LEO TOLSTOY LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALII-OftSVIA SAN CM EGO I J rfvate jC/6rary OF FRED W. DAVIS. No \ Pa 5 a \ii N ft ^ a— mri "the soldier, put the paper into the sleeve ok his coat. Book I. Chapter i. Frontispiece. Resurrection A NOVEL By Leo Tolstoy 4 1 C Author of 1° J ft "Anna Karenina," "War and Peace," etc. Translated by Mrs. Louise Maude With Illustrations by Pa sternak WW WWW WW wwwwwww WWWWWWW wwwwwww wwwwwww jftctu J3orfe DODD, MEAD & COMPANY I 900 Copyright, 1899, by Dodd, Mead & Company, and 1899, (as the "Awakening,") By John Brisben Walker. THE BURR PRINTING HOUSE, NEW YORK. ^ J^a/^fM TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE OPINIONS about Tolstoy and his work differ, but on one point there surely might be unanimity. A writer of world-wide reputation should be at least allowed to know how to spell his own name. Why should any one insist on spelling it " Tolstoi" (with one, two or three dots over the "i"), when he himself writes it "Tolstoy"? The only reason I have ever heard suggested is, that in England and America such outlandish views are attributed to him, that an outlandish spelling is desirable to match those views. This novel, written in the rough by Tolstoy some years ago and founded upon an actual occurrence, was completely rewritten by him during the last year and a half, and all the proceeds have been devoted by him to aiding the Doukho- bors, a sect who were persecuted in the Caucasus (especially from 1895 to 1898) for refusing to learn war. About seven thousand three hundred of them are settled in Canada, and about a hundred of the leaders are exiled to the remote parts of Siberia. Anything I may receive for my work in translating the book will go to the same cause. " Prevention is better than cure," and I would rather help people to abstain from killing and wounding each other than devote the money to patch up their wounds after the battle. LOUISE MAUDE. CONTENTS BOOK I CHAPTER PAGE I. Maslova in Prison i II. Maslova's Early Life 5 III. Nekhludoft. . .' 10 IV. Missy 15 V. The Jurymen • . • • 18 VI. The Judges 21 VII. The Officials of the Court 25 VIII. Swearing in the Jury 28 IX. The Trial— The Prisoners Questioned 31 X. The Trial — The Indictment ' 35 XL The Trial — Maslova Cross-examined 38 XII. Twelve Years Before 44 XIII. Life in the Armv 49 XIV. The Second Meeting with Maslova 53 XV. The Early Mass 57 XVI. The First Step 62 XVII. Nekhludoff and Katusha 65 XVIII. Afterwards 68 XIX. The Trial— Resumption 7 1 XX. The Trial— The Medical Report 74 XXI. The Trial— The Prosecutor and the Advocates. 78 XXII. The Trial— The Summing Up 83 XXIII. The Trial— The Verdict 86 XXIV. The Trial— The Sentence 94 XXV. Nekhludoff Consults an Advocate 97 XXVI. The House of Korchagin 99 XXVII. Missy's Mother 104 XXVIII. The Awakening 109 vi Contents CHAPTER PAGE XXIX. Maslova in Prison 115 XXX. The Cell 119 XXXI. The Prisoners 122 XXXII. A Prison Quarrel 125 XXXIII. The Leaven at Work— Nekhludoff's Do- mestic Changes 129 XXXIV. The Absurdity of Law — Reflections of a Juryman 133 XXXV. The Procureur— Nekhludoff Refuses to Serve . 138 XXXVI. Nekhludoff Endeavours to Visit Maslova. . 141 XXXVII. Maslova Recalls the Past 144 XXXVIII. Sunday in Prison — Preparing- for Mass . . 148 XXXIX. The Prison Church — Blind Leaders of the Blind 151 XL. The Husks of Religion 155 XLI. Visiting Day— The Men's Ward 158 XLII. Visiting Dav — The Women's Ward 163 XLIII. Nekhludoff Visits Maslova. 166 XLIV. Maslova's View of Life 172 XLV. Fanarin, the Advocate — The Petition 175 XLVI. A Prison Flogging 181 XLVII. Nekhludoff Again Visits Maslova 184 XLVIII. Maslova Refuses to Marry 187 XLIX. Vera Doukhova 191 L. The Vice-Governor of the Prison kj4 LI. The Cells 198 LII. No. 21 201 LIII. Victims of Government 204 LIV. Prisoners and Friends 207 LV. Vera Doukhova Explains 210 LVI. Nekhludoff and the Prisoners 213 LVII. The Vice-Governor's " At-Home " 216 LVIII. The Vice-Governor Suspicious 220 LIX. Nekhludoff's Third Interview with Maslova in Prison 223 BOOK II I. Property in Land 229 II. Efforts at Land Restoration 235 Contents vii CHAPTER PAGE III. Old Associations 239 IV. The Peasants' Lot 242 V. Maslova's Aunt 246 VI. Reflections of a Landlord 250 VII. The Disinherited . 256 VIII. God's Peace in the Heart 260 IX. The Land Settlement 263 X. Nekhludoff Returns to Town 269 XL An Advocate's View on Judges and Prosecutors. 274 XII. Why the Peasants Flock to Town 277 XIII. Nurse Maslova 280 XIV. An Aristocratic Circle 286 XV. An Average Statesman 292 XVI. An Up-to-date Senator 297 XVII. Countess Katerina Ivanovna's Dinner Party.. 301 XVIII. Officialdom '. . . 304 XIX. An Old General of Repute 308 XX. Maslova's Appeal 314 XXI. The Appeal Dismissed 318 XXII. An Old Friend 322 XXIII. The Public Prosecutor 325 XXIV. Mariette Tempts Nekhludoff 329 XXV. Lydia Shoustova's Home 336 XXVI. Lydia's Aunt 341 XXVII. The State Church and the People 343 XXVIII. The Meaning of Mariette's Attraction 349 XXIX. " For Her Sake and for God's " 353 XXX. The Astonishing Institution Called Criminal Law 359 XXXI. Nekhludoff's Sister and Her Husband 364 XXXII. Nekhludoff's Anarchism 367 XXXIII. The Aim of the Law 372 XXXIV. The Prisoners Start for Siberia 376 XXXV. ' Not Men but Strange and Terrible Crea- tures ? " 381 XXXVI. The Tender Mercies of the Lord 385 XXXVII. ' Spilled Like Water on the Ground "."... 390 XXXVIII. The Convict Train 395 XXXIX. Brother and Sister 399 XL. The Fundamental Law of Human Life 404 XLI. Taras's Story 408 XLII. Le Vrai Grand Monde 414 viii Contents BOOK III CHAPTER PAGE I. Maslova Makes New Friends 421 II. An Incident of the March 424 III. Mary Pavlovna 427 IV. Simonson 430 V. The Political Prisoners 433 VI. KryltzofFs Story 437 VII. Nekhludoff Seeks an Interview with Maslova. . . 441 VIII. Nekhludofr and the Officer 444 IX. The Political Prisoners 448 X. Makar Devkin 45 1 XI. Maslova and Her Companions 453 XII. Nabatoff and Markel 457 XIII. Love Affairs of the Exiles 462 XIV. Conversations in Prison 465 XV. Novodvoroff 468 XVI. Simonson Speaks to Nekhludoff 470 XVII. " I Have Nothing More to Say " 474 XVIII. NeverofFs Fate 477 XIX. " Why Is It Done? " ' 480 XX. The lournev Resumed 485 XXI. " fust a Worthless Tramp " 489 XXII. Nekhludoff Sees the General 492 XXIII. The Sentence Commuted 495 XXIV. The General's Household 500 XXV. Maslova's Decision 505 XXVI. The English Visitor 509 XXVII. Kryltzoff at Rest 511 XXVIII. A New Life Dawns for Nekhludoff 514 CHARACTERS IN THE NOVEL. Prince Dmitri Ivanovitch Nekhludoff (Mitinka). Katerina Mikhaelovna Maslova (Katusha, Lubov, Lubka). Simon Michaelovitch Kartinkin, | Prisoners in Euphemia Ivanovna Botchkova, f the Court. Carolina Albertovna Kitaeva (Brothel-keeper). Merchant Theropont Emilianovitcii Smelkoff (deceased). Sophia Ivanovna, ) . _ . , , , . „, A ,„- T , r JN 'ekhludorr s Aunts. Mary Ivanovna, ) Matron a Pavlovna, ) , . r~, r their Servants. Tikhon, ) Agraphena Petrovna, I , T , , , , , _., _ ~ , r JNekhludort s Servants. CORNEY, ) Peter Gerasimovitch (one of the Jury). Korableva (Maslova's Fellow-prisoner). Prince Korchagin. Princess Sophia Vasilievna Korchagin. Princess Mary Korchagin (Missy). ' Then came Peter and said to Him, Lord, how oft shall my brother sin against me and I forgive him? Until seven times? Jesus saith unto him, I say not unto thee, Until seven times; but Until seventy times seven." — Matt, xviii., 21-22. " And why beholdest thou the mote in thy brother's eye, but con- siderest not the beam that is in thine own eye? " — Matt, vii., 3. " He that is without sin among you, let him first cast a stone at her." — John viii., 7. * The disciple is not above his master, but every one when he is perfected shall be as his master." — Luke vi., 40. Book I RESURRECTION CHAPTER I. MASLOVA IN PRISON. Though hundreds of thousands had done their very best to disfigure the small piece of land on which they were crowded together, by paving the ground with stones, scraping away every vestige of vegetation, cutting down the trees, turning away birds and beasts, and filling the air with the smoke of naphtha and coal, still spring was spring, even in the town. The sun shone warm, the air was balmy ; everywhere, where it did not get scraped away, the grass revived and sprang up between the paving-stones as well as on the narrow strips of lawn on the boulevards. The birches, the poplars, and the wild cherry unfolded their gummy and fragrant leaves, the limes were expanding their opening buds ; crows, sparrows, and pigeons, filled with the joy of spring, were getting their nests ready ; the flies were buz- zing along the walls, warmed by the sunshine. All were glad, the plants, the birds, the insects, and the children. But men, grown-up men and women, did not leave off cheating and tormenting themselves and each other. It was not this spring morning men thought sacred and worthy of consideration, not the beauty of God's world, given for a joy to all creatures, this beauty which inclines the heart to peace, to harmony, and to love, but only their own devices for enslaving one another. Thus, in the prison office of the Government town, it was not the fact that men and animals had received the grace and gladness of spring that was considered sacred and important, but that a notice, numbered and with a super- scription, had come the day before, ordering that on this 28th day of April, at 9 a.m., three prisoners at present 2 Resurrection detained in the prison, a man and two women (One of these women, as the chief criminal, to be conducted separately), had to appear at Court. So now, on the 28th of April, at 8 o'clock, a jailer and soon after him a woman warder with curly grey hair, dressed in a jacket with sleeves trimmed with gold, with a blue-edged belt round her waist, and having a look of suffering on her face, came into the cor- ridor. " You want Maslova? " she asked, coming up to the cell with the jailer who was on duty. The jailer, rattling the iron padlock, opened the door of the cell, from which there came a whiff of air fouler even than that in the corridor, and called out, " Maslova ! to the Court," and closed the door again. Even into the prison yard the breeze had brought the fresh vivifying air from the fields. But in the corridor the air was laden with the germs of typhoid, the smell of sewage, putrefaction, and tar ; every newcomer felt sad and dejected in it. The woman warder felt this, though she was used to bad air. She had just come in from outside, and entering the corridor, she at once became sleepy. From inside the cell came the sound of bustle and women's voices, and the patter of bare feet on the floor. : ' Now, then, hurry up, Maslova, I say ! " called out the jailer, and in a minute or two a small young woman with a very full bust came briskly out of the door and went up to the jailer. She had on a grey cloak over a white jacket and petticoat. On her feet she wore linen stockings and prison shoes, and round her head was tied a white kerchief, from under which a few locks of black hair were brushed over the forehead with evident intent. The face of the woman was of that whiteness peculiar to people who have lived long in confinement, and which puts one in mind of shoots of potatoes that spring up in a cellar. Her small broad hands and full neck, which showed from under the broad collar of her cloak, were of the same hue. Her black, sparkling eyes, one with a slight squint, appeared in strik- ing contrast to the dull pallor of her face. She carried herself very straight, expanding her full bosom. With her head slightly thrown back, she stood in the corridor, looking straight into the eyes of the jailer, ready to comply with any order. - > < S3 u a! a u o o S « 2 w I Resurrection 3 The jailer was about to lock the door when a wrinkled and severe-looking old woman put out her grey head and began speaking to Maslova. But the jailer closed the door, pushing the old woman's head with it. A woman's laughter was heard from the cell, and Maslova smiled, turning to the little grated opening in the cell door. The old woman pressed her face to the grating from the other side, and said, in a hoarse voice : ' Now mind, and when they begin questioning you, just repeat over the same thing, and stick to it; tell nothing that is not wanted." ' Well, it could not be worse than it is now, anyhow ; I only wish it was settled one way or another." " Of course, it will be settled one way or another," said the jailer, with a superior's self-assured witticism. " Now, then, get along! Take your places! " The old woman's eyes vanished from the grating, and Maslova stepped out into the middle of the corridor. The warder in front, they descended the stone stairs, past the still fouler, noisy cells of the men's ward, where they were followed by eyes looking out of every one of the gratings in the doors, and entered the office, where two soldiers were waiting to escort her. A clerk who was sitting there gave one of the soldiers a paper reeking of tobacco, and pointing to the prisoner, remarked, " Take her." The soldier, a peasant from Nijni Novgorod, with a red, pock-marked face, put the paper into the sleeve of his coat, winked to his companion, a broad-shouldered Tchouvash, and then the prisoner and the soldiers went to the front entrance, out of the prison yard, and through the town up the middle of the roughly-paved street. Isrostciiiks* tradespeople, cooks, workmen, and gov- ernment clerks, stopped and looked curiously at the pris- oner; some shook their heads and thought, ''This is what evil conduct, conduct unlike ours, leads to." The children stopped and gazed at the robber with frightened looks ; but the thought that the soldiers were preventing her from doing more harm quieted their fears. A peasant, who had sold his charcoal, and had had some tea in the town, came up, and, after crossing himself, gave her a copeck. The prisoner blushed and muttered something ; she noticed that she was attracting everybody's attention, and that pleased *Isvostch ik — cabman. 4 Resurrection her. The comparatively fresh air also gladdened her, but it was painful to step on the rough stones with the ill-made prison shoes on her feet, which had become unused to walking. Passing by a corn-dealer's shop, in front of which a few pigeons were strutting about, unmolested by any one, the prisoner almost touched a grey-blue bird with her foot ; it fluttered up and flew close to her ear, fanning her with its wings. She smiled, then sighed deeply as she remem- bered her present position. Resurrection CHAPTER II. maslova's early life. The story of the prisoner Maslova's life was a very com- mon one. Maslova's mother was the unmarried daughter of a vil- lage woman, employed on a dairy farm, which belonged to two maiden ladies who were landowners. This unmarried woman had a baby every year, and, as often happens among the village people, each one of these undesired babies, after it had been carefully baptised, was neglected by its mother, whom it hindered at her work, and left to starve. Five children had died in this way. They had all been baptised and then not sufficiently fed, and just left to die. The sixth baby, whose father was a gipsy tramp, would have shared the same fate, had it not so happened that one of the maiden ladies came into the farmyard to scold the dairymaids for sending up cream that smelt of the cow. The young woman was lying in the cowshed, with a fine, healthy, new-born baby. The old maiden lady scolded the maids again for allowing the woman (who had just been confined) to lie in the cowshed, and was about to go away, but seeing the baby her heart was touched, and she offered to stand godmother to the little girl, and pity for her little god-daughter induced her to give milk and a little money to the mother, so that she should feed the baby ; and the little girl lived. The old ladies spoke of her as " the saved one." When the child was three years old, her mother fell ill and died, and the maiden ladies took the child from her old grandmother, to whom she was nothing but a burden. The little black-eyed maiden grew to be extremely pretty, and so full of spirits that the ladies found her very entertaining. The younger of the ladies, Sophia Ivanovna, who had stood godmother to the girl, had the kinder heart of the two sisters; Maria Ivanovna, the elder, was rather hard. 6 Resurrection Sophia Ivanovna dressed the little girl in nice clothes, and taught her to read and write, meaning to educate her like a lady. Maria Ivanovna thought the child should be brought up to work, and trained her to be a good servant. She was exacting; she punished, and, when in a bad tem- per, even struck the little girl. Growing up under these two different influences, the girl turned out half servant, half young lady. They called her Katusha, which sounds less refined than Katinka, but is not quite so common as Katka. She used to sew, tidy up the rooms, polish the metal cases of the icons, and do other light work, and sometimes she sat and read to the ladies. Though she had more than one offer, she would not marry. She felt that life as the wife of any of the working men who were courting her would be too hard ; spoilt as she was by a life of ease. She lived in this manner till she was sixteen, when the nephew of the old ladies, a rich young prince, and a univer- sity student, came to stay with his aunts, and Katusha, not daring to acknowledge it even to herself, fell in love with him. Then two years later this same nephew stayed four days with his aunts before proceeding to join his regiment, and the night before he left he betrayed Katusha, and, after giving her a ioo- rouble note, went away. Five months later she knew for certain that she was to be a mother. After that everything seemed repugnant to her, her only thought being how to escape from the shame that awaited her. She began not only to serve the ladies in a half- hearted and negligent way, but once, without knowing how it happened, was very rude to them, and gave them notice, a thing she repented of later, and the ladies let her go, noticing something wrong and very dissatisfied with her. Then she got a housemaid's place in a police-officers house, but stayed there only three months, for the police- officer, a man of fifty, began to torment her, and once, when he was in a specially enterprising mood, she fired up, called him " a fool and old devil," and gave him such a knock in the chest that he fell. She was turned out for her rude- ness. It was useless to look for another situation, for the time of her confinement was drawing near, so she went to the house of a village midwife, who also sold wine. The confinement was easv ; but the midwife, who had a case of Resurrection 7 fever in the village, infected Katusha, and her baby boy had to be sent to the foundlings' hospital, where, according to the words of the old woman who took him there, he at once died. When Katusha went to the midwife she had 127 roubles in all, 27 which she had earned and 100 given her by her betrayer. When she left she had but six roubles ; she did not know how to keep money, but spent it on herself, and gave to all who asked. The midwife took 40 roubles for two months' board and attendance, 25 went to get the baby into the foundlings' hospital, and 40 the midwife borrowed to buy a cow with. Twenty roubles went just for clothes and dainties. Having nothing left to live on, Katusha had to look out for a place again, and found one in the house of a forester. The forester was a married man, but he, too, began to annoy her from the first day. He disgusted her, and she tried to avoid him. But he, more experienced and cunning, besides being her master, who could send her wherever he liked, managed to accom- plish his object. His wife found it out, and, catching Katusha and her husband in a room all by themselves, began beating her. Katusha defended herself, and they had a fight, and Katusha got turned out of the house with- out being paid her wages. Then Katusha went to live with her aunt in town. The aunt's husband, a bookbinder, had once been comfortably off, but had lost all his customers, and had taken to drink, and spent all he could lay hands on at the public-house. The aunt kept a little laundry, and managed to support, herself, her children, and her wretched husband. She offered Katusha the place of an assistant laundress ; but seeing what a life of misery and hardship her aunt's assist- ants led, Katusha hesitated, and applied to a registry office for a place. One was found for her with a lady who lived with her two sons, pupils at a public day school. A week after Katusha had entered the house the elder, a big fellow with moustaches, threw up his studies and made love to her, continually following her about. His mother laid all the blame on Katusha, and gave her notice. It so happened that, after many fruitless attempts to find a situation, Katusha again went to the registry office, and there met a woman with bracelets on her bare, plump arms and rings on most of her fingers. Hearing that Katusha was badly in want of a place, the woman gave her her 8 Resurrection address, and invited her to come to her house. Katusha went. The woman received her' very kindly, set cake and sweet wine before her, then wrote a note and gave it to a servant to take to somebody. In the evening a tall man, with long, grey hair and a white beard, entered the room, and sat down at once near Katusha, smiling and gazing at her with glistening eyes. He began joking with her. The hostess called him away into the next room, and Katusha heard her say, " A fresh one from the country." Then the hostess called Katusha aside and told her that the man was an author, and that he had a great deal of money, and that if he liked her he would not grudge her anything. He did like her, and gave her 25 roubles, promising to see her often. The 25 roubles soon went ; some she paid to her aunt for board and lodging; the rest was spent on a hat, ribbons, and such like. A few days later the author sent for her, and she went. He gave her another 25 roubles, and offered her a separate lodging. Next door to the lodging rented for her by the author there lived a jolly young shopman, with whom Katusha soon fell in love. She told the author, and moved to a little lodging of her own. The shopman, who promised to marry her, went to Nijni on business without mentioning it to her, having evidently thrown her up, and Katusha remained alone. She meant to continue living in the lodg- ing by herself, but was informed by the police that in this case she would have to get a license. She returned to her aunt. Seeing her fine dress, her hat, and mantle, her aunt no longer offered her laundry work. As she understood things, her niece had risen above that sort of thing. The question as to whether she was to become a laundress or not did not occur to Katusha, either. She looked with pity at the thin, hard-worked laundresses, some already in con- sumption, who stood washing or ironing with their thin arms in the fearfully hot front room, which was alwavs full of soapy steam and draughts from the windows, and thought with horror that she might have shared the same fate. Katusha had begun to smoke some time before, and since the young shopman had thrown her up she was get- ting more and more into the habit of drinking. It was not so much the flavour of wine that tempted her as the fact that it gave her a chance of forgetting the misery she Resurrection 9 suffered, making her feel more unrestrained and more confident of her own worth, which she was not when quite sober; without wine she felt sad and ashamed. Just at this time a woman came along who offered to place her in one of the largest establishments in the city, explaining all the advantages and benefits of the situation. Katusha had the choice before her of either going into service or accepting this offer — and she chose the latter. Besides, it seemed to her as though, in this way, she could revenge herself on her betrayer and the shopman and all those who had injured her. One of the things that tempted her, and was the cause of her decision, was the woman telling her she might order her own dresses — velvet, silk, satin, low-necked ball dresses, anything she liked. A mental picture of herself in a bright yellow silk trimmed with black velvet with low neck and short sleeves conquered her, and she gave up her passport. On the same evening the procuress took an isvostchik and drove her to the notorious house kept by Carolina Alber- tovna Kitaeva. From that day a life of chronic sin against human and divine laws commenced for Katusha Maslova, a life which is led by hundreds of thousands of women, and which is not merely tolerated but sanctioned by the Government, anxious for the welfare of its subjects ; a life which for nine women out of ten ends in painful disease, premature de- crepitude, and death. Katusha Maslova lived this life for seven years. During these years she twice changed houses, and had once been to the hospital. In the seventh year of this life, when she was twenty-six years old, happened that for which she was put in prison and for which she was now being taken to be tried, after more than three months of confinement with thieves and murderers in the stifling air of a prison. io Resurrection CHAPTER III. NEKHLUDOFF. When Maslova, wearied out by the long walk, reached the building, accompanied by two soldiers, Prince Dmitri Ivanovitch Nekhludoff, who had seduced her, was still lying on his high bedstead, with a feather bed on the top of the spring mattress, in a fine, clean, well-ironed linen night shirt, smoking a cigarette, and considering what he had to do to-day, and what had happened yesterday. Recalling the evening he had spent with the Korchagins, a wealthy and aristocratic family, whose daughter every one expected he would marry, he sighed, and, throwing away the end of his cigarette, was going to take another out of the silver case ; but, changing his mind, he reso- lutely raised his solid frame, and, putting down his smooth, white legs, stepped into his slippers, threw his silk dressing gown over his broad shoulders, and passed into his dress- ing-room, walking heavily and quickly. There he carefully cleaned his teeth, many of which were filled, with tooth powder, and rinsed his mouth with scented elixir. After that he washed his hands with perfumed soap, cleaned his long nails with particular care, then, from a tap fixed to his marble washstand, he let a spray of cold water run over his face and stout neck. Having finished this part of the business, he went into a third room, where a shower bath stood ready for him. Having refreshed his full, white, muscular body, and dried it with a rough bath sheet, he put on his fine undergarments and his boots, and sat down before the glass to brush his black beard and his curly hair, that had begun to get thin above the forehead. Everything he used, everything belonging to his toilet, his linen, his clothes, boots, necktie, pin, studs, was of the best quality, very quiet, simple, durable and costly. Nekhludoff dressed leisurely, and went into the dining- a si < O V < o V. « o (T *H J- 0) P. Q d -< ,c w O o S 15 Resurrection 1 1 room. A table, which looked very imposing with its four legs carved in the shape of lions' paws, and a huge side- board to match, stood in the oblong room, the floor of which had been polished by three men the day before. On the table, which was covered with a fine, starched cloth, stood a silver coffeepot full of aromatic coffee, a sugar basin, a jug of fresh cream, and a bread basket filled with fresh rolls, rusks, and biscuits ; and beside the plate lay the last number of the Revue ties Deux Mondcs, a newspaper, and several letters. Nekhludoff was just going to open his letters, when a stout, middle-aged woman in mourning, a lace cap covering the widening parting of her hair, glided into the room. This was Agraphena Petrovna, formerly lady's maid to Nekhludoff's mother. Her mistress had died quite recently in this very house, and she remained with the son as his housekeeper. Agraphena Petrovna had spent nearly ten years, at different times, abroad with Nekhludoff's mother, and had the appearance and manners of a lady. She had lived with the Nekhludoff's from the time she was a child, and had known Dmitri Ivanovitch at the time when he was still little Mitinka. " Good-morning, Dmitri Ivanovitch." " Good-morning, Agraphena Petrovna. What is it you want?" Nekhludoff asked. " A letter from the princess ; either from the mother or the daughter. The maid brought it some time ago, and is waiting in my room," answered Agraphena Petrovna, handing him the letter with a significant smile. " All right ! Directly ! " said Nekhludoff, taking the letter and frowning as he noticed Agraphena Petrovna's smile. That smile meant that the letter was from the younger Princess Korchagin, whom Agraphena Petrovna expected him to marry. This supposition of hers annoyed Nekhlu- doff. Then I'll tell her to wait?" and Agraphena Petrovna took a crumb brush which was not in its place, put it away, and sailed out of the room. Nekhludoff opened the perfumed note, and began read- ing it. The note was written on a sheet of thick grey paper, with rough edges ; the writing looked English. It said : 1 2 Resurrection Having assumed the task of acting as your memory, I take the liberty of reminding you that on this the 28th day of April you have to appear at the Law Courts, as juryman, and, in consequence, can on no account accompany us and Kolosoff to the picture gallery, as, with your habitual flightiness, you promised yesterday ; d moins que vous ne soyez dispose a payer la cour d'assise les 300 roubles d' amende que vous vous refusez pour votre cheval, for not appear- ing in time. I remembered it last night after you were gone, so do not forget Princess M. Korchagin. On the other side was a postscript. M avian vous fait dire que votre couvert vous attendra jusqu'a la nuit. Venez absolument a quelle heure que cela soit. M. K. Nekhludoff made a grimace. This note was a continua- tion of that skilful manoeuvring which the Princess Kor- chagin had already practised for two months in order to bind him closer and closer with invisible threads. And yet, beside the usual hesitation of men past their youth to marry unless they are very much in love, Nekhludoff had very good reasons why, even if he did make up his mind to it, he could not propose at once. It was not that ten years previously he had betrayed and forsaken Mas- lova ; he had quite forgotten that, and he would not have considered it a reason for not marrying. No ! The reason was that he had a liaison with a married woman, and, though he considered it broken off, she did not. Nekhludoff was rather shy with women, and his very shyness awakened in this married woman, the unprincipled wife of the marechal de noblesse of a district where Nekhlu- doff was present at an election, the desire of vanquishing him. This woman drew him into an intimacy which entan- gled him more and more, while it daily became more distasteful to him. Having succumbed to the temptation, Nekhludoff felt guilty, and had not the courage to break the tie without her consent. And this was the reason he did not feel at liberty to propose to Korchagin even if he had wished to do so. Among the letters on the table was one from this woman's husband. Seeing his writing and the postmark, Nekhludoff flushed, and felt his energies awak- ening, as they always did when he was facing any kind of danger. But his excitement passed at once. The marechal de Resurrection 1 3 noblesse, of the district in which his largest estate lay, wrote only to let Nekhludoff know that there was to be a special meeting towards the end of May, and that Nekhludoff was to be sure and come to " donne'r un coup d'cpaulc," at the important debates concerning the schools and the roads, as a strong opposition by the reactionary party was expected. The marcchal was a liberal, and was quite engrossed in this fight, not even noticing the misfortune that had befallen him. Nekhludoff remembered the dreadful moments he had lived through ; once when he thought that the husband had found him out and was going to challenge him, and he was making up his mind to fire into the air ; also the terri- ble scene he had with her when she ran out into the park, and in her excitement tried to drown herself in the pond. ' Well, I cannot go now, and can do nothing until I get a reply from her," thought Nekhludoff. A week ago he had written her a decisive letter, in which he acknowl- edged his guilt, and his readiness to atone for it ; but at the same time he pronounced their relations to be at an end, for her own good, as he expressed it. To this letter he had as yet received no answer. This might prove a good sign, for if she did not agree to break off their rela- tions, she would have written at once, or even come herself, as she had done before. Nekhludoff had heard that there was some officer who was paying her marked attention, and this tormented him by awakening jealousy, and at the same time encouraged him with the hope of escape from the deception that was oppressing him. The other letter was from his steward. The steward wrote to tell him that a visit to his estates was necessary in order to enter into possession, and also to decide about the further management of his lands ; whether it was to continue in the same way as when his mother was alive, or whether, as he had represented to the late lamented princess, and now advised the young prince, they had not better increase their stock and farm all the land now rented by the peasants themselves. The steward wrote that this would be a far more profitable way of managing the property ; at the same time, he apologised for not having forwarded the 3,000 roubles income due on the 1st. This money would be sent on by the next mail. The reason for 14 Resurrection the delay was that he could not get the money out of th^ peasants, who had grown so untrustworthy that he had to appeal to the authorities. This letter was partly disagree- able, and partly pleasant. It was pleasant to feel that he had power over so large a property, and yet disagreeable, because Nekhludoff had been an enthusiastic admirer of Henry George and Herbert Spencer. Being himself heir to a large property, he was especially struck by the position taken up by Spencer in Social Statics, that justice for- bids private landholding, and with the straightforward res- oluteness of his age, had not merely spoken to prove that land could not be looked upon as private property, and writ- ten essays on that subject at the university, but had acted up to his convictions, and, considering it wrong to hold landed property, had given the small piece of land he had inherited from his father to the peasants. Inheriting his mother's large estates, and thus becoming a landed proprietor, he had to choose one of two things : either to give up his property, as he had given up his father's land ten years before, or silently to confess that all his former ideas were mistaken and false. He could not choose the former because he had no means but the landed estates (he did not care to serve) ; moreover, he had formed luxurious habits which he could not easily give up. Besides, he had no longer the same inducements ; his strong convictions, the resoluteness of youth, and the ambitious desire to do something unusual were gone. As to the second course, that of denying those clear and unanswerable proofs of the injustice of land- holding, which he had drawn from Spencer's Social Statics, and the brilliant corroboration of which he had at a later period found in the works of Henry George, such a course was impossible to him. Resurrection 1 5 CHAPTER IV. MISSY. When Nekhludoff had finished his coffee, he went to his study to look at the summons, and find out what time he was to appear at the court, before writing his answer to the princess. Passing through his studio, where a few studies hung on the walls and, facing the easel, stood an unfinished picture, a feeling of inability to advance in art, a sense of his incapacity, came over him. He had often had this feeling, of late, and explained it by his too finely-developed aesthetic taste ; still, the feeling was a very unpleasant one. Seven years before this he had given up military service, feeling sure that he had a talent for art, and had looked down with some disdain at all other activity from the height of his artistic standpoint. And now it turned out that he had no right to do so, and therefore everything that reminded him of all this was unpleasant. He looked at the luxurious fittings of the studio with a heavy heart, and it was in no cheerful mood that he entered his study, a large, lofty room fitted up with a view to comfort, convenience, and elegant appearance. He found the summons at once in a pigeon hole, labelled " immediate," of his large writing table. He had to appear at the court at 1 1 o'clock. Nekhludoff sat down to write a note in reply to the princess, thanking her for the invitation, and promising to try and come to dinner. Having written one note, he tore it up, as it seemed too intimate. He wrote another, but it was too cold ; he feared it might give offence, so he tore it up, too. He pressed the button of an electric bell, and his servant, an elderly, morose-looking man, with whiskers and shaved chin and lip, wearing a grey cotton apron, entered at the door. " Send to fetch an isvostchik, please." " Yes, sir." "And tell the person who is waiting that I send thanks for the invitation, and shall try to come." 1 6 Resurrection " Yes, sir." ' It is not very polite, but I can't write ; no matter, I shall see her to-day," thought Nekhludoff, and went to get his overcoat. When he came out of the house, an isvostchik he knew, with india-rubber tires to his trap, was at the door waiting for him. ' You had hardly gone away from Prince Kor- chagin's yesterday," he said, turning half round, " when I drove up, and the Swiss at the door says, ' just gone.' ' The isvostchik knew that Nekhludoff visited at the Kor- chagins, and called there on the chance of being engaged by him. " Even the isvostchiks know of my relations with the Korchagins," thought Nekhludoff, and again the question whether he should not marry Princess Korchagin pre- sented itself to him, and he could not decide it either way, any more than most of the questions that arose in his mind at this time. It was in favour of marriage in general, that besides the comforts of hearth and home, it made a moral life possible, and chiefly that a family would, so Nekhludoff thought, give an aim to his now empty life. Against marriage in general was the fear, common to bachelors past their first youth, of losing freedom, and an unconscious awe before this mysterious creature, a woman. In this particular case, in favour of marrying Missy (her name was Mary, but, as is usual among a certain set, a nickname had been given her) was that she came of good family, and differed in everything, manner of speaking, walking, laughing, from the common people, not by any- thing exceptional, but by her " good breeding " — he could find no other term for this quality, though he prized it very highly — and, besides, she thought more of him than of anybody else, therefore evidently understood him. This understanding of him, i.e., the recognition of his superior merits, was to Nekhludoff a proof of her good sense and correct judgment. Against marrying Missy in particular, was, that in all likelihood, a girl with even higher qualities could be found, that she was already 2J, and that he was hardly her first love. This last idea was painful to him. His pride would not reconcile itself with the thought that she had loved some one else, even in the past. Of course, she could not have known that she should meet him, but the Resurrection 1 7 thought that she was capable of loving another offended him. So that he had as many reasons for marrying as against it ; at any rate, they weighed equally with Nekhludoff, who laughed at himself, and called himself the ass of the fable, remaining like that animal undecided which haycock to turn to. " At any rate, before I get an answer from Mary Vasi- lievna (the marcchal's wife), and finish completely with her, I can do nothing," he said to himself. And the conviction that he might, and was even obliged, to delay his decision, was comforting. " Well, I shall consider all that later on," he said to himself, as the trap drove silently along the asphalt pavement up to the doors of the Court. ' Now I must fulfil my public duties conscientiously, as I am in the habit of always doing, and as I consider it right to do. Besides, they are often interesting." And he entered the hall of the Law Courts, past the doorkeeper. 1 8 Resurrection CHAPTER V. THE JURYMEN. The corridors of the Court were already full of activity. The attendants hurried, out of breath, dragging their feet along the ground without lifting them, backwards and for- wards, with all sorts of messages and papers. Ushers, advocates, and law officers passed hither and thither. Plaintiffs, and those of the accused who were not guarded, wandered sadly along the walls or sat waiting. " Where is the Law Court? " Nekhludoff asked of an at- tendant. "Which? There is the Civil Court and the Criminal Court." " I am on the jury." " The Criminal Court you should have said. Here to the right, then to the left — the second door." Nekhludoff followed the direction. Meanwhile some of the Criminal Court jurymen who were late had hurriedly passed into a separate room. At the door mentioned two men stood waiting. One, a tall, fat merchant, a kind-hearted fellow, had evi- dently partaken of some refreshments and a glass of some- thing, and was in most pleasant spirits. The other was a shopman of Jewish extraction. They were talking about the price of wool when Nekhludoff came up and asked them if this was the jurymen's room. " Yes, my dear sir, this is it. One of us? On the jury, are you?" asked the merchant, with a merry wink. " Ah, well, we shall have a go at the work together," he continued, after Nekhludoff had answered in the affirma- tive. " My name is Baklasheff, merchant of the Second Guild," he said, putting out his broad, soft, flexible hand. " With whom have I the honour? " Nekhludoff gave his name and passed into the jurymen's room. Resurrection 19 Inside the room were about ten persons of all sorts. They had come but a short while ago, and some were sit- ting, others walking up and down, looking at each other, and making each other's acquaintance. There was a re- tired colonel in uniform; some were in frock coats, others in morning coats, and only one wore a peasant's dress. Their faces all had a certain look of satisfaction at the prospect of fulfilling a public duty, although many of them had had to leave their businesses, and most were complain- ing of it. The jurymen talked among themselves about the weather, the early spring, and the business before them, some having been introduced, others just guessing who was who. Those who were not acquainted with Nekhlu- doff made haste to get introduced, evidently looking upon this as an honour, and he taking it as his due, as he always did when among strangers. Had he been asked why he considered himself above the majority of people, he could not have given an answer ; the life he had been living of late was not particularly meritorious. The fact of his speaking English, French, and German with a good accent, and of his wearing the best linen, clothes, ties, and studs, bought from the most expensive dealers in these goods, he quite knew would not serve as a reason for claiming supe- riority. At the same time he did claim superiority, and ac- cepted the respect paid him as his due, and was hurt if he did not get it. In the jurymen's room his feelings were hurt by disrespectful treatment. Among the jury there happened to be a man whom he knew, a former teacher of his sister's children, Peter Gerasimovitch. Nekhludoff never knew his surname, and even bragged a bit about this. This man was now a master at a public school. Nekhludoff could not stand his familiarity, his self-satisfied laughter, his vulgarity, in short. " Ah ha ! You're also trapped." These were the words, accompanied with boisterous laughter, with which Peter Gerasimovitch greeted Nekhludoff. " Have you net man- aged to get out of it? " " I never meant to get out of it," replied Nekhludoff, gloomily, and in a tone of severity. " Well, I call this being public spirited. But just wait until you get hungry or sleepy ; you'll sing to another tune then." 20 Resurrection " This son of a priest will be saying ' thou '* to me next," thought Nekhludoff, and walked away, with such a look of sadness on his face, as might have been natural if he had just heard of the death of all his relations. He came up to a group that had formed itself round a clean-shaven, tall, dignified man, who was recounting something with great animation. This man was talking about the trial going on in the Civil Court as of a case well known to himself, men- tioning the judges and a celebrated advocate by name. He was saying that it seemed wonderful how the celebrated advocate had managed to give such a clever turn to the affair that an old lady, though she had the right on her side, would have to pay a large sum to her opponent. ' The advocate is a genius," he said. The listeners heard it all with respectful attention, and several of them tried to put in a word, but the man inter- rupted them, as if he alone knew all about it. Though Nekhludoff had arrived late, he had to wait a long time. One of the members of the Court had not yet come, and everybody was kept waiting. *In Russian, as in many other languages, "thou" is used gener- ally among people very familiar with each other, or by superiors to inferiors. Resurrection 2 1 CHAPTER VI. THE JUDGES. The president, who had to take the chair, had arrived early. The president was a tall, stout man, with long grey whiskers. Though married, he led a very loose life, and his wife did the same, so they did not stand in each other's way. This morning he had received a note from a Swiss girl, who had formerly been a governess in his house, and who was now on her way from South Russia to St. Petersburg. She wrote that she would wait for him between five and six p.m. in the Hotel Italia. This made him wish to begin and get through the sitting as soon as possible, so as to have time to call before six p.m. on the little red-haired Clara Vasilievna, with whom he had begun a romance in the country last summer. He went into a private room, latched the door, took a pair of dumb-bells out of a cupboard, moved his arms 20 times upwards, downwards, forwards, and sideways, then holding the dumb-bells above his head, lightly bent his knees three times. " Nothing keeps one going like a cold bath and exer- cise," he said, feeling the biceps of his right arm with his left hand, on the third finger of which he wore a gold ring. He had still to do the moulinee movement (for he always went through those two exercises before a long sitting), when there was a pull at the door. The president quickly put away the dumb-bells and opened the door, saying, " I beg your pardon." One of the members, a high-shouldered, discontented- looking man, with gold spectacles, came into the room. " Matthew Nikitich has again not come," he said, in a dis- satisfied tone. "Not yet?" said the president, putting on his uniform. " He is always late." ' It is extraordinary. He ought to be ashamed of him- self," said the member, angrily, and taking out a cigarette. This member, a very precise man, had had an unpleasant 22 Resurrection encounter with his wife in the morning, because she had spent her allowance before the end of the month, and had asked him to give her some money in advance, but he would not give way to her, and they had a quarrel. The wife told him that if he were going to behave so, he need not expect any dinner ; there would be no dinner for him at home. At this point he left, fearing that she might carry out her threat, for anything might be expected from her. ' This comes of living a good, moral life," he thought, looking at the beaming, healthy, cheerful, and kindly presi- dent, who, with elbows far apart, was smoothing his thick grey whiskers with his fine white hands over the embroid- ered collar of his uniform. " He is always contented and merry while I am suffering." The secretary came in and brought some document. ' Thanks, very much," said the president, lighting a cigarette. "Which case shall we take first, then?" ' The poisoning case, I should say," answered the secre- tary, with indifference. " All right ; the poisoning case let it be," said the presi- dent, thinking that he could get this case over by four o'clock, and then go away. " And Matthew Nikitich ; has he come? " " Not vet." "And Breve?" " He is here," replied the secretary. " Then if you see him, please tell him that we begin with the poisoning case." Breve was the public prosecutor, who was to read the indictment in this case. In the corridor the secretary met Breve, who, with up- lifted shoulders, a portfolio under one arm, the other swing- ing with the palm turned to the front, was hurrying along the corridor, clattering with his heels. " Michael Petrovitch wants to know if you are ready?'' the secretary asked. " Of course ; I am always ready," said the public prose- cutor. " What are we taking first? " " The poisoning case." " That's quite right," said the public prosecutor, but did not think it at all right. He had spent the night in a hotel playing cards with a friend who was giving a farewell party. Up to five in the morning they played and drank, Resurrection 23 so he had no time to look at this poisoning case, and meant to run it through now. The secretary, happening to know this, advised the president to begin with the poisoning case. The secretary was a -Liberal, even a Radical, in opinion. Breve was a Conservative ; the secretary disliked him, and envied him his position. "Well, and how about the Skoptay?"* asked the secre- tary. " I have already said that I cannot do it without wit- nesses, and so I shall say to the Court." " Dear me, what does it matter? " " I cannot do it," said Breve ; and, waving his arm, he ran into his private room. He was putting off the case of the Skoptzy on account of the absence of a very unimportant witness, his real reason being that if they were tried by an educated jury they might possibly be acquitted. By an agreement with the president this case was to be tried in the coming session at a provincial town, where there would be more peasants, and, therefore, more chances of conviction. The movement in the corridor increased. The people crowded most at the doors of the Civil Court, in which the case that the dignified man talked about was being heard. An interval in the proceeding occurred, and the old woman came out of the court, whose property that genius of an advocate had found means of getting for his client, a person versed in law who had no right to it whatever. The judges knew all about the case, and the advocate and his client knew it better still, but the move they had invented was such that it was impossible not to take the old woman's property and not to hand it over to the person versed in law. The old woman was stout, well dressed, and had enor- mous flowers on her bonnet ; she stopped as she came out of the door, and spreading out her short fat arms and turn- ing to her advocate, she kept repeating : ' What does it all mean ? Just fancy ! " The advocate was looking at the flowers in her bonnet, and evidently not listening to her, but considering some question or other. Next to the old woman, out of the door of the Civil * A religious sect. 24 Resurrection Court, hr.s broad, starched shirt front glistening from under his low-cut waistcoat, with a self-satisfied look on his face, came the celebrated advocate who had managed to arrange matters so that the old woman lost all she had, and the person versed in the law received more than 100,000 roubles. The advocate passed close to the old woman, and, feeling all eyes directed towards him, his whole bearing seemed to say : " No expressions of deference are re- quired.'*' Resurrection 25 CHAPTER VII. THE OFFICIALS OF THE COURT. At last Matthew Nikitich also arrived, and the usher, a thin man, with a long neck and a kind of sideways walk, his nether lip protruding to one side, which made him resemble a turkey, came into the jurymen's room. This usher was an honest man, and had a university education, but could not keep a place for any length of time, as he was subject to fits of drunkenness. Three months be- fore a certain countess, who patronised his wife, had found him this place, and he was very pleased to have kept it so long. 'Well, sirs, is everybody here?" he asked, putting his pince-nez on his nose, and looking round. " Everybody, I think," said the jolly merchant. " All right ; we'll soon see." And, taking a list from his pocket, he began calling out the names, looking at the men, sometimes through and sometimes over his pince-nez. " Councillor of State,* J. M. Nikiforoff ! " ' I am he," said the dignified-looking man, well versed in the habits of the law court. ' Ivan Semionovitch Ivanoff, retired colonel ! " " Here! " replied a thin man, in the uniform of a retired officer. " Merchant of the Second Guild, Peter Baklasheff ! " " Here we are, ready ! " said the good-humoured merchant, with a broad smile. " Lieutenant of the Guards, Prince Dmitri Nekhludoff ! " " I am he," answered Nekhludoff. The usher bowed to him, looking over his pince-nez, politely and pleasantly, as if wishing to distinguish him from the others. " Captain Youri Demitrievitch-Dantchenko, merchant ; Grigori Euphimitch Kouleshoff," etc. All but two were present. * Grades such as this are common in Russia, and mean very little. 26 Resurrection " Now please to come to the court, gentlemen," said the usher, pointing to the door, with an amiable wave of his hand. All moved towards the door, pausing to let each other pass. Then they went through the corridor into the court. The court was a large, long room. At one end there was a raised platform, with three steps leading up to it, on which stood a table, covered with a green cloth trimmed with a fringe of a darker shade. At the table were placed three arm-chairs, with high-carved oak backs ; on the wall behind them hung a full-length, brightly-coloured portrait of the Emperor in uniform and ribbon, with one foot in ad- vance, and holding a sword. In the right corner hung a case, with an image of Christ crowned with thorns, and beneath it stood a lectern, and on the same side the prose- cuting attorney's desk. On the left, opposite the desk, was the secretary's table, and in front of it, nearer the public, an oak grating, with the prisoners' bench, as yet unoccupied, behind it. Besides all this, there were on the right side of the platform high-backed ashwood chairs for the jury, and on the floor below tables for the advocates. All this was in the front part of the court, divided from the back by a grat- ing- The back was all taken up by seats in tiers. Sitting on the front seats were four women, either servant or factory girls, and two working men, evidently overawed by the grandeur of the room, and not venturing to speak above a whisper. Soon after the jury had come in the usher entered, with his sideward gait, and stepping to the front, called out in a loud voice, as if he meant to frighten those present, "The Court is coming!" Every one got up as the members stepped on to the platform. Among them the president, with his muscles and fine whiskers. Next came the gloomy member of the Court, who was now more gloomy than ever, having met his brother-in-law, who informed him that he had just called in to see his sister (the member's wife), and that she had told him that there would be no dinner there. "So that, evidently, we shall have to call in at a cook shop," the brother-in-law added, laughing. "It is not at all funny," said the gloomy member, and be- came gloomier still. Then at last came the third member of the Court, the Resurrection 27 same Matthew Nikitich, who was always late. He was a bearded man, with large, round, kindly eyes. He was suf- fering from a catarrh of the stomach, and, according to his doctor's advice, he had begun trying a new treatment, and this had kept him at home longer than usual. Now, as he was ascending the platform, he had a pensive air. He was in the habit of making guesses in answer to all sorts of self- put questions by different curious means. Just now he had asked whether the new treatment would be beneficial, and had decided that it would cure his catarrh if the number of steps from "the door to his chair would divide by three. He made 26 steps, but managed to get in a 27th just by his chair. The figures of the president and the members in their uni- forms, with gold-embroidered collars, looked very imposing. They seemed to feel this themselves, and, as if overpowered by their own grandeur, hurriedly sat down on the high- backed chairs behind the table with the green cloth, on which were a triangular article with an eagle at the top, two glass vases — something like those in which sweetmeats are " kept in refreshment rooms — an inkstand, pens, clean paper, and good, newly-cut pencils of different kinds. The public prosecutor came in with the judges. With his portfolio under one arm, and swinging the other, he hur- riedly walked to his seat near the window, and was instantly absorbed in reading and looking through the papers, not wasting a single moment, in hope of being ready when the business commenced. He had been public prosecutor but a short time, and had only prosecuted four times before this. He was very ambitious, and had firmly made up his mind to get on, and therefore thought it necessary to get a conviction whenever he prosecuted. He knew the chief facts of the poisoning case, and had already formed a plan of action. He only wanted to copy out a few points which he required. The secretary sat on the opposite side of the platform, and, having got ready all the papers he might want, was looking through an article, prohibited by the censor, which he had procured and read the day before. He was anxious to have a talk about this article with the bearded member, who shared his views, but wanted to look through it once more before doing so. 28 Resurrection CHAPTER VIII. SWEARING IN THE JURY. The president, having looked through some papers and put a few questions to the usher and the secretary, gave the order for the prisoners to be brought in. The door behind the grating was instantly opened, and two gendarmes, with caps on their heads, and holding naked swords in their hands, came in, followed by the prisoners, a red-haired, freckled man, and two women. The man wore a prison cloak, which was too long and too wide for him. He stuck out his thumbs, and held his arms close to his sides, thus keeping the sleeves, which were also too long, from slipping over his hands. Without looking at the judges he gazed steadfastly at the form, and passing to the other side of it, he sat down carefully at the very edge, leaving plenty of room for the others. He fixed his eyes on the president, and began moving the muscles of his cheeks, as if whisper- ing something. The woman who came next was also dressed in a prison cloak, and had a prison kerchief round her head. She had a sallow complexion, no eyebrows or lashes, and very red eyes. This woman appeared perfectly calm. Hav- ing caught her cloak against something, she detached it carefully, without any haste, and sat down. The third prisoner was Maslova. As soon as she appeared, the eyes of all the men in the court turned her way, and remained fixed on her white face, her sparklingly-brilliant black eyes and the swelling bosom under the prison cloak. Even the gendarme whom she passed on her way to her seat looked at her fixedly till she sat down, and then, as if feeling guilty, hurriedly turned away, shook himself, and began staring at the window in front of him. The president paused until the prisoners had taken their seats, and when Maslova was seated, turned to the secretary. Then the usual procedure commenced ; the counting of the jury, remarks about those who had not come, the fixing ALL SAT DOWN AGAIN ON THE HIGH-BACKED CHAIRS. Book I. Chapter 8. Resurrection 29 of the fines to be exacted from them, the decisions concern- ing those who claimed exemption, the appointing of reserve jurymen. Having folded up some bits of paper and put them in one of the glass vases, the president turned up the gold-em- broidered cuffs of his uniform a little way, and began draw- ing the lots, one by one, and opening them. Nekhludoff was among the jurymen thus drawn. Then, having let down his sleeves, the president requested the priest to swear in the jury. The old priest, with his puffy, red face, his brown gown, and his gold cross and little order, laboriously moving his stiff legs, came up to the lectern beneath the icon. The jurymen got up, and crowded towards the lectern. " Come up, please," said the priest, pulling at the cross on his breast with his plump hand, and waiting till all the jury had drawn near. When they had all come up the steps of the platform, the priest passed his bald, grey head sideways through the greasy opening of the stole, and, having re- arranged his thin hair, he again turned to the jury. " Now, raise your right arms in this way, and put your fingers to- gether, thus," he said, with his tremulous old voice, lifting his fat, dimpled hand, and putting the thumb and two first fingers together, as if taking a pinch of something. " Now, repeat after me, ' I promise and swear, by the Almighty God, by His holy gospels, and by the life-giving cross of our Lord, that in this work which,' " he said, pausing between each sentence — " don't let your arm down ; hold it like this," he remarked Jto a young man who had lowered his arm — " ' that in this work which . . The dignified man with the whiskers, the colonel, the merchant, and several more held their arms and fingers as the priest required of them, very high, very exactly, as if they liked doing it ; others did it unwillingly and carelessly. Some repeated the words too loudly, and with a defiant tone, as if they meant to say, " In spite of all, I will and shall speak." Others whispered very low, and not fast enough, and then, as if frightened, hurried to catch up the priest. Some kept their fingers tightly together, as if fearing to drop the pinch of invisible something they held ; others kept separating and folding theirs. Every one save the old priest felt awkward, but he was sure he was fulfilling a very use- ful and important duty. 30 Resurrection After the swearing in, the president requested the jury to choose a foreman, and the jury, thronging to the door, passed out into the debating-room, where almost all of them at once began to smoke cigarettes. Some one proposed the dignified man as foreman, and he was unanimously ac- cepted. Then the jurymen put out their cigarettes and threw them away and returned to the court. The dignified man in- formed the president that he was chosen foreman, and all sat down again on the high-backed chairs. Everything went smoothly, quickly, and not without a certain solemnity. And this exactitude, order, and solem- nity evidently pleased those who took part in it : it strength- ened the impression that they were fulfilling a serious and valuable public duty. Nekhludoff, too, felt this. As soon as the jurymen were seated, the president made a speech on their rights, obligations, and responsibilities. While speaking he kept changing his position ; now leaning on his right, now on his left hand, now against the back, then on the arms of his chair, now putting the papers straight, now handling his pencil and paper-knife. According to his words, they had the right of interrogat- ing the prisoners through the president, to use paper and pencils, and to examine the articles put in as evidence. Their duty was to judge not falsely, but justly. Their respon- sibility meant that if the secrecy of their discussion were violated, or communications were established with outsiders, they would be liable to punishment. Every one listened with an expression of respectful attention. The merchant, diffusing a smell of brandy around him, and restraining loud hiccups, approvingly nodded his head at every sen- tence. Resurrection 31 CHAPTER IX. THE TRIAL — THE PRISONERS QUESTIONED. When he had finished his speech, the president turned to the male prisoner. " Simeon Kartinkin, rise." Simeon jumped up, his lips continuing to move nervously and inaudibly. " Your name? " " Simon Petrov Kartinkin," he said, rapidly, with a cracked voice, having evidently prepared the answer. " What class do you belong to? " " Peasant." " What government, district, and parish ? " " Toula Government, Krapivinskia district, Koupianovski parish, the village Borki." " Your age? " " Thirty-three ; born in the year one thousand eight — " "What religion?" " Of the Russian religion, orthodox." "Married?" " Oh, no, sir." " Your occupation ? " " I had a place in the Hotel Mauritania." " Have you ever been tried before? " " I never got tried before, because, as we used to live formerly — " " So you never were tried before? " " God forbid, never." " Have you received a copy of the indictment? " " I have." " Sit down." " Euphemia Ivanovna Botchkova," said the president, turning to the next prisoner. But Simon continued standing in front of Botchkova. ' Kartinkin, sit down ! " Kartinkin continued standing. " Kartinkin, sit down ! " But Kartinkin sat down only 32 Resurrection when the usher, with his head on one side, and with preter- naturally wide-open eyes, ran up, and said, in a tragic whis- per, " Sit down, sit down ! " Kartinkin sat down as hurriedly as he had risen, wrap- ping his cloak round him, and again began moving his lips silently. "Your name?" asked the president, with a weary sigh at being obliged to repeat the same questions, without look- ing at the prisoner, but glancing over a paper that lay before him. The president was so used to his task that, in order to get quicker through it all, he did two things at a time. Botchkova was forty-three years old, and came from the town of Kalomna. She, too, had been in service at the Hotel Mauritania. " I have never been tried before, and have received a copy of the indictment." She gave her answers boldly, in a tone of voice as if she meant to add to each answer, " And I don't care who knows it, and I won't stand any nonsense." She did not wait to be told, but sat down as soon as she had replied to the last question. "Your name?" turning abruptly to the third prisoner. " You will have to rise," he added, softly and gently, seeing that Maslova kept her seat. Maslova got up and stood, with her chest expanded, looking at the president with that peculiar expression of readiness in her smiling black eyes. " What is your name? " " Lubov," she said. Nekhludoff had put on his pince-nez, looking at the pris- oners while they were being questioned. " No, it is impossible," he thought, not taking his eyes off the prisoner. 'Lubov! How can it be?" he thought to himself, after hearing her answer. The president was going to continue his questions, but the member with the spec- tacles interrupted him, angrily whispering something. The president nodded, and turned again to the prisoner. " How is this," he said, " you are not put down here as Lubov?" The prisoner remained silent. " I want your real name." " What is your baptismal name? " asked the angry mem- ber. " Formerly I used to be called Katerina." " MASLOVA I'.OT UP AND STOOD WITH HER CHES l' EXPANDED " Book I. Chapter q. Resurrection 33 " No, it cannot be," said Nekhludoff to himself ; and yet he was now certain that this was she, that same girl, half ward, half servant to his aunts ; that Katusha, with whom he had once been in love, really in love, but whom he had betrayed and then abandoned, and never again brought to mind, for the memory would have been too painful, would have convicted him too clearly, proving that he who was so proud of his integrity had treated this woman in a revolting, scandalous way. Yes, this was she. He now clearly saw in her face that strange, indescribable individuality which distinguishes every face from all others ; something peculiar, all its own, not to be found anywhere else. In spite of the unhealthy pallor and the fulness of the face, it was there, this sweet, peculiar individuality ; on those lips, in the slight squint of her eyes, in the voice, particularly in the naive smile, and in the expression of readiness on the face and figure. " You should have said so," remarked the president, again in a gentle tone. " Your patronymic? " " I am illegitimate." 1 Well, were you not called by your godfather's name ? " " Yes, Mikhaelovna." " And what is it she can be guilty of? " continued Nekh- ludoff, in his mind, unable to breathe freely. ' Your family name — your surname, I mean? " the presi- dent went on. ' They used to call me by my mother's surname, Mas- lova." " What class ? " " Meschanka."* " Religion — orthodox ? " " Orthodox." " Occupation. What was your occupation? " Maslova remained silent. " What was your employment ? " ' You know yourself," she said, and smiled. Then, cast- ing a hurried look round the room, again turned her eyes on the president. There was something so unusual in the expression of her face, so terrible and piteous in the meaning of the words she had uttered, in this smile, and in the furtive glance she had cast round the room, that the president was abashed, and for * The lowest town class or grade. 34 Resurrection a few minutes silence reigned in the court. The silence was broken by some one among the public laughing, then some- body said " Ssh," and the president looked up and con- tinued : " Have you ever been tried before ? " ' Never," answered Maslova, softly, and sighed. " Have you received a copy of the indictment ? " " I have," she answered. " Sit down." The prisoner leant back to pick up her skirt in the way a fine lady picks up her train, and sat down, folding her small white hands in the sleeves of her cloak, her eyes fixed on the president. Her face was calm again. The witnesses were called, and some sent away ; the doctor who was to act as expert was chosen and called into the court. Then the secretary got up and began reading the indict- ment. He read distinctly, though he pronounced the " 1 ' and " r " alike, with a loud voice, but so quickly that the words ran into one another and formed one uninterrupted, dreary drone. The judges bent now on one, now on the other arm of their chairs, then on the table, then back again, shut and opened their eyes, and whispered to each other. One of the gendarmes several times repressed a yawn. The prisoner Kartinkin never stopped moving his cheeks. Botchkova sat quite still and straight, only now and then scratching her head under the kerchief. Maslova sat immovable, gazing at the reader ; only now and then she gave a slight start, as if wishing to reply, blushed, sighed heavily, and changed the position of her hands, looked round, and again fixed her eyes on the reader. Nekhludoff sat in the front row on his high-backed chair, without removing his pincc-ncz, and looked at Maslova, while a complicated and fierce struggle was going on in his soul. Resurrection 35 CHAPTER X. THE TRIAL — THE INDICTMENT. The indictment ran as follows : On the 17th of January, 18 — , in the lodging-house Mau- ritania, occurred the sudden death of the Second Guild mer- chant, Therapont Emilianovich Smelkoff, of Kourgan. The local police doctor of the fourth district certified that death was due to rupture of the heart, owing to the exces- sive use of alcoholic liquids. The body of the said Smelkoff was interred. After several days had elapsed, the merchant Timokhin, a fellow-townsman and companion of the said Smelkoff, returned from St. Petersburg, and hearing the circumstances that accompanied the death of the latter, no- tified bis suspicions that the death was caused by poison, given with intent to rob the said Smelkoff of his money. This suspicion was corroborated on inquiry, which proved : 1. That shortly before his death the said Smelkoff had re- ceived the sum of 3,800 roubles from the bank. When an inventory of the property of the deceased was made, only 312 roubles and 16 copecks were found. 2. The whole day and night preceding his death the said Smelkoff spent with Lubka (alias Katerina Maslova) at her home and in the lodging-house Mauritania, which she also visited at the said Smelkoff's request during his ab- sence, to get some money, which she took out of his port- manteau in the presence of the servants of the lodging-house Mauritania, Euphemia Botchkova and Simeon Kartinkin, with a key given her by the said Smelkoff. In the portman- teau opened by the said Maslova, the said Botchkova and Kartinkin saw packets of 100- rouble bank-notes. 3. On the said Smelkoff's return to the lodging-house Mauritania, together with Lubka, the latter, in accordance with the attendant Kartinkin's advice, gave the said Smel- koff some white powder given to her by the said Kartinkin, dissolved in brandy. 4. The next morning the said Lubka (alias Katerina 36 Resurrection Maslova) sold to her mistress, the witness Kitaeva, a brothel-keeper, a diamond ring given to her, as she alleged, by the said Smelkoff. 5. The housemaid of the lodging-house Mauritania, Euphemia Botchkova, placed to her account in the local Commercial Bank 1,800 roubles. The post-mortem exam- ination of the body of the said Smelkoff and the chemical analysis of his intestines proved beyond doubt the presence of poison in the organism, so that there is reason to believe that the said Smelkoff's death was caused by poisoning. When cross-examined, the accused, Maslova, Botchkova, and Kartinkin, pleaded not guilty, deposing — Maslova, that she had really been sent by Smelkoff from the brothel, where she " works," as she expresses it, to the lodging- house Mauritania to get the merchant some money, and that, having unlocked the portmanteau with a key given her by the merchant, she took out 40 roubles, as she was told to do, and that she had taken nothing more ; that Botchkova and Kar- tinkin, in whose presence she unlocked and locked the port- manteau, could testify to the truth of the statement. She gave this further evidence — that when she came to the lodging-house for the second time she did, at the insti- gation of Simeon Kartinkin, give Smelkoff some kind of powder, which she thought was a narcotic, in a glass of brandy, hoping he would fall asleep and that she would be able to get away from him ; and that Smelkoff, having beaten her, himself gave her the ring when she cried and threatened to go away. The accused, Euphemia Botchkova, stated that she knew nothing about the missing money, that she had not even gone into Smelkoff's room, but that Lubka had been busy there all by herself; that if anything had been stolen, it must have been done by Lubka when she came with the mer- chant's key to get his money. At this point Maslova gave a start, opened her mouth, and looked at Botchkova. " When," continued the secre- tary, "the receipt for 1,800 roubles from the bank was shown to Botchkova, and she was asked where she had ob- tained the money, she said that it was her own earnings for 12 years, and those of Simeon, whom she was going to marry. The accused Simeon Kartinkin, when first exam- ined, confessed that he and Botchkova, at the instigation of Maslova, who had come with the key from the brothel, had Resurrection 37 stolen the money and divided it equally among themselves and Maslova. Here Maslova again started, half-rose from her seat, and, blushing scarlet, began to say something, but was stopped by the usher. " At last," the secretary con- tinued, reading, " Kartinkin confessed also that he had sup- plied the powders in order to get Smelkoff to sleep. When examined the second time he denied having had anything to do with the stealing of the money or giving Maslova the powders, accusing her of having done it alone." Concerning the money placed in the bank by Botchkova, he said the same as she, that is, that the money was given to them both by the lodgers in tips during 12 years' service. The indictment concluded as follows : In consequence of the foregoing, the peasant of the village Borki, Simeon Kartinkin, 33 years of age, the meschanka Euphemia Botchkova, 43 years of age, and the meschanka Katerina Maslova, 27 years of age, are accused of having on the 17th day of January, 188 — , jointly stolen from the said merchant, Smelkoff, a ring and money, to the value of 2,500 roubles, and of having given the said mer- chant, Smelkoff, poison to drink, with intent of depriving him of life, and thereby causing his death. This crime is provided for in clause 1,455 °f the Penal Code, §§ 4 and 5. 38 Resurrection CHAPTER XL THE TRIAL — MASLOVA CROSS-EXAMINED. When the reading of the indictment was over, the presi- dent, after having consulted the members, turned to Kar- tinkin, with an expression that plainly said : Now we shall find out the whole truth down to the minutest detail. " Peasant Simeon Kartinkin," he said, stooping to the left. Simeon Kartinkin got up, stretched his arms down his sides, and leaning forward with his whole body, continued moving his cheeks inaudibly. ' You are accused of having on the 17th January, 188 — , together with Euphemia Botchkova and Katerina Maslova, stolen money from a portmanteau belonging to the merchant Smelkoff, and then, having procured some arsenic, per- suaded Katerina Maslova to give it to the merchant Smel- koff in a glass of brandy, which was the cause of Smelkoff s death. Do you plead guilty?" said the president, stooping to the right. ' Not nohow, because our business is to attend on the lodgers, and " ' You'll tell us that afterwards. Do you plead guilty ? " " Oh, no, sir. I only " "You'll tell us that afterwards. Do you plead guilty?" quietly and firmly asked the president. " Can't do such a thing, because that " The usher again rushed up to Simeon Kartinkin, and stopped him in a tragic whisper. The president moved the hand with which he held the paper and placed the elbow in a different position with an air that said : " This is finished," and turned to Euphemia Botchkova. ' Euphemia Botchkova, you are accused of having, on the 17th of January, 188 — , in the lodging-house Mauritania, together with Simeon Kartinkin and Katerina Maslova, stolen some money and a ring out of the merchant Smel- Resurrection 39 koff's portmanteau, and having shared the money among yourselves, given poison to the merchant Smelkoff, thereby causing his death. Do you plead guilty? " " I am not guilty of anything," boldly and firmly replied the prisoner. " I never went near the room, but when this baggage went in she did the whole business." " You will say all this afterwards," the president again said, quietly and firmly. " So you do not plead guilty? ' : " I did not take the money nor give the drink, nor go into the room. Had I gone in I should have kicked her out." " So you do not plead guilty ? " " Never." "Very well." " Katerina Maslova," the president began, turning to the third prisoner, " you are accused of having come from the brothel with the key of the merchant Smelkoff 's portman- teau, money, and a ring." He said all this like a lesson learned by heart, leaning towards the member on his left, who was whispering into his ear that a bottle mentioned in the list of the material evidence was missing. " Of having stolen out of the portmanteau money and a ring," he re- peated, " and shared it. Then, returning to the lodging- house Mauritania with Smelkoff, of giving him poison in his drink, and thereby causing his death. Do you plead guilty?" " I am not guilty of anything," she began rapidly. " As I said before I say again, I did not take it — I did not take it ; I did not take anything, and the ring he gave me himself." ' You do not plead guilty of having stolen 2,500 roubles ? " asked the president. " I've said I took nothing but the 40 roubles." " Well, and do you plead guilty of having given the mer- chant Smelkoff a powder in his drink? " " Yes, that I did. Only I believed what they told me, that they were sleeping powders, and that no harm could come of them. I never thought, and never wished. . . . God is my witness ; I say, I never meant this," she said. " So you do not plead guilty of having stolen the money and the ring from the merchant Smelkoff, but confess that you gave him the powder?" said the president. ' Well, yes, I do confess this, but I thought they were sleeping powders. I only gave them to make him sleep ; I never meant and never thought of worse." 40 Resurrection " Very well," said the president, evidently satisfied with the results gained. " Now tell us how it all happened," and he leaned back in his chair and put his folded hands on the table. " Tell us all about it. A free and full confession will be to your advantage." Maslova continued to look at the president in silence, and blushing. " Tell us how it happened." " How it happened ? " Maslova suddenly began, speaking quickly. " I came to the lodging-house, and was shown into the room. He was there, already very drunk." She pro- nounced the word he with a look of horror in her wide-open eyes. '' I wished to go away, but he would not let me." She stopped, as if having lost the thread, or remembered some- thing else. "Well, and then?" ' Well, what then ? I remained a bit, and went home again." At this moment the public prosecutor raised himself a lit- tle, leaning on one elbow in an awkward manner. ' You would like to put a question ? " said the president, and having received an answer in the affirmative, he made a gesture inviting the public prosecutor to speak. " I want to ask, was the prisoner previously acquainted with Simeon Kartinkin?" said the public prosecutor, with- out looking at Maslova, and, having put the question, he compressed his lips and frowned. The president repeated the question. Maslova stared at the public prosecutor, with a frightened look. " With Simeon? Yes," she said. " I should like to know what the prisoner's acquaintance with Kartinkin consisted in. Did they meet often ? " "Consisted in? . . . He invited me for the lodgers; it was not an acquaintance at all," answered Maslova, anxiously moving her eyes from the president to the public prosecutor and back to the president. ' I should like to know why Kartinkin invited only Mas- lova, and none of the other girls, for the lodgers? " said the public prosecutor, with half-closed eyes and a cunning, Mephistophelian smile. "I don't know. How should I know?" said Maslova, casting a frightened look round, and fixing her eyes for a moment on Nekhludoff. " He asked whom he liked." Resurrection 41 " Is it possible that she has recognised me ? " thought Nekhludoff, and the blood rushed to his face. But Maslova turned away without distinguishing him from the others, and again fixed her eyes anxiously on the public prosecutor. " So the prisoner denies having had any intimate relations with Kartinkin? Very well, I have no more questions to ask." And the public prosecutor took his elbow off the desk, and began writing something. He was not really noting any- thing down, but only going over the letters of his notes with a pen, having seen the procureur and leading advocates, after putting a clever question, make a note, with which, later on, to annihilate their adversaries. The president did not continue at once, because he was consulting the member with the spectacles, whether he was agreed that the questions (which had all been prepared be- forehand and written out) should be put. " Well ! What happened next ? " he then went on. " I came home,'' looking a little more boldly only at the president, " and went to bed. Hardly had I fallen asleep when one of our girls, Bertha, woke me. ' Go, your mer- chant has come again ! ' He " — she again uttered the word he with evident horror — " he kept treating our girls, and then wanted to send for more wine, but his money was all gone, and he sent me to his lodgings and told me where the money was, and how much to take. So I went." The president was whispering to the member on his left, but, in order to appear as if he had heard, he repeated her last words. " So you went. Well, what next ? " " I went, and did all he told me ; went into his room. I did not go alone, but called Simeon Kartinkin and her," she said, pointing to Botchkova. " That's a lie ; I never went in," Botchkova began, but was stopped. " In their presence I took out four notes," continued Mas- lova, frowning, without looking at Botchkova. " Yes, but did the prisoner notice," again asked the prose- cutor, " how much money there was when she was getting out the 40 roubles ? " Maslova shuddered when the prosecutor addressed her ; she did not know why it was, but she felt that he wished her evil. 42 Resurrection ' I did not count it, but only saw some ioo-rouble notes." 'Ah! The prisoner saw ioo-rouble notes. That's all?" ' Well, so you brought back the money," continued the president, looking at the clock. " I did." " Well, and then ? " ' Then he took me back with him," said Maslova. 'Well, and how did you give him the powder? In his drink?" ' How did I give it? I put them in and gave it him." " Why did you give it him ? " She did not answer, but sighed deeply and heavily. " He would not let me go," she said, after a moment's silence, " and I was quite tired out, and so I went out into the passage and said to Simeon, ' If he would only let me go, I am so tired/ And he said, ' We are also sick of him ; we were thinking of giving him a sleeping draught ; he will fall asleep, and then you can go.' So I said all right. I thought they were harmless, and he gave me the packet. I went in. He was lying behind the partition, and at once called for brandy. I took a bottle of ' fine champagne ' from the table, poured out two glasses, one for him and one for myself, and put the powders into his glass, and gave it him. Had I known, how could I have given them to him? " ' Well, and how did the ring come into your possession? " asked the president. " When did he give it you? " ' That was when we came back to his lodgings. I wanted to go away, and he gave me a knock on the head and broke my comb. I got angry and said I'd go away, and he took the ring off his finger and gave it to me so that I should not go," she said. Then the public prosecutor again slightly raised himself, and, putting on an air of simplicity, asked permission to put a few more questions, and, having received it, bending his head over his embroidered collar, he said : ' I should like to know how long the prisoner remained in the merchant Smelkoff's room." Maslova again seemed frightened, and she again looked anxiously from the public prosecutor to the president, and said hurriedly : " I do not remember how long." ' Yes, but does the prisoner remember if she went any- where else in the lodging-house after she left Smelkoff ? " Resurrection 43 Maslova considered for a moment. ' Yes, I did go into an empty room next to his." " Yes, and why did you go in? " asked the public prose- cutor, forgetting himself, and addressing her directly. " I went in to rest a bit, and to wait for an isvostchik." " And was Kartinkin in the room with the prisoner, or not?" " He came in." " Why did he come in ? " " There was some of the merchant's brandy left, and we finished it together." " Oh, finished it together. Very well ! And did the pris- oner talk to Kartinkin, and, if so, what about? ' : Maslova suddenly frowned, blushed very red, and said, hurriedly, " What about ? I did not talk about anything, and that's all I know. Do what you like with me ; I am not guilty, and that's all." " I have nothing more to ask," said the prosecutor, and, drawing up his shoulders in an unnatural manner, began writing down, as the prisoner's own evidence, in the notes for his speech, that she had been in the empty room with Kartinkin. There was a short silence. " You have nothing more to say? " " I have told everything," she said, with a sigh, and sat down. Then the president noted something down, and, having listened to something that the member on his left whispered to him, he announced a ten-minutes' interval, rose hurriedly, and left the court. The communication he had received from the tall, bearded member with the kindly eyes was that the member, having felt a slight stomach derangement, wished to do a little massage and to take some drops. And this was why an interval was made. When the judges had risen, the advocates, the jury, and the witnesses also rose, with the pleasant feeling that part of the business was finished, and began moving in different directions. Nekhludoff went into the jury's room, and sat down by the window. 44 Resurrection CHAPTER XII. TWELVE YEARS BEFORE. " Yes, this was Katusha." The relations between Nekhludoff and Katusha had been the following : NekhludofT first saw Katusha when he was a student in his third year at the University, and was preparing an essay on land tenure during the summer vacation, which he passed with his aunts. Until then he had always lived, in summer, with his mother and sister on his mother's large estate near Moscow. But that year his sister had married, and his mother had gone abroad to a watering-place, and he, having his essay to write, resolved to spend the summer with his aunts. It was very quiet in their secluded estate and there was nothing to distract his mind ; his aunts loved their nephew and heir very tenderly, and he, too, was fond of them and of their simple, old-fashioned life. During that summer on his aunts' estate, Nekhludoff passed through that blissful state of existence when a young man for the first time, without guidance from any one out- side, realises all the beauty and significance of life, and the importance of the task allotted in it to man ; when he grasps the possibility of unlimited advance towards per- fection for one's self and for all the world, and gives him- self to this task, not only hopefully, but with full conviction of attaining to the perfection he imagines. In that year, while still at the University, he had read Spencer's Social Statics, and Spencer's views on landholding especially im- pressed him, as he himself was heir to large estates. His father had not been rich, but his mother had received 10,000 acres of land for her dowry. At that time he fully realised all the cruelty and injustice of private property in land, and being one of those to whom a sacrifice to the demands of conscience gives the highest spiritual enjoyment, he decided not to retain property rights, but to give up to the peasant Resurrection , 45 labourers the land he had inherited from his father. It was on this land question he wrote his essay. He arranged his life on his aunts' estate in the following manner. He got up very early, sometimes at three o'clock, and before sunrise went through the morning mists to bathe in the river, under the hill. He returned while the dew still lay on the grass and the flowers. Sometimes, hav- ing finished his coffee, he sat down with his books of refer- ence and his papers to write his essay, but very often, in- stead of reading or writing, he left home again, and wan- dered through the fields and the woods. Before dinner he lay down and slept somewhere in the garden. At dinner he amused and entertained his aunts with his bright spirits,, then he rode on horseback or went for a row on the river, and in the evening he again worked at his essay, or sat read- ing or playing patience with his aunts. His joy in life was so great that it agitated him, and kept him awake many a night, especially when it was moonlight, so that instead of sleeping he wandered about in the garden till dawn, alone with his dreams and fancies. And so, peacefully and happily, he lived through the first month of his stay with his aunts, taking no particular notice of their half-ward, half-servant, the black-eyed, quick-footed Katusha. Then, at the age of nineteen, Nekhludoff, brought up under his mother's wing, was still quite pure. If a woman figured in his dreams at all it was only as a wife. All the other women, who, according to his ideas he could not marry, were not women for him, but human beings. But on Ascension Day that summer, a neighbour of his aunts', and her family, consisting of two young daughters, a schoolboy, and a young artist of peasant origin who was staying with them, came to spend the day. After tea they all went to play in the meadow in front of the house, where the grass had already been mown. They played at the game of gorclki, and Katusha joined them. Running about and changing partners several times, Nekhludoff caught Ka- tusha, and she became his partner. Up to this time he had liked Katusha's looks, but the possibility of any nearer rela- tions with her had never entered his mind. " Impossible to catch those two," said the merry young artist, whose turn it was to catch, and who could run very fast with his short, muscular legs. " You ! And not catch us ? " said Katusha. 46 Resurrection " One, two, three," and the artist clapped his hands. Ka- tusha, hardly restraining her laughter, changed places with Nekhludoff, behind the artist's back, and pressing his large hand with her little rough one, and rustling with her starched petticoat, ran to the left. Nekhludoff ran fast to the right, trying to escape from the artist, but when he looked round he saw the artist running after Katusha, who kept well ahead, her firm young legs moving rapidly. There was a lilac bush in front of them, and Katusha made a sign with her head to Nekhludoff to join her behind it, for if they once clasped hands again they were safe from their pursuer, that being a rule of the game. He understood the sign, and ran behind the bush, but he did not know that there was a small ditch overgrown with nettles there. He stumbled and fell into the nettles, already wet with dew, stinging his hands, but rose immediately, laughing at his mishap. Katusha, with her eyes black as sloes, her face radiant with joy, was flying towards him, and they caught hold of each other's hands. "Got stung, I daresay?" she said, arranging her hair with her free hand, breathing fast and looking straight up at him with a glad, pleasant smile. ' I did not know there was a ditch here," he answered, smiling also, and keeping her hand in his. She drew nearer to him, and he himself, not knowing how it happened, stooped towards her. She did not move away, and he pressed her hand tight and kissed her on the lips. ' There ! You've done it ! " she said ; and, freeing her hand with a swift movement, ran away from him. Then, breaking two branches of white lilac from which the blos- soms were already falling, she began fanning her hot face with them ; then, with her head turned back to him, she walked away, swaying her arms briskly in front of her, and joined the other players. After this there grew up between Nekhludoff and Ka- tusha those peculiar relations which often exist between a pure young man and girl who are attracted to each other. When Katusha came into the room, or even when he saw her white apron from afar, everything brightened up in Nekhludoff' s eyes, as when the sun appears everything be- comes more interesting, more joyful, more important. The whole of life seemed full of gladness. And she felt the same. But it was not only Katusha's presence that had this Resurrection 47 effect on Nekhludoff. The mere thought that Katusha ex- isted (and for her that Nekhludoff existed) had this effect. When he received an unpleasant letter from his mother, or could not get on with his essay, or felt the unreasoning sadness that young people are often subject to, he had only to remember Katusha and that he should see her, and it all vanished. Katusha had much work to do in the house, but she man- aged to get a little leisure for reading, and Nekhludoff gave her Dostoievsky and Tourgeneff (whom he had just read himself) to read. She liked Tourgeneff's Lull best. They had talks at moments snatched when meeting in the passage, on the veranda, or the yard, and sometimes in the room of his aunts' old servant, Matrona Pavlovna, with whom he sometimes used to drink tea, and where Katusha used to work. These talks in Matrona Pavlovna's presence were the pleasantest. When they were alone it was worse. Their eyes at once began to say something very different and far more important than what their mouths uttered. Their lips puckered, and they felt a kind of dread of something that made them part quickly. These relations continued between Nekhludoff and Katusha during the whole time of his first visit to his aunts'. They noticed it, and became frightened, and even wrote to Princess Elena Ivanovna, Nekhludoff' s mother. His aunt, Mary Ivanovna, was afraid Dmitri would form an intimacy with Katusha ; but her fears were groundless, for Nekhludoff, himself hardly conscious of it, loved Katusha, loved her as the pure love, and therein lay his safety — his and hers. He not only did not feel any de- sire to possess her, but the very thought of it filled him with horror. The fears of the more poetical Sophia Ivanovna, that Dmitri, with his thoroughgoing, resolute character, having fallen in love with a girl, might make up his mind to marry her, without considering either her birth or her station, had more ground. Had Nekhludoff at that time been conscious of his love for Katusha, and especially if he had been told that he could on no account join his life with that of a girl in her position, it might have easily happened that, with his usual straight- forwardness, he would have come to the conclusion that there could be no possible reason for him not to marry any girl whatever, as long as he loved her. But his aunts did not 48 Resurrection mention their fears to him ; and, when he left, he was still unconscious of his love for Katusha. He was sure that what he felt for Katusha was only one of the manifestations of the joy of life that filled his whole being, and that this sweet, merry little girl shared this joy with him. Yet, when he was going away, and Katusha stood with his aunts in the porch, and looked after him, her dark, slightly-squinting eyes filled with tears, he felt, after all, that he was leaving something beautiful, precious, something which would never reoccur. And he grew very sad. " Good-bye, Katusha," he said, looking across Sophia Ivanovna's cap as he was getting into the trap. ' Thank you for everything." " Good-bye, Dmitri Ivanovitch," she said, with her pleas- ant, tender voice, keeping back the tears that filled her eyes — and ran away into the hall, where she could cry in peace. Resurrection 49 CHAPTER XIII. LIFE IN THE ARMY. After that Nekhludoff did not see Katusha for more than three years. When he saw her again he had just been promoted to the rank of officer and was going to join his regiment. On the way he came to spend a few days with his aunts, being now a very different young man from the one who had spent the summer with them three years be- fore. He then had been an honest, unselfish lad, ready to sacrifice himself for any good cause ; now he was depraved and selfish, and thought only of his own enjoyment. Then God's world seemed a mystery which he tried enthusiasti- cally and joyfully to solve ; now everything in life seemed clear and simple, defined by the conditions of the life he was leading. Then he had felt the importance of, and had need of intercourse with, nature, and with those who had lived and thought and felt before him — philosophers and poets. What he now considered necessary and important were human institutions and intercourse with his comrades. Then women seemed mysterious and charming — charming by the very mystery that enveloped them ; now the purpose of women, all women except those of his own family and the wives of his friends, was a very definite one : women were the best means towards an already experienced en- joyment. Then money was not needed, and he did not re- quire even one-third of what his mother allowed him ; but now this allowance of 1,500 roubles a month did not suffice, and he had already had some unpleasant talks about it with his mother. Then he had looked on his spirit as the /; now it was his healthy strong animal / that he looked upon as himself. And all this terrible change had come about because he had ceased to believe himself and had taken to believing others. This he had done because it was too difficult to live believing one's self ; believing one's self, one had to decide every question not in favour of one's own animal §o Resurrection life, which is always seeking for easy gratifications, but al- most in every case against it. Believing others there was nothing to decide ; everything had been decided already, and decided always in favour of the animal / and against the spiritual. Nor was this all. Believing in his own self he was always exposing himself to the censure of those around him ; believing others he had their approval.- So, when Nekhludoff had talked of the serious matters of life, of God, truth, riches, and poverty, all round him thought it out of place and even rather funny, and his mother and aunts called him, with kindly irony, notre cher philosophe. But when he read novels, told improper anecdotes, went to see funny vaudevilles in the French theatre and gaily re- peated the jokes, everybody admired and encouraged him. When he considered it right to limit his needs, wore an old overcoat, took no wine, everybody thought it strange and looked upon it as a kind of showing off ; but when he spent large sums on hunting, or on furnishing a peculiar and luxurious study for himself, everybody admired his taste and gave him expensive presents to encourage his hobby. While he kept pure and meant to remain so till he married his friends prayed for his health, and even his mother was not grieved but rather pleased when she found out that he had become a real man and had gained over some French woman from his friend. (As to the episode with Katusha, the princess could not without horror think that he might possibly have married her.) In the same way, when Nekh- ludoff came of age, and gave the small estate he had in- herited from his father to the peasants because he consid- ered the holding of private property in land wrong, this step filled his mother and relations with dismay and served as an excuse for making fun of him to all his relatives. He was continually told that these peasants, after they had re- ceived the land, got no richer, but, on the contrary, poorer, having opened three public-houses and left off doing any work. But when Nekhludoff entered the Guards and spent and gambled away so much with his aristocratic compan- ions that Elena Ivanovna, his mother, had to draw on her capital, she was hardly pained, considering it quite natural and even good that wild oats should be sown at an early age and in good company, as her son was doing. At first Nekhludoff struggled, but all that he had considered good while he had faith in himself was considered bad by others, Resurrection 5 1 and what he had considered evil was looked upon as good by those among whom he lived, and the struggle grew too hard. And at last Nekhludoff gave in, i.e., left off believing himself and began believing others. At first this giving up of faith in himself was unpleasant, but it did not long continue to be so. At that time he acquired the habit of smoking, and drinking wine, and soon got over this un- pleasant feeling and even felt great relief. Nekhludoff, with his passionate nature, gave himself thoroughly to the new way of life so approved of by all those around, and he entirely stifled the inner voice which demanded something different. This began after he moved to St. Petersburg, and reached its highest point when he entered the army. Military life in general depraves men. It places them in conditions of complete idleness, i.e., absence of all useful work ; frees them of their common human duties, which it replaces by merely conventional ones to the honour of the regiment, the uniform, the flag; and, while giving them on the one hand absolute power over other men, also puts them into conditions of servile obedience to those of higher rank than themselves. But when, to the usual depraving influence of military service with its honours, uniforms, flags, its permitted vio- lence and murder, there is added the depraving influence of riches and nearness to and intercourse with members of the Imperial family, as is the case in the chosen regiment of the Guards in which all the officers are rich and of good family, then this depraving influence creates in the men who succumb to it a perfect mania of selfishness. And this mania of selfishness attacked Nekhludoff from the mo- ment he entered the army and began living in the way his companions lived. He had no occupation whatever except to dress in a uniform, splendidly made and well brushed by other people, and, with arms also made and cleaned and handed to him by others, ride to reviews on a fine horse which had been bred, broken in and fed by others. There, with other men like himself, he had to wave a sword, shoot off guns, and teach others to do the same. He had no other work, and the highly-placed persons, young and old, the Tsar and those near him, not only sanctioned his oc- cupation but praised and thanked him for it. After this was done, it was thought important to eat, and 5 2 Resurrection particularly to drink, in officers' clubs or the salons of the best restaurants, squandering large sums of money, which came from some invisible source ; then theatres, ballets, women, then again riding on horseback, waving of swords and shooting, and again the squandering of money, the wine, cards, and women. This kind of life acts on military men even more depravingly than on others, because if any other than a military man lead such a life he cannot help being ashamed of it in the depth of his heart. A military man is, on the contrary, proud of a life of this kind, espe- cially at war time, and Nekhludoff had entered the army just after war with the Turks had been declared. ' We are prepared to sacrifice our lives at the wars, and therefore a gay, reckless life is not only pardonable, but absolutely nec- essary for us, and so we lead it." Such were Nekhludoff s confused thoughts at this period of his existence, and he felt all the time the delight of being free of the moral barriers he had formerly set himself. And the state he lived in was that of a chronic mania of selfish- ness. He was in this state when, after three years' absence, he came again to visit his aunts. Resurrection 53 CHAPTER XIV. THE SECOND MEETING WITH MASLOVA. Nekhludoft went to visit his aunts because their estate lay near the road he had to travel in order to join his regi- ment, which had gone forward, because they had very warmly asked him to come, and especially because he wanted to see Katusha. Perhaps in his heart he had al- ready formed those evil designs against Katusha which his now uncontrolled animal self suggested to him, but he did not acknowledge this as his intention, but only wished to go back to the spot where he had been so happy, to see his rather funny, but dear, kind-hearted old aunts, who always, without his noticing it, surrounded him with an atmosphere of love and admiration, and to see sweet Ka- tusha, of whom he had retained so pleasant a memory. He arrived at the end of March, on Good Friday, after the thaw had set in. It was pouring with rain so that he had not a dry thread on him and was feeling very cold, but yet vigorous and full of spirits, as always at that time. " Is she still with them?" he thought, as he drove into the fa- miliar, old-fashioned courtyard, surrounded by a low brick wall, and now filled with snow off the roofs. He expected she would come out when she heard the sledge bells but she did not. Two bare-footed women with pails and tucked-up skirts, who had evidently been "scrub- bing the floors, came out of the side door. She was not at the front door either, and only Tikhon, the man-servant, with his apron on, evidently also busy cleaning, came out into the front porch. His aunt Sophia Ivanovna alone met him in the ante-room ; she had a silk dress on and a cap on her head. Both aunts had been to church and had re- ceived communion. ' Well, this is nice of you to come," said Sophia Iva- novna, kissing him. " Mary is not well, got tired in church; we have been to communion." 54 Resurrection " I congratulate you, Aunt Sophia,"* said Nekhludoff, kissing Sophia Ivanovna's hand. " Oh, I beg your pardon, I have made you wet." " Go to your room — why you are soaking wet. Dear me, you have got moustaches ! . . . Katusha ! Katusha ! Get him some coffee ; be quick." " Directly," came the sound of a well-known, pleasant voice from the passage, and Nekhludoff's heart cried out "She's here!" and it was as if the sun had come out from behind the clouds. Nekhludoff, followed by Tikhon, went gaily to his old room to change his things. He felt inclined to ask Tikhon about Katusha ; how she was, what she was doing, was she not going to be married? But Tikhon was so respectful and at the same time so severe, insisted so firmly on pour- ing the water out of the jug for him, that Nekhludoff could not make up his mind to ask him about Katusha, but only inquired about Tikhon's grandsons, about the old so-called ' brother's " horse, and about the dog Polkan. All were alive except Polkan, who had gone mad the summer before. When he had taken off all his wet things and just begun to dress again, Nekhludoff heard quick, familiar footsteps and a knock at the door. Nekhludoff knew the steps and also the knock. No one but she walked and knocked like that. Having thrown his wet greatcoat over his shoulders, he opened the door. " Come in." It was she, Katusha, the same, only sweeter than before. The slightly squinting naive black eyes looked up in the same old way. Now as then, she had on a white apron. She brought him from his aunts a piece of scented soap, with the wrapper just taken off, and two towels — one a long Russian embroidered one, the other a bath towel. The unused soap with the stamped inscription, the towels, and her own self, all were equally clean, fresh, undefiled and pleasant. The irrepressible smile of joy at the sight of him made the sweet, firm lips pucker up as of old. " How do you do, Dmitri Ivanovitch ? " she uttered with difficulty, her face suffused with a rosy blush. " Good-morning! How do you do? " he said, also blush- ing. " Alive and well? " * It is usual in Russia to congratulate those who have received communion. Resurrection 55 " Yes, the Lord be thanked. And here is your favourite pink soap and towels from your aunts," she said, putting the soap on the table and hanging the towels over the back of a chair. " There is everything here," said Tikhon, defending the visitor's independence, and pointing to NekhludofFs open dressing case filled with brushes, perfume, fixatoire, a great many bottles with silver lids and all sorts of toilet ap- pliances. ' Thank my aunts, please. Oh, how glad I am to be here," said Nekhludofr, his heart filling with light and ten- derness as of old. She only smiled in answer to these words, and went out. The aunts, who had always loved Nekhludofr, welcomed him this time more warmly than ever. Dmitri was going to the war, where he might be wounded or killed, and this touched the old aunts. Nekhludoff had arranged to stay only a day and night with his aunts, but when he had seen Katusha he agreed to stay over Easter with them and telegraphed to his friend Schonbock, whom he was to have joined in Odessa, that he should come and meet him at his aunts' instead. As soon as he had seen Katusha NekhludofFs old feel- ings toward her awoke again. Now,justasthen,he could not see her white apron without getting excited ; he could not listen to her steps, her voice, her laugh, without a feeling of joy ; he could not look at her eyes, black as sloes, without a feeling of tenderness, especially when she smiled ; and, above all, he could not notice without agitation how she blushed when they met. He felt he was in love, but not as before, when this love was a kind of mystery to him and he would not own, even to himself, that he loved, and when he was persuaded that one could love only once; now he knew he was in love and was glad of it, and knew dimly what this love consisted of and what it might lead to, though he sought to conceal it even from himself. In Nekhludoff, as in every man, there were two beings : one the spiritual, seeking only that kind of happiness for him- self which should tend towards the happiness of all ; the other, the animal man, seeking only his own happiness, and ready to sacrifice to it the happiness of the rest of the world. At this period of his mania of self-love brought on by life in Petersburg and in the army, this animal man 56 Resurrection ruled supreme and completely crushed the spiritual man in him. But when he saw Katusha and experienced the same feel- ings as he had had three years before, the spiritual man in him raised its head once more and began to assert its rights. And up to Easter, during two whole days, an un- conscious, ceaseless inner struggle went on in him. He knew in the depths of his soul that he ought to go away, that there was no real reason for staying on with his aunts, knew that no good could come of it ; and yet it was so pleasant, so delightful, that he did not honestly acknowl- edge the facts to himself and stayed on. On Easter eve, the priest and the deacon who came to the house to say mass had had (so they said) the greatest difficulty in get- ting over the three miles that lay between the church and the old ladies' house, coming across the puddles and the bare earth in a sledge. Nekhludoff attended the mass with his aunts and the ser- vants, and kept looking at Katusha, who was near the door and brought in the censers for the priests. Then having given the priests and his aunts the Easter kiss, though it was not midnight and therefore not Easter yet, he was al- ready going to bed when he heard the old servant Matrona Pavlovna preparing to go to the church to get the koulitch and pdski* blest after the midnight service. " I shall go too," he thought. The road to the church was impassable either in a sledge or on wheels, so Nekhludoff, who behaved in his aunts' house just as he did at home, ordered the old horse, " the brother's horse," to be saddled, and instead of going to bed he put on his gay uniform, a pair of tight-fitting riding breeches and his overcoat, and got on the old over-fed and heavy horse, which neighed continually all the way as he rode in the dark through the puddles and snow to the church. * Easter cakes. Resurrection $J CHAPTER XV. THE EARLY MASS. For Nekhludoff this early mass remained for ever after one of the brightest and most vivid memories of his life. When he rode out of the darkness, broken only here and there by patches of white snow, into the churchyard il- luminated by a row of lamps around the church, the ser- vice had already begun. The peasants, recognising Mary Ivanovna's nephew, led his horse, which was pricking up its ears at the sight of the lights, to a dry place where he could get off, put it up for him, and showed him into the church, which was full of people. On the right stood the peasants ; the old men in home-spun coats, and clean white linen bands* wrapped round their legs, the young men in new cloth coats, bright- coloured belts round their waists, and top-boots. On the left stood the women, with red silk kerchiefs on their heads, black velveteen sleeveless jackets, bright red shirt-sleeves, gay-coloured green, blue, and red skirts, and thick leather boots. The old women, dressed more quietly, stood behind them, with white kerchiefs, home-spun coats, old-fashioned skirts of dark home-spun material, and shoes on their feet. Gaily-dressed children, their hair well oiled, went in and out among them. The men, making the sign of the cross, bowed down and raised their heads again, shaking back their hair. The women, especially the old ones, fixed their eyes on an icon surrounded with candles and made the sign of the cross, firmly pressing their folded fingers to the kerchief on their foreheads, to their shoulders, and their stomachs, and, whispering something, stooped or knelt down. The chil- dren, imitating the grown-up people, prayed earnestly when they knew that they were being observed. The gilt case containing the icon glittered, illuminated on all sides by tall * Long strips of linen are worn by the peasants instead of stock- ings. 58 Resurrection candles ornamented with golden spirals. The candelabra was filled with tapers, and from the choir sounded most merry tunes sung by amateur choristers, with bellowing bass and shrill boys' voices among them. Nekhludoff passed up to the front. In the middle of the church stood the aristocracy of the place : a landed proprie- tor, with his wife and son (the latter dressed in a sailor's suit), the police officer, the telegraph clerk, a tradesman in top-boots, and the village elder, with a medal on his breast ; and to the right of the ambo, just behind the landed pro- prietor's wife, stood Matrona Pavlovna in a lilac dress and fringed shaw^ and Katusha in a white dress with a tucked bodice, blue sash, and red bow in her black hair. Everything seemed festive, solemn, bright, and beauti- ful : the priest in his silver cloth vestments with gold crosses ; the deacon, the clerk and chanter in their silver and gold surplices ; the amateur choristers in their best clothes, with their well-oiled hair ; the merry tunes of the holiday hymns that sounded like dance music ; and the continual blessing of the people by the priests, who held candles decorated with flowers, and repeated the cry of " Christ is risen ! " " Christ is risen ! " All was beautiful ; but, above all, Katusha, in her white dress, blue sash, and the red bow on her black head, her eyes beaming with rap- ture. NekhludofT knew that she felt his presence without look- ing at him. He noticed this as he passed her, walking up to the altar. He had nothing to tell her, but he invented something to say and whispered as he passed her : " Aunt told me that she would break her fast after the late mass." The young blood rushed up to Katusha's sweet face, as it always did when she looked at him. The black eyes, laugh- ing and full of joy, gazed naively up and remained fixed on Nekhludoff. " I know," she said, with a smile. At this moment the clerk was going out with a copper coffee-pot* of holy water in his hand, and, not noticing Katusha, brushed her with his surplice. Evidently he brushed against Katusha through wishing to pass Nekhlu- doff at a respectful distance, and Nekhludoff was surprised that he, the clerk, did not understand that everything here, yes, and in all the world, only existed for Katusha, and that * Coffee-pots are often used for holding holy water in Russia. Resurrection 59 everything else might remain unheeded, only not she, be- cause she was the centre of all. For her the gold glittered round the icons ; for her all these candles in candelabra and candlesticks were alight ; for her were sung these joyful hymns, " Behold the Passover of the Lord," " Rejoice, O ye people ! " All — all that was good in the world was for her. And it seemed to him that Katusha was aware that it was all for her when he looked at her well-shaped figure, the tucked white dress, the wrapt, joyous expression of her face, by which he knew that just exactly the same that was singing in his own soul was also singing in hers. In the interval between the early and the late mass Nekhludoff left the church. The people stood aside to let him pass, and bowed. Some knew him ; others asked who he was. He stopped on the steps. The beggars standing there came clamouring round him, and he gave them all the change he had in his purse and went down. It was dawn- ing, but the sun had not yet risen. The people grouped round the graves in the churchyard. Katusha had re- mained inside. Nekhludoff stood waiting for her. The people continued coming out, clattering with their nailed boots on the stone steps and dispersing over the churchyard. A very old man with shaking head, his aunts' cook, stopped Nekhludoff in order to give him the Easter kiss, his old wife took an egg, dyed yellow, out of her hand- kerchief and gave it to Nekhludoff, and a smiling young peasant in a new coat and green belt also came up. " Christ is risen," he said, with laughing eyes, and com- ing close to Nekhludoff he enveloped him in his peculiar but pleasant peasant smell, and, tickling him with his curly beard, kissed him three times straight on the mouth with his firm, fresh lips. While the peasant was kissing Nekhludoff and giving him a dark brown egg, the lilac dress of Matrona Pavlovna and the dear black head with the red bow appeared. Katusha caught sight of him over the heads of those in front of her, and he saw how her face brightened up. She had come out with Matrona Pavlovna on to the porch, and stopped there distributing alms to the beggars. A beggar with a red scab in place of a nose came up to Katusha. She gave him something, drew nearer him, and, evincing no sign of disgust, but her eyes still shining with 60 Resurrection joy, kissed him three times. And while she was doing this her eyes met Nekhludoff's with a look as if she were asking, "Is this that I am doing right?" 'Yes, dear, yes, it is right ; everything is right, everything is beautiful. I love !" They came down the steps of the porch, and he came up to them. He did not mean to give them the Easter kiss, but only to be nearer to her. Matrona Pavlovna bowed her head, and said with a smile, " Christ is risen ! " and her tone im- plied, " To-day we are all equal." She wiped her mouth with her handkerchief rolled into a ball and stretched her lips towards him. " He is, indeed," answered Nekhludoff, kissing her. Then he looked at Katusha ; she blushed, and drew nearer. " Christ is risen, Dmitri Ivanovitch." He is risen, in- deed," answered Nekhludoff, and they kissed twice, then paused as if considering whether a third kiss were necessary, and, having decided that it was, kissed a third time and smiled. " You are going to the priests ?" asked Nekhludoff. " No, we shall sit out here a bit, Dmitri Ivanovitch," said Katusha with effort, as if she had accomplished some joy- ous task, and, her whole chest heaving with a deep sigh, she looked straight in his face with a look of devotion, vir- gin purity, and love, in her very slightly squinting eyes. In the love between a man and a woman there always comes a moment when this love has reached its zenith — a moment when it is unconscious, unreasoning, and with nothing sensual about it. Such a moment had come for Nekhludoff on that Easter eve. When he brought Ka- tusha back to his mind, now, this moment veiled all else; the smooth glossy black head, the white tucked dress closely fitting her graceful maidenly form, her, as yet, un- developed bosom, the blushing cheeks, the tender shining black eyes with their slight squint heightened by the sleep- less night, and her whole being stamped with those two marked features, purity and chaste love, love not only for him (he knew that), but for everybody and everything, not for the good alone, but for all that is in the world, even for that beggar whom she had kissed. He knew she had that love in her because on that night and morning he was conscious of it in himself, and con- scious that in this love he became one with her. Ah ! if it Resurrection 61 had all stopped there, at the point it had reached that night. " Yes, all that horrible business had not yet happened on that Easter eve ! " he thought, as he sat by the window of the jurymen's room. 62 Resurrection CHAPTER XVI. THE FIRST STEP. When he returned from church Nekhludoff broke the fast with his aunts and took a glass of spirits and some wine, having got into that habit while with his regiment, and when he reached his room fell asleep at once, dressed as he was. He was awakened by a knock at the door. He knew it was her knock, and got up, rubbing his eyes and stretch- ing himself. ' Katusha, is it you? Come in," said he. She opened the door. '' Dinner is ready," she said. She still had on the same white dress, but not the bow in her hair. She looked at him with a smile, as if she had communicated some very good news to him. ' I am coming," he answered, as he rose, taking his comb to arrange his hair. She stood still for a minute, and he, noticing it, threw down his comb and made a step towards her, but at that very moment she turned suddenly and went with quick light steps along the strip of carpet in the middle of the passage. ' Dear me, what a fool I am," thought Nekhludoff. ' Why did I not stop her?" What he wanted her for he did not know himself, but he felt that when she came into his room something should have been done, something that is generally done on such occasions, and that he had left it undone. " Katusha, wait," he said. ' What do you want? " she said, stopping. ' Nothing, only " and, with an effort, remembering how men in his position generally behave, he put his arm round her waist. She stood still and looked into his eyes. ' Don't, Dmitri Ivanovitch, you must not," she said, blushing to tears and pushing away his arm with her strong > ft p.