Sidneana, from C. crispa and C. granulosa. 
 Cattleya Brabanticz, from C. Loddigesii and C. Acklandice. 
 Cattleya quinquecolor, from C. Acklandice. and C. Forbesii* 
 Cattleya Devoniensis, from C. crispa and C. guttata. 
 Cattleya Manglesii, from C. Mossice. and C. Loddigesii. 
 Cattleya Veitchii, from C. crispa and C. labiata. 
 
HYBRIDIZATION OF ORCHIDS. 121 
 
 Cattkya hybrida maculata, from C. guttata and C. interme- 
 dia. 
 
 Cattleya Fausta, from C. Loddigesii and C. exoniensis. 
 
 Cypripedium Dominii, from C. Pearcii and C. caudatum. 
 
 Cypripedium Euryandrum, from C. Stonei and C. barba- 
 tum. 
 
 Cypripedium Harrisianum, from C. barbatum and C. vil- 
 la su?n. 
 
 Cypripedium vexillarium, from C. barbatum and C Far- 
 rieanum. 
 
 Cypripedium Sedeni, from C. Schlimi and C. longifolium. 
 
 Cypripedium Marshallianum, from C concolor and (7. venus- 
 tum pardinum. 
 
 Cypripedium Arthurianum, from C. Farrieanum and C. 
 insigrte. 
 
 Cypripedium selligerum, from C. l&vigatum and C. barba- 
 tum. 
 
 Cypripedium hybridum, from (7. Stonei and C barbatum. 
 
 Cypripedium tessellatum, from C. concolor and C barbatum. 
 
 Calanthe Veitchii, from C vestita and Limatodes rosea. 
 
 Calanthe Dominii, from C Masuca and C furcata. 
 
 Phajus irroratus, from P. grandifolius and Calanthe 
 Veitchii. 
 
 Anactochilus Dominii, from ^. xanthophyllus and <S^0</- 
 jymz discolor. 
 
 Goodyera Veitchii, from . discolor and Anczctochilus 
 Veitchii. 
 
 Goodyera Dominii, from Antzctochilus Lowii and Goodyera 
 discolor. 
 
 Aerides hybridum, from ^4. d$fr^ and ^. Fieldingi. 
 
 Lcelia Pilcheri, from Z. Perrini and Cattleya crispa. 
 
 Lalia Pilcheri alba, from Z. Perrini and Cattleya crispa. 
 
122 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Lalia flammea, from L. dnnabarina and L. Pilcheri. 
 .Dendrobium Dominii, from D. nobile and D. moniliforme. 
 Zygopetahim Sedeni, from Z. maxillare and Z. Mackayi. 
 Chysis Chelsoni, from C. bractescens and C. Limminghi. 
 
 There are many other hybrids which have already been 
 exhibited in England, but we have been unable to obtain 
 trustworthy accounts of their parentage. We have how- 
 ever seen a fine seedling from Cypripedium insigne, named 
 C. Chanting of French origin ; it has the vigor of the 
 parent, but the banner is almost pure white from a purple 
 base, making it a remarkably beautiful flower. 
 
 ONCIDIUM PHCENICIUM. 
 
CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 ORCHIDS FOR HOUSE DECORATION AND FOR THE MARKET. 
 
 WE have in a former chapter referred to the length 
 of time the flowers of Orchids remain in perfec- 
 tion. This quality admirably fits them for house decora- 
 tion. It might be inferred, from the atmosphere neces- 
 sary for their growth, that Orchids would suffer when 
 removed to the far dryer air of the parlor, but such for- 
 tunately is not the case. 
 
 Most Orchids bloom when the growth is complete or 
 just beginning, when in fact there is no immature growth, 
 the pseudo-bulbs having become hard, or the growing bud 
 being so young that a check does it no injury, so that a 
 change of temperature is seldom injurious to the plant. 
 
 When kept in the close atmosphere of the Orchid 
 house, the flowers of Orchids are short-lived compared 
 with their duration when removed to a cooler and dryer 
 air. Moisture in the air is injurious to most Orchid 
 flowers, causing them soon to become spotted and un- 
 sightly. It is therefore the practice of all Orchid growers 
 to remove Orchids in bloom to a cooler and dryer atmos- 
 phere, and manyfchave an exhibition house where the 
 Orchids are arranged with ferns, which supply the want 
 of foliage in many of the species, and present a beautiful 
 show. 
 
 Plants in flower add much to the attractions of the hall 
 and parlor, and it is as easy to have choice exotics as a 
 
124 ORCHIDS. 
 
 mass of common plants. A very small Orchid house, if 
 stocked with reference to a succession of bloom, will fur- 
 nish plants in bloom sufficient to fill a table with choice 
 flowering plants every day in the year. Some regard 
 must be paid, how r ever, to growing plants of which the 
 flowers last long in perfection, and in this there is a great 
 difference in Orchids. 
 
 The blossoms of some are almost ephemeral, and 
 many are only of a few days duration. The many species 
 of Stanhopea, than which no Orchids produce more curious 
 or fragrant flowers, last only in perfection three or four 
 days. Sobralia macrantha, one of the most glorious flow- 
 ers the world produces, lasts only two days, a defect how- 
 ever somewhat compensated for by the successive pro- 
 duction of several flowers from the same sheath. While 
 some of the large family of Dendrobiums are very persis- 
 tent in blossom, others have flowers of very transient 
 duration. 
 
 Oncidium Papilio, the well known Butterfly Plant of 
 the West Indies, and the allied but far more beautiful O. 
 Kramerianum, last only three or four days in bloom, 
 while the lovely Phalcenopscs, the East Indian Butterfly 
 Plants, are almost imperishable in bloom. 
 
 We have in a former chapter indicated the duration of 
 many Orchid flowers ; suffice it here to say, that, with a 
 good selection of Cattleyas, Ontidiums, Lcelias, Cypripe. 
 diums, Calanthes, Aerides, Phalcenopses, Saccolabiums, and 
 Dendrobiums, there need not be a day in the year when 
 half a dozen plants cannot be found in bloom. 
 
 Perhaps, however, the best way to give an idea of what 
 plants may be needed for such decoration will be to give 
 a list of the flowering Orchids we have had in a large bay 
 
FOR HOUSE DECORATION AND MARKET. 12$ 
 
 window in our hall during the last year, premising that 
 of most of these plants we have only two specimens in 
 the Orchid house, most being plants with flowers of long 
 duration. 
 
 JANUARY. Cypripedium insigne, C. Harrisianum, C. biflo- 
 rum, C. vemistum, Angr&cum eburneum, A. ses- 
 quipedale, Calanthe vestita in variety, C. Veitchii, 
 Cattleya Triancz in variety, C. pumila, Lcelia 
 anceps, Ansettia africana, Brasavola venosa, On- 
 cidium ornithorhyncum, Phalcenopsis amabilis, 
 Dendrobium Linwinianum, Ccelogyne cristata, 
 Saccolabium grandiflorum. 
 
 FEBRUARY. Cypripedium Hookeri, C. biftorum, C. villosum, 
 C. hirsutissimum, Phajus grandifolius, P. macu- 
 latus, Lcelia peduncularis, Phalcenopsis Schilleri- 
 ana, Dendrvbium macrophyllum, Vanda tricolor, 
 Cattleya Triance, Cirrhopetalum Medusa, Epi- 
 dendrum prismatocarpum, Zygopetalum Gauteri, 
 Dendrobium nobile, Odontoglossum pulchellum. 
 
 MARCH. Dendrochilum glumaceum, Cattleya amethysti- 
 glossa, Onddium flexuosum (in bloom every 
 month in the year), O. luridum guttatum, Phal- 
 cenopsis grandiflora aurea, Epidendrum Stam- 
 fordianum, Lycaste Skinneri, Dendrobium chry- 
 sotoxum superbum, Brasavola glauca. 
 
 APRIL. Dendrobium chrysanthum; Epidendrum macrochi- 
 lum in variety, Cattleya Skinneri, Vanda sua- 
 vis, Cypripedium barbatum in variety, Phajus 
 Wallichii, Chysis bractescens, Cypripedium pur- 
 puratum, Dendrobium Pierardii, D. albosangui- 
 neum, D. anosmum, D. Cambridgianum, Tricho- 
 pilia suavis-. 
 
126 ORCHIDS. 
 
 MAY. Aerides affine, A. Fieldingii, Cattleya Mossice (many 
 varieties, forty flowers at a time), Cypripedium 
 Lowii, Brassia verrucosa, Dendrobium Parishii, 
 D. transparens, Oncidium divaricatum, Lcelia 
 cinnabarina, L. flava, L- purpurata, Odentoglos- 
 sum citrosmum. 
 
 JUNE. Aerides odor at um, A. Lobbii, Cattleya labiata, 
 
 C. amethystina, C&logyne spetiosa, Cypripedium 
 superbiens, Dendrobium calceolare, D. JBensonitf, 
 
 D. Devonianun, Huntleya cerina, Oncidium obry- 
 zatum, l^richopilia tortilis, Vanda cczrulescens, 
 Zygopetalum maxillare. 
 
 JULY. Aerides testaceum, Cattleya Loddigesii, C. Harri- 
 somana, Dendrobium primulinum, D. Dalhousi- 
 anum, D. Wardianum, Oncidium incurvum, So- 
 bralia macrantha, Trichopilia Turialvce, Cypri- 
 pedium superbiens. 
 
 AUGUST. Cattleya crispa, Dendrobium formosum gigan- 
 teum y Miltonia spectabilis and Moreliana, Per- 
 isteria elata, Stanhopeas in variety, Oncidium 
 hczmatochilum. 
 
 SEPTEMBER. Cattleya Loddigesii, Dendrobium infundibu- 
 lum, Epidendrum cuspidatum, Lycaste aromatica 
 (always in bloom), Peristeria elata, Stanhopeas 
 in variety, Vanda Bensonice. 
 
 OCTOBER. Aerides suavissimum, Lcelia Perrinii, L. al- 
 bida, Miltonia Candida, Oncidium leucochilum, 
 Stanhopeas in variety. 
 
 NOVEMBER. Cattleya bulbosa, Cymbidium Mastersii, On- 
 cidium crispum grandiflorum, Lalia acuminata, 
 L. autumnalis, Maxillaria picta, Pilumna fra- 
 grans, Pleione maculata, humilis, and Wallichi- 
 
FOR PIOUSE DECORATION AND MARKET. 127 
 
 ana, Saccolabium violaceum and Harrisianum, 
 Vanda coerulea. 
 
 DECEMBER. Ansellia africana, Cypripedium insigne, Vanda 
 
 tricolor, Calanthe vestita, Cattleya Chocoensis, 
 
 Odontoglossum grande, Calanthe Veitchii, Zygo- 
 
 fetalum Mackayi and crinitum, Lalia Lindley- 
 
 ana. 
 
 These are some of the plants which have been in 
 bloom, and from time to time adorned the house during 
 the last year, and not one has suffered from removal from 
 the Orchid house. 
 
 This list is given especially to show the blooming 
 seasons of the plants ; the season of bloom may be ad- 
 vanced or retarded, and no plants endure these processes 
 better than Orchids. 
 
 The treatment of Orchids while in the house is very 
 simple. Do not let the plant dry up, and do not keep it 
 very wet ; occasionally sponge the foliage to remove dust, 
 and do not expose the plants to cold draughts, to direct 
 sunlight, or to a temperature below 50. As soon as 
 the flowers fade, return the plant to the Orchid house for 
 growth. 
 
 ORCHIDS FOR MARKET. 
 
 There are some Orchids which can be profitably grown 
 for flowers. The public taste is fast becoming educated, 
 and people are learning that, however beautiful a rose or 
 a pink may be, that there are rarer and more beautiful 
 flowers in the floral kingdom, flowers which excel in 
 beauty, color, and fragrance. 
 
 Already Orchid flowers are in demand for choice bou- 
 quets, or as single flowers for vases. 
 
1 28 ORCHIDS. 
 
 The value of an Orchid for the market depends upon 
 the qualities of durability, color, and fragrance, some- 
 what upon singularity of form. With the florist, it will 
 also be a consideration how easily the plant can be 
 grown, and how much flower it will produce. 
 
 Now while most Orchids must ever remain a luxury 
 for the amateur, on account of their scarcity and conse- 
 quent high cost, there are many which can be easily and 
 profitably grown by the florist. Of these we mention a 
 few. 
 
 Cypripedium msigne, valuable for blooming in Decem- 
 ber, when flowers are scarce ; a free bloomer, the flowers 
 lasting many weeks in water. 
 
 Many of the other Cypripediums, as they become com- 
 mon will doubtless prove valuable, and much may be ex- 
 pected from the new hybrids. 
 
 Dendrobium nobile is already much in demand, the 
 flowers selling freely at a good price ; valuable for color 
 and fragrance. 
 
 D. Wallichianum, a closely allied species, has richer 
 colored flowers. These plants, by a little care, may be 
 had in bloom from November to June. 
 
 Ccdogyne cristata, a lovely pure white flower with crested 
 yellow lip, valuable for wreaths and bridal bouquets, free 
 flowering and of very easy culture. 
 
 Calanthe vestita, in its many varieties, is a valuable 
 plant with graceful flowers, valuable for fine work. 
 
 Lycaste Skinneri, of easy culture, producing freely its 
 large showy flowers, which last long in perfection. 
 
 Cattleya Triance all the many varieties of this beautiful 
 winter-blooming Cattleya are very handsome. The flow- 
 ers are large, deliciously fragrant, and very durable. 
 
FOR HOUSE DECORATION AND MARKET. 129 
 
 There are many other Orchids, which as they become 
 more common, will be generally grown ; in England there 
 is a large trade in Orchid flowers, and doubtless in this 
 country a market wilj create itself, at remunerative prices 
 to the grower for all that can be produced. 
 
 ONCIDIUM INSLEAYI. 
 
CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 HISTORY OF ORCHID CULTURE IN THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 ORCHID culture in the United States dates from 
 an early day ; and the first Orchids were grown in 
 Boston about the year 1838, when comparatively few 
 Orchids were known in England, and those chiefly from 
 the importations of Messrs. Loddige, in whose "Botan- 
 ical Cabinet " they were first figured. Mr. James Boott, 
 then resident in London, sent to his brother, John Wright 
 Boott, a collection of Orchids. 
 
 Mr. Boott had a small greenhouse in the yard of 
 his house on Bowdoin Square, which occupied the site 
 where the Revere House now stands. He was an en- 
 thusiastic lover of flowers, and cared for his greenhouse 
 personally as a recreation from business. During the 
 next few years he imported more Orchids, and the more 
 common species of Cattleyas, Dendrobiums, and Epiden- 
 drums were found in his collection, which, however, con- 
 sisted chiefly of Orchids from the Western Continent, 
 as previous to 1845 comparatively few of the East In- 
 dian Orchids had been introduced to cultivation. 
 
 Mr. Boott died about 1842, and bequeathed his collec- 
 tion of Orchids to John Amory Lowell, who at that time 
 resided upon the old Lowell estate on Heath Street, Rox- 
 bury, which he had inherited from his father. 
 
 During the next ten years, the Orchids remained in 
 the possession of Mr. Lowell, who built an Orchid house 
 
HISTORY OF ORCHID CULTURE IN AMERICA. 131 
 
 for their accommodation, and increased the collection 
 by importations. The first Orchids we ever saw were 
 exhibited by Mr. Lowell before the Massachusetts Hor- 
 ticultural Society, one being an immense Dendrobium 
 Calceolus, which was a magnificent specimen. 
 
 About 1853, Mr. Lowell leasing his country residence, 
 the Orchids were sold to the tenant, by whom they were 
 neglected, and many perished. Some were sold, chiefly 
 Oncidiums, we believe, and still exist in the greenhouses 
 of the Misses Pratt, at Watertown. 
 
 The balance of the collection, comprising the larger 
 plants, was about the year 1854 bought by Edward S. 
 Rand, and removed to his greenhouses in Dedham, 
 where a house was built for their reception. 
 
 Mr. Rand was enthusiastic in the culture of these 
 plants, and added largely to the collection by importa- 
 tions from Messrs. Hugh Low & Son, of Clapton Nur- 
 series, London. 
 
 About 1856, this collection probably contained the 
 finest specimen Orchids in the country ; among them we 
 especially remember the grand plant of Dendrobium Cal- 
 ceolus, four feet high and at least three feet in diameter ; 
 and a plant of Cattleya crispa, as large as a small wash- 
 tub. 
 
 About 1865 Mr. Rand, selling his country estate, pre- 
 sented his large collection of stove and greenhouse plants, 
 including all the Orchids, to Harvard College ; and they 
 were removed to the greenhouses at the Cambridge Bo- 
 tanic Garden. 
 
 The greenhouses at Cambridge were not suitable for 
 their cultivation, and they were crowded with other 
 plants ; the Orchids fared poorly, and most of the more 
 
132 ORCHIDS. 
 
 delicate perished. Within the past few years, however, 
 considerable attention has been paid to Orchids at the 
 Botanic Garden, and the collection, consisting of the 
 plants presented by Mr. Rand, with additions, ex- 
 changes, and importations, has been greatly increased, 
 so that now the Garden possesses the foundation for a 
 fine collection. The species represented are chiefly 
 those from the Western Continent, there being compara- 
 tively few of the East Indian Orchids. 
 
 The large specimen of Dendrobium Calceolus had been 
 divided into two, and on the writer's beginning his collec- 
 tion of Orchids, Dr. Gray kindly gave him one of these 
 plants, now a beautiful specimen with canes five feet 
 long, which, every spring, is a mass of drooping racemes 
 of fragrant buff flowers. 
 
 It is a little singular that one of Mr. Boott's original 
 plants should survive the vicissitudes of thirty-five years, 
 and to-day be represented by two of as fine specimen 
 Orchids as can be found in the country. 
 
 In 1873 the first Orchids were grown at Glen Ridge, 
 and since then the collection has been largely increased. 
 Owing to careful culture and the perfect adaptation of 
 the houses, the plants have thriven wonderfully, and 
 there are now in the houses many very fine specimens. 
 
 It is, however, rather a selection than a collection of 
 Orchids ; all inferior species have been discarded, and 
 only plants retained which are remarkable for beauty or 
 fragrance of flower. Thus of the large genus Epiden- 
 drum, comprising many hundred species, less than a 
 dozen are grown. 
 
 Preference has also been given to winter flowering Or- 
 chids, as during the months of July, August, and Sep- 
 
HISTORY OF ORCHID CULTURE IN AMERICA. 133 
 
 tember, the writer's absence from Glen Ridge renders to 
 him Orchids blooming in those months less desirable. 
 The Glen Ridge Orchids are the finest in New England, 
 and embrace plants of the most desirable kinds, though 
 for number of specimens and for some of individual 
 plants, they cannot vie with the magnificent collections 
 of George Such of South Amboy, N. J., and of Erastus 
 Corning and Gen. John F. Rathbone, of Albany. 
 
 Of other collections in the vicinity of Boston, we may 
 mention that of Gardiner G. Hubbard, of Cambridge, in 
 which are fine specimens of Stanhopeas and Cyrtopodium ; 
 a choice collection of Cypripediums of William Gray, Jr., 
 Boston ; a small sale collection of the Messrs. Hovey at 
 Cambridge ; and a very choice collection of rare species 
 of Frederick L. Ames, of Easton. 
 
 In the vicinity of New York, the culture of Orchids 
 was first attempted by Mr. Thomas Hogg, about the year 
 1850, or earlier, who at that time had an extensive col- 
 lection ; it consisted mainly of Stanhopeas, Cattleyas, On- 
 adiums, Cycnoches ventricosum (a rare Orchid at present), 
 and Aerides odoratum, which was its rarest plant then. 
 Many years earlier, however, some few Orchids had been 
 grown, although no collection was in existence. In Sep- 
 tember, 1840, the veteran florist Mr. Isaac Buchanan 
 brought the first Cattleya Mossice. from London, and soon 
 after imported from Brazil a collection of Orchids, a part 
 of which were sent to Messrs. Hugh Low & Son, of Lon- 
 don. For the next fifteen years Mr. Buchanan cultivated 
 a few Orchids, but it was not until the breaking up of 
 Mr. Thomas Hogg's collection, in 1855-6, that he grew a 
 great number. 
 
 The distribution of Mr. Hogg's collection gave an im- 
 petus to Orchid culture. 
 
134 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Dr. James Knight, of New York, built a small Orchid 
 house, bought some of Mr. Hogg's plants, and imported 
 an assortment from Messrs Low, by which means many 
 plants already in cultivation in this country were correctly 
 named. Dr. Knight was successful in Orchid culture, 
 and grew and flowered many in perfection, among others 
 the beautiful Dendrobium Devonianum, one of the loveliest 
 of Orchids, for the first time in this country. 
 
 In 1856, Mr. Buchanan returning from Europe, brought 
 with him a good assortment of the best kinds then grown, 
 which formed the nucleus of his collection, to which he 
 has ever since been adding, and from which more Or- 
 chids have been distributed than from any establishment 
 in this country. 
 
 A portion of the collection of Mr. Hogg passed into 
 the possession of Cornelius Van Voorst, of Jersey City, 
 and another portion was purchased by Jesse Paulmerre, of 
 the same city ; still another part went to Mr. Baker, of 
 New York, an amateur collector, who at one time had 
 some fine Orchids. The collection of Mr. Paulmerre was 
 soon merged in that of Mr. Van Voorst, so that about 
 1857 the houses of Mr. Van Voorst contained the finest 
 collection in the country. The plants were under the in- 
 telligent care of Mr. John Fleming, who brought to the 
 task rare knowledge and ardent love of floriculture, and 
 who developed some wonderful specimens. To see these 
 plants was worth a journey of many miles ; we shall never 
 forget one visit when one side of a house was a mass of 
 bloom of Cattleya Mossicz in its many varieties, and 
 another when in mid winter a mass of Calanthe vestita 
 grouped with Adiantum, formed a picture of unparalleled 
 beauty. 
 
HISTORY OF ORCHID CULTURE IN AMERICA. 135 
 
 At the present day these would not be wonderful, but 
 at that time, probably, no Orchid house in the world could 
 have shown a finer display. The collection of Mr. Van 
 Voorst embraced about two hundred and fifty species, 
 among which were nineteen species of Aerides, forty Cat- 
 tleyas, fourteen Qdontoglossums, ten Anczctochiluses, thirty 
 Dendrobiums, sixteen Lcelias, and was especially rich in 
 fine plants of Cattleyas, Aerides, Saccolabiums, and Den- 
 drobiums. There were specimens of Cattleya crisp a, An- 
 sellia africcifia, and Aerides odoratum, which two men 
 could hardly lift. 
 
 In 1870, the whole of the Van Voorst collection was 
 bought by Mr. M. Lienau, then of Jersey City. Mr. 
 Lienau was one of the first who sent Orchids to Europe. 
 As a young man, he was sent to South America, as super- 
 cargo in one of his uncle's vessels, and saw fine Orchids 
 with Mr. Perrin, of Rio Janeiro. He bought of Mr. 
 Perrin seventy pounds worth, Lczlia Perrinii among the 
 number, and sent them to his uncle in Germany. After 
 his uncle's death, he brought a share of these plants to 
 Jersey City, and these, with the large collection of Mr. 
 Van Voorst and numerous importations, formed the 
 largest and finest collection in the country. 
 
 In 1873 Mr. Lienau returned to Germany, taking with 
 him many of his choicest plants to Hamburg, where he 
 now resides, still an amateur in Orchids. The balance 
 of the Lienau collection was sold at auction, October 4th, 
 5th, and 6th, 1873. This was the largest sale of Orchids 
 ever made in this country. There were in all 917 lots, 
 among which were 136 Cattleyas, 75 Dendrobiums, 30 Cy- 
 pripediums, 12 Selenepediums, 41 Stanhopeas, 25- Aerides, 
 40 Odontoglossums, 70 Oncidiums, 28 Vandas, and 40 
 
1 36 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Lalias, besides large numbers of Lycastes, Maxillarias^ 
 Miltonias, Catasetums, JBrassias, Brasavolas, Zygopetalums, 
 Epidendrums, and a host of various Orchids. All these 
 were established plants, many were splendid specimens, 
 and there were many plants collected by Roezl, among 
 which doubtless existed many fine and probably new 
 varieties. 
 
 The dispersion of this collection was in one view a 
 great misfortune, as many rare plants were without doubt 
 lost by passing into the possession of careless or igno- 
 rant cultivators. 
 
 The collections of Orchids in New York and vicinity 
 are not now numerous. 
 
 Mr. Isaac Buchanan still cherishes the love of his 
 earlier days, and has at his greenhouses in Astoria very 
 many choice plants. 
 
 John Cadness, of Flushing, Long Island, has a small 
 sale collection. Mr. S. B. Dodd, of Hoboken, has a nice 
 amateur assortment ; John Patterson, of Newark, N. J. 
 has a good private collection. 
 
 In Philadelphia, Robert Buist, one of our oldest florists, 
 has a small Orchid house. Mention should also be made 
 of a small assortment grown by Caleb Cope, in Philadel- 
 phia, about 1850, which was dispersed after his death. 
 At South Amboy we find the splendid collection of Mr. 
 George Such, in which still exist many of the Van Voorst 
 plants, as at the Lienau sale Mr. Such was a large pur- 
 chaser. Although a zealous amateur, Mr. Such sells sur- 
 plus or duplicate plants, and it is from his Orchid houses 
 that many of our present cultivators have first procured 
 their plants. To visit Mr. Such's collection is enough to 
 make one an Orchid amateur, and we are convinced such 
 
HISTORY OF ORCHID CULTURE IN AMERICA. 137 
 
 a visit has been the first incentive to the construction of 
 many an Orchid house. Such magnificent Cattleyas, 
 Aerides, Vandas, Dendrobiums, Ccelogynes, Lizlias, Zygo- 
 petalums, and hosts of other choice Orchids, can be found 
 nowhere except in the splendid collections at Albany of 
 which we make mention hereafter. 
 
 Leaving New York by the Hudson, we find at many of 
 the country seats small collections of Orchids. At 
 Tarrytown, Mr. Mitchell has a beautiful Orchid house 
 containing some nice plants. At his charming country 
 seat Tioronda, Matteawan, Gen. Joseph Rowland has 
 an assortment of rare species under perfect culture. 
 
 At Rhinebeck, at the residence of the late William Kel- 
 ley, there is a good assortment, containing fine plants, but 
 generally of old and long known species. 
 
 In Albany exist the finest collections of Orchids in 
 the United States. No lover of Orchids, in visiting Al- 
 bany, should fail to spare a few hours for the green- 
 houses of Mr. Louis Menand, an ardent lover of flowers, 
 and especially of Orchids. We never fail to find with 
 him choice and rare plants, which we see nowhere else. 
 With Mr. Menand a flower is not valued for what it 
 will bring in dollars and cents ; a florist, and growing 
 flowers for the market, he has all the love of an ardent 
 amateur, and his love for his pet plants, which no money 
 can buy, and his companionship with them, will be ap- 
 preciated by all lovers of flowers, and is as rare as it is 
 attractive. 
 
 At his country place Ta-wass-a-gun-shee, near Albany, 
 Erastus Corning, Esq., has the most extensive collection 
 of Orchids in the United States. There are about four 
 hundred species and varieties, and many very fine sped- 
 
138 ORCHIDS. 
 
 mens. Mr. Corning began his collection about 1850, 
 with thirty species brought by him from England, and 
 has added to it ever since ; we find seventeen species of 
 Aerides, thirty-five of 'Cattleya, thirty of Cypripedium^ 
 twenty-eight of Dendrobium, twenty-one of Lcelia, six of 
 MasdevaHia, twenty-seven of Odontoglossum^ twenty-four 
 of Oncidium, seven of Phalcenopsis, and twelve of Vanda, 
 and among these only the choicest kinds, many of which 
 are almost unpurchasable in England. Among plants 
 specially worthy of notice as large specimens are Aerides 
 odoratum purpur ascent, Angrcecnm sesquipedale, Cattleyas 
 labiata and Schilleriana, Lcelia superbiens, Masdevallia Har- 
 ryana, Odontoglossum Dawsonii, Phalcenopses grandiflora 
 and Schilleriana, Vandas tricolor, insignis, and suavis, and 
 Saccolabium retusum. This collection owes its perfec- 
 tion to the watchful care and intelligent culture of the 
 head gardener, William Gray, who unites to an ardent 
 love of these plants much scientific knowledge and 
 great cultural experience. 
 
 The Orchid house of Gen. John F. Rathbone, in Al- 
 bany, contains some of the finest plants in America. 
 Although in species the collection of Mr. Corning is supe- 
 rior, there are, in General Rathbone's, single plants which, 
 as specimens, are unsurpassed. The Cattleyas, Vandas, 
 Angrcecums, and Phalcenopses, of this latter collection, 
 have no equals in the country. 
 
 General Rathbone in 1860 imported from London his 
 first Orchid, Vanda suavis. He writes : " I was so de- 
 lighted with the plant and flowers that I caught the Orchid 
 fever, which I am happy to say is now prevailing to con- 
 siderable extent in this country, and which I trust will 
 become epidemic ; I purchased each year following a few 
 
HISTORY OF ORCHID CULTURE IN AMERICA. 139 
 
 plants. In 1867, that I might successfully grow this 
 charming family of plants, I built a house exclusively for 
 Orchids ; and now I have a collection that will compare 
 favorably with any in America. As to my success in 
 flowering, let me briefly say that I have flowered sin- 
 gle plants : Dendrobium nobile, 476 flowers ; Phalcenop- 
 sis amabalis, 85 flowers ; Phal&nopsis Schilleriana, 156 
 flowers ; Angrczcum eburneum, 30 flowers ; Angrczcum 
 sesquipedale, 12 flowers ; Odontoglossum grande, 48 flow- 
 ers ; Ccelogyne cristata, 216 flowers; Cyrtochilum macula- 
 turn^ in flowers ; and numbers of Cattleya Mossice, with 
 from fifty to seventy flowers each." 
 
 General Rathbone's collection contains now 686 plants, 
 all of choice kinds, and many in superb specimens. We 
 may mention ten species of Aerides, twenty-seven of 
 Cattleyas, ten of Cypripediums, twenty-five of Dendrobiums^ 
 fifteen of Odontoglossums, fifteen of choice Oncidiums, 
 six of Saccolabiums, four of Phalcenopses, in splendid speci- 
 mens, and eight of Vandas. 
 
 There may be other collections in the country which 
 have not come to our notice. Orchids are becoming pop- 
 ular, and it is a common thing to partition off the warm 
 end of the greenhouse and grow a few of the free-bloom- 
 ing species, and there is hardly a greenhouse where a 
 few Orchids cannot be found, if only Phajus grandifolius 
 and Cypripe Jht in insigne. 
 
 The Orchids which have been imported from England 
 have generally come from Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, 
 King's Road, Chelsea, London, who have a fine collec- 
 tion, and Messrs. Hugh Low & Son of Clapton Nursery, 
 London. Our importations have been. from the latter 
 house, which is one of the largest importers of Orchids, 
 
140 
 
 ORCHIDS. 
 
 employing many collectors, and they have sent us many 
 plants, which have always arrived in fine order, both from 
 careful selection and careful packing. 
 
 We trust the day is not far distant, when amateurs in 
 this country will send out collectors, and bring home Or- 
 chids in quantity. 
 
 The Orchids of Mexico and South America are of 
 easy access, and by the Pacific Railroad the Orchid 
 homes of the East Indies are now very near to us. 
 
 AERIDES CRISPUM. 
 
CHAPTER XX. 
 
 DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 
 
 A WORK on Orchids would be incomplete did it fail 
 to give a descriptive list of the different species, and 
 to point out those most worthy of cultivation. There are 
 many Orchids which though curious have insignificant 
 flowers and are not worth a place in a collection unless 
 mere botanical research or curiosity are the objects. 
 Again, in choosing plants an amateur is seldom able from 
 a catalogue to select those which for brilliancy of color 
 and size or singularity of flower are most desirable, and 
 few possess the knowledge requisite to make a good se- 
 lection. 
 
 In the following list the finest plants, which for bril- 
 liancy and abundance of flower or for fragrance are desir- 
 able, are marked with the letter A. Those which are well 
 worth growing, but not as fine as the first class, by B. 
 The less attractive plants, "C. Those which for insignifi- 
 cant flowers should be rejected, R. 
 
 A small collection of choice Orchids will give more 
 pleasure than a large house full of more common species ; 
 and it should be remembered that a good plant requires 
 no more care and occupies no more room than a poor 
 one. The general treatment needed for each plant is 
 noted, and more especially any peculiar culture which in- 
 dividual varieties may require. 
 
 Where it has been possible the work where any species 
 
142 ORCHIDS. 
 
 or variety is figured is indicated, that any one having ac- 
 cess to a Botanical Library may ascertain the appearance 
 and study the description of the plant in a more extended 
 form than we have been able to transfer to these pages. 
 
 Acanthophippium. Blume. Terrestrial. 
 
 Name obscure ? ffyiinria., a saddle cloth. Xenophon. 
 B. Acanthophippium bicolor. Ceylon . B. R., 1730. 
 
 Maud, Bot, 4, 200. 
 
 Flowers roundish, of a fine orange color tipped with 
 purple and deep red. 
 
 B. Acanthophippium javanicum. Batavia. B. R., 32, 47. 
 
 B. M., 4492. 
 Blume, Orch., 49. 
 Lem. Jard., 35. 
 M. O. P., i. 
 
 Petals and sepals pale yellow, striped and marked with 
 purple. The lip is narrow and is of peculiar form and 
 furnished with many recurved teeth ; the ground color is 
 pale yellow tinged with purple. 
 
 C. Acanthophippium striatum. Lindley. Nepaul, 
 
 B. R., 1838, 68. 
 
 Perianth pure white at the base, striped with delicate 
 purple ; the lip richly marked with purple. 
 
 R. Acanthophippium sylhetense. Sylhet . . G. & S., 177. 
 The perianth is creamy white, tinted with rose. 
 
 The flowers are produced plentifully at the base of the 
 pseudo-bulbs on short peduncles. The plants should be 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 143 
 
 grown in well-drained pots, in a rich compost of peat and 
 leaf mould, with a mixture of broken potsherds. They 
 should be kept in the coolest part of the house, almost 
 dry during the resting season. As soon as growth be- 
 gins, water lightly, increasing the supply according to the 
 strength of the shoots ; if possible give bottom heat as 
 soon as the plants begin to grow. 
 
 The flowers may by a little management be had at any 
 season ; they are rather pretty, somewhat fragrant, and 
 remain a long time in bloom. There are, however, so 
 many finer Orchids that except in a large collection none 
 of the species are worth growing. 
 
 Acineta. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from o/ctVrjTos, immovable. 
 
 B. Acineta Barkeri. Mexico . . Pax. Mag., 14, 145. 
 
 B. R, 1843, 99- 
 I. H., 44. 
 SYN. Peristeria Barkeri ; Bate man. Mexico. 
 
 Flowers yellow, in spikes about a foot long, produced 
 from the bottom of the basket, blooms in summer, and 
 if kept dry will last a long time in perfection. There are 
 several varieties differing in intensity of color. 
 
 A. Acineta Humboltii. Venezuela . . B. M., 4156, var. 
 SYN. Peristeria Humboltii. Fl. des Ser., 992. 
 
 Anguloa superba. Lindley. B. R., 1843, 18. 
 
 M. O. P., i. 
 
 Flowers large, deep chocolate spotted with crimson. 
 The spikes are produced in the same manner as in the 
 former species but about a month earlier ; they last only 
 a short time in perfection. 
 
144 ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. Acineta longiscapa. Venezuela. 
 
 A species bearing great resemblance to Acineta Hum- 
 boltii, but with smaller flowers and blooming in winter. 
 
 Flowers large, on a long slender pendulous spike, ten 
 to twenty in number, very fragrant. A free blooming 
 plant of easy culture. This species is not found in Eu- 
 ropean catalogues, but is not rare in American collec- 
 tions. 
 
 There are other species. Acineta densa, from Costa 
 Rica, is remarkable for a close spike of deep yellow 
 flowers, and is probably a variety of Acineta Barkeri ; fig- 
 ured in Floral Magazine, pi. 16. 
 
 Acineta erythroxantha, cryptodonta, and sella-turcica, are 
 figured in Reich. Xen., pi. 70. 
 
 These plants should be grown in baskets they send 
 their flower-stems down through the bottom, and care 
 should be taken that nothing arrests the downward 
 growth of the bud. All species are evergreen, with short 
 pseudo-bulbs and leaves about a foot high. 
 
 They require a liberal supply of water at the roots 
 during the growing season. 
 
 Aoranthus. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from a-fip, the air, and &?0(fc, a flower. 
 C. Acranthus arachnitis B. M., 6034. 
 
 This is a curious plant from Madagascar. The foliage 
 is broad, green ; the flowers on very long peduncles, of 
 very peculiar shape, yellowish green. 
 
 The plant may be grown oh a block or in a pot, with 
 fresh sphagnum and good drainage. It requires the hot- 
 test house. 
 Acranthus grandiflorus is figured . . . . B. R., 817. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 
 
 '45 
 
 Acropera. Lindlcy. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from &Kpos, the end, ir^pcc, a pouch. 
 
 A. Acropera armeniaca. Nicaragua . B. M., tab. 5501. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 116. 
 
 Flowers very large, rich apricot color, in long, pendent 
 racemes all summer. A rapid grower, of easy culture, 
 and by far the best of the genus. As yet it is a rare 
 plant. 
 
 B. Acropera Batemanni. 
 
 A species resembling that last described, but not so 
 desirable. 
 
 C. Acropera luteola. Mexico. 
 
 SYN. Acropera lutea. 
 
 Flowers orange-yellow, very plentifully produced in 
 hanging bunches ; very fragrant. 
 
 C. Acropera Loddigesii. Mexico . . . . B. M., 3563. 
 SYN. Maxittaria Gatteoti. 
 
 Flowers pale yellow marked with purple. 
 
 There are also the sub-varieties, Acropera aurantiaca, 
 Loddigesii aurea, fusca, purpurea, which differ only in 
 intensity of color. 
 
 This species is very common and is a pretty free grow- 
 ing and free flowering plant of easy culture. 
 
 These plants are of easiest cultivation. The flowers 
 are more curious than beautiful, and are plentifully pro- 
 duced in pendent bunches. Grow in pots or baskets, 
 
146 ORCHIDS. 
 
 giving abundant waterings during the formation of the 
 bulbs. If grown in pots elevate the plant well above the 
 rim. 
 
 Ada. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 A complimentary name. 
 
 Ada aurantiaca. New Granada . . B. M., 5435. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 113. 
 I. H., 3, 107. 
 
 A beautiful cool Orchid, native of high latitudes in 
 New Granada. Foliage evergreen, broad, drooping. 
 The flower spike terminal about ten inches long, droop- 
 ing; flowers clear orange-yellow, somewhat distantly 
 placed on the spike, never opening fully. It is a free- 
 growing plant, requiring an airy situation and not close 
 heat. With us it has done best when placed near the 
 door of the Orchid house, where the frequent opening 
 made a change of air. Pot in peat and moss, with good 
 drainage, and never allow it to get dry. It is a good 
 plan to have it grow in live sphagnum. 
 
 If well grown it freely produces its beautiful flowers at 
 all seasons, which, from their rich and rare color, are 
 very effective. There is but one species, and the plant 
 is not common. 
 
 Aeranthes. 
 
 A name signifying air plant, formerly given to some 
 species of Angrcscum. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 147 
 
 Aerides. Loureiro. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from a-fip, the air. 
 A. Aerides affine. Sylhet .... Wallich. 
 
 SYN. Epidendrum geniculatum. B. R., 1841. 
 
 B. M., 4049, as A. 
 
 roseum. 
 SertO., 15. 
 War. Orch., 21. 
 
 A free flowering but slow-growing plant. Foliage light 
 green, a foot long flowers white and pink, spotted with 
 purple, blooming on long spikes in June and July, and 
 lasting three or four weeks in perfection. Unfortunately 
 it is destitute of fragrance. 
 
 Aerides affine superbum and ntajus are fine varieties, 
 with larger and richer colored flowers. 
 
 Aerides ampullaceum. SYN. of Saccolabium ampullaceum. 
 Aerides Brocket. SYN. of Aerides crispum. 
 Aerides cormitum. SYN. of Aerides odoratum. 
 
 A. Aerides crispum. Bombay . . Pax. Mag.. 9, 145. 
 SYN. Aerides Brookei. B. R., 1841, 126. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., i, 15. 
 I. H, 123. 
 B. R., 1842, 55. 
 
 The finest species. The stem is purple, foliage dark 
 green, ten inches long. The perianth of the flower is 
 white, delicately tinted with purple toward the middle ; 
 the labellum is striped with pale purple, shading to the 
 
ORCHIDS. 
 
 richest and loveliest hues. Flowers in June and July, and 
 lasts two or three weeks in perfection. 
 
 The length of the flower spikes and size of the flowers 
 distinguishes it from other species. This species should 
 never be allowed to get entirely dry. 
 
 A. Aerides Lindleyamim. Coonoors . Wight, Ic., 1677. 
 A very fine .variety, spike long and branching; sepals 
 and petals white ; lip large, rich rose. 
 
 A. Aerides Warneri. Bombay. 
 
 A variety of more slender habit, with smaller foliage. 
 Flowers white, with rosy spots. 
 
 A. Aerides cylindricum B. M., 4982. 
 
 SYNS. Cymbidium cylindricum. Wight, Ic. 1744. 
 
 Epidendrum subulatum. 
 Aerides vandarum. 
 
 A singular and rare species, with long terete stems 
 resembling Vanda teres. Flowers large, solitary or in 
 pairs, from the axils of the leaves white or blush, the 
 base of central lobe touched with yellow. 
 
 A. Aerides Domini anum. 
 
 A garden hybrid between Aerides affine and FieldingiL 
 Flowers rich rose color. A rare plant. 
 
 Aerides Fieldingii. India Jen. Or., 20. 
 
 One of the finest Orchids in cultivation ; commonly 
 known as the Foxbrush Aerides. The plant grows three 
 or four feet high, and produces, in great profusion, long 
 branching spikes of white rosy-spotted flowers, often 
 clear bright rose. Blooms in May and June. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE L/ST. 149 
 
 Aerides Huttoni. See Aerides Thibautianum. 
 
 B. Aerides japonicum . B. M., 5798. 
 
 A dwarf, stiff-growing species ; leaves about seven 
 inches long and one inch broad ; flower spikes six inches 
 long. Flower greenish white, with dark violet blotch. 
 
 Aerides guttatum. See Saccolabium guttatum. 
 
 A. Aerides Larpenta. East Indies. 
 
 SYN. Aerides fakatum. 
 
 A fine species. Flowers cream color, spotted with 
 light rose, in June. Foliage rich and green. 
 
 A. Aerides Lobbii. Moulmein I. H., 559. 
 
 A free growing and blooming species, of which there 
 are many varieties. Flower spikes long and slender; 
 flowers rosy pink and white.* One of the best of the 
 genus. Blooms in June. 
 
 A. Aerides maculosum. Bombay . Lem. Jard., 54. 
 
 B. R., 1845, 58. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 12, 49. 
 
 A dwarf, slow-growing species. Leaves close and com- 
 pact ; flowers from among the upper leaves in clusters ; 
 lip large ; crimson sepals, and petals pale rose, spotted 
 with purple. A strikingly beautiful plant. 
 
 A. Aerides Schroderi. Bombay . . Card. Mag., 2, 121. 
 
 Pes., 33. 
 
 Apparently a natural hybrid, between Aerides crispum 
 and Aerides maculosum. 
 
 A fine, free growing plant, with dark green foliage. 
 
150 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Flowers delicate white, tinged with lilac and spotted with 
 rose ; lip, rose. 
 
 A. Aerides McMorlandi. 
 
 A rare species, producing long branching spikes of 
 peach and white flowers. 
 
 A. Aerides margaritaceum. East Indies. 
 
 A pretty species with spotted leaves. Flowers pure 
 white. 
 
 A. Aerides Mendeli. East Indies. 
 
 A rare species, with flowers the size and shape of Aer- 
 ides Larpentcz, but pure white, tipped with rose. 
 
 Aerides mitratum. Moulmein B. M., 5728. 
 
 A rare species, allied to Aerides cylindricum. Flowers 
 in short spikes, white, with purple lip. 
 
 A. Aerides nobile. Moulmein. . . War. Orch., i, n. 
 A fine species, probably a variety of Aerides suavissi- 
 mum, blooming from June to September. Spikes two or 
 three feet long, often branched; flowers white, shaded 
 and spotted with rose. 
 
 A. Aerides odoratum. India, China, and 
 
 Cochin China . B. R., 1485. 
 SYNS. Aerides cornutum. B. M., 4139. 
 
 Limodorum latifolium. Maund, Bot., 
 
 Epidendrum Flos-aeris. 4, 180. 
 
 Fl. Cab, 75- 
 Lindley, Rox- 
 burg, 1485. 
 
 Foliage light green, blossoms white, stained and shaded 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. \$\ 
 
 with pink ; very fragrant. Blooms in June and July, the 
 flowers remaining three weeks in perfection. 
 
 Variety majus is a larger growing plant, with longer 
 spikes of bloom. 
 
 Variety purpurascens has flowers of darker pink and 
 broader foliage. 
 
 A. Aerides quinquevulnerum. Philippines. Pax. Mag., 8, 
 
 241. 
 
 Sert. O., 30. 
 Jen. Orch., 30. 
 
 The petals and sepals are white, spotted with purple ; 
 at the end of each a spot of deep violet purple ; the top 
 of the labellum is green, the sides are pink, and the cen- 
 tre is deep crimson ; foliage light green, about one foot 
 long. 
 
 Blooms in July and August, and lasts about two weeks. 
 There are two varieties, one with lighter-colored flowers 
 than the other. 
 
 Aerides Farmeri. 
 
 A rare variety with long spikes of white flowers. 
 
 A. Aerides roseum. India ... I. H., 88. 
 
 Pax. Fl. G., 60. 
 
 B. M., 4049, as qffine. 
 
 Lem. Jard., 200. 
 
 A fine dwarf species ; leaves a foot long, spotted with 
 brown. Flowers rose-colored, with crimson spots, in June 
 and July. This species requires less moisture than the 
 other kinds. 
 
 This species is sometimes confounded with Aerides 
 affine. A ready distinction is found in the jagged ex- 
 
152 ORCHIDS. 
 
 tremities of the leaves of the former, of which there is 
 no sign in Aerides roseum. 
 
 Aerides roseum superbum. 
 
 A fine variety with much larger and more highly col- 
 ored flowers. 
 
 Aerides rubrum. Madras Hills. 
 
 A pretty species with dark green foliage and pink flow- 
 ers on short erect spikes. 
 
 A. Aerides suavissimum. Malacca . . Pax. Fl. G., 66. 
 
 Lem. Jard., 213. 
 
 Foliage ten inches long, light green spotted with small 
 brown spots, sepals and petals white ; the lip has a 
 blotch of yellow in the centre edged with white ; racemes 
 long branched. 
 
 Blooms in July, August, and September, lasting in good 
 condition three weeks. 
 
 Flowers delightfully fragrant. 
 
 Aerides tesselatum. See Vanda Roxburghii. 
 
 B. Aerides testaceum. Ceylon . . Fl. des Ser., 1452. 
 
 SYN. Aerides WightiL B. M., 5138. 
 
 Flowers orange-yellow ; lip beautifully particolored. 
 There are, however, many varieties, varying from sulphur 
 to white. In some the flower is pearly white with pink 
 centre, as in a plant which has flowered beautifully with 
 us for the last two years. 
 
 The habit of the plant is dwarf. It grows freely on a 
 block of cork without moss. 
 
 A. Aerides Thibautianum. Java. 
 
 A handsome species with long spikes of rosy flowers 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 153 
 
 with bright amethyst lip. Also known as Saccolabium 
 Huttoni. 
 
 B. Aerides Veitchianum. India. 
 
 A pretty little species with dark green leaves covered 
 with small spots ; flowers white and pink. 
 
 A. Aerides mrens. Java . . . B. R., 1844, 4 1 - 
 
 Maund, Bot., 14, 187. 
 
 A beautiful species, desirable for its light green foliage ; 
 the flowers are peach color or creamy white spotted with 
 purple, very fragrant. 
 
 Blooms in May and June, lasting a long time in per- 
 fection. 
 
 Aerides mrens Dayanum. East Indies. 
 
 A very fine variety, white and pink flowers on a long 
 spike. 
 
 The varieties purpurascens, grandiflorum, and super- 
 bum, from Java, are all desirable. 
 
 This species is the earliest to bloom ; the flowers are 
 deliciously fragrant and very freely produced. 
 
 Aerides Wightianum. See Aerides testaceum. 
 
 Aerides Williamsii. India .... War. Orch., i, 21.' 
 
 A rare species, with close, long, dark green foliage; 
 
 flowers in immense long drooping spikes, pink and white. 
 
 These plants are all peculiarly beautiful, uniting rich 
 evergreen foliage, graceful habit, and elegant flowers of 
 exquisite fragrance. The stem of the plant is straight or 
 slightly bent, with leaves attached on opposite sides ; the 
 plants have large fleshy roots shooting horizontally from 
 the lower part of the stem. The racemes of flowers are 
 
154 ORCHIDS. 
 
 one to three feet in length, often branched. They are of 
 easy growth. 
 
 They should have a good supply of heat and moisture 
 in the growing season, which is from March to the latter 
 part of October. At this season the day temperature 
 should range from 70 to 80 ; the night temperature in 
 March and April, 65 to 70, and afterward 70 to 75. 
 
 The plants may be grown in baskets, in pots, or on 
 blocks. Sphagnum moss and broken potsherds are the 
 best of potting materials. They should never- be allowed 
 to become wholly dry, as the roots are liable to shrivel 
 and the bottom leaves to fall off. They require but a 
 short season of rest, and the moss should always be kept 
 damp, but during the resting season no water should be 
 allowed to rest at the base of the leaves. 
 
 They are propagated by cutting them in pieces, having 
 a root attached to each piece ; some are, however, easier 
 to increase than others. No collection of Orchids can be 
 complete without some of these charming plants. 
 
 Aerobion. 
 
 An old name of Angrcecum. 
 
 Aganisia. Lindley. Demarara. B. R., 26, 32. 
 
 Name from ayavts, lovely. 
 
 A. Aganisia pulchella is a very pretty and rare Orchid. 
 The root stock is creeping, producing at intervals of 
 about two inches small pseudo-bulbs, each supporting a 
 single dark green leaf. The flowers are borne on a short 
 erect scape from the base of the bulb ; they are white 
 with yellow blotch, with red eye in centre of the lip. It 
 may be grown either in a pot with moss and peat, or on 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 155 
 
 a block, but requires at all seasons plenty of heat and 
 water. Syringe the roots freely in the growing season. 
 
 Ansectochilus. Blume. Terrestrial. 
 
 Name from avoiKTJs, open, and x e ^ os > lip- 
 
 These beautiful foliaged plants are not of easy growth, 
 and are far oftener lost than preserved in good condition. 
 
 They require a short season of rest, during which water 
 must be less freely given, and want of attention in this 
 respect results in the loss of the plants. The stem and 
 leaves should have plenty of light (not sun), and air, yet 
 the plants must be grown under bell glasses, but these 
 should be tilted so as to admit air and the condensed 
 moisture be wiped off several times a day. 
 
 They are somewhat subject to the attacks of green fly, 
 red spider, and thrips, for which slight fumigation must 
 be given. 
 
 In Chapter X. we have given lists of the best species, 
 with notes of our own experience in their culture. 
 
 Some of the species are figured as follows : 
 
 A. Dawsonianus Fl. des Sen, 1800. 
 
 Jen. Orch., 43. 
 
 A. Lobbii Fl. des Ser., 519. 
 
 A. Lowii Fl. des Ser., 370, 
 
 as Cheirostylis. 
 
 A. Reinwardtii Blume, Orch., 10. 
 
 Bel. Hort., 1861, 18. 
 
 A. Roxburghii ...... Blume, Orch., 12. 
 
 Bel. Hort, 1861, 18. 
 
ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. setaceus B. M., 1208, 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 2, 15. var. 4123. 
 
 B. R., 2010. 
 
 A. Ordiana Jen. Orch., 43. 
 
 Angrsecum. Du Petit Tkouars. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from the Indian name Angrec. 
 
 A. Angrczcum bilobum. Cape Coast Castle. B. M., 4159. 
 
 SYN. Angracum apiculatum. B. R., 27, 35. 
 
 A lovely small-growing Orchid with long drooping ra- 
 cemes of snow-white flowers, tipped with pink, and 
 slightly fragrant. 
 
 The leaves are cloven at the point, whence the name. 
 This species should have plenty of moisture at the roots ; 
 grow on a block or in a basket. Blooms in autumn. 
 
 B. Angr&eum caudatum. Sierra Leone . . B. M., 4370. 
 
 B. R., 1844. 
 
 A desirable species with greenish-yellow, long tailed 
 flowers ; lip pure white. It is rather curious than beauti- 
 ful, but remains long in bloom, and is always a conspicu- 
 ous plant. Blooms all summer. 
 
 B. Angrcecum Chailluanum. Sierra Leone. B. M., 5589. 
 A rare species, allied to and somewhat resembling that 
 last described. Flowers white, .with long, greenish tail, 
 in pendulous spikes. 
 
 B. Angrmum titratum. Madagascar . . B. M., 5624. 
 A pretty species with pale yellow flowers, of dwarf 
 growth. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 
 
 157 
 
 C. Angrczcum distichum. Sierra Leone . B. M., 4145. 
 
 B. R., 1781. 
 
 Flowers snowy white with yellow lip. A charming lit- 
 tle plant with compact foliage, unlike any other Orchid. 
 It is not showy, but very curious. Should be grown on a 
 block with moss. 
 
 A. Angrizcum eburneum. Madagascar. B. R., 1522. 
 SYNS. Limodorum eburneum. B. M., 4761. 
 
 Acrobion eburneum. Bat. 2d Cen., in. 
 
 B. M., 5170, var. 
 
 This is a fine Orchid with light green leaves eighteen 
 inches long ; the flowers greenish white ; lip of ivory 
 whiteness. The flowers are produced in upright spikes, 
 and when the plant is strong very abundantly. They 
 have, at night, the fragrance of Narcissus poeticus. The 
 plant is of stately growth, and ornamental when not in 
 bloom. Lasts three months in full beauty. 
 
 A. Angrcecum eburneum virens. 
 
 A very pretty variety with greenish-white flowers, on 
 more slender spikes. A very free bloomer in mid-winter. 
 
 A. Angr&cum Ellisii. Madagascar . Fl. Mag., 2, 191. 
 
 A rare Orchid ; leaves ten inches long by two inches 
 broad ; dark green on the upper side, paler below. 
 
 Flower-spikes two feet long, arching, bearing from 
 eighteen to twenty-four flowers ; pure white and very fra- 
 grant; tail six inches long, light cinnamon color. The 
 profile of the flower is an exact resemblance of a cocka- 
 too. 
 
158 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Angr&cum falcatum. China and Japan. B. R., 283. 
 
 SYN. Limodorum falcatum. Sert. Bot., vol. 7, 
 
 as Limodorum. 
 B. M., 2097. 
 
 A pretty little plant with narrow, dark green foliage. 
 Flowers pure white, fragrant, with long tail and large for 
 the size of the plant. With us this species grows freely 
 in a block in the cool house. 
 
 B. Angrcecum pelluddum. Sierra Leone . B. R., 30, 2. 
 
 A very pretty plant resembling a Phalcenopsis in growth, 
 with drooping racemes of delicate, crystalline, snow-white 
 flowers. 
 
 May be grown in a basket. 
 
 B. Angrcecum pertusum. Sierra Leone . B. M., 4782. 
 This species is in growth very much like an Aerides. 
 The pure white flowers are produced in March, in close, 
 drooping spikes, and are very graceful and elegant. 
 
 A. Angrcecum sesquipedak. Madagascar. War. Orch., 31. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 151. I. H., 475. 
 
 Jen. Orch., 3. B. M., 5113. 
 
 This magnificent plant was brought by Rev. Wm. Ellis 
 from Madagascar, where it grows in great profusion, cov- 
 ing trees from top to bottom. The stems are three or 
 four feet high, the foliage a foot long, dark glaucous 
 green ; flowers six inches in diameter, ivory white, with 
 tail from ten to eighteen inches long. It is a very free- 
 growing and flowering plant, blooming when very small. 
 We have now (January, 1876) a plant only a foot high, 
 with two breaks, producing seven spikes of bloom. The 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 159 
 
 flowers are powerfully fragrant, almost unpleasantly so, 
 at night. 
 
 A. Angracum superbum. Madagascar. Thouars, Or. Afri. 
 SYNS. Angrtzcum virescens (Lind). tab. 62, 63, 64. 
 
 Acrobion superbum (Sprengel). 
 
 This species differs from eburneum in being of stronger 
 growth, the lip of the flower is more square, and the 
 flowers are larger. 
 
 These plants require the same general treatment as 
 Aerides. They must all, except A.falcatum, be grown in 
 the hottest house, with plenty of moisture. If well 
 treated, they never fail to flower freely, and are especially 
 desirable as they mostly bloom in mid-winter. The 
 flowers of all last long in perfection. 
 
 There are many other species, all natives of Africa, 
 but a large portion have insignificant flowers. 
 
 Anguloa. Ruiz and Pavon. Epiphyte. 
 
 Dedicated to Francesco de Angulo. 
 
 A. Anguloa Clowesii. Colombia . . War. Orch., 33. 
 
 B. R., 1844, 63. Pes., 17. 
 
 B. M., 4313. M. O. P., 2. 
 
 A beautiful species, with bright yellow sepals and 
 petals, and pure white lip. 
 
 Blooms in June and July, the flower lasting long in 
 perfection, if kept in a cool house. 
 
 Anguloa macrantha. 
 
 A rare variety, with bright yellow flowers, spotted with 
 red, 
 
l6o ORCHIDS. 
 
 Anguloa eburnea. New Granada. . Bat. 2d Cen., 159. 
 Pseudo-bulbs dark colored, leaves bright green. 
 Flowers large, pure white, lip spotted with pink. By 
 some considered the same as A. uniflora. 
 
 A. Anguloa Ruckerii. Mexico . . M. O. P., 3. 
 
 B. M., 5384. War. Orch., 2, 10. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 144. B. R., 1846, 41. 
 
 A fine species, flowering at the same time as the pre- 
 ceding. Perianth yellowish-green, thickly covered with 
 small spots of deep crimson. The fragrance of the 
 flower resembles Lycaste aromatica. 
 
 Anguloa sanguinea has flowers of rich blood color. 
 
 B. Anguloa uniflora. Colombia . M. O. P., i. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 159. 
 B. R., 1844, 60. 
 B. M., 4807. 
 
 This species produces in June and July a single large 
 white flower, faintly marked with yellow, of an agreeable 
 perfume, lasting two or three weeks in perfection. 
 
 A variety has white flowers, spotted all over with dark 
 brown, and is sometimes called Anguloa virginalis. It is 
 a handsome and rare plant. 
 
 The bulbs of these plants are about three inches high, 
 with flag-shaped leaves a foot or more long ; the flowers 
 are produced from the base of the bulbs. They should 
 be grown in pots, in fibrous peat, with good drainage. 
 Place them during the growing season in the East Indian 
 house, with moderate heat and moisture ; afterwards re- 
 move to a cooler house. They should have a long rest, 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. l6j 
 
 during which they should be kept rather dry until growth 
 begins. They are propagated by dividing the bulbs just 
 before they begin to grow. 
 
 They require large pots and moderate heat, excess 
 soon killing them. 
 
 In England they have been grown to great perfection 
 under the shade of vines in a grapery, single plants hav- 
 ing produced sixty flowers. They are very showy plants, 
 but wholly wanting in delicacy and grace. 
 
 Ansellia. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 A. Ansellia africana. Sierra Leone. Pax. Mag., 13, 241. 
 
 B. R., 1846, 30. 
 B. M., 4965. 
 
 A fine plant, growing three feet high. The flowers 
 proceed from the top of the bulb, with sixty or seventy 
 flowers on a spike. 
 
 The plant blooms in January, and keeps in perfection 
 for months ; it is one of the finest plants for winter 
 blooming. 
 
 It requires the heat of the East Indian house, and may 
 be grown on wood, but is far better grown in a large 
 pot in rough peat with good drainage ; the roots should 
 be well watered two or three times a week, but the young 
 shoots should not be wet. Propagated by dividing the 
 bulbs after they have finished their growth. The color 
 of the flowers is pale yellow, with deep purple spots. A. 
 africana gigantea is a fine variety. 
 
 Ansellia lutea. Natal. 
 
 A variety with light yellow flowers, of more delicate 
 habit, sometimes called A. natalensis. 
 
1 62 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Aporum. Blume. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from air6pv, a running shoot, referring to the growth of the 
 plant. 
 
 The following are the species, which possess little to 
 recommend them : 
 
 Aporum anceps. Manilla B. R., 1259. 
 
 SYN. Dendrobium anceps. B. M., 3608. 
 
 Lodd. Cab., 1895. 
 
 Aporum indivisum. Java. A. lobatum. Java. 
 A. incrassatum. Java. A. Serra. Singapore. 
 
 A. leonis. Lind. A. sinuatum. Lind. 
 
 Arachnis. Blume. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from Arachne, who was turned into a spider. 
 
 B. Arachnis moschifera. 
 
 Is a rare and peculiar plant, resembling in growth 
 a Renanthera. The flowers are large, creamy white or 
 lemon, and resemble a spider; they have a delicate 
 musky odor, and continue long in perfection. The old 
 spike continues to produce flowers from the point for 
 a long time. Native of Java. 
 
 This plant should be potted in peat and sphagnum, with 
 good drainage, but is best grown in a basket, and also 
 does well on a block. 
 
 Arpophyllum. La Llave. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from aptrfj, a scimeter, and $v\Xov, a leaf. 
 B. Arpophyllum cardinale. Guatemala. . . Pes., 45. 
 
 SYN. Ccslia squarrosa. 
 
 A very pretty species, with spikes of rosy flowers, with 
 deep red lip. Flowers in summer. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 163 
 
 B. Arpophyllum giganteum. Mexico and 
 
 Guatemala. War. Orch., 39. 
 
 Flowers in compact spikes, from the top of the bulbs ; 
 dark purple and rose, resembling little shells. The 
 foliage is drooping, dark evergreen. 
 
 We have found this plant difficult to bloom. It is a 
 free grower ; its blooming season is spring. 
 
 C. Arpophyllum spicatum. Mexico . . . B. M., 6022. 
 Flowers dark red on an upright spike in winter. 
 
 Arpophyllum squarrosum = Arpophyllum cardinale. 
 
 These plants are all of easy culture in the Mexican 
 house. They should be grown in pots, in peaty loam, 
 and require frequent watering. 
 
 All are graceful in growth, and the pretty flowers last 
 long in perfection. Propagated easily by division. They 
 need generous culture, as the bulbs do not flower unless 
 large. 
 
 Arundina. Blume. Terrestrial. 
 
 Name from arundo, a reed. 
 
 C. Arundina bambusifolia. Nepaul ; Chittagong. 
 SYNS. Cymbidium bambusifolia. 
 
 Bktia graminifolia. 
 Flowers delicate rose with rich crimson purple lip. 
 
 C. Arundina densa. Singapore . . B. R., 1842, 38. 
 
 Perianth rose with brown lip striped with yellow, of an 
 agreeable perfume. 
 
 This species should always have a moist atmosphere. 
 
164 ORCHIDS. 
 
 These plants should be grown in pots, in the East 
 Indian house, with plenty of heat and moisture. 
 
 Aspasia. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 From ao-Trafouat, to cling to. 
 
 C. Aspasia epidendroides. Colombia . . Fl. Cab., 8. 
 SYN. Aspasia fragrans. B. M., 3962. 
 
 The sepals are yellow and brown, the petals light pur- 
 ple blending in the green of the outside, the lip white 
 with purple in the centre. 
 
 This species needs little heat, and should have plenty 
 of air. 
 
 B. Aspasia lunata. Rio Janeiro. Lindley. B. R., 1844, 49. 
 
 SYN. Aspasia odorata. Reich. Xen., 34. 
 
 Perianth greenish yellow with dots of vivid yellow barred 
 with dark brown, lip white with a crescent violet spot in 
 the middle. 
 
 Aspasia lunata superba is a fine variety. 
 
 C. Aspasia variegata. Panama . . . . B. R., 1907. 
 
 B. M., 3679. 
 
 Flowers greenish, variegated with dark brown : lip 
 white tinted with rose with a deep purple spot. Very 
 fragrant in the morning. 
 
 The plants should be grown in baskets or on wood 
 with plenty of moss. They also succeed in well drained 
 pots, are all of easy culture, and bloom freely. 
 
 Auliza. 
 Auliza ciliare is Epidendrum dliare. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 1 6$ 
 
 B. 
 
 Barkeria. Knowles and Wescott. Epiphyte. 
 
 Dedicated to George Barker. 
 A. Barkeria elegans. Mexico . . . Pes., 10. 
 
 B. M., 4784. 
 I. H, 23. 
 Fl. Cab., 49. 
 Fl. des Ser., 959. 
 
 Perianth delicate lilac rose ; lip horn-shaped, white 
 ground with purple spots, violet at the base, marked with 
 golden yellow. 
 
 A rare plant, of difficult culture. 
 
 A. Barkeria Lindleyana. Costa Rica. Bat, 28. 
 
 B. R., 1842, 5. 
 Pax. Mag., 13, 193. 
 B. M., 6098, as Ep- 
 
 idendrum. 
 Jen. Orch., 14. 
 
 Flowers rich purple with a blotch of white in the centre 
 of the lip. Blooms in September and October, lasting a 
 long time in good condition. 
 
 A. Barkeria melanocaulon. Costa Rica. 
 
 Flowers lilac pink, with a spot of green in the centre -, 
 blooms from June to September, continuing long in per- 
 fection. 
 
 A. Barkeria Skinnerii. Guatemala . Pax. Mag., 15, i. 
 
 SYNS. Epidendrum Skinneri. B. M., 4094. 3951. 
 
 Epidendrum clavatum. B. R., 1870, 1881. 
 
1 66 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Flowers deep rose, produced from November to Feb- 
 ruary, on a spike one and a half feet long. 
 
 This plant is usually known as a Barkeria, but is clearly 
 an Epidendrum, since " the column is wingless and adnate 
 to the labellum." 
 
 A. Barkeria Skinnerii superba. Venezuela. 
 
 Fl. Mag., 185. 
 
 War. Orch., 38. 
 
 A very fine variety, stronger in growth, with a longer 
 spike, sometimes branched, and more brilliant flowers. 
 
 A. Barkeria spectabilis. Guatemala. Bat, 33. 
 
 B. M., 4094. 
 Pax. Mag., 10, 169. 
 Fl. des Ser., 124. 
 
 Flowers brilliant rosy lilac dotted with deep crimson, 
 lip white at base. Blooms in June and July, lasting three 
 or four weeks in perfection. 
 
 There is a wonderful variety in imported plants of this 
 species, scarce two being exactly alike, and all beautiful. 
 
 These plants lose their leaves during the resting sea- 
 son. The flowers appear from the top of the slender 
 bulbs, on many flowered peduncles. They are best grown 
 on flat blocks without any moss, the fleshy roots clinging 
 to the block ; keep in the Mexican house, and give plenty 
 of air during the growing season, and water once or twice 
 a day ; during the resting season give water only once or 
 twice a week. Grow them near the glass in plenty of 
 light and air, but little sun. All are very free bloomers. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. \6f 
 
 Batemania. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Dedicated to James Bateman. 
 
 C. Batemania Beaumontii. Para. 
 
 A dwarf-growing plant, with light green foliage, flowers 
 large, light green marked with brown. Known also as 
 Gakottia, which see. 
 
 A. Batemania Burtii. Costa Rica . B. M., 6003. 
 
 Fl. Mag., 2, 101. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 35. 
 
 A very showy and rare plant, closely allied to Bate- 
 mania meleagris. It is a magnificent Orchid, both in lux- 
 uriance of foliage and beauty of flower. Sepals and 
 petals reddish brown with yellow spots and bases; lip 
 white and brownish purple, with curious ciliated appen- 
 dage. Flowers three inches in diameter on single stems. 
 
 C. Batemania Colleyi. Demerara . . . B. M., 3818. 
 
 B. R., 1714. 
 
 Flowers purple inside, dashed with green on the out- 
 side j the lip is white marked with purple and red. 
 
 B. Batemania grandiflora. New Granada. 
 
 B. M., 5567. 
 
 Bat 2d Cen., 172. 
 
 A very pretty species. The flower-spike comes up with 
 the young growth, bearing several green and brown flow- 
 ers, with a white lip with orange base. 
 
 A. Batemania meleagris. Brazil . . Reich. Xen., i, 66. 
 
 Maund, Bot, 3, 146. 
 B. R., 1839, J 4- 
 
1 68 ORCHIDS. 
 
 A very showy species, with large yellow and brown 
 flowers in summer. Lip white rayed with reddish purple. 
 Generally known as Huntleya meleagris. 
 
 There are about half a dozen species of this genus, all 
 with radical light green leaves and showy flowers. They 
 should be grown in pots in sphagnum, with good drainage 
 and plenty of water in the growing season. 
 
 The intermediate house is the best place for them. As 
 they have no pseudo-bulbs, they must not become dry, 
 but care must be taken not to overwater when they are at 
 rest. 
 
 Bifrenaria. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 From bis, double, and frenum, a bridle. 
 
 C. Bifrenaria atropurpurea. Rio Janeiro. 
 
 SYN. Maxillaria atropurpurea. B. C., 1877. 
 
 Lodd. Cab., 1877. 
 Flowers dark purple, of a pleasant fragrance. 
 
 C. Bifrenaria aurantiaca. Demerara . . B. M., 3597. 
 
 B. R,, 1875. 
 Flowers yellowish-orange, marked with brown. 
 
 C. Bifrenaria aureo fulva. Brazil . . . B. M., 3629. 
 SYN. Maxillaria stenopetala and aureo B. R., 1875. 
 fulva. Fl. Cab., 83. 
 
 Flowers large, orange, with bronze lustre. 
 
 A. Bifrenaria Hadwenii. Rio Janeiro. Fl. des Ser., 731. 
 
 B. M., 4629. 
 Lem. Jard., 232. 
 Perianth green, marked with deep brown ; the lip white, 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 169 
 
 beautifully lighted with deepest rose. Known, also, and 
 correctly, as Scuticaria. 
 
 Bifrenaria Harrisonics. See Maxillaria Harrisonia. 
 
 C. Bifrenaria inodora. Brazil . . . Reich. Xen., 94. 
 Flowers large green, with bright violet lip. 
 
 R. Bifrenaria racemosa. Brazil . . Lodd. Cab., 1318. 
 SYN. Maxillaria racemosa. B. R., 1566. 
 
 B. M., 2789. 
 Flowers small, yellowish-green, crimson lip. 
 
 R. Bifrenaria vitellina. Brazil . . . B. R., 1839, 12. 
 
 SYN. Maxillaria vitellina. 
 
 Small, deep yellow flowers ; the lip has a brown spot in 
 the centre. 
 
 These plants are grown in pots like Maxillaria, to 
 which family they are closely allied, and to which they 
 were formerly given. 
 
 Some of the species, however, do well on blocks or in 
 baskets. They require moderate heat and watering, and 
 not full sun-light. 
 
 Bletia. Ruiz and Pavon. Terrestrial. 
 
 Dedicated to Louis Blet. 
 
 C. Bletia acutipetala. Carolina .... B. M., 3217. 
 Flowers pale rose ; lip purplish rose, yellowish at the 
 base. Sometimes considered the same as Bletia verc- 
 cunda. 
 
1^0 ORCHIDS. 
 
 B. Bletia campanulata. Mexico ; Peru. 
 
 Flowers deep purple, white centre. Blooms at different 
 seasons, lasting a long time in perfection. 
 
 C. Bletia coccinea. Mexico. 
 Flowers deep red. 
 
 C. Bletia florida. Trinidad B. R., 1401. 
 
 SYNS. Cymbidium floridum. 
 Gyas florida. 
 
 Bletia pallida. Lodd. Cab., 629. 
 Flowers pale flesh color ; lip white, striped with yellow. 
 
 R. Bletia gracilis. Mexico .... Lodd. Cab., 1977. 
 
 B. R., 1681. 
 
 The perianth is yellowish brown ; the lip flesh-color 
 veined with crimson on the upper part ; the other parts 
 of the flower green. 
 
 R. Bletia Guincensis. Sierra Leone. 
 Flowers small purple. 
 
 R. Bletia Havanensis. 
 Flowers apricot color. 
 
 B. Bletia hyacinthina. China ... Lodd. Cab., 1968. 
 SYNS. Limodorum striatum. B. M., 1492. 
 
 Epidendrum striatum. Sert. Bot., 7. 
 
 Cymbidium striatum. 
 Cymbidium hyacinthinum. 
 Gyas humilis. 
 
 The flowers are beautiful rose purple, shading to lilac ; 
 the lip pale red, marked with deep crimson. 
 
 This species should be grown in the greenhouse. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. \J\ 
 
 Bletia hyadnthina albo striata. Japan. 
 
 This variety is like the species, except that all the 
 nerves are white, which makes a pretty variegation. 
 
 B. Bletia Parkinsonii. Mexico . . . . B. M., 3736. 
 Flowers small, rosy ; lip marked with red and yellow. 
 
 C. Bletia patula. St. Domingo .... B. M., 3518. 
 Flowers dark purple, with white lip. Blooms in March 
 
 and April. 
 
 C. Bletia Shepherdii. Jamaica . . B. M., 3319. * 
 
 Pax. Mag., 2, 146- 
 
 Flowers purple, with yellow marking down the centre. 
 Blooms in winter, on a long spike, which keeps in perfec- 
 tion three or four weeks. 
 
 B. Bletia Sherrattiana. New Granada . B. M., 5646. 
 A very pretty species, with large rose-colored flowers. 
 
 Bletia TankervillicK. See Phajus grandifolins. 
 
 C. Bletia verectmda. West Indies . . B. M., 930. 
 
 SYNS. Limodorum altum. B. M., 116. 
 
 Limodorum verecundum. Pax. Mag., 146- 
 
 Limodorum tuberosum. 
 Limodorum trifidum. 
 Limodorum purpureum. 
 Cymbidium verecundum. 
 Cymbidium altum. 
 Gyas verecunda. 
 
 Sepals rose, petals purple, lip purple with yellow rays 
 and stripes. 
 
 Bletia Woodfordii. See Phajus maculatus. B. M., 2719. 
 
ORCHIDS. 
 
 These plants are easily grown if kept from frost. The 
 foliage, which is long and narrow, proceeding from round 
 flat bulbs, is deciduous. They should be grown in loam 
 and leaf-mould, with good drainage. They need plenty 
 of water when growing, and not much heat, and during 
 the resting season very little moisture. Give a long rest. 
 
 In potting, it is best to plant several tubers in a pot, as 
 thus they make more show when in bloom. 
 
 Bolbophyllum. Du Petit Thotiars. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from /3oA;8os, a bulb, and <j>v\\ov, a leaf. 
 
 C. Bolbophyllum barbigerum. Sierra Leone. B. M., 5288. 
 
 A dwarf species, with greenish brown flowers, the lip 
 
 covered with dark hair, so loosely attached at base as to 
 
 move by the slightest breath ; remains long in perfection. 
 
 B. Bolbophyllum Henshallii. Java . Card. Mag., 269. 
 Flowers large, solitary, deep yellow, marked with purple 
 and spotted. Bloom in summer, lasting long in beauty. 
 Known also as Bolbophyllum Lobbii and Sarcopodium 
 Lobbii. 
 
 B. Bolbophyllum maculatum. East Indies. 
 
 A pretty species, of easy culture, with spotted flowers. 
 
 Bolbophyllum reticulatum. Borneo. . Bat. 2d Cen., 190. 
 
 B. M., 5605. 
 
 Flowers in pairs, white, with purple stripes ; lip spotted 
 with purple. A pretty plant, and the best of the genus. 
 
 C. Bolbophyllum saltatorium. Africa . . B. R., 1970. 
 Flowers greenish brown, produced at different seasons. 
 
 Bolbophyllum Siamense. Siam. 
 
 Flowers pale yellow, striped with purple. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 1.73 
 
 These plants are small, and usually more curious than 
 beautiful. They are grown on small blocks with a little 
 moss, or in pots, in the warmest parts of the house j 
 they need much heat and moisture. The following are 
 species : 
 
 Bolbophyllum apiferum, bicolor, bracteolatum, calamaria 
 (B. M., 4088), Careyamim (B. M., 4166), cupreum, cocrin- 
 eum (B. R., 1964), cylindricum, Dayanum (B. M., 6119), 
 flavidum^ leopardinum, lemniscatum (B. M., 5961), re- 
 curvum, setigerum^ sordidum. 
 
 Bollea. Reichenbach. Epiphyte. 
 
 This new genus contains only two species, Bollea Pa- 
 tint (Fl. Mag., 2, 147) and Bollea Lalindei. Both are na- 
 tives of New Granada, and are showy plants, with radi- 
 cal foliage, from the base of which the flowers proceed, 
 drooping, on single stalks. 
 
 They are pink, with deeper shading, and bright yellow 
 lip, somewhat resembling a Huntleya in shape. 
 
 They require to be grown in the intermediate house, in 
 pots, somewhat elevated above the rim, that the flowers 
 may show to advantage, in moss ; never to dry up, but 
 not to be over-watered. 
 
 Bollea violacea. See Huntleya violacea. 
 
 Brasavola. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Indicated to Antonio M. Brasavolas. 
 B. Brasavola acaulis. Central America. 
 
 A species with rush-like foliage, and large creamy 
 white flowers in autumn ; a compact growing and desira- 
 ble plant. 
 
ORCHIDS. 
 
 C. Brasavola cucullata. West Indies . R. Brown. 
 
 SYN. Epidendrum cucullatum. B. M., 15, 543. 
 
 Cymbidium cucullatum (Schwartz). 
 Flowers ochre-yellow, with white lip, very fragrant. 
 
 A. Brasavola Digbyana. Honduras . B. M., 4474. 
 
 B. R., 1846, 53. 
 Fl. des Ser., 237. 
 
 A species much resembling a Cattleya in habit. 
 Flowers white, six to seven inches across ; lip white, 
 streaked with purple, and beautifully fringed ; solitary ; 
 produced from top of bulb during the winter ; exhaling a 
 delicious perfume. 
 
 Brasavola Gibbsiana. 
 
 A rare plant, described by Williams. Spikes three- 
 flowered ; leaves broad and thick ; flowers large, white, 
 spotted with chocolate. 
 
 B. Brasavola glauca. Mexico . . . B. M., 4033. 
 
 B. R., 1840, 44. 
 Bat, 1 6. 
 
 Flowers pale green, with large white lip, with pink 
 mark on upper part ; very fragrant. Care should be 
 taken not to water the flower-stalk before the appearance 
 of the bud, as it is easily injured. 
 Blooms in February and March. 
 
 Brasavola lineata. Guatemala . . . . * B. M., 4734. 
 A plant with long pendulous terete foliage; flowers 
 large ; sepals and petals creamy white ; lip pure white \ 
 fragrant at night. Grow on a block with moss. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 
 
 175 
 
 C. Brasavola nodosa. Jamaica . . . . B. M., 3229. 
 SYNS. Epidendrum nodosum (Lin.). B. R., 1465. 
 Cymbidium nodosum (Schwartz). 
 
 Flowers large ; petals and sepals yellowish white ; lip 
 snow white very fragrant. 
 
 A very common species, often sent from Jamaica. 
 When the plant is large it is very showy. 
 
 C. Brasavola venosa. Honduras . . B. M., 4021. 
 
 B. R., 1840, 39. 
 Flower greenish ; lip white ; very fragrant. 
 
 The following varieties, though less showy than those 
 enumerated, produce pretty, fragrant flowers : 
 Brasavola angustata. 
 B. cordata. B. R., 1914; B. M., 3782. 
 B. cuspidata. B. M., 3722. 
 B. elegans. B. M., 3098. 
 B.fragrans. I. H., 180. 
 B. Martiana. B. R., 25, 5. 
 B. Perrinii. B. R., 1564. ; B. M., 5761. 
 B. subulifolia. 
 B. tuberculata. B. M., 2878. 
 
 These plants may be grown in baskets, but do best on 
 blocks, with a little moss. 
 
 They should be grown in the warmest house, and are 
 very ornamental when the plants are strong enough to 
 produce plenty of flowers. 
 
ORCHIDS. 
 
 Brassia. Brown. Epiphyte. 
 
 Named for Brass, a botanist. 
 
 C. Brassia brachiata. Guatemala . . B. R., 1847, 29. 
 SYNS. Brassia Wrayce . . . . M. O. P., 2. 
 
 Onddium Wraycz .... Pes., 31. 
 The sepals and petals are very long and narrow, green- 
 ish yellow, with brown spots ; the lip is large, yellow^ 
 marked with green. Flowers from May to August. 
 
 C. Brassia caudata. West Indies . . B. R., 832. 
 SYNS. Epidendrum caudatum (Linn.). B. M., 3451. 
 Malaxis caudata (Willd). Sert. Bot., 7. 
 
 Hook. Ex., 179. 
 
 Flowers green, petals longer than the sepals, often 
 reaching five or six inches; lip yellow, spotted with 
 brown. 
 
 Brassia Gireondiana. Costa Rica . Reich. Xen., i, 32. 
 A pretty species, producing spikes of large bright yel- 
 low flowers, spotted with red. 
 
 C. Brassia Lanceana. Demerara . B. M., 3577, 3794. 
 
 B. R., 1754. 
 
 Flowers greenish yellow, marked with brown ; very 
 fragrant ; grow in the warmest house. 
 
 B. Brassia Lawrentiana. Jamaica . B. M., 5748. 
 
 M. O. P., i. 
 
 B. R., 1841, 18. 
 
 A fine fragrant Orchid, blooming from June to August. 
 Flower yellow and green, spotted with brown ; the lip 
 yellow, shading to white at the base. There are many 
 varieties of this handsome species. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 177 
 
 C. Brassia macro stachia. Jamaica . . . Sert. O., 6. 
 Flowers clear yellow, delicately marked with brown; 
 lip chocolate. 
 
 C. Brassia maculata. Jamaica . . . Pax. Mag., 6, 5. 
 
 B. M., 1691. 
 
 Perianth greenish yellow, marked with reddish brown ; 
 lip white, marked with purple. Flowers in May and 
 June. 
 
 C. Brassia odorata. Guiana. 
 
 Flowers green, delicately marked with brown ; lip white, 
 dotted with green ; very fragrant. 
 
 B. Brassia verrucosa. Mexico Bat., 22. 
 
 Upper part of flowers pale green ; lip white, marked 
 with green warts. 
 
 Blooms in May and June. 
 
 A variety, major, has larger and lighter-colored flowers. 
 
 Brassia Wrayce. See Brassia brachiata . B. M., 4003. 
 
 The following are species : 
 
 Brassia angusta. B. Henchmani. 
 
 B. bidens. B. Hendersoni. 
 
 B. cochleata B.peruviana. 
 
 B. guttata. 
 
 These plants should be. grown in pots or baskets ; in 
 the latter the long flower-stalks show to greatest advan- 
 tage. 
 
 Soil, rough fibrous peat, with good drainage ; may be 
 grown in the stove or the cooler house. In the growing 
 
 12 
 
1 78 ORCHIDS. 
 
 season water freely, but at other times only give enough 
 moisture to keep the bulbs from shriveling. 
 
 Propagated by dividing the plants when they begin to 
 grow. 
 
 Bromheadia. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 In honor of Sir Edward F. Bromhead. 
 
 C. Bromheadia palustris. Sumatra . . B. R., 30, 18. 
 
 B. M., 4001. 
 
 Flowers dull white; lip pale yellow and 'violet, purple 
 tipped. 
 
 Grow in pots, in moss ; East Indian house. 
 
 Broughtonia. Broivn. Epiphyte. 
 
 In honor of the botanist Broughton. 
 
 Broughtonia liladna of Gard. Mag., 201, and Lem. Jard., 
 is Laliopsis domingensis. 
 
 A. Broughtonia sanguinea. Jamaica . Lodd. Cab., 793. 
 SYNS. Satyricum parasiticum B. M., 3076. 
 (Brown). B. M., 3536. 
 
 Broughtonia focdnea. 
 Dendrobium sanguineum (Schwartz). 
 Epidendrum sanguineum (Schwartz). 
 
 Flowers crimson. The flowers are produced from the 
 top of the bulb, during the summer, and last long in per- 
 fection. Propagated by division. 
 
 These plants should be grown on blocks with a little 
 moss, and plenty of light and sun. It is a lovely plant, 
 which is too little grown. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 179 
 
 Burlingtonia. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Dedicated to the Countess of Burlington. 
 Burlingtonia Batemanii. Brazil. 
 
 A handsome species, with drooping spikes of flowers 
 which are white with a beautiful mauve lip. 
 
 Burlingtonia Candida. Demerara . . . B. R., 1927-29. 
 
 Fl. Mag., 548. 
 
 Flowers in long pendulous racemes, like a Bignonia 
 in shape, snow white; lip touched with yellow, with a 
 charming citron-like fragrance. Flowers freely twice a 
 year. The roots of this species should never be allowed 
 to get dry. Perhaps identical with Burlingtonia fra- 
 grans. 
 
 B. Burlingtonia decora. Brazil . . B. M., 5419, var. 
 
 B. M., 4834. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., no. 
 
 Lem. Jard., 188. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 716. 
 
 Flowers pink, spotted with crimson, in erect racemes. 
 A pretty plant. 
 
 A. Burlingtonia fragrans. Rio Janeiro. B. R., 1927, 1929. 
 Flowers large, snow white ; lip white with a golden yel- 
 low line in the centre. Blooms in June and July ; very 
 fragrant, scented like jonquils. 
 
 B. Burlingtonia Knowlesii. 
 
 Resembles Burlingtonia venusta in habit ; flowers white 
 in long racemes, tinged with pinkish lilac. Blooms in the 
 autumn, continuing a long time in perfection. 
 
180 ORCHIDS. 
 
 B. Burlingtonia maculata . . . . M. O. P., i. 
 
 B. R., 1839, 44- 
 
 A fine species, throwing a flower-stalk with fifteen to 
 twenty flowers of delicate yellow marked with dark brown. 
 There are varieties with upright and with slender droop- 
 ing flower-stalks. 
 
 B. Burlingtonia rigida. Brazil . . Pax. Mag., 8, 193. 
 
 Sert. O., 36. 
 Fl. des Ser., i, 2. 
 
 Flowers in a bunch at the end of the stalk ; white, veined 
 with purple j lip white, fragrant. 
 
 C. Burlingtonia rubescens. Peru. 
 Flowers white, marked with rose. 
 
 C. Burlingtonia venusta. Bahia .... I. H., 188. 
 
 Sert. O., 2. 
 
 The flowers much resemble Burlingtonia fragrans, but 
 are smaller and without fragrance. 
 
 The plants of this genus are all small, of compact 
 growth, with beautiful evergreen foliage. They should 
 be grown in baskets with sphagnous moss and pot- 
 sherds, and a good supply of heat and moisture while 
 growing ; they also succeed well on blocks with a little 
 moss. 
 
 Burlingtonia maculata should be grown in a pot. They 
 require but little rest, and should not be allowed to get 
 dry at the root. Propagated by division. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. l8l 
 
 c. 
 
 Calanthe. Brown. Terrestrial. 
 
 Name from Ka\6s, beautiful, and &v8os, a flower. 
 B. Calanthe bicolor. Java. 
 
 Flowers brilliant yellow inside, orange red outside. 
 
 B. Calanthe curculigoides. Malacca ; Singapore. 
 
 B. R., 1847-8. 
 B. M., 6104. 
 
 A rare and beautiful species. Flowers on a large, long 
 spike, bright orange. Foliage dark green, plaited. Grow 
 in constant heat of East Indian house. 
 
 B. Calanthe discolor. Java M. O. P., 3. 
 
 B. R., 1840, 55- 
 
 Flowers violet red, lip white with lilac markings round 
 the base. A very floriferous species. 
 
 A. Calanthe Dominiana ....... B. M., 5042. 
 
 A garden hybrid between Calanthe furcata and Calanthe 
 Masuca. Sepals and petals lilac ; lip deep purple. 
 
 C. Calanthe flavicans. Mauritius. 
 
 Sepals white and twice the size of the pale rose petals ; 
 lip bluish with a dark line down the centre. 
 
 Calanthe furcata. East Indies. 
 
 A well known free-flowering species, blooming on tall 
 spikes, and producing an abundance of creamy white 
 flowers in summer. 
 
1 82 ORCHIDS. 
 
 B. Calanthe Masuca. Nepaul . . . M. O. P., 2. 
 
 B. M., 4541. 
 B. R., 1844, 37. 
 Lem. Jard., 62. 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 139. 
 
 Sepals white outside, deep violet inside, petals lilac ; 
 lip heart-shaped, violet purple. The flowers are large, 
 produced on a spike two feet long, in June, July, and 
 August, lasting six weeks in perfection. 
 
 Distinguished from Calanthe purpurea by the raceme 
 being open instead of close, the lip broad instead of nar- 
 row, and the spur longer than the pedicel, instead of 
 shorter. 
 
 Calanthe Masuca grandiflora is a very fine, strong-growing 
 variety. 
 
 Calanthe Sieboldti. Japan. Revue Horticole, 1855, 20. 
 A distinct species, which may be grown in a cool house. 
 Foliage dark green, flowers yellow, on erect spikes. 
 
 A. Calanthe Veitchii. Garden hybrid. Bat. 2d Cen., 106. 
 
 B. M., 5375. 
 
 Jen. Orch., 48. 
 
 Fl. Mag., 280. 
 
 This is a true hybrid between Calanthe vestita and 
 Limatodes rosea. Flowers beautiful rose color, of differ- 
 ent shades, on spikes often three feet long, and continu- 
 ing in bloom for months. 
 
 It is a deciduous plant, like its parents, producing the 
 flower spike from the base of the matured bulb in No- 
 vember. For winter decoration this plant has no equal. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 183 
 
 B. Calanthe veratrifolia. Java . . . Lodd. Cab., 958. 
 SYNS. Flos triplicatus. (Rumph.) B. R., 720. 
 Orchis triplicate (Willimet.) B. M., 2615. 
 Limodorum veratrifolium. (Will a.) 
 Ambly glottis ft av a. (Blume.) 
 
 Flowers snow white ; lip olive-green with blood-red 
 centre. The flower-spikes, which are produced from May 
 to July, are often two feet long. The plant should have 
 plenty of air, but should be grown in heat 
 
 A. Calanthe vestita. Moulmein . . B. M., 467 1. 
 
 B. R., 720. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 16, 129. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 816, 
 1308. 
 
 Lem. Jard., 333. 
 
 War. Orch., 29. 
 
 Flowers produced from October to February, on long 
 drooping spikes rising from the base of the silvery green 
 bulbs when the latter are destitute of leaves. The sepals 
 and petals are snow white; lip white with a blotch of 
 rich crimson or yellow (according to the variety) in the 
 centre, or pure white. 
 
 The varieties are known as rubro oculata, cuprea, luteo 
 oculata, nivalis, and Turneri. Of these, that with the red 
 eye is the more common, and the pure white the rarest. 
 Turneri is a late bloomer, with large white flowers with 
 red eye. A collection can hardly have too many of these 
 charming plants. The only defect they have is the want 
 of foliage in the blooming season ; but this want is easily 
 supplied by placing them among ferns, thus forming a 
 
184 ORCHIDS. 
 
 combination which for grace and beauty is unsurpassed. 
 We have large pans of this plant, which are a constant 
 pleasure all through the dull months of winter. 
 
 For house decoration this plant is unrivaled, the flow- 
 ers remaining in perfection for many weeks, and for cut 
 flowers there is nothing better. A little weak liquid 
 manure is beneficial to the bulbs when growing ; for the 
 stronger we can grow the bulbs, the better the flower. 
 After blooming, let the bulbs rest awhile till the shoots 
 show at the base, then repot and grow them in good heat. 
 
 The foliage of these plants is evergreen, except Calan- 
 the vestita and Calanthe Veitchii. They generally make 
 their growth after the flowers have faded. They should 
 be grown in large pots, with loam, leaf mould, and rotten 
 dung j the plant should be set about level with the brim 
 of the pot ; good drainage should be provided. 
 
 Grow in the Indian house, and never allow the plant 
 to get dry during the growing season. They need but 
 little rest, during which period the soil should be kept 
 damp, except Calanthe vestita and Calanthe Veitchii, which 
 must be kept dry. Propagated by division. They are 
 very subject to the attacks of brown and white scale. 
 
 All the species are best grown in pots ; the varieties of 
 Calanthe vestita, however, do well in baskets. 
 
 Camaridmm. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from /canape, an arched roof. 
 
 Camaridium ochroleucum B. R., 844. 
 
 See Cymbidium. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 1 8$ 
 
 Camarotis. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from Kapdpa, an arched roof; alluding to the shape of the lip. 
 B. Camarotis obtusa. East Indies. 
 Flowers pale rose, with yellow lip. 
 
 B. Camarotis purpurea, Sylhet . . Pax. Mag., 7, 25. 
 
 Sert. O., 19. 
 
 Perianth lilac-purple ; lip deep purple ; flower spikes 
 produced from the side of the stem, in pendulous ra- 
 cemes, in March and April. It is a neat-growing, free- 
 flowering, and attractive plant. 
 
 These plants should be grown in the Indian house, in 
 a moist heat, on blocks, in pots or baskets, in moss. The 
 plants should always have heat and moisture at the roots 
 and need very little rest. 
 
 Catasetum. Richard. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from icard (down), and o-era, a bristle. 
 
 C. Catasetum atratum. Brazil . . . . M. O. P., 3. 
 
 B. R., 24, 63. 
 B. M., 5202. 
 
 Perianth purple-brown, petals marked with brown, the 
 lip dull green broken with yellow ; a floriferous species. 
 
 C. Catasetum cattosum. La Guayra . . . B. M., 4219. 
 
 B. R., 27, 5. 
 M. O. P., 5. 
 
 Perianth dull reddish-brown ; lip green, with a yellow 
 swelling and a spot of same color. 
 
1 86 ORCHIDS. 
 
 C. Catasetum cornutum. Demerara . . M. O. P., 5. 
 
 B. R, 27, 5. 
 
 Flowers green, marked with dark purple ; lip light- 
 green, marked with darker shade ; very floriferous. 
 
 C. Catasetum integerrimum. Guatemala B. M., 3823. 
 
 M. O. P., i. 
 
 Large flowers with powerful odor ; perianth marked 
 with purple ; lip yellow, richly marked inside. 
 
 This species should have plenty of moisture at the 
 period of the formation of the flower-buds. 
 
 C. Catasetum Naso. Caracas B. M., 4792. 
 
 B. M, 2559. 
 
 Perianth almost white; delicately shaded with greenish- 
 yellow, plentifully spotted with crimson-purple. The lip 
 is lengthened into the shape of an elephant's trunk. 
 
 C. Catasetum tridentatum. Brazil . B. M., 2559, 3329. 
 SYNS. Catasetum macrocarpum Hook. Ex., 90, 91. 
 
 (Richard). B. R., 840. 
 
 C. Claveringii (Lodd. Sert. Bot, 7. 
 
 Cab., 1344). 
 
 C.floribundum (Hooker). 
 
 Sepals yellowish-green ; petals green, more or less 
 marked with purple, and sometimes wholly purple; the 
 tip of the lip egg-yellow, inner part spotted. This plant 
 v tries much according to its vigor. 
 
 The flowers of this genus are remarkable for singular- 
 :ty of form, and some are very beautiful. The same 
 plant will frequently produce what seem to be totally dif- 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 1 87 
 
 ferent flowers, and there is no genus of plants so given 
 to " sports." 
 
 The plants are not favorites with cultivators, as they 
 are generally wanting in richness of color, but their cu- 
 rious flowers should give them a place in every large col- 
 lection of Orchids. The following are species : 
 
 Catasetum abruptum. B. M., 3929. 
 
 C. barbatum. M. O. P., 5 ; B. R., 1778. 
 
 SYNS. Catasetum proboscidium. B. R., 27, 5. 
 
 C. spinosum. 
 
 Myanthus barbatus. B. R., 1778. 
 
 Myanthus spinosus. B. M., 3802. 
 C. CartonL 
 
 C. cernmtm. B. M., 5399 ; B. R., 1721. 
 C. citrinum. 
 
 C. cristatum. B. R., 966 and 1951. 
 C. deltoideum. B. R., 1896. 
 
 SYN. Myanthus deltoideus. B. R., 1896; B. M., 3923. 
 C. discolor. B. R., 1735 ; Reg. Bot, 83. 
 SYNS. Myanthus discolor. 
 
 Myanthiis Bushmani. 
 
 Myanthus roseo albus. Hooker. 
 C. Jimbriatum. 
 C. fuliginosum. 
 C. globiferum. B. M., 3942. 
 C. Herbertii. 
 C. Hookerii. Liaclley. 
 C. intermedia variegata. 
 
 C. laminatum. Sert. O., 38 ; var., B. R., 27. 5 ; M. O. P., 5. 
 C. lanciferuin. M. O. P., 5. 
 C. Landsbergii. 
 
 C. longifoliwn. Sert. O., 31 ; Ref. Bot., 82. 
 C. luridum. B. R., 1667 ; B. M., 3590. 
 SYNS. Catasetum abruptum. 
 
 Anguloa lurida. 
 
1 88 ORCHIDS. 
 
 C maculatum. B. R., 26, 62 ; Bat., 2. 
 
 C. ochraceum. 
 
 C. planiceps. M. O. P., 2 ; B. R., 29, 9. 
 
 C poriferum. 
 
 C. purum. B. M., 3388. 
 
 C. Russellianum. B. M., 3777. 
 
 C seniiapertum. B. R., 1708 ; Hook. Ex., 213. 
 
 C. saccatum. Sert. O., 41. 
 
 C sanguineum. Pes., 14. 
 
 C squalidiim. 
 
 C. trifidum. B. M., 3262; B. R., 1721. 
 
 C. Trulla. M. O. P., 4 5 B. R., 27, 34. 
 
 C. tabulare. 
 
 C. trimerochilum. I. H., 374. 
 
 C. Wallisii. B. M., 3937. 
 
 These plants should be grown in pots, in peat and 
 potsherds, with good drainage. They should have plenty 
 of light and sun ; should be kept dry during the resting 
 season. When the young shoots begin to push, the water- 
 ing should be light, but as the growth advances it should 
 be increased, and when the bulbs are forming should be 
 copious. Care should be taken not to wet the flower 
 stalks, as they easily damp off, and during the flowering 
 season the soil should be only moist. Many are very 
 large plants, and the room they would occupy is so much 
 better filled by more showy plants, of more recent intro- 
 duction, that few care to grow Catasetums. The flowers 
 of many species are " uncanny " in appearance and un- 
 pleasant to look at. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 189 
 
 Cattleya. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Dedicated to Wm. Cattley. 
 A. Cattleya Acklandice. Bahia . . Pax. Mag., 9, i. 
 
 B. R., 1840, 48. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 674. 
 
 B. M., 5039. 
 
 I- H., 565. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 119. 
 
 Perianth olive-green, marked with dark-brownish yel- 
 low ; lip velvety purple, violet, or rose ; very fragrant. 
 This species has rounder and more fleshy foliage than 
 others. A beautiful but rare species, which is not very 
 free-blooming. Blooms in June and July. 
 
 A. Cattleya amabilis. Brazil. 
 
 A very beautiful and rare species. Sepals and petals 
 pink ; lip large, rich crimson. The plant makes two 
 growths a year, and blooms from the one formed in the 
 spring, with from three to five flowers on the spike. 
 Blooms in summer. 
 
 A. Cattleya amethystina. Brazil . . . Lem. Jard., 379. 
 A free growing and blooming species, much resembling 
 C. Loddigesii, and like it a summer bloomer. It grows 
 about a foot high, with strong pseudo-bulbs, and two 
 thick dark green leaves. Flowers two to five, pink, with 
 amethyst lip. Very pretty, but not as showy as most 
 species. 
 
 A. Cattleya amethystiglossa B. M., 5683. 
 
 War. Orch., 2. 
 I. H, 538. 
 Stems one to three feet high, with two long leaves on 
 
IQO ORCHIDS. 
 
 the top ; flowers in fine heads, two to seven in number, 
 thick and fleshy, three inches in diameter, rosy blush, 
 spotted with rich purple ; lip rich, rosy violet. A magnif- 
 icent species, blooming freely from January to March, 
 and often again in the autumn. There are many varie- 
 ties, all good. We have now (January, 1876) a magnifi- 
 cent plant in bloom. The flowers last four weeks in per- 
 fection if kept from damp. For rich color of the lip this 
 plant has no equal. 
 
 Cat t ley a amethystiglossa sulphur ea. 
 
 A remarkable variety, color pure lemon, spotted with 
 purple ; lip broad, rich cream color. 
 
 A. Cattleya Arembergii. Bahia. 
 
 Perianth rose lilac, lip bright rose, very fragrant. The 
 flowers resemble in form those of C. Harrissoni. 
 
 Cattleya Bassetti. SYN. of C spetiosissima. 
 
 A. Cattleya bicolor. Brazil . . . . B. M., 4909. 
 
 Sert. O., tab. 5. 
 Lem. Jard., 379. 
 
 A large flower, often four inches across, with pale green 
 perianth, marked with brownish yellow ; lip rich purple 
 or magenta, with yellow or white fringe. Blooms in Sep- 
 tember, often having eight or ten flowers on a spike. 
 
 Cattleya biflora. SYN. of C. Lawrenceana and Lcelia cris- 
 pilabia. 
 
 Cattleya Boothiana. SYN. of C. lobata. 
 
 A. Cattleya Brabantitz Fl. Mag., 360. 
 
 A hybrid between C. Acklandice. and C. Loddigesii, 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 191 
 
 dwarf-growing, sepals and petals pinkish white, spotted 
 with purple ; lip white and purple. A very handsome, 
 but as yet a rare plant. 
 
 Cattkya Brysiana. See Lcelia Brysiana. 
 
 Lem. Jard., 275-6. 
 
 A. Cattkya bulbosa ...... B. R., 33, 42. 
 
 SYN. Cattkya Walkeriana. Pes., 41. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 15, 49. 
 Pax. Fl. G., 3. 
 
 Flowers violet-rose, lip flat, shovel-shaped, deep car- 
 mine, the lateral lobes crimson, bordered with carmine. 
 This species needs very little water during the resting 
 season. It is best grown on a block with a little moss. 
 Flowers delightfully fragrant, scenting the whole house ; 
 they are produced on a separate spike, without leaves. 
 A lovely species. 
 
 A. Cattkya Candida. Brazil. 
 
 Perianth beautiful white, with violet shadings and a 
 yellow ray on the lip. 
 
 Blooms from July to November. The plant makes 
 two growths in the year, and blooms from both, producing 
 three or four flowers on a spike. 
 
 This plant is only a light colored variety of Cattkya 
 Loddigesii. 
 
 A. Cattkya Chocoensis. Mexico . . . . I. H., 3, 120. 
 A very choice species, closely allied to C. Triancs. It 
 is one of the most beautiful of Cattkyas. Plant about a 
 foot high, pseudo-bulbs long, crowned with one dark 
 green leaf; sepals and petals transjD2xet white; lip 
 
 Of THE 
 
 UNIVERSIT 
 
 ^r 
 
IQ2 ORCHIDS. 
 
 white, with a slight orange marking in throat, and all 
 suffused with rosy light; exquisitely fragrant. A very 
 free-flowering species, blooming from November to Jan- 
 uary. Plants vary much in the yellow on the lip, some 
 nearly approaching C. Triance. 
 
 A. Cattleya citrina. Oaxaca . . . Fl. des Ser., 1689. 
 
 Pes., 9. 
 B. M., 3742. 
 
 A species with large yellow fragrant flowers, produced 
 one or two together from May to August. 
 
 This species should be grown on the under side of a 
 block, the leaves hanging down, in the coolest house. 
 
 Cattleya coccinea. 
 
 An old name for Sophronitis grandiflora. 
 
 A. Cattleya crispa. Rio Janeiro . . . Sert. Bot, 7. 
 SYN. Lalia crispa. Pax. Mag., 5, 5. 
 
 B. R., 1172. 
 B. M., 3910. 
 
 Sepals and petals pure transparent white, the latter 
 having wavy edges ; lip white outside, inside rich crimson 
 or violet stained ; perfume delicious. Flowers from July 
 to September. We have plants producing forty flowers 
 at a time. 
 
 A. Cattleya crispa purpurea. 
 
 Only differing from the species in the color of the lip, 
 being brilliant purple. 
 
 A. Cattleya crispa superba .... War. Orch., 2, 91. 
 A fine large-flowered variety, with crimson lip beauti- 
 fully fringed. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 
 
 Cattkya domingensis. See Lceliopsis domingensis. 
 
 A. Cattkya Dawsoni. Brazil .... War. Orch., 16. 
 A beautiful and rare species intermediate between C. 
 Jabiata and C. Mossice. Foliage very thick, dark green ; 
 flowers seven inches in diameter ; sepals and petals rosy 
 blush; lip large, purple, yellow, and rose throat, and 
 beautifully fringed. A very rare plant. 
 
 A. Cattleya Devoniensis. 
 
 A beautiful garden hybrid between C. crispa and gut- 
 fata. Sepals and petals white, tipped with rose color ; 
 lip dark crimson. Blooms in autumn. 
 
 A. Cattleya Dominiana. 
 
 A beautiful species, hybrid between Cattkya maxima 
 and C. amethystina, in habit resembling Lczlia ekgans. 
 Sepals and petals white delicately shaded with blush ; 
 lip purple, margined with white ; interior deep yellow. 
 
 A. Cattkya Dominiana alba ...... F. M., 367. 
 
 A hybrid from the same source as the last described ; 
 sepals and petals white, shaded with lavender ; lip pure 
 white, with deep lavender blotch. 
 
 A. Cattkya Dominiana lutea. 
 
 Another fine hybrid; sepals and petals blush; lip 
 white, marked with yellow and rose. 
 
 All these hybrids are as yet very rare. 
 
194 ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. Cattieya Dowiana. Costa Rica. Jen. Orch., 33. 
 
 B. M., 5618. 
 
 I. H, 525- 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 1709. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 27. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 191. 
 
 A magnificent species. Flowers five or six together, 
 of a peculiar beautiful nankeen color ; lip large, crisped, 
 purple crimson, with deep orange gold veins. In growth 
 this plant resembles C. labiata ; it requires more heat 
 than most of the genus. 
 
 A. Cattieya Edithiana. Brazil. 
 
 A rare species, resembling C. Mossice in growth ; flowers 
 Six to seven inches in diameter ; sepals and petals light 
 mauve ; lip mauve, striped with white, upper part buff. 
 
 A. Cattieya Eldorado. Rio Negro. Fl. des Ser., 1826. 
 
 Flowers large, delicate white and rose ; lip deep golden, 
 margined with white ; violet tip. Blooms in early au- 
 tumn. 
 
 A. Cattieya Eldorado splendens. Rio Negro . I. H., 3, 7. 
 A very fine variety of the last ; flowers very large, 
 clear rose ; throat of lip deep orange, with circle of pure 
 white, and edge deep violet purple. 
 
 Cattieya elegans. See Lalia elegans . B. M., 4700. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 156. 
 I. H., 402 
 Pes., 23. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 195 
 
 A. Cattleya cxoniensis Jen. Orch., i. 
 
 F. M., 269. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 36. 
 
 A garden hybrid between Cattleya Mossice and Lcelia 
 purpurata, in which the beauties of both parents are 
 .preserved. Sepals and petals delicate lilac; lip deep 
 rich purple, with bright orange throat ; the whole flower 
 beautifully crisped. 
 
 B. Cattleya Forbesii. Brazil . . . B. R., 953. 
 
 SYNS. Cattleya isopetala. B. M., 3265. 
 
 C. vestalis. Lodd. Cab., 1152. 
 
 Perianth greenish yellow ; lip white, with rays of car- 
 mine. This is the least beautiful of the genus, but never- 
 theless, on account of the number of its flowers, which are 
 freely produced on a strong plant, is worthy of cultiva- 
 tion. 
 
 A. Cattleya Fausta F. M., 2, 189. 
 
 This is another of the beautiful hybrids for which the 
 establishment of Messrs. Veitch is so famous. It is ex- 
 actly intermediate between its parents, Cattleya Loddigesii 
 and C.exoniensis. 
 
 Flowers rich lilac ; lip white, with large yellow disk, 
 t.'pped with crimson. Blooms about the end of Novem- 
 ber. 
 
 A. Cattleya Gigas. New Granada . . Jen. Orch., 18. 
 
 I. H., 3, 178. 
 
 Fl. Mag., 2, 144. 
 
 A magnificent species of recent introduction. Flowers 
 of immense size, rosy pink; lip very large and broad, 
 
IQ6 ORCHIDS. 
 
 with large white spots, and marked on the side with yel- 
 low and white. 
 
 Cattleya Grahami. An old name of Leelia majaZis. 
 
 A. Cattleya granulosa. Guatemala . B. M., 5048. 
 
 B. R., 1842. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 199. 
 
 Perianth greenish brown, marked with brownish yel- 
 low ; lip orange yellow at base, white at tip, richly marked 
 with yellow and crimson. 
 
 Blooms in August and September. This species needs 
 but little heat. 
 
 There are many varieties of this species which differ 
 only in the markings of the perianth, and in brilliancy of 
 the color of the lip. 
 
 Cattleya grandis. See Leelia grandis. 
 
 B. Cattleya giiatemalensis F. M., 61. 
 
 A species much resembling in habit C. Skinneri, with 
 large clusters of small flowers ; sepals and petals rosy 
 purple and buff; lip reddish purple and orange. Not 
 very showy, but valuable for its peculiar colors. 
 
 A. Cattleya guttata. Brazil .... Lodd. Cab., 1715. 
 
 B. R., 1406. 
 
 Flowers greenish yellow, spotted with crimson ; lip 
 purple and white. Blooms in October and November. 
 A free blooming and desirable species. 
 
 A. Cattleya guttata Russelliana. Organ Mountains. 
 
 B. M., 3693. 
 B. R., 1849, 59- 
 The flowers of this variety are larger than the species, 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 197 
 
 but less spotted ; the lip is short and tipped with deep 
 violet red. 
 
 A. Cattkya guttata Leopoldii. Bahia ... I. H., 69. 
 
 Pes., 43- 
 
 Perianth greenish bronze, spotted with purple; lip 
 rich velvety purple, very fragrant ; spike often carrying 
 seven to nine flowers. 
 
 A. Cattleya Harrisonicz. Rio Janeiro. Pax. Mag., 4, 247. 
 
 B. M., 1919. 
 
 Flowers lilac rose, with slight tinge of yellow on the 
 lip, which is marked with violet purple at the base. Very 
 floriferous, blooming from July to October. 
 
 A. Cattleya Harrisonicz alba. Rio Janeiro. 
 Flower white, with lilac lip. 
 
 A. Cattkya Harrisonicz violacea. Rio Janeiro. 
 
 A taller growing variety, with sepals and petals violet 
 purple ; lip same color, with yellow centre. This plant 
 makes two growths in the year, flowering on both from 
 July to October. 
 
 A. Cattleya hybrida. 
 
 A garden hybrid between Cattleya granulosa and C. 
 Harrisonice. 
 Flowers rose, with darker spottings. A pretty variety. 
 
 A. Cattleya intermedia. Brazil . . Maund, Bot., 4, 195. 
 
 B. R., 1919- 
 Pax. Mag., i, 151. 
 Sert. Bot., 7. 
 A very neat growing species. Flowers, sepals lilac or 
 
 rose-colored ; lip rich purple. 
 
198 ORCHIDS. 
 
 It is a free-growing plant, often producing seven or 
 eight flowers on a spike. Blooms in spring. 
 
 There are many varieties of this species. We mention 
 alba, with nearly white flowers ; pattida (Pax. Fl. G-, 48), 
 perianth violet and white ; lip with rays of crimson, bor- 
 dered with white ; variegata, perianth lilac-purple ; lip 
 white, with yellow centre and red markings ; superba, 
 perianth delicate rose ; lip broad, rich purple. This va- 
 riety makes two growths a year, but only flowers on that 
 made in spring ; violacea, perianth delicate rose ; lip with 
 rich purple spot in centre. 
 
 Cattleya amethystina is by some considered a form of 
 this species, and the name is also applied to a white form 
 of Cattleya Loddigesii, and Lcelia Perrinii is sometimes 
 called Cattleya intermedia angustifolia. 
 
 Cattleya irrorata. See Lcelia irrorata. 
 
 Cattleya Karwinskii, an old name of Cattleya citrina. 
 
 A. Cattleya labiata. Brazil . Lodd. Cab., 1956. 
 
 Hook. Ex., 157. 
 
 B. R., 1859. 
 
 B. M., 3998. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 4, 121; 7,73. 
 
 Pax. Fl. G., 24. 
 
 Jen. Orch., 45. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 1895. 
 
 One of the finest species. Flowers rose-colored, with 
 rich crimson lip ; of a delicious fragance. The flowers, 
 which are produced from July to November, arc often five 
 inches across, and three or four on a spike. 
 
 The variations of color in the lip of this species are al- 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 199 
 
 most infinite every shade of crimson, purple, and violet, 
 with darker or lighter lines ; the whole flower lustrous 
 and sometimes with a crystalline appearance. The 
 flower lasts long in perfection. 
 
 A. Cattleya labiata atropurpurea. La Guayra. 
 
 Perianth paler than the species, but lip of deep purple 
 color. Nearly allied to Cattleya Mossicz. 
 
 A. Cattleya labiata pallida. Brazil. 
 
 Sepals and petals light pink ; lip crimson. A fine 
 variety blooming in August. 
 
 A. Cattleya labiata Pescatorei. 
 
 Sepals and petals light rose-colored; lip rich crimson. 
 A very distinct variety. 
 
 Cattleya labiata picta Fl. des Ser., 660. 
 
 Sepals and petals pure white j lip rich crimson, beauti- 
 fully fringed. 
 
 Cattleya Lawrenciana. SYN. of Lalia crispilabia. 
 
 A. Cattleya Lemoniana. Caracas . . . B. R., 32, 35. 
 A pretty species allied to Cattleya Mossia. Flowers 
 
 pale pink with centre of lip yellow. A summer bloomer. 
 
 Cattleya Leopoldii. SYN. of Cattleya guttata. 
 
 Cattleya Lindleyana. SYN. of Lcelia Lindleyana. 
 
 B. M., 5449. 
 
 B. Cattleya lobata. Brazil. 
 
 SYNS. Lcelia lobata. 
 
 Lcelia Boothiana. 
 Cattleya Boothiana. 
 
2OO ORCHIDS. 
 
 Flowers deep, uniform rose color; a shy flowering 
 plant. 
 
 Cattleya lobata superba. 
 Has larger spikes of bloom and flowers more freely. 
 
 A. Cattleya Loddigesii. Brazil . Hook. Ex., 186. 
 
 SYN. Epidendrum Loddigesii. C. B., 37. 
 
 Lodd. Cab., 337. 
 B. M., 2851, as 
 
 Cattleya intermedia. 
 
 Perianth delicate lilac ; lip same color, but a deeper 
 shade, delicately marked with purple and yellow. Blooms 
 in August and September, producing many flowers on a 
 spike. When well grown this is a very showy plant. 
 
 Cattleya Lowii. See Cattleya spetiosissima. 
 Cattleya Luddemaniana. See Cattleya spedosissima. 
 
 B. Cattleya luteola. Brazil Reich. Xen., 83. 
 
 SYNS. Cattleya epidendroides. B. M., 5032. 
 
 C. Holfordii. 
 C. flavida. 
 C. Meyeri. 
 C. modesta. 
 Epidendrum Cattleya. 
 
 Flowers yellow, of a lighter shade than Cattleya citri- 
 na, produced three or four together. 
 
 A. Cattleya McMorlandii. Brazil. 
 
 The plant resembles Cattleya Mossia. Flower six 
 inches in diameter ; sepals and petals light rose ; lip yel- 
 low and fringed. Blooms in June and July. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 2OI 
 
 A. Cattleya marginata. Rio Janeiro. Pax. Mag., 10, 265. 
 
 I. H., I93 . 
 
 A beautiful dwarf species. Sepals and petals rosy 
 crimson ; lip deep rose, bordered with white ; very fra- 
 grant. Should be grown on a block or in a basket. 
 Blooms in September. 
 
 This plant is by some considered a Lcelia, and by 
 others as identical with Cattkya pumila. It seems to us 
 to be a very distinct species, differing in habit, in size 
 in its two-leaved pseudo-bulb, and in flower. There are 
 many varieties, all charming. 
 
 A. Cattleya maxima. Guayaquil and Colombia. 
 
 SYN. Cattleya Quindos. Bat. 2d Cen., 131. 
 
 B. R., 32, i. 
 I. H, 3, 29. 
 B. M., 4902. 
 Fl.des Ser.,2136. 
 
 A tall-growing species with long channeled pseudo- 
 bulbs. Flowers in mid-winter, opening pale pink, but 
 deepening daily in color ; lip variegated with deep crim- 
 son net-work, yellow at base. There are varieties called 
 alba and violacea, which only differ in shades of color. 
 
 A. Cattleya Mendeli. New Granada . . F. M., 2, 32. 
 A very rare species. Flowers large ; sepals and petals 
 lavender blue; lip deep brownish crimson and yellow. 
 Probably allied to Cattleya Triance. 
 
 A. Cattleya Mossice. La Guayra . . . B. R., 1840, 58. 
 
 B. M, 3669. 
 
2O2 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Flower lilac-rose ; lip richly marked with yellow and 
 purple. This is a magnificent species, the flowers often 
 being five to eight inches across, and produced three 
 or four on a spike. Blooms from March to August. 
 
 This species is nearly allied to Cattleya labiata, the 
 chief distinction being in the markings of the lip, the lip 
 of labiata being comparatively plain. 
 
 In a collection scarce two plants will bear flowers 
 alike, and there is great opportunity for selection, yet the 
 poorest are splendid flowers. 
 
 In our own collection we could name almost as many 
 varieties as there are plants, but it seems useless to mul- 
 tiply names, and for the same reason we refrain from de- 
 scribing the many varieties which appear in European 
 catalogues. All are worth growing, and the number to 
 grow must only be limited by the space which can be 
 given them. By a little care they may be in bloom from 
 May to August, and as the flowers last in perfection six 
 weeks a splendid show may be maintained. They do 
 well removed to the parlor when in bloom, and fill the 
 whole house with their exquisite fragrance. 
 
 Cattleya Perrinii. B. R., 24, 2. 
 
 See LceZia Perrinii. 
 
 Cattleya Pinelli. SYN. of Cattleya pumila. 
 
 A. Cattleya pumila. Rio Janeiro . B. R., 30, 5. 
 SYN. Lalia pumila. B. M., 3656. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 32, 
 
 as Lcelia. 
 
 Perianth rosy lilac ; lip lilac-rose, with rich purple-violet 
 spot. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 203 
 
 A dwarf species, resembling Cattleya marginatd; the 
 flowers are very large in proportion to the size of the 
 plant Grow on a block. A very free bloomer, and a 
 charmingly beautiful plant. 
 
 Cattleya pumila major. SYN. of Lcelia prcestans 
 
 A. Cattleya quadricolor. New Granada. B. M., 5504 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 108. 
 I. H, 514. 
 
 A beautiful plant with long, narrow pseudo-bulbs, pro- 
 ducing its flowers on the young growth, in early summer 
 sepals and petals rosy white ; lip curled, crimson, edged 
 with white, and yellow centre. 
 
 Cattleya Quindos. See Cattleya maxima. 
 
 A. Cattleya quinquecolor F. M., 511. 
 
 A hybrid between Cattleya Forbesii and Acklandia. Se- 
 pals and petals light olive-green, spotted with brown and 
 chocolate ; lip white, with large yellow blotch, veined with 
 rose. 
 
 Cattleya Regnellii. SYN. of Cattleya Schilleriana. 
 Cattleya Ruckerii. See Cattleya Triance. 
 Cattleya Russelliana. See Cattleya guttata. 
 
 A. Cattleya Schilleriana. Brazil . . . B. M., 5150. 
 
 Jen. Orch., 25-. 
 
 A species with the growth of Cattleya Acklandia, and 
 the flowers of Cattleya guttata, and a handsomer plant than 
 either. Foliage marbled with black; flowers deep rosy 
 mahogany color; lip with darker stripes and shadinga 
 
2O4 ORCHIDS. 
 
 edged with pink. Blooms in summer from the young 
 growth. 
 
 A. Cattleya Schilleriana Regnellii. Brazil. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 22. 
 
 A very fine variety with olive-green flowers, spotted 
 with purple ; lip amethyst shaded with purple and bor- 
 dered with white ; base yellow. Blooms twice a year, in 
 June and September. Should be grown on a block and 
 kept warm and shaded. 
 
 Cattleya Schomburgkii. SYN. of Cattleya superba. 
 
 A. Cattleya Sedeniana. 
 
 A garden hybrid between Cattleya crispa and Cattleya 
 granulosa. A plant of tall habit, with large, handsome 
 flowers. Sepals and petals light-rose, shaded with green ; 
 lip white margin, purple centre, with dark veins. 
 
 A. Cattleya Skinnerii. Guatemala . B. M., 4270. 
 
 Pax. Mag., n, 193. 
 
 Bat., 13. 
 
 B. M., 4916. 
 
 Flowers violet-rose with crimson lip ; white centre ; 
 very large. A fine and easily grown variety, blooming in 
 March, April, and May. If well grown there are often 
 twelve flowers on the spike. One of the best of the 
 Cattleyas for general culture. 
 
 A. Cattleya speciosissima. Caracas. 
 SYNS. Cattleya Bassettii. 
 C. Luddemaniana. 
 
 Evidently a form of Cattleya labiata. Flowers large, 
 rosy white ; lip amethyst. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 20$ 
 
 A. Cattleya spetiosissima Lowii. Venezuela. 
 
 A very fine variety with large lip with white markings 
 and lines of yellow. 
 
 A. Cattleya superba. Eng. Guiana . Pax. Mag., 9, 265. 
 SYN. Cattleya Schomburgkii. Sert. O., 22. 
 
 B. M., 4083. 
 War. Orch., 24. 
 Fl. des Sen, 926. 
 
 Flowers deep rose, with rich crimson lip. A beautiful 
 but slow-growing species, blooming in June and July. 
 
 This species requires more heat than the other Cat- 
 tleyas. It should never surfer for want of water. 
 
 A. Cattleya superba splendens. Rio Negro . I. H., 605. 
 A magnificent variety, with larger flowers. Sepals and 
 petals bright rose ; lip, base white, violet rose, with golden 
 lines. 
 
 A. Cattleya Triance. New Granada. 
 
 A beautiful winter-blooming Cattleya, of which there 
 are a vast number of varieties, all good. The type has 
 white sepals and petals, which do not expand fully ; 
 lip white, with yellow throat more or less suffused with 
 blush ; flower delightfully fragrant ; blooms from Decem- 
 ber to February, the flowers lasting four weeks, if kep* 
 from damp. Fine varieties are figured in the Floral Mag- 
 azine, 2d series, pi. 66 and 176. 
 
 A. Cattleya Triana Daisy. 
 
 A very fine variety, superior to any we have seen. The 
 plant was sent us by Messrs. Low, in the large mass as 
 just imported, it not having flowered in England. 
 
2O6 ORCHIDS. 
 
 The growth resembles the strongest varieties of Cattkya 
 Mossier., but the foliage is broader, more massive, and of a 
 darker green. 
 
 The flowers measure more than five inches in diam- 
 eter, are produced three on a spike, and are of great 
 substance ; petals rosy white, beautifully crimped, sepals 
 white, with lavender tinge, both expanding fully ; lip very 
 large, throat bright orange shading through rose to white 
 and tipped with amethyst, and crimped ; flowers very fra- 
 grant. 
 
 The only plant is in the Glen Ridge collection. 
 
 A. Cattkya vehitina. Brazil. 
 
 A rare species, resembling Cattkya bicolor in growth, 
 with pale orange fragrant flowers; lip velvety, orange 
 
 streaked with violet. 
 
 
 
 Cattkya Wagneri Reich. Xen., 13. 
 
 A very rare species, with large flowers resembling Cat- 
 tkya Mossift. Sepals and petals white ; lip white with 
 rich yellow centre. 
 
 Cattkya Walker iana. See Cattkya bulbosa. 
 
 Cattkya Warneri. Brazil F. M., 516. 
 
 War. Orch., 8. 
 
 A species resembling Cattkya labiata in growth. Scapes 
 three to five flowered; blossoms six inches across; sepals 
 and petals mauve, clouded with rose, and fringed.; lip 
 orange yellow, at base rosy crimson. 
 
 Cattkya Warscewiczii Reich, Xen., 3, i; 
 
 War. Orch., 4. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 2O/ 
 
 This plant, and its varieties delicata and superba, seem 
 to be only varieties of Cattleya Triance, which, as we have 
 before remarked, sports into innumerable forms. 
 
 The flowers vary greatly in color, much in form, and 
 the plants somewhat in habit. They are all winter bloom- 
 ing, and it is only a question of preference whether to 
 regard Cattleya Warscewiczii as a variety of Cattleya 
 Triance, or vice versa. 
 
 Be this as it may, we cannot have too many of these 
 charming plants, and the variety the several specimens 
 exhibit will prove a constant source of pleasure. 
 
 This genus of Orchids are general favorites ; they com- 
 bine elegance of form and color and agreeable fragrance 
 with easy culture and profusion of flowers. Most of the 
 species should be grown in pots, with good drainage, in 
 peat and moss. The plants should always be elevated 
 above the rim of the pot. Cattleya marginata, bulbosa 
 ritrina, Regnelli, and pumila should be grown on blocks 
 with moss, or in baskets. All the species, except Cattleya 
 citrina and granulosa, should be grown in the East Indian 
 house, with a good supply of heat, but not too much 
 water while they are growing. Water at the roots once 
 or twice a week will be sufficient for those in the most 
 vigorous growth, and water should never rest on the 
 foliage. Too much water causes the bulbs to rot. As 
 long as the soil is moist, no water is required ; when it 
 becomes dry, water the soil, not the bulbs. 
 
 As soon as the plants have made their growth, they 
 should have a long season of rest, during which they 
 should be kept cool, rather dry, with just water enough to 
 prevent them from shriveling. Cattleyas generally make 
 
208 ORCHIDS. 
 
 their growth after flowering, but Cattleya bulbosa and 
 C. superba flower while making their growth. The plants 
 preserve their flowers in perfection for many weeks, if 
 kept in a cool, dry house. Propagated by division. The 
 foliage of Cattleyas should be frequently sponged, to re- 
 move any dust, and care should be taken to remove scale, 
 to which the plants are subject. The plants should never 
 be syringed. 
 
 Ceratochilus. 
 An old name of Stanhopea. 
 
 Cheirostylis. 
 
 A genus to which Ancectochilus Lowii and Lobbii are 
 sometimes referred. 
 
 Chrysobaphus. 
 
 Chrysobaphus Roxburghii is Ancectochilus setaceus. 
 
 Chysis. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from xv ffts > a stream, or anything melted. 
 
 A. Chysis aurea. Venezuela B. R., 1937. 
 
 B. M., 3617. 
 
 Flower white, lined with yellow, marked with crimson. 
 Blooms at different seasons, and often twice a year. 
 
 C. Chysis aurea maculata. Colombia. B. M., 4576. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 671. 
 
 Lem. Jard., 121. 
 
 Petals and sepals golden yellow, with a large orange- 
 red spot \ lip white, with violet rays. A very beautiful 
 and well marked variety. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 209 
 
 A. Chysis bractescens. Oaxaca . . . B. M., 5186. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 675. 
 
 B. R., 1841, 23. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 138. 
 
 Flowers large, white, with large blotch of yellow on the 
 lip j very fragrant. Blooms in April and May. A beauti- 
 ful and free-flowering species, of easy culture. 
 
 A. Chysis Iczvis. Oaxaca .... I. H., 365. 
 
 Bat, 31. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 14. 
 
 Flowers cream-color, with yellow on the lip ; produced 
 from base of young growths, on long pendulous spikes. 
 The finest of the genus, and a very rare plant. 
 
 A. Chysis Limminghei. Tobasco . . I. H., 240. 
 
 B. M., 5265. 
 War. Orch., 34. 
 
 Petals white, heavily tipped with pink ; lip beautifully 
 marked with carmine and yellow, flower large. This may 
 be considered a variety of Chysis aurea. 
 
 The flowers appear with the young growth in spring, 
 and, while not as large and showy as in other species, are 
 charmingly pretty. 
 
 Chysis undulata. 
 
 A rare species ; flowers orange yellow, with cream- 
 colored lip lined with pink. 
 
 These plants are deciduous, losing their leaves during 
 the resting season. The flowers are produced with the 
 young growth. They should have a liberal supply of heat 
 14 
 
2IO ORCHIDS. 
 
 and moisture during the growing season, but very little of 
 either when at rest. 
 
 They may be grown in pots, with peat, moss, and pot- 
 sherds, and with" good drainage, or in baskets, in same 
 material, or on blocks with moss. Propagated by divis- 
 ion, just as the plants begin to grow. The swollen 
 pseudo-bulbs are curious. 
 
 Cirrhcea. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from cirrus, a ringlet or tendril. 
 
 B. Cirrhosa atropurpurea. Rio Janeiro. 
 Flower purple, with richer purple lip. 
 
 C. Cirrh&a Loddigesii. Brazil B. R., 1538. 
 
 Flower greenish yellow; sepals marked with red; lip 
 
 sharp and long, green, marked with red. 
 
 C. Cirrhcea picta. Rio Janeiro. 
 
 Flower clear yellow, marked with brown ; lip greenish, 
 marked with red. 
 
 The flowers of these plants resemble insects. They 
 are of easy culture, very floriferous, and should be in 
 every collection. Treat like Acropera. The following are 
 species : 
 
 Cirrhcea fusco lutea. B. M., C. rubro purpurea. 
 
 3726. C. saccata. 
 
 C. bractescens. SYN. C. fusco httea. 
 
 C. immaculata. C tristis. B. R., 1889. 
 
 C. lavis. C. mridis-purpurea. Lodd. 
 
 C. obtusata. B. R., 2005. Cab., 1967. 
 
 C.pallida. C.Warreana. Lodd. Cab., 1999. 
 C. Russelliana. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 211 
 
 Cirrhopetalum. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from KippSs, tawny, and ireraXov, a petal. 
 
 C. Cirrhopetalum auratum. Singapore. B. R., 1843, 61. 
 
 M. O. P., 4. 
 
 The flowers are fan -shaped, yellow ground, marked with 
 crimson; the upper sepal and the petals are drawn out 
 into golden hairs j the lateral sepals are slightly marked 
 with purple. 
 
 C. Cirrhopetalum chinense. Manilla . . M. O. P., 2. 
 
 B. R., 29, 49. 
 
 The upper sepal and the petals are purple, the lateral 
 sepals greenish yellow. The flowers are the largest of 
 the species. One of the lobes resembles a chin, and has 
 a tongue which is in perpetual motion. 
 
 B. Cirrhopetalum Cumingii. Philippines . B. M., 4996. 
 A pretty species ; flowers in regular circles ; sepals 
 large, rich red. 
 
 B. Cirrhopetalum Medusa. Singapore. M. O. P., i. 
 
 B. R., 1842, 12. 
 
 B. M., 4077. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 148. 
 
 The sepals and petals are prolonged into long hairs, 
 which give the flower the appearance of a head with the 
 hair hanging down. The interior of the flower is marked 
 with violet. 
 
 "* This is a very curious plant. How the slender hair- 
 like sepals untwist themselves from the bud is a mystery. 
 It is easily grown, and keot in the hottest part of the 
 
212 ORCHIDS. 
 
 house, and never allowed to dry up, our plants bloom 
 freely every January. 
 
 Cirrhopetalum Pahudii. Java. 
 
 SYN. Bolbophyllum Pahudii. 
 
 Flowers in an umbel, large, reddish brown, with bright 
 red dots. 
 
 C. Cirrhopetalum Thouarsii. Manilla. 
 
 SYNS. Bolbophyllum longiflorum. B. R., 24, n. 
 
 Cymbidium umbellatum. B. M., 4237. 
 
 Epidendrum umbellatum. M. O. P., 3. 
 
 Zygopetalum umbellatum. 
 
 The sepals are long ; the petals yellow, deeply marked 
 with red, serrate, and bordered with hairs. 
 
 The following are other species : 
 Cirrhopetalum auratum. C. Macrai. B. M., 4422. 
 
 B. R., 29, 61. C. nutans. B. M., 4418. 
 
 C. ccespitosum. C. picturatum. 
 
 C. candelabre. C. umbellatum. 
 
 C. cornutum. B. M., 4753. C. vaginatum. 
 C.fimbriatum. B. M., 4391. C. Wallichii. 
 
 These plants should be grown on blocks, or in pots, 
 with a little moss, in the East Indian house. They need 
 much heat and moisture in the growing season. All the 
 species are very curious, and as they are small-growing 
 and occupy but little room, a few should find place in 
 every collection. All are rather scarce plants. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 
 
 213 
 
 Cleisostoma. Blume. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from /cAeior<fc, closed, and or^no, a mouth. 
 
 This genus is chiefly only interesting to the botanist, 
 though some of the species are pretty plants and of easy 
 culture. Cleisostoma Dawsonianus resembles a Renanthera. 
 The flowers are yellow and brown, on branching spikes. 
 
 Cleisostoma crassifoliwn (Pax. Fl. G., 99 ; Lem. Jard., 
 397), and Cleisostoma ionosmum (B. R., 33, 41), are other 
 species. 
 
 All are natives of India, and are of easy culture, re- 
 quiring the same treatment as Aerides. 
 
 Ccelia. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from /coiAoy, hollow. 
 C&lia asperata. See Ccelogyne Lowii. 
 
 B. C&tta macrostachia. Mexico . . B. M., 4712. 
 
 B. R., 1842, 36. 
 
 Lem. Jard., 423. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 900. 
 
 Flowers small ; sepals lively rose outside ; petals white, 
 forming long points. 
 
 The plants should be grown in pots, well drained, in 
 peat, moss, and potsherds. They need but little heat 
 during the resting season, but a hot, moist atmosphere in 
 growth. 
 
 Ccelogyne. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from KO/AOS, hollow, and yvvf], a woman, or stigma. 
 Calogyne asperata. See Ccelogyne Lowii. 
 
214 ORCHIDS. 
 
 B. C&togyne barbata. Bengal. 
 
 Flower white ; lip white, striped with yellow and deli- 
 cately tinted with violet at the base. 
 
 A. Coslogyne cristata. Nepaul . . . Pes., 25. 
 
 SYN. Cymbidium strictum. B. R., 1841, 57. 
 
 War. Orch., 35. 
 Jen. Orch., 7. 
 Fl. des Ser., 1807. 
 
 Flowers large, entirely white, with a blotch of yellow 
 on the lip ; produced on a drooping spike, six or eight 
 together, from the bottom of the bulb, from January to 
 March. 
 
 This is a magnificent species, which any one having a 
 greenhouse can grow. Of late years it has been grown 
 in great perfection, and it is as easy to have plants a foot 
 or more in diameter, producing hundreds of flowers, as it 
 is to grow verbenas. Give plenty of water when growing, 
 free circulation of warm air, and not too much heat 3 pot 
 in peaty loam. 
 
 There are varieties which differ only in intensity of 
 yellow on the lip. 
 
 This plant is one of the most beautiful of Orchids. 
 
 B. Ccehgyne Cumingii. Singapore. Fl. des Ser., 8, 764. 
 
 B. M., 4645. 
 B. R., 1840, 29. 
 M.O.P.,3. 
 Lem. Jard., 337. 
 
 Sepals and petals white ; lip bright yellow, divided by 
 three white ridges tipped with deep orange. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 215 
 
 B. Ccelogyne elata. Sylhet . . . B. M., 5001. 
 
 B. R., 1839, m - I 5 I 
 Flowers white, shaded with yellow. 
 
 C. Coelogyne fimbriata. China . . Lodd. Cab., 1425. 
 
 SYN. Broughtonia linearis. B. R., 868. 
 
 Flowers greenish yellow ; lip flesh-color, with two small 
 orange-yellow crests. 
 
 C. Cctlogyne fuliginosa. East Indies . . Lem. Jard., 7. 
 
 B. M., 4440. 
 
 .Flowers transparent, creamy white; lip richly marked 
 with deep brown, and ribbed. 
 
 B. Ccelogyne Gardneriana. East Indies. Pax. Mag., 6, 73. 
 
 G. and S., 41. 
 
 Flowers white, delicately tinted with yellow, produced 
 in winter, on a drooping spike. A very pretty species. 
 
 B. Ccelogyne Goweri. Assam. 
 
 A pretty and rare species ; flowers in pendulous ra- 
 cemes, white, with yellow blotch on the lip. 
 
 Ccelogyne hiimilis. See Pleione. 
 
 B. Ctzlogyne interrupta. East Indies. 
 Flowers entirely white. 
 
 Cozlogyne Lagenaria. See Pleione. 
 
 A. Ccelogyne Lowii. Borneo . . . Pes., 7. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 16, 225. 
 
 A large-growing species, blooming in summer ; flowers 
 ten or more, in long drooping racemes, very large, pale 
 yellow and chocolate. A very handsome plant. 
 
2l6 ORCHIDS. 
 
 C&logyne maculata. See Pleione. 
 
 A. C&logyne media. Khasya. 
 
 A pretty, dwarf, winter-blooming species, with creamy 
 white flowers ; lip yellow and brown. 
 
 A. Calogyne odoratissima Wight, Ic., 1640. 
 
 B. M., 5462. 
 
 A dwarf species, producing pretty, white, fragrant flow- 
 ers in winter. 
 
 B. Calogyne ochracea. East Indies . M. O. P., 2. 
 
 B. R., 1846, 69. 
 B. M., 4661. 
 Lem. Jard., 342. 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 145. 
 
 Perianth brilliant yellow; lip whitish, with two deep 
 purple rays. 
 
 A. Ccelogyne pandurata. Borneo. . Reich. Xen., 121. 
 
 B. M., 5084. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 2139. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 160. 
 
 Flowers vivid green, marked with black. A very showy 
 plant, and very remarkable in color. Should be grown in 
 the hottest house. 
 
 Ccelogyne Parishii. Moulmein . . . . B. M., 5323. 
 A species much resembling the last, but smaller in all 
 its parts ; a very pretty plant, with curious pseudo-bulbs ; 
 flowers green and black. 
 
 Calogyne pracox. See Pleione. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 2 1/ 
 
 C&logyne Reichenbachiana. See Pleione. 
 Cxlogyne Schilleriana. See Pleione. 
 
 A. Caslogyne spedosa. Java . . . . M. O. P., 5. 
 SYNS. Chilonanthera spedosa. B. R., 1847, 2 3- 
 
 Angrcecum nervosum. B. M., 4889. 
 
 Perianth yellowish white ; lip grayish brown outside, 
 yellow inside. A very pretty, free blooming, and desirable 
 species. 
 
 Ccelogyne Wallichiana. See Pleione. 
 The following are desirable species : 
 
 Coslogyne tiliata. 
 
 C. corrugata. Wight, Ic., 5, 1639 ; B. M., 5601 ; Bat. 2d Cen., 
 
 188. 
 
 C.fiacdda. B. R., 1841, 31 ; B. M., 3318. 
 C.fuscescens. B. M., 5494; Bat. 2d Cen., 104. 
 C. lentiginosa. B. M., 5958. 
 C. longicaulis. 
 C. nitida. 
 
 SYN. C. ocellata. B. M., 3707. 
 C. ovalis. B. R. 
 C. prolifera. 
 C. punctulata. 
 C. rigida. 
 
 C. testacea. B. M., 4785. 
 C. undulata. 
 
 These plants are evergreen (the deciduous species 
 being now known as Pleione}. The flowers appear with 
 the young growth. 
 
 They should be grown in well drained pots, with peat 
 and moss, in the East Indian house, with abundance of 
 
2l8 ORCHIDS. 
 
 water during the growing season, but when at rest should 
 be placed in a cooler house with but little water. 
 
 Though but few species are generally grown, almost all 
 of the genus are desirable. The flowers last long in per- 
 fection, if kept from damp, and the plants are so easily 
 grown they should be in every collection. Of Ccelogyne 
 cristata, spetiosa, Gardneriana, and Lowii one can scarce 
 have too many. All species are propagated easily by 
 division. 
 
 Colax. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from /c<*Aa, a parasite. 
 
 A. Colax jugosus. Brazil Reich. Xen., 41. 
 
 B. M., 5661. 
 I. H, 3, 96. 
 
 A rare plant, with dark green foliage, and spikes of 
 two or more cream-colored and white flowers, with rich 
 purple stripes. 
 
 These plants should be potted in peat and moss, and 
 be grown in moderate heat. 
 
 Formerly many plants now known as Lycaste were 
 called Colax, and as such are figured in early botanical 
 works. See Lycaste aromatica, Harrisonii. 
 
 Comparettia. Poeppig and Endlicher. Epiphyte. 
 
 Dedicated to Professor Comparetti. 
 
 R Comparettia cocdnea. Rio Janeiro. Maund, Bot, 4, 186. 
 
 B. R., 24, 68. 
 M. O. P., i. 
 I. H., 472- 
 This delicate little plant has reddish leaves, the flowers 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 2 19 
 
 are produced in winter in little bunches on a long stalk, 
 color reddish scarlet. 
 
 B. Comparettia falcata. Mexico. B. M., 4980. 
 
 P. and E., i, 44, tab. 73. 
 
 Flowers rosy purple, the lip lightly veined with darker 
 tints of the same color. 
 
 B. Comparettia rosea. Mexico . . Fl. des Ser., 2, 45. 
 
 Pax., 1843, i. 
 
 A species somewhat resembling the last. Flowers 
 small ; perianth rose, the upper part white, edged with 
 carmine ; lip deep rose. 
 
 These plants should be grown on a piece of cork, with 
 a little moss. The pseudo-bulbs of all the species are 
 small. Water should be carefully given, and during the 
 resting season the plants should be kept almost dry, but 
 never allowed to dry up. The flowers last long in 
 beauty. They should be grown in the shade. 
 
 Coryanthes. Hooker. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from ictpvs, a helmet, and &vOo$, a flower. 
 
 B. Coryanthes eximia. Bahia Portf., 1847. 
 
 Sepals and petals greenish yellow, tipped with brown- 
 ish purple ; lip forming a basin, purple outside, and pur- 
 ple marked with yellow and rich purple. 
 
 B. Coryanthes Albertinea. Venezuela. Fl. des Ser., 755. 
 
 Sert. Bot, 7, as 
 
 Gongora. 
 M. O. P., i. 
 
OKCHIDS. 
 
 Flowers large, perianth yellow, marked with purple; 
 basin lively purple outside, yellowish green, regularly 
 marked with purple inside. 
 
 A. Coryanthes macrantha. Caracas . M. O. P., 29. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 5, 31. 
 
 Pes., 30. 
 
 B. R., 1841. 
 
 Flowers as large as the last ; perianth yellow, spotted 
 with brown ; lip ochre-yellow, inside of the basin marked 
 with pale crimson. Blooms in May, June, July, and is 
 the best of the genus. 
 
 B. Coryanthes maculata. Demerara . B. R., 1793. 
 
 Maund, Bot., 228. 
 
 B. M., 3102, 3747. 
 
 Perianth greenish yellow, spotted with brown ; basin of 
 the lip marked with dull crimson inside. Blooms in sum- 
 mer. 
 
 B. Coryanthes Parkerii. Demerara . . . B. M., 3747. 
 This species differs little from the last, except in the 
 color of the spots, which are brownish purple. 
 
 B. Coryanthes Fieldingii. Lindley . Fl. des Sen, 364-5. 
 
 Flower brownish yellow, lightly spotted with cinnamon 
 yellow. 
 
 The flowers of this plant are very large, and differ 
 from the other species in having a shaggy fringe which 
 surrounds the casque which conceals the column. 
 
 B. Coryanthes spedosa. Demerara Bat, 36. 
 
 SYN. Gongora spedosa. Hooker. 
 Flowers pale yellow, in April or May. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 221 
 
 The flowers of this genus are among the most curious 
 of Orchids. The flowers have two glands, from which 
 proceed two fleshy horns, which continually distil a 
 honeyed liquid, which falls into a basin formed by the 
 lip. The flowers fade when this dropping stops, and sel- 
 dom continue in perfection more than four days. The 
 plants are evergreen, producing the flowers on a spike 
 from the bottom of the bulb. They should be grown in 
 baskets in peat and moss, with plenty of water and heat 
 during the growing season. Keep rather dry during rest. 
 Propagate by division. 
 
 These plants are sometimes referred to Gongora. 
 
 Cycnoches. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from KVKVOS, a swan, and av^v, a neck. 
 
 A. Cycnoches aureum. Central America. Pax. Fl. G., 75. 
 
 Lem. Jard., 264. 
 
 A handsome species, with long racemes of light yellow 
 flowers. 
 
 B. Cycnoches barbatum. New Granada . B. M., 4479. 
 A dwarf species ; sepals and petals and lip greenish 
 
 white, spotted with pink. Blooms in June and July. 
 
 B. Cycnoches chlorochilum. La Guayra . . Sert. O., 16. 
 Flowers greenish yellow ; lip pale yellow, with a large 
 spot of emerald-green at the base of the column. 
 
 B. Cycnoches Egertonianum .... Bat, 40. 
 
 B. R., 32, 46, var. 
 
 Flowers purple, inside green, outside purplish, and 
 marked with rich violet. 
 
222 ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. Cycnoches Loddigesii. Surinam . Lodd. Cab., 2000. 
 
 Fl. Cab., 15. 
 
 B. R, 1742. 
 
 B. M., 4215. 
 
 B. M, 3855. 
 
 Perianth brownish green, marked with yellowish brown ; 
 lip white, marked with red ; very fragrant. 
 
 The flowers are four inches across, and resemble the 
 expanded wings of a swan. Blooms in July and August, 
 continuing long in perfection. 
 
 A. Cycnoches leuchochilum. Guiana . . . B. M., 3853. 
 Perianth greenish yellow, marked with brown ; lip 
 
 white, marked with greenish yellow. Flowers very large 
 and fragrant. 
 
 C. Cycnoches maculatum .... Maund, Bot, 4, 156. 
 
 I. H., 3, 143. 
 
 Sert. O., 33. 
 
 A small species, with long flower-spikes, bearing a 
 profusion of pale brown flowers, marked with yellowish 
 brown. 
 
 B. Cycnoches pentadactylon. Brazil. . . B. R., 29, 22. 
 Flowers very large, yellow and brown. 
 
 B. Cycnoches ventricosum. Guatemala. Maund, Bot., 2, 54. 
 
 B. M., 4054. 
 
 Bat, 5. 
 
 Flowers pale, whitish yellow; lip yellow, edged with 
 white. Flowers fragrant, in June, July, and August. 
 
 These plants are all deciduous, losing their leaves as 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 22$ 
 
 soon as they have completed their growth j the flowers 
 are produced nearly from the top of the bulb. They 
 should be grown in the East Indian house in rough, 
 fibrous peat, with good drainage, and a good supply of 
 water. When at rest they should receive but little water, 
 should be kept in the cooler house, near the glass, in full 
 light. Care must be taken not to allow water to collect 
 on the flower shoots or buds, as they easily damp off. 
 Propagated by dividing the bulbs just as they begin to 
 grow. 
 
 Though not popular with Orchid growers they are well 
 worthy of culture, being showy, curious, lasting long in 
 bloom, and in some species fragrant. 
 
 Cymbidium. Schwartz. Epiphyte and Terrestrial. 
 
 Name from KV/J.&OS, a cup or boat. 
 
 B. Cymbidium aloefoliiim. East Indies. Terrestrial. 
 
 SYN. Aerides Eorasii. G. and S., 165. 
 
 Epidendrum aloefolium. Lodd. Cab., 967. 
 
 Sepals and petals pale purple, marked down the centre 
 with a dark line. The flower stalk is drooping, many 
 flowered. A well known Orchid. 
 
 C. Cymbidium bicolor. Ceylon. Epiphyte. 
 
 Flowers like the last, but marked with yellowish brown. 
 They also differ in the form of the sac, which is at the 
 base of the lip. 
 
 Cymbidium caniculatum. Australia . . . B. M., 5851. 
 A pretty species with drooping racemes of deep purple 
 flowers, with white and pink lip. 
 
224 ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. Cymbidium Dayanum. Assam. 
 
 A distinct species resembling Cymbidium eburneum, but 
 with pendulous flower-spike. Flowers yellowish white 
 and purple. Requires the hottest house. 
 
 B. Cymbidium Devonianum. Epiphyte. Pax. Mag., 10,97. 
 Perianth creamy white, with purple rays ; lip rich crim- 
 son purple. Should be grown in a basket with rotten 
 wood and leaf mould. 
 
 A. Cymbidium eburneum, India. Terrestrial. 
 
 B. R., 33, 67. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 15, 145. 
 
 B. M., 5126. 
 
 Jen. Orch., 16. 
 
 War. Orch., 21. 
 
 Bat. 2d. Cen., 177. 
 
 Sepals and petals pure white ; lip of same color, with 
 yellow blotch in centre, or in the variety with rosy spots. 
 Blooms in February and March. This is a very rare 
 Orchid ; a good plant always commands an extravagant 
 price. Handsome as it is we hardly think it worth the 
 money it costs, as there are so many more beautiful Or- 
 chids. 
 
 B. Cymbidium ensifolium. China. Terrestrial. 
 
 B. R., 1976. 
 B.M., 1751. 
 
 Perianth yellowish green, marked with brown ; lip 
 marked with purple. 
 
 Cymbidium giganteum, Nepaul. Epiphyte. 
 
 Sert. O., 4. 
 
 Pax. Mag/, 12, 241. 
 
 B. M., 4844. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 22$ 
 
 A large-growing species producing, during the winter, 
 brown and purple flowers on long spikes. A showy plant, 
 worth growing where there is room. 
 
 Cymbidium Hookerianum. Himalaya Mountains. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 187. 
 
 B. M., 5574. 
 
 A species resembling the last described in growth, 
 bearing large, green, straw-color, yellow, and purple 
 flowers, on long upright spikes. This plant requires very 
 little heat. 
 
 Cymbidium Huttoni. Java B. M., 5676. 
 
 A rare Orchid. Flowers in long racemes, brown, spot- 
 ted with chocolate ; lip green, with chocolate stripes. 
 
 A. Cymbidium Mastersii. India. Epiphyte. 
 
 B. R., 31, 50. 
 
 Pax. Fl. G., 78. 
 
 Lem. Jard., 289. 
 
 Flowers white with yellow centre in winter. This is a 
 very beautiful free-blooming species, in growth much like 
 Cymbidium eburneum ; the flowers are of long duration 
 and have a delicious almond-like fragrance. 
 
 B. Cymbidium pendulum. Sylhet. Epiphyte. 
 
 B. R., 26, 25 ; 30, 24. 
 
 A large-growing plant, producing spikes, one or two 
 feet long, of brown flowers, with a red lip striped with 
 white ; in July and August. 
 
 A. Cymbidium atropurpureum. Java . . B. M., 5710. 
 Flowers on spikes nearly three feet long ; sepals and 
 petals dark purple, margined at the tip with green ; lip 
 15 
 
226 ORCHIDS. 
 
 recurved, pale purple ; centre white, tinted with rose and 
 spotted with purple. 
 
 B. Cymbidium pubescens. Singapore. Epiphyte. 
 
 B. R., 1841, 38. 
 
 A species somewhat resembling Cymbidium bicolor. 
 The flowers are small, of a rich purple, edged with bril- 
 liant yellow. 
 
 Cymbidium sinense. China .... Lodd. Cab., 37. 
 
 Sert. Bot., 7, 
 
 as Epidendrum. 
 
 A plant long in cultivation but now seldom seen. The 
 flowers are dull colored and possess little beauty, but are 
 delightfully fragrant, and for this alone it should always 
 be grown. 
 
 A. Cymbidium tigrinum. Moulmein . . B. M., 5457. 
 A dwarf grower with roundish pseudo-bulbs. Flowers 
 
 three or more on short spikes, greenish yellow, spotted 
 with red ; lip large, white, barred with purple. 
 
 B. Cymbidium triste. Japan. Terrestrial. B. M., 3648. 
 Flowers yellowish purple ; lip large, of rich, deep pur- 
 
 pie. 
 
 There are more than fifty species of this genus. The 
 following are good species : 
 
 Cymbidium chloranthum. B. M., 4907. 
 C. dependens. Lodd. Cab., 936. 
 
 SYN. Cirrhoea dependens. 
 C. Finlaysonianum. 
 C. Gibsonii. 
 C. iridifolium. B. R., 1839. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 22/ 
 
 C. lancifolium. Hook. Ex. 5 1 ; Lodd. Cab., 927. 
 
 C. marginatum. B. R., 1530. 
 
 C. ochroleuchum. B. R., 4141. 
 
 C. virescens. 
 
 C. xiphifolium. B. R., 529. 
 
 Though these plants are in many instances epiphytal, 
 they succeed much better in cultivation if treated as ter- 
 restrial Orchids, and grown in pots, in a rich compost of 
 lumpy peat, through which the large roots can readily 
 penetrate. They require, when in growth, an abundance 
 of water, a moist heat, and sun ; but when at rest should 
 be kept in a dryer atmosphere, but the soil must never 
 dry up. They are generally of large habit, with stately 
 foliage. The flowers are showy but generally not high- 
 colored. In a large collection a good assortment should 
 be grown, but for a small one Cymbidium Mastersii is the 
 best, Cymbidium eburneum being still a very rare plant. 
 When well grown the plants rapidly attain a large size 
 and flower freely every year. All are propagated by di- 
 vision. 
 
 Cypripedium. Linnceus. Terrestrial. 
 
 Name from Kuirpts, Venus, and ir6?>Lov, a little foot. 
 B. Cypripedium acaule (or humik of English cat- 
 alogues). North America . . . Lodd. Cab., 130. 
 
 M. O. P., 7. 
 B. M., 192. 
 
 Perianth pale, dull brown ; lip large, bright pink, veined 
 ,vith darker lines, or rarely pure white. This is our 
 most common species, native of dry woods ; it is hardy, 
 but of somewhat difficult domestication. 
 
228 ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. Cypripedium Argus. Philippines . . B. M., 6175. 
 A very handsome species, allied to Cypripedium barba- 
 tum ; foliage with rich tesselated markings ; sepal broad, 
 white, with many veinings of dark green and purple ; 
 petals greenish white, rose-colored at tip, studded with 
 dark purple spots ; lip dull purple and white ; flower very 
 large. A rare plant. 
 
 A. Cypripedium barbatum. Mt. Ophir. B. R., 28, 17. 
 
 B. M., 4234. 
 M. O. P., 8. 
 Fl. des Ser., 1453. 
 Fl. des Ser., 190. 
 
 Sepals greenish white, violet-purple below ; upper sepal 
 white, rayed with purple j lip slipper-shaped, violet-pur- 
 ple ; foliage beautifully spotted. 
 
 This species is easily distinguished by the purple, 
 heavy, and shining warts which border the upper margin 
 of the petals. It is a very handsome species, free-flow- 
 ering and of easy culture. 
 
 A. Cypripedium barbatum nigrum. 
 
 A showy variety producing very large flowers j lip dark 
 purple. 
 
 A. Cypripedium barbatum superbum. 
 
 A variety with brighter-colored flowers and more white 
 in the sepal. 
 
 There are many other varieties, all good, among which 
 we may mention giganteum, Crossii, majus, multiflorum, 
 and pictum, which only differ in size of plant and color 
 of flower. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 
 
 229 
 
 A. Cypripedium biflorum. Mt. Ophir. 
 
 This is one of the barbatum group, and is by some con- 
 sidered only a variety of that species. The flowers are 
 produced two on a stem, are very bright in color, and last 
 long in perfection. We have a plant that for two years 
 has never been out of bloom. 
 
 B. Cypripedium Bullenianum. Borneo. 
 
 A small-growing species with very bright spotted 
 foliage, which indeed is its chief merit, for the flowers 
 are dull-colored. 
 
 Cypripedium Chantinii. 
 
 A seedling from C. insigne. Free growing ; flower re- 
 sembling its parent, but with more white and brighter. 
 A rare plant. 
 
 A. Cypripedium caridnum. Peru . . B. M., 5466. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 1648. 
 
 This plant, which is also called Cypripedium Pearcii, 
 is very distinct from all others ; the root-stocks are creep- 
 ing, the foliage long and grassy. The flowers are green, 
 purple, and white, in two to five-flowered spikes, and 
 though small are very pretty. 
 
 This species is very easily grown in a cool house, and 
 is very desirable. 
 
 A. Cypripedium caudatum. Lima. Fl. des Ser., 566. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, i. 
 Pax. Fl. G., 9. 
 Pes., 24, as Selenipe- 
 dium. 
 
23O ORCHIDS. 
 
 Foliage light green ; flowers pale yellow and green, 
 produced several together on a spike ; the petals are 
 prolonged into two tails, which hang from each flower, 
 about twenty inches long. Blooms in March, April, and 
 May. 
 
 This is one of the most extraordinary of Orchids. 
 When the flowers expand, the petals are only about an 
 inch long, but in a few days they extend to two feet in 
 length, so that they trail on the ground, unless the plant 
 is placed on a stand. The sepals and petals are yellow- 
 ish brown ; the lip reddish brown. 
 
 Care must be taken not to over-water this plant, as it 
 makes but few roots ; it does not require much heat. It 
 blooms from the last year's growth in early spring. 
 
 Called also Selenipedium caudatum. 
 
 Cypripedium caudatum roseum. 
 A variety with brighter flowers, and more desirable. 
 
 Cypripedium concolor. Moulmein . B. M., 5513. 
 
 I. H, 429- 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 153. 
 
 A dwarf species, found growing on limestone rocks, 
 and of somewhat difficult culture j foliage green and 
 white on upper surface, reddish purple below ; flowers 
 in pairs, light yellow, speckled with crimson, on short 
 hairy stems. Grow in the warmest house, with plenty of 
 moisture, and add bits of chalk to the soil. 
 
 Cypripedium cruciforme. SYN. of C. Lowii. 
 
 A. Cypripedium Dayanum. Borneo. Fl. des Ser., 1527. 
 A very beautiful, strong-growing species of the barba- 
 tum growth, with elegant mottled foliage. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 231 
 
 Flowers large ; sepals white and green ; lip purplish 
 green. 
 
 Flowers in spring, and lasts long in perfection. 
 
 A. Cypripedium Dominianum. Hybrid . . F. M., 499. 
 
 A cross between Cypripedium caridnum and C. cauda- 
 tum. Spike three-flowered ; petals yellowish green, very 
 long ; lip purple, green, and yellow. 
 
 The flower has the colors of C. caudatum, the shape of 
 C. caricinum, and seems intermediate between the two. 
 
 A. Cypripedium Fairrieanum. Assam. Fl. des Ser., 1244. 
 
 Reich. Xen., 133. 
 
 B. M., 5024. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 140. 
 
 A beautifully marked species. Flowers pale yellow, 
 lined with purple and green ; hood large, white, veined 
 with green and purple. Blooms in autumn. 
 
 B. Cypripedium guttatum. Europe and North America. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 573. 
 
 Flowers small, violet carmine, spotted with white ; a 
 cold frame species. 
 
 Cypripedium grandiflorum. SYN. of C. superbiens. 
 
 A. Cypripedium Harrisianum. Hybrid. . F. M., 431. 
 
 A fine cross between Cypripedium villosum and C. bar- 
 batum, combining all the good qualities of both species. 
 
 Flowers large, shining, dark purple, brown, green, and 
 yellow ; foliage long, mottled. This is a very free-grow- 
 ing plant, and will make a superb specimen. It blooms 
 freely in November. We consider it one of the best of 
 the family. 
 
232 ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. Cypripedium hirsutissimum. Java. Fl. des Ser., 1430. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 149. 
 B. M., 4990. 
 War. Orch., 15. 
 
 Flowers large, very hairy ; lip light green, with brown- 
 ish shad ings ; hood greenish, with dark purple ; petals 
 violet, with black dots. 
 
 A very desirable species. Blooms in spring, some- 
 times producing two-flowered spikes. 
 
 B. Cypripedium Hookercs. Borneo . B. M., 5362. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 1565. 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 123. 
 
 Perianth purplish, marked with green, and spotted with 
 black ; lip greenish and yellowish purple ; hood cream- 
 color and green ; foliage variegated and very beautiful. 
 
 A. Cypripedium insigne. Sylhet . . Hook. Ex., 34. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 1564. 
 B. M., 3412. 
 Lodd. Cab., 1321. 
 
 Perianth pale green ; sepals large, white, marked with 
 brownish purple ; lip brownish yellow ; flowers solitary, 
 nearly three inches in diameter; foliage long, light 
 green. 
 
 This old species is one of the most useful of plants 
 for house decoration or for cut flowers. It is of free 
 growth, and soon forms a large plant. The flowers last 
 six weeks in beauty. We have specimens bearing forty 
 to sixty flowers. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 233 
 
 Cypripedium insigne Mauki F. M., 57. 
 
 A variety with the dorsal sepal at least half white, 
 making the flower much brighter. 
 
 There is also a variety bearing two flowers on the 
 scape. 
 
 A. Cypripedium Irapeanum. Mexico. B. R., 32, 58. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 3, 186. 
 
 M. O. P., 4. 
 
 Petals and sepals almost the same size, of a brilliant 
 yellow, hairy lip of the same color, spotted with scarlet. 
 
 C. Cypripedium Javanicum. Java . Fl. des Ser., 703. 
 Flowers green ; tips of the petals rosy and marked 
 with purple ; lip green, marked at the base with purple. 
 
 A. Cypripedium Icevigatum. Philippines. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 1760. 
 F. M., 298. 
 B. M., 5508. 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 101. 
 
 Leaves glossy; petals chocolate, purple, and green, 
 narrow, twisted, five inches long ; lip yellow, small ; 
 dorsal sepal striped with purple j scape two to four- 
 flowered. This species requires strong stove heat. It is 
 a very stately plant. 
 
 B. Cypripedium longifolium. Costa Rica . B. M., 5970. 
 
 SYN. Cypripedium Reichenbachianum. 
 
 This is not a showy species, but is desirable as never 
 being out of flower. The flowers are greenish white and 
 brown, many on a spike ; foliage long, dark green. 
 
234 ORCHIDS,. 
 
 A. Cypripedium Lowii. Borneo . . Fl. des Ser., 375. 
 
 Card. Mag., 297. 
 
 Sepals pale yellow, marked with green at the tips, and 
 violet at the base ; petals several inches long, pale yel- 
 low, regularly spotted with violet or wholly violet ; lip 
 rich violet-shining purple, edged with greenish yellow. 
 Flowers on a spike of two to five. A very fine species, 
 blooming in summer. In its native habitat this species 
 grows on the tops of high trees. 
 
 A. Cypripedium niveum. Siam .... Jen. Orch., 28. 
 
 F. M., 543. 
 
 I. H, 3, 83. 
 
 B. M., 5922. 
 
 A very dwarf plant ; foliage dark green, with minute 
 white spots, purplish-red below; flowers porcelain white, 
 spotted with violet-purple. 
 
 A. Cypripedium pardinum. East Indies . F. M., 2, 51. 
 A rare species ; foliage mottled with green, purple 
 below ; flowers medium size, yellowish green and black, 
 hairy on the edge ; lip greenish yellow. 
 
 A. Cypripedium Parishii. Moulmein . . B. M., 5791. 
 A species of stately growth, with broad coriaceous, dull 
 
 green foliage ; flowers greenish white and purple, not 
 showy, but very enduring. A strong plant of this species 
 will seldom be out of bloom. 
 
 Cypripedium Pearceii. See Cypripedium caricinum. 
 
 B. Cypripedium purpuratum. Java . B. M., 4901 
 
 B. R., 1991. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 1158. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 235 
 
 Foliage beautifully spotted. The flowers resemble 
 Cyripedium barbatum, except the upper petal is whiter. 
 It is a dwarf-growing, pretty species. 
 
 Cypripedium Reichenbachianum. See Cypripedium longi- 
 folium. 
 
 A. Cypripedium Roezlii. South America . I. H., 3, 138. 
 
 F. M., 2, 119. 
 
 This rare species is one of the best of the genus ; 
 foliage long, arching, bright green j scape many-flowered, 
 the blossoms being produced in succession, but only one 
 at a time. Flowers greenish-brown and purple, medium 
 size, not very showy. This plant is a perpetual bloomer. 
 
 Cypripedium Schlimii. New Granada. Pes., 34. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 1917. 
 
 I. H, 3, 183. 
 
 B. M., 5614. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 200. 
 
 A beautiful little plant, bearing branching spikes of 
 delicate flowers. Sepals and petals white, inner surface 
 marked with rosy purple ; lip white and crimson. 
 
 There are several varieties of this pretty plant. It is 
 not an easy plant to import or to grow, and we have never 
 seen it in good condition. It requires moderate heat and 
 plenty of water. 
 
 Cypripedium Sedeni. Hybrid .... Jen. Orch., 4. 
 
 A cross between Cypripedium longifolium and Cypripe^ 
 dium Schlimii. Flowers white and pink ; very beautiful. 
 As yet a very rare plant. 
 
236 ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. Cypripedium spectabile. North America. 
 
 M. O. P, 3. 
 Lodd. Cab., 697. 
 B. R., 1666. 
 Fl. des Ser., 430. 
 
 Perianth rosy white ; lip beautiful deep rose, with white 
 markings. This is our finest native species, and when well 
 grown is very beautiful. We grow it out of doors in a 
 Rhododendron bed where it has formed a tuft which pro- 
 duces stalks nearly three feet high, with three or four 
 flowers on a spike. If grown in a pot it should be win- 
 tered in a cold frame, and brought into gradual heat in 
 spring. 
 
 A. Cypripedium Stonei. Borneo . . I. H., 355. 
 
 B. M., 5349. 
 Jen. Orch., 12. 
 Fl. des Ser., 1792. 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 141. 
 
 Petals light brown, spotted with chocolate ; very long; 
 lip whitish, with red lines, marbled with light purple ; 
 hood white ; scape two or three-flowered. A magnificent 
 species. 
 
 A. Cypripedium superbiens. Assam . War. Orch., 2, 12. 
 SYN. Cypripedium Veitchianum. I. H., 429. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 1966. 
 
 A free-growing species with beautifully variegated fo- 
 liage j lip beautifully shaded with purple ; sepals and 
 petals white, with stripes of green and spots of purple. 
 A very beautiful plant. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 237 
 
 A. Cypripedium vexillarium. Hybrid. 
 
 A cross between Cypripedium barbatum and C. Farriea- 
 num. Sepals white, mottled with purple, greenish at 
 base ; petals purple ; lip light brown, streaked with green. 
 A rare and beautiful plant. 
 
 A. Cypripedium venustum. Nepaul . Sert. Bot., 7. 
 
 Hook. Ex., 35. 
 
 B. M., 2129. 
 
 B. R., 788. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 24. 
 
 An old inhabitant of our greenhouses, but none the 
 less to be valued. Foliage rich, shaded green, purple 
 underneath ; flower greenish white ; lip yellowish green ; 
 petals fringed ; very free-flowering, of easy culture, and 
 soon makes a large specimen. Blooms all winter. There 
 are varieties which differ slightly in color. 
 
 A. Cypripedium villosum. Moulmein. Fl. des Ser., 1475. 
 
 Pes., 48. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 30. 
 I. H., 126. 
 
 One of the best of the genus. Foliage long, light 
 green ; flowers very large, glossy amber-brown, with pur- 
 ple lines ; lasting six weeks in beauty. Blooms from 
 January to May. This makes a beautiful specimen. 
 
 All the Cypripediums are worth growing, and a selec- 
 tion is indispensable in every collection of Orchids. 
 
 The following are species : 
 
 Cypripedium arietinum. B. M., 1569 ; Lodd. Cab., 1240 ; M, 
 O. P., 6. 
 
238 ORCHIDS. 
 
 C. cakeolus. Schwartz. Lodd. Cab., 363 ; M. B., 247 ; FL 
 
 des Ser., 1563. 
 
 C. candidum. Willd. Fl. des Ser., 962. 
 C. japonicum. Thunberg. F. M., 2, 171. 
 C. macranthum. Schwartz. B. R., 1534 ; B. M., 2938 ; I. 
 
 H, 147- 
 
 C. monteanum. Douglas. 
 C. parviflomm. B. M., 911 ; Lodd. Cab., 414 ; B. M., 3024 ; 
 
 M. O. P., I. 
 
 C. passerinum. Richardson. 
 
 C. pubescent. Lodd. Cab., 895 ; M. O. P., 2 ; I. H., 64. 
 C. ventricosum. Schwartz. M. O. P., 5 ; Sweet, Fl. G., 2, I. 
 
 The species Cypripeditim acaule, arietimtm, calceolus, 
 pubescens, parviftorum, spectabile may be grown in peat, 
 earth, and sand, in the open air, in a shady place. All 
 the others are greenhouse or stove plants. The soil 
 should be peat with a little silver sand, loam, and leaf 
 mould ; water well during growth ; they need but little 
 rest, and the evergreen species should never be wholly 
 dry. Propagate by division. 
 
 Cyrtochilum. Kunth. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from Kvprts, arched, and x ***> lip. 
 
 B. Cyrtochilum bictoniense Bat., 6. 
 
 See Odontoglossum. 
 
 A. Cyrtochilum cornutum. Mexico. 
 
 Perianth yellowish green, marked with dark purple ; 
 lip sulphur-yellow, with red edges at each side of its base. 
 
 Cyrtochilum leucochilum. Guatemala . Fl. des Ser., 522. 
 Perianth greenish yellow, marked with brown and pur- 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 239 
 
 pie j lip white. This plant is often confounded with 
 Oncidium leucochilum, which it nearly resembles. 
 
 B. Cyrtochilum maculatum. Mexico. Sert. O., 25. 
 
 B. R., 24, 44. 
 B. M., 3880, 3836. 
 FL Cab., 57. 
 
 Flowers large ;" perianth greenish yellow, marked with 
 purple ; lip white, with rich red spots. 
 
 A. Cyrtochilum Russellianum. Guatemala. B. M., 3880. 
 A beautiful variety of Cyrtochilum maculatum. Flowers 
 
 richly marked with purple. 
 
 B. Cyrtochilum stellatum. Rio Janeiro . . Sert. O., 7. 
 Perianth creamy white ; lip of the same color, striped 
 
 and spotted with rich purple. 
 
 There is a variety from Bahia with pure white perianth, 
 and of a delicious fragrance. 
 
 Cyrtochilum flavescens B. R., 19, 1627. 
 
 Seems to be a variety of stellatum, of a pale yellow 
 color. The two last species have been classed by Dr. 
 Lindley with Miltonia. 
 
 These plants should be grown in pots, in coarse peat, 
 sphagnum, and potsherds, with good drainage. 
 
 Cyrtopera. Lindley. Terrestrial. 
 
 Name from KvprAs, arched, and ir-fipa, a sack. 
 A. Cyrtopera flav a. India. 
 
 A pretty plant, resembling a Bletia in growth. Flower 
 rich yellow, with paler lip. 
 
240 ORCHIDS. 
 
 B. Cyrtopera sanguined. Sikkim . . . . B. M., 6161. 
 Flowers red, purple, and brown, with rosy lip. A showy 
 plant. ' 
 
 These plants should be grown in pots, in the East 
 Indian house, with plenty of water when in growth. 
 They require the general treatment of Bletias. 
 
 Cyrtopodium. Brown. Epiphyte. 
 
 From Kvprts, arched, and Trotfy, a foot. 
 
 B. Cyrtopodium Andersonii. St. Vincent. Lodd. Cab., 121. 
 SYN. Cymbidium Andersonii. B. M., 1800. 
 
 B. R, 27, 8. 
 
 The flower stalks grow three feet high, branched, and 
 are covered with fragrant yellow flowers j perianth green- 
 ish yellow ; lip golden yellow. 
 
 B. Cyrtopodium cupreum. Brazil. 
 
 Flowers copper-color, with yellow bracts, marked with 
 red. 
 
 B. Cyrtopodium punctatum. Rio Janeiro. Sert. O., 12. 
 SYNS. Epidendrum punctatum. B. M., 3507. 
 
 Cyrtopodium speciosum. 
 
 Sepals yellowish green, closely marked with red and 
 purple j petals yellow ; lip edged with rich purple ; bracts 
 large, of the same color and marking as the sepals. 
 
 B. Cyrtopodium Willmorei. Venezuela . . Fl. Cab., 4. 
 Flower stalk like Cyrtopodium Andersonii, with many 
 flowers nearly two inches long ; perianth greenish yellow, 
 marked with brown ; lip yellow, bordered with red. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 241 
 
 B. Cyrtopodium Woodfordii. Trinidad . B. M., 1814. 
 
 B. R., 1508. 
 
 Flowers green ; lip purple. This species is not easy to 
 bloom, and should be kept shaded. 
 
 These plants should be grown in pots in a compost of 
 rich peat, moss, charcoal, and potsherds, with good drain- 
 age. Just before they begin their growth they should be 
 potted and placed in the cooler end of the hot-house, and 
 gently watered ; the supply of water and heat should be 
 increased as the foliage grows. The plants should be 
 entirely dry during the season of rest. The flower spikes 
 come up with the young growth in spring. 
 
 D. 
 
 Dendrocoryne. 
 SYN. of Dendrobium densiflorum. 
 
 Dendrobium. Schwartz. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from 8ev$pov, a tree, and fiios, life. 
 
 C. Dendrobium aduncum. East Indies . B. R., 32, 15. 
 Flowers, produced in little racemes from the nodes of 
 
 the stems, transparent white ; column with rays of red- 
 dish purple. Grow in a pot in peat. 
 
 There is a variety, Dendrobium aduncum roseum, with 
 brighter flowers. 
 
 B. Dendrobium aggregatum. East Indies. 
 
 SYN. Dendrobium Lindleyi. B. M., 3643. 
 
 B. R., 1695. 
 Pax. Mag., 6, 145. 
 16 
 
242 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Flowers pale yellow, in short spikes, in March and 
 April. Grow in a pot, or on a block, with peat. The 
 variety Dendrobium aggregatum majus is a larger plant, 
 with larger flowers, and is more generally grown. 
 
 Dendrobium Ainsworthii. Garden hybrid. F. M., 2, 196. 
 
 A cross between Dendrobium heterocarpum and D. 
 nobile, and a very beautiful plant. Pseudo-bulbs stouter 
 than D. nobile. Flowers produced in pairs, as in that 
 variety, very large ; sepals and petals white ; lip white, 
 with large violet-purple blotch. 
 
 A. Dendrobium albosanguineum. India. Pax. Fl. G., 57. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 721. 
 Bat. 2dCen., 173. 
 Lem. Jard., 203. 
 B. M., 5130. 
 
 Flowers very large, creamy white, with a rich crimson 
 blotch on the centre of the lip, produced from the top 
 nodes of the pseudo-bulbs. Blooms in May. Grow in a 
 pot with moss, or in a basket, with plenty of light and 
 heat. This is a magnificent and very distinct species. 
 Our plants are grown in baskets, suspended near the apex 
 of the roof, and thrive wonderfully, and are yearly a mass 
 of bloom. 
 
 B. Dendrobium amtznum. Nepaul. Wallich. 
 
 SYN. Dendrobium aphyllum (Rox- B. M., 6199. 
 burg). Fl. Cab., 117. 
 
 Flowers white, with a small violet spot at the top of the 
 segments ; lip yellow-green at the base inside. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 243 
 
 B. Dendrobium amboinense. Amboyna. B. M., 4937. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 1211. 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 179. 
 
 Flowers produced from the naked stem ; petals very 
 long, white ; lip egg-yellow, with reddish centre. 
 
 Dendrobium amethystiglossa. Philippines . B. M., 5968. 
 A remarkable tall-growing species, producing from the 
 old stems dense pendulous racemes of ivory-white flowers, 
 with amethyst-purple lip. Rare and handsome. 
 
 A. Dendrobium anosmum. Philippine Islands. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 15, 97. 
 
 Flowers delicate lilac ; lip deep purplish crimson, 
 edged with pure white. This species should be grown 
 in a hanging basket, or on a block of wood, with moss, 
 and requires plenty of heat and moisture in the growing 
 season. 
 
 It resembles Dendrobium superbum in growth, but is 
 smaller, more floriferous, and the blossoms have no 
 rhubarb scent. 
 
 Sometimes called Dendrobium anosmum Dayanum, in 
 which (by some called a species), and also in D. macro- 
 phyllum Dayanum, we can see no difference. 
 
 Dendrobium Aphrodite. SYN. of Dendrobium nodatum. 
 Dendrobium aureum. SYN. of Dendrobium heterocarpum. 
 
 Dendrobium barbatulum. Bombay. 
 
 Flowers in long pendulous racemes, pure white, with 
 green spur. Grow on a block. 
 
244 ORCHIDS. 
 
 The plant generally grown under this name is Dendro- 
 bium Fytcheanum, a native of Moulmein, and a hand- 
 some plant. In the true barbatulum the sepals are not 
 circular, the racemes are long and pendulous, and the 
 base of the stems is swollen. The figure in B. M., 5918, 
 is the true species, that of B. M., 5444, and Bat. 2d Cen., 
 102, is D. Fytcheanum. 
 
 A. Dendrobium Bensonia. Moulmein . B. M., 5679. 
 
 F. M., 355. 
 
 Jen. Orch., 32. 
 
 A lovely species with white flowers ; lip with orange 
 disk, and two black spots at the base. A free-growing 
 and very handsome plant. Grow in pot. 
 
 Dendrobium bicolor. SYN. of Dendrobium Palpebra. 
 
 A. Dendrobium bigibbum. Tropical northeast coast of 
 Australia Fl. des Ser., 1143. 
 
 War. Orch., 28. 
 
 B. M., 4898. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 169. 
 
 A rare and beautiful species, with long slender stems, 
 producing the flowers in erect racemes of five or more 
 from the ends of the old stems. Blossoms rich rosy pur- 
 ple, in autumn. Grow in the sun, with plenty of warmth 
 and moisture, and never allow the stems to shrivel. 
 
 Dendrobium Boxalli. Martaban . . F. M., 2, 114. 
 
 Jen. Orch., 19. 
 
 Habit semi-pendulous ; flowers in clusters of three from 
 the swollen joints of the old stems ; sepals and petals 
 white, tipped with purplish violet ; lip with fine orange 
 disk. A rare plant. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 245 
 
 B. Dendrobium Bullerianum. Moulmein . B. M., 5652. 
 A pretty plant, with white flowers, tinged with rose ; 
 lip with a large yellow spot. It may be described as 
 having flowers of Dendrobium Devonianum (but not so 
 bright), with habit of D. crepidatum. 
 
 A. .Dendrobium Calceolaria, or calceolus, but not of Rox- 
 burg. India (in many localities). 
 
 Pax. Mag., 2, 241, as moschatum. 
 Hook. Ex., 184. 
 B. M., 3837. 
 
 An old inhabitant of our Orchid houses ; stems three 
 to five feet high, clothed with evergreen leaves ; flowers 
 in racemes of five to twelve, from near top of old stems, 
 which continue to bloom for years. Sepals and petals 
 bright yellow; lip a little darker; delightfully fragrant. 
 Blooms in June, but only lasts three days. Pot-culture 
 in moss and peat. 
 
 There are several varieties, some more deeply marked 
 than others. 
 
 A. Dendrobium Cambridgianum. Northern India. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 6, 265. 
 B. M., 4450. 
 
 A deciduous species ; flowers produced on the young 
 growth in March and April. Sepals and petals bright 
 orange ; lip with deep velvety crimson blotch, hairy. 
 
 Grow in a basket, with moss. When out of bloom, as 
 ugly a plant as one can find ; when in bloom it would 
 be difficult to find a handsomer. 
 
 B. Dendrobium capillipes. Moulmein. 
 
 A very dwarf-growing species, producing bright golden 
 yellow flowers. Should be grown on a block. 
 
246 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Dendrobium chlorops. SYN. of Dendrobium barbatulum. 
 A. Dendrobium chrysanthum. Nepaul . . B. R., 1299. 
 Perianth yellow; lip of the same color, with two 
 brownish red spots, the edges delicately fringed. Blooms 
 at different seasons, along the stem at the same time it 
 is making its growth. A very beautiful plant, which is 
 seldom out of bloom during the summer. Should be 
 grown in a basket, to display the pendulous shoots to 
 best advantage. 
 
 Dendrobium chrysotis. SYN. of Dendrobium Hookerianum. 
 
 Dendrobium chrysocrepis. Moulmein . . B. M., 6007. 
 A singular plant, with bulging pseudo-bulbs, producing 
 single yellow flowers, with rich orange lip, from nodes of 
 old bulbs. 
 
 A. Dendrobium chrysotoxum. Moulmein. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 124. 
 B. M., 5053. 
 
 B. R, 33, 36. 
 I. H., 164. 
 
 Flowers pale yellow, produced on a spike from the top 
 of the bulb during the winter. 
 
 Grow in a pot, with peat, or on a block, in full sun- 
 light. It is a handsome, free-growing plant, and soon 
 makes a specimen. We find it thrives better on a block 
 than any other Dendrobium. 
 
 Dendrobium chrysotoxum superbum. 
 Is a larger growing and better variety. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 247 
 
 Dendrobium davatum. India. 
 
 Flowers from the summit of the long pseudo-bulbs in 
 spikes of five ; bright yellow, with a double rich crimson 
 blotch, very large. A free grower, blooming in May. 
 Pot culture. 
 
 B. Dendrobium ccerulescens. East Indies. Sert. O., tab. 18. 
 Perianth yellowish white, bordering on rose ; points of 
 
 the segments violet ; lip has a dark purple-violet spot on 
 a yellowish ground, edged with a light lilac border. 
 
 This species should not be confounded with Dendro 
 bium nobile. 
 
 A. Dendrobium crassinode. Burmah . . B. M., 5766. 
 A remarkable species, with very handsome flowers ; 
 stems ten to twenty inches long, having large swollen 
 joints or internodes. Flowers from the upper nodes, 
 very large, in clusters, pure waxy white, tipped with pur- 
 ple ; lip with rich yellow centre. 
 
 A. Dendrobium crepidatum. India . B. M., 4933, 5011, 
 
 variety. 
 B. M., 4933. 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 129. 
 
 Somewhat allied to Dendrobium cretaceum, but with 
 larger and more highly colored flowers. Perianth white, 
 tinged with pink ; lip orange-yellow, tipped with pink. 
 With us it succeeds best grown in a basket suspended in 
 the apex of the roof, with plenty of light and heat. 
 
 C. Dendrobium cretaceum. Khasia . Fl. des Ser., 818. 
 
 B. R., 1847, 62. 
 B. M., 4686. 
 Lem. Jard., 344. 
 
248 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Flowers white ; lip marked with crimson, in June and 
 July. Grow in a pot or basket, with peat or moss. 
 
 B. Dendrobium crumenatum. Ceylon . B. M., 4013. 
 SYNS. Angracum crumenatum B. R., 1839, 22 
 
 (Rumphius). 
 
 Onychium crumenatum (Blume). 
 Flowers white, tipped with rose ; lip yellow, fragrant. 
 
 A. Dendrobium crystallinum. Burmah. 
 
 A pretty plant, with fragrant flowers, stems thick and 
 strong ; flowers white, tipped with purple, with orange 
 lip. Blooms in summer. 
 
 Dendrobium cumulatum. Moulmein . . . B. M., 5703. 
 Stems one to two feet long. Flowers in close clusters, 
 from nodes of old stems, rosy pink, with white lip. A 
 rare plant. 
 
 Dendrobuim cucullatum. See D. Pierardii. Sert. Bot., 7. 
 
 B. M., 2242. 
 B. R., 748. 
 
 A. Dendrobium Dalhousianum. East Indies. 
 
 Pax. Mag., ii, 145. 
 
 B. R., 1846, 10. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 698. 
 
 War. Orch., 22. 
 
 Flowers lemon-color, edged and veined with rose ; lip 
 marked with purple and with two spots of dark rich vio- 
 let-purple, fringed. A beautiful and desirable species. 
 Blooms from the old growth very freely in April and 
 May. Grow in pot, with moss. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 249 
 
 Dendrobium Dayanum. See Dendrobium anosmum. 
 
 A. Dendrobium densiflorum. East Indies. 
 
 B. M., 3418, 5780. 
 
 Pax'. Mag., 5, 121. 
 
 I. H., 101. 
 
 B. R., 182, 8. 
 
 Flowers rich yellow, produced from the side of the 
 bulb near the top, in dense bunches. Blooms in March, 
 April, and May. Grow in pot, with peat. A very fine 
 species. 
 
 Dendrobium densiflorum album. East Indies. F. M., 102. 
 A magnificent variety; flowers pink and white, with 
 yellow lip. Called also Dendrobium Schroderi. 
 
 A. Dendrobium Devonianum. Khasya Hills. 
 
 I. H., 145. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 7, 169. 
 
 B. M., 4429. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 647. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, n. 
 
 Lem. Jard., n. 
 
 This species blooms along the stem, which is often sev- 
 eral feet long. The flowers measure two inches across ; 
 the ground color is white, the sepals tipped with violet- 
 rose ; petals larger than the sepals, pink, with vivid violet 
 spot at their base ; lip white, with two bright yellow spots 
 at the base, and a rich violet spot at the tip, beautifully 
 fringed. Blooms in May and June. Grow in a basket, 
 in moss. Should have plenty of water, and be freely 
 syringed, as it is very liable to be attacked by red spider. 
 
ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. Dendrobium dixanthum. Moulmein. B. M., 5564. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 197. 
 
 A very pretty species, of upright, slender growth, pro- 
 ducing freely all summer its showy yellow flowers. Grow 
 in pot or basket. 
 
 B. Dendrobium eburneum. Moulmein. B. M., 5459. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 166. 
 
 A pretty, free-blooming species, with ivory-white, fra- 
 grant flowers. Pot culture. 
 
 A. Dendrobium Falconerii. Bootan. Bat. 2d Cen., 137. 
 
 B. M., 4944 ; var., 
 
 5058. 
 Fl. des Ser., 1197. 
 
 Flowers very large, stem slender ; sepals pale purple, 
 tipped^ with violet; petals white, with deep violet tip ; lip 
 also violet-tipped, and centre of deepest violet, surrounded 
 by a deep orange band shading to straw-color. Should 
 have plenty of water. We grow this plant in a basket 
 suspended over a lily-tank, and syringe it twice a day. 
 
 B. Dendrobium Farmerii. East Indies. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 741. Bat. 2d Cen., 132. 
 B. M., 4659. Pax. Mag., 15, 241. 
 
 B. M., 5451, var. Jen. Orch., 24. 
 Pes., 4. Lem. Jard., 307. 
 
 Flowers rosy white ; lip yellow, with greenish-white 
 edge. This species grows and flowers like Dendrobium 
 densiflorum, and requires the same treatment. 
 
 The varieties Dendrobium Farmerii album, aureo-fla,' 
 vum, and roseum only differ in intensity of color. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 2$ I 
 
 B. Dendrobium fimbriattim. Nepaul. Pax. Mag., 2, 172. 
 
 Pax. Fl. G., 84. 
 
 I. H, 151. 
 
 Hook. Ex., 71. 
 
 Flowers deep golden yellow, fringed. Blooms in the 
 spring. Flowers are produced from the old bulbs for 
 years. Grow in a pot, with moss. The flowers last only 
 a few days. 
 
 A. Dendrobium fimbriatum oculatum. Nepaul. 
 
 B. M., 4160. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 19. 
 
 Flowers like the last, but larger, with deep purple cres- 
 cent in centre of the lip. Sometimes mistaken and sold 
 for Dendrobium Paxtoni, a very different plant. 
 
 A. Dendrobium formosum. East Indies. 
 
 Fl. des Sen, 226. 
 B. R., 1839, 64. 
 Pax. Mag., 6, 49. 
 
 Flowers large, white, the lip marked by a bright orange- 
 yellow band ; produced from top of the stem ; very fra- 
 grant, lasting six weeks in perfection. Grow in moss or 
 peat, in a pot. 
 
 A. Dendrobium formosum giganteum. Moulmein. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 1633. 
 
 If anything can be handsomer than the species, it is 
 this variety, which differs only in being of larger growth 
 and having flowers five inches in diameter. 
 
252 ORCHIDS. 
 
 D. Dendrobium Fytcheanum. Moulmein. 
 
 B. M., 5444. 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 102, 
 both as barbatulum. 
 
 A slender-growing species, producing delicate clusters 
 of flowers, which are dazzling white, with faint tinge of 
 crimson at base of lip. Should be grown on a block, 
 with moss. See Dendrobium barbatulum. 
 
 A. Dendrobium Gibsonii. Khasya . Pax. Mag., 5, 169. 
 A species flowering on the ends of the old bulbs. 
 Sepals and petals rich orange ; lip bright yellow, with 
 two dark spots on the upper part. Blooms during the 
 autumn. Treat as Dendrobium for mo sum. Distinguished 
 from Dendrobium fimbriatum by the petals not being 
 toothletted. 
 
 A. Dendrobium Griffithianum. Burmese Empire. 
 
 A species resembling Dendrobium densiflornm, "but 
 double the size in all its parts," bearing immense droop- 
 ing spikes of richest golden yellow. A rare plant. 
 
 B. Dendrobium heterocarpum. Ceylon. B. M., 4708. 
 
 B. R., 1844, 62. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 842. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 150. 
 
 B. M., 4970, var. 
 
 Perianth pale yellow ; lip golden yellow, marked with 
 orange-red; very fragrant. This species is also known 
 as Dendrobium aureum in one of its varieties. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 2$$ 
 
 A. Dendrobium Heyneanum. Bombay. Wight, Ic., 909. 
 A pretty species, with spikes of white flowers from the 
 top of the stems at different seasons. Block culture. 
 
 A. Dendrobium hedyosmum. Moulmein. 
 
 B. M, 5515. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 155. 
 
 A plant allied to Dendrobium formosum. Flowers 
 greenish white, changing to pure white ; lip marked with 
 orange ; deliciously fragrant. A rare plant. 
 
 B. Dendrobium Hillii. Australia . B. M., 5261. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 195. 
 
 A stout-growing species, allied to and sometimes con- 
 sidered a variety of Dendrobium speciosum, producing 
 from the tops of the stems long clustered spikes of 
 creamy white flowers. Grow in a pot, and do not keep 
 it very warm. 
 
 A. Dendrobium Hookerianum. Assam . . B. M., 6013. 
 
 I. H, 155- 
 
 A slender-growing species, with tall stems ; flowers 
 large, deep yellow, on slender spikes, with dark spots on 
 the disk. A beautiful plant, commonly called Dendro- 
 chrysotis. 
 
 A. Dendrobium infundibulum. Moulmein. 
 
 B. M., 5446. 
 
 I. H., 3, 172. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 122. 
 
 Flowers four inches across, pure white, with deep 
 orange in the centre of the lip. A lovely plant, allied 
 
254 ORCHIDS. 
 
 to Dendrobium formosum, and almost its equal. Known 
 also as D. moulmeinense. 
 
 Dendrobium Jamesianum. Moulmein. 
 
 A rare species with pure white flowers resembling 
 Dendrobium formosum, but smaller; lip cinnabar red. 
 Blooms in spring and summer. Pot culture. 
 
 Dendrobium japonicum. See Dendrobium moniliforme. 
 
 A. Dendrobium Jenkinsii. India . . B. R., 25, 37. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 28. 
 
 A fine dwarf evergreen species about two inches high. 
 Flowers very large for the size of the plant ; pale buff, 
 edged with yellow. Blooms in mid-winter. Grow on a 
 bare block of wood suspended from the roof. 
 
 C. Dendrobium yohannis. Australia . . B. M., 5540. 
 A species with twisted petals, brown and yellow, 
 streaked with orange and fragrant. May be grown in a 
 cool house. 
 
 C. Dendrobium Kingianum. East Indies. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 12, 97. 
 
 B. R., 1845, 61. 
 
 B. M, 4527. 
 
 Lem. Jard., 143. 
 
 Flowers small ; perianth pale purple ; lip beautifully 
 marked with blood red. 
 
 B. Dendrvbium lasioglossum. Burmah . . B. M., 5825. 
 Stems pendulous ; flowers produced with the foliage on 
 
 the young growth, white with purple markings. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 2$$ 
 
 A. Dendrobium Linawianum. India. B. M., 4153. 
 
 SYNS. Epidendrum moniliforme Maund, Bot., 4194. 
 
 (Linn). B. R., 1314. 
 
 Limodorum moniliforme. Pax. Mag., 3, 77. 
 Flowers rosy-red and white, produced at the side of the 
 two year old bulb, during the winter. Grow in a basket 
 or in a pot, with peat and moss. Commonly known as 
 Dendrobium moniliforme, which is the proper name of 
 Dendrobium japonicum. 
 
 A. Dendrobium lituiflorum. India . B. M., 6050. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 3. 
 
 A pendulous species, with flowers resembling Dendro- 
 bium nobile, but larger and deeper colored; lip white, 
 purple edged. A showy and rare species. 
 
 A. Dendrobium Lowii. Borneo . . Bat. 2d Cen., 189. 
 
 B. M., 5303. 
 
 Flowers two inches across, in dense racemes, yellow, 
 with six red lines on the lip, with long crimson fringes. 
 Allied to Dendrobium formosum. A very beautiful and 
 rare plant. 
 
 A. Dendrobium luteolum. Moulmein. Bat. 2d Cen., 185. 
 
 B. M., 5441. 
 
 Flowers pale primrose, with a few reddish streaks on 
 the lip, measuring two inches across. 
 
 A. Dendrobium McCarthia. Ceylon. B. M., 4886. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 158. 
 
 A very beautiful plant, producing bright, cherry-red 
 flowers, which last long in perfection; lip white and 
 
ORCHIDS. 
 
 purple. It is a free grower and produces abundance of 
 flowers. 
 
 A. Dendrobium macranthum. Manilla. Fl. des Ser., 757. 
 
 B. M., 3970. 
 
 Sert. O., 35- 
 
 Pes., 40. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 8, 97., 
 as macrophyllum. 
 
 A pendent species of large growth. Flowers produced 
 two or three together from nodes of stems, after the 
 leaves have fallen ; rosy, pinkish purple, very large, with 
 a strong scent of sweet rhubarb. Blooms in spring and 
 lasts long in perfection. Should be grown in a basket. 
 We have seen this plant with hundreds of flowers, and 
 no finer sight could be wished. 
 
 Dendrobium macranthum giganteum . . War. Orch., 26. 
 Flowers five or six inches in diameter, rosy, with purple 
 eye. A large-growing variety. This plant is commonly 
 found under the name of Dendrobium macrophyllum, which 
 is a very different plant, and a native of Java. It is also 
 called Dendrobium superbum. The variety Dayanum is 
 Dendrobium anosmum. 
 
 Dendrobium macranthum Huttoni. 
 
 A magnificent and very rare variety, with pure white 
 sepals and petals, and deep purple lip. 
 
 Dendrobium macrophyllum. Java . . . B. M., 5649. 
 
 A distinct species with clavate stems bearing three or 
 
 four leaves. Racemes of flowers erect; sepals yellow 
 
 shaded with green ; petals white ; lip yellowish green, 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 2$? 
 
 streaked with purple. Also known as Dendrobium Veitch- 
 ianum. The plant usually grown as Dendrobium mac- 
 rophyllum, is Dendrobium macranthum. 
 
 Dendrobium moniliforme. Japan . . . . B. M., 5482. 
 
 SYN. Dendrobium japonicum. 
 
 A species growing about a foot high, with pure white, 
 fragrant flowers, with purple spots on the lip. A cool 
 house plant. The plant usually grown under this name 
 is Dendrobium Linawianum. 
 
 A. Dendrobium moschatum. Pegu . M. B., 241. 
 SYN. Epidendrum moschatum. B. M., 3837. 
 
 Maund, Bot., i, 37. 
 
 Flowers orange-yellow, marked with creamy white ; lip 
 yellow, with rich crimson rays or chocolate. Grow as 
 Dendrobium Calceolaria, with which it is often con- 
 founded. 
 
 A. Dendrobium nobile. China . . . Pax. Mag., 7. 7. 
 
 Sert. O., tab. 3. 
 
 B. M., 5003, z'ar. 
 
 Sepals and petals rosy white, with purple tips ; lip 
 white or yellowish, with large crimson spot in the centre ; 
 margined with lilac. Blooms in winter and spring. Grow 
 in pot or basket, in moss or peat, or on a block. This is 
 one of the most useful plants for winter decoration and 
 for cutting. It is of easy culture and makes fine spec- 
 imens. There are many varieties, which differ in mode 
 of growth, size, and color of flower. The best are 
 Dendrobium pendulum, majus, and intermedium. 
 
258 ORCHIDS. 
 
 B. Dendrobium nodatum. Moulmein. Fl. des Ser., 1582. 
 
 B. M., 5470. 
 
 Flowers primrose, with orange lip marked with purple. 
 A very pretty but not a free-blooming species, though very 
 easy to grow. 
 
 B. Dendrobium Palpebrcs. Moulmein. 
 
 A species somewhat resembling Dendrobium densi- 
 florum in habit. Flowers white, with deep yellow stain 
 at base of the velvety lip, which is fringed at the base 
 with long hairs. 
 
 A. Dendrobium Parishii. Moulmein. B. M., 5488. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 126. 
 
 Jen. Orch., 39. 
 
 A dwarf plant with thick drooping stems. Flowers two 
 together, dark purple and rose. Blooms in summer. A 
 handsome, free-growing plant. We find basket culture 
 suits it best. 
 
 B. Dendrobium Paxtonii. Khasya . Pax. Mag., 6, 169. 
 Flowers orange-yellow ; lip with dark spot at the base, 
 
 and fringed. Blooms at different seasons on a spike from 
 near the top of the old bulb. Treat as Dendrobium no- 
 bile. Differs from D. chrysanthum in having petals ser- 
 rated and surface and margin of lip hairy. 
 
 B. Dendrobium Pierardii. East Indies. Hook. Ex., 9. 
 SYN. Dendrobium cucuttatum. Lodd. Cab., 750. 
 
 B. M., 2584. 
 B. R., 1756. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 259 
 
 Flowers rosy white ; lip yellowish. Treat as Dendro- 
 bium macranthum. Flowers in winter and spring. 
 
 Dendrobium Pierardii latifolium. 
 
 Flowers twice as large as the species, in April and 
 May. 
 
 A. Dendrobium primulinum. India. 
 
 A free-growing, deciduous, pendulous species. Flowers 
 white and pink, very delicate, in two rows along the stem, 
 in spring. Grow in basket. 
 
 Dendrobium primulinum giganteum. 
 
 A variety with larger flowers and stouter growth. 
 
 B. Dendrobium pulchellum. Sylhet. Maund, Bot, i, 5. 
 
 Lodd. Cab., 1935. 
 
 B. M., 5037. 
 
 Sepals white, marked with yellowish green ; petals rosy ; 
 lip beautifully fringed, with an orange blotch in the cen- 
 tre. Flowers show in February or March, after the 
 leaves have fallen. A free bloomer. 
 
 Dendrobium pulchellum purpureum. 
 
 Only differs from the species in the spot on the lip 
 being purple. These plants do best on blocks, without 
 any moss. 
 
 B. Dendrobium Ruckeri. Manila . . B. R., 1843, 60. 
 Perianth beautiful nankeen-yellow, almost white out- 
 side ; lip deep orange, bordered with white. 
 
 B. Dendrobium sanguinolentum. India . B. R., 1843, 6. 
 The bulbs and leaves are violet-colored ; the flowers 
 
26O ORCHIDS. 
 
 are produced from the ends of the old bulbs for years ; 
 sepals and petals fawn color, tipped with deep violet, and 
 a scarlet spot in the middle. Blooms during the summer 
 and autumn. Grow in pot or basket, with moss or peat. 
 Dendrobium sanguinolentum superbum has larger creamy- 
 white flowers, tipped with dark purple. 
 
 Dendrobium Schroderi. See Dendrobium densiflorum. 
 
 C. Dendrobium secundum. Malacca . . B. R., 1291. 
 
 B. M, 4352. 
 Sert. Bot, 7. 
 A pretty little pink-flowered species. 
 
 A. Dendrobium senile. Moulmein . B. M., 5520. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 147. 
 
 A very small grower; stems and leaves all covered 
 with white hairs ; flowers large, in pairs, bright yellow. 
 Grow on a block. A very curious and pretty plant. 
 
 C. Dendrobium spetiosum. New South Wales. 
 
 B. M., 3074. 
 B. R., 1610. 
 
 A common plant of easy culture \ flowers from ends of 
 pseudo-bulbs in erect spikes, yellowish white. Does well 
 in a cool house. Pot culture. 
 
 B. Dendrobium sulcatum. Khasya . . B. R., 1838, 65. 
 Resembles Dendrobium densiflorum. 
 
 Flowers yellow in racemes from near the top of the 
 flat furrowed pseudo-bulbs. Pot culture. 
 
 Dendrobium superbum. See Dendrobium macranthum. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 26 1 
 
 B. Dendrobium Tattonianum. Australia . B. M., 5537. 
 A little plant, only growing a few inches high, with 
 long flower-stem ; flowers yellowish white, with blush 
 lip. Pot culture. 
 
 A. Dendrobium taiirinum. India . B. R., 1843, 2 &- 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 1904. 
 Pax. Mag., 10, 217. 
 
 A tall species ; sepals pure white ; petals reddish 
 brown ; lip violet-white. Pot culture. 
 
 B. Dendrobium tetragonum. Moreton Bay. B. M., 5956. 
 A remarkable plant, with long pendent stems, pro- 
 ducing from the apex a single flower ; sepals and petals 
 greenish white ; lip white, with crimson marks. Block 
 culture. 
 
 Dendrobium thyrsiflorum. Moulmein. 
 
 Allied to Dendrobium densiftorum. Flowers white and 
 yellow, in dense clusters. Pot culture. 
 
 B. Dendrobium tortile. Java B. M., 4477. 
 
 Blooms like Dendrobium nobile, and requires the same 
 treatment. Flowers pale yellow, almost white, produced 
 in May and June. 
 
 Dendrobium tortile roseum. 
 
 White flowers, shaded with rose, very handsome. Bas- 
 ket or pot culture. 
 
 B. Dendrobium transparens. India . . B. M., 4663. 
 
 Pax. Fl. G., 27. 
 Lem. Jard., 68. 
 
262 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Blooms in the same way as Dendrobium nobile. Flowers 
 pale, transparent, pinkish lilac, with blotch of deep crim- 
 son in the middle of the lip. Blooms in June and July. 
 Grow in a pot, with peat and moss ; it also does well on 
 a block. 
 
 B. Dendrobium triadenium. India . . . B. M., 5285. 
 
 B. R., 33, i. 
 
 Flowers pink and white, produced on a small spike, 
 from the side of the old bulb, in panicles of ten or twelve, 
 at different seasons. Grow in pot, with peat. 
 
 Dendrobium Veitchianum. See Dendrobium macrophyllum. 
 
 B. Dendrobium Wallichianum. India. 
 
 This species resembles Dendrobium nobile, but has taller 
 bulbs, darker foliage, ayd richer-colored flowers. Blooms 
 at the same time, and requires similar treatment. By 
 some it is considered only a variety of that species, and 
 by others as the same as Dendrobium cozrulescens. 
 
 Dendrobium Wardianum. Assam . Jen. Orch., 2. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 19. 
 
 A rare plant, with long, pendulous, knobby stems ; 
 flowers three inches in diameter, white and purple ; lip 
 rich orange, white, and crimson. 
 
 Should be grown in a basket. With us it blooms 
 freely, and lasts long in beauty. One of the finest of 
 Dendrobiums. 
 
 B. Dendrobium Williamsoni. Assam. 
 
 An upright grower. Flowers large, ivory-white, with 
 large blood-red spot in centre of lip. Pot culture. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 263 
 
 B. Dendrobium xanthophkbium. Moulmein. 
 
 SYN. Dendrobium marginatum. Bat. 2d Cen., 105. 
 Flowers in pairs on old stems ; sepals and petals 
 white ; lip spotted with orange, bordered with white. 
 Block or pot culture. 
 
 The following are species : 
 Dendrobium aciculare. 
 D. album. See Camaridium. 
 D. czmuhim. B. M., 2906. 
 D. amplum. Lindley. Pax. Mag., 7, 1 2 1. 
 D. aqueum. B. R., 29, 54 ; B. M., 4640. 
 D. brcvifolium. 
 D. calamiforme. 
 D. caniculatum. 
 D. compressum. B. R., 30, 53. 
 D. cupreum. B. R., 1779. 
 D. cucumerinum. B. R., 59, 37 ; B. M., 4619 ; Lem. Jard., 
 
 358. 
 
 D. denudans. 
 
 D. discolor. B. R., 27, 52. 
 D. elongatum. 
 D. herbaceum. 
 
 D. lingua 'forme. Hook. Ex., n. 
 D. longicornu. B. R., 1315. 
 D. macrostachium. B. R., 1865. 
 D. plicatile. 
 D. revolutum. 
 D. feres. 
 D. undulatum. 
 D. vaginatum. 
 
 This family, entirely from the East Indies, is one of the 
 most beautiful of orchidaceous plants. The species with 
 
264 ORCHIDS. 
 
 long stiff bulbs are best grown in pots, well drained, in 
 peat; moss, charcoal, and potsherds ; they should gen- 
 erally have large pots. 
 
 The species with drooping bulbs should be grown in 
 baskets in moss or peat. 
 
 Those with short bulbs should be grown on blocks, 
 with moss during the growing season, but bare when at 
 rest. 
 
 To flower these plants well, they must have a good 
 season of rest and growth. 
 
 They should be grown in the East Indian house, with 
 plenty of heat and moisture, and water at the roots dur- 
 ing growth ; the moss or peat should then never be 
 allowed to dry. After they have finished growing, give 
 them a good season of rest, moving them into a cooler 
 house, and only give water enough to keep the bulbs from 
 shriveling. They generally grow after the flowers have 
 faded. The plants are propagated by division or from 
 plants which form on the old pseudo-bulbs, as we have 
 described in the chapter on propagation. If these plants 
 are kept growing they will give plenty of shoots but few 
 flowers. 
 
 Of all the many Dendrobiums, and new species are dis- 
 covered each year, there is hardly one which is not worth 
 growing, though some are not very showy. 
 
 Dendrochilum. Blume. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from SevSpov, a tree, and x e *^*> a Hp 
 B. Dendrochilum filiforme. Manilla. 
 
 A pretty, low-growing plant, with neat foliage, and 
 graceful, drooping, yellowish flowers, in summer. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 26$ 
 
 A. Dendrochilum glumaceum. Philippines. 
 
 B. M., 4853. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 134. 
 
 A very elegant plant, and one of the most graceful of 
 Orchids, of neat habit, so that when out of bloom the 
 foliage is attractive. The flowers are in close drooping 
 spikes, coming out of the young foliage, whitish and deli- 
 ciously fragrant. Blooms in February and lasts long in 
 beauty. We consider this plant one of the most desira- 
 ble of Orchids. Our specimen plant is a foot in diame- 
 ter, and is a mass of graceful pendent spikes. 
 
 Other varieties are, Dendrobium aurantiacum, longifo- 
 lium, latifolium, oculatum, and pallicliflavens, all natives of 
 the East Indies. 
 
 These plants require plenty of water when in growth, 
 less when at rest, but must never be dry the pseudo-bulbs 
 are small, and if allowed to shrivel the plants would be 
 lost. All the species should be grown in pots in rather 
 strong soil, peat and moss, with a preponderance of the 
 former, and good drainage. They require the warmest 
 house. 
 
 The following genera are to be recommended to those 
 desiring a great variety : 
 
 Dichcea. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from 5lxn> in two, alluding to arrangement of the leaves. 
 Dichosa dubia. D. graminoides. 
 
 D. glauca. D. ochracea. 
 
266 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Dicrypta. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from 5/s, double, and KpvTrTu, to conceal, alluding to structure 
 of the pollinia. 
 
 Dicrypta crassifolia. D. discolor. 
 
 D. bicolor. D. iridifolia. 
 
 Dienia. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from Si's, two, and rivia, a strap, alluding to attachment ofpollen 
 
 masses. 
 Dienia cordata. 
 
 Dinema. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from Sis, two, and va>, to spin, alluding to the two thread-like 
 
 horns of the column. 
 Dinema paleaceum. Lindley. 
 D. polybulbon. Lindley. B. M., 4067. 
 
 Dipodium. Brown. Terrestrial. 
 
 Name from Sis, two, and irovs, a foot, referring to the threads of the 
 
 pollinia. 
 
 Dipodinm pnnctatum. B. R., 23, 1980. Maund, Bot., 2,66. 
 D.flavum. See Cyrtoperaflava. 
 
 Disa. Bergius. Terrestrial. 
 
 Origin of name unknown. 
 
 A. Disa grandiflora. Cape Pes., 18. 
 
 B. M., 4073. Sert. Bot, 7. 
 
 Sert. O., 49. Jen. Orch., 40. 
 
 F. M., 69, 223. B. R., 926. 
 
 Large flowers, of deep scarlet crimson ; petals tipped 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 267 
 
 with white and green, pale yellow inside. The soil for 
 this plant should be rich fibrous peat and loam. It 
 should have but little heat, and never be allowed to dry 
 off. We have treated more fully of this plant in the early 
 part of this book. The great trouble in its culture ap- 
 pears to be want of water j if there is good drainage it 
 can hardly have too much water. It does not need much 
 heat, and should be grown with a good circulation of air, 
 and not full sun. 
 
 Disa grandiflora superba is a very showy variety, figured 
 in Warner's Orchids, 36. 
 
 The genus is a large one, exclusively South African 
 and Abyssinian. Some of the species are attractive, 
 many having rosy flowers, while in others there is a 
 charming mixture of blue, white, green, and purple. 
 
 Disa Barelli, figured in F. M., 2, 104, is a showy 
 species. Other species are Disa bracteata, B. R., 324; 
 D. cormcta, B. M., 4091 ; D. prasinata, B. R., 210 ; D. pul- 
 chella, scutellifera, fasciata, melaleuca, and spathulata. 
 
 Drymoda. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from Spvpds, a forest. 
 
 This genus contains the smallest Orchids ; the pseudo- 
 bulbs are less than an inch in diameter, and the whole 
 plant is infinitesimal. 
 
 Drymoda picta. Moulmein Sert. O., 8. 
 
 B. M., 5904. 
 
 Foliage none ; flowers in long scapes from the minute 
 
268 ORCHIDS. 
 
 bulbs ; very bright purple and white. Very curious. Grow 
 on a block in East Indian house. 
 
 E. 
 
 Epidendrum. Linnceus. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from tiri, upon, and Stvopov, a tree. 
 C. Epidendrum aeriforme. Rio Janeiro. 
 
 Perianth green, tinted with brown ; lip white or rosy 
 flesh color ; flowers in a panicle. 
 
 C. Epidendrum alatum. Guatemala . . Bat., 18. 
 
 B. R, 33, 53- 
 
 Perianth greenish yellow ; lip marked with purple. 
 There are many varieties, of which majus is the best. 
 
 Epidendrum aloefolium. An old name of Cymbidium. 
 See B. M., u, 387. 
 
 B. Epidendrum alifolium. Guatemala . . . Bat., 25. 
 A pendulous species, with narrow, pointed leaves; 
 
 flowers large, greenish yellow and brown, with pure white 
 lip, produced during the summer. Grow in a basket in 
 moss. 
 
 Epidendrum amabile. See Epidendrum dichromum. 
 
 C. Epidendrum asperum. Mexico. 
 
 Perianth brownish yellow ; lip yellow, veined with red. 
 
 Epidendrum atropurpureum. See Epidendrum macrochi- 
 lum. 
 
 B. Epidendrum aurantiacum. Guatemala . . Bat, 12. 
 This species nearly resembles, in its bulbs and growth, 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 26$ 
 
 Cattkya Skinnerii ; the flowers, which are bright orange, 
 with crimson stripes on the lip, are produced from a 
 sheath at the top of the bulb in March, April, and May. 
 There is a variety which never expands its flowers, and 
 another of which the color is very dark. 
 
 A. Epidendrum bicornutum. Trinidad. Pax. Mag., 5, 245. 
 
 B. M., 3332- 
 Jen. Orch., 21. 
 
 Flowers large, white, and very fragrant ; blooms in 
 April and May. 
 
 This is a beautiful species ; may be grown on a block 
 or in a pot. The flowers are the largest of the genus. 
 
 C. Epidendrum biforatum. Rio Janeiro. 
 
 Flower greenish, with white lip. The flowers are in 
 panicles and are very fragrant. 
 
 C. Epidendrum Boothianum. Cuba . . . B. R., 1838. 
 Flowers yellow, with brownish red transverse bands. 
 
 A. Epidendrum Brasavolce. Central America. 
 
 B. M., 5664. 
 
 A very showy plant, with large flowers ; sepals and 
 petals long, orange-yellow ; lip white, tipped with mauve ; 
 spike long, many-flowered, lasting long in beauty. Allied 
 to Epidendrum prismatocarpum, but a far handsomer 
 plant. 
 
 C. Epidendrum calocheilum. Guatemala . B. M., 3898. 
 Perianth yellow, slightly greenish, tipped with purple j 
 lip crimson, veined and edged with yellow. 
 
 Epidendrum caudatum. SYN. of Brassia caudata. 
 
2/0 ORCHIDS. 
 
 C. Epidendrum dliare. Guatemala . . Lodd. Cab., 9. 
 
 B. R, 784. 
 
 B. M., 463- 
 
 Perianth greenish yellow; lip white, cut into long 
 fringes. 
 
 Epidendtum dliare minor. 
 
 Only differs in the size of the flowers, which are more 
 fragrant. This is a common free-blooming species. 
 
 B. Epidendnim cinnabarinum. Bahia . B. R., 1842, 25. 
 Perianth cinnabar-red ; lip orange-yellow, fringed ; 
 flowers produced in panicles, in May, June, and July. 
 It differs from Epidendrum Schomburgkii in the shade of 
 the flowers, which are deeper crimson. 
 
 B. Epidendrum cnemidophorum. Guatemala. B. M., 5656. 
 Flowers light yellow and brown inside, pure white out- 
 side ; lip white, shaded with rose, deeply divided. A tall- 
 growing plant. 
 
 A. Epidendrum Cooperianum. Brazil . . B. M., 5654. 
 A tall-growing species; flowers in large terminal 
 
 racemes ; brownish yellow, with large, rose lip. 
 
 C. Epidendrum crassifolium B. M., 3543. 
 
 Flowers rose-colored, in April, May, and June. Proba- 
 bly the same as Epidendrum ellipticum. Very free- 
 blooming, indeed seldom out of bloom if the plant is 
 large. 
 
 B. Epidendrum criniferum. South America. B. M., 6094. 
 Sepals and petals yellow, spotted with rich brown; 
 
 lip white, with red marking. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 2/1 
 
 C. Epidendrum cochleatum. Guatemala. Lodd. Cab., 22. 
 
 B.M., 152, 572. 
 
 Sert. Bot, 7. 
 
 Sepals and petals long, narrow, of a greenish yellow; 
 the lip rounded in the shape of a shell, and greenish 
 white, striped with yellow and purple. 
 
 Epidendrum cochleatum majus, from Mexico, has the 
 flower and bulbs larger. A very common Orchid. 
 
 C. Epidendrum coriaceum. Demerara . . B. M., 3595* 
 The stalk bears seven or eight flowers about an inch 
 across, white, marked with deep red. 
 
 A. Epidendrum cuspidatum. Tropical America. 
 
 B. R., 783. 
 
 A very pretty plant, producing in September a five- 
 flowered spike of large white flowers, with fringed lip, 
 which scent the whole house by their fragrance. Epiden- 
 drum ciliare is often sold for this plant. The true plant 
 is very rare. The figure in the Botanical Register has 
 yellow flowers, a color the flowers assume before fading. 
 
 A. Epidendrum dichromum. Bahia . . . B. R., 1843. 
 Flowers large, perianth clear rose ; lip deep crimson ; 
 very fragrant. The flowers of this species vary much in 
 size and color. 
 
 A. Epidendrum dichromum amabile . B. M., 5491. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 112. 
 
 A very beautiful variety, with large flowers, color pink 
 or white ; lip purple. 
 
2/2 ORCHIDS. 
 
 B. Epidendrum eburneum. Panama . . . B. M., 5643. 
 A species growing two feet high. Flowers in terminal 
 spike, pure white, with large ivory lip. 
 
 B. Epidendrum erubescens. Mexico .... Bat, 32. 
 A very distinct plant, of creeping habit, making bulbs 
 
 at intervals on the woody root-stock. Flowers of two 
 shades of mauve. Grow on long blocks of wood, in a 
 cool house, with plenty of moisture. 
 
 A. Epidendrum evectum. New Granada . B. M., 5902. 
 A very fine species, of tall growth, producing from the 
 
 tops of the bulbs long dense spikes of rich, rosy purple 
 flowers, with beautifully fringed lip. The whole spike 
 much resembles an orchis, but is looser. 
 
 C. Epidendrum fragrans. Jamaica . Pax. Mag., 2, 217. 
 
 B. M., 1669. 
 Lodd. Cab., 1039. 
 
 Flowers green, lip striped with red. Only desirable 
 for its fragrance. 
 
 B. Epidendrum Frederici Guilielmi. South America. 
 
 Reich. Xen., 51. 
 I. H., 3, 48. * 
 
 A tall species, producing showy flowers. Sepals and 
 petals claret color, contrasting finely with the pure white 
 
 HP. 
 
 C. Epidendrum glumaceum. Brazil . . M. O. P., 9. 
 
 B. R., 1840, 6. 
 
 Flowers white, sepals marked with yellow and striped 
 with violet. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 273 
 
 B. Epidendrum Hanburyanum. Mexico. 
 
 Perianth purplish brown ; lip rose, with crimson veins. 
 Flowers large ; vanilla-scented. 
 
 B. Epidendrum Ibaguense. Ecuador . . . F. M., 390. 
 Flowers in rich terminal clusters, scarlet-orange, with 
 
 deep yellow lip. A winter bloomer. 
 
 C. Epidendrum ionosmum. Brazil . . B. R., 1838, 87. 
 Flowers dull red ; lip striped with lilac ; violet-scented. 
 
 C. Epidendrum lacertinum. Guatemala. Fl. des Ser., 376. 
 Perianth brilliant green ; lip tinted with purple. 
 
 C. Epidendrum lancifolium. Mexico . B. R., 1842, 50. 
 Flowers resemble those of Epidendrum cochleatum, but 
 are larger ; lip pale yellow : slightly fragrant. 
 
 A. Epidendrum macrochilum. Guatemala. 
 
 Bat, 17. 
 
 B. M., 3534. 
 
 Pes., 26. 
 
 Pax. Mag., u, 243. 
 
 Flower large ; perianth greenish brown ; lip large, pure 
 white, with purple spot at the base. Blooms from March 
 to June. Called also Epidendrum atropurpureum. 
 
 A. Epidendrum macrochilum roseum . Fl. des Ser., 372. 
 
 I. H, 541. 
 
 Perianth deep violet ; lip very large, deep rose. A very 
 
 beautiful plant. Epidendrum macrochilum atropurpureum 
 
 has dark purple lip. This species lasts three months in 
 
 bloom, is delightfully fragrant, and is the best of the family. 
 
 18 
 
274 
 
 ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. Epidendrum myrianthum. Guatemala. 
 
 B. M, 5556. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 163. 
 
 A rare plant, but very beautiful. Flowers in dense 
 branching spikes, magenta color, somewhat reminding us 
 of the lilac, but far more beautiful. 
 
 A. Epidendrum nemorale. Mexico. Bat. 2d Cen., 135. 
 
 B.R., 1844,51. 
 B. M., 4606. 
 Pax. Mag., 13, 101. 
 all as verrucosum. 
 
 A very desirable species. Pseudo-bulbs about four 
 inches long, with long drooping panicles of rosy flowers ; 
 lip striped with violet. 
 
 A. Epidendrum nemorale majus . . . War. Orch., 13. 
 A fine variety, with larger panicles and deeper colored 
 
 flowers. This is a very graceful plant. 
 
 B. Epidendrum oncidioides. Central America. 
 
 B. R., 1623. 
 
 Flowers very fragrant ; perianth deep yellow and brown ; 
 lip deep yellow. Bears some resemblance to Onddium 
 luridum. 
 
 B. Epidendrum paniculatum. Peru . . . B. M., 5731. 
 Stems three feet high. Flowers in large drooping pan- 
 icle, branched, pale rose-color. 
 
 C. Epidendrum papillosum. Oaxaca . . B. M., 3631. 
 Flowers large, greenish yellow ; lip white, with three 
 
 deep violet stripes. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 2?$ 
 
 B. Epidendrum phoeniceum. Cuba. Pax. Mag., 9, 87. 
 
 Sert. O., 46. 
 Fl. des Ser., 47, 306. 
 
 Perianth rich violet-purple; lip large, pale rose, with 
 carmine markings. Blooms during the summer. 
 
 A. Epidendrum prismatocarpum. Central America. 
 
 Reich. Xen,, 123. 
 B. M, 5336. 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 109. 
 War. Orch., 9. 
 
 A very remarkable plant, of free growth and easy cul- 
 ture, soon forming a fine specimen. Foliage clear green. 
 Flowers in close spikes of five to fifteen, greenish yellow, 
 with blackish spots; lip pinkish or white, marked with 
 crimson. This plant is somewhat difficult to bloom ; it 
 seems to require more heat than most species. There 
 are many varieties, a large proportion not worth growing. 
 A specimen plant of this species in our collection, im- 
 ported from England at a cost of many guineas, proves 
 utterly worthless on blooming. It is not safe to buy this 
 species without seeing the flower. 
 
 C. Epidendrum radiatum. Mexico . . B. R., 1844, 45. 
 
 The flowers resemble Epidendrum cochkatum in form : 
 are of a pale green, with rays of deep purple on the lip, 
 and have a strong cinnamon perfume. 
 
 C. Epidendrum raniferum. Mexico . B. R., 28, 42. 
 
 Perianth greenish yellow, marked with brown ; the lip 
 has a swelling at its base shaped like a frog. 
 
2/6 ORCHIDS. 
 
 B. Epidendrum rhizophorum. Gautemala . B. R., 1840. 
 Resembles Epidendrum dnnabarinum. This plant is a 
 half climber, growing many feet high. The flowers last 
 long in beauty. 
 
 B. Epidendrum roseum. Bahia .... Portf., tab. 2. 
 Flowers large, rose ; lip with a large purple spot, edged 
 with v/hite. 
 
 B. Epidendrum Schomburgkii. Guiana. 
 
 Maund, Bot., 165. 
 
 B. R., 34, 23. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 10, 121. 
 
 Flowers resemble Epidendrum cinnabarinum, but are 
 distinguished by numerous brown spots on the stalk. 
 Flowers scarlet \ deep orange lip, fringed. 
 
 C. Epidendrum selligerum. Mexico. 
 Flower inconspicuous, but tuberose scented. 
 
 A. Epidendrum Skinnerii. Guatemala. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 15, i. 
 
 B. M., 3951, 4094. 
 
 B. R., 1870-1881. 
 
 Flowers a beautiful rose. Generally known as Bar- 
 keria Skinneri, which see. 
 
 A. Epidendrum Stamfordianum. Guatemala. 
 
 Bat, n. 
 
 B. M., 4759. 
 
 Lem. Jard., 251. 
 
 Flowers greenish yellow, spotted with brownish pur- 
 ple, produced very abundantly in April and May. This 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 
 
 plant should be treated like a Cattleya, only it needs 
 more moisture. 
 
 There are two varieties, differing in the shades of the 
 flowers and in shape of the pseudo-bulbs. This plant 
 produces its flowers on a spike from the base of the bulb. 
 
 B. Epidendrum syringothyrsus. Peru . . B. M., 6145. 
 Flowers in branching panicles ; light purple ; lip white 
 
 and pink. 
 
 C. Epidendrum tessellatum. Guatemala . B. M., 3638. 
 Perianth greenish yellow outside, brown inside, regu- 
 larly marked with a darker shade, like a checker-board ; 
 lip plentifully striped with purple. 
 
 Epidendrum verrucosum. 
 
 An old West Indian species of which the name was by 
 mistake given to Epidendrum nemorale. The true verru- 
 cosum is figured in Lodd. Cab., 1084. 
 
 A. Epidendrum vitellinum. Mexico . I. H., 4. 
 
 M. O. P., i. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 11,49- 
 
 B. M., 4107. 
 
 B. R., 26, 35. 
 
 Sert. O., 45- 
 
 Flowers orange, with brilliant yellow lip. Blooms dur- 
 ing the winter. 
 
 Epidendrum vitellinum ma/us . . . . F. M., 261. 
 
 Jen. Orch., 31. 
 
 Differs from the species in having larger flowers and 
 sometimes blooming during the summer. This species 
 needs a cool house. 
 
2/8 ORCHIDS. 
 
 The following are additional species : 
 Epidendrum amulum. B. R., 1898. 
 E. altissimum. 
 
 E. ambiguum. I. H., 606 ; M. O. P., 5. 
 E. anceps. Lodd. Cab., 887. 
 E. angustifolium. Schwartz. 
 E. Arbuscula. 
 
 E. anneniacum. B. R., 1867. 
 E. aromaticum. Bat., 10 ; Ref. Bot, 89. 
 E. articulatum. 
 E. aitritum. 
 
 E. bifidum. B. R., 1879. 
 E. bractescens. 
 E. Candollei. 
 
 E. Catillus. I. H., 3, 162. 
 E. cepifonne. B. M., 3765. 
 E. clavatum. B. R., 1870. 
 
 E. conopseum* B. M., 3457. The Florida species. 
 E. conspicuum. I. H., 592. 
 E. cucullatum. B. M., 543. 
 E. densiflortim. B. M., 3791. 
 E. elongatum. B. M., 61 1 ; Lodd. Cab., 986. 
 E. falcatum. 
 E. ferruginetim. 
 E. floribundum. B. M., 3637. 
 
 E. fuscatum. B. R., 67 ; Lodd. Cab., 472 ; B. M., 2844. 
 E. gracile. B. R., 1765. 
 E. Grahami. B. M., 3885. 
 E. glutinosum. 
 
 E. HarrissonicE. B. M., 3209. 
 E. imbricatum. Lindley. 
 E. inversum. 
 E. latilabrum. 
 E. lentiginosum. 
 E. longicolle. B. M., 4165. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 2/9 
 
 E. macrostachyum. Lindley. 
 
 E. nocturnum. Lodd. Cab., 713 ; B. M., 3298; B. R., 1961. 
 
 E. nutans. B. R., i, 17 ; Lodd. Cab., 645 ; Maund, Bot, 226. 
 
 E. ochraceum. B. R., 24, 26 ; M. O. P., 2. 
 
 E. odoratissimum. B. R., 1415. 
 
 E. pachyanthuni. 
 
 E. pallidiflorum. B. M., 2980. 
 
 E. pictum. 
 
 E. plicalum. M. O. P., 4. 
 
 E. polyanthum. Bat., 34. 
 
 E. pseudepidendrum. B. M., 5929. 
 
 E. pterocarpum. M. O. P., 3 ; B. R., 30, 34. 
 
 E. punctatum. Linn. 
 
 E. pyriforme. M. O. P., 7. 
 
 E. stenophyllum. 
 
 E. tigrinum. 
 
 E. tripunctatum. Lindley. 
 
 E. umbellatum. B. R., 80 ; B. M., 2030 ; Lodd. Cab., 26. 
 
 E. variegatum. B. M., 3151 ; B. R., 25, II ; M. O. P., 8. 
 
 E. virgatum. 
 
 E. viviparum. 
 
 Most of the Epidendrums we have described are ever- 
 green and compact in their habit. Epidendrum cinnaba- 
 rinum, E. crassifolium, E. cnemidophorum, E. panicidatum, 
 and others, are tall-growing, with long, slender bulbs, 
 with leaves from top to bottom. E. aurantiacum, E. bi- 
 cornutum, and E. Stamfordianum resemble Cattleyas in 
 their growth, having two or three short leaves on the top 
 of an upright bulb. 
 
 Most of the others have short, round bulbs, with long, 
 narrow leaves. They usually produce their flowers from 
 the top of the bulb ; in E. Stamfordianum they rise from 
 the bottom. They should be grown in the Mexican 
 
280 ORCHIDS. 
 
 house, on blocks of wood, or in pots, in peat. They 
 should be treated as Cattleyas, but with less heat. Prop- 
 agated by division. 
 
 Many plants were formerly known as Epidendrums 
 which belong to totally different genera. It was formerly 
 the custom to call every unknown Orchid an Epidendrum. 
 Botanists seem to have adopted the meaning of the name, 
 and everything " growing on a tree " was referred to this 
 genus. 
 
 Epiphora. 
 See Polystachya. 
 
 Epistephium. Lindley. Terrestrial. 
 
 Name from eV/, upon, and ffreQwos, a garland. 
 Epistephium Williamsii. Bahia . . B. M., 5485. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 103. 
 
 A very pretty plant bearing reedy stems, from the top 
 of which are produced the showy flowers ; petals purple- 
 red ; lip white, margined with red. 
 
 This genus is closely allied to Sobralia. The plants 
 should be grown in rich, peaty loam, well drained, and 
 have plenty of water. 
 
 Eria. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from epiov, wool, alluding to wooliness of the flower. 
 These are not showy plants; the following are the 
 best : 
 
 Eria bractescens. B. R., 30, 29. 
 E. bipunctata. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 28 1 
 
 E. cochleata. 
 
 E. convallar aides. B. R., 27, 62 ; 33, 63. 
 
 E. densiflora. 
 
 E. ferruginea. B. R., 25, 35. 
 
 E. multiflora. 
 
 E. obesa. B. M., 5391. 
 
 E. paniculata. 
 
 E. pubescens. See Polystachya. 
 
 E. vestita. B. R., 31, 2 ; B. M., 5807. 
 
 Eria stellata B. R., .9041. 
 
 B. M., 3605. 
 
 This is a pretty plant with tall spikes of yellowish-white 
 very fragrant flowers. Blooms freely with us every Jan- 
 uary, and is worth growing where there is room. 
 
 All the species are East Indian plants, and require the 
 hottest house. Grow in pots, in peat and moss, and water 
 freely when in growth. 
 
 Eriopsis. Lindley. Terrestrial. 
 
 Name from Eria, and 6^ is, resemblance. 
 
 Eriopsis biloba. South America . . . Pes., 20. 
 
 B. R., 33, 18. 
 
 A small Orchid with dark green foliage, and spikes of 
 flowers from the base of the pseudo-bulb ; sepals and 
 petals yellow and orange ; lip whitish orange and brown. 
 
 Eriopsis rutidobulbon. New Granada . . B. M., 4437. 
 Flowers purplish yellow. 
 
 Grow in a pot with peat, and plenty of light and water. 
 Increase by division. 
 
282 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Eulophia. Brown. Terrestrial. 
 
 Name from euAo'^os, a handsome crest. 
 
 There is nothing interesting to amateurs in this genus. 
 The following are species : 
 Eulophia euglossa. B. M., 5561. 
 E. gracilis. B. R., 742; Lodd. Cab., 1178, is referred to 
 
 Galeandra. 
 
 E. lurida. B. R., 1821. 
 E. streptopetala. B. M., 2931 ; B. R., 1002. 
 E. virens. B. M., 5579. 
 
 Many plants formerly called Eulophia are now referred 
 to Zygopetalum. 
 
 F. 
 
 Pernandezia. Ruiz and Pavon. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name for George Garcias Fernandez, a Spanish botanist. 
 The flowers of these plants appear in the axils of the 
 leaves, and are small and without beauty. 
 Fernandezia acuta. B. R. 1806. 
 F. elegans. Lodd. Cab., 1214. 
 
 Fieldia. 
 A name proposed for Vanda gigantea, and Batemani 
 
DESCRIPTIVE Li ST. 283 
 
 G. 
 
 Galeandra. Lindley. Terrestrial. 
 
 From galea, a helmet, and avr)p, an anther. 
 
 B. Galeandra Baueri. Guiana . . Pax. Mag., 14, 49. 
 
 B. R., 1840, 49. 
 Bat, 19. 
 B. M., 4701. 
 
 Perianth greenish brown ; lip deep purple. Blooms in 
 June, July, and August on a drooping spike. 
 
 B. Galeandra Blanchetti. Bahia. 
 
 Perianth greenish brown ; lip rose outside, white inside, 
 bordered with purple-violet. 
 
 B. Galeandra cristata. Cayenne. 
 
 The flowers resemble Galeandra Devoniana, but are 
 smaller and not so highly colored. 
 
 A. Galeandra Devoniana. Rio Negro. Bat. 2d Cen., 152. 
 
 War. Orch., 37. 
 
 Sert. O, 37. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 8, 145. 
 
 I. H, 176. 
 
 B. M., 4610. 
 
 This species is epiphytal. Perianth orange-brown ; lip 
 large, curiously marked and striped with deep purple, on 
 a ground of lilac, white, and yellow. Blooms in April 
 and May. 
 
 The terrestrial species should be treated like Bletias, 
 
 the bulbs being kept nearly dry during the resting season. 
 
 Galeandra Devoniana should be grown in a pot, with 
 
284 ORCHIDS. 
 
 peat, and good drainage, in the East Indian house. The 
 plants are deciduous, producing their flower-spikes <rom 
 the top of the bulb just after they have finished their 
 growth. During growth they need shade, a moist heat, 
 and plenty of water. 
 
 Galeottia. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name in honor of Galeotti. 
 C. Galeottia Beaumont i. Bahia. Lindley. 
 
 Perianth green, with brown rays ; lip drawn up into a 
 horn, white, lighted and striped with rose, edge fringed. 
 Known also as Batemannia. This plant may be grown 
 on wood or in a basket, with peat and moss. See also 
 Batemannia. 
 
 Gomezia. 
 An old name of Rodriguezia. 
 
 Gongora. Ruiz and Pavon. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name in honor of Antonio Gongora, Viceroy of New Granada. 
 C. Gongora atropurpurea. Demerara. Hook. Ex., 178. 
 
 B. M., 3220. 
 Maund, Bot, 108. 
 
 Flowers deep purple. There are many varieties, dif- 
 fering in the size of the flowers. 
 
 C. Gongora bufonia B. R., 1841, 2. 
 
 Flowers dark wine color, with brownish yellow spots ; 
 edges of petals dull yellowish white. 
 
 C. Gongora fulva. Demerara .... B. R., 25, 51. 
 
 Flowers beautiful yellow, spotted. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 285 
 
 C. Gongora leucochila. Guatemala . Fl. des Ser., i, 37. 
 
 B. R., 33, 17- 
 
 Resembles Gongora bufonia, except the lip is wholly 
 white. 
 
 C. Gongora maculata. Demerara . . Card. Mag., 73. 
 
 B. M., 3687. 
 
 B. R., 1616. 
 
 Sepals brown, spotted with purple ; petals pale purple, 
 marked with deep purple j lip green, spotted. 
 
 Gongora maculata alba. 
 
 Flowers white, spotted on the lip with rose. 
 
 C. Gongora maculata tricolor. Peru . B. R., 1847, 69. 
 Flowers clear yellow ; petals banded with sienna ; 
 sepals marked with same color \ lip white. There are 
 many varieties of Gongora maculata^ differing in the 
 shade of the spots. 
 
 C. Gongora nigrita. Demerara. 
 The flowers are very deep brown. 
 
 Gongora fortentosa. South America . . I. H., 3, 61. 
 Flowers very pretty ; sepals yellow ; petals and lip 
 purplish. 
 
 C. Gongora truncata. Mexico . . . . B. R., 31, 56. 
 Perianth creamy white ; lip yellow and white. 
 
 C. Gongora vitellina. Mexico. 
 
 Flowers brilliant yellow, slightly spotted. 
 
286 ORCHIDS. 
 
 These_ plants are all very curiously formed, the flowers 
 resembling a string of grasshoppers. They should be 
 grown in hanging baskets, in moss and peat. The flower- 
 spikes are very long, pendent, and freely produced. When 
 in growth they should be kept moist and warm, but should 
 have a long rest. Bloom during the summer. 
 
 Goody era. Brown. Terrestrial. 
 
 Dedicated to the botanist Goodyer. 
 
 A. Goodyera Dawsoniana. Malay Islands. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 1830. 
 
 Leaves blackish green, glossy above, with lines of 
 golden purple curving from base to apex; below, dull 
 purple. Flowers white, very pretty. Called also An&c- 
 tochilus. 
 
 C. Goodyera discolor. Brazil . . . Lodd. Cab., 143. 
 
 B. R., 4, 271. 
 B. M., 46, 2055. 
 
 Flowers in spikes, white and yellow, produced during 
 the winter. Foliage dark evergreen, velvety. 
 
 B. Goodyera Dominii. Hybrid. 
 Leaves velvet-bronze, with white lines. 
 
 B. Goodyera macrantha. Japan . Fl. des Ser., 1779-80. 
 Leaves dark green, bordered and lined with white; 
 flowers pink. A very pretty species. 
 
 B. Goodyera picta or maculata. 
 Leaves light green, with paler markings. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 28? 
 
 B. Goodyera rulrovenia. Brazil. 
 
 Foliage velvet-bronze, with bands of red. A pretty 
 and distinct species. 
 
 B. Goodyera Veitchii. Hybrid. 
 
 A cross between Goodyera discolor and Anczctochilus 
 Veitchii. Leaves deep reddish brown, with silver mark- 
 ings. 
 
 B. Goodyera velutina. Japan . . Fl. des Ser., 1779-80. 
 Foliage purplish green, marked with silver ; flowers 
 pink. 
 
 Grow in pots, with leaf -mould and peat, in either house. 
 Give plenty of water at the roots during growth. 
 
 There are many other species, some of which are hardy. 
 These plants are sometimes called Hcemeria. 
 
 Govenia. Lindley. Terrestrial. 
 
 Dedicated to I. R. Gowan. 
 
 B. Govenia fasciata. Mexico . . . . B. R., 1845, ^7 
 Flowers clear yellow ; petals and sepals beautifully 
 
 marked with crimson bands. 
 
 C. Govenia Gardneri. Brazil B. M., 3660. 
 
 Flowers pale yellow. Of easy culture, floriferous. 
 
 C. Govenia liliaccea. Mexico Fl. Cab., 68. 
 
 B. R., 24, 13. 
 
 Flowers sulphur-white, striped with reddish purple. 
 The Mexican name of this plant is Iztactcfctzacuxochitl 
 icohucyo. 
 
288 ORCHIDS. 
 
 C. Govenia superba. Mexico . . . Fl. Cab., 41. 
 
 Lodd. Cab., 1709. 
 
 B. R., 1795. 
 
 Flowers orange, marked with blood-red, of an agree- 
 able perfume. 
 
 The plants of this genus lose their leaves and stalks 
 annually. It is well, when the stalks decay, to take up 
 the bulbs and keep them dry for three months. Plant 
 them in peat, leaf-mould, and potsherds, with good drain- 
 age, regulating water according to the degree of growth. 
 
 Grammatophyllum. Bhime. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from ypdfj.jj.a, a letter, and fyvXXov, a leaf. 
 A. Grammatophyllum Ellisii. Madagascar. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 1488. 
 B. M., 5179. 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 176. 
 
 Flowers tawny yellow, outside ; dull yellow, banded 
 with brown, inside ; lip white, marked with pink. 
 
 A. Grammatophyllum multiflorum. Philippines. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 6, 217. 
 
 B. R., 1835, 65. 
 
 Perianth beautiful brown, edged with green ; lip yel- 
 low, marked and striped with brown. 
 
 A. Grammatophyllum tigrinum. East Indies. 
 
 B. R., 28, 69. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 6, 217. 
 
 Perianth pale green, richly marked with yellowish 
 brown ; lip yellow, striped with vermilion. The flowers 
 last long in perfection. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 289 
 
 A. Grammatophyllum speciosum. East 
 
 Indies G. and S. 
 
 SYNS. Angracum scriptum Pax. Fl. G., 69. 
 
 (Rumphius). B. M., 5157. 
 
 CymUdium scriptum Lem. Jard., 235. 
 
 (Schwartz). Fl. des Ser., 1386. 
 
 Epidendrum scriptum Bat. 2d Cen., 181. 
 
 (Linn.). 
 
 Gabertia scripta (Gaudichaud). 
 
 Flowers greenish, orange-yellow, marked with brown. 
 Plant six feet high. 
 
 This genus should be grown in well-drained pots, 
 with no mixture of moss, in peat, in the East Indian 
 house. They need a hot place. Propagated by division. 
 
 Grobya. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Dedicated to Lord Grey, of Groby. 
 
 C. Grobya Amherstia. Brazil B. R., 1740. 
 
 Flowers yellowish green, marked with brown. The 
 clear color of the flowers and their profusion render the 
 plant desirable. 
 
 G. Grobya gakata. Brazil B. R., 1740. 
 
 Flowers green, marked with purple. 
 
 These plants should be grown in well-drained pots, 
 and should go to rest after flowering. 
 
 19 
 
ORCHIDS: 
 
 H. 
 
 Habenaria. Willdenow. Terrestrial. 
 
 Name from habena, a rein. 
 
 These plants were formerly a part of the genus Orchis. 
 There are many species, but none particularly desirable 
 for house culture. Many are hardy. 
 
 The following are species : 
 Habenaria gigantea. B. M., 3374. 
 H. goody er aides. B. M., 3397. 
 H. macroceras (Schwartz). B. M., 2947. 
 H. marginata. Hook. Ex., 136. 
 H* membranacea, 
 H.procera. B. R., 1858. 
 
 Hsemeria. 
 See Goodyera. 
 
 Hartwegia. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Dedicated to Mr. Hartweg. 
 
 The two species, Hartwegia purpurea and H. angnsti- 
 folia, are not desirable, except in a large collection; the 
 former, however, is a pretty little plant, with spotted foli- 
 age and long slender spikes of purplish pink flowers; 
 it takes but little space, grows freely on a block, and is 
 always in bloom. Both species are natives of Mexico. 
 Figured in Ref. Bot, 94. 
 
 Helcia. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from heldiim, a horse collar. 
 Helcia sanguinoknta. Peru . . . Reich. Xen., 2, 131. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 29 1 
 
 A handsome plant, resembling both Trichopilia and 
 Aspasia. Pseudo-bulbs small, smooth, terminated by one 
 broad leaf ; flowers in profusion on single stalks from the 
 base of the bulbs ; sepals and petals yellowish, beauti- 
 fully ocellated with reddish brown; lip large, white, 
 marked with purplish crimson. 
 
 Should be grown in the cool house, in the shade, in a 
 pot, with peat and moss. Propagated by division. 
 
 Houlletia. Brongniart. Epiphyte. 
 Dedicated to Houllet, a French gardener. 
 
 B. Houlletia Brockkhurstiana. Brazil. Pes., 36. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 9, 49. 
 
 B. M., 4072. 
 
 Sert. O., 43. 
 
 Perianth richly checkered with brown ; lip yellow, 
 marked with purple ; very fragrant. 
 
 Houlletia chrysantha. Brazil I. H., 71. 
 
 A beautiful species, with golden-yellow flowers. 
 
 Hotilktia odoratissima. New Granada . . Pes., 3. 
 
 L H., 3, 12. 
 A fine species, with orange-brown flowers and white 
 
 HP. 
 
 Houlletia odoratissima antioquiensis. 
 
 A variety with blood-red sepals and petals ; lip long, 
 white, tinged with yellow. 
 
 B. Houlletia stapeliczflora. 
 
 Differs but little from Houlletia Brockkhurstiana^ of 
 which it is probably a variety. 
 
ORCHIDS. 
 
 Houlletia tigrina. Colombia ...... I. H., 612. 
 
 Flowers yellow and brown; lip white, dotted with 
 brown, and barred with light purple. 
 
 B. Houlletia vittata. Brazil ..... B. R., 27, 69. 
 
 Perianth yellow, striped with brown ; lip yellow, striped 
 with orange. 
 
 These plants should be grown in well-drained pots, in 
 peat, and need plenty of moisture and frequent watering 
 when in full growth. During the resting season they 
 should be kept in the cold house, nearly dry. 
 
 The genus seems to be neglected by Orchid growers, 
 but for no good reason. All the species are of easy cul- 
 ture, bloom freely, and are very handsome. 
 
 Huntleya. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name for Rev. Mr. Huntley, a zealous amateur. 
 A. Huntleya albidofulva. Brazil . . . . I. H., 556. 
 A distinct and strong-growing species ; flowers very 
 large, on single scapes, from base; sepals and petals 
 white, tipped with tawny yellow ; lip white, with red tip. 
 A very showy plant. 
 
 Huntleya Candida. SYN. of Warscewicsella Candida. 
 
 A. Huntleya cerina. Costa Rica . . Fl. des Ser., 1815. 
 
 F. M., 2, 93. 
 B. M., 5598. 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 183. 
 
 Flowers straw-color and yellow in spring. A very 
 showy and desirable species. 
 
 Known also as Pescatorea and Zygopetalum. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 293 
 
 Huntleya cochlearis. See Warscewicsella. 
 Huntleya marginata. See Warrea quadrata. 
 Htmtleya Mekagris. See Batemania Meleagris. 
 
 A. Htmtleya violacea. Brazil . . . Pax. Mag., 8, i. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 678. 
 
 Sert. O., 26. 
 
 Perianth violet ; lip striped with violet, and edged with 
 delicate gray. Blooms at different seasons. 
 
 Known also as Bollea violacea and Pescatorea violacea. 
 
 B. Huntleya Wailesii. Brazil. 
 
 Flowers white and purple in the autumn. 
 
 Huntleya Wallisii. Ecuador . . Fl. des Ser., 1828, as 
 
 Pescatorea. 
 
 A fine species, resembling Huntleya cerina, but with 
 larger flowers. 
 
 Sepals and petals cream-color, tipped with violet ; base 
 of column dark violet. 
 
 These plants have no pseudo-bulbs ; the foliage is 
 evergreen, the blossoms large. They should be grown in 
 pots in peat, well-drained ; should have but a short sea- 
 son of rest ; should be kept in the shade ; in growth 
 have a liberal supply of moisture, and of water at the 
 roots, and should never be allowed to be wholly dry. The 
 flowers are fragrant. 
 
294 ORCHIDS. 
 
 I. 
 
 lonopsis. Humboldt and Knnz. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from tov, a violet, and ftyts, resemblance. 
 lonopsis paniculata. Brazil . . . B. M., 5541. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 184. 
 
 A plant of delicate growth, with small leaves and 
 pseudo-bulbs. The flower spikes are large, the flowers 
 vary much in color, from pure white to yellowish white, 
 and are often marked with blush and violet. It is a very 
 free bloomer, and will exhaust itself if some of the flowers 
 are not removed. The flowers are shaped like a violet. 
 Grow upon a block, with moss, in a cool house, near the 
 glass. 
 
 lonopsis tenera B. R., 1904. 
 
 Is same as the last. 
 
 lonopsis utrkuloides, or Gardneriana . . Hook. Ex., 39. 
 lonopsis rosea is a variety of lonopsis paniculata. 
 
 Ipsea. Lindley. Terrestrial. 
 
 Name unexplained. 
 
 Ipsea spedosa. Ceylon B. M., 5701. 
 
 A charming and rare plant, with very large, bright, 
 golden flowers ; lip streaked with carmine. Resembles 
 a Bktia in habit, and requires similar treatment. 
 
 Isochilus. Brown. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from foos, equal, and x l/ ^ oy > lip- 
 All plants of this genus are inconspicuous. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 295 
 
 Isochilus graminoides. Hook. Ex., 196. 
 /. limaris. B. R., 745. 
 /. proliferus. B. R., 825. 
 
 Lacsena. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 A name of Helen, applied because of the beauty of the plant. 
 
 B. Lacczna bicolor. Guatemala . . . B. R., 1844, 50. 
 A plant with the general aspect of a Gongora, but with 
 long pendulous racemes of large greenish white flowers, 
 with white lip, with rich purple markings. Should be 
 grown in a basket, with peat and moss. 
 
 Laelia. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 A complimentary name. 
 
 B. L&lia acuminata. Guatemala . . B. M., 4905. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 10, 49. 
 
 B. R., 1844, 24. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 9. 
 
 Perianth rosy white ; lip white, with dark purple spot. 
 Blooms in December and January. A very pretty, free- 
 growing plant, easily bloomed; does equally well in a pot 
 or on a block. The variety Z. acuminata violacea has rosy 
 violet flowers. Called in its native country Flor de Jesu. 
 
 C. Lcelia albida. Mexico B. M., 3957. 
 
 B. R., 1839, 54- 
 
 Flowers white, tinted with yellowish ; lip white, with 
 yellow markings and purple spots near base. Blooms in 
 December and January. 
 
 L<zlia albida superb a has larger flowers. 
 
296 ORCHIDS. 
 
 L&lia albida Mariana has flesh-colored petals and 
 mauve lip. 
 
 Lalia albida rosea (F. M., 335) is a charming plant 
 with delicate, rosy white flowers. 
 
 This is a beautiful winter-blooming plant, valuable for 
 its color and the delightful fragrance of the blossoms. It 
 is the best of the Lcelias to grow for cut flowers. Care 
 must be taken not to keep it too hot ; it thrives best with 
 cool culture. 
 
 A. Lalia anceps. Mexico Pax. Mag., 4, 73. 
 
 B. R., 1751. 
 B. M., 3804. 
 Jen. Orch., 6. 
 
 Perianth lilac-rose ; lip rich velvety purple outside, 
 marked with crimson and veined with yellow inside. The 
 flowers, which are produced in December and January, 
 two to five, on long stems, are three or four inches across. 
 
 B. Lalia anceps Barkeriana . . . . Fl. des Ser., noo. 
 
 B. R., 1947- 
 
 This plant differs from the last in having narrower 
 petals, and a narrower and shorter lip. 
 
 Lcelia anceps Dawsoniana . . . . Fl. Mag., 530. 
 
 War. Orch,, 2, 34. 
 
 Jen. Orch., 6. 
 
 A magnificent variety, with creamy white flowers, and 
 large purple mark on the lip. Very few plants were dis- 
 covered, and it will long be a scarce plant. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 297 
 
 Lalia anceps delicatum. 
 
 A variety producing many flowers on a stalk. Flowers 
 purplish white. 
 
 There are many other varieties, the difference being 
 merely shades of color. This is a very useful plant, 
 easily grown, free-blooming, and of neat habit. If re- 
 moved to the parlor when in bloom it will last in full 
 beauty six weeks, and the flowers, if cut, last long in 
 water. Our best plants are grown in baskets, but it does 
 well with pot culture. 
 
 A. Lcelia autumnalis. Guatemala . Pax. Mag., 6, 121. 
 SYN. Bletia autumnalis (La Bat., 9. 
 
 Llave). B. R., 1839, 27. 
 
 B. M, 3817. 
 Fl. des Ser., 17. 
 
 Perianth delicate rosy purple ; lip almost white, tipped 
 with rosy lilac ; centre not yellow. Blooms in December 
 and January, producing from five to fifteen flowers on a 
 spike. The plant bears a great resemblance to Lcelia 
 anceps, but the flowers are very different ; they have a 
 peculiar glistening vitreous appearance which is very 
 beautiful. They are fragrant, but not agreeably so. 
 
 Lcelia Boothiana. SYN. of Cattleya lobata. 
 
 A. Lcelia Brysiana. Brazil I. H., 134. 
 
 A strong-growing species, with dark evergreen foliage. 
 Flowers three or four on a spike, very large j light rose, 
 with darker markings ; lip deep crimson. A very distinct 
 plant from Lcelia purpurata, with which it is often con- 
 founded. 
 
298 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Lcelia caulescent. SYN. of Lcelia flava. 
 
 A. Lcelia rinnabarina. Rio Janeiro. Sert. O., tab. 28. 
 
 B. M., 4302. 
 Pax. Mag., 7, 193. 
 
 Sepals and petals long and narrow, of cinnamon-red ; 
 lip orange-yellow, striped with red. Blooms in March, 
 April, and May. 
 
 Lcelia cinnalarina aurantiaca. 
 
 Merely differs from the species in the shade of the 
 perianth. This is a very beautiful Orchid. The flowers 
 are graceful and of long duration, and the color remark- 
 able. 
 
 Lcelia crispa. See Cattleya crispa. 
 
 B. Lcelia crispilabia. Brazil .... War. Orch., 2, 6. 
 A delicate species, with narrow pseudo-bulbs, crowned 
 
 by a single dark green leaf, and bearing a spike of three 
 to six pretty purple flowers. Called, also, Lcelia Lawren- 
 tiana. 
 
 A. Lcelia elegans. Caracas .... Pes., 22. 
 
 I. H., 402. 
 
 B. M., 4700. 
 
 War. Orch., 6, 12. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 29, 
 
 variety. 
 
 Sepals and petals pale rosy purple, suffused with 
 lighter or darker shades ; lip brilliant purple. This is a 
 very beautiful species, varying much in color of the flow- 
 ers, but all beautiful. Known, also, as Cattleya elegans. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 299 
 
 Lalia erubescent. See Lalia rubescens. 
 
 A. Lcelia flava. Mexico B. R., 28, 62. 
 
 SYN. Lcelia caulescens. 
 
 A very pretty plant, bearing in March a piofusion of 
 bright canary-colored flowers. A desirable species, grow- 
 ing freely and always giving good bloom. 
 
 C. Lcelia furfuracea. Oaxaca . . . B. M., 3810. 
 
 B. R., 1839, 26 - 
 
 A species resembling Lcelia autumnalis, but with less 
 brilliant flowers. It differs in the leaves also, which, in- 
 stead of being two or more together, are often solitary, 
 and are erect and straight, instead of being curved and 
 bent. The scape, also, bears but one flower, which has 
 no perfume. 
 
 A. Lcelia gigantea. Brazil War. Orch., 6. 
 
 SYN. Lczlia grandiflora. 
 
 A fine species with very large flowers, delicate lilac, 
 marked with rosy purple. It is one of the most showy of 
 the Lcelias. 
 
 A. Lcelia grandis. Bahia . . . . B. M., 5553. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 136. 
 
 Perianth nankeen-yellow j lip white, striped with crim- 
 son. Flowers very large and of long duration. A sum- 
 mer bloomer. 
 
 Lcelia harpophylla. Brazil . .... . F. M., 2, 70. 
 
 A species resembling Lcelia cinnabarina. Flowers red- ' 
 dish orange ; very large ; lip peculiarly notched. 
 
300 ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. L&lia irrorata. Brazil. . . . Reich. Xen., 2, 115. 
 A very beautiful and rare species. Flowers rosy white ; 
 
 lip crimson-purple. Blooms in summer. 
 
 Lczlia Jongheana. Brazil F. M., 2, 177. 
 
 B. M., 6038. 
 
 A dwarf-growing plant, similar in habit to Cattleya bul- 
 bosa, but easily distinguished by its olive-green pseudo- 
 bulbs, which are without stripes. The flowers are also 
 borne in a different manner. Color crimson-purple ; lip 
 same color, crimped and marked with yellow. 
 
 Lcelia Lawrenceana. 
 
 A name of Lcelia crispilabia* 
 
 B. Lcelia Lindleyana. Brazil . . . Bat. 2d Cen., 175. 
 A delicate and pretty species, not very showy, but well 
 
 worth growing. Flower white, clouded with purple ; lip 
 white, with purple base. Blooms in winter, and often 
 again in autumn. Also known as Cattleya Lindleyana. 
 
 Lcelia lobata. SYN. of Cattleya lobata. 
 
 A. Lcelia majalis. Oaxaca . . . Bot., Reg. 30, 30. 
 SYN. Cattleya Grahamii (Lind- Bat., tab. 23. 
 
 ley). Pax. Mag., 12, i. 
 
 B. M., 5567. 
 Jen. Orch., 41. 
 I. H., 573. 
 
 Flowers four inches across, delicate rosy purple ; lip 
 striped and spotted with chocolate. This plant is difficult 
 to flower. The most successful cultivators grow it on a 
 block, in a well-aired cool house, and give very little 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 30! 
 
 water in winter The flower springs from the centre of 
 the new bulb. 
 
 Lalia marginata. SYN. of Cattleya marginata. 
 
 A. Lcelia peduncular is. Guatemala. . B. M., 4099. 
 
 B. R., 1845, 69- 
 
 Flowers delicate rosy purple, with a deep purple spot 
 on the centre of the lip. A very neat-growing species, 
 flowering freely in February. Our best plants are grown 
 in baskets suspended in full light. 
 
 A. Lalia Perrinii. Brazil .... Pax. Mag., 13, 5. 
 
 B. R., 1842, 62. 
 
 Perianth rosy lilac ; lip delicate purple, white, and yel- 
 low, with crimson tip. The plant grows and blooms like 
 a Cattleya. The flowers are large, procured in October 
 and November. A beautiful species. 
 
 B. Lczlia Pilcheri. Hybrid F. M., 340. 
 
 A cross between Lalia Perrinii and Cattleya crispa. 
 Sepals and petals rose \ lip purple, with white throat. 
 
 A. Lalia prastans. Brazil . . . Fl. des Ser., 1900. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 128. 
 I. H., 193, 
 
 as Cattleya pumila. 
 B. M, 5498. 
 
 A dwarf free-blooming species, producing its solitary 
 flowers twice a year. Flowers lilac-rose, with deep crim- 
 son-purple lip. Grow on a block or in a basket. 
 
 Lalia pumila. SYN. of Cattleya pumila. 
 
3O2 ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. Lcelia purpurata. Brazil . Pes., 37. 
 
 I. H., 83. 
 
 War. Orch., 40. 
 
 Pax. Fl. G., 96. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 1138, 1494. 
 
 A large-growing plant, one of the most magnificent of 
 Orchids. The flowers are produced from a long spathe, 
 resembling Cattleya labiata, on a scape bearing from one 
 to six flowers, five inches in diameter, varying in color 
 from rose to pure white ; lip very large, crimson-purple, 
 but varying much in intensity. A summer bloomer, last- 
 ing long in perfection. There are many varieties, but we 
 have never seen a poor one. 
 
 B. Lcelia rubescens Fl. des Ser., 742. 
 
 B. R., 26, 41. 
 
 Perianth white, delicately tipped with green at the 
 outer edge of the segments ; lip white, with a yellow cen- 
 tre and a deep purple spot at the base. 
 
 A. Lcelia Schilleriana. Brazil. 
 
 A species resembling Lcelia elegans. Flower white, with 
 deep crimson lip. A showy plant. 
 
 Lcelia Schilleriana splmdens. 
 
 Is a very fine variety, with" large rosy blossoms ; lip 
 magenta, with yellow throat. This plant blooms twice a 
 year* 
 
 Lcelia Stelzneriana . .... . . Fl. des Ser., 1494. 
 
 Is a variety of Lcelia pyrpurata. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 303 
 
 A. Ltzlia superbiens. Guatemala . . Bat, 38. 
 
 Pax. Mag., n, 97. 
 
 B. M., 4090. 
 
 War. Orch., 20. 
 
 Perianth violet-rose, striped with deeper shades ; lip 
 rich crimson, striped with yellow. The flowers are pro- 
 duced ten to twenty on a spike, each measuring three or 
 four inches across, during the winter, on a spike four or 
 five feet long. 
 
 A. Lcelia Turneri. Brazil .... Bat. 2d Cen., 156. 
 
 War. Orch., 12. 
 
 A fine species with large highly-colored flowers, often 
 six inches across. Color deep rosy pink, with white and 
 magenta lip. 
 
 B. Lcelia violacea. Guatemala. 
 
 A species resembling Lcelia rubescens. 
 
 Lcelia Wolstenholmce. 
 
 A very distinct variety of Lcelia elegans, with light ame- 
 thyst flowers, with deep purple lip. Figured in Warner's 
 Orchids, second series, 29. 
 
 B. Lczlia xanthina. Brazil .... Bat. 2d Cen., 180. 
 
 B. M., 5144. 
 
 Flowers dull orange-yellow; lip whitish, shaded with 
 orange-red lines. 
 
 These plants require the same treatment as Cattleyas. 
 They should be grown in the Mexican house. Lcelia tin- 
 nabarina, L. flava, L. peduncularis, L. superbiens, L. Per- 
 
304 ORCHIDS. 
 
 rinii, L. purpurata, and others in well drained pots ; the 
 dwarf species on blocks. L. Perrinii requires a little 
 more heat than other species. All Lcelias like plenty of 
 light. They are of very easy culture and seldom fail to 
 bloom freely. 
 
 The genus is closely related to Cattleya, being distin- 
 guished by having eight instead of four pollinia, and 
 many species are known indiscriminately by either name. 
 Although some species are much more showy than others, 
 and many are among the most beautiful of orchidaceous 
 plants, there is not, in the whole family, a plant which is 
 not worth growing. 
 
 Lseliopsis. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from Lalia, and ttyis, resemblance. 
 
 Lceliopsis domingensis. St. Domingo . Pax. Fl. G., 105. 
 
 Card. Mag., 211. 
 Lem. Jard., 172, 
 
 as Broughtonia. 
 
 A very beautiful plant, closely allied to Cattleya. It is 
 of dwarf habit, producing the flower-spike from the top 
 of the two-leaved pseudo-bulb. The flowers are lilac, 
 with a pink crimped lip, and white throat with yellow 
 lines. 
 
 It is best grown on a block, with a little moss, with 
 plenty of heat, but rather dry when at rest. 
 
 These plants are easily grown and flower freely. Its 
 botanical place was for a while a puzzle. It is not a 
 Lcelia, because it has only four pollen masses; not a 
 Broughtonia, for it has no long external spur and dicur- 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 305 
 
 rent sepal ; not an Epidendrum, for it wants the unguicu- 
 late lip, more or less united to the column ; not a Cattleya, 
 for the flowers are membranous, the veins of the lip 
 bearded, and the habit different. So a new genus was 
 constituted to which this plant and those known as Lalia 
 Lindenii, Epidendrum cubense, and Broughtonia chinensis 
 will belong. 
 
 Lep totes. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from ACTTT 6s, slender. 
 
 B. Leptotes bicolor. Brazil B. R., 1625. 
 
 Flowers white, with purple spot on lip. Blooms in 
 
 winter. A charming little plant. 
 
 C. Leptotes bicolor glaucescens. Brazil . . B. M., 3734. 
 Only differs from the species in having glaucous leaves. 
 
 C. Leptotes concolor. 
 
 Flower white, purple shade at base of lip. 
 
 B. Leptotes serrulata. Brazil Sert. O., 1 1. 
 
 A species resembling Leptotes bicolor, but of larger 
 growth ; the spot on the lip is a deeper purple. Blooms 
 in April and May. 
 
 These plants will thrive in either house, on blocks with 
 moss, or in pots with peat. They need liberal waterings 
 in the growing season. Propagated by division. They 
 are remarkable for having the sepals and petals nearly 
 linear. They are very pretty and bloom freely. The fo- 
 liage is thick and rush-like, channeled on the upper side. 
 20 
 
306 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Limatodes. Blume. Terrestrial. 
 
 Name unexplained. 
 A. Limatodes rosea. Moulmein . . . B. M., 5312. 
 
 Pax. Fl. G., 81. 
 
 A very pretty plant, allied to* Calanthe, with long fusi- 
 form pseudo-bulbs. The flowers, which are of every 
 shade, from pure white to deepest pink, are produced on 
 a tall spike, from the base of the bulb, after the foliage 
 has died away. 
 
 This is one of the parents of the beautiful hybrid 
 Calanthe Veitchii. Blooms from December to March. 
 
 These plants require the same general treatment as 
 Calanthe vestita; to be potted in peat and leaf mould, 
 with good drainage, have plenty of water and heat during 
 growth, and a rest after flowering. 
 
 Limodorum. Tournefort. 
 
 A name formerly given to many Orchids, which are 
 now referred to other genera ; for instance : 
 
 Limodorum altum, verecundum, trifidum, and tuberosum are 
 
 Bletia verecunda. 
 
 L. eburneum is Angracum eburneum. 
 L. ensatum is Cymbidium ensifolium. 
 L.fakatum is Angrczcum fakatum. 
 L. hyacinthinum and striatum are Bletia hyacinthina. 
 L. IncarvillicE and Tankervillitz are Phajus grandifolius. 
 L. latifolium is Aerides odoratum. 
 L. longifolium is Cymbidium giganteiun. 
 L. pendulum is Cymbidium pendulum. 
 L. purpureum is Epidendrum atropurpureum. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 3O/ 
 
 L. retusum is Saccolabhim guttatum. 
 
 L. unguiculatum is Sarcochilus unguiculatus. 
 
 L. ventricosum and veratrifolium are Calanthe bicolor. 
 
 Liparis. Richard. Epiphyte and Terrestrial. 
 
 Name from \nrap6s, oily, shining. 
 
 These plants are of little intere. c t to the amateur. 
 There are some fifty varieties. We give a few. 
 
 EPIPHYTES. 
 Liparis anceps. 
 L. ccespitosa. 
 
 Z. elata. B. R., 1175 ; B. C., 1558. 
 L. longipes. Linaley. 
 L. pendula. 
 
 TERRESTRIAL 
 
 L. bituberculata. 
 
 L. elegans. 
 
 L.flavescens. 
 
 L.foliosa. B. R., 882; B. M., 2709 ; Lodd. Cab., 1097. 
 
 L. guineensis. B. R., 20, 1671. 
 
 L. nepalensis. 
 
 L. purpurescens. 
 
 L. Walkeriana. B. M., 66, 3770. 
 
 Lissochilus. Brown. Terrestrial. 
 
 Name from AtoWs, smooth, and x ^ 05 > ^P- 
 A. Lissochilus Horsfallii. Old Calabar. B. M., 5486. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 121. 
 
 A tall-growing plant, resembling Phajus grandifolius, 
 producing a tall spike of brown and white flowers, with 
 purple and green lip. 
 
3O8 ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. Lissochilus Krebsii. Natal B. M., 5861. 
 
 Sepals green, barred with chocolate ; petals bright yel- 
 low ; lip yellowish white, marked with crimson. 
 
 B. Lissochilus macranthus. Cape of Good Hope. 
 
 A. Lissochilus roseus. Sierra Leone . . B. R., 30, 12. 
 Petals brilliant rose ; sepals velvety brown ; lip yellow. 
 
 B. Lissochilus speciosus. Cape of Good Hope. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 4, 25. 
 
 B. R., 573- 
 B. Lissochilus streptopetalus. 
 
 Sepals green, marked with purple ; petals and lip egg- 
 yellow. 
 
 These plants are grown like Bletia. 
 
 Luddemannia. Reichenbach. Epiphyte. 
 
 Complimentary to M. Ludclemann. 
 B. Luddemannia Pescatorei. South America. 
 
 SYNS. Cycnoches Pescatorei. Reich. Xen., i, 70, as 
 Cycnoches Lindleyii. Acineta cryptodonta* 
 
 Pes., i, 23. 
 
 A plant much resembling Acineta Barkeri in habit, but 
 with flowers resembling a Lacczna. The flower spike is 
 pendulous, very long, producing thirty or more rather 
 small flowers, with brownish yellow sepals and clear yel- 
 low petals ; lip yellow, with green base. Culture the 
 same as Acineta, in baskets in moss and peat. A rare 
 plant. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 309 
 
 Luisia. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 Name not explained. 
 
 Luisia Psyche. Burmah B. M., 5558. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 174, 
 
 A singular plant, resembling in growth Vanda teres. 
 Flowers two or three together, on a very short spike ; 
 sepals and petals pale yellowish green ; lip dark violet 
 purple, on green ground. 
 
 There are other species, mostly with inconspicuous 
 flowers. Luisia volucris has flowers which are said to 
 resemble birds with narrow, outspread wing. They may 
 all be grown on blocks, in the hottest house. 
 
 Lycaste. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 From Lycaste, mythological. 
 
 B. Lycaste aromatica. Mexico . . . Hook Ex., 219. 
 
 B. R., 1871. 
 
 Perianth greenish yellow; lip golden yellow; very 
 fragrant and desirable. 
 
 C. Lycaste Barringtonice. Jamaica . Lodd. Cab., 1824. 
 
 SYNS. Epidendrum Barringtonice. B. R., 1206. 
 Colax Barringtonice. 
 Dendrobium Barringtonice. 
 Maxillaria Barringtonice. 
 Maxillaria ciliata. 
 Dendrobium ciliatum. 
 
 Flowers variegated white, yellow, and brown ; lip pure 
 white, with yellow base. This species needs plenty of 
 heat. 
 
3ro ORCHIDS. 
 
 Ly caste Barringtonice grandiflora . . . . B. M., 5706. 
 A very fine variety, with large white flowers. 
 
 Ly caste citrina. 
 
 A species resembling Lycaste Harrisonice. Sepals and 
 petals lemon color ; lip white and lilac. 
 
 A. Lycaste cruenta. Guatemala . . . B. R., 1812, 13. 
 Perianth apple-green ; lip yellow, with dark spot. 
 
 Flowers very freely in March and April. A desirable 
 species. M. aromatica is often sold for this, but the 
 species are very distinct. 
 
 B. Lycaste cruenta major. 
 Has larger flowers. 
 
 B. Lycaste Deppei. Xalapa . . . B. M., 3395. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 2, 268. 
 Lodd. Cab., 1612. 
 
 Sepals green, marked with purple ; petals white, marked 
 with crimson inside; lip brilliant orange, marked with 
 crimson. Blooms in winter and spring. 
 
 C. Lycaste gigantea. St. Martha . . B. R., 31, 34. 
 
 B. M., 5616. 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 198. 
 
 A tall-growing species, producing in summer dark 
 olive-green flowers, with purple lip. 
 
 B. Lycaste Harrisonicz. Brazil . . B. M., 2927. 
 SYNS. Colax Harrisonice B. R., 897. 
 
 (Lind). Pax. Mag., 2, 196. 
 
 Dendrobium Hqrri- Sert. Bot., 7, as 
 
 sonitK. (Hooker). Colax. 
 
 Perianth creamy white ; lip purple ; fragrant. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 311 
 
 B. Lycaste Harrisonia alba. Brazil. 
 Perianth pure white, tipped with violet. 
 
 A very free-blooming plant of easiest culture. It will 
 do well, and bloom in the parlor. 
 
 A. Lycaste lanipes. South America. 
 
 Flowers creamy white, with fringed lip, in autumn. 
 
 C. Lycaste macrophylla. Colombia . P. and E., 64. 
 
 B. R., 1840, 191. 
 
 Perianth green, tinted and spotted with brown ; lip 
 whitish, variegated with yellow and violet. This species 
 has a disagreeable odor, and is always found on the 
 ground under the shade of trees. 
 
 B. Lycaste plana. Colombia B. R., 29,35. 
 
 This species resembles the last, but the flowers are of 
 
 a richer color. It needs heat, and the bulbs should never 
 be at all covered with soil, as they rot very easily. 
 
 B. Lycaste Schilleriana. 
 
 A pretty species. Sepals yellowish brown ; petals white ; 
 lip white, with yellow base. 
 
 A. Lycaste Skinneri. Gautemala. F. M., 24, 192. 
 
 Jen. Orch., 9. B. M., 4445. 
 
 War. Orch., 10. Pax. Mag., u, i. 
 
 Bat, 35, as Maxillaria. Fl. des Ser., 303, 304. 
 
 Pes., 39. F. M., 2, 35. 
 
 Perianth pure white ; sepals lightly tipped with rose ; 
 petals rosy at the base ; lip spotted with brilliant carmine. 
 Flowers large and fragrant. Blooms in winter. 
 
312 ORCHIDS. 
 
 There are many varieties, differing in intensity of color, 
 and some with yellow instead of red on the lip ; there is 
 a pure white variety. 
 
 This plant should not be allowed to dry up during 
 the resting season. All the varieties are beautiful. The 
 plant is very free blooming, and the flowers are almost 
 imperishable. 
 
 C. Lycaste tetragona. Brazil B. R., 1428. 
 
 B. M., 3146. 
 
 The flowers are yellowish green and purple, with the 
 fragrance of violets. 
 
 B. Lycaste tyrianthina. Brazil. 
 
 Perianth clear wine-color ; lip golden yellow, striped 
 and marked with vivid purple. Flowers large, fragrant. 
 
 This genus was separated from Maxillaria. The spe- 
 cies are of the easiest growth in pots, with peat, with 
 good drainage ; give plenty of water in the growing sea- 
 son, but very little during that of rest. 
 
 Macodes. 
 A name for some species of Anactochilus. 
 
 Macodes marmorata. See Ancectochilus Lowii. Reich. 
 Xen., i, 96. 
 
 Macodes Petola. See Anactochilus Petola or imperial!*. 
 
 Macrochilus. 
 
 Macrochilus Fryanus was a name given to Miltonia spec- 
 talilis. (Fl. Cab., 45.) 
 
DESCRJPTIKE LIST. 313 
 
 Masdevallia. Ruiz and Pavon. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name for Joseph Masdevall, a Spanish botanist. 
 The plants of this genus were formerly more remark- 
 able for their singularity than their color, but late years 
 have given us some wonderful discoveries, so that now 
 it comprises some most attractive plants. 
 
 Masdevallia Candida. SYN. of Masdevallia tovarensis. 
 
 Masdevallia Chimcera. New Granada . F. M., 2, 149. 
 
 B. M., 6152. 
 
 A most singular plant. Flowers yellow, spotted with 
 blood-red, eight inches from tips of sepals, produced from 
 base of pseudo-bulbs, on arched flower-stalks. 
 
 The plant figured in " L'lllustration Horticole," 3, 117, 
 is Masdevallia nycterina with the coloring of M. Chimczra. 
 
 Masdevallia cocdnea. Pamplona . . Reich. Xen., i, 74. 
 A beautiful little species, with bright-red flowers. 
 
 A. Masdevallia Davisii. Peru .... B. M., 6190. 
 A newly-discovered species, bearing rich golden flow- 
 ers, but probably, if descriptions are to be depended 
 upon, very variable in color. Very free-blooming ; flow- 
 ers four inches in diameter. 
 
 Masdevallia Denisoni. New Granada . . F. M., 2, 79. 
 Flowers very large, on tall stalks, deep purple, with 
 white base. 
 
 Masdevallia Ephipptum. SYN. of Masdevallia Trochilus. 
 
 Masdevallia Estrada. New Granada . . B. M., 6171. 
 A very pretty little species, of neat habit and delicately 
 
314 ORCHIDS. 
 
 colored flowers, which are violet-purple, tipped with white, 
 and with yellow tails. 
 
 Masdevallia Harry ana. New Granada . . F. M., 555. 
 
 I. H., 142. 
 
 Flowers very large, violet-mauve, with yellowish base. 
 A beautiful and free-flowering species. 
 
 Masdevallia Houtteana. Venezuela . Fl. des Ser., 2106. 
 Flowers white, spotted with carmine, with long red 
 tails; very curious. 
 
 Masdevallia ignea. New Granada . . . F. M., 2, 15. 
 
 B. M., 5962. 
 
 Flowers orange-scarlet, shaded with crimson, but vary- 
 ing much in different plants. 
 
 Masdevallia Lindeni. New Granada . . F. M., 2, 28. 
 
 B. M., 5990. 
 
 Jen. Orch., 17. 
 
 I. H, 3, 42. 
 
 Flowers on tall stalks, brilliant magenta. A very fine 
 species. 
 
 Masdevallia maculata. Colombia. . Fl. des Ser., 2150. 
 Flowers with long tails, yellowish, with rose and purple 
 spots. 
 
 Masdevallia nycterina. New Granada . . F. M., 2, 150. 
 An extraordinary species. Flowers triangular, with 
 long tails, dark rosy purple, spotted with darker shade j 
 lip white and yellow. The old stalks continue to produce 
 flowers for a long time. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 315 
 
 Masdevallia Peristeria. New Granada . . B. M., 6159. 
 Flowers yellow, deeply spotted with amethyst-crimson. 
 Not as showy as the other species. 
 
 Masdevallia tovarensis. Colombia . B. M., 5505. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 120. 
 A very neat and pretty plant. Flowers white, in pairs. 
 
 Masdevallia Trochilus. New Granada . . I. H., 3, 180. 
 SYNS. Masdevallia Colubri. 
 
 M. Ephippium. B. M., 6208. 
 
 Flowers hooded, with long tails, color purple, suffused 
 with brown, tails bright yellow. 
 
 Masdevallia Veitchii. Peru . . . . F. M., 481. 
 
 B. M., 5739. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 33. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 1803. 
 
 Flowers six inches in diameter, bright orange-scarlet. 
 A very showy species. 
 
 Masdevallia Wagneriana. Central America. 
 
 Bot. Mag., 4921. 
 A small-growing species, with yellow and red flowers. 
 
 All the species are free-growing and free-blooming, but 
 are soon destroyed if kept too hot. They are natives of 
 high tropical mountains, and require cool treatment and 
 free air. They should be grown in pots, in peat and 
 moss, with good drainage, and must never be allowed to 
 dry up. They flower almost continuously. 
 
 At present many of the species are very rare, but they 
 will soon be attainable. 
 
3l6 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Maxillaria. Ruiz and Pavon. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from maxilla, a jaw-bone. 
 B. Maxillaria Brocklehurstiana. Brazil. 
 
 Flowers citron, marked with brown, large and fragrant. 
 
 A. Maxillaria cristata. SYN. of Paphinia cristata. 
 
 A. Maxillaria grandiflora. Peru .... I. H., 3, 14. 
 A cool Orchid, of easy culture, and very showy. Flow- 
 ers pure white ; lip purple and yellow. 
 
 Maxillaria Harrisons. See Lycaste Harrisonce. 
 
 B. Maxillaria leptosepala. New Granada . B. M., 4434. 
 Flowers large, very fragrant ; perianth clear yellow ; 
 
 lip almost white. 
 
 Maxillaria luteo alba. Merida. 
 
 SYN. Maxillaria punctata alba. 
 Flowers large, creamy white. 
 
 Maxillaria nigrescens. New Granada. 
 
 Flowers dark wine-color ; lip purple. There are many 
 varieties. 
 
 Maxillaria picta. Brazi B. R., 1802. 
 
 B. M, 3154. 
 
 Flowers yellow, marked with purple, fragrant. Very 
 freely produced. 
 
 Maxillaria picta major. 
 
 A larger flower, banded with purple ; fragrance of 
 almonds and jasmine. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 317 
 
 C. Maxillaria nifescens. Brazil . . . . B. R., 1848. 
 
 SYN. Maxillaria fitcata. R. R, 79. 
 
 Perianth reddish, a little brown ; lip yellow, marked 
 with crimson. The flowers are small and solitary,, and 
 only desirable for their vanilla-like perfume. 
 
 Maxillaria Skinneri. See Lycaste Skinneri. 
 
 Maxillaria splendens. Peru. 
 
 Sepals and petals white ; lip orange, margined with 
 rose. 
 
 C. Maxillaria tenuifolia. Vera Cruz. Maund, Bor., 140. 
 
 B. R., 1839, 8. 
 
 Flowers beautiful purple, marked with yellow, smelling 
 like an apothecary's shop. 
 
 Maxillaria Turneri. South America. 
 
 Flowers cinnamon-brown and crimson ; very fragrant. 
 Should be grown in a cool house. 
 
 A. Maxillaria venusta. New Granada. Pes., 38. 
 
 B. M., 5296. 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 118. 
 
 Flowers lar^ ; white lip, marked with yellow and with 
 two red spots resembling large eyes. A most curious 
 and beautiful plant. 
 
 This genus has been much changed, and the finest 
 species have been given to Bifrenaria, Lycaste, Paphinia, 
 Warrea, Colax, Promencea, and Scuticaria. 
 
 All Maxillarias should be grown as prescribed for Ly 
 caste. 
 
318 ORCHIDS. 
 
 The species are all free-flowering plants of easy cul- 
 ture, generally blooming in the spring. They are well 
 worth growing for their fragrance and the persistency of 
 the flowers, which in some species seem almost imperish- 
 able. None require much heat, and they like light, but 
 not full sun. 
 
 Megaclinium. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from ^yas, great, and JCA.IVT], a bed. 
 This genus is more curious than beautiful. The 
 flowers have the peculiarity of moving and closing the lip 
 very rapidly. 
 
 C. Megaclinium Bufo. Sierra Leone. B. R. 
 
 The flowers resemble a number of toads on a spot of 
 green. 
 
 C. Megaclinium fakatum. Sierra Leone . B. R., 989. 
 Flowers yellow and red. 
 
 C. Megaclinium oxypterum. Sierra Leone. 
 Flowers green. 
 
 Megaclinium oxypterum maximum . . . B. R., 1959. 
 
 B. M., 4028. 
 The lip is not movable. 
 
 These plants should be grown in hanging baskets, like 
 Acropera. 
 
 Mesospinidium. Reichenbach. Epiphyte. 
 A. Mesospinidium sanguineum. Peru. Bat. 2d Cen., 196. 
 
 B. M, 5627. 
 A beautiful little cool-house Orchid, from the Andes 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 3 19 
 
 of Peru, bearing branching spikes of lovely rose-colored 
 flowers. It is a most desirable plant, but not very com- 
 mon. 
 
 A. Mesospinidium vulcanicum. Upper Amazon. 
 
 B. M., 6001. 
 
 This plant resembles an Epidendrum. Flowers in 
 spikes from the lower leaf of the pseudo-bulb, rosy red, 
 with a little yellow on the lip. 
 
 These plants may be grown in pots or on blocks ; they 
 do not need much heat, and are impatient of too much 
 water, but must not dry up even when at rest. 
 
 Miltonia. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Dedicated to Viscount Milton, Earl Fitzwilliam. 
 
 B. Miltonia anceps. Brazil . . . B. M., 5572. 
 
 Reich. Xen., i, 21. 
 
 A rare species. Flowers dark olive ; lip reddish pur- 
 ple, on white ground. 
 
 A. Miltonia bicolor. 
 
 This plant is probably a variety of Miltonia spectabilis, 
 which it much resembles ; flowers large, white ; lip white, 
 with violet mark. 
 
 A. Miltonia Candida. Brazil . . . Sert. O., tab. 21. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 6, 241. 
 
 B. M, 3793. 
 
 Perianth yellow, richly marked with reddish brown \ 
 lip pure white, marked with violet. Blooms in autumn. 
 
320 ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. Miltonia Candida grandiflora. 
 
 A larger and finer plant, and much more richly 
 marked. 
 
 A. Miltonia Candida flavescens. Brazil. B. R., 1845, ta ^- 8. 
 Only differs in the lip being yellowish white. 
 
 Miltonia cereola. St. Catharine I. H., 446. 
 
 This plant much resembles Miltonia Regnelli, of which 
 it may be a variety. The flowers are large, white ; lip 
 white, shaded with delicate purple. 
 
 A. Miltonia Clowesii. Brazil . . . B. M., 4109. 
 
 SYNS. Brassia Clowesii. Sert. O., tab. 34. 
 
 Odontoglossum Clowesii. Pax. Mag., 9, 241. 
 Sepals and petals pale yellow, barred with chocolate ; 
 the lip is purple and white. Blooms in September and 
 October. 
 
 Miltonia Clowesii major is larger and finer. 
 
 A. Miltonia cuneata. Rio Janeiro . . M. O. P., 2. 
 
 B. R., 1845, 8. 
 
 I. H., 237. 
 
 Flowers large ; sepals reddish brown, with yellow tips j 
 petals of same color, barred with golden yellow; tips 
 clear yellow ; lip pure white, very large. 
 
 Miltonia f estiva. Brazil. 
 
 Flowers in pairs, dark ochre ; lip lilac, with purple 
 markings. 
 
 A. Miltonia Karwinskii. Mexico . Fl. des Sen, 7. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 1 6, 162. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 321 
 
 Sepals and petals pale yellow, barred with brown ; lip 
 white at tip, violet at base and reddish in the centre. 
 Blooms in winter. 
 
 Known also as Odontoglossmn Reichenheimii. 
 
 A. Miltonia Loddigesii. Rio Janeiro. 
 
 Flowers large ; deep rose perianth ; carmine lip. 
 
 A. Miltonia Moreliana. Bahia . . . F. M., 2, 143, 
 
 SYN. Miltonia purp urea violacea. Jen. Orch., 37. 
 
 Gard. Mag., 41. 
 War. Orch., 32. 
 
 Perianth violet ; petals curled at the tip ; lip rose. 
 Flowers large and fragrant. Blooms in September and 
 October. There are many varieties, which differ in in- 
 tensity of color of the lip. 
 
 Miltonia odorata. See Aspasia lunata. 
 
 B. Miltonia Pinelii. Rio Janeiro. 
 
 Perianth yellow j lip white, marked with carmine ; very 
 fragrant. 
 
 A. Miltonia Regnelli. Brazil . . . Reich. Xen., 47, 
 
 B. M, 5436. 
 
 F. M., 490. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 182. 
 
 Flowers white, with rosy purple lip ; scape many- 
 flowered. A fine species ; some of the varieties have an 
 intense crimson lip. 
 
 B. Miltonia Russelliana. Rio Janeiro . Pax. Mag., 217. 
 
 B. R., 1830. 
 
 Perianth purple-brown, edged and striped with green- 
 ish yellow ; lip lilac, white tipped. 
 
 21 
 
322 ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. Miltonia spectabilis. Brazil . . I. P?., 71 and 216. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 7-97. M. O. P., i. 
 
 I. H., 524, var. rosea. B. M., 4204, 4425. 
 
 Lem. Jard., 108. B. R., 1992. 
 
 Perianth greenish white ; lip large, violet-purple, edged 
 with dull white. 
 
 There are many varieties, only differing in size of 
 flower, intensity of the purple of the lip, and purity of 
 the white. 
 
 Miltonia stellata. See Cyrtochilum stellatum. 
 Miltonia Warner i. SYN. of Miltonia spectabilis rosea. 
 
 A. Miltonia Warscewiczii. Peru . . B. M., 5843. 
 
 SYNS. Odontoglossum Warscewic- Fl. des Ser., 1831. 
 
 zii. I. H., 3, 158. 
 
 Odontoglossum Weltoni. 
 Onddium fuscatum. 
 Oncidium Weltoni. 
 
 A very beautiful plant, bearing a nodding panicle of 
 flowers, cinnamon-brown, with tips golden yellow; lip 
 violet-purple, with cream-white margin and pale yellow- 
 brown blotch. A cool Orchid. 
 
 These plants are usually grown in pots, with peat. 
 Miltonia Clowesii does well in a hanging basket. They 
 will thrive in either house ; during their season of rest 
 they should be kept cool and have but little water, and 
 water should always be carefully given, as too much in- 
 jures the plants. They should be grown in the shade. 
 The foliage of most of the species is yellowish green. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. $2$ 
 
 Mormodes. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from mormo, a goblin. 
 C. Mormodes aromatica. Guatemala . M. O. P., 2. 
 
 B. R., 1836, 56. 
 
 Flowers dirty, greenish white, tinted and spotted with 
 chocolate purple. Fragrant. 
 
 C. Mormodes lineata. Guatemala. M. O. P., 2. 
 
 B. R., 1842, tab. 43. 
 
 Perianth yellow, striped with vermilion ; lip white, 
 marked with violet ; flower fragrant. The plant needs a 
 gentle heat. 
 
 B. Mormodes titrina. Mexico. 
 
 Flowers yellow, in July and August. 
 
 B. Mormodes luxata. Mexico . . . . M. O. P., 3. 
 
 B. R., 29, 33. 
 
 Flower pale citron ; lip with brown stripes in the cen- 
 tre ; very fragrant. Blooms in July. 
 
 C. Mormodes pardina unicolor. Mexico . B. M., 3879, 
 
 39- 
 Bat., 14. 
 Fl. Cab., 113. 
 I. H, 25. 
 
 Flowers beautiful yellow, barred and spotted with deep 
 red. 
 
 These plants are cultivated like Catasetum, but they are 
 not popular, and are seldom found in collections. 
 Other species are : 
 
 >; 
 
324 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Mormodes igneum. Pax. Fl. G., 93 ; Lem. Jard., 330. 
 M. Colossus, B. M., 5840. 
 M. Cartoni. B. M., 4214. 
 M. Greenii. B. M., 5802. 
 M. Hookeri. Lem. Jard., 118. 
 
 Myanthus. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from /xu/o, a fly. 
 
 C. Myanthus cernuus. Brazil . . . B. R., tab. 1721. 
 Flowers yellowish green, plentifully marked with dark 
 purple. Cultivated like Catasetum. 
 
 Myanthus barbatus. Pax. Mag., 2, 124; B. R., 1778; B. M., 
 
 35I4- 
 
 M. spinosus. B. M., 3802. 
 M. deltoideus. B. R., 1896 ; B. M., 3923. 
 
 Myrobroma. 
 An old name of Vanilla. 
 
 N. 
 Nanodes. Reichenbach. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from vav&Hiis, pigmy. 
 
 B. Nanodes Medusas. Ecuador . . Fl. des Ser., 1771. 
 
 B. M., 5723. 
 
 A singular plant, with stout flattened stem, pale glau- 
 cous foliage, and lurid purple fringed flowers. Grow on 
 a block, in the cool house. A rare plant, more curious 
 than beautiful. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 325 
 
 Nasonia. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from naso, a nose. 
 
 Nasonia punctata. Peru B. M., 5718. 
 
 A dwarf-growing plant without pseudo-bulbs, and with 
 small green alternate leaves. Flowers large, from axils of 
 leaves on short scapes ; bright cinnabar-red, with centre 
 of lip yellow ; very pretty. 
 
 Neottia. Linnceus. Terrestrial. 
 
 Name from veoffffid, a nest. 
 
 C. Neottia orchioides. . Brazil B. M., 1036. 
 
 B. R., 701. 
 Flowers rose. 
 
 The plants of this genus, except the above, are not 
 sufficiently showy for the Orchid house. 
 The following are species : 
 
 Neottia aphylla. B. M., 2797. 
 
 N. bicolor. B. R., 794. 
 
 N. calcarata. B. M., 3403. 
 
 N. elata. Schwartz. B. M., 2026 ; Lodd. Cab., 343. 
 
 N. grandiftora. B. M., 2730, 2956. 
 
 N. picta. B. M., 1562. 
 
 N. plantaginea. Hook. Ex., 226. 
 
 N. pudica. Sweet. 
 
 N. tortilis. Schwartz. 
 
 They should be grown like Bletia. 
 
326 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Notylia. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from PWTOS, the back, and rv\os, a lump. 
 
 This genus has little to recommend it. 
 
 The following are the best species : 
 Notylia Barkeri. 
 
 N. bicolor. B. M., 5609; Bat. 2d Cen., 199. 
 N. incurva. 
 N. micrantha. 
 N. punctata. B. R., 759. 
 
 SYNS. Pleurothollis punctata. B. R., 
 
 Gomeza tannifolia. 
 N. tennis. 
 
 Cultivate as directed for Burlingtonia. 
 
 o. 
 
 Octomeria. Brown. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from bicrd, eight, and fie'pos, a part. 
 There is nothing remarkable in this genus. 
 Octomeria graminifolia. B. M., 2764; Lodd. Cab., 1891. 
 O. serratifolia. B. M., 2823. 
 
 Octomeria convallaroides, O. flava, O. rosea, O. stellata^ 
 and O. pubescens, are now all referred to Eria. 
 
 Odontoglossum. Humboldt and Kunth. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from oSovs, a tooth and y\uxr<ra, a tongue. 
 
 Odontoglossum affine. SYN. of Odontoglossum Reichen- 
 heimii. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 327 
 
 Odontoglossum Alexandra. Bogota . Jen. Orch., 26. 
 
 SYNS. Odontoglossum Bluntii. Bat. Odon., 14, 19. 
 O. crisp urn. B. M., 5691, 5697, 
 
 5736. 
 
 F. M, 343. 
 Fl. des Ser., 1652. 
 War. Orch., 2, 23. 
 
 A very beautiful species, sporting in many varieties. 
 The type seems to be pure white with bright golden spots 
 on the lip, but the markings vary to red, rose, purplish 
 brown, and many shadings, varying also greatly in the 
 size of the spots and markings. The flower-spike is 
 about twelve inches high, gracefully arching, and bearing 
 from six to twelve large flowers, often three inches or 
 more in diameter, but in fine varieties the spike is often 
 much longer, and bears many more flowers. It is a free 
 bloomer, but requires to be kept very cool. 
 
 Odontoglossum anceps I. H., 128. 
 
 SYN. of Miltonia anceps. 
 
 Odontoglossum Andersonianum. New Granada. 
 
 F. M., 2, 45. 
 
 A beautiful plant, probably a natural hybrid between 
 Odontoglossum Alexandra and O. prcestans or O. glorio- 
 sum. The flower is the shape of the former, but sepals 
 and petals are a little narrower. It is creamy white (not 
 milk white), the inferior halves of the sepals and petals 
 are adorned internally with reddish brown dots and 
 streaks, and some such blotches are to be found on the 
 disk of the anterior lip, whose superior part is yellowish. 
 This is a very rare plant. 
 
328 ORCHIDS. 
 
 B. Odontoglossum angustatum. Peru . Bat. Odon., 26. 
 Flowers on tall branching stalks. Sepals and petals 
 narrow, white, with purple spots ; lip white, very short. 
 
 Odontoglossum apterum. SYN. of Odontoglossum Rossii. 
 
 B. Odontoglossum astranthum. Ecuador. 
 
 A species bearing tall spikes of large flowers, yellowish 
 marked with purplish brown ; lip white, spotted with pale 
 rose. 
 
 Odontoglossum aureo-purpureum . SYN. of Odontoglossum 
 luteo-purpureum. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum Bictonense. Guatemala. 
 
 B. R., 26, 66. 
 
 Bat. Odon., 18. 
 
 I. H., 449, and 3, 91. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 1502. 
 
 This tall-growing and free-blooming species sports into 
 many varieties, some of which are infinitely superior to 
 the type. The flower-stems are erect, often two feet high. 
 The flowers are about an inch in diameter, yellow banded 
 or spotted with brown ; lip purple, often nearly white. 
 This plant is figured as Cyrtochilum in " Bateman's Orchids 
 of Mexico and Guatemala," plate 6, and as Zygopetalum 
 africanum in the "Botanical Magazine," tab. 3812. It is 
 a pretty species of easy culture. The varieties Odontoglos- 
 sum Bictonense grandiflorum, roseum, and spkndens differ 
 only in intensity of color and size of flower. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum blandum. Ocana . . Bat. Odon., 28. 
 
 A very pretty plant, resembling a dwarf form of Odon- 
 
 toglossum navium. Flowers white, speckled with brownish 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 329 
 
 crimson, on short spikes; exhaling a honey-like fra- 
 grance. Requires rather more heat than most species. 
 
 Odontoglossum Bluntii. SYN. of Odontoglossum Alexan- 
 dra. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum brevifolittm. Peru . . I. H., 3, 170. 
 This plant is remarkable for the shortness of the single 
 
 leaf which surmounts the short pseudo-bulb. The flowers 
 are very large, on a close spike, rich cinnamon-brown, 
 with small bright yellow lip. 
 
 Odontoglossum candelabrum. SYN. of Odontoglossum coro- 
 narium. 
 
 B. Odontoglossum cariniferum. Central America. 
 
 Bat. Odon., 10. 
 
 A tall-growing and free-blooming plant, but not very 
 showy. Flowers brownish, with white lip. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum Cervantesii. Western Mexico. 
 
 B. R., 1845, 3 6 - M - O. p - 4- 
 
 Pax. Mag., 12, 193. Pes., 7. 
 
 F. M., 294. Pax. Fl. G., 15. 
 
 I. H., 12. 
 
 A delicate little plant. Flowers two inches in diam- 
 eter, of very delicate texture, rosy pink, with semicircles 
 of rosy crimson ; lip white. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum dtrosmum. Mexico. Fl. des Ser., 633. 
 SYN. Onddium Galeottianum. B. R., 1842, 3. 
 
 M. O. P., 3. 
 
 Lem. Jard., 90. I. H., 59. 
 
 Card. Mag., 261. War. Orch., 28. 
 
330 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Flowers in pendulous spikes, in spring, measuring two 
 inches across ; perianth rosy white, or pure white ; lip 
 every shade from light pink to purple. There are many 
 varieties, of which Odontoglossum citrosmum roseum is the 
 best. The flowers last long in perfection if kept dry, and 
 have a rich lemon fragrance. 
 
 B. Odontoglossum constrictum. Caracas. 
 
 Flowers yellow, marked with brown ; lip white, tipped 
 with yellow, with two rose-colored spots near the centre. 
 Flowers small but numerous. 
 
 B. Odontoglossum cordatum. Mexico. 
 
 Fl. Cab., 100. Pax. Mag., 13, 147. 
 
 Bat. Odon., 25. Pes., 27. 
 
 B. M., 4878, as mac- Bat. 2d Cen., 167. 
 
 ulatum. 
 
 Perianth yellowish green, richly marked with brown; 
 lip white and purple, marked with brown, sometimes with 
 amber and crimson. 
 
 B. Odontoglossum coronarium. Peru . Bat. Odon., 27. 
 
 Pes., 47- 
 
 A very fine species, with stout, erect flower-spikes, bear- 
 ing often thirty to forty large blossoms. Sepals and petals 
 reddish brown, edged with bright yellow ; lip golden. The 
 flowers remain long in perfection. 
 
 B. Odontoglossum crispum. SYN. of Odontoglossum Alex- 
 andra. 
 
 B. Odontoglossum cristatum. Peru. 
 
 A pretty little species, with creamy yellow flowers, 
 spotted with purplish brown. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 331 
 
 The variety Odontoglossum cristatum Dayanum or Ar- 
 gus (I. H., 3, 21) is remarkable for large flowers and rich 
 color. 
 
 B. Odontoglossum crocidipterum. New Granada. 
 
 A species resembling Odontoglossum ncevium and O. 
 odoratum, but structurally different, the wings of the 
 column being fringed. Flowers pale yellow, spotted with 
 chestnut brown, fragrant. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum Denisonce. New Granada. F. M., 2, 26. 
 Supposed to be a natural hybrid between Odontoglossum 
 
 Alexandra and O. luteo purpureum. Flowers large, pure 
 white, with a few brownish spots ; lip white, with citron 
 centre. A strong-growing plant, with branching flower- 
 spikes. 
 
 B. Odontoglossum Ehrenbergii. Mexico. Fl. des Ser., 846. 
 
 I. H, 33. 
 
 Sepals white, barred with brownish red ; petals white ; 
 lip slightly undulate, golden yellow. Flowers not soli- 
 tary. A very pretty dwarf species, free blooming ; flowers 
 almost imperishable. 
 
 Odontoglossum epidendroides. 
 Probably the same as Odontoglossum Lindleyanum. 
 
 B. Odontoglossum Galleottianum. Mexico. 
 
 Possibly a hybrid between Odontoglossum nebulosum and 
 O. Cervantesii. Flowers white ; petals brown at base ; lip 
 yellow at base. 
 
 B. Odontoglossum gloriosum. New Granada. 
 
 Bat. Odon., 12. 
 
 A strong- growing plant, producing tall branching spikes 
 of yellowish white flowers, ocelated with brown, fragrant. 
 
332 ORCHIJJS, 
 
 A. Odontoglossum grande. Guatemala. Bat., 24. 
 
 B. M, 3955. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 21. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 8, 49. 
 
 Bat. Odon., 8. 
 
 Jen. Orch., 13. 
 
 Flowers very large, produced on an upright spike, in 
 the autumn. Flowers mottled, banded with brown and 
 yellow ; lip white, and light brown. A splendid plant. 
 The variety Odontoglossum grande superbum has larger 
 flowers. There is also a spring-blooming variety. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum Hallii. Ecuador . Reich. Xen., 63. 
 
 Bat. Odon., 21. 
 
 I. H, 3, 58. 
 
 F. M., 2, 378. 
 
 Flowers more than three inches in diameter, yellow, 
 blotched with brown ; lip white, with purplish crimson 
 markings, delicately fringed. 
 
 B. Odontoglossnm hastilabium. Santa Martha. 
 
 B. M., 4272, 4919. 
 
 Bat. Odon., 7. 
 
 Pes., ii. 
 
 A species of easy culture, producing in summer long 
 spikes of white, green, and purple flowers, which remain 
 long in perfection. 
 
 Odontoglossum Hookerianum. SYN. of Odontoglossum cor- 
 datum. 
 
 Odontoglossum hystrix. SYN. of Odontoglossum luteo-pur- 
 pureum. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 333 
 
 B. Odontoglossum Inskayi. Mexico . Bat. Odon., 4. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 25. 
 
 This plant resembles a small variety of Odontoglossum 
 grande. The markings of the flower are similar, but it is 
 by no means as showy a plant. It flowers freely in win- 
 ter, continuing long in beauty. There are many varieties. 
 
 Odontoglossum Karwinskii. SYN. of Odontoglossum Reich- 
 en heimii. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum Krameri. Costa Rica. Bat. Odon., 24. 
 
 B. M, 5778. 
 
 F. M., 2, 406. 
 
 The flowers of this species are among the loveliest of 
 the genus. Sepals and petals violet white j lip pale violet 
 red. Should be grown in a basket, as the flower-spikes 
 are pendulous. This is not a cool Orchid. 
 
 Odontoglossum lave. SYN. of Odontoglossum Reichenheimii. 
 
 Odontoglossum Lawrendanum. SYN. of Odontoglossum In- 
 sleayi. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum Lindleyanum. Ocana. Reich. Xen., 71. 
 
 Bat. Odon., n. 
 
 Flowers pale yellow, with large chestnut bands ; lip 
 white and yellow. A cool Orchid, found only on great 
 elevations. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum luteo-furpureum. New Granada. 
 
 Bat. Odon., 17. 
 
 I. H., 3, 73. 
 
 A species sporting into many varieties. Flowers of 
 medium size, plentifully produced, bright purple-brown, 
 
334 ORCHIDS. 
 
 margined with golden yellow, with golden fringe on the 
 lip. This plant is found at an elevation of eight thousand 
 feet. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum maculatum. Mexico. B. R, 1840, 30. 
 
 Pes., 28. 
 
 Bat. Odon., 20. 
 
 F. M., 348, as 
 
 maciilosum. 
 
 Flowers large, on arching spike, deep yellow, marked 
 with rich brown ; lip large. A fine species, of which there 
 are fine varieties. This species is often confounded with 
 Odontoglossum cordatwn ; as for instance, in the plate in 
 the "Botanical Magazine," 4878. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum maxillare. Mexico . . B. M., 6144. 
 
 I. H., 3, 200. 
 
 A beautiful species, allied to Odontoglossum Cervantesii. 
 Flower two inches in diameter, white, with reddish brown 
 spot at base of petals and purple-brown spot at base of 
 sepals ; lip white, with broad orange blotch. A very rare 
 plant. 
 
 B. Odontoglossum membranaceum. Guatemala. 
 
 B. M., 4923. 
 
 Pes, 5. 
 
 M. O. P., 5. 
 
 B. R., 32, 34. 
 
 Sepals and petals white ; lip barred with brown. Blooms 
 during the winter. A very pretty and delicate plant, with 
 delightfully fragrant flowers. There are many varieties, 
 all good. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 335 
 
 A. Odontoglossum navium. New Granada. 
 
 Pes, 13. 
 
 Pax. Fl. G., 18. 
 
 Bat. Odon., 9. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 594. 
 
 Flowers pure white, marked with rosy wine-color ; lip 
 yellow. A charmingly graceful plant. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum nevadense. New Granada. I. H., 3, 45. 
 A pretty and rare species. Sepals and petals dark 
 brown, bordered and tipped with bright yellow ; lip white, 
 with crimson markings. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum nebulosum. Mexico . Bat. Odon., i. 
 A species from very cold mountains at an altitude of 
 ten thousand feet. Flowers large, on arching spike, white 
 and rose-color. A beautiful plant, but of very difficult 
 culture ; it is almost always killed by heat. Blooms in 
 spring. 
 
 Odontoglossum nobile. SYN. of Odontoglossum Pescatorei. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum odoratum. New Granada. I. H., 3, 39. 
 This plant bears fragrant flowers, on branching pani- 
 cles, color bright yellow, blotched with brown. A winter 
 bloomer. 
 
 B. Odontoglossum pardinum. Peru . . . B. M., 5993. 
 
 SYN. Cyrtochilum pardinum. 
 
 A rare species, producing large branching panicles of 
 pale golden yellow flowers, marked with a few orange 
 red spots. 
 
A. Odontoglossum Pescatorei. New Granada. 
 
 Pes., i. Bat. Odon., 5. 
 
 Pax. Fl. G. } 90. Fl. des Ser., 1624. 
 War. Orch., 25. F. M., 241. 
 Lem. Jard., 331. 
 
 One of the noblest of the genus, bearing large branch- 
 ing spikes of rosy white flowers, with a patch of yellow 
 on the lip. 
 
 It is a beautiful plant, of which there are many varie- 
 ties, all worth growing. 
 
 Odontoglossum pendulum. SYN. of Odontoglossum 
 
 citrosmum Bat. Odon., 6. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum Phalcznopsis. Ecuador. War. Orch., 30. 
 
 Bat. Odon., 3. 
 Pes., 44. 
 
 A dwarf species, with large, showy flowers ; foliage 
 light green, very narrow ; flowers in clusters of two or 
 three, about two inches in diameter, white, painted with 
 rose. 
 
 A distinct species, which should have more heat than 
 any of the family. 
 
 B. Odontoglossum platyodon. Colombia. 
 
 This plant often produces a hundred flowers on a 
 stem j color yellow, very showy. Requires very cool cul- 
 ture, as it grows naturally in a region of snow, and where 
 water freezes at night. 
 
 Odontoglossum pretiosum. SYN. of Odontoglossum Schlie- 
 perianum. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 337 
 
 A. Odontoglossum pulchellum. Mexico. B. M., 4104. 
 
 B. R., 1844, 48. 
 M. O. P., 8. 
 War. Orch., 2, 13. 
 
 Flowers white ; crest of lip crimson. Blooms in win- 
 ter. A very fragrant and pretty plant of neat habit. 
 The varieties differ in size of flower and in foliage. 
 
 Odontoglossum radiatum. SYN. of Odontoglossum luteo- 
 purpureum. 
 
 Odontoglossum Reichenheimii. Mexico. I. H., 213. 
 SYNS. Miltonia Karwinskii. Bat. Odon., 15, 
 
 Cyrtochilum Karwinskii. 16, as Iceve. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 16. 
 Pes., 19. 
 
 A plant for which there have been many synonyms, 
 and of which the flowers vary much in different plants. 
 The spike is tall and branching, the flowers are yellow, 
 clouded with green, and barred with purplish brown ; lip 
 purple, of different shades in different individuals. 
 
 B. Odontoglossum roseum. Ecuador . Bat. Odon., 22. 
 
 I. H, 3, 66. 
 B. M., 6084. 
 
 A pretty little species, with racemes of bright rosy 
 flowers. 
 
 Called also Mesospinidium roseum. 
 
 B. Odontoglossum Rossii. Mexico . B. R., 1830, 48. 
 Fl. des Ser., 2110. M. O. P., 3. 
 Lind. Sert., 25. Maund, Bot., 222. 
 
 Fl. Cab., 129. 
 
 22 
 
338 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Sepals greenish yellow, marked with brown ; petals 
 white, with purple spots ; lip white. Blooms in winter. 
 
 This species resembles Odontoglossum Ehrenbergii, ex- 
 cept that the flowers are solitary. 
 
 The varieties ^Odontoglossum Rossii majus and superbum 
 are very superior forms, the flowers being three inches in 
 diameter and often more than one on a spike ; the colors 
 are richer, and the lip is sometimes purple. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum Roezlii. Colombia. Bat. Odon., 30. 
 
 B. M., 6085. 
 
 F. M., 2, 164, 
 
 var. album. 
 F. M., 2, 90. 
 
 A species allied to Odontoglossum vexillarium and 
 Phal&nopsis. 
 
 Flowers very large, pure white ; base of petals purple ; 
 lip white, yellow, and brown. 
 
 B. Odontoglossum rubescens. Nicaragua. 
 
 A pretty little species ; sepals and petals blush, spotted 
 with crimson ; lip white. 
 
 V 
 
 B. Odontoglossum retusum. Ecuador. 
 
 A dwarf plant, bearing a branching spike of orange 
 and yellow flowers. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum Schlieperianum. Costa Rica. 
 
 SYN. Odontoglossum grande pallidum* F. M., 2, 461. 
 A species resembling Odontoglossitm Insleayi in growth, 
 but distinct in flowers, which are self-colored amber and 
 almost without spots. A summer bloomer. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 339 
 
 A. Odontoglossum tripudians. Peru . . B. M., 6029. 
 A rare species. Sepals and petals yellowish green 
 outside ; clear maroon-brown, with gold markings inside ; 
 lip white, marked with pink, with rich amethyst blotch in 
 the centre. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum triumphans. New Granada. 
 
 I. H., 609. 
 
 Bat. Odon., 23. 
 
 Pes., 46. 
 
 A magnificent species. Flowers very large, in racemes ; 
 golden yellow, blotched with bright cinnamon ; lip pure 
 white, with yellow centre, and tip light rose. 
 
 B. Odontoglossum Uro Skinneri. Guatemala. 
 
 Bat. Odon., 2. 
 Flowers yellowish green, with brown spots j lip white. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum vexillarium. New Granada. 
 
 Jen. Orch., 36. I. H., 3, 113. 
 
 B. M., 6037. Fl. des Ser., 2058. 
 
 Bat. Odon., 29. War. Orch., 2, 38. 
 
 F. M, 2, 73. 
 
 Flowers very large, with heart-shaped lip ; white, tinted 
 with rose and yellow at the base ; sepals and petals of 
 same color, in some flowers, having a long purple line in 
 the centre. A free bloomer. 
 
 This magnificent plant will be scarce for some time, 
 as it is very difficult to import. 
 
 B. Odontoglossum Wallisii. New Granada. I. H., 3, 56. 
 A pretty plant, with yellow flowers, marked with brown; 
 
 lip white, marked with violet. 
 
340 
 
 ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum Warnerianum. Mexico. 
 
 Bat. Odon., 3. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 20. 
 
 B. R., 33, 20. 
 
 A rare and elegant species ; sepals and petals pure 
 white, with a few brown spots \ lip white, shaded with 
 rose, with yellow blotch at the base. Scape three to five- 
 flowered. 
 
 A. Odontoglossum Warscewiczii. Costa Rica. 
 
 B. M., 6163. 
 Reich. Xen., 81. 
 
 A species of wonderful beauty, and the rarest of all. 
 Flowers white, with deep crimson-pink centre j large, 
 three to five on a spike. 
 
 Beautiful as are the former species, this last discovery 
 bids fair to excel them all. 
 
 Odontoglossum Weltoni. See Miltonia Warscewiczii. 
 
 The Odontoglossums are " by no means plants of easy 
 culture ; most of them are cool Orchids, and perish 
 if kept hot. The heat of our summers is an almost in- 
 superable obstacle to the successful cultivation of the cool 
 species, and as yet no means has been found to overcome 
 this difficulty. Exposure to our summer sun is certain 
 death to the delicate species. Perhaps the best way to 
 attempt their culture would be in houses facing the north, 
 from which during the hottest weather the lights could be 
 removed and replaced by canvas on rollers. They all 
 need free air, clean potting, and are impatient of sour 
 soil. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 341 
 
 All are evergreen, and produce the flower-stems from 
 the base of the pseudo-bulbs. Some of the species, such 
 as Odontoglossum gtande, Insleayi, citrosmum, Phalcenopsis, 
 pulchellum, will grow well in any intermediate or Mexican 
 Orchid house. Most of the species do best in pots, with 
 peat and moss, with good drainage. The small-growing 
 kinds, such as O. Ehrenbergii, do well on blocks. Some 
 of the tall growers require a good peat soil, but all soil 
 must be fresh and sweet. They must never be allowed 
 to dry up, but water must at all times be given judi- 
 ciously. 
 
 Recent years have added to the genus (in 1833 there 
 were but five known species), and every year gives us 
 new discoveries ; latterly it would seem as if each new- 
 comer was more beautiful than any we had before known. 
 To attain success in the culture of this beautiful genus 
 of plants is worth any labor, which will be well repaid 
 by the stately grandeur of some of the species, the deli- 
 cate beauty and the charming fragrance of others. 
 
 CE3ceoclad.es. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from ot/cea>, to inhabit, and K\dSos, a branch. 
 There is little to recommend in this genus. 
 
 CEceodades maculata has curiously marbled foliage. It 
 is also known as Trichocentrum maculatum. 
 
 Oncidium. Schwartz. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from tfy/coy, a tubercle, and effios, appearance. 
 A. Oncidium acinaceum. Peru. 
 A very pretty cool house species. Flowers of medium 
 
342 ORCHIDS. 
 
 size, white and violet, bordered with white ; lip violet, 
 shaded with carmine. 
 
 A. Onddium cemulum. New Granada . . B. M., 5980. 
 
 SYN. Onddium superbiens. 
 
 Another cool house species and a plant of great 
 beauty, well meriting its name, whichever we adopt. 
 Flowers cinnamon and yellow in immense branching pan- 
 icles, many feet in length, and often bearing a hundred 
 blossoms. 
 
 B. Onddium altissimum. Panama . B. R., 1651, 1851. 
 
 SYNS. Epidendrum altissimum B. M., 2990. 
 
 (Jacquin). 
 
 Perianth yellow, edged and spotted with brown ; lip 
 yellow. The flower-stalks are several feet long, very 
 much branched and covered with flowers. 
 
 B. Onddium ampliatum. Mexico . . . B. R., 1699. 
 Perianth yellow, slightly marked with yellowish brown ; 
 lip brilliant yellow ; back white. 
 
 A. Onddium ampliatum majus. Guatemala. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 2140. 
 
 Perianth like the last ; lip very large and pale yellow. 
 Blooms on a long branching spike from April to August, 
 and often continues in bloom for two months when the 
 spikes are strong. 
 
 Onddium aurosum I. H., 3, 34. 
 
 SYN. of Onddium excavatum. 
 
 B. Onddium barbatum. Bahia . . . B. R., 1842, 74. 
 Perianth golden yellow, spotted and marked with 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 343 
 
 blood-purple; lip very short, of brilliant yellow, with 
 fringed wings ; the column yellow marked with purple. 
 A brilliant flower. This species may be grown on blocks. 
 There are many varieties. 
 
 A. Oncidium Barken. Mexico . . Sert. O., 48. 
 
 SYN. Oncidium tigrinum. B. R., 1651. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 14, 97. 
 I. H., 2. 
 
 Flowers large ; perianth rich brown, barred with yel- 
 low ; lip bright yellow, an inch or more across. Blooms 
 in winter. 
 
 B. Oncidium Batemanii. Brazil . . . Fl. Cab., 137. 
 
 SYNS. Oncidium racemosum. 
 O. spilopterum. 
 O. stenopetalum. 
 
 A rare species, and not free-flowering, but worth grow- 
 ing, as the flowers are a very bright yellow and showy. 
 
 C. Oncidium Baueri. Mexico . . . . B. R., 1651. 
 Perianth yellow, striped and margined with yellowish 
 
 brown ; lip yellow. This species strongly resembles On- 
 cidium altissimttm. 
 
 -A. Oncidium Ucallosum. Guatemala . B. R., 1843, 13. 
 
 B. M., 4148. 
 I. H, 458. 
 
 Flowers brilliant yellow, slightly fragrant. Sepals and 
 petals cinnamon-brown. A better plant than Oncidium 
 Cavendishii, which it much resembles and with which it is 
 often confounded. It is one of the most showy of winter- 
 blooming Orchids. 
 
344 ORCHIDS. 
 
 B. Oncidium bicolor. Spanish Main . . B. R., 29, 66. 
 Perianth deep yellow, marked with crimson ; lip yel- 
 low, white underneath. Blooms in September. Grow on 
 a block. 
 
 Oncidium bicornutum B. M., 3109. 
 
 B. R., 1007. 
 See Oncidium pubes. 
 
 A. Oncidium bifolium. Monte Video. Lodd. Cab., 1845. 
 
 B. M., 1491. 
 
 The perianth, which is small, is brown ; the lip is very 
 large, of a beautiful yellow. This plant is rather difficult 
 to grow ; it succeeds best in a pot, with moss, suspended 
 from the roof, close to the rafters. 
 
 A. Oncidium bifolium majus. 
 
 A variety with larger and brighter flowers, and very 
 superior to the species. 
 
 B. Oncidium calanthum. Ecuador. . . . F. M., 384. 
 A cool species, with brilliant yellow flowers; that of 
 
 the lip being deeper than the petals and sepals, with red 
 in centre. A free grower and bloomer in winter and 
 early spring. 
 
 Oncidium candidum. SYN. of Palumbina Candida. 
 
 C. Oncidium Carthaginense .... Lodd. Cab., 662. 
 
 SYNS. Epidendrum undulatum. B. M., 1491, 20, 
 E. Carthaginense (Jacquin). 777. 
 Oncidium Henchmanii. 
 
 Perianth olive, marked with brown ; lip yellow, marked 
 with red. Flower-spikes very large. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 
 
 345 
 
 " A. Oncidium Cavendishii. Mexico. Bat, 3. 
 
 B. M., 3807, as 
 
 O. pachyphyllum. 
 
 Flowers large greenish yellow, marked with purple ; lip 
 vivid yellow. Foliage large, rich green. Blooms in win- 
 ter. 
 
 B. Oncidium chrysothyrsus. Brazil . War. Orch., 2, 5. 
 A very pretty species. Flowers on a branching pani- 
 cle ; greenish, streaked with red ; lip bright yellow. 
 
 C. Oncidium Cebolleta. Demerara . . . B. M., 3568. 
 
 SYNS. Epidendrum Cebolleta (Jacquin). B. R., 1994. 
 E.jvndfolium (Linn.). 
 Cymbidium juncifolium (Willd.). 
 Oncidium juncifolium (Lindley). 
 
 Flowers yellow, the perianth slightly marked with yel- 
 lowish brown at the base. May be grown on blocks. 
 
 B. Oncidium ciliatum. Brazil B. R., 1660. 
 
 The flowers of this species vary; they are yellow, 
 
 sometimes marked with red, sometimes with orange- 
 brown ; the wings of the lip are fringed ; the lip is larger 
 than in Oncidium barbatum, but in this latter species the 
 flowers are abundant, while in O. ciliatum it is rare to find 
 more than seven or eight on a stalk. This species will 
 do well with block culture. Also known as O. fimbria- 
 turn. 
 
 C. Oncidium concolor. Organ Mountains . B. M., 3752. 
 Flowers yellow ; lip large. 
 
346 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Oncidium comosum. SYN. of Cyrtopodium Andersonii. 
 
 A. Oncidium cornigerum. New Granada . B. R., 1542 
 
 B. M., 3486. 
 
 A very pretty species, bearing dense panicles of curious 
 red-spotted, yellow flowers. Blooms very freely in spring. 
 It does well either in a pot or on a block, and the flowers 
 last long in perfection. This is one of the best of the 
 small-flowering class. 
 
 A. Oncidium Crcesus. Brazil F. M., 2, 40. 
 
 A charming dwarf free-blooming species. The flowers 
 are clear yellow, and dark purple-brown, and bear some 
 resemblance to a pansy. 
 
 A. Oncidium crispum. Brazil . . . B. M., 3499. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 2148. Lodd. Cab., 1854. 
 
 F. M., 485. B. R., 1920. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 26. Maund, Bot, 26. 
 Fl. Cab., 64. 
 
 Perianth copper-color ; lip yellow, with lighter yellow 
 spots. Flowers large. There are many varieties differ- 
 ing only in shading and markings. Grows well on a 
 block. This is a very showy plant when well grown. 
 The color is peculiar and the flowers are very attractive. 
 No illustration reproduces the bronzy lustre of the 
 flower. 
 
 C. Oncidium crypto copis. Peru . . . . B. M., 5858. 
 A very peculiar species with chocolate-brown flowers, 
 edged with yellow, and crimped, on very long peduncles. 
 More curious than beautiful. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 347 
 
 B. Onddium cruentum. Mexico . . . B. R., 33, 70. 
 
 SYN. Onddium pvlicanum. 
 
 A pretty little species. Flowers yellow, barred with 
 brown ; lip paler yellow. 
 
 A. Onddium cucullatum. Colombia . Pax. Fl. G,, 87. 
 SYN. Leochilus sanguinolens. Lem. Jard., 317. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 835. 
 
 Perianth green, marked with large brown bands ; lip 
 very large, rosy lilac, with deeper markings. This species 
 needs but little heat. 
 
 There are many varieties ; in macrochilum the sepals 
 and petals are violet-crimson ; the lip mauve, spotted 
 with violet. 
 
 Onddium cuneatum. SYN. of Onddium luridum. 
 Onddium cyrtochilum. SYN. of Onddium leucochilum. 
 
 C. Onddium deltoidtum. Peru . . . . B. R., 2006. 
 Perianth vivid yellow; lip triangular, yellow, richly 
 
 marked with red. 
 
 Onddium diadema. SYN. of Onddium serratum. 
 
 C. Onddium divaricatum. Brazil. . Pax. Mag., 3, 4. 
 
 Serf. Bot, 7. 
 
 B. R., 1050. 
 
 Lodd. Cab., 1212. 
 
 Flowers greenish yellow, marked with red ; fragrant. 
 The single flowers have little beauty, but their profusion 
 renders the plant desirable. Blooms in summer. 
 
 C. Onddium digitatum. Guatemala. Fl. des Ser., 1853. 
 Flowers green and white, like Onddium leuchochilum. 
 
348 ORCHIDS. 
 
 B. Onddium euxanthinum. Brazil. 
 
 A dwarf species, which is best grown on a b :': ; 
 flowers yellow and brown, with yellow lip, 
 
 A. Onddium excavatum. Honduras . . I. H., 3, 4. 
 SYN. Onddium aurosum. B. M., 52^% 
 
 Perianth rich golden-yellow, with rich cinnamon spo; , 
 on tall spike. A very handsome plant. 
 
 Onddium filipes. SYN. of Cyrtochilumfilipes. 
 Onddium fimbriatum. SYN. of Onddium dliatum. 
 
 A. Onddium flexuosnm. Brazil . . Lodd. Cab., 424. 
 
 Sert. Bot, 7. 
 B. M., 2203. 
 
 The flowers are brilliant yellow, on a long, slender 
 stalk. This is one of the most useful of the genus, free 
 blooming, of easiest culture, always bright and pretty, and 
 lasting long when cut. Does equally well in a pot or 
 basket. 
 
 A. Onddium Forbesii. Organ Mountains . B. M., 3705. 
 Flowers very large, chocolate-color, edged with bril- 
 liant yellow. A rare plant. 
 
 A. Onddium Forkeli. Mexico. 
 
 Sepals greenish yellow, marked with crimson ; petals 
 violet. 
 
 Onddium fuscatum. SYN. of Miltonia Warscewiczii. 
 
 Onddium Galeottianum. SYN. of Odontoglossum dtros- 
 mum. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 349 
 
 Onddium glaucum. SYN. of Onddium Cebolleta. 
 
 B. Onddium Harrisoni. Brazil . . Lodd. Cab., 1917. 
 
 B. R., 1569. 
 Perianth yellow, marked with brown ; lip clear yellow. 
 
 Onddium hians. SYN. of Onddium maxilligerum. 
 
 A. Onddium hczmatochilum. New Granada. 
 
 Pax. Fl. G., 6. 
 
 Sepals and petals greenish yellow, blotched with chest- 
 nut; lip rich crimson and rose. This is one of the 
 most magnificent of Orchids; the flowers are large, in- 
 describably rich in markings, and exquisitely fragrant. 
 A plant in our collection lasted in perfection for two 
 months. 
 
 Blooms in summer. Slugs prefer the roots and 
 flower-stalks of this plant to any other Orchid, and if 
 there is a slug in the house he will find this plant. A 
 very rare Orchid. 
 
 Onddium hastatum. SYN. of Odontoglossum hastatum. 
 Onddium Henchmani. SYN. of Onddium Carthaginense. 
 
 A. Onddium holochrysum. Peru. 
 
 A very dwarf plant, with spotted bulbs. Flowers 
 rich golden yellow. A rare Orchid. Our plant cost us 
 ten times its weight in gold. 
 
 Onddium Huntianum. See Onddium sanguineum. 
 
 B. M., 3806. 
 
35O ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. Onddium hyphc&maticum. Ecuador. 
 
 A small species requiring cool treatment ; flowers pur- 
 plish, shaded brown, blood-red outside ; lip clear yellow. 
 
 A. Onddium incurvum. Mexico ... I. H., 49. 
 
 B. R., 31, 64. 
 
 Bat, tab. 29. 
 
 B. M., 4824. 
 
 Flowers pale lilac, marked with white, produced dur- 
 ing the winter. A very pretty plant. 
 
 Onddium Insleayi. SYN. of Odontoglossum Insleayi. 
 
 C. Onddium iridifolium. Mexico . . . . B. R., 1911. 
 Flowers yellow, striped with red. This species re- 
 quires a dry, sunny situation. 
 
 Onddium janeir ens e. SYN. of Onddium longipes. 
 Onddium jundfolium. SYN. of Onddium Cebolleta. 
 
 Onddium Karwinskii. SYN. of Odontoglossum Reichen- 
 heimii. 
 
 A. Onddium Kramerianum. Central America. 
 
 Jen. Orch., n. 
 Fl. des Sen, 1956. 
 F. M., 465. 
 
 A species much resembling Onddium Papilio, of which 
 it is probably a variety; the foliage is handsomely 
 spotted. Flowers rich yellow, with dark brown mark- 
 ings ; lip beautifully crimped. 
 
 The flower-stalk continues to produce flowers for 
 months. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 351 
 
 A. Onddium Lanceanum. Guiana . Pax. Mag., 4, 169. 
 
 B. R., 1887. 
 
 Fl. Cab., 79. 
 
 Foliage beautifully variegated ; perianth yellow, irregu- 
 larly marked with crimson ; lip rich violet. Flower very 
 fragrant. Grow in pot or basket, with peat. The plant 
 figured in Fl. des Ser., 1842, seems to be neither On- 
 ddium Lanceanum or hamatochilum, but to have characters 
 of both. 
 
 There is a species with a white lip. 
 
 C. Onddium Lemonianum. Havana . . B. R., 1789. 
 Flowers yellow, marked with red; lip vivid yellow, 
 same markings. 
 
 C. Onddium leopardinum. Peru. 
 Flowers yellow, spotted with brown. 
 
 A. Onddium kucochilum. Mexico . Bat., 4. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 7, 241. 
 Fl. des Ser., 522, as 
 Cyrtochilum. 
 
 Perianth greenish yellow, marked with brown; lip 
 white, slightly tinted with rose. 
 
 This plant is easily mistaken for Odontoglossum candi- 
 dum, which it much resembles. 
 
 A. Onddium Limminghei. Brazil . Fl. des Ser., 1827. 
 A minute species, resembling a Sophronitis. Pseudo- 
 bulbs flat and roundish ; root-stalk creeping ; flowers 
 large, bright golden, with crimson-spotted lip. A little 
 gem of a plant. 
 
352 ORCHIDS. 
 
 C. Onddium longifolium. Mexico . . B. R., 28, 4. 
 Perianth yellow, marked with brown ; lip entirely yel- 
 low, except a spot at the base. This species resembles 
 Onddium Cebolleta, but is a stronger plant. May be 
 grown on blocks. 
 
 A. Onddium longipes. Rio Janeiro . B. M., 5193. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 165. 
 
 A small free-flowering species, blooming all summer ; 
 flower brown and yellow ; lip bright, almost golden yel- 
 low, with blood-colored rim at base. 
 
 C. Onddium lunatum. Demerara . . . B. R., 1929. 
 Flowers sulphur-yellow, rich brown spots j lip white, 
 marked with pale brown. 
 
 C. Onddium luridum. Jamaica . . B. M., 3603. 
 
 Fl. Cab., 97. 
 
 Flower stems often nine feet long. Flowers about an 
 inch and a half in diameter, brown and spotted. 
 
 B. Onddium luridum guttatum. West Indies. 
 
 SYNS. Epidendrum guttatum (Linn.). B. R., 25, 16. 
 Cymbidium guttatum (Willd.). 
 Onddium Boydii. 
 
 Flowers yellowish brown, beautifully marked with red ; 
 the shade deeper toward the base of the lip. A single 
 stem has borne with us two hundred and eighty flowers. 
 
 A. Onddium macranthum. New Granada. 
 
 Jen. Orch., 42. 
 B. M., 5743. 
 F. M., 386. 
 War. Orch., 2, 17. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 353 
 
 A magnificent plant, with very long scandent stems, 
 producing a profusion of flowers, three to four inches in 
 diameter ; sepals purplish brown, tipped with yellow ; 
 petals golden, with blood-red markings ; lip crimson- 
 purple, with white crest. Blooms in spring and summer. 
 
 Oncidium macranthum hastiferum. 
 
 A fine variety, with olive-yellow sepals, bright yellow 
 petals, and crimson lip. 
 
 Oncidium maculatum. SYN. of Odontoglossum maculatum. 
 
 A. Oncidium Marshallianum. South America. 
 
 B. M., 5725. 
 
 Flowers golden yellow, with rich crimson-brown spots. 
 A large-flowered, magnificent species, 
 
 C. Oncidium maxilligerum. Brazil. 
 
 SYN. Oncidium hians. 
 
 A species resembling Oncidium Harrisonii. Lip of a 
 more vivid yellow ; crest of the column bent back, and 
 forms with the top of the lip some resemblance to a jaw- 
 bone. 
 
 C. Oncidium microchilum. Guatemala. 
 
 B. R., 1843, tab. 23. 
 
 Sepals greenish red ; petals red and yellow ; lip white 
 and yellow. 
 
 C. Oncidium monoceras. Brazil . . . . B. M., 3890. 
 Sepals greenish ; petals yellow, marked with brown ; 
 lip yellow, tinted with red at the base, having a horn at 
 the top. 
 
 23 
 
354 ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. Onddium nubigenum. Ecuador . . . B. M., 5708. 
 A lovely little plant, growing at a greater elevation 
 than any other Orchid, fourteen thousand feet above 
 the sea. It somewhat resembles Odontoglossum Phalcen- 
 opsis. Flowers brownish, shaded with crimson ; lip white, 
 marked with violet. The markings of the flowers vary 
 much in different plants. Requires the coolest treat- 
 ment. 
 
 A. Onddium oblongatum. Guatemala. 
 Flowers large, bright yellow in winter. 
 
 A. Onddium obryzatum. New Granada. 
 
 A beautiful and deliciously fragrant species, free flow- 
 ering, and one of the best of the genus. Flowers small, 
 but bright golden, and very beautiful. Blooms in July. 
 There are many varieties, all good. 
 
 A. Onddium ornithorhyncum. Guatemala. 
 
 B. R., 1840, 10. 
 
 B. M., 3912. 
 
 Bat., 4. 
 
 Fl. Cab., 136. 
 
 Flowers beautiful lilac, fragrant, all the autumn. If 
 grown on wood, it needs care to prevent its becoming 
 dry during the growing season. It shows to best advan- 
 tage in a basket. 
 
 A. Onddium Papilio. Trinidad . . Lodd. Cab., 1086. 
 Jen. Orch., n. B. M., 2795. 
 Sert. Bot., 7. B. R., 910. 
 
 Maund, Bot., 10. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 355 
 
 Sepals very long, rich brown, marked with green ; 
 petals and lip (which is very large) are marked with 
 beautiful yellowish brown, with a large pale yellow spot 
 in the middle of the lip. The flowers are solitary, and 
 resemble a butterfly. Grows on blocks or in pots. There 
 are many varieties, differing in size and color of the 
 flowers. 
 
 Ontidium pelicanum. SYN. of Oncidium cruentum. 
 
 B. R., 33, 70. 
 
 A. Oncidium Phalanopsis. Peru .... I. H., 3, 3. 
 A plant resembling Oncidium cucullatum, but of stronger 
 habit. Flowers large, cream-color, marked with violet ; lip 
 white, marked with crimson, and with golden-yellow crest. 
 Requires cool culture. 
 
 A. Oncidium phymatochilum. Rio Janeiro. Pes., 35. 
 
 B. M., 5214. 
 
 Sepals and petals long and narrow, brilliant yellow, 
 marked with brown ; the lip is large at the base, swollen 
 at the summit. Blooms in May and June, very profusely. 
 
 C. Oncidium Pinelianum. Rio Janeiro. 
 
 Perianth yellow, with large brownish red spots; lip 
 clear yellow. The flower-stalk is long, not branched, 
 producing seven or eight flowers. Perhaps same as On- 
 cidium Batemani. 
 
 C. Oncidium pubes. Brazil . . . . B. R., 1007. 
 
 B. M., 3926, var. 
 
 Flowers orange-yellow, marked with brown ; the peri- 
 anth is half unclosed, and does not spread itself out, as 
 in other Oncidiums. 
 
356 ORCHIDS. 
 
 B. Oncidium pules flavescens. Brazil. 
 
 A variety with yellow ground, with copper-colored 
 spots; flower-stalk tall, branched and floriferous. 
 
 C. Oncidium pulchellum. Demerara. B. R., 1787. 
 
 Lodd. Cab., 1984. 
 
 B. M., 2773. 
 
 Flowers white, with orange mark at the base of the lip, 
 and a rosy shade round the column. Blooms profusely, 
 in a panicle. 
 
 B. Oncidium pulvinatum. Brazil . . . B. R., 25, 42. 
 
 Flowers yellow, marked with brown ; an enlargement of 
 the top of the lip is covered with down, and resembles a 
 cushion. The flower-stalks are long and many-flowered. 
 
 C. Oncidium ramosum. Brazil. 
 
 Flowers greenish yellow, richly spotted with brown ; 
 the lip is curiously formed. 
 
 C. Oncidium raniferum. Brazil . . . B. M., 3712. 
 
 B. R., 1838, 48. 
 
 Flowers yellow ; the upper part of the lip forms a 
 brownish red swelling which bears a slight resemblance 
 to a frog. 
 
 B. Oncidium reflexum. Mexico . . Maund, Bot, 116. 
 Flowers yellow; differing little from Oncidium altissi- 
 
 mum, but with brighter flowers. An autumn bloomer. 
 
 C. Oncidium retusum. Brazil B. R., 1920. 
 
 Flowers yellow ; sepals and petals marked with brown ; 
 
 lip entirely yellow. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 357 
 
 B. Ontidium Rigbyanum .... Pax. Mag., 16, 257. 
 Flowers panicled ; sepals and petals brilliant citron- 
 yellow, with deep brown spots in the centre j lip vivid 
 yellow, spotted with brown and edged with little inden- 
 tures. By some this is considered the same as Ontidium 
 sarcodes. 
 
 A. Ontidium Rogersii. Brazil . .* Jen. Orch., 29. 
 
 F. M, 477- 
 War. Orch., 2, 31. 
 
 A very beautiful winter-blooming species, with large 
 rich golden flowers on a tall branching spike. One of 
 the best species ; probably a variety of Ontidium varico. 
 sum. 
 
 B. Ontidium roseum. Honduras. Lindley. 
 
 Flowers rosy white, spotted with red or crimson. This 
 is a rare and pretty species. 
 
 Ontidium rupestre. Peru. 
 
 A pretty cool-house species. Flowers on a many- 
 branched spike, flame-color, spotted with brown. 
 
 C. Ontidium sanguineum. La Guayra. Sert. O., tab. 27. 
 Flowers pale yellow, marked with blood-red. 
 
 A. Ontidium sarcodes. Brazil .... War. Orch., 23. 
 
 I. H., 3, 165. 
 
 Flowers yellow and crimson, on large panicles, pro- 
 ducing thirty flowers or more. A very showy and rare 
 plant. 
 
 B. Ontidium serratum. Peru . . . Bat. 2d Cen., 194. 
 
 B. M., 5632. 
 
358 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Flowers bright chocolate-color, tipped with yellow. A 
 singular plant, more curious than beautiful. 
 
 B. Oncidiiim sessile. Santa Martha . Pax. Fl. G., 21. 
 Flowers yellow, spotted in the centre with pale cinna- 
 mon. 
 
 B. Onddium sphacelatum. Mexico . . B. R., 1842, 30. 
 Flowers yellow and brown, resembling Onddium altis- 
 simum and O. reflexum. A good old Orchid, always 
 blooming, and lasting long in beauty. 
 
 B. Onddium spilopterum. Mexico . B. R., 31, 40. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 15, 200. 
 
 Perianth deep purplish lilac, slightly marked with yel- 
 low ; lip large, deep yellow inside, cream-color outside, 
 deeply undulate. Should be grown in a pot, with turfy 
 peat and potsherds, and elevated above the rim of the 
 top. Keep in a shady place. Perhaps a variety of On- 
 ddium Batemani. 
 
 A. Onddium splendidum. Guatemala. Fl. des Ser., 1825. 
 A very fine species. Flowers large ; sepals and petals 
 small, greenish yellow and brown ; lip large, bright clear 
 yellow. 
 
 C. Onddium Sprudi. South America. 
 
 A species resembling Onddium Cebolleta, with bright 
 yellow flowers. 
 
 C. Onddium Suttoni. Guatemala . . . B. R., 1842, 8. 
 Perianth deep olive-brown, with yellow tips ; lip yellow, 
 with deep olive-brown spot in the centre. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 359 
 
 B. Oncidium tricolor. Jamaica . . . . B. M., 4130. 
 Perianth yellowish green striped and spotted with red ; 
 
 lip white, striped with red. 
 
 C. Oncidium triquetrum. Jamaica . . . B. M., 3393. 
 
 SYNS. Cymbidium triquetrum (Willd.). 
 
 Epidendrum triquetrum (Schwartz). 
 Flowers greenish white, marked with reddish purple. 
 Grow on blocks. 
 
 C. Oncidium trilingue. Peru .... Pax. Fl. G., 63. 
 
 Lem. Jard., 217. 
 
 A species much resembling Oncidium serratum. Flow- 
 ers chocolate-brown, edged with yellow. 
 
 C. Oncidium trulliferum. Brazil . . B. R., 1839, 57. 
 Perianth yellow, marked with reddish brown ; lip yel- 
 low, having in the centre the form of a trowel. 
 
 Oncidium unicorne. See Oncidium monoceras. 
 
 C. Oncidium uniflorum. Rio Janeiro . B. R., 1843, 43. 
 Flowers vivid yellow, marked with dull brown ; lip bril- 
 liant yellow j very fragrant. In spite of the name each 
 bulb produces a flower-stalk, carrying two or three flow- 
 ers. 
 
 C. Oncidium unguiculatum. Guatemala. 
 
 Flowers large, yellow, on a long branching spike, pro- 
 duced in winter. 
 
 Oncidium varicosum Lem. Jard., 207, 7. 
 
 See Oncidium Rogersii. 
 
360 ORCHIDS. 
 
 C. Onddium variegatum. West Indies. Lem. Jard., 99. 
 
 Pax. Fl. G., 33. 
 A pretty species, with rosy-pink blossoms. 
 
 Onddium Weltoni. SYN. of Miltonia Warscewiczii. 
 
 C. Onddium Wentworthianum. Guatemala . Bat, 39. 
 Flowers yellow, richly marked with crimson. 
 
 C. Onddium Wraytz. Mexico . . . . B. M., 3854. 
 Perianth brilliant yellow, marked with brown ; lip deep 
 yellow; flowers large. 
 
 B. Onddium xanthodon. Ecuador . . . B. M., 5756. 
 A fine-blooming species allied to Onddium serratum ; 
 flower-spike very large, bearing a profusion of rich brown 
 and yellow flowers. 
 
 A. Onddium zebrinum. Venezuela . . . B. M., 6138. 
 A very beautiful species, producing long branching (12 
 feet) spikes ; perianth pure white, with red-purple bars ; 
 lip barred with gamboge-yellow. A rare plant. 
 
 These plants are all evergreen. Those having large 
 leaves or tall flower-stalks should be grown in pots, with 
 peat and moss, with good drainage. Those with small 
 leaves, except Onddium uniflorum, which does best in a 
 pot, should be grown on blocks, with a little moss. All 
 species will succeed well, however, with pot culture. 
 They require plenty of heat and moisture in the growing 
 season, but afterwards only just enough water to keep 
 the leaves and bulbs from shriveling. The plants will 
 thrive in either house. Propagated by division. Onddi- 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 361 
 
 urns should be grown in every collection. They are very- 
 showy, of easy culture, and give abundance of gay 
 bloom. 
 
 Ornithidium. Salisbury. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from Spvit, a bird, and tfSos, resemblance. 
 C. Ornithidium album. Trinidad . . . B. M., 3306. 
 Flowers solitary, clear transparent white, the upper 
 stigma in the form of a beak. 
 
 C. Ornithidium coccineum. Martinique . Hook. Ex., 38. 
 
 B. M, 1437. 
 Flowers of same shape as the last ; color clear red. 
 
 These plants are more curious than ornamental. They 
 may be grown on blocks or in pots, well drained ; too 
 much moisture speedily rots the roots. 
 
 Ornithocephalus. Hooker. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from Spvis, a bird, and KftyaX-fj, a head. 
 This genus affords no plants of special interest. 
 Ornithocephalus gladiatus Hook. Ex., 127. 
 
 P. 
 
 Palumbina. Reickenbach. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name fa<ya\ palumba, a dove. 
 
 Palumbina Candida. Mexico B. M., 5546. 
 
 A charmingly pretty plant allied to Oncidium, and 
 formerly known as Onddium candidum. Flowers waxy 
 
362 ORCHIDS. 
 
 + 
 
 white, with yellow centre, on delicate spikes. This plant 
 does well under cool treatment. Care must be taken not 
 to over-water. Blooms in summer. 
 
 Paphinia. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from Paphos, a shrine of Venus, or from Paphia, a surname of 
 Venus. 
 
 A. Paphinia cristata. Trinidad . . B. M., 4836. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 335. 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 117. 
 
 Sepals chocolate purple, marked with pure white ; pe- 
 tals blood-purple, evenly margined with white. The out- 
 side of the perianth is a dull purplish white ; lip white, 
 barred with purple, and fringed. The flowers are large, 
 produced at different seasons, one or two together. 
 
 Paphinia tigrina. SYN. of Houlktia tigrina. 
 
 Grow plants of this genus in a pot, with rough fibrous 
 peat, well drained, or in a hanging basket, as directed for 
 Gongora, in East Indian house. 
 
 Paxtonia. Lindley. Terrestrial. 
 
 Dedicated to Sir Joseph Paxton. 
 
 C. Paxtonia rosea. Manilla . . Maund, Bot., 5, 210. 
 
 B. R., 1838, 60. 
 
 M. O. P., i. 
 Flowers lilac-rose. 
 Treatment same as Bletia. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 363 
 
 Peristeria. Hooker. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from 7re/(rre/>a, a pigeon. 
 
 Peristeria Barkeri B. M., 4203. 
 
 See Acineta. Bat., 8. 
 
 B. Peristeria elata. Panama .... B. M., 3116. 
 
 SYN. Espiritii Sancto. Jen. Orch., 44. 
 
 Flowers wax-white, with lilac blotches at the base of 
 the lip, and of an exquisite fragrance. They are pro- 
 duced on long stalks from the base of the pseudo-bulbs. 
 The interior of the flower somewhat resembles a dove 
 with outspread wings. 
 
 C. Peristeria cerina. Demerara . . . . B. R., 1953. 
 Flowers dull yellow, with a strong odor of juniper ; pro- 
 duced in bunches, close to the bulb, in June and July. 
 
 C. Peristeria guttata. Rio Janeiro . . . Fl. Cab., 7. 
 Flowers yellow, plentifully marked with reddish brown, 
 produced in short bunches in September. 
 
 Peristeria Humboltii B. R., 29, 18. 
 
 See Acineta. B. M., 4156. 
 
 B. Peristeria pendula. Demerara . . . B. M., 3479. 
 
 SYN. Peristeria maculata. 
 
 Flowers greenish white outside, and delicate blue in- 
 side, marked with purple, the lip dull white marked with 
 purple ; slightly fragrant. 
 
 C. Peristeria stapelioides. Guiana. Lindley. 
 
 Flowers pale, yellowish brown, covered with blotches 
 of dark brown ; very fragrant. 
 
364 ORCHIDS. 
 
 These plants should be grown in pots in a strong com- 
 post of loam, peat, and leaf mould. During their season 
 of growth they should have abundance of water, but in 
 the resting season should be allowed to become almost 
 dry. 
 
 They need a long rest ; the species last described needs 
 less water than the others. 
 
 Pescatorea. Reichenbach. 
 
 A genus proposed for some plants now referred to 
 Huntleya. 
 
 Pescatorea cerina is Huntleya cerina, a very different plant 
 from Peristeria cerina^ with which it is sometimes 
 confounded. 
 
 Pescatorea fimbriata is a synonym of Pescatorea Wallisii. 
 Pescatorea violacea is Huntleya or Bollea violacea. 
 Pescatorea Wallisii is Huntleya Wallisii. 
 
 Phajus, or Phaius. Louriero. Terrestrial. 
 
 Name from <patos, dusky. 
 
 A. Phajus albus. Nepaul. . . . B. R., 1838, 33. 
 
 B. M., 3991. 
 Pax. Mag., 5, 125. 
 Fl. Cab., 125. 
 
 Flowers large, pure white ; lip tinged with purple, in 
 July and August. 
 
 This is a deciduous species, losing its leaves after 
 growth. It should be grown in a pot, with rough, fibrous 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 365 
 
 peat and good drainage, with plenty of water in the grow- 
 ing season. 
 
 It requires a long rest, and should then be kept cool 
 and almost dry. Propagated as directed on a former 
 page, by cuttings of the pseudo-bulb. 
 
 This plant is now known as Thunia alba. 
 
 Phajus Bensonice. See Thunia Bensonice. 
 
 B. Phajus bicolor. Ceylon . . . . Sert. O., tab. 23. 
 
 B. M., 4078. 
 Wight, Ic., 1659. 
 
 Perianth deep chocolate ; lip pale yellow, tinted with 
 rose. 
 
 B. Phajus Blumei. India .... Blume Orch., 5. 
 
 A species differing from Phajus grandifolius in having 
 sepals and petals acuminate, tip of lip acute, spur short 
 and thick, while in the former the sepals and petals are 
 acute, tip of lip notched, spur short and thick, and in 
 Phajus Wallichii the spur is long and slender. 
 
 It is a stout growing plant, resembling Phajus grandi- 
 folius in habit. 
 
 A. Phajus Blumei Bernaysii. Queensland. 
 
 B. M., 6032. 
 
 Is a very beautiful plant, with tall spikes of flowers, 
 white outside, bright yellow inside; lip yellow, edged 
 with white. 
 
 B. Phajus grandifolius. China. . . B. M., 1924. 
 
 SYNS. Limodorum Tankervillice Lodcl. Cab., 20. 
 
 (Schwartz). Sert. Bot, 7. 
 
 L. Incarvillitz (Persoon). Fl. des Ser., 738. 
 Bletia Tankervillia. 
 
366 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Perianth white outside, brownish inside ; lip white and 
 dull purple. 
 
 Blooms in winter and spring. One of the longest 
 known Orchids, and a very showy and useful plant, grow- 
 ing freely and always blooming. We have every year 
 plants with hundreds of flowers. 
 
 B. Phajus intermedius. China. 
 
 Perianth white outside ; yellow, tinted with rose, in- 
 side ; lip white, with flame-colored spot at the base. 
 
 A. Phajus irroratus F. M., 426. 
 
 A beautiful hybrid, between Phajus grandifolius and 
 
 Calanthe vestita. Sepals and petals rosy white ; lip white, 
 with yellow base. In form the flower is intermediate be- 
 tween the parents ; spike erect ; foliage evergreen. A 
 very beautiful and scarce plant. 
 
 B. Phajus maculatus. Bombay . . Lodd. Cab., 1803. 
 
 SYNS. Bktiaflava (Wallich). B. M., 2719,3960. 
 
 Bletia Woodfordii. Sert. Bot., 7. 
 
 Flowers yellow; lip edged and spotted with purple. 
 Foliage dotted with white spots. A showy plant. 
 
 A. Phajus Wallichii. Bombay . . Pax. Mag., 6, 193. 
 
 B. R, 1839, 58. 
 
 Perianth white outside, orange inside ; lip white, 
 slightly shaded with yellow and red. A tall-growing 
 plant, with very handsome flowers. 
 
 These plants should be grown in large pots, with loam, 
 leaf mould, and rotten cow dung. Care should be taken 
 not to allow water to touch the young shoots, as they 
 easily damp off. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 367 
 
 Give plenty of water at the roots during the growing 
 season, and weak liquid manure, but when at rest keep 
 the plants almost dry. 
 
 Re-pot just before they make their growth. Propaga- 
 ted by division. 
 
 Phalsenopsis. Blume. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from <f>d\aiva, a moth, and fyis, resemblance. 
 A. Phalcenopsis amabilis. Manilla . B. M., 4297. 
 
 SYNS. Angracum album majus B. R., 1838, 34. 
 (Rumphius). Fl. des Ser., 36. 
 
 Epidendrum amabile Pax. Mag., 7, 49. 
 
 (Linn.). M. O. P., i. 
 
 Perianth pure white ; sepals narrower than the petals ; 
 lip white at the tip, the lateral lobes very much enlarged, 
 richly streaked with red and pink. Each flower is about 
 three inches across. 
 
 A. Phalcenopsis amethystina. Sunda Islands. 
 
 A pretty little species, rarely seen in cultivation ; 
 flowers small ; sepals and petals white, spreading ; lip 
 white, tinged with yellow at the base ; centre rich ame- 
 thyst, suffused with purple ; foliage dark green, slightly 
 wavy at edges ; spikes short, branched. 
 
 B. Phalcznopsis Cormi-cervi. Moulmein. 
 
 SYN. Poly chilus Cornu-cerui. B. M., 5570. 
 
 Bat. ad Cen., 178. 
 
 A peculiar species ; the flower-stalk flat and thick, the 
 flowers springing from notches in the margin ; flowers 
 greenish yellow, with transverse spots of cinnamon-red ; 
 
368 ORCHIDS. 
 
 foliage pale green. Continues to flower from the old 
 spike for a long time. 
 
 Phalcenopsis equestris. SYN. of Phalcenopsis rosea. 
 
 A. Phalcenopsis grandiflora. Borneo. B. M., 5184. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 114. 
 
 Perianth white ; sepals a little greenish ; the lip white, 
 striped with purple and yellow. This species much re- 
 sembles Phalcenopsis amabilis, differing only in the flowers 
 being larger, of a purer white, and in having yellow on 
 the lip ; in foliage this species is of a lighter green ; that 
 of amabilis is reddish on the under side. 
 
 A. Phalcenopsis grandiflora aurea. Tamelan Islands. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 7. 
 
 A magnificent variety, with very large white flowers, 
 with bright golden markings ; very free blooming. 
 
 A. Phalcenopsis intermedia. Manilla . Lem. Jard., 4, 44. 
 A very rare and lovely plant; foliage pale green; 
 flowers medium size, white, shaded with rose; lip a 
 deeper shade of the same color. 
 
 A. Phalcenopsis leucorrhoda. East Indies. F. M., 2, 166. 
 A new species, possibly a natural hybrid between Phal- 
 cenopsis amabilis and Schilleriana, having the foliage of 
 the latter ; the petals are rosy ; there is much yellow over 
 the lip, the lateral partitions of which are brownish, not 
 purplish ; lateral sepals, with brownish dots ; tendrils of 
 lip long, and thin like P. amabilis. A very rare plant. 
 
 A. Phalcenopsis Lobbii. SYN. pf Phalcenopsis Portei. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 369 
 
 A. Phalcznopsis Lowii. Moulmein . B. M., 5351. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 168. 
 War. Orch., 2, 15. 
 
 Petals white, delicately tinted with rose ; lip resembling 
 the beak of a bird. Allied to Phalcznopsis rosea. Flowers 
 of medium size ; foliage dark green, delicate in texture. 
 Requires sunlight and abundance of moisture when grow- 
 ing. It loses its leaves in the resting season. 
 
 A. Phalcznopsis Luddemannia. Philippine Islands. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 133. 
 Fl. des Ser., 1636. 
 B. M., 5523. 
 
 A plant resembling Phalcznopsis rosea, but with lighter 
 foliage. Racemes about twelve inches long ; flowers two 
 inches across, blush, barred throughout with amber and 
 amethyst, varying to bright rose color. 
 
 B. Phalcznopsis Mannii. Sikkim. 
 
 A rare species, resembling in foliage Phalcznopsis 
 Cornu-cerui. Flowers yellowish buff. 
 
 A. Phalcznopsis Parishii. Burmah . . . R. F., 85. 
 
 B. M, 5 8i 5 . 
 
 A charming dwarf plant. Leaves oblong lanceolate ; 
 flowers in short racemes of six to ten ; sepals and petals 
 milk white ; lip white and crimson amethyst. 
 
 Phalcenopsis Portei. East Indies. . . F. M., 2, 162. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 2. 
 
 This plant is probably a natural hybrid, between Pha- 
 24 
 
370 ORCHIDS. 
 
 lanopsis amabilis and P. rosea, the former of which it re- 
 sembles in habit. It bears a long drooping and branch- 
 ing spike of pure white flowers ; lip bright rosy-red, 
 tinted with orange. Only two plants of this species are 
 known to have been imported, and these differ somewhat 
 in intensity of color. 
 
 A. Phalcznopsis rosea. Manilla . . B. M., 5212. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 1645. Pax - F1 - G -> 7 2 - 
 Lem. Jard., 283. Jen. Orch., 27. 
 A small-flowering species. Flower white, tinged with 
 pink ; lip violet or ruby, with yellow at base, upper part 
 intense violet, without the tendrils which occur in Phal- 
 cenopsis amabilis and P. grandiflora. A very free bloomer, 
 and continuing long in beauty. 
 
 A. Phalanopsis Schilleriana. Philippine Islands. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 171. B. M./ 5530. 
 
 Jen. Orch., 15. Fl. des Ser., 1559. 
 
 War. Orch., i. I. H., 348. 
 
 Leaves very large, dark green, mottled with gray or 
 white. Flower stems from one to three feet long, much 
 branched, covered with multitudes of lovely flowers from 
 two to three inches in diameter, of delicate shades, mauve, 
 edged with white, yellow, with reddish cinnamon spots. 
 No two plants have flowers exactly alike, and all are 
 lovely. In attempting to describe this flower one feels 
 how poor words are to convey an idea of its beauties. 
 Very free-flowering ; plants have borne more than three 
 hundred flowers. 
 
 A. Phalcznopsis Sumatrana. Sumatra. B. M., 5527. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 146. 
 Fl. des Ser., 1644. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 371 
 
 A species resembling Phalcznopsis Luddemannia in 
 growth, but with pointed leaves very bright green. 
 Flowers on a short spike, yellowish white, barred with 
 broad streaks of rich reddish brown ; lip white, with 
 orange spots, and four lines of violet or lilac. 
 
 These plants should be grown in the East Indian 
 house, with liberal waterings during growth, and even in 
 winter they should be kept damp at the roots. They may 
 be grown in pots, with sphagnum moss, but appear to 
 much better advantage on blocks or in baskets, in which 
 they thrive equally well, only requiring more attention to 
 keep them from becoming dry. They should be hung 
 near the glass. The flowers are produced on a slender, 
 flexible stalk, which continues to grow and produce flow- 
 ers ; but after two months it is well to cut off the flower- 
 stalk, unless the plant is very strong, as the plant will 
 exhaust itself. These plants are very difficult to increase. 
 If they send out young shoots they should be left on the 
 plant till they make roots, when they may be removed. 
 Plants may be produced by bending down the flower- 
 stalk upon the block, covering each node with moss, first 
 cutting off the end of the shoot. Phalanopsis Ludde- 
 mannia produces young plants on the flower-stalk more 
 freely than any other species. The growing season of 
 all is from March to October. 
 
 " Phalanopsids are interesting from the ease with which 
 the flowers may be artificially fertilized, and from the cu- 
 rious phenomena which attend the reception of the pol- 
 linia by the stigmatic cavity. Before the pollinia are com- 
 municated the cavity gapes widely ; in the course of a 
 few hours the sides draw together, and eventually the 
 
3/2 ORCHIDS. 
 
 pollinia are held so fast that they can only be removed 
 by tearing or with the knife." 
 
 If the plants get unhealthy, shake them out, cut off all 
 decayed roots and place them on blocks with fresh 
 sphagnum, in the warmest house, keeping them moist. 
 These plants will always command high prices, yet no 
 collection should be without Phalcznofisis amabilis, P. 
 grandiflora, and P. Schilleriana. 
 
 Pholidota. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from 0o\fr, a spot, and o3s, an ear. 
 
 C. Pholidota articulata. East Indies . B. R., 1839. 57- 
 Flowers white ; lip white, with slight yellow tinge at 
 base. 
 
 C. Pholidota conchoidea. Manilla. 
 
 The flowers resemble the last described species, but 
 are larger. 
 
 C. Pholidota imbricata. Nepaul . . Hook. Ex., 138. 
 
 SYN. Pholidota pallida (B. R., B. R., 1777, 1213. 
 
 14, 1213). Lodd. Cab., 1934. 
 Flowers brown and white. 
 
 C. Pholidota undulata. East Indies. 
 Flowers brown ; lip pale brick red. 
 
 These plants should be grown upon blocks, and need 
 plentiful waterings during the season of growth. 
 
 Physosiphon. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 Name from <J>Co-a, an inflated bladder, and afyxw, a tube. 
 There is little to recommend this genus. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST 373 
 
 Pilumna. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from iri\iov, a cap. 
 
 A. Pilumna fragrans. Popayan . B. M., 5035. 
 
 SYN. Trichopilia fragran s. Bat. 26. Cen., 164. 
 
 F. M., 2, 21. 
 
 Jen. Orch., 38. 
 
 I. H, 3, 94. 
 
 A charming plant, resembling a Trichopilia in general 
 appearance, but with very different flowers. Sepals and 
 petals greenish white ; lip pure white, with rich golden 
 centre ; flowers in spikes of three to five ; deliciously 
 fragrant. 
 
 This plant should be grown in a pot, with peat and 
 moss in the cool house. It is one of the most fragrant 
 of Orchids, flowering freely in winter. Propagated by 
 division. 
 
 Pilumna laxa B. R., 32, 57. 
 
 SYN. of Trichopilia laxa. 
 
 Pleione. Don. Terrestrial and Epiphytal. 
 
 The name of a nymph. 
 
 Pleione humilis. Upper Nepaul . . B. M., 5674. 
 
 Pax. Fl. G., 51. 
 
 Lem. Jard., 158. 
 
 Flowers white ; lip with orange and crimson veins, 
 beautifully fringed. A mountain species found growing 
 on the trunks of trees, at an elevation of eight thousand 
 feet. 
 
374 
 
 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Pleione Lagenaria. Himalaya . . B. M., 5370. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 107. Jen. Orch., 47. 
 
 Pax. Fl. G., 39. War. Orch., 17. 
 
 Lem. Jard., 93. I. H., 510. 
 
 Allied to Pleione maculata. Perianth deep purplish 
 pink ; lip white, marked with crimson blotches, yellow 
 centre. A beautiful little plant. 
 
 A. Pleione maculata. East Indies . . B. M., 79, 4691. 
 Flowers white ; lip beautifully marked and spotted 
 
 with various colors. The plant blooms in October and 
 November, without the foliage, being deciduous. It 
 should be potted level with the pot rim, and some silver 
 sand mixed with the peat. 
 
 B. Pleione prczcox. East Indies. . . Pax. Mag., 14, 7. 
 This species much resembles Pleione Wallichiana. 
 
 Flower beautiful light purple ; lip with blackish spots, 
 shading to pure white. 
 
 A. Pleione Reichenbachiana. Arracan . . B. M., 5688. 
 Flowers very large, rosy lilac ; lip rich purple and ma- 
 genta. 
 
 Pleione Schilleriana. Moulmein . . . . B. M., 5027. 
 Pseudo-bulbs very small; flowers tawny yellow; lip 
 large, orange-white and crimson. 
 
 Pleione Wallichiana. Bengal . . . Lem Jard., 153. 
 B. R., 1840, 24. M. O. P., 6. 
 B. M., 4496. Pax. Mag., 6, 25, 
 
 Jen. Orch., 47. alias Ccelogyne. 
 
 Flowers rosy purple ; lip with a dash of white, very 
 
 large ; sometimes two on a spike and fragrant. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 375 
 
 These lovely little plants were formerly known as Ccel- 
 ogyne. They are all deciduous, producing the flowers in 
 autumn, just before they begin to grow. As soon as 
 growth begins, or the buds at the base of the pseudo- 
 bulbs begin to start, the plants should be repotted in leaf 
 mould and silver sand, and be given plenty of light and 
 heat. When growth is completed dry them off gradually, 
 but they must not be neglected and allowed to become 
 dust dry in the summer. They are well worth growing ; 
 are charmingly pretty. 
 
 Pleurothallis. Brown. Epiphyte. 
 Name from Tr\evpd, the side, and 0aAA, to bloom. 
 
 This genus contains a great number of species and 
 varieties, and very many of great botanical interest ; but 
 the flowers are generally small, without fragrance, and 
 not to be recommended to amateurs. 
 
 Polychilus. 
 SYN. of Phafanopsis Cornu-cervL 
 
 Polycycnis. Linden and Reichenbach. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from TTO\US, many, and KVKVOS, a swan. 
 B. Polycycnis kpida. New Granada ... I. H., 3, 19. 
 A plant with the general aspect of a Gongora, produ- 
 cing arching spikes of yellowish brown flowers, spotted 
 with carmine ; lip large, pale yellow, spotted with red. 
 
376 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Polycycnis barbatus and musciferus are referred to Cycno- 
 
 ches. 
 
 Requires to be grown in a basket, to display it to best 
 advantage, in peat and moss, in the Mexican house. 
 
 Polystachya. Hooker. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from iro\vs, many, and a-rdxvs, a spike. 
 This genus contains few plants of interest. 
 
 Polystachya pubescens. 
 
 From South Africa, is a pretty plant, with bright golden 
 yellow flowers, with purple lines. It should be grown in 
 peat and moss, with plenty of water and not much heat. 
 
 Other species are : 
 
 Polystachya bracteosa. B. M., 4161. 
 P. carnea. Fl. des Ser., 1521. 
 P. grandiflora. B. M., 3707. 
 P. luteola. Hook. Ex., 103. 
 
 Ponthieva. Brown. Terrestrial. 
 
 Dedicated to M. de Ponthieu, a West Indian merchant. 
 
 The plants of this genus are more curious than beauti- 
 ful ; the only species worth the attention of the amateur 
 is : 
 
 C. Ponthieva maculata. New Granada . . . Portf., 2. 
 Flowers white, irregularly marked with gray, and 
 spotted with purple ; lip deep yellow. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 377 
 
 Ponthieva petiolata Lodd. Cab., 760, 
 
 B. C., 1190. 
 
 These plants should be grown in peat, leaf mould, and 
 potsherds, with good drainage. 
 
 In the resting season they should be removed to the 
 cooler house, and have very little water. 
 
 Preptanthe. 
 
 A name proposed for the deciduous species of Cal- 
 anthe. 
 
 Prescottia. Lindley. 
 
 Name in honor of John Prescott, a botanist of St. Petersburg. 
 There is nothing desirable in this genus. 
 
 Prescottia colorans. B. R., 22, 1916. 
 P. plantaginia. Lodd. Cab., 990. 
 P.plantaginifolia. Hook Ex., 115. 
 
 Promenaea. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 For npojuei/etcc, a prophetess of Dodona. 
 
 B. Promencsa titrina. Brazil. 
 
 Flowers rich yellow, with dark crimson at base of the 
 
 HP. 
 
 C. Promencea Rollinsonii. Brazil. 
 Flowers pale yellow, produced in autumn. 
 
 C. Promencsa stapelioides. Brazil. 
 
 Flowers green and yellow ; lip blackish purple, in July, 
 August, and September. 
 
3/8 ORCHIDS. 
 
 These plants are more curious than showy. They 
 may be grown in pots in peat in either house with the 
 same treatment as Paphinia. 
 
 R. 
 
 Eenanthera. Loureiro. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from ren, a kidney, and anthera, an anther. 
 C. Renanthera arachnitis. Japan. Lindley. 
 SYNS. Epidendrum Flos aeris (Linn.). 
 Limodorum Flos aeris (Schwartz). 
 Aerides arachnitis (Schwartz). 
 Arachnis moschifera (Blume). 
 
 Flowers creamy white and purple, somewhat resembling 
 a spider. 
 
 This species is more correctly Arachnis moschifera, 
 which see. 
 
 B. Renanthera coccinea. Cochin China. 
 
 Sert. Bot, 7. B. M., 2997, 2998. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 37. B. R., 1131. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 4, 49. 
 
 Sepals pale scarlet, irregularly marked with deeper 
 scarlet ; petals vivid scarlet, banded with white ; lip yel- 
 low, marked with scarlet. A very showy plant, but very 
 difficult to bloom ; it does not flower until very strong, 
 and seems to require much light and sun. 
 
 B. Renanthera Lowii. Borneo . . Bat. 2d Cen., 161. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 4. 
 B. M. ? 5475. 
 
 A rare Orchid, with broad, dark green foliage, thick, 
 fleshy roots, and flower-spikes six to twelve feet long, 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 379 
 
 with two kinds of flowers, two at the base of the spike 
 tawny yellow, spotted with crimson ; the others reddish 
 brown, with lines of greenish yellow. This species does 
 not bloom until it becomes large. 
 
 C. Renanthera matutina. Manilla . . B. R., 1843, 41. 
 
 Pes., 12. 
 Flowers small, scarlet, shaded with yellow ; very bright 
 
 and pretty, looking like some gorgeous insect. 
 
 / 
 These plants are long growing, and should be grown 
 
 on long blocks. 
 
 They should have plenty of light, the stem and leaves 
 be kept almost dry, and the roots moist, and should have 
 plenty of heat. 
 
 They are all somewhat difficult to bloom ; and the 
 secret seems to be to give the plant violent changes in 
 treatment, and thus force it to break into bloom. 
 
 Restrepia. fatnth. Epiphyte. 
 
 Meaning unknown. 
 Restrepia antennifera. Colombia .... I. H., 641. 
 
 A pretty little plant, with curious, many-colored flowers, 
 and well worthy of cultivation. 
 
 Upper sepals white, streaked with purple ; lower, red- 
 dish crimson, dotted with blackish purple ; petals like 
 antennae. 
 
 Restrepia ekgans. Caracas . . . . Fl. des Ser., 743. 
 
 B. M., 5966. 
 
 Another pretty species, with small bright flowers, 
 marked somewhat like the last, but with more yellow. 
 
380 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Restrepia punctata. SYN. of Restrepia elegans. 
 
 These plants are of easy culture in the cool house ; 
 they should be potted in peat and moss, and kept moist. 
 All bloom in summer very freely. 
 
 Rodriguezia. Ruiz and Pavon. Epiphyte. 
 
 Dedicated to the botanist Rodrigues. 
 
 C. Rodriguezia planif olia. Brazil . . . B. M., 3504. 
 Flowers yellow, shaded with green ; very fragrant. 
 
 B. Rodriguezia secunda. Trinidad . . . B. M., 3524. 
 SYNS. Rodriguezia lanceolata. B. R., 930. 
 
 Pleurothallis cocdnea (Hooker). Lodd. Cab., 
 
 676. 
 
 Flowers on a slender stalk ; color beautiful scarlet red. 
 
 Rodriguezia secunda carnea has less brilliant flowers. 
 
 The following are species : 
 
 Rodriguezia Barkerii. B. M., 3497. 
 
 R. crispa. B. R., 26, 54. 
 
 R. lanceolata. Ruiz and Pavon. Lodd. Cab., 676. 
 
 R. laxiflora. 
 
 R. maculata. 
 
 R. recurva. SYN. Gomezia recurva. Lodd. Cab., 660. 
 
 These plants should be grown in well-drained pots, ex- 
 cept secunda, which does better on a block with moss. 
 They require a moist, hot temperature. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 381 
 
 Saocolabium. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from saccus, a bag, and labium, a lip. 
 A. Saccolabium ampullaceum. Sylhet. Lind. Sert., 17. 
 
 B. M., 5595. 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 186. 
 Pax. Mag., 13, 49. 
 
 A slow-growing species, but of easy culture. Foliage 
 about five inches long and very thick. Flower-stalks 
 erect, shorter than the leaves ; flowers rosy pink, very 
 close set. Blooms in May. 
 
 A. Saccolabium ampullaceum Moulmeinense. Moulmein. 
 
 F. M, 393. 
 
 A very beautiful variety. Foliage spotted with brown 
 on the under side. Flowers rich deep rose. 
 
 B. Saccolabium bigibbum. Aracan . . . B. M., 5767. 
 A pretty small-growing species. Flowers on a short 
 
 drooping spike, twelve or fifteen" in number, pale yellow j 
 lip white, with fringed edge. Blooms in autumn. 
 
 A. Saccolabium Blumei. Java Pes., 21. 
 
 Sert. O., 47. 
 I. H., 545. 
 
 Sepals and petals beautiful violet and white ; lip a 
 deeper shade of the same color, with white tip. 
 
 Saccolabium Blumei majus, a variety with larger flowers 
 and of stronger growth. Blooms in August and Septem- 
 ber. 
 
 Saccolabium Blumei Dayi is a very free-flowering vari- 
 ety, with longer spikes. Flowers white, spotted with 
 purple. 
 
382 ORCHIDS. 
 
 B. Saccolabium Calceolaria. East Indies. 
 
 SYN. Aerides Calceolaria (Smith). Pax. Mag., 6, 97. 
 Perianth yellow, marked with round purple spots ; lip 
 white, marked with yellow and crimson at the base. 
 
 A. Saccolabium curvifolium. Java . B. M., 5326. 
 
 B. R., 1847, 58. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 130. 
 
 I. H., 49, 3- 
 
 Flowers bright vermilion. Will thrive on a block with- 
 out moss. A charming little plant, with very rich flowers. 
 It requires more heat than most of the species. We grow 
 it in a basket, in the hottest part of the house. Known 
 also as Saccolabium miniatum. 
 
 The varieties Saccolabium cunnfolium luteum, aurantia- 
 cum, and splendent differ only in color or intensity of color 
 of flower. All bloom in early spring. 
 
 Saccolabium Dayanum. SYN. of Saccolabiiim Blumei Dayi. 
 
 A. Saccolabium denticulatum. Sylhet. B. M., 4772. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 7, 145. 
 
 Perianth greenish yellow, plentifully marked with brown ; 
 lip large, yellow, edged with white. 
 
 \. Saccolabium furcatum. Java. 
 
 A pretty but rare species, resembling Saccolabium gut- 
 tatum. Flowers white, spotted with rose. 
 
 A. Saccolabium giganteum. Burmah. B. M., 5635. 
 
 Jen. Orch., 8. 
 Fl.desSer., 17 68, as 
 Vanda densiflora. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 383 
 
 Flowers very large, in long, close, pendent racemes, 
 delightfully fragrant, creamy white, spotted with am- 
 ethyst; lip rich purple. A plant of slow growth, but 
 very free-blooming when it gets to any size. The flowers 
 last two months in perfection, and perfume the whole 
 house. Blooms from December to March. 
 
 A. Saccolabium guttatum. East Indies . B. M., 4108. 
 SYNS. Aerides retusum (Swartz). B. R., 1443. 
 
 Aerides guttatum (Roxburg) . Wight, I nd ., 
 
 Epidendrum retusum (Linn .). 1 7 45 . 
 
 Limodorum retusum (Swartz). 
 Sarcanthus guttatus (Lindley). 
 
 Perianth white, marked with violet-rose ; lip rosy crim- 
 son. The racemes are often fifteen inches long, densely 
 set with the rich blossoms. 
 
 Saccolabium guttatum giganteum is a very fine variety of 
 a beautiful plant. The foliage is longer and the flowers 
 of more decided colors and larger. 
 
 Saccolabium guttatum Holfordianum . War. Orch., 2, 18. 
 A magnificent variety, with very long leaves and ra- 
 cemes. Flowers blush, spotted with purple ; lip rich 
 crimson. This lovely species is of very easy culture, and 
 seldom fails to bloom freely. 
 
 A. Saccolabium Harrisonianum. Pulo Copang. 
 
 B. M, 5433- 
 
 Flowers pure white, very fragrant. A fine species, 
 allied to Saccolabium violaceum ; free-blooming, and very 
 desirable, blooming in midwinter, the flowers lasting two 
 months in perfection. 
 
384 ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. Saccolabium Huttoni. Java . . . . B. M., 5681. 
 A new species, much resembling Saccolabium ampulla- 
 
 ceum. Flowers large, on erect spikes, bright rosy purple, 
 with lip of a deeper shade. 
 
 C. Saccolabium micranthum. Sylhet. 
 
 Perianth violet ; lip deep rose. The flowers are small, 
 but pretty. 
 
 Saccolabium miniatum. SYN. of Saccolabium curvifolium. 
 
 B. Saccolabium papillosum. Malabar . . B. R., 1552. 
 
 SYNS. Aerides undulatum (Smith). 
 
 Cymbidium prcemcrsum (Swartz). 
 Epidendrum pr&morsum (Roxburg). 
 Vanda congesta. 
 
 Perianth creamy white, with purple rays; lip small, 
 white. Flower fragrant. 
 
 A. Saccolabium prcemorsum. East Indies. 
 
 SYN. Aerides prcemors a (Willd.). 
 
 Flowers white, beautifully marked with delicate rosy 
 lilac. 
 
 A. Saccolabium retusum. Java . . Fl. des Ser., 1463. 
 A stout-growing species, producing in early spring long 
 spikes of white flowers, spotted with delicate rose. 
 
 Saccolabium rubrum. SYN. of Saccolabium ampullaceum. 
 
 A. Saccolabium violaceum. Manilla . . War. Orch., 14. 
 
 A beautiful plant, of free growth, blooming about 
 
 Christmas, and bearing a profusion of long racemes of 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 38$ 
 
 white flowers, spotted with mauve and rose ; lip dark 
 mauve. This species is delightfully fragrant, and lasts 
 in beauty two or three months. We grow it in a basket, 
 as thus the drooping spikes show to better advantage. It 
 is one of the most beautiful of Orchids. 
 
 Saccolabium Wightianum. SYN. of Aerides Wightii. 
 
 These plants should be grown like Aerides, either on 
 blocks or in pots or baskets. They demand the same 
 general treatment ; are propagated in the same way. The 
 foliage is very ornamental. All the species are worth 
 growing, and a collection can hardly have too many Sac* 
 colabiums. 
 
 Sarcanthus. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from <rop, flesh, and &v8o$, flower. 
 Sarcanthus ermaceus. Moulmein . . Bat. 2d Cen., 193. 
 
 B. M., 5630. 
 
 A very pretty little species, with pink and white flow- 
 ers ; lip with purple markings. The flowers are freely 
 produced, on drooping spikes, but the plant is very slow- 
 growing, and does not bloom well until of some size. 
 
 C. Sarcanthus paniculatus. China . . . B. R., 220. 
 SYNS. Aerides paniculatum. 
 
 Vanda paniculata. 
 
 Flowers yellow, with two blood-red rays along the centre 
 of the petals and sepals ; lip yellow. 
 
 C. Sarcanthus rostratus. China . . . . B. R., 981. 
 
 SYN. Vanda recurva (Hooker). 
 Perianth orange, edged with blood-red ; lip violet 
 25 
 
386 ORCHIDS. 
 
 C. Sarcanthus tcretifolius. China . . . B. M., 3571. 
 
 SYN. Vanda teretifolia (Lindley). 
 
 Perianth yellowish green, with three blood-red rays 
 along the segments ; lip white, edged with violet. 
 
 These plants may be grown in pots, on blocks, or in 
 wooden baskets. They need plenty of heat and copious 
 waterings. During the resting season they should be re- 
 moved to the cooler part of the house, and kept almost 
 dry. 
 
 Sarcochilus. Brown. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from rrcp|, flesh, and x e *^ os > a lip- 
 C. Sarcochilus wiguiculatus. Manilla. 
 
 .Flowers pale yellow; the lateral lobes of the lip are 
 white, striped with crimson, the middle lobe spotted with 
 crimson ; cultivated as prescribed for Burlingtonia. 
 
 Sarcopodium. 
 
 This genus is now referred to Bolbophyllum. 
 The only showy species is Sarcopodium Lobbii, known 
 also as Bolbophyllum Lobbii, and B. Henshalli, which 
 see. Card. Mag., 269. 
 
 M. O. P., 3. 
 B. M., 4532. 
 
 Sauroglossum. Lindley.. Terrestrial. 
 
 Name from travpos, a lizard, and yXwo-ffa, a tongue. 
 Sauroglossum elatum B. R., 1618. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 387 
 
 Scaphiglottis. Poeppig. Epiphyte. 
 
 Scaphiglottis violacea B. R., 1901. 
 
 B. M., 4071. 
 
 Scaphiglottis pendula ....... P. and E., 98. 
 
 There is nothing to recommend to the amateur in 
 these two genera. 
 
 Schomburgkia. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Dedicated to Schomburgk. 
 B. Schomburgkia crispa. Demerara . B. R., 30, 23. 
 
 Sert. O., tab. 10. 
 
 Flowers brownish yellow ; lip white, marked with lilac 
 and edged with sulphur-yellow. 
 
 B. Schomburgkia Lyonsi. Jamaica . Fl. des Ser., 2130. 
 
 B. M., 5172. 
 
 Flower white, marked with reddish purple ; lip edged 
 with yellow. 
 
 B. Schomburgkia marginata. Surinam . B. M., 3729. 
 
 Sert. O., 13. 
 
 Flowers deep orange, edged with yellow ; lip delicate 
 lilac. 
 
 A. Schomburgkia tibicinis. ' Honduras. 
 
 B. M., 4476. B. R., 31, 30 var. 
 
 Bat., tab. n. Fl. des Ser., 49 var. 
 Perianth lilac outside ; chocolate inside ; lip white out- 
 side ; inside edged with lilac ; lateral lobes shaded yel- 
 
388 ORCHIDS. 
 
 low, and marked with lilac; the middle lobe has a yellow 
 spot, very delicately marked with lilac. 
 
 A. Schomburgkia undulata. La Guayra. 
 
 Pes., 32. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 21. 
 B. R., 1845, 53. 
 
 Perianth beautiful purple ; edges wavy ; lip small ; pur- 
 ple-violet. 
 
 This species resembles crispa, but differs in the size 
 and deeper color of the flowers. 
 
 These plants are best grown on blocks well covered 
 with moss. They require a good supply of heat and 
 moisture in the growing season, but during the long pe- 
 riod of rest require to be kept cool. They must be well 
 grown or they will not flower. 
 
 Scuticaria. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from scutica, a whip. 
 
 B. Scuticaria Dodgsoni. Demerara. 
 
 Leaves dark green, terete ; spike two-flowered ; flowers 
 brown and yellow ; lip white, marked with rose and yel- 
 low. A rare plant. 
 
 A. Scuticaria Hadwenii. Rio Janeiro. Fl. des Ser., 731. 
 
 B. M., 4629. 
 
 Very much resembles Scuticaria Steelii, but the flowers 
 are more erect and a few inches higher ; lip white, lighted 
 with deep rose. 
 
 Known also as Bifrenaria Hadwenii. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 389 
 
 / 
 
 C. Scuticaria Steelii. Demerara . . . . B. R., 1986. 
 
 The flowers proceed from the bottom of the bulb, and 
 are creamy yellow, spotted with brownish crimson. 
 
 These plants are best grown on blocks, with a little 
 moss ; they are of easy culture, but require to be kept 
 warm and moist. The flowers, which are more curious 
 than beautiful, are freely produced. Propagated by di- 
 vision. 
 
 Selenipedium. Lindley. 
 
 A proposed genus for Cypripedinum caridum (Pearcei), 
 caudatitm, Icevigatum, and Schliimii. 
 
 Sobralia. Ruiz and Pavon. Terrestrial. 
 
 For F. M. Sobral, a Spanish botanist. 
 
 B. Sobralia decora. Guatemala . . . Bat, tab. 26. 
 
 Reich. Xen., 30. 
 Flowers small, but produced for a long time. 
 
 A. Sobralia dichotoma. New Granada. Ruiz and Pavon. 
 Flowers pure white, in bunches ; they are large and of 
 
 great substance. 
 
 B. Sobralia fragrans. New Granada . . B. M., 4882. 
 Flowers pale yellow ; lip brighter yellow ; very fra- 
 grant. 
 
 A. Sobralia liliastrum. Bahia . . . Sert. O., tab. 29. 
 
 Perianth white ; lip deep rose. 
 
 There is a variety with lip golden yellow, and perianth 
 deep rose. 
 
390 ORCHIDS. 
 
 \ 
 
 A. Sobralia macrnntha. Guatemala. M. O. P., 2. 
 
 B. M., 4446. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 14, 241. 
 
 Bat, tab. 37. 
 
 Fl. des Sen, 669. 
 
 Perianth violet-purple ; lip large, of same color, with 
 yellow spot, edged with white. The flowers are six inches 
 across. 
 
 Sobralia macrantha splendens 
 
 Has darker flowers than the species, but not so large. 
 This is often called " Woolley's variety;" it is of dwarf 
 growth, and the flowers are among the most showy of 
 Orchids. We have a plant two feet in diameter, which is 
 magnificent when in bloom. 
 
 Sobralia Ruckeri. New Granada . . Reich. Xen., 142. 
 Flowers large ; sepals and petals dark mauve ; lip 
 crimson, with white centre. This species produces four 
 flowers in a spike, which, unlike those of other species, 
 all expand at the same time. A rare plant. 
 
 C. Sobralia sessilis. Guiana . . . . B. M., 4570. 
 
 B. R., 1841, 17. 
 
 M. O. P., i. 
 
 Perianth rose ; lip of a deeper shade. Flowers remain 
 in perfection only a few hours. 
 
 These plants should be grown in large, deep, well- 
 drained pots, in either the East Indian or the Mexican 
 house, in rough peat, with copious waterings during 
 growth, but very little when at rest. Propagated by 
 division. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 391 
 
 Sophronitis. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from <r4>poj/a, modest. 
 
 C. Sophronitis cernua. Rio Janeiro . . B. M., 3677. 
 
 B. R., 1129. 
 
 Flowers carmine; lip same color; yellow shading, 
 small, in bunches, in winter. 
 
 Sophronitis coccinea. Brazil. 
 
 Flowers three inches in diameter; sepals and petals 
 brilliant scarlet ; lip yellow, with vermilion bars. 
 
 A. Sophronitis grandiflora. Rio Janeiro. 
 
 B. R., 1919, as Cat- M. O. P., i. 
 
 tkya. Fl. des Ser., 19, 1716. 
 
 Jen. Orch., 5. Sert. O., tab. 5. 
 
 F. M., 329. B. M., 3709. 
 
 Flowers large, bright scarlet, the lateral lobes tinted 
 with yellow. Blooms in November and December. 
 
 C. Sophronitis violacea. Rio Janeiro . B. R., 1840, 18. 
 Flowers violet, marked with lilac. Easily distinguished 
 by its numerous dry and scaly bracts. 
 
 The two first species should be grown on blocks, with 
 moss ; care must be taken not to keep them too wet or 
 dry ; the plants are small, and need constant attention. 
 
 During the resting season they should have but very 
 little water, but should never be allowed to dry. The 
 last-named species may be grown in a pot with moss. 
 
392 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Specklinia. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name for Rudolph Specklin. 
 There is nothing to recommend in this genus. 
 
 Stanhopea. Hooker. Epiphyte. 
 
 Dedicated to Earl Stanhope. 
 B. Stanhopea aurea. Guatemala. 
 
 Sepals clear orange, marked with purple ; petals a 
 deeper shade of the same color marked with deeper pur- 
 ple ; lip deep orange, with a purple spot on each side. 
 Flowers large and fragrant. 
 
 B. Stanhopea Barkerii. 
 
 This is a variety of Stanhopea Wardii, without the 
 eyes ; the lip is delicate white ; flower very fragrant. 
 
 B. Stanhopea Bucephalus. Quito . . M. O. P., 2. 
 
 SYNS. Epidendrum grandiflorum B. R., 1845, 24. 
 
 (Humboldt and Bonplan). B. M., 5278. 
 Anguloa grandiflora. 
 
 Flowers pale yellow, with two black eyes at the base of 
 each petal \ crimson marking on the sepals j lip deep yel- 
 low j very fragrant. 
 
 B. Stanhopea Cavendishii. Peru. 
 Flowers white, marked with purple. 
 
 B. Stanhopea Devoniensis. Mexico . Fl. des Ser., 974. 
 SYNS. Stanhopea maculosa Sert. Orch., i. 
 
 (Lodd. Cab.). 
 Anguloa Hernanderii (Kunth). 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 393 
 
 Flowers yellow, with brownish crimson spots ; lip white } 
 with deep purple blotches. 
 
 B. Stanhopea ecornuta. Central America. Fl. des Ser., 181. 
 
 B. M., 4885. 
 
 Sepals and petals white, delicately spotted with yellow- 
 ish red at the top ; petals much smaller than the sepals ; 
 lip orange-yellow, shading to pure white, without the 
 horns so prominent in other species. 
 
 B. Stanhopea eburnea. Brazil . . B. M., 3359. 
 SYN. Stanhopea grandiflora B. R., 1529. 
 (Lindley). I. H, 531. 
 
 Maund, Bot., 4, 176. 
 
 Perianth ivory white ; lip varies in color j very fra- 
 grant. 
 
 Stanhopea grandiflora. Trinidad. 
 
 Perianth and lip pure white ; whole flower very large. 
 
 B. Stanhopea graveolens. Peru . . Fl. des Ser., 69, 70. 
 Perianth delicate pale yellow ; lip beautiful egg-yellow, 
 shading to ivory white, delicately marked with purple. 
 The perfume of this species is so strong as to be dis- 
 agreeable. 
 
 B. Stanhopea guttulata or guttata. Peru. Lem. Jard., 309. 
 Perianth nankeen-yellow, covered as well as the lip 
 with small crimson dots. 
 
 Stanhopea inodora. Mexico . . . B. R., 1845, ta ^- 65. 
 
 M. O. P., i. 
 Flowers pale straw color ; upper part of lip deep 
 
394 ORCHIDS. 
 
 orange-yellow. Flowers without perfume. Stanhopea 
 amotna is probably a variety of this species. 
 
 B. Stanhopea insignis. Brazil . . . B. M., 2948, 2949. 
 
 B. R, 1837. 
 
 Lodd. Cab., 1985. 
 
 Sert. Bot., 7. 
 
 Sepals pale yellow, marked with purplish red ; petals 
 pale yellow, with brownish spots ; lip white, marked with 
 blood-red. 
 
 The following are good varieties of this species : 
 Stanhopea insignis atrorubens. 
 S. insignis leucochila. 
 S. insignis major. 
 S. insignis ptinctata. 
 S. insignis spedosa. 
 S. insignis stiperba. 
 
 B. Stanhopea maculosa. Mexico . . . FI. Cab., 121. 
 This plant is only a variety of Stanhopea tigrina, with 
 smaller flowers and different markings. 
 
 B. Stanhopea Lindleyana. Brazil. 
 
 Flowers white, slightly rosy, plentifully marked with 
 rings of crimson and brown. 
 
 A. Stanhopea Martiana. Mexico . M. O. P., 5. 
 
 Bat, i, 27. 
 
 Fl. des Sen, 2 1 12. 
 
 Sepals and petals straw-colored, spotted with red ; lip 
 ivory-white. 
 
 A. Stanhopea Martiana bicolor. Oaxaca. B. R., 1843, 44. 
 Flowers pure white, richly but sparsely marked with 
 crimson ; large and fragrant. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 395 
 
 B. Stanhopea oculata. Mexico . . . . B. M., 5300. 
 
 SYN. Ceratochilus oculatus. B. R., 1800. 
 
 Flowers yellow, spotted with small purple rings ; lip 
 
 with a large spot somewhat resembling an eye on each 
 
 lobe. 
 
 Stanhopea oculata Barkeriana. 
 
 This plant resembles Stanhopea msignis, with the lip of 
 Stanhopea oculata. 
 
 B. Stanhopea quadricornis. Central America. 
 
 M. O. P, 3. 
 
 B. R., 1838, 5. 
 
 Sepals yellow, marked with red ; lip rose-carmine at 
 the base, shading through greenish white to a yellow tip. 
 
 B. Stanhopea Ruckeri. Mexico . . . Lem. Jard., 375. 
 This species resembles Stanhopea Wardii, but is paler 
 in color, has much more white, and is spotted. 
 
 B. Stanhopea saccata. Guatemala .... Bat, 15. 
 Perianth pale greenish yellow ; lip ivory-white at the 
 tip, the centre drawn into the form of a sack, of a deep 
 orange-yellow. The odor is even stronger than Stan- 
 hopea graveolens. 
 
 B. Stanhopea saccata violacea. Bahia. 
 
 This is a fine variety of the preceding. The sack, in- 
 stead of being yellow, is a beautiful deep violet ; perfume 
 pleasant. 
 
 A. Stanhopea tigrina. Mexico . . . M. O. P., 4. 
 
 B. M., 4197. 
 B. R., 1839, i. 
 Bat., 7. 
 
396 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Sepals large, deep, nankeen yellow ; petals narrow, the 
 same color ; both covered with large, irregular orange- 
 red spots ; lip yellow, with deep purple, chocolate spots. 
 Flowers very large and fragrant. 
 
 Stanhopea tigrina lutescens. A fine variety from Guate- 
 mala. Flowers brilliant yellow or orange, barred with 
 deep chocolate. 
 
 Stanhopea tigrina superba . . . Fl. des Ser., 713715. 
 A variety with deeper colors than the species, and 
 spotted with reddish violet, producing the largest flowers 
 of the genus. 
 
 A. Stanhopea virginalis. Bahia. 
 
 Flowers large, pure white, smelling like orange-blos- 
 soms, and remaining long in perfection. 
 
 B. Stanhopea Wardii. La Guayra . Fl. Cab., 90. 
 
 B. M., 5289. 
 Sert. O., tab. 20. 
 
 Perianth dull yellow, with brown spots ; lip red, yellow, 
 and orange. 
 
 All the plants of this genus are worthy of a place in a 
 collection. The flowers are produced several together, 
 on spikes from the bottom of the bulbs. The plants 
 should be grown in shallow hanging baskets filled with 
 coarse peat, moss, and charcoal, with plenty of space 
 between the bars of the baskets for the flower-stalks to 
 push out. 
 
 Care should be taken not to rot the young shoots by 
 water, which from their shape they easily retain. 
 
 During the long rest which they require, they should 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 397 
 
 be kept almost dry at the roots. The flowers are usually 
 produced in summer and autumn, and remain only a few 
 days in perfection. These plants should not be repotted 
 oftener than once in three or four years ; but when the 
 masses of pseudo-bulbs grow large, the plants flower bet- 
 ter if they are broken up. 
 
 Stenia. Linden and Reichenbach. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from erev^s, narrow, from the form of the pollinia. 
 A. Stenia fimbriata. New Granada . . . I. H., 3, 80. 
 A very showy plant (without pseudo-bulbs), with long, 
 narrow, dark-green leaves. Flowers on slender scapes 
 from base of foliage, bright yellow, with paler lip, beauti- 
 fully fringed and spotted with carmine. Blooms in sum- 
 mer. 
 
 Stenia pallida. Demerara B. R., 24, 20. 
 
 Flowers yellowish white, spotted with red. 
 
 These plants require the same treatment as Masdevallias. 
 
 Stelis, Stenocoryne, Stenorhynchus. 
 
 These genera (all except Stenorhynchus epiphytes) offer 
 little worthy the attention of the amateur. 
 
 Thunia. Reichenbach. Terrestrial. 
 
 Name in compliment to Von Thun. 
 
 A. Thunia alba. India Pax. Mag., 5, 125. 
 
 SYN. Phajus albus. B. R., 1838, 33. 
 
 B. M., 3991. 
 
398 ORCHIDS. 
 
 This plant has already been described under its former 
 name, Phajus. It is a deciduous plant, producing terminal 
 racemes of pure white flowers, with lines of lilac, just as 
 growth has finished. The foliage is glaucous green, and 
 when well grown the flowers are large, making it a most 
 effective plant. 
 
 A. Thunia Bensonice. Moulmein . . . Jen. Orch., 35. 
 
 B. M., 5694. 
 
 This is a stouter- growing species than Thunia alba, but 
 not so tall. It resembles it in foliage, but the flowers are 
 lilac-purple ; lip rich purple, crested with bright yellow. 
 A very beautiful Orchid. 
 
 Thunia nivalis is a pure white variety of Thunia alba. 
 
 These plants should be potted in coarse fibrous peat, 
 with a little silver sand, and with good drainage, when 
 the buds swell at the base of the pseudo-bulbs. They 
 should then be placed in the warmest house, and have an 
 abundance of water. After blooming, gradually reduce 
 the supply of water until the leaves fall ; then remove the 
 plants to the cooler house, and only give enough water 
 to keep the stems from shriveling. 
 
 They are easily propagated by division or by cutting 
 up the stem just when growth is completed, and rooting 
 the pieces in slight bottom heat, like ordinary cuttings. 
 
 Trichocentrum. Poeppig and Endlicher. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from 0/w', a hair, and Kfvrpov, a spur, from the long, narrow 
 spur of the labellum. 
 
 A. Trichocentrum atropurpureum. Rio Negro. 
 
 B. M., 5688. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 399 
 
 An exceedingly pretty plant. Petals maroon-brown 
 inside, yellowish green outside; lip large, white with two 
 bright purple spots. There are two varieties, one with 
 very broad, the other with a narrow lip. 
 
 C. Trichocentrum fuscum. Mexico . . . B. M., 3969. 
 
 B. R., 1951. 
 
 A species with very dark foliage ; brownish yellow 
 flowers, with white lip, marked with dull red. 
 
 A. Trichocentrum tigrinum. Brazil. 
 
 A rare species. Flowers very large, maroon purple ; 
 lip very large, white, with orange base. 
 
 There are many other species, chiefly interesting to the 
 botanist. These plants should be grown on blocks or in 
 small baskets, in a moderate temperature ; they bloom 
 freely, and require little care. 
 
 Trichopilia. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from Qpl, hair, and iriXiov, a little hat. 
 
 B. Trichopilia Candida. Mexico. 
 
 Flowers wholly white ; lip drawn out into a long horn ; 
 very fragrant. Pilumna fragrans is sometimes called Tri- 
 chopilia Candida. 
 
 B. Trichopilia coccinea. New Granada. Pax. Fl. G., 54. 
 
 Card. Mag., 185. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 1490. 
 
 Lem. Jard., 184. 
 
 Sepals and petals brownish and yellow ; lip deep crim- 
 son, with a narrow edge of white. 
 
4OO ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. Trichopilia crispa. Costa Rica . War. Orch., 5. 
 
 B. M., 4857, as 
 
 coccinea. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 115. 
 Fl. des Ser., 1925. 
 
 A larger plant than the last, but resembling it in 
 growth. The spike is pendulous, producing two or three 
 flowers, rich port wine color, sometimes edged with white ; 
 lip crisped, deeply lobed, rosy crimson inside, but white 
 outside. The same bulb produces two crops of flowers. 
 There are fine varieties. 
 
 Trichopilia fragrans. SYN. of Pilumna fragrans. 
 
 B. Trichopilia Galeottiana. Mexico. 
 
 Flowers large, white or straw-color ; lip light pink, suf- 
 fused with yellow, and margined with white ; sepals and 
 petals not twisted. 
 
 Trichopilia hymenantha. New Granada . Reich. Xen., 7 
 
 B. M., 5949. 
 
 This is the most delicate of the genus. The foliage is 
 long, narrow, recurved, the raceme six to eight-flowered ; 
 sepals and petals white ; lip broad white, speckled with 
 blood-red. 
 
 C. Trichopilia laxa. Mexico . . . . B. R., 1846, 57. 
 A species with dark green foliage, mottled with brown- 
 ish spots, and half erect spikes of three to five flowers, 
 which are greenish white, tinged with purple, with creamy 
 white lip. 
 
ORCHIDS. 4OI 
 
 A. Trichopilia lepida. Costa Rica . . . F. M., 2, 98. 
 A species of recent introduction and very rare. The 
 plant bears a strong resemblance to Trichopilia crispa, the 
 flowers are pale lilac-pink, margined with white, the cen- 
 tre of the lip orange. 
 
 Trichopilia marginata. SYN. of Trichopilia coccinea. 
 
 C. Trichopilia picta. Chiapas I. H., 225. 
 
 Flowers pale yellow, spotted with brown. 
 
 A. Trichopilia suavis. Central America. Bat. 2d Cen., 164. 
 
 Pax. Fl. G., ii. 
 
 B. M., 4654. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 761. 
 
 I. H., 200. 
 
 Lem. Jard., 227. 
 
 Flowers large, perianth pale nankeen-yellow ; lip white, 
 very large, richly marked with clear lilac, with delicate 
 transverse yellow line in the centre. A beautiful plant, 
 very fragrant. Blooms in March and April. There are 
 many varieties varying much in color ; of our plants 
 scarce two are alike. 
 
 B. Trichopilia tortilis. Mexico . . Maund, Bot, 122. 
 
 B. M., 3739. 
 B. R., 1863. 
 Fl. Cab., 101. 
 
 Perianth brownish yellow, twisted like a corkscrew ; lip 
 white, spotted with red. There are two varieties Tri- 
 chopilia punctata and T. rubra both worthy a place in 
 collections. This species blooms at different seasons, 
 26 
 
402 ORCHIDS. 
 
 and by having several plants flowers may be had all the 
 time. 
 
 B. Trichopilia Turialvce. Costa Rica. Bat. 2d Cen., 162. 
 
 B. M., 5550. 
 
 This species somewhat resembles in color Trichopilia 
 picta. The flower is yellowish white ; lip deeper yellow, 
 spotted with red. 
 
 There are other species and new are constantly dis- 
 covered. Some are dull-colored and small-flowered, but 
 most are well worthy of cultivation. 
 
 These plants should be grown in the cool house, in 
 well drained pots, with peat, with not much water at the 
 roots at any time. They will also do well on cork, with 
 moss. If grown in pots they should be well elevated 
 above the rim, as thus the drooping flowers appear to 
 better advantage. 
 
 Trigonidium. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from rpiywvov, a triangle, and e?5oy, resemblance. 
 
 Trigonidium obtusum B. R., 1923. 
 
 This genus affords no plants of interest. 
 
 Uropedium. Lindley. Terrestrial. 
 
 Name from ovpd, a tail, and tr&iov, slipper. 
 
 A. Uropedium Lindenii. Colombia . Pes., 2. 
 
 Reich. Xen., 15. 
 
 This plant somewhat resembles Cypripedium caudatum. 
 The colors are generally dull yellowish white or green, 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 403 
 
 with veins of purple. The remarkable feature of the 
 plant is the prolongation of the petals and lip to the ex- 
 traordinary length of eighteen inches. The plant requires 
 the same general culture as Cypripedhim, but must at times 
 have plenty of water. Its resting season is very short, and 
 it must never be allowed to dry up. The flower comes 
 from the centre of the leaves, after growth is completed. 
 
 I 
 Vanda. Brown. Epiphyte. 
 
 The Indian name. 
 
 A. Vanda Batemanii. Philippines . M. O. P., i. 
 
 B. R., 1846, 59. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 1921. 
 
 A magnificent plant. The flowers are yellow, sprinkled 
 with crimson spots ; the back of the sepals and petals 
 beautiful purple-rose shading to violet. Blooms in sum- 
 mer. 
 
 A. Vanda Bensonia. Rangoon . . Bat. 2d Cen., 192. 
 
 B. M., 5611. 
 
 A very pretty species, producing flowers of medium 
 size, white outside, olive-green, dotted with red, inside \ 
 lip white and purple ; flower-spikes many -flowered ; blos- 
 soms peculiarly fragrant. The roots of this species are 
 thicker than any other. 
 
 B. Vanda Cathcartii. India . . . Fl. des Ser., 1251. 
 
 F. M., 2, 66. Jen. Orch., 10. 
 
 I. H., 187. B. M, 5845- 
 
 Flowers large and fleshy, chocolate-brown and yellow. 
 A plant of rambling growth, and inferior to many of the 
 genus. 
 
404 ORCHIDS. 
 
 A. Vanda ccerulea. East Indies . . Fl. des Ser., 609. 
 I. H., 246. Pax. Fl. G., 36. 
 
 Lem. Jard., 102. M. O. P., 2. 
 War. Orch., 18. Jen. Orch., 34. 
 
 Pes., 29. 
 
 Flowers large, four inches in diameter, delicate blue 
 lip short, of a deeper blue. Blooms in autumn. This is 
 one of the loveliest of Orchids. Well executed as the 
 pictures of it are, they fail to give a just idea of its 
 beauty, which indeed no words can describe. No collec- 
 tion should be without this charming plant. It blooms 
 freely and grows well, but does not require as much heat 
 as the other species. We grow our plants in baskets, in 
 preference to pots. Large plants are very scarce. 
 
 A. Vanda ccerulescens. Burmah . . B. M., 5834 (very 
 
 badly colored). 
 
 A little gem of a plant. Foliage narrow. Flowers 
 on a very long spike, lilac-blue, with rich deep-blue lip. 
 The individual flowers are small, but the spike is many- 
 flowered, and the colors are very 'attractive. Grow in a 
 basket suspended from the roof, in the warmest house. 
 
 Vanda congesta. See Saccolabium pappillosum. 
 
 A. Vanda cristata. Nepaul B. R., 28, 48. 
 
 B. M., 4304. 
 
 M. O. P., 3. 
 
 Perianth white, tinted with green ; lip very large, yel- 
 lowish white, striped with brownish purple. Blooms from 
 March to July. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 405 
 
 A. Vanda Denisoniana. Burmah . . . B. M. x 5811. 
 
 I. H., 3, 150. 
 
 The flowers are produced on short racemes, are five 
 or six in number, very fleshy, about two inches in diam- 
 eter, pure white, tinged with green, with faint orange at 
 the base of the lip. 
 
 Vanda densiflora. SYN. of Saccolabium giganteum. 
 
 C. Vanda furva. East Indies . . . . B. R., 1844, 42. 
 SYNS. Angrczcum furvum (Rum- B. M., 3416, as 
 
 phius). 
 
 Cym&idi!tmfurvum(Wi\lderiovf). V. unicolor. 
 Epidendrum furvum (Linn.). 
 Flowers brownish copper-color, with rose lip. 
 
 A. Vanda gigantea. East Indies. Lindley. 
 
 SYN. Vanda Lindley ana. Bat. 2d Cen., 142. 
 
 B. M., 5189. 
 I. H., 277. 
 
 Flowers large, deep yellow, with cinnamon-brown 
 blotches. The leaves of this plant are very thick and 
 massive, and the whole effect is majestic. As the plants 
 get larger, they will prove the most imposing of Orchids. 
 
 B. Vanda Griffithii. East Indies. Griffith. 
 
 Flowers yellowish brown inside, checkered ; lip lilac, 
 marked at the base with deep yellow spots. Flowers 
 small, in a corymb. 
 
 A. Vanda helvola. Java. Blume. 
 
 Flowers large, wine-red, shading to pale purple, with 
 lateral lobes of a deeper purple. 
 
406 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Vanda Hookeri. India. 
 
 A plant resembling a small form of Vanda teres. It is 
 in cultivation, but has not yet bloomed. 
 
 A. Vanda insignis. Moluccas .... Jen. Orch., 46. 
 
 B. M, 5759. 
 
 Flowers copper-brown, spotted with rich red, yellowish 
 on the outside ; lip large, white, with rich purple red 
 centre. A very beautiful and fragrant species. 
 
 R. Vanda lamellata. Philippines . . B. R., 1838, 125. 
 Flowers pale yellow, striped with dull red. 
 
 A. Vanda limbata. Java B. M., 6173. 
 
 A species nearly related to Vanda insignis, but distinct 
 in foliage, form of lip, and color of flower. Spike erect, 
 of medium length, ten or twelve flowered. Flowers two' 
 inches in diameter, cinnamon-color, tesselated with golden 
 border ; lip pale lilac. A rare species. 
 
 Vanda Lowii. SYN. of Renanthera Lowii. 
 Vanda parviflora. SYN. of Aerides Wightii. 
 
 A. Vanda Roxburghii. East Indies. B. M., 2245, 3416, 
 SYNS. Vanda tesselata. var. unicolor. 
 
 Cymbidium tesselatum. SYN. V.furva. 
 
 B. R., 506. 
 Fl. des Ser., 2, n. 
 Sert. Bot., 7. 
 
 Flowers white, but varying much in color ; lip purple. 
 There are two varieties, one having a much deeper col- 
 ored lip. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST 4O/ 
 
 A. Vanda suavis. East Indies . . . Pes., 8. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 125. B. M., 5174. 
 
 Fl. des Ser., 1604. J en . Orch., 23. 
 
 Perianth white outside, tinted with rosy carmine ; lip 
 lilac, tipped with white. Flowers very fragrant. A very 
 beautiful plant. It blooms generally in spring, but often 
 at other seasons. Of free growth, easy culture, and ex- 
 quisitely beautiful, it is a most desirable plant. There 
 are many varieties, all good. 
 
 A. Vanda teres. Sylhet B. M., 4014. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 5, 193. B. R., 1809. 
 
 Flowers blood-red, bordered with white ; lip veined 
 with yellow and spotted with crimson. This species is 
 difficult to flower. It should be kept almost dry during 
 the winter. Does bast on a block of wood plunged in a 
 pot. The stems look like green quills. Flowers four 
 inches in diameter, and exquisitely beautiful. 
 
 Vanda teres Andersoni. A variety with richer colored 
 flowers, and more free in producing them. 
 
 Vanda tesselata. SYN. of Vanda Roxburghii. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 7, 265. 
 
 A. Vanda tricolor. Manilla .... Pes., 42. 
 
 Pax. Fl. G., 42. B. M., 4432. 
 
 War. Orch., 2, 30. B. R., 1847. 
 
 Lem. Jard., 136. Fl. des Ser., 641. 
 
 Perianth white outside, pale yellow or white, richly 
 spotted with purple, inside ; lip deep violet, marked with 
 white ; flowers large. Of this lovely plant there are 
 many varieties, some of surpassing beauty, and all good. 
 We know of fifteen well defined. They differ in shades of 
 
408 ORCHIDS. 
 
 color, intensity of lip and size, and profusion of flower. 
 The most distinct are Vanda tricolor Dodgsoni, superba, 
 multiflora, and Russelliana. 
 
 Our largest plant is never out of bloom, and has this 
 last year had forty flowers at a time. 
 
 Vanda violacea. SYN. of Saccolabium violaceum. 
 
 These plants require to be treated like Aerides. Their 
 season of rest is ordinarily in the winter, when they should 
 be kept cooler and have less water than during the grow- 
 ing season. They thrive well in large, deep wooden bas- 
 kets, in moss and potsherds. We grow the small plants 
 in hanging baskets, the larger in Orchid pots. Being 
 natives of hot countries, they need the hottest house, but 
 we find they do not require as high a temperature as 
 most growers give them, and in our warmest house the 
 thermometer frequently falls to fifty at night, the plants 
 seeming to thrive better for this same cool treatment. 
 
 Vanilla. Plumier. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from the Spanish. 
 
 Lodd. Cab., 733. 
 
 The species, Vanilla aromatica and planifolia, are grown 
 not so much for the flowers, which are insignificant, as to 
 obtain the fruit by artificial impregnation, which is easily 
 performed. The plants are best grown in pots in peat 
 and leaf mould, and should be trained to wires and al- 
 lowed to droop from the rafters. They should have heat 
 and moisture during the growing season. 
 
 Vanilla hitescens. La Guayra . . . Fl. des Ser., 2218. 
 A newly introduced and very rare plant ; petals and 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 409 
 
 sepals greenish yellow ; lip very bright yellow ; flowers 
 large, two or more together, from axils of leaves, resem- 
 bling somewhat in general appearance Cattleya ritrina. 
 
 Vanilla Phalcenopsis. Madagascar . Fl. des Sen, 1769. 
 Flowers large, white, with rich orange lip ; produced in 
 large bunches from the axils of the leaves. A very beau- 
 tiful plant. 
 
 w. 
 
 Warrea. Lindley. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name for Mr. Frederic Warre. 
 Warrea Candida. SYN. of Warscewiczella Candida. 
 
 B. Warrea cyanea. Colombia . . Fl. des Ser., i, 51. 
 
 B. R., 1845, 28. 
 
 Perianth white ; lip most beautiful blue. 
 
 Warrea digitata. SYN. of Warscewiczella Candida. 
 
 Warrea Lindeniana. New Granada . Card. Mag., 177. 
 A tall-growing species ; flowers on tall spike from base 
 of pseudo-bulbs, large, yellowish white ; lip lilac at the 
 base, streaked with purple. 
 
 Warrea marginata and Warrea quadrata. SYNS. of 
 Warsceiuiczella quadrata. 
 
 B. Warrea tricolor. Brazil B. M., 4235. 
 
 Perianth pure white; lip white, marked with purple 
 and yellow. 
 
 Warrea Wailesiana. SYN. of Warscewiczella Wailesiana. 
 
4IO ORCHIDS. 
 
 These plants do well with moderately warm culture in 
 pots in peat and moss. They must not be allowed to dry 
 up, and are impatient of bad drainage. All are neat in 
 habit, and showy in flower ; they require no rest, and 
 bloom freely. 
 
 Warscewiczella. Reichcnbach. Epiphyte. 
 
 In honor of Von WarscewScz. 
 
 A. Warscewiczella Candida. Bahia .... Pes., 15. 
 Perianth pure white ; lip white, with a rich purple spot. 
 
 A. Warscewiczella cochleata. Trinidad . . B. R., 1857. 
 SYN. Zygopetalum cochleare. B. M., 3585. 
 
 Perianth white ; lip blue, veined with red. 
 
 Warscewiczella discolor. Costa Rica . B. M., 4830, as 
 
 Warrea. 
 
 Flowers pale lemon color, tinged with purple ; lip dull 
 purple. 
 
 Warscewiczella marginata. SYN. of Warscewiczella quad- 
 rata. 
 
 Warscewiczella quadrata. Central America. 
 
 B. M., 4766. I. H., 552. 
 
 Bat. 2d Cen., 127. Pes., 6. 
 
 Flowers white ; lip very large, white, with bright red 
 margin. Known also as Huntleya marginata. 
 
 Warscewiczella velata. New Granada . . B. M., 5582. 
 Leaves in tufts of about five, usually with four single 
 flowered peduncles ; sepals and petals yellowish white ; 
 lip same color, but with crimson margin, with purple 
 lines ; flower very large. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 41 1 
 
 B. Warscciviczdla Wailesiana. Rio Janeiro. 
 
 A species much resembling Warscewiczella Candida, and 
 perhaps the same ; the spot on the lip is violet ; flowers 
 fragrant. 
 
 z. 
 
 Zygopetalum. Hooker. Epiphyte. 
 
 Name from vy6s, a yoke, and ir&a.\ov, a petal. 
 Zygopetalum aromaticum. Central America. 
 
 Reich. Xen., 73. 
 
 A rare species ; sepals and petals light green ; lip 
 large, deep blue, margined with white ; very fragrant. 
 
 A. Zygopetalum brachypetalum. Brazil. 
 
 Sepals and petals violet, marbled with green and deep 
 blush violet ; lip veined with white. 
 
 Zygopetalum cerinum. See Huntleya cerina. 
 
 Zygopetalum cochleare. SYN. of Warscewiczella cochleata. 
 
 A. Zygopetalum crinitiun. Brazil . . Lodd. Cab., 1687. 
 
 Perianth yellowish green, marked with brown ; lip 
 white, with longitudinal rays and velvety purple spots. 
 
 A variety of Zygopetalum Mackayi, but with larger and 
 better colored flowers. 
 
 Zygopetalum crinitum cceruleum. 
 
 A variety of crinitum, with white or cream-colored lip, 
 barred with bright blue. Flowers large and fragrant. 
 
 OF THf 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
412 
 
 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Zygopetalum Gautieri. Brazil I. H., 535. 
 
 A pretty plant, by some considered a form of Zygopeta- 
 lum maxillard. 
 
 Flowers very large ; sepals and petals green, barred 
 with brown ; lip white, with intense purple blotch. 
 Blooms in spring. 
 
 Zygopelatum gramineum. 
 
 Leaves narrow, light green ; flowers white and purple, 
 two or three on a spike. 
 
 B. Zygopetalum intermedium. Brazil. B. R., 1844. 
 
 SYN. Zygopetalum velutinum Lodd. Cab., 1136. 
 
 (Loddiges). 
 
 This plant is a variety of Zygopetalum Mackayi, but 
 differs in having a pubescent and downy lip. It also 
 blooms in autumn. 
 
 A. Zygopetalum Mackayi. Brazil. Lodd. Cab., 1674. 
 Pax. Mag., 3, 97. Sert. Bot, 7. 
 B. M., 2748. 
 
 Perianth greenish yellow, spotted with brown ; lip 
 white, marked with purple. 
 
 There are varieties differing in the color of the lip. 
 
 A. Zygopetalum maxillare. Brazil . Lodd. Cab., 1776. 
 
 B. M., 3686. 
 
 Pax. Mag., 4, 271. 
 
 Perianth yellow-green, barred with chocolate ; lip beau- 
 tiful deep blue. Flowers on drooping spikes. 
 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST. 
 
 413 
 
 A. Zygopetalum rostratum. Demerara . . B. M., 2819. 
 
 Perianth yellowish-green lip white, veined with rose. 
 This species requires more heat and moisture than the 
 others. 
 
 B. Zygopetalum steuochilum. Brazil . Lodcl. Cab., 1923. 
 
 B. M., 2819. 
 
 This appears to be a smaller variety of Zygopetalum 
 Mackayi. 
 
 These plants will do well in either house in pots with 
 peat and good drainage, and plenty of water at the roots. 
 They need a rest of about two months, but should never 
 be allowed to become wholly dry. They mostly bloom in 
 autumn. Propagated by division. 
 
 CYPRIPEDIUM CONCOLOR. 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLE 
 Of the Genera, with the Tribe to which they belong. 
 
 GENERA. 
 
 TRIBE. 
 
 Acanthophippium .... 
 
 Vandeae. 
 Vandeae 
 
 
 Vandeas 
 
 Ada 
 
 Vandeas 
 
 
 "VandcsE 
 
 
 Vandca^ 
 
 A^anisia . 
 
 Vandc3 
 
 Anasctocliilus 
 
 NcottcsG 
 
 
 Vandea^ 
 
 
 Vandc3E 
 
 Ansellia .... 
 
 Vandcas 
 
 Aporum 
 
 Malaxidcas 
 
 
 Vandca^ 
 
 
 Epidcndrca^ 
 
 Arpophyllum 
 
 Epidcndrca^ 
 
 
 Vandca^ 
 
 
 ElpidcndrcsB 
 
 
 Vandeae. 
 
 Bifrenaria ..... 
 
 VandciE 
 
 Bletia 
 
 EpidcndrccC 
 
 
 Malaxidca^ 
 
 Bollea 
 
 Vandc3 
 
 Brasavola 
 
 Epidcndi'CeC 
 
 
 Vandeae 
 
 
 VandcsE 
 
 Brou"htonia 
 
 Epidcndrcas 
 
 Burlin r tonia ...... 
 
 Vandeae 
 
 
 Vandeae 
 
 
 Vandeas 
 
 Camarotis .... 
 
 Vandeae 
 
 Catasetuim 
 
 Vandea? 
 
 Cattleya 
 
 Epidcndrcas 
 
 
 Vandeae. 
 
 Cirrhaea . 
 
 Vandeae. 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLE. 
 
 415 
 
 GENERA. 
 
 TRIBE. 
 
 
 Malaxideae. 
 
 Cleisostoma 
 
 Vandeas 
 
 
 Malaxideas 
 
 Ccelo^yne 
 
 Malnxideas 
 
 
 Vandeae 
 
 Comparettia 
 
 Fpidcndrc35 
 
 
 Vandeas 
 
 Cycnoches 
 
 Vandcas 
 
 
 Vandcas 
 
 Cypripedium . 
 
 Cypripedcas 
 
 Cyrtochilum 
 
 Vandeas 
 
 
 Vandcas 
 
 Cyrtopodium 
 
 Vandeas 
 
 Dendrobium 
 Dendrochilum .... 
 
 Malaxideas. 
 Malaxideae 
 
 Dichaea 
 
 Vandeas 
 
 
 Vandeas 
 
 Dienia 
 
 Malaxideas 
 
 
 Epidendrea^ 
 
 Dipodium 
 
 Vandeas 
 
 Disa 
 
 Oplirydeas 
 
 Drymoda 
 
 
 Kpidendrum 
 
 Epidendreas 
 
 Epistephium ... 
 
 
 Eria 
 
 Malaxideas 
 
 
 Epidendreas 
 
 Eulophia 
 
 Vandeas 
 
 Fernandezia 
 
 Vandeas 
 
 Galeandra 
 
 Vandeas 
 
 Galeottia 
 
 Vandeas. 
 
 Gon"ora 
 
 Vandeas 
 
 Goodyera 
 
 Neotteas. 
 
 Govenia 
 
 Vandeas 
 
 Grammatophyllum .... 
 Grobya 
 
 Vandeas. 
 Vandeas 
 
 Habenaria . 
 
 Oohrvdeae. 
 
416 
 
 ORCHIDS. 
 
 GENERA. 
 
 TRIBE. 
 
 Haemaria 
 
 Neotteae 
 
 Hartwe"ia 
 
 Epidendreae 
 
 Helcia . . . 
 
 Vandeae 
 
 
 Vandeae 
 
 Huntleya 
 
 Vandeae 
 
 lonopsis 
 
 Vandeae 
 
 Ipsea 
 
 Epidendreas 
 
 Isochilus 
 
 Epidendreae 
 
 Lacaena .... 
 
 Vandeas 
 
 Laelia 
 
 Epidcndrca^ 
 
 Laeliopsis . . . 
 
 Epidendr63B 
 
 Leptotes 
 
 Epidcndrca? 
 
 Limatodes 
 
 Vandeas. 
 
 
 Malaxidcas 
 
 Lissoch-ilus 
 
 Vandeae 
 
 Luddemannia 
 
 Vandeae 
 
 Luisia 
 
 Vandeas 
 
 Lycaste . 
 
 Vandcas 
 
 Masdevallia . . . 
 
 Vandcgg 
 
 Maxillaria 
 
 Vandcas 
 
 Megaclinium 
 Mesospinidium . . 
 
 Malaxideae. 
 Epidcndrca? 
 
 Miltonia 
 
 Vandcas 
 
 Mormodes 
 
 Vandeae 
 
 Myanthus 
 
 Vandeas 
 
 Nanodes 
 
 Vandeas 
 
 Nasonia 
 
 
 Neottia 
 
 Neottea^ 
 
 Notylia . 
 
 Vandeas 
 
 Octomeria 
 
 Ma.la.xideas 
 
 Odontoglossum 
 
 Vandeas 
 
 GEceocladus 
 
 Vandeae 
 
 Oncidium 
 
 Vandeae 
 
 JDrnithidium 
 
 Vandeae 
 
 Ornithocephalus . . . 
 
 Vandeae 
 
 Palumbina 
 
 Vandeae 
 
 Paphinia 
 
 Vandeae. 
 
ALPHABETICAL TABLE. 
 
 GlNERA. 
 
 TKIIJE. 
 
 
 Vancleas. 
 
 Peristeria 
 Phaius 
 
 Vandeas. 
 Epidendreas. 
 
 
 Vandeae. 
 
 
 Malaxideae. 
 
 
 Malaxideas. 
 
 
 Vandeas. 
 
 
 Malaxideae. 
 
 Pleurothallis 
 
 Malaxideae. 
 
 
 Vandeae. 
 
 Polvstachia, ... 
 
 Malaxideae. 
 
 
 Neotteag. 
 
 
 Neotteae. 
 
 
 Vandeae. 
 
 
 Vandeae. 
 
 
 Malaxideas. 
 
 
 Vandeae. 
 
 Saccolabiurn 
 
 Vandeae. 
 
 
 Vandeae. 
 
 Sarcochilus 
 
 Vandeae. 
 
 Sauro~lossu.ni 
 
 Neotteae. 
 
 Scaphi~lottis 
 
 Vandeae 
 
 Schornbur~lcia 
 
 Epidendreae. 
 
 Scuticaria 
 Sobralia 
 
 Vandeas. 
 Arethuseas. 
 
 Sophronitis . 
 
 Eoidendreae. 
 
 
 Malaxideas. 
 
 
 Vandeae. 
 
 
 Malaxideae. 
 
 
 Vandeae. 
 
 Stenocoryne .... 
 
 Vandeae. 
 
 
 Neotteae. 
 
 
 Vandeae. 
 
 Thunia 
 
 Epidendreae. 
 
 Trias 
 
 Malaxideae. 
 
 Trichocentrum 
 
 Vandeae. 
 
 27 
 
ORCHIDS. 
 
 GENERA. 
 
 TRIBE. 
 
 Trichopilia ' 
 
 Vandeae. 
 Vandeae. 
 Cypripedeae. 
 Vandeae. 
 Arethuseae. 
 Vandeae. 
 Vandeas. 
 Vandeae. 
 
 Tri"oriicliuin 
 
 UropGcliniTi 
 
 Vanda 
 
 Vanilla ... 
 
 "Warrea 
 
 
 Zveopetalum . 
 
 HOULLKTIA BROCKHLHURSTIANA. 
 
LIST OF PRINCIPAL ORCHIDS 
 GROWN AT GLEN RIDGE. 
 
 Acineta Humboltii. 
 Acineta longiscapa. 
 Ada aurantiaca. 
 Aerides afiine. 
 Aerides crii>pum. 
 Aerides Fieldingii. 
 Aerides Lobbii. 
 Aerides Lindleyanum. 
 Aerides maculosum. 
 Aerides odoratum. 
 Aerides odoratum majus. 
 Aerides suavissimum. 
 Aerides testaceum. 
 Aerides virens Dayanum. 
 Angraecum eburneum. 
 Angraecum falcatum. 
 Angraecum sesquipedale. 
 Ansellia africana. 
 Arpophyllum giganteum. 
 
 Bletia hyacinthina. 
 Brasavola Digbyana. 
 Brasavola glauca. 
 Brasavola venosa. 
 Brassia Lanceana. 
 Brassia verrucosa. 
 Broughtonia sanguinea. 
 
 Calanthe Veitchii. 
 
 Calanthe veratrifolia. 
 Calanthe vestita. 
 Calanthe vestita cuprea. 
 Calanthe vestita luteo oculata. 
 Calanthe vestito rubro oculata. 
 Calanthe vestita Turner!. 
 Camarotis purpurea. 
 Cattleya amethystina. 
 Cattleya amethystiglossa. 
 Cattleya Candida. 
 Cattleya Chocoensis. 
 Cattleya citrina. 
 Cattleya crispa. 
 Cattleya Dowiana. 
 Cattleya guttata Leopoldii. 
 Cattleya Harrisoniae. 
 Cattleya labiata (in variety). 
 Cattleya Loddigesii. 
 Cattleya marginata. 
 Cattleya maxima. 
 Cattleya Mossiae (in variety). | 
 Cattleya pumila. 
 Cattleya Schilleriana. 
 Cattleya Skinnerii. 
 Cattleya superba splendens. 
 Cattleya Trianae (in variety). 
 Cattleya Walkeriana. 
 Chysis bractescens. 
 Cirrhopetalum Medusae. 
 
420 
 
 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Ccelogyne cristata. 
 Ccelogyne speciosa. 
 Cymbidium giganteum. 
 Cymbidium Mastersii. 
 Cymbidium tigrinum. 
 Cypripeclium barbatum (in va- 
 riety). 
 
 Cypripedium biflorum. 
 Cypripedium caudatum. 
 Cypripedium Harrisianum. 
 Cypripedium hirsutissimum. 
 Cypripedium Hookerii. 
 Cypripedium insigne. 
 Cypripedium Lowii. 
 Cypripedium niveum. 
 Cypripedium Parishii..' 
 Cypripedium purpuratum. 
 Cypripedium Roezlii. 
 Cypripedium Stonei. 
 Cypripedium Veitchii. 
 Cypripedium venustum. 
 Cypripedium villosum. 
 Cyrtochilum maculatum. 
 Cyrtbchilum stellatum. 
 Cyrtopodium Andersonii. 
 
 Dendrobium aggregatum ma- 
 jus. 
 
 Dendrobium 
 Dendrobium 
 
 anum. 
 
 Dendrobium 
 Dendrobium 
 Dendrobium 
 Dendrobium 
 Dendrobium 
 
 perbum. 
 Dendrobium 
 Dendrobium 
 
 albosanguineum. 
 anosmum Day- 
 
 Bensoniae. 
 Calceolaria. 
 Cambridgianum. 
 chrysanthum. 
 chrysotoxum su- 
 
 crepidatum. 
 Dalhousianum. 
 
 Dendrobium densiflorum. 
 
 Dendrobium Devonianum. 
 
 Dendrobium dixanthum. 
 
 Dendrobium Falconerii. 
 
 Dendrobium fimbriatum. 
 
 Dendrobium formosum gigan- 
 teum. 
 
 Dendrobium Gibsonii. 
 
 Dendrobium heterocarpum. 
 
 Dendrobium Hillii. 
 
 Dendrobium infundibulum. 
 
 Dendrobium japonicum. 
 
 Dendrobium Jenkinsii. 
 
 Dendrobium lutecium. 
 
 Dendrobium macranthum. 
 
 Dendrobium McCarthiae. 
 
 Dendrobium moniliforme. 
 
 Dendrobium moschatum. 
 
 Dendrobium nobile (in variety) 
 
 Dendrobium Parishii. 
 
 Dendrobium Paxtonii. 
 
 Dendrobium Pierardii. 
 
 Dendrobium Pierardii latifo- 
 lium. 
 
 Dendrobium primulinum. 
 
 Dendrobium pulchellum. 
 
 Dendrobium pulchellum pur- 
 pureum. 
 
 Dendrobium senile. 
 
 Dendrobium speciosum. 
 
 Dendrobium tortile roseum. 
 
 Dendrobium transparens. 
 
 Dendrobium Wardianum. 
 
 Dendrochilum filiforme. 
 
 Dendrochilum glumaceum. 
 
 Epidendrum atropurpureum. 
 Epidendrum atropurpureum 
 roseum. 
 
LIST OF ORCHIDS. 
 
 421 
 
 Epidendrum aurantiacum. 
 Epidendrum ciliare latifolium. 
 Epidendrum crassifolium. 
 Epidendrum cuspidatum. 
 Epidendrum dichromum ama- 
 bile. 
 
 macrochilum. 
 nemorale majus. 
 phceniceum. 
 prismatocarpum. 
 Stamfordianum. 
 Stamfordianum 
 
 Epidendrum 
 Epidendrum 
 Epidendrum 
 Epidendrum 
 Epidendrum 
 Epidendrum 
 
 gracile. 
 
 Epidendrum vitellinum majus. 
 Eria stellata. 
 
 Galeandra Devoniana. 
 Gongora atropurpurea. 
 
 Hartwegia purpurea. 
 Houlletia Brocklehurstiana. 
 Huntleya cerina. 
 Huntleya violacea. 
 
 Laelia acuminata. 
 Laelia albida. 
 Laelia anceps. 
 Laelia autumnalis. 
 Laelia cinnabarina. 
 Laelia crispilabia. 
 Laelia flava. 
 Laelia Lindleyana. 
 Laelia majalis. 
 Laelia peduncularis. 
 Laelia Perrinii. 
 Laelia Perrinii major. 
 Laelia praestans. 
 Laslia purpurata. 
 Laelia superbiens. 
 
 Leptotes bicolor. 
 Leptotes serrulata. 
 Limatodes rosea (in variety). 
 Lycaste aromatica. 
 Lycaste cruenta. 
 Lycaste Harrisonii. 
 Lycaste lanipes. 
 Lycaste Skinnerii (in variety). 
 
 Maxillaria picta. 
 Maxillaria tenuifolia. 
 Maxillaria venusta. 
 Miltonia Candida. 
 Miltonia Moreliana. 
 Miltonia spectabilis. 
 Miltonia Warscewiczii. 
 
 Odontoglossum citrosmum. 
 Odontoglossum cordatum. 
 Odontoglossum Ehrenbergii. 
 Odontoglossum grande. 
 Odontoglossum Insleayi. 
 Odontoglossum nebulosum. 
 Odontoglossum Phalaenopsis. 
 Odontoglossum pulchellum. 
 Oncidium altissimum. 
 Oncidium ampliatum majus. 
 Oncidium aurosum. 
 Oncidium bicallosum. 
 Oncidium Cavendishii. 
 Oncidium crispum grandiflo* 
 
 rum. 
 
 Oncidium cornigerum. 
 Oncidium divaricatum. 
 Oncidium flexuosum. 
 Oncidium haematochilum. 
 Oncidium holochrysum. 
 Oncidium incurvum. 
 Oncidium Kramerianum. 
 
422 
 
 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Oncidium Lanceanum. 
 Oncidium leucochilum. 
 Oncidium Limminghei. 
 Oncidium luridum guttatum 
 
 (in variety). 
 Oncidium obryzatum. 
 Oncidium ornithorhyncum. 
 Oncidium Papilio. 
 Oncidium phymatochilum. 
 Oncidium sphacelatum. 
 Oncidium sphacelatum majus. 
 
 Peristeria elata. 
 Pliajus grandifolius. 
 Phajus maculatus. 
 Phajus Wallichii. 
 Phalzenopsis amabilis. 
 Phalaenopsis grandiflora aurea. 
 Phalaenopsis Luddemanniana. 
 Phalaenopsis Schilleriana. 
 Pilumna fragrans. 
 Pleione humilis. 
 Pleione Lagenaria. 
 Pleione maculata. 
 Pleione Wallichiana. 
 
 Saccolabium Blumei majus. 
 Saccolabium curvifolium. 
 Saccolabium giganteum. 
 Saccolabium guttatum. 
 Saccolabium Harrisonianum. 
 Saccolabium retusum. 
 Saccolabium violaceum. 
 Schomburgkia undulata. 
 Scuticaria Steelii. 
 Sobralia macrantha splendens. 
 Sophronitis grandiflora. 
 Stanhopea amoena. 
 Stanhopea aurea. 
 
 Stanhopea 
 Stanhopea 
 Stanhopea 
 
 lis. 
 
 Stanhopea 
 Stanhopea 
 Stanhopea 
 Stanhopea 
 Stanhopea 
 Stanhopea 
 Stanhopea 
 Stanhopea 
 Stanhopea 
 Stanhopea 
 Stanhopea 
 Stanhopea 
 
 Bucephalus. 
 Devoniensis. 
 eburnea spectabi- 
 
 grandiflora. 
 
 graveolens. 
 
 guttata. 
 
 inodora. 
 
 insignis. 
 
 Martiana. 
 
 oculata. 
 
 Ruckeri. 
 
 saccata. 
 
 tigrina. 
 
 tigrina superba. 
 
 Wardii. 
 
 Thunia alba. 
 Thunia Bensonias. 
 Trichopilia coccinea. 
 Trichopilia crispa. 
 Trichopilia Galleotiana. 
 Trichopilia suavis. 
 Trichopilia tortilis. 
 Trichopilia Turialvae. 
 
 Vanda Bensonias. 
 Vanda ccerulea. 
 Vanda ccerulescens, 
 Vanda Denisoniana. 
 Vanda gigantea. 
 Vanda suavis. 
 Vanda teres. 
 
 Vanda tricolor (in variety.) 
 Vanilla aromatica. 
 Vanilla Phalaenopsis. 
 
 Warscewiczella cochlearis. 
 
LIST OF ORCHIDS. 
 
 423 
 
 Zygopelatum crinitum. 
 Zygopelatum crinitum cceru- 
 leum. 
 
 Zygopelatum Mackayi. 
 Zygopelatum maxillare. 
 Zygopelatum rostratum. 
 
 LIST OF THIRTY CHEAP ORCHIDS FOR GENERAL 
 CULTIVATION. 
 
 Aerides odoratum. 
 Brasavola glauca. 
 
 Calanthe Veitcliii. 
 Calanthe vestita (any variety). 
 Cattleya labiata. 
 Cattleya Loddigesii. 
 Cattleya crispa. 
 Cattleya Mossiae. 
 Cattleya Skinneri. 
 Cattleya Walkeriana. 
 Coelogyne cristata. 
 Cymbidium Mastersii. 
 Cypripedium barbatum. 
 Cypripedium insigne. 
 
 Dendrobium chrysanthum. 
 Dendrobium Devonianum. 
 Dendrobium nobile. 
 Dendrobium Pierardii. 
 
 Epidendrum macrochilum. 
 
 Laelia anceps. 
 Ly caste Skinnerii. 
 
 Odontoglossum grande. 
 Oncidium flexuosum. 
 Oncidium Papilio. 
 
 Phajus grandifolius. 
 
 Saccolabium violaceum. 
 Stanhopea tigrina. 
 
 Trichopilia tortilis. 
 
 Vanda suavis. 
 Vanda tricolor. 
 
 Zygopetalum crinitum. 
 
 LIST OF TROPICAL ORCHIDS WITH CURIOUS 
 FLOWERS, OR RESEMBLING INSECTS, ETC. 
 
 Acranthus arachnitis. 
 Arachnis moschifera. 
 Angraecum caudatum. 
 
 Angraecum Ellisii. 
 Angraecum sesquipedale. 
 
ORCHIDS. 
 
 Barkeria elegans. 
 Bolbopliyllum barbigerum. 
 Bolbopliyllum Henshallii. 
 Bolbopliyllum saltatorium. 
 Brassia caudata. 
 Brassia guttata. 
 
 Catasetum atratum. 
 Catasetum barbatum. 
 Cataselum intergerrimum. 
 Catasetum Naso. 
 Catasetum Trulla. 
 Cirrhopetalum Medusae. 
 Coryanthes macrantha. 
 Cycnoches Loddigesii. 
 Cycnoches musciferum. 
 Cypripedium caudatum. 
 
 Epidendrum raniferum. 
 
 Gongora maculata. 
 Gongora portentosa. 
 
 Luisia Psyche. 
 Masdevallia Chimera. 
 
 Masdevallia elephanticeps. 
 Masdevallia nycterina. 
 Masdevallia Trochilus. 
 Mormodes igneum. 
 Mormocles luxatum. 
 Myantlius cernuus. 
 Myanthus cristatus. 
 
 Nanodes Medusae. 
 
 Oncidium Kramerianum. 
 Oncidium ornithorhyncum. 
 Oncidium Papilio. 
 Oncidium raniferum. 
 Oncidium pelicanum. 
 
 Papbinia cristata. 
 Peristeria elata. 
 
 Renanthera matutina. 
 Restrepia antennifera. 
 
 Stanhopea ecornuta. 
 Stanhopea tigrina. 
 Stanhopea Bucephalus. 
 
 Uropedium Lindeni. 
 
 LIST OF THE CHOICEST ORCHIDS COMBINING 
 
 BEAUTY OF FLOWER, ELEGANCE OF 
 
 GROWTH, AND FRAGRANCE. 
 
 (FOR A SMALLER COLLECTION THOSE MARKED WITH A STAR 
 ARE PREFERABLE.) 
 
 Acineta Barkerii. 
 Ada aurantiaca. 
 Aerides affine. 
 
 *Aerides crispnm. 
 Aerides Fieldingii. 
 *Aerides Huttonii. 
 
LIST OF ORCHIDS. 
 
 425 
 
 *Aerides Lobbii. 
 Aerides maculosum. 
 *Aerides odoratum majus. 
 Aerides quinquevulnerum. 
 Aerides Schroderi. 
 *Aerides suavissimum. 
 Aerides virens Dayanum. 
 *Angraecum eburneum. 
 Angrascum Ellisii. 
 *Angrascum sesquipedale. 
 Ansellia africana. 
 
 Barkeria elegans. 
 Barkeria Skinneri. 
 Barkeria spectabilis. 
 Batemannia meleagris. 
 Brasavola Digbyana. 
 *Broughtonia sanguinea. 
 Burlingtonia Candida. 
 *Burlingtonia fragrans. 
 
 *Calanthe Veitchii. 
 *Calanthe vestita (in variety). 
 Cattleya Acklandiae. 
 *Cattleya amethystiglossa. 
 *Cattleya Chocoensis. 
 Cattleya citrina. 
 *Cattleya crispa. 
 Cattleya Dowiana. 
 Cattleya Eldorado splendens. 
 Cattleya exoniensis. 
 Cattleya Gigas. 
 Cattleya guttata Leopoldii. 
 Cattleya marginata. 
 Cattleya maxima. 
 *Cattleya Mossiae (in variety). 
 Cattleya speciosissima. 
 *Cattleya Skinneri. 
 *Cattleya superba. 
 
 *Cattleya Trianae (in variety). 
 Cattleya Warneri. 
 *Cattleya Walkeriana. 
 Chysis aurea. a 
 *Chysis bractescens. 
 *Ccelogyne cristata. 
 Ccelogyne Gardneriana. 
 Coelogyne Lowii. 
 Coeloygne speciosa. 
 Colax jugosus. 
 Comparettia coccinea. 
 Coryanthes macrantha. 
 *Cymbidium eburneum. 
 *Cymbidium Mastersii. 
 *Cypripedium barbatum (in 
 
 variety). 
 
 Cypripedium biflorum. 
 Cypripedium caudatum. 
 Cypripedium Dayanum. 
 Cypripedium Dominianum. 
 Cypripedium Fairrieanum. 
 *Cypripedium Harrisianum. 
 *Cypripedium insigne. 
 Cypripedium laevigatum. 
 ^Cypripedium Lowii. 
 Cypripedium niveum. 
 Cypripedium Parishii. 
 Cypripedium Roezlii. 
 Cypripedium Schlimii. 
 Cypripedium Sedeni. 
 *Cypripedium Stonei. 
 *Cypripedium superbiens. 
 *Cypripedium villosum. 
 
 Dendrobium aggregatum ma- 
 jus. 
 
 *Dendrobium albosanguine- 
 um. 
 
 *Dendrobium Bensoniae. 
 
426 
 
 ORCHIDS, 
 
 *Dendrobium Calceolaria. 
 
 Dendrobium cambridgianum. 
 
 *Dendrobium chrysanthum. 
 
 Dendrobium chrysotoxom su- 
 perbum. 
 
 Dendrobium crassinode. 
 
 Dendrobium ere pi datum. 
 
 *Dendrobium Dalhousianum. 
 
 *Dendrobium densiflorum. 
 
 Dendrobium densiflorum al- 
 bum. 
 
 *Dendrobium Devonianum. 
 
 *Dendrobium Falconeri. 
 
 *Dendrobium formosum gi- 
 ganteum. 
 
 Dendrobium Griffithianum. 
 
 Dendrobium Hookerianum. 
 
 *Dendrobium infundibulum. 
 
 Dendrobium lituiflorum. 
 
 Dendrobium Lowii. 
 
 Dendrobium luteolum. 
 
 *Dendrobium macranthum. 
 
 *Dendrobium McCarthiae. 
 
 *Dendrobium nobile (in va- 
 riety). 
 
 Dendrobium Parishii. 
 
 Dendrobium Wardianum. 
 
 *Dendrochilum glumaceum. 
 
 *Disa grandiflora. 
 
 *Epidendrum atropurpureum. 
 
 Epidendrum bicornutum. 
 
 *Epidendrum cuspidatum. 
 
 Epidendrum dichromum ama- 
 bile. 
 
 *Epidendrum macrochilum. 
 
 Epidendrum nemorale majus. 
 
 *Epidendrum Stamfordianum. 
 
 *Epidendrum vitellinum ma- 
 jus. 
 
 Galeandra Devoniana. 
 
 *Houlletia Brocklehurstiana. 
 Huntleya cerina. 
 Huntleya violacea. 
 
 lonopsis paniculata. 
 
 *Loelia albida. ^ 
 *Laslia anceps. 
 Laelia anceps Barkeriana. 
 *Laelia autumnalis. 
 *Laelia cinnabarina. 
 Laelia elegans. 
 Laelia grandis. 
 *Laelia majalis. 
 *Laelia Perrinii. 
 *Laelia praestans. 
 *L3elia purpurata. 
 *La3lia superbiens. 
 *Limatodes rosea. 
 *Lycaste cruenta. 
 Lycaste lanipes. 
 *Lycaste Skinneri. 
 
 *Masdevallia Chimaera. 
 Masdevallia elephanticeps. 
 *Masdevallia Harryana. 
 Masdevallia ignea. 
 Masdevallia tovarensis. 
 *Masdevallia Veitchiana. 
 Maxillaria venusta. 
 Mesospinidium sanguineum. 
 *Miltonia Candida. 
 Miltonia Clowesii. 
 *Miltonia Moreliana. 
 Miltonia Regnellii. 
 *Miltonia spectabilis. 
 *Miltonia Warscewiczii. 
 
LIST OF ORCHIDS. 
 
 427 
 
 *Odontoglossum Alexandras. 
 Odontoglossum Andersoni. 
 *Odontoglossum citrosmum 
 
 roseum. 
 
 Odontoglossum coronarium. 
 *Odontoglossum grande. 
 Odontoglossum Hallii. 
 Odontoglossum Krameri. 
 Odontoglossum naevium. 
 *Odontoglossum Pescatorei. 
 *Odontoglossum Phalasnop- 
 
 sis. 
 
 *Odontoglossum pulchellum. 
 Odontoglossum Roezlii. 
 *Odontoglossum triumphans. 
 Odontoglossum vexillarium. 
 *Oncidium ampliatum majus. 
 Oncidium Barker!. 
 Oncidium bifolium majus. 
 *Oncidium bicallosum. 
 *Oncidium hsematochilum. 
 Oncidium incur VUOL 
 *Oncidium Kramerianum. 
 *0ncidium Lanceanum. 
 Oncidium leucochilum. 
 Oncidium macranthum. 
 Oncidium macranthum has- 
 
 tiferum. 
 
 Oncidium obryzatum. 
 Oncidium ornithorhyncum. 
 Oncidium Pbalaenopsis. 
 Oncidium phymatochilum. 
 Oacidium sarcodes. 
 Oncidium superbiens. 
 
 *Peristeria elata. 
 *Phajus grandifolius. 
 Phi jus irroratus. 
 Phajus maculatus. 
 
 Phajus Wallichii. 
 Phalaenopsis amabilis. 
 Phakenopsis grandi flora au- 
 
 rea. 
 *PhalcEnopsis Luddemanni- 
 
 ana. 
 
 Phalaenopsis Schilleriana. 
 Pilumna fragrans. 
 *Pleione Lagenaria. 
 Pleione maculata. 
 *Pleione Wallichiana. 
 
 *Saccolabium ampullaceum 
 
 roseum. 
 
 Saccolabium curvifolium. 
 Saccolabium giganteum. 
 Saccolabium Harrisonianum. 
 Saccolabium praemorsum. 
 *Saccolabium retusum. 
 *Saccolabium violaceum. 
 ^Sobralia macrantha splen- 
 
 dens. 
 
 Sophronites grandiflora. 
 *Stanhopea eburnea spectab- 
 
 ilis. 
 
 Stanhopea insignis. 
 Stanhopea Martiana. 
 Stanhopea oculata. 
 Stanhopea Ruckeri. 
 Stanhopea tigrina. 
 Stanhopea Wardii. 
 
 Thimia alba. 
 Thunia Bensoniae. 
 *Trichopilia crispa. 
 Trichopilia suavis. 
 
 Uropedium Lindeni. 
 
428 
 
 Vanda Batemanni. 
 Vancla Bensonii. 
 *Vancla coerulea. 
 *Vanda coerulescens. 
 * Van da Denisoniana. 
 Vancla gigantea. 
 Vancla limbata. 
 *Vanda insignis. 
 *Vanda suavis. 
 Vanda teres. 
 
 ORCHIDS. 
 
 *Vanda tricolor (in vaiiety). 
 
 Warrea Lin ieniana. 
 Warscevviczella velata. 
 
 Zygopetalum crinitum. 
 *Zygopetalum crinitum cceru- 
 
 leum. 
 
 Zygopetalum maxillare. 
 *Zygopetalum rostratum. 
 
 SIGNIFICATION OF THE NAMES APPLIED TO 
 ORCHIDS. 
 
 " Botanical or scientific names have usually been given for 
 some good reason. As a rule they are generally intended to 
 point out something remarkable or characteristic in the plant, 
 and are no more than classical ways of stating facts iden- 
 tically the same in nature as those expressed in ' blue-bell,' 
 ' white-thorn,' and * dandelion ' or * dent-de-lion.'' To persons 
 acquainted with Greek and Latin their meaning is obvious'; 
 but as many lovers of Orchids are unversed in those lan- 
 guages, we subjoin the interpretation of every classical name 
 and epithet which occurs in the preceding pages. Many of 
 the names bestowed upon Orchids, as upon other plants, 
 are of the kind termed commemorative and complimentary. 
 They are the names, that is to say, of persons who deserve 
 our respect or admiration, converted into Latin by the addi- 
 tion of the necessary final letters. Brassia^ for example, Cat- 
 tleya, and Broughtonia. When it is the specific name of the 
 plant that is so derived, the rule is that if the name be that of 
 the discoverer or introducer it shall end in ce or 2, as Wraya 
 or Pierardi. When, on the other hand, the name has been 
 bestowed purely in compliment, it ends after the manner ex- 
 
SIGNIFICATION OF NAMES. 429 
 
 amplified in Morelianus, Schilleriana, Dalhousianum, the ter- 
 mination agreeing, like that of all other adjectives, with the 
 gender of the generic name. But this rule, unhappily, is often 
 disregarded, and the names have to be accepted as they stand. 
 Whether a specific name shall end in i or in ii is perfectly 
 optional. It rests upon our preferring to say, in pseudo- Latin, 
 Humbol/7/j or Humbol//j, Farmers or Farmer/wj, either 
 being right. A similar freedom pertains to the accentuation 
 of the names which end in single /. That is to say, they 
 may be pronounced either Hook'eri or Hooke'ri, Far'meri or 
 Farme'ri. The ancients had no such names, and therefore 
 there is no classical rule. A few other names have been 
 adopted from the vernacular of their native countries (Vanda, 
 for example), and, when necessary have been Latinized, as in 
 the case of Angracum. A few others, again, appear devoid 
 of meaning. 
 
 " The question is often asked, why cannot these glorious 
 flowers have ' English names ? ' In one point of view to give 
 them English names is impracticable ; on the other hand they 
 are already possessed of English names ! Appellations rhym- 
 ing with daisy and buttercup they never can possess. To at- 
 tempt to bestow such appellations would prove a useless and 
 thankless task, for no one would be willing to accept them ; 
 and in the presence oi fuchsia and rhododendron, iris and 
 chrysanthemum, crocus and narcissus, and a thousand others 
 of corresponding fabric (which are as thoroughly un-English 
 as Calanthe and Epidendrum}, would be simply absurd, since 
 it would be to attempt to supply a want which no one really 
 feels. 
 
 " The people who talk of lilies and roses, yet complain of 
 Calanthe and L<zlia, belong to the school of M. Jourdain, 
 in ' Moliere,' who ' had spoken prose all his life without 
 knowing it,' for in the former names they are quite as free 
 from Saxon as in the latter, lily and rose and violet being 
 themselves nothing more than Latin words with the endings 
 
430 ORCHIDS. 
 
 slightly altered. Here and there, after the same manner, we 
 may shorten a Latin orchidaceous name, saying Dendrobe^ 
 Oncid, Cypripede, instead of Dendrobium^ Oncidiuin, and Cy- 
 pripediuiii) following, too, in that procedure, the plan recom- 
 mended by Mr. Bentham with regard to the names of certain 
 English wild flowers ; but there are many names which cannot 
 Ix so abbreviated without sacrifice of euphony, and these will 
 be adopted by all sensible people without a murmur, just as, 
 a little while ago, they accepted fuchsia and rhododendron, 
 and the hundreds of similar names which have virtually be- 
 come the English ones. A little time only is wanting, and 
 Calanthe will slide into every day speech, just as * polyanthus ' 
 has done ; that is to say, with every one who cares to know 
 what a Calanthe is, our own experience leading us to the be- 
 lief that those who object to * Latin ' names do not want to 
 learn the English ones either. 
 
 " The above argument of course places the matter upon its 
 lowest platform. There is no need to point out anew that 
 without scientific names there could not possibly be any re- 
 ciprocal understanding, or any uniformity of action among 
 florists and botanists, especially those residing in different 
 countries, every geographical change implying a new set of 
 vernacular terms. 
 
 " The exotic vernacular, were it adopted as a whole, would 
 scarcely be an improvement upon the Latin, if we may judge 
 from the Mexican names of two Orchids figured by Hernan- 
 dez, for instead of Stanhopea we should have to say Coatzonte 
 Coxochitl; and instead of L(zlia majalts, Chichilitic Tepe- 
 tlavhxochitl. 
 
 " The bestowal of the names of the genera of Orchids we 
 owe to many different writers from Tournefort onwards. Or- 
 dinarily the genus has been defined by the contriver of the 
 name it bears, but to this there are exceptions. What share 
 the botanists who have dealt with Orchids have had in estab- 
 
SIGNIFICATION OF NAMES. 431 
 
 lishing tlie genera, the names of which appear in this volume, 
 may be judged from the following summary : " l 
 
 Tournefort. Limodorum, Orchis. 
 
 Bergius. Disa. 
 
 Linnceus. Cypripedium, Epidendrum, Neottia. 
 
 Swartz. Cymbidium, Dendrobium, Oncidium. 
 
 Ruiz and Pavon. Anguloa, Bletia, Fernandezia, Gongora, 
 
 Masdevallia, Maxillaria, Rodriguezia, Sobralia. 
 Poeppig and Endlicher. Comparettia, Scaphyglottis, Tricho- 
 
 centrum. 
 
 Plumier. Vanilla. 
 
 Loureiro. Aerides, Phajus, Renanthera. 
 Hiimboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth. Cyrtochilum, lonopsis, 
 
 Odontoglossum, Restrepia. 
 D. Don. Pleione. 
 Ad. Brongniart. Houlletia. 
 La Llave. Arpophyllum. 
 Salisbury. Ornithidium. 
 Willdenow. Habenaria. 
 Blume. Acanthophippium, Anaectochilus, Aporum, Arachnis, 
 
 Arundina, Cleisostoma, Dendrochilum, Grammatophyl- 
 
 lum, Limatodes, Macodes, Phalaenopsis. 
 Knowles and Wescott. Barkeria. 
 Du Petit Thouars. Angrascum, Bolbophyllum. 
 L. C. Richard. Catasetum, Liparis, Physurus. 
 Robert Brown. Brassia, Broughtonia, Calanthe, Cyrtopo- 
 
 dium, Dipodium, Eulophia, Goodyera, Isochilus, Lisso- 
 
 chilus, Octomeria, Pleurothallis, Ponthieva, Sarcochilus, 
 
 Vanda. 
 
 1 For this introduction to the Glossary, which so fully and con- 
 cisely states the subject, the writer is indebted to Mr. Leo Grindon, 
 Lecturer on Botany at the Royal School of Medicine, Manchester, 
 England, by whom it was written for a little volume called Fairfield 
 Orc/iids, to which reference has already been made. 
 
432 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Hooker. Coryanthes, Peristeria, Polystachya, Stanhopea, Zy- 
 gopetalum. 
 
 Lindley. Acranthus, Acineta, Acropera, Ada, Aganisia, An- 
 sellia, Batemania, Bifrenaria, Brasavola, Bromheadia, 
 Burlingtonia, Camaridium, Camarotis, Cattleya, Chysis, 
 Cirrhoea, Cirrhopetalum, Coelia, Coelogyne, Colax, Cyo 
 noches, Cyrtopera, Dichaea, Dicripta, Dienia, Dinema, 
 Drymoda, Eria, Eriopsis, Galeandra, Galliotia, Govenia, 
 Grobya, Hartwegia, Helcia, Huntleya, Ipsea, Lacaena, 
 Laelia, Laeliopsis, Leptotes, Lycaste, Luisia, Megaclinium, 
 Miltonia, Mormodes, Myanthus, Nasonia, Notylia, (Eceo- 
 clades, Paphinia, Paxtonia, Pholidota, Physosiphon, Pi- 
 lumna, Prescottia, Promenaea, Saccolabium, Sarcanthus, 
 Sauroglossum, Schomburgkia, Scuticaria, Sophronitis, 
 Specklinia, Trichopilia, Trigonidium, Uropedium, Warrea. 
 
 Reichenbach fil. Bollea, Luddemannia, Mesospinidium, Nan- 
 odes, Palumbina, Pescatorea, Polycycnis, Preptanthe, 
 Selenipedium, Stenia, Thunia, Warscewiczella. 
 
GLOSSARY. 
 
 A. 
 
 Abruptus, -a, -um. Broken off. 
 
 Acanthophippium. Name obscure ? From ephippia, a sad- 
 dle-cloth, alluding to the formation of the flower. 
 
 Acaulis, -e. Having no stem. 
 
 Acicularis, -e. Pointed, needle-like. 
 
 Acinaceus, -a, -um. Hooked, scimeter-shaped. 
 
 Acine'ta. Immovable, referring to the union of the base of 
 the labellum with the column. 
 
 Acklan'diae. In compliment to the late Lady Ackland, wife 
 of Sir Thomas D. Ackland, of Killerton, near Exeter, 
 by whom the Cattleya so named was introduced from 
 Brazil. 
 
 Acranthus. Altered from the Greek aer, the air, and anthos, 
 a flower. 
 
 Acropera. From akros, the end, and pera, a pouch, alluding 
 to the shape of the flower. 
 
 Acuminate. ") Drawn out into a long and tapering 
 
 Acuxninatus. -a, -um. ) point. 
 
 Acutipetalue, -a, -um. Having acute petals. 
 
 Acutus, -a, -um. Sharp pointed. 
 
 Ada. Named by Dr. Lindley, probably in compliment to some 
 lady. 
 
 Aduncus, -a, -um. Hooked. 
 
 .ZEmulus, -a, -um. Rivaling, thence superior, very handsome. 
 
 Aerial plants are such as grow upon others, as opposed to 
 having their roots in the earth, or being aquatic. 
 28 
 
434 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Aerides. From aer, the air, signifying air plant. 
 
 Aeriformis, -e. Resembling an Aerides. 
 
 Affinis, -e. Related to, but used in the sense of doubtful or 
 ambiguous. 
 
 Africanus, -a, -um. Native of Africa. 
 
 Aganisia. From aganos, lovely. 
 
 Aggregatus, -a, -um. When many parts, such as flowers or 
 fruits, are placed side by side in such a way that not one 
 can be removed without impairing the symmetry of the 
 mass. 
 
 Ainsworthii. Complimentary to Dr. Ainsworth, of Brough- 
 ton, Manchester, who raised Dendrobium Ainsworthii. 
 
 Alatus, -a, -um. Winged. 
 
 Albertinese. A complimentary name. 
 
 Albido-fulvus, -a, -um. Yellow and white. 
 
 Albidus, -a, -um. Whitish. 
 
 Albo-sanguineus, -a, -um. Whitish blood color, or a com- 
 bination of these two colors. 
 
 Albo-striatus, -a, -um. Striped with white. 
 
 Albus, -a, -um. Clear, but not shining, white. 
 
 Alexandras. Complimentary to the Princess Alexandra. 
 
 Alifolius, -a, -um. Winged-leaved. 
 
 Aloefolius, -a, -um. Aloe-leaved. 
 
 Alpine. } Growing upon mountains in cold coun- 
 
 Alpinus, -a, -um. > tries. Also, by usage, any delicate 
 and mossy plants, whatever their native habitat. 
 
 Altissimus, -a, -um. Very tall, or tallest of its congeners. 
 
 Amabilis, -e. Lovely. 
 
 Ambiguus, -a, -um. Doubtful. 
 
 Amboinensis, -e. Native of Amboyna. 
 
 Amethystinus, -a, -um. Pale violet. 
 
 Amethystoglossus, -a, -um. Having an amethyst-colored 
 lip. 
 
 Amherstiae. In honor of Lady Amherst, a zealous patron of 
 botany. 
 
GLOSSARY. 435 
 
 Amictus, -a, -um. Frilled. 
 
 Amcenus, -a, -um. Charming. 
 
 Ampliatus, -a, -um. Enlarged. 
 
 Amplus, -a, -um. Large and thus fine, noble. 
 
 Ampullaceus, -a, -um. Flask or bottle-shaped. 
 
 Anaectochilus. From anoiktos, open, and cheilos, a lip. 
 
 Anceps. Two-edged. 
 
 Andersoniae. Complimentary to several of the name, espe- 
 cially the late Dj". Thomas Anderson, superintendent of 
 the Calcutta Botanic Garden. Ob. Oct. 26, 1870. 
 
 Angraecum. When Rumphius first went to Amboyna, nearly 
 two centuries ago, he found the Malayan name for any 
 epiphytal Orchid to be angrec. This word Latinized he 
 used in the Herbarium Amboynense for the dozen species 
 he describes and figures therein. 
 
 Angulo'a. Complimentary to Francis de Angulo, Director of 
 the Spanish Mines in Peru. 
 
 Augustus, -a, -um, 
 
 Angustatus, -a, -um. 
 
 Angustifolius, -a, -um. Narrow-leaved. 
 
 Annual. Living only one year or less. 
 
 Anosmus, -a, -um. Scentless. 
 
 Ansellia. Commemorative of Mr. John Ansell, who discov- 
 ered the plant in Africa. 
 
 Antennifera. Bearing antennae. 
 
 Anther. The terminal and hollow portion of the stamen, 
 usually a distinct case, and usually of two cells or com- 
 partments, each containing pollen. 
 
 Antioquiensis, -e. Native of Antioquia, a district of New 
 Granada. 
 
 Aphrodite. A name of Venus, and thence beautiful. 
 
 Aphyllus, -a, -um. Leafless ; destitute at all times of true 
 leaves, a condition of many Orchids. 
 
 Apiferus, -a, -um. From apis, a bee, and fero, to bear ; lit- 
 erally bearing bees, alluding to the shape of the flowers. 
 
 I Narrow, applied to parts of the flower. 
 
436 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Aporum. From aporux, a running shoot, referring to the 
 growth of the plant. 
 
 Apterus, -a, -um. Wingless. 
 
 Aqueus, -a, -um. Watery, thence thin_^ applied to petals of a 
 flower. 
 
 Araclinis, ) In mythology, Arachne was very skillful with 
 
 Arachnites. > her needle. She was changed by Minerva 
 into a spider, which the plants resemble. 
 
 Arbuscula. Resembling a little tree. 
 
 Arembergii. In honor of Prince d'Aremberg. 
 
 Argenteus, -a, -um. Silvery. 
 
 Argus. Was the hundred-eyed keeper of lo. 
 
 Arietinus, -a, -um. Shaped like a ram's head. 
 
 Armeniacus, -a, -um. Apricot-colored. 
 
 Arpophyllum. Having leaves shaped like a scimeter ; from 
 harpe, a scimeter, and phullon, a leaf. 
 
 Articulated. Jointed and capable of readily separating with- 
 out tearing, so as to leave a clean scar. 
 
 Articulatus, -a, -um. Jointed. 
 
 Arundina. From arundo, a reed. 
 
 Aspasia. From the Greek aspazomai, to cling to. 
 
 Asper, -a, -um. Rough. 
 
 Asperatus, -a, -um. Roughened. 
 
 Astranthus, -a, -um. Starry. 
 
 Atratus, -a, -um. Blackish. 
 
 Atropurpureus, -a, -um. Dark purple. 
 
 Atro-rubens. Deep reddish. 
 
 Aureo-purpureus, -a, -um. Purple and gold. 
 
 Aurantiacus, -a, -um. Orange colored. 
 
 Aureo-flavus, -a, -um. Golden yellow. 
 
 Aureo-fulvus, -a, -um. Tawny yellow. 
 
 Aureus, -a, -um. \ 
 
 Aurosus, -a, -um. > Gold colored. 
 
 Auratus, -a, -um. ) 
 
 Auritus, -a, -um. Having ears. 
 
GLOSSARY. 437 
 
 Autumnalis, -e. Autumn flowering. 
 
 Axil. The cavity or angle between the stem and the inner 
 
 base of the leaf or petiole. Flowers, etc., arising from 
 
 this point are " axillary." 
 
 B. 
 
 Bambusifolius, -a, -um. Bamboo-leaved. 
 Barbatus, -a, -um. Bearded, /. <?., provided or beset with 
 
 long weak hairs or terminating in a mass of hairs, usually 
 
 more or less straight and parallel. The negative ex- 
 pressed by imberbis. 
 Barbatulus, -a, -um. Thinly bearded. 
 Barbigerus, -a, -um. Bearded or bearing a beard, alluding to 
 
 the fringed lip of many plants. 
 Barelli. In honor of Mr. Barell, a botanist at Cape of Good 
 
 Hope. 
 
 Barker!. "i Complimentary to the late Geo. Bar- 
 
 Barkeria. \ ker, of Birmingham, a celebrated 
 
 Barkerianus, -a, -um. J Orchid-grower, who died in 1845. 
 Barringtoniae. Dedicated to Lady Barrington. 
 Batemannia. ) In compliment to James Bateman, the distin- 
 Batemani. ) guished orchiologist. 
 Baueri. In honor of the botanical draughtsmen, Messrs. 
 
 Francis and Ferdinand Bauer. 
 Beaumontii. Commemorative of Beaumont. 
 Bensoniae. In compliment to Lieutenant-colonel Benson, of 
 
 Rangoon. Several species are also named in compliment 
 
 to Mrs. Benson. 
 
 Bernaysii. In honor of Mr. A. Bernays, of Queensland. 
 Bicallosus, -a, -um. Having two calluses, or hard projections 
 
 on lip. 
 
 Bicolor. Two colored. 
 Bicornutus, -a, -um. Two horned. 
 Bictoniensis, -e. Refers to Bicton, the seat of Lord Rolle, 
 
 near Sidmouth. 
 
438 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Bidens. Two-toothed. 
 
 Biennial Plants. Such as spring from the seed one year 
 
 blossom the following year, and then die. 
 Bifidus, -a, -um. Cleft half-way to the base. 
 Biflorus, -a, -um. Two-flowered. 
 
 Bifolius, -a, -um. Having two leaves, neither more or less. 
 Biforatus, -a, -um. Having two holes. 
 Bifrenaria. From, bis, double, and frenum, a bridle. 
 Bigibbus, -a, -um. Having two small protuberances. 
 Bilobus, -a, -um. Two-lobed, as a leaf, petal, or lip. 
 Bipartite. Cleft nearly to the base. 
 Bipuuctatus, -a, -um. Having two punctures. 
 Bituberculatus, -a, -um. Having two tubercles or promi- 
 nences. 
 
 Blanchetti. In honor of Mr. Blanchette. 
 Blandus, -a, -um. Pleasing, charming. 
 Bletia. Dedicated to Louis Blet. 
 Blumei. Complimentary to Dr. Blume, the writer on East 
 
 Indian Botany. 
 Bluntii. In memory of Mr. Blunt, who in 1862-64 collected 
 
 plants in Brazil and New Granada, for Messrs. Low. 
 Bolbophyllum. From bolbos, a bulb, and phullon, a leaf, 
 
 literally bulb-leaf. 
 Boothianus, -a, -um. Complimentary to Mr. W. B. Booth, 
 
 an English gardener, about 1838. 
 Boxalli. Complimentary to Mr. Boxall, an employee of 
 
 Messrs. Low. 
 
 Brabantiae. In honor of the Duchess of Brabant. 
 Brachiatus, -a, -um. Branched or having arms ; in Brassia 
 
 brachiata it refers to the very long tails. 
 Brachypetalus, -a, -um. Having petals like arms. 
 Bracteatus, -a, -um. Having bracts. 
 Bracteolatus, -a, -um. Bearing bracts. 
 Bracts. Leaves much diminished in size and more or less 
 
 altered in form, usually standing very near to the flowers 
 
GLOSSARY. 439 
 
 or their peduncles ; often petaloid and gayly colored. In 
 
 Orchids they are never absent, though occasionally de- 
 ciduous, and sometimes add greatly to the beauty of the 
 
 inflorescence. 
 Bractescens. Having very large bracts or a strong tendency 
 
 to the development of bracts. 
 Brasavola. In honor of Antonio Musa Brasavola, a noble 
 
 Venetian, one of the most enlightened botanists of his 
 
 day. 
 
 Brasavolae. Like a Brasavola. 
 Brassia. Commemorative of Mr. Brass, a botanist who 
 
 about 1790 collected plants in Africa, for Sir Joseph 
 
 Banks. 
 
 Brevifolius, -a, -um. Short-leaved. 
 Brocklehurstianus, -a, -um. Complimentary to the late 
 
 Thomas Brocklehurst, a distinguished Orchid amateur 
 
 near Manchester. Ob. Nov. 7, 1870. 
 Bromheadia. In honor of Sir Edward French Bromhead, 
 
 a zealous botanist. 
 Brookei. Complimentary to Sir Richard Brooke, Norton 
 
 Priory, near Runcorn. Ob. Nov. u, 1865. 
 Broughtonia. In memory of Arthur Broughton, a botanist 
 
 in Jamaica. 
 Brysianus, -a, -um. Complimentary to the Belgian botanist, 
 
 Mr. Brys. 
 Bucephalus. A horse of Alexander the Great. 
 
 > Resembling a toad. 
 Bufonius, -a, -um. ) 
 
 Bulbosus, -a, -um. Having bulbs. Applied to abnormal 
 stems of similar shape. 
 
 Bulleni. ) Complimentary to Mr. R. Bullen, for 
 
 Bullenianus, -a, -um. ) many years a foreman at Messrs. 
 Lows. 
 
 Burlingtonia. Complimentary to Blanche Georgiana, Count- 
 ess of Burlington. Ob. April 27, 1840. 
 
440 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Burtii. Commemorative of Mr. Burt, so Mr. Endres of Costa 
 Rica named Batemannia Burtii. 
 
 C. 
 
 Ceerulescens. Having a tendency to blue. 
 
 Caeruleus, -a, -um. Pale indigo blue. 
 
 Ceespitosus, -a, -um. Growing in tufts. 
 
 Calamaria. Reed or quill-stemmed, from calamus, a reed. 
 
 Calamiformis, -e. Shaped like a reed. 
 
 Calanthe. > 
 
 } Lovely flower. 
 Calaiitnum. ) 
 
 Calcaratus, -a, -um. Chalky dead white color. 
 
 Calceolaria. Resembling a Calceolaria. 
 
 Calceolus. Shaped like a little shoe. 
 
 Calocheilus, -a, -um. Having a beautiful lip. 
 
 Callosus, -a, -um. Having a thick skin or covering. 
 
 Calyx. The outermost of the two sets of leafy pieces which 
 constitute a perfect flower or "perianth," the corolla (con- 
 stituted of petals) being interior to it. 
 
 Camaridium. From kamara, an arched roof or chamber. 
 
 Camarotis. Chambered flower, in reference to the form of the 
 lip. 
 
 Cambridgianus, -a, -um. Complimentary to Augusta Louisa, 
 first Duchess of Cambridge, who was on a visit to Chats- 
 worth in 1838, when Dendrobium Cambridgianum first 
 flowered. 
 
 Campanulatus, -a, -um. Bell-shaped. 
 
 Candelabre. In form of a candelabrum. 
 
 Candidus, -a, -um. Pure, lustrous white. 
 
 Candollei. In honor of De Candolle, the distinguished bot- 
 anist. 
 
 Caniculatus, -a, -um. Channeled, generally referring to the 
 foliage. 
 
 Capillipes. Hairy-footed. 
 
 Cardinalis, -e. Cardinal color. 
 
GLOSSARY. 
 
 44! 
 
 Careyanum. In compliment to Dr. Carey, of Serampore, 
 India. 
 
 Caricinus, -a, -um. Sedge-leaved. 
 
 Cariniferus, -a, -um. Having a keel. 
 
 Carneus, -a, -um. Flesh-colored. 
 
 Carthaginense. From Carthagena. 
 
 Cartoni. Complimentary to Mr. Carton, gardener to the 
 Duke of Northumberland, at Lyon House. 
 
 Catasetum. From kata, downwards, and seta, a bristle, allud- 
 ing to direction of bristles in the flowers. 
 
 Cathcartii. In honor of the late Judge Cathcart. 
 
 Catillus. From Catullus, a Roman emperor. 
 
 Cattleya. In honor of Wm. Cattleya, of Barnet, Hertford- 
 shire, one of the earliest amateur growers of Orchids. 
 
 Caudatus, -a, -um. Having long tails. 
 
 Caudicle. | A little tail ; applied to the minute stalks 
 
 Caudiculus. ) which sustain the pollen mosses of Orchid 
 flowers. 
 
 Caulescens. Having a tendency to develop stems. 
 
 Caulescent. Possessed of a more or less obvious stem. 
 
 Cavendishii. Complimentary to Wm. Spencer Cavendish, 
 sixth Duke of Devonshire. Ob. Jan. 17, 1838. 
 
 Cebolleta. The leaves of the Oncidium, so called, resemble 
 those of the chive (A Ilium Schoenoprasuni), the French 
 name of which is ciboullete. 
 
 Cepiformis, -e. Onion-shaped. 
 
 Ceratochilus. Horn lip, alluding to the polished lip of the 
 Stanhopea. 
 
 Cereolus, -a, -um. Waxy. 
 
 Cerinus, -a, -um. Wax-colored. 
 
 Cernuus, -a, -um. Somewhat pendulous, drooping. 
 
 Cervantesii. In compliment to the Spanish botanist, Vicente 
 Cervantes. 
 
 G'haillainum. Commemorative of the African traveller 
 
 Chaillau. 
 
442 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Chantinii. In compliment to Chantin, a French horticultu- 
 rist. 
 
 Cheirostylis. From cheir, a hand, and stylos, a style. 
 
 Chinensis, -e. From China. 
 
 Chloranthus, -a, -um. Having greenish-yellow flowers. 
 
 Chlorops. Pale green. 
 
 Chlorochilus, -a, -um. Green-lipped. 
 
 Chocoensis. Natives of the province of Choco, in New 
 Granada. 
 
 Chimaera. A mythological monster, that spouted fire. 
 
 -Chrysanthus, -a, -um. Golden-flowered. 
 
 Chrysocrepis. Golden-shoed. 
 
 Chrysothyrsus. Golden-racemed, a thyrse of golden flow- 
 ers. 
 
 Chrysotis. Golden eared. 
 
 Chrysotoxus, -a, -um. Golden-arched. 
 
 Chysis. Anything melted, the pollinia seeming to be fused 
 together. 
 
 Ciliaris, -e. Fringed. 
 
 > Minutely and very delicately fringed. 
 Ciliatus, -a, -um. j 
 
 Cinnabarinus, -a, -um. Vermilion-colored. 
 
 Cirrhsea. From cirrus, a ringlet or tendril. 
 
 Cirrhopetalum. From kerros, tawny, and petalon, a petal. 
 
 Citratus, -a, -um. Of orange color, or smelling like orange. 
 
 Citrinus, -a, -um. Lemon-colored. 
 
 Citrosmus, -a, -um. Citron-scented. 
 
 Clavatus, -a, -um. Club-shaped ; solid cylindrical, slender at 
 the base and gradually thickening upwards. 
 
 Cleisostoma. From kleistos, closed, and stoma, a mouth. 
 
 Clowesii. Commemorates the late Rev. John Clowes, of 
 Manchester, ob. Sept. 28, 1846, bequeathing his mag- 
 nificent collection of Orchids to Kew Gardens. 
 
 Cnemidophorus, -a, -um. Having spaces between two knots. 
 Sheathed. 
 
GLOSSARY. 443 
 
 Coccineus, -a, -um. Bright scarlet. 
 
 Cochleatus, -a, -um. Spoon-shaped, usually in reference to 
 
 the lip of a flower. 
 Ccelia. From koilos, hollow. 
 Coelogyne. Hollow stigma. 
 Colax. From kolay, a parasite. 
 Colleyi. Commemorative of Mr. Colley, a collector of Orchids 
 
 in Demarara for James Bateman. 
 Colorans. Colored. 
 Colossus. Colossal, large. 
 Column. In an Orchid flower a composite body consisting 
 
 of three styles and four stamens, the whole welded into 
 
 a solid mass. 
 
 Comosus, -a, -um. Hairy. With long hair. 
 Comparettia. Dedicated by Poeppig and Endlicher to Pro- 
 fessor Comparetti. 
 Compressus, -a, -um. Compressed, constricted, alluding to 
 
 shape of parts of a flower. 
 Conchoideus, -a, -um. Resembling a shell. 
 Concolor. Uniformity of hue in sepals and petals. 
 Coiigestus, -a, -um. Thick, full. 
 Coiinivent. Drawing together, so as to form an arch. 
 Conopseus, -a, -um. Resembling a gnat. 
 Constrictus, -a, -um. Drawn together, contracted. 
 Convallaroides. Resembling a Convallaria. 
 Cooperianum. Complimentary to Mr. Cooper, of Alpha 
 
 House, an amateur in Orchids. 
 
 Cordate. ) 
 
 > Heart-shaped. 
 Cordatus, -a, -um. ) 
 
 Coriaceus, -a, -um. Leathery, usually applied to thick 
 leaves. 
 
 Cornigerus, -a, -um. Bearing horns. 
 
 Corolla. The circle of floral pieces intermediate between the 
 calyx and stamens, the pieces when free being called 
 petals. Never wanting in Orchids, though sometimes, 
 as in Masdevallia, much inferior in size to the sepals. 
 
444 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Coronarius, -a, -um. Resembling a crown or garland, or 
 
 adapted for chaplets. 
 
 Cornu-cervi. Stag's horn ; flattened like an antler. 
 Cornutus, -a, -um. Horned. 
 
 Corrugatus, -a, -um. Rough, wrinkled, usually as to appear- 
 ance of pseudo-bulbs. 
 Coryanthes. Name from korus, a helmet, and anthos, a 
 
 flower. 
 
 Crassifolius, -a, -um. Thick-leaved. 
 Crassinodis, -e. Having remarkably swollen joints. 
 Crepidatus, -a, -um. Shaped like old-fashioned sandals. 
 Cretaceus, -a, -um. Chalky white. 
 Criniferus, -a, -um. Hairy. 
 
 Crinitus, -a, -um. Having hairs upon the surface. 
 Crispilabius, -a, -um. Crispy-lipped. 
 Crispus, -a, -um. Crisped along the margin. 
 Cristatus, -a, -um. Crested. 
 Crocidipterus, -a, -um. Having crocus or saffron-colored 
 
 wings. 
 Croesus. A king of Lydia, famous for his wealth ; Oncidium 
 
 Croesus is so named for its rich golden color. 
 Cruciformis, -e. Shaped like the heraldic Greek cross, or 
 
 with the four arms all of equal length. 
 
 Cruentus, -a, -um. Blood-color, or with blood-colored spots. 
 Crumenatus, -a, -nm. Purse-shaped. 
 Cryptocopis. Having long sepals. 
 Crystallinus, -a, -um. Resembling ice in solidity or translu- 
 
 cency. 
 
 Cucullate. | Shaped like the cowl or hood worn by 
 
 Cucullatus, -a, -um. ) monks. 
 Cucumerinus, -a, -um. Resembling a cucumber. 
 
 Cuneate. > 
 
 >- Wedge-shaped. 
 Cuneatus, -a, -um. ) 
 
 Curaingii. In memory of Mr. Hugh Cuming, who introduced 
 many fine Orchids, especially Phalcenopsis amabilis. 
 
GLOSSARY. 445 
 
 Cupreus, -a, -um. Copper- colored. 
 
 Curculigoides. Resembling a curculigo. 
 
 Curvifolius, -a, -um. Curving-leaved. 
 
 Cuspidatus, -a, -um. Pointed, or tapering to a point. 
 
 Cyaneus, -a, -um. Bright blue, azure. 
 
 Cycnoches. From kuknos, a swan, and auxen, a neck. 
 
 Cylindricus, -a, -um. Long and slender, the horizontal sec- 
 tion circular. 
 
 Cymbidium. Boat-shaped, in allusion to the form of the lip. 
 From kumba, a boat. 
 
 Cypripedium. Literally " Venus 's slipper," Cypris having 
 been one of the names of that goddess. In conformity 
 with the custom that prevailed after the revival of learning 
 many things originally dedicated to Venus were trans- 
 ferred to " Our Lady," Notre Dame, the Virgin Mary. 
 Hence we find the European Cypripedium formerly bear- 
 ing the name of Calceolus Marianns, " the slipper of our 
 Lady," of which the modern " Ladies' slipper," instead of 
 Lady's slipper, is an erroneous writing. 
 
 Cyrtochilum. From kurtos, arched, and cheilos, a lip. 
 
 Cyrtopera. From kurtos, arched, and pera, a sack or bag. 
 
 Cyrtopodium. From kurtos, arched, ft&d/fc*M^ a foot. 
 
 D. 
 
 Daisy. A complimentary name. 
 
 Dalhousianus, -a, -um. In compliment to the late Countess 
 of Dalhousie. 
 
 Davisii. In memory of Mr. W. Davis, a botanical collector 
 in Peru. 
 
 Dawsoni. "> In compliment to Thomas Dawson, 
 
 Dawsoiiianus, -a, -um. ) Meadow Bank, Uddington, near 
 Glasgow, a celebrated grower of Orchids. 
 
 Dayanus, -a, -um. ] In compliment to John Day, High Cross, 
 
 Dayi. j Tottenham, who has a magnificent col- 
 
 lection of Orchids. 
 
446 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Deciduous. Applied to organs of any kind, which after ful- 
 filling their functions, detach themselves bodily from the 
 part they were attached to. 
 
 Decorus, -a, -um. Comely. 
 
 Delicatus, -a, -um. Neat and tender. 
 
 Deltoideus, -a, -um. Delta-shaped, alluding to form of the 
 lip or petals. 
 
 Dendrobium. From dendron, a tree, and bios, life. 
 
 Deiidrochilum. From dendron, a tree, and cheilos, a lip, a 
 lip-flowered epiphyte. 
 
 Denisoiiianus, -a, -um. "] In compliment to Lady Londesbor- 
 
 Denisoni. } ough, wife of W. H. F. Denison, 
 
 Denisonse. J Baron Londesborough. 
 
 Densiflorus, -a, -um. Having the flowers densely clustered. 
 
 Densus, -a, -um. Thick ; may allude either to the habit of 
 the plant, or to the texture of foliage or flower. 
 
 Dentatus, -a, -um. Toothed, dentate. 
 
 Denticulatus, -a, -um. Minutely toothed, denticulate. 
 
 Denudans. Unclothed, naked, referring to parts of the 
 flower. 
 
 Dependens. Drooping. 
 
 Deppei. In honor of Mr. Deppe, a collector in Mexico. 
 
 Devonianus, -a, -um. Complimentary to William Spencer 
 Cavendish, sixth Duke of Devonshire, who at Chatsworth 
 so liberally promoted the science of Botany. 
 
 Diadema. Like a diadem, which was formerly an ornament 
 spanning the front of the head. 
 
 Diandrous. Having two stamens, neither more nor less. 
 
 Dichoea. From diche, in two, alluding to arrangement of the 
 leaves. 
 
 Dichotomus, -a, -um. Dividing or forking into two branches. 
 
 Dichromus, -a, -um. Two-colored. 
 
 Dicrypta. From dis, double, and knipto, to conceal, alluding 
 to structure of the pollinia. 
 
 Dienia. From dis, two, and enia, a strap, alluding to attach- 
 ment of pollen masses. 
 
GLOSSARY. 447 
 
 Digbyanus, -a, -um. Complimentary to Edward St. Vincent 
 
 Digby, Minterne, Dorsetshire, with whom, in 1846, Bras- 
 
 avola Digbyanus first flowered. 
 
 Digitatus, -a, -um. Digitate, with narrow, deep cut lobes. 
 Dimorphism. The curious phenomena in orchidious plants 
 
 of two or more shapes of flower being developed upon the 
 
 same plant or upon individuals of the same species. 
 Dinema. From dis, two, and neo, to spin, alluding to the 
 
 thread-like horns of the column. 
 Dipodium. From dis, two, and pous, a foot, referring to the 
 
 threads of the pollinia. 
 Disa. Meaning unknown. Linnaeus adopted this name from 
 
 Bergius. 
 Discolor. When the two surfaces of a leaf or petal are of two 
 
 different colors. 
 
 Distichus, -a, -um. | Converged in two vertical ranks, so as 
 Distichous. ) to present a flat front. 
 
 Divaricatus, -a, -um. Straggling, spreading irregularly in 
 
 various directions. 
 
 Dixanthus, -a, -um. Having flowers of two shades of yellow. 
 Domingensis. Native of St. Domingo. 
 Dominianum. In compliment to Mr. Dominy, foreman at 
 
 James Veitch's, whose hybrid Orchids have immortalized 
 
 his name. 
 
 Dorsal. Behind, as at the back of anything. 
 Dowianus, -a, -um. Complimentary to Captain J. M. Dow. 
 Drymoda. From drumos, a forest. 
 Dubius, -a, -um. Doubtful, uncertain, applied to plants of 
 
 uncertain affinities. 
 
 B. 
 
 Eburneus, -a, -um. Ivory like. 
 
 Ecornutus, -a, -um. Without horns. 
 
 Edithiana. Complimentary. 
 
 Egertonianus, -a, -um. Complimentary to Mr, Egerton ; 
 
 Cycnoches Egertonianum. 
 
448 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Ehrenbergii. Dedicated to Charles Ehrenberg, the natural- 
 ist. 
 
 Elatus, -a, -urn. Tall, taller than the parts or organs of the 
 plant would lead us to expect, or tall in comparison with 
 its near allies. 
 
 El Dorado. The Golden, the name of the fabulous country 
 described by Francis Orellana, the companion of Pizarro. 
 Well applied to that splendid Cattleya, whose lip seems 
 to hold a plate of burnished metal. 
 
 Elegans. Very choice and attractive, worthy of being chosen. 
 
 Ellisii. In honor of Rev. William Ellis, the Madagascar trav- 
 eller. 
 
 Elongatus, -a, -um. Lengthened. 
 
 Emarginatus, -a, -um. Having a little notch in the rounded 
 extremity ; emarginate. 
 
 Ensatus, -a, -um. Sword-shaped. 
 
 Ensifolius, -a, -um. Leaves sword-shaped. 
 
 Eusiformis, -e. Sword-shaped, ensiform. 
 
 Ephippium. A side-saddle. 
 
 Epidendroid.es. Resembling an Epidendrum. 
 
 Epidendrum. From epi, upon, and dendron, a tree, referring, 
 like Dendrobium, to the habitat. Originally it was the 
 generic name of nearly all tree Orchids. It should be 
 written Epidend^wz. 
 
 Epistephium. From epi, upon, and Stephanos, a garland. 
 
 Equestris, -e. Knightly, courteous, very handsome. 
 
 Eriopsis. From Eria and opsis, resemblance. 
 
 Erinaceus, -a, -um. Like a hedgehog, bristly. 
 
 Erubescens. Blushing, growing rosy red. 
 
 Estradse. In honor of Dona Estrada, of New Granada. 
 
 Euglossus, -a, -um. Having a handsome tongue. 
 
 Eulophia. From eulophos, a handsome crest. 
 
 Euxanthinus, -a, -um. Beautiful yellowish brown. 
 
 Evectus, -a, -um. Exalted, proud, stately. 
 
 Excavatus, -a, -um. Hollowed. 
 
GLOSSARY. 449 
 
 Exoniensis, -e. Raised at Exeter by the celebrated nursery- 
 men, Messrs. James Veitch & Sons. 
 
 F. 
 
 Fairrieanus, -a, -um. Complimentary to Mr. Fairrie, of Liv- 
 erpool, an amateur. 
 
 Falcatus, -a, -um. Sickle-shaped, or curved. 
 
 Falconeri. Complimentary to Dr. Hugh Falconer, distin- 
 guished for his services to East Indian botany. 
 
 Family of Plants. The equivalent of " natural Order," the 
 " Orchis family," being the same as Orchids or Orchida- 
 ceae. 
 
 Farmer!. Complimentary to the late W. G. Farmer, a cele- 
 brated Orchid amateur. 
 
 Fasciatus, -a, -um. Swathed, banded, flattened, applied to 
 stems and branches. 
 
 Fausta. A complimentary name. 
 
 Fernandezia. Name in honor of George Garcias Fernandez, 
 a Spanish botanist. 
 
 Ferrugiiieus, -a, -um. Rusty, dull-colored. 
 
 Festivus, -a, -um. Beautiful. 
 
 Fieldingii. Complimentary to the late W. B. Fielding. 
 
 Filiformis, -e. Very long, slender, and flexible. 
 
 Filipes. Slender-footed. 
 
 Fimbriatus, -a, -um. Fringed. 
 
 Finlaysonianum. In memory of Mr. Finlayson ? 
 
 Flaccidus, -a, -um. Weak, drooping, usually applied to 
 flower-stems. 
 
 Flaveo oculatus, -a, -um. Yellow-eyed. 
 
 Flavescens. Yellowish. 
 
 Flavicans. Approaching to yellow. 
 
 Flavidus, -a, -um. Yellow. 
 
 Flavus, -a, -um. Yellow. 
 
 Flexuosus, -a, -um. Slightly zig-zag, applied to stems. 
 
 Flora. The total of the species of plants indigenous to a 
 29 
 
450 ORCHIDS. 
 
 given country or district. When for a very small area, 
 
 the term Florula is employed. In the secondary sense, 
 
 a book in which the vegetation of a country or province 
 
 is described and classified. 
 Floridus, -a, -urn. Literally flowering and thence flourishing ; 
 
 gay, bright. 
 
 Foliaceus, -a, -um. Leaf-like in texture, foliaceous. 
 Foliosus, -a, -um. Leafy. 
 Forbesii. Commemorative of Mr. Forbes, collector in Brazil 
 
 for the Royal Horticultural Society. 
 Forkeli. Dedicated to Mr. Forkel. 
 Formosus, -a, -um. Very beautiful in shape, therefore, 
 
 strikingly ornamental. 
 Fragrans. Sweet-scented. 
 Frederic! Guilielmi. In honor of Frederic William, King of 
 
 Prussia. 
 
 Fuliginosus, -a, -um. Sooty, dull-colored. 
 Fulvus, -a, -um. Tawny. 
 Furcatus, -a, -um. Forked or two-horned. 
 Furfuraceus, -a, -um. Scurfy. 
 Furvus, -a, -um. Dusky, dull-colored. 
 Fuscatus, -a, -um. Brownish flowered. 
 Fuscescens. Reddish brown. 
 Fusco-luteus, -a, -um. Brownish yellow. 
 Fusiformis, -e. Spindle-shaped ; fusiform. 
 Fytcheanus, -a, -um. Complimentary to Colonel Fytch, who 
 
 discovered Dendrobium Fytcheanum. 
 
 a. 
 
 Galeandra. From galea, a helmet, and aner, an anther, al- 
 luding to the crested anther. 
 Galeatus, -a, -um. Resembling a helmet. 
 Galeottianus, -a, -um. \ In memory of M. Galeotti, who col- 
 Galeottia. \ lected Orchids in Mexico, in 1839, 
 
 Galeottii. j an author of a work on Orchids. 
 
GLOSSARY. 451 
 
 Gardnerianus, -a, -urn. ") Complimentary to the botanical 
 
 Gardner!. > traveller, George Gardner, who 
 
 introduced many plants from Brazil in 1836-1841. He 
 died as superintendent of Botanic Garden at Peradenia, 
 Ceylon, March 10, 1849. 
 
 Gautieri. In honor of Hypolito Gautier, collector in South 
 America for Ambrose Verschaffelt 
 
 Gibbsianus. In honor of Mr. H. Gibbs, an English ama- 
 teur. 
 
 Gibsoni. Complimentary to Mr. John Gibson, who collected 
 plants in the East Indies for the Duke of Devonshire. 
 
 Giganteus, -a, -um. Geatly exceeding its congeners in size 
 and stature. 
 
 Gigas. A giant, in allusion to size, either of plant or flower. 
 
 Gireoudiana. Complimentary to Mr. Gireoud. A species of 
 Brassia was so named by Professor Reichenbach. 
 
 Glabrous. Smooth and perfectly destitute of down or hair. 
 
 Gladiatus, -a, -um. Having sword-shaped foliage. 
 
 Glaucescens. Having a tendency to be glaucous. 
 
 Glaucus, -a, -um. Green, with the addition of a peculiar 
 bluish white as in the foliage of carnations. 
 
 Globiferus, -a, -um. Globe-bearing, in allusion to the round- 
 ness of the flowers. 
 
 Gloriosus, -a, -um. Renowned, illustrious, very beautiful. 
 
 Glumaceus, -a, -um. Chaffy in texture or resembling the 
 awns of wheat. 
 
 Glutinosus, -a, -um. Sticky. 
 
 Gongora. In honor of Antonia Gongora, Viceroy of New 
 Granada. 
 
 Goodyera. In memory of John Goodyer, an old Hampshire 
 botanist mentioned in Gerard's " Herbal," p. 228. 
 
 Goodyeroides. Resembling a Goodyera. 
 
 Govenia. In honor of J. R. Gowen. 
 
 Goweri. Complimentary to Mr. J. R. Gower, for many years 
 a collector in Assam. 
 
452 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Gracilis, -e. Slender and thence graceful. 
 
 Grahami. In honor of Dr. Graham, an amateur. 
 
 Graminoides. Resembling grass. 
 
 Grammatophyllum. From gramma, a letter, and phullon, a 
 
 leaf. 
 Grandifolius, -a, -um. Having leaves larger than those of 
 
 its congeners. 
 Grandiflorus, -a, -um. Having flowers large in comparison 
 
 with others of the genus. 
 Grandis, -e. Grand, great, imposing. 
 Granulosus, -a, -um. Covered with grains or roughness. 
 Graveolens. Strong smelling. 
 Greenii. Complimentary to Charles Green, gardener to Mr. 
 
 Wilson Saunders. 
 
 Griffithianus, -a, -um. *> Complimentary to the late William 
 Griffith!!, j Griffith, superintendent of the 
 
 Calcutta Gardens from 1841. Ob. Feb. 7, 1845. 
 Grobya. Dedicated to Lord Grey of Groby. 
 Guatemalensis. Native of Guatemala. 
 Guincensis, -e. Native of Guinea. 
 Guttatus, -a, -um. Spotted with color as if by falling drops. 
 
 H. 
 
 Habenaria. From habena, a rein. 
 
 Haemaria. Blood colored. 
 
 Haematochilus, -a, -um. Bloody lipped. 
 
 Hadweni. In memory of Isaac Hadwen, of Liverpool, a cul- 
 tivator of Orchids. 
 
 Halli. Commemorates the discovery of the Odontoglossum 
 so named, by Colonel Hall, in the valley of Lloa, near 
 Chimborazo. 
 
 Hanburyanum. In honor of Mr. Hanbury. 
 
 Harpophylla. Having sickle-shaped leaves. 
 
 Harrisonianus, -a, -um. Applied to a beautiful Saccolabium, 
 this name is complimentary to Mr. C. H. Harrison, of 
 Singapore, an eminent Orchid amateur. 
 
GLOSSARY. 453 
 
 Harrisonise. Commemorates the Liverpool family, to three 
 members of which Wm. Harrison (resident at Rio Ja- 
 neiro), Richard Harrison, and Mrs. Arnold Harrison 
 the Orchidology of Brazil and the Orchid cultivators of 
 thirty years ago, are so greatly indebted. 
 
 Harryana. In honor of Mr. Harry Veitch. 
 
 Hartwegia. Complimentary to Theodore Hartweg, a collec- 
 tor of Mexican Orchids. 
 
 Hastilabius, -a, -um. Spear-lipped. 
 
 Hastiferus, -a, -um. Spear-shaped, having some portion of 
 the plant of this shape. 
 
 Havanensis, -e. Native of, or brought from, Havana. 
 
 Hedyosmum. Sweet-smelling. 
 
 Helcia. From helcium* a horse-collar. 
 
 Helvolus, -a, -um. Pale red, yellowish. 
 
 Henchmani. In memory of Mr. Henchman. 
 
 Hendersonii. Complimentary to Henderson, several of which 
 name have been eminent in floriculture. 
 
 Henslaallii. Commemorative of John Henshall, collector of 
 the Messrs. Rollinson in Java. 
 
 Herbaceus, -a, -um. Green, succulent, in contradistinction to 
 woody. 
 
 Herbert!. In honor of Rev. William Herbert, a distinguished 
 botanist. 
 
 Heterocarpus, -a, -um. Having variable or various kinds of 
 seed pods. 
 
 Heyneanum. Complimentary. 
 
 Hians. Gaping, opening wide. 
 
 Hillii. Dedicated to Walter Hill, superintendent of Botanic 
 Garden at Moreton Bay. 
 
 Hirsutissimus, -a, -um. Very hairy. 
 
 Holfordianum. Complimentary to R. S. Holford, of Glouces- 
 tershire, who first bloomed the variety of Saccolabium gut- 
 tatum, bearing his name. 
 
 Holochrysus. All golden. 
 
454 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Hookerae. In compliment to Lady Hooker, widow of the late 
 W. J. Hooker, and mother of Dr. J. D. Hooker, the pres- 
 ent director of Kew Gardens. 
 
 Hookerianum. Complimentary to Dr. Hooker. 
 
 Horsfalli. Complimentary to J. B. Horsfall, of Staffordshire. 
 
 Houlletia. Complimentary to M. Houllet, superintendent of 
 the greenhouses of the museum of Paris. 
 
 Houtteana. In honor of Van Houtte, the well known horti- 
 culturist. 
 
 Humboldti. ] In memory of Humboldt, the 
 
 Humboldtianus, -a, -um. ) great botanical traveller and 
 scientific naturalist. 
 
 Humilis, -e. Low-growing. 
 
 Huntianum. In memory of Mr. Hunt. 
 
 Huntleya. Complimentary to Rev. John S. Huntley, cotem- 
 porary as an Orchid grower with Mr. Cattley and the 
 Liverpool Harrisons. 
 
 Huttoni. In memory of Mr. Henry Hutton, who died while 
 collecting Orchids in Java for Messrs. Veitch. 
 
 Hyacinthinus, -a, -um. Resembling a Hyacinth. 
 
 Hybridus, -a, -um. A hybrid variety. 
 
 Hymenanthus, -a, -um. Wedding-flower, alluding to delicate 
 beauty. 
 
 Hyphaematicus, -a, -um. Blood red underneath. 
 
 Hypnum. A genus of little green plants, usually called 
 mosses. 
 
 Hystrix. A porcupine. 
 
 I. 
 
 Ibaguensis, -e, or ) 
 
 } From Ibasrua. 
 Ybaguensis, -e. ) 
 
 Igneus, -a, -um. Fiery color, red. 
 
 Imbricatus, -a, -um. So disposed that the edges overlap ; 
 
 imbricate. 
 Immaculatus, -a, -um. Spotless. 
 
GLOSSARY. 455 
 
 Incrassatus, -a, -um. Thickened. 
 
 Incurvus, -a, -um. Crooked, bent. 
 
 Indivisus, -a, -um. Undivided. 
 
 Infundibulum. A funnel. 
 
 Inodorus, -a, -um. Scentless. 
 
 Insignis, -e. Noble, admirable, conspicuous. 
 
 Insleayi. Complimentary to T. Insleay, of Birmingham, for- 
 merly gardener to Mr. Barker, of Springfield. 
 
 Intergerrimum. Whole-lipped, applied to a species of Cata- 
 setum. 
 
 Intermedius, -a, -um. Half way between two other things. 
 
 Internodes. The portions of the stem that extend from joint 
 to joint. 
 
 Interruptus, -a, -um. Having regularity of outline partly de- 
 stroyed. 
 
 Inversus, -a, -um. Turned up. 
 
 lonopsis. From ion, a violet, and opsis, resemblance. 
 
 lonosmus, -a, -um. Scented like violets. 
 
 Irapeanum. From Irapeo (Mexico). 
 
 Iridifolius, -a, -um. Iris-leaved. 
 
 Irroratus, -a, -um. Dewy, moistened, sprinkled with dew. 
 
 Isochilus. From z'svs, equal, and cheilos, a lip. 
 
 J. 
 
 Jamesianum. In honor of the late Mr. James Veitch. 
 Janeirense. From Rio Janeiro. 
 Japonicus, -a, -um. Native of Japan. 
 Javanicus, -a, -um. Native of Java. 
 Jenkinsi. Complimentary to the late Captain Jenkins, an 
 
 Indian friend and correspondent of Dr. Wallich. 
 Johannis. In honor of Mr. John G. Veitch. 
 Jongheana. Dedicated to Mr. De Jonghe, of Brussels, an 
 
 orchiologist. 
 
 Jugosus. -a, -um. Furrowed, lipped, also mountainous. 
 Juncifolius, -a, -urn. Rush-leaved. 
 
4>6 ORCHIDS. 
 
 K. 
 
 Karwinskii. Dedicated to Count Karwinski. 
 
 Kingianum. In honor of Captain King, of the royal navy, 
 
 who commanded an exploring expedition in the South 
 
 Sea in 1828. 
 
 Knowlesii. In honor of Mr. Knowles. 
 
 Krameri. )The Oncidium so named refers to 
 
 Kramerianus, -a, -urn. > the skill of an old Orchid grower, 
 
 M. Kramer, now of Hamburg. The Odontoglossum is 
 
 named after his son, formerly a collector for Messrs. 
 
 Veitch, and now living in Japan. 
 Krebsii. Complimentary to Mr. Krebs, a collector of plants 
 
 in Natal. 
 
 L. 
 
 Labiatus, -a, -um. Large-lipped. 
 
 Lacceiia. A name of Helen of Troy, applied because of the 
 beauty of the plant. 
 
 Lacertinus, -a, -um. Resembling a lizard. 
 
 Laelia. Laelia was the eldest daughter of Caius Laelius, a 
 noble Roman, B. c. 141. She was celebrated for the 
 purity with which she spoke her native language, and for 
 pleasing and attractive qualities. The beautiful genus of 
 Orchids bearing her name is remarkable for all pleasing 
 qualities. 
 
 Laeliopsis. From Lcelia and opsts, resemblance. 
 
 Laevigatus, -a, -um. Having a smooth, polished surface ; 
 applied to stems. 
 
 Laevis, -e. Free from asperities and any kind of unevenness. 
 
 Lagenaria. Flask or bottle-shaped. 
 
 Lamellae. Very small, and thin vertical plates. 
 
 Laminatus, -a, -um. Covered with plates or scales. 
 
 Lanceanus, -a, -um. Complimentary to John Henry Lance, 
 who about forty years ago brought many fine Orchids 
 from Surinam. 
 
GLOSSARY. 457 
 
 Lanciferus, -a, -um. Having lance-shaped foliage. 
 
 Laiicifolius, -a, -um. Having narrow tapering leaves. 
 
 Landsbergii. In honor of Lands berg. 
 
 Lanipes. Having woolly stalks or peduncles. 
 
 Larpentae. In compliment to Lady Larpent, wife of Sir 
 George Larpent, Roehampton, Surrey. 
 
 Lassioglossus, -a, -um. Woolly tongued. 
 
 Latilabrus, -a, -um. Broad lipped. 
 
 Latifolius, -a, -um. Broad leaved, in comparison with others 
 of the genus. 
 
 Lawrenciana. In honor of Mrs. Lawrence, who formerly had 
 one of the finest collections of plants in England, and 
 who first bloomed many rare species. 
 
 Laxus. -a, -um. Loose, usually applied to flower-spikes. 
 
 Lemoniana. In honor of Sir Charles Lemon. 
 
 Lentigiiiosus, -a, -um. Freckled, covered with spots, scurfy. 
 
 Leochilus. From leios, smooth, and cheilos, a lip. 
 
 Leonis. Of a lion, in the sense of strong, stout 
 
 Leopardinus, -a, -um. Tawny or perhaps spotted like a leop- 
 ard. 
 
 Leopold!!. Complimentary to Leopold I., King of the Bel- 
 gians, whose garden at Lacken was noted for splendid 
 Orchids. 
 
 Lepidus, -a, -um. Neat, pretty, pleasing. 
 
 Leptosepalus, -a, -um. Having slender sepals. 
 
 Leptotes. Slender. 
 
 Leucochilus, -a, -um. White lipped. 
 
 Leucorrhodus, -a, -um. Rosy white. 
 
 Liliaceus, -a, -um. Resembling a lily. 
 
 LiHastrus, -a, um. Lily like. 
 
 Limbatus, -a, -um. Having a distinct border of some other 
 color. 
 
 Limminghii. In memory of the distinguished Belgian or- 
 chiologist Count Alfred de Limminghe. 
 
 Linawiauus, -a, -um. ? 
 
 \o 
 
458 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Lindeni. Complimentary to Mr. Linden, the celebrated hor- 
 ticulturist. 
 Lindleyanus, -a, -um. In memory of the late Dr. Lindley, 
 
 the distinguished orchiologist. Ob. Nov. I, 1865. 
 Linearis, -e. Linear, slender, of the same breadth through- 
 out, except at the extremities. 
 Lineatus, -a, -um. Penciled with fine lines. 
 Linguiformis, -e. Tongue-shaped. 
 Limatodes. Indian name. 
 Liparis. From liparos, shining. 
 Lissochilus. From Kssos, smooth, and ckeilos, a lip. 
 Lituiflorus, -a, -um. Like the Roman lituus, a slightly 
 
 curved trumpet. 
 
 Lobatus, -a, -um. Having deep indentations. 
 Lobbi. In memory of Messrs. Thomas and William Lobb, 
 
 collectors for Messrs. James Veitch and Sons. 
 Loddigesii. In honor of Conrad Loddiges and Sons, owners 
 of the famous Hackney nurseries. In 1844, their cata- 
 logue of Orchids numbered 1916 names. 
 Longicollis, -e. Having a long neck. 
 Longicornu. Having a long horn. 
 Longifolius, -a, -um. Long leaved. 
 Longiscapus, -a, -um. Having a long flower-stalk. 
 Lowii. In honor of the well-known nursery firm of Hugh 
 Low and Sons, sometimes referring to Hugh Low him- 
 self, sometimes to his eldest son, of the same name ; 
 sometimes to Mr. Stuart H. Low. 
 
 Luddemamiia. ") Complimentary to Mr. Ludde- 
 
 Luddemannianus, -a, -um. ) mann, once director of the 
 celebrated Orchid establishment of M. Pescatore, Celle 
 St. Cloud, Paris. 
 
 Lunatus, -a, -um. Crescent-shaped. 
 Luridus, -a, -um. Dismal colored, yellowish brown. 
 Luteolus, -a, -um. Pale yellow. 
 
 Luteo-purpureus, -a, -um. Yellowish purple or yellow and 
 purple. 
 
GLOSSARY. 459 
 
 Lutescens. Yellowish. 
 
 Luxatus, -a, -um. Disjointed. 
 
 Lyoaste. The name of a celebrated beauty who is said to 
 
 have lived at Drepanum, in Sicily. 
 Lyonsi. In memory of Mr. Lyon, a collector of West Indian 
 
 Orchids. 
 
 M. 
 
 M'Carthiee. Complimentary to Mrs. McCarthy, wife of Hon. 
 C. J. McCarthy, who in 1855 was Colonial Secretary in 
 Ceylon. 
 
 Mackayi. Complimentary to the late J. T. Mackay, of Trin- 
 ity College, Botanic Garden, Dublin. 
 
 McMarlandi. Complimentary to E. McMarland, an amateur 
 orchiologist. 
 
 Macodes. 
 
 Macraei. In honor of Mr. M'Rae, a Ceylon collector. 
 
 Macranthus, -a, -um. Broad or large flowered. 
 
 Macroceras. Long-horned. 
 
 Macrochilus, -a, -um. Broad or large lipped. 
 
 Macrophyllus, -a, -um. Broad or large leaved. 
 
 Macrostachius, -a, -um. Having long tails like an ear of 
 corn. 
 
 Maculatus, -a, -um. ) 
 
 [ Spotted. 
 Maculosus, -a, -um. ) 
 
 Majalis. Flowering in May. 
 
 Major. Larger than its congeners. 
 
 Majus. Large compared with others of the same genus. 
 
 Mannii. In honor of Mr. Mann, of the Calcutta Botanic 
 
 Garden. 
 
 Margareticeus, -a, -um. Pearly or spotted with pearly dots. 
 Marginatus, -a, -um. When a flat surface has the edge of a 
 
 different color so as to appear bordered. 
 Mariana. A complimentary name. 
 Marmoratus, -a, -um. Marbled. 
 
460 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Marshalleanus, -a, -um. In honor of Mr. W. Marshall, who 
 
 first bloomed the Oncidium so named. 
 Martiana. In memory of Dr. Von Martius, the Brazilian 
 
 explorer. 
 
 Masculus, -a, um. Male or masculine, thence robust in con- 
 tradistinction to delicate. 
 Masdevallia. In honor of Joseph Masdevall, a Spanish 
 
 botanist. 
 Masters!!. In honor of Mr. Masters, one of the principal 
 
 assistants in the Calcutta Botanic Garden. 
 Masuca. An Indian name. 
 Matutinus, -a, -um. Flower of the morning. 
 Maulei. Complimentary to the Bristol nurseryman and Orchid 
 
 grower, Mr. William Maule. 
 Maxillaria. So named from fancied resemblance of parts of 
 
 the flower to the jaws or maxillae of insects. 
 Maxillaris, -e. Resembling jaws. 
 Maxilligerus, -a, -um. Bearing a jaw-bone. 
 Maximus, -a, um. The largest of its family. 
 Medius, -a, -um. Intermediate, between two species. 
 Medusae. Medusa was one of the Gorgons whose locks 
 
 Minerva changed into serpents. 
 
 Megaclinium. From megas, great, and kline, a bed. 
 Melaleucus, -a, -um. Blackish. 
 Melanocaulon. Black-stalked, from melas, black, and kaulos, 
 
 a stalk. 
 
 Meleagris. Resembling or spotted like a Guinea hen. 
 Mendeli. Complimentary to Samuel Mendel, of Manley 
 
 Hall, owner of one of the finest collections of orchids 
 
 in England. It was dispersed in 1874. 
 
 Membranaceus, -a, -um. Thin, dry, flexible, and semi-trans- 
 lucent. 
 
 Microchilus, -a, -um. Small lipped. 
 Miltonia. Complimentary to Viscount Milton, Earl Fitzwil- 
 
 liam of Wentworth House, Yorkshire, where Orchids 
 
 were beautifully grown. * 
 
GLOSSARY. 461 
 
 Miniatus, -a, -um. Vermilion-colored. 
 
 Mitratus, -a, -um. Wearing a mitre, alluding to the shape of 
 
 the flower. 
 
 Moiiiliformis, -e. Necklace -like. 
 Monoceras. One-horned. 
 
 Monteanus, -a. -um. ) 
 
 > Inhabiting mountains. 
 Montanus, -a, -um. ) 
 
 Morelianus, -a, -um. In honor of M. Morel, of Paris. 
 
 Mormodes. From mormo, a goblin. 
 
 Moscifera. Bearing flies, from musca, a fly, and fero, to 
 
 bear, alluding to the resemblance of some flowers to a 
 
 fly. 
 
 Moschatus, -a, -um. Musk-scented. 
 Mossiae. Complimentary to Thomas Moss, of Liverpool, who 
 
 grew fine Orchids forty years ago. 
 Moulmeinense. Native of Moulmein. 
 Multiflorus, -a, -um. Many-flowered. 
 Myanthus. From muia, a fly. 
 Myrianthus, -a, -um. Innumerable-flowered. 
 
 N. 
 
 Naevius, -a, -um. Freckled. 
 Nanodes. From nanodes, a pigmy. 
 Naso. Having a nose. 
 Nasonia. From naso t a nose. 
 Nebulosus, -a, -um. Clouded ; when in flowers a dingy hue 
 
 pervades a bright one ; also, applied to a plant growing 
 
 at a lofty elevation. 
 Nemoralis, -e. Growing in groves. 
 Neottia. From neottia, a nest. 
 Nepalensis, -e. Native of Nepaul. 
 Nevadense. From Sierra Nevada. 
 Niger, nigra, -um. Black. 
 Nigrescens. Blackish. 
 Nigritus, -a, -um. Blackish. 
 
4 62 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Nitidus, -a, -um. Shining. 
 
 Nivalis, -e. Snow white. 
 
 Niveus, -a, -um. Snowy white. 
 
 Nobilis, -e. Eminent ; remarkable for fine qualities. 
 
 Nocturnus, -a, -um. Night-blooming. 
 
 Nodatus, -a, -um. > 
 
 f- Having many joints or nodes. 
 Nodosus, -a, -um. > 
 
 Notylia. From notes, the back, and tulos, a lump. 
 Nubigenuni. Cloud born. 
 Nutans. Nodding. 
 Nycterinus, -a, -um. Dusky. 
 
 O. 
 
 Obesus, -a, -um. Fat, fleshy ; applied to thick pseudo-bulbs. 
 Oblongatus, -a, -um. Drawn out, oblong. 
 Obryzatus, -a, -um. Pure gold color. 
 Obtusatus, -a, -um. 
 
 , Blunt. 
 Obtusus, -a, -um. 
 
 Ochraceus, -a, -um. ) 
 
 J- Yellowish. 
 Ochroleucus, -a, -um. > 
 
 Oculatus, -a, -um. Eyed , having one or more dark spots 
 
 like eyes. 
 
 Odontoglossum. From odontos, a tooth, and glossa, a tongue. 
 Odoratus, -a, -um. Fragrant. 
 Odoratissimus, -a, -um. Very fragrant 
 Octomeria. From octo, eight, and meros, a part. 
 (Eceoclades. From oikeo, to inhabit, and klados, a branch. 
 Oncidium. From ogkos, a tubercle, and eidos, appearance, in 
 
 allusion to the protuberances on the lip. 
 Oncidioides. Resembling an Oncidium. 
 Orchid. A plant with flowers like those of an orchis. 
 Orchis. From the Greek orchus. Formerly every Orchid 
 
 was called an orchis. The name is now restricted to a 
 
 definite growth of terrestrial species. 
 Ordiana. In compliment to Lady Ord. 
 
GLOSSARY. 463 
 
 Ornithidium. From arm's, a bird, and eidos, resemblance. 
 Ornithocephalus. From ornis, a bird, and cephalus, a head. 
 Ornithorhyncus, -a, -um. Resembling the beak of a bird. 
 Ovalis, -e. Of oval shape. 
 
 Ovate. A flat surface, having the outline of the vertical sec- 
 tion the shape of an egg. 
 Ovoid. A solid in the form of an egg. 
 Oxypterus, -a, -um. Sharp-winged. 
 
 P. 
 
 Pachyanthus, -a, -um. Thick-flowered. 
 
 Pachyphyllus, -a, -um. Thick-leaved. 
 
 Pahudii. In memory of Pahud ? 
 
 Paleaceus, -a, -um. Chaffy. 
 
 Fallidiflorus, r a, -um. Pale-flowered. 
 
 Pallidus, -a, -um. Pale. 
 
 Palumbina. From palumba, a dove. 
 
 Palustris, -e. Growing in marshes. 
 
 Palpebree. The eyelashes ; applied to a flower with fringed 
 
 lip. 
 
 Paniculatus, -a, -um. Branching irregularly. 
 Panduratus, -a, -um. Shaped like a violin. 
 Faphinia. From Paphia, one of the surnames of Venus. 
 Papilio. A butterfly. 
 
 Papillosus, -a, -um. Covered with teat-like protuberances. 
 Parasites. Plants which subsist by the absorption of the 
 
 juices of some other plant on which they fix themselves. 
 
 No epiphytal Orchid is a parasite. 
 Pardinus, -a, -um. Panther-spotted. 
 Parishii. Complimentary to Rev. C. S. P. Parish, of Moul- 
 
 mein, who has discovered so many splendid Orchids. 
 Parkeri. Commemorative of Mr. C. S. Parker, an amateur in 
 
 Orchids. 
 Parkinsonii. Commemorative of Mr. Parkinson, the English 
 
 consul-general in Mexico, about 1839. 
 
464 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Farviflorus, -a, -tun. Small-flowered. 
 
 Passerinus, -a, -um. Resembling or marked like a sparrow. 
 
 Patini. In honor of Mr. C. Patin, a Belgian collector in New 
 Granada. 
 
 Patulus, -a, -um. Spreading, broad, flat. 
 
 Paxtonia. Dedicated to Sir Joseph Paxton. 
 
 Paxtoni. Complimentary to the late Sir Joseph Paxton. 
 
 Pearcei. In honor of Mr. Pearce, the discoverer of many 
 new plants. 
 
 Peduncularis, -e. Having long peduncles or flower-stalks. 
 
 Pelicanus, -a, -um. Like a pelican. 
 
 Pellucidus, -a, -um. Transparent or bright. 
 
 Pendulus, -a, -um. Drooping. 
 
 Pentadactylus, -a, -um. Five-fingered. 
 
 Perianth. The calyx and corolla, or sepals and petals taken 
 together. 
 
 Peristeria. A dove. 
 
 Peristeria. Resembling a Peristeria. 
 
 Perrinii. In memory of the gardener who, forty years ago, 
 had charge of Mr. Harrison's Orchids at Liverpool, as 
 applied to Brasavola Perrinii j also, as applied to Lcelia 
 Perrinii, complimentary to Mr. Perrin, of Rio Janeiro. 
 
 Pertusus, -a, -um. Perforated ; having an aperture. 
 
 Pescatorea. ) Complimentary to the late M. Pescatore, whose 
 
 Pescatorei. ) collection of Orchids at Chateau Celle St. 
 Cloud, near Paris, was at one time the finest in Europe. 
 
 Petiolatus, -a, -um. Furnished with petioles. 
 
 Petola. In Amboyna the name of a very precious silk vest- 
 ment of many colors, and applied thence by the natives 
 to Ancectochilus Petola. 
 
 Phajus. Dusky ; applied to Phajus grandifolius, in reference 
 to the dusky color of the inside of the flowers. 
 
 Phalaenopsis. From phalawa, a moth, and opsis, resem- 
 blance. 
 
 Phceniceus, -a, -um. Purple-red. 
 
GLOSSARY. 465 
 
 Pliolidota. From pholis, a spot, and ous, an ear. 
 
 Fhymatochilus, -a, -um. Having a swelling on the lip. 
 
 Physosiphon. From phusa^ an inflated bladder, and siphon^ 
 a tube. 
 
 Physurus. Refers to the peculiarly inflated spur of the 
 flower. 
 
 Picturatus, -a, -um. Variegated. 
 
 Pictus, -a, -um. Painted. 
 
 Pierardii. In memory of the botanical traveler, M. Pierard, 
 who discovered Dendrobium Pierardii. 
 
 Pilcheri. Complimentary to Mr. Pilcher, gardener to S. 
 Rucker, of Wordsworth, 
 
 Pilumna. From pilion, a cap. 
 
 Pinelli. In honor of Mr. Pinel, of Brazil, an introducer of 
 some fine Orchids. 
 
 Planiceps. With flat or even head without protuberances ; 
 applied to the flower. 
 
 Plantagineus, -a, -um. Resembling a plantain (Plantago). 
 
 Planus, -a, -um. Level ; without protuberances. 
 
 Platyodon. Broad-toothed. 
 
 Pleione. The name of a mythological sea-nymph. 
 
 Pleurothallis. From pleura, the side, and thallo, to bloom. 
 
 Plicatilis, -e. Folded. 
 
 Plicatus, -a, -um. Folded or rolled together. 
 
 Polyanthus, -a, -um. Many-flowered. 
 
 Polybulbon. Having many bulbs. 
 
 Polychilus. Yrvmpolus, many, and cheilos, a lip. 
 
 Polycycnis. From polus, many, and kuknos, a swan. 
 
 Polymorphous. Assuming many different forms or appear- 
 ances. 
 
 Polystachya. From polus, many, and stachus, a spike. 
 
 Ponthieva. Dedicated to M. de Ponthieu, a West Indian 
 merchant. 
 
 Poriferus, -a, -um. Bearing pores or having small punc- 
 tures. 
 
 30 
 
466 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Portei. In honor of Mr. Porte, who discovered Phalcznopsis 
 
 Portei. 
 
 Portentosus, -a, -um. Monstrous. 
 Fraecox. Early blooming. 
 
 Prasinatus, -a, -um. Wearing a leek-green garment. 
 Fraemorsus, -a, -um. Gnawed or bitten ; applied to the ex- 
 tremity of anything which is thus ragged or torn-looking. 
 Preestans. Standing in front, excelling. 
 Preptaiithe. Worthy or honorable flower. 
 Prescottia. In honor of John Prescott, a botanist of St. 
 
 Petersburg. 
 
 Pretiosus, -a, -um. Valuable, excellent. 
 Primulinus, -a, -um. Resembling a primrose. 
 Prismatocarpus, -a, -um. Having prism-shaped seed-pods, 
 
 or three flat sides and three sharp angles. 
 Proboscidius, -a, -um. Having a snout or proboscis, as in 
 
 Catasetum. 
 
 Procerus, -a, -um. Tall, long. 
 Proliferus, -a, -um. Fruitful ; applied to a flower from which 
 
 another is produced. 
 
 Fromensea. The name of a prophetess of Dodona. 
 Pseudo. Mock or imitation. 
 Psyche. The soul ; mythologically, the inamorata of Cupid, 
 
 thus anything spirituelle. 
 Pterocarpus, -a, -um. Having winged seed. 
 Pubes. Down, downy. 
 
 Pubescens. Downy, or with a tendency to become so. 
 Pudicus, -a, -um. Modest. 
 Pulchellus, -a, -um. Fair, pretty. 
 Pulvinatus, -a, -um. Formed like or resembling a cushion, 
 
 especially through close contact of many little parts. 
 Punctatus, -a, -um. Spotted. 
 
 Punctulatus, -a, -um. Covered with pricks, points, or dots. 
 Fumilus, -a, -um. Dwarf, or low-growing. 
 Purpurascens. Purplish. 
 
GLOSSARY. 467 
 
 Purpuratus, -a, -urn. Arrayed in purple so as to carry a cer- 
 tain queenliness. 
 
 Purpureus, -a, -um. Red, with a mixture of blue. 
 Purus, -a, -um. Spotless ; of one color. 
 Pyriformis, -e. Pear-shaped. 
 
 Q. 
 
 Quadratus, -a, -um. Square, or approaching that shape. 
 Quadricolor. Four-colored. 
 Quadricornis, -e. Four-horned. 
 Quindos. A native name of Cattleya maxima. 
 Quinquecolor. Five-colored. 
 
 Quinquevulnerus, -a, -um. Having five wounds, or blood- 
 red spots. 
 
 R. 
 
 Raceme. A form of inflorescence, very common in Orchids, 
 in which the flowers provided with pedicels are disposed 
 more or less closely along a usually drooping stalk. 
 
 Racemosus, -a, -um. Branching, or having flowers in a ra- 
 ceme. 
 
 Radiatus, -a, -um. Arranged in a star-like manner or like the 
 spokes of a wheel. 
 
 Radical. Appearing to rise directly from the radix or root, 
 owing to the extreme shortness of the stem. 
 
 Raniferus, -a, -um. Bearing frogs. 
 
 Reichenheimii. In memory of Reichenheim. 
 
 Recurvus, -a, -um. Bent back, recurved. 
 
 Regnelli. In memory of M. Regnell, who collected Orchids 
 in Brazil, and sent home the Miltonia, so named. 
 
 Reinwardtii. Commemorative of Dr. Reinwardt. 
 
 Renanthera. From ren, a kidney, and anthera, an anther. 
 
 Restrepia. Meaning unknown. 
 
 Resupinate. Twisted half round, so that the bottom is made 
 the top. 
 
468 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Reticulatus, -a, -urn. Having reticulate lines. 
 
 Retusus, -a, -um. A flat surface, rounded at the end, but with 
 a broad and shallow notch in the centre. 
 
 Revolutus, -a, -um. Rolled backwards, applied to leaves, 
 petals, and lips of flowers. 
 
 Rigbyanus, -a, -um. In honor of Mr. Rigby, a plant-grower 
 at Brompton. 
 
 Rigidus, -a, -um. Stiff, applied to leaves and flower-stems. 
 
 Rhizoma. An underground creeping stem, usually thick and 
 fleshy. 
 
 Rhizophorus, -a, -um. Bearing or producing roots. 
 
 Rodriguezia. Complimentary to Emanuel Rodriguez, a Span- 
 ish botanist. 
 
 Roezlii. In honor of M. Roezl, who has discovered and in- 
 troduced many rare American Orchids. 
 
 Rogersii. In honor of Mr. Rogers. 
 
 Rosens, -a, -um. Rosy, delicate pink. 
 
 Rossii. Commemorative of Mr. John Ross, who collected 
 Orchids in Mexico. 
 
 Rostratus, -a, -um. Having a projection like the beak of a 
 bird. 
 
 Roxburghii. Complimentary to Dr. William Roxburgh, su- 
 perintendent of the Calcutta Botanic Garden, from 1793- 
 1814. 
 
 Ruber, rubra, -um. Red. 
 
 Rubescens. Rosy red, or suffused with rose, blushing. 
 
 Rubro-oculatus, -a, -um. Red-eyed. 
 
 Rubro-purpureus, -a, -um. Reddish purple. 
 
 Rubrovenia. Having red veins. 
 
 Ruckerii. Complimentary to Sigismund Rucker, West Hill, 
 Wandsworth, whose collection of Orchids was the finest 
 in England. 
 
 Rufescens. Reddish brown. 
 
 Rupestris, -e. Growing in rocky places. 
 
 Russellianus, -a, -um. In compliment to Lord Russell. 
 
 Rutidobulbon. Having wrinkled bulbs. 
 
GLOSSARY. 469 
 
 S. 
 
 Saccatus, -a, -um. Having a sack or pouch, alluding to the 
 shape of certain flowers, as Catasetum, Stanhopea. 
 
 Saccolabium. From saccos, a bag, and labium, a lip. 
 
 Saltatorius, -a, -um. Dancing, alluding to the movement of 
 the lip of some Orchid flowers. 
 
 Sanguineus, -a, -um. Blood-colored. 
 
 Sanguinolens. Approaching blood-color. 
 
 Sanguinolentus, -a, -um. Having blood-red spots or veins. 
 
 Sarcanthus. From sarx, flesh, and anthos, a flower. 
 
 Sarchochilus. From sarx, flesh, and cheilos, a lip. 
 
 Sarcodes. Of flesh-like substance. 
 
 Sarcopodium. From sarx, flesh, and podium, a projecting 
 portion. 
 
 Sauroglossum. From sattra, a lizard, and glossa, a tongue. 
 
 Secundus, -a, -um. One-sided. 
 
 Sedeniana. Complimentary to Mr. Seden. 
 
 Selenipedium. From Selene, a name of Diana, thus Diana's 
 slipper. 
 
 Selligerus, -a, -um. Saddle-shaped. 
 
 Semi-apertus, -a, -um. Half open, alluding to a flower. 
 
 Senilis, -e. Like an old man, applied to plants with white 
 hairs. 
 
 Sepals. The pieces of the calyx or outer portion of the 
 flower in Orchids petaloid and colored, three in number, 
 and usually quite free and distinct. 
 
 Serra. Like a saw. 
 
 Serratus, -a, -um. A flat margin, notched like a saw, ser- 
 rate. 
 
 Serrulatus, -a, -um. Delicately or finely notched, denticu- 
 late. 
 
 Sesquipedalis, -e. A foot and a half long. 
 
 Sessilis, -e. Destitute of individual stalk, sessile. 
 
4/O ORCHIDS. 
 
 Setaceus, -a, -um. Bristle-like or shaped. 
 
 Setigerus, -a, -um. Bearing bristles, from seta, a bristle, and 
 
 gero, to bear. 
 
 Scape. A leafless flower-stem. 
 Schillerianus, -a, -um. Complimentary to the late consul G. 
 
 W. Schiller, of Hamburg, a celebrated Orchid grower. 
 Schlieperianus, -a, -um. Complimentary to M. Adolphe 
 
 Schlieper, of Uderfeld, a zealous cultivator of Orchids. 
 Schlimii. In memory of Mr. Schlim, who collected Orchids 
 
 in Central America for Mr. Linden, 
 
 Schomburgkia, ) In honor of Mr. Schomburgk, the collector 
 Schomburgkii. J of many South American Orchids. 
 Schroder!. Complimentary to J. H. Schroder, Stratford 
 
 Green, Essex, a celebrated cultivator of Orchids. 
 Scuticaria. From scutica, a whip. 
 Scutiliferus, -a, -um. Shield-bearing. 
 Sherattiana. In compliment to Mr. Sherratt, gardener to 
 
 the late Dr. Lindley. 
 Siamensis, -e. Native of Siam. 
 Sieboldtii. In honor of Sieboldt, the Japan traveller. 
 Siuensis, -e. Chinese. 
 
 Sinuatus, -a, -um. > 
 
 > Bent, crooked. 
 Sinuosus, -a, -um. ) 
 
 Skinnerii. In memory of the late George Ure Skinner, who 
 collected and introduced many valuable Guatemalian Or- 
 chids. 
 
 Sobralia. In memory of F. M. Sobral, a Spanish botanist. 
 
 Sophronitis. From the Greek, modest, unassuming. 
 
 Sordidus, -a, -um. Dirty, but usually meaning dull-colored. 
 
 Sphagnum. The moss of wet meadows. When alive and wet, 
 bright green ; whitish when dry. 
 
 Spathe. A large, solitary bract. 
 
 Spathulatus, -a, -um. Spoon-shaped, round at summit and 
 narrow at base. 
 
 Speciocissimus, -a, -um. Eminently handsome, uniting ele- 
 gance of form and brilliancy of color. 
 
GLOSSARY. 471 
 
 Speciosus, -a, -um. The preceding in a subordinate degree. 
 
 Specklinia. In honor of Rudolph Specklin, who drew the 
 wood cuts in Fuch's " Historia Plantarum." 
 
 Spectabilis, -e. Deserving especial notice by reason of in- 
 trinsic worth. 
 
 Sphacelatus, -a, -um. Scorched ; some part looking as if 
 withered, as the pseudo-bulbs of Oncidium sphacelatum. 
 
 Spicatus, -a, -um. Bearing the flowers on spikes. 
 
 Spike. A form of inflorescence in which many flowers with- 
 out pedicels are closely set upon a vertical spike. 
 
 Spilopterus, -a, -um. Having spotted wings. 
 
 Spinosus, -a, -um. Having spines. 
 
 Splendens. Showy and handsome, with the idea of shining. 
 
 Sprucei. In honor of Mr. Spruce. 
 
 Squalidus, -a, -um. Dirty ; usually applied to flowers of dull 
 color or repulsive appearance. 
 
 Squarrosus, -a, -um. Covered with scurf. 
 
 Stamfordianus, -a, -um. Commemorative of Mr. Stamford. 
 
 Stanhopea. In honor of Philip Henry, Earl Stanhope, Pres- 
 ident of the Medico Botanical Society of London. 
 
 Stapeliseflorus, -a, -um. Flowers like a Stapelia. 
 
 Stapelioides. Resembling a Stapelia. 
 
 Steelii. In honor of Mr. Steel, who introduced Scuticaria 
 Steelii. 
 
 Stelis. Application unknown. 
 
 Stellatus, -a, -um. Star-shaped, or giving the effect of a 
 star. 
 
 Stelznerianus, -a, -um. Complimentary to Mr. Stelzner, of 
 Van Houttes' gardens. 
 
 Stenia. From stenos, narrow. 
 
 Stenocoryne. From stenos, narrow, and korune, a horn. 
 
 Stenophyllus, -a, -um. Narrow-leaved. 
 Stenorhyncus. From stenos, narrow, and rugchos, a beak. 
 Sternocmlus, -a, -um. Narrow-lipped. 
 
 Stouei. Complimentary to Mr. John Stone, gardener to Mr. 
 J. Day. 
 
472 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Streptopetalus, -a, -um. Twisted petals. 
 
 Striatus, -a, -um. Striped. 
 
 Suavis, -e. Sweet-scented or tasting. 
 
 Suavissimus, -a, -um. Very fragrant. 
 
 Subulifolia. Having foliage shaped like an awl ; from subula^ 
 
 an awl. 
 
 Sulcatus, -a, -um. Furrowed. 
 
 Sulphureus, -a, -um. Sulphur-colored, light-yellow. 
 Superbiens. Becoming grand and stately. 
 Superbus -a, -um. Excellent, commanding. 
 Sumatrana. Native of Sumatra. 
 
 Suttoni. In honor of Captain Sutton of the royal navy. 
 Sylhetense. Native of Sylhet. 
 Syringothyrsus, -a, -um. With trusses of flowers like a lilac. 
 
 T. 
 
 Tabularis, -e. Having a flat surface. 
 
 Tankervilliae. In honor of Emma, wife of the Fourth Earl 
 
 Tankerville, of Chillingham Castle, Northumberland. 
 Tattonianum. In honor of Lord Egerton of Tatton. 
 Taurinus, -a, -um. Having horns like a bull. 
 Tener. -era, -erum. Delicate. 
 Tenuifolius, -a, -um. Slender-leaved. 
 Tenuis, -e. Slender ; delicate. 
 Teres. Long and cylindrical ; terete. 
 Teretifolius, -a, -um. Having terete leaves. 
 Tetragonus, -a, -um. Having four angles. 
 Tesselatus, -a, -um. Tesselate, checkered. 
 Testaceus, -a, -um. Covered with spots the color of tiles. 
 Thibaultianus, -a, -um. Complimentary to Thibault de Ber- 
 
 neaud, a French horticulturist, and secretary of the Lin- 
 
 naean Society of Paris. 
 
 Thouarsii. In memory of the botanist Du Petit Thouars. 
 Thunia. Complimentary to Von Thun. 
 Thyrse. A kind of panicle, broadest in the middle. 
 
GLOSSARY. 473 
 
 Thyrsiflorus, -a, -urn. Having flowers in a thyrse or 
 
 branched raceme. 
 Tibicinis, -e. Resembling a trumpet ; the old pseudo-bulbs 
 
 of Schomburgkia are used as horns. 
 Tigrinus, -a, -um. Tiger or panther-spotted. 
 Tortilis, -e. Twisted. 
 
 Tovariensis. Native of Tovar, in Colombia. 
 Transparens. What can can be seen through ; but used 
 
 often in the sense of translucent, allowing the passage of 
 
 light. 
 Triadenium. Having three glands or three knobs on the 
 
 lip, as in Dendrobium triadenium. 
 Trianae. Complimentary to the botanist Signer Triana, who 
 
 collected plants in New Granada. 
 Trichocentrum. From thrix, a hair, and kentron, a spur, 
 
 from the long narrow spur of the labellum. 
 Trichopilia. From thrix, a hair, and pilion, a little hat. 
 Tricolor. Three-colored. 
 Tridentatus, -a, -um. Three-toothed. 
 Trifidus, -a, -um. Three-cleft. 
 
 Trigonidium. From trigona, a triangle, and eidos, resem- 
 blance. 
 
 Trilinguis, -e. Three-tongued. 
 
 Trimerochilum. Having the lip cleft into three parts. 
 Triumphans. Conquering, excelling all others. 
 Tripudians. Dancing. 
 Tripunctatus, -a, -um. Three-spotted. 
 Triquetrus, -a, -um. Three-cornered. 
 Tristis, -e. Dull-colored. 
 Trochilus. Resembling a humming bird. 
 Trulla. Trowel-shaped. 
 Trulliferus, -a, -um. Trowel-bearing. 
 Truncatus, -a, -um. Terminating abruptly, as if shortened 
 
 by removal of the extremity. 
 Tuberculatus, -a, -um. Bearing tubercles ; applied to plants 
 
 with little protuberances on some portion of the flowers. 
 
474 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Turner!. In honor of James A. Turner, of Pendlebury, Man- 
 chester, a zealous amateur in Orchids. 
 Turialvee. Native of the mountain of Turialva. 
 Tyrianthina. Bright violet color. 
 
 U. 
 Undulatus, -a -um. Wavy ; applied to crimped petals of 
 
 flowers. 
 
 Unguiculatus, -a, -um. Having claws. 
 Unicornis, -e. One-horned. 
 Uniflorus, -a, -um. One-flowered, or having single-flowered 
 
 peduncles. 
 
 Umbellatus, -a, -um. Having flowers in an umbel. 
 Umbonate. More or less flattened and with a base in the 
 
 centre, like a shield. 
 
 Uropedium. From uron, a tail, and pedion, a lip. 
 Uro-Skinnerii. In memory of George U. Skinner. See Skin- 
 
 nerii. 
 
 V. 
 Vanda is in Sanskrit the sacred mistletoe of the oak, the oak 
 
 being Vandaca. Thus the name was extended to parasites 
 
 and epiphytes in general, but always with an addition, as 
 
 Amaravanda, a tree Orchid. 
 Vaginatus, a, -um. Having sheaths. 
 
 Vanilla. Altered from the Spanish Vaynilla, which is a dimin- 
 utive of vaina, a sheath, alluding to the seed-pod. 
 Variegatus, -a, um. Variegated. 
 
 Veitchianus, -a, -um. ) In honor of the distinguished horti- 
 Veitchii. ) culturists of Exeter and Chelsea, 
 
 the late Messrs. James and John G. Veitch, and Mr. 
 
 Harry Veitch. 
 Velatus, -a, -um. Veiled. 
 Velutinus, -a, -um. Velvety ; soft. 
 Venosus, -a, -um. Veined. 
 Ventricosus, -a, -um. Distended ; swelling in the middle. 
 
 Applied to the pouches of plants. 
 
GLOSSARY. 475 
 
 Venus tus, -a, -um. Comely, graceful, ladylike. 
 
 Veratrifolius, -a, -urn. Having leaves like Veratrum nigrum. 
 
 Verecundus, -a, -um. Modest. 
 
 Verrucosus, -a, -um. Warted. 
 
 Vestitus, -a, -um. Clothed, i. e., with soft hairs. 
 
 Vexillarius, -a, -um. Bannered or showy, like a banner. 
 
 Villosus, -a, -um. Shaggy ; clothed with long, soft hairs. 
 
 Violaceus, -a, -um. Violet-colored. 
 
 Virens. Fresh-looking, lively green. 
 
 Virescens. Greenest ; having a tendency to grow green. 
 
 Virgatus, -a, -um. Twiggy. 
 
 Virgiiialis, -e. Maidenly ; pure white. 
 
 Viridipurpureus, -a, -um. Greenish purple. 
 
 Vitellinus, -a, -um. Yolk of egg color. 
 
 Vittatus, -a, -um. Banded ; marked with bands. 
 
 Viviparus, -a, -um. Multiplying easily. 
 
 Vulcanicum. Growing on the sides of a volcano. 
 
 W. 
 
 Wagneriana, > In honor of M. Wagner, a German collector 
 
 Wagneri. > in La Guayra. 
 
 Wailesii. In honor of G. Wailes, of Newcastle, an amateur 
 
 in Orchids. 
 
 Walkeri. ") Complimentary to Mr. Edward Walk- 
 
 Walkerianus, -a, -um. > er, who first discovered Cattleya 
 
 Walkeri in Brazil. 
 
 Wallichii. > In honor of Dr. N. Wallich, the dis- 
 
 Wallichianus, -a, -um. > tinguished East Indian botanist. 
 Wallisii. In honor of Mr. Wallis, of Rio Alvato, New Gra- 
 nada, the introducer of many fine South American Or- 
 chids. 
 
 Wardii. > In honor of several of the name of Ward. Den- 
 
 Wardiarmm. > drobium Wardianum was named for Thomas 
 
 Ward, of Southampton, who first flowered it. 
 Warneri. } Complimentary to Mr. Robert War- 
 
 Warnerianus. -a, -um. ) ner, whose collection of Orchids at 
 
4/6 ORCHIDS. 
 
 Chelmsford is one of the finest in existence. Also, as to 
 
 Odontoglossum Warneri, in honor of his brother, Mr. 
 
 C. B. Warner. 
 
 Warrea, ) In honor of Mr. Fred Warre, an ama- 
 
 Warreanus, -a, -um. ) teur collector in Brazil. 
 Warsoewiczella. ) Complimentary to M. Von Warscewicz, 
 Warscewiczii. ) well known as a collector in Central 
 
 America. 
 Weltoni. Commemorates the discoveries of Mr. Welton, a 
 
 collector of Orchids in South America. 
 
 Wightianum, 1 In compliment to Robert Wight, the East 
 Wightii. ) Indian botanist and author. 
 
 Williamsii. In compliment to B. S. Williams, author of the 
 
 " Orchid-growers' Manual." 
 
 Willmorei, ) Complimentary to John Willmore, of Oldford, 
 Willmoreana. ) near Birmingham. 
 Wolstenholmae. Complimentary to Mrs. Wolstenholm, sis- 
 
 ter of John Day, of Tottenham, an amateur in Orchids. 
 Woodfordii. In memory of E. A. J. Woodford, of Brazil. 
 Wrayae. Complimentary to Mrs. Wray, of Oakfield, Chel- 
 
 tenham, an amateur in Orchids. 
 
 X. 
 
 Xanthinus, -a, -um. Yellowish, amber. 
 Xanthodon. Yellow-toothed. 
 Xanthophebius, -a, -urn. Yellow-veined. 
 Xanthophyllus, -a, -um. Yellow-leaved. 
 Xiphifolius, -a, um. Iris-leaved. 
 
 Y. 
 Ybaguensis, -e. Native of Ybagua or Ibagua. 
 
 Z. 
 
 Zebrinus, -a, -um. Striped. 
 
 Zygopetalum. From zugos, a yoke, and petalon^ a petal. 
 
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