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 No. 61 Ncv. '93 
 
 OTharitxj ®rgaui^ati0u Society 
 
 OF THE CITV OF NEW YORK. 
 
 HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 CHARITY ORGANIZATION 
 
 IN THE 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 
 EEPOET OF COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF 
 OHAEITIES AND COERECTION, 
 
 Charles D. Kellogg, Chairman 
 
 CHICAGO 
 1893 
 
 BOSTON 
 
 Press of Geo. H. Ellis, i4i Franklin Street 
 
 1894
 
 L00(o ^'^/^ i7o y
 
 Hi/r 
 
 ^ 
 
 Cljarit^ (Organisation. 
 
 CHARITY ORGANIZATION IN THE UNITED 
 
 STATES. 
 
 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON HISTORY OF CHARITY 
 
 ORGANIZATION. 
 
 BY CHARLES D. KELLOGG, CHAIRMAN. 
 
 Under more than a score of names there may be enumerated 
 ninety-two associations in the United States and the Dominion of 
 Canada as in existence in 1893, which profess loyalty to the princi- 
 ples characteristic of the movement known as the Organization of 
 Charity. Of these the greatest variation of names arises among the 
 twenty societies originally inaugurated as Relief Societies but which 
 have adopted in part the methods of Charity Organization Societies 
 or Associated Charities after their formation, and \vhich are in cor- 
 respondence with them (Appendix A). Of the whole number sixty- 
 five (65) have made returns, with widely varying precision and com- 
 pleteness, to the Committee on the History of Charity Organization 
 of this Twentieth Annual Conference of Charities and Correction, 
 and upon these returns this report is based. 
 
 History. 
 
 Conditions Twenty Years Ago. — Twenty years ago, in the 
 sense of an agency for bringing charitable and municipal relief or- 
 ganizations into concert of action, there were no Charity Organiza- 
 tion Societies in America. There were in many cities voluntary 
 general relief societies professedly ready to undertake any sort of 
 humane task within their ability. In some instances, they laid claim 
 to most approved maxims of work, such as raising the dependent 
 poor into independence, the need of investigation as a basis of 
 
 770523
 
 relief, the duty of repressing imposture. Rarely they employed tiie 
 Friendly Visitor, and made employment the basis of relief. But, as 
 they were invariably distributors of material aid, this function sub- 
 merged all others, and they sank into the sea of common almsgiving, 
 appealing to their patrons for support on the ground that the money 
 given to them would enable them to enlarge the number of their 
 beneficiaries or increase the amount of their gifts, and attracting the 
 needy to their doors with the hope of loaves and fishes. In many 
 quarters there was no lack of judicious reasoning, or of admission 
 that the moral nature and the social lot of the poor were large factors 
 in the problem of pauperism ; but the efforts to extirpate it were 
 feeble and incidental, not dominant. On every side the current of 
 public sentiment was that every penny spent in administration was 
 so much abstracted from the poor, and that the best management 
 was that which entailed the least cost in getting bread and soup to 
 the hungry, and shelter, fuel, and clothing to the cold. Even in 
 religious missions to the extremely depressed it was felt that a man 
 should not be called upon to hear the gospel in rags or on an 
 empty stomach, and their dismal chapels were largely frequented by 
 sordid dissemblers who conformed for gain, and shunned by those in 
 whom a large measure of self-respect still prevailed. 
 
 Relief Twenty Years Ago. — Legal relief consisted of outdoor 
 and indoor systems, the latter being universally institutional; and 
 therefore it only falls incidentally within the scope of Charity Organ- 
 ization efforts. The practice of legal outdoor relief differed greatly 
 in different communities. In New York City the provision for this 
 form of aid was comparatively slight, and consisted in appropriations 
 for fuel distribution and for the adult blind in equally inadequate 
 amounts, and a trifling sum for medicines at the City Hospital. In 
 some cities, like Buffalo, Philadelphia and Brooklyn, large appropri- 
 ations of money were made for outdoor relief, and its administration 
 did not escape the suspicion of corrupt and political taint at times. 
 In New England cities and towns, overseers of the poor or select- 
 men distributed, much at their caprice, the relief provided by 
 taxation. l^>ut from every quarter testimony arises that the sy-^^tem 
 was without adequate safeguards of investigation, tests of destitution, 
 or means of hindering duplication of relief from several sources 
 simultaneously, or of making the relief adequate to the necessity. 
 Private almsgiving, for the most part through organized and often
 
 5 
 
 incorporated societies, was profuse and chaotic, while still behind 
 the demands made upon it, and was dispersed in tantalizing doles 
 miserably inadequate for effectual succor where the need was genu- 
 ine, and dealt out broadcast among the clamorous and impudent. 
 Amid all this mean prodigality there were almoners seriously and 
 studiously in earnest to make the relief they gave beneficent and not 
 injurious ; but the system, or rather want of it, and the exaggerated 
 conceptions of their resources excited among the poor, degraded and 
 impeded their labors. In fact, twenty years ago those in the 
 United States who thought that the function of relief could be lifted 
 above temporary material aid were few in number and but just be- 
 ginning to be heard. Indeed, it was the industrial depression fol- 
 lowing the commercial crisis which oegan in the autumn of 1873, 
 throwing multitudes out of work and making a heavy draft upon the 
 benevolent, which seems to afford the starting-point for the exam- 
 ination and reformation of the prevailing methods of charity. 
 
 Beginnings. — In 1872 the nearest approximation to Charity Or- 
 ganization to be found in the United States was the Chardon Street 
 Building in Boston. It was erected in 1869 by joint contributions 
 from the city and personal subscribers, in pursuance of a plan first 
 promulgated by Hon. Robert C. Winthrop in 1857, and subsequently 
 advocated in the annual reports of the Boston Provident Associa- 
 tion, of which he was the president. Under its roof are the offices 
 of the official boards and the principal voluntary relief societies of 
 the city. The econom)' and advantages of proximity for the pur- 
 pose of exchanging information and concerting measures df dealing 
 with applicants for help had been clearly pointed out, and the exist- 
 ence of this building facilitated the subsequent systematic develop- 
 ment of registration and co-operation in that city. 
 
 Germantown. — Although the movement to organize charities in 
 the cities of the United States everyw^here traces its origin to the 
 London Society and its publications, or to the discussions which 
 arose concerning it, there were several independent centres in which 
 it appeared nearly simultaneously in this country. In 1874 Rev. 
 Charles G. Ames led in the formation, upon London models, in 
 Germantown, a suburban ward of Philadelphia, of an association 
 which employed household visitors to investigate applicants for aid, 
 availed itself of the soup-house, fuel societies, churches, and espe- 
 cially of the outdoor municipal relief in procuring the requisite as-
 
 sistance, and supplemented it as need indicated from its own 
 resources. It brought the charitable operations of Germantown into 
 unexpected unison ; repressed imposture and the artificial appetite 
 for aid of such poor as sought it only because they wanted to share 
 in the good things provided for those who asked, and not because 
 they would otherwise be destitute of them ; reformed outdoor munici- 
 pal relief ; discovered real cases of hardship ; and gained the con- 
 fidence of the benevolent of all denominations in that community. 
 This association profoundly influenced the measures adopted by the 
 larger society formed in Philadelphia a few years later. 
 
 Early Investigations. — In the same year a Bureau of Charities 
 was formed in New York City, of which Mr. Henry E. Pellew was 
 chief promoter and secretary, that proposed to register persons re- 
 ceiving outdoor relief, either from the city, benevolent societies, or 
 individuals ; but the scheme was frustrated the next year by the 
 refusal of the largest relief-giving society in the city to co-operate. 
 This plan met with better success in Boston. In the autumn of 1875 
 the Co-operative Society of Visitors among the Poor was formed 
 in Boston, whose theatre of operation was in the North End. The 
 plan was a modification of the Elberfeld system as proposed by 
 Octavia Hill for London. No visitor was to have more than four 
 .„" cases " on hand, and lists were obtained from a physician who was 
 the visitor for the Provident Association in that congested and poor 
 district. The society held weekly conferences of visitors and repre- 
 sentatives of other charities, and it opened a work-room in the Char- 
 don Streei Charity Building. 
 
 Buffalo. — Buffalo has the honor of being the first city in the 
 United States to produce a complete Charity Organization Society of 
 the London type. The Rev. S. H. Gurteen, an English clergyman, 
 who had been active in the London Societ)-, was settled as an assist- 
 ant minister in St. Paul's Church there ; and he systematized the 
 work of his parish guild so that every application for aid w^as 
 promptly investigated. He proposed in 1877 the creation of a clear- 
 ing-office to which the charitable agencies of the city should send 
 daily reports ; and he lectured on " Phases of Charity," attracting 
 much attention. Simultaneously citizens, having met in conference, 
 were engaged in an effort to reform the methods of municipal out- 
 door relief, which had become extravagant, was careless and corrupt. 
 Failing to obtain legislation in Albany to create a commission for its
 
 7 
 
 control, they secured an ordinance from the city, under which, in 
 October, 1877, all applications for relief were for the first time 
 investigated by the police. On Dec. 11, 1877, as a result of 
 these agitations, the Charity Organization Society was set afoot 
 at a public meeting ; and it adhered to the principle of co-ordinating 
 existing relief agencies and giving no relief from its own funds except 
 in rare emergencies. 
 
 New Haven. — New Haven was next in line, May 23, 1878, with 
 the co-operation of the older local relief societies, and took charge 
 of cases until investigation elicited some mode of making more per- 
 manent disposition of them. 
 
 Boston. — In the spring of 1876 a Registration Committee was 
 formed by private citizens of Boston, and work was begun in the 
 autumn, carried on until the spring of 1878. and then abandoned in 
 view of the larger enterprise then under discussion. It had demon- 
 strated the value of reports from the offices of the Overseers of the 
 Poor, of benevolent societies, and of the Friendly Visitors above re- 
 ferred to, when collated : but it had failed to obtain the entire co-oper- 
 ation of relief organizations. Much discussion and many conferences 
 ensued during that year, looking to the formation of a society upon 
 the principles of Charity Organization, which would bring into associ- 
 ation all the relief agencies, ecclesiastical and secular, of the city. 
 The large relief societies knew the worth of registration, but doubted 
 the value of "friendly visiting." They were willing to support the 
 new movement, provided "the visitors had no power of relief." 
 This condition was fortunately acceded to ; and on I"eb. 26, 1879. 
 a provisional commission was formed by delegates from many chari- 
 ties, which carried on the work until December 8, when the present 
 constitution of the Associated Charities of Boston was adopted, 
 and went into effect. 
 
 Philadelphia.— Philadelphia brought forward its type in 1878. 
 In the previous autumn the officers of several soup societies, dissatis- 
 fied with the results of their previous work, called a public meeting 
 •of citizens to confer upon larger and better methods for the future. 
 A large committee was appointed to draw up a plan ; and on June 
 13, 1878, a constitution was adopted and a provisional organization 
 set on foot. This instrument was dominated by the idea of repro- 
 ducing in each of the thirty wards of the city a complete association, 
 like that existing in Germantown. The Central Board was to be com-
 
 8 
 
 posed of two delegates from each ward, which should meet monthly ; 
 and meanwhile its powers were to be exercised by an Executive 
 Committee. The provisional commission proceeded to organize 
 Ward Associations with great rapidity, and in due time delegates 
 were chosen to the Central Board and the Society was organized 
 under its constitution. The immediate results of so cumbrous and 
 democratic a scheme was that twenty-three societies were formed in 
 as many wards or groups of contiguous wards, pledged to take care 
 of all the distress and penury each in its territorial limits. Each 
 raised its own funds, and disbursed them without control ; and, as 
 there were but few persons in them who understood Charity Organiza- 
 tion principles, the work often fell into wrong hands, and the Ward As- 
 sociations were so many new almsgiving societies. By their attitude 
 they were virtually saying to all the older charitable societies that 
 there was no need of them, and they, as a rule, refused co-operation, 
 and still withhold it. Another result was that the Central Board had 
 no authority to control the methods of relief, and was itself subordi- 
 nate to its ward constituencies. One hundred and eighty persons 
 were needed to fill the offices of directors, while there were large 
 corps of visitors having a semi - independent organization. The 
 movement was highly popular at the start, and came in the first year 
 into an income of nearly $40,000. It offered itself to the commu- 
 nity as a complete, independent, and self-contained system for dealing 
 with every phase of charity ; but its very sufficiency obscured the 
 vital fact that Charity Organization aims at no more independence 
 than is necessary to maintain existence, and should be subservient 
 to all existing charity agencies with a view to their co-ordination. 
 Great reliance for the uniform working of the system was placed 
 upon monthly conferences of all the workers, directors, local super- 
 intendents, and visitors, and for a time these conferences were well 
 attended and were highly educational. In due time the plan was 
 revised, the choice of the Central Board was transferred from the 
 W^ard Associations to the annual meeting of the general society, its 
 initiative and oversight was strengthened, and the wards were con- 
 solidated into eighteen districts ; but the original features had made 
 a deep impression which has not been obliterated. The business 
 of registration and co-operation sank into control of the district or- 
 ganizations ; the Central office drifted into the specialty of caring 
 for non-residents and wayfarers' lodges ; and the society remains as
 
 it started out to be, a relief agency with dvarity (Jrgaaization tradi- 
 tions, j/ 
 
 Newport. — The benevolent community of Newport was aroused 
 in 1878 to the need of better co-operation among its charities by a 
 realization that a large proportion of the population of that prosper- 
 ous and wealthy town was, through the enormous increase of public 
 and private almsgiving, being rapidly pauperized. A study of the 
 situation revealed the astonishing fact that "one in ten of the popu- 
 lation was either wholly or in part supported by charity, and that 
 nearly one-half of that charity was thrown away." As the best 
 remedy for meeting the growing evil, the Charity Organization 
 Society was formed Feb. 12, 1879. None of our societies have 
 continuously done more intelligent and successful work, and but few 
 have accomplished equal results in uplifting the families under their 
 care. The marked feature in its history is its success in cultivating 
 habits of thrift and of saving among its beneficiaries. 
 
 Cincinnati. — Cincinnati was promptly in the field Nov. 18, 
 1879. The Associated Charities was initiated through influences 
 aroused chiefiy by the Women's Christian Association and other 
 societies, the inaugural meeting being held the same hour with the 
 first annual meeting of the Philadelphia society, and reciprocal con- 
 gratulations being exchanged between them. It started avowedly 
 on the lines laid down in the Boston society, but practically it fell 
 into the Philadelphia methods, and created or adopted twelve dis- 
 trict organizations dispensing relief and which the Central Board 
 was not able to control. Fortunately, the tact and force of the Gen- 
 eral Secretary repressed much of the mischief, secured a general 
 registration, and gave cohesion to the system until 1886, when he 
 resigned and the society lapsed into a relief agency, became un- 
 popular, and was about to be abandoned; when in 1889 it was re- 
 organized, the district treasuries were absorbed into one, the central 
 authority made dominant, and the distribution of relief was stopped, 
 to the great increase of efficiency and public confidence. 
 
 Brooklyn. — Brooklvn was another centre where the movement 
 arose spontaneously. In 1877 a commission of citizens undertook 
 the investigation of outdoor relief, which in that year comprised 
 46,350 beneficiaries and involved an expenditure of $141,207. This 
 resulted in restricting municipal outdoor relief to coal in 1878, and 
 in its total abolition the next j-ear. In 1S79 Mr. Seth Low, who had
 
 lO 
 
 been providentially and unpremeditatedly present at the inauguration 
 of the Buffalo society and deeply impressed thereby, enlisted Mr. 
 Alfred T. White ; and they, with others who had been instrumental 
 in abolishing the outdoor relief of the city, together with the volun- 
 teer visitors of the outdoor poor, organized the Brooklyn Bureau 
 of Charities, which does not give relief, but maintains wood-yards, 
 laundries, work-rooms, and a woman's lodging-house. 
 
 Indianapolis. — Indianapolis enjoyed the labors of Rev. Oscar C. 
 McCuUoch as president of the Benevolent Society, in which office he 
 had made careful studies of the poor-relief problem. In 1876 Mr. 
 King, the Township Trustee or Overseer of the Poor, began to 
 systematize and improve the administration of poor-relief, and to- 
 gether these gentlemen led on to the formation, Dec. 5, 1879, of the 
 Charity Organization Society. 
 
 New York. — New York, as the largest centre of population in 
 the country, demands notice here. The difficulties encountered 
 in securing influential co-operation in 1874 for a time paralyzed 
 further effort, although the necessity for some organization was long 
 discussed by persons interested in charitable enterprises. In 1881 
 the matter was taken up by the State Board of Charities, and 
 through its initiative the Charity Organization Society of the City 
 of New York was founded in January, 1882, and incorporated on 
 the loth of May following. It followed the Boston plan in respect 
 to the important features of giving no relief and of creating district 
 associations maintained from a common treasury and under central 
 control. 
 
 National Conference. — All other Charity Organization So- 
 cieties in the United States trace their origin to these now enumer- 
 ated, which have been selected not only as among the earliest in 
 the field, but as illustrating the diversity of origin of the movement, 
 the causes which immediately led to the associations for organizing 
 charity, and the two types of societies, those which combine relief 
 from their own funds with their methods and those which do not. 
 The movement found an expression of its unity in the National 
 Conference of Char'ities and Correction, which is itself an outgrowth 
 of the American Social Science Association. It is first mentioned 
 in the proceedings of the Chicago Conference of 1879, where Mr. 
 Seth Low presented a description of the work in Brooklyn, and a 
 committee was formed to report upon Charity Organization. Two
 
 1 1 
 
 years later, at IJoston, nineteen societies reported to the National 
 Conference ; and the committee grew to a Section, which published a 
 separate report of its own proceedings. 
 
 Suppression of Outdoor Relief. — Simultaneously with the 
 beginning of Charity Organization, and promoted by the same men, 
 there was a repression in important cities of official outdoor relief. 
 -Returns from four cities for that time give the following results ; — 
 
 City. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Out-relief. 
 
 Year. 
 
 Out-relief. 
 
 Brooklvn 
 
 1877 
 
 1877 
 1876 
 
 1879 
 
 $141,207 
 99,196 
 90,000 
 66,000 
 
 1880 
 1880 
 1880 
 1880 
 
 None. 
 
 Buffahj . . 
 
 $37,868 
 8,000 
 None. 
 
 350,535 
 
 Indianapolis, Centre Township . . 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Amount saved to ta.x-payers .... 
 
 Total 
 
 $396,403 
 
 $396,403 
 
 
 While this elimination of outdoor relief was not pressed by formal 
 action of our societies, Charity Organizationists claimed the credit of 
 it as the result of their agitation and personal effort, and it was ex- 
 actly in the line of the principles they advocated. Diligent inquiry 
 showed that no sutifering ensued in consequence of the withdrawal, 
 while the admissions to almshouses and infirmaries in the cities named 
 contemporaneously decreased. This event attracted wide attention 
 in watchful official circles, evinced the value of the investigations 
 which preceded it, and disclosed the worse than useless prodigality 
 of outdoor relief. Its influence spread far and wide beyond the 
 limits where it could be statistically followed, and was the begin- 
 ning of a wiser administration of the charitable funds raised by taxa- 
 tion in many communities. 
 
 Ten Years of Growth. — In 1882 there were twenty-two Char- 
 ity Organization Societies known to exist in the United States, and 
 ten others which had adopted some of the leading features of this 
 movement, and were enrolled as correspondents with the former so- 
 cieties. They embraced cities and towns having a population of 
 6,331,700, or twelve per cent, of the total of the United States; and 
 among them were the chief centres of influence in the country. Of 
 these societies ten were in or had just completed the first year of 
 their operations ; and among them were some destined to be the most 
 important in the Union, administering in incorporated populations of
 
 12 
 
 2,363,138. From this point it is practicable to make tables and 
 comparisons which exhibit the growth, mode of operations, and re- 
 sults of the Charity Organization movement for a decade in the 
 United States. (See Appendix B.) 
 
 At the close of the year 1892 there were ninety-two Charity Or- 
 ganization and affiliated societies, — an increase of two hundred and 
 seventy-eight per cent, in ten years ; and they were located in cities 
 and towns comprising a population estimated at 11,080,766 (by cen- 
 sus of 1890, 10,419,150). Of these, six were founded in 1883, nine 
 in 1884, five in 1885, four in 1886, two in 1887, six in 1888, six in 
 1889, six in 1890, four in 1891, and five in 1892. Of these, thirty- 
 two report that their organizations sprang up independently of other 
 charitable societies ; fifteen, that they were promoted by existing 
 charities ; six, that they were reorganizations ; one, that it was a con- 
 solidation of two movements ; and one, that it was the enlargement of 
 a committee to investigate outdoor poor relief. In nearly every in- 
 stance the motive leading to these organizations is declared to have 
 been discontent with the prodigality and inefficiency of public relief, 
 and the chaotic state of private charity. Twenty-two of our associa- 
 tions report that voluntary charity was lavish, uninformed, and aim- 
 less, with no concert of action ; two, that it was variable, and there- 
 fore unreliable ; one, that it was impeded by discouragement ; and 
 one, that it did not exist in the community. 
 
 Two Types. — Classified by their relation to almsgiving, twenty- 
 five of our associations report that they do not give material relief 
 from their own funds ; twenty, that they do relieve : nine, that they 
 do so only in emergent cases, of which two add that they do so in 
 order to avoid official outdoor relief. Thus two classes are formed, 
 one of which comprises almsgiving agencies in which thirty societies 
 enroll themselves, and the other relies upon other societies and upon 
 individuals for the physical resources it recommends, and thus se- 
 cures relief by co-operation ; and in tliis class twenty-five societies 
 enroll themselves. Of the twenty relief-giving societies, six are 
 affiliated or are older organizations readjusted. Omitting these, we 
 find that fifty-one per cent, of those reporting to us do not directlv 
 relieve, while forty-nine per cent. do. In 1881 there were but twelve 
 relieving and seven non-relieving societies reporting, — a percentage 
 of sixty-three to the former and thirty-seven to the latter. These are 
 instructive figures, showing the tendency of the movement, when its
 
 13 
 
 principles are faithfully followed, toward the type of a pure organiza- 
 tion agency as the complement of the other charitable enterprises of 
 society. (See Appendix C.) 
 
 Propaganda. — The methods taken to disseminate Charity Organi- 
 zation principles are various. Most of the societies publish annual 
 reports, though a few of the smaller ones publish nothing. In a few 
 instanced, monthly reports are published. There are thirteen soci- 
 eties which rely for the promulgation of their views solely upon per- 
 sonal advocacy and the results of their work ; twenty make use of 
 local papers, one of them maintaining a weekly column in a local news- 
 paper ; sixteen issue occasional papers, tracts, and pamphlets ; four 
 publish periodicals ; and several make use of public conferences, 
 lectures, and meetings. There are also in several cities Directories of 
 Charities, describing the benevolent institutions and associations 
 therein, which are prepared by Charity Organization Societies. 
 
 Lapsed Societies. — It is known to this committee that thirteen 
 Charity Organization Societies have been formed and dissolved. 
 They were located as follows, the dates of their organization being 
 also given as far as ascertained : — 
 
 . Altoona, Pa. 1884. Paterson, N.J. 
 
 18S2. Chicago. Merged in a relief society. 1881. Princeton, N.J. 
 
 1886. Columbus, Ohio. 1885. Quincy, 111. 
 
 18S6. Dedham, Mass. 1884. Sandusky, Ohio. 
 
 1883. District of Columbia. Suspended. 1888. St. Joseph, Mo. 
 
 18S1. Lowell, Mass. 1890. Toledo, Ohio. 
 1883. Moline, 111. 
 
 There are twenty-five societies enrolled which have made no re- 
 port, of which six are on the affiliated or readjusted list. Some of 
 these preserve an organization as a nucleus for rebuilding, and some 
 are the chief relieving agencies of the communities in which they are 
 located. A few are practically in suspension. Various causes may 
 be assigned for the creation of this delinquent and lapsed list. For 
 the most part it embraces comparatively small communities, where 
 the field for combining benevolent enterprises is small, and in some 
 cases the management of poor-relief is fairly good and easily influ- 
 enced. There are instances where the Charity Organization Society 
 was the first and only general non-sectarian association in the town, 
 and it drifted into the work of relief. More frequently the nascent 
 society yielded to the opposition of the friends of the old system,
 
 M 
 
 or was planted in a community not prepared to comprehend and 
 maintain it, or it lacked the superintendency essential to the promo- 
 tion of a reform so radical and complex as that involved in the re- 
 adjustment of the benevolence of a whole community. Probably the 
 lack of trained and capable superintendents, and of suitable Friendly 
 Visitors prepared to bear the restraints of Charity Organization, is 
 the chief cause of miscarriage ; for where a society has been able to 
 command these, and to put them in control of its work, it has taken 
 root and won support to its standards. 
 
 On Reports from Societies. — The last ten years of the history 
 of Charity Organization this report will exhibit in tabulated statistics 
 appended thereto, merely calling attention here to their salient points 
 and results. For its preparation a circular letter was prepared (see 
 Appendix D), and sent to every society know to your committee. It 
 is to be regretted that many of the returns were so imperfect as to 
 render them useless for purposes of comparison or for illustrating 
 the growth of the movement. In some instances, the society had 
 kept no records which would supply the information sought ; in 
 others, the correspondent misconceived the object of the question, 
 and replied in general terms instead of statistics ; and in still others 
 there was little appreciation of the importance of this occasion or the 
 \'alue of full and accurate reports. On the other hand, many of the 
 returns bear evidence of excellent office records, systematic work, 
 and painstaking to fill the blanks in the circular fully and accurately. 
 A study of the appendices to this report will disclose the imperfec- 
 tions referred to. From the material furnished the following exhibit 
 is made. 
 
 Changes of Method. Relief Adopted. — In a movement of so 
 recent origin there has been but small room to judge of the effects of 
 various methods and to devise new plans of work. Most of the 
 Charity Organization Societies still adhere to the methods with 
 which they started out. Still there are three distinct phases of 
 development to be detected in the growth of their work : (i) the 
 adoption of material relief; (2) the abolition or reduction of such 
 relief; and (3) the expansion of Friendly Visiting and provident 
 enterprises. Four societies report a change from organizing and 
 co-operative work by adding thereto the distribution of some form 
 of alms. Worcester at first created a separate treasury known as 
 the Fund of lienevolent Individuals, on which its officers drew for
 
 15 
 
 cases of necessity ; and thus it began with keeping its organization 
 and visiting work apart from the distribution of ahns. But the ex- 
 pedient was cumbersome, and this fund was absorbed into the gen- 
 eral treasury, and thence distributed as the need of appHcants re- 
 quired. At the same time this relief work is a matter of regret, and 
 the reason assigned for its continuance is the small number and 
 inadequacy of charity societies in that city. In Rochester, under the 
 form of " Immediate Relief," our society has entered on a phase of 
 general almsgiving, probably as a temporary makeshift until some 
 more effectual disposition cap be made of cases in its care. But 
 the report is made that this change has greatly conciliated public 
 opinion, and increased the contributions to the treasury of the soci- 
 ety. The Lynn society became trustee of a bequest for the benefit 
 of local poor, and turned the income into a loan and emergency 
 fund ; while Minneapolis established an emergency fund, but, re- 
 stricting its use to its paid agents, kept its Friendly Visiting corps 
 free from being entangled with its distribution. From these state- 
 ments the inference is that alms relief has been for the most part 
 taken up in a very restricted way, and but few Charity Organization 
 Societies which did not begin with it have since adopted it. 
 
 Relief Withheld. — On the other hand, several of our societies have 
 distinctly receded from the work of material relief, to seek it by co- 
 operation with other benevolent agencies. Notable is the history of 
 Cincinnati, the experience of which in coquetting with relief distribu- 
 tion from its own treasury is already recited above, and which in 
 consequence came near the verge of extinction. Now, freed from 
 that alliance, it is one of the most effective societies upon the list. 
 A like experiment went on in Detroit. Its funds were withdrawn from 
 distribution among the poor, its too independent district associations 
 were abolished, and a board of fifteen trustees was put in complete 
 charge of the administration. From the important city of Philadel- 
 phia, where the society began with its sovereignty lodged in ward 
 associations, that system still nominally remains ; but the report 
 comes that the Central Board has gained in influence and authority 
 over the ward administrations, and is now enforcing the charity organ- 
 ization theory more vigorously than was possible at first. In Pueblo 
 and San Francisco direct relief work has receded, and been replaced 
 with better systems of investigation and co-operation with other 
 charitable agencies. Syracuse has restricted its material relief to
 
 iC 
 
 the merest tiding over, through co-cperating agencies, of emergent 
 cases until some judgment can I^e reached on the better disposition 
 of an applicant for aid, and this society enrolls itself as a non-reliev- 
 ing association. In Orange, NJ., and Seattle, Wash., the employ- 
 ment of a paid and expert superintendent has been found to put an 
 end to feebleness and inefficiency. 
 
 Devf.lopment. — It is interesting to note the lines of development 
 of agencies which the Charity Organization Societies keep in their 
 own control. The influence they have had in promoting beneficent 
 schemes to be carried on by others will be touched upon in later 
 paragraphs. The developments here referred to are those which 
 have been engrafted on our societies after their foundation and as a 
 result of experience. But the inference must not be drawn that they 
 are peculiar to the societies enumerated. Many others began their 
 career with Friendly Visitors, employment agencies, registration, in- 
 vestigation, and provident schemes, and where these features are 
 here enumerated they simply' show the tendency of all societies to 
 come into line in the nature of their work. Baltimore has added an 
 employment bureau and friendly visiting to its original plan ; so also 
 has Brooklyn, while also developing labor tests of real need ; Ban- 
 gor has improved its system of registration and investigation ; New 
 Haven indexes in book records its card registration, has adopted 
 friendly visiting, and established a savings fund ; New York has 
 learned to make its exchanges of information more prompt and 
 complete, has created a provident savings fund, and encouraged 
 provident schemes and labor tests ; Waterbury has added provident 
 schemes ; and Wilmington, Del., has sought larger conformity to the 
 work of the greater sister societies. 
 
 Finance. — In extenuation of the enormous percentages of con- 
 tributing support, which otherwise would seem extravagant, it must 
 be remembered that this review embraces only fourteen organiza- 
 tions in 1882, several of which were in their first year, and com- 
 pares them \vith fifty-four societies reporting ten years later. This 
 in itself represents an increase of nearly three hundred per cent, in 
 the number of organizations participating in this report ; and the 
 other growths are closely correspondent. Thus in the last ten years 
 the number of individual contributors quadrupled, the number of 
 contributing churches and societies increased more than three hun- 
 dred and seven per cent., while nine societies received aid from State
 
 17 
 
 and municipal treasuries to the extent of ;$i 7,878 in 1892, and 
 another an office free of rent. The income of forty-eight societies 
 increased threefold in 1892 over that of seventeen in 1S82, and 
 reached an aggregate of $263,421. Fourteen societies report the 
 beginning of invested funds, and together they held property and 
 securities valued at $409,038. (See Appendix E.) 
 
 Real Estate. — The real estate which has passed into possession 
 of Charity Organization Societies demands attention not only for its 
 magnitude, but as indicative of the permanency of this sort of work 
 among the established features of modern social life. These endow- 
 ments began in Buffalo, 1880, when, through the generosity of a single 
 individual, the Fitch Creche was established at a cost of about $40,- 
 000, an institution which has done much to promote industry and 
 thrift among the poor, and is the best equipped agency of the kind 
 in America. To this gift Mr. PJenjamin Fitch added much other 
 property, conveying it by deed of trust to the society for the purpose 
 of encouraging provident schemes. The Fitch Institute, completed 
 in 1883, not only affords offices for the accommodation of the soci- 
 ety, but within it are comprised an Accident Hospital and a Train- 
 ing School for nursery maids and domestic servants. These proper- 
 ties form the greater part of the $300,000 invested on behalf of the 
 Buffalo society. Very noble is the admirable and imposing United 
 Charities Building of New York, erected by Mr. John S. Kennedy, 
 and dedicated March 6, 1893. It was deeded to four of the prin- 
 cipal charity societies of the city, who manage it through a board of 
 trustees chosen by them. Each has an equal share in the use and 
 income of the structure, and one of these is the Charity Organiza- 
 tion Society. As it cost over $600,000, the equity of this society is 
 valued at $150,000. The Charities Building in Chardon Street, 
 Boston, was already in existence when the Associated Charities of 
 that city were organized ; and here that society has always had its 
 headquarters free of rent. It was built in part by private subscrip- 
 tions. The Bridgeport society owns a building valued at $11,000, 
 that of Cleveland one valued at $23,000, and New Haven has a fund 
 of $30,000 dedicated to a like purpose. These edifices are centres 
 of conference, co-operation, and exchanges of information, and vir- 
 tually add an estimated value of about $220,000 to the invested re- 
 sources of Charity Organization in the United States, making a total 
 cf $530,000.
 
 Internal Organization.— With pardonable pride attention is 
 called to the fact that fifty-two societies report placing in the field of 
 administration and personal service of the needy in 1892 an army of 
 5,476 men and women. This number is below the actual fact, since 
 seventeen of the societies make no return of their administrative 
 officers, and eight none of their Friendly Visitors, while Philadelphia 
 fails to enumerate the officers and visitors of its eighteen large dis- 
 trict societies with which several hundred visitors are connected. 
 The total number is doubtless over 6,000. This report would gladly 
 exhibit the relative part taken by men and by women in this work ; 
 but its conclusions are marred by the fact that six societies have not 
 distinguished the sexes in their returns, and these embrace some 
 important cities. Where no distinction has been made, administra- 
 tive offices have been credited to men, who predominate therein, 
 and for a like reason visitors have been reckoned as women in our 
 tables ; and the results as stated are the best now attainable. In 
 administrative work 763 men, an increase of 157 per cent., in ten 
 years, and 511 women, an increase of 220 per cent., were engaged 
 in 1892. Of paid officials the same year there were 7 7 men (increase 
 220 per cent.) and 135 women (increase 250 per cent.) in the 
 service; while of Friendly Visitors 456 men (increase 1,400 per 
 cent.) and 3,534 women (increase 165 per cent.) toiled in the homes 
 or over the ill-fortunes of applicants for aid. As 74,704 cases came 
 under the notice of the societies, this would give an average of 17.6 
 cases to each visitor, — a number altogether too large for effective 
 work. Boston has developed friendly visiting to the highest effi- 
 ciency, having 767 visitors in the field. There this feature of the 
 work is regarded as "the soul of the movement," and there was in 
 1892 one visitor to each 1.98 cases treated. Indeed, here the Char- 
 ity Organization movement grew out of a Friendly Visitors' Associa- 
 tion. Brooklyn comes next on the list, having 532 visitors, and 
 yet, in common with New York, feels its work hampered and re- 
 stricted by the lack of an efficient force of visitors. Cincinnati 
 regards this as the most successful feature of its work; and from 
 many quarters comes the expression of a desire to enlarge this 
 department. It is the means by which the higher resources of so- 
 ciety, its hope, discipline, thrift, and kindness of heart, are diffused 
 among the depressed and those who have fallen by the way ; it is 
 the means of contact with poverty of mind and purse ; it is the vital
 
 19 
 
 agency in evoking the capacities of the poor for self-maintenance. If 
 Charity Organization seeks to withdraw that material relief which 
 weakens independence, it does so in order to replace it with the 
 choicer and holier aid of wisdom, self-control, and sympathy. (See 
 Appendix V.) Fifteen societies control one hundred subordinate 
 district conferences or associations, and twenty-nine avail themselves 
 of conferences among officers and visitors to consider methods and 
 the disposition to be made of individual and family cases. These 
 conferences range from weekly through monthly and quarterly ses- 
 sions. A notable example of kindred work lasted through the first 
 eight years of the Philadelphia society. Here once a month an 
 Assembly of the whole society was held and numerously attended, at 
 which papers were read, and practical discussions maintained on the 
 problems of charity; and the effect of them was incalculable in edu- 
 cating the workers and even the community in a sense of responsibil- 
 ity for their poor brothers and sisters. It was a popular school for 
 teaching charity, and did much to plant the principles of Charity Or- 
 ganization in the confidence of the public and to unify the work of 
 the large and too independent Ward Associations. 
 
 Lines of Work Developed. (See Appendix G.) Repression of 
 Public Outdoor Relief. — Outdoor relief from tax-rates was long ob- 
 noxious to the students of the English poor-law system ; and Parlia- 
 ment vainly tried to abolish it by confining aid to the workhouse, 
 which w^as thus intended to be a test of destitution. But the laws 
 broke down, and the vicious distribution by parish officers still went 
 on. Together with much that is beyond criticism in common law, 
 the evils of this system were imported from the mother country, and 
 were widely applied in the United States. One of the first move- 
 ments on Charity Organization lines was, consequently, a widely dif- 
 fused effort to reform or abolish municipal outdoor relief. In some 
 instances, as in Brooklyn and to some extent in Buffalo, it antedated 
 the Association of Charities for co-operative work and directly led 
 thereto, the same men being active leaders in each agitatioii. In 
 other instances, as in Philadelphia, city outdoor relief was abandoned 
 because the Charity Organization Societies stood ready to make it 
 needless. It was a distribution of alms very much suspected as con- 
 tribution to political corruption ; and where its administration escaped 
 this suspicion there was little responsibility for the individual appli- 
 cation of the appropriation, and less investigation into the needs and
 
 20 
 
 habits of the recipients. The mere existence of an appropriation 
 from the public treasury was demoralizing to the poor, who thought 
 they had a right to a share in it and felt no gratitude for so imper- 
 sonal and official a dole. It would be gratifying, if the statistics were 
 to be had, to show what Charity Organization has done directly in 
 lightening the tax-payers' burden ; but this is a matter of minor signifi- 
 cance compared with the more humane remedial aims of the move- 
 ment. Only eight societies have supplied definite figures, and the 
 results are given in this table : — 
 
 Brooklyn, — abolished in 1S7S ; amount appropriated in 1S77, . . . .$141,207.00 
 Buffalo, — average reduction, 50 per cent.; amount saved per annum, . 50,000.00 
 
 Burlington, la., — reduction in one year 4.000.00 
 
 Hartford, Conn., — reduction, 65 per cent.; amount saved per annum, . 26,000.00 
 Indianapolis, — reduction, 91 per cent.; amount appropriated in 18S0 
 less than in 1S76 (this city now reports applications for aid re- 
 duced one-half) 82,000.00 
 
 New Haven, Conn., — reduction in one year (also one relief society's 
 
 expenditure fell from $2,000 to 3500), 10,000.00 
 
 Omaha, Neb., — reduction in one year, 1 5,000.00 
 
 Philadelphia, — abolished in 1880; average appropriations to 
 
 1S79, $66,000 
 
 Less outdoor medical relief continued, averaging per year 
 
 about o 6,000 60,000.00 
 
 Syracuse, — reduction, 43 per cent. ; amount saved per annum, . . . 10,850.00 
 Taunton, Mass.,— abolished, 10,423.00 
 
 Total present annual reduction, $409,480.00 
 
 Besides this sum, in Cincinnati and Minneapolis the municipal 
 outdoor relief has diminished one-half, notwithstanding the increase 
 of population. Albany and Portland, Ore., note its decrease. In 
 Detroit its distribution has been turned over to a special commission 
 appointed by the mayor and presumably removed from partisan 
 political control. In Newark it has been restricted to bread and 
 coal tickets during the three winter months, but is continued to 
 widows and the aged the year round. In Lawrence and Maiden, 
 Mass., Newburg, N.Y., Plainfield, N.J., San Francisco, Springfield. 
 Ohio, and Waterbury, Conn., it has been administered with increas- 
 ing discrimination, while from Boston it is reported that the Over- 
 seers of the Poor make more thorough investigation, more rigidly 
 exclude persons able to support themselves and those addicted to 
 drink or vice.
 
 21 
 
 Street Begging. — From the important cities of Albany, Boston, 
 Charleston, S.C, Cleveland, Davenport, Detroit, Newark, N.J., New 
 Haven, Omaha, Philadelphia, Portland, Ore., Rochester, N.Y., San 
 Francisco, Syracuse, and Waterbmy, Conn., information comes that 
 street begging has been perceptibly diminished. In five of these 
 titles it is pronounced suppressed, which means at least the mendi- 
 cants no longer flaunt their rags and deformities before the eyes of 
 citizens or wail their dolorous cant in the public ear. Albany and 
 Davenport send the touching words that child-begging has ceased. 
 New York deals energetically with this imposture, employing two 
 special olificers to deal with this class of cases. An analyzed record 
 is kept of the cases; and in 1892 63.4 per cent, were found to be 
 inmates of cheap lodging-houses and police stations, 20.7 to have 
 homes, and 2.9 could not be traced to any abode. Of these 79 per ' 
 cent, were able-bodied, and 21 per cent, were maimed, sick, or aged. 
 To give to these maimed and aged ones on the streets was cruelty, 
 as it kept them from the more humane and adequate provision of 
 the almshouse. Instructed in all cases to offer the services of the 
 society for the relief of apparent necessity, the officers caused the 
 arrest and imprisonment of 48 per cent., warned 44 per cent, to 
 desist from begging, and the rest were either put beyond the so- 
 ciety's reach by the magistrate or referred to the care of some 
 church or district committee. These are the only records within 
 reach that permit a study and classification of the street-beggar 
 genus, and probably the ratios here given will hold good for the 
 whole class throughout the country. This work in New York, Bos- 
 ton, and Buffalo is impeded by the custom there of granting licenses 
 to maimed and afflicted persons to play musical instruments and to 
 peddle small wares on the street, under which guise much soliciting 
 of alms from passers-by takes place. 
 
 Vagrants. — The homeless and the wanderers furnish a class 
 known in poor-law legislation as vagrants. Whether these be sturdy 
 vagabonds or dislodged unfortunates. Charity Organization aims to 
 end their vagrancy by placing them again in some sort of social 
 relations, either by force of law or by some sifting process which 
 separates the curable from the chronic cases. In the repression of 
 vagrancy three resources have been employed, — the police for the 
 incorrigible and dissolute, labor tests as a means of discriminating 
 those who have abandoned themselves to a predatory career from
 
 22 
 
 those who are willing to use the means afforded for reaching self- 
 support, and lodgings where wayfarers may abide temporarily while 
 in pursuit of employment. Some of th*^ Wayfarers' Lodges employ 
 labor tests, but the favorite form of such tests is the wood-yard. 
 The oldest and most systematic of these combined lodges and tests 
 is in Boston, where the city took up the work in 1879. ^^ ^^ once 
 relieved the police station houses of the "casuals," and spared the 
 unfortunates who were desirous of self-maintenance the humiliation 
 and contamination of police stations. Here, too, the purification of 
 the person and the clothing of the beneficiaries were scrupulously at- 
 tended to, accompanied by the strong re-enforcement of that cleanli- 
 ness which restores one's self-respect. This system has also been 
 carried to a wide extent in Philadelphia ; and here the Charity' Or- 
 ganization Society, at its own expense, performs for the city the work 
 of relieving the station houses and streets from \he casuals. Upon 
 this department the society spent 54 per cent, in 1892 of the income 
 of its Central Treasury (or $14,911.33), and was reimbursed by sales 
 from the wood-yard to the extent of 66 per cent. ($9,984.59), and by 
 an appropriation from the State of 23.4 per cent. ($3,500 a year). 
 This system is regarded there as the most successful and beneficent 
 department of the general work of the society. It comprises two 
 separate agencies, one for dealing with non-residents, of whom half 
 are received from the City Department of Public Safety. Every 
 effort is made to return these casuals to their kindred or the towns 
 where they had domiciles, and facilities for doing this are freely 
 granted by the transportation companies. The labor tests are 
 chiefly connected with the Wayfarers' Lodges, where 15,476 wan- 
 derers found shelter and assistance in 1892. The work of the so- 
 ciety in the rural district of Bryn Mawr is chiefly of this kind. It 
 may be said that the encouragement of labor tests is a prevalent 
 purpose of Charity Organization Societies everywhere, whether con- 
 trolled by them or set up by municipal authority or by other so- 
 cieties. The system, being necessarily compulsory to a large extent, 
 requires the co-operation of the police authorities, which is usually 
 easily obtained, since it releases them from the care of thousands 
 who are charged with no misdemeanor, and who ought not to be 
 taken before a magistrate. It is reported to us that twenty-seven of 
 our societies in dealing with this vagabondage lodged 70.9 per cent, 
 and subjected 26 per cent, to labor tests. This distinction between
 
 23 
 
 lodging and labor tests does not, however, seem trustworthy, since, 
 as a rule, both are practised in combination. 
 
 In addition, 1 1 7 cases of fraudulent schemes, especially those 
 pretending to be organizations for charitable purposes, were de- 
 tected and exposed, and in some cases broken up, in 1892, by 
 far the greater part of this suppression having occurred in New 
 York City. 
 
 Co-operation. — The very name of Charity Organization indicates a 
 paramount purpose to bring about the co-operation of those engaged 
 in ministering to the poor and unfortunate. In so far as this result 
 remains unattained, the practice of Charity Organization falls below its 
 theory and standards. The scheme of registration was devised to 
 compass this end, investigation is meant to facilitate it, the restriction 
 upon Friendly Visitors in the matter of almsgiving is based upon it. 
 Vet co-operation is one of the most difficult of attainments. Various 
 causes obstruct the work of our societies in this direction. In some 
 cities there exists a distinct hostility in the older charitable societies 
 to Charity Organization. They resent the implication that their 
 work may need amending or they are unwilling to submit to any 
 outside judgment. But more common by far is the simple inertia of 
 churches and societies. They do not oppose : they often approve 
 our principles and aims ; but they do not take the trouble to keep 
 records, report cases, or consult the registration bureaus. Co-opera- 
 tion is a thing of slow growth, but each advance made and held is a 
 distinct and decisive triumph of organization ideals. Out of forty 
 societies embraced in this branch of our inquiry, thirty-one claim 
 a co-operation, more or less complete, with municipal agencies of 
 relief. The ratio thereof is the high one of 97 per cent., and it is 
 gratifying to learn that in some important centres it is cordial and 
 unrestrained. The returns of thirty societies show that together 
 they have established a practical co-operation with one-third of the 
 charitable agencies and institutions in their cities. Our inquiries 
 have elicited the unexpected and gratifying fact that in thirty-four 
 cities co-operation has been attained with 44 per cent, of the churches 
 located in them. So variously has the inquiry concerning co-opera- 
 tion with individuals been understood and answered that no useful 
 generalization can be made about it. It was intended to elicit the 
 number of persons immediately engaged in some work of compassion 
 for a family or an individual, who had used the records or investiga-
 
 24 
 
 tions or agencies of Charity Organization in effecting tlieir purpose. 
 The matter is obscure, and must be passed here without further re- 
 mark than that the reports from the larger towns and cities are quite 
 uniformly encouraging. 
 
 Registration. — It is a singular mark of the general and deep im- 
 pression upon the public mind concerning the imposture and worth- 
 lessness of applications for relief that registration and investigation 
 should be regarded as a sort of detective and repressive system. 
 This feature of Charity Organization is to the popular and superficial 
 mind the most obnoxious one of our work. Yet the dread that light 
 thrown upon pauperism would reveal the great extent of its mendac- 
 ity and vicious origin is in truth a most forcible argument against 
 indiscriminate, dissociated, and disorderly almsgiving. It is true 
 that registration and investigation form a sieve that separates, with 
 a practical justice, cases entitled by misfortune to material relief from 
 those who would pervert such aid to the prolongation of self-ruinous 
 habits; but even then it does not remove from humane care those 
 who are technically called "undeserving." It only creates a classi- 
 fication which dictates different modes of treatment. It is essential 
 that the physician should know what ails his patient before he pre- 
 scribes, and not give a splint to the consumptive and cod-liver oil to 
 the man with broken bones. The good Samaritan knew better than 
 to set the robber on his ass, or to give the wounded wayfarer only 
 his pence, or expend his wine and oil on the able-bodied landlord. 
 
 But the detective and repressive effects of registration and investi- 
 gation are but incidental to them under present social conditions. 
 Their true purpose is far greater and grander, and were all imposture 
 and dishonest design to cease in the field of pauperism there would 
 still be need of these two processes. The information accumulated 
 by them not only lays bare the false address, the professional beggar, 
 and the slum-degraded debauchee, but, on the other hand, it main- 
 tains the cause of the upright poor, and supplies their credentials to 
 sympathy and help. It would not abolish overlapping, but adjust 
 it so that the alms from one source may complement the alms from 
 another, and so concert them that they may be timely, appropriate, 
 and adequate. But, above all, it is the key to co-operation. The 
 records of the registration bureau enable the Charity Organizationist 
 to say to all who toil for the relief of penury: "We have that informa- 
 tion which is invaluable to you, if you would do your work wisely
 
 25 
 
 and efficiently. We cannot compel co-operation, but we can serve 
 you, and by service become your auxiliary and friend." 
 
 There are two sides to registration. Societies and individuals may 
 make use of our archives for guidance in administering their own 
 relief, and they may also enlarge our records by reporting the 
 families and persons whom they aid. The first form of co-operation 
 is by far the more common : it is much rarer for churches, societies, 
 and private almsgivers to report to us their own operations. Often 
 this default is not from lack of approval of our aims and work, 
 nor from want of cordial sympathy and intercourse, but simply owing 
 to the need of adopting unwonted methods and the labor required in 
 the systematic exchange of information. Were our bureaus of regis- 
 tration replenished and used as the Charity Organization theory re- 
 quires, the active benevolences of society would fall into alignment, 
 and move as a disciplined army, animated with a common purpose, 
 each company supporting the others, to the conquest of the prob- 
 lems of penury, misery, and degradation. It seems incredible that 
 the nine-tenths of society which is whole and sound cannot in due 
 time concert measures, and unitedly work them out, which would 
 renovate the other tenth. 
 
 Administrators of public official relief recognize that they are the 
 servants of society, and responsible to it for the way in which they 
 perform their work ; and hence they are the most willing to open their 
 records to our societies. In New England, how'ever outside of Bos- 
 ton and Newport, the Overseers of the Poor seem reticent and 
 obstructive. In eleven * large cities it is claimed that the bureaus of 
 registration are working in unrestricted harmony and completeness 
 with poor-law officials. Minneapolis and New Haven estimate that 
 their records cover nine-tenths of the municipal relief cases : in 
 Albany, Buffalo, and Rochester the ratio ranges from one to three-quar- 
 ters ; and in three other cities this form of co-operation is returned 
 as partial or considerable. Registration for other voluntary societies 
 is returned for only twelve cities, and ranges from 25 per cent, 
 of such societies in Lynn, Mass., to go per cent, in New York 
 and New Haven. Doubtless, as in New York, many of these soci- 
 eties register only the cases on which they desire to consult the 
 central records. In Boston 35 per cent, of the cases tak_Mi 
 
 •They are Boston, Burlington, la., Cincinnati, Detroit, Milwaukee, Newark, N.J., Newport, 
 R.I., New York, Salem, Mass., Seattle, Wash., and Syracuse.
 
 up by the Associated Charities are referred thither by other chari- 
 table societies. The average extent of this exchange would appear 
 to be with 59 per cent, of the recognized voluntary charities of 
 twelve cities. Fourteen societies have registered for churches, re- 
 porting from 10 to 80 per cent, of the whole number in their 
 communities to be pledged to the principle, but registering (as in the 
 case of societies) with varying degrees of fidelity, New York taking 
 the lead. Such service for asylums and similar private institutions 
 is naturally restricted, as their beneficiaries are less fluctuating in 
 numbers, and admission to them is of a more formal character. For 
 eight societies the registration service has extended to from five to 
 seventy-five per cent, of the whole number of such institutions, New 
 Haven leading. In some societies registration has been found cum- 
 bersome, and is not systematically undertaken. In others, notably 
 in Boston and New York, it is carried to constantly increasing effi- 
 ciency, both as to fulness and accuracy of statistics and as to 
 promptness in making the service available to others. As might be 
 expected, the New York accumulated records are very large, and em- 
 brace at least 170,000 families or parts of families. Where this work 
 has been well maintained, our societies find it invaluable, as well for 
 their own visitors as for promoting co-operation, and commending 
 their work to other societies and to philanthropic minds. 
 
 In 1886 a plan was proposed in Buffalo of a central registration 
 bureau for all the Charity Organization Societies, which should con- 
 fine itself to recording, travelling, and professional mendicants. It 
 was a scheme for the suppression of " rounders," or professional, 
 genteel, travelling mendicants, but proved to be premature ; for 
 there were not enough registering societies to make it effective. 
 
 Social State. — Another important plan was devised at the same 
 time for the classification of applicants for relief according to their 
 family relations, ages, and nationality. It is mentioned in this con- 
 nection because it involves the methods and details of registration. 
 It went into fairly general operation in 1889, when the blank forms 
 were agreed upon and published by action of this National Confer- 
 ence. (See Appendix H,) It is based on the joint experience of 
 the American societies, and elicited the approval of the first Interna- 
 tional Conference of Charities held in Paris, — a Conference, by the 
 way, which declared the Charity Organization Societies of Great Britain 
 and the United States to be the most wiselv contrived and efiicient
 
 27 
 
 agencies for dealing with the social problems of penury and misfort- 
 une known to it. It is highly gratifying to state that the gathering 
 of materials for this report elicited the fact that thirty-one of our 
 most important (Organization Societies have, with commendable com- 
 pleteness, adhered to the plan, and kept valuable records. A brief 
 summary of the results reached may be given as follows. Of over 
 15,000 cases reported, — 
 
 34-59 ps^ cent, were married couples. 
 
 19.03 " " " widows. 
 
 6.55 " " " deserted wives. 
 
 6.30 " " " single women. 
 
 3.74 " " " widowers or deserted husbands. 
 
 25.84 " " " single men. 
 
 1.09 " " " orphaned or abandoned children. 
 
 Of over 35,000 cases reported, — 
 
 46.52 per cent, were under 20 years of age (four-fifths of these were 
 mere children). 
 9.65 per cent, were between 20 and 40 years. 
 32.42 " " " " 40 and 55 years. 
 
 19.40 " " " " 55 and 70 years. 
 
 Only 1.66 " " " over 70. 
 
 Of 21,700 cases reported, — 
 
 42.21 per cent, were white persons born in the United States. 
 
 8.58 
 
 
 
 
 colored persons born in the United States. 
 
 3-52 
 
 
 
 
 Canadians. 
 
 5.60 
 
 
 
 
 British. 
 
 11.94 
 
 
 
 
 German. 
 
 19-54 
 
 
 
 
 Irish. 
 
 1-53 
 
 
 
 
 Scandinavians. 
 
 1.77 
 
 
 
 
 Poles and Russians. 
 
 The rest were of miscellaneous origin in very small ratios. Of over 
 6,600 cases, — 
 
 75.77 per cent, could both read and write. 
 5.84 " " " read, but not write. 
 
 18.59 " " " neither read nor write. 
 
 If it were in the province of this report to forsake the ground of 
 simple retrospection and history, it would be interesting to comment 
 on these social conditions; but the studious philanthropist will hud
 
 28 
 
 in the tables accompanying the report material for his own instruc- 
 tive generalizations. Yet a word may be said here to enforce the 
 value of keeping uniform records, so that ample and trustworthy 
 statistics may be had. Charity Organization is far from claiming 
 that the problems of pauperism have been solved. It only promises 
 that they shall be studied, so that the causes and sources of misery 
 may be discovered and appropriate methods for dealing with its 
 manifold forms adopted. Our societies are the only agencies in the 
 United States through which authentic statistics can be gathered, 
 not only covering a census of relief-seekers, but eliciting the causes 
 of pauperism and exhibiting the results of various methods of deal- 
 ing with it. This sort of information, if carefully collected and 
 collated, will soon become a treasury of details to which the sociolo- 
 gist will confidently resort, and on which legislators, reformers, and 
 workers among the poor have already begun to base their courses of 
 conduct. The function is one of wide public importance, and is well 
 worth performing. 
 
 Sanitary Work. — Improvement of the hygienic conditions of 
 humble life comes to Charity Organization Societies only as an inci- 
 dent of dealing with special, and these generally desperate, cases of 
 bad domiciles. It is a matter ultimately controlled by legislation, 
 and this depends on the diffusion of information as to the necessity 
 for and the modes of doing it. The subject will be returned to later 
 on ; but our societies in the larger cities have given it much pains- 
 taking consideration, and seldom lose it from sight. The methods 
 used by them are appeals to landlords and to boards of health in 
 particular cases, the removal of their beneficiaries from unwholesome 
 quarters, the promotion of open-air excursions for women and chil- 
 dren, and the obtaining of countrv homes for those who will remove 
 to them. (See Appendix G.) 
 
 Classified Disposition of Cases. (See Appendix I.) — From the 
 beginning Charity Organization Societies in the United States have 
 followed a plan of recording the disposition made of applicants 
 whose cases came under their charge, which conformed in a general 
 way to that of the great parent society in London. Modifications of 
 it necessarily have taken place to suit the conditions o'f each locality, 
 and it is probable that in minor phases of the work no two societies 
 are alike. i)ut the general outlines are preserved, and to the tabula- 
 tion of such statistics a larger number of societies have contributed
 
 29 
 
 than to any other department of this report. There are forty-four of 
 them whose reports have been received, and these embrace the treat- 
 ment given to the huge number of nearly 75,000 cases. With the 
 exception of a few cities, this number embraces only new and not 
 recurrent applications, and hence represents the fresh expansion of 
 the work in the year 1892. Of this total, 4.76 per cent, were ad- 
 judged to require continuous relief because of orphanage, age, or 
 chronic disability; 24.84 per cent, needed the temporary aid which 
 combats an emergency, as of sickness or injury or the cessation of 
 wages; employment would have released 16.05 P^^ cent, from the 
 necessity of asking any alms, were they disposed to labor honestly 
 to get their own living; 3.39 per cent, had means of their own or 
 relatives able to provide for them; 10.33 P^^" cent, were of such 
 profligate habits that any merchandisable relief would have pro- 
 longed their dissolute self-indulgence; 1.58 per cent, were placed in 
 institutions; 7.72 per cent, were put in charge of religious organiza- 
 tions or of voluntary charitable societies; for only 0.76 per cent. 
 was the interference of the police authorities invoked ; for but 0.89 
 per cent, was recourse had to municipal relief officers, to supplement 
 the care of private charity; for 11. 13 per cent, churches, syna- 
 gogues, and humane societies wrought in co-operation with our soci- 
 eties; for 6.6 percent, individual citizens supplied all or a part of 
 the aid required ; 0.8 per cent, were enabled by loans to establish 
 themselves in some form of industry; for 18,04 per cent, was em- 
 ployment obtained; 0.65 per cent, were removed to new situations 
 or the care of kindred. The efforts of sixteen societies are esti- 
 mated to have brought to self-maintenance 1,524 cases, or 2.04 per 
 cent. ; but this item is far below the facts, inasmuch as many of the 
 larger societies have, for various reasons, discontinued computing 
 and recordmg these recoveries to independence. Owing to the 
 different methods of keeping their records, and of making the re- 
 turns compiled in the reports of the various societies, exact deduc- 
 tions cannot be made, and the same cases must appear in two or 
 more classes. In some returns only new applicants are recorded. 
 In others, as in Brooklyn and Philadelphia, recurrent cases are in- 
 cluded. But recurrent cases also form part of the year's work. It 
 is probable, therefore, that a tide of over 100,000 families and indi- 
 viduals flowed through the conduits of the Charity Organization 
 Societies. If they are grouped in large generalizations, those who
 
 3° 
 
 need employment being placed, as for the most part shirkers of 
 labor, with the vicious and those having resources sufficient to make 
 beggary unjustifiable, and those receiving loans counted with those 
 assisted to labor, it may be affirmed as approximately true that 
 three-tenths of this vast array of alms-seekers really need material 
 succor, and an equal number do not need it at all; of the charge of 
 one-tenth our societies have been wholly relieved by placing them in 
 other care, which has been freely and cordially supplied ; for nearly 
 one-fifth the co-operation of other societies and of individuals and 
 municipal officers has been obtained; and for one-fifth relief by em- 
 ployment was found adequate. It is probable that these ratios 
 fairly represent the experience thus far of those engaged in Charity 
 Organization work and methods. 
 
 Provident Schemes. (See Appendix H. ) — Graduation from de- 
 pendence to self-maintenance is an expression which, if it did not 
 origirtate among the Charity Organizationists of Boston, is at least 
 familiar to all engaged in this work throughout the United States. 
 It describes the aim of the reforms of relief systems, and the degree 
 of achievement in it is the supreme test of our principles. If there 
 is to be no elevation of our wards into self-support, then .Charity Or- 
 ganization Societies only add to the alms-doling of which the conse- 
 quences have been so pernicious to society. Whatever may edu- 
 cate the downcast to the standards, habits, and sentiments essential 
 to self-maintenance, and free them from the need of the intervention 
 of others, commands the hearty advocacy and re-enforcement of our 
 societies. Far beyond the provident schemes which they control 
 has been the influence they have exerted in inducing others to pro- 
 mote and support enterprises for the propagation of thrift, frugality, 
 skill in the common affairs of life, and an honorable self-respect. 
 Thus in cities where Charity Organization Societies have been 
 planted and acquired their characteristic influence there has been a 
 very conspicuous contemporaneous growth in the number and vari- 
 ety of provident enterprises. And our societies claim that this is 
 not a mere chance, but the direct result of their teachings, and 2:en- 
 erally the result of the personal labors of their own members. For 
 example, the kindergarten system of the public schools of Philadel- 
 phia began with an association formed among the ladies of the Char- 
 ity Organization Society, and they ceased not to labor until their 
 work was taken up by the Board of Education during the superin-
 
 31 
 
 tendency of Dr. McAllister ; and the present grand development of 
 industrial education and manual training in that city was inaug- 
 urated and nursed by the same society. The Associated Charities 
 of Boston directly controls few provident schemes; but persons ac- 
 tive in the direction of that association have promoted co-operative 
 savings-banks and building associations and seen the day nurseries 
 double in ten years, kindergartens become a part of the public school 
 system, and industrial schools double. In Brooklyn the founder of 
 the Pratt Institute was an earlier counsellor and advocate of the 
 Bureau of Charities. In New York day nurseries have multiplied 
 eightfold, kindergartens nearly as rapidly, boys' clubs, working-girls' 
 associations, and manual training schools have been opened, and 
 savings funds have been started. Remarkable expansion of like 
 agencies is reported from Cincinnati, Detroit, and other important 
 cities. Buffalo took the lead in establishing creches, or nurseries 
 where mothers could leave their infants to be cared for whil0 they 
 went to their day's work ; and now there are twenty-two cities in 
 which one hundred and five such institutions have been established 
 at the instigation or under the control of Organization Societies. 
 As many cities maintain over one hundred and forty-eight kinder- 
 gartens. Laundries, work-rooms, cooking, sewing, and other indus- 
 trial schools have in like manner been called into existence. 
 
 Sa'i'ings Funds. — In seventeen cities Charity Organization Societies 
 control penny savings funds. These are of four sorts : simple Provi- 
 dent Societies, taking small deposits at the counter ; Stamp Banks, 
 where deposit stamps are sold at stations in different parts of the 
 city, — Boston having one hundred and twenty-three, and New York 
 two hundred and six stations ; and Funds to receive small deposits 
 gathered by visitors, who call at houses for them, as in Newport, 
 R.I., and Castleton, S.I., — an ingenious system, which combines 
 with great effectiveness the work of the Friendly Visitor with the en- 
 couragement of savings ; and Fuel Funds, by means of which the de- 
 posits of the summer secure deliveries of wood and coal in the winter 
 at cost price. Eighteen such provident fund organizations were 
 known to exist in 1892 under the auspices of our societies, gathering 
 in the savings of 33,826 depositors. The habits of self-restraint and 
 thrift thus inculcated among the very poor are invaluable, and among 
 the best of defences against the spread of pauperism among the de- 
 positors. (See Appendix H.)
 
 32 
 
 Distribution by States. — Of the Charity Organization Societies, 
 and those in correspondence with them with adjustments to their 
 principles, existing in 1892, there are sixteen in the State of New 
 York, fourteen in Massachusetts, eight in New Jersey, five in Ohio, 
 four in Connecticut, three each in Maine, Rhode Island, Pennsyl- 
 vania, Colorado, Indiana, Wisconsin, California, two each in Iowa, 
 Michigan, Illinois, Kentucky, Nebraska, Minnesota, Missouri, and 
 one each in South Carolina, Tennessee, Louisiana, Oregon, Delaware, 
 and Washington State. In other words, the movement has estab- 
 lished itself in twenty-nine cities of the Middle Atlantic States 
 north of the Potomac, in twenty-four cities of New Eng- 
 land, in eleven cities of States north of the Ohio, in eleven 
 cities between the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains, in 
 seven cities in the old South, and in five cities of the Pacific 
 States. There are eighteen States in which it has not penetrated. 
 It ha^had its most rapid extension in the cities of the North At- 
 lantic seaboard and of the Pacific Coast. In agricultural States 
 the development has been slow : for evident reasons its expansion 
 has an afifinity with commerce. Also, it may be observed that the 
 movement has thus far had but little development in towns predomi- 
 nantly manufacturing or interested in mining, and hence the inter- 
 esting question arises as to how far trades-unions, labor federations, 
 and the mutual benefit societies, so common and so influential among 
 artisans and mechanics, render the services of Charity Organization 
 superfluous. 
 
 Special Lines of Development. Attitude toward Relief. As 
 
 each community has its distinctive characteristics, so each Charity 
 Organization Society inevitably adjusts itself to them, and diversities 
 of practice and development spring up. These variations are desir- 
 able as enlarging the number of experiments tried and as throwing 
 side-lights upon special problems. In one particular there is a grow- 
 ing unison of judgment. In the returns of the sixty societies contribut- 
 ing to this report there is no advocacy or defence of relief-giving from 
 their own treasuries. On the contrary, those societies which practise 
 it either deprecate or excuse it. In some instances, it is justified 
 as a necessity growing out of the lack of other charitable agencies ; 
 in others, as a means of forcing on a retrenchment of municipal out- 
 relief, especially where overseers of the poor refuse information and 
 co-operation ; \\\ still others, it is explained as grounded in the fact
 
 33 
 
 that the community does not understand or kindly receive our princi- 
 ples, and will not sustain a society that is purely administrative. 
 Again, it is apologized for ao the effectual means of bringing all the 
 benevolent work of a community into one system and control. In 
 several cities the societies affirm that they are receding from the 
 distribution of alms, and desire to abandon it. All this testimony is 
 a distinct indication of the advance of our principles, and of an in- 
 telligent perception of the function of Charity Organization. The 
 matter is of prime importance, for upon this rock of almsgiving many 
 a society has been wrecked. It was nine years from the formation 
 of the London Society to the foundation of the first Charity 
 Organization Society in this country. Its literature and arguments 
 were republished here, nor was a knowledge of Chalmers's work in 
 (Glasgow and of the reform movements in Hamburg, Leipzig and 
 Klberfeld unknown. Associations for Improving the Condition of 
 the Poor were formed under this and other names in several Ameri- 
 can cities, and they avowed principles which Charity Organization 
 could only reiterate ; but they lapsed into mere dispensers of physi- 
 cal aid. In the history of the movement derived from London there 
 are wrecks along the way. Some of our societies have withdrawn 
 from the field, and others have degenerated from like causes. There 
 is in benevolent work a constant tendency to degenerate into mere 
 almsgiving, — a fact easily explained, for relief of this sort is easily 
 accomplished, the statistics of results are more imposing, and the 
 value of moral, educational, and personal forces in mitigating social 
 evils the public mind has not learned to estimate aright. • 
 
 The existence in a city of an association professedly devoted to 
 the welfare of the poor, but which expressly announces that it 
 gathers no funds for supplying material relief, is a phenomenon cer- 
 tain to attract attention. Men will ask: "What does it do? What 
 are the reasons of its being ? " In this way it begins to exert an 
 influence on the administration of other funds and other societies 
 and upon individuals. From dispassionate and careful observers it 
 is learned that in many cities official outdoor relief, where not abol- 
 ished, has become more discriminating, that the management of 
 voluntary charities has become more circumspect and elevating, and 
 that personal almsgiving has been accompanied with a clearer sense 
 of responsibility. In two conspicuous instances- — Lawrence, Mass., 
 and Cleveland, Ohio, — there was a fairly complete readjustment on
 
 34 
 
 the part of the leading general relief societies of each city to Charity 
 Organization principles. 
 
 Adaptations. — In adapting themselves to the conditions existing 
 in different communities, our societies have found a law of develop- 
 ment which gives to each especial characteristics. Thus the co-opera- 
 tion of the police in Buffalo was the beginning there of the registra- 
 tion system, and gave the society a close relation to municipal relief; 
 while the munificent Fitch trusts gave a vigorous impulse to the 
 elaboration of provident and hospital schemes. Bridgeport, Conn., 
 has directed its efforts especially toward women and children, pro- 
 viding instruction in sewing, kitchen-garden work, day nurseries, and 
 a labor bureau. Lynn engages in all-around work, its one woman 
 registrar doing the duty of a society for the prevention of cruelty to 
 children and of a children's aid society. Boston, besides its own con- 
 ferences on treatment of cases, has maintained a conference of repre- 
 sentative delegates from the charitable societies and institutions of the 
 city, where problems of general humane interest are discussed and 
 modes of alleviating various forms of suffering are formulated. Phil- 
 adelphia, after experimenting with many educational, labor, and 
 provident schemes, made dealing with the homeless and wayfaring 
 the characteristic work of its central office, in which Bryn Mawr, 
 a place exposed to the tramp nuisance, followed. Indianapolis 
 established a Loan Association, a Friendly Inn, and a Board of Chil- 
 dren's Guardians which commanded especial interest. Salem, Mass., 
 found gratification in supplying baby-carriages to poor families. 
 Several of our principal societies emphasize registration and investi- 
 gation, and have brought their bureaus to a highly orderly system and 
 a prompt effectiveness. One large society (Philadelphia) claims that 
 relief has become much more prompt of application, — a claim in 
 direct contravention to the popular belief that investigation retards 
 assistance. The favorite and more general relief expedient is found 
 in employment offices and labor tests, and the most widely and 
 deeply felt hindrance to effective work is reported to be the insuffi- 
 ciency of trained and persistent Friendly Visitors. 
 
 Friendly Visiting. — An ideal which most of the strongly organized 
 societies have sought to attain, with varying degrees of success, has 
 been that of inducing men and women having strength of character 
 to go to the homes of the needy, each taking the chief responsibility 
 for the proper development, material and moral, of a few families.
 
 JD 
 
 The societies in Boston, Brooklyn, Baltimore, and Cincinnati, have 
 been most successful in carrying out this plan, and commend its use- 
 fulness with enthusiasm. Other societies, however, report that their 
 etfort to find visitors of sufficient judgment and experience to under- 
 take the delicate and responsible work of properly helping a family 
 has had meagre results. 
 
 Causes for this lack of success may be found, first, in the great 
 burden entailed by proper registration and by examination of con- 
 ditions in our largest cities, which leave comparatively little free 
 energy for securing and training visitors. A second cause is found 
 in the great pressure of life upon well-to-do people in large cities, 
 leaving little time for personal service in the distant homes of the 
 poor. A third lies in the comparative ignorance on the part of cul- 
 tivated people of "how the other half lives." This ignorance, of 
 course, disqualifies. Not until the churches awake with enthusiasm 
 to caring for our less fortunate neighbors in the wise and helpful 
 good Samaritan spirit will there be sufficient attention brought to 
 bear upon the mass of poverty to have appreciable effect. The 
 forces at command are too limited. It may be said, however, that 
 where the Charity Organization Society has taken hold of the work 
 of friendly visiting in earnest, as in Boston, the experience of the 
 visitors has had its effect in developing higher standards of duty in 
 church life. 
 
 Emergencies. — A peculiar and severe test of Charity Organizatioa 
 Societies has come in the demands made by special emergencies.. 
 The Chicago Relief and Aid Society reached a position of command- 
 ing influence, and was led to the adoption of many of these prin- 
 ciples by acting as the distributor of the large funds contributed for 
 the aid of sufferers by the great fire of 1872. All agencies familiar 
 with the poor and with relief came into immediate co-operation. Un- 
 der this system the work was rapidly carried on, and the Relief and 
 Aid Society established relations so friendly and intimate with other 
 charitable organizations that it has been able ever since to maintain 
 a commanding position in the confidence of the people of that city. 
 
 Boston was moved to the steps which resulted in her Associated 
 Charities by the suffering consequent upon its great fire of 1872, and 
 on the commercial crisis which began in 1873 and brooded over the 
 land for two or three years. The Maiden (Mass.) society was formed 
 to alleviate the distress caused by a great fire in 1875.
 
 36 
 
 When the disastrous flood of February, 1884, prevailed at Cincin- 
 nati, by which five hundred and four families were driven from their 
 homes and otherwise involved in such distress as compelled them to 
 appeal for help, recourse was had at once to the services of the As- 
 sociated Charities. The official report states that that society " en- 
 tered most heartily into the work, and through their thoroughly 
 organized district societies distributed large quantities of supplies 
 throughout the flooded sections of the city with great discretion and 
 without waste." The authorities publicly acknowledged the debt of 
 gratitude owing to the members of the Associated Charities " who so 
 zealously devoted their time and thoughtful labor to the assistance 
 of the committee in its charitable work." The labor undertaken by 
 the Associated Charities may be estimated from the fact that $194,- 
 400 was contributed to relieve the misery caused by the flood, of 
 which $91,400 was locally distributed; and upon that society de- 
 pended largely the discreet distribution of relief, and the protection 
 of the funds from the assaults of imposture. 
 
 At the time of the terrible Johnstown flood the District of Colum- 
 bia Committee to gather aid for the sufferers sent the secretary of 
 the Associated Charities of Washington thither as their agent. His 
 experience was of immediate value in not only bringing the relief 
 work into order, but in providing methods by which sturdy and clam- 
 orous petitioners for help were repressed, women, aged and feeble 
 persons obtained due and equal consideration, and the early miscar- 
 riages of relief were effectively corrected. The agent found occasion 
 to lament that Johnstown did not afford that information concerning 
 its poor inhabitants and that supply of competent workers which 
 Charity Organization acquires where it has been established. 
 
 In 1889 a disastrous fire swept over an area of twenty-five acres 
 in I.ynn, rendering one hundred and seventy-five families homeless, 
 and putting seven thousand persons out of employment. The in- 
 formation accumulated by the Associated Charities, covering many 
 families, was instantly available. The skill of its visitors, agents, 
 and managers, came into immediate requisition for the preparation 
 of record blanks and the systematizing of the distribution of food, 
 clothing, and shelter. A delegation of experienced visitors came 
 from the society in Boston, and during the six days in which a more 
 general relief committee was taking form and acquiring funds and 
 stores the Associated Charities was giving order and shaping meth-
 
 37 
 
 ods which alleviated immediate distress and facilitated subsequent 
 operations. Then the registration, personal knowledge, and expe- 
 rience due to Charity Organization proved to l)e invaluable foi 
 promptness and efficacy. 
 
 The tornado of Louisville in May, 1890, by which seventy-six lives 
 were lost and two hundred persons were injured, created great suf- 
 fering. The ?)Oard of Trade Relief Committee expended $156,000 
 in alleviating it, and employed the visitors and agents of the Charity 
 Organization Society as its investigators and almoners. Their 
 knowledge and expertness were indispensable. When in the same 
 year Lawrence (Mass.) was swept by a cyclone by which eight 
 persons were killed, twenty-one severely injured, and many buildings 
 were damaged or destro3'ed, the city authorities called upon our 
 local society to plan, organize and administer the needed relief. In 
 the Park Place disaster in Xew \'ork, May, 1891, when sixty- 
 three persons were killed or injured, those in charge of the 
 Mayor's Relief Fund mvoked the aid of the Charity Organization 
 Society, and within a week the particulars of each case were col- 
 lected, and recommendations made which were followed in the dis- 
 tribution of the fund contributed for the sufferers. By the same 
 means the $7,000 collected by the New York Herald for the same 
 disaster were disbursed. Acknowledgment was made by the 
 Mayor's Committee in these terms : •' We realize that only experi- 
 enced and skilful agents could make so satisfactory reports within 
 so short a time, and congratulate the city that it has a society 
 which can render such efficient aid in times of sudden emergency." 
 This capacity to act in emergencies cannot seem strange to those 
 who consider the readiness for prompt work secured by a registra- 
 tion bureau, by a large staff of trained agents and visitors familiar 
 with the aspects of want, and by a co-operative scheme which em- 
 braces the whole field of benevolent work among the destitute. 
 
 Indirect Effects of Charity Organization. — It is to be ob- 
 served that from its first appearance in America Charity Organiza- 
 tion has surveyed the field in which it established itself, to discover 
 what was lacking there and to devise better methods for improving 
 the condition of the poor. Not solicitous of aggrandizement, it has 
 been content to stimulate the creation of new educational and prov- 
 ident measures under independent control, and to which its admin- 
 istration might be supplementary. Consequently, many agencies
 
 38 
 
 have sprung into existence at its instigation, the work of which can- 
 not be recorded as part of its annals. The influence of Charity 
 Organization on municipal rehef, on the inception and management 
 of other charities, and on pubUc sentiment, has been aheady suffi- 
 ciently indicated. It should, however, be added that in Philadel- 
 phia the Children's Aid Society had its initial impulse among the 
 active workers of the Charity Organization Society. In Indianapolis 
 the society crushed out the Vincennes Lottery and waged war with 
 the wine-rooms. The Denver society procured the creation of a 
 State Board of Charities. 
 
 Legislation. — Not the least of the labors undertaken in this move- 
 ment are the efforts to amend legislation. In Massachusetts the 
 reparation of the pauper from the criminal class in public institu- 
 tions has been accompUshed. There and in New York strenuous 
 efforts have proceeded from our societies to restrict the sale of 
 alcoholic liquors ; the poor-relief laws have been amended. In the 
 same States the statutes have defined tenement-houses so as to 
 bring a larger number under official inspection, new requirements 
 have been imposed by sanitary laws, and in Boston an alliance has 
 been made with the Technological Institute to examine and secure 
 complaints and reports on the violation of sanitary principles. In 
 New York a law has been secured authorizing the city to open mu- 
 nicipal lodging-houses, to relieve the station houses of wayfarers and 
 secure their cleanliness, but the provisions of the statute are still 
 held in abeyance. Another was enacted providing for small parks 
 and open spaces for play-grounds by the demolition of some of the 
 worst squares of tenements in the overcrowded sections of the city; 
 and immigration has been made a subject of careful investigation, 
 and recommendations prepared for submission to Congress. When 
 the fear of the spread of cholera in the summer of 1892 created the 
 necessity for rigorous sanitary precautions in this country, the Char- 
 ity Organization Society of Buffalo, through its Committee on Sani- 
 tary Condition of the Homes of the Poor, offered the services of its 
 agents to the Health Commissioner as Sanitary Inspectors of tene- 
 ment-houses. He gladly accepted these services. These agents 
 made a thorough inspection of some five hundred tenements in the 
 city of Buffalo, and obtained and collated a large amount not onl}- 
 of sanitary, but of sociological information as well. The result 
 proved, to the satisfaction of the Committee on the Sanitary Con-
 
 39 
 
 dition of the Homes of the Poor, that gross abuses existed in the 
 tenements of the city, which were due, on the one hand, to the lax 
 building-laws of the city and the absence of rigorous regulations to 
 govern the owners of tenement-houses, and, on the other hand, to 
 the tenants themselves. As a result, the committee began an agi- 
 tation for the adoption of a complete set of ordinances governing 
 the construction and management of tenement-houses. Into this 
 movement it drew the Ikiffalo Guilders' Exchange and the IJuffalo 
 Chapter of the American Society of Architects. A number of meet- 
 ings were held jointly of the Health Commissioner, the Commis- 
 sioner of Ikiildings, a medical and legal member of the Committee 
 on Sanitary Condition of the Homes of the Poor, a representative of 
 the Builders' Exchange, and a representative of the Society of 
 Architects, which resulted in the presentation to the Common Coun- 
 cil of the city, by the Health Commissioner, of probably one of the 
 most complete codes of ordinances governing the subject that has 
 ever been framed. A great deal of pressure, stimulated by the com- 
 mittee and exerted on the Common Council, finally secured the 
 adoption of these ordinances. In several societies there is a depart- 
 ment of legal advice, in which professional service is rendered gra- 
 tuitously to prevent injustice or secure the poor in their rights. 
 
 Education. — It is gratifying to note that since Charity Organiza- 
 tion Societies began to be formed for the study of social problems, 
 and to accumulate information and statistics concerning them, sem- 
 inaries or departments for the investigation of like sociological ques- 
 tions have been established at Harvard, Yale, Johns Hopkins, Cor- 
 nell, Pennsylvania, Vanderbilt, Leland Stanford, and Chicago 
 Universities, at the State Universities of Ohio, Michigan, and Ne- 
 braska, at Amherst and Bryn Mawr Colleges, and in connection 
 with some of these institutions occasional or serial papers are pub- 
 lished from time to time. This subject was brought up at the 
 Omaha Conference of Charities and Correction in 1887, and the in- 
 troduction of the study of Charity Organization mto high schools, 
 colleges, and universities recommended. Representatives of our 
 societies have been called upon to lecture on these themes in several 
 colleges and theological seminaries, especially in the prominent ones 
 in or within easy reach of the leading cities, and also before audi- 
 ences assembled in churches. 
 
 Literature. — A list of papers, essays, and books issued by the
 
 40 
 
 Charity Organization Societies of America, and distributed by them, 
 is appended to this report. (See Appendix L.) The literature con- 
 cerning the social problems of poverty is very large, and could not be 
 enumerated here if it were pertinent to a report so specialized in the 
 history of a single movement as this. Attention should be called 
 here to the Monthly Register, which began with the first year of the 
 Philadelphia Society, and has been continued ever since in that city. 
 It has been accepted as a sort of representative organ by many sister 
 societies, and is the oldest periodical controlled by a Charity Organi- 
 zation Society in the United States. Lend a Hand is a monthly 
 edited by Rev. Dr. E. E. Hale, published in Boston and devoted to 
 philanthropic work. The Charities Review was begun in November, 
 1 89 1, by the New York society, and aims at a thorough and scien- 
 tific treatment of charitable principles, methods, and administration. 
 Cincinnati produces the Children's Home Monthly. 
 
 This report has abstained from reflections and recommendations 
 almost wholly. Its scope was restricted in the original instructions 
 of this Conference to the History of Charity Organization in the 
 United States. Already it has grown voluminous, but it is simply 
 retrospective. Had it been possible to obtain returns from all the 
 Charity Organization Societies of the country as ample and pains- 
 taking as those from Boston, the results would have a greatly in- 
 creased value. Such material as could be obtained has been collated 
 here, and perhaps the student of philanthropy will find in its text 
 and tables matter not unworthy of reflection. It may yet, with 
 all its imperfections, prove to be the basis of future comparative 
 study. The results which it is enabled to present, and which are 
 below rather than above the actual facts, show that Charity Organi- 
 zation has taken firm root in America, that its expansion has been 
 very rapid, that it is purifying itself and rising to higher standards, 
 that its educational force is potent, and that it is a harbinger of the 
 day when the charities of men shall add to the benefactions of the 
 purse those of their brains, their hearts, and their faith. 
 
 Necrology. 
 
 Only the sad task remains of inscribing on these pages the names 
 of those who once wrought with us, imparted to us their hope, their 
 tenderness, and their wisdom, and who have gone to repose on that
 
 41 
 
 cxhaustless divine charity which their loving spirits bravely tried, 
 as the power was given them, to emulate. Some few of the many 
 whose memory and example remain as benedictions to their associ- 
 ates must have a tribute here to meet the demands of our hearts. 
 They were our pioneers and well known in our councils. An 
 appended paper supplies the names of those reported to your com- 
 mittee at this time. (See Appendix M.) It is much regretted that 
 the list is so imperfect. 
 
 Hodge. — With happy sagacity the Philadelphia Society called H. 
 Lenox Hodge, M.D., to be its first president. Of honored lineage, 
 of high professional eminence, of winning sweetness of disposition, 
 he uttered judgments so wise and conciliatory that the divergent 
 opinions of his associates melted into unison before them. His great 
 influence was a tower of strength to the nascent society, and his name 
 entrenched it in public confidence. He embodied that "sweetness 
 and light" which Matthew Arnold thought to give the soul its 
 noblest excellence. He died in the strength of his manhood and 
 while president of the society. 
 
 McCitlloch. — Rev. Oscar C. McCuUoch was a magician of phi- 
 lanthropy. His was a scholar's diligence and enthusiasm in the 
 study of the alleviation of human misery. No man was more dex- 
 terous in detecting the dictates of true charity and following them 
 through the complexities and discords of social benevolence, for in 
 his heart was the divine instinct which "beareth all things, believeth 
 all things, hopeth all things." The Charity Organization Society of 
 Indianapolis, founded under his leadership, is his monument ; and 
 to future generations may it long transmit his honored fame. 
 
 Vandcrpoel: — During the first three years of its history the Charity 
 Organization Society of New York enjoyed the leadership of Dr. 
 S. O. Vanderpoel, when failing health compelled him to relinquish 
 his presidency, and soon after (March 12, 1886) he died. His 
 mature judgment, varied experience, conscientious diligence, and 
 unvarying courtesy were invaluable to the society. 
 
 Johnston. — In September of the year 1886 Colles Johnston died, 
 an earnest and faithful worker upon a district committee, and much 
 in direct contact with the poor. Mr. Johnston brought to the service 
 of the society an unusual degree of intelligent devotion, of wise dis- 
 crimination, of fidelity to his assumed duties, and of strength and 
 sweetness of character.
 
 42 
 
 Minturn. — Robert B. Minturn, vice-president of the New York 
 society and one of its original promoters, followed his colleague to 
 the grave in i8gi. His character secured public confidence, his 
 counsels strengthened the society, his purse generously contributed 
 to its support. 
 
 DuBois. — Mrs. Cornelius DuBois, one of the leading philan- 
 thropic spirits of this generation, died in 1888, a strenuous friend 
 and upholder of the New York society in her official relations with 
 other local institutions. 
 
 Tuckerman. — Lucius Tuckerman was an original active member 
 of the council, of great wisdom and experience, and during his life 
 a liberal supporter of the Society. He died in 1890. 
 
 Gibbons. — The New York society endured bereavement last year 
 in the death of Mrs. Abby Hopper Gibbons. She was the daughter 
 of Isaac T. Hopper, renowned in his day for his anti-slavery activity. 
 Reaching the unusual age of ninety-two, her last venerable years were 
 employed in leading the societies she still actively managed and 
 counselled into co-operation in Charity Organization. Weight of 
 years served to ripen her undaunted energy and far-seeing wisdom. 
 
 Preston. — Vicar-General Thomas S. Preston, who died last year, 
 was an earnest and useful friend of the society in New York, 
 and an efficient intermediary in all negotiations with the authorities 
 and agencies of the Roman Catholic Church. 
 
 Brooks. — " By the death of Phillips PJrooks the Associated Char- 
 ities of Boston lost one of its most beloved and inspiring friends. 
 He was on the first committee appointed to report a plan of organi- 
 zation and co-operation, and on the provisional council until the 
 society was organized." It is recorded that "his eloquence and his 
 great influence have been repeatedly exerted in the society's behalf. 
 His ability and still more his personal character were such that 
 whatever he touched gained from him beauty and dignity. His 
 eloquent words at the various public meetings of the society set 
 forth the scope of its work and the spirit that should pervade it 
 in a way that exalted and ennobled it for all who heard him." 
 
 The Boston society also laments the loss of Mrs. James Lodge 
 and Miss Mary Anne Wales, and a co-worker thus records the sense 
 of bereavement : — 
 
 Wales. — " Miss Wales was distinguished by her untiring devotion 
 to her work long after disease had laid its hand upon her. Her
 
 43 
 
 chief happiness and the occupation of her life was in spending her 
 money and herself in deeds of benevolence." 
 
 Lodge. — " Mrs. Lodge's gayety of heart, the pleasure she took in 
 doing kindnesses, made her a constant source of cheerfulness and 
 encouragement to her fellow-workers. To her and to Mrs. James T. 
 Fields the society owes the first experiment in organized friendly 
 visiting, which was the beginning of its success." 
 
 J'ratt. — ("harles Pratt, whose desire to elevate the depressed by 
 bringing to them skill and discipline in industrial arts led him to 
 found the munificent Pratt Institute of Brooklyn, was one of the 
 founders and liberal upholders of the Bureau of Charities in that 
 city. 
 
 Biizellc. — Of George B. Buzelle, the general secretary of the 
 Brooklyn society from its inception until his death, it was declared, 
 as his body was laid to rest: " He was one of God's noblemen. He 
 had caught the spirit of his Master's words: 'Whosoever will be 
 great among you shall be your minister. Whosoever of you shall, be 
 chiefest shall be servant of all.' He was not a* hireling, he was not 
 an official, — he was a man and a brother. No one could have 
 known Mr. Buzelle without being impressed with his faithfulness. 
 Nothing could stand between him and his duty." The chairman of 
 this committee as his nearest neighbor in like responsibility, and 
 all who have known him in these Conferences, and especially in the 
 painstaking and eminently successful labors of this chairmanship 
 a year ago, will testify that these words cover no exaggerations. 
 
 Osborn. — The first person to contribute to the Organized Char- 
 ities Association of New Haven, Mrs. Walter Osborn, continued its 
 generous friend until her death last year. She was a conspicuous 
 supporter of all enterprises of the university city designed to make 
 the lives of the lowly and indigent ampler and better. 
 
 Diinlap. — Mrs. Harriet A. Dunlap. was one of the most devoted, 
 intelligent, and efiicient women of Syracuse, and was president of 
 several of its largest and oldest charitable institutions. A faithful 
 friend, worker, and officer of the Bureau of Labor and Charities. 
 She died in 1884. 
 
 Minor. — In the same city Rev. Ovid Minor, a Congregational 
 minister, died in 1891. He was especially devoted to the care and 
 rescue of children from neglect and exposure. A warm philanthro- 
 pist, he was an indefatigable worker for the improvement of so- 
 ciety.
 
 44 
 
 Judsoii. — The Syracuse Bureau of Labor and Charities also re- 
 calls the cordial friendship and diligence of Mrs. Sarah Judson, a 
 gentlewoman of invincible energy and of extraordinary discrimina- 
 tion and skill in the treatment of the class of cases that come before 
 the Charity Organization workers. She rested from her labors Dec. 
 24, 1891. 
 
 Jacobs. — Denver mourns the loss in 1892 of Mrs. Frances Jacobs, 
 who so won the confidence and esteem of that entire community 
 that at her obsequies the city stood still while Christians, Catholic, 
 and Protestant alike vied with her fellow-Hebrews in loving honors 
 to her memory ; and a hospital that bears her name was established 
 by popular contributions, as her monument. 
 
 It would be a grateful task to linger over these tributes to the 
 memories of departed colleagues who live still in our esteem, but 
 time forbids. These were, among many others we would name did 
 space permit, by priority of labors or by eminence of influence, men 
 and women of so wide note that their names could not be passed 
 in silence. Others have wrought with no less consecration of heart, 
 no less generosity of thought and hand. Gratitude for the inspira- 
 tion of their example, for the quickening touch of their noble person- 
 ality, follows them beyond the tomb. We love to think of these 
 souls, so radiant here with pure charity, having done their humane 
 work to the least of these His brethren, as having entered into the 
 joy of their Lord. 
 
 Charles D. Kellogg, New York, Chairman^ 
 
 P. W. AvRES, Cincinnati, 
 
 T. Guilford Smith, Buffalo, 
 
 J. W. Walk, M.D., Philadelphia, 
 
 W. R. Walpole, Portland, Ore., 
 
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 ODOOOOOOOO-JOXOOOOOOOOCOOOCOOOOT
 
 APPENDIX B. 
 
 Charity Obganiz.vtiox SoruETiiis uk xuk U^hkd States i>- 1882. 
 
 City. 
 
 Baltimore, . , . 
 
 Boston, . . . . 
 
 Brooklyn, . . . 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 Cambridge, . . 
 
 Cincinnati, . . . 
 
 Cleveland, . . . 
 
 Detroit 
 
 Indianapolis, . . 
 
 Milwaukee, . . . 
 
 Newark, . . . . 
 
 New Haven, . . 
 Newport, R.I., 
 
 New York, . . . 
 
 Orange, N.J. , . . 
 
 Philadelphia, . . 
 
 Portland, Me., • . 
 Poughkeepsie, 
 
 Salem, N.J., . . 
 
 Sjracuse, . . . 
 
 Taunton, Mass., . 
 Washington, D.C. 
 
 Population, 1880. 
 
 Yeak of 
 Fokmation. 
 
 332,213 
 
 1881 
 
 362,535 
 
 1879 
 
 566,663 
 
 1879 
 
 176,607 
 
 1877 
 
 52.669 
 
 1881 
 
 255,139 
 
 1879 
 
 160,146 
 
 1881 
 
 185,001) 
 
 1880 
 
 75,056 
 
 1879 
 
 175,000 
 
 1881 
 
 130,000 
 
 1882 
 
 60,000 
 
 1878 
 
 15,693 
 
 1«79 
 
 1,300,000 
 
 1882 
 
 13,207 
 
 1878 
 
 843,000 
 
 1878 
 
 33,810 
 
 1879 
 
 20,207 
 
 1879 
 
 5,056 
 
 1881 
 
 51,792 
 
 1878 
 
 21,213 
 
 1881 
 
 177,624 
 
 1881 
 
 5,069,330 
 
 
 Affiliated Suoieties. 
 
 City. 
 
 Chicago, .... 
 Fitehburg, Mass., 
 Kansas City, . . 
 Lawrence, Mass., 
 Maiden, Mass , . 
 Pittsburg, . . . 
 Pitt*field, Mass., 
 Plainfleld, N.J., . 
 Pueblo, Col., . . 
 St. Loui.s, Mo., 
 Springfield, Mass., 
 
 503,185 
 12,429 
 55,785 
 41,000 
 12,017 
 
 156,389 
 
 13,364 
 
 81,125 
 
 3,217 
 
 350,518 
 33,340 
 
 1,262,369 
 
 Y'E.\K OF 
 Formation. 
 
 1872 
 I87r 
 1880 
 1859 
 1875 
 1875 
 1878 
 1878 
 1881 
 1877 
 1876
 
 APPENDIX C 
 
 Population, 4,866,550. 
 
 POPt'LATlON, 2,998,950. 
 
 Population, 714,650. 
 
 Not Relieb" Givers. 
 
 Relief Giveks. 
 
 Emekgent Relief Givers. 
 
 Albany, N.Y. 
 
 
 *Bryn Mawr, Pa. 
 
 Auburn, Me. 
 
 Baltimore. 
 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Bangor, Me. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 
 *Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Bridgeport, Conn. 
 
 Brooklyn, N.Y. 
 
 
 ♦Lawrence, Mass. 
 
 Buffalo. 
 
 Burlington, la. 
 
 
 •Maiden, :Mass. 
 
 Davenport, la. 
 
 Castleton, S.I, N 
 
 .Y. 
 
 New Haven, Conn. 
 
 Minneapolis. 
 
 Charleston, S.C. 
 
 
 Newton, Mass. 
 
 Newburg, N.Y. 
 
 Cincinnati. 
 
 
 Pasadena, Cal. 
 
 Omaha. 
 
 Detroit. 
 
 
 Pawtucket. R.I. 
 
 Pueblo, Cal. 
 
 Hartford. 
 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 
 Indianapolis. 
 
 
 Richmond, Ind. 
 
 
 Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 
 Salem, N.J 
 
 
 Lynn, Mass. 
 
 
 Springfield. Ohio. 
 
 
 Newark, N.J. 
 
 
 Taucton, Mass. 
 
 
 New Brunswick, 
 
 N.J. 
 
 Tivoli, N.Y. 
 
 
 Newport, R.I. 
 
 
 Trenton, N.J. 
 
 
 New York City. 
 
 
 Waterbury, Conn. 
 
 
 Orange, N.J. 
 
 
 Wilmington, Del. 
 
 
 PlainfleUl. 
 
 
 Worcester, Mass. 
 
 
 Portland, Me. 
 
 
 Yonkers, N. Y. 
 
 
 Providence, R.I. 
 
 
 
 
 Rochester, N.Y. 
 
 
 
 
 Salem, Mass. 
 
 
 
 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 
 
 
 
 Syracuse, N.Y. 
 
 

 
 APPENDIX D. 
 
 The following is a schedule of f|uestions submitted to each of the related Societies 
 upon the replies of which this report is based. 
 
 Answers were requested where practicable for the year 1882 (or the first year of 
 the organization of each), and for 1892 for purposes of comparison, as the several 
 tables will show. 
 
 I. Preliminary. 
 
 1. Location of your Society; 2. Its legal name; 3. Date of organization, date of 
 incorporation; 4. Local conditions which led to the formation of your Society; a. 
 did it spring up independently, or was it initiated by older charitable organizations ? 
 /). state of legal administration of relief at that time (1. outdoor; 2. indoor) ; c. state 
 of voluntary charity at the time; .5. Do you distribute alms from your own funds'? 
 6. By what methods do you disseminate your views and principles, in order to gain 
 adherents or improve the practice of others? 7. What do you publish in the way 
 of periodicals 1 give titles ; of occasional papers ? give titles. 
 
 II. Organizatiox. 
 
 1. Number of unpaid administrative officers: a. men; b. women; 2. Number of 
 paid officers and agents: a. men ; h. women ; .'?. Number of Friendly Visitors, volun- 
 tary workers and teachers : a. men ; /). women ; 4. Number of branch or district or- 
 g.anizations controlled by your society; 5. Conferences, by Committees or Boards, 
 concerning treatment of applicants; 6. Number of your contributors: a. individuals ; 
 b. associations or churches ; r. amount received from municipal authorities ; 7. 
 Amount of your income ; 8. Amount of invested funds ; 'J. Average number of cases 
 assigned to Friendly Visitors. 
 
 III. Lines of Work Developed. 
 (State number of instances or cases.) 
 
 1. Repression. — a. Treatment of vagrants : (a) number turned over to police, (h) 
 number lodged by your Society, (r) number employed in wood-yard or other liite test 
 places, (d) street beggars and impostors suppressed ; b. fraudulent societies de- 
 tected. 
 
 2. Co-operation. — a. With municipal or State l)oards: number in your town, num- 
 ber co-operating; b. with societies and institutions of relief (e.g., relief societies, hos- 
 pitals, orphanages, etc.); number in your town, number co-operating; c. with 
 churches: number in your town, number co-o))erating; d. with individuals; popula 
 tion of town, number co-operating; e. to what e.xtent (percentage) have you secured 
 registration from (a) public official relief? (b) voluntary .societies? (c) churches? 
 (r/) private charitable iu.stitutions ? f. number of cases investigated for others. 
 
 .3. Provident Schemes in your City. — a. Creches, or nurseries: number of inmates; 
 b. iviudergartens; c. industrial trainmg, as sewing, cooking, trade schools: (n) uat-
 
 Appendix D. — (.'unduded. 
 
 ure of, (6) number of, (<■) beneficiaries of; d. savings funds: (a) number uf tleposi- 
 tors, (//) amount of deposits; e. co-operative beneficial societies: (a) nature of, (b) 
 
 members of. ,,,,,. , 
 
 4. Sanitdn/ WorL-.— ;i. Tenements improved through landlords or through 
 changed habits ; b. removal to better (luarters ; c. open-air excursions : number of 
 beneficiaries ; d. country homes secured ; temporary outing ; permanent. 
 
 5. Other Agencies inamjurated and managed by i/our Societjj.— ^. Nature of; b. 
 number of beneficiaries. 
 
 IV. Results. 
 
 1. Number of cases treated : a. accounted worthy of continuous relief (I.e., orphans, 
 aged, permanently disabled) ; b. worthy of temporary aid (i.e., sick, injured, over- 
 taken by emergency) ; c. accounted to need work rather than alms ; d. not cases for re- 
 lief : (a) because of having means or relatives able to provide for them, (b) because of 
 vicious habits, imposture, shiftlessness ; 2. Disposition made of cases : a. cases not 
 taken in charge: (a) placed in institutions, (b) put in complete charge of churches or 
 societies, (c) turned over to police; b. cases assumed for treatment: (a) aid pro- 
 cured from municipal or State relief boards, (b) aid procured from churches or so- 
 cieties, (c) aid procured from individuals, (d) aided by loans, (e) employment secured, 
 (/) applicant's own resources adequately developed, (g) removed to care of relatives 
 or new situations, (h) estimate of number brought to self-maintenance. 
 
 v. Analysis. 
 {From National Statistical Blanks.) 
 
 Social State. — Married couples, widows, deserted wives, single women, deserted 
 husbands or widowers, single men, orphaned or abandoned children, divorced or sep- 
 arated (legally), adult brother and sister as one family. 
 
 Number and Ages.— Under 14, 14 to 20, 20 to 40, 40 to 55, 55 to 70, over 70, total 
 number in family. 
 
 Nativity of Heads of Families. — United States, white; United States, colored; 
 British-American, white; British-American, colored; Dutch, English, French, and 
 Belgian, German, Italian, Irish, Polish, and Russian, Scandinavian, Scotch, and 
 Welsh, Spanish, and Portuguese, Swiss, other countries. 
 
 Education of Heads of Families. — Can read and write; can read, not write; can- 
 not read or write. 
 
 VI. < )n8ERVATIONS. 
 
 1. What changes of policy or method has your society made in its history? 2. 
 What improvement in the condition of the dependent or alms-seeking poor has been 
 achieved under the local observation of your society ! 3. What improvement has 
 been made in the administration of relief, either municipal or voluntary ? 4. What 
 phases of your work have been satisfactory ? 5. What improvements of method do 
 you think most desirable f 6. What local publications do you know of beyond your 
 own on scientific charity ? a. collegiate ; b. university ; c. State or political ; d. 
 general.
 
 City or Town. 
 
 Albany 
 
 Auburn, Me 
 
 Baltimore 
 
 Bangor, Me 
 
 Boston 
 
 Briilfjeport, Conn . , 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. .... 
 
 Brvn Mawr 
 
 Buffalo 
 
 Burlington Iowa 
 
 Castleton, S. I., N Y. 
 
 Charleston, S. C 
 
 Cincinnati 
 
 Cleveland 
 
 Davenport, Iowa 
 
 Denver, Col 
 
 Detroit 
 
 Hartford, Conn . . . . 
 
 Indianapolis 
 
 Kansas City, Mo 
 
 Lawrence, Mass 
 
 Lincoln, Neb 
 
 Lynn 
 
 Milwaukee 
 
 Minneapolis 
 
 Newark, N. J 
 
 New Brunswick 
 
 Newburg, N. Y 
 
 New Haven, Conn . . . 
 
 Newport, R. I 
 
 Newton, Mass 
 
 New York City 
 
 Omaha 
 
 Orange, N. J 
 
 Pasadena, Cal 
 
 Pawtucket, R. I 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 Plainfleld, N.J 
 
 Portland, Me 
 
 Portland, Ore , 
 
 Providence, R. 1 
 
 Rochester, N. Y 
 
 Salem, Mass.. 
 
 Salem, N. J 
 
 San Francisco, Cal 
 
 Seattle, Wash 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y 
 
 Taunton, Mass 
 
 Tivoli, N. Y .. .. 
 
 Trenton, N.J 
 
 Waterbury, Conn 
 
 Wilmington, Del 
 
 Worcester. Mass 
 
 Youkers, N. Y,, report of 1891 
 
 Ind 
 
 m 
 
 i,c;- 
 
 Ic 
 
 1 
 
 t 
 
 11 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 • • 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 3,8i 
 
 ' These figures include only contribu 
 whom no account is returned. 
 
 '' Contributors to Ward Associations 
 
 00 
 67 
 
 52
 
 ^v 
 
 
 
 
 APPEXTDIX R 
 
 FlNAKCB. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CoKraiBOTona. 
 
 iKrOWR. 
 
 
 City ob TnwTt 
 
 lNDIVIDCAI.8 
 
 AsiociATiorrs 
 OR Ohcrcbes 
 
 From City or 
 State. 
 
 IWVTOTBD FlTtDS. 
 
 
 ia«2. 
 
 1898. 
 
 18Se. 
 
 1602. 
 
 1B»2. 
 
 1892. 
 
 1882. 
 
 1692. 
 
 lesa 
 
 1892. 
 
 Albonv 
 
 73 
 ""77 
 
 i.oai 
 ""bo 
 
 901 
 
 614 
 'l.hSb 
 '2,646 
 
 "is" 
 
 " YesV 
 8 
 
 4 
 10 
 
 YmV 
 
 
 $I.6]3 04 
 
 $600 00 
 
 "i'.aisM 
 ii,28a'ci 
 
 "S.44i00 
 
 $1.082 00 
 
 160 ot; 
 
 8,633 00 
 
 101 4 
 
 17,444 28 
 
 "20 665 M 
 
 (•91)680 00 
 
 e,7Sl 6- 
 
 ler 00 
 408 no 
 
 815 00 
 8.154 71 
 9.000 00 
 
 OOOOO 
 23.000 00 
 2,800 00 
 1.000 00 
 0.025 OD 
 6,S08 69 
 8,050 48 
 
 888 07 
 I. 100 00 
 8.090 00 
 0.500 00 
 
 3.800 00 
 836 00 
 
 1.801 85 
 4.7OS0] 
 l.OODOO 
 
 810 00 
 40.920 00 
 
 4,800 00 
 1.424 17 
 680 71 
 ],8CO00 
 47,850 95 
 «,3B3 88 
 
 
 
 Auburo.BIe 
 
 Hftlllniore 
 
 H«riKor, Me — ... 
 
 Boston - . 
 
 Brldgpport, foiJi. 
 
 Brooklyn, N.y 
 
 BrvnMnwr 
 
 $180 00 
 
 1.000(10 
 
 85,650 IX) 
 
 11.000 00 In Buililiug, 
 
 ;:;..;::.: 
 
 
 Burlington Iowa 
 
 
 BO 
 
 308,878 Wi 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Clncltinali 
 
 Cleveland,.,. 
 Davenport, Iowa 
 I).-i.ver,Co^ 
 
 
 li.gcs'sj 
 
 6,000 OU 
 
 
 503 
 
 IIS 
 489 
 21« 
 
 
 
 lO.tWO 00 
 
 
 
 HartforJ. Conn 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 KanHOS City. Mo 
 
 ' ' 1 M ' 
 
 '"a" 
 
 38 
 
 ........ 
 
 "i6"" 
 
 sa 
 
 SI 
 8 
 
 
 isTS'oO 
 Free rent 
 
 1,900 fO 
 S.2I5 99 
 S.681 43 
 
 ■a,476'66 
 
 
 
 
 204 
 30 
 600 
 500 
 350 
 
 oa 
 
 195 
 197 
 
 "m 
 
 2,874 
 QOO 
 
 "m 
 
 
 
 
 
 Milwaukee. 
 
 ""ii' 
 
 ' ' V 36 " 
 
 "sii' 
 
 
 
 '"ii" 
 
 
 
 70000 
 
 68 60 
 8,500 00 
 
 Nfw BruDswuk 
 NewburE. N, Y 
 
 New Haven. C'jiiij .,, 
 
 Nfivp,)rt. R-1 
 
 NiMvtoi). Mass... 
 
 
 a.io6 6ci 
 "2.61888 
 
 
 4 
 
 ei 
 
 
 
 16.537 00 
 
 41,361 00 4- .Si sUcire 
 tn Charities Bund- 
 ing, 8150.00<). 
 
 OmBha 
 
 
 
 oranL-e.N. J 
 
 PiiMflilena, Cal 
 
 Pawlucket. R.I 
 I'liiladelpliia 
 
 70 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 910 IS 
 
 »i4;487'28 
 2.1S4S3 
 
 
 
 
 $4^876 "66 
 889 00 
 250 00 
 
 500 00 
 
 Porlland. Me 
 
 181 152 
 
 
 YCB. 
 
 $617 
 
 
 ProviJen™, R. 1 
 
 .1 ST.-i 
 
 
 
 
 
 7,788 OB 
 
 8,000 00 
 
 2,000 00 
 
 1,000 00 
 
 882 81 
 
 4,189 89 
 
 2,600 00 
 
 8,348 75 
 
 700 00 
 
 200 00 
 
 2.178 68 
 
 "A.mik 
 
 
 Soleni. Mass... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 400 00 
 
 Ban l^oncisco, CjiI " i 
 
 a-nttle. Wash... 
 
 Symciise, N. Y .; 
 
 '.'.'.'.'. 350 1 
 58 lis 1 
 
 :: ::.: 
 
 G 
 
 ~~m~ 
 
 "too'oo 
 
 17,877 51 
 
 S10 69 
 
 Taiiuton. Moss .. 
 
 Tlvnil, N. Y .. 
 
 Tr.-nlou, N.J.... 
 
 Wal«?rliitry, Coun 
 
 WllmfiiKioo. Del 
 
 Wfin'.-8ter Un^ 
 
 YoQkera. N. Y,, re[«.r[ i.i iwi 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 an \ 
 ■.".tl 
 
 1 .1, 
 
 23 
 
 8 
 
 D 
 
 
 
 8,8511 
 
 5,720 
 100.8% 
 
 70 
 
 213 
 807.0?^ 
 
 180,019 [>8 
 
 (268,421 89 
 20e.8Sf 
 
 
 $409,087 55 
 
 wi,nn,' .T*^**^* flffOfeB Include only contribulore to the Central Treasury, and not the bandreda of contributors to the Ward ARioelalions. of 
 Huuiii riu account is roturned, 
 
 ' Contributors to Ward Associations only. The eontribulious to the C^iilrul Treasury not rutumed, bul probably about JlS.iXW,
 
 City or Town. 
 
 Albany 
 
 Auburn. Me 
 
 Baltimore, Md 
 
 Bangor, Me 
 
 Boston, Mass 
 
 Bi'idgeport, Conn 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y 
 
 BrynMawr, Pa 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y 
 
 Burlington, la.. 
 
 Castleton, S. I.,N. Y. 
 
 Charleston, S. C 
 
 Cincinnati, O 
 
 Cleveland, O 
 
 Davenport, la 
 
 Denver, Col .. 
 
 Detroit, Mich 
 
 Hartford, Conn 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind 
 
 Lawrence, Mass 
 
 Lincoln, Neb 
 
 Lynn, Mass 
 
 Milwaukee. Wis 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn, . . 
 
 Newark, N. J 
 
 New Brunswick, N. J . 
 
 Newburg, N . Y 
 
 New Haven, Conn 
 
 Newport, R. I 
 
 Newton, Mass 
 
 New York City 
 
 Omaha, Neb 
 
 Orange, N.J 
 
 Pawtucket, R. I 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa 
 
 Plainfield, N.J 
 
 Portland, Me 
 
 Portland, Ore 
 
 Providence, R. I 
 
 Pueblo, Col 
 
 Richmond, Ind 
 
 Rochester, N. Y 
 
 Salem, Mass 
 
 Salem, N. J 
 
 San Francisco, Cal 
 
 Seattle, Wash 
 
 Syracuse, N, Y 
 
 Taunton, Mass 
 
 Tivoli, N. Y 
 
 Trenton, N. J 
 
 Waterbury, Conn.,... 
 
 Wilmington, Del 
 
 Worcester, Mass 
 
 Total 
 
 Increase. 
 
 Administrative 
 Officers. 
 
 Men. 
 
 1882 
 
 11 
 
 87 
 
 43 
 
 40 
 
 28 
 
 1.5 
 
 17 
 10 
 
 21 
 
 297 
 
 1892 
 
 4 
 '41' 
 *9i' 
 
 51 
 2 
 
 13 
 
 29 
 
 19 
 
 *13 
 
 3 
 40 
 30 
 60 
 22 
 
 5 
 31 
 
 5 
 30 
 13 
 
 8 
 41 
 13 
 12 
 54 
 
 7 
 34 
 23 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 U 
 
 5 
 
 12 
 
 763 
 156.9; 
 
 Women 
 
 1882 18'y 
 
 117 
 
 24 
 
 160 
 
 18 
 
 51 
 21s 
 
 * No distinction of sex made in the returi 
 women where the returns make no distinctioi 
 
 N. B. —Examination of these figures will 
 of the answers required. Conferences on C 
 the figures are exact multiples or divisors o 
 dently refer to the number of branch or d 
 suit would be misleading. 
 
 a 
 a 
 o 
 O 
 
 1 
 11 
 
 8 
 12 
 
 15 
 10 
 
 100 
 67 
 
 
 52 
 
 i
 
 APPENDIX F 
 
 
 abm fk i strati vk 
 Officers. 
 
 Paid Offickiis oh 
 Agents. 
 
 FaiBNDL,Y VlBTTOBS. 
 
 AvanAOE 
 
 Cases 
 
 TO ViarroR, 
 
 Branch or 
 
 District 
 
 Organizatioks. 
 
 COKTKB- 
 ENCE9 OW 
 
 Cases. 
 
 
 Men, 
 
 Women. 
 
 Men. 
 
 Women. 
 
 Men. 
 
 Women. 
 
 
 1882 
 
 1803 
 
 1888 
 
 18D8 
 
 1882 
 1 
 
 1693 
 
 1 
 1 
 I 
 
 ...... 
 
 8 
 5 
 
 1882 
 "ii" 
 
 1802 
 " 11 
 
 1883 
 
 18ns 
 
 6 
 41 
 
 1882 
 
 14 
 
 •642 
 
 1802 
 
 21 
 34 
 
 195 
 18 
 
 683 
 
 1S83 
 
 i!9S 
 
 1892 
 
 I88a 
 
 1802 
 
 1883 
 
 1892 
 
 Albany 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 8 
 15 
 3 
 
 t.« 
 
 .... 
 
 e" 
 
 
 
 
 Baltimore, Md 
 
 11 
 
 41 
 
 
 8 
 
 R 
 
 18S 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 a' 
 8 ■ 
 
 1 
 
 . 8 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 24 
 
 Boston. Mass 
 
 S7 
 
 91 
 
 :'::;■ 
 
 ,"!.. 
 
 11 
 ..... 
 
 S3 
 
 
 84 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 Brooklyn. ij.Y 
 
 113 
 
 
 •533 
 17 
 
 
 ■"2 
 li"' 
 
 
 
 "ik" 
 
 Buffalo. >'. Y 
 
 BurliDirton, la 
 
 L'ustleton. S.I.N. Y,. . 
 l.'ljarlfsti..u. H.C 
 
 48 
 
 'si*' 
 
 1 
 
 ■ja" 
 
 39 
 ID 
 
 *ia 
 
 3 
 40 
 80 
 OO 
 
 8a 
 
 5 
 81 
 6 
 
 ao 
 
 18 
 B 
 41 
 18 
 IS 
 54 
 
 ■y 
 
 34 
 
 sa 
 
 ...... 
 
 ...... 
 
 4 
 
 28 
 
 2 
 12 
 
 ■i" 
 
 8 
 i 
 
 le 
 
 8' 
 7 
 6 
 
 18 
 
 '§ 
 
 8 
 
 
 8 
 
 'u" 
 
 2 
 26 
 
 
 S 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 8 
 2 
 1 
 8 
 
 
 
 IS 
 
 •70 
 
 3 
 
 '" 3" 
 ........ 
 
 "16 
 
 a 
 
 8 
 
 i" 
 
 2 
 
 4 ' 
 
 
 13 
 145 
 •75 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 70 
 
 8& 
 
 C 
 
 (.■U-velninl.'O.! 
 
 
 
 
 6 * 
 
 
 2 
 
 D^uver.Col 
 
 Iietroit, Mich 
 
 
 ...... 
 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 2 
 
 
 
 30 
 60 
 
 
 30 
 75 
 
 
 62 
 
 Jridianapolis. Ind 
 
 40 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 "so" 
 
 4S 
 23 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 62 
 
 
 ..... 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 Lynn. Mass 
 
 rtlilwaukee. Wis 
 
 "ss" 
 
 
 
 
 "ir' 
 4 
 
 ■l!50 
 .67 
 1.26 
 
 .... 
 6 
 
 ■ 3" 
 4 
 3 
 3 
 
 ■*a 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 ■ i' 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 
 3 
 
 "75 
 
 •46 
 
 ...... 
 
 835 
 '88 
 
 ■ '59 
 80 
 
 "'8 
 
 98 
 100 
 •50 
 26 
 16 
 13 
 29 
 
 aiB 
 
 135 
 CO 
 84 
 
 " fii 
 
 30 
 25 
 
 "ill' 
 
 83 
 
 Newark. N.J 
 
 New Brunswick, N. J , 
 
 Newburg.N. Y 
 
 New Haven. Conn 
 
 Newport, R.I 
 
 Newtou.BIasH 
 
 New York City 
 
 OrnabOiNeb 
 
 Orange. N.J. 
 
 Pawtucket. B.l 
 
 15 
 
 "if 
 
 10 
 
 "si" 
 
 
 
 "i" 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 ioa 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 ...... 
 
 9 
 
 a 
 ...... 
 
 14 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 .... 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 "is" 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 '"a" 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 3 " 
 
 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 [Tainfleld, N. J 
 
 Portland, Me 
 
 
 53 
 
 
 '15' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 ■ l" 
 
 "a" 
 
 ...„. 
 
 25 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 36 
 
 "i' 
 
 8 
 ID 
 4 
 
 
 3 
 1 
 
 ...... 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Providence. R. I 
 
 i'ueblo. Col 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 RoL-heiter. N. Y 
 
 Salem, Mn-ss - 
 
 Siilem.N. J 
 
 Sun Francisco, Ca! 
 
 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 "ih" 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 100 
 53 
 S& 
 12 
 
 107 
 38 
 18 
 8 
 13 
 01 
 88 
 53 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 4 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 "l 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 "k"' 
 6 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 87 
 
 R^Tacuse. N. Y 
 
 Tiiunton.MaBS 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 "2" 
 2 
 
 
 21 
 
 s' 
 1 
 
 
 
 Trcnlon. N.J 
 
 ■;:::■ 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 ... 
 
 
 62 
 
 Wilmington. Del 
 
 VCo re ester. Mass 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 297 
 
 768 
 156.W 
 
 100 
 
 SIT 
 31G.4i 
 
 24 
 
 77 
 830« 
 
 36 
 
 13S 
 876< 
 
 30 
 
 456 
 1400:1 
 
 1320 
 
 8534 
 105.91 
 
 
 
 07 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 253, a* 
 
 
 
 sto^ 
 
 
 
 
 • No distint-Uon of sex mode in the returns. In this table administrative officers have been credited to men and Friendly Visitors to 
 w.Finen whore the returns make no distinction, because these are the sexes that predominate In those sorts of service, 
 
 N B -Etarainatlon of tliese flcures will show that the correspond en ts by whom they were supplied varied Kreatly in tljeir conceDUona 
 ■ li the answers required. Conferences ou Cases refers to meetluga of offlcera and visitors to consider treatment of applicantP. Where 
 tl.e liKures are exdct multiples or divisors of I'J and 52, they indicate monthly and weekly conferences. In some mstances the flpjres efl- 
 iieiitly r^fer to the number of branch or district associations holding conferences. The columns are not added to a total wneretne re- 
 sult would be misleading,
 
 is 
 
 52 
 49 
 
 127 
 114 
 
 ivm 
 
 pst. 
 
 2500 
 160 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 I . 
 
 23 
 Com- 
 mon. 
 
 ■a 
 9 o 
 
 03 o 
 
 5 o 
 
 a 
 > 
 
 01 
 
 56 
 
 3009 
 
 2281 
 
 42 
 
 5 
 
 22 
 21 
 
 1_. 
 
 03 
 
 18 
 
 +j 0) 
 
 W 
 
 o 
 
 ft 
 
 (5 
 
 68 
 68 
 
 90?; 
 90^4 
 
 25^ 
 75% 
 
 500 
 
 2135 
 ...17 
 
 100^ 
 
 o 
 
 318 
 
 Est. 
 
 2800 
 
 Est. 
 
 350 
 
 55 
 
 11 
 11 
 
 350 
 121' 
 
 590 
 367 
 
 2000 
 
 lOOjJ 
 90^ 
 
 2173 
 
 41 
 
 Est. 
 
 30 
 
 1770 
 
 ^ 03 01 
 
 0! 
 Xi 
 US 
 
 a 
 o 
 
 620 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 76 
 40 
 
 142000 
 1200 
 
 500 
 
 .a 
 ft 
 
 3 
 
 15476 
 
 979 
 
 25 
 25 
 
 Co-opera- 
 tion. 
 
 E? 2 to 
 
 o >,'2 
 
 O 03 O 
 
 13 
 
 206 
 
 116 
 5 
 
 6170 
 
 o 
 a 
 
 o 
 (5 
 
 
 to 
 
 .a 
 o 
 
 30 
 
 45 
 
 s 
 
 a 
 
 "3 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 V 
 
 y 
 
 '5 
 a 
 
 03 
 
 a 
 
 03 
 «2 
 
 22 
 22 
 
 All hos- 
 pitals. 
 
 60 
 22 
 
 40 
 40 
 
 92 
 90 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 03 
 
 2343 
 3 
 
 23 
 159 
 
 163 
 
 56 
 
 1 
 
 85 
 
 150 
 19 
 
 30 
 19 
 
 75^ 
 35^ 
 
 102 
 
 25^ 
 405^ 
 
 15f. 
 20 
 
 lOOi? 
 50fi 
 
 505J 
 
 10^ 
 
 1758 
 
 101 
 41 
 
 P 
 o 
 03 
 
 32 
 
 55 
 
 10 
 
 73 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 11 
 
 8 
 12 
 
 15 
 10 
 
 100^ 
 60^ 
 
 40^ 
 
 25^ 
 
 145 
 
 ICOj; 
 
 35000 
 167 
 
 01 
 - M-_ 
 
 52 
 
 13 
 
 11 
 35 
 
 ■a 
 o 
 o 
 
 ft 
 o 
 
 c 3 
 
 m
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 APPENDIX Q 
 Lines of Work Devkloped 
 
 189 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 m 
 
 1 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 d 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 s 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 % 
 
 a 
 
 16 
 03 
 
 i 
 f 
 
 A 
 
 333 
 30 
 
 i 
 A. 
 
 350 
 76 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 3S 
 38 
 
 162 
 35 
 
 286000 
 
 800 
 
 iooi 
 
 1 i 
 
 180 . 
 
 -. 4 
 
 ...» 
 ■ ■■ 1 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 3 
 IS 
 
 7 
 
 i 2 
 i 8 
 
 13 
 7 12 
 
 B 40 
 3 15 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 |_ 
 
 ISO 
 
 36 
 115 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 >• 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 £ 
 
 SO 
 1009 
 
 iSSl 
 42 
 6 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 13 
 13 
 
 68 
 6S 
 
 £ 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 ■-a 
 
 1 1 
 
 1 i 
 
 £ 1 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 i. 
 
 7 
 806 
 
 116 
 5 
 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 is 
 
 t 
 
 1 
 
 1: 
 
 E i 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 s 
 
 1 
 
 93 
 22 
 
 2343 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 S3 
 159 
 
 168 
 56 
 
 I 
 
 2 
 2 
 
 6 
 6 
 
 SO 
 10 
 
 i 
 
 32 
 65 
 
 3 
 9 
 
 10 
 73 
 
 100* 
 77 
 
 1 
 11 
 
 8 
 13 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 15 
 10 
 
 36000 
 107 
 
 [ a^ 
 62 
 
 t 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 81 
 7 
 
 8 
 S 
 
 
 6 
 
 OS 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 c 
 
 3 
 MS 
 
 66 
 41 
 
 J 
 
 Reprbssion. 
 Treatment of vosraots: 
 Number turned over to po- 
 lice ... 
 
 Number lodged through 
 
 your society • . 
 
 Number employed in wood 
 yard or other like l#st 
 
 33 
 43 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 404 
 
 49 
 S 
 
 137 
 800000 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 44 
 450 
 
 620 
 
 125 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 03 
 65 
 
 220 
 
 80 
 
 100^ 
 COi( 
 
 40:< 
 6ft< 
 
 m7 
 
 15 
 584 
 
 865 
 2 
 
 
 3IR 
 
 
 
 537=01!,; 
 7690=70.9* 
 
 3700=26* 
 067=01.8* 
 117=00.8* 
 
 68 
 50=97* 
 
 1443 
 420=33K 
 
 300 
 
 
 
 
 
 Slany. 
 
 m 
 "ail" 
 
 10 
 6 
 
 5R 
 All. 
 
 020 
 
 15470 . 
 979 . 
 
 
 30 
 46 
 
 
 
 53 
 
 7 
 7 
 
 les 
 
 Very 
 many. 
 
 SS3 
 Very 
 many. 
 
 448177 
 
 3S< 
 
 1535 
 
 Incre's- 
 
 Many. 
 
 ioagen 
 ciea. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Est, 
 
 3800 
 
 .... Eat. 
 
 350 
 
 53 
 
 1 . 11 
 I .. 11 
 
 850 
 
 .. . 131' 
 
 3135 590 
 .... 17 867 
 
 Street beggars and impos- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fraudulent schemes de- 
 tected 
 
 COOPBIIATIOK. 
 
 With municipal or Stat« 
 Boards: 
 
 Number in the town 
 
 Number co-operating 
 
 With societies and their In- 
 stitutions: 
 Number in the town 
 
 Number co operating. 
 
 With churches: 
 
 9 
 3 
 
 53 
 
 1 
 17S 
 
 laa 
 
 307 
 80 
 
 R50000 
 10000 
 
 ■■'soi 
 
 lOK 
 
 so* 
 
 7769 
 
 48 
 15000 
 
 a 
 
 3 
 
 90 
 15 
 
 15 
 
 n 
 
 30000 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 C14 Sftcret) 
 IT 
 8 
 
 30 
 13 
 
 22505 
 500 
 
 lOOit 
 100« with 
 B. R. 800. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 36 
 30 
 
 136 
 S5 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 58 
 49 
 
 127 
 114 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 6 
 
 23 
 Com- 
 mon, 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 
 ] 
 1 
 
 AU hos- 
 pitals. 
 
 00 
 S2 
 
 a 
 a 
 
 40 
 40 
 
 92 
 90 
 
 1 
 .... 1 
 
 e 86 
 
 2 150 
 8 10 
 
 All. 
 
 Uost. 
 Few. 
 
 AH. 
 
 
 10 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 ar 
 
 it 
 
 22 
 
 'is 
 
 10 
 10 
 
 76 
 40 
 
 142000 
 1200 
 
 
 39 
 16 
 
 60 
 33 
 
 All. 
 Geoeral. 
 
 31 
 18 
 
 
 2.1 . 
 36 . 
 
 
 
 1SS3=44* 
 
 With individuals: 
 
 
 
 
 
 Number co-operating.. .. 
 
 Registration. 
 
 For public official relief.... 
 For voluntary societies, . "I 
 
 Forchurehes f 
 
 For private iDstitutlons.. ) 
 Number of cases Investt- 
 
 76!( 
 
 
 
 
 lOOjf 
 
 SOi! 
 
 5S 
 
 lOjt 
 
 180 
 
 Btoal.' 
 lOOK 
 
 
 1 
 
 IB 
 
 
 
 2000 
 
 '§S 
 
 802 
 70* 
 
 2178 
 
 41 
 
 Est. 
 30 
 
 . 1770 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 7 
 2 
 
 
 
 5« 
 
 90S 
 
 25% 
 76J( 
 
 lOOX- 
 
 
 
 103 
 
 40* 
 SO* 
 
 30 
 
 lOD* 
 60* 
 
 -■ M* 
 10* 
 
 1758 
 
 lOO* 
 00* 
 
 40* 
 25* 
 
 146 
 
 27 
 18 
 
 11 
 35 
 
 1 
 I 
 
 1 . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 171 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 3 or 5 
 20 
 
 731 
 
 
 1900 
 
 e 
 
 COO 
 
 
 
 
 Sawitary Work. 
 
 a. Tenements improved 
 ihrough landJords or 
 through changed htt- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 176 
 40 
 
 6S00 
 300 
 
 
 468 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 203 
 
 b. Removals to belter 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 113 
 
 c. Open-air excurslona, 
 number of beneflcia- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S600 
 
 leo 
 
 
 
 BOO 
 
 
 
 Co-opera- 
 
 tlOQ. 
 
 3 6170 
 
 
 
 101 
 41 
 
 
 "h 
 
 1 
 
 § 
 
 Oo opera 
 tton. 
 03 
 
 iii 
 
 111 
 
 
 d. Countryhomessecured; 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 ill 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Othbr Agencies inauourat- 
 ed and managed by tour 
 
 SOCIETV, 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 IBfii 
 
 
 
 
 6° 
 
 
 in 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 
 ll 
 
 fl 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 .1 
 
 
 
 
 
 b. Number of beneflcia 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 
 
 
 
 r^ 
 
 c 
 
 o
 
 w 
 
 APPENDIX H. 
 Providbst Schemes, 1882-1692, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 iKDUSTRIAl, TRAIKIHO SCHOOLS OH GLASSES. 
 
 \ SAVtSOS FUKDS. 
 
 
 
 
 CookinR, 
 
 Sewing. 
 
 Manual or Trade. 
 
 Laundry. 
 
 Stamp Books. \ 
 
 General. 
 
 Fuel Funds. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 2 
 1 
 9 
 
 I 
 1 
 
 43 
 7 
 2 
 2 
 
 'i9' 
 
 AdmissioDS. 
 
 Increase. 
 
 No. 
 
 Pupils. 
 103 
 
 Increase. 
 
 No. 
 .... 
 14 
 
 Pupils. 
 
 'ioi'" 
 
 No. 
 
 .i. 
 
 Pupils. 
 
 18 
 
 Incp. lOOK 
 
 No. 
 
 Pupils. 
 
 No. 
 
 BeDeflclarles, 
 
 No. 
 
 Depositors. 
 
 lieposlta. 
 
 No. 
 
 Depositors. 
 
 Deposits. 
 
 Depositors. Deposits. 
 
 
 60 daily. 
 
 
 
 14 
 2 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 BOO 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 Provident. 
 
 16795' 
 
 S7H598 92' 
 
 
 isri"".::.::.;:::: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 vinu 
 
 
 iU d&il7- 
 
 10 dally. 
 
 76« yearly. 
 
 BOK 
 
 '40i 
 
 ^^rTrSI 
 
 .... 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 183 BtatlonB 
 
 6000 
 
 Home. 
 1 
 
 651 
 489 
 
 S93a4T 
 
 206 60 
 
 
 Buffftlo 
 
 BurliDKtoD.Ia 
 
 Caslleu.n.S.1., N.T... 
 
 Charleston. S.C 
 
 Cinclnnaii 
 
 70* 
 
 1 
 6 
 
 Fitch creche. 
 
 
 
 
 
 ....u....... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ;;;:ft;:; 
 
 i 
 
 "476 
 
 ""fioeoTs 
 
 
 
 ■■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 mi 
 
 City schools 
 
 
 
 
 
 " 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 'is' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Deover.Col 
 
 Detroit 
 
 lodianapoDB. 
 
 Lawreaee, Mass.* 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 "s 
 .... 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 13 
 
 a 
 ■fl' 
 
 IBi 
 
 "4 
 i' 
 
 "a' 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 148 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 75 daily. 
 
 loo* 
 
 6S00 
 814 
 
 
 
 
 fiSi, inc. QOOiC. 
 
 
 mn 
 
 
 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 lu, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 co-operative banks. 
 8t co-operative stores. 
 
 i 800 
 
 
 
 
 125 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lynn.Mass 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 aoo'" 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 i' 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 MlDoeapoIis 
 
 Newark, N. J . .- 
 New Brunswick, N. J.. 
 
 Newburg. N. Y 
 
 New Haven, Conn,. . 
 
 i 
 
 20 daily. 
 SO daily. 
 
 
 
 
 ■■sooi"* 
 
 
 
 
 Several. 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 399, (no. ai?* 
 
 1310 88, 
 
 □cr. 410^ 
 
 
 
 
 Public school.oew 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 206i! 
 
 SOS61Q 
 
 
 
 ;■;■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 400, inc. BO^e 
 800 
 
 2222 11. 
 044 71 
 
 nc. 3a< 
 
 
 Newton, Mass 
 
 New York 
 
 Omaha 
 
 " 3' 
 
 1 
 
 400 daily." 
 
 8tl daily. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 107 
 
 S06 stations 
 
 acraa 
 
 isna 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PlaiDfield,N. J 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 "i" 
 
 i 
 
 
 1 
 
 "i 
 a 
 
 ' 1 
 
 1 
 a 
 1' 
 
 Bl 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 200 
 
 248187 
 
 
 
 46 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Rochester. K. Y 
 
 Salem, Mass 
 
 Salem. N. J.' 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 101 
 
 
 
 
 1 kitchen gard'n 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Springfield, 
 
 Syracuse 
 
 Taunton, Mass 
 
 .... 
 
 ISdiily." 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 :.... 
 
 
 
 """ 297 13 
 BOS 94 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 7115 
 
 
 
 WilniinRton, Del 
 
 Worcester, Mass 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 105 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 .;::•::::■ 
 
 Id public schools. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 37 
 
 
 0014 
 
 — -- 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 131 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 est. 1095 dally. 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 308 
 
 
 S3TS1 
 
 S3l44a 07 
 
 
 24SS4 
 
 JTTlOll 55 
 
 138 
 
 £3tll 04 
 
 
 
 ■ Not under the C. O. S. ' Part of public -school system. 
 
 ' Kindergartens begun by womenof the C. 0. 8 . and maintained by an associati. 
 
 ' Churches conduct them. » Girls' Club ot 120 members. 
 
 D of them until thej' were adopted and made part of the publicschool syst«m. 
 
 jj g —Where not otherwise staled it Is believed that the iustitutions enumerated were originated by members of Charity Oreaoization Socieiles, and that the savings funds are under their control. Where n 
 given, iherelBoorecordof the existence of such institutions in 1882. Blank spaces do not necessttrily indicate that there are no sucli iustitutions in tho town, but only that they have not beeureturc 
 
 r,
 
 tions of the city. 
 
 -J r— I — I o
 
 APPENDIX I. 
 
 Ct^AgAirru Ctsse, Tabls I. 0692.> 
 
 DlBposlMnti <>t CiisL'H. 
 
 s 
 
 < 
 
 1 § ^ 
 
 1 
 
 J 
 
 §■ i 1 
 
 u 2 ? 
 
 3 £ -^ 
 
 1 
 
 .3 
 
 £ 
 
 6 
 
 l 
 
 1 
 
 ■5 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 £ 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 .. 1 
 
 1 i 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 i 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 y. 
 1 1} 
 
 5 1 *i 
 
 1 'i i 
 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 d 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 III 
 
 1 
 
 d 
 
 E 
 
 i: 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Hi 
 
 Sh 
 
 ^ 
 
 I 
 
 
 a«o 
 
 778 M 4081 
 
 12370 
 
 man 
 
 lao T3| 285 
 
 
 8011 
 
 -100 
 
 Ifilo 
 
 i3£a 
 
 ioao> 
 
 489'27.'j 
 
 41. 
 
 
 
 11H 
 
 ail 3 
 
 i-i 
 
 Sfi 
 
 r450« 
 
 7M 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ContlDuouB roller 
 
 MH 
 
 1.17 
 
 87 
 
 
 7111 
 
 17 
 
 J 7.> 
 
 JIS 
 
 
 39: 106 
 
 31 
 
 {■350' 
 
 If 
 
 IIP 
 
 11 
 
 4lf 
 
 4 
 
 (ir. 
 
 n 
 
 Ti 
 
 58, SC 
 
 ina 
 
 »l 
 
 ei... 
 
 
 Jfl 
 
 30| 4 
 
 II 
 
 as 
 
 n 4 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 39 1 
 
 SM3 
 
 4,7« 
 
 Tomnonirj' rpllef 
 
 NectlfnK work raUiur than aliiin . 
 
 m 
 
 288 ;)5| 3811 
 
 
 m 
 
 u'lGl fi) 
 
 HS7 
 
 
 a« 
 
 1111 
 
 417 
 
 is; 
 
 ISIl 
 
 Ml 
 
 in7 
 
 184 
 
 50(1 
 
 «H 
 
 420 
 
 A1 
 
 
 1570 
 
 m 
 
 tJAOi 16 ... 
 
 no 
 
 71 
 
 fl9I 351 
 
 vu 
 
 80 21)1 'M 
 
 iir>5 
 
 W 
 
 
 
 
 24.81 
 
 Ai\ 
 
 
 
 
 14i 
 
 SlJsl 24 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 
 
 11; 
 
 HI 
 
 
 Hi)' 
 
 Sim 
 
 
 
 
 
 3140 
 
 
 
 
 
 789!.... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ml 
 
 
 
 
 NotrfllGvcd,liavlD|;reIutlve.H. i 
 
 132 
 
 
 g}3« 
 
 
 ani! 
 
 181 
 
 7 ,.,, 
 
 SIS 
 
 
 I -J 
 
 
 163 
 
 U.Ml' 
 
 at 
 
 43 
 
 W 
 
 71, 
 
 (m 
 
 W3 
 
 H 
 
 331 
 
 2(1 
 
 
 [ 1S8B 
 
 1(1 
 
 [■ 1844 
 
 * .. 
 
 25 
 
 h 
 
 [-u^ 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 ' -i 
 
 19 ■•■■ 
 
 2,^11 
 
 3.89 
 
 Notrelit'ved.havlDgviclouflhablts i 
 
 JW 
 
 
 47 
 
 ]0'l0| 03 
 
 24(1 
 
 
 ai 
 
 4(111 
 
 S5 
 
 f 
 
 a-j 
 
 fl5 
 
 !W 
 
 92 
 
 M 
 
 11 
 
 21H 
 
 H 
 
 Id 
 
 15 
 
 
 41 
 
 14 
 
 Sl^ 
 
 4 
 
 
 41 
 
 I ■' 
 
 
 ]o.ai 
 
 
 
 
 
 .. :;• 
 
 
 1- 
 
 
 174 
 
 m 
 
 4' 
 
 .... 
 
 m 
 
 22) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 16 
 19 
 
 13 
 IS 
 
 168 
 10 
 
 
 
 ? 
 
 1 
 
 
 413 
 400' 
 
 25 
 
 jasoa 
 
 
 ... 8.... 
 ... 4 ... 
 
 45 21 
 1 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 S 
 1 
 
 
 8 £0 
 
 201., 
 
 ]18« 
 5704 
 573 
 
 
 
 
 
 7.73 
 
 riri.riliiu'luirKeof police 
 
 
 5Q 
 
 .70 
 
 Alil |.rniiin-.l from munlclpallly or Slate 
 
 2J 
 74 
 
 it 
 
 osn 30 noo' 
 mi ,. M4 
 
 
 
 8j. 
 14 '. 
 
 
 13,5 
 
 0-e 
 
 
 43 
 134 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 iif 
 s 
 
 
 67 
 81 
 
 1 
 
 SOS 
 173 
 16 
 
 lOS 
 
 as 
 
 2t 
 
 '183 
 100 
 
 10 
 
 "■46 
 
 \- 
 
 
 
 151 
 1322 
 703 
 
 SO 
 lb 
 80 
 
 
 
 80 . 
 ISO 
 IBO . 
 
 10 
 
 COO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 8-1 
 33 
 
 81 
 18 
 
 ....1 10 
 8 .... 
 
 IMU 
 8108 
 4931 
 
 
 131 
 79 
 
 
 
 85H5 
 77* 
 
 
 
 ... 
 
 
 
 ... 
 
 11.13 
 
 
 
 
 89, .. 
 SO 
 
 
 Alili'.ll)V liiuD« 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1:11111)1 lymeotBecuietl .. .. 
 
 
 1017 
 
 ; 837 
 
 S204 
 
 
 23 1 Si 12 
 
 
 m\ 
 
 w 
 
 4^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 .v> 
 
 
 
 
 1391 
 
 m 
 
 2157 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 202103 
 
 
 .... Bl.. 
 
 
 itn 
 
 
 
 lain 
 
 18.01 
 
 Appllfiinls'restJiirceadoveloped 
 
 U 
 8 
 Sfi 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 . 
 8 . 
 1 
 54 . 
 
 4 ."! 
 
 305 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 
 "k'.'.V 
 
 40 
 400 
 1824 
 
 
 '450. 
 
 . ISS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 IS 
 
 21 
 68 
 
 
 
 
 
 W 
 
 111 
 
 "ie 
 
 42 
 
 
 SO 
 T5 
 
 8.... 
 
 28 40 
 83—. 
 
 
 4C 
 
 ■5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 40' 839 
 
 2.01 
 
 Unclnsatfled " , . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 Inoludea Instltutlona. 
 
 ' The remaining figures In this column are for 1889. 
 
 * Aided from Emergency Fund, 153. 
 
 s Some of the totals bt tbl9 column contain duplications c( coau. 
 
 r
 
 tions of the city.
 
 APPENDIX K. 
 
 Classified Cases, T.uir.E IT. am-i). 
 
 
 1 
 
 lOf 
 GO 
 11 
 B 
 S( 
 
 171 
 
 ■1! 
 
 ^•0 
 
 27(1 
 203 
 Gl 
 4'J 
 34 
 51 
 3 
 8 
 
 1 !•'-' 
 
 ij: 
 
 1 
 
 [ 
 
 1 
 
 40 
 30 5 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 7 
 
 1 
 I 
 
 178 
 61 
 81 
 44 
 
 11 
 
 7T 
 6. 
 
 E 
 
 -.' 
 
 . 
 
 °" § 
 1 -1 
 
 i 3 
 
 8 1075 
 
 w ',m 
 
 4 236 
 e IM 
 
 1 S'')! 
 
 678 
 
 1 85 
 . 46 
 
 2701 
 710 
 
 2371 
 . 132b 
 . dOit 
 . 165 
 
 1390 
 
 . 21G 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 a 
 
 41 
 24 
 ID 
 15 
 
 5 
 68 
 
 "so 
 
 10 
 
 157 
 li 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 369 
 01 
 108 
 310 
 
 "m 
 
 G2 
 63 
 
 ^»° 
 
 647 
 39 
 13 
 
 910 
 
 75 
 CI 
 
 417 
 170 
 01 
 
 47 
 68 
 
 '184 
 10 
 
 1181 
 301 
 800 
 386 
 102 
 59 
 
 328 
 89 
 
 HO 
 31 
 
 ' 96 
 
 5 
 
 127 
 
 103 
 14 
 3 
 29 
 6 
 
 767 
 80 
 
 136 
 
 201 
 58 
 (5 
 32 
 9 
 
 115 
 
 ■9 
 
 a 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 s_ 
 
 38 
 16 
 
 lU 
 SO 
 82 
 
 277 
 45 
 
 a4R 
 
 Bl 
 U 
 6 
 
 114 
 14 
 
 W 
 '9 
 "63 
 
 "is 
 
 6 
 lOS 
 
 3 
 
 i 
 
 22r.i 
 68 
 19 
 16 
 24 
 65 
 3 
 
 
 627 
 
 160 
 
 aiiit 
 
 310 
 71 
 15 
 
 345 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 1-3 
 
 3 
 67 
 
 1 
 36 
 
 4 
 13 
 
 4 
 16 
 
 273 
 16 
 23 
 
 67 
 4H 
 00 
 
 3 
 455 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 200 
 
 410 
 "65 
 
 1 
 I 
 
 173 
 03 
 67 
 19 
 37 
 
 811 
 
 801 
 93 
 614 
 104 
 32 
 2 
 
 295 
 16 
 11 
 
 26 
 19 
 71 
 •i 
 
 13^ 
 20 
 
 1-Jl 
 10 
 4 
 
 Z 
 
 1 
 
 & 
 
 89 
 32 
 7 
 7 
 
 u 
 
 is 
 
 1 
 
 43 3 
 
 30 1 
 6,1 
 
 n 
 
 ao. 
 .1 
 3. 
 
 40 8 
 B9 
 
 31 5 
 12 7 
 
 5 I 
 IB 
 
 7.160 
 
 85,4 
 1! 
 
 9"' 
 3,5 
 14 1 
 
 1 2 
 27 2 
 1.7 
 i. 
 1.8 
 
 3 1 
 
 885 
 
 4 
 
 6 9 
 
 t! 
 
 161 
 143 
 
 t i 
 
 3 c 
 156 
 
 ea 
 "'is " 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 B 
 
 39 
 10 
 3 
 2 
 
 2: 
 
 1 
 _l_ 
 
 415 
 361 
 45 
 39 
 40 
 803 
 fi9 
 
 1618 
 885 
 1173 
 
 533 
 183 
 61 
 
 685 
 6 
 
 "1 
 117 
 
 25 
 100 
 3 
 35! 
 16 
 89 
 34 
 06 
 
 1078 
 64 
 13s 
 
 d 
 
 m 
 111 
 
 80 
 
 e 
 1 
 
 630 
 
 172 
 257 
 205 
 S5 
 21 
 
 lfi3 
 
 in 
 
 1 
 
 
 "17 
 "si 
 
 13 
 8 
 IS 
 
 "o 
 
 235 
 40 
 
 149 
 23 
 IB 
 
 
 2 
 7 
 
 "a 
 
 i 
 14 
 
 : 
 
 II 
 9 
 
 d 
 
 il 
 
 4 57 
 
 3 13 
 2 9 
 
 ,' 1 
 
 .. 13 
 
 IC 157 
 1 2/ 
 6 61 
 
 iJ 
 
 ..8 43 
 ., 3 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 101 
 
 28 
 14 
 
 8 
 5 
 8 
 
 a 
 
 300 
 
 53 
 
 190 
 48 
 28 
 
 60 
 
 61 
 
 1 
 
 f 
 
 1 
 
 Married couples 
 
 WldOWB 
 
 u:i 37tf 
 ny lie 
 11 6? 
 
 6320 
 2924 
 1007 
 970 
 675 
 3979 
 487 
 168 
 
 31 59 
 19.03 
 
 SioEle women. . . 
 
 8 
 3 
 6 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 6.80 
 
 Singlemen 
 
 Orpboaed or abandoned clilldren.. 
 Divorced or separated OegAUyj- ■ ■ 
 
 .... 
 
 ■■ 
 
 62 
 11 
 
 "a 
 "3 
 
 30 
 
 1 
 10 
 8 
 
 114 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 so 
 
 229 
 1747 
 317 
 168 
 10 
 
 14M 
 
 laa 
 
 leo 
 an 
 
 147 
 10 
 1211 
 64 
 67 
 60 
 61 
 
 198 
 
 507 
 
 7a 
 4 
 
 '741 
 
 8 
 103 
 
 6 
 144 
 
 18 
 
 6 
 
 3a' 
 
 13 
 
 S3fi 
 
 Percent. 
 31 51 6 
 7 08 
 3 
 
 ■o!4 " 
 
 8 9 
 ., 11 01 
 10 9 
 
 1 1 
 26 8,9 
 
 11 
 
 2 4 4 
 a 2,15 
 7 5,7 
 
 
 113 
 77 
 
 .... 
 
 "l 
 "] 
 
 35 86 
 2 81 
 1 09 
 
 
 53«) 
 
 10(K 
 
 UnderU.... . . 
 
 HtoSO. 
 20 to 4(1. 
 
 1K11356 
 4-J 172 
 
 .'.3f an 
 
 -.3 113 
 
 7 . S4 
 
 MJl... 
 87 176 
 
 ■; U 
 
 IS 31 
 
 1 8 
 
 , i 
 
 1 3 
 
 8 132 
 
 6 '-'1 
 
 9 124 
 
 2 
 1 e 
 
 4 
 
 er, 453 
 
 7 3 
 23 140 
 
 -1117 
 
 IHH0 
 
 4051 
 2-J17 
 654 
 
 "S6330 
 
 1,1 V- 
 
 
 
 9 05 
 ■12 43 
 
 65to70. 
 
 314 
 83 
 
 a 
 
 1 
 10 
 
 3 
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 APPENDIX L. 
 
 BIBLIOGRATHY OF THE CHARITY ( )R(;ANIZATION SOCIETIES 
 
 OF THE UNITED STA;rES. 
 
 Balti.mokk. 
 
 Directory of Charitable aud Beneficent Organizations, 1892, lOmo, 2(1 edition, Ul 
 pp.; The Charities Record, a periodical succeeding the Confidential Circular; An- 
 nual Reports of the Charity Organization Society of Baltimore; Charities; The 
 Relation of the State, the City, aud the Individual to Modern Philanthrojjic Work, 
 A. G. Warner, ThD. ; Report of a Conference on Charities held in Baltimore, 
 April, 1887, published by the Baltimore Charity Orgaui/ation Society, 1887, Cliarity 
 Organization Society Pr.M. ; The Needs of Self-supporting Women, Clare de 
 Graffenried; Work among Workingwomen in Baltimore, H. B. Adams, Ph.D.; 
 Philanthropy, Richard T. FAy ; Relations of Private and Public to Organized Char- 
 ity, W. F. Siocum; Notes on Literature of Charities, Professor Adams; Ashrott's 
 Poor Relief in the United States (translation) ; Extracts from International Con- 
 gress at Paris (translation) ; Education of the Friendly Visitor, Zilpha D. Smith ; 
 A Few Words to Fresh Visitors, Octavia Hill. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 Directory of Charitable Organizations, 1891, 12mo, .3d edition, 351 pp.; Annual 
 Reports; Charity Organization, by Robert Treat Paine, 14 pp. ; Essays by Octavia 
 Hill, 34 pp. ; Relation of Private Almsgivers to the Associated Charities, 1 p. ; 
 Work of Volunteer Visitors, by Robert Treat Paine, 19 pp.; An Appeal for Help 
 and Workers; Hints to a (Conference; Circular to Visitors concerning Drunken- 
 ness; The District Conference and its Executive Committee; Directions for the 
 Work of an Ageut ; The Work of the Central Office; Sending New Applicants to 
 the Overseers of the Poor; The Old Charity and the New, by H. L. Wayland, 
 D.D. , For Visitors of the Associated Charities ; Laws applying to Tenements in 
 the City of Boston ; more than a score of papers now out of print. 
 
 Buffalo. 
 
 Handbook of Charity Organization, by Rev. S. H. Gurteen, 254 pp. ; Hints and 
 Suggestions to Visitors of the Poor, by the same ; Phases of Charity, by the same ; 
 Provident Schemes, by the same ; What is Charity Organization ? by the same. 
 
 Cleveland. 
 
 The Journal and Bulletin, a weekly paper representing the benevolent organiza- 
 tions of the city.
 
 Appendix L. — Continued. 
 
 Indianapolis. 
 
 Amiiial Year Book of Charities ; Reprints of papers by Octavia Hill, S. H. Gur- 
 teen, Oscar C. McCuUoch, C. S. Loch, and Francis Wayland. 
 
 New Yokel. 
 
 New York Charities Directory of the Charitable and Beneficent Societies and 
 Institutions of the City, .'Jth edition, 472 pp., 16mo, $1, to paid officers of churches 
 and societies 50 cents; The Charities Review, a Journal of Practical Sociology, 
 yearly subscription (8 nunabers) $1 ; Work of Friendly Visitors, 1 p. ; On District 
 Conferences, by Mrs. James T. Fields, 4 pp.; Inaugural Paper of Organizing Sec- 
 retary, 4 i)p. ; Cold Victuals, by Hon. Charles S. Fairchild, 2 pp. ; How to repress 
 Pauperism, by Robert Treat Paine, IG pp.; Official vs. Private Relief, a reprint 
 from London Charity Organization Society Reporter, 2 pp.; Duties of Friendly 
 Visitors, by Mrs. C. R. Low^l, 4 pp.; The Pauper Question, by D. 0. Kellogg, 18 
 pp.; Profits and Possibilities of the Proper Organization of Charity, bv Hon. A. S. 
 Hewitt, 8 pp.; The Old Charity and the New, by Rev. H. L. Wayland, D.D., 4 
 pp.; Philanthropy, by Richard T. YAy, Ph.D., 8 pp.; The Charity Organization 
 Idea, by Ansley Wilcox, 4 pp.; How to adapt Charity Organization Methods to 
 Small Communitie?, by Mrs. Charles R. Lowell, 8 pp.; The Wastes of Charity, 
 Rt. Rev. Henry C. Potter, D.D., 8 pp.; Methods of (Organization of Charity, by 
 Alexander Johnston, 8 pp. ; General Suggestions for the Treatment of Different 
 Classes of Cases, 8 pp.; What We ask Co-operating Societies to do for L's, and 
 What We are ready to do for Them, 2 pp. ; Friendly Visiting, by Mrs. James J. 
 Putnam, 8 pp.; The Savings Society, by Mrs. John H. Scribner, 8 pp.; The Church 
 in Charity, by Alexander John.ston, 8 pp.; The Elberfeld System, a reprint from 
 the Hospital, 8 pp.; Drunkards' Families, by Rev. W. F\ Slocum. 6 pp. ; Charity 
 Organization and the Church, by Rev. Henry Van Dyke, D.D. ; Report of Special 
 Committee on Immigration, by Professor Richmond M. Smith, 10 pp.; The Friendly 
 Side of Charity Organization, by Rev. E. Winchester Donald, D.D., 5 pp. ; How 
 Charity Organization helps the Pastors, by Rev. George Alexander, D.D. , 4 pp. ; 
 The Personal Element in Charity, by Rev. Alexander Mackay-Smith, D.D., 9 pp. ; 
 The Need of Nerve in Charity, reprint from Charity ( )rganizatiou Reporter of 
 London. 4 pp.; Economic and Moral Effects of Public Outdoor Relief, by Mrs. 
 C. R. Lowell. 11 pp. ; The Reform of Charity, by W. M. Salter, 8 pp. , Handbook 
 for Friendly Visitors, 88 pp., 16mo, paper 35 cents, cloth 50 cents. 
 
 Philadklphia. 
 
 Manual and Directory of Charities, 1879, 217 pp. ; Monthly Register, large quarto, 
 8 pp., now in its fourteenth year; Organization of Charity in Philadelphia, by D. O. 
 Kellogg, 16 pp. ; Suggestions to Ward Visitors, by Mrs. J. P. Lesley, 24 pp. ; The 
 Philadelphia Society for Organizing Charity, by Rev. W. PI. Hodge ; a number of 
 papers and essays now out of print. 
 
 Portland, Oregon. 
 Facts of Interest to You concerning the City Board of Charities. 
 
 San Francisco. 
 Monthly Circular of Information; various short papers. 
 
 Also, The Annual Reports of all the Charity Organization Societies in all the 
 leading cities and towns named in Appendix A.
 
 Appendix L. — Concluded. 
 
 The following, altliough not published by any of the Charity ( )rganization Soci- 
 eties, are much used and circulated among them : — 
 
 Annual Reports of the National ('onferences of Charities and Correction ; Annual 
 Reports of the State Hoards of Charities of the several States; Charity* )rganization 
 Review of the Loudon C.O.S., monthly; Children of the I'oor, by Jacob A. liiis 
 (Scribuer), 300 pp. ; Dangerous Chisses of New York, by Charles L. Brace, 1H72, 
 468 pp.; Edward Deui.son, M.l'., Letters, and Other Writings, by Sir Baldwyn 
 Leighton, 12mo, 303 pp., paper (Scribuer); How to help the I'oor, by Mrs. James T. 
 Fields, 125 pp. (Houghton. IMilHin & Co.); How the Other Half lives, by Jacob A. 
 Riia (Scribuer), 304 pp. ; Improved Dwellings for the Laboring Classes, by Alfred T. 
 White, 45 pp.; The Jukes, by R. S. Dugdale, 120 pp. (I'utnam); Lenda-Hand. 
 Monthly Magazine, by Rev. E. E. Hal*', D.D., Boston; Outdoor Relief and 
 Tramps, by Profes.sor Francis Wayland (New Haven); Public Relief and Private 
 Charity, by Mrs. C. R. Lowell, 1 II pp. (I'utnam) ; Report on Care of Dependent 
 Children iu New York, by Mrs. Charles 1\. Lowell, Commissioner New York State 
 Board of Charities, 77 pp.; Report on Outdoor Relief, by the same, 19 pp.; Re- 
 port on the Workhouse, New York City, by the same, 1 5 pp.
 
 APPENDIX M. 
 
 NECBOLOGICAL. 
 
 Boston. 
 
 Rt. Rev. Phillips Brooks, D.D., Mrs. James Lodge. Miss Mary Anne Waies 
 (Enriched from their estates) Sidney Bartlett, Moses Day, J. W. Estabrooks Mrs 
 Catharine C. Humphreys, Mrs. Mary M. McGregor. ' 
 
 Brooklyn. 
 Charles Pratt, George B. Buzelle. 
 
 Indianapolis. 
 Rev. Oscar C. McCulloch. 
 
 New Haven. 
 
 Ex-Governor Hobart B. Bigelow, Thomas P. Gibbons, Mrs. Walter Osborn, 
 Samuel G. Thorn, Samuel P. Wurts. (Enriched by their estates) Joshua C^oit 
 Matthew G. Elliott. 
 
 New York. 
 
 Mrs. John .Jacob Astor, Edgar S. Auchincloss, Jabez A. Bostwick, Benjamin G 
 Clark, Mrs. Cornelius Du Bois, Henry G. De Forest, Sidney Dillon, George B 
 Grinnell, Walter Hamlin, Rev. A. B. Hart, D.D., Robert B. Minturn, Cadwalader 
 E. ()gden, Frederick Prime, Alfred Roosevelt, C. V. S. Roosevelt, Charles I). 
 Scudder, M.D., John H. Sherwood, Lucius Tuckerman, S. O. Vander Poel, M.D., 
 Julius Wadsworth, Robert Winthrop, Rev. Curtiss T. Woodruff. (Enriched from' 
 their estates or by memorial funds) Miss Leonora S. Bolles, William Smith Brown, 
 Hector C. Havemeyer, Colles Johnston, Rev. C. W. Morrill. Mrs. Charles H. 
 Rogers, Benjamin Stern, Adam W. Spies, Sidney Speyer, Mrs. Elijah Ward, 
 Charles F. Woerishoffer. 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 H. Lenox Hodge, M.D. 
 
 Syracuse. 
 Mrs. Harriet A. Dunlap, Mrs. Sarah Judson, Rev. Ovid Miner.
 
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