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A 
 DICTIONARY OF ENGLISH AUTHORS 
 
The publisher will be happy to supply copies of this volume in quires 
 to those who may wish to interleave the book before binding it. 
 
A DICTIONARY 
 
 OF 
 
 English Authors 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 BEING 
 
 A COMPENDIOUS ACCOUNT OF THE LIVES AND WRITINGS 
 
 OF 700 BRITISH WRITERS FROM THE YEAR 1400 
 
 TO THE PRESENT TIME 
 
 BY 
 
 R. FARQUHARSON SHARP 
 
 OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM 
 
 THIRD EDITION, WITH LIST OF ERRATA 
 
 LONDON 
 
 GEORGE REDWAY 
 
RFESE 
 
 PRINTED BY 
 
 OLIVER AND BOYD 
 
 EDINBUROB 
 
PBEFAOE 
 
 The scheme of this work is purely that of a book of reference. In the 
 ease of each author the essential facts in his career are stated as briefly 
 as is practicable, followed by as complete as possible a Ust of the first 
 editions of his works, arranged chronologically. Departure from this 
 rule has been made only in the case of some six or seven writers — 
 Baxter, Bentham, Burnet, Defoe, Halliwell-Phillipps, Prynne, Taylor 
 the * water poet,' Wesley — the number of whose separate publications 
 was so formidable as to render it impracticable to append an exhaustive 
 catalogue of them. In these instances mention has been made of the 
 quarter where a full Ust may be found. ' Works ' is in all cases to be 
 taken as meaning separate pubUcations, as distinct from contribu- 
 tions to periodicals. The latter (as well as instances of editorship of 
 periodicals) are mentioned in their chronological position in the bio- 
 graphical section of each article. The earUest collected edition of an 
 author's works is mentioned, and in most cases the latest or most 
 complete ; a list of works translated or edited by him is appended ; 
 and reference is made to the standard biography of each author, where 
 such exists. 
 
 Where alternative headings present themselves (as in the case of 
 Peers, married women who have written under their maiden name, or 
 writers under a pseudonym), the compiler has selected the form of 
 name under which the individual happens to be most generally known 
 as an author, a cross-reference being supphed from the other form. 
 Exception to this occurs only when an author, more widely known 
 imder his pseudonym, has also written under his own name im- 
 portant works of a different character from those published under the 
 pseudonym. 
 
 It would have been unreasonable to exclude certain prominent 
 American writers whose work may fairly claim to form an integral part 
 of EngHsh literature. 
 
 k 
 
 1G4S28 
 
PREFACE 
 
 The literary eminence of an author (as distinct from special 
 prominence in any art, science, or profession) has been the criterion 
 adopted by the compiler in the difficult task of selection. This will 
 explain the omission of many specialists in science, theology, law, 
 politics, etc., who may have written much upon their own subject; their 
 inclusion depending upon the fact of their having produced work 
 which either is purely literary or is so widely known and read as to 
 bring it within the category of general literature. 
 
 In the case of almost all the living writers dealt with in the volume, 
 biographical or other information has been furnished by themselves, 
 and a proof submitted to them. To the many who have so readily 
 and kindly assisted him in this respect the compiler begs to tender 
 his grateful acknowledgment, as well as to those relatives of dead 
 authors who have supplied valuable detail. In the few cases where 
 lack of response on the part of living authors has deprived their bio- 
 graphies of the completeness desired by the compiler, he would prefer 
 to attribute this to his failure to reach them with his request, rather 
 than to any unwillingness on their part. 
 
 Of those who have generously given him valuable assistance in the 
 shape of suggestion and advice, his thanks are specially due to Dr. 
 Eichard Garnett and Mr. A. W. K. Miller of the British Museum, and 
 Mr. Edmund Gosse. 
 
 R. F. S. 
 
 October, 1897. 
 
 Note. — With the view of bringing the book as far as possible up to 
 date in matters of detail, a short hst of Addenda has been appended, 
 dealing with occurrences and publications while the volume has been 
 passing through the press. 
 

 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF »^ 
 
 A CONCISE 
 
 DICTIONAEY OF ENGLISH LITEEATUEE. 
 
 A'BECKETT (GUbert Abbot), 1811- 
 1856. Born in London, 1 7 Feb. 1811. 
 Educated at Westminster School, 10 
 Jan. 1820 to Aug. 1828. While there 
 edited 'The Censor ' and 'The Literary 
 Beacon' with his brother William. 
 Called to Bar at Gray's Inn, 27 Jan. 
 1841. Life passed in London ; in legal, 
 literary, and journalistic work. Edited 
 'Figaro in London,' 1832-39; contrib. 
 to 'Punch,' 'Times,' 'Morning Herald,' 
 'Illustrated London News.' Married 
 Mary Anne Glossop, 23 June 1835. 
 Police Magistrate at Greenwich, 1849. 
 Subsequently at Woolwich and South - 
 wark. Died, at Boulogne, 30 Aug. 1856. 
 
 Works : ' Scenes from the Rejected 
 Comedies by some of the Competitors 
 for the Prize offered by B. Webster,' 
 1844 ; 'The Small Debts Act, with an- 
 notations, etc.,' 1845 ; 'The Quizziology 
 of the British Drama,' 1846; 'The 
 Comic Blackstone,' 1846; 'The Comic 
 History of England' (2 vols.), 1847-48 ; 
 * The Comic History of Home ' [1852]. 
 A'Beckett was the author of more than 
 fifty plays, burlesques, and operettas, 
 some of which are printed in ' Cumber- 
 land's Minor Theatre,' 'Duncombe's 
 British Drama,' * Lacy's Acting Edi- 
 tion of Plays,' and ' Webster's Acting 
 National Drama.' He edited: 'The 
 Comic Almanack,' 1835-47 ; * Cruik- 
 shank's Table Book,' 1845 ; ' The Al- 
 manack of the Month,' 1846. 
 
 [His son, Gilbert Arthur A'Beckett, 
 1837 - 1891, was born, in London, 
 7 April 1837. To Westminster School, 
 6 June 1869 ; Queen's scholar, 1851. 
 Matric. at Ch. Ch., Oxford, 7 June 
 1855 ; B.A. 1860. Mem. of Lincoln's 
 Inn, 15 Oct. 1857. Clerkship in office 
 of Exam, of Crim. Law Accts., June 
 
 1862. Married Elizabeth Emily Hunt, 
 15 Nov. 1863. Wrote various plays 
 and extravaganzas. Died 15 Oct. 
 1891. He published: 'Lending a 
 Hand' [1865?]; 'Glitter' [1869]; 
 ' The Last of the Legends ' [1873] ; 'In 
 the Clouds' [1874] ; and edited ' Tlie 
 Tomahawk,' Nov. 1868 to June 1870. 
 
 [Arthur William A'Beckett, b. 1844, 
 brother of preceding, was born, in 
 Hammersmith, 25 Oct. 1844. Edu- 
 cated at Kensington and Felstead. 
 Clerkship in War Office, 1861-64. 
 Edited 'The Glow- Worm,' 1864-67; 
 and other periodicals, 1864-74. Cor- 
 respondent to 'Standard' and 'Globe,' 
 1870-71. Private Sec. to Duke of 
 Norfolk, 1872-73. Joined staff of 
 'Punch,' 1874. Married Susannah 
 Frances Wint-low, 17 Feb. 1876. 
 Student of Gray's Inn, 13 June 1877 ; 
 called to Bar, 3 May 1882. Private 
 Sec. to Lord Morley, 1882-83. Master 
 of Revels, Gray's Inn, 1887 ; superin- 
 tended 'Maske of Flowers.' Editor of 
 'Sunday Times,' April 1891 -Dec. 1894. 
 Vice-Pres. of Newspaper Soc, 1891- 
 92 ; Pres., 1893-94. He has published: 
 ' Fallen among Thieves,' 1870 ; ' The 
 Happy Land ' (with Tomline), 1873 ; 
 ' The Doom of St. Querec ' (with Bur- 
 nand), 1875 ; ' Our Holiday in the 
 Scottish Highlands' (with Sambourne), 
 1876 ; ' The Modern Arabian Nights ' 
 (with Sambourne), 1877; 'The Sha- 
 dow Witness' (with Burnand), 1877; 
 ' The Ghost of Greystone Grange,' 
 1878 ; ' The Mystery of Mostyn 
 Manor,' 1878; * The Maske of Flowers,' 
 1887 ; 'Tracked Out,' 1888 ; 'Papers 
 from Pump - Handle Court ' (from 
 ' Punch '), [1889] ; Lyrics for * Captain 
 Tberfese ' and ' La Cigale ' (with Bur- 
 l 
 
ACTON— ADDISON 
 
 nand), 1890; 'Hard Luck,' 1890; 
 contribution to 'The Fate of Fenella,' 
 1892 ; ' The Member for Wrottenbo- 
 rough' (from 'Sunday Times'), [1892]; 
 
 * Green - Room Recollections,' 1896. 
 He edited ' Britannia,' 1869.] 
 
 ACTON (John Emerich Edward 
 Dalberg, Baron Acton), b. 1834. 
 Born, at Naples, 1834. Succeeded to 
 baronetcy on father's death, 31 Jan. 
 1837. Educated at St. Mary's Col- 
 lege, Oscott. Subsequently under 
 the tuition of Dr. Dollinger, of 
 Munich. M.P. for Carlow, 1859-65. 
 Edited *Home and Foreign Review,' 
 1862-64. Returned M.P. for Bridg- 
 north, 1865, but unseated on scrutiny. 
 Married Marie, daughter of Count 
 Arco -Valley, of Munich, 1 Aug. 1865. 
 Created Baron Acton of Aldenham, 
 1 1 Dec. 1869. At Rome during CEou- 
 menical Council, winter of 1869-70. 
 Edited 'The Chronicle'; the 'North 
 British Review.' Dr.Phil., Munich, 
 Aug. 1872. Contrib. to 'Times' on 
 subject of Vatican Decrees, 1874. 
 Contrib. to 'Quarterly Review,' 1877. 
 D.C.L., Oxford, 1887 ; Hon. LL.D. 
 Cambridge, 1888 ; Hon. Fellow, All 
 Souls' Coll., Oxford, 1890. Appointed 
 Lord-in-Waiting, 1892. Regius Prof, 
 of Mod. Hist., Cambridge, 1895. 
 
 Worhs : ' Sendschreiben an einen 
 deutschen Bischof,' 1870 ; ' The War 
 of 1870,' 1871 ; ' Zur Geschichte des 
 Vaticanischen Conciles,' 1871 ; 'The 
 Hist, of Freedom in Antiquity ; and. 
 The Hist, of Freedom in Christianity. 
 Two addresses,' 1877 ; ' Histoire de la 
 Libert^' trans, by L. Borguet, 1878 ; 
 
 * George Eliot : eine biographische 
 Skizze,' trans, by J. Imelmann, 1886 ; 
 
 * Die neuere deutsche Geschichtswis- 
 senschaft,' trans, (from *Eng. Hist. 
 Review'), by J. Imelmann, 1887 ; 'A 
 Lecture on the Study of History,' 1895. 
 
 He has edited : 'Les Matinees 
 Royales,' 1863; Machiavelli's * II 
 Principe ' (introduction to edn. by 
 L. A. Burd), 1891. 
 
 ADDISON (Joseph), 1672-1719. 
 Born, at Milston, Wilts, 1 May 1672. 
 Educated at private schools at 
 Amesbury and Salisbury ; at Lich- 
 
 field School, 1683 ; at Charterhouse 
 [1685-87 ?] ; to Queen's Coll., Oxford, 
 1687. Demyship at Magdalen Coll., 
 1689 ; B.A., 6 May 1691 ; M.A., 14 
 Feb. 1693; Fellowship, 1697-1711. 
 Crown Pension of £300 a year, 1697. 
 To France, autumn of 1699 ; lived in 
 Blois and Paris (1700). Tour in Italy, 
 winter of 1700-01. At Geneva, 1701 ; 
 Vienna, 1702. In Germany, Holland, 
 and return to England, 1703. Member 
 of Kitcat Club. Commissioned to 
 write poem to celebrate Battle of 
 Blenheim, 1704 ; appointed to Under- 
 Secretaryship of State, 1706. With 
 Halifax on Mission to Hanover, 1707. 
 M.P. for Lostwithiel, Nov. 1708 ; 
 election quashed, Dec. 1709. Sec. to 
 Lord Lieut, of Ireland, and Keeper 
 of Records, 1709. Contributed to 
 Steele's * Tatler,' 1709-10. M.P. for 
 Malmesbury, 1710. Published ' Whig 
 Examiner,' (5 nos.) Sept. -Oct., 1710. 
 Bought estate of Bilton in Warwick- 
 shire, 1711. 'Spectator' published 
 daily, 1 March 1711 to Dec. 1712. 
 ' Cato ' produced at Drury Lane, 14 
 April 1713. Contrib. to ' The Guar- 
 dian,' May-Sept. 1713; to Steele's 
 ' Lover,' and to a revived ' Spectator,' 
 June -Sept. 1714. Comedy 'The 
 Drummer' anonymously produced, 
 1715. Resumed political appointments, 
 1715-16. ' The Freeholder' (55 nos.), 
 published anonymously, Dec. 1715- 
 Junel716. Married Countess of War- 
 wick, 3 Aug. 1716. Retired from ap- 
 pointments, March 1718, owing to ill- 
 health. Daughter born, 33 Jan. 1718. 
 Controversy with Steele in 'Old Whig* 
 (2 nos., 19 March and 2 April 1719). 
 Died, in London, 17 June 1719. 
 
 Works : ' Dissertatio de insignior- 
 ibus Romanis poetis,' 1692 ; 'A Poem 
 to His Majesty,' 1695 ; Latin Poem 
 on the Peace of Ryswick, 1697 ; 
 Lat. poems in * Examen Poeticum 
 Duplex,' 1698, and ' Musarum Angli- 
 canarum Analecta,' vol. ii., 1699 ; 
 ' Letters from Italy to the Rt. Hon. 
 Charles, Lord Halifax,' 1703 ; 
 ' Remarks on several Parts of Italy,' 
 1705 ; • The Campaign,' 1705 ; ' Fair 
 Rosamond' (anon.), 1707; 'The 
 Present State of the War' (anon.). 
 
AINSWORTH-AIRD 
 
 3 
 
 1708; Papers in *Tatler,' 1709-10; 
 'Whig Examiner,' 1710; 274 nos. in 
 'Spectator,' 1711-12; * The Late Tryal 
 and Conviction of Count Tarifif' (anon.), 
 1713 ; • Cato,' 1713 ; Papers in « Guar- 
 dian,' 1713; in 'Lover' and new 
 
 * Spectator,' 1714 ; • Essay concerning 
 the Error in distributing modern 
 Medals,' 1715; 'The Drummer' 
 (anon.), 1716 ; [Poetical addresses to 
 JPrincess of Wales and Sir G. Kneller, 
 1716]; 'The Freeholder* (anon.), 
 1715-16 ; Translations of Ovid's 'Me- 
 tamorphoses ' v«rith Dryden and others, 
 1717; 'Two Poems; viz., L On the 
 Deluge. . . . An ode to Dr. Burnett ; 
 II. In praise of Physic and Poetry. 
 An ode to Dr. Hannes' (Lat. and 
 Eng.), 1718; 'The Resurrection: a 
 poem,' 1718 ; ' The Old Whig' (anon.), 
 1719 ; ' The Patrician ' (anon.), 1719. 
 Posthumous : ' Notes upon the twelve 
 books of Paradise Lost ' (from ' Spec- 
 tator'), 1719; 'Skating: a poem' 
 (Lat. and Eng.), 1720; 'Evidences 
 of the Christian Religion,' 1730 ; 
 
 • Discourse on Ancient and Modem 
 Learning,' 1739. Collected Works 
 first published by T. Tickell in 1721. 
 
 Life : by Miss Aikin, 1843 ; by W. 
 J. Courthope, 1884. 
 
 AINSWORTH (William Harrison), 
 1805-1882. Born, in Manchester, 
 4 Feb. 1805. Educated at Manchester 
 Grammar School, 1817-21. Articled 
 in 1821 to Mr. Kay, solicitor, of Man- 
 chester. Contrib. to ' Arliss's Maga- 
 zine,' 'Manchester Iris,' 'Edinburgh 
 Magazine,' ' London Magazine ' ; and 
 started a periodical called ' The Boeo- 
 tian,' of which only six numbers ap- 
 peared. In 1824 to Inner Temple. 
 Married Anne Frances Ebers, 11 Oct. 
 1826. In business as a publisher for 
 eighteen months. Life of literary 
 activity. Visit to Switzerland and 
 Italy, 1830. 'Rookwood' begun in 
 1831. Series of novels published, 
 1834-81. Editor of 'Bentley's Mis- 
 cellany,' March 1839 to Dec. 1841. 
 Edited ' Ains worth's Magazine,' 1842- 
 54. Edited ' New Monthly Magazine,' 
 1845-70. Lived at Kensal Manor 
 House. Entertained by Mayor at 
 
 Banquet in Manchester Town Hall, 
 
 15 Sept. 1881. Died, at Reigate, 
 3 Jan. 1882. Buried at Kensal Green. 
 Works : ' Considerations as to the 
 best means of affording immediate 
 relief to the Operative Classes in the 
 manufacturing districts,' 1826 ; 'Rook- 
 wood ' (anon.), 1834 ; 'Crichton,' 1837; 
 •Jack Sheppard,' 1839; 'Tower of 
 London,' 1840 ; 'Guy Fawkes,' 1841; 
 ' Old St. Paul's,' 1841 ; ' The Miser's 
 Daughter,' 1842 ; ' Windsor Castle,' 
 1843 ; ' St. James's,' 1844 ; ' Lanca- 
 shire Witches,' 1848 ; ' Star Chamber,' 
 1854; 'James the Second,' 1854; 
 ' The Flitch of Bacon,' 1854 ; ' Bal- 
 lads,' 1855; 'Spendthrift,' 1856; 
 'Mervyn CHtheroe ' (in parts), 1857- 
 58; 'The Combat of the Thirty,' 
 1859; 'Ovingdean Grange,' 1860; 
 ' Constable of the Tower,' 1 861 ; ' Lord 
 Mayor of London,' 1862; 'Cardinal 
 Pole,' 1863; 'John Law the Pro- 
 jector,' 1864 ; 'The Spanish Match,' 
 1865 ; ' Auriol,' 1865 ; ' Mjddleton 
 Pomfret,' 1865; 'The Constable de 
 Bourbon,' 1866 ; ' Old Court,' 1867 ; 
 'South Sea Bubble,' 1868; 'Hilary 
 St. Ives,' 1869 ; ' Talbot Harland,' 
 1870 ; ' Tower Hill,' 1871 ; ' Boscobel,' 
 1872; 'The Good old Times,' 1873 ; 
 ' Merry England,' 1874 ; ' The Gold- 
 smith's Wife,' 1875 ; ' Preston Fight,' 
 1875 ; ' Chetwynd Calverley,' 187C ; 
 ' The Leaguer of Lathom,' 1876 ; 
 'The Fall of Somerset,' 1877; 'Bea- 
 trice Tyldesley,' 1878; 'Beau Nash' 
 [1879?]; 'Stanley Brereton,' 1881. 
 The greater part of 'December Tales,' 
 published anonymously in 1823, was 
 Ains worth's work ; ' Sir John Chiver- 
 ton '(anon.), 1826, is probably by Ains- 
 worth and J. P. Aston. Contrib. by 
 A ins worth are in 'Works of Cheviot 
 Tichburn,' 1822, and 'A Summer 
 Evening Tale,' 1825. 
 
 AXED (Thomas), 1802-1876. Born, 
 at Bowden, Roxburghshire, 28 Aug. 
 1802. Educated at Bowden Parish 
 School. To Edinburgh University, 
 1816. Intimate with Carlyle and 
 James Hogg. Contrib. to 'Black- 
 wood ' in 1827. Editor of ' Edinburgh 
 Weekly Journal,' 1832-33. To Dum- 
 1-2 
 
AKENSIDE-ALDPJCH 
 
 fries, 1835. Editor of 'Dumfriesshire 
 and Galloway Herald,' 1835-63. Took 
 part in Burns Centenary, 1859. Pre- 
 sided at banquet at Dumfries for Sir 
 Walter Scott Centenary, 1871. Un- 
 married. Died, at Dumfries, 25 April 
 1876. Buried in St. Michael's Church- 
 yard, Dumfries. 
 
 Works : • Murtzoufle : a tragedy in 
 three acts ; with other Poems,' 1826 ; 
 'Religious Characteristics,' 1827 ; 'The 
 Captive of Fez,' 1830 ; * The Old 
 Bachelor in the Old Scottish Vil- 
 lage,' 1845 ; 'Poetical Works,' 1848. 
 He edited : D. M. Moir's ' Poetical 
 Works,' 1852. Selections from Aird's 
 poems are included in B. Foster's 
 * Summer Scenes,' 1867. 
 
 Memoir: by Rev. J. Wallace, in 
 1878 edn. of 'Poetical Works.' 
 
 AKENSIDE (Mark), 1721-1770. 
 Born, at Newcastle-on-Tyno, 9 Nov. 
 1721. Educated at Free School and 
 private school in Newcastle. Contrib. 
 two poems to * Gentleman's Magazine' 
 in 1737. In 1738 began to write 
 ' The Pleasures of Imagination.' Sent 
 in 1739 to Edinburgh, at Newcastle 
 Dissenters' expense, to study for 
 ministry. Soon abandoned theology 
 for medicine. Member of Medical 
 Soc. of Edinburgh, 30 Dec. 1740, In 
 1741 to Newcastle. To London, 1743. 
 Sold MS. of 'Pleasures of Imagi- 
 nation ' to Dodsley. Tour in Hol- 
 land, 1744. Degree of Doctor of 
 Physic at Leyden, 16 May 1744. 
 Bought practice at Northampton, 
 June 1744. To London in winter of 
 1745. Practice at North End, Hamp- 
 stead, 1745-47 ; set up in practice in 
 Bloomsbury, winter of 1747. Editor 
 of ' The Museum ' magazine, Jan. 
 1746 to 1747. M.D., Cambridge, Jan. 
 1753. r.R.S., 1753. Fellow of Coll. 
 of Physicians, April 1754 ; delivered 
 Gulstonian Lectures, Sept. 1755 ; 
 Croonian Lectures, 1756. Principal 
 Physician to Christ's Hospital, March 
 1759. Lived in Burlington St., 1760- 
 70. Physician to Queen, 1761. Died, 
 in London, 23 June 1770. Buried in 
 St. James's church. 
 
 Works: 'On the Winter Solstice' 
 
 and ' Love' (privately printed), 1740 ; 
 'An Epistle to the Rev. Mr. War- 
 burton,' 1744 J ' Dissertatio . . . de 
 ortu et increment© Foetus humani,' 
 1744 ; * The Pleasures of Imagination ' 
 (anon.), 1744 ; 'An Epistle to Curio * 
 (anon.), 1744 ; ' Odes on Several Sub- 
 jects ' (anon.), 1745 ; * Ode to the 
 Earl of Huntingdon,' 1748 ; ' The 
 Remonstrance of Shakespeare,' 1749 ; 
 revised version of * The Pleasures of 
 Imagination,' 1757; 'Ode to the 
 Country Gentlemen of England,' 1758 ; 
 ' Call to Aristippus,' 1758 ; * Notes on 
 the Postscript to a Pamphlet, entitled, 
 Observations Anatomical ... by A. 
 Monro' (anon.), 1758 ; several poems, 
 including ' Hymn to the Naiads,' in 
 
 * Dodsley's Miscellany,' vol. vi. 1758 ; 
 
 * Oratio anniversaria quam ex Harveii 
 instituto in theatre CoUegii Medicorum 
 Londinensis . . . mdoolix., habuit 
 Marcus Akenside,' 1760 ; ' De Dysen- 
 teria commentarius, ' 1764; 'Ode 
 to the late Thomas Edwards,' 1766. 
 
 Collected Poems: ed. by Dyson, 
 1772; 'Works,' with life by Mrs. 
 Barbauld, 1808. 
 
 ALDRICH (Henry), 1647-1710. 
 Born, in Westminster, 1647. Edu- 
 cated at Westminster School under 
 Busby. Student of Ch. Ch., Oxford, 
 1662. B.A., May 1666 ; M.A., AprU 
 1669. Rector of Wem, Shropshire. 
 B.D. and D.D., March, 1681. Canon 
 of Ch. Ch., Feb. 1681 ; Dean, June 
 1689 to Dec. 1710. Member of Eccle- 
 siastical Commission, 1689. Wrote 
 'Artis LogicBB Compendium' (still 
 used as text-book at Oxford), 1691. 
 Vice-Chancellor, 1692-94. Died, at 
 Ch. Ch., 14 Dec. 1710. Buried in 
 Cathedral. Musician ; composed an- 
 thems and catches. Student of Chem- 
 istry. Unmarried. 
 
 Works : * A Reply to two Discourses 
 (by A. Woodhead) . . . concerning 
 the Adoration of our Blessed Saviour ' 
 (anon.), 1687 ; 'A Vindication of the 
 Oxford Reply to two Discourses, etc.' 
 (anon.), [1688 ?] ; ' Artis Logicse Com- 
 pendium ' (anon.), 1691; 'A Narra- 
 tive of the Proceedings of the Lower 
 House of Convocation ... 10 Feb. 
 
ALEX ANDER— A LFORD 
 
 1700 to 5 June 1701,' 1701 ; ' Institu- 
 tionis Geometricae pars prima, etc' 
 (anon.), [1709]. 
 
 Posthumous: * Elementorum Archi- 
 tecturae pars prima, etc.* [1750]. 
 He edited: Aristeas' Histories, 1692 ; 
 Plato's ' Symposium,' 1711 ; Josephus' 
 Works, 1726. 
 
 ALEXANDER (William), Earl of 
 StirUng, 1567 [?]- 1640. Born, at 
 Menstrie, near Alloa, 1567 [?]. Prob- 
 ably educated at Stirling Grammar 
 School. Abroad as travelling tutor 
 to Earl of Argyle ; afterwards tutor 
 to Prince Henry of Scotland. Became 
 Gentleman of the Chamber to Prince 
 Henry. Married Janet Erskine, 1604. 
 Appointed Collector of Crown Taxes, 
 1608. Knighted, 1609. At death of 
 Prince Henry, appointed Gentleman 
 of Chamber to Prince Charles, 1612. 
 Working gold and silver mines in 
 Scotland, 1613. Intimacy with Drum- 
 mond of Hawthornden begun. Ap- 
 pointed Master of Requests, 1614. 
 Received charter granting him juris- 
 diction over Nova Scotia and Canada, 
 1621. Secretary of State for Scotland, 
 1626-40. Created Lord Alexander of 
 Tullibody and Viscount Stirling, 1630. 
 Extraordinary Judge of Court of 
 Session, 1631. Created Earl of Stir- 
 ling and Viscount Canada, 1633 ; 
 Earl of Devon, 1639. Died, in London, 
 12 Sept. 1640. Buried in High Church, 
 Stirling. 
 
 Worhs : ' The Tragedie of Darius,' 
 
 1603 ; ' A Paraenesis to the Prince,' 
 1604; *The Monarchick Tragedies,' 
 
 1604 (another edn., ' newly enlarged,' 
 1607); 'Avrora,' 1604; 'The Alex- 
 andraean,' 1605 ; ' An Elegie on the 
 Death of Prince Henrie,' 1612 ; Com- 
 pletion of pt. iii. of Sir Philip Sid- 
 ney's 'Arcadia,' 1613; 'Doomes-dav,' 
 bks. i.-iv., 1614 ; bk^. v.-xii., 1637 ; 
 ' An Encouragement to Colonies,' 
 1624 ; ' Recreations with the Muses,' 
 1637. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Register of Royal 
 Letters relative to . . . Scotland and 
 Nova Scotia,' ed. by C. Rogers, 2 
 vols., 1884-85. 
 
 Life : by Charles Rogers, 1877. 
 
 ALFORD (Henry), 1810-1871. 
 Born, in London, 10 Oct. 1810. Edu- 
 cated at Charmouth, 1817-21 ; at 
 Hammersmith, 1821-23 ; at Ilminster 
 Grammar School, 1824-27 ; pupil of 
 Rev. J. Bickersteth at Aston, 1827-28. 
 To Trinity Coll., Cambridge, Oct. 1828. 
 Bell Scholarship, 1831. Eighth Classic 
 and 34th Wrangler, Jan. 1832. B.A., 
 1832 ; M.A., 1835. Curate to his 
 father at Ampton, 1833. Fellowship ab 
 Trinity Coll., 1834-35. Married Fanny 
 Alford, 10 March 1835. Vicar of 
 Wyineswold, 1835-53. Hulsean Lec- 
 turer at Cambridge, 1841-42. Occu- 
 pied on edition of Greek Test., 1845- 
 61. B.D., Cambridge, Nov. 1849. To 
 Quebec Chapel, Marylebone, 1853. 
 Dean of Canterbury, 1857-71. D.D., 
 1859. Contrib. to 'Sunday Mag.,' 
 1868-70. In last years of life lived 
 partly at Canterbury, partly at Vine's 
 Gate, Sevenoaks. Died, 12 Jan. 
 1871. 
 
 Works : * Poems and Poetical Frag- 
 ments,' 1833 ; ' Address to the In- 
 habitants of Bury St. Edmunds,' 
 1834 ; ♦ Faith Explained,' 1834 ; 'The 
 School of the Heart,' 1835 ; ' Hymns,' 
 1836 ; * The Clergy Watchmen,' 1840 ; 
 ♦ The Abbot of Mucheluay,' 1841 ; 
 'Hulsean Lectures,' 1842-43 ; 'Psalms 
 and Hymns,' 1844 ; ''npoyv/ivac/iara,' 
 1845 ; ' Poetical Works,' 1845 ; 'His- 
 tory and Description ... of St. Mary's, 
 Wymeswold,' 1846; 'Plain Village 
 Sermons,' 1846; 'The Inspiration of 
 Holy Scripture,' 1849 ; Vol. i. of 
 Greek Testament, 1849 ; ' Four Lec- 
 tures,' 1849; 'Sermons,' 1850; 'Se- 
 lect Poetical Works,' 1851 ; Vol. ii. 
 of Greek Testament, 1852 ; ' Poems ' 
 (American edn.), 1853 ; ' Memoir of 
 the Rev. H. Alford,' 1854 ; 'English 
 Descriptive Poetry,' 1854 ; ' Quebec 
 Chapel Sermons,' vol. i., 1854 ; voL 
 ii., 1855; vols. iii. -v., 1856; vols, vi,, 
 vii., 1857 ; Vol. iii. of Greek Test, 
 1856; 'Homilies on Acts of the Apos- 
 tles,' 1857 ; 'Pulpit Eloquence of 17th 
 Cent.,' 1858; 'Four Sermons on the 
 Parable of the Sower,' 1858 ; Vol. iv. 
 pt. i. of Greek Test., 1859; pt. ii., 
 
 1860 ; Odyssey of Homer translated, 
 
 1861 ; ' New Testament for English 
 
ALTSON— ALLEN 
 
 Keaders,' vol. i. pt. i., 1862 ; 'Mourn- 
 ing and Praise,' 1862; 'Sermons on 
 Christian Doctrine,' 1862; 'The 
 Queen's English '(from 'Good Words'), 
 1863; 'Church Movement in our 
 Day,' 1863 ; ' Letters from Abroad ' 
 (from ' Good Words '), 1864 ; ' Medi- 
 tations on Advent ' (from * Good 
 Words'), 1865 ; ' The Year of Prayer,' 
 1866 ; 'Wtek of Prayer,' 1866 ; 'True 
 and False Guides,' 1866 ; * Eastertide 
 Sermons,' 1866 ; ' How to Study the 
 New Testament,' vol. i., 1866 ; vol. 
 ii., 1867 ; vol. iii., 1870 ; ' The Year of 
 Praise,' 1867 ; 'Essays and Addresses,' 
 1869 ; 'The State of the Blessed Dead,' 
 1869; 'The Coming of the Bridegroom,' 
 1869; 'Our Lord and His Twelve 
 Disciples,' 1869 ; 'The Riviera,' 1870 ; 
 'The Lord's Prayer,' 1870 ; 'The New 
 Testament after the Authorized Ver- 
 sion Revised,' 1870; 'Biblical Revi- 
 sion,' 1870; 'The Compacted Body,' 
 1870. [Alford also published various 
 minor Sermons and Addresses in 
 pamphlet form.] 
 
 Posthumous: 'Truth and Trust,' 
 
 1871 ; ' Genesis and part of Exodus 
 for English Readers,' 1872; 'The 
 Sons of God Known and Unknown,' 
 
 1872 ; * Life, Journal, and Letters,' 
 ed. by his widow, 1873; 'Fireside 
 Homilies' (from 'The Sunday Mag.'), 
 1875 [1874]. He edited : John Donne's 
 * Works,' 1839 ; ' Reminiscences by a 
 Clergyman's Wife,' 1866. 
 
 ALISON (.S-ir Arcliihald), 1792-1867. 
 Born, at Kenley, Shropshire, 29 Dec. 
 1792. Educated by private tutor at 
 Edinburgh, 1800-05. To Edinburgh 
 University, Nov. 1805. Began to 
 study Law, 1810. Called to Bar, 8 
 Dec. 1814. Visit to Paris, 1814 ; 
 Switzerland, 1816 ; Ireland, 1817 ; 
 Italy, 1818 ; Switzerland and Ger- 
 many, 1821. Appointed Advocate 
 Depute, Feb. 1823. Married Eliza- 
 beth Glencairu Tytler, 21 March 1825. 
 Engaged on ' History of Europe, ' 
 1829-42. Contrib. to 'Blackwood,' 
 1830-32, 1845-46, 1849-51. Visit to 
 Paris, 1833. Appointed Sheriff of 
 Lanarkshire, Oct. 1834. Left Edin- 
 burgh for Glasgow, Feb. 1835. Lived 
 
 in Glasgow till death. Prominent in 
 quelling various strikes and riots 
 1837-58. Lord Rector of Marischal 
 Coll., Aberdeen, 1845. Lord Rector 
 of Glasgow Univ., 1851. Created 
 Baronet, 1852. Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 
 1852. Engaged on second ' History 
 of Europe,' 1853-59. Died, 23 May 
 1867. Buried in Glasgow. 
 
 Works: 'Travels in France ' (anon, 
 with P. F. Tytler), 1815 ; 'Principles 
 of the Criminal Law of Scotland,' 
 1832 ; ' Practice of the Criminal Law 
 of Scotland,' 1833 ; * History of Europe 
 during the French Revolution ' (10 
 vols.), 1833-42; 'The Principles of 
 Population,' 1840 ; 'Free Trade and 
 Protection ' (from ' Blackwood'), 1844; 
 ' England in 1815 and 1845,' 1845 ; 
 'Free Trade and a Fettered Currency,* 
 1847 ; ' The Military Life of John, 
 Duke of Marlborough,' 1848 ; 'Essays,' 
 1850 ; ' Inaugural Address as Lord 
 Rector of Glasgow Univ.,' 1851 ; 
 ' History of Europe from the Fall of 
 Napoleon in 1815 to the Accession of 
 Louis Napoleon in 1852 * (8 vols. ), 
 1853-59 ; ' The British Empire,' 1856 ; 
 ' Lives of Lord Castlereagh and Sir 
 C. Stewart,' 1861. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Some Account of My 
 Life and Writings : an Autobiography,* 
 ed. by Lady Alison, 1883. 
 
 ALLEN (Charles Grant Blairfindie), 
 b. 1848. Born, at Kingston, Canada, 
 24 Feb. 1848. Family removed to 
 New Haven, Connecticut, 1857. Edu- 
 cated by tutor there ; at Dieppe ; and 
 at King Edward's School, Birmingham. 
 Postmaster, Merton Coll., Oxford, 19 
 Oct. 1867; B.A., 1871. Classical 
 Lecturer, Brighton Coll., 1872-73. 
 Prof, of Classics, Queen's Coll., Spanish 
 Town, Jamaica, 1873; Piincipal, 
 1874-76. Returned to England, 1876; 
 devoted himself to literature. Lived 
 in London. Contrib. to ' Cornhill 
 Magazine,' 'Daily News,' 'Globe,' 'St. 
 James's Gazette,' ' Pall Mall Gazette.' 
 Of late years has resided in Surrey. 
 
 Works: 'Physiological Esthetics,' 
 1877 ; ' The Colour Sense,' 1879 ; 
 ' The Evolutionist at Large ' (from ' St. 
 James's Gazette '), 1881 ; * Early 
 
AMORY— ARBUTHNOT 
 
 Britain : Anglo-Saxon Britain,' 1881 ; 
 
 * Vignettes from Nature * (from * Pall 
 Mall Gazette '), 1881 ; * Colin Clout's 
 Calendar' (from 'St. James's Gazette'), 
 1883 ; * The Colour of Flowers,' 1882 ; 
 
 * Flowers and their Pedigrees,' 1883 ; 
 'Nature Studies ' (with Wilson, Foster, 
 etc.), 1883 ; ' Biographies of Working 
 Men,' 1884 ; * Strange Stories ' (from 
 
 * Belgravia ' and ' Longman's Maga- 
 zine ' ; there under pseud, of * J. 
 Arbuthnot Wilson '), 1884 ; 'Philistia' 
 (under pseud, of ' Cecil Power '), 1884 ; 
 •Babylon,' 1885; 'Charles Darwin,' 
 1885 ; ♦ For Maimie's Sake,* 1886 ; 
 ' Kalee's Shrine ' (with M. Cotes), 
 1886; 'In All Shades,' 1886; 'The 
 Beckoning Hand,' 1887 ; 'A Terrible 
 Inheritance,' 1887 ; 'Common Sense 
 Science,' 1887; 'The Devil's Die,' 
 1888; 'This Mortal Coil,' 1888; 
 'The White Man's Foot,' 1888; 
 'Force and Energy,' 1888; 'Dr. 
 Palliser's Patient,' 1889 ; 'Falling in 
 Love,' 1889; 'The Jaws of Death,' 
 1889 ; 'A Living Apparition,' 1889 ; 
 'The Tents of Shem,' 1889; 'The 
 Sole Trustee,' 1890; 'The Great 
 Taboo,' 1890 ; 'Dumaresq's Daughter,' 
 1891 ; ' Recalled to Life,' 1891 ; 
 'What's Bred in the Bone,' 1891; 
 ' The Tidal Thames,' 1892 ; ' Science 
 in Arcady,' 1892; 'The Duchess of 
 Powysland,' 1892; 'Blood Royal,' 
 1893; 'Ivan Greet's Masterpiece,' 
 1893 ; ' Michael's Crag,' 1893 ; 'The 
 Scallywag, ' 1893 ; ' Post - Prandial 
 Philosophy' (from ' Westminster Gaz- 
 ette '), 1894 ; ' At Market Value,' 
 1894; 'The Lower Slopes,' 1894; 
 ' The British Barbarians,' 1895 ; 'In 
 Memoriam G. P. Macdonell,' 1895 ; 
 •The Story of the Plants,' 1895; 
 ' Under Sealed Orders,' 1895 ; ' The 
 Woman who Did,' 1895; 'Moorland 
 Idylls,' 1896 ; 'The Jaws of Death,' 
 1896; 'A Splendid Sin,' 1896. He 
 hsiB translated : Catullus' 'Attis,' 1892. 
 
 AMORY (Thomas), 1691 - 1788. 
 Born, 1691. Very secluded life, spent 
 partly in Ireland, partly in London. 
 Married. Died, 25 Nov. 1788. 
 
 Works : ' Memoirs of several Ladies 
 of Gre^t Britain ' (anon.), 1755; 'A 
 
 Letter to the Reviewers' (anon., re- 
 ferring to preceding), 1755; 'The 
 Life of John Buncle, Esq.' (anon.), 
 2 vols., 1756-66; 'An Antiquarian 
 Doctor's Sermon ' (anon., attrib. to 
 Amory), 1768; 'A Dialogue on De- 
 votion ' (anon. ), no date. 
 
 AEBUTHNOT (John), 1667-1735. 
 Born, at Arbuthnot, Kincardineshire, 
 1667 ; baptized 29 April. Educated 
 at [Marischal Coll. ?] Aberdeen. Set- 
 tled in London, 1691 ; taught mathe- 
 matics. At University Coll., Oxford, 
 as Fellow-Commoner, 6 Oct. 1694-96. 
 Took M.D. degree, St. Andrew's Uni- 
 versity, 11 Sept. 1696. Married, 
 about 1702. F.R.S., 30 Nov. 1704. 
 Physician Extraordinary to Queen 
 Anne, 30 Oct. 1705 ; Physician iii 
 Ordinary, Nov. 1709. Fellow of Roy. 
 Coll. of Physicians, 27 April 1710 ; 
 Second Censor, 30 Sept. 1723 ; 'Elect,' 
 5 Oct. 1727 ; Harveian Orator, 18 
 Oct. 1727. Physician at Chelsea Hos- 
 pital, 1713. Formed ' Scriblerus Club ' 
 with Swift, Pope, Gay, and Parnell, 
 1714. Visits to France, 1714 and 1718. 
 Ill health in later years. Contrib. to 
 ' London Magazine,' 1732. To Hamp- 
 stead, 1734. Died, in London, 27 
 Feb. 1735. Buried in St. James's 
 Church, Piccadilly. 
 
 Works : ' Of the Laws of Chance ' 
 (anon.), 1692; 'Theses Medicae de 
 Secretione Animali,' 1696 ; ' An Ex- 
 amination of Dr. Woodward's Account 
 of the Deluge ' (under initials : J. A., 
 M.D.), 1697 ; ' An Essay on the Use- 
 fulness of Mathematical Learning,' 
 1701 ; ' Tables of the Grecian, Roman, 
 and Jewish Measures' [1705]; 'A 
 Sermon Preach'd ... at the Mercat- 
 Cross' (anon.), 1706; 'Proposals for 
 printing a very curious diiicourse . . . 
 intitled '^evdoXoyia IIoXiTiKrj ' (anon.), 
 1712; 'The History of John Bull' 
 (anon. ; in six pamphlets : (i.) 'Law 
 is a Bottomless Pit '; (ii.) ' John Bull 
 in his Senses'; (iii.) 'John Bull still 
 in his Senses ' ; (iv. ) * An Appendix ' 
 to preceding ; (vi. ) ' Lewis Baboon 
 turned Honest'), 1712 ; 'Three Hours 
 after Marriage ' (with Gay and Pope), 
 1717; 'Reasons humbly offer 'd by 
 
ARCHEB— ARNOLD 
 
 the Company ... of Upholders ' 
 (anon.), 1724; 'Tables of Ancient 
 Coins' (anon.), 1727 ; ' O ratio Anni- 
 rersaria Harvseiana,' 1727 ; ' Miscel- 
 lanies in Prose and Verse' (3 vols.), 
 1727 (another ed., 4 vols., 1727-32) ; 
 ' An Essay concerning the Nature of 
 Ailments' (2 vols.), 1731-32; 'A 
 Brief Account of Mr. John Gingli- 
 cutt's Treatise' (anon.), 1731; *An 
 Essay concerning the Eflfects of Air,' 
 1733; Tvw^i Seaurov,' 1734. [A 
 further list of anonymous works at- 
 tributed to Arbuthnot is given in 
 Aitken's * Life and Works' of Arbuth- 
 not, 1892.] 
 
 Collected Worhs : In 2 vols., 1751 
 [1750] ; enlarged ed., with memoir, 
 1770. 
 
 Life : By G. A. Aitken, 1892. 
 
 ARCHER (William), b. 1858. Born, 
 at Perth, 23 Sept. 1856. Educated 
 at Edinburgh University, 1872-76 ; 
 M.A., 1876. On staff of 'Edinburgh 
 Evening News,' 1875-78. Visit to 
 Australia, 1876-77. Student of Mid- 
 dle Temple, 2 Nov. 1878 ; called to 
 Bar, 17 Nov. 1883. Dramatic critic 
 of 'London Figaro,' 1879-81. Ap- 
 pointed dramatic critic of 'The World,' 
 1884. Instrumental in production of 
 Ibsen's plays in London. 
 
 Worhs: 'The Fashionable Tra- 
 gedian' (anon., with R. W. Lowe), 
 1877 (2nd edn., with postscript, same 
 year) ; * English Analyses of the 
 French Plays represented ... by the 
 Comedie Frangaise ' (from ' London 
 Figaro'), 1879; 'English Dramatists of 
 To-day,' 1882 ; 'Henry Irving,' 1883 ; 
 •About the Theatre,' 1886; 'Masks 
 or Faces?' 1888; 'William Charles 
 Macready' ('Eminent Actors ' series), 
 1890 ; 'The Theatrical "World" for 
 1893, etc' (criticisms reprinted yearly 
 from 'The World'), 1894, etc. 
 
 He has translated: Ibsen's 'Doll's 
 House,' 1889; 'Ibsen's Prose Dramas,' 
 1890, etc., and ' Rosmersholm,' 1891 ; 
 Kielland's 'Tales of Two Countries,' 
 1891; Ibsen's 'Peer Gynt' (with 
 C. Archer), 1892; Ibsen's 'Master 
 Builder ' (with E. Gusse), 1893 ; 
 JJansen's 'Eskimo Life,' 1893; Ejiaupt- 
 
 mann's ' Hannele,' 1894 ; Ibsen's 
 'Little Eyolf,' 1895. Has edited: 
 'Alan's Wife,' 1893; Leigh Hunt's 
 ' Dramatic Essays,' 1894 ; Hazlitt's 
 'Dramatic Essays,' 1895 ; and is 
 editor of ' Eminent Actors * series, 
 1890, etc. 
 
 ARNOLD (-Sir Edwin), b. 1832. Born 
 10 June 1832. At King's School, 
 Rochester, 1845-50. At King's Coll., 
 London, 1850-51. Scholarship at Uni- 
 versity Coll., Oxford, 1851 ; Newdi- 
 gate Prize Poem, 1852 ; B.A., 1854 ; 
 M.A., 1856. To King Edward's School, 
 Birmingham, as Assistant Master, 
 1854. Principal of Govt. Sanscrit 
 Coll. at Poena, and Fellow of Bombay 
 University, 1857. Joined staff of 
 'Daily Telegraph,' 1861. F.R.G.S., 
 Jan. 1875 to May 1887. C.S.I., 1 Jan. 
 1877. Siamese Order of White Ele- 
 phant (on publication of * The Light 
 of Asia'), 1879. Second Class of 
 Imperial Order of Medjidieh, 1876 ; 
 Imperial Order of Osmanieh, 1886. 
 K.C.I.E., 1888. Japanese Imperial 
 Order of Rising Sun, 1892. Pres. of 
 Birmingham and Midland Institute 
 for 1893. Mem. Royal Asiatic Soc. 
 Resides in London. 
 
 Works : 'The Feast of Belshazzar,' 
 1852 ; 'Poems, Narrative and Lyrical,' 
 1853 ; ' Griselda,' 1856 ; 'The Wreck 
 of the Northern Belle,' 1857 ; 'Edu- 
 cation in India,' 1860 ; ' The Marquis 
 of Dalhousie's Administration,' 1862 ; 
 ♦ The Poets of Greece,' 1869 ; ' Simple 
 Transliteral Grammar of the Turkish 
 Language,' 1877 ; ' The Light of Asia,' 
 1879 ; 'Indian Poetry' (in 'Trubner's 
 Oriental Series'), 1881; 'Pearls of 
 the Faith,' 1883; 'The Secret of 
 Death,' 1885; 'India Revisited' 
 (from 'DaUy Telegraph'), 1886; 
 'Lotus and Jewel,' 1887; 'Poems, 
 National and Non-Oriental' (selected), 
 1888 ; ' With Sa'di in the Garden,' 
 1888 J 'In my Lady's Praise,' 1889 ; 
 'The Light of the World,' 1891; 
 ' Seas and Lands ' (from ' Daily Tele- 
 graph'), 1891 ; * Japonica' (from 'Scrib- 
 ner's Magazine '), 1892 [1891] ; ' Poti- 
 phar's Wife,' 1892 ; ' Adzuma,' 1893 ; 
 ' Wandering Words,' 1894 ; ' The 
 
ARNOLD 
 
 Tenth Muse,' 1895; 'East and 
 West,' 1896; 'Victoria, Queen and 
 Empress' (from 'Daily Telegraph'), 
 1896. 
 
 He has translated: 'The Book of 
 Good Counsel,' from ' Hitopadesa,' 
 1861; 'Political Poems by Victor 
 Hugo and Garibaldi' (under initials : 
 E. A.), 18C8; 'Hero and Leander,' 
 from Musaeus [1873] ; ' The Indian 
 Song of Songs,' from 'Jayadeva,' 
 1875 ; • Indian Idylls,' from the 
 ♦Mahabharata,' 1883; 'The Song 
 Celestial,' from the 'Mah^bhSrata,' 
 1885 ; 'The Chaurapanchasika, * 1896. 
 
 ABNOLD (Matthew), 1822-1888. 
 Born, at Laleham, 24 Dec. 1822. Edu- 
 cated till 1836 at Laleham ; at Win- 
 chester, 1836-37 ; at Rugby, 1837-41. 
 Family removed to Rugby (where his 
 father was headmaster) in 1828. Scho- 
 larship at Balliol Coll., Oxford, Nov. 
 1840. To BalUol, Oct. 1841. Hert- 
 ford Scholarship, 1842 ; Newdigate 
 Prize, 1843 ; B.A., Dec. 1844 ; M.A., 
 1853 ; Fellow of Oriel Coll., 28 March 
 1845 to 6 April 1852. Private Sec. to 
 Lord Lansdowne, 1847-51. Married 
 Fanny Lucy Wightman, 10 June 1851. 
 For a short time Assistant Master at 
 Rugby, 1851. Appointed Lay In- 
 spector of Schools, 1851. Prof, of 
 Poetry at Oxford, 1857-67. Visits to 
 France, Germany, and Holland on 
 education business, 1859, 1865 and 
 1866. Hon. LL.D., Edinburgh, 1869 ; 
 Hon. D.O.L., Oxford, 21 June 1870 ; 
 Order of Commander of Crown of Italy 
 (in recognition of his tutorship of the 
 Duke of Genoa), 1871 . Rede Lecturer 
 at Cambridge, 1882. Hon. LL.D., 
 Cambridge, 1883. Visits to America, 
 1883 and 1886. Died, 15 April 1888. 
 Buried at Laleham. 
 
 Works: 'Alario at Rome,' 1840; 
 ' Cromwell,' 1843 ; ' The Strayed Re- 
 veller,' by A., 1849 ; 'Empedocles on 
 Etna,' 1852; 'Poems' (Ist series), 1853; 
 • Poems ' (2nd series), 1855 ; ' Merope,' 
 1858 ; * England and the Italian 
 Question,' 1859 ; ' Popular Education 
 in France,' 1861 ; ' On Translating 
 Homer,' 1861 ; ' Last Words on 
 Translating Homer,' 1862 ; ' A French 
 
 Eton,' 1S64 ; 'Essays in Criticism' 
 (1st series), 1865 ; * New Poems,' 
 1867 ; • On the Study of Celtic 
 Literature,' 1867; 'Saint Brandan' 
 (from 'Eraser's Magazine'), 1867; 
 ' Schools and Universities on the Con- 
 tinent, 1868; 'Poems' (collected), 
 1869 ; 'Culture and Anarchy,' 1869 ; 
 'St. Paul and Protestantism,' 1870; 
 'Friendship's Garland,' 1871; *A 
 Bible Reading for Schools,' 1872; 
 * Literature and Dogma,' 1873 ; 
 ' Higher Schools and Universities in 
 Germany ' (part of ' Schools and 
 Universities on the Continent,* re- 
 printed), 1874 ; 'God and the Bible,' 
 1875 ; * The Great Prophecy of Israel's 
 Restoration,' 1875 ; * Last Essays on 
 Church and Religion,' 1877 ; ' Mixed 
 Essays,' 1879 ; 'Geist's Grave' (from 
 'Fortuigbtly Review') 1881 ; 'Irish 
 Essays,' 1882 ; 'Isaiah of Jerusalem,' 
 1883 ; 'Discourses in America,' 1885; 
 'Essays in Criticism' (2nd series), 
 1888 ; ' Special Report on Elementary 
 Education Abroad,' 1888 ; ' Civiliza- 
 tion in the United States,' 1888. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Reports on Elemen- 
 tary Schools,' 1889 ; 'On Home Rule 
 for Ireland' (two letters to the 'Times;' 
 priv. ptd.), 1891 ; 'Letters,' ed. by 
 G. W. E. Russell (2 vols.), 1895. 
 
 He edited : selections from John- 
 son's ' Lives of the Poets,' 1878 ; 
 Wordsworth's Poems (in ' Golden 
 Treasury Series '), 1879 ; Byron's 
 Poems (in ' Golden Treasury Series '), 
 1881 ; 'Burke's Letters, Speeches, and 
 Tracts on Irish Affairs,' 1881. He 
 contributed : an introduction to ' The 
 Hundred Greatest Men,' 1879 ; three 
 essays to T. H. Ward's 'English 
 Poets,' 1880 ; an introduction to J. 
 Smith's 'Natural Truth of Chris- 
 tianity,' 1882; * Sainte-Beuve ' to 
 'Encyclopaedia Britannica,' 1886; on 
 •Schools' to T. H. Ward's 'Reign 
 of Queen Victoria,' 1887. 
 
 ARNOLD (Thomas), 1795-1842. 
 [Father of preceding.] Born, at East 
 Cowes, 13 June, 1795. At school in 
 Warminster, 1803-07 ; at Winchester, 
 1807-11. To Corpus Christi Coll., 
 Oxford, as scholar, 1811 ; B.A., 27 
 
10 
 
 ASCHAM 
 
 Oct. 1814 ; M.A., 19 June 1817 ; 
 Chancellor's Latin Essay Prize, 1815 ; 
 Chancellor's English Essay Prize, 
 1817 ; Fellow of Oriel Coll., 1815-19. 
 Ordained Deacon, Dec. 1818. Settled 
 at Laleham-on -Thames to take pupils, 
 1819. Contrib. to 'British Critic,' 
 1819-20. Married Mary Penrose, 11 
 Aug. 1820. Contrib. to 'Quarterly 
 Review,' 1825; to 'Edinburgh Re- 
 view,' 1826 and 1836. Wrote 'History 
 of the later Roman Commonwealth,' 
 for ' Encyclopaedia Metropolitana,' 
 1821-27. B.D., 29 March 1828 ; 
 D.D., 17 Dec. 1828. Ordained Priest, 
 June 1828 ; Head Master of Rugby, 
 Aug. 1828 to June 1842. Contrib. to 
 
 * Sheffield Courant,' 1831-32; to 
 ' Quarterly Journal of Education,' 
 1834-35. Purchased Fox How, West- 
 moreland, 1832. Contrib. to 'Hert- 
 ford Reformer,' 1839-41. Regius 
 Professor of History at Oxford, 1841. 
 Died suddenly, at Rugby, 12 June 
 1842. 
 
 Works: 'The Effects of Distant 
 Colonization on the Parent State ' 
 (privately printed), 1815; 'The 
 Christian Duty of Granting the 
 Claims of the Roman Catholics,' 
 1829; 'Sermons' (3 vols.), 1829-34; 
 
 * Tract on the Cholera,' 1831 ; * Thir- 
 teen Letters on our Social Condition ' 
 (anon.), 1832 ; 'Principles of Church 
 Reform,' 1833 (2nd and 3rd edns., 
 same year) ; 'Postscript' to preceding, 
 1833 ; 'History of Rome' (3 vols.), 
 1838-43; 'On the Divisions and 
 Mutual Relations of Knowledge,' 
 1839; 'Two Sermons on the Inter- 
 pretation of Prophecy,' 1839 ; 'On 
 the Revival of the Order of Deacons,' 
 1841 ; ' Christian Life,' 1841 ; ' In- 
 augural Lecture on the Study of 
 Modern History,' 1841 (2nd edn. same 
 year) ; ' Introductory Lectures on 
 Modern History,' 1842. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Fragment on the 
 Church,' 1844 ; ' Sermons,' 1845 ; 
 
 * Miscellaneous Works,' ed. by A. P. 
 Stanley, 1845; 'History of the later 
 Roman Commonwealth ' (from ' Ency- 
 clopaedia Metropolitana '), 1845 ; 
 'Travelling Journals,' ed. by A. P. 
 Stanley, 1852. 
 
 He edited : ' Poetry of Common 
 Life,' 1844; ' Thucydides,' 1830, etc. 
 Life : by A. P. Stanley. 
 
 ASCHAM (Roger), 1515 - 1568. 
 Bom, at Kirby Wiske, Yorkshire, 1515. 
 Patronized by Sir Anthony Wingfield, 
 and educated with his family. To 
 St. John's Coll., Cambridge, 1530; 
 B.A., 18 Feb. 1534 ; Fellowship, 23 
 March 1534; M.A., July 1537 [ ?] ; 
 Appointed Greek Reader, 1538 [?]. 
 Visit to parents in Yorkshire, 1540. 
 Severe illness theie for two years, and 
 consequent poverty. Pension from 
 Archbishop of York, 1540-44. Re- 
 turn to Cambridge, 1542. Introduced 
 Archery there. Dissensions in Uni- 
 versity and dissatisfaction with his 
 position there. ' Toxophilus' written, 
 1543-44 ; presented to Henry VIII., 
 1545 ; pension of £10 granted. Ill- 
 ness during 1545. Public Orator 
 at Cambridge, 1546. Tutor to Prin- 
 cess Elizabeth, 1548-50. Return to 
 Cambridge and visit to Yorkshire, 
 1550. Secretary to Sir Richard 
 Morysin, Ambassador to Court of 
 Emperor Charles V., 1550. To Calais 
 21 Sept. 1550 ; to Antwerp, 30 Sept. ; 
 to Louvain, 6 Oct. ; to Augsburg, 28 
 Oct. At Augsburg, 1550-62. Visit 
 to Italy in 1551. Recall of Embassy 
 to ]']ngland, 1553. Appointed Latin 
 Secretary to Queen Mary, 1553. Pre- 
 sented by Crown with lease of Salis- 
 bury Hall, Walthamstow. Married 
 Margaret Howe, 1 Jan. 1554 ; resigned 
 offices at Cambridge. Position in 
 Royal Household continued at Queen 
 Elizabeth's accession ; reappointed 
 Queen's tutor. Admitted Prebend 
 of Wetwang in York Cathedral, 11 
 March 1560. Domestic troubles, ill 
 health, and poverty. * The School- 
 master ' planned, and first two books 
 written, 1563-68. Died, 30 Dec. 1568. 
 Buried in St. Sepulchre's Church. 
 
 Wo7'ks : ' Expositiones Antiquae in 
 Epistolam Divi Pauli ad Titum, etc.,' 
 1542; 'Toxophilus,' 1545 ; 'Epistola 
 J. Sturmio de Nobilitate Anglicana,' 
 1551 ; 'A Report and Discourse . . , 
 of the Affaires and State of Germany, 
 etc' [1553 ?]. 
 
ASHMOLE-AUBREY 
 
 11 
 
 PoslhumoiLS : ' The Scholemaster ' 
 (published by Ascham's widow), 1570 ; 
 Selected Letters and Latin Poems, ed. 
 by Edward Grant as ' Familiarium 
 Epistolaruin libri tres, etc.,' 1576 (en- 
 larged edition, ed. by William Elstob, 
 1703) ; 'Apologia pro Coena Dominica 
 contra Missam ' (in second edn. of 
 • Expositiones '), 1577. Some English 
 letters first printed in Whittaker's 
 'Eichmondshire,' 1823. 
 
 Collected i^Vorks : ed. by Dr. Giles, 
 l§64-65. 
 
 Life : • Oratio de vita e obitu 
 Rogeri Aschami,' by Edward Grant, 
 1576. 
 
 ASHMOLE (Ellas), 1617 - 1C92. 
 Born, at Lichfield, 23 May 1617. 
 Educated at Lichfield Grammar 
 School, and as Cathedral Chorister. 
 To London, 1633. Married Eleanor 
 Mainwaring, 27 March 1638. Started 
 as Solicitor, Oct. 1638. Wife died 
 suddenly, 1641. Admitted to Clement's 
 Inn, Feb. 1641. He removed to 
 Cheshire, 1642. Commissioner of 
 Excise at Lichfield, 1644. At Oxford 
 on business, 1644-45. Entered Brase- 
 nose Coll. Appointed Commissioner 
 of Excise at Worcester, 1645. Re- 
 turned to Cheshire, 1646. Same year 
 to London. Initiated as Freemason, 
 Oct. 1646. Married the Lady Main- 
 waring, 16 Nov. 1649. She peti- 
 tioned unsuccessfully for separation. 
 Oct. 1657. Appointed Windsor 
 Herald, Aug. 1660. Held various 
 State appointments. Wife died, 1688. 
 He married Miss Dugdale, same year. 
 Degree of M.D. conferred on him at 
 Oxford, 1669. Gave contents of his 
 museum to Oxford University, 1677 ; 
 Ashmolean Museum there completed, 
 1682. Died, 18 May 1692. Buried 
 in South Lambeth Church. 
 
 Works : * Theatrum Chemicum 
 Britannicum,' 1652 [1651]; 'The 
 Way to Bliss,' 1658 ; ♦ The Institu- 
 tion, Laws and Ceremonies of the most 
 noble Order of the Garter,' 1672. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Memoirs . . . drawn 
 up by himself by way of Diary/ 1717 ; 
 * The Antiquities of Berkshire,' 1719. 
 He edited Dr. Dee's 'Fasciculus 
 
 Chemicus,' 1650, under the anagram- 
 matic pseudonym of James Hasolle. 
 
 ATHERSTONE (Edwin), 1788-1872. 
 Born 17 April 1788. Voluminous 
 writer in prose and verse. Died, at 
 Bath, 29 Jan. 1872. 
 
 Works : ' The Last Days of Hercu- 
 laneum,' 1821 ; * A Midsummer Day's 
 Dream,' 1824 ; ' The Fall of Nineveh,' 
 bks. i..vi., 1828 ; bks. vii.-xiii., 1830 ; 
 complete in 30 books, 1847 ; * The 
 Sea Kings in England' (anon.), 1830 ; 
 'The Handwriting on the Wall,' 
 1858 ; 'Israel in Egypt,' 1861. 
 
 Posthumous : Dramatic Works, 
 edited by M. E. Atherstone, 1888. 
 
 AUBREY (John), 1626-1697. Born, 
 
 at Easton Pierse, Wilts, 12 March 
 1626. Educated at Yatton Keynel 
 School, 1633-34 ; at Leigh-de-la-Mere 
 School, 1634-38 ; at Blandford Gram- 
 mar School, 1638-42. Matriculated 
 Trin. Coll., Oxford, 4 June 1641. Re- 
 moved from Oxford at outbreak of 
 Civil War ; went to his father at 
 Broad Chalk, Wilts. Developed 
 antiquarian tastes. Entered at Middle 
 Temple, 16 April 1646. Occasional 
 visits to Oxford. Called attention to 
 stone monuments at Avebury, 1649. 
 Succeeded to family estates on father's 
 death, Oct. 1652. Chiefly resided at 
 Broad Chalk. Visit to Ireland, 1660. 
 Sold Herefordshire property, 1662. 
 F.R.S., 20 May 1663. Visit to 
 France, 1664. Sold remainder of 
 property, 1670. Received patent from 
 Crown permitting him to make anti- 
 quarian surveys, 1671. Occupied with 
 topographical and antiquarian work re- 
 specting Surrey and Wiltshire, 1660-96. 
 Unmarried. Died, at Oxford, June 
 1697; buried (7 June) in St. Mary 
 Magdalene's Church. 
 
 Works: 'Miscellanies,' 1696. 
 
 Posthumous : ' The Natural History 
 and Antiquities of the county of 
 Surrey,' ed. by R. Rawlinson (5 vols.), 
 1718-19; 'Collections for Wilts,' ed. 
 by Sir T. Phillipps (priv. ptd.), 2 pts., 
 1821-38. [MSS. in Ashmolean 
 Museum, Oxford.] 
 
 Life : by J. Britton, 1845. 
 
12 
 
 AUSTEN— AYTOUN 
 
 AUSTEN (Jane), 1775-1817. Born, 
 at Steventon, Hampshire, 16 Dec. 
 1775. Lived there, with occasional 
 visits to Bath, till 1801, when her 
 family removed to Bath. Visit to 
 Lyme, 1804. At Southampton, 
 1805-09. At Chawton, near Win- 
 chester, 1809-17. Occasional visits to 
 London. To lodgings in Winchester, 
 for medical advice, May 1817. Died, 
 18 July 1817. Buried in Winchester 
 Cathedral. 
 
 Works : ' Sense and Sensibility ' 
 (anon.), 1811 ; 'Pride and Prejudice' 
 (anon.), 1813; 'Mansfield Park' (anon.), 
 1814 ; ' Emma ' (anon.), 1816 ; ' North- 
 anger Abbey and Persuasion,' 1818. 
 
 Posthumous : * Lady Susan,' 
 •The Watsons' (unfinished), and some 
 letters and verses, in second ed. of 
 J. E. Austen Leigh's ' Memoir of Jane 
 Austen,' 1871 ; 'Letters,' ed. by 
 Lord Brabourne, 1884. 
 
 Collected Works : in 6 vols. 1882. 
 
 Life : by J. E. Austen Leigh, 1871. 
 
 AUSTIN (Alfred), Poet Laureate, b. 
 1835. Born, at Headingley, 30 May 
 1835. Educated at Stonyhurst Coll., 
 1849-52; at St. Mary's Coll., Oscott, 
 1852-53. B.A., London, 1853. Stu- 
 dent of Inner Temple, 23 Jan. 1854 ; 
 called to Bar, 17 Nov. 1857. To Italy 
 in 1861. Joined Staff of ' Standard,' 
 Dec. 1S66. Represented * Standard ' 
 during (Ecumenical Council at Rome, 
 winter of 1869-70 ; special correspon- 
 dent during Franco-Prussian War, 
 1870-71. Founded ' National Review ' 
 (with W. J. Courthope) in 1883 ; ed. 
 it till 1893. Appointed Poet Laureate, 
 1896. Resides in Kent. 
 
 Works : ' Randolph' (anon.), 1853 ; 
 *Five Years of It,' 1858; 'The 
 Season,' 1861 ; ' My Satire and its 
 Censors,' 1861 ; * A Note of Admira- 
 tion addressed to the Editor of the 
 "Saturday Review,"' 1861; 'The 
 Human Tragedy,' 1862 (first revision, 
 1876, second, 1889) ; ' An Artist's 
 Proof,' 1864 ; ' Won by a Head,' 
 1866 ; * A Vindication of Lord Byron,' 
 1869 ; ' Poetry of the Period ' (from 
 * Temple Bar'), 1870; ' The Golden 
 Age,' 1871; 'Interludes,' 1872; 
 
 * Rome or Death !* 1873 ; * Madonna's 
 Child,' 1873 ; 'The Tower of Babel,' 
 1874 ; 'Russia before Europe,' 1876 ; 
 
 * Tory Horrors,' 1876 ; ' England's 
 Policy and Peril,' 1877 ; 'Leszko the 
 Bastard,' 1877 ; 'Hibernian Horrors,' 
 1880; 'Savonarola,' 1881; 'Soli- 
 loquies in Song,' 1882 ; * At the Gate 
 of the Convent,' 1885 ; ' Prince 
 Lucifer,' 1887 ; ' Love's Widowhood,' 
 1889; 'English Lyrics,' 1890; 
 Lyrical Poems, 1891 ; Narrative 
 Poems, 1891 ; Collected Poems (6 
 vols.), 1892; 'Fortunatus the Pessi- 
 mist,' 1892 ; 'The Garden that I Love,' 
 1894; 'England's Darling,' 1895; 
 
 * In Veronica's Garden,' 1895. 
 
 AYTOUN (William Edmondstoune), 
 1813-65. Born, in Edinburgh, 21 
 June 1813. Educated first by private 
 tutor. To Edinburgh Academy, 1824 ; 
 at Edinburgh University, 1830-33 [?]. 
 To London, 1833. At Aschaffenburg, 
 Sept. 1833 to April 1834. Returned to 
 Edinburgh. Writer to the Signet, 
 1835. CaUed to Bar, 1840. Contrib. to 
 ' Blackwood,' 1836-40. Contrib. (with 
 Sir T.Martin) to 'Tait's' and 'Eraser's' 
 Mags., under pseudonym of ' Bon 
 Gaultier.' Joined staff of 'Black- 
 wood,' 1844. Took part in Burns 
 Festival, 1844. Elected Prof, of 
 Rhetoric and Belles Lettres in Edin- 
 burgh Univ., 22 Oct. 1845. M.A., 
 Edinburgh, 26 Nov. 1849. Married 
 Jane Emily Wilson (daughter of 
 ' Christopher North '), April 1849. 
 Appointed Sheriff of Orkney, 1852. 
 Wife died, 15 April 1859. Hon. Prea. 
 of Associated Societies of Edinburgh 
 Univ., Dec. 1860. Visits to Germany 
 for health, 1861 and 1862. Married 
 Miss Kinnear, Dec. 1863. Return of 
 bad health, 1864. Died, at Blackhills, 
 near Elgin, 4 Aug. 1865. Buried in 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 Works : ' Poland, Homer, and other 
 poems' (anon.), 1832 ; 'Life and Times 
 of Richard the First,' 1840; 'Our 
 Zion' (anon.), 1840 ; 'TheDrummond 
 Schism examined and exposed ' (anon.), 
 1842 ; 'Lays of the Cavaliers,' 1848 ; 
 'Bon Gaultier' Ballads (anon., with 
 Sir T. Martin), 1849; 'Bothwell,' 
 
BACON 
 
 13 
 
 1856 ; Tinnilian' (under pseudonym 
 of T. Percy Jones), 1854 ; • Poems 
 and Ballads of Goethe ' (with Sir T. 
 Martin), 1858 ; * Ballads of Scotland,' 
 1858 ; ' Inaugural Address to the 
 Associated Societies of the Univ. of 
 Edinburgh,' 1861 ; * Norman Sinclair,' 
 1361 ; 'Nuptial Ode to the Princess 
 Alexandra,' 1863 ; * The Elder's Warn- 
 ing ' (anon., from ' Edinburgh Evening 
 Post '), no date. 
 
 Posthumous: Fragments published 
 in Sir Theodore Martin's Life of 
 Aytoun, 1867. 
 
 BACON (Francis), Baron Verulam, 
 1561-1626. Born, at York House, 22 
 Jan. 1561. At Trinity Coll., Cam- 
 bridge, April 1573 to March 1576. 
 Admitted at Gray's Inn, 27 June 
 1575 ; called to Bar, 27 June 1582. 
 With Sir Amias Paulet's embassy to 
 France, 1576. M.P. for Melcombe 
 Regis, 1584. M.P. for Taunton, 1586. 
 Bencher of Gray's Inn, 1586. M.P. 
 for Liverpool, 1589. Friendship with 
 Earl of Essex begun, 1591. M.P. 
 for Middlesex, 1593. Employed as 
 Learned Counsel to Queen, 1594. 
 M.A., Cambridge, 27 July 1594. 
 • Essays ' published, 1597. M.P. for 
 Southampton, 1597. Arrested for 
 debt, Sept. ] 598. Took part in trials 
 of Earl of Essex, 5 June 1600 and 19 
 Feb. 1601. Knighted, 23 July 1603. 
 Appointed on Commission to discuss 
 Union, 1604. Pension of £60 granted 
 as Counsel to the King, Aug. 1604. 
 Married Alice Barnham, 10 May 1606. 
 Speech in Parliament in favour of 
 Union proposals, 17 Feb. 1607. Soli- 
 ci tor-General, 25 June 1607. Attor- 
 ney-General, 27 Oct. 1613. Prose- 
 cutor in Earl of Somerset's trial, 25 
 May 1616. Privy Councillor, 9 June 
 1616. Lord Keeper, 7 March 1617. 
 Lord Chancellor, 7 Jan. 1618. Created 
 Baron Verulam, 12 July 1618. Prose- 
 cution of Sir Walter Raleigh, 1618 ; 
 of Earl of Suflfolk, 1619 ; of Sir Henry 
 Yelverton, 1620. * Novum Organum' 
 published, Oct. 1620. Created 
 Viscount St. Alban, 27 Jan. 1621. 
 Tried for bribery, and sentenced to 
 deprivation of office, fine of £40,000 
 
 and imprisonment in Tower, 3 May 
 1621. Partial mitigation of sentence 
 by King, Sept. 1621. Died, 9 April 
 1626. Buried at St. Michael's Church, 
 St. Albans. 
 
 Worku: 'Essays,' 1597; 'Declara- 
 tion of the practises and treasons 
 attempted ... by Robert late Earle 
 of Essex' (anon.), 1601; 'Apologia 
 of the Earle of Essex. . . . Penned 
 by himself ' (or rather, by Bacon), 
 
 1603 ; ' Brief Discourse touching the 
 happie Union of the Kingdomes of 
 England and Scotland' (anon.), 1603; 
 • Apologie in certaine imputations 
 concerning the late Earle of Essex,' 
 
 1604 ; 'Certaine considerations touch- 
 ing the better pacification ... of the 
 Church of England' (anon.), 1604 ; 'Of 
 the Proficience and Advancement of 
 Learning,' 1605 ; *De Sapientia Vete- 
 rum,' 1609; 'Charge Concerning Duels,' 
 1614 ; 'Instauratio Magna' ('Novum 
 Organum '), 1620 ; ' Historic of the 
 Raigne of King Henry the Seventh,' 
 1622 ; * Historia Naturalis et Experi- 
 mentalis ad condendam Philosophiam' 
 ('Historia Ventorum'), 1622; 'De 
 Dignitate et Augmentis Scientiarum,* 
 1623; 'Historia Vitse et Mortis,' 
 1623 ; ' Translation of Certaine 
 Psalmes,' 1625 ; ' Apophthegmes new 
 and old,' 1625. 
 
 Posthumous : * Sylva Sylvarum,' 
 1627 ; ' Considerations touching a 
 warre with Spaine,' 1629 ; 'The Use 
 of the Law ' (anon.) in * The Lawyers' 
 Light ... By L D.,' 1629 ; • Cer- 
 taine Miscellany Works,* 1629 ; 
 ' Operum Moralium et Ci vilium tomus,' 
 1638 ; ' The Elements of the Common 
 Lawes of England,' 1640; 'A Wise 
 and Moderate Discourse concerning 
 Church Affaires' (anon.), 1641; 
 'Remaines,' 1648; 'The Felicity of 
 Queen Elizabeth,' 1651 ; ' Scripta in 
 Natural! et Universali Philosophia,' 
 1653 ; ' The Mirrour of State and 
 Eloquence,' 1656 ; ' Resuscitatio,' 
 1657 ; * Opuscula varia posthuraa,' 
 1658; • New Atlantis,' 1660 ; ' Opera 
 Omnia,' 1665; 'Letters,' 1702; 'A 
 Conference of Pleasure,' 1870 ; 'The 
 Promus of Formularies and Ele- 
 gancies,' 1883 [1882]. 
 
14 
 
 BAGEHOT— BALE 
 
 Collected Works, in 14 vols., ed. by 
 Spedding, Ellis, and Heath, 1857-74. 
 
 Life, by Spedding (2 vols.), 1878. 
 
 BAGEHOT (Walter), 1826-1877. 
 Born, at Langport, Somersetshire, 3 
 Feb. 1826. At School in Bristol. 
 To Univ. College, London, 1842 ; 
 B.A. and Mathematical Scholarship, 
 1846 ; M.A. and gold medal for 
 philosophy and political economy, 
 1848. In Paris, 1851. Contrib. letters 
 to * The Inquirer,' Dec. 1851. Called 
 to Bar, 1852. Edited 'National 
 Review ' (with R. H. Hutton), 1855- 
 64. Married Miss Wilson, 1858. 
 Editor of 'The Economist,' 1860-77. 
 Died, at Langport, 24 March 1877. 
 
 Works: 'Estimates of some 
 Englishmen and Scotchmen' (from 
 'National Review'), 1858; 'Parlia- 
 mentary Reform' (from 'Nab. Re- 
 view '), 1859 ; ' The History of the 
 Unreformed Parliament ' (from ' Nat. 
 Rev.'), 1860; 'Memoir of the Rt. 
 Hon. J. Wilson ' (from ' Economist '), 
 1861 ; • Count your Enemies,' 1862 ; 
 ♦The English Constitution' (from 
 ♦Fortnightly Rev.'), 1867 (new ed., 
 enlarged, 1872); 'A Practical Plan 
 for Assimilating the English and 
 American Money '(from 'Economist '), 
 1869 ; • Physics and Politics,' 1872 ; 
 'Lombard Street,' 1873 (2nd-4th edns., 
 same year) ; 'Some Articles on the 
 Depreciation of Silver ' (from ' Econo- 
 mist '), 1877. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Literary Studies,' 
 ed. by R. H. Hutton (2 vols.), 1879 
 [1878]; 'Economic Studies,' ed. by 
 Hutton, 1880 ; 'Biographical Studies,' 
 ed. by Hutton, 1881 ; ' Essays on 
 Parliamentary Reform,' 1883 ; ' The 
 Postulates of English Political Eco- 
 nomy,' ed. by A. Marshall, 1885. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by F. Morgan, 
 with memoir by R. H. Hutton 
 (American ed., 5 vols.), 1889. 
 
 BAILEY (Philip James), b. 1816. 
 Born at Nottingham, 22 April 1816. 
 Educated at schools in Nottingham. 
 To Glasgow University, ] 831. Student 
 at Lincoln's Inn, 26 April 1834 ; called 
 to Bar, 7 May 1840. ' Festus ' written, 
 ] 836-39. Twice married. 
 
 Works: 'Festus' (anon.), 1839; 
 ♦ The Angel World,' 1850 ; ' The 
 Mystic,' 1855 ; * The Age,' 1858 ; 
 'The Universal Hymn,' 1867; 'The 
 International Policy of the Great 
 Powers,' 1861. 
 
 BAILLIE (Joanna), 1762 - 1861. 
 Born, at Both well, Lanarkshire, 11 
 Sept. 1762. Early youth spent at 
 Bothwell. To school at Glasgow, 1772. 
 With family at Long Calderwood, 
 Lanarkshire, 1778-84. In London, 
 1784-91. Series of 'Plays on the 
 Passions' begun, 1798. 'De Mont- 
 fort,' produced at Drury Lane, April 
 1800. To Hampstead on mother's 
 death, 1806. Friendship with Sir 
 Walter Scott. 'Constantine and 
 Valeria ' produced at Surrey Theatre, 
 subsequently in Liverpool, Dublin 
 and Edinburgh. ♦ Family Legend ' 
 produced in Edinburgh, 1810 ; at 
 Drury Lane, 1815 and 1821. ♦Sepa- 
 ration ' produced at Covent Garden. 
 'Henriquez,' at Drury Lane. Died, 
 at Hampstead, 23 Feb. 1851. 
 
 Works : * Fugitive Verses * (anon. ), 
 1790; 'Plays on the Passions '(3 vols.), 
 1798 (anon.), 1802, 1812; 'Miscel- 
 laneous Plays,' 1804; 'The Family 
 Legend,' 1810 ; 'Metrical Legends of 
 Exalted Characters,' 1821 ; ' A Col- 
 lection of Poems . . . Edited by 
 Joanna Baillie,' 1823 ; 'The Martyr,' 
 1826; ♦The Bride,' 1828; ♦ A View 
 of the General Tenour of the New 
 Testament regarding the Nature and 
 Dignity of Jesus Christ,' 1831 ; 
 ' Miscellaneous Plays ' (3 vols. ), 1836 ; 
 'Fugitive Verses,' 1840; 'Ahalya 
 Baee,' 1849. 
 
 Posthumous : ♦ Dramatic and Poeti- 
 cal Works,' 1851. 
 
 She edited anonymously: Occasional 
 Verses,' by Sophia Baillie, 1846. 
 
 BALE (John), Bishop of Ossory,. 
 1495-1563. Born at Cove, Suffolk, 
 21 Nov. 1495. Educated from 1607 
 at Carmelite Convent, Norwich, and 
 at Jesus Coll., Camb. Converted to- 
 Protestantism, and married. In high 
 favour with Cromwell. Rector of 
 Thornden, Sufifolk. Wrote ♦raoralitiea.*' 
 
BANIM 
 
 15 
 
 Retired to Germany, 1540. Returned 
 to England, 1547 ; appointed Rector 
 of Bishopstoke, Hampshire. Vicar 
 of Swaffham, Norfolk, 1551. Bishop 
 of Ossory, Aug. 1552 ; to Ireland, 
 Dec. 1552 ; consecrated 2 Feb. 1553. 
 Retired to Holland, 1553 ; lived there 
 and at Basle till 1559. Returned to 
 England, 1559 ; appointed Prebend, 
 of Canterbury. Died, at Canterbury, 
 1563. 
 
 Works : ' A Tragedye or Enterlude,' 
 1538 ; * Yet a Course at the Romysh 
 Foxe ' (anon. ; attrib. to Bale), 1543 ; 
 ' A brefe Chronycle concernynge the 
 examinacyon and death of . . . Syr 
 J. Oldecastell,' 1544 ; ' The Epistle 
 Exhortatorye of an Englyshe Chris- 
 tiane ' (under signature of * Henry 
 Stalbrydge'; attrib. to Bale), 1544; 
 *A Mysterye of Inyquyte . . . con- 
 futed,' 1545 ; * The Actes of Englysh 
 Votaryes,' pt. i., 1546 ; pts. i. and ii., 
 1548-51 ; ' Illustrium Maioris Bri- 
 tanniffi Scriptorum . . . summarium,' 
 1548; 'AComedye concernynge thre 
 lawes,' 1550 ; * The Apology of Johan 
 Bale,' 1550; 'The Ymage of both 
 Churches,* 1550 ; * The Vocacyon of 
 Johan Bale,' 1553; 'A Soveraigne 
 Cordial for a Christian Conscience ' 
 (anon.; attrib. to Bale), 1554; 'A 
 Declaration of E. Bonner's Articles,' 
 1561. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Acta Romanorum 
 Pontificum,' 1567 ; 'The Pageant of 
 Popes ' (trans, from preceding), 1574. 
 
 He translated : Jonas' ' The true 
 historic of the Christen departynge of 
 . . . Martyne Luther,' 1546; and 
 edited : Leland's ' Laboryouse Jour- 
 ney,' 1549 ; Lambert's 'Treatyse . . . 
 unto Kynge Henry VIIL,' 1555 (?). 
 
 Collected Works: 'Select Works,' 
 1849. 
 
 BANIM (John), 1798-1842. Born, 
 at Kilkenny, 3 April 1798. Educated 
 at private schools, 1802-10 j at Kil- 
 kenny Coll., 1810-13. In 1813 to 
 Dublin, to study drawing in Academy 
 of Royal Dublin Society. Returned 
 to Kilkenny, 1815. To Dublin 1820, 
 to adopt literary career. Contrib. to 
 * Limerick Evening Post' and other 
 
 periodicals. ' Damon and Pythias ' 
 produced at Covent Garden, 28 
 May 1821. Married Ellen Ruth, 27 
 Feb. 1822. 'O'Hara' tales planned 
 with brother Michael, 1822. To 
 London, March 1822. On staff of 
 'Literary Register,' July 1822 to 
 May 1823, lU health began, 1823. 
 Tragedy, 'The Prodigal,' accepted for 
 Drury Lane, but not performed. 
 Took his wife to France, and re- 
 turned to London early in 1825. 
 'Tales by the O'Hara Family,' written 
 in collaboration with brother, first ap- 
 peared April 1825. At Eastbourne, 
 1827 ; at Sevenoaks, 1827-29. To 
 Blackheath, April 1829 ; to Boulogne, 
 Aug. 1829, owing to ill - health. 
 Wrote for magazines and theatre. 
 Attacked by cholera, 1832. To Paris, 
 1833. Lower limbs paralyzed. Moved 
 to London, thence to Dublin, 1835. 
 Benefit performance in Dublin Theatre, 
 21 July 1835. To Kilkenny in Sept. 
 
 1835. Pension of £190 per annum, 
 
 1836. Tragedy, 'Sylla' (written in 
 1827), produced in Dublin, June 1837. 
 Died, 13 Aug. 1842. 
 
 Works: 'The Celt's Paradise,' 
 1821 ; 'Damon and Pythias,' 1821 ; 
 ' Letter to the Committee appointed 
 to appropriate a fund for a national 
 testimonial, etc.,' 1822 ; ' Revelations 
 of the Dead-Alive' (anon.), 1824; 
 ' The Fetches ' and collaboration in 
 • John Doe,' in ' Tales by the O'Hara 
 Family' (anon.), 1825; 'The Now- 
 lans' and collaboration in 'Peter of 
 the Castle,' in ' Tales by the O'Hara 
 Family,' 2nd series (anon.), 1826 ; 
 'The Boyne Water' (anon.), 1826; 
 'The Anglo-Irish of the Nineteenth 
 Century' (anon.), 1828; 'The De- 
 nounced' (anon.), 1830; ' Chaunt of 
 the Cholera ' (with M. Banim ; anon.), 
 1831 ; 'The Smuggler' (anon.), 1831 ; 
 ' The Bit o' Writin' ' (with M. Banim ; 
 anon.), 1838. 
 
 Posthumous: 'London and its Ec- 
 centricities in the year 2023' (anon.), 
 1845. 
 
 Life : by P. J. Murray, 1857. 
 
 BANIM (Michael), 1796 - 1874. 
 [Brother of preceding.] Born, at Kil* 
 
16 
 
 B ARBAULD -B ARHAM 
 
 kenny, 5 Aug. 1796. Educated in 
 Kilkenny, and at Roman Catholic 
 School. Began to study for Bar, 1812 ; 
 but subsequently obliged to enter 
 business. *0'Hara' tales planned 
 with brother, 1822. Visit to brother 
 in London, 1826. Active part in 
 agitation for Catholic emancipation. 
 Return to Kilkenny, 1828. Married, 
 1840. Lost fortune, 1841. Appointed 
 Postmaster of Kilkenny, 1852 [?]. 
 Resigned owing to ill-health, 1873. 
 To Booterstown with family. Died 
 there, 30 Aug. 1874. 
 
 Works : ' Crohoore of the Bill 
 Hook ' and collaboration in * John 
 Doe,' in ' Tales by the O'Hara Family ' 
 (anon.), 1825 ; collaboration in 'Peter 
 of the Castle' in • Tales by the 
 O'Hara Family,' 2nd series (anon.), 
 1826; 'The Croppy' (anon.), 1828; 
 •Chaunt of the Cholera,' (with J. 
 Banim; anon.), 1831; 'The Ghost- 
 Hunter and his Family' (anon,), 
 1833; 'The Mayor of Wind-Gap,' 
 in 'Tales by the O'Hara Family,' 
 3rd series (anon.), 1835 ; 'The Bit o' 
 Writin' ' (with J. Banim ; anon.), 
 1838 ; ' Father Connell,' 1842 ; ' The 
 Town of the Cascades,' 1864. 
 
 BARBATTLD {Mrs. Anna Letitia), 
 1743 - 1825. Born [Anna Letitia 
 Aikin], at Kibworth Harcourt, Leices 
 tersHre, 20 June 1743. Early youth 
 spent there. At Warrington, 1758- 
 73. Married to Rev, Rochemont 
 Barbauld, May 1774. Settled at 
 Palgrave, Suflfolk, and started boys' 
 school with husband. No children ; 
 adopted a nephew, Charles Roche- 
 mont Aikin, 1776. School given up, 
 1785. Travelled in France and Swit- 
 zerland, Sept. 1785 to June 1786. In 
 London, 1786-87. To Hampstead, 
 April 1787. Visit to Scotland, 1794. 
 Removed to Stoke Newington, 1802. 
 Husband died, 1808. She died, at 
 Stoke Newington, 9 March 1825. 
 
 Works: 'Poems,' 1773; 'Miscel- 
 laneous Pieces ' (with J. Aikin), 1773 ; 
 'Devotional Pieces,' 1775; 'Hymns 
 in Prose : for Children ' (under initials : 
 A.L.B.), 1781 ; 'An Address to the 
 Opposera of the Repeal of the Cor- 
 
 p ^ration and Test Acts ' (anon.), 1790 ; 
 'Epistle to W. Wilberforce,' 1791; 
 'Evenings at Home' (anon., with J. 
 Aikin), 1792; 'Remarks on Mr. G. 
 Wakefield's Enquiry, etc.,' 1792 ; 
 'Civic Sermons' (anon.), 1792; 'Sins 
 of the Government, Sins of the 
 Nation' (anon.), 1793; 'The Religion 
 of Nature' (under pseud, of 'Bob 
 Short'), 1793 ; ' Reasons for National 
 Penitence ' (anon. ), 1794 ; ' Selections 
 from the "Spectator," etc.,' 1804; 
 ' Lessons for Children ' (anon.), 1808 ; 
 ' The Female Speaker,' 1811 ; ' Eigh- 
 teen Hundred and Eleven,' 1812. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Works, with Me- 
 moir by L. Aikin' (2 vols.), 1825; 
 ' Hymns in Rhyme,' 1838 ; ' Memoir, 
 Letters and Selection,' ed. by G. A. 
 Ellis, 1874. 
 
 She edited: Akenside's 'Pleasures 
 of Imagination,' 1794, and ' Works,' 
 1808; Samuel Richardson's 'Corre- 
 spondence,' 1804 ; 'The British Novel- 
 ists ' (50 vols.), 1810; and translated 
 Jauffret's • Travels of Rolando,' 1823. 
 
 BARCLAY (John), 1582-1621. Bom, 
 at Pont-k-Mousson, 28 Jan. 1582. 
 Educated in France. To England in 
 1603. Returned to France, 1605. 
 Married Louise Debonnaire, 1605. 
 In London, 1606-16. To Rome, 1616. 
 ' Argenis ' completed, July 1621. 
 Died 15 Aug. 1621. 
 
 Works : * Satyricon ' (under pseud, 
 of Euphormio Lusininusj.pt. i., second 
 edition, 1605 (first edition said to 
 have been published 1603, but no copy 
 known) ; pt. ii., 1607 ; pts. i. and ii., 
 1610 ; ' Sylvae,' 1606 ; 'Pietas,' 1612 ; 
 ' Icon Animorum,' 1614 ; ' Poematum 
 libri duo,' 1615 ; 'Paraenesis ad sec- 
 taries,' 1617 ; ' Virtus Vindicata ' 
 (under pseud, of Polienus Rhodiensis), 
 1617 ; ' Argenis,' 1621. 
 
 He edited : ' De Potestate Papse,' 
 by his father, William Barclay, 
 1609. 
 
 BARHAM (Richard Harris), 1788- 
 1845. Born, at Canterbury, 6 Dec. 
 1788. Educated at St. Paul's School, 
 London, 1800-07. Matric. Brasenose 
 Coll., Oxford, 13 June 1807, as Pauline 
 
BARING-GOULD 
 
 17 
 
 Exhibitioner ; B.A., Nov. 1811. Or- 
 dained 1813 ; Curate of Ashford, 1813- 
 14. Married Caroline Smart, 30 Sept. 
 1814. Curate of Westwell, 1814-17 ; 
 Vicar of Snargate, Romney Marsh, 
 1817-24; Minor Canon, St. Paul's Ca- 
 thedral, April 1821. To London, Aug. 
 1821. Rector of St. Mary Magdalene 
 and St. Gregory, and Priest in Or- 
 dinary to Chapels Royal, 1824-42. 
 Rector of St. Faith, 1824. Assisted 
 J. G. Gorton in compilation of ' Bio- 
 graphical Dictionary,' 1828. Con- 
 trib. to * Blackwood,' ' John Bull,' 
 'Globe,' 'Literary Gazette,' and 'Lon- 
 don Chronicle.' Edited latter for a 
 time. ' Ingoldsby Legends ' appeared 
 in ' Bentley's Miscellany,' 1837- 
 43 ; in ' New Monthly Magazine,' 
 1843-44. Divinity Lecturer at St. 
 Paul's, 1842. Vicar of St. Faith, 
 1842. Died in London, 17 June 
 1845. Buried in vault of St. Mary 
 Magdalene's ; on its being burnt down 
 his remains were removed to Kensal 
 Green Cemetery, and memorial tablet 
 transferred to crypt of St. Paul's. 
 
 Works : ' Look at the Clock ' 
 [1830?]; 'Ingoldsby Legends,' 1st 
 series, 1840 ; 2nd series, 1842 ; 'Some 
 Account of my Cousin Nicholas ' 
 (under pseud, of Thomas Ingoldsby), 
 1841. ^ ^^ 
 
 Posthumous : 3rd series of 'In- 
 goldsby Legends,' edited by R. H. D. 
 Barham, 1847; 'Ingoldsby Lyrics' 
 (miscellaneous poems), 1881. 
 
 *Life and Letters,' by R. H. D. 
 Barham, 1870. 
 
 BAEING-GOULD (Sabine), b. 1834. 
 Born, at Exeter, 28 Jan. 1834. At 
 King's Coll. School, London, 1845; 
 at Warwick Grammar School, 1846- 
 47. To Clare Coll., Cambridge, 
 1853; B.A., 1857; M.A., 1860. 
 Ordained Deacon, 1864 ; Priest, 1865. 
 Curateof Horbury, Yorkshire, 1864-66; 
 Perpetual Curate of Dalton, Thirsk, 
 1866-71 ; Rector of East Mersea, 
 Colchester, 1871-81. Edited 'The 
 Sacristy,' 1871-73. Succeeded to 
 estate of Lew Trenchard, Devon, 
 1872; Rector of Lew -Trenchard, 
 1881. J.P. for county of Devon, 1882. 
 
 Has taken part in excavations on pre- 
 historic sites on Dartmoor. 
 
 Works: 'The Path of the Just,' 
 1857 ; * Iceland,' 1863 ; ' Post- 
 Mediaeval Preachers,' 1865 ; ' The 
 Book of Were - Wolves,' 1865 ; 
 ' Curious Myths of the Middle 
 Ages' (2 series), 1866-68 [67] ; 'The 
 Silver Store,' 1868 ; ' Curiosities of 
 Olden Times,' 1869; 'The Golden 
 Gate ' (3 pts.), 1869-70 ; ' The Origin 
 and Development of Religious Be- 
 lief (2 vols.), 1869-70; 'In Exitu 
 Israel,' 1870; 'One Hundred Sermon- 
 Sketches,' 1871; 'Legends of Old Tes- 
 tament Characters,' 1871 ; 'Protestant 
 or CathoHc?' 1872; 'Village Con- 
 ferences on the Creed,' 1873; 'The 
 Lost and Hostile Gospels,' 1874 ; 
 'Yorkshire Oddities,' 1874; 'How 
 to Save Fuel,' 1874 ; ' Some Modern 
 Difficulties,' 1875; 'Village Preach- 
 ing for a Year ' (2 series), 1875-84 ; 
 
 • Twenty Sermon - Sketches,' 1876 ; 
 ' The Vicar of Morwenstow,' 1876 
 (2nd edn. same year) ; ' The Mystery 
 of Suffering,' 1877 ; ' Sermons to 
 Children,' 1879 ; ' Germany, past 
 and present,' 1879; 'The Preacher's 
 Pocket,' 1880; ' Mehalah ' (anon.), 
 1880; * Village Preaching for Saints' 
 Days,' 1881; 'The Village Pulpit,' 
 1881 ; 'John Herring' (anon.), 1883 ; 
 'Church Songs' (with H. F. Sheppard), 
 1884; 'The Seven Last Words,' 1884 ; 
 'The Birth of Jesus,' 1885 ; ' Our Parish 
 Church,' 1885 ; ' The Passion of 
 Jesus,' 1885; 'Germany' (with A. 
 Oilman), 1886 ; 'Nazareth and Caper- 
 naum,' 1886; 'The Trials of Jesus,' 
 1886 J 'Golden Feather' (anon.), 
 1886; 'Court Royal' (anon.), 1886; 
 'Red Spider' (anon.), 1887; 'The 
 Gaverocks' (anon.), 1887 ; * The Way 
 of Sorrows,' 1887 ; ' Little Tu'penny 
 (anon.), 1887 ; 'Richard Cable' (anon.). 
 1888; 'Eve' (anon.), 1888; 'The Death 
 and Resurrection of Jesus,' 1888 ; 
 ' Our Inheritance,' 1888 ; ' The Penny- 
 comequicks,' 1889 ; ' Historic Od- 
 dities' (2 vols.), 1889-91 ; 'Grettir, 
 the Outlaw,' 1890 [1889] ; 'My Prague 
 Pig,' 1890 ; 'Old Country Life,' 1890 ; 
 
 • Arminell ' (anon.), 1890 ; * Conscience 
 and Sin,' 1890 ; 'Jacquetta,' 1890; 
 
 a 
 
18 
 
 BARNES 
 
 •In Troubadours' Land/ 1891 [1890] ; 
 •Urith/ 1891 ; 'Margery of Quether,' 
 1891 ; 'Songs of the West,' 1891 ; 'The 
 Church in Germany,' 1891 ; 'Fifteen 
 Pounds,' 1891 ; ' In the Roar of the 
 Sea,' 1892 ; « The Tragedy of the 
 Caesars,' 1892 ; ' Through all the 
 Changing Scenes of Life,' 1892 ; 'Wag- 
 ner's Parsifal at Baireuth,' 1892 ; 
 
 * Curious Survivals,' 1892 ; ' Mrs. 
 Curgenven,' 1893 ; ' The Two John 
 Brents,' 1893 ; ' Cheap Jack Zita,' 
 
 1893 ; ' The Icelander's Sword,' 1894 
 [1893] ; ' The Deserts of Southern 
 France,' 1894 ; 'The Queen of Love,' 
 
 1894 ; ' Kitty Alone,' 1894 ; ' A Gar- 
 land of Country Song,' 1894 ; ' A 
 Book of Old Fairy Tales,' 1894 ; 
 
 * Noemi,' 1895 ; ' The Old English 
 Fairy Tales,' 1895 ; 'A Book of Nur- 
 sery Songs,' 1895 ; 'The Broom Squire,' 
 1896 ; 'Dartmoor Idylls,' 1896 ; ' The 
 Golden Gate,' 1896 ; * The Life of 
 Napoleon Bonaparte,' 1896. 
 
 He has translated : W. von Hillern's 
 
 * Ernestine,' 1879 ; and edited : 
 'The Lives of the Saints' (17 vols.), 
 1872-89. 
 
 BARNES (WilUam), 1801-1886. 
 Born, near Pentridge, Dorsetshire 
 [22 Feb. ?] 1801 ; baptized 20 March. 
 At school at Sturminster ; entered 
 Solicitor's office there, 1814 or 1815 ; 
 to another at Dorchester, 1818. Con- 
 trib. verses to ' Weekly Enter- 
 tainer,' 1820. Took Mastership of 
 School at Mere, Wiltshire, 1823 ; 
 settled at Chantry House, Mere, 1827. 
 Married Julia Miles [summer of 
 1827 ?]. Contrib. to ' Dorset County 
 Chronicle,' 1827-35 ; to 'Gentleman's 
 Mag.,' 1831-41. Two farces by him per- 
 formed by travelling dramatic com- 
 pany, 1832 ; contrib. to 'Hone's Year 
 Book,' 1832. Wrote first poems in 
 Dorsetshire dialect, 1833. Gave up 
 school at Mere and opened one in 
 Dorchester, 1835. Entered name on 
 books of St. John's Coll., Cambridge, 
 1837. Intimacy with Sheridan begun, 
 1844. Visit to London, June 1844. 
 Sec. of Dorset County Museum at its 
 foundation, 1845. Ordained Deacon, 
 28 Feb. 1847; Priest, 14 March 
 
 1848 ; Pastor of Whitcombe, near 
 Dorchester, Feb. 1847 to Jan. 1852. 
 Resided three terms at St. John's 
 College, Cambridge, 1847, 1848, 1850; 
 B.D. degree, Oct. 1850. Visit to 
 London, 1851. Wife died, 21 June 
 1852. Contrib. to 'Retrospective Re- 
 view,' 1853-54. Civil List Pension, 
 April 1861 ; contrib. to * Macmillan's 
 Magazine,' 1861-67. Presented with 
 Rectorship of Came, Jan. 1862. Gave 
 up school and removed to Came, July 
 1862. Friendship with Tennyson and 
 Coventry Patmore begun, 1862. Con- 
 trib. to ' Eraser's Magazine,' 1863 ; 
 to ' Ladies' Treasury,' 1863-67. Gave 
 readings of his poems, 1863-65. Active 
 literary life. Severe illness, 1884. 
 Died, at Came, 11 Oct. 1886 ; buried 
 there. 
 
 Works: 'Orra,' 1822; 'The Ety- 
 mological Glossary,' 1829 ; 'A Cate- 
 chism of Government in General,' 
 1833 ; * The Mnemonic Manual,' 
 1833 ; 'A Few Words on the Advan- 
 tages of a more common adoption of 
 Mathematics as a branch of Educa- 
 tion,' 1834 ; * A Mathematical Inves- 
 tigation of the principle of Hanging 
 Doors,' 1835 ; * An Investigation of 
 the Laws of Case,' 1840 ; 'An Arith- 
 metical and Commercial Dictionary,' 
 1841 ; ' A Pronouncing Dictionary of 
 Geographical Names,' 1841 ; ' The 
 Elements of Grammar,' 1842 ; ' The 
 Elements of Linear Perspective,' 1842 ; 
 ' Exercises in Practical Science,' 1844 ; 
 ' Sabbath Days,' 1844 ; ' Poems of 
 Rural Life, in the Dorset Dialect,' 
 1844; 'Poems, partly of Rural Life, 
 in national English,' 1846 ; ' Outlines 
 of Geography,' 1847; ' Se Gefylsta,' 
 1849; 'Humilis Domus,' 1849; 'A 
 Philological Grammar,' 1854 ; ' Notes 
 on Ancient Britain and the Britons,' 
 1858 ; 'Hwomely Rhymes : a second 
 collection of poems in the Dorset 
 dialect,' 1859 ; ' Views of Labour and 
 Gold, 1859 ; ' The Song of Solomon, 
 in the Dorset Dialect ' (privately 
 printed), 1859 ; ' Tiw,' 1862 ; • A 
 Grammar and Glossary of the Dorset 
 Dialect,' 1864 ; ' Poems of Rural 
 Life in the Dorset Dialect : third col- 
 lection,' 1862; 'A Guide to Dor- 
 
BARRIE -BAXTER 
 
 19 
 
 Chester,' 1864 ; ' Poems of Rural Life 
 in Common English,' 1868 ; ' Early 
 England and the Saxon English,' 1869 ; 
 * A Paper on Somerset,' 1869 ; * An 
 Outline of English Speechcraft,' 1878 ; 
 ' Poems of Rural Life in the Dorset 
 Dialect ' (collections i. -iii. together), 
 1879 ; • An Outline of Redecraft,' 
 1880 ; ' A Glossary of the Dorset 
 Dialect,' 1883. 
 
 He edited : J. Poole's ' Glossary and 
 some Pieces of Verse of the Old 
 Dialect, etc.,' 1867. 
 
 Life : by his daughter, Lucy Baxter, 
 1887. 
 
 BABRIE (James Matthew), b. 
 1860. Bom, at Kirriemuir, Forfar- 
 shire, 9 May 1860. At school there, 
 and at Dumfries Academy. At Edin- 
 burgh Univ., 1879-82. M.A., 1882. 
 On staff of * Nottingham Journal,' 
 1883. To London, 1884. Contrib. 
 to *St. James' Gaz.,' 'Home Chimes,' 
 'British Weekly,' 'Speaker,' 'National 
 Observer.' Comedy, ' Walker, London, ' 
 produced at Toole's Theatre, 25 Feb. 
 1892 ; 'The Professor's Love Story,' 
 in New York, 19 Dec. 1892 ; at 
 Toole's Theatre, London, 25 June 
 1894; 'Jane Annie' (written with 
 Conan Doyle) at Savoy, 13 May 1893. 
 Married Mary Ansell, 1894. 
 
 Works : * Better Dead,' 1887 ; 
 * When a Man's Single,' 1888 ; ' Auld 
 Licht Idylls,' 1888 ; ' A Window in 
 Thrums,' 1889; 'An Edinburgh 
 Eleven,' 1889 ; ' My Lady Nicotine,' 
 1890 ; * The Little Minister,' 1891 
 (2nd edn. same year) ; ' Jane Annie ' 
 (with Conan Doyle), 1893 ; ' Senti- 
 mental Tommy,' 1896 ; ' Margaret 
 Ogilvy,' 1896. 
 
 BARROW {Sir John), 1764-1848. 
 Born, at Dragley Beck, near Ulver- 
 ston, 19 June 1764. Educated at 
 Town Bank Grammar School. Taste 
 for mathematics. Time-keeper in an 
 iron foundry in Liverpool, 1778-81. 
 "Voyaged to Greenland in a whaler. 
 Subsequently mathematical master in 
 school at Greenwich. On embassy to 
 China with Lord Macartney, as comp- 
 troller of household, 1792-94. With 
 him to Cape of Good Hope as private 
 
 secretary, 1796-98. Remained in 
 S. Africa for exploration, 1798-99. On 
 military mission in Eastern S. Africa, 
 1799. Married Anna Maria Triiter, 
 Aug. 1799. Returned to England, June 
 1803. Second secretary to Admiralty, 
 1804-06, 1807-45. Hon. LL.D., Edin- 
 burgh, 1821. Active part in founding 
 of Royal Geographical Society, 1830. 
 Contrib. to 'Quarterly Rev.,' 'Edin- 
 burgh Rev.,' 'Encyclopaedia Britan- 
 nica.' Created baronet, 1835. Re- 
 tired from public life, 1845. Died 
 suddenly, in London, 23 Nov. 1848. 
 Buried in Camden Town. 
 
 Works : ' Some Account of the 
 Public Life ... of the Earl of Macart- 
 ney,' 1807 ; 'An Account of Travels 
 into the Interior of Southern Africa ' 
 (2 vols.), 1801-04 ; 'Travels in China,' 
 1804 ; 'A Voyage to Cochin China,' 
 1806 ; * A Chronological History of 
 Voyages into the Arctic Regions,' 
 1818 ; 'The Eventful History of the 
 Mutiny ... of H.M.S. Bounty' 
 (anon.), 1831 ; 'Life of Richard, Earl 
 Howe,' 1838 ; ' The Life of George, 
 Lord Anson,' 1839 ; * A Memoir of 
 the Life of Peter the Great, 1845 ; 
 * Voyages of Discovery and Research 
 within the Arctic Regions,' 1846 ; 
 'Autobiographical Memoir,' 1847. 
 
 Life : by Sir G. T. Staunton, 1852. 
 
 BAXTER (Richard), 16161691. 
 Born at Eaton - Constantino, near 
 Shrewsbury, 12 [?] Nov. 1615. At 
 Free School, Wroxeter, 1630-33 ; then 
 for short time under tuition of Richard 
 Wickstead at Ludlow Castle. To 
 Court of Whitehall with introduction 
 to Master of the Revels, 1633. Return 
 home owing to mother's death, 1834. 
 In charge of Wroxeter School for 
 three months. Began theological 
 studies. Ordained, and appointed 
 Headmaster of new school at Dudley, 
 1638. Assistant minister at Bridg- 
 north, 1639-41. Appointed preacher 
 at Kidderminster, 5 April 1641. Es- 
 poused cause of Parliament in Civil 
 War. To Coventry, 1643 [?]. Chap- 
 lain to Captain Whalley's regiment, 
 1645. In retirement, owing to ill- 
 health, 1647-50. 'Aphorismes of 
 2—2 
 
20 
 
 BEACONSFIELD— BEAUMONT 
 
 Justification ' published, 1649 ; ' The 
 Saint's Everlasting Rest,' 1650. 
 Returned to Kidderminster. To Lon- 
 don, 1660. Preached before House of 
 Commons at St. Margaret's, 30 April 
 1660 ; before Lord Mayor and Alder- 
 men at St. Paul's, 10 May 1660. Ap- 
 pointed Chaplain to Charles II. 
 Finally left Church of England, 16 
 May 1662, and retired to Acton. Mar- 
 ried Margaret Charlton, 10 Sept. 1662. 
 Visit to Richard Hampden in Buck- 
 inghamshire, 1665. 'A Call to the 
 Unconverted ' published, 1665. Wife 
 died, 1681. Wrote ' Breviate ' of her 
 Life, 1681. Arrested, 28 Feb. 1685, 
 for libel on the Church in his * Para- 
 phrase of the New Testament. ' Trial, 
 30 May. Sentenced to fine of 500 
 marks and imprisonment till paid. 
 Discharged from prison, 24 Nov. 1686, 
 fine being remitted. Active in coali- 
 tion of dissenters with conforming 
 clergy, 1688. Died, 8 Dec. 1891. 
 Buried in Christ Church, London. 
 
 Works: Between 1649 and 1691 
 Baxter published 148 works. Nine 
 were published posthumously between 
 1692 and 1701. A complete list is 
 given in Orme's ' Life of Baxter,' 1830, 
 and A. B. Grosart's * Annotated 
 List' of Baxter's Writings, 1868. 
 Baxter's ' Practical Works ' were 
 published in 4 vols, in 1707 ; again, in 
 23 vols., with life, by W. Orme, 1830. 
 'Reliquiae Baxterianas' (autobiogra- 
 phy), edited by M. Sylvester, 1696. 
 
 BEACONSFIELD, Earl ot See 
 
 Disraeli (Benjamin). 
 
 BEATTIE (James), 1735 - 1803. 
 Born, at Laurencekirk, Kincardine, 
 25 Oct. 1735. To Marischal CoU., 
 Aberdeen, 1749; M.A., 1753. School- 
 master and parish clerk at Fordoun, 
 1753-58. Contrib. to 'Scots' Maga- 
 zine.' Master at Aberdeen Grammar 
 School, 1758-60. Professor of Moral 
 Philosophy and Logic, Marischal 
 Coll., 1760-97. Published first vol. 
 of poems, 1761. First visit to London, 
 1763. Friendship with Gray begun, 
 1765. Married Mary Dunn, 28 June 
 1767. Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 9 July 
 1773. Crown pension of £200, Aug. 
 
 1773. Refused Professorship of Moral 
 Philosophy at Edinburgh, 1773. 
 Active literary work. Failing health 
 from 1793. Died, 18 Aug. 1803. 
 Buried in St. Nicholas Churchyard, 
 Aberdeen. 
 
 Works : * Original Poems and 
 Translations,' 1760; 'Judgment of 
 Paris/ 1765 ; ' Verses on the Death 
 of Churchill,' 1765 ; 'Poems on Several 
 Subjects,' 1766 ; * Essay on Truth,' 
 1770 ; ' The Minstrel,' pt. i. (anon.), 
 1771 ; pt. ii., 1774 ; * Poems on Several 
 Occasions,' 1776; ' Essays,' 1776 (2nd 
 edn. same year) ; ' Letter to the Rev. 
 H. Blair ... on the Improvement of 
 Psalmody in Scotland' (anon., privately 
 printed), 1778; ' List of Two Hundred 
 Scotticisms * (anon.), 1779 ; ' Disserta- 
 tions, Moral and Critical,' 1783 ; 'Evi- 
 dences of the Christian Religion,' 1 786 ; 
 'The Theory of Language,' 1788 ; 'Ele- 
 ments of Moral Science,' vol. i., 1790 ; 
 vol. ii., 1793; 'Notes on Addison' 
 (apparently not published), 1790. 
 
 Collected Poems : 1805,1810, 1822, 
 1831, etc. 
 
 He edited: 'Essays and Frag- 
 ments,' by his son, J. H. Beattie 
 (privately printed), 1794. 
 
 Life : by Bower, 1804 ; by Sir W. 
 Forbes, 1806. 
 
 BEAUMONT (Francis), 1584-1616. 
 Born, at Grace-Dieu, Leicestershire, 
 1584. Matriculated at Broadgates 
 Hall (now Pembroke College, Ox- 
 ford), 1597. Left Univ. without 
 degree, April 1598, on death of father. 
 Admitted to Inner Temple, 3 Nov. 
 1600. First verses published, 1602. 
 Early intimacy with John Fletcher. 
 Wrote dramas with him, 1605-14. 
 Lived in London, with occasional 
 visits to Grace-Dieu. Married Ursula 
 Isley, 1613 [?]. Had two daughters. 
 Died, 6 March 1616. Buried in 
 Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works: [For plays written with 
 John Fletcher, see below.] Verses 
 prefixed to Sir John Beaumont's 'Me- 
 tamorphosis of Tobacco,' 1602 ; 'Sal- 
 macis and Hermaphroditus ' (anon. ; 
 authorship not certain), 1602 ; • The 
 
BEAUMONT AND FLETCHER— BEDDOES 
 
 21 
 
 Masque of the Gentlemen of Grayes 
 Inne and the Inner Temple ' (anon.), 
 [1613] ; contrib. to * Certain Elegies, 
 done by sundrie excellent Wits,' 1618. 
 Posthumous: •Poems,' 1640. 
 
 BEAUMONT AND FLETCHER. 
 
 Plays published in their lifetime 
 under the joint names of Francis 
 Beaumont and John Fletcher {q.v.), 
 or attributed to them : * The Woman 
 Hater' (anon.), 1607 ; 'The Knight 
 of the Burning Pestle,' 1613; 'Cu- 
 pid's Revenge' (published in Fletcher's 
 name), 1615; 'The Scornful Ladie,' 
 1616 ; ' A King and no King,' 1619 ; 
 ' The Maid's Tragedy ' (anon.), 1619 ; 
 'Phylaster,' 1620 (performed 1611); 
 ' Tragedy of Thierry, King of France ' 
 (anon., possibly by Fletcher alone), 
 1621. 
 
 Posthumous : ' The Elder Brother ' 
 (published in Fletcher's name), 1637 ; 
 'The Bloody Brother' (published 
 under initials : B. J. F.),1639; 'Wit 
 Without Money' (probably by Flet- 
 cher alone), 1639; 'Comedies and 
 Tragedies' (containing the following 
 plays, some of which were subsequently 
 published separately : ' The Mad 
 Lover,' * The Spanish Curate,' 'The 
 Little French Lawyer,' ' The Custome 
 of the Countrey,' * The Noble G entle- 
 man,' * The Captaine,' ' The Beggar's 
 Bush,' 'The Coxcombe,' 'The False 
 One,' 'The Chances,' 'The Loyall 
 Subject,' 'The Lawes of Candy,' 
 'The Lover's Progresse,' ' The Island 
 Princesse,' 'The Humorous Lieu- 
 tenant,' 'The Nice Valour,' 'The 
 Maid in the Mill,' 'The Prophetesse,' 
 •Bonduca,' 'The Sea Voyage,' 'The 
 Double Marriage,' ' The Pilgrime,' 
 ' The Knight of Malta,' ' The Woman's 
 Prize,' 'Love's Cure,' 'The Honest 
 Man's Fortune,' 'The Queene of 
 Corinth,' ' Women Pleas'd,' * A Wife 
 for a Moneth,' ' Wit at severall Wea- 
 pons,' 'Valentinian,' 'The Fair Maide 
 of the Inne,' ' Love's Pilgrimage,' 
 'The Masque of the Gentlemen of 
 Grayes Inne, etc.,' 'Four Plays or 
 Moral Representations in One'), 1647 ; 
 'The Wild-Goose Chase' (probably by 
 Fletcher alone), 1652. 
 
 Collected Works: ed., with memoir , 
 by Dyce(ll vols.), 1843-46. 
 
 BECKFORD (William), 1760-1844. 
 Born, at Fonthill, Wilts, 1 Oct. 1760. 
 Privately educated. At Geneva with 
 tutor, 1777-79. Visit to Netherlands, 
 1780 ; to Italy, 1782. Married Lady 
 Margaret Gordon, 5 May 1783 ; lived 
 partly in Switzerland until her death, 
 26 May 1786. M.P. for Wells, 1784- 
 90. Visit to Portugal and Spain, 1787. 
 In Paris, 1791-92 ; at Lausanne, 
 1792-93. Visit to Portugal, 1794. 
 M.P. for Hindon, 1806-20. Lived in 
 seclusion at Fonthill Giffard, 1796- 
 1822; obliged to sell estate, 1822. 
 Removed to Bath. Died there, 
 2 May 1844 ; buried there. 
 
 Works : ' Dreams, Waking Thoughts 
 and Incidents ' (anon. ), 1783 ; ' Va- 
 thek,' in English (anon., surrepti- 
 tiously published in London by S. 
 Henley, who translated from Beck- 
 ford's MS.), 1786 ; in French (anon,), 
 Paris, 1787 (another edn. same year, 
 published at Lausanne with author's 
 name) ; ' Modern Novel Writing ; or, 
 The Elegant Enthusiast' (under pseud, 
 of Lady Harriet Mario w), 1796 ; ' Ame- 
 zia' (under pseud, of 'Jacquetta Agneta 
 Mariana Jenks '), 1797 ; 'Biographical 
 Memoirs of Extraordinary Painters ' 
 (anon.), 1824 ; ' Italy, with Sketches 
 of Spain and Portugal,' 1834; 'Re- 
 collections of . . . the Monasteries of 
 Alcoba^a and Batalha' (anon.), 1835. 
 
 He translated : * Al Ravni,' 1783. 
 
 Life: by Cyrus Redding (anon.), 
 1859. 
 
 BEDDOES (Thomas lovell), 1803- 
 1849. Born, at Clifton, 20 July 1803. 
 Educated at Bath Grammar School ; 
 and at Charterhouse, June 1817-20. 
 Contrib. sonnet to * Morning Post,' 
 1819. Wrote ' The Bride's Tragedy,' 
 1819. To Pembroke Coll., Oxford, 
 1 May 1820 ; B.A., 25 May 1825 ; 
 M.A., 16 April 1828. Assisted in 
 publication of Shelley's Posthumous 
 Poems, 1824. To Italy in summer of 
 1824. At Gottingen Univ., study- 
 ing medicine, July 1825-29. To 
 Wiirzburg, 1829 ; degree of M.D. 
 there, 1832. At Zurich, June 1835 
 
22 
 
 BEHN— BENTHAM 
 
 to March 1840. To Berlin, 1841. 
 In England, 1842 ; at various towns 
 in Germany and Switzerland, 1844-46 ; 
 in England, 1846-47 ; settled in 
 Frankfort, June 1847. Died, in 
 Basle Hospital, 26 Jan. 1849. Buried 
 in Hospital cemetery. 
 
 Works : * The Improvisatore,' 1821 ; 
 ' The Bride's Tragedy,' 1822. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Death's Jest-Book, 
 or the Fool's Tragedy,' 1850 ; * Poems, 
 Posthumous and Collected,' ed. by 
 T. F. Kelsall (2 vols.), 1851 ; 'Poeti- 
 cal Works,* ed. by E. Gosse (2 vols.), 
 1890; 'Letters,' ed. by E. Gosse, 
 1894. 
 
 BEHN {Mrs. Aphra), 1640-1689. 
 Born [Aphra Johnson], at Wye, Kent, 
 10 July 1640. Taken to West Indies 
 early in Life. Returned to England, 
 
 1658. Married to Behn, 1660 [?]. 
 
 In favour with Charles II. ; sent by 
 him on secret service to Antwerp, 
 1665. On return to England took to 
 playwriting. First play produced at 
 Duke's Theatre, 1671. Various plays 
 produced, 1671-78, 1681-87. Died, 
 in London, 16 April, 1689. Buried 
 in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works: 'The Forc'd Marriage,' 
 1671 ; ' The Amorous Prince,' 1671 ; 
 *The Dutch Lover,' 1673; ' Abdel- 
 azar,' 1677; 'The Rover,' pt. i. 
 (anon.), 1677; pt. ii., 1681; 'The 
 Debauchee' (anon.), 1677; 'The Town 
 Fop,' 1677 ; 'Sir Patient Fancy,' 1678 ; 
 'The Feign'd Curtizans,' 1679 ; 'The 
 Roundheads,' 1682; 'The City Heiress,' 
 1682 ; ' The False Count,' 1682 ; ' The 
 Young King,' 1683; 'Poems upon 
 several occasions,' 1684; 'The Ad- 
 ventures of the Black Lady,' 1684 ; 
 two ' Pindarick Poems ' and a poem 
 to the Queen Dowager, 1685 ; ' La 
 Montre,' 1686; 'Emperor of the 
 Moon,' 1687; 'The Lucky Chance,' 
 1687 ; 'Lycidus,' 1688 ; 'A Poem to 
 Sir Roger L'Estrange,' 1688 ; Three 
 'Congratulatory Poems ' to the Queen, 
 1688; 'The Lucky Mistake,' 1689; 
 » Congratulatory Poem ' to the Queen, 
 1689." 
 
 Posthumous: 'The Widow Ranter,' 
 ed. by " G. J.," 1690 ; ' The Youngor 
 
 Brother,' ed. by Gildon, 1696 ; 'The 
 Lady's Looking Glass,' 1697. 
 
 She translated : (with others) Ovid'a 
 * Heroical Epistles,' 1683 ; Fonte- 
 nelle's ' Discovery of New Worlds,* 
 1688 ; Van Dale's ' History of Oracles,' 
 1699 ; and edited 'Miscellany,' 1685. 
 
 Collected Works : ' Poetical Re- 
 mains,' ed. by Gildon, 1698; 'His- 
 tories and Novels,' 1698 ; ' Plays,' 
 1702 ; ' Plays, Histories and Novels 
 . . . with Life ' (6 vols.), 1871. 
 
 BELL (Acton). See Bronte (Anne). 
 
 BELL (Cnrrer). See Bronte (Char- 
 lotte). 
 
 BELL (Ellis). See Bronte (Emily 
 Jane). 
 
 BENTHAM (Jeremy), 1748-1832. 
 Bom, in Houndsditch, 15 Feb. 1748. 
 Precocious ability in early years. At 
 Westminster School, 1755-60. To 
 Queen's Coll., Oxford, 28 June 1760 ; 
 B.A., 1763; M.A., 1766. Vidb to 
 France, 1764. Called to Bar at Lin- 
 coln's Inn, 1772. Devoted himself 
 to literary work. Visit to his brother 
 at Zadobras, in Russia, Aug. 1785. 
 Removed from London to Ford Abbey, 
 near Chard, 1814. Interest in politi- 
 cal and national affairs. Provided 
 funds for starting the ' Westminster 
 Review,' 1823. Abroad for health 
 same year. Died, 6 June 1832. Left 
 his body to be dissected. Skeleton 
 preserved in University College. 
 
 Works : Between 70 and 80 works 
 by Bentham were published between 
 1775 and 1832. His 'Collected 
 Works' (11 vols.) were edited by Sir 
 John Bowring, 1838-43. Some of the 
 more important are : ' A Fragment on 
 Government' (anon.), 1776; 'Intro- 
 duction to the Principles of Morals 
 and Legislation,' 1780 ; 'Panopticon,* 
 1791 ; ' Plan of Parliamentary Re- 
 form,' 1817 ; 'Codification and Public 
 Instruction,' 1817. Several of Ben- 
 tham's works were translated into 
 French by Dumont, in some cases 
 from Bentham's unpublished MSS. 
 
 Life : by Bowring, in 1838 edn. of 
 Works. 
 
BENTLEY-BERKELEY 
 
 23 
 
 BtKTLEY (Eichard), 1662-1742. 
 Bora, at Oulton, near Wakefield, 27 
 Jan. 1662. Educated at a day school 
 near Oulton ; at Wakefield Grammar 
 School, 1673-76. To St. John's Coll., 
 Cambridge, as subsizar, 24 May 1676 ; 
 matriculated, 6 July 1676 ; Dowman 
 Scholar, 4 Nov. 1678 ; Constable 
 Scholarship, 1679; B.A., 1680; M. A., 
 July 1683. Master of School at Spal- 
 ding for shori; time in 1682. Private 
 tutor to son of Dr. Stillingfleet, 1682- 
 89. Went to reside in Oxford, 1689. 
 Ordained Chaplain to Dr. Stillingfleet, 
 16 March 1690. First Boyle Lecturer, 
 1692. Prebend of Worcester, 1692. 
 Keeper of Royal Libraries, 1694. 
 F.R.S., 1694. Chaplain in Ordinary 
 to King, 1695. D.D., Oxford, July 
 1 696. To oflScial residence as Royal 
 Librarian, in St. James's Palace, 1696. 
 Active part in restoring Cambridge 
 University Press. Appointed Master 
 of Trinity Coll., Cambridge, 1 Feb. 
 
 1700. Married Joanna Bernard, 
 
 1701. Had four children. Tried 
 before Bishop of Ely for unconstitu- 
 tional practices as Master of Trinity, 
 1714. Bishop of Ely died before 
 giving judgment, so trial lapsed. 
 Deprived of degrees by University, 
 having failed to appear in Vice- 
 Chancellor's Court to answer suit of 
 Conyers Middleton respecting fees, 
 1718. Degrees restored, 26 Mar. 
 1724. Again tried before Bishop of 
 Ely for proceedings as Master of 
 Trinity, 1733. Deprived of Master- 
 ship, 27 April 1734. Execution of 
 sentence prevented by action of 
 Bentley's friends. Paralytic stroke, 
 1739. Wife died, 1740. He died, 14 
 July 1742. Buried in Trinity Coll. 
 Chapel. 
 
 Works : * Letter to Mill ' (as ap- 
 pendix to the * Chronicle of Malala'), 
 1691; "The Folly and Unreason- 
 ableness of Atheism' (Boyle Lec- 
 tures), 1693 ; *0f Revelation and the 
 Messias,' 1696; *A Proposal for 
 building a Royal Library,' 1697 ; 
 * Dissertation upon the Letters of 
 Phalaris' (in second edn. of Dr. 
 Wotton's • Reflections upon Ancient 
 and Modern Learning '), 1697 ; ex- 
 
 panded edition, pub. separately, with 
 answer to C. Boyle, 1699 ; • Emenda- 
 tiones in Menandri et Philemonia 
 Reliquias' (under pseud, of 'Phil- 
 eleutherus Lipsiensis '), 1710; *The 
 Present State of Trinity College,' 
 1710; 'Remarks upon a late dis- 
 course of Free- thinking' (anon.), 
 1713 ; 'A Sermon upon Popery,' 1715 ; 
 ' A Sermon preached before Her 
 Majesty,' 1717 ; 'Proposals for print- 
 ing a new edition of the Greek Testa- 
 ment ' (anon.), 1721; 'Emendations 
 on the twelve books of Paradise Lost,' 
 1732. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Opuscula Philo- 
 logica,' 1781 ; 'R. Bentleii et doctorum 
 virorum Epistolse,' 1807; 'Corres- 
 pondence,' ed. by C. Wordsworth (2 
 vols.), 1842; ' Critica Sacra,' ed. by 
 A. A. Ellis, 1862. 
 
 He edited : Malala, 1691 ; Calli- 
 machus, 1692; Cicero ('Tusculan 
 Disputations '), 1709 ; Aristophanes, 
 
 1710 ; Horace, 1711 ; Terence, 1726 ; 
 Milton ('Paradise Lost'), 1732. He 
 also at various times annotated : 
 Antigonus, Lucan, Lucretius, Nican- 
 der, Ovid, Phsedrus, Philostratus, 
 Plautus and Suetonius. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by Dyce (3 
 vols.), 1836-38. 
 
 Life: by J. H. Monk (2nd edn.), 
 1833; by Prof. Jebb (' EngHsh Men 
 of Letters ' series), 1882. 
 
 BERKELEY (George), Bishop of 
 Cloyne. 1685-1763. Born, in County 
 Kilkenny, 12 March 1685. To Kil- 
 kenny School, 17 July 1696. To 
 Trinity Coll., Dublin, 21 Mar. 1700 ; 
 Scholar, 1702; B.A., 1704; M.A., 
 1707 ; Fellowship, 9 June 1707 ; 
 Tutor of College, 1707-24; Sub- 
 lecturer, 1710 ; Junior Dean, 1710 and 
 
 1711 ; Junior Greek Lecturer, 1712 ; 
 Divinity Lecturer and Senior Greek 
 Lecturer, 1721 ; B.D. and D.D., 14 
 Nov. 1721 ; Hebrew Lecturer and 
 Senior Proctor, 1722. Visit to Eng- 
 land, 1713. Contrib. to * The Guar- 
 dian,' Mar. and Aug. 1713, Chaplain 
 to Lord Peterborough on embassy to 
 King of Sicily, Nov, 1713 to summer 
 of 1714. In London, 1715-16. Abroad 
 
24 
 
 BESANT 
 
 1716-20 (as travelling tutor, Nov. 
 1716-18). To London, 1720. To 
 Ireland, as chaplain to Lord - Lieu- 
 tenant, 1721. Legacy left him by 
 Hester Vanhomrigh, 1723. Dean of 
 Derry, May, 1724. In London with 
 project for Missionary College in 
 America, 1724-28. Charter for Col- 
 lege obtained, June 1725. Married 
 Anne Forster, 1 Aug. 1728. To 
 America, 4 Sept. 1728. Kemained 
 there till 1731. Scheme failed, owing 
 to impossibility of obtaining promised 
 grant from English Govt. In Lon- 
 don, 1732-34. Consecrated Bishop of 
 Cloyne, 19 May 1734. At Cloyne, 
 1734-52. Retired and went to Eng- 
 land, Aug. 1752. Lived in Oxford, 
 1752-53 ; died there, 14 Jan. 1753 ; 
 buried at Ch, Ch. 
 
 Works: 'Arithmetica absque Al- 
 gebra aut Euclide demonstrata,' 1707 ; 
 'Mathematica ' (anon.), 1707 ; * Essay 
 towards a new theory of Vision,' 1709 
 (2nd edn. same year); 'Treatise 
 concerning the Principles of Human 
 Knowledge,' 1710; 'Passive Obe- 
 dience,' 1712 (2nd edn. same year) ; 
 
 * Three Dialogues between Hylas and 
 Philonous,' 1713 ; 'De Motu,' 1721 ; 
 
 * Essay towards preventing the Ruin 
 of Great Britain' (anon.), 1721; 
 
 * Proposal for the better Supplying of 
 Churches in our Foreign Plantations ' 
 (anon.), 1725 ; 'Sermon before Soc. 
 for Propagation of Gospel,' 1732 ; 
 *Alciphron' (anon.), 1732 (2nd edn. 
 same year) ; * Theory of Vision . . . 
 vindicated and explained' (anon.), 
 1733; *The Analyst' (anon.), 1734; 
 
 * A Defence of Free-thinking in 
 Mathematics' (anon.), 1735; 'Rea- 
 sons for not replying to Mr. Walton's 
 Full Answer, etc' (anon.), 1735 ; 
 ' The Querist,' 1735-37 ; * A Discourse 
 addressed to Magistrates' (anon.), 
 1736; 'A Chain of Philosophical 
 Reflections . . . concerning the vir- 
 tues of Tar-Water, etc.,' 1744 (2nd 
 and 3rd edns. same year ; 4th, 1746 ; 
 5th, 1748 ; all of these under the 
 title of ' Sir is ') ; ' Letter to Thomas 
 Prior ' [on the virtues of tar - water] 
 (anon.), 1744; 'Letter to the Ro- 
 man Catholics of the Diocese of 
 
 Cloyne,' 1745 ; Second Letter to 
 Thomas Pryor, 1746 (the first and 
 second letters together, as appx. to 
 Prior's ' Authentick Narrative,' 1746) ; 
 ' Two Letters, the one to T. Prior . . . 
 the other to Dr. Hales' [on the virtues 
 of tar- water], 1747 ; 'A Word to 
 the Wise' (anon.), 1749; 'Maxims 
 concerning Patriotism,' 1750 ; 'Further 
 Thoughts on Tar- Water,' in ' Bentley's 
 Miscellany,' 1752 ; ' A Miscellany 
 containing several tracts on various 
 subjects,' 1752. 
 
 Posthumous: Letter (written 1741) 
 to Sir J. James on the Roman Catholic 
 Controversy, 1850. 
 
 Collected Works .• in 2 vols., ed. by 
 J. Stock, 1784 ; in 2 vols., ed. by G. 
 N. Wright, 1843 ; complete edn., 
 with life by Prof. Eraser, 1871. 
 
 BESANT {Sir Walter), b. 1836. 
 Born, at Portsmouth, 14 Aug. 1836. 
 At King's Coll., London, 1854-55. 
 To Christ's Coll., Cambridge, 1855 ; 
 B.A., 1859 ; M.A., 1863. Senior 
 Professor in Royal Coll. of Mauritius, 
 1860-68. Sec. to Palestine Explora- 
 tion Fund, 1868-86 (Hon. Sec, 1886). 
 Collaborated with James Rice, 
 1871-82. Trustee to People's Palace, 
 1887-91. Chairman of Committee 
 Incorporated Society of Authors, 
 1887-92. Editor of 'The Author' 
 (first published 1890). Hon. Trea- 
 surer Home Arts Association, 1888- 
 1896. Knighted, 1895. Resides in 
 Hampstead. 
 
 Works : * Studies in Early French 
 Poetry,' 1868 ; ' Ready-Money Morti- 
 boy' (with J. Rice; anon.), 1871; 
 ' Jerusalem ' (with E. H. Palmer), 
 1871 ; 'When George the Third was 
 King,' 1872 ; ' The French Humour- 
 ists,' 1873 ; ' My Little Girl ' (with 
 Rice ; anon.), 1873 ; 'With Harp and 
 Crown' (with Rice; anon.), 1876; 
 •The Golden Butterfly' (with Rice; 
 anon.), 1876 ; 'This Son of Vulcan' 
 (with Rice ; anon.), 1876 ; 'Our Villas' 
 (with Rice), 1877 ; 'The Case of Mr. 
 Lucraft' (with Rice; anon.), 1877; 
 ' Book of French,' 1877 ; ' The Monks 
 of Thelema' (with Rice), 1878 ; 'By 
 Celia's Arbour' (with Rice), 1878; 
 
BIRRELL-BLACK 
 
 •Constantinople' (with W. J. Brod- 
 ribb), 1879 ; * 'Twas in Trafalgar 
 Bay ' (with Rice), 1879 ; * Gaspard de 
 Coligny,' 1879 ; ' Rabelais,' 1879 ; 
 'The Seamy Side ' (with Rice), 1880 ; 
 
 • Sir Richard Whittington ' (with 
 Rice), 1881 ; • The Ten Years' Tenant' 
 (with Rice), 1881 ; 'The Chaplain 
 of the Fleet' (with Rice), 1881 ; 'The 
 Revolt of Man' (anon.), 1882 ; 'All 
 Sorts and Conditions of Men,' 1882 ; 
 ' Readings in Rabelais,' 1883 ; ' All 
 in a Garden Fair,' 1883 ; 'Life of E. 
 H. Palmer,' 1883 ; ' The Captain's 
 Room,' 1883 ; ' Life in a Hospital ' 
 (from 'Gentleman's Magazine '), 1883 ; 
 
 • The Art of Fiction,' 1884 ; ' Dorothy 
 Forster,' 1884 ; ' Uncle Jack,' 1885 ; 
 Report of Palestine Exploration Fund 
 Work, 1865 to 1866 (under initials : 
 W. B.), 1886 ; 'ChUdren of Gibeon,' 
 1886 ; 'Katherine Regina,' 1887 ; 'The 
 World went very well then,' 1887 ; 
 'The Eulogy of Richard Jeflferies,' 
 1888; 'Fifty Years Ago,' 1888; 
 ' Herr Paulus,' 1888 ; * The Inner 
 House,' 1888 ; ' For Faith and Free- 
 dom,' 1889 ; ♦ The Bell of St. Paul's,' 
 
 1889 ; ' To Call her Mine,' 1889 ; 
 ' Armorel of Lyonesse,' 1890 ; ' Cap- 
 tain Cook,' 1890; 'The Demoniac,' 
 1890; 'The Holy Rose,' 1890; 'The 
 Literary Handmaid of the Church,' 
 
 1890 ; • St. Katherine's by the Tower,' 
 
 1891 ; ' The Ivory Gate,' 1892 ; 
 'London,' 1892; 'Verbena Camellia 
 Stephanotis,' 1892 ; 'The Rebel Queen,' 
 1893 ; ' The History of London,' 1893 ; 
 'Beyond the Dreams of Avarice,' 
 1895 ; • In Deacon's Orders,' 1895 ; 
 ' Westminster,' 1895 ; ' The City of 
 Refuge,' 1896; 'The Charm; and 
 other drawing-room plays ' (with W. 
 Pollock), 1896. 
 
 He has edited: Drake's 'Literary 
 Remains,' 1877 ; Stewart's ' Local 
 Examination Series ' (with R. J. 
 Griffiths), 1877 ; Conder's ' Survey 
 of Western Palestine,' 1881-83 ; 
 Collins' 'Blind Love,' 1890 ; ' Hake's 
 'Suffering London,' 1892; 'Dorothy 
 Wallis,' 1892 ; Read's ' The Cloister 
 and the Hearth,' 1893 ; Hayne's 
 
 • Man -Hunting in the Desert,' 
 1894. 
 
 BIBRELL (Augustine), b. 1850. 
 Born, at Wavertree, near Liverpool, 
 19 Jan. 1850. Educated at Amer- 
 sham Hall School. Matric, London 
 Univ., 1866. To Trinity Hall, Cam- 
 bridge, 1869; B.A., 1872. Student 
 at Inner Temple, 17 Jan. 1873 ; called 
 to Bar, 17 Nov. 1875 ; practises in 
 Chancery Division. Married Mar- 
 garet Louisa Merrielees, 21 Aug. 1878 ; 
 she died, 1879. Married Mrs. Eleanor 
 Tennyson, 1888. M.P. for West Fife, 
 1889, 1892 and 1895. Q.C., 1894. 
 
 Works : ' Obiter Dicta,* 1st series 
 (anon.), 1884 ; 2nd series, 1887 ; 
 ' Life of Charlotte Bronte,' 1887 ; 
 'Res Judicatae,' 1892 ; ' Essays about 
 Men, Women and Books,' 1894 ; ' The 
 Duties and Liabilities of Trustees,' 
 1896. 
 
 He has edited : Lamb's ' Essays of 
 Elia,' 1888 ; Locker-Lampson's ' My 
 Confidences,' 1896; 'Borrow's *La- 
 vengro,' 1896. 
 
 BLACK (William), b. 1841. Born, 
 
 at Glasgow, 15 Nov. 1841. Educated 
 at private schools. Studied at Glasgow 
 School of Art. Oontrib. to ' Glasgow 
 Weekly Citizen. ' First married, 1862. 
 To London, 1864. Joined staff of 
 'Morning Star,' 1865. War corre- 
 spondent during Austro-Prussian War, 
 1866. For a time assistant editor of 
 'Daily News.' 
 
 Works : ' James Merle,' 1864 ; 
 ' Love or Marriage ?' 1868 ; ' In Silk 
 Attire,' 1869 ; ' Kilmeny,' 1870 ; ' Mr. 
 Pisistratus Brown, M.P., in the High- 
 lands ' (from * Daily News ;' anon.), 
 1871; 'The Monarch of Mincing 
 Lane,' 1871 ; * A Daughter of Heth' 
 (anon.), 1871; 'Strange Adventures 
 of a Phaeton,' 1872; 'Princess of 
 Thule,' 1873; 'Maid of Killeena,' 
 1874 ; 'Three Feathers,' 1875 ; 'Mad- 
 cap Violet,' 1876 ; ' Lady Silverdale's 
 Sweetheart,' 1876 ; ' Green Pastures 
 and Piccadilly,' 1877; 'Macleod of 
 Dare,' 1878 ; * Goldsmith,' 1879 ; 
 « White Wings,' 1880 ; ' Sunrise,' 
 1880; 'The Beautiful Wretch: The 
 Four Macnicols : The Pupil of 
 Aurelius,' 1881 ('The Four Mac- 
 nicols' separately, 1882); 'Adven- 
 
26 
 
 BLACKIE 
 
 tureB in Thule,' 1883 ; ' Yolande,' 
 1883 ; • Shandon Bells,' 1883 ; 'Judith 
 Shakespeare,' 1884 ; 'White Heather,' 
 1885 ; ' Wise Women of Inverness,' 
 1885 ; * Sabrina Zembra,' 1887 ; 
 ' Strange Adventures of a House- 
 Boat,' 1888 ; ' In Far Lochaber,' 
 1888 ; ' Nanciebel,' 1889 ; ♦ The 
 Penance of John Logan,' 1889 ; 'The 
 New Prince Portunatus,' 1890 ; 
 'Donald Ross of Heimra,' 1891; 
 'Stand Fast, Craig-Royston,' 1891 ; 
 'Wolfenberg,' 1892; 'The Magic 
 Ink,' 1892 ; ' The Handsome Humes,' 
 1883 ; • Highland Cousins,' 1894 ; 
 •Briseis,' 1896. 
 
 BLACKIE (John Stnart), 1809- 
 1895. Born, in* Glasgow, 28 July 
 1809. Family removed to Aberdeen 
 same year. Educated first at New 
 Academy in Aberdeen. At Marischal 
 College, 1821-24. Studied law for 
 few months, 1824. At Edinburgh 
 University, 1825-26. Returned home. 
 Student at Aberdeen University, 
 1826-29. At Gottingen University, 
 May to Oct. 1829. At Berlin, Oct. 
 
 1829 to March 1830. In Italy, April 
 
 1830 to Sept. 1831. To London, Oct. 
 1831 ; thence home for six months. 
 Began to study law in Edinburgh, 
 1832. Member of Faculty of Advo- 
 cates, 1 July 1834. Translation of 
 'Faust' pub. 1834. Began to con- 
 trib. to ' Blackwood' and ' Foreign 
 Quarterly Review,' 1835. Appointed 
 first Regius Professor of Humanity at 
 Marischal College, May 1839. Diffi- 
 culties in way of installation, owing to 
 action of Presbytery on his refusing 
 to sign unreservedly the Confession of 
 Faith ; in Edinburgh, mainly in con- 
 nection with this, 1839-41. Contrib. 
 to ' Blackwood,' * Foreign Quarterly,' 
 ' Tait's Mag.,' etc. Installed at Aber- 
 deen, 1 Nov. 1841. Married Eliza 
 Wyld, 19 April 1842. Activity re- 
 specting Test Act and Education in 
 Scotland. Visit to London, May 
 1848 ; to Oxford, June 1848 ; to 
 Germany, 1851. Appointed Prof, of 
 Greek in Edinburgh University, 2 
 Mar. 1852. Removed to Edinburgh 
 same month. Visit to Greece, 1853 ; 
 
 Contrib. to 'Edinburgh Essays,' 
 1856-57. To Cambridge, 1858. Visit 
 to Germany and Russia, 1871. Be- 
 gan to promote scheme of Celtic 
 Chair, 1874. Lecturing tour in 
 Wales, 1877. Visit to Egypt, 1878 ; 
 to Italy, 1879. Retired from Greek 
 Chair owing to ill-health, Oct. 1882. 
 Celtic Chair inaugurated by Prof. 
 Mackinnon's Appointment, Dec. 1882. 
 Presented with Silver Cup by Hellenic 
 Society, Mar. 1890. Visit to Turkey 
 and Greece, 1891. Arranged bequest 
 to provide Greek Travelling Scholar- 
 ship at Edinburgh University, 1894. 
 Died 2 Mar. 1895. Buried in Edin- 
 burgh Cathedral. 
 
 Works: 'Intornoun Sarcofago,' 1831 ; 
 ' On Subscription to Articles of Faith,' 
 1843 ; ' University Reform,' 1848 ; 
 ' The Water Cure in Scotland,' 1849 ; 
 ' The Pronunciation of Greek,' 1852; 
 ' On the Studyingand Teaching of Lan- 
 guages,' 1852 ; ' Classical Literature,* 
 1852; 'On the Living Language of 
 the Greeks,' 1853 ; Report on Greek 
 Classes in Edinburgh Univ. [1853] ; 
 * On the Advancement of Learning 
 in Scotland,' 1855 ; 'Lays and Legends 
 of Ancient Greece, '1857 ; 'On Beauty,' 
 1858; 'Lyrical Poems,' 1860; 'The 
 Gaelic Language,' 1864; Translation 
 of Homer, 1866 ; ' On Forms of 
 Government,' 1867; 'Debate with 
 E. Jones on Democracy,' 1867 ; 
 ' Political Tracts ' (* On Government,' 
 'On Education'), 1868; 'Musa 
 Burschicosa,'^ 1869; 'War Songs of 
 the Germans,' 1870 ; * Four Phases of 
 Morals,' 1871 ; ' Greek and English 
 Dialogues,' 1871 ; ' Lays of the High- 
 lands and Islands,' 1872 ; 'Horae Hel- 
 lenicse,' 1874; 'On Self -Culture,' 1874; 
 'The Language and Literature of 
 the Scottish Highlands,' 1876 ; 'Songs 
 of Religion and Life,' 1876 [1875]; 
 ' The Natural History of Atheism,' 
 1877 ; ' The Wise Men of Greece,' 
 1877; 'The Egyptian Dynasties,' 
 1879; 'Gaelic Societies, etc.,' 1880; 
 ' Lay Sermons,' 1881 ; ' Altavona,' 
 1882; 'The Wisdom of Goethe,' 1883 ; 
 ' The Scottish Highlanders and the 
 Land Laws,' 1885; 'What Does 
 Histery Teach V 1886 ; ' Gleanings of 
 
BLACKMORE— BLAKE 
 
 27 
 
 Sdiig from a Happy Life,' 1886 ; 
 
 ♦ Messid Vitse,' 1886 ; 'Life of Robert 
 Burns ' (in ' Great Writers ' series), 
 1888 ; « Letter to the People of Scot- 
 land,' 1888; 'Scottish Song,' 1889; 
 
 * Essays on Subjects of Moral and 
 Social Interest,' 1890 ; 'A Song of 
 Heroes,' 1890 ; ' Greek Primer,' 1891 ; 
 
 * Christianity and the Ideal of Hu- 
 maiiiLy,' 1893. 
 
 He translated: Goethe's 'Faust,' 
 1834 ; ^schylus, 1850 ; and wrote 
 prefaces to Clyde's • Greek Syntax,' 
 1856 ; 0. Blackie's ' Etymological 
 Geography,' 1875 ; Vincent and Dick- 
 son's ' Handbook to Modern Greek,' 
 1879 ; the 'Cbmhraidhean 'an Gaelig's 
 'am Beurla,' 1880 ; Locke's 'Thoughts 
 Concerning Education,' 1886 ; Bacon's 
 'Essays,' 1886 ; Crockett's 'Minstrelsy 
 of the Merse,' 1893. 
 
 TAfe : by A. M. Stoddart (2 vols.), 
 1895 ; biographical sketch, by H. A. 
 Kennedy, 1895. 
 
 BLACKMORE (Ricliard Doddridge), 
 b. 1825. Born, at Longworth, Berk- 
 shire, 7 June 1825. Educated at 
 Tiverton Grammar School. Matric. 
 Exeter Coll., Oxford, 7 Dec. 1843 ; 
 B.A., 2 Dec. 1847 ; M.A., 1852. Stu- 
 dent of Middle Temple, 27 Jan. 1849 ; 
 called to Bar, 7 June 1852. Life spent 
 in literary pursuits. 
 
 Works: 'Poems by Melanter,' 
 1854 ; 'EpuUia' (anon.), 1855 ; 'The 
 Bugle of the Black Sea ' (under pseud, 
 of Melanter), 1855; 'The Fate of 
 Franklin,' 1860; 'Clara Vaughan' 
 (anon.), 1864; ' Cradock Nowell,' 
 1866; 'Loma Doone,' 1869; 'The 
 Maid of Sker,' 1872 ; ' Alice Lorraine,' 
 1875; 'Cripps the Carrier,' 1876; 
 ' Erema,' 1877 ; ' Mary Anerley,' 1880 ; 
 ' Christowell,' 1882 ; ' The Remarkable 
 History of Sir Thomas Upmore,' 1884 ; 
 
 • Springhaven,' 1887 ; 'Kit and Kitty,' 
 1890 [1889]; ' Perlycro8s,' 1894; 
 •Tales from the Telling House,' 1896. 
 
 Heha?i translated: Virgil's Georgics, 
 Bks. I., II., under title of ' The Farm 
 and Fruit of Old,' 1862; Georgics 
 (complete), 1871. 
 
 BLACSSTONE {Sir William), 1723- 
 1780. Born, in London, 10 July 1723. 
 
 To Charterhouse, 1730 ; admitted on 
 Foundation, 1735. To Pembroke Coll., 
 Oxford, 30 Nov. 1738. Entered at 
 Middle Temple, 20 Nov. 1741 ; called 
 to Bar, 28 Nov. 1746. Fellow of All 
 Souls, Oxford, Nov. 1744. B.C.L., 12 
 June 1745. Bursar of All Souls, 1747 ; 
 Steward of Manors, May 1749-59. Re- 
 corder of Borough of Wallingford, 
 Berks, 30 May 1749 to 1770. D.C.L., 
 Oxford, 26 April 1750 ; Assessor of 
 Vice - Chancellor's Court, 1753-59; 
 Delegate of Clarendon JPress, July 
 1755 ; Member of Queen's Coll., 1757 ; 
 First Vinerian Prof, of English Law, 
 10 Oct. 1758 to 1766. Married Sarah 
 Clitherow, 5 May 1761. M.P. for 
 Hindon, Wilts, 6 May 1761. Princi- 
 pal of New Inn Hall, Oxford, 28 July 
 1761 to 1766. Divided his time be- 
 tween Oxford and London. Solicitor- 
 General to the Queen, 1763. Bencher 
 of Middle Temple. M.P. for West- 
 bury, Wilts, 1768. Judge of Common 
 Pleas, 9 Feb. 1770. Knighted, 1770. 
 Died, in London, 14 Feb. 1780. Buried 
 in St. Peter's Church, Wallingford. 
 
 Works : * Essay on Collateral Con- 
 sanguinity ' (anon. ), 1750 ; * Analysis 
 of the Laws of England' (anon.), 1754 ; 
 ' Letter to the Rev. Dr. Randolph,' 
 1757 ; 'Considerations on Copyholders,' 
 1758 ; * A Discourse on the Study of 
 the Law,' 1758 ; 'The Great Charter 
 and Charter of the Forest,' 1759 ; 'A 
 Treatise on the Law of Descents in 
 Fee-simple,' 1759 ; * Reflections on the 
 Opinions of Messrs. Pratt, Morton and 
 Wilbraham,' 1759 ; 'A Case for the 
 Opinion of Counsel,' 1759 ; 'Law 
 Tracts (2 vols.), 1762 ; ' Commentaries 
 on the Laws of England' (4 vols.), 
 1765-69 (2nd. and 3rd. edns. of vols, i.- 
 ii., 1766) ; « A Reply to Dr. Priestly 'a 
 Remarks,' 1769 ; ' The Wilkes Case : 
 an answer to the Question Stated' 
 (anon.), 1769. 
 
 Posthumous : * Reports of Cases 
 Determined in . . . Westminster Hall, 
 1746-79 ' (2 vols.), 1781 (2nd edn. same 
 year). 
 
 Life : by Clitherow, in 1813 edn. of 
 ' Commentaries. ' 
 
 BLAKE (William), 1767-1827. 
 
28 
 
 BLIND— BOLINGBROKE 
 
 Born, in London, 28 Nov. 1757. To 
 drawing school, 1767. Began to write 
 verse, 1768. Apprenticed to J. Basire, 
 engraver to Soc. of Antiquaries, 
 1771-78. Student in Royal Academy, 
 1778. Engraved for magazines and 
 books. Married Catharine Sophia 
 Boucher, 18 Aug. 1782. Opened 
 printseller's shop in Broad Street, 
 1784. Exhibited at R.A. same year. 
 Shop given up, 1787. At Felpham, 
 1800-04. Returned to London. Ex- 
 hibited for last time at R.A. 1808. 
 Died, 12 Aug. 1827. Buried at Bun- 
 hill Fields, Finsbury. 
 
 Works [all engraved and coloured 
 by hand unless otherwise stated] : 
 'Poetical Sketches' (printed), 1783; 
 * Songs of Innocence ' (with assistance 
 of his wife), 1789; 'Book of Thel,' 
 1789; 'Marriage of Heaven and Hell,' 
 
 1790 ; 'French Revolution' (printed), 
 
 1791 ; 'Prospectus,' 1793; 'Gates of 
 Paradise,' 1793 ; 'Visions of the 
 Daughtersof Albion,' 1793 ; 'America" 
 
 1793 ; 'Europe,' 1794 ; ' The Book of 
 Urizen,' 1794 ; ' Songs of Experience,' 
 
 1794 ; ' The Song of Los,' 1795 ; ' The 
 Book of Ahania,' 1795 ; ' Jerusalem,' 
 1804; 'Milton,' 1804 ; 'Descriptive 
 Catalogue ' (printed), 1809. 
 
 Collected Works : Poems, edited by 
 R. H. Shepherd, 1868 ; by W. M. 
 Rossetti (Aldine Series), 1874 ; Works, 
 in facsimile of original editions, 1876. 
 
 Life : by Gilchrist, 2nd ed. 1880. 
 
 BLIND (MatMlde), 1847 • 1896. 
 Born, 21 March 1847. Educated 
 mainly in London and Zurich. Con- 
 trib. to 'Westminster Review,' 1870. 
 Friendship with Mazzini. Contrib. 
 to 'Athenaeum,' 'Examiner,' 'Dark 
 Blue,' ' Eraser's Mag.,' ' Woman's 
 World,' 'Fortnightly Review.' Lec- 
 tured on position of women ; and tra- 
 velled extensively in Southern Europe 
 and Egypt. Lived mainly in London. 
 Died, in London, 26 Nov. 1896. 
 
 Works : * Poems ' (under pseud, of 
 Claude Lake), 1867 ; 'Shelley,' 1870 ; 
 ' The Prophecy of St. Gran,' 1881 ; 
 'George Eliot,' 1883; 'Tarantella,' 
 1885 [1884]; 'Shelley's View of 
 Nature' (privately printed), 1886; 
 
 ' Madame Roland,' 1886 ; ' The 
 Heather on Fire,' 1886 ; ' The Ascent 
 of Man,' 1888; 'Dramas in Minia- 
 ture,' 1891 ; ' Birds of Passage,' 1895. 
 She translated : Strauss's ' The Old 
 Faith and the New,' 1873 ; Marie 
 Bashkirtseff's ' Journal,' 1890 ; and 
 edited : Shelley's Selected Poems, 
 1872 ; Byron's Poems, 1886 ; Byron's 
 ' Letters and Journals,' 1886. 
 
 BLUNT (Wilfred Scawen), b. 1840. 
 Born, at Petworth House, Sussex, 17 
 Aug. 1840. Educated at Stony hurst 
 Coll. (for 8 months), 1853 ; at St. 
 Mary's Coll., Oscott, 1855-58. Entered 
 Diplomatic Service, 13 Dec. 1858. 
 Attache at the Hague, 31 Jan. 1859 ; 
 to Athens, 10 Feb. 1859 ; to Frank- 
 fort, 13 Aug. 1860; to Madrid, 5 
 Aug. 1862 (3rd Sec, 31 Dec. 1863); 
 to Paris, 13 July 1864 ; to Lisbon, 10 
 June 1865 ; to Frankfort, 30 Oct. 
 1865 ; to Buenos Ayres (as 2nd Sec), 
 28 Jan. 1687 ; to Berne, 6 April 1869. 
 Married Lady Anne Isabella Noel, 
 8 June 1869. Left Diplomatic 
 Service, 31 Dec 1869. Travelled in 
 Spain, Egypt, and Palestine. Sup- 
 ported cause of Arabi Pasha, 1882. 
 To Ireland, to take part in Anti- 
 Coercion Movement, 1887. Im- 
 prisoned in Galway and Kilmainham 
 gaols for calling public meeting in 
 proclaimed district of Woodford, 
 1888. Winters since then spent in 
 Egypt. Resides in Sussex. 
 
 Works : ' Sonnets and Songs by 
 Proteus' (anon.), 1875 ; 'Proteus and 
 Amadeus ' (correspondence with Au- 
 brey de Vere), 1878 ; ' The Love 
 Sonnets of Proteus ' (anon.), 1881 ; 
 'The Future of Islam,' 1882; 'The 
 Wind and the Whirlwind,' 1883 ; 
 'Ideas about India,' 1885 ; 'In Vin- 
 culis,' 1889; 'A New Pilgrimage,' 
 1889 ; ' Esther,' 1892 ; ' Love-Lyrics 
 and Songs of Proteus * (Kelmscott 
 Press), 1892. 
 
 He has translated: AbuZaid's 'Ro- 
 mance of the Stealing of the Mare,* 
 1892 ; and edited : Lady Blunt's ' Pil- 
 grimage to Nejd,' 1881. 
 
 BOLINGBKGEE, Viscount. See St 
 John. 
 
BORROW— BOSWELL 
 
 29 
 
 BORROW (George Henry), 1803- 
 1881. Bom, at East Dereham, 5 July 
 1803. Educated at Norwich Grammar 
 School, 1815-18. Family changed 
 place of residence constantly, 1803-20. 
 Articled to Solicitor in Norwich, 1818- 
 23. First literary publication, 1825. 
 To London at father's death. Assisted 
 in compilation of * Newgate Calendar.' 
 Tour through England ; through 
 France, Germany, Russia and the 
 East, as agent for British and Foreign 
 Bible Society, 1833-39. Contrib. 
 letters on his travels to * Morning 
 Post,' 1837-39. Married Mary Clarke, 
 1840. Tour in S.E. Europe, 1844. 
 Bought estate on Oulton Broad. 
 Lived there till about 1865. Removed 
 to Brompton. Wife died there, 1869. 
 Died, at Oulton, 26 July 1881. 
 
 Works : * Romantic Ballads ' (from 
 the Danish), 1826 ; • Targum,' 1835 ; 
 • The Bible in Spain ' (3 vols.), 1843 ; 
 'The Zincali' (2 vols.), 1841 ; 'La- 
 vengro,' 1851; 'The Romany Rye,' 
 1857 ; * Wild Wales,' 1862 j 'Romano 
 Lavo-LiV 1874. 
 
 He translated : F. M. von Klinger's 
 'Faustus,' 1825; Pushkin's 'The 
 Talisman,' 1835 ; St. Luke's Gospel 
 into Gitano dialect, ' Emb^o e Majord 
 Lucas,'1837; 'Orixote eMajord Lucas,' 
 1872; Ellis Winn's 'Sleeping Bard,' 
 from the Cambrian - British, 1860 ; 
 Nasr Al-Din's ' Turkish Jester * (post- 
 humous), 1884; Ewald's 'Death of 
 Balder ' (posthumous), 1889. 
 
 He edited : ' Evangelisa San Lucu- 
 san Guissan ' (Basque translation of 
 St. Luke's Gospel), 1838. 
 
 BOSWELL (James), 1740-1795. 
 Born, at Auchinleck, 29 Oct. 1740. 
 Educated by private tutor ; then at 
 private school in Edinburgh ; then at 
 Edinburgh High School and Edin- 
 burgh Univ. To Glasgow as Student 
 of Civil Law, 8 Jan. 1759. To Lon- 
 don, March 1760. In Edinburgh, 
 April 1761 to Nov. 1762 ; then re- 
 turned to London. Contrib. poems 
 to ' Collections of Original Poems by 
 Mr. Blacklock,' 1762. First met 
 Johnson, 16 May 1763. In Berlin, 
 July 1764. To Italy, Dec. 1764. 
 
 To Utrecht, to study Law, Aug. 1765. 
 Tour in Italy and Corsica. Returned 
 to Scotland, Feb. 1766. Admitted 
 Advocate, 26 July 1766. To London 
 on publication of * Account of Corsica,' 
 May 1768. Married Margaret Mont- 
 gomerie, 25 Nov. 1769. Contrib. to 
 
 ♦ London Magazine,' 1769-70, 1777-79. 
 Frequent visits to Johnson, mostly in 
 London, between 1772 and 1784. 
 Elected Member of Literary Club, 30 
 April 1773. Voyage to Hebrides 
 with Johnson, Aug. to Nov., 1773. 
 Began to keep terms at Inner Temple, 
 1775. Auchinleck estate entailed on 
 him, 7 Aug. 1776. Father died, 30 
 Aug. 1782. Called to Bar, 1786. 
 Appointed Recorder of Carlisle, 1788. 
 Took chambers in Temple, 1790. 
 
 * Life of Johnson* appeared, 16 May 
 1791. Appointed Secretary of Foreign 
 Correspondence to Royal Academy, 
 July 1791. Died, in London, 19 
 May 1795. Buried at Auchinleck. 
 
 Works : * Ode to Tragedy ' (anon.), 
 1761 ; ' Elegy upon the Death of 
 an amiable Young Lady' (anon.), 
 1761; 'The Cub at Newmarket' 
 (anon.), 1762 ; Correspondence with 
 Hon. A. Erskine, 1763; 'Critical 
 Strictures on Mallet's ' Elvira' (with 
 Erskine and Dempster), 1763 ; 
 ' Speeches, Arguments and Determin- 
 ations ' in the Douglas case (anon. ), 
 1767 ; ' Essence of the Douglas Cause ' 
 (anon.), 1767 ; * Dorando,' 1767 ; Pro- 
 logue for the Opening of Edinburgh 
 Theatre, 1767; 'An Account of 
 Corsica,' 1768 ; ' British Essays in 
 favour of the Brave Corsicans,' 1769 ; 
 ' Decision in the Cause of Hunter v. 
 Donaldson,' 1774; 'A Letter to the 
 People of Scotland on the Present 
 State of the Nation,' 1783 ; ' Ode by 
 Samuel Johnson to Mrs. Thrale ' (by 
 Boswell; anon.), 1784 ; 'The Journal 
 of a Tour to the Hebrides,' 1785 (2nd 
 ed. same year) ; ' Letter to the People of 
 Scotland on the alarming Attempt to 
 infringe the Articles of Union,' 1786 ; 
 ' The Celebrated Letter from Samuel 
 Johnson, LL.D., to Philip Damer 
 Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield, 1790 ; 
 , ' Conversation between George III. 
 and Samuel Johnson,' 1790; 'No 
 
80 
 
 BOYD— BRADDON 
 
 Abolition of Slavery ' (probably sup- 
 pressed), 1791; 'Life of Johnson,' 
 1791 (another edn., pirated, 1792 ; 
 2nd authorised edn., 1793) ; * Prin- 
 cipal Corrections and Additions to 
 First Edition,' 1793. 
 
 Posthumous: * Letters to Rev. J. 
 W. Temple,' 1857; • Boswelliana : 
 the Common-place Book of J. Bos- 
 well,' published by Grampian Club, 
 1874. 
 
 Life: by P. Fitzgerald, 1891. 
 
 BOYD (Andrew Kennedy Hutchin- 
 son), b. 1825. Born, at Auchinleck, 
 Ayrshire, 3 Nov. 1825. Educated at 
 King's Coll. School, London, Oct. 1840 
 to Oct. 1841. Admitted to Middle 
 Temple, 1842. At King's Coll., Lon- 
 don, Oct. 1843 to July 1844. To Glas- 
 gow Univ., Nov. 1844 ; B.A., April 
 1846. Ordained, 1851. Incumbent of 
 Newton-on-Ayr, 18 Sept. 1851 to Jan. 
 1854; of Kirkpatrick-Irongray, Gallo- 
 way, Jan. 1854 to April 1859 ; of St. 
 Bernard's, Edinburgh, April 1859 to 
 Sept. 1865. D.D., Edinburgh, April 
 1864. Incumbent of St. Andrews, 
 Sept. 1865. Began literary career by 
 contributing to * Eraser's Magazine,' 
 under initials 'A. K. H. B.' LL.D., 
 St. Andrews, April 1889. Moderator 
 of General Assembly of Church of 
 Scotland, May 1890. Fellow of King's 
 Coll., London, 1895. 
 
 Works : ' Recreations of a Country 
 Parson,' 1st series, 1 859 ; 2nd series, 
 1861 ; 3rd series, 1878 ; 'Leisure Hours 
 in Town ' (anon.), 1862 ; ' The Graver 
 Thoughts of a Country Parson ' (three 
 series), 1862, 1864, 1875 ; * The Com- 
 monplace Philosopher ' (anon.), 1862 ; 
 'People of whom more might have been 
 made,' 1863 ; * Counsel and Comfort,' 
 (anon.), 1863 ; 'The Autumn Holidays 
 of a Countrv Parson ' (under initials : 
 A. K. H. B.), (anon.), 1864 ; 'Criti- 
 cal Essays of a Country Parson,' 1865; 
 'Sunday Afternoons,' etc. (anon.), 
 1866 ; ' Lessons of Middle Age ' 
 (anon,), 1868 ; ' The Place of Ritual,' 
 1869 ; « Changed Aspects of Un- 
 changed Truths' (anon.), 1869; 
 • Present - Day Thoughts ' (anon.), 
 1871; 'Seaside Musings* (anon.), 
 
 1872 ; * A Scotch Communion Sunday* 
 (anon.), 1873 ; 'Landscapes, Churches 
 and Moralists' (anon.), 1874 ; 'From 
 a Quiet Place' (anon.), 1879; 'Our 
 Little Life ' (anon.), 1882; 2nd series, 
 1884 ; ' A Young Man' (anon.), 1884 ; 
 'Towards the Sunset' (anon.), 1883 ; 
 ' What set him Right ' (anon.), 1885 ; 
 'Our Homely Comedy and Tragedy' 
 (anon.), 1887 ; ' East Coast Days and 
 Memories' (anon.), 1887 ; 'The Best 
 Last' (anon.), 1888 ; * Church Life in 
 Scotland,' 1890 ; * The Mother of us 
 All,' 1890 ; ' Twenty-five Years of St. 
 Andrews,' 1882; *St, Andrews and 
 Elsewhere,' 1894 ; * Occasional and 
 Immemorial Days,' 1895 ; 'The Last 
 Years of St. Andrews,' 1896. 
 
 He has edited : ' Labourers in the 
 Vineyard,' 1862 ; Dr. Robertson's 
 ' Pastoral Counsels,' 1867. 
 
 BRADDON (Mary Elizabeth) [Mrs. 
 John Maxwell], b. 1837. Born, in 
 London, 1837. Early contrib. to 
 periodicals. Editor of 'Belgravia,' 
 1866. 'Loves of Arcadia ' produced at 
 Strand Theatre, 1860. Married to 
 John Maxwell, 1874. ' Married Be- 
 neath Him ' produced, 1882, Editor 
 of ' The Mistletoe Bough,' 1878. 
 
 Works: 'Garibaldi,' 1861; 'The 
 Trail of the Serpent,' 1861; 'The 
 Lady Lisle ' 1862 [1861] ; 'Ralph the 
 Bailiff' (anon.), 1862; 'The Captain 
 of the Vulture,' 1862 ; ' Lady Audley's 
 Secret,' 1862 ; ' Aurora Floyd,' 1863 ; 
 'Eleanor's Victory,' 1863; 'John 
 Marchmont's Legacy* (anon.), 1863 ; 
 ♦ Henry Dunbar' (anon.), 1864 ; 'The 
 Doctor's Wife' (anon.) 1864; 'Only 
 a Clod ' (anon.), 1865 ; * Sir Jasper's 
 Tenant' (anon.), 1865; 'The Lady's 
 Mile' (anon, ), 1866 ; 'Rupert Godwin ' 
 (anon.), 1867 ; 'Circe' (under pseud, 
 of Babington White), 1867 ; 'Birds 
 of Prey' (anon.), 1867 ; 'Charlotte's 
 Inheritance ' (anon.), 1868 ; ' Dead- 
 Sea Fruit' (anon.), 1868; 'Run to 
 Earth' (anon.), 1868 ; 'Fenton's Quest ' 
 (anon.), 1871 ; ' The Levels of Arden ' 
 (anon.), 1871 ; * The Summer Tourist,' 
 1871; 'Robert Ainsleigh ' (anon.), 
 1872; 'To the Bitter End' (anon.), 
 1872 ; 'MUly Darrell' (anon.), 1873 ; 
 
BREWSTER 
 
 31 
 
 • Strangers and Pilgrims ' (anon.)i 
 1873; 'Lucius Davoren * (anon.), 
 
 1873 ; * Taken at the Flood * (anon.), 
 
 1874 ; 'Lost for Love ' (anon.), 1874 ; 
 •A Strange World' (anon.), 1875; 
 
 • Hostages to Fortune' (anon.), 1876 ; 
 •Dead Men's Shoes' (anon.), 1876; 
 ' Joshua Haggard's Daughter ' (anon.), 
 1876; 'Put to the Test' (anon.), 
 1876 ; 'Weavers and Weft' (anon.), 
 1877; 'An Open Verdict' (anon.), 
 1878 ; ' Vixen ' (anon.), 1879 ; ' The 
 Cloven Foot ' (anon.), 1879 ; ' The 
 Story of Barbara' (anon.), 1880; 
 ' Just as I am ' (anon.), 1880 ; * The 
 Missing Witness,' 1880 ; 'Asphodel' 
 (anon.), 1881 ; 'Boscastle, Cornwall ' 
 (from ♦ The World '), 1881 ; ' Mount 
 Royal ' (anon.), 1882 ; ' Dross,' 1882 ; 
 'Marjorie Daw,' 1882 ; 'Married Be- 
 neath Him,' 1882 ; 'Married in Haste,' 
 1883; 'The Golden Calf (anon.), 
 1883 ; * Phantom Fortune ' (anon. ), 
 1883 ; ♦ Flower and Weed,' 1884 ; 
 'Ishmael' (anon.), 1884 ; ' Wyllard's 
 Weird ' (anon.), 1885 ; ' Under the 
 Red Flag,' 1886 ; ' One Thing Need- 
 ful ' (anon.), 1886; 'Mohawks' 
 (anon.), 1886 ; * Cut by the County,' 
 1887; 'Like and Unlike' (anon.), 
 1887; 'The Fatal Three' (anon.), 
 1888; 'The Day will Come' (anon.), 
 1889 ; • One Life, One Love ' (anon. ), 
 1890; 'Gerard' (anon.), 1891 ; 'The 
 Venetians' (anon.), 1891; 'All 
 Along the River ' (anon.), 1893 ; 
 
 • Thou Art the Man ' (anon.), 1894 ; 
 ' The Christmas Hirelings,' 1894 ; 
 ' Sons of Fire,' 1895 ; ' London Pride,' 
 1896. 
 
 BEEWSTER {Sir David), 1781- 
 1868. Born, at Jedburgh, 11 Dec. 
 1781. Educated at Jedburgh Gram- 
 mar School. To Edinburgh Univ. 
 to study for Church, 1793. Tutor in 
 family of Capt. Horsbrugh of Pirn, 
 1799-1804. Hon. M.A., Edinburgh, 
 12 April 1800 ; Hon. M.A., Camb., 
 1807. Contrib. to ' Edinburgh Maga- 
 zine' ; edited it from 1802 (from 
 1819-26 this was called the 'Edin- 
 burgh Philosophical Journal,' edited 
 by Brewster and Prof. Jameson, 
 1819-24 ; from 1824-32 Brewster con- 
 
 tinued it alone aa the 'Edinburgh 
 Journal of Science'). Ordained, 
 March 1804. Tutor in family of Gen. 
 Diroon of Mount Annan, 1804-07. 
 Hon. LL.D., Aberdeen, 1807. Fellow 
 of Royal Soc. of Edinburgh, Jan. 
 
 1808. Edited 'Edinburgh Encyclo- 
 peedia,' 1808-30. Visit to London, 
 
 1809. Married Juliet Macpherson 
 (daughter of * Ossian ' Macpherson), 
 31 July 1810. Contrib. 6rst paper to 
 Royal Soc. of London, 1813. Tour 
 abroad for health, 1814. F.R.S., 4 
 May 1815 ; Copley Medal, 1815 ; Rum- 
 ford Medal, 1818. Prize for scientific 
 discoveries from French Institute, 
 1816. Invented Kaleidoscope, 1816. 
 M.I.C.E., 1820. Founded Royal 
 Scottish Soc. of Arts, and became 
 Director, 1821. Mem. of Royal Irish 
 Acad, of Arts and Sciences, 1822. 
 Corresponding Member of French 
 Institute, 1825. Assisted in organiz- 
 ing British Association, 1831. Hano- 
 verian Order of Guelph, and Knight- 
 hood, 1831. One of editors of 'London 
 and Edinburgh Philosophical Mag.,' 
 from 1832. Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 
 21 June 1832. Hon. M.A., Trinity 
 Coll., Cambridge, 1833. Annual 
 grant of £100 from Government. 
 Additional annual grant of £200, 
 1836. Principal of St. Andrew's Uni- 
 versity, Jan. 1838 to Oct. 1859. Took 
 part in secession of ' Free Church ' 
 from Church of Scotland, 1843. In 
 consequence, unsuccessful attempt to 
 eject him from position in St. An- 
 drew's Univ., 1844. Chevalier of 
 Order of Merit, 1847 ; Foreign Assoc, 
 of French Institute, 1849. Pres. of 
 Peace Congress, London, July 1851. 
 Contrib. to * Edinburgh Review,' 
 'North British Review,' and 'Quar- 
 terly Review.' Wife died, 27 Jan. 
 1850. Abroad with daughter, April 
 1850. Pres. of British Association 
 at Edinburgh, 1851. Married Jane 
 Kirk Purnell, 26 March 1857. Vice- 
 Chancellor of Edinburgh Univ., 28 
 Oct. 1859, till death. Hon. M.D., 
 Berlin, 1860. Pres. of Royal Soc. of 
 Edinburgh, 1864. Died, at AUerly, 
 10 Feb. 1868. Buried *t Melrose 
 Abbey. 
 
82 
 
 BRIDGES- BRONTE 
 
 Works : ' History of Free Masonry ' 
 (anon.), 1804; 'Examination of the 
 Letter addressed to Principal Hill ' 
 (anon.), 1806; 'Treatise on New 
 Philosophical Instruments,' 1813 ; ' On 
 the Optical Properties of StJphuret of 
 Carbon' [1814]; *0n a new species 
 of (Coloured Fringes,' 1815; 'On the 
 action of Transparent Bodies,' 1815 ; 
 'Description of a New Darkening 
 Glass,' 1815 ; 'On a new . . . property 
 of Calcareous Spar,* 1816 ; ' On the 
 Optical Properties of Muriate of Soda,' 
 1816 ; ' On the Effect of Compression, 
 etc.,' 1818 ; ' On the Laws which 
 regulate the distribution of the Polar- 
 ising Force, etc.,' 1818 ; ' Treatise on 
 the Kaleidoscope,' 1819 ; ' Edinburgh 
 Encyclopaedia,' 1830 ; ' Life of Sir 
 Isaac Newton,' 1831 ; ' Treatise on 
 Optics ' (in Lardner's * Cabinet Cyclo- 
 paedia), 1831 ; * Letters on Natural 
 Magic,' 1832 ; ' Treatise on Mag- 
 netism ' (reprinted from ' Encyclo- 
 paedia Britannica '), 1837 ; ' The 
 Martyrs of Science,' 1841 ; 'More 
 Worlds than One,' 1854 ; ' Memoirs 
 of the Life, Writings, and Discoveries 
 of Sir Isaac Newton,' 1855 ; Contribu- 
 tion to ' The British Empire,' 1856 ; 
 ' The Stereoscope,' 1856 ; ' Memorial 
 on the new system of Dioptric Lights,' 
 1859; 'Reply to Messrs. D. and T. 
 Stevenson's pamphlet on Lighthouses,' 
 1860. 
 
 He edited : Ferguson's ' Lectures 
 on Select Subjects,' 1806 ; Robinson's 
 'System of Mechanical Philosophy,' 
 1822 ; Legendre's ' Elements of 
 Geometry,' 1824 ; Euler's ' Letters,' 
 1846. 
 
 Life : by his daughter, Mrs. Gordon, 
 (3rd edn.)1881. 
 
 BBIDGES (Bobert Seymour), b. 
 1844. Born, at Walmer, Kent, 23 
 Oct. 1844. At Eton Coll., 1854 to 
 July 1863. Matric. Corpus Coll., 
 Oxford, 19 Oct. 1863; B.A., 1867. 
 Travelled abroad, and subsequently 
 studied Medicine at St. Bartholomew's 
 Hospital. First vol. of poems pub., 
 1873. M.B. and M.A., Oxford, 1874. 
 For a time on staff of St. Bartholo- 
 mew's Hospital, and of Children's Hos- 
 
 pital, Great Ormonde Street. Retired 
 from practice, 1882; settled at Yatten- 
 don, Berks. Married Mary Monica 
 Waterhouse, 3 Sept. 1884. 
 
 Works: 'Poems,' 1873; 'The 
 Growth of Love ' (anon.), 1876 (re- 
 vised ed., anon., 1890); 'Carmen 
 Elegiacum,' 1877; 'Poems' (anon.), 
 1879 ; • Prometheus the Firegiver,' 
 1884 (privately printed, 1883); 
 ' Poems ' (selections from previous, 
 with additions ; priv. ptd.). 1884 ; 
 'Eros and Psyche,' 1885; 'Eight 
 Plays' (containing 'Nero,' pts. i., ii. ; 
 'Palicio,' 'Return of Ulysses,' 'Chris- 
 tian Captives,' 'Achillea in Scyros,' 
 'Humours of the Court,' 'Feast of 
 Bacchus '), 1885-94 ; ' Essay on the 
 Elements of Milton's Blank Verse,' 
 in H. C. Beeching's edn. of * Paradise 
 Lost,' 1887 ; ' Feast of Bacchus ' (priv. 
 ptd.), 1889 ; 'On the Prosody of Para- 
 dise Regained and Samson ^gonistes' 
 (anon.), 1889; 'Shorter Poems,' 1890; 
 ♦Eden,' 1891 ; 'Milton's Prosody,' 
 1893; 'John Keats' (priv. ptd.), 1895. 
 
 He has edited : Keats' Poems, 1896. 
 
 BKONTJE (Anne), 1820 - 1849. 
 Bom, at Thornton, 1819 ; baptized 
 25 March, 1820. Eariy life spent at 
 Haworth, near Bradford. Educated 
 at Miss Wooler's school at Roehead, 
 1835-37. Governess, April 1839 to 
 
 1845. Published poems with her sisters, 
 
 1846. To Scarborough for health, 24 
 May 1849. Died there, 28 May 1849. 
 
 Works : Contribution to * Poems : 
 by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell,' 1846 j 
 ' Agnes Grey,' 1847 ; 'The Tenant of 
 Wildfell Hall,' 1848 ; both the latter 
 under pseud, of ' Acton Bell.' 
 
 BRONTE (Charlotte), 1816-1855. 
 Born, at Thornton, 21 April 1816. 
 Early life spent at Haworth. At 
 School at Cowan's Bridge, Sept. 1824 
 to autumn of 1825. At Miss Wooler's 
 school at Roehead, Jan. 1831 to 1832. 
 Returned there as teacher, 29 July 
 1835 to spring of 1838. Situation as 
 governess in 1839. At home, 1840. 
 Governess, March to Dec. 1841. To 
 school at Brussels vrith her sister 
 Emily, Feb. 1842. Returned to 
 
BRONTE— BROWNE 
 
 88 
 
 Ha worth, Nov. 1842. Returned to 
 Brussels school as teacher, Jan. 1843. 
 Returned to Ha worth 2 Jan. 1844. 
 Published poems with her sisters, 1846. 
 * Jane Eyre' published, 1847. Visits 
 to London : with Emily, June 1848 ; 
 Nov. 1849 (when she made acquaint- 
 ance of Thackeray) ; 1850 ; 1851 ; 1853. 
 Married to Arthur Nicholls, 29 June 
 1854. Visited Ireland with her hus- 
 band, and returned with him to 
 Haworth. Died there, 31 March 1855. 
 
 Works : Contrib. to * Poems : by 
 Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell,' 1846 ; 
 ♦Jane Eyre,' 1847; 'Shirley,' 1849; 
 ' Villette,' 1853 ; all under pseudonym 
 of Currer Bell. 
 
 Posthumous : * The Professor : by 
 Currer Bell,' 1857 ; 'Emma ' (a frag- 
 ment), pub. in 'Cornhill Magazine,' 
 April 1860, 
 
 She edited (under pseud, of ' Currer 
 Bell') a new edition of *Wuthering 
 Heights, and Agnes Grey,' with selec- 
 tions and prefaces, 1850. 
 
 Collected Works : with those of her 
 sisters Anne and Emily (7 vols.), 
 1872-73. 
 
 Life: by Mrs. Gaskell, 4th edn., 
 1858 ; by Clement K. Shorter, 1896. 
 
 BEONTE (Emily Jane), 1818-1848. 
 Born, at Thornton, 1818 ; baptized 20 
 Aug. Early life spent at Haworth. 
 At School at Cowan's Bridge, Sept. 
 1824 to autumn of 1825. At Miss 
 Wooler's school at Roehead, July to 
 October, 1835. Returned to Haworth. 
 Teacher for six months at a school in 
 Halifax, 1836. To school at Brussels 
 with her sister Charlotte, Feb. 1842. 
 Returned to Haworth at end of same 
 year. Published poems with her 
 sisters, 1846. Visit to London with 
 her sister Charlotte, June 1848. Died, 
 at Haworth, 19 Dec. 1848. 
 
 Works : Contrib. to ' Poems : by 
 Acton, Currer and Ellis Bell,' 1846 ; 
 * Wuthering Heights ' (under pseud, of 
 Ellis Bell), 1847. 
 
 BROUGHTON (Rhoda), b. 1840. 
 Born at Segrwyd Hall, Derbyshire, 
 29 Nov. 1840. Early life spent there. 
 First novel pubd. as serial in * Dublin 
 
 University Mag.,' 1865. Twelve years 
 recently spent in Oxford. Resides at 
 Richmond. 
 
 Works: *Not Wisely, but Too 
 Well ' (anon.), 1867 ; ' Cometh up as a 
 Flower' (anon.), 1867 ;* Red as a Rose 
 is She' (anon.), 1870; 'Good-Bye, 
 Sweetheart,' 1872 ; ' Tales for Christ- 
 mas Eve,' 1872 (another edn., entitled 
 'Twilight Stories,' 1876); 'Nancy,' 
 1873 ; 'Joan,' 1876 ; 'Second Thoughts,' 
 1880; 'Belinda,' 1883; 'Betty's 
 Visions,' 1886 ; ' Doctor Cupid,' 1886 ; 
 
 • Alas r 1890 ; * A Widower Indeed ' 
 (with E. Bisland), 1891 ; 'Mrs. Bligh,' 
 1892; 'A Beginner,' 1894; 'Scylla 
 or Charybdis,' 1895. 
 
 BROWN (John), 1810-1882. Bom, 
 at Biggar, Lanarkshire, 22 Sept. 
 1810. At private school in Edin- 
 burgh, 1822 - 24 ; at High School, 
 1824-26. To Edinburgh Univ., Nov. 
 1826. Began to study medicine. 
 May 1827. Apprenticed to James 
 Syme, surgeon, 1828-33. M.D., Edin- 
 burgh, 1833. Started practice in 
 Edinburgh, where he lived till his 
 death. Married Catharine Scott 
 M'Kay, 4 June 1840 ; she died 6 Jan. 
 1864. F.R.C.P.,1847. Fellow of Roy. 
 Soc. of Edinburgh, 1859. Assessor to 
 Rector of Edinburgh Univ., 1861-62. 
 Hon. LL.D., Edinburgh, 22 April 
 1874. Crown Pension, 1874. Died, in 
 Edinburgh, 11 May 1882. Buried in 
 New Calton cemetery. 
 
 Works : * Horse Subsecivae,' ser. i., 
 1858 ; ser. ii., 1861 ; ser. iii., 1882 ; 
 
 • Rab and his Friends ' (extracted 
 from preceding), 1859 ; 'On the deaths 
 of Rev. J. M 'Gilchrist, J. Brown, 
 J. Henderson,' 1860 ; 'With Brains, 
 Sir !' (anon.), 1860 ; 'Health,' 1862; 
 ' Mar jorie Fleming' (from 'North Brit. 
 Rev.'), 1863 ; ' Jeems, the Doorkeeper,' 
 1864 ; ' Minchmoor,' 1864 ; ' Thacke- 
 ray,' 1877 ; * John Leech,' 1877 ; 
 ' Something about a Well,' 1882. 
 
 Life : by E. T. Maclaren, 1890 ; 
 by A. Peddie (with selected letters), 
 1893. 
 
 BROWNE (^ir Thomas), 1605-1682. 
 Born, in London, 19 Oct. 1605. Edu- 
 3 
 
34 
 
 BROWNE— BROWNING 
 
 cated at Winchester Coll., as Scholar, 
 1616-23. To Broadgate Hall (now 
 Pembroke Coll.), Oxford, 1623 ; B.A., 
 31 June 1626 ; M.A., 11 June 1629. 
 Practised medicine for a short time. 
 Tour in Ireland, France, Italy, Hol- 
 land. Returned to practice near Hali- 
 fax. 'Religio Medici' probably written 
 1635. To Norwich, 1637. M.D., 
 Oxford, 10 July 1637. Married 
 Dorothy Mileham, 1641. 'Religio 
 Medici' privately published, 1642. 
 Sided with Royalists in Civil Wars. 
 Hon. Pellow of Coll. of Physicians, 
 6 July 1665. Knighted, on State 
 visit of Charles II. to Norwich, 28 
 Sept. 1671. Died, 19 Oct. 1682; 
 buried at Norwich. 
 
 Works : * Religio Medici,' privately 
 printed, 1642 ; authorized version, 
 1643 ; * Pseudodoxia Epidemica,' 1646 ; 
 ♦Hydriotaphia,'1658. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Certain Miscellany 
 Tracts,' 1684 ; ' Works,' 1686 ; 'Post- 
 humous Works,' 1712 ; ' Christian 
 Morals,' 1716. 
 
 Collected Works : including Life 
 and Correspondence, ed. by S. Wilkin 
 (4 vols.), 1835-36. 
 
 BROWNE (William), 1591-1643 [?]. 
 Born, at Tavistock, 1591. Educated 
 at Tavistock Grammar School. To 
 Exeter Coll., Oxford ; took no degree. 
 Entered at ClifiEord's Inn ; and at 
 Middle Temple, Nov. 1611. Married 
 daughter of Sir Thomas Eversfield. 
 Tutor to Hon. Robert Dormer, at 
 Exeter Coll., 1624. Created M.A., 
 Oxford, 16 Nov. 1624. Lived in 
 country ; for some time at Dorking. 
 Died, March 1643 [?]. 
 
 Works: 'Two Elegies,' 1613; 
 'Britannia's Pastorals,' bk. i., 1613; 
 bk. ii., 1616 (bks. i. and ii. together, 
 1625) ; 'The Shepherd's Pipe,' 1614. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Britannia's Pastor- 
 als,' bk. iii., 1852; 'Original Poems, 
 never before published,' ed. by Sir 
 S. E. Brydges, 1815. 
 
 Collected Works : in 3 vols., ed. by 
 T. Davies, 1772 ; in 2 vols., ed. by 
 W. C. HazHtt, 1868 ; in 2 vols., ed. 
 b^ G. Goodwin, 1894. 
 
 BROWNING (Elizabeth Barrett), 
 1806-1861. Born [Elizabeth Barrett 
 Moulton - Barrett], at Coxhoe, co. 
 Durham, 6 March 1806. [Date dis- 
 puted, but this probably correct.] 
 Early life at Hope End, Herefordshire. 
 Delicate health owing to accident to 
 spine while at Hope End. Poem, 
 ' Battle of Marathon,' printed for her 
 by her father, 1820. First publication, 
 1826. At Sidmouth, 1831-33. First 
 contrib. to 'Atheneeum,' 1 July 1837. 
 Contrib. to ' Finden's Tableaux,' same 
 year. To Torquay for health, 1838 ; 
 brother drowned there, 11 July 1840. 
 Returned to London, summer of 1841. 
 Married to Robert Browning, 12 Sept. 
 1846. To Paris and Italy. Settled 
 in Florence, winter of 1847. Son 
 born, 9 March 1849. Visit to Rome, 
 1850 ; to England, 1851 ; winter and 
 spring in Paris ; to London summer 
 of 1852 ; return to Florence in 
 autumn. Winter of 1853-54 in Rome. 
 Visit to Normandy, July 1858. To 
 Rome, winter of 1859-60, and 1860-61. 
 Died, at Florence, 29 June 1861. 
 
 Works : ' An Essay on Mind ' 
 (anon.), 1826; 'Prometheus Bound,' 
 1833 ; 'The Seraphim,' 1838 ; 'Poems' 
 (2 vols.), 1844 (reprinted at New 
 York as 'A Drama of Exile, etc.,' 
 1845) ; 'The Runaway Slave at Pil- 
 grim's Point,' 1849 ; ' Casa Guidi 
 Windows,' 1851 ; ' Two Poems : by 
 E. Barrett and R. Browning,' 1854 ; 
 ' Aurora Leigh,' 1857 [1856] ; ' Poems 
 before Congress,' 1860. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Last Poems,' 1862 ; 
 ' The Greek Christian Poets and the 
 English Poets,' 1863; 'Selected 
 Poems,' ed. by Robert Browning 
 (2nd series), 1866, 1880 ; Letters to 
 R. H. Home (2 vols.), 1877 [1876]; 
 'Earlier Poems, 1826-33,' 1878 [1877] ; 
 'The Battle of Marathon' (in type- 
 facsimile, privately printed), 1891. 
 
 She edited : Chaucer's Works (with 
 R. H. Home and others), 1841. 
 
 Collected Works: (2 vols.), New 
 York, 1871 ; London, 1890. 
 
 Life : by J. H. Ingram (' Eminent 
 Women' series), 1888. 
 
 BROWNING (Robert), 1812-1889. 
 
BRUCE 
 
 35 
 
 Born, at Camberwell, 7 May 1812. 
 Educated at school at Peckham, till 
 1826. Father printed for him volume 
 of poems, * Incondita,' 1824. Educated 
 by private tutor, 1826-29 ; attended 
 lectures at University Coll., London, 
 1829-30. Literary career decided on. 
 Published first poem, 1833. Resided 
 at Camberwell. Started on tour to 
 Russia and Italy, autumn of 1833 ; re- 
 turned to Camberwell, summer of 1834. 
 Contrib. poems to 'Monthly Reposi- 
 tory' (under signature ^Z.'), 1834. 
 First met Macready, Nov. 1835. 
 • Strafford ' produced at Oovent Gar- 
 den, 1 May 1837. Married Elizabeth 
 Barrett Moulton - Barrett, 12 Sept. 
 1846. To Paris and Italy. Settled 
 in Florence, winter of 1847. Son 
 born, 9 March 1849. Visit to Rome, 
 1850 ; to England, 1851 ; winter and 
 spring in Paris ; to London, summer of 
 1852 ; return to Florence in autumn. 
 In Rome, winter 1853-54. To Nor- 
 mandy, July 1858. In Rome, winter 
 of 1859-60 and 1860-61. Wife died, 
 29 June 1861. Left Florence, July 
 1861. Returned to London, Sept. 
 1861. Settled in Warwick Crescent. 
 Hon. M.A., Oxford, June 1867 ; Hon. 
 FeUow Balliol Coll., Oct. 1867. De- 
 clined Lord Rectorship of St. Andrews 
 Univ., 1868, 1877, and 1884; de- 
 clined Lord Rectorship of Glasgow 
 Univ., 1875. First revisited Italy, 
 Aug. 1878. Autumns subsequently 
 frequently spent in Venice. Hon. 
 LL.D., Cambridge, 1879. Browning 
 Society established, Oct. 1881. Hon. 
 D.C.L., Oxford, 1882. Hon. LL.D., 
 Edinburgh, 17 April 1884. Hon. 
 Pres. Associated Societies of Edin- 
 burgh, 1885. Foreign Correspondent 
 to Royal Academy, 1886. Son married, 
 4 Oct. 1887. Removed to De Vere 
 Gardens. To Italy, Aug. 1888. In 
 England, winter 1888-89. Return to 
 Italy, Aug. 1889. To Asolo. Joined son 
 at Venice, Nov. 1889 ; died there, 12 
 Dec. 1889. Buried in Poet's Comer, 
 Westminster Abbey, 31 Dec. 
 
 Works: 'Incondita' (priv. ptd.), 
 1824; 'Pauline,' 1833; 'Paracelsus,' 
 1835; 'Strafford,' 1837; 'Sordello,' 
 1840; ' Bells and Pomegranates' (8 pts. : 
 
 i. 'Pippa Passes,' 1841; ii. 'King Victor 
 and King Charles,' 1842; iii. 'Dramatic 
 Lyrics,' 1842 ; iv. 'The Return of the 
 Druses,' 1843 ; v. 'A Blot in the 
 'Scutcheon,' 1843 ; vi. * Colombe's 
 Birthday,' 1844 ; vii. ' Dramatic Ro- 
 mances and Lyrics,' 1846 ; viii. 'Luria: 
 and a Soul's Tragedy,' 1846), 1841-46 ; 
 
 * Christmas Eve and Easter Day,' 
 1850; 'Two Poems by E. Barrett 
 and R. Browning,' 1854 ; ' Men and 
 Women' (2 vols.), 1855; 'Dramatis 
 Personse,' 1864 (2nd edn. same year) ; 
 'The Ring and the Book' (4 vols.), 
 1868-69; ' Balaustion's Adventure,' 
 1871 ; ' Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau,' 
 1871; 'Fifine at the Fair,' 1872; 
 'Red Cotton Night - Cap Country,' 
 1873 ; ♦ Aristophanes' Apology,' 1875 ; 
 'The Inn Album,' 1875; 'Pacchia- 
 rotto,'1876; 'LaSaisiaz: and the Two 
 Poets of Croisic,' 1878; 'Dramatic 
 IdvUs' (2 series), 1879-80 ; * Jocoseria,' 
 1883; 'Ferishtah's Fancies,' 1884; 
 
 * Parley ings with Certain People,' 
 1887 ; ' Asolando,' 1890 [1889]. 
 
 He translated : -^schylus' * Aga- 
 memnon,' 1877 ; and edited: the forged 
 'Letters of Shelley,' 1852 ; Selections 
 from his wife's Poems, 1866 and 1880 ; 
 'The Divine Order,' by Rev. T. Jones, 
 1884 ; his wife's Poetical Works, 1889 
 and 1890. 
 
 Collected Poems: in 2 vols., 1849 ; 
 in 3 vols., 1863 ; in 6 vols., 1868 ; in 
 16 vols., 1888-89. 
 
 Life : by William Sharp (' Great 
 Writers' series), 1890 ; ' Life and 
 Letters,' by Mrs. Orr, 1891. 
 
 BRUCE (James), 1730-1794. Born, 
 atKinnaird, Stirlingshire, 14Dec. 1730. 
 At Harrow School, 21 Jan. 1742, to 
 8 May 1746 ; then with tutor till April 
 1747. Returned to Scotland, May 
 1747 ; to Edinburgh Univ., Nov. 1747, 
 to study Law. Left Univ., owing to 
 ill-health, spring of 1748. To London, 
 July 1753. Married Adriana Allan, 
 3 Feb. 1754. Took share in her 
 father's wine business. Wife died, in 
 Paris, 9 Oct. 1754. In Spain and 
 Portugal, Aug. to Dec. 1757 ; in 
 France and Holland, 1758. Suc- 
 ceeded to family estates on father's 
 3—2 
 
86 
 
 BRYCE-BUCHANAN 
 
 death, and returned to England, July 
 1758. Withdrew from wine business, 
 Aug. 1761. Appointed Consul-General 
 at Algiers, Feb. 1762. In Italy July 
 1762 to March 1763 ; arrived at Algiers, 
 20 March 1763. Resigned Consulship, 
 Aug. 1765. Travelled in Barbary, 
 Africa, Crete, Syria. To Egypt, July 
 1768. To Abyssinia, Sept. 1769; 
 reached Goudar, 14 Feb. 1770. Lived 
 at court of King of Abyssinia, with 
 various expeditions of exploration, till 
 Dec. 1771. Through Nubia to As- 
 souan ; reached there 29 Nov. 1772. 
 Arrived at Marseilles, March 1773. 
 Returned to England, July 1774. To 
 Scotland, autumn of 1774. Married 
 Mary Dundas, 20 May 1776; she 
 died, spring of 1785. Engaged in 
 compiling his 'Travels.' Died, at 
 Kinnaird, from an accident, 27 April 
 1794 ; buried in Larbert churchyard. 
 
 Works: 'Travels to Discover the 
 Source of the Nile' (5 vols.), 1790. 
 
 Life : by Alex. Murray, 1808 ; by 
 Sir F. B. Head, 1830. 
 
 BRYCS (James), b. 1838. Born, at 
 Belfast, 10 May 1838. Educated at 
 Glasgow High School and Univ. 
 Matric. Trin. Coll., Oxford, as Scholar, 
 8 June 1857 ; B.A., 1862 ; Gaisford 
 prizes, 1860andl861 ; Vinerian Scholar, 
 1861; Chancellor's Latin Essay Prize, 
 1862 ; Craven Scholar, 1862 ; Arnold 
 Prize, 1863. Studied at Heidelberg, 
 1863. Fellow of Oriel Coll., Oxford, 
 1862-89. B.C.L.,bydecree,9Feb.l865; 
 D.C.L., by decree, 27 May 1870. 
 Student of Lincoln's Inn, 28 Jan. 
 1862 ; called to Bar, 11 June 1867. 
 On Schools' Inquiry Commission, 
 1865 - 66. Prof, of Jurisprudence, 
 Owen's Coll., Manchester, 1870-75. 
 Regius Prof, of Civil Law, Oxford, 
 1870-93. Prof, of Roman Law to 
 Council of Legal Education, 1878-88. 
 M.P. for Tower Hamlets, 1880. On 
 Royal Commission Medical Acts, 1881. 
 Hon. LL.D., Glasgow, Edinburgh, 
 and Michigan. Corresponding Mem. 
 of Institute of France. MP. for South 
 Aberdeen, 1885, 1886, 1892, 1895. 
 Under - Sec. of State for Foreign 
 Affairs, 1886. Married Elizabeth 
 
 Marion Ashton, 23 July 1889. Chan- 
 cellor of Duchy of Lancaster and 
 Member of Cabinet, 1892. F.R.S., 
 1894. Pres. Board of Trade, 1894. 
 Pres. Royal Comm. Second. Educa- 
 tion, 1894-95. 
 
 Works: 'The Plague of London' 
 (in Greek), 1860 ; * The May Queen ' 
 (Greek), 1861 ; * The Holy Roman 
 Empire,' 1864 ; * The Academical 
 Study of the Civil Law,' 1871 ; 'The 
 Trade Marks Registration Acts, 1875 
 and 1876,' 1877 ; 'Transcaucasia and 
 Ararat,' 1877 ; ' The Predictions of 
 Hamilton and De Tocqueville,' 1887 ; 
 * The American Commonwealth ' (3 
 vols.), 1888. 
 
 He has edited: J. Conrad's 'German 
 Universities,' 1885 ; ' Handbook of 
 Home Rule,' 1887 ; 'Two Centuries of 
 Irish History,' 1888 ; G. Sigerson's 
 ' Political Prisoners,' 1890 ; Acland 
 and Smith's * Studies in Secondary 
 Education,' 1892. 
 
 BUCHANAN (George), 1606-1582. 
 Bom at Killearn, Stirlingshire, Feb. 
 1506. Educated at Parish School. 
 In Paris, studying Latin, 1520-22. 
 Served with French troops in Scotland 
 under Albany, 1523. To St. Andrews 
 1524 ; B.A., 3 Oct. 1825. To Paris, 
 1526. B.A., Scottish College, Paris, 
 10 Oct. 1527 ; M.A., Mar. 1528. 
 Elected 'Procurator of German nation,' 
 3 June 1529 ; taught in Coll. of St. 
 Barbe, 1529-32. Tutor to Gilbert, 
 Earl of Cassilis, 1532-36. Returned 
 to Scotland. Tutor to a natural son 
 of King James, 1537-38. Arrested on 
 charge of Lutheranism, Jan. 1539 ; 
 escaped from prison and fled to London, 
 and thence to Paris and Bordeaux. 
 Taught Latin in College of Guienne, 
 1539-42. Returned to Paris ; taught 
 in College of Cardinal Le Moine, 
 1544-47. To Portugal ; to Coll. at 
 Coimbra, 1547. Returned to England, 
 1552 ; to Paris 1553, taught in Coll. 
 of Boncourt. Tutor to son of Count 
 de Brissac, 1555-60. Returned to 
 Scotland ; classical tutor to Queen. 
 Joined Reformed Church ; sat in as- 
 semblies of 1563-67 ; Moderator, 1567 ; 
 Principal of St. Andrews, 1566. To 
 
BUCHANAN 
 
 87 
 
 England as secretary to Commission 
 respecting Queen Mary, 1568. Re- 
 turned to St. Andrews, Jan. 1569. 
 Tutor to King James, Aug. 1569 to 
 May 1578. Director of Chancery 1570 ; 
 Keeper of Privy Seal, 1570-78. Died, 
 at Edinburgh, 29 Sept. 1582. Buried 
 there, in churchyard of Grey Friars. 
 
 Works : * Jephthes,' 1554 ; ' De 
 Caleto nuper ab Henrico II. . . . 
 recepta Carmen,' 1558; 'Francis- 
 canus,' 1566; *Psalmorum Davidia 
 paraphrasis poetica,' 1566 ; 'Elegiae, 
 Silvse, Hendecasyllabi,' 1567; 'De 
 Maria Scotorum Regina totaque ejus 
 contra Regem conjuratione ' (anon.), 
 1571 ; ' An Admonition direct to the 
 Trew Lordis Mantenaris of the Kingis 
 graces authoritie ' (under initials : 
 M. G. B.), 1571 ; 'Baptistes,' 1578 ; 
 * De Jure Regni apud Scotos Dialogus,' 
 1579; 'Rerum Scoticarum Historia,' 
 1582. 
 
 Posthumous : 'De Sphsera, Libri V.,' 
 1587 ; ' Satyra in Cardinalem Lothar- 
 ingum,' 1590 ; ' De Prosodia libellus,' 
 1596 ; 'Tragcediee Sacrse & exterse,' 
 1597; *Vita ab ipso scripta,' 1608; 
 'Poemata Omnia,' 1615; 'The Cha- 
 meleon,' 1710 ; 'Letters,' 1711. 
 
 He translated : Linacre's ' Rudi- 
 menta Grammatices,' 1533 ; Euripides' 
 ' Alcestis,' 1557 ; 'Medea and Alcestis,' 
 1567. 
 
 Collected Works: edited by T. 
 Ruddiman (2 vols.) 1715. 
 
 Life : by David Irving, 2nd edn., 
 1817. 
 
 BUCHANAN (Robert Williams), b. 
 1841. Born, at Caverswall, Stafford- 
 shire, 18 Aug. 1841. At school at 
 Merton ; at Rothesay ; at Glasgow 
 High School. To Glasgow Univ., 
 1856. To London, 1861. Contrib. to 
 •Athenaeum,' 'Literary Gaz.,' 'Temple 
 Bar,' etc. Melodrama, ' The Rath- 
 boys,' written with C. Gibbon, pro- 
 duced at Standard Theatre, Shore- 
 ditch, 1861. Edited 'The Welcome 
 Guest.' 'TheWitchfinder' produced at 
 Sadler's Wells Theatre, 1863. To Den- 
 mark as newspaper correspondent, 
 1866. Crown pension, 1871. 'A Mad- 
 cap Prince ' produced at Haymarket, 
 
 1874; 'A Nine Days' Queen,' 'The 
 Queen of Connaught,' * Paul Clifford,' 
 1875-82 ; 'Storm Beaten,' at Adelphi, 
 14 March 1883 ; ' Lady Clare,' Globe 
 Theatre, 11 April 1883 ; 'A Sailor and 
 His Lass ' (with Aug. Harris), Drury 
 Lane, 15 Oct. 1883. ' Visit to United 
 States,' 1884-85. 'Alone in London,' 
 written with Miss Harriett Jay, pro- 
 duced at Olympic, 2 Nov. 1885 ; 
 'Sophia,' Vaudeville, 12 April 1886 ; 
 ' The Blue Bells of Scotland,' Novelty, 
 12 Sept. 1887; 'Fascination' (with 
 Miss H. Jay), Novelty, 6 Oct. 1887 ; 
 'Partners,' Haymarket, 5 Jan. 1888 ; 
 ' Joseph's Sweetheart,' Vaudeville, 8 
 March 1888 ; * Man and the Woman,' 
 Criterion, 19 Dec. 1889; 'Dick 
 Sheridan,' Comedy, 3 Feb. 1894 ; 'The 
 Strange Adventures of Miss Brown,' 
 (written with * R. Marlowe,' i.e. , Miss 
 Harriett Jay), Vaudeville, 27 June 
 1895 ; ' The Romance of a Shopwalker ' 
 (written with 'R. Marlowe'), Vaude- 
 vUle, 26 Feb. 1896. 
 
 Works: 'Storm-Beaten' (with C. 
 Gibbon), 1862; 'Undertones,' 1863; 
 • Idylls and Legends of Inverburn,' 
 1865 ; « London Poems,' 1866 ; 'Way- 
 side Poesies ' (a compilation), 1867 
 [1866] ; ' Ballad Stories of the Affec- 
 tions,' 1866 ; 'North Coast and other 
 Poems,' 1867; 'David Gray,' 1868; 
 'The Book of Orm,' 1870 ; 'Napoleon 
 Fallen,' 1871 ; 'The Land of Lome,' 
 1871 ; 'The Drama of Kings,' 1871 ; 
 « The Fleshly School of Poetry' ( from 
 ' Contemporary Mag.'), 1872 ; ' St. Abe 
 and his Seven Wives' (anon.), 1872 ; 
 'Master Spirits,' 1873; 'White Rose 
 and Red' (anon.), 1873; 'Poetical 
 Works,' 1874; 'The Shadow of the 
 Sword' (from 'Gentleman's Mag.'), 
 1876; 'Balder the Beautiful,' 1877; 
 'A Child of Nature,' 1881 ; 'God and 
 the Man,' 1881 ; ' Ballads of Life, Love 
 and Humour,' 1882 ; ' The Martyrdom 
 of Madeline,' 1882 ; 'Selected Poems,' 
 
 1882 ; ' The Hebrid Isles,' 1883 [1882] ; 
 ' Love me for Ever,' 1883 ; ' A Poet's 
 Sketch-Book,' 1883 ; 'Annan Water,' 
 
 1883 ; 'Foxglove Manor,' 1884 ; 'The 
 New Abelard,' 1884; 'Poetical Works,' 
 
 1884 ; ' The Earthquake,' 1885 ; 'Matt,' 
 1885; 'Stormy Waters,' 1885; 'The 
 
88 
 
 BUCKLE— BUNYAN 
 
 Master of the Mine,' 1885; 'That 
 Winter Night,' 1886 ; « A Look around 
 Literature,' 1887 ; * The Heir of Linne,' 
 1887; 'The City of Dream,' 1888; 
 'On Descending into Hell,' 1889; 
 
 • The Moment After,' 1890 ; ' Come, 
 live with me, and be my love,' 1891 ; 
 'The Coming Terror,' 1891; 'The 
 Outcast,' 1891 ; 'The Piper of Hame- 
 lin,' 1893; 'The Wandering Jew,' 
 1893 ; 'Woman and the Man,' 1893 ; 
 
 • Red and White Heather,' 1894 ; 
 ♦Diana's Hunting,' 1895 ; 'Lady Kil- 
 patrick,' 1895 ; 'The Charlatan' (with 
 H. Murray), 1895. 
 
 He hsLsedited: Longfellow's 'Poems,' 
 1868 ; J. J. Audubon's 'Life and Ad- 
 ventures,' 1869 ; H. Jay's 'My Con- 
 naught Cousins,' 1883 ; Roden Noel's 
 Poems [1892]. 
 
 BUCKLE (Henry Thomas), 1821- 
 1862. Born, in London, 24 Nov. 1821. 
 Educated mainly at home ; for a short 
 time at a school in Kentish Town. 
 Entered father's Shipowner's business, 
 1838. Ill-health after father's death, 
 1840. Travelled on Continent with 
 mother and sister, July 1840 to 1841. 
 On return to England gave up busi- 
 ness and began historical study. 
 Settled in lodgings in London, Oct. 
 1842. Travelled on Continent, 1843. 
 On return lived with mother in Lon- 
 don. Engaged on ' History of Civiliza- 
 tion,' 1842-61. On Committee of Roy. 
 Lit. Soc, 1852. Elected member of 
 Athenaeum Club, 1858 ; member of 
 Polit. Econ. Club, 1858. Lectured at 
 Royal Institution, 19 March 1858. 
 Mother died, 1 April 1859. Contrib. 
 to 'Eraser's Magazine,' 1858-59. 
 Failing health. Started for tour in 
 Egypt and Palestine with sons of Mr. 
 Henry Huth, 20 Oct. 1861. Died, at 
 Damascus, 29 May 1862 ; buried in 
 Protestant cemetery there. 
 
 Works : ' History of Civilization in 
 England,' vol. i., 1857; vol. ii., 
 1861 ; ' A Letter to a Gentleman re- 
 specting Pooley's Case,' 1859. 
 
 Posthumous : ' History of Civiliza- 
 tion in France and England, Spain 
 and Scotland ' (3 vols.), 1866 ; 'Essays,' 
 1867 ; * Fragment on the Reign of 
 
 Elizabeth ' (in ' Eraser's Magazine,* 
 Feb. and Aug.); 1867. 
 
 Collected Works : * Miscellaneous 
 and Posthumous Works,' ed. by H. 
 Taylor (3 vols.). 1872. 
 
 Life : by A. H. Huth, 1880. 
 
 BUNYAN (John), 1628-1688. Born, 
 
 at Elstow, Bedfordshire, Nov. 1628. 
 Educated at parish school, and brought 
 up to father's trade of tinker. Served 
 as soldier, 1644-46. Married, 1648 [?] 
 or 1649 [?]. Lived at Elstow. Joined 
 Nonconformists, 1653. Removed to 
 Bedford, 1655 [?] ; wife died there. 
 Elected Deacon, 1655 ; Preacher, 1657. 
 Married again, 1659. At Restoration 
 was arrested, 12 Nov. 1660, for preach- 
 ing. Imprisoned in Bedford Gaol,1660- 
 72. Released for a few weeks in 1666. 
 Chosen Minister to Bedford Noncon- 
 formists, Jan. 1672 ; received license 
 to preach, 9 May 1672. Received 
 formal pardon from Crown, 13 Sept. 
 1672. Perhaps imprisoned for six 
 months in 1675, during which time 
 ' Pilgrim's Progress ' was written. 
 Active life — preaching in neighbour- 
 hood of Bedford and in London. Chap- 
 lain to Lord Mayor of London, 1688. 
 Died, in London, 31 Aug. 1688 ; 
 buried in Bunhill Fields, Finsbury. 
 
 WorTcs : * Some Gospel Truths 
 Opened,' 1656 ; ' Vindication ' of same, 
 1657 ; ' A Few Sighs from Hell,' 1658 ; 
 ' The Doctrine of the Law,' 1659 ; 
 ' Profitable Meditations ' [1661]; 'I 
 will pray with the Spirit,' 1663; 
 ' Christian Behaviour,' 1663 ; * The 
 Four Last Things, etc' [1664 ?] ; ' The 
 Holy City,' 1665 ; ' The Resurrection,' 
 1665 ; ' Grace Abounding,' 1666 ; 
 * Defence of the Doctrine of Justifica- 
 tion,' 1672 ; ' Confession of Faith,' 
 1672 ; ' Difference of Judgment about 
 Water Baptism,' 1673 ; ' Peaceable 
 Principles,' 1674 ; * Reprobation As- 
 serted ' [1675 ?] ; * Light for them that 
 sit in Darkness,' 1675; 'Instruction 
 for the Ignorant,' 1675 ; ' Saved by 
 Grace,' 1675 ; ' The Strait Gate,' 
 1676 ; 'Pilgrim's Progress,' pt. i., 1678 
 (2nd edn. same year) ; pt. ii., 1684 ; 
 ' Come, and Welcome, to Jesus Christ,' 
 1678 ; ' Treatise of the Fear of God,' 
 
BURKE 
 
 3d 
 
 1679 ; * Life and Death of Mr. Bad- 
 man,' 1680; *Holy War,' 1682; 
 ' Barren Fig Tree,' 1682 ; * Greatness 
 of the Soul,' 1683; 'Case of Con- 
 science Resolved,' 1683 ; ' Seasonable 
 Counsel,' 1684 ; « Holy Life the Beauty 
 of Christianity,' 1684 ; 'A Caution to 
 stir up to Watch against Sin,' 1684 ; 
 ' Questions about the Nature ... of 
 the . . . Sabbath,' 1685 ; 'The Pharisee 
 and the Publican,' 1685 ; 'Book for 
 Boys and Girls ' (in later edns. called 
 ' Divine Emblems ') 1686 ; ' Jerusalem 
 Sinner Saved' (anon.), 1688 ; 'Advo- 
 cateship of Jesus Christ,' 1688 (another 
 edn. under title: ' Work of Jesus Christ 
 as an Advocate,' 1688) ; ' Discourse 
 of the . . . House of God,' 1688 ; 
 'Water of Life,' 1688 ; ' Solomon's 
 Temple Spiritualized,' 1688. 
 
 Posthumous : * Acceptable Sacrifice,' 
 1689 ; 'Last Sermon,' 1688 ; 'Works' 
 (including ten posthumous works), 
 1692; 'Heavenly Footman,' ed. by 
 0. Doe, 1698 ; ' Pilgrim's Progress,' 
 pt. i. and ii. together, 1728 ; ' Relation 
 of the Imprisonment of Mr. J. Bunyan ' 
 (written in Bedford Gaol), 1765. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by S. Wilson 
 (2 vols.), 1736 ; ed. by H. Stebbing 
 (4 vols.), 1859. 
 
 Life: 'Life and Actions' (anon.), 
 1692; 'Life' (anon.), 1700; by 
 Southey, 1830 ; by Macaulay, 1853 ; 
 by Froude ('English Men of Letters ' 
 series), 1880 ; by Brown, 3rd edn., 
 1888. 
 
 BURKE (Edmund), 1729-1797. Born, 
 in Dublin, 12 Jan. [?] 1729. Educated 
 at a school at Ballitore, 1741-43 ; at 
 Trinity Coll., Dublin, 1743-48 ; scholar- 
 ship, 1746 ; B.A., 1748. To Middle 
 Temple to study Law, 1750. Never 
 called to Bar ; gave up legal studies 
 by 1755. Took to literary work. 
 Married Jane Nugent, 1756 [or 1757?]. 
 Edited 'Annual Register,' 1759-88. 
 Gradually became known by literary 
 work. Private Sec. to William Gerard 
 Hamilton, 1759-64. To Ireland with 
 Hamilton, 1761. Annual pension of 
 £300, 1763. Threw up pension, April 
 1764. Private Sec. to Lord Rocking- 
 ham, July 1765. M.P. for Wendover, 
 
 Dec. 1765. First speech made, 27 
 Jan. 1766. To Ireland, summer of 
 1766 ; received freedom of city of Gal- 
 way. Purchased estate near Beacons- 
 field, 1768. Appointed Agent to the 
 Province of New York, 1771. Visit 
 to Paris, Feb. to March, 1773. M.P. 
 for Malton after dissolution of Parlia- 
 ment in Sept. 1774 ; again after dis- 
 solution in Sept. 1780 ; and again in 
 Nov. 1 790. Intimacy with Fox begun. 
 Appointed Paymaster of the Forces, 
 1782. Lord Rector of Glasgow Uni- 
 versity, 1784 and 1785. Impeachment 
 of Warren Hastings, 10 May 1787 ; 
 trial begun, 13 Feb. 1788. Grace for 
 conferring Hon. LL.D. degree passed, 
 Dublin Univ., 11 Dec. 1790. Burke 
 apparently never attended to take the 
 degree. Again elected M.P. for 
 Malton, Nov. 1790. Rupture with 
 Fox, 1791. Retired from Parliament, 
 July 1794. Two pensions of £1,200 
 and £2,500 granted him, Aug. 1794. 
 Interested in foundation of Maynooth 
 Catholic College, 1795. Established, 
 at Beaconsfield, school for sons of 
 French emigrants, 1796. Died, at 
 Beaconsfield, 6 July 1797. Buried in 
 Beaconsfield parish church. 
 
 Works : Burke's chief literary works 
 are : 'A Vindication of Natural 
 Society' (anon.), 1756; 'A Philo- 
 sophical Enquiry into the Origin of our 
 Ideas of the Sublime and the Beauti- 
 ful' (anon.), 1757 ; 'An Account of 
 the European Settlements in America' 
 (anon., probably edited by Burke, and 
 written by himself and his cousin, 
 William Burke), 1757 ; 'A Short Ac- 
 count of a Short Administration ' 
 (anon.), 1766; 'Observations on a late 
 Publication intituled "The Present 
 State of the Nation"' (anon.), 1769 ; 
 • Thoughts on the Causes of the Pre- 
 sent Discontents' (anon.), 1770; 
 ' Political Tracts and Speeches,' 1777 ; 
 ' Reflections on the Revolution in 
 France,' 1790 (2nd edn. same year) ; 
 'Appeal from the New to the Old 
 Whigs ' (anon.), 1791 (2nd edn. same 
 year) ; ' Thoughts on the Prospect of 
 a Regicide Peace' (anon.), 1796 (11th 
 edn. same year). [Burke published a 
 number of his speeches, also of politi- 
 
40 
 
 BURNET— BURNEY 
 
 cal pamphlets and letters, between 
 1774 and 1791, and many were pub- 
 lished posthumously. A complete 
 collection is the 'Works and Corre- 
 spondence' (8 vols.), London, 1852.] 
 
 Posthumous : ' Correspondence with 
 Dr. Laurence, 1827; 'Letters, 1744- 
 97' (4 vols.), 1844; 'Speeches, with 
 Memoir,' 1854 ; 'Letters, Speeches, 
 and Tracts on Irish Affairs,' 1881. 
 
 Collected Works : in 8 vols., 1792- 
 1827 ; in 8 vols., 1852. 
 
 Life : by MacCormick, 1798 ; by 
 Bisset, 1798 ; by Sir James Prior, 
 5th edn. 1854 ; by MacKnight, 1858 ; 
 by Morley (* English Men of Letters ' 
 series), 1879. 
 
 BURNET (Gilbert), Bishop of Salis- 
 bury. 1643-1715. Born, in Edinburgh, 
 18 Sept. 1643. To Marischal Coll., 
 Aberdeen, 1653 ; M.A., 1657. Studied 
 theology. Probationer for Presby- 
 terian Ministry, 1661. Visited English 
 Universities, 1663. Travelled in 
 Holland and France, 1664 ; spent 
 some time at Court on return. F.R.S., 
 1664. Inducted to living of Saltoun, 
 29 Jan. 1665. Clerk of Presbytery of 
 Haddington, 9 May 1667. Prof, of 
 Divinity, Glasgow Univ., 1669 ; re- 
 signed living of Saltoun. To London, 
 
 1671. Returned to Glasgow and 
 married Lady Margaret Kennedy, 
 
 1672. To London, 1673. Chaplain 
 to King, 1673-74. Chaplain to 
 Rolls Chapel, 1675-84. In France, 
 Sept. to Oct. , 1683. Wife died, 1684. 
 In France, Italy, and Holland, 1685- 
 87. In favour at Court of William 
 of Orange. Married Mary Scott, 25 
 May 1687. Returned to England with 
 William of Orange, Nov. 1687. Bishop 
 of Salisbury, 1688. Second wife 
 died, 1698 ; married Mrs. Elizabeth 
 Berkeley same year. Appointed 
 Governor to Duke of Gloucester, 
 1698. Active part in ecclesiastical 
 politics. Died, in London, 7 March, 
 1715 ; buried in St. James's Church, 
 Clerkenwell. 
 
 Works : [A complete list in 1823 
 edn. of his 'History of his Ov/nTimes.'J 
 Chief works : ' Discourse on Sir 
 Robert Fletcher of Saltoun,' 1665 ; 
 
 ' Conference between a Conformist 
 and a Nonconformist,' 1669 ; ' Vindi- 
 cation of the Authority ... of Church 
 and State of Scotland,' 1673 ; 'The 
 Mystery of Iniquity Unveiled,' 1673 ; 
 ' Rome's Glory,' 1673 ; * Memories of 
 . . . James and William, Dukes of 
 Hamilton, 1852 ; ' History of the Re- 
 formation,' vol. i., 1679 ; vol. ii., 
 
 1681 ; vol. iii., 1714 ; 'Some Passages 
 in the Life and Death of John Wil- 
 mot, Earl of Rochester,' 1680 ; 
 * News from France,' 1682 ; ' Life 
 and Death of Sir Matthew Hale,' 
 
 1682 ; ' Life of Bishop Bedell,' 1685 ; 
 ' Essay on the Memory of Queen 
 Mary,' 1695 ; * Exposition of the 
 Thirty -Nine Articles,' 1699; 'A 
 Collection of Tracts and Discourses,' 
 1704; 'Exposition of the Church 
 Catechism,' 1710 ; 'Speech on the Im- 
 peachment of Sacheverell,' 1710. 
 
 Posthumous : ' History of his Own 
 Times,' with life (2 vols.), 1723-34. 
 
 BTJRNEY (Charles), 1726-1814. 
 Born, at Shrewsbury, 12 April 1726. 
 Educated at Free School, Chester. 
 To Shrewsbury, to study music, 1741 [?]. 
 Articled as pupil to Dr. Arne, 1744 ; 
 with him in London, 1744-47. Taken 
 under patronage of Fulke Greville, 
 1747. Taught and composed music. 
 Married Esther Sleepe, 1749. Or- 
 ganist of St. Dionis, Backchurch, 
 1749. Mem. of Roy. Soc. of Musi- 
 cians, 3 Dec. 1749. Organist of Lynn 
 Regis, 1751-60. Returned to London, 
 1760. Wife died, 1761. Married 
 (privately) Mrs. Stephen Allen, 1767. 
 Mus. Doc. degree, Oxford, June 1769. 
 Travelled on Continent, 1770 and 
 1772. F.R.S., 1773. Organist of 
 Chelsea Hospital, 1783. Mem. of 
 Literary Club, 1784. Contrib. to 
 ' Monthly Review,' 1790-93. Second 
 wife died, Oct. 1796. Contrib. to 
 Rees's ' Encyclopaedia,' 1800 - 05. 
 Crown pension granted, 1806. Foreign 
 Member of Institut de France, 18i0. 
 Died, at Chelsea, 12 April 1814 ; 
 buried in churchyard of Chelsea 
 Hospital. 
 
 Worlcs : ' Essay towards the History 
 of the principal Comets, etc' (anon.) 
 
BURNEY— BURNS 
 
 41 
 
 1769 ; 'The Present State of Music 
 in France and Italy,' 1771; 'The 
 Present State of Music in Germany, 
 the Netherlands, and the United Pro- 
 vinces,' 1773 ; ' History of Music,' 
 vol. i., 1776 ; vol. ii., 1782 ; vols, iii., 
 iv., 1789 ; 'Account of an Infant Musi- 
 cian,' 1779 ; • An Account of the 
 Musical Performances ... in 1784 in 
 Commemoration of Handel,' 1785 ; 
 • Memoir of the Life and Writings of 
 Metastasio' (3 vols.), 1796. 
 
 Life : by his daughter Frances, 
 1832. 
 
 BUENEY (Frances), [Madame 
 D'Arblay,] 1762-1840. [Daughter of 
 preceding.] Born, at King's Lynn, 
 13 June 1752. Family removed to 
 London, 1760. Mother died, 1761. 
 Father married again, 1766. No 
 regular education. Began early to 
 write stories, plays, poems, etc. 
 First novel pub. anonymously, Jan. 
 1778. Intimacy with Mrs. Thrale, 
 Dr. Johnson, Sheridan, Burke, etc. 
 Appointed Second Keeper of Robes to 
 Queen, 17 July 1786. Bad health ; 
 retii-ed, 7 July 1791, with pension of 
 £100 a year. Travelled in England. 
 Made acquaintance of Gen. D'Arblay 
 at Mickleham, where her sister lived. 
 Married to him, 31 July 1793. Settled 
 at Bookham, near Norbury. Tragedy, 
 'Edwy and Elvina,' performed at 
 Drury Lane, 21 March 1795 ; with- 
 drawn after first night. Built a cottage 
 at West Humble, near Mickleham ; 
 removed there, 1797. Comedy, *Love 
 and Fashion,' accepted for Covent 
 Garden, but withdrawn before per- 
 formance, 1800. Husband went to 
 seek employment in France, 1801. In 
 Paris with him, 1802-05 ; at Passy, 
 1805-14. Visit to England with son, 
 Aug. 1812. In Paris, 1814-16. In 
 Belgium, March to July, 1815. Re- 
 turned to England, Oct. 1815. At 
 Bath, Feb. 1816 to June 1817; at 
 Ilfracombe, June to Oct., 1817; at 
 Bath, Oct. 1817 to Sept. 1818. Hus- 
 band died, 3 May 1818. To London, 
 Oct. 1818. Son died, 19 Jan. 1837. 
 Severe illness, 1839, Died, in London, 
 6 Jan. 1840. 
 
 Works : ' Evelina ' (anon. ), 1778 ; 
 ' Cecilia ' (anon. ), 1782 ; 'Brief Reflec- 
 tions relative to the French Emigrant 
 Clergy' (anon.), 1793 ; ' Camilla,' 1796 ; 
 'The Wanderer,' 1814; 'Memoirs of 
 Dr. Burney,' 1832. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Diary and Letters' 
 (7 vols.), 1842-46. 
 
 BURNS (Robert), 1759 1796. Born 
 at AUoway, 25 Jan. 1769. To school 
 at Alloway Mill, 1764. Then to school 
 set up by his father, under John 
 Murdoch. At Dalrymple Parish 
 School, 1772 ; for short time with 
 Murdoch at Ayr, summer of 1773. 
 Did farm -work for father at Mount 
 Oliphant, near Alloway. Wrote first 
 poem, 1776. To Ballochneil, to study 
 surveying, summer of 1777. Returned 
 to Lochlea, Tarbolton, where father 
 had taken a farm. Became freemason, 
 1781. To Irvine, to enter mercantile 
 life, 1781. Shop burnt, Jan. 1782. 
 Returned to Lochlea. At father's 
 death started farm at Mossgiel, near 
 Mauchline, with brother Gilbert, 1784. 
 Connection with Jean Armour, 1786- 
 86. Offer of marriage rejected by her. 
 Poems published, to raise passage 
 money for emigration to East Indies, 
 July 1786. Mary Campbell promised 
 to accompany him, but died Oct. 1786. 
 Emigration scheme abandoned. To 
 Edinburgh, 27 Nov. 1786. Renewed 
 intimacy with Jean Armour, June 
 1787. Took farm at Eilisland, near 
 Dumfries, March 1788. Appointed 
 Exciseman, 31 March 1788. Married 
 Jean Armour, 3 Aug. 1788. Settled 
 at Eilisland, 13 June 1789 ; took up 
 his appointment as Exciseman. Left 
 Eilisland and settled at Dumfries as 
 Exciseman, Dec. 1791. Joined the 
 Volunteers, 1795. To Brow, on the 
 Solway, for health, 4 July 1796 ; 
 returned to Dumfries, 18 July. Died 
 there, 21 July, 1796. Buried there. 
 
 Works: 'Poems, chiefly in the 
 Scottish Dialect,' 1786 (2nd edn., aug- 
 mented, 1787); 'The Calf,' 1787; 
 'The Prayer of Holy Willie' (anon.), 
 1789 ; 'Poems' (2 vols., including new 
 poems) 1793 ; 'An Address to the 
 Deil.' 1795. 
 
42 
 
 BURTON 
 
 Posthumous : ' The Jolly Beggars ' 
 {with 'The Prayer of Holy Willie'), 
 1799 ; Works (4 vols., ed. by J. 
 Currie), 1800; 'Poems ascribed to 
 Robert Burns,' 1801 ; 'Letters ad- 
 dressed to Clarinda,' 1802; 'Reliques' 
 (letters and verses), 1808. 
 
 He contrib. 184 songs to 'The Scots 
 Musical Museum,' 1787-1803 ; and 70 
 (mostly posthumous) to 'A Select 
 Collection of Original Scottish Airs,' 
 1793-1805. 
 
 Collected Worhs (some containing 
 new material) : Allan Cunningham's 
 edn. (8 vols.), 1834 ; Hogg and Mother- 
 well's (5 vols.), 1836 ; Aldine edn., 
 
 1839 ; Whitelaw's (2 vols.), 1843-44 ; 
 Chambers' ' Life and Works of Burns ' 
 (4 vols.), 1851 ;etc. 
 
 Life: by Chambers in 'Life and 
 Works,' 1851 ; also by editors in other 
 edns. 
 
 BURTON ( Sir Ricliard Francis), 
 1821-1890. Born, at Barham House, 
 Herts, 19 March 1821. Taken abroad 
 soon afterwards. To school at Tours, 
 1827. To school at Richmond, 1830. 
 Returned to France, 1831. Privately 
 educated in France and Italy, 1831- 
 40. To Trinity Coll., Oxford, Oct. 
 
 1840 ; rusticated, autumn of 1841. To 
 Bombay with commission in H.E.LC.'s 
 service, Oct. 1842. Joined 18th 
 Bombay Native Infantry at Baroda. 
 Regimental Interpreter, 1843. Journey 
 to Medina and Mecca, 1852. To 
 Somaliland with Speke, 1854-55. In 
 Constantinople, 1856. Left Zanzibar, 
 with Speke, on expedition to Central 
 Africa, June 1857. Returned to 
 England, 1859 ; Gold Medal of Royal 
 Geographical Soc. Visit to America, 
 1860. Married Isabel Arundell, 22 
 Jan. 1861. Consul at Fernando Po, 
 Aug. 1861. Consul at Sao Paulo, 
 Brazil, 1865 ; travelled widely in 
 Brazil. Consul at Damascus, Oct. 
 1869 ; exploration in Syria. Returned 
 to England, 1871. Visit to Iceland, 
 1872. Consul at Trieste, 1872-90. 
 Travelled in Land of Midian, 1876, 
 1877-78 ; in interior of Gold Coast, 
 1882. K.C.M.G., 1886. Died, at 
 Trieste, 20 Oct. 1890. 
 
 Worhs : ' Goa and the Blue Moun- 
 tains,' 1851; 'Scinde; or, the Un- 
 happy Valley,' 1851 ; ' Sindh, and the 
 Races that inhabit the Valley of the 
 Indus,' 1851; 'Falconry in the Valley of 
 the Indus,' 1852; 'A Complete System 
 of Bayonet Exercise,' 1853; 'Personal 
 Narrative of a Pilgrimage ' (3 vols. ), 
 1855-56; 'First Footsteps in East 
 Africa,' 1856; 'The Lake Region of 
 Central Africa,' 1860 ; ' The City of the 
 Saints,' 1861 ; 'Wanderings in West 
 Africa' (under initials: F.R.G.S.), 
 1863; 'Abeokuta,' 1863; 'The Nile 
 Basin' (from 'Morning Advertiser'), 
 1864 ; * A Mission to Gelele' (2 vols.), 
 1864; 'Stone Talk' (under pseud, 
 of Frank Baker), 1865; 'Wit and 
 Wisdom from West Africa,' 1865 ; 
 'Explorations of the Highlands of 
 Brazil,' 1869 ; ' Letters from the 
 Battlefields of Paraguay,' 1870 ; 'Zan- 
 zibar,' 1872 ; ' Unexplored Syria ' (with 
 C. F. T. Drake), 1872; 'Ultima 
 Thule,' 1875 ; 'Two Trips to Gorilla 
 Land, 1876 [1875] ; 'A New System 
 of Sword Exercise,' 1876 ; ' Etruscan 
 Bologna,' 1876; 'Sind Revisited,' 1877; 
 ' The Gold Mines of Midian,' 1878 ; 
 ' The Land of Midian Revisited,' 1879 ; 
 'A Glance at the "Passion-Play,"' 
 1881; 'Lord Beaconsfield' [1882?]; 
 ' To the Gold Coast for Gold ' (with 
 V. L. Cameron), 1883 [1882]; 'The 
 Book of the Sword,' 1884. 
 
 Posthumous : ' The Kasldab of H^jl 
 Abd^ Al-Yazdi,' ed. by Lady Burton, 
 1894 ; translations of ' II Pentame- 
 rone,' 1893 ; and Catullus' 'Carmina,' 
 1894. 
 
 He translated : ' Vikram and the 
 Vampire,' 1870 ; Lacerda's 'Lands of 
 Cazembe,' 1873 ; Camoens' Works, 
 1880-84 ; ' Arabian Nights,' 1885-86 ; 
 ' Supplemental Nights,' 1886 - 88 ; 
 Pereira da Silva's ' Manuel de Moracs* 
 (with Lady Burton), 1886; a,ndedited: 
 ' Marcy's * Prairie Traveller,' 1863 : 
 Stade's ' Captivity,' 1874 ; Leared's 
 'Morocco and the Moors,' 1891 [1890]. 
 
 Collected Works: 'Memorial Edn.,' 
 ed. by Lady Burton and L. Smithers, 
 1893, etc. 
 
 Life : by Ladv Burton, 2 vols., 
 1893 ; by G. M. Stisted, 1896. 
 
BURTON— BUTLER 
 
 43 
 
 BURTON (Robert), 1577 - 1640. 
 Born, at Lindley, Leicestershire, 8 
 Feb. 1577. Educated at Nuneaton 
 Grammar School, and Free School at 
 Sutton Coldfield. To Brasenose Coll., 
 Oxford, 1593. Student of Christ 
 Church, 1599 ; B.A., 30 June 1602 ; 
 M.A., 9 June 1605 ; B.D., 16 May 
 1614. Vicar of St. Thomas, Oxford, 29 
 Nov. 1616. Latin Comedy ' Philoso- 
 phaster ' (written in 1606), performed 
 at Ch. Ch., 16 Feb. 1618. Rector of 
 Segrave, Leicestershire, 1630 - 40. 
 Greater part of life spent in Oxford. 
 Died there, 25 Jan. 1640 ; buried in 
 Ch. Ch. Cathedral. 
 
 Worts : ' The Anatomy of Melan- 
 choly' (under pseud, of Democritus 
 Junior), 1621 (2nd edn., 1624 ; Srd, 
 1628 ; 4th, 1632 ; 5th, 1638 ; latest, 
 1896). 
 
 Posthumous : ' Philosophaster,' ed. 
 by Rev. W. E. Buckley (privately 
 printed for Roxburghe Club), 1862. 
 
 BUTCHER (Samuel Henry), b. 
 1850. Born, in Dublin, 16 April 
 1850. Educated at Marlborough Coll., 
 Aug. 1864 to Midsummer 1869. Minor 
 Scholarship at Trinity Coll., Cam- 
 bridge, 1869. Foundation Scholarship, 
 1870 ; Bell Scholarship, 1870 ; Wad- 
 dington Scholarship, 1871 ; Powis 
 Medal, 1871 and 1872 ; Senior Classic, 
 and Chancellor's Medal, 1873 ; B.A., 
 1873 ; M.A., 1876. Assistant-Master 
 at Eton, Easter to Midsummer, 1873. 
 Fellow of Trinity Coll., Cambridge, 
 1874. Assistant-Tutor there, 1874-76. 
 Married Rose Julia Trench, 1876. 
 Extraordinary Fellowship at Univ. 
 Coll., Oxford, 1876. Lecturer there, 
 1876-82. Prof, of Greek, Edinburgh 
 Univ., 1882. Hon. LL.D., Glasgow, 
 1885. Elected member of Athenaeum 
 Club, without ballot, 2 March 1886. 
 Member of Scottish IJniversities Com- 
 mission, 1889. Hon. Litt.D., Dublin, 
 6 July 1892. Frequent speaker and 
 writer on Irish questions, in Unionist 
 interest, since 1886. Acts on Board 
 of Guardians, etc., in co. Kerry, for 
 which county he is J. P. 
 
 Works : Translation of Homer's 
 •Odyssey' (with A. Lang), 1879 ; ' De- 
 
 mosthenes ' (a biography), 1881 ; 
 'What we Owe to Greece,' 1882; 
 
 * Irish Land Acts,' 1887 ; * Some As- 
 pects of the Greek Genius,' 1891 ; 
 Critical Text and Translation of 
 Aristotle's 'Poetics,' 1895. 
 
 Has edited : Bishop Butcher's ' Ec- 
 clesiastical Calendar' (with J. G. 
 Butcher), 1877. 
 
 BUTLER (Joseph), Bishop of Dur- 
 ham. 1692-1752. Born, at Wantage, 
 18 May 1692. Educated at Wantage 
 Latin School, and at Dissenting School 
 at Gloucester and Tewkesbury. To 
 Oriel Coll., Oxford, March 1715 ; B.A., 
 11 Oct. 1718 ; B.C.L., 10 June 1721. 
 Ordained Deacon at Salisbury, Oct. 
 1718 ; Priest, Dec. 1718. Preacher 
 at Rolls Chapel, July 1719 to autumn 
 of 1726. Prebendary of Salisbury, 
 1721. Rector of Houghton-le-Skerne, 
 near Darlington, 1722. Rector of 
 Stanhope in Weardale, 1725. Lived se- 
 cluded life, mainly occupied in writing 
 ' Analooy,' published 1736. Chaplain 
 to Lord Talbot, 1733. D.C.L., Ox- 
 ford, 8 Dec. 1733. Prebendary of 
 Rochester, and Clerk of Closet to 
 Queen Caroline, July 1736. Bishop 
 of Bristol, Aug. 1738. Continued to 
 hold Rochester prebend and Stanhope 
 rectorship till appointed Dean of St. 
 Paul's, 24 May 1740. Clerk of Closet 
 to King, 1746. Bishop of Durham, 
 July 1750. To Bristol and Bath for 
 health. Died, at Bath, 16 June 1762. 
 Buried in Bristol Cathedral. 
 
 Works : ' Several Letters to the 
 Rev. Dr. Clarke, from a Gentleman 
 in Gloucestershire ' (anon.), 1716 ; 
 
 * Letters of Thanks from a Young 
 Clergyman to the Rev. Dr. Hare ' 
 (anon.), 1719; 'Fifteen Sermons,' 
 1726; 'The Analogy of Religion,' 
 1736 ; ' Sermon preached before the 
 Society for Propagating the Gospel,' 
 1739 ; ' Sermon preached before the 
 Lord Mayor,' 1740 ; ' Sermon preached 
 before the House of Lords,' 1741 ; 
 ' Sermon preached at the annual 
 meeting of the Charity Children,' 
 1745; 'Sermon preached before the 
 House of Lords,' 1747 ; * Sermon 
 preached before the Governors of the 
 
44 
 
 BUTLER— BYPvOM 
 
 London Infirmary,' 1748 ; Visitation 
 Charge at Durham, 1751. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Some Remains, 
 hitherto unpublished,' ed. by E. 
 Steere, 1853. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by Dr. Kippis, 
 1804 ; ed. by Rt. Hon. W. E. Glad- 
 stone (2 vols.), 1896. 
 
 Life : by T. Bartlett, 1839 ; by 
 Samuel Butler, 1896. 
 
 BUTLER (Samuel), 1612 - 1680. 
 Born, at Strensham, Worcestersliire, 
 1612. Educated at Worcester Free 
 School. Possibly to Cambridge, about 
 1627 [?]. Probably attendant to 
 Countess of Kent, at Wrest, for some 
 years from 1628. Acted as secretary 
 to various people ; including Jeffereys 
 (a J. P.), Sir Samuel Luke, and Sir 
 Henry Rosewell. Visited France and 
 Holland. Secretary to Lord Carbury 
 and Steward of Ludlow Castle, 1660. 
 Married about this time. Uneventful 
 life of poverty. Confined to house 
 with gout, Oct. 1679 to Easter 1680. 
 Died in Rose Street, Co vent Garden, 
 25 Sept. 1680. Buried in churchyard 
 of St. Paul's, Covent Garden. 
 
 Works: 'Hudibras,' pt. i. (anon.), 
 16G3 (pirated and unauthorized ed., 
 1662); pt. ii. (anon.), 1664; pt. iii. 
 (anon.), 1678 ; * Ode to the Memory of 
 Du-Val,'167l ; 'Two Letters' (anon.), 
 1672 ; 'Geneva Ballad' (anon.), 1674. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Hudibras,' pts. i.-iii. 
 together, 1710 ; ' Genuine Remains, in 
 Verse and Prose' (2 vols.), 1759. 
 ['Posthumous Works,' ed. by Sir Roger 
 L'Estrange, 1715, probably spurious.] 
 
 Works attributed to Butler: 'Letter 
 from Mercurius Civicus to Mercurius 
 Rusticus,' 16i3 ; 'Acts and Monu- 
 ments of our Late Parliament ' (under 
 pseud, of 'John Canne'), 1659 ; con- 
 tinuation of same, 1659; 'Proposals 
 for farming out Liberty of Conscience,' 
 1663; 'A New Ballad of King Ed ward 
 and Jane Shore,' 1671 ; 'Mercurius 
 Menippeus,' 1682 ; 'The Plagiary Ex- 
 pos'd,' 1691 ; 'The Secret History of 
 the Calves' Head Club,' 1703. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by G. Gil- 
 fillan, with life, 1854 ; 'Aldine' edn., 
 1893. 
 
 BUTLEK (Samuel), b. 1835. Bom, 
 at Langar Rectory, Notts, 4 Dec. 
 1835. At Shrewsbury School, Aug. 
 1848 to Oct. 1854. To St. John's Col]., 
 Cambridge, Oct. 1854; B.A., 1858. 
 To Canterbury Settlement, New Zea- 
 land, 29 Sept. 1859. Left New Zea- 
 land, 1864. Returned to England 
 same year ; settled in Clifford's Inn, 
 where he now resides. Studied paint- 
 ing for several years and exhibited at 
 Royal Academy. Abandoned paint- 
 ing for literary career, 1875. Pub- 
 lished musical compositions (in collab. 
 with H. Festing Jones), 1885 ; can- 
 tata 'Narcissus' (with H. Festing 
 Jones), 1888. 
 
 Works : ' A First Year in Canter- 
 bury Settlement,' 1863; 'Erewhon' 
 (anon.), 1872; 'The Fair Haven' 
 (under pseudonym ' John Prichard 
 Owen '), 1873 (2nd ed., bearing 
 author's name, same year) ; ' Life and 
 Habit,' 1877 ; ' Evolution, Old and 
 New,' 1879 ; ' Unconscious Memory,' 
 1880 ; ' Alps and Sanctuaries of Pied- 
 mont and the Canton Ticino,' 1881 ; 
 'Luck, or Cunning, as the Main 
 Means of Organic Modification?' 1886 ; 
 ' Ex Voto,' 1888 ; ' Life of Bishop 
 Butler ' (2 vols.), 1896. 
 
 BYROM (John), 1692-1763. Born, at 
 Kersall Cell, Broughton, near Man- 
 chester, 29 Feb. 1692. At Merchant 
 Taylors' School [1707-08?]. Entered 
 at Trin. Coll., Camb., 6 July 1708 ; 
 Scholar, May 1709 ; B. A. 1712 ; Fellow 
 of Trin. Coll., 1714; M.A., 1715. 
 Contrib. to 'Spectator,' 1714. Went 
 abroad, 1716. Studied medicine at 
 Montpelier. Returned to London, 
 1718. Married Elizabeth Byrom, 14 
 Feb. 1721. Began to teach new system 
 of Shorthand which he had invented, 
 1723. F.R.S., 17 March 1724. Suc- 
 ceeded to property from uncle, 1733 ; 
 to family estates, 1740. Act of Par- 
 liament giving him sole right for 
 twenty-one years of publishing and 
 teaching his Shorthand system, May 
 1742. Died, 26 Sept. 1763. 
 
 Works : ' Tunbridgialia ' (anon.), 
 1726 ; ' An Epistle to a Gentleman of 
 the Temple,' 1749; 'Enthusiasm' 
 
BYRON 
 
 45 
 
 (anon.), 1751 ; 'The Universal English 
 Shorthand,' 1767. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Miscellaneous Poems' 
 (2 vols.), 1773 ; 'Private Journal and 
 Literary Remains ' (published by 
 Chetham Society), 1854 ; * Poems,' 
 ed. by A. W. Ward (Chetham Soc. ), 
 1894, etc. 
 
 B7R0N (George Gordon), Lord 
 Byron. 1788-1824. Born, in London, 
 22 Jan. 1788. Lame from birth. 
 Early years spent with mother in 
 Aberdeen. Educated at private 
 schools there, and at Grammar School, 
 1794-98. Succeeded to title on death 
 of grand-uncle. May 1798. To New- 
 stead with his mother, autumn of 1799. 
 Made ward in Chancery under 
 guardianship of Lord Carlisle. To 
 school at Nottingham. To London 
 for treatment for lameness, 1799. To 
 Dr. Glennie's school at Dulwich, 1799. 
 At Harrow, summer of 1801 to 1805. 
 To Trinity Coll., Cambridge, Oct. 1805 ; 
 M.A., 4 July 1808. On leaving Cam- 
 bridge, settled at Newstead. Took 
 seat in House of Lords, 13 March 
 1 809. Started on ' grand tour,' 2 July 
 1809, to Spain, Malta, Turkey, Greece. 
 Returned to England, July 1811. 
 Settled in St. James's Street, London, 
 Oct. 1811. Spoke for first time in 
 House of Lords, 27 Feb. 1812. Married 
 Anne Isabella Milbanke, 2 Jan. 1815. 
 Settled in Piccadilly Terrace, London, 
 March 1815, Daughter born, 10 Dec. 
 
 1815. Separation from wife, Feb. 
 
 1816. Left England, 24 April 1816. 
 To Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, 
 Italy. Amour with Miss Clairmont, 
 1816-17. Daughter born by her, Jan . 
 1817 (died April 1822). Settled in 
 Venice, 1817. Amour with Countess 
 Guiccioli, April to Oct., 1819. To 
 Ravenna, Christmas 1819. Prolific 
 literary production. ' Marino Faliero ' 
 performed at Drury Lane, spring of 
 1821. To Pisa, Oct. 1821. <The 
 Liberal ' published (4 nos. only), 
 with Leigh Hunt and Shelley, 1823. 
 Elected member of Greek Com- 
 mittee in London, 1823. Sailed 
 from Genoa for Greece, 15 July 1823. 
 Raising Suliote troops on behalf 
 
 of Greeks against Turks at Misso- 
 longhi, Dec. 1823. Serious illness, 
 Feb. 1824. Died, 19 April 1824. 
 Buried in England, at Hucknall 
 Torkard. 
 
 Works : ' Fugitive Pieces ' (privately 
 printed, all destroyed except two 
 copies), 1806 (a facsimile privately 
 reprinted, 1886) ; 'Poems on Various 
 Occasions ' (anon., same as preceding, 
 with omissions), 1807 ; 'Hours of 
 Idleness,' 1807 ; * English Bards and 
 Scotch Reviewers ' (anon.), 1809 (2nd 
 edn. same year) ; Poems contrib. to 
 J. C. Hobhouse's ' Imitations and 
 Translations,' 1809 ; 'Childe Harold,' 
 cantos 1 and 2, 1812 (2nd-5th edns., 
 same year) ; ' The Curse of Minerva ' 
 (anon.), 1812; 'The Waltz' (under 
 pseud, of ' Horace Hornem '), 1813 ; 
 'The Giaour,' 1813; 'The Bride of 
 Abydos,' 1813 (2nd-5th edns., same 
 year); 'The Corsair,' 1814; ' Ode to 
 Napoleon Buonaparte' (anon.), 1814 ; 
 ' Lara ' (anon., with Rogers's ' Jacque- 
 line '), 1814 ; ' Hebrew Melodies,' 
 1815; 'Siege of Corinth' (anon.), 
 1816; 'Parisina,' 1816 (second edn., 
 with preceding work, same year) ; 
 * Poems,' 1816 ; 'Poems on his Domes- 
 tic Circumstances,' 1816; 'Prisoner 
 of Chillon,' 1816 ; 'Childe Harold,' 
 canto 3, 1816 ; ' Monody on the 
 Death of Sheridan' (anon.), 1816; 
 'Fare Thee WeU!' 1816; 'Manfred,' 
 
 1817 (2nd edn., same year); 'The 
 Lament of Tasso,' 1817; 'Poems 
 Written by Somebody' (anon.), 1818 ; 
 ' Childe Harold,' canto 4, 1818 ; 
 'Beppo' (anon.), 1818; 'Suppressed 
 Poems,' 1818 ; ' Three Poems not in- 
 cluded in the Works of Lord Byron,' 
 
 1818 ; ' Don Juan,' cantos 1 and 2 
 (anon.), 1819 ; ' Mazeppa,' 1819 ; 
 'Marino Faliero,' 1820 ; 'Don Juan,' 
 cantos 3-5 (anon.), 1821 ; 'Prophecy 
 of Dante ' (with 2nd edn. of ' Marino 
 Faliero '), 1821 ; ' Sardanapalus, The 
 Two Foscari, and Cain,' 1821 ; ' Letter 
 ... on the Rev. W. L. Bowles's 
 Strictures on Pope,' 1821 ; 'Werner,' 
 
 1822 ; ' Don Juan,' cantos 6-14 (anon.), 
 
 1823 ; ' The Liberal,' with Leigh 
 Hunt and Shelley (anon., 4 nos.), 1823 ; 
 'The Age of Bronze' (anon.), 1823; 
 
46 
 
 CAINE-CALVERLEY 
 
 •The Island,' 1823 (2nd edn., same 
 year) ; 'The Deformed Transformed,' 
 
 1823 ; 'Heavtn and Earth' (anon.), 
 
 1824 ; * Don Juan,' cantos 15, 16 
 (anon.), 1824 (canto 17 of 'Don Juan,' 
 1829, and 'Twenty Suppressed 
 Stanzas,' 1838, are spurious) ; 'Parlia- 
 mentary Speeches,' 1824 ; ' The 
 Vision of Judgment ' (anon., reprinted 
 from pt. i. of ' The Liberal '), 1824. 
 
 Posthumous: ' Correspondence with 
 a Friend' (3 vols.), 1825; 'Letters and 
 Journals,' edited by T. Moore (2 vols.), 
 1830. 
 
 Collected Works: in 8 vols., 1815-17 ; 
 in 5 vols., 1817 ; in 8 vols., 1818-20 ; 
 in 4 vols., 1828 ; ' Life and Works ' 
 (17 vols.), 1832-35, etc. 
 
 Life : ' Lord Byron and his Con- 
 temporaries,' by Leigh Hunt, 1826 ; 
 life by Moore, 1830 ; by Gait, 1830 ; 
 by Jeafifreson, 1883 ; by Roden Noel 
 ('Great Writers' series), 1890. 
 
 CAINE (Thomas Henry Hall), b. 
 1853. Born, at Runcorn, Cheshire, 14 
 May 1853. At school in Isle of Man 
 and at Liverpool. Educated as an 
 architect ; never practised. Contrib. 
 to ' Builder * and ' Building News. ' 
 Was for short time Schoolmaster at 
 Maughold, Isle of Man. Became 
 journalist, 1880. To London, 1881. 
 On staff of 'Liverpool Mercury,' 1881- 
 88. Lived with D. G. Rossetti, 1881- 
 82. First novel published, 1885. 
 Has contrib. to ' Athenaeum,' ' Aca- 
 demy,' 'Times,' etc. Play, 'Ben-my- 
 Chree ' (dramatized, with Wilson Bar- 
 rett, from 'The Deemster') produced 
 at Princess's Theatre, 17 May 1888 ; 
 * The Good Old Times ' (with Wilson 
 Barrett) produced, at Princess's 
 Theatre, 12 Feb. 1889 ; play, ' The 
 Manxman,' dramatized, by Wilson 
 Barrett, from novel, produced at 
 Leeds, 20 Aug. 1894 ; second version, 
 Shaftesbviry Theatre, London, 18 Nov. 
 1895. Travelled in Iceland, 1889 ; 
 in Morocco, 1891. To Poland and 
 Russia on behalf of Russo-Jewish 
 Committee, 1892. Opened Philoso- 
 phical Institution, Edinburgh, and 
 Arts Club, Edinburgh, 1894. Visit 
 to U.S.A., 1895 ; to Canada on behalf 
 
 of Authors' Society, with reference to 
 Copyright Question, 1896. Has re- 
 sided in and near London, 1881-90 ; 
 at Keswick, 1890-93 j in Isle of Man, 
 since 1 May 1893. 
 
 Works: 'Richard III. and Mac- 
 beth,' 1877 ; 'Recollections of Dante 
 Gabriel Rossetti,' 1882 ; * Sonnets of 
 Three Centuries,' 1882 ; ' Cobwebs of 
 Criticism,' 1883 ; 'The Shadow of a 
 Crime,' 1885 ; ' A Son of Hagar,' 
 1886 ; 'Life of S. T. Coleridge,' 1887 ; 
 ' The Deemster,' 1887 ; ' The Bond- 
 man,' 1890; 'The Prophet,' 1890; 'The 
 Scapegoat,' 1891 ; ' The Little Manx 
 Nation,' 1891 ; 'Capt'n Davy's Honey- 
 moon,' 1893 [1892] ; ' The Little Man 
 Island,' 1894 ; 'The Manxman,' 1894; 
 'The Christian ' (in 'Windsor Mag.'), 
 1896-97. 
 
 He has edited: Maeterlinck's 'Prin 
 cess Maleine, etc.,' 1892. 
 
 CALVERLEY (Charles Stuart), 
 1831-1884. Born [Charles Stuart 
 Blayds], at Martley, Worcestershire, 
 22 Dec. 1831. Father assumed name 
 of Calverley, 1852. Educated by pri- 
 vate tutors ; then at Marlborough. 
 At Harrow, Sept. 1846 to July 1850. 
 To Balliol Coll., Oxford, as scholar, 
 Nov. 1850 ; Chancellor's Prize, 1851. 
 Resumed family name of Calverley, 
 1852. Removed to Christ's Coll., Camb., 
 Oct. 1852 ; Craven Scholarship, 1854 ; 
 CamdenMedal,1853andl855; Browne 
 Medal, 1855; Latin Essay Prize, 1856 ; 
 B.A., 1856 ; M.A., 1859 ; Fellow of 
 Christ's Coll., 14 Dec. 1857 to 24 June 
 1863. Married Ellen Calveriey, 1863. 
 Called to Bar at Inner Temple, 1 May 
 1865. Severe accident, winter of 
 1866 ; obliged to relinquish profes- 
 sion. Died, at Folkestone, 17 Feb. 
 1884 ; buried there. 
 
 Works : ' Verses and Translations ' 
 (under initials : C. S. C), 1862; 'Trans- 
 lations into English and Latin,' 1866 ; 
 ' Theocritus, translated into English 
 Verse,' 1869; 'Fly Leaves' (under 
 initials : C. S. C), 1872. 
 
 Collected Works : ' Literary Re- 
 mains,' with memoir by W. J. Sendall, 
 1885. 
 
CAMDEN-CAMPBELL 
 
 47 
 
 CAMDEN (William), 1651-1623. 
 Born, in London, 2 May 1551. Edu- 
 cated at Christ's Hospital and St. 
 Paul's School. To Magdalen Coll., 
 Oxford, 1566, probably as chorister ; 
 thence to Broadgates Hall (afterwards 
 Pembroke Coll.) and Christ Church. 
 Supplicated for B.A. degree, 12 June 
 1570, and 5 March 1574 ; admitted, 
 6 March 1574 ; supplicated for M.A., 
 3 June 1588. Left Oxford and re- 
 turned to London, 1571. In Oxford 
 for short time in 1573. Pursued anti- 
 quarian researches. Appointed Second 
 Master at Westminster School, 1575. 
 'Britannia' published, May 1586. 
 Lay Prebend of Ilfracombe, 1589- 
 1623. Headmaster of Westminster 
 School, March 1593 [to 1599 ?]. Ap- 
 pointed Clarencieux King-of-Arms, 
 Cot. 1597. Controversy with Ralph 
 Brooke re 'Britannia,' 1599-1600. 
 Appointed * historian ' to projected 
 Anti-Romish College at Chelsea, 1610; 
 scheme fell through. ' Annals ' pub- 
 lished, 1615. Latter years of life 
 passed at Chislehurst. Endowed Hist- 
 ory Lectureship at Oxford, 1622. 
 Died, at Chislehurst, 9 Nov. 1623. 
 Buried in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Wm-Tcs: 'Britannia,' 1586; 'In- 
 stitutio Graecse Grammatices Com- 
 pendiaria,' 1597 ; 'Reges, Reginse, no- 
 biles, &c., in Ecclesia Oollegiata B. 
 Petri Westmonasterij sepulti' (anon.), 
 1600; 'Anglica, Hibernica, Normanica, 
 Cambrica e veteribus scripta,' 1602; 
 'Remaines of a greater Worke, con- 
 cerning Britaine ' (under initials : 
 M. N.), 1605 ; 'Actio in Henricum Gar- 
 netum,' 1607 ; ' Annales,' pt. i., 1615 ; 
 pts. i. and ii., 1625 ; pt. ii. separately 
 (uniform with 1615 edn. of pt. i.), 
 1627. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Historieof Princesse 
 Elizabeth' (anon.), 1630; 'V.Cl.G. 
 Cambdeni Elogia Anglorum,' 1653 ; 
 * V. CI. Gulielmi Camdeni et illus- 
 trium Virorum ad G. Camdenum 
 Epistolae ' (with life by Thomas 
 Smith), 1691. 
 
 CAMPBELL (Thomas) 1777-1844. 
 Born, in Glasgow, 27 July, 1777. 
 Educated at Glasgow Grammar School, 
 
 1784-91 ; at Glasgow University, Oct. 
 1791 to Spring, 1796. As private tutor 
 at Downie, 1796-97. Returned to 
 Glasgow. Removed to Edinburgh to 
 study Law. A few weeks later under- 
 took literary work for Messrs. Mundell 
 and Co., publishers. Also gave private 
 tuition. First poems published, April 
 1799. To Germany, 1800 ; studied and 
 wrote poems. Returned to London, 
 April 1801. Married Matilda Sin- 
 clair, 10 Oct. 1803. Devoted him- 
 self to literary work, and lived in 
 London for rest of life. Crown pen- 
 sion of £200 granted him, 1805. Lec- 
 tured on poetry at Royal Institution, 
 1810. Visit to Paris, 1814. Royal 
 Institution lectures repeated at Liver- 
 pool and Birmingham, 1819. In Ger- 
 many and Austria, May to Nov. 1820. 
 Edited 'New Monthly Magazine,' 
 Nov. 1820 to 1830. Scheme of London 
 University conceived, 1824. Visit 
 to Berlin Univ., Sept. 1825. Lord 
 Rector of Glasgow Univ., 1826-29. 
 Wife died, 1828. Edited 'Metro- 
 politan Magazine,' 1831-32. Founded 
 Polish Association, 1832. Visit to 
 Paris and Algiers, 1834. Returned 
 to London, 1835. Settled in Victoria 
 Square, Pimlico, with niece (Mary 
 Campbell) as companion. Edited 
 * The Scenic Annual ' for 1838. To 
 Boulogne for health, June 1843. 
 Died there, 15 June 1844. Buried in 
 Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works : ' The Pleasures of Hope,' 
 1799; 'Annals of Great Britain' 
 (anon.), 1807 ; 'Gertrude of Wyom- 
 ing,' 1809; 'Essay on English Poetry,' 
 1819; 'Specimens of the British 
 Poets' (7 vols.), 1819; 'Miscellaneous 
 Poems,' 1824; 'Theodric,' 1824 [?] 
 (2nd edn., 1824); 'Rectorial Address,' 
 1827 ; ' Poland,' 1831 [?] (2nd edn., 
 1831); 'Life of Mrs. Siddons' (2 vols.), 
 1834; 'Letters from the South' (2 
 vols.), 1837; 'Life of Petrarch' (2 
 vols. ), 1841 ; ' The Pilgrim of Glencoe,' 
 1842 ; ' History of Our Own Times ' 
 (anon.), 1843. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Life and Letters,' 
 ed. by W. Beattie, 1849. 
 
 He edited: Byron's Works (with 
 Moore, Scott, etc.), 1835 ; Shake- 
 
48 
 
 CARLETON— OARLYLE 
 
 speare's Plays, 1838 ; * Frederick the 
 Great; his Court and Times,' 1842-43. 
 Collected Poems: in 2 vols., 1810, 
 1815; in 2 vols., 1823; in 2 vols., 
 1833, 1837, 1839, 1851 (ed. by W. A. 
 Hill, illustrated by Turner), etc. 
 
 CARLETON (William), 1794-1839. 
 Born, at Prillisk, co. Tyrone, 20 Feb. 
 1794 (according to his autobiography; 
 4 March according to his tombstone). 
 Educated at various small schools in 
 neighbourhood. Intended for Church, 
 bub idea soon abandoned. Appren- 
 ticed to stone-cutter, 1814. Private 
 tutor in farmer's family, co. Louth, 
 1814. To Dublin, 1818 ; engaged in 
 tuition. Clerk to Sunday School 
 Society. Married Jane Anderson, 
 [1820 ?]. Began to contribute to various 
 periodicals ; to ' Christian Examiner,' 
 1828-30; to * National Magazine,' 
 1830-31. Granted Crown pension of 
 £200, 14 July 1848. Visit to London, 
 Oct. to Nov., 1850. Died, at Sand- 
 ford, CO. Dublin, 30 Jan. 1869. 
 
 Worhs : ' Traits and Stories of the 
 Irish Peasantry' (anon.), 2 series, 
 1830-33 ; 'Tales of Ireland' (anon.), 
 1834; 'Fardorougha the Miser,' 1839; 
 • Father Butler,' 1839 ; ' The Fawn 
 of Springvale, etc.,' 1841 (2nd ed., en- 
 titled 'Jane Sinclair,' 1849); 'Valen- 
 tine McClutchy,' 1845; 'Rody the 
 Rover,' 1845 ; ' Parra Sastha,' 1845 ; 
 'Art Maguire,' 1847; 'The Black 
 Prophet,' 1847; 'The Emigrants of 
 Ahadarra,' 1847 ; ' The Tithe Proctor,' 
 1849; 'The Clarionet, etc.,' 1850; 
 ' Red Hall,' 1852 (2nd edn., entitled 
 'The Black Baronet,' 1857); 'The 
 Squanders of Castle Squander,' 1852 ; 
 ' Willy Reilly,' 1855 (2nd edn., same 
 year) ; 'The Emigrants,' 1857 ; 'The 
 Evil Eye,' 1860; 'The Double Pro- 
 phecy,' 1862 ; ' Redm.md, Count 
 O'Hanlon,' 1862; 'The Silver Acre, 
 etc.,' 1862. 
 
 Posthumous : ' The Fair of Emy- 
 vale, etc.,* 1870; 'Farm Ballads,' 
 1873 ; 'Farm Festivals,' 1881 ; 'Farm 
 Legends,' 1882; 'The Red Haired 
 Man's Wife,' 1889. 
 
 Life: (including Autobiography and 
 Letters) by D. J. O'Donoghue, 1896. 
 
 CASLYLE (Thomas), 1795-1881. 
 Born, at Ecclefechan, 4 Dec. 1795. 
 First educated at village school. To 
 Annan Grammar School, 1805. To 
 Edinburgh Univ , Nov. 1809, to study 
 for Church. Mathematical tutorship 
 at Annan, 1814-16. Schoolmastership, 
 1816 - 19, at Kirkcaldy, where inti- 
 macy with Edward Irving was begun. 
 Idea of ministry given up. To Edin- 
 burgh with Irving, to study for Bar, 
 Dec. 1819. Four years of struggle. 
 Worked for 'Edinburgh Encyclo- 
 paedia,' 1820-23. Contrib. to 'New 
 Edinburgh Review,' 1821-22 ; ' Edin- 
 burgh Review,' 1827-29, 1831-32; 
 'Foreign Review,' 1828-30 ; 'Foreign 
 Quarterly Review,' 1831-33, 1843; 
 • Eraser's Magazine,' 1830-33, 1835, 
 1837, 1839, 1841, 1844, 1847, 1849, 
 1875 ; * Westminster Review,' 1831 ; 
 ' New Monthly Magazine,' 1832 ; 
 'London and Westminster Review,' 
 1837-38, 1842, 1855; 'Examiner,' 
 1839 ; ' Leigh Hunt's Journal,' 1850 ; 
 ' Keepsake,' 1852 ; ' Proceedings of 
 Soc. of Scotch Antiquaries,' 1854 ; 
 'Macmillan,' 1863, 1867. Tutor to 
 sons of Mrs. BuUen, Jan. 1822 to 
 June 1824. Contrib. a life of Schiller 
 to ' London Magazine,' 1823-24. ' Wil- 
 helm Meistpr ' translation accepted 
 for publication. Returned to Scotland, 
 March 1825. Married Jane Baillie 
 Welsh, 17 Oct. 1826. Increasing 
 literary reputation in Edinburgh. 
 Contrib. to various reviews, chiefly 
 articles on German literature. Settled 
 at Craigen-puttock, May 1828. To 
 London, Aug. 1831 ; joined there by 
 his wife, Oct. 1831. Return to Craigen- 
 puttock, April 1832. In Edinburgh, 
 Jan. to May, 1833. ' Sartor Resartus ' 
 appeared in ' Eraser's Magazine,' Nov. 
 1833 to Aug. 1834. Pecuniary difficul- 
 ties. To London, May 1834 ; settled 
 in Cheyne Row, 10 June 1834. En- 
 gaged on 'French Revolution,' Feb. 
 1835 to Jan. 1837 ; MS. of Brst vol. 
 accidentally destroyed, March 1835. 
 Lectured at Willis's Rooms, on Ger- 
 man literature. May 1837 ; on Spi- 
 ritual History of Man, May 1838 ; on 
 French Revolution, May 1839 ; on 
 Hero Worship, May 1840. Agitated 
 
r 
 
CARROLL -CAXTON 
 
 i9 
 
 for institution of Londoa Library, 
 1839 (it was started the next year). 
 Engaged on 'Cromwell,' 1840-45. 
 Visits to Ireland, 1846 and 1849. 
 ' Latter Day Pamphlets' written, 1850. 
 At work on 'Frederick the Great,' 
 1.S31-65. lU health of wife, 1860-65. 
 Elected Lord Rector of Edinburgh 
 Univ., Nov. 1865. Wife died, 21 
 April 1866. Winter at Mentone, 
 1866-67. Pres. of Edin. Philos. Inst., 
 1868 and 1877. President of London 
 Library, 1870-81. Prussian Order of 
 Merit, Feb. 1874. Failing health and 
 inability to write. Died 4 Feb. 1881. 
 Buried at Ecclefechan. 
 
 Works : * Life of Friedrich Schiller ' 
 (anon.), 1825; 'German Romance' 
 (translations ; anon.), 1827 ; 'French 
 Revolution,' 1837 ; ' Sartor Resartus ' 
 (anon. ; from * Fraser's Mag.'), 1838 ; 
 ' Critical and Miscellaneous Essays,' 
 1839 ; 'Chartism,' 1840 (2nd edn. same 
 year) ; 'On Heroes,' 1841 ; 'Past and 
 Present,' 1843 ; ' Life and Letters of 
 Oliver Cromwell,' 1845 ; 'Latter-Day 
 Pamphlets,' 1850; 'Life of John 
 Sterling,' 1851 ; ' Occasional Discourse 
 on the Nigger Question' (from 'Eraser's 
 Mag.'), 1853; * History of Friedrich 
 IL,' vol. i., ii., 1858 ; vol. iii., 1862 ; 
 vol. iv., 1864 ; vol. v., vi., 1865 ; 'In- 
 augural Address at Edinburgh,' 1866 ; 
 
 * Shooting Niagara ' (from ' Mac- 
 millan's Mag.'), 1867 ; ' Mr. Carlyle 
 on the War ' (from the 'Times '), 1871 ; 
 
 * The Early Kings of Norway ' (from 
 'Eraser's Mag.'), 1875. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Reminiscences,' ed. 
 by Froude, 1881; 'Letters to Mrs. 
 Basil Montagu and B. W. Proctor ' 
 (privately printed), 1881 ; 'Reminis- 
 cences of My Irish Journey in 1849,' 
 ed. by Froude, 1882 ; ' Last Words,' 
 
 1882 ; Correspondence with Emerson, 
 
 1883 ; ' Early Letters,' 1886 ; Corres- 
 pondence with Goethe, 1887. 
 
 He translated: Legendre's 'Geome- 
 try,' 1824 ; Goethe's ' Wilhelm Meister' 
 (anon.), 1824; Musseus' 'Dumb Love,' 
 1827. 
 
 Collected WorTcs : in 16 vols., 
 1856-58 ; in 34 vols., 1869-71 ; in 37 
 vols., 1871-74 ; etc. 
 
 Life : by Froude (two lives), 1882 
 
 and 1884 ; by Dr. Garnett ('Great 
 Writers' series), 1887. 
 
 CARROLL (Lewis). See Dodgson 
 (0. L.). 
 
 GARY (Henry Francis), 1772-1844. 
 Born, at Gibraltar, 6 Dec. 1772. 
 Father settled in Staffordshire. Edu- 
 cated first at Uxbridge; at Rugby, 
 1783-85 ; at Sutton Coldfield Grammar 
 School, 1785-87 ; at Birmingham 
 Grammar School, 1787-90. Contrib. 
 to ' Gentleman's Magazine,' from 1788. 
 To Ch. Ch., Oxford, 29 April 1790 ; 
 B.A., 14 Jan. 1794 ; M.A., 23 Nov. 
 1796. Ordained, Spring of 1796; Vicar 
 of Abbott's Bromley, Staffordshire, 
 Married Jane Ormsby, 19 Sept. 1796. 
 Instituted in living of Kingsbury, 
 Warwickshire, 27 June 1800 ; re- 
 moved thither, 12 Nov.. 1800. Occu- 
 pied on Dante translation, 1797-1812. 
 To London, 1807. Reader at Berke- 
 ley Chapel, 1810-13. To Chiswick, as 
 Curate and Lecturer, 1814. Curate 
 of Savoy, June 1816. Contrib. to 'Lon- 
 don Magazine,' 1821-24. Assistant- 
 Keeper of printed books in British 
 Museum, June 1826 to July 1837. 
 Crown pension, 23 Aug. 1841. Died, 
 at Willesden, 14 Aug. 1844. Buried 
 in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works : ' Sonnets and Odes,' 1788 ; 
 « Ode to General Kosciusko,' 1797. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Lives of English 
 Pofets,' 1846; 'The Early French 
 Poets,' 1846. 
 
 He translated : Dante's * Divina 
 Commedia,' 1814 ('Inferno,' 1805); 
 Aristophanes' ' Birds,' 1824 ; Pindar, 
 1833 ; and edited : Cowper's Poems, 
 1839 ; Milton, Thomson, and Young'i 
 Poems, 1841. 
 
 Life : by his son, H. Cary, 1847. 
 
 CAXTON (William), 1422[?]-1491. 
 Born, in Kent, 1422 [?]. Apprenticed 
 to a mercer in London, 24 June 1438. 
 To Bruges, c. 1441. Set up in busi- 
 ness there at expiration of apprentice- 
 ship, 1446. Visit to London 1453. 
 Appointed Governor of Merchant 
 Adventurers at Bruges, 1465. Mar- 
 ried, 1469 [?]. Gave up business and 
 4 
 
50 
 
 CENTLIVRE 
 
 took service in household of Duchess 
 of Burgundy, 1471. Engaged on 
 translation of ' Le Recueil des His- 
 toires de Troye,' 1469-71. Printed it, 
 1474 [?]. Returned to England, 1476. 
 Practised art of printing, and trans- 
 lated a large number of works, 1476-91. 
 At court of Edward IV. and Richard 
 III. Audited parochial accounts of 
 St. Margaret's, Westminster, 1478-84. 
 Died, 1491. Buried at St. Margaret's, 
 Westminster. 
 
 Translations by Caxton : ' Recueyll 
 of the histories of Troye, 1474 [?J ; 
 •TheGameand Play of the Chess,' 1474- 
 75; 'The History of Jason,' 1477; 
 •Description of Britain,' 1480; 'The 
 Mirrour of the World,' 1480 ; 'The 
 History of Reynard the Fox,' 1481 ; 
 ' The History of Godfrey of Boulogne,' 
 1481 ; Polychronicon,' 1482 ; ' Caton,' 
 1483; 'The Golden Legend,' 1483; 
 'The Knight of the Tower's Book,' 
 1484 ; 'The Fables of ^sop,' 1484 ; 
 'The Order of Chivalry,' 1484 [?] ; 
 'The Curial,' 1484 [?]; 'The Life of 
 Saint Winifred,' 1485 [?] ; « The Life 
 of Charles the Great,' 1485 ; ' The 
 Knight Paris,' 1485 ; 'The Book of 
 Good Manners,' 1487 ; ' The Royal 
 Book,' 1488 [?]; 'The Doctrinal of 
 Sapience,* 1489 ; 'Fayts of Arms,' 
 1489 ; 'The Historic of Blanchardin 
 and Eglantine,' 1489 [?] ; 'Four Sons 
 of Aymon,' 1489 [?] ; ' Eneydos,' 1490 ; 
 • Art and Craft to know well how to 
 die,' 1490. 
 
 He edited: Earl Rivers' 'Dictes 
 ... of the Philosophres,' 1477 ; 
 Chaucer's ' Canterbury Tales,' 1478 ; 
 Earl Rivers' 'Cordial,' 1479; 'The 
 Cronycles of England,' 1480 ; Cicero's 
 'De Senectute,' 1481 ; 'ThePylgrem- 
 age of the Sowle,' 1483; 'Four 
 Sermons,' 1483 ; Gower's ' Confessio 
 Amantis,' 1483. 
 
 "Reprinted in all upwards of seventy 
 works (including all the above), 
 1474-91. 
 
 CENTLIVEE {Mrs. Susannah), 1667 
 [1]-1723. Born [Susannah Freeman? 
 or Rawkins ?], in Ireland [?], 1667 [?]. 
 Is said to have run away from home 
 on father's second marriage, and lived 
 
 in Cambridge with Anthony Ham- 
 mond ; in London, for about a year, 
 with a nephew of Sir Stephen Fox ; 
 and subsequently with a Capt. Carroll, 
 for about eighteen months. Plays pro- 
 duced at Drury Lane, 1700-22 ; others 
 occasionally at Lincoln's Inn Fields 
 and Haymarket. First appeared as an 
 actress at Bath, in her 'Love at a 
 Venture,' 1706. Joined company of 
 strolling players. Married to Joseph 
 Centlivre, head cook to Queen Anne 
 and George I., 1706 [?]. Died in 
 London, 1 Dec. 1723. Buried in St. 
 Martin's-in-the-Fields, and afterwards 
 transferred to St. Paul's, Covent 
 Garden. 
 
 Works: 'The Perjur'd Husband,' 
 1700 (produced at Drury Lane, 1700) ; 
 'Love at a Venture,' 1706 (prod, at 
 Bath, 1706 [?]) ; ' The Beau's Duel,' 
 1702 (prod. Lincoln's Inn Fields, 1702); 
 'The Stolen Heiress' (anon.), [1703] 
 (prod. Lincoln's Inn Fields, 1702) ; 
 'Love's Contrivance' (anon.), 1703 
 (prod. Drury Lane, 1703); 'The 
 Gamester ' (anon.), 1705 (prod. Lin- 
 coln's Inn Fields, 1705 [?]) ; 'The Bas- 
 sett Table ' (anon. ), 1706 (prod. Drury 
 Lane, 1705) ; ' The Platonick Lady ' 
 (anon.), 1707 (prod. Drury Lane, 
 1706) ; ' The Busy Body,' 1709 (prod. 
 Drury Lane, 1709) ; ' The Man's Be- 
 witched,' [1710] (prod. Haymarket, 
 1709) ; ' A Bickerstaflf's Burial,' [1710?] 
 (prod. Drury Lane, 1710) ; ' Mar- 
 plot,' 1711 (prod. Drury Lane, 1710) ; 
 ' The Perplex'd Lovers,' 1712 (prod. 
 Drury Lane, 1712) ; 'The Wonder !' 
 
 1714 (prod. Drury Lane, 1714); 'A 
 Gotham Election,' 1715 (not acted ; 
 2nd edn., called 'Humours of Elec- 
 tions,' 1737) ; 'A Wife Well Managed,' 
 
 1715 (prod. Drury Lane, 1715 [?]) ; 
 ' A Poem, humbly presented to . . . 
 George, King of Great Britain, upon 
 his Accession to the Throne,' 1715 ; 
 ' The Cruel Gift ' (with Rowe), 1717 
 (prod. Drury Lane, 1716); 'A Bold 
 Stroke for a Wife' (with Mottley), 
 1718 (prod. Drury Lane, 1718) ; ' The 
 Artifice,' 1721 (prod. Drury Lane, 
 1722). 
 
 Collected Worhs: in 3 vols., with 
 life, 1761 (2nd edn., 1872). 
 
CHAMBERS 
 
 51 
 
 CHAMBERS (Bobert), 1802-1871. 
 Bora, in Peebles, 10 July 1802. Edu- 
 cated at Burgh and Grammar schools 
 there. Family removed to Edinburgh, 
 Dec. 1813. He followed and went to 
 school there, 1814-15. Taught in 
 Portobello for a time, 1816. Two 
 clerkships for short periods, 1817. 
 Started book-shop in Leith Walk, 1818. 
 Moved to India Place, 1823. Started 
 ' The Kaleidoscope ' with his brother, 6 
 Oct. 1821. Edited it till 12 Jan. 1822. 
 Made acquaintance of Scott, and en- 
 gaged in literary work. Published 
 various works. Married Anne Kirk- 
 wood, 7 Dec. 1829. Established 
 ' Chambers's Journal,' with his brother 
 William, 4 Feb. 1832. Started with 
 him publishing firm of W. and R. 
 Chambers, 1833. Fellow of Royal Soc. 
 of Edinburgh, 1840. Received free- 
 dom of Peebles, 1841. Moved to St. 
 Andrews, 1841. F.G.S., 1844. Re- 
 turned to Edinburgh, 1844. Visit to 
 Switzerland, 1848 ; to Norway, 1849 ; 
 to Iceland, 1855 ; to U.S.A.^ 1860. 
 Settled in London, March 1861. 
 LL.D., St. Andrews, 1861. Elected 
 member of Athenaeum Club, 1860. 
 Visit to France and Belgium, 1862. 
 Wife and daughter died, Sept. 1863. 
 Married Mrs. Frith, Jan. 1867 ; she 
 died, 18 Jan. 1870. Hon. LL.D., St. 
 Andrews, 1868. Died, at St. An- 
 drews, 17 March 1871. 
 
 Works : * Illustrations of the Author 
 of Waverley,' 1822 ; ' Traditions of 
 Edinburgh ' (2 vols.), 1823 ; * Fires 
 which have occurred in Edinburgh,' 
 1824 ; * Walks in Edinburgh,' 1825 ; 
 
 * Popular Rhymes of Scotland,' 1826 ; 
 
 * Picture of Scotland' (2 vols.), 1827 ; 
 
 * History of the Rebellion in Scotland 
 . . . 1638 till 1660' (2 vols.), 1828 ; 'His- 
 tory of the Rebellion in Scotland in 
 1745-46 ' (2 vols.), 1828 ; ' The Scot- 
 tish Ballads,' 1829; *The Scottish 
 Songs,' 1829 ; ' History of the Re- 
 bellions in Scotland ... in 1689 and 
 1715,' 1829 ; ' Scottish Jests and 
 Anecdotes' [1830?]; 'The Life of 
 King James I.' (2 vols.), 1830 ; ' Bio- 
 graphical Diet, of Eminent Scotsmen ' 
 (4 vols.), 1832-35 ; • Gazetteer of 
 Scotland ' (with W. Chambers), 1832 ; 
 
 ' Poems ' (privately printed), 1835 ; 
 ♦Life of Sir Walter Scott' [1835?] 
 'History of the English Language and 
 Literature,' 1836 ; 'The Land of Burns ' 
 (with Prof. Wilson), 1840; 'Popular 
 Rhymes ... of Scotland ' (anon.), 1842 ; 
 'Vestiges of the Natural History of 
 Creation ' (anon.), 1844 ; * Cyclopaedia 
 of English Literature' (with R. Car- 
 ruthers ; 2 vols.), 1844; 'Romantic 
 Scotch Ballads,' 1844 ; * Explanation ; 
 a sequel to "Vestiges, etc.,"' 1845 ; 
 'Select Writings' (7 vols.), 1847; 
 ♦Ancient Sea Margins,' 1848; 'The 
 History of Scotland, 1849 ; ' Life and 
 Works of Robert Burns,' 1851 ; 
 'Tracings of the North of Europe,' 
 1851; 'Tracings in Iceland and the 
 Faroe Islands,' 1856 ; ' Domestic 
 Annals of Scotland from the Reforma- 
 tion to the Revolution ' (2 vols.), 1858 ; 
 ♦ Domestic Annals of Scotland from 
 the Revolution to the Rebellion of 
 1745,' 1861 ; 'Edinburgh Papers,' pt. 
 i.-v., 1859-61; 'Songs of Scotland 
 prior to Burns,' 1862 ; ♦ Book of Days ' 
 (2 vols.), 1862, 64 ; 'Essays, Familiar 
 and Humorous' (from ♦Chambers's 
 Journal'), 1866; 'Life of Smollett,' 
 1867. 
 
 Posthumous : ' The Threiplands of 
 Fingask,' 1880. 
 
 He edited: Bishop Forbes' 'Jaco- 
 bite Memoirs of the Rebellion of 1745,' 
 1834; J. Currie's 'Life of Burns,' 
 1838 ; Burns' ' Poetical Works,' 
 1838, and 'Prose Works,' 1839 ; Sir 
 William Forbes' ' Memoirs of a Bank- 
 ing House,' 1860 ; and published, with 
 his brother, ' Chambers's Information 
 for the People,' 1835 ; ' Chambers's 
 Miscellany,' 1869, etc. ; ' Chambers's 
 Encyclopaedia ' (10 vols.), 1859-68 ; 
 and started ' Chambers's Educational 
 Course,' 1835. 
 
 Life : ♦ Memoir,' by W. Chambers, 
 13th edn. 1884. 
 
 CHAMBERS (William), 1800-1883. 
 Born, at Peebles, 16 April 1800. At 
 Burgh and Grammar schools there. 
 With family to Edinburgh, Dec. 1813. 
 Apprenticed to bookseller, 8 May 1814 
 to May 1819. Settled as bookseller 
 iu Leith Walk, close to his brother's 
 i— 2 
 
62 
 
 CHAPMAN 
 
 late shop, May 1819. Bought printing 
 press. Printed * The Kaleidoscope,' 
 which his brother Robert edited 6 Oct. 
 1821 to 12 Jan. 1822. Removed to 
 Broughton Street, 1823. Established 
 
 * Chambers's Journal ' with his brother 
 Robert, Feb. 1832. Started with him 
 publishing firm of W. and R. Chambers, 
 1833. Married Harriet Beddon Clark, 
 4 June 1833. Edited 'Chambers's 
 Historical Newspaper,' 1836. Visit 
 to Holland, 1838 ; to Germany, 1848 ; 
 to U.S.A., 1853. Received freedom 
 of Peebles, 1841. Presented Peebles 
 with the Chambers Institution, opened 
 9 Aug. 1859. Lord Provost of Edin- 
 burgh, 1865-69. Hon. LL.D., Edin., 
 1872. Active promoter of Edinburgh 
 improvements ; and of scheme for 
 restoration of St. Giles's Church (re- 
 opened 23 May 1883). Attended levee 
 at St. James's Palace, 2 May 1866. 
 Declined ofifer of Knighthood, 1881. 
 Accepted offer of Baronetcy, May 
 1883 ; but died, at St. Andrews, before 
 title could be bestowed, 20 May 1883. 
 Buried in St. Andrew's Churchyard. 
 
 Worka : * The Life and Anecdotes of 
 David Ritchie' (privately printed), 
 1820; 'A History of the Gipsies' 
 (printed by himself), 1821 ; ' The Book 
 of Scotland,' 1830; 'Gazetteer of 
 Scotland' (with R. Chambers), 1832; 
 
 • Tour in Holland,' 1839 ; 'Truth and 
 Trust' (anon.), 1848 ; ' Glenormiston,' 
 1849 ; 'Fiddy,' 1851 ; ' Things as they 
 are in America,' 1854 ; 'Peebles and 
 its Neighbourhood,' 1856 ; 'American 
 Slavery and Colour,' 1857; 'Youths' 
 Companion,' 1858 [1857] ; 'Something 
 of Italy,' 1862 ; ' History of Peebles- 
 shire,' 1864 ; ' Chambers's Historical 
 Questions,' 1865; 'France,' 1866; 
 
 * About Railways,' 1866 ; ' Chambers's 
 Miscellaneous Questions,' 1866 ; 
 
 ♦ Sketches, light and descriptive,' 1866 ; 
 •Wintering at Mentone,' 1870 ; ' Ailie 
 Gilroy,' 1872; 'Memoir of Robert 
 Chambers,' 1872; 'Biography Ex- 
 emplary and Instructive,' 1873; 'A 
 Week at Welwyn,' 1873; 'Kindness 
 to Anunals,' 1877; 'Stories of Old 
 Families' (2 vols.), 1878 ; 'Stories of 
 Remarkable Persons,' 1878 ; ' Story of 
 ft Long and Busy Life,' 1882. 
 
 He edited: 'Poems for Young 
 People,' 1851 ; ' Chambers's Social 
 Science Tracts,' nos. 1-6, 1860 ; new 
 edn. of Robert Chambers's ' Life of Sir 
 Walter Scott,' 1871 ; and with hia 
 brother, 'Chambers's Information for 
 the People,' 1833 ; ' Chambers's Mis- 
 cellany,' 1869, etc. ; 'Chambers's En- 
 cyclopaedia' (10 vols.), 1859-68 ; and 
 started ' Chambers's Educational 
 Course,' 1835. 
 
 Lije : in ' Memoir of R. Chambers, 
 by himself, 13th edn., 1884. 
 
 CHAPMAN (George), 1559 [?]-1634. 
 
 Born, near Hitchin, 1659 [?]. Educated 
 at Trinity Coll., Oxford [?]. First 
 poems printed, 1594, First part of 
 Homer translation pub., 1598. Pro- 
 lific writer for stage. Died, in London, 
 12 May 1634. Buried in churchyard 
 of St. Giles-in-the-Fields. 
 
 Works : ' Sfcia IUvktoq * (under 
 initials : G.W. Gent.), 1594 ; 'Ovid's 
 Banquet of Sence ' (anon.), 1595; 
 Completion of Marlowe's ' Hero and 
 Leander,' 1598 ; ' The Blind Beggar 
 of Alexandria,' 1598 ; 'Seaven Bookes 
 of the Iliades of Homere,' translated, 
 1598; 'Achilles' Shield' translated, 
 1598 ; ' An Humorous Dayes Mirth ' 
 (under initials : G.C.), 1599 ; 'Eastward 
 Hoe' (with Jonson and Marston), 1605 ; 
 'AH Fools,' 1605; 'The Gentleman 
 Usher,' 1606 ; ' Monsieur d' Olive,' 1606 ; 
 'Sir Gyles Goosecappe' (anon.), 1606 
 (performed 1601); ' Bussy d'Ambois* 
 (anon.), 1607 ; 'The Tragedie of Csesar 
 and Pompey ' (anon.), 1607 ; ' The 
 Conspiracie and Tragedie of Charles, 
 Duke of Byron,' 1608 (performed 1605); 
 'Euthymiss Raptus,' 1609; 'The 
 Iliades of Homer ' (complete), [1611]; 
 •May Day,' 1611; 'The Widowes 
 Teares' ("by Geor. Chap."), 1612; 
 Translation of Petrarch's 'Seven Peni- 
 tentiall Psalms,' 1612; 'An Epicede* 
 (anon. ), 1612 ; ' The Revenge of Bussy 
 d'Ambois,' 1613 ; 'Memorable Masque,' 
 1614; 'Eugenia,' 1614; 'Andromeda 
 Liberata,' 1614 ; ' Twenty Four Bookes 
 of Homere's Odisses translated,' 1614 ; 
 Iliad and Odyssey translations to- 
 gether, 1616 ; ' Divine Poem ' of 
 Musaeus translated, 1617 ; Hesiod'^ 
 
CHATTERTON—CHAUCER 
 
 63 
 
 'GeorgJcks' translated, 1G18 ; 'Two 
 Wise Men' (anon.)i 1619 ; 'Pro Vere 
 Autumni Lacbrymse,' 1622 ; 'A Justi 
 fication of a Strange Action of Nero,' 
 1629 ; Homer's ' Batrachomyomachia ' 
 translated, 1624; 'The Warres of 
 Pompey and Caesar* (anon.), 1631. 
 
 Posthumous: 'The Ball' (with Shir- 
 ley), 1639 (acted 1632) ; 'The Tragedy 
 of Chabot' (with Shirley), 1639 (acted 
 1635) ; • The Tragedy of Alphonsus, 
 Emperor of Germany,' 1654 ; 'Revenge 
 for Honour,' 1654. 
 
 He contributed verses to : Jones's 
 ' Neunio,' 1595 ; Jonson's ' Sejanus,' 
 1605, and ' Volpone,' 1606 ; Fletcher's 
 * Faithful Shepherdesse,' 1610 [ ? ] ; 
 'Parthenia,' 1611 ; Field's 'A Woman 
 is a Weathercock,' 1612. 
 
 Collected Works: in 3 vols., 1874-75. 
 
 CHATTEETON (Thomas), 1752- 
 1770. Bom, at Bristol, 20 Nov. 1752. 
 Educated at Colston's Hospital, 
 Bristol, Aug. 1760 to July 1767. First 
 poems printed in 'Farley's Bristol 
 Journal,' 1763 and 1764. Apprenticed 
 to a Bristol attorney, July 1767, First 
 of ' Rowley ' poems written, 1768. 
 Success with pseudo-antique poems. 
 Apprentice indentures cancelled, April 
 1770. Left Bristol for London, 24 
 April 1770. Contributed to various 
 periodicals, but resources gradually 
 failed. Only one poem separately 
 printed in lifetime. Committed suicide, 
 25 Aug. 1770. Buried in Shoe Lane 
 Workhouse Churchyard. Afterwards 
 transferred to graveyard in Gray's 
 Inn Road. 
 
 Works: 'An Elegy on the much 
 lamented death of William Beckford, 
 Esq.' (anon.), 1770. 
 
 Posthumous: 'The Execution of 
 Sir Charles Baldwin' (ed. by T. Eagles), 
 1772 ; ' Poems supposed to have been 
 written at Bristol, by Thomas Rowley 
 and others' (ed. by T. Tyrwhitt), 
 1777 (2nd edn., same year) ; 'Miscel- 
 lanies in Prose and Verse ' (ed. 
 by J. Broughton), 1778; 'Rowley' 
 poems, ed. by Dean Milles, 1782 ; 
 Supplement to 'Miscellanies,' 1784 ; 
 'Rowley' poems, ed. by L. Sharpe, 
 1794; 'The Revenge,' 1795. 
 
 Poetical Works: in 1 vol., 1795; 
 in 3 vols., 1803 ; in 2 vols., 1875 ; in 1 
 vol., 1885. 
 
 L>Je : by Gregory, 1789 ; by Davis 
 (with letters), 1806 ; by Dix, 1837 ; 
 by Wilson, 1869, and memoirs in 
 edns. of works. 
 
 CHAUCER (Geoflfrey), 1340[]]-1400. 
 Born, in London [?], 1340 [?]. Page 
 in household of Duke of Clarence, 
 1357. Took part in King's expedition 
 into France, 1359 ; taken prisoner in 
 Brittany. Was * Valettus ' to the 
 King in 1631. Pension of 20 marks 
 granted him by King, June 1367 ; 
 Yeoman of King's Chamber at that 
 time. Abroad again, 1369 and 1370. 
 To Italy on Commission respecting 
 commercial treaty, Dec. 1372to auttunn 
 of 1373. Married, 1374 [?]. Grant of 
 daily pitcher of wine (afterwards com 
 muted to second pension of 20 marks), 
 23 April 1374. Comptroller of Customs, 
 8 June 1374. Pension of £10 granted 
 him by Duke of Lancaster, 13 June 
 1374. Two custodianships, 1375. On 
 secret service with Sir John Burley, 
 1376 ; with Sir Thomas Percy in 
 Flanders, 1377 j in France and Italy, 
 1378 and 1379. Second Comptroller- 
 ship of Customs, 1382. Knight of the 
 Shire for Kent, 1386. Deprived of 
 Comptrollerships, 1386. ' Canterbury 
 Tales ' probably written, 1387 to 1393. 
 Financial difficulties ; sold pensions. 
 May 1388. Appointed Clerk of 
 King's Works, 1389 ; superseded, 1391. 
 Probally Forester of North Petherton 
 Park, Somersetshire, 1391-98. Grant 
 of £20 a year for life from King 
 Richard II., 1394 ; of 40 marks from 
 King Henry IV., 1399. Took lease 
 of house in Westminster, Christmas 
 Eve, 1399. Died, 25 Oct. 1400. 
 Buried in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works : ' Assembly of Fowls,' first 
 printed, 1478 ; ' Canterbury Tales,' 
 first printed by Caxton, 1478 [?], by 
 Pynson, 1493 [?], by Wynken de 
 Worde, 1498 ; ' Troilus and Cressida,' 
 first printed (anon.), 1482 [?J ; « The 
 House [or 'Book'] of Fame,' first 
 printed by Caxton, 1486 [?] ; Chaucer's 
 translation of Boethius' 'De Conso- 
 
54 
 
 CHESTERFIELD— CHURCHILL 
 
 latione Philosophise,' first printed, 
 1490 (?). 
 
 Collected WorTcs : earliest, 1532, 
 1542, etc. ; latest (Kelmscott Press), 
 1896. 
 
 Life: by Godwin, 2nd edn., 1804; 
 memoirs in various edns. of works. 
 
 CHESTERFIELD [Philip Dormer 
 Stanhope], 4th Earl of, 1694-1773. 
 Born, in London, 22 Sept. 1694. Early 
 education at home. To Trinity Hall, 
 Cambridge, 1712 ; M.A., 1714. Visit 
 to the Hague and Paris, 1714. Ap- 
 pointed Gentleman of the Bedchamber 
 to the Prince of Wales, 1715. M.P. 
 for St. Germains, Cornwall, 1715 ; 
 entered House of Commons as Lord 
 Stanhope of Shelford, while still a 
 minor. First speech, 5 Aug. 1715. 
 To avoid consequence of discovery of 
 his having been elected during his 
 minority, returned to Paris. Re- 
 turned to England and to Parliament 
 early in 1716. Appointed Captain of 
 Gentlemen Pensioners, 1723 ; resigned, 
 or was dismissed from post, 1725. 
 Refused Order of Bath, 1725. Suc- 
 ceeded to earldom on his father's 
 death, 1726. Appointed Ambassador 
 at the Hague, April 1728 ; arrived 
 there, 5 May, Visit to England on 
 leave, Oct. 1729. Knight of the 
 Garter, May 1730 ; Lord Steward, 
 June 1730. Returned to the Hague, 
 Aug. 1730. Signed second Treaty of 
 Vienna, 16 March 1731. Recalled 
 from Embassy, 1732. Dismissed from 
 post of Lord Steward in consequence 
 of opposition to Walpole's Excise Bill, 
 April 1733. Married Melosina de 
 Schoulenbourg, Baroness of Aid- 
 borough and Countess of Walsingham, 
 5 Sept. 1733. Contrib. to 'Fog's 
 Journal,' 1736. Contrib. to 'Com- 
 mon Sense,' 1737-39. ' Letters to his 
 Son' written, 1738-68. Visit to France, 
 1741. Contrib. to 'Old England,' 
 1743. On special mission as Am- 
 bassador to the Hague, Jan. to May, 
 1745. To Dublin as Lord Lieutenant 
 of Ireland, June 1745. Returned to 
 England, April 1746. Exchanged 
 Lord Lieutenancy for Secretaryship of 
 State, Nov. 1746 ; resigned the latter, 
 
 Feb. 1748. Life of retirement begun. 
 Declined Presidentship of Council, 
 Dec. 1750. Brought about reforma- 
 tion of Calendar, 1751. Contrib. to 
 'The World,' 1753-54. Refused to 
 resume Lord Lieutenancy of Ireland, 
 1754. Member of Academic des 
 Belles Lettres of Paris, Aug. 1755. 
 Last appearance in House of Lords, 
 10 Dec. 1755. Effected combination 
 between Duke of Newcastle and Pitt, 
 1757. Letters to his godson and heir, 
 Philip Stanhope, written 1761-70. 
 Son died, 16 Nov. 1768. Died, at 
 Blackheath, 24 March 1773. 
 
 Works : * The Case of the Hanover 
 Forces in the Pay of Great Britain 
 . . . examined ' (with E. Waller ; 
 anon. ), 1743 ; ' A Vindication of a late 
 pamphlet intituled, " The Case of the 
 Hanover Troops," etc' (anon.), 1743 ; 
 ' A Farther Vindication of the Case 
 of the Hanover Troops ' (anon.), 1743 ; 
 ' An Apology for a late Resignation ' 
 [anon., 1748]; 'The CEconomy of 
 Human Life' (anon. ; by Chester- 
 field [?], or R. Dodsley [?]), 1751. 
 
 Posthumous : * Letters to his Son ' 
 (2 vols.), 1774; 'Miscellaneous 
 Works ' (with memoir by Maty, 2 
 vols.), 1777 ; * Characters of Eminent 
 Personages of his own Time,' 1777 ; 
 'Supplement' to his Letters, 1777; 
 ' The World ' (under pseud, of ' Adam 
 FitzAdam,' by Chesterfield and others), 
 1782 ; 'The Art of Pleasing,' 1783 ; 
 ' Letters to his Heir,' 1783 ; ' Genuine 
 Memoirs of Asiaticus,' 1784. 
 
 Life: by W. Ernst, 1893. 
 
 CHURCHILL (Charles), 1731-1764. 
 Born, in Westminster, Feb. 1731. 
 Educated at Westminster School, 
 1739-49 [?]. Made a 'Fleet marriage' 
 with Miss Scot, 1748. Entered at 
 Trinity Coll., Cambridge, 1749, but 
 did not take up residence. Ordained 
 Curate to South Cadbury, Somerset- 
 shire, 1753. Ordained Priest, 1756 ; 
 took curacy under his father at Rain- 
 ham. Succeeded father at his death to 
 curacy and lectureship of St. John's, 
 Westminster. Added to small income 
 by tuition. Separation from his wife, 
 Feb. 1761. Contrib. to 'The Library,' 
 
GIBBER— CLARENDON 
 
 55 
 
 1761. Resigned lectureship in conse- 
 quence of protests of parishioners, 
 Jan. 1763. Assisted Wilkes in editing 
 ♦ The North Briton/ 1762-63. Copi- 
 ous publication of satires and poems. 
 At Oxford during Commemoration, 
 
 1763. Died, at Boulogne, 4 Nov. 
 
 1764. Buried in St. Martin's Church- 
 yard, Dover. 
 
 Works: 'The Rosciad ' (anon.), 
 1761 ; * The Apology, addressed to 
 the Critical Reviewers,' 1761 ; 'Night' 
 (anon.), 1761; 'The Ghost,' bks. i., 
 ii. (anon.), 1762 ; bk. iii., 1762 ; bk. 
 iv., 1763 ; 'The Prophecy of Famine,' 
 1763 ; 'The Conference,' 1763 ; 'An 
 Epistle to W. Hogarth,' 1763 ; ' The 
 Author,' 1763 ; 'Poems,' 1763 ; ' Go- 
 tham,' 1761; 'The Duellist," 1764 
 (2nd edn. same year); 'The Candi- 
 date,' 1764 ; 'The Times' (anon.), 1764 ; 
 'Independence' (anon.), 1764; 'The 
 Farewell' (anon.), 1764. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Sermons ' (possibly 
 by his father), 1765. 
 
 Collected Works: in 4 vols., 1765 ; in 
 4 vols., 1774 ; in 2 vols., with life, 1804. 
 
 CIBBER (Colley), Poet Laureate. 
 1671-1767. Born, in London, 6 Nov. 
 1671. Educated at Grantham Free 
 School, 1682-87. Not long after en- 
 listing in forces of Earl of Devonshire 
 he abandoned army, and in 1690 went 
 to London and joined company of 
 Theatre Royal. First appeared as 
 an actor, 1691 ; at Theatre Royal, 
 1691-95. Married Miss Shore, 1692. 
 Followed Betterton to new theatre in 
 Little Lincoln's Inn Fields, 1695. 
 Wrote prologue for opening of theatre. 
 His first play ' Love's Last Shift ' pro- 
 duced there, Jan. 1696. At Hay- 
 market, 1706-08. At Drury Lane, 
 1708-32. Share in patent of Drury 
 Lane, March 1708. Concerned with 
 management of Haymarket, 1709-10 ; 
 of Drury Lane, 1710-33. Appointed 
 Poet Laureate, 3 Dec. 1730. Retired 
 from stage, 1733. Reappeared on 
 one or two occasions afterwards ; last 
 appearance, 15 Feb. 1745. Died, 12 
 Dec. 1757. Buried in vault of Danish 
 Church (now British and Foreign 
 S^kilors' Church), Whitechapel. 
 
 Works : * Love's Last Shift,' 1694 ; 
 ' A Poem on the Death of Queen Mary,' 
 1695 ; ' Woman's Wit,' 1697 (another 
 edn., under title of ' The School- 
 boy,' anon., 1707); 'Xerxes,' 1699; 
 acting version of Shakespeare's ' King 
 Richard III.,' 1700 ; ' Love makes a 
 Man,' 1701; 'She Would and she 
 Would not,' 1703 ; * The Careless Hus- 
 band,' 1705 ; ' Perolla and Izadora/ 
 1706 ; ' The Comical Lovers' (anon.), 
 1707; 'The Double Gallant,' 1707; 
 ♦The Lady's Last Stake,' [1708]; 
 ' The Rival Fools,' [1709] ; ' Cinna's 
 Conspiracy' (anon.; attributed to 
 Gibber), 1713 ; ' Myrtillo,' 1715 
 ' Hob ; or the Country Wake,' 1715 
 'Venus and Adonis,' 1716; 'The 
 Non-Juror,' 1718; 'Ximena,' 1718 
 ♦Plays' (2 vols.), 1721; 'The Re 
 fusal,' 1721 ; ♦ Caesar in ^gypt,' 1725 
 ' The Provoked Husband ' (with Van 
 brugh), 1728 ; ♦ The Rival Queans, 
 1729 ; ' Love in a Riddle,' 1719 [1729] 
 
 * Damon and Phillida ' (anon., founded 
 on preceding), 1729 ; * A Journey to 
 London ' (adapted from Vanbrugh), 
 1730 ; ♦An Ode for His Majesty's 
 Birth-Day,' 1731 ; * An Ode to His 
 Majesty for the New Year,' 1731 ; 
 'Chuck,' 1736; 'Apology,' 1740; 
 
 * A Letter ... to Mr. Pope,' 1742 ; 
 ' The Egotist ; or, Colley upon Gibber,' 
 1743 ; 'Another Occasional Letter to 
 Mr. Pope,' 1744 ; ♦ Papal Tyranny in 
 the Reign of King John ' (founded on 
 Shakespeare's ' King John '), 1745 ; 
 
 * The Temple of Dulness ' (anon. ; 
 attributed to Gibber), 1745; ♦The 
 Character and the Conduct of Cicero,' 
 1747 ; ♦ The Lady's Lecture,' 1748. 
 
 Dramatic Works: in 4 vols., 1760. 
 
 CLARENDON [Edward Hyde], Earl 
 of, 1609-1674. Born, at Dinton, Wilts, 
 18 Feb. 1609. Early education at 
 home. Matric. Magdalen Hall, Ox- 
 ford, 31 Jan. 1623 ; B.A., 14 Feb. 
 1626. Entered at Middle Temple, 
 1625 ; called to Bar, 22 Nov. 1633. 
 Married Anne Ayliflfe, 1629 ; she died 
 1630. Concerned in production of 
 Masque by Inns of Court, Feb. 1634. 
 Married Frances Aylesbury, 10 July 
 1634. Keeper of Writs and Rolls o^ 
 
56 
 
 CLARKE 
 
 Common Pleas, Dec. 1634. M.P. for 
 Wootton Bassett in Short Parliament, 
 April to May, 1640 ; for Saltash in 
 Long Parliament, 1640. Active poli- 
 tical life, till expelled from House of 
 Commons, 11 Aug. 1642. Lived in 
 All Souls' Coll., Oxford, Oct. 1642 to 
 March 1645. Knighted and appointed 
 Privy Councillor, 22 Feb. 1643 ; Chan- 
 cellor of Exchequer, 3 March 1643 to 
 1660. Brought about the summoning 
 of the Oxford Parliament, Dec. 1643. 
 To Jersey with Prince of Wales, April 
 1646. Occupied himself writing his 
 'History of the Rebellion.' After 
 death of Charles I. went on embassy 
 to Spain, Nov. 1694 to March 1651. 
 Joined Charles II. at Paris, Nov. 
 1651. Sec. of State, Nov. 1651 to 
 Aug. 1654 ; Lord Chancellor, Jan. 
 1658 to 1667. Entered London with 
 King at Restoration, 1 June 1660. 
 High Steward of Cambridge Univ., 
 
 1660. Chancellor of Oxford Univ., 
 Oct. 1660 to Dec. 1667. Raised to 
 Peerage as Baron Hyde of Hindon, 3 
 Nov. 1660 ; created Viscount Corn- 
 bury and Earl of Clarendon, 20 April 
 
 1661. Unsuccessfully charged with 
 high treason, 10 July 1663. Deprived 
 of Great Seal, 30 Aug. 1667. To avoid 
 impeachment for high treason, was al- 
 lowed to retire to Calais, 29 Nov. 1667. 
 To Rouen, 25 Dec. 1667 ; returned to 
 Calais, 21 Jan. 1668. To Bourbon, 
 April 1668 ; to Avignon, Junel668 ; at 
 Montpelier, July 1668 to June 1671; 
 at Moulins, June 1671 to May 1674 ; 
 to Rouen, May 1674. Active liter- 
 ary work during his exile. Died, at 
 Rouen, 9 Dec. 1674. Buried in 
 Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works : ' Speech at a Conference 
 between both Houses,' 1641 ; * Argu- 
 ment before the Lords,' 1641 ; 'Tran- 
 scendent and Multiplied Rebellion . . . 
 discovered' (anon.), 1645; 'A Full 
 Answer to an infamous and trayter- 
 ous Pamphlet' (anon.), 1648; 'A 
 Letter from a true and lawful Mem- 
 ber of Parliament' (anon.), 1656; 
 ' Narrative of the Settlement of Ire- 
 land,' 1668 ; ' Animadversions upon a 
 book intituled, Fanaticism fanatically 
 imputed to the Catholick Church ' 
 
 (anon.), 1674; 'Second Thoughts' 
 (anon.), n.d. 
 
 Posthumous: *A Brief View and 
 Survey of . . . Mr. Hobbes's Book, 
 entitled Leviathan,' 1676 ; ' History 
 of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in 
 England' (3 vols.), 1702-04 ; Supple- 
 ment to preceding, 1717 ; ' History of 
 the Rebellion and Civil Wars in Ire- 
 land,' 1720 ; ' A Collection of Several 
 Tracts,' 1727; 'An Essay on an 
 Active and Contemplative Life,' 1765 ; 
 'Religion and Policy,' 1811 ; ' Essays, 
 Moral and Entertaining,' 1815, 
 
 ' Life and Letters,' by T. H. Lister, 
 3 vols., 1838. 
 
 CLARKE (Charles Cowden), 1787- 
 1877. Born, 15 Dec. 1787, at Enfield, 
 where his father kept a school. Edu- 
 cated th§re ; early acquaintance with 
 Keats. Parents removed to Rams- 
 gate [1810 ?]. Several visits to Lon- 
 don early in life. Made acquaintance 
 of Leigh Hunt, Shelley, Hazlitt, 
 Charles and Mary Lamb. Contrib. 
 to Leigh Hunt's ' Pocket Book,' 1820. 
 At father's death, settled in London 
 as bookseller and publisher, 1820. 
 Entered partnership with Alfred No- 
 vello. Married Mary Victoria No- 
 vello, 5 July 1828. Contrib. to 
 'Atlas,' 'Temple Bar,' 'Examiner,' 
 'Gentleman's Magazine,' 'Tatler,' 
 •London Journal,' etc., and published 
 various works. Lectured on Shake- 
 speare at various times, 1834 - 56. 
 Wrote several works with wife. At 
 Nice, 1856-61. Settled in Genoa, 
 1861. Died there, 13 March 1877. 
 Buried in Staglieno Cemetery. 
 
 Works : ' Readings in Natural Phi- 
 losophy,' 1828 ; ' Tales from Chaucer,' 
 1833; 'Adam the Gardener,' 1834; 
 *The Princess Narina,' 1844; 'Per- 
 severance,' 1844 ; ' Carmina Minima,' 
 1859 ; ' Many Happy Returns of the 
 Day ' (with his wife), 1860 ; 'Shake- 
 speare Characters,' 1863 ; 'Moliere's 
 Characters,' 1865 ; 'Idyl of London 
 Streets' (with his wife), 1875; 'Recol- 
 lections of Writers ' (with his wife), 
 1878; 'The Shakespeare Key' (with 
 his wife), 1879. 
 
 He edited : ' The Riches of Chaucer,* 
 
CLARKE— COBBETT 
 
 67 
 
 1835 ; Kichol's Library Edition of 
 British Poets, 1860 ; a number of 
 st'parate edns. of poets' works ; Chau- 
 cer's • Canterbury Tales,' 1875 ; and 
 (with his wife) Shakespeare's Plays, 
 1864 and 1869. 
 
 CLARKE (Mary Victoria Cowden), 
 b. 1809. [Wife of preceding.] Born 
 [Mary Victoria Novello], 22 June 1809, 
 in London. Spent some years at 
 Boulogne. Governess in private 
 family, 1819-20. Married to Charles 
 Cowden Clarke, 5 July 1828. Lived 
 in London, engaged in literary work, 
 1828-56. At Nice, 1856-61. Set- 
 tled in Grenoa, 1861. Husband died 
 there, 1877. Since his death has lived 
 with her sister in Genoa. Various 
 visits to England, Germany, Austria, 
 and Switzerland, 1877-91. Has con- 
 tributed to * Athenaeum,' * All the 
 Year Round,' ' National Magazine,' 
 'Atlantic Monthly,' 'Ladies' Com- 
 panion,' ' Sharpe's London Magazine,' 
 'British Journal,' 'Monthly Chronicle,' 
 'People's Journal,' 'Hone's Table 
 Book,' ' Manchester Examiner,' ' Tem- 
 ple Bar,' 'Musical Times,' 'Century 
 Magazine,' ' St. Nicholas Magazine,' 
 'Merry England,' 'Girl's Own 
 Paper.' 
 
 Works : ' Complete Concordance to 
 Shakespeare,' 1845 ; ' Shakespeare 
 Proverbs,' 1848 ; ' Kit Barn's Adven- 
 tures,' 1849 ; ' The Girlhood of Shake- 
 speare's Heroines' (3 vols.), 1851-52 
 (abridged edn., 1879); 'The Iron 
 Cousin,' 1854; 'The Song of Drop 
 o' Wather,' 1856; 'World -Noted 
 Women,' 1858; 'Many Happy Re- 
 tiarns of the Day ' (with her husband), 
 1860; 'The Life and Labours of 
 Vincent Novello,' 1864 ; ' The Trust,' 
 1873; 'A Rambling Story,' 1874; 
 'Idyl of London Streets' (with her 
 husband), 1875 ; 'Recollections of Wri- 
 ters ' (with her husband), 1878 ; 'The 
 Shakespeare Key' (with her husband), 
 1879 ; ♦ Honey from the Weed,' 1881 ; 
 •Verse- Waifs,' 1883; 'A Score of 
 Sonnets to one Object,' 1884 ; * Shake- 
 speare's Self,' 1885 ; ' Uncle, Peep, 
 and I,' 1886 ; ' Centennial Biographic 
 Sketch of Charles Cowden Clarke,' 
 
 1887; 'Memorial Sonnets,* 1888; 
 * My Long Life ' (autobiography), 
 1896. 
 
 She has edited: Shakespeare's 
 Plays, 1860 (with her husband, 18G4 
 and 1869). 
 
 CLEMENS (Samuel langhorne). 
 See Twain (Mark). 
 
 CLOUGH (Arthur Hugh), 1819-1861. 
 Born, at Liverpool, 1 Jan. 1819. 
 Educated at a school at Chester, Nov. 
 1828 to summer 1829; at Rugby, 
 1829-37. Scholarship at Balliol Coli,, 
 Oxford, Nov. 1836 ; took up resi- 
 dence, Oct. 1837; B.A., 21 Mav 
 1841 ; M.A., 26 Oct. 1843. Fellow- 
 ship at Oriel Coll., 1842-48 ; Tutor, 
 1843 to Oct. 1848. Visit to Paris with 
 Emerson, May 1848. In Rome, 
 winter of 1848 to July 1849. Principal 
 of University Hall, London, Oct. 1849 
 to 1851. Friendship with Carlyle. 
 Prof, of English Literature, Univ. 
 Coll., London, 1850. To Boston, Mass., 
 Oct. 1852. Took pupils in America. 
 Returned to England, July 1853. Ex- 
 aminership in Education Dept. of 
 Privy Council Office, 1853. Married 
 Blanche Smith, June 1854. To France 
 and Vienna as Sec. to Commission r.f 
 Report on Military Education, 1856. 
 Health began to fail, 1860. To Greece, 
 Pyrenees, and Italy, 1861. Died, at 
 Florence, 13 Nov. 1861. Buried in 
 Protestant Cemetery there. 
 
 Works: 'The Bothie of Tober-na- 
 Vuolich,' 1848 ; ' Ambarvalia ' (with 
 T. Burbidge), 1849 (Clough's share of 
 the work separately issued, same 
 year) ; ' Greek History in a Series of 
 Lives from Plutarch,' 1860, 
 
 He edited : Dryden's * Plutarch's 
 Lives,' 1859. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Poems, with Memoir,' 
 ed. by F. T. Palgrave, 1862 ; 
 ' Letters and Remains ' (privately 
 printed), 1865 ; ' Poems and Prose 
 Remains,' with selected Letters and 
 Memoir, edited by his wife (2 vols.), 
 1869. 
 
 Life : by S. Waddington, 1883. 
 
 COBBETT (William), 1762-1835. 
 Born, at Farnham, 9 March 1762. 
 
58 
 
 COBBETT 
 
 Early life spent in agricultural work. 
 To London, May 1783, as attorney's 
 clerk. Enlisted in 54th Regt., 1784. 
 Joined regiment in Nova Scotia, 1785. 
 Discharge, 1791. Married Ann Reid, 
 5 Feb. 1792. To St. Omer, March 
 1792. To Philadelphia, Oct. 1792 ; 
 engaged in teaching. Edited 'The 
 Censor,' Jan. 1796 to Jan. 1797 ; 'Por- 
 cupine's Gazette,' March 1797 to Dec. 
 
 1799. Took Federal side in politics. 
 Started business as bookseller, July 
 1796. To New York, 1797. Edited 
 ' The Rushlight ' there, Feb. to April, 
 
 1800. To England, June 1800. Ed. 
 
 * The Porcupine in London,' Oct. 
 1800 to Nov. 1801. Kept bookshop in 
 Piccadilly, 1801-03. Edited 'Oobbett's 
 Weekly Political Register,' Jan. 
 1802 to June 1835. Active in cause of 
 Reform. Started * Parliamentary 
 Debates,' 1803 (taken over by Hansard, 
 1812). Edited ' Oobbett's Spirit of the 
 London Journals,' 1804. Settled at 
 Botley, Hampshire, 1805. Started 
 
 * Oobbett's Oomplete Collection of 
 State Trials,' 1809. Imprisoned for 
 libel, 1810-12. In America, 1817-19. 
 Returned to London ; edited 'Oobbett's 
 Evening Post,' Jan. to March, 1820. 
 Opened seed-farm at Kensington, 
 1821. Silver medal from See. of Arts, 
 1 823. Unsuccessfully prosecuted for in- 
 citement to sedition, July 1831. M.P. 
 for Oldham 1832. Died, at Normandy 
 Farm, Guildford, 19 June 1835. 
 
 Works: 'The Soldier's Friend' 
 (anon.) 1792; 'Observations on the 
 Emigrationof Dr. J. Priestley' (anon.), 
 1794; 'Le Tuteur Anglais,' 1795; 
 ' A Bone to Gnaw for the Democrats ' 
 (under pseud, of 'Peter Porcupine'), 
 1795 ; 'A Kick for a Bite ' (by ' Peter 
 Porcupine '), 1795 ; ' A Little Plain 
 English ' (by ' Peter Porcupine '), 
 1795 ; 'Life of Thomas Paine ' [1796 ?]; 
 
 * A New Year's Gift to the Democrats ' 
 (by 'Peter Porcupine'), 1796; 'A 
 Prospect from the Congress Gallery ' 
 (by 'Peter Porcupine'), 1796; 'The 
 Bloody Buoy,' 1796 ; ' The Scare- 
 Crow,' 1796; 'The Life and Adven- 
 tures of Peter Porcupine,' 1796 ; ' The 
 Guillotina' (anon.), [1796?]; 'The 
 Democratiad ' (anon.), 1796; 'The 
 
 GrosMousqueton Diplomatique,' 1796 ; 
 ' The Censor ' (8 pts.), 1796-97 ; 'The 
 Republican Judge,' 1797 ; * Detection 
 of a Conspiracy,' 1798; 'Democratic 
 Principles Illustrated ' (by ' Peter 
 Porcupine '), 2 pts. , 1798; 'Remarks 
 on the Explaiiiicion lately Published 
 by Dr. Priestley' (by 'Peter Porcu- 
 pine'), 1799; 'The Trial of Republican- 
 ism,' 1799 ; * A Concise and Compre- 
 hensive History of Prince Suworow's 
 Campaign,' 1800; 'The Rushlight' 
 (by ' Peter Porcupine '), 1800 ; ' Porcu- 
 pine's Works ' (12 vols.), 1801 ; * A 
 Collection of Facts and Observations,' 
 1801; 'Letters to the Rt. Hon. H. 
 Addington,' 1802 (2nd edn. same 
 year) ; * Important Considerations,' 
 1803; 'Oobbett's Weekly Political 
 Register,' 1803-35 ; ' Oobbett's Par- 
 liamentary Debates,' 1803-12 ; ' The 
 Political Proteus' (from 'Political 
 Register'), 1804; 'Parliamentary His- 
 tory of England,' 1806 ; ' Elements of 
 Reform,' 1809; 'Oobbett's Oomplete 
 Collection of State Trials,' 1809, etc. ; 
 ' Porcupine Revived,' 1813 ; ' The 
 Pride of Britannia Humbled,' 1815 ; 
 ' Letters on the late War,' 1815 ; 
 ' Paper against Gold,' 1815 ; ' Addresi? 
 to the Clergy of Massachusetts,' 1815 ; 
 'A Year's Residence in the United 
 States ' (3 pts. ), 1818-19 ;* A Grammar 
 of the English Language,' 1818 ; ' An 
 Answer to the Speech of the Attorney- 
 General,' 1820; 'The American 
 Gardener,' 1821 ; ' Oobbett's Monthly 
 Religious Tracts ' (also called * Oob- 
 bett's Sermons,' 12 pts.), 1821-22; 
 ' Cottage Economy,' 1821 ; ' Links of 
 the Lower House' (anon.), 1821 ; 
 
 • Oobbett's Collective Commentaries,' 
 18-22; 'Oobbett's Gridiron,' 1822; 
 'Reduction no Robbery,' 1822; 
 ' Oobbett's French Grammar,* 1823 ; 
 ' Surplus Population,' 1823 ; * A His- 
 tory of the Protestant Reformation in 
 Englandandlreland,'(2 pts.), 1824-27; 
 'Gold for Ever,' 1825; 'The Wood- 
 lands,' 1825 ; 'Big O and Sir Glory,' 
 
 1825 ; * Oobbett's Poor Man's Friend,' 
 
 1826 ; * The English Gardener,' 1827 ; 
 'A Treatise on Oobbett's Com,' 1828 ; 
 « Facts for the Men of Kent,' 1828 ; 
 
 * A Letter to the Pope,' 1828 ; ' Noble 
 
COLERIDGE 
 
 59 
 
 Nonsense,' 1828 ; 'The Emii:jrant'8 
 Guide,' 1829; 'Advice to Young 
 Men,' 1829; 'Good Friday,' 1830; 
 'Rural Rides' (from 'Polit. Reg.'), 
 1830; 'Eleven Lectures,' 1830; 
 ' Cobbett's Plan of Parliamentary Re- 
 form,' 1830 ; • History of the Regency 
 and Reign of King George IV.' (2 
 vols.), 1830-34 ; 'A Spelling-Book,' 
 1831 ; ' Cobbett's Penny Trash ' (3 
 nos.), 1831; 'Cobbett's Twopenny 
 Trash ' (2 vols.), 1831-32 ; 'Cobbett's 
 Manchester Lectures,' 1832 ; * A 
 Geographical Dictionary of England 
 and Wales,' 1832 ; ' Cobbett's Tour in 
 Scotland' (from 'Polit. Reg.'), 1833 ; 
 ' A New French and English Diction- 
 ary,' 1833 ; ' Life of Andrew Jackson,' 
 1834 ; * Surplus Population, and Poor- 
 Law Bill,' 1835 ; ' Cobbett's Legacy 
 to Labourers,' 1834 ; 'Cobbett's Legacy 
 to Peel,' 1835 ; ' Cobbett's Legacy to 
 Parsons,' 1835 ; ' Cobbett's Opinion of 
 the Whig Ministry,' 1835. 
 
 Posthumous : * Selections ' from his 
 Political Works, ed. by J. M. and 
 J. P. Cobbett (6 vols.), 1835. 
 
 Cobbett translated: "Von Martens' 
 'The Law of Nations,' 1794 ; Moreau 
 de Saint Mery's * Topographical . . . 
 description of . . . Saint Domingo,' 
 1796; 'The Empire of Germany 
 divided into departments,' 1803 ; 
 Sievrac's 'Elements of the Roman 
 History,' 1828. 
 
 He abridged : Auf rere's ' Cannibal's 
 Progress,' 1798 ; wrote appendix to 
 Playfair's 'History of Jacobinism,' 
 1796 ; and introduction to TuU's 
 'Horsehoeing Husbandry,' 1822. 
 
 Life : by R. Huish, 1835 ; by 
 Edward Smith, 1878. 
 
 COLERIDGE (Hartley), 1796 1849. 
 [Eldest son of Samuel Taylor Coleridge 
 (q.v.)], born, at Clevedon, Somerset- 
 shire, 19 Sept. 1796. Educated at 
 Ambleside School. Visit to London, 
 1807. Matric, New Inn Hall, Oxford, 
 6 May 1815 ; B.A., Merton Coll., 
 11 Feb. 1819. Fellow of Oriel Coll., 
 1819-20. Deprived of fellowship on 
 ground of intemperance. In London, 
 1821-23. Returned to Ambleside to 
 engage in tuition. Contrib. occasion- 
 
 ally to ' Blackwood's Mag.,' 1828-31. 
 Tuition abandoned, 1830. Lived in 
 house of Mr. Bingley, a publisher, at 
 Leeds, engaged in literary work, 1831- 
 33. Took up residence at Grasmere. 
 Assistant master at Sedbergh Gram- 
 mar School for two short periods in 
 1837 and 1838. Returned to Gras- 
 mere. Died there, 6 Jan. 1849. 
 
 Works : ' Biograpbia Borealis,' 1833 
 (another edn. entitled 'Lives of 
 Northern Worthies, ' edited by Derwent 
 Coleridge, 1852 ; an extract, published 
 separately as 'Lives of Illustrious 
 Worthies of Yorkshire,' 1835); 
 'Poems,' 1833. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Essays and Margin- 
 alia ' (ed. by Derwent Coleridge), 1851. 
 
 He edited : Massinger and Ford's 
 Dramatic Works, 1840. 
 
 Life: by Derwent Coleridge, in 
 1851 edn. of Hartley Coleridge's 
 ' Poems.' 
 
 COLERIDGE (Samuel Taylor), 1772- 
 1834, Born, at Ottery St. Mary, 
 21 Oct. 1772. Educated at Christ's 
 Hospital, July 1782 to Sept. 1790. 
 Fell in love with Mary Evans, sister of 
 schoolfellow. Sizarship at Jesus Coll. , 
 Cambridge, Feb. 1791; matric, March 
 1792 ; Browne medal for Greek ode, 
 1792 ; foundation scholarship, June 
 1793. To London in winter of 1793. 
 Enlisted in 15th Dragoons, 4 Dec. 1793, 
 under name of Silas Tomkyn Comber- 
 back ; sent to Reading. Discharged, 
 10th April 1794 ; returned to Cam- 
 bridge. In June 1794 visited Oxford 
 and met Southey. During same year 
 became engaged to Sara Fricker, sister- 
 in-law of Robert Lovell. Scheme for 
 * Pantisocracy ' (ideal community in 
 America) formed with Southey, Lovell 
 and George Burnett. Left Cambridge 
 at end of 1794, without degree. 
 Friendship with Charles Lamb begun 
 in London. Contributed verses to 
 'Morning Chronicle,' 1794-95. Re- 
 turned with Southey to Bristol ; end 
 of acquaintance with Mary Evans. 
 In 1795 delivered political lectures in 
 Bristol, and prepared book of poems 
 for Joseph Cottle, bookseller. Married 
 Sara Fricker, 4 Oct. 1795 ; settled at> 
 
60 
 
 COLLIER 
 
 Clevedon. Later in 1795 returned 
 to Bristol. Tour to northern towns in 
 Jan. 1796, to collect subscribers to 
 periodical 'The Watchman.' Only 
 ten numbers of this published. In 
 winter of 1796 settled with Charles 
 Lloyd at Nether Stowey. In 1797 
 received visit from Charles and Man 
 Lamb, and visited Wordsworth in 
 Dorsetshire. Invitation to become 
 Unitarian Minister at Shrewsbury 
 refused, 1798. Contributed * Ancient 
 Mariner' to Lyrical Ballads in 179S. 
 Accepted annuity from Josiah and 
 Thomas Wedgwood, 1798. Son 
 Berkeley born, 30 May 1798. Tour 
 in Germany with Wordsworth, 1798- 
 99. Son Berkeley died 16 Feb. 1799. 
 Keturn to London, Sept. 1799. Con- 
 trib. to 'Morning Post,' 1799 to 1800. 
 Removed to Keswick, July 1800. Use 
 of laudanum begun ; failing health. 
 Swn Derwent born 14 Sept. 1800. 
 Tours in Scotland and Wales, 1802. 
 Daughter Sara born, 22 Dec. 1802. 
 To Malta in April 1804, as secretary 
 to Governor. To Naples and Rome, 
 Dec. 1805. Return to England, Aug. 
 1806. With his family in Bristol, 1807. 
 Acquaintance with De Quincey begun. 
 Lectured at Royal Institution, 1808. 
 To Grasmere with Wordsworth. 'The 
 Friend' published, Aug. 1809 to March 
 1810. To London, 1810. Estrange- 
 ment with his wife. Lectured and 
 contributed to 'Courier,' 1810-13. 
 Drama, * Remorse,' produced at Drury 
 Lane, 23 Jan. 1813. Lectured at 
 Bristol, 1813. Chiefly employed play- 
 writing, and on ' Biographia Literaria,' 
 1814-15. To house of Mr. Gillman at 
 Highgate (where he spent remainder 
 of life), 15 April 1816. Last lectures, 
 early in 1818. Rhine tour with 
 Wordsworths, 1828. Visit to Cam- 
 bridge, 1833. Died, 25 July 1834. 
 
 }Vor1cs: 'Fall of Robespierre' (act!, 
 by Coleridge; acts ii., iii. by Southey), 
 1794; 'Moral and Political Lecture 
 delivered at Bristol,' 1795 ; 'Conciones 
 ad Populum,' 1795 ; ' The Plot Dis- 
 covered,' 1795; 'The Watchman,' 
 1796 ; ' O ^e on the Departing Year,' 
 1796; 'Poems on various subjects,' 
 1796 ; ' Fears in Solitude,' 1798 ; 
 
 'France,' 1798 ; 'Frost at Midnight,' 
 1798 ; 'Ancient Mariner' contributed 
 to Lyrical Ballads,' 1798 ; Poems con- 
 tributed to 'Annual Anthology,' 1800 ; 
 'The Friend,' 1809-10 ; contributions 
 to Southey's 'Omniana,' 1812; 'Re- 
 morse,' 1813; 'Christabel,KiiblaKhan 
 and Pains of Sleep,' 1816; 'The States- 
 man's Manual,' 1816 ; ' Blessed are ye 
 that sow beside all waters : a lay Ser- 
 mon,' 1817 ; 'Biographia Literaria,* 
 1817 ; 'Sibylline Leaves,' 1817; 'Za- 
 polya,' 1817; 'Aids to Reflection in 
 the formation of a Manly Character,' 
 1825 ; * Poetical Works, including 
 Dramas,' 1829 ;' On the Constitution 
 of Church and State,' 1830. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Table Talk,' 1835 ; 
 'Literary Remains,' 1836-38 ; Letters,' 
 ed. by T. Allsop, 1836 ; ' Confessions 
 of an Enquiring Spirit,' 1840 ; 'Treatise 
 on Method ' (from ' Encyclopaedia 
 Metropolitana'), 1845; 'Hints to- 
 wards a formation of a more compre- 
 hensive Theory of Life,' 1848 ; ' Notes 
 and Lectures upon Shakespeare,' 1849 ; 
 ' Essays on his Own Times, forming a 
 second series of "The Friend," ' 1850; 
 ' The Relation of Philosophy to The- 
 ology,' 1851; 'Lay Sermons,' 1852; 
 'Notes upon English Divines,' 1853 ; 
 ' Notes, theological, political and mis- 
 cellaneous, ' 1853 ; ' Anima Poet* ; 
 from the unpublished notebooks of S. 
 T. Coleridge. Ed. by E. H. Coleridge,' 
 1895; 'Letters; edited by E H. Cole- 
 ridge,' 1895. 
 
 He translated : Schiller's * Wallen- 
 stein,' 1800. 
 
 Collected Works : in 7 vols., ed. by 
 W. G. T. Stedd, 1884 ; 'Poems,' ed. 
 by W. Bell Scott, 1894. 
 
 Life : by H. D. TraUl, 1884. 
 
 COLLIER (Jeremy), 1660 - 1726. 
 Born, at Stow Qui (or Quire), Cam- 
 bridgeshire, 23 Sept. 1650. Educated 
 at his father's school at Ipswich. To 
 Caius Coll., Cambridge, as * poor 
 scholar,' 10 April 1669 ; B.A., 1672 ; 
 M.A., 1676. Ordained Deacon, 24 
 Sept. 1676; Priest, 24 Feb. 1677. 
 Chaplain to Dowager Countess of 
 Dorset at Knowle, 1677-79. Rector 
 of Ampton, Suffollc, 25 Sept. 1679 to 
 
COLLINS 
 
 61 
 
 1685. Lecturer at Gray's Inn, 1685 
 [or 1686 ?], Took up definite position 
 as non-juror. Imprisoned for three 
 months in Newgate owing to political 
 pamphlet, 1688. Another short im- 
 prisonment, Nov. 1692. Much con- 
 troversial writing on political and re- 
 ligious topics. Attack on stage begun, 
 1698. Consecrated as nonjuring bishop, 
 1713. Religious controversy ; and 
 abortive attempt to form union with 
 Eastern Church. Died, in London, 
 26 April 1726. Buried in churchyard 
 of St. Pancras. 
 
 Works : * The Difference between 
 the Present and Future State of our 
 Bodies,' 1686; 'The Comparison be- 
 tween Giving aud Receiving,' 1687 ; 
 
 * The Office of a Chaplain ' (anon.), 
 1688 ; ' The Desertion discuss'd ' 
 (anon. ), 1688 ; * Vindicise Juris Regni ' 
 (anon.), 1689 ; * Animadversions upon 
 the Modern Explanation of ... a king 
 de facto ' (anon.), 1689 ; ' A Caution 
 against Inconstancy' (anon.), 1690; 
 •A Dialogue concerning the Times,' 
 1690 ; ' To the Right Hon. the Lords 
 and the Gentlemen,' 1690 ; 'Dr. Sher- 
 lock's Case' (anon), 1691 ; *A Brief 
 Essay concerning the Independency of 
 Church Power ' (anon.), 1692 ; * The 
 Case of giving Bail,' 1692 ;' A R-eply ' 
 (to remarks on preceding), 1693 ; * A 
 Persuasive to Consideration tendered 
 to the Royalists' (anon.), 1693 ; 'Re- 
 marks upon the " London Gazette,' " 
 1693 ; ' Miscellanies ' (afterwards pt. 
 i. of * Essays upon several Moral Sub- 
 jects '), 1694; *A Defence of the 
 Absolution,' 1696 ; 'A further Vindi- 
 cation of the Absolution,' 1696 ; * A 
 Reply to the Absolution of a Penitent,* 
 1696 ; 'An Answer to the Animadver- 
 sions ' (on preceding; anon.), 1696; 
 •The Case of the two Absolvers,' 1696 ; 
 ' Essays upon several Moral Subjects,' 
 1697 ; ' A short View of the Immo- 
 rality and Profaneness of the English 
 Stage,' 1698 ; (2nd and 3rd edns. same 
 year) ; ' A Defence of the Short View,' 
 1699 ; ' A Second Defence,' 1700 ; 
 
 * The Great Historical, Geographical, 
 Genealogical, and Poetical Dictionary,' 
 vol. i., 1701 ; vols, ii., iii., 1705 ; vol. iv., 
 1721 ; ' A Letter to a Lady concerning 
 
 the New Playhouse* (anon.), 1706 j 
 ' A Further Vindication of the Short 
 View,' 1708 ; * An Ecclesiastical His- 
 tory of Great Britain,' voL i., 1708 ; 
 vol. ii., 1714 ; * An Answer to some 
 Exceptions' (to preceding), 1715; 
 * Some Remarks on Dr. Kennet's . . . 
 Letters,' 1717 ; * Reasons for restoring 
 some Prayers' (anon.), 1717; *A 
 Defence of the Reasons' (anon.), 1718 ; 
 •A Vindication of the Reasons and 
 Defence' (anon.), pt. i., 1718 ; pt. ii., 
 1719; *A Further Defence' (anon.), 
 1720; 'Essays' (collected), 1722; 
 'Several Discourses upon Practical 
 Subjects,' 1725 ; 'God not the Author 
 of Evil,' 1726. 
 
 Collier translated : * Sleidan's Com- 
 mentaries,' bks. ix.-xii., 1689 ; Marcus 
 Aurelius' ' Meditations,' 1701 ; Gre- 
 gory of Nazianzus ' Upon the Macca- 
 bees,' 1716 ; and wrote prefaces to : 
 translation of Cicero ' De Finibus ' by 
 S. Parker, 1702; and 'Human Souls 
 naturally Immortal,' 1707. 
 
 Life : by T. Lathbury, in 1852 edn. 
 of ' Ecclesiastical History.' 
 
 COLLINS (Edward James Morti- 
 mer), 1827-1876. Born, at Plymouth, 
 29 June 1827. Educated at various 
 private schools. In situations in Lon- 
 don, 1838. Assistant master at school 
 at Westbury, Wilts, 1843-45. Con- 
 trib. poem to 'Bath and Cheltenham 
 Gazette,* 1844. Contrib. to 'Felix 
 Farley's Journal,' 1847-49. Private 
 Tutor at Windermere, 1847-48. In 
 Paris, 1848. Schoolmaster at Lech- 
 lade and Rothwell, 1849. Edited 
 'Lancaster Gazette,' 1850. Married 
 Mrs. Susan Crump, 9 May 1850. 
 Schoolmaster at Launceston, 1851. 
 Mathematical Master at Queen Eliza- 
 beth's Coll., Guernsey, 1852-55. Kept 
 private school in Guernsey, 1855-56. 
 Private Tutor at Cariisle, 1858. 
 Literary activity ; edited several pro- 
 vincial newspapers, and wrote con- 
 stantly for London press, 1851-66. 
 Contributor to 'Owl,' ' Church and 
 State Review,' 'Realm,' 'Press,' 
 'Globe,' 'Punch,' 'British Quarterly,' 
 ' Temple Bar ' ' Tinsley's Magazine,' 
 ' World,' etc. Took cottage at Knowl 
 
62 
 
 COLLINS 
 
 Hill, Berks, 1862. Wife died, 5 Aug. 
 1867. Married Frances Cotton, 4 
 May 1868 ; settled at Knowl Hill. 
 Died there, 28 July 1876. 
 
 Works : ' Idyls and Rhymes,* 1855 ; 
 
 * Summer Songs,' 1860 ; * Who is the 
 Heir?', 1865; 'Sweet Anne Page,' 
 1868; *The Ivory Gate,' 1869; 
 
 * Letter to the Rt. Hon. B. Disraeli ' 
 (anon., in verse), 1869 ; 'The Vivian 
 Romance,' 1870 ; 'The Inn of Strange 
 Meetings,' 1871 ; ' The Secret of Long 
 Life' (anon.), 1871; 'The Marquis 
 and Merchant,' 1871 ; * The British 
 Birds,' 1872; 'Two Plunges for a 
 Pearl,' 1872 ; 'Princess Clarice,' 1872; 
 
 * Squire Sylvester's Whim,' 1873 ; 
 'Miranda,' 1873; 'Mr. Carington' 
 (under pseudonym of Robert Turner 
 Cotton), 1873 ; 'Transmigration,' 1874 ; 
 'Frances' (with his wife), 1874; 
 
 * Sweet and Twenty ' (with his wife), 
 1875 ; ' Blacksmith and Scholar ' and 
 ' From Midnight to Midnight,' 1876 
 [1875] ; 'A Fight with Fortune,' 1876 ; 
 ♦The Village Comedy ' (with his wife), 
 1878 [1877J. 
 
 Posthumous : * Letters and Friend- 
 ships,' edited by his wife, 1877 ; 'You 
 Play Me False' (with his wife), 1878 ; 
 
 * Pen Sketches by a Vanished Hand,' 
 ed. by Tom Taylor, 1879 ; 'Thoughts 
 in my Garden ' ed. by E. Yates, 1880. 
 
 Life : by his wife, in ' Letters and 
 Friendships,' 1877. 
 
 COLLINS (William) 1721-1759. 
 Born, at Chichester, 25 Dec. 1721. 
 Probably educated first at Chichester. 
 Scholar of Winchester Coll., 19 Jan. 
 1733. Con trib. verses to ' Gentleman's 
 Magazine ' (Jan. and Oct. 1739), while 
 still at school. Matriculated at 
 Queen's Coll., Oxford, 22 March 1740 ; 
 Demy ship at Magdalen Coll., 29 July 
 1741 ; B.A., 18 Nov. 1743. Visit to 
 uncle in Flanders. Thought of enter- 
 ing Army or Church, but eventually 
 devoted himself to literature in Lon- 
 don. Failing health ; visit to France. 
 Lived with sister at Chichester on his 
 return. For a time in a madhouse at 
 Chelsea. Visit to Oxford, 1754. Died, 
 at Chichester, 12 June 1759. Buried, 
 at St. Andrew's Church, Chichester. 
 
 Works : * Persian Eclogues ' (anon.), 
 1742 (another edn. anon., entitled 
 ' Oriental Eclogues,' 1757) ; * Odes,' 
 1747 [1746] ; ' Verses humbly ad- 
 dressed to Sir Thomas Hanmer' 
 (anon.), 1743. 
 
 Posthumous : ' An Ode on the 
 Popular Superstitions of the High- 
 lands,' 1788. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by Lang- 
 home, with life, 1765, etc. ; ed. by 
 Mrs. Barbauld, 1797; ed. by A. Dyce, 
 1827 ; ed. by Moy Thomas, with life, 
 1858. 
 
 COLLINS (William Wilkie), 1824- 
 1889. Born, in London, Jan. 1824. 
 Educated at private school. Tour 
 with his parents in Italy, 1837-38. 
 Articled to a firm of tea merchants 
 [1838 ?]. Student at Lincoln's Inn, 
 18 May 1846 ; called to Bar, 21 Nov. 
 1851. Began to devote himself to 
 literature, 1848. Con trib. to ' House- 
 hold Words,' 1856; and to 'All the 
 Year Round.' ' The Lighthouse,' pro- 
 duced at the Olympic theatre, Aug. 
 1857 ; 'The Red Vial,' at Olympic, 
 Oct. 1858 ; ' The Frozen Deep,' at 
 Olympic, 27 Oct. 1866 ; 'No Thorough- 
 fare' (dramatized from novel), at 
 Adelphi, Dec. 1867; 'Black and 
 White' (written with Fechter), at 
 Adelphi, March, 1868 ; ' The Woman 
 in White ' (dramatized from novel), 9 
 Oct. 1871 ; ' Man and Wife,' at Prince 
 of Wales's, 22 Feb. 1873. Visit to 
 United States, 1873-74. 'The Moon- 
 stone ' (dramatized from novel), pro- 
 duced at Olympic, Sept. 1877 ; 'The 
 New Magdalen,' at Olympic; 'Rank 
 and Riches,' at Adelphi, 9 June 1883. 
 Died, in London, 23 Sept. 1889. 
 Buried at Kensal Green. 
 
 Works : ' Memoir of the Life of 
 William Collins,' 1848 ; * Antonina,' 
 1850 ; ' Rambles beyond Railways,' 
 1851; 'Basil,' 1852; 'Mr. Wray's 
 Cash Box,' 1852; 'Hide and Seek,' 
 1854; 'After Dark,' 1856; 'Dead 
 Secret,' 1857 ; ' The Queen of Hearts,' 
 1859 ; ' The Woman in White,' 1860 ; 
 ' A Message from the Sea ' (with 
 Dickens), 1861 [1860] ; « No Name,' 
 1862; 'My Miscellanies,' 1862; 'Tha 
 
COLMAN 
 
 «8 
 
 Frozen Deep ' (with Dickens ; pri- 
 vately printed), 1866 ; * Armadale,' 
 1866; *No Thoroughfare' (with 
 Dickens), 1867 ; * The Moonstone,' 
 1868; *Man and Wife,' 1870; 'No 
 Name,' dramatized (privately printed), 
 1870 ; 'The Woman in White,' drama- 
 tized (privately printed), 1871 ; 'Poor 
 Miss Finch,' 1872 ; * The New Mag- 
 dalen,' 1873 ; ♦ Miss or Mrs. ?', 1873 ; 
 
 * The New Magdalen,' dramatized 
 (privately printed), 1873; 'Readings 
 and Writings in America,' 1874 • 
 
 * Miss Gwilt,' drama adapted from 
 
 * Armadale ' (privately printed), 1875 ; 
 
 * The Law and the Lady,' 1875 ; 
 'Alicia Warlock,' 1875; 'The Two 
 Destinies,' 1876 ; ' The Moonstone,' 
 dramatized (privately printed), 1877 ; 
 
 * The Haunted Hotel,' 1879 [1878] ; 
 •The Fallen Leaves,' 1879; *A 
 Rogue's Life,' 1879; 'Jezebel's 
 Daughter,' 1880 ; * Considerations on 
 the Copyright Question,' 1880 ; ' The 
 Black Robe,' 1881; 'Heart and Science,' 
 1883 ; ' I say No,' 1884 ; ' The Evil 
 Genius,'1886; ♦TheGuiItyRiver,'1886; 
 'Little Novels,' 1887; 'The Legacy 
 of Cain,' 1888. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Blind Love,' ed. by 
 W. Besant, 1890. 
 
 COLMAN (George), the Elder, 1732- 
 1794. Born, in Florence, March [or 
 April ?], 1732. At Westminster School, 
 1746-51. To Ch. Ch., Oxford, 5 
 June 1751 ; B.A., 18 April 1755 ; 
 M.A., 18 March 1758. Contributed 
 to ' The Student,' 1751 ; to Hawkes- 
 worth's ' The Adventurer,' Sept. 
 1753 ; ed. ' The Connoisseur,' with 
 Bonnell Thornton, Jan. 1754 to 
 Sept. 1756. Called to Bar at Lin- 
 coln's Inn, 1755. On Oxford Circuit, 
 1759. Farce, 'Polly Honeycombe,' 
 produced at Drury Lane, 5 Dec. 1760 ; 
 'The Jealous Wife ' produced, 12 Feb. 
 1761. Started ' St. James's Chronicle,' 
 with Bonnell Thornton and Garrick, 
 1761. The following plays produced 
 at Drury Lane : ' The Musical Lady,' 
 6 M..ich 1762 ; a version of ' Phi- 
 laster,' 8 Oct. 1763 ; ' The Deuce 
 is in Him,' 4 Nov. 1763 ; ' The Clan- 
 destine Marriage ' (written with G ar- 
 
 rick), 20 Feb. 1766 ; ' The English 
 Merchant,' 21 Feb. 1767. Purchased 
 Covent Garden Theatre (with Powell, 
 Harris, and Rutherford), and opened 
 it, 14 Sept. 1767. Married Miss Ford, 
 1767 [?] ; she died, 29 March 1771. The 
 following plays produced at Covent 
 Garden : ' The Oxonian in Town,' 7 
 Nov. 1767; 'Man and Wife,' 7 Oct. 
 1769 ; ' The Portrait,' 22 Nov. 1770 ; 
 'The Fairy Prince,' 12 Nov. 1771; 
 ' Achilles in Petticoats,' 16 Dec. 1773 ; 
 a version of ' Comus,' 16 Oct. 1773 ; 
 'The Man of Business,' 31 Jan. 1774. 
 Resigned management, 26 May 1774, 
 and retired to Bath. Contrib. a series 
 of papers called ' The Gentleman ' to 
 •The London Packet,' July to Dec, 
 1775. A version of Ben Jonson's 
 ' Epicoene,' produced at Drury Lane, 
 13 Jan. 1776 ; ' The Spleen,' 7 March 
 1776; 'New Brooms,' 21 Sept. 1776. 
 Manager of Haymarket, 1777-85. 
 ' The English Merchant ' produced 
 there, 15 May 1777; 'Polly,' 19 June 
 1777 ; ' A Fairy Tale ' (written with 
 Garrick), 18 July 1777 ; ' The Spanish 
 Barber,' 30 Aug. 1777 ; 'The Female 
 Chevalier,' 18 May 1778; 'The Suicide,' 
 11 July 1778 ; 'The Separate Mainten- 
 ance,' 31 Aug. 1779 ; 'The Manager in 
 Distress,' 30 May 1780 ; 'The Genius 
 of Nonsense,' 2 Sept. 1780 ; ' Harle- 
 quin Teague,' 1782 ; ' Tit for Tat,' 29 
 Dec. 1786; 'Ut Pictura Poesis,' 18 
 May 1789. Pall-bearer at Dr. John- 
 son's funeral, 20 Dec. 1784. Para- 
 lytic stroke, 1785. Mind gradually 
 gave way. Died, in Paddington, 
 14 Aug. 1794. Buried in vaults of 
 Kensington Church. 
 
 Works : * Polly Honeycombe ' (anon.), 
 1760; 'Ode to Obscurity' (anon.), 
 1760 ; ' The Jealous Wife,' 1761 ; 
 ' Critical Reflections on the Old Eng- 
 lish Dramatick Writers ' (anon.), 1761 ; 
 'The Clandestine Marriage' (with 
 Garrick), 1761 ; ' The Musical Lady ' 
 (anon. ), 1762 ; ' The Deuce is in Him ' 
 (anon.), 1763 ; ' Terrse Filius ' (4 nos., 
 anon.), 1764; 'The English Mer- 
 chant,' 1767 ; ' T. Harris Dissected,' 
 1768 ; • True State of the Differences, 
 etc.,' 1768 (2nd edn. snme year) ; 
 'Occasional Prelude,' 1763; 'The 
 
64 
 
 COLMAN 
 
 Portrait ' (anon.; date misprinted 
 MCCCLXX.),1770; 'ManandWife' 
 (anon), 1770 ; 'The Oxonian in Town' 
 (anon.), 1769; 'The Fairy Prince' 
 (anon.), 1773 ; ' The Man of Business,' 
 1774 ; ' The Spleen,' 1776 ; ' Occa- 
 sional Prelude,' 1776 ; • New Brooms,' 
 
 1776 ; 'Dramatic Works,' 1777 ; *A 
 Fairy Tale ' (adapted, with Garrick, 
 from 'A Midsummer Night's Dream'), 
 
 1777 ; ' The Sheep-shearing ' (adapted 
 from * Winter's Tale '), 1777 ; ' The 
 Manager in Distress,' 1780; 'Prose 
 on Several Occasions,' 1787; * Tit 
 for Tat' (anon.), 1788; ' Ut Pictura 
 Poesis,' 1789. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Some Particulars of 
 the Life of the late George Colman, 
 written by himself ' (ed. by R. Jack- 
 sou, 1795 ; ' Miscellaneous Works,' 
 1797. 
 
 He translated: Terence's 'Come- 
 dies,' 1765 ; Horace's 'Art of Poetry,' 
 1783 ; and edited: 'Poems by Eminent 
 Ladies ' (with Bonnell Thornton), 
 1755 ; Beaumont and Fletcher's 
 'Philaster,' with alterations, 1763 ; 
 ' Oomus,' altered from Milton, 1772 ; 
 Jonson's 'Epicoene,' with alterations, 
 1776 ; Beaumont and Fletcher's 'Dra- 
 matic Works,' 1778 ; Foote's * Devil 
 upon Two Sticks,' 1778 ; Foote's 'Maid 
 of Bath,' 1778 ; Foote's 'The Nabob,' 
 
 1778 ; Foote's ' A Trip to Calais,' 
 1778 ; Lillo's « Fatal Curiosity,' with 
 alterations, 1783. 
 
 Life : in Peake's ' Memoirs of the 
 Colman Family,' 1841. 
 
 COLMAN (George), the Younger, 
 1762-1836. Born, in London, 21 
 Oct. 1762. Educated at Marylebone 
 School, Christmas 1770 to March 1771 ; 
 at Westminster School, 30 June 1772 
 to 1778. To Christ Church, Oxford, 
 28 Jan. 1779 ; removed from Oxford, 
 autumn of 1781. At King's Coll., 
 Aberdeen, 1781-83. Farce ' The Fe- 
 male Dramatist' anonymously pro- 
 duced at Haymarket, 16 Aug. 1782. 
 Admitted Mem. of Lincoln's Inn, 
 1784. 'Two to One,' produced at 
 Haymarket, 19 June 1784 ; ' Turk 
 and no Turk,' 9 July 1785; 'Inkle 
 and Yarico,' 4 Aug. 1787 ; * Ways 
 
 and Means,' 10 July 1788 ; ' Battle 
 of Hexham,' 11 Aug. 1789 ; ' Sur- 
 render of Calais,' 30 July 1791 ; ' Poor 
 old Haymarket,' 15 June 1792 ; 
 'Mountaineers,' 3 Aug. 1793; 'New 
 Hay at the Old Market ' (afterwards 
 known as ' Sylvester Dagger wood '), 
 
 9 June 1795 ; 'The Heir at Law,' 15 
 July 1797. Married Clara Morris, 
 3 Oct. 1784, at Gretna Green ; re- 
 married publicly, at Chelsea Church, 
 
 10 Nov. 1788. Manager of Hay- 
 market, 1789. Purchased patent of 
 Haymarket, 1794. ' The Iron Chest ' 
 produced at Drury Lane, 12 March 
 1796; 'Blue Beard,' 23 Jan. 1798; 
 'Feudal Times,' 19 Jan. 1799. 'Blue 
 Devils * produced at Covent Garden, 
 24 April 1798 ; ' Poor Gentleman,' 11 
 Feb. 1801 ; ' John Bull,' 5 March 
 1803; 'Who wants a Guinea?' 18 
 April 1805 : • We Fly by Night,' 
 28 Jan. 1806 ; ♦ X. Y. Z.,' 11 
 Dec. 1810 ; ' The Law of Java,' 11 
 May 1822. 'Review' produced at 
 Haymarket, 2 Sept. 1800 ; ' Gay 
 Deceivers,' 22 Aug. 1804 ; * Love 
 Laughs at Locksmiths,' 25 July 1803 ; 
 
 ♦ The Africans,' 29 July 1808. Reck- 
 less management of Haymarket, and 
 constant financial difficulties. Lieu- 
 tenant of Yeomen of the Guard, 13 
 May 1820 to 1831. Examiner of 
 Plays, 19 Jan. 1824 till death. Pos- 
 sibly a second time married, to Mrs. 
 Gibbs, with whom he had lived [since 
 1795 ?]. Died, in Brompton Square, 
 17 Oct. 1836. Buried in vaults of 
 Kensington Church. 
 
 Works : ' The Man of the People * 
 (anon.), 1782; 'Two to One,' 1785; 
 ' Inkle and Yarico,' [1787] ; * Ways 
 and Means, '1788 (2nd edn. same year); 
 'The Battle of Hexham' (anon.), 
 1790 ; 'The Surrender of Calais,' 1792 ; 
 
 * The Mountaineers ' (anon. ), 1794 ; 
 ' New Hay at the Old Market,' 1795 
 (2nd edn. under title ' Sylvester Dagger- 
 wood,' 1808) ; 'The Iron Chest,' 1796 
 (2nd edn. same year) ; ' My Night- 
 Gown and Slippers,' 1797 (other edns. 
 under title ' Broad Grins,' 1802, 
 etc.); 'Blue-Beard,' 1798 (2nd, 3rd, 
 4th edns. same year) ; 'Feudal Times,* 
 1709 (2nd edn. same year) ; 'The Heir 
 
CONGREVE— CONINGTON 
 
 at Law,' 1800 ; ' The Poor Gentle- 
 man,' [1801] ; » Epilogue to the . . . 
 Maid of Bristol,' [1803] ; 'John Bull,' 
 1805 ; 'Who Wants a Guinea?' 1805 ; 
 •The Africans,' 1808; 'Blue Devils,' 
 1808; 'The Gay Deceivers,' 1808; 
 ' Love Laughs at Locksmiths,' 1808 ; 
 ♦The Review,' 1808 ; ' Poetical Vaga- 
 ries,' 1812 ; • The Maskers of Moor- 
 fields,' 1815 ; 'Eccentricities for Edin- 
 burgh,' 1816 ; ' The Gnome King ' 
 (anon.), 1819; 'X. Y. Z.' (anon.), 
 1820 ; 'The Law of Java,' 1822; 'The 
 Circle of Anecdote and Wit,' 1823 ; 
 * Dramatic Works,* ed. with life, by 
 J. W. Lake, 1827 ; 'Random Records,' 
 1830 ; ' Sermon for a General Fast . . . 
 By a Layman * [no date]. 
 
 He edited : Gay's ' Achilles in 
 Petticoats,' with alterations, 1774 ; 
 Palmer's 'Like Master, like Man,' 
 1811 ; ' Posthumous Letters . . . ad- 
 dressed to F. Oolman and G. Colman 
 the elder,' 1820. 
 
 Life: in Peake's 'Memoirs of the 
 Colman Family,' 1841. 
 
 CONGKEVE (William), 1670-1729. 
 Born, at Bardsey, near Leeds, Jan. [?] 
 1670. Soon after his birth, family 
 removed to Lismore. Educated at 
 Kilkenny School. To Trinity Coll., 
 Dublin, 6 April 1685 ; M.A., 1696. 
 Entered Middle Temple, but soon 
 abandoned law. Play, 'The Old 
 Batchelor,' produced, Jan. 1693 ; 
 •The Double Dealer,' Nov. 1693; 
 •Love for Love,' 30 April 1695 ; ' The 
 Mourning Bride,' 1697 ; 'The Way of 
 the World,' 1700. Commissioner for 
 Licensing Hackney Coaches, July 
 1695 to Oct. 1707. Abandoned play- 
 writing. Joined Vanbrugh in theatri- 
 cal management for short time in 
 1705. Commissioner of Wine Li- 
 censes, Dec. 1705 to Dec. 1714. Ap- 
 pointed Secretary for Jamaica, Dec. 
 1714. Member of Kit-Cat Club. 
 Intimacy with Duchess of Marlborough 
 in later years of life. Died, in London, 
 19 Jan. 1729. Buried in Westminster 
 Abbey. 
 
 Works: 'The Mourning Muse of 
 Alexis,' 1659; 'The Old Batchelor,' 
 [1693] ; 'The Double Dealer,' [1694] ; 
 
 ' A Pindarique Ode, humbly offer'd to 
 the King,' 1695 ; 'Love for Love,' 
 [1695]; 'Amendments upon Mr. 
 Collier's false and imperfect Citations ' 
 (anon.), 1698; 'The Birth of the 
 Muse,' 1698 ; 'The Mourning Bride,' 
 1697 (2nd edn. same year) ; 'Incognita* 
 (anon.), 1700; 'The Way of the 
 World,' 1700; 'The Judgment of Paris,' 
 1701 ; 'A Pindarique Ode, humbly 
 offer'd to the Queen,' 1706 ; 'Works' 
 (3 vol.), 1710 ; 'A Letter to . . . Vis- 
 count (I/obham,' 1729. 
 
 He translated : Book III. of Ovid'a 
 'Art of Love,' 1709; Ovid's 'Meta- 
 morphoses' (with Dryden, Addison, 
 etc.), 1717 ; La Fontaine's 'Tales and 
 Novels' (with other translators), 1762; 
 and assisted Dryden in revision of 
 translation of Virgil, 1697. 
 
 He edited: Dryden's 'Dramatick 
 Works,' 1717. 
 
 Collected Works : 1731, etc. 
 
 CONINGTON (John), 1825-1869. 
 Bom, at Boston, Lincolnshire, 10 Aug. 
 1825. At Beverley Grammar School, 
 1836-38 ; at Rugby, 1838-43. Matric. 
 at University Coll., Oxford, 30 June 
 1843 ; Demyship at Magdalen Coll., 
 Oct. 1843. Hertford and Ireland 
 scholarships, 1844. Returned to Uni- 
 versity Coll. as scholar, 1846. B.A., 
 22 April 1847 ; M.A., 1850 ; Chan- 
 cellor's Latin Verse Prize, 1847 ; 
 English Essay Prize, 1848 ; Latin 
 Essay Prize, 1849. Visit to Germany, 
 1847. Student at Lincoln's Inn, 1849; 
 not called to Bar. Fellow of Univ. 
 Coll., Oxford, 19 Feb. 1847 to 14 
 June 1855. Eldon Law Scholarship, 
 1849. Contrib. to 'Morning Chronicle,' 
 1849-50. Returned to Oxford, 1850. 
 Prof, of Latin Language and Litera- 
 ture, Oxford, 1855-69. Hon. Fellow 
 of Corpus Christi Coll., Oxford, 30 
 Oct. 1856. Died, at Boston, Lincoln- 
 shire, 23 Oct. 1869. 
 
 Works : Edition of ^schylus' ' Aga- 
 memnon,' 1848; 'Episfcola Critica,' 
 1852; Edition of ^schylus' 'Choe- 
 phorce,' 1857 ; Edition of Virgil (part 
 of vol. i. in collab. with Groldwin 
 Smith), 3 vols., 1858, 1863, 1871; 
 'The Poetry of Pope' (in 'Oxford 
 6 
 
66 
 
 COOK— COURTHOPE 
 
 Essays'), 1858 ; Translation of 'Odes 
 and Carmen Sseculare* of Horace, 1863 ; 
 'The University of Oxford and the 
 Greek Chair,' 1863 ; Translation of 
 Virgil's '^neid,' 1866 : 'The Style of 
 Lucretius and Catullus,' 1867 ; Trans- 
 lation of Homer's ' Iliad,' 1868 ; Trans- 
 lation of 'Satires, Epistles and Ars 
 Poetica' of Horace, 1870. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Translation of Per- 
 sius,' 1872; 'Miscellaneous Writings,' 
 ed. by J. A. Symonds, with memoir 
 by H. J. S. Smith, 1872. 
 
 COOK (Eliza), 1812-1889. Born, in 
 Southwark, 12 Dec. 1812. Contrib. 
 to 'New Monthly,' 'Metropolitan,' 
 ' Literary Gazette,' and other periodi- 
 cals. Edited 'Eliza Cook's Journal,' 
 1849-54. Wrote various songs as well 
 as poems. Civil List Pension, 1864. 
 Died, 24 Sept. 1889. 
 
 Works: 'Lays of a Wild Harp,' 
 1835; 'Melaia and other Poems,' 
 1838; 'Poems . . . Second Series,' 
 1845; 'Jottings from my Journal,' 
 1860 ; * Poems, selected and ed. by 
 the author,' 1861 ; New Echoes, and 
 other Poems,' 1864 ; 'Diamond Dust,' 
 1865. 
 
 Collected Poems : in 4 vols., 1851- 
 53 ; in one vol., 1860 ; etc. 
 
 COOPER (James Fenimore), 1789- 
 1851. Born [James Cooper], in Bur- 
 lington, New Jersey, 15 Sept. 1789. 
 Educated at village school, Otsego, 
 and by private tutor ; to Yale, Jan. 
 1803 ; expelled for breach of regula- 
 tions, 1805. Entered Merchant Marine, 
 autumn 1806. Midshipman, 1 Jan. 
 1808. Married Miss De Lancey, 
 1 Jan. 1811. Resigned commission 
 in Navy, 6 May, 1811. First novel 
 published anonymously, 1820. Surname 
 changed by Act of Legislature to 
 Fenimore Cooper, April 1826. Resided 
 mainly at Cooperstown, N.Y., occu- 
 pied in literary pursuits, till his death 
 there, 14 Sept. 1851. Buried in 
 Episcopal Churchyard. 
 
 Works : ' Precaution ' (anon.), 1820 ; 
 'The Spy' (anon.), 1821; 'The 
 Pioneers' (anon.), 1823; 'The Pilot' 
 (anon.), 1824; 'lionel Lincoln' (anon.), 
 
 1825 ; ' The Last of the Mohicans * 
 (anon.), 1826 ; 'The Prairie' (anon.), 
 1827; 'The Red Rover' (anon.), 1828; 
 * Notions of the Americans ' (anon.), 
 1828 ; ' The Wept of Wish-ton- Wish ' 
 (anon.), 1829 (republished as 'The Bor- 
 derers,' and • The Heathcotes ') ; ' The 
 Water - Witch ' (anon.), 1830 ; 'The 
 Bravo' (anon.), 1831 ; 'Letter to Gen. 
 Lafayette,' 1831; 'The Heidenmauer' 
 (anon.), 1832; 'The Headsman' 
 (anon.), 1833 ; ' Letter to his Country- 
 men,' 1834 ; ' The Monikins ' (anon.), 
 1835 ; ' Sketches of Switzerland ' 
 2 pts. (anon.), 1836 (republished as 
 ' A Residence in France ') j ' Gleanings 
 in Europe' (anon.), 1837; 'England' 
 (anon.), 1837 ; 'Italy' (anon.), 1838 ; 
 ' The American Democrat,' 1838 ; 
 ' The Chronicles of Cooperstown ' 
 (anon.), 1838 ; ' Homeward Bound ' 
 (anon.), 1838; 'Home as Found' 
 (anon.), 1838 (republished as ' Eve 
 EflSngham ') ; ' History of the Navy of 
 the U.S.A.,' 1839 ; 'The Pathfinder' 
 (anon.), 1840; 'Mercedes of Castile' 
 (anon.), 1840; 'The Deerslayer * 
 (anon.), 1841 ; ' The Two Admirals ' 
 (anon.), 1842; ' The Wing-and- Wing' 
 (anon.), 1842 (republished as 'The 
 Jack o' Lantern'); 'The French 
 Governess,' 1843 ; ' The Battle of Lake 
 Erie,' 1843; 'Wyandotte' (anon.), 
 1843; 'Ned Myers,' 1843; 'Afloat 
 and Ashore,' vols, i., ii. (anon.), 1844 ; 
 ' Proceedings ... in the case of A. S. 
 Mackenzie,' 1844 ; 'Afloat and Ashore' 
 vols, iii., iv., 1844 (republished as 'Lucy 
 Hardinge'); 'Satanstoe,' 1845; 'The 
 Chainbearer' (anon.), 1846; 'Lives 
 of Distinguished American Naval 
 Officers,' 1846 ; 'The Redskins' (anon.), 
 1846 (republished as 'Ravensnest ') ; 
 'The Crater' (anon.), 1847 (repub- 
 lished as 'Mark's Reef ') ; 'Jack Tier,' 
 1848 (republished as 'Captain Spike') ; 
 'The Oak Openings' (anon.), 1848 
 (republished as ' The Bee Hunter ') ; 
 'The Sea Lions ' (anon.), 1849 ; 'The 
 Ways of the Hour' (anon.), 1850. 
 Life : by T. R. Lounsbury, 1883. 
 
 COURTHOPE (William John), b. 
 1842. Born, at South Mailing, Sussex, 
 17 July 1842. At Harrow, Sept. 
 
COWLEY— COWPER 
 
 67 
 
 1856 to July 1861. To New Coll., 
 Oxford, 1861 ; B.A., 1865 ; Newdigate 
 Prize Poem, 1864 ; Chancellor's Eng- 
 lish Essay Prize, 1868. Examiner in 
 Education Dept., 1870. Civil Service 
 Commissioner, 1887 ; Chief Com- 
 missioner, 1892. Mem. of Athenaeum 
 Club, 1892. C.B., 1895. Registrar 
 of Roy. Lit. Fund, 1893. Prof, of 
 Poetry, Oxford, 1895. Hon. D.L., 
 Durham, 1895. Hon. Fellow New 
 Coll., Oxford, 1896. For some time 
 part- editor of * National Review.' 
 
 Works : ' The Three - hundredth 
 Anniversary of Shakespeare's Birth,' 
 1864 ; 'The Genius of Spenser,' 1868 ; 
 'Ludibria Lunse,' 1849; 'The Para- 
 dise of Birds,' 1870; 'Addison,' 1884 ; 
 'The Liberal Movement in English 
 Literature,' 1885 ; ' History of English 
 Poetry,' 1895, etc. 
 
 He has edited : Pope's Works (with 
 W. Elwin), 1871. 
 
 COWLEY (Abraham), 1618-1667. 
 Born, in London, 1618. King's Scholar 
 at Westminster School, 1628 [?]-1636, 
 First poems published, 1633. Scholar 
 of Trinity Coll., Cambridge, 14 June 
 1637 ; B.A., 1639 ; Minor Fellow, 30 
 Oct. 1640; M.A., 1642; Major Fellow, 
 1642. Latin Comedy, 'Naufragium 
 Joculare' performed before University, 
 2 Feb. 1638. 'The Guardian' per- 
 formed, 12 March 1641 ; rewritten 
 and produced at Lincoln's Inn Fields 
 as 'The Cutter of Coleman Street,' 
 16 Dec. 1661. Ejected from Cam- 
 bridge as a Royalist, and removed to 
 St. John's Coll., Oxford, 1664. After- 
 wards in household of Earl of St. 
 Alban's, and in Court of exiled Queen 
 in France. Engaged on diplomatic 
 services. Returned to England, 1656. 
 Studied Medicine. M.D., Oxford, 2 
 Dec. 1657. Removed to Chertsey, 
 April 1665. Died there, 28 July 1667. 
 Buried in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 WorTcs : 'Poetical Blossoms' (anon.), 
 1633 ; 'Love's Riddle,' 1638 ; 'Nau- 
 fragium Joculare,' 1638 ; 'A Satyre : 
 the Puritan and the Papist,' 1643 [?] ; 
 'Ad Populum' (anon.), 1644; 'The 
 Mistress,' 1647 ; ' The Foure Ages of 
 England' (anon.), 1648; 'The Guar- 
 
 dian,' 1650 (second version, entitled : 
 ' The Cutter of Coleman Street,' 1663) ; 
 ' Poems,' 1656 ; * Ode upon the Blessed 
 Restoration,' 1660 ; 'Vision concern- 
 ing .. . Cromwell the Wicked,' 1661 ; 
 ' A Proposal for the Advancement of 
 Experimental Philosophy,' 1661 ; 'A. 
 Couleii Plantarum libri duo,* 1662 ; 
 ' Verses upon several Occasions,' 1663 ; 
 ' Verses lately written,' 1663. 
 
 Posthumous : ' A Poem on the late 
 Civil War,' 1679 ; ' Love's Chronicle ' 
 (anon.), [1730?]. 
 
 He translated : ' Anacreon ' (anon., 
 with Willis, Wood and Oldham), 1683. 
 
 Collected Works : ed., with Zi/e, by 
 T. Sprat, 1668 (subsequent edns., some 
 enlarged, 1689-1721); ed., with life, by 
 Grosart, 1880-81. 
 
 COWPER (William), 1731-1800. 
 Bom, at Great Berkhampstead Rec- 
 tory, 15 Nov. 1731. At a school in 
 Market Street, Herts, 1837-39. Under 
 thecareofan oculist, 1839-41. At West- 
 minster School, 1841-49. Student at 
 Middle Temple, 29 April 1 748. Articled 
 to a solicitor for three years, 1850. 
 Called to Bar, 14 June 1754. Depres- 
 sion of mind began. Commissioner of 
 Bankrupts, 1759-65. Contrib. nos. Ill, 
 115, 134, 139 to 'The Connoisseur,' 
 1756 ; to Duncombe's ' Translations 
 from Horace,' 1756-57 ; to ' The St. 
 James's Chronicle,' 1761. Symptoms 
 of insanity began to appear ; taken to 
 a private asylum at St. Albans, Dec. 
 1763. Left there and settled in Hunt- 
 ingdon, June 1765. Began to board 
 in house of Mr. and Mrs. Unwin there, 
 Nov. 1765. Removed with Mrs. Unwin 
 and family to Olney, Bucks, autumn 
 of 1767. Assisted John Newton, 
 curate of Olney, in parochial duties. 
 Fresh attack of insanity, 1773-74. On 
 recovery, showed more activity in 
 literary work. Friendship with Lady 
 Austen, 1781-83. Contrib. to 'Gentle 
 man's Mag.,' June 1784 and Aug. 1785, 
 Removed from Olney to Weston, Nov, 
 1786. Attack of insanity, 1787. Con 
 trib. to 'Analytical Review,' Feb. 1789 
 Crown pension of £300 a year granted, 
 1794. Visited various places in Nor 
 folk with Mrs. Unwin, summer of 
 5-2 
 
CRABBE— CRAIK 
 
 1795. Settled at Dereham Lodge, 
 Oct. 1795. Died there, 25 AprU 1800. 
 Buried in Dereham Church. 
 
 Works: 'Olney Hymns' (anon., 
 with J. Newton), 1799 ; 'Anti-Thelyph- 
 thora' (anon.), 1781 ; 'Poems,' 1782 ; 
 ♦John Gilpin' (anon.), 1783; 'The Task,' 
 1785 (the fly-leaf bears the words: 
 ' Poems . . . Vol. II.') ; Translation of 
 ' Iliad and Odyssey,' 1791 ; ' Poems ' 
 ('On the receipt of my mother's 
 picture ' — * The Dog and the Water 
 Lily'), 1798. 
 
 Posthumous : * Adelphi,* 1802 ; 
 *Life and Posthumous Writings,' ed. 
 by Hayley, 1803 (2nd ed., 1804 ; 3rd., 
 entitled 'Life and Letters,' 1809) ; 
 
 • Memoir of the early life of William 
 Cowper ' (autobiographical), 1816 ; 
 
 • Table Talk,' 1817 ; ' Hymns,' 1822 ; 
 •Private Correspondence' (2 vols.), 
 1824 ; 'Poems, the early productions 
 of W. Cowper,' ed. by J. Croft, 1825 ; 
 
 • Minor Poems,' 1825 ; ' The Negro's 
 Complaint,' 1826. 
 
 He translated: 'Homer,* 1791; 
 
 • The Power of Grace,' by Van Lier, 
 1792 ; 'Poems by Mme. De la Motte 
 Guion ' (posth.), 1801 ; Milton's Latin 
 and Italian Poems (posth.), 1808. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by Newton 
 (10 vols.), 1817; ed. by Mewes (3 
 vols.), 183 4 ; ed. by Grimshawe (8 vols.), 
 1835 ; ed. by Southey (16 vols.), 1836- 
 37. 
 
 Life : by Hayley, 1803 ; by Bruce, 
 in Aldine edn. of Works, 1865 ; by 
 Benham, in Globe edn. of Works, 1870. 
 
 CRABBE (George), 1754 - 1832. 
 Born, at Aldeborough, 24 Dec. 1754. 
 Educated at private schools at Bungay 
 and Stowmarket. After leaving school, 
 worked in warehouse at Slaughden ; 
 apprenticed as errand-boy to a doctor 
 at Wickham Brook, near Bury St. 
 Edmunds, 1768 ; to a surgeon at 
 Woodbridge, 1771. Contrib. to 
 ' Wheble's Mag.,' 1772. Returned to 
 Aldeborough, 1775, to work in ware- 
 house. Studied medicine. After a 
 visit to London, became assistant to 
 Burgeon in Aldeborough, and after- 
 wards set up in practice there. To 
 London to make living by literature, 
 
 April 1780, Ultimate success, mainly 
 through assistance of Burke. Ordained 
 Deacon, 21 Dec. 1781, as curate to 
 Rector of Aldeborough. Ordained 
 Priest, Aug. 1782. To Belvoir, as 
 Chaplain to Duke of Rutland, 1782. 
 Given degree of LL.B. by Archbishop 
 of Canterbury, and presented (by 
 Thurlow) with livings of Frome, St. 
 Quentin and Evershot, Dorsetshire. 
 Married Sarah Elmy, Dec. 1783. 
 Accepted curacy of Stathern, 1785. 
 Contrib. to ' Annual Register,' 1784. 
 Voluminous writer, but published 
 little. Exchanged Dorsetshire livings 
 for Rectorship of Muston and Ailing- 
 ton, and settled at Muston 25 Feb. 
 1789. Removed to Parham as curate 
 of Sweflaing and Great Glemham, 1792. 
 Took Great Glemham Hall, 1796. 
 Returned to Muston, Oct. 1805. Wife 
 died, 31 Oct. 1813. Rector of Trow- 
 bridge, Wiltshire, and Croxton, near 
 Belvoir, June 1814. Visited London, 
 1817 and 1822. Visited Scott in 
 Edinburgh, autumn 1822. Died, at 
 Trowbridge, 3 Feb. 1832. Buried there. 
 
 Works : 'Inebriety ' (anon.), 1775 ; 
 ' The Candidate,' 1780 ; ' The Library ' 
 (anon.), 1781 ; 'The Village,' 1783 ; 
 ' The Newspaper,' 1785 ; ' A Discourse 
 . . . after the funeral of the Duke of 
 Rutland,' 1788 ; ' Poems,' 1807 ; 'The 
 Parish Register,' 1807 ; 'The Borough,' 
 1810 ; ' Tales,' 1812 ; ' The Variation 
 of public opinion and feelings con- 
 sidered,' 1817 ; * Tales of the Hall,' 
 1819. 
 
 Posthumous : * Posthumous Ser- 
 mons,' ed. by J. D. Hastings, 1850. 
 
 Collected Works : with letters, and 
 life by his son George, 1834. 
 
 CRAIK (Dinah Maria), 1826-1887. 
 Born [Dinah Maria Mulock], at Stoke- 
 upon-Trent, 20 April 1826. To London, 
 1846 [ ? ]. First novel produced, 1849. 
 Settled at North End, Hampstead, 
 1855 [?]. Civil List Pension, 1864. 
 Married to George Lillie Craik, 29 
 April 1865. Settled soon afterwards 
 at Shortlands, Kent, where she lived 
 till her death. Died suddenly, 12 
 Oct. 1887. 
 
 Works: [all anon.], 'Cola Monti,' 
 
CRASHAW— CRAWFORD 
 
 1849; 'The Ogil vies,' 1849 ; 'Olive,' 
 1850 ; 'The Head of a Family,' 1851 ; 
 'Alice Learraont,' 1852; 'Agatha's 
 Husband,' 1852 ; ' Bread upon the 
 Waters,' 1852; 'A Hero,' 1853; 
 'Avillon,' 1853; 'John Halifax, 
 Gentleman,' 1856; 'Nothing New,' 
 1857; *A Woman's Thoughts about 
 Women,' 1858; 'Poems,' 1859; 
 'Romantic Tales,' 1859 ; 'A Life for 
 a Life,' 1859; 'Domestic Stories,' 
 1860 ; ' Our Year,' 1860 ; * Studies 
 from Life,' 1861 ; 'Mistress and Maid,' 
 1862; 'The Fairy-Book,' 1863; 'A 
 New Year's Gift to Sick Children,' 
 1865 ; * Home Thoughts and Home 
 Scenes,' 1865 ; 'A Noble Life,' 1866 ; 
 * Christian's Mistake,' 1866; 'The 
 Marriages,' 1867; 'Woman's King- 
 dom,' 1868; 'The Unkind Word.' 
 1869 ; ' A Brave Lady,' 1870 ; ' Fair 
 France,' 1871; 'Hannah,' 1871; 
 'Little Sunshine's Holiday,' 1871; 
 'Twenty Years Ago,' 1871; 'Ad- 
 ventures of a Brownie,' 1872 ; ' Songs 
 of our Youth,' 1874 ; ' My Mother and 
 I,' 1874; 'Sermons out of Church,' 
 1875; 'The Little Lame Prince,' 
 1875 ; ' The Laurel Bush,' 1877 ; 
 'Will Denbigh,' 1877; 'A Legacy,' 
 1878 ; 'Young Mrs. Jardine,' 1879 ; 
 'Thirty Years,' 1880; 'Children's 
 Poetry,' 1881; 'His Little Mother,' 
 1881; 'Plain Speaking,' 1882; 'An 
 Unsentimental Journey,' 1884 ; 'Miss 
 Tommy,' 1884 ; ' About Money,' 1886 ; 
 'King Arthur,' 1886 ; 'Fifty Golden 
 Years,* 1887 ; 'An Unknown Country,' 
 1887. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Concerning Man/ 
 1888. 
 
 She translated : Guizot's * M. de 
 Barante,' 1867 ; Mme. de Witt's ' A 
 French Country Family,' 1867, 'A 
 Parisian Family,' 1870, and 'An 
 Only Sister,' 1873 ; and edited : ' Is it 
 True ?' 1872. 
 
 CRASHAW (Richard), 1613 [?]- 
 1649. Born, in London, 1613 [?]. 
 Educated at Charterhouse. Admitted 
 at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 6 July 
 1631 ; matriculated, 26 March 1632. 
 B.A., 1634. First vol. of poems pub- 
 lished, 1634. Removed to Peterhouse, 
 
 1636; elected Fellow, 1637; M.A., 
 1638. Perhaps incorporated at Ox- 
 ford, 1641. During Civil War, ex- 
 pelled from Peterhouse for refusing 
 to take Oath, Dec. 1643. To Oxford ; 
 London ; and Paris, where he entered 
 Roman Church. To Rome, with in- 
 troductions from Queen Henrietta 
 Maria, 1648 [?]. Appointed attendant 
 to Card. Palotta. Sub - Canon of 
 Church of Our Lady of Loreto, 24 
 April 1649. Died, at Loreto, 25 
 Aug. 1649 ; buried there. 
 
 Works : ' Epigrammatum Sacrorum 
 Liber ' (anon.), 1634 ; ' Steps to the 
 Temple . . . With other Delights of 
 the Muses' (2 pts.), 1646 (2nd edn., 
 enlarged, 1648 ; 3rd, called ' Sacred 
 Poems,' with engravings after draw- 
 ings by Crashaw, 1652). 
 
 Posthumous : ' Carmen Deo nostro ' 
 (anon.), 1652 ; ' A Letter ... to the 
 Countess of Denbigh' (in verse), 1653 ; 
 ' Poemata et Epigrammata,' 1670. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by W. D. 
 TurnbuU, 1858 ; ed. by Dr. Grosart, 
 1872. 
 
 CRAWFORD (Francis Marion), b. 
 1864. Bom, at Bagni di Lucca, Italy, 
 2 Aug. 1854. Educated at Paul's 
 School, Concord, U.S.A., Sep. 1866 
 to June 1869 ; subsequently with 
 tutor in England. At Trinity Coll., 
 Cambridge, 1873-74. At Carlsruhe, 
 1874-75. At Heidelberg, 1875-76. 
 At University of Rome, 1876-78. To 
 India, 1879; editor of 'Indian Herald,' 
 at Allahabad, 1879-80. To Italy, 
 1880 ; to America, 1881. Studied at 
 Harvard Univ., 1881-82. To Italy, 
 May 1883. Settled near Sorrento, 
 and has principally lived there since 
 1883. Visit to Constantinople, 1884. 
 Married Miss Berdan, 1884. Awarded 
 ' Moubinne ' Prize and Gold Medal 
 by French Academy, 1889. Visits to 
 America, 1893 and 1894. 
 
 Works: 'Mr. Isaacs,' 1882; 'Dr. 
 Claudius,' 1883 ; ' To Leeward,' 1883 ; 
 'An American Politician,' 1884 ; 'A 
 Roman Singer,' 1884 ; ' Zoroaster,' 
 1885 ; 'A Tale of a Lonely Parish,' 
 1886; 'Saracinesca,'1887; 'Marzio's 
 Crucifix,' 1887 ; ' Paul Patofif,' 1887 ; 
 
70 
 
 CREIGHTON— CROKER 
 
 * With the Immortals,' 1888 ; ' Greif- 
 enstein,' 1889 ; ' Sant' Ilario,' 1889 ; 
 
 * A Cigarette Maker's Romance,' 1890; 
 •Khaled,' 1891; 'The Witch of 
 Prague,' 1891 ; ' The Three Fates,' 
 
 1892 ; * The Children of the King,' 
 
 1893 ; • Don Orsino,' 1893 ; ' Marion 
 Darche,' 1893; 'The Novel,' 1893; 
 ♦Pietro Ghisleri,' 1893 ; 'The Upper 
 Berth,' 1894 ; * Love in Idleness,' 1894; 
 ' Katharine Lauderdale,' 1894 ; ' Casa 
 Braccio,'1895 ; 'Constantinople,' 1895; 
 ♦TheRalstons,' 1895; 'Adam John- 
 stone's Son,' 1896 ; ' Taquisara,' 1896. 
 
 CREIGHTON (Mandell), Bishop of 
 London, b. 1843. Born, at Carlisle, 
 5 July 1843. At Carlisle Grammar 
 School, 1851-57. At Durham Gram- 
 mar School, Sep. 1857 to July 1862. 
 Postmastership at Merton Coll., Ox- 
 ford, Oct. 1862; B.A., 1867; M.A., 
 1870. Fellow and Tutor of Merton 
 Coll., 1866-75. Ordained Deacon, 
 1870 ; Priest, 1873. Public Exam- 
 iner at Oxford, 1871-72, 1875-76, 
 1883-84. Married Louise Hume Von 
 Glehn, 1872. Vicar of Embleton, 
 Northumberland, 1874 - 84. Select 
 Preacher at Oxford, 1875-77, 1883, 
 1886-88. Rural Dean of Alnwick, 
 1882-84. Hon. Canon, Newcastle- 
 on-Tyne, 1882-85. Fellow of Emanuel 
 Coll., Cambridge, and Dixie Prof. 
 of Eccles. Hist., 1884-91. Ed. ' En- 
 glish Historical Review,' 1886-91. 
 Incorp. M.A., Camb., 1885 ; D.D., 
 
 1891. Hon. D.C.L., Durham, 1885; 
 LL.D., Glasgow, 1883 ; Hon. LL.D., 
 Harvard, 1886. Select Preacher, 
 Camb., 1887 ; Public Examiner, 1888- 
 89. Canon of Worcester, 1885- 
 90 ; Exam. Chaplain to Bishop of 
 Worcester, 1886-90. Hon. Fellow 
 Merton Coll., Oxford, 1889 ; of Eman- 
 uel Colh, Camb., 1891. D.D., Ox- 
 ford, 1891. Bishop of Peterborough, 
 April 1891. Hon. D. Litt., T.C.D., 
 
 1892. Hulsean Lect., Camb., 1893 ; 
 Rede Lect., 1895. Hon. D.C.L., Ox- 
 ford, 1894. Romanes Lect., 1896. 
 Represented Anglican Church at Coro- 
 nation of Czar at Moscow, May 1896. 
 Bishop of London, Nov. 1896. 
 
 Works ; ' History of Rome,' 1875 ; 
 
 'The Age of Elizabeth,' 1876 ; 'The 
 Tudors and the Reformation,' 1876 ; 
 ' Life of Simon de Montfort,' 1876 ; 
 'The Shilling History of England,' 
 1879; 'A History of the Papacy 
 during the period of the Reformation,' 
 vols, i., ii., 1882; 'Memoir of Sir 
 George Grey ' (priv. printed), 1884 ; 
 ' Cardinal Wolsey,' 1888 ; 'The Hope 
 of Youth,' 1888; 'Carlisle,' 1889; 
 'Persecution and Tolerance ' (Hulsean 
 Lectures), 1895 ; 'The Early Renais- 
 sance in England ' (Rede Lecture), 
 1895; 'The English National Cha- 
 racter ' (Romanes Lecture), 1896 ; 
 ' Queen Elizabeth,' 1896. 
 
 He has translated: R&nke's 'His- 
 tory of England ' (with others), 1881 ; 
 and edited : ' Epochs of English His- 
 tory,' 1876-78 ; ' Historical Biogra- 
 phies,' 1876-79 ; Lang's * Geography 
 for Beginners,' 1881 ; * Epochs of 
 Church History,* 1886, etc. 
 
 CROKER (John Wilson), 1780-1857. 
 Born, in Gal way, 20 Dec. 1780. Edu- 
 cated at schools in Cork and Portar- 
 lington. To Trinity Coll., Dublin, 
 Nov. 1796 ; B.A., 1800 ; LL.B. and 
 LL.D., 1809. Entered at Lincoln's 
 Inn, 1800. Studied law for two 
 years. Contrib. letters on French 
 Revolution to ' The Times ' ; and 
 assisted in starting ' The Cabinet * 
 and ' The Picnic' Returned to Dub- 
 lin, 1802. Called to Irish Bar, 
 1802. Married Rosamond Pennell, 
 1806. M.P.forDownpatrick,Mayl807 
 to 1812. Acting Chief Secretary for 
 Ireland, 1808. Assisted in starting 
 ' Quarterly Review,' Feb. 1809 ; con- 
 trib. frequently to it, 1809-64. LL.B. 
 and LL.D., Dublin, 1809. Secretary 
 of the Admiralty, 9 Oct. 1809 to Nov. 
 1830. F.R.S., 5 July 1810. M.P. 
 for Athlone, 1812-18 ; for Yarmouth, 
 I. of W., 1819-20 ; for Bodmin, 1820- 
 26 ; for Aldeburgh, 1826 - 27 ; for 
 Dublin Univ., 1827-30; for Aide- 
 burgh, 1830-32. Appointed Privy 
 Councillor, 16 June 1828. Fu-st to 
 make use of term * Conservatives,' in 
 ' Quarterly Review ' for Jan. 1830. 
 Retired from public life, Aug. 1832. 
 Chiefly occupied in literary pursuits 
 
CROSS— CUMBERLAND 
 
 71 
 
 till his death. Died, at Hampton, 10 
 Aug. 1857. Buried at West Moulsey. 
 
 Works : ' Theatrical Tears ' (anon.), 
 1804 ; * Familiar Epistles to Frederick 
 Jones, Esq.' (anon.), 1804 ; * An Inter- 
 cepted Letter ' (anon.), 1804 ; 'Songs 
 of Trafalgar,' 1804 ; ' The History of 
 Cutchacutchoo ' (anon.), 1805; 'The 
 Amazoniad ' (anon.), 1806 ; 'A Sketch 
 of the State of Ireland ' (anon.), 1808 ; 
 ♦The Battle of Talavera' (anon.), 
 1809 ; ' Key to the Orders in Council,' 
 1812 ; * A Letter on the fittest style . . . 
 for the Wellington Testimonial,' 1815 ; 
 
 * Monarchy according to the Charter ' 
 (anon.), 1816 ; 'Stories for Children 
 from the History of England,' 1817 ; 
 
 * A Second Letter from the King to 
 his People,' 1821; 'Two Letters on 
 Scottish Affairs ' (under pseud, of 
 Edward Bradwardine Waverley), 1826; 
 
 * Progressive Geography for Children,' 
 1828 ; * Military Events of the French 
 Revolution of 1830,' 1831 ; ' History 
 of the Guillotine ' (from * Quarterly 
 Review '), 1853 ; ' Correspondence 
 with Lord John Russell on . . . 
 Moore's Diary,' 1854 ; 'E>says on 
 the Early Period of the French Revo- 
 lution ' (from ' Quarterly Review '), 
 1857. 
 
 Posthumous : ' The Croker Papers '; 
 correspondence and diaries, ed. with 
 life, by L. J. Jennings (3 vols.), 1884. 
 
 He translated : Chateaubriand's 
 'Monarchy according to the Charter,' 
 1816 ; * Royal Memoirs on the French 
 Revolution,' 1823 ; and edited : * Me- 
 moirs of the Embassy of the Mar- 
 shal de Bassompierre,' 1819 ; Lady 
 Hervey's 'Letters,' 1821-22; 'The 
 Suffolk Papers,' 1823 ; Horace Wal- 
 pole's ' Letters to Lord Hertford,' 
 1824 ; Countess of Suffolk's 'Letters,' 
 1824; Boswell's 'Life of Johnson,' 
 1831 ; 'John, Lord Hervey's Memo- 
 ries of the Court of George II.,' 
 1848. 
 
 CEOSS (Marian). See Eliot (George). 
 
 CUMBERLAND (Richard), 1732- 
 1811. Born, at Trinity Coll., Dublin, 
 19 Feb. 1732. Educated at a school 
 at Bury St. Edmunds, 1738-44 ; at 
 
 Westminster School, 1744-46. To 
 Trinity Coll., Cambridge, 1747 ; B.A., 
 1750 ; Fellowship, 1752 ; M.A., 1754. 
 Private Secretary to Lord Halifax in 
 Board of Trade; and afterwards Crown 
 Agent to Nova Scotia. Married Eliza- 
 beth Ridge, 19 Feb. 1759. Ulster 
 Secretary to Lord-Lieutenant of Ire- 
 land, 1761. Clerk of Reports in 
 Board of Trade, 1762. Began to 
 write plays. ' The Summer's Tale ' 
 produced, 1765 ; ' The Brothers ' at 
 Covent Garden, 1769; 'The West 
 Indian,' 1771 ; ' The Fashionable 
 Lover,' Jan. 1772; 'The Choleric 
 Man,' 1774 ;« The Battle of Hastings,' 
 1778. Secretary to Board of Trade, 
 1776. On secret mission to Spain, 
 1780 - 81. On abolition of Board of 
 Trade, he retired to Tunbridge Wells. 
 Great literary activity ; many plays 
 produced, including : ' The Walloons,' 
 20 April 1782 ; ' The Jew,' 1794 ; 
 'The Wheel of Fortune,' 1795, etc. 
 Edited ' The London Review ' 1809. 
 Died, at Tunbridge Wells, 7 May 
 1811. Buried in Westminster Abbey. 
 Works : ' An Elegy, written on St. 
 Mark's Eve' (anon.), 1754; 'The 
 Banishment of Cicero,' 1761; 'The 
 Summer's Tale' (anon.), 1765; 'A 
 Letter to the Bishop of O— d' (anon.), 
 1767 ; 'Amelia' (anon.), 1768 ; 'The 
 Brothers ' (anon.), 1770 ; ' The West 
 Indian' (anon.), 1771; 'Timon of 
 Athens, altered from Shakespeare,' 
 1771 ; ♦ The Fashionable Lover ' 
 (anon.), 1772 ; 'The Note of Hand' 
 (anon.), 1774; 'The Choleric Man,' 
 1775 ; 'The Widow of Delphi ' (anon. ), 
 1775 ; * Odes,' 1776 ; ' The Battle of 
 Hastings,' 1778 ; * Calypso,' 1779 ; 
 ' Anecdotes of Eminent Painters in 
 Spain,' 1782 ; ' A Letter to Richard, 
 Lord Bishop of Landaff,' 1783 ; ' The 
 Mysterious Husband,' 1783; 'The 
 Carmelite,' 1784 ; * Character of the 
 late Lord Viscount Sackville,' 1785 ; 
 'The Natural Son,' 1785; 'The Ob- 
 server ' (anon. ), 1785; 'An accurate 
 . . . Catalogue of the several Paint- 
 ings in the King of Spain's Palace at 
 Madrid,' 1787; 'Arundel' (anon.), 
 1789 ; ♦ The Impostors,' 1789 ; ' A 
 Volume of Comedies,' 1791 ; 'Curtiua 
 
72 
 
 CUNNINGHAM— DANIEL 
 
 rescued from the Gulph ' (anon. ), 
 1792 ; * Calvary,' 1792 ; ' The Ar- 
 mourer' (anon.), 1793; 'The Box- 
 Lobby Challenge,' 1794 ; 'The Jew,' 
 1794 ; ' rirst Love,' 1795 ; ' Henry ' 
 (anon.), 1795 ; 'The Wheel of For- 
 tune,' 1795; 'False Impressions,' 
 1797; 'The Days of Yore,' 1798; 
 * Joanna of Moutfaucon ' (adapted 
 from Von Kotzebue), 1800 ; 'A Poeti- 
 cal Version of certain Psalms of David,' 
 1801 ; • A Few Plain Reasons why 
 we should believe in Christ,' 1801 ; 
 'The TaUor's Daughter,' 1804 ; 'A 
 Melo-Dramatic Piece ' [1805] ; 'A 
 Hint to Husbands,' 1806 ; ' Memoirs,' 
 1806 ; 'The Jew of Mogadore,' 1808 ; 
 •John de Lancaster,' 1809; 'Retro- 
 spection,' 1811. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Posthumous Dra- 
 matic Works ' (2 vols.), 1813. 
 
 He translated: Lucan's ' Pharsalia,' 
 1760 ; Aristophanes' ' Clouds,' 1797. 
 
 CUNNINGH&M (Allan), 1784-1842. 
 Born, at Keir, Dumfriesshire, 7 Dec. 
 1784. Educated at village school. 
 Apprenticed to his brother James, 
 stonemason, 1795. Wrote songs and 
 verses. To London, April 1810. Ob- 
 tained employment from sculptor. Em- 
 ployed on staff of ' The Day ' to write 
 poetry and political reports. Married 
 Jean Walker, 1 July 1811. Acted as 
 secretary to Francis Chantrey, 1814- 
 41. Worked at literature in spare 
 time. Contributed to 'Blackwood,' 
 1819-21 ; to ' London Magazine ' ; to 
 ' The Popular Encyclopaedia,' 1841. 
 Edited 'The Anniversary,' 1829-30. 
 Presented with Freedom of Dumfries, 
 1831. Died, in London, 30 Oct. 1842. 
 Buried at Kensal Green. 
 
 Works : ' Songs,' 1813 ; ' Sir Mar- 
 maduke Maxwell, etc.,' 1822 ; 'Tra- 
 ditional Tales of the English and 
 Scottish Peasantry,' 1822 ; 'The Songs 
 of Scotland,' 1825; 'Paul Jones,' 
 1826 ; ' Sir Michael Scott,' 1828 ; 
 'The Lives of the most eminent 
 British Painters, etc' 1829; 'The 
 Maid of Elvar,' 1833 ; ' Biographical 
 and Critical History of the British 
 Literature of the last Fifty Years ' 
 (from 'The Athenaeum'), 1834 ; The 
 
 Cabinet Gallery of Pictures,' 1834 ; 
 ' Lord Roldan,' 1836. 
 
 Posthumous : ' The Life of Sir David 
 Wilkie' (ed. by P. Cunningham), 1843 ; 
 ' Poems and Songs ' (ed. by P. Cun- 
 ningham), 1847. 
 
 He edited : Burns' Works, 1834 ; 
 Pilkington's 'General Dictionary of 
 Painters,' 1840 ; Thomson's ' The 
 Seasons,' 1841. 
 
 Life : by David Hogg, 1876. 
 
 DANIEL (Samuel), 1562-1619. Born, 
 
 near Taunton [?], 1562. At Magdalen 
 Hall, Oxford, [1579-82?]. Possibly 
 with Lord Stafford on an embassy to 
 France, 1586. Visit to Italy, about 
 1588 or 1589. Tutor to William 
 Herbert, son of Earl of Pembroke ; 
 lived at Wilton, Salisbury. Some 
 sonnets of his first printed in 1591 
 edn. of Sidney's ' Astrophel and 
 Stella.' This being done without his 
 knowledge, he published fifty sonnets, 
 under title 'Delia,' in 1592. Tutor 
 to Anne Clifford, daughter of Countess 
 of Cumberland, about 1598 [?], at 
 Skipton, Yorkshire. Possibly suc- 
 ceeded Spenser as poet laureate, 1599. 
 Considerable literary activity and re- 
 putation. Masques by Daniel performed 
 before royalty at Hampton Court, 1604 ; 
 at Oxford, 1605 ; at Whitehall, 1610 ; 
 in London, 1614. Controller of the 
 Children of the Revels to the Queen, 
 1604-18. Groom of the Queen's Privy 
 Chamber, 1607-19. Removed from 
 London to a farm near Beckington, 
 Wilts, about 1603 [?]. Died there, 
 Oct. 1619. Probably married. 
 
 Works: 'Delia,' 1592 (2nd edition 
 same year) ; ' Cleopatra,' 1 594 ; ' First 
 Fowre Bookes of the Civile Wars,' 
 1595 ; 5th, 1595 ; 6th, 1601 ; 7th and 
 8th, 1609; 'MusophUus,' 1599; 'A 
 Letter from Octavia,' 1599 ; ' Poeticall 
 Essay es,' 1599; 'Works . . . aug- 
 mented,' 1601 (with new title-page, 
 1602) ; ' The Defence of Rhyme,' 
 1602 ; ' A Panegyricke Congratula- 
 torie,' 1603; 'The Vision of the 
 Twelve Goddesses,' 1604 ; ' The 
 Queenes Arcadia ' (anon.), 1605 ; 
 ' Philotas ' 1605 ; ' Ulisses and the 
 Syren,' 1605 ; 'Certaine Small Poems,' 
 
D'ARBLAY— DARWIN 
 
 73 
 
 1605; 'Certaine Small Workes,' 
 1607; *Tethys Festival,' 1610 (also 
 issued with 'The Order and Solem- 
 nitie of the Creation,' 1610); 'The 
 Collection of theHistorieof England,' 
 pt. i., 1612 ; pt. ii., 1617 ; 'Hymen's 
 Triumph, 1615. 
 
 He translated : P. Giovio's ' Im- 
 prese,' 1585 ; and contrib. verses to 
 the 1611 and 1613 editions of Florio'a 
 'Montaigne.' 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by his brother, 
 John Daniel, 1623. 
 
 D'ABBLAT (Madame). See Bumey 
 (Frances). 
 
 DAELEY (George), 1795-1846. Born, 
 in Dublin, 1795. To Trinity Coll., 
 Dublin, 1815 ; B.A., 1820. To Lon- 
 don, 1822. Contrib. to ' London Mag. ,' 
 under pseud, of ' John Lacy.' Joined 
 staff of 'Athenaeum.' Travelled in 
 Italy. Died, in London, 23 Nov. 1846. 
 
 Works: 'The Errors of Ecstacie,' 
 1822 ; ' The Labours of Idleness ' 
 (under pseud. ' Guy Penseval '), 1826; 
 *A System of Popular Geometry,' 
 1826; 'Sylvia,' 1827; 'A System of 
 Popular Algebra,' 1827 ; 'A System 
 of Popular Trigonometry,' 1827 ; 'The 
 Geometrical Companion,' 1828 ; 'The 
 New Sketch-Book' (under pseud, of 
 'G. Crayon, Jun.'), 1829 ; 'Familiar 
 Astronomy,' 1830 ; 'Nepenthe ' (anon., 
 privately printed) [1839 ?] ; 'Thomas 
 k Becket,' 1840 ; 'Ethelstan,' 1841. 
 
 He edited: Beaumont and Fletcher's 
 Works, 1840. 
 
 Collected Poems : privately printed, 
 1890. 
 
 DARWIN (Charles Kohert), 1809- 
 1882. Born, 12 Feb. 1809, at Shrews- 
 bury. Educated at Mr. Case's day- 
 school at Shrewsbury, 1817 ; at Shrew- 
 bury School, 1818-25. To Edinburgh 
 University, 1825. Medical career 
 given up in favour of clerical. Ma- 
 triculated at Christ's Coll., Cambridge, 
 Oct. 1827 ; entered upon residence, 
 Lent term 1828 j B.A., 1832; M.A., 
 1837. Sailed as 'naturalist' on the 
 •Beagle,' 27 Dec. 1831. Return to 
 England, 6 Oct. 1836. Idea of clerical 
 career abandoned. To Cambridge, Dec. 
 
 1836. In London, 1837-42. F.R.S., 
 24 Jan. 1839 ; Royal medal, 1853 ; 
 Copley medal, 1864. Married Emma 
 Wedgwood, 29 Jan. 1839. Secretary 
 to Geological Society, 1838-41. In 
 conseqiience of ill-health, removed to 
 Down, Kent, 1842. Lived there, en- 
 gaged in scientific work, till his death. 
 Occasional visits to friends ; and to 
 meetings of British Association, South- 
 ampton, 1846 ; Oxford, 1847 ; Bir- 
 raingham, 1849 ; Glasgow, 1855. 
 County Magistrate, 1857. Hon. LL.D., 
 Cambridge, 1877. Died, 19 April 
 1882. Buried in Westminster Abbey. 
 Works: * Letters to Prof. Henslow' 
 (privatelyprinted for Cambridge Philo- 
 sophical Society), 1835 ; ' Journal and 
 Remarks, 1832-36 ' [being vol. iii. of 
 'Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of 
 H.M. Ships 'Adventure 'and 'Beagle'], 
 1839 (2nd edn. published separately, 
 1845); 'Zoology of the VoyageofH.M.S. 
 " Beagle " ' (edited by Darwin, with 
 contributions to pts. i. and ii.), 1840- 
 43 ; • The Structure and Distribution 
 of Coral Reefs : being the first part of 
 the Geology of the Voyage of the 
 "Beagle," ' 1842 (2nd edn. published 
 separately, 1874) ; ' Geological Obser- 
 vations on the Volcanic Islands visited 
 during the Voyage of H.M.S. "Beagle": 
 being the second part of the Geology 
 of the Voyage, etc.,' 1844 ; ' Geologi- 
 cal Observations on South America : 
 being the third part of the Geology of 
 the Voyage of the " Beagle," ' 1846 
 (2nd edn. of the two preceding pub- 
 lished together as ' Geological Obser- 
 vations on the Volcanic Islands and 
 parts of South America visited, etc.,' 
 1876) ; 'Monograph of the Fossil Lepa- 
 didse,' 1851 ; * Monograph of the Sub- 
 class Cirrepedia,' 1851 ; 'Monograph 
 of the Balanidse,' 1854 ; 'Monograph 
 of the Fossil Balanidae and Verrucidae 
 of Great Britain,' 1854 ; ' On the 
 Origin of Species by Means of Natural 
 Selection,' 1859 ; ' On the Various 
 Contrivances by which Orchids are 
 fertilized by Insects,' 1862; 'The 
 Movements and Habits of Climbing 
 Plants,' 1868 ; ' The Variations of 
 Animals and Plants under Domestica- 
 tion,' 1868 ; 'The Descent of Man,' 
 
74 
 
 DARWIN— D AVE N ANT 
 
 1871 ; 'The Expression of the Emo- 
 tions in Man and Animals,' 1872 ; 
 • The Effect of Cross and Self Fertili- 
 zation in the Vegetable Kingdom,' 
 1876; 'The Different Forms of 
 Flowers on Plants of the same Species,' 
 1877 ; • The Power of Movement in 
 Plants ' (with F. Darwin), 1880 ; ' The 
 Formation of Vegetable Mould, 
 through the Action of Worms,' 1881 ; 
 Various papers communicated to scien- 
 tific journals, 1835-82. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Essay on Instinct' 
 (published in Romanes' ' Mental Evo- 
 lution in Animals '), 1883 ; ' The Life 
 and Letters of Charles Darwin, in- 
 cluding an Autobiographical Chapter,' 
 ed. by F. Darwin, 1887. 
 
 DARWIN (Erasmus), 1731-1802. 
 Born, at Elston Hall, Notts, 12 Dec. 
 1731. At Chesterfield School, 1741- 
 50. To St. John's Coll., Camb., 1750 ; 
 Exeter Scholar; B.A., 1754. To 
 Edinburgh to study medicine, 1754. 
 M.B., Cambridge, 1755. Settled in 
 practice in Nottingham, Sept. 1756 ; 
 removed to Lichfield, Nov. 1756. 
 Married Mary Howard, Dec. 1757 ; 
 she died, 1770. MarriedMrs. Chandos- 
 Pole, 1781 ; lived, first at her estate, 
 Radbourne Hall ; subsequently at 
 Derby, and Breadsall Priory, near 
 Derby. Died suddenly, at Breadsall 
 Priory, 18 April 1802. Buried in 
 Breadsall Church. 
 
 Works : ' Loves of the Plants ' 
 (anon., pt. ii. of 'Botanic Garden'), 
 1789 ; • Economy of Vegetation ' 
 (anon., pt. i. of 'Botanic Garden'), 
 1792 ; ♦ Zoonomia,' 1794-96 ; ' A Plan 
 for the Conduct of Female Education 
 in Boarding Schools,' 1797 ; ' Phyto- 
 logia,' 1800. 
 
 Posthumous : ' The Temple of Na- 
 ture,' 1803 ; 'Collected Poems,' 1807. 
 
 He edited : C. Darwin's ' Experi- 
 ments establishing a Criterion, etc.,' 
 1780. 
 
 Life : by A. Seward, 1804 ; by E. 
 Krause, trans, by W. S. Dallas, 1879. 
 
 DASENT {Sir George Webbe), 1817- 
 1896, Born, at St. Vincent, West 
 Indies, 22 May 1817. To Westmin- 
 
 ster School, 14 April 1831 ; Minor 
 Candidate, 1832. At King's Coll., 
 London, 1836. To Magdalen Hall, 
 Oxford, 28 April 1836. B.A., 6 June 
 1840 ; M.A., 8 July 1843 ; D.C.L., 
 1852. Secretary to Sir Thomas Cart- 
 wright, at Stockholm, 1836. Ad- 
 mitted to Middle Temple, 30 May 
 1844 ; called to Bar, 30 Jan. 1852. 
 Married Frances Louisa Delane, 4 
 April 1846. Advocate of Doctors' 
 Commons, 2 Nov. 1852. Assistant- 
 editor of the ' Times,' 1845-70. Fre- 
 quent contributor to ' Quarterly Re- 
 view,* ' Edinburgh Review,' and other 
 periodicals. Civil Service Commis- 
 sioner, 5 Feb. 1870 to 1892. Knighted, 
 27 June 1876. Member of Royal Com- 
 mission on Historical Manuscripts, 
 Died, at Ascott, 11 June 1896. 
 
 Works: 'Annals of an Eventful 
 Life' (anon.), 1870 ; 'Three to One,' 
 1872 ; 'Jest and Earnest,' 1873; 'Half 
 a Life,' 1874; 'The Vikings of the 
 Baltic,' 1875. 
 
 He translated: 'The Prose, or 
 Younger Edda,' 1842 ; Rask's * Ice- 
 landic Grammar,' 1843 ; Asbjornsen 
 and Moe's ' Popular Tales from the 
 Norse,' 1859 ; Thorgeirrson's 'Story 
 of Burnt Njal,' 1861 ; 'The Story of 
 Gisli the Outlaw,' 1866 ; Asbjornsen's 
 ' Tales from the Fjeld,' 1874 ; the 
 'Orkneyinga Saga,' 1887; Hacon'a 
 'Saga,' 1894 ; and edited: 'Eutychi- 
 anus's Theophylus in Icelandic, etc.,' 
 1865 ; Cleasby's * Icelandic-English 
 Dictionary,' 1874. 
 
 DAVENANT {Sir William), Poet 
 Laureate. 1606-1668. Born, at Oxford, 
 Feb. 1606. Educated at Magdalen Coll. 
 School, Oxford; and at Lincoln Coll., 
 1620[?]-22 [?]. Page to Duchess of 
 Richmond ; afterwards to Fulke Gre- 
 ville, Lord Brooke. Play, ' The Cruel 
 Brother,' performed, 1630. Appointed 
 Poet Laureate, 13 Dec. 1638. Go- 
 vernor of King and Queen's Com- 
 pany of Players, 27 June 1639. Ac- 
 tive part in Civil War ; escaped im- 
 prisonment and took refuge in France. 
 Knighted after Siege of Gloucester, 
 Sept. 1643. Returned to France after 
 King's defeat. Became Roman Catho- 
 
DAVIDSON— DAY 
 
 76 
 
 lie. Sent on private mission from 
 Queen to King, 1646. Returned to 
 Paris. Sent by Queen on mission to 
 Virginia, 1650. Captured by Parlia- 
 ment ship soon after start, and im- 
 prisoned in Cowes Castle ; thence to 
 London for trial. Imprisoned in the 
 Tower, 1651-53. First wife, Anne, died, 
 1655. Was twice married. Licensed 
 to give dramatic entertainments at 
 Rutland House, 1656 ('The Siege of 
 Rhodes ' produced there, 1656), and at 
 Cockpit, in Drury Lane, 1658. Im- 
 prisoned for short time in 1659 on 
 account of implication in Sir George 
 Booth's insurrection. At Restoration, 
 license granted him to maintain a 
 company of players, 1660. These 
 acted at Salisbury Court Theatre, or 
 at the Cockpit, Nov. 1660 to Spring 
 of 1662. Under patronage of Duke 
 of York, the company was installed in 
 new Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre, 
 March or Aprill662. Successful pro- 
 duction of plays. Died, in Lincoln's 
 Inn Fields, 7 April 1668. Buried in 
 Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works : * The Tragedy of Albovine,' 
 1629; 'The Cruel Brother,' 1630; 
 •The Just Italian,' 1630 ; * The Temple 
 of Love ' (with Inigo Jones), 1634;' The 
 Triumphs of the Prince d' Amour' 
 (anon.), 1635; 'The Platonick Lovers,' 
 1636; 'The Witts,' 1636; 'Britannia 
 Triumphans' (with Inigo Jones), 1637 ; 
 ' Madagascar,' 1638 ; ' Ode in Re- 
 membrance of Master Shakespeare,' 
 1638 ; 'Salmacida Spolia,'1639 ; 'To 
 the honorable . . . House of Commons,' 
 [1641]; 'The Unfortunate Lovers,' 
 1643 ; • London,' 1648 ; * Love and 
 Honour,' 1649 ; ' Gondibert,' 1651 ; 
 •The Siege of Rhodes,' 1656 (revised 
 and altered edn., 1663); 'The First 
 Dayes Entertainement at Rutland 
 House' (anon.), 1657; 'The Cruelty 
 of the Spaniards in Peru' (anon.), 1658; 
 ' The History of Sir Francis Drake ' 
 (anon.), 1659 ; ' Poem to the King's 
 most sacred Majesty,' 1660 ; ' Poem 
 upon his sacred Majestie's most happy 
 return,' 1660; 'The Rivals' (anon.; 
 altered from ' The Two Noble Kins- 
 men'), 1668. 
 
 Posthumous : • The Man's the 
 
 Master,' 1669 ; ♦ The Tempest ' (with 
 Dryden), 1670; 'New Academy of 
 Complements' (anon., with Lord Buck- 
 hurst and Sir Chas. Sedley), 1671 ; 
 'Macbeth . . . with all the Altera- 
 tions, etc.,' 1673. 
 
 Collected Works : in 3 pts., ed. by 
 his widow, 1673 ; in 5 vols., ed. by 
 Laing and Maidment (' Dramatists of 
 the Restoration' series), with life, 
 1872-74. 
 
 DAVIDSON (John), b. 1857. Born, 
 at Barrhead, Renfrewshire, 11 April 
 1857. Family removed to Greenock, 
 1862 ; educated at Highlanders' Aca- 
 demy there. Entered chemical 
 laboratory of a sugar refinery, 1869. 
 In Public Analysts' Office, 1870-71. 
 Engaged in tuition until 1889. At 
 Edinburgh Univ. for one session. 
 Married 1885. To London, 1890. 
 
 Works: 'Bruce: a drama,' 1886 ; 
 ' Smith : a Tragedy,' 1888 ; 'Plays,' 
 1889; 'Perfervid,' 1890; 'In a 
 Music-Hall,' 1891 ; ' The Great Men 
 and a Practical Novelist,' 1891 ; 
 ' Laura Ruthven's Widowhood ' (with 
 C. J. Wills), 1892; 'Fleet Street 
 Eclogues,' 1893; 'Sentences and 
 Paragraphs,' 1893 ; ' A Random 
 Itinerary,' 1894 [1893] ; ' Ballads and 
 Songs,' 1894; 'Baptist Lake,' 1894 ; 
 'A Full and True Account of the 
 Wonderful Mission of Earl Lavender,' 
 
 1895 ; 'Fleet Street Eclogues : second 
 series,' 1896 [1895] ; ' Miss Arm- 
 strong's and other Circumstances,' 
 
 1896 ; ' New Ballads,' 1896. 
 
 He has translated: Montesquieu's 
 'Persian Letters,' 1892; Coppee's 
 'For the Crown,' 1896. 
 
 DAY (Thomas), 1748-1789. Born, 
 
 in London, 22 June 1748. Succeeded 
 to family estate of Bear Hill, Berk- 
 shire, July 1749. Mother removed with 
 him to Stoke Newington ; soon after- 
 wards married again, and settled at 
 Bear Hill, 1755. At school at Stoke 
 Newington, and at Charterhouse, 1755- 
 63. Matric. Corpus Christi Coll., 
 Oxford, 1 June 1764 ; left, without 
 degree, 1766. Admitted to Middle 
 Temple, 12 Feb. 1765; called to Bar, 
 
76 
 
 BEFOS— DEKKER 
 
 14 May 1775 ; never practised. After 
 disappointments in love, endeavoured 
 to train two orphan girls on his own 
 principles, in order that; he might marry 
 one of them. Scheme failed. Visit to 
 France. On return, after other love 
 disappointments, settled in London ; 
 engaged in literary work, with occa- 
 sional travelling. Married Esther 
 Milnes, 7 Aug. 1778; spent the winter 
 in Hampstead. Bought house at Ab- 
 ridge, Essex, 1779. Removed to 
 Anningsley, Surrey, 1781. Life of 
 great seclusion and asceticism. Killed 
 by accident on horseback, 28 Sept. 
 1789. Buried at Wargrave. 
 
 Works : ' The Dying Negro ' (anon., 
 with J. Bicknell), 1773 ; * Ode for the 
 New Year' (anon.), 1776; 'The 
 Devoted Legions,' 1776 ; * The Deso- 
 lation of America' (anon.) 1777; 
 • Two Speeches,' 1780 ; • Reflexions 
 on the Present State of England,' 
 1782 (2nd edn. same year) ; 'Letters 
 of Marius,' 1784 ; ' Fragments of 
 Original Letters on the Slavery of 
 Negroes,' 1784 ; ' Dialogue between a 
 Justice of the Peace and a Farmer,' 
 1785 ; ' Four Tracts,' 1785 ; * Letter 
 to Arthur Young,' 1788 ; ' History of 
 Little Jack,' 1788 ; • History of Sand- 
 ford and Merton '(anon. ), vol. i., 1783 ; 
 vol. ii., 1787 ; vol. iii., 1789. 
 
 Life : by J. Keir, 1791 ; by Black- 
 man, 1862. 
 
 DEFOE (Daniel), 1661[?]-1731. 
 Bom [Daniel Foe, name changed to 
 Defoe in 1703], in Cripplegate, 1660 or 
 1661. To school at Newington Green, 
 1674 or 1675. Went into business 
 about 1685 [?]. Sided with Monmouth 
 in Rebellion, 1685. Liveryman of 
 City of London, 26 Jan. 1688. With 
 William's army, 1688. Bankrupt, 
 about 1692[?]. Accountant to the 
 Commissioners of the Glass Duty, 
 1695-99. Vigorous partisan of King 
 William. Prosecuted for libelling the 
 Church, 1703. Sentenced to fine, 
 pilloiy, and imprisonment during 
 Queen's pleasure, July 1703. Stood 
 in pillory, which populace guarded 
 and wreathed with flowers, July 1703. 
 Imprisoned in Newgate. Released 
 
 from prison, Aug. 1704. Wrote ' The 
 Review,' Feb. 1704 to June 1713. Sent 
 to Edinburgh as secret agent in favour 
 of Union, autumn 1706. Returned to 
 England, spring 1708. On another 
 mission to Scotland, 1708 ; again in 
 
 1712. Active political controver- 
 sialist and pamphleteer. Prosecuted 
 for libel and imprisoned, 22 April 
 
 1713, but pardoned immediately. 
 Found guilty of libelling Lord Annes- 
 ley, 12 July 1715, but escaped sentence. 
 Wrote periodical 'Mercurius Politicus,' 
 1716-20; edited 'Mist's Journal,' Aug. 
 1717 to Oct. 1724. Started 'Whitehall 
 Evening Post,' 1718, and 'Daily 
 Post,' 1719; wrote in 'WhitehaU 
 Evening Post,' 1718-20; in 'Daily 
 Post,' 1719-25 ; in 'Applebee's Jour- 
 nal,' 1720-26. Died, in Moorfields, 
 26 April 1731. Buried in Bunhill 
 Fields. 
 
 Works : A complete list of Defoe's 
 works, numbering upwards of 250, is 
 given in William Lee's ' Life of Defoe,' 
 1869. His political, religious, and 
 social Controverbial Tracts date from 
 1694 to 1731. In fiction, some of his 
 best-known works are ; ' The Life and 
 Strange Surprising Adventures of 
 Robinson Crusoe,' 1719 ; ' The Further 
 Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, ' 1 7 1 9 ; 
 ' Life of Captain Singleton,' 1720 ; 
 'Moll Flanders,' 1722 ; 'Journal of 
 the Plague Year,' 1722; 'Life of John 
 Sheppard,' 1724. 
 
 Collected Works: 'A True Collec- 
 tion of the Writings of the Author of 
 The True Bom Englishman, Corrected 
 by Himself ' (anon. ), 1703 ; ' Novels,' 
 1810 ; ' Novels and Miscellaneous 
 Works,' 20 vols., 1840-41; 'Works,' 
 with memoir by Hazlitt, 1840-43. 
 
 Life, by W. Lee, 1869. 
 
 DEKKER (Thomas), I570[?]-1641. 
 Born, in London, 1570[?]. Practically 
 nothing known of life except constant 
 literary activity. Wrote a number of 
 playa from 1598 onwards. Died, 
 1641 [?]. 
 
 Works: 'Canaans Calamitie,' 1578; 
 * The Shoemaker's Holiday ' (anon. ), 
 1600 ; « The Pleasant Comedie of Old 
 Fortunatus' (anon.), 1600; 'Satire- 
 
DENHAM-DE QUINCEY 
 
 77 
 
 mastix,' 1602 ; 'The Wonderfull Yeare 
 1603 ' (anon,), 1603 ; 'The Batchelar's 
 Banquet' (anon.), 1603; 'Patient 
 Grissir (with Haughton and Chettle), 
 1603 ; ' Magnificent Entertainment 
 given to King James,' 1604; 'The 
 Honest Whore,' 1604; 'The Seven 
 Deadly Sinnes of London,' 1606 ; 
 
 * Newes from Hell,' 1606 ; ' The 
 Double P.P.' (anon.), 1606 ; ' A 
 Knight's Conjuring,' 1607 ; ' West- 
 ward Ho ' (with Webster), 1607 ; 
 •Northward Ho' (with Webster), 
 1607 ; 'The Whore of Babylon,' 1607 ; 
 ' The Famous History of Sir Thomas 
 Wyat ' (with Webster), 1607 ; ' The 
 Dead Tearme,' 1608 ; ' The Behnan 
 of London ' (anon.), 1608 ; ' Lanthorne 
 and Candlelight,' 1608 (2nd and 3rd 
 edns., 1609 ; 4th, anon., entitled 
 •O per se 0,' 1612); 'The Rave- 
 vens [Raven's] Almanacke,' 1609 ; 
 
 * The Gula Home - booke,' 1609 ; 
 ' Work for Armourers,' 1609 ; *Fowre 
 Birds of Noah's Arke,' 1609 ; ' The 
 Roaring Girle ' (with Middleton), 
 1611 ; 'If it be not good, etc.,' 1612 ; 
 ♦Troia-Nova Triumphans,' 1612 ; « A 
 Strange Horse Race,' 1613 ; ' Vil- 
 lanies Discovered ' (anon.), 1616 ; 
 ' Dekker, his Dreame,' 1620 ; 
 
 * Greevous Grones for the Poore ' 
 (anon.), 1621 ; 'The Virgin Martyr' 
 (with Massinger), 1622 ; ' A Rod for 
 Run-Awayes,' 1625 ; ' Warres, Warres, 
 Warres,' 1628 ; ' Britannia's Honour,' 
 1628; 'London's Tempe,' 1629; 
 ' Second part of The Honest Whore, ' 
 1630 ; * Match Mee in London,' 1631 ; 
 •The Wonder of a Kingdome,' 1636. 
 
 Posthumous : * The Sun's Darling ' 
 (with Ford), 1656; 'The Witch of 
 Edmonton ' (with Ford and Rowley), 
 1658. 
 
 Collected works : Dramatic Works, 
 with memoir, in 4 vols., 1873 ; Non- 
 Dramatic Works, ed. by, A. B. (jrrosart 
 (5 vols.), 1884-86. 
 
 DENHAM {Sir John), 1615-1669. 
 Bom, in Dublin, 1615. At school in 
 London. Entered at Lincoln's Inn, 
 28 April 1631 ; called to Bar, 1638. 
 Matriculated Trinity Coll., Oxford, 
 18 Nov. 1631. Married Ann Cotton, 
 
 25 June 1634. Inherited family 
 estates on father's death, 1638. Took 
 King's side in Civil War, being 
 High Sheriff of Surrey. Governor 
 of Farnham Castle, 1642. Taken 
 prisoner and sent to London. Lived 
 at Oxford, 1643-47. In attendance 
 on Charles I., Henrietta Maria, and 
 Charles II., respectively, till 1651. 
 Returned to England, winter of 1651. 
 Forbidden to live in London, 1655 ; 
 settled at Bury, Suffolk, 1658. Abroad 
 with Earl of Pembroke, 1659. Sur- 
 veyor-General of Works, June 1660. 
 Arranged Coronation Ceremony for 
 Charles II., 1661 ; created Knight of 
 the Bath. Married Margaret Brooke, 
 25 May 1665. She died, 6 Jan. 1667. 
 He died, in London, March 1669. 
 Buried in Westminster Abbey, 
 
 Works : ' The Sophy ' (anon.), 1642 ; 
 'Cooper's Hill' (anon.), 1642; a verse 
 adaptation of Cicero's *Cato Major,' 
 1648; 'Anatomy of Play' (anon.), 
 1651; 'The Destruction of Troy* 
 (anon. ; trans, from * Virgil's ^neid,' 
 Book IL), 1656 ; 'Panegyrick on . . . 
 Gen. George Monck' (anon. ; attrib. 
 to Denham), 1659 ; ' A Relation of 
 a Quaker' (anon., attrib. to Denham), 
 1659 ; * Second and Third Advices 
 to a Painter,' 1667 (another edu. same 
 year) ; ' The Famous Battel of the 
 Catts ' (anon.), 1668 ; • Poems and 
 Translations,' 1668. 
 
 Posthumous : 'The Gaming Humour 
 considered' (anon.), 1684 ; 'A Version 
 of the Psalms of David,' 1714. 
 
 DE QUINCEY (THOMAS), 1785- 
 1859. Bora, in Manchester, 15 Aug. 
 1785. Educated privately at Salford ; 
 at Bath Grammar School, 1797 [?]-99 ; 
 at school at Winkfield, Wilts, 1799- 
 1800. To Manchester Grammar 
 School, winter of 1800. Ran away 
 from latter, July 1802. Lived a 
 roving life in Wales, July to Nov., 
 1802. To London, Nov. 1802 ; after 
 great distress there reconciled with 
 family. Matric. Worcester Coll. , Ox- 
 ford, 17 Dec. 1803 ; left, without 
 degree, 1807. Friendship with Cole- 
 ridge begun, 1807. Visit to Oxford, 
 and in London, 1808. Student of 
 
 ^^ OF THE ''K 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
78 
 
 DE TABLEY— DE VERE 
 
 Middle Temple, 1808 [?]. With 
 Wordsworth at Grasmere, Dec. 1808 
 to Feb. 1809. Settled in cottage 
 at Townend, Westmoreland, Nov. 
 1809. In Edinburgh with Professor 
 Wilson, winters of 1814-15 and 1815- 
 16. Habitual taking of opium began, 
 1813. Married Margaret Simpson, 
 winter of 1816. Contrib. to 'Black- 
 \Bood * and * Quarterly Re vi e w. ' Edited 
 •Westmoreland Gazette,' 1819-20. To 
 London, 1821. Through Lamb's intro- 
 duction, became contributor to * Lon- 
 don Magazine,' in which the 'Confes- 
 sions of an Opium-Eater ' appeared, 
 Oct. to Nov., 1821. Contrib. to * Lon- 
 don Magazine,' 1821-24 ; to Knight's 
 * Quarterly Magazine,' 1824. In 
 Westmoreland, 1825. Contributed to 
 •Blackwood,' 1826-49. Settled in 
 Edinburgh, 1828 ; wife and children 
 joined him there, 1830. Contrib. to 
 'Edinburgh Literary Gazette,' 1828- 
 30; to 'Taib's Magazine,' 1834-51. 
 Relapse into opium habit after wife's 
 death in 1837 ; improvement in 1844. 
 In Glasgow, March 1841 to June 
 1847. To Edinburgh, 1847. Died 
 there, 8 Dec. 1859. Buried in West 
 Churchyard, Edinburgh. 
 
 Works : * Confessions of an English 
 Opium-Eater' (anon.), 1822; 'Klos- 
 terheim' (anon.), 1832; 'The Logic 
 of Political Economy,' 1844 ; • Selec- 
 tions, grave and gay, from his writings,' 
 edited by himself (4 vols.), 1853-60. 
 
 Collected Works : in 20 vols., 1853- 
 55. 
 
 Life : by H. A. Page, 1877 ; by 
 Prof. Masson, 1881. 
 
 DE TABLEY, Baron [John Byrne 
 Leicester- Warren], 1835-1895. Born, 
 at Tabley House, Knutford, Cheshire, 
 26 April 1835. Educated at Eton till 
 1852. Matric, Ch. Ch., Oxford, 20 
 Oct. 1852 ; B.A., 1856 ; M.A., 1860. 
 Student of Lincoln's Inn, 4 May 1857; 
 called to Bar, 17 Nov. 1860. F.S.A., 
 25 Jan. 1883. Succeeded to title, 
 1887. Unmarried. Died, 22 Nov. 
 1895. 
 
 Works: 'Essay on Greek Federal 
 Ooinage,' 1863 ; * On Some Coins of 
 Lycia,' 1863; 'Eclogues and Mono- 
 
 dramas' (under pseud. 'William P. 
 Lancaster'), 1864 ; 'Studies in Verse ' 
 (under pseud. 'William P. Lancaster '), 
 1865; ' Philoctetes ' (anon.), 1866; 
 
 • Orestes ' (under pseud. ' William P. 
 Lancaster'), 1867 ; 'A Screw Loose,* 
 (under pseud. 'William P.Lancaster '), 
 1868; • Ropes of Sand ' (under pseud. 
 'William P. Lancaster'), 1869 ; 'Re- 
 hearsals,' 1870; 'Searching the Net,' 
 1873 ; * The Soldier of Fortune,' 1876 ; 
 
 • A Guide to the Study of Bookplates,' 
 1880 ; 'Poems, dramatic and lyrical,' 
 2 series, 1893-95. 
 
 DE VERE (Aubrey Thomas), b. 
 1814. Born, at Curragh Chase, co. 
 Limerick, 10 Jan. 1814. Educated 
 Trinity Coll., Dublin. Has lived 
 mainly in Ireland. 
 
 Works: 'The Waldenses,' 1842; 
 'The Search after Proserpine,' 1843 ; 
 
 • English Misrule and Irish Misdeeds,' 
 1848 ; 'Picturesque Sketches of 
 Greece and Turkey,' 1850 ; 'Poems,' 
 1855 [1854] ; ' Heroines of Charity,' 
 1854; 'May Carols,' 1857; 'Select 
 Specimens of the English Poets,' 1858; 
 'The Sisters,' 1861 ; ' Inisfail,' 1862 ; 
 ' The Infant Bridal,' 1864 ; ' The 
 Church Settlement of Ireland,' 1866 ; 
 'Ireland's Church Property,' 1867; 
 'Pleas for Secularization,' 1867 ; 'St. 
 Thomas of Canterbury,' 1867 ; 'Irish 
 Odes,' 1869; 'The Legends of St. 
 Patrick,' 1872; ' Alexander the Great,' 
 1874; 'St. Thomas of Canterbury,' 
 
 1876 ; • Antar and Zara,' 1877 ; ' The 
 Fall of Rora . . . and other poems,* 
 
 1877 ; ' Legends of the Saxon Saints,' 
 1879; 'Constitutional and Uncon- 
 stitutional Political Action,' 1881 ; 
 'The Foray of Queen Meane,' 
 1882; 'Ireland and Proportional 
 Representation,' 1885; 'Legends and 
 Records of the Church and the Em- 
 pire,' 1887; 'Essays, chiefly on 
 Poetry,' 1887; 'St. Peter's Chains,' 
 1888 ; ' Essays, chiefly literary and 
 ethical,' 1889 ; 'The Household Poetry 
 Book,' 1893 ; ' Mediaeval Records and 
 Sonnets,' 1893; 'Religious Problems 
 of the Nineteenth Century,' ed. by 
 J. G. Wenham, 1893. 
 
 Collected Works: Poetical Works, 
 
DICKENS 
 
 79 
 
 1884; Selected Poems, ed. by J. 
 Dennis, 1890 ; ed. by G. E. Wood- 
 berry, 1894. 
 
 DICKENS (Charles), 1812-1870. 
 Born, at Landport, Portsea, 7 Feb. 
 1812. (Christened 'Charles John 
 Huffam,' but never used last two 
 names.) Family moved to Chatham, 
 1816. To school under Mr. Giles, 
 Baptist minister. Family moved to 
 Camden Town. Neglected education. 
 Father arrested for debt, 1822 [?]. 
 Dickens obtained situation as packer 
 in a blacking warehouse. At Mr. 
 Jones's school in Hampstead Road, 
 1824-26. Employed as solicitor's clerk, 
 May 1827 to Nov. 1828. Taught 
 himself shorthand. Parliamentary re- 
 porter to * The True Sun,' 1831-32 ; 
 for ' The Mirror of Parliament ' ; for 
 •The Morning Chronicle,' from 1835. 
 Contributed papers, afterwards pub. 
 as * Sketches by " Boz," ' to ' Monthly 
 Mag.,' 'Morning Chronicle,' 'Evening 
 Chronicle,' ' Bell's Life,' and ' Library 
 of Fiction,' 1833-35. Married Cathe- 
 rine Hogarth, 2 April 1836. 'The 
 Strange Gentleman ' produced at St. 
 James's Theatre, 29 Sept. 1836 ; * Is 
 she his Wife ?' same theatre, 6 March 
 1837. Edited ' Bentley's Miscellany,' 
 1837-39. Growing popularity. Free- 
 dom of City of Edinburgh, summer 
 of 1841. Severe illness, autumn of 
 same year. Visit to America and 
 Canada, Jan. to June, 1842. Visits 
 to Italy, July to Nov., 1844, and 
 Jan. to June, 1845. First editor of 
 ' Daily News,' 21 Jan. to 9 Feb., 1846; 
 subsequently an occasional contributor. 
 Started General Theatrical Fund. 
 Visit to Switzerland, June to Nov., 
 1846; in Paris, Nov. 1846 to Feb., 1847 
 (with visit to London, Dec. 1846). 
 Active part in various amateur theatri- 
 cal performances for charities, 1847-52. 
 ' Household Words ' started, 30 March 
 1849; edited it till 1859. Testi- 
 monial at Birmingham, 1853. At 
 Boulogne, summers of 1853, 54, 56. In 
 Switzerland and Italy, autumn of 1853; 
 in Paris, Nov. 1855 to May 1856. 
 Bought Gadshill Place, 1856 ; settled 
 there, 1860. First public 'Reading' 
 
 from his works, 29 April 1858. Separa- 
 tion from his wife. May 1858. On 
 cessation of ' Household Words, ' started 
 ' All the Year Round,' 30 April 1859. 
 Four series of public Readings, 
 1858-59, 1861-63, 1866-67, 1868-70, 
 in London, provinces and Scotland. 
 Readings in Paris, 1863. Severe illness 
 in 1865. Readings in America, Dec. 
 1867 to April 1868. Breakdown of 
 health. Last Reading, in London, 1 
 March 1869. Died, at Gadshill, 9 
 June 1870. Buried in Westminster 
 Abbey. 
 
 Works : * Sketches by Boz,' Ist 
 series, 1835; 2nd , 1836 ; 'Sunday 
 under Three Heads ... By Timothy 
 Sparks,' 1836 ; 'The Strange Gentle- 
 man ... By "Boz,"' 1837; 'The 
 Village Coquettes,' 1836 ; ' Posthu- 
 mous Papers of the Pickwick Club,* 
 1837 (in monthly nos., April 1836 to 
 Nov. 1837) ; ' Memoirs of Joseph 
 Grimaldi, edited by " Boz," ' 1838 ; 
 'Oliver Twist . . . By "Boz"' (from 
 ' Bentley's Miscellany ' ; 2 vols. ), 
 1838; 'Sketches of Young Gentle- 
 men' (anon.), 1838 ; 'Life and 
 Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby,' 
 1839 (in monthly nos., April 1838 to 
 Oct. 1839); 'Sketches of Young 
 Couples' (anon.), 1840; 'Master 
 Humphrey's Clock,' vol. i., 1840; 
 vols. ii. and iii., 1841 (in weekly nos., 
 April 1840 to Nov. 4841) ; ' Barnaby 
 Rudge,' 1841 ; ' The Old Curiosity 
 Shop,' 1841 ; ' American Notes,' 1842 ; 
 ' A Christmas Carol,' 1843 ; * The Life 
 and Adventures of Martin Chuzzle- 
 wit,' 1844 (in monthly nos., Jan. 1843 
 to July 1844) ; 'The Chimes,' 1844 ; 
 'The Cricket on the Hearth,' 1845 ; 
 ' Pictures from Italy ' (from ' Daily 
 News'), 1846; 'The Battle of Life,' 
 1846 ; ' Dealings with the firm of 
 Dombey and Son,' 1848 (in monthly 
 nos., Oct. 1846 to April 1848) ; ' The 
 Haunted Man,' 1848 ; 'The Personal 
 History of David Copperfield,' 1850 
 (in monthly nos., May 1849 to Nov. 
 1850); 'Bleak House,' 1853 (in monthly 
 nos., March 1852 to Sept. 1853) ; ' A 
 Child's History of England' (from 
 •Household Words'), 1854; • Hard 
 Times for these Times ' (from ' House- 
 
80 
 
 DIGBY 
 
 hold Words'), 1854; 'Little Dorrit,' 
 1857 (inmonthlynos., Dec. 1855to June 
 1857) ; 'A Tale of Two Cities ' (from 
 
 * All the Year Round '), 1859 ; ' The 
 Uncommercial Traveller,' 1861 [1860] 
 (originally in weekly parts, Jan. to 
 Oct., 1860 ; 2nd edn. enlarged, 1868 ; 
 3rd edn. enlarged, 1869) ; 'Great Ex- 
 pectations ' (from 'All the Year 
 Round '), 1861 ; ' Our Mutual Friend,' 
 1865 (in monthly nos.. May 1864 to 
 Nov. 1865) ; 'The Mystery of Edwin 
 Drood' (unfinished) six nos., April to 
 Sept., 1870. 
 
 Posthumom: 'Speeches,* 1870; 
 *Mr. Nightingale's Diary,' 1877 ; *Is 
 she his Wife?' 1877; 'The Lamp- 
 lighter,' 1879 ; ' The Mudfog Papers ' 
 (from 'Bentley's Miscellany'), 1880 ; 
 'Letters' (3 vols.), 1880-82. 
 
 He edited: 'The Pic-Nic Papers,' 
 1841 ; J. Overs' 'Evenings of a 
 Working Man,' 1844; 'Method of 
 Employment,' 1852 ; A. A. Procter's 
 
 * Legends and Lyrics,' 1866 ; ' Re- 
 ligious Opinions of the late 0. H. 
 Townshend,' 1869. 
 
 Collected Works : in 22 vols., 1858- 
 59 ; in 21 vols., 1867-74. 
 
 Life: by Forster, 1872 ; by Marzials 
 1887. 
 
 DIGBY {Sir Kenelm), 1603-1665. 
 Born, at Gayhurst, Bucks, 11 July 
 1603. Early youth spent at Gayhurst. 
 In Spain, Aug. 1617 to April 1618. 
 At Gloucester Hall (now Worcester 
 Coll.), Oxford, autumn of 1618 to 
 1620. In Paris, Angers, and Florence, 
 1620-22. To Madrid, March 1623 ; 
 attached to household of Prince 
 Charles ; returned to England with 
 him, Oct. 1623. Knighted by James I., 
 23 Oct. 1623. Appointed Gentleman 
 of Privy Chamber to Prince Charles. 
 Secretly married Venetia Stanley, 
 Jan. [?j 1625. Friendship with Ben 
 Jonson and Earl of Clarendon. On 
 privateering expedition, Dec. 1627 to 
 Feb. 1629. Inherited library from 
 former tutor, Allen, 1632 ; presented 
 it to Bodleian Library, Oxford. Wife 
 died suddenly, 1 May 1633. He 
 retired to Gresham Coll., 1633-35. 
 Abjured Romanism for Protestantism, 
 
 1630; returned to Roman Church, 
 1635. To France, 1636 ; returned to 
 England, 1639. Summoned to Bar of 
 Parliament on suspicion of treason, 27 
 Jan. 1641 ; imprisoned, Jan. [?] 1642 
 to July 1643. Released at request of 
 Queen-Dowager of France, on condi- 
 tion of leaving for France and not re- 
 turning without Parliament's permis- 
 sion. Property confiscated, Nov. 1643. 
 In Paris, 1643-49. Chancellor to 
 Queen of France. Returned to 
 England, Aug. 1649 ; banished again. 
 Returned, by permission, early in 1654. 
 Engaged in diplomatic service by 
 Cromwell. Went abroad again, and 
 returned to England after Restoration. 
 Lectured at Gresham Coll., 23 Jan. 
 1661. On first Council of Royal Soc, 
 1663. Forbidden the Court, 1664. 
 Died, in London, 11 June 1665. 
 Buried in Christ Church, Newgate. 
 
 Works : ' A Conference with a 
 Lady,' 1638 ; ' Sir Kenelm Digby's 
 Honour maintained,' 1641 ; ' Observa- 
 tions upon Religio Medici,' 1643 ; 
 'Observations on Bk. II., canto IX., 
 stanza 22 of Spenser's " Faery 
 Queene," ' 1643 ; ' A Treatise of the 
 Nature of Bodies,' 1644 ; * A Treatise 
 declaring the Operations and Nature 
 of Man's Soul,' 1644 ; ' The RoyaU 
 Apologie' (anon.), 1648; 'Institu- 
 tionum Peripateticorum libri quinque ' 
 (probably written with Thomas White), 
 1651 ; 'Letters [with Lord G. Digby] 
 . . . concerning Religion,' 1651 ; * A 
 Discourse concerning Infallibility in 
 Religion ' (anon.), 1652 ; * A Late 
 Discourse . . . touching the Cure of 
 Wounds by the Powder of Sympathy,' 
 1658 ; 'A Discourse concerning the 
 Vegetation of Plants,' 1661. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Choice and Experi- 
 mented Receipts in Physick and Chi- 
 rurgery,' 1668 ; ' The Closet of . . . 
 Sir Kenelm Digby Opened,' 1669 ; 
 ' Private Memoirs,' ed. by Sir H. N. 
 Nicholas (2 pts.), 1827-28 ; ' Journal 
 of a "Voyage into the Mediterranean,' 
 ed. by J. Bruce, 1868 ; 'Poems,' ed. 
 by G. F. Warner, 1877. 
 
 He translated: Bishop of Ratis- 
 bon's 'Treatise of Adhering to God,' 
 1653-54. 
 
DISRAELI 
 
 dl 
 
 DISBAELI (Benjamin) 1st Earl of 
 Beaconsfield, 1804-1881. Born, in Lon- 
 don, 21 Dec. 1804. Educated at school 
 at Blackheath. Articled to solicitor, 18 
 Nov. 1S21. Entered at Lincoln's 
 Inn, 1824. Visit to Spain, Italy, and 
 Levant, 1828-31. Worked at litera- 
 ture for five years. M.P. for Maid- 
 stone, July 1837. Married Mrs. 
 Wyndham Lewis, 23 Aug. 1839. M.P. 
 for Shrewsbury, 1841. Visit to Ger- 
 many and France, autumn of 1845. 
 Leader of Opposition in House of 
 Commons, Sept. 1848. Chancellor of 
 Exchequer, Feb. 1852. Contrib. to 
 ' The Press ' newspaper, 1853-58. 
 Chancellor of Exchequer second time, 
 1865; Prime Minister, March to Nov., 
 1868. Active political life. Wife 
 died, 15 Dec. 1872. Prime Minister 
 second time, Jan. 1874 to March 1880. 
 Last speech in House of Commons, 11 
 Aug. 1876. Created Earl of Beacons- 
 field, 12 Aug. 1876. Died, 19 April 
 1881. Buried at Hughenden. 
 
 Works: 'Vivian Grey' (anon.) pt. i., 
 1826 ; pt. ii., 1827 ; 'The Star Cham- 
 ber ' (anon. ; suppressed), 1826 ; ' The 
 Voyage of Captain Popanilla ' (anon. ), 
 1828; 'The Young Duke' (anon.), 
 
 1831 ; ' Contarini Fleming * (anon.), 
 
 1832 ; ' England and France ' (anon.), 
 
 1832 ; 'What is he?' (anon.), 1833 ; 
 'The Wondrous Tale of Alroy' (anon,), 
 
 1833 ; ' The Present Crisis Examined,' 
 
 1834 ; ' The Rise of Iskander,' 1834 ; 
 
 • The Revolutionary Epic,' 1834 ; 
 ' Vindication of the British Constitu- 
 tion,' 1835 ; ' Letters of Runnymede ' 
 (anon.), 1836 ; 'The Spirit of Whig- 
 gism,' 1836 ; ' Venetia ' (anon.), 1837 ; 
 'Henrietta Temple' (anon.), 1837; 
 
 * The Tragedy of Count Alarcos ' 
 (anon.), 1839 ; ' Coningsby,' 1844 ; 
 ' Sybil,' 1845 ; 'Tancred,' 1847 ; 'Mr. 
 Gladstone's Finance,' 1862 ; ' Lothair,' 
 1870 ; ' Novels and Tales ' (collected), 
 1870-71; 'Endymion' (anon.), 1880. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Home Letters,' 1885 ; 
 ' Correspondence with his Sister,' 
 1886. 
 
 He edited the following editions of 
 works by his father : ' Curiosities of 
 Literature,' 1849 ; 'Charles I.,' 1851 ; 
 •Works,* 1858-59; 'Amenities of 
 
 Literature,' 1881; 'Literary Character,* 
 1881 ; ' Calamities of Authors,' 1881* 
 Life : by Kebbel, 1888 ; by Froude^ 
 1890. 
 
 DISRAELI (Isaac), 1766-1848. 
 [Father of preceding.] Born, at En- 
 field, May 1766. Educated at a school 
 near Enfield. At Amsterdam, 1780-82. 
 Contrib. to ' Gentleman's Magazine,' 
 Dec. 1786 and July 1789; to 'St. 
 James's Chronicle,' Nov. 1787. In 
 France, 1787 - 89. In Devonshire, 
 owing to ill-health, 1795-98. Mar- 
 ried Maria Basevi, 10 Feb. 1802. 
 Elected Warden of London Synagogue 
 of Spanish and Portuguese Jews, 3 
 Oct. 1813, but declined the office. 
 Active literary life. Removed from 
 London to Bradenham House, Bucks, 
 1829. Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 4 July 
 1832. Became blind, 1839. Died, at 
 Bradenham, 19 Jan. 1848. Buried 
 there. 
 
 Works: * A Defence of Poetry,' 1790 ; 
 'Narrative Poems,' 1803; 'Curiosi- 
 ties of Literature ' (anon.) vol. i., 1791; 
 vol. ii., 1793 ; voL iii., 1817 ; vols. iv. 
 and v., 1823 ; vol. vi., 1834 (various 
 edns. of whole, 1793-1841); 2nd series, 
 1823 ; 'A Dissertation on Anecdotes ' 
 (anon.), 1793; 'Domestic Anecdotes 
 of the French Nation ' (anon. ), 1794 ; 
 ' Essay on the Manners and Genius of 
 the Literary Character,' 1795 (enlarged 
 edn. under title of ' The Literary Cha- 
 racter ' anon., 1818) ; ' Miscellanies,' 
 1796; *Vaurien' (anon.), 1797; 'Flim- 
 Flams' (anon.); 1797; 'Mejnounand 
 Leila,' 1797; 'Romances,' 1799; 'Des- 
 potism ' (anon.), 1811 ; ' Calamities of 
 Authors' (anon.), 1812-13 ; 'Quarrels of 
 Authors' (anon.), 1814; ' Inquiry into 
 the Literary and Political Character of 
 James I.,' 1816 ; 'Commentaries on 
 the Life and Reign of Charles I.,' 
 1828 - 31 ; ' Eliot, Hampden, and 
 Pym' (anon.), 1832; 'The Genius 
 of Judaism' (anon.), 1833; 'The 
 Illustrator Illustrated ' (anon.), 1838 ; 
 ' Amenities of Literature,' 1840. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by Benjamin 
 Disraeli, 1858-59. 
 
 Life: by Benjamin Disraeli, in 1849 
 edn. of ' Curiosities of Literature.' 
 
82 
 
 DIXON-DOBSON 
 
 DIXON (William Hepworth), 1821- 
 i879. Born, at Great Ancoats, Man- 
 chester, 30 June 1821. Lived as a boy 
 with grand-uncle, who educated him. 
 Started life as clerk to a merchant in 
 Manchester. Contrib. to 'North of 
 England Mag.,' 1842-43 ; to Jerrold's 
 'Illuminated Mag.,' 1843. For short 
 time editor of ' Cheltenham Journal,' 
 1846. To London, summer of 1846. 
 Entered at Middle Temple. Called 
 to Bar, 1 May 1854. Contrib. 
 regularly to * Daily News ' and 
 
 • Athenaeum.' Deputy Commissioner 
 of Exhibition of 1850. F.S.A., 8 
 June 1852; F.R.G.S., 27 Nov. 1854. 
 Editor of ' Athenaeum,' Jan. 1853 to 
 Aug. 1869. Contrib. to 'Gentleman's 
 Mag.,' 1860. Travelled in Spain, 
 Portugal and Morocco, 1861 ; in East, 
 1863. Founded Palestine Exploration 
 Fund, 1863. To United States, 1866. 
 To Russia, 1867. J.P. for Middlesex 
 and Westminster, 1869. Member of 
 London School Board, 1870. To Spain, 
 1872. Created Knight Commander of 
 Crown by Emperor Wilhelm of Ger- 
 many, 4 Oct. 1872. Procured free open- 
 ing of Tower of London, 1872. Libel 
 action against ' Pall Mall Gaz.,' Nov. 
 1872. In Canada and U.S.A., autumn 
 of 1874. In Italy and Germany, 1875. 
 In Cyprus, 1878. Died, in London, 
 27 Dec. 1879. Buried in Highgate 
 Cemetery. 
 
 Works : ' Azamoglan ' (privately 
 printed), [1840 ?] ; ' John Howard and 
 the Prison World of Europe,' 1849 ; 
 
 • The London Prisons,' 1850 ; 'William 
 Penn,' 1851 ; 'The French in England' 
 (anon.), 1852; 'Robert Blake,' 1852; 
 •Personal History of Lord Bacon,' 
 1861 ; ' Proof -Private : Lord Bacon's 
 Confession,' 1861 ; 'The Story of Lord 
 Bacon's Life,' 1862 ; ' The Holy Land,' 
 1865; 'New America,' 1867; 'Free 
 Voting,' 1868; 'Our Representative 
 System,' 1868 ; ' Spiritual Wives,' 
 1868; 'Her Majesty's Tower,' vols. 
 i., ii., 1869 ; vols, iii., iv., 1871 ; 'Free 
 Russia,' 1870; 'Secret History of 
 " The International " Working Men's 
 Association ' (under pseud. ' Onslow 
 Yorke'), 1872 [1871] ; 'The Switzers,' 
 1872 ; 'The History of Two Queens,' 
 
 2 vols., 1873-74; 'The White Con- 
 quest,' 1876 [1875]; 'Diana, Lady 
 Lyle,' 1877; 'Ruby Gray,' 1878; 
 'Royal Windsor,' vols, i., ii., 1879 
 [1878] ; • British Cyprus,' 1879. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Royal Windsor/ 
 vols, iii., iv., 1880. 
 
 He edited : 'Lady Morgan's Me- 
 moirs,' 1862 ; F. W. Evans's 'Religious 
 Communism ' [1871]. 
 
 DOBELL (Sydney Thompson), 1824- 
 1874. Born, at Cranbrook, Kent, 
 5 April 1824. Family removed to 
 Cheltenham, 1836. Educated privately. 
 Married Emily Fordham, 18 July 1844. 
 Literary activity, and enthusiasm in 
 patriotic causes of various countries. 
 Visit to Switzerland, Aug. 1850. 
 Lived in Edinburgh, 1854-57. Win- 
 tered in Isle of Wight, 1858-61. In- 
 creasing ill-health. Wintered near 
 Cannes, 1862 ; in Spain, 1863 ; in 
 Italy, 1864. Lived in Gloucestershire 
 from 1866 till death. Died, at Barton- 
 End House, Gloucestershire, 22 Aug. 
 1874. Buried in Painswick Ceme- 
 tery. 
 
 Works : ' The Roman ' (under pseud. 
 'Sydney Yendys'), 1850; 'Balder' 
 (anon.), 1854 [1853] ; 'Sonnets on the 
 War' (with A. Smith; anon.), 1855 ; 
 'England in Time of War,' 1856; 
 'The Nature of Poetry,' 1857; 'Of 
 Parliamentary Reform,' 1865. 
 
 Collected Works: Poems (2 vols.), 
 1875 ; Prose, 1876 ; 'Thoughts on Art, 
 Philosophy and Religion,' ed. by G. 
 Nichol, 1876; 'Life and Letters' 
 (2 vols.), 1878. 
 
 DOBSON (Henry Austin), b. 1840. 
 Born, at Plymouth, 18 Jan. 1840. 
 Educated at schools at Beaumaris, 
 Coventry and Strasburg. Returned 
 from Strasburg, 1856. Intended at 
 first to become Civil Engineer ; but 
 was appointed Clerk in Board of 
 Trade, Dec. 1856. Frequent con- 
 tributor to periodicals. Elected Mem- 
 ber of Athenasum Club, 1891. 
 
 Works: 'Vignettes in Rhyme,' 
 1873; 'Civil Service Handbook of 
 English Literature,' 1874 ; « Proverbs 
 in Porcelain,' 1877; 'Hogarfh,' 1880 
 
BODGSON— DODSLEY 
 
 8S 
 
 (enlarged edn., 1891); 'Eighteenth Cen- 
 tury Essays,' 1882 ; 'Fielding,' 1883; 
 *01d-World Idylls,' 1883; 'Thomas 
 Bewick and his pupils,' 1884 ; * At the 
 Sign of the Lyre,' 1885 ; 'Richard 
 Steele,' 1886; 'Life of Oliver Gold- 
 smith,' 1888 [1887]; 'Poems on 
 several occasions,' 1889 ; * Horace 
 Walpole,' 1890 ; 'Four Frenchwomen,' 
 1890 ; 'The Ballad of Beau Brocade,' 
 1892 ; 'Eighteenth Century Vignettes,' 
 first series, 1892 ; second series, 1894 ; 
 third series, 1896 ; 'Coridon's Song,' 
 1894 ; 'The Story of Rosina,' 1895. 
 
 He has edited : White's ' Civil 
 Service History of England,' 1870 ; 
 Gay's 'Fables,' 1882; Goldsmith's 
 
 * Vicar of Wakefield,' 1883, 1885, and 
 1890; Defoe's 'Robinson Crusoe,' 
 1883 ; Selections from Herrick, 1883 ; 
 Beaumarchais' ' Le Barbier de Seville,' 
 1884 ; Lang's 'Ballades and Verses 
 Vain,' 1884 ; Selections from Steele, 
 1885 ; Selectionsfrom Goldsmith, 1887 ; 
 Selections from Prior, 1889 ; Gold- 
 smith's 'Poems and Plays,' 1889 ; 'The 
 Quiet Life,' 1890 ; Goldsmith's 'Citizen 
 of the World,' 1891 ; Fielding's 'Jour- 
 nal of a Voyage to Lisbon,' 1892 ; 
 Holbein's 'Dance of Death,' 1892; 
 Chelidonius' 'Little Passion' of Diirer, 
 1894; Marteilhe's ' Memoirs of a Pro- 
 testant,' 1895; Jane Austen's 'Works,' 
 1895, etc. 
 
 DODGSON (Charles Lutwige), b. 
 1832. Born, 1832. Matric, Ch. Ch., 
 Oxford, 23 May 1850 ; Student, 1852- 
 70; B.A., 1854; M.A., 1857- Or- 
 dained Deacon, 1861. Mathematical 
 Lecturer, Ch. Ch., 1855-81. 
 
 Works:* 'A Syllabus of Plane Alge- 
 braical Geometry,' 1860 ; ' The For- 
 mulae of Plane 'Trigonometry,' 1861 ; 
 
 * A Guide to the Mathematical Stu- 
 dent,' 1864 ; ' Alice's Adventures in 
 Wonderland ' (under pseud. ' Lewis 
 OarroU '), 1866 [1865] ; ' An Elemen- 
 tary Treatise on Determinants,' 1867; 
 ^The Fifth Book of Euclid treated 
 
 * It should be noted that Mr. Dodgson 
 -states, -with reference to this list, that he 
 ' neither claims nor acknowledges any con- 
 nection with the books not published under 
 
 Algebraically,' 1868 ; ' Phantasma- 
 goria ' (by ' Lewis Carroll '), 1869 ; 
 'Songs from "Alice's Adventures in 
 Wonderland," ' 1870 ; ' Through the 
 Looking-Glass ' (by ' Lewis Carroll '), 
 1871 ; 'Facts, Figures and Fancies,' 
 (reprint of part of Phantasmagoria), 
 1871 ; ' Euclid, Bk. V., proved Alge- 
 braically,' 1874; 'The Hunting of 
 the Snark' (by 'Lewis Carroll'), 1876; 
 ' Euclid and his Modern Rivals,' 1879; 
 ♦Doublets ' (by 'Lewis Carroll'), 1879 ; 
 
 ♦ Rhyme and Reason ' (by ' Lewis 
 Carroll'), 1883; 'Lawn Tennis Tour- 
 naments,' 1883 ; ' The Principles of 
 Parliamentary Representation,' 1884 ; 
 'A Tangled Tale' (by 'Lewis Carroll '), 
 1885 ; * Alice's Adventures Under- 
 ground : a facsimile of the original 
 MS.,' 1886; 'The Game of Logic' 
 (by 'Lewis Carroll'), 1887 ; 'Curiosa 
 Mathematica,' pt. i., 1888; 'Sylvia 
 and Bruno' (by 'Lewis Carroll'), 
 1889 ; 'The Nursery " Alice," ' 1890 ; 
 'Sylvie and Bruno concluded' (by 
 'Lewis Carroll'), 1893; 'Symbolic 
 Logic,' pt. i., 1896. 
 
 He has edited: Euclid, Bks. i. ii., 
 1882. 
 
 DODSLEY (Robert), 1703-1764. 
 Born, near Mansfield [?], Notts, 1703. 
 Apprenticed to a stocking- weaver ; 
 ran away, and entered domestic ser- 
 vice. Contrib. a poem to 'Country 
 Journal,' Sept. 1729. In domestic 
 service till 1735. 'The Toy-Shop' 
 produced at Co vent Garden, 3 Feb. 
 1735. Opened a bookseller's shop in 
 Pall Mall, 1735. ' The King and the 
 Miller of Mansfield' produced at 
 Drury Lane, 1 Feb. 1737 ; 'Sir John 
 Cockle at Court,' 23 Feb. 1738 ; 
 
 • The Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green,' 
 3 April 1741. Published for Pope, 
 Young, Akenside and Dr. Johnson, 
 Imprisoned for libel, 1739. Published 
 ' The Publick Register,' Jan. to June, 
 1741. Published 'The Museum,' 
 March 1746 to Sept. 1747. 'The Tri- 
 umph of Peace ' produced at Drury 
 Lane, 21 Feb. 1749. Published ' The 
 World.' 1753 57. ' Cleone ' produced 
 at Co vent Garden, 2 Dec. 1758. 
 Founded 'The Annual Register,' 
 
 6-2 
 
u 
 
 DONNE 
 
 1758. Retired from business, 1759. 
 Died, ab Durham, 25 Dec. 1764. 
 Buried in churchyard of Durham 
 Abbey. 
 
 Works : ' Servitude ... by a Foot- 
 man' (anon.), [1729] (republished as 
 'The Footman's Friendly Advice to 
 his Brethren of the Livery ... By 
 K D., Footman' [1731]); 'AnEnter- 
 tainment designed for Her Majesty's 
 Birthday,' 1732; *An Entertain- 
 ment designed for the Wedding 
 of Governor Lowther,' 1732 ; ' A 
 Muse in Livery,' 1732 (2nd edn., 
 same year) ; * The Toy-Shop,' 1735 ; 
 'The Art of Preaching' (anon.), 
 [1735 ?] ; 'The King and the MiUer 
 of Mansfield,' [1737]; 'Sir John 
 Cockle at Court ' (anon.), 1738; 'The 
 Chronicle of the Kings of England ' 
 (under pseud, of 'Nathan Ben Saddi'), 
 bk. i., 1740; bk. ii., 1741; 'The 
 Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green,' 
 1741; 'Pain and Patience,' 1742; 
 • Colin's Kisses,' 1742 ; ' The Book of 
 the Chronicle of James the Nephew ' 
 (anon.), 1743; 'A Select Collection 
 of Old Plays ' (anon. ; 12 vols.), 1744; 
 •Rex et Pontifex,' 1745; 'The Pre- 
 ception ' (anon.), 1748 ; * A Collection 
 of Poems by Several Hands ' (anon.), 
 vols, i.-iii., 1748; vol. iv., 1749; vols, v., 
 vi., 1758 ; 'Trifles,' 1748 ; 'The Tri- 
 umph of Peace,' 1749; 'The Economy 
 of Human Life ' (anon. ; possibly by 
 Lord Chesterfield), [1751] (2nd edn., 
 same year) ; ' Public Virtue,' 1753 ; 
 'Theatrical Records' (anon.), 1756; 
 ' Melpomene' (anon.), 1757; ' Cleone,' 
 1758; 'Select Fables,' 1761; 'Fugitive 
 Pieces,' 1761. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Miscellanies,' 1777. 
 
 He edited : Shenstone's Works, 
 1764. 
 
 DONNE (John), 1573-1631. Born, 
 in London, 1573. Privately educated. 
 Matric. Hart Hall, Oxford, 23 Oct. 
 1584. Took no degree. Probably 
 ■ travelled abroad, 1588-91. Admitted 
 to Lincoln's Inn, 6 May 1592. With 
 Earl of Essex to Cadiz, June 1596. 
 Secretary to Sir Thomas Egerton, 
 Aug. 1596 to 1601. Wrote many 
 ^poems and satires. Married secretly 
 
 Anne More, niece of Lady Egerton, 
 Dec. [?] 1600. Dismissed from secre- 
 taryship when marriage was dis- 
 covered. Lived at a friend's house at 
 Pyrford till 1604 ; then with brother- 
 in-law. Sir Thomas Grymes, at Peck- 
 ham ; and subsequently lived at 
 Mitcham. Gradually obtained favour 
 at Court of James L Degree of M.A., 
 Oxford, conferred, 10 Oct. 1610. To 
 Germany, France and Belgium with 
 Sir Robert Drury, Nov. 1611 to Aug. 
 1612. Studied theology. Ordained, 
 Jan. 1615, and appointed Chaplain to 
 King. Degree of D.D., Cambridge^ 
 granted at King's request, March 
 1615. Rector of Keyston, Hants, 
 Jan. 1616 ; of Sevenoaks, July 1616. 
 Divinity Reader to Lincoln's Inn, 
 Oct. 1616 to Feb. 1622. Wife died, 
 16 Aug. 1617. To Germany with 
 Lord Doncaater, as Chaplain, April 
 1619. Dean of St. Paul's, 27 Nov. 
 1621. Prolocutor to Convocation, 
 1623 and 1624. Rector of Blunham, 
 Beds, 1622 ; Vicar of St. Dunstan's- 
 in-the-West, 1623. Died, in London, 
 31 March 1631. Buried in St. Paul's 
 Cathedral. 
 
 Works: 'Pseudo- Martyr,' 1610; 
 ' Conclave Ignatii,' 1610 [?] (only two 
 copies known) ; an English version of 
 preceding, ' Ignatius his Conclave * 
 (anon.), 1611; 'An Anatomy of the 
 World' (anon.), 1611 ; 'The Progress 
 of the Soule' (anon.), 1621 ; * A Ser- 
 mon ' [on Judges xx. 15], 1622; *A 
 Sermon' [on Acts i. 8], 1622; 'En- 
 caenia,' 1623; • Devotions upon IJrgent 
 Occasions,' 1624 (2nd edn. same year); 
 • The First Sermon preached to King 
 Charles,' 1625 ; 'A Sermon preached 
 to the King's M«e ' 1626 ; ' Four Ser- 
 mons,' 1625; 'A Sermon of Com- 
 memoration of the Lady Da vers,* 
 1627 ; ' Death's Duell,' 1630. 
 
 Posthumoibs: 'Poems by J. D.,* 
 1633; 'Juvenilia,' 1633; 'Six Ser- 
 mons,' 1634; 'LXXX Sermons/ 
 1640 ; 'Bia9avaT0Q,' 1644 ; 'Poems,' 
 1649; 'Fifty Sermons,' 1649; 'Essays^ 
 in Divinity,' 1651; ' Letters to Several 
 Persons of Honour,' 1651; 'Para- 
 doxes, Problemes, Essayes, etc.,' 1652;. 
 ' Fasciculus Poematum ' (mostly spu- 
 
DORAN-DOUDNEY 
 
 85 
 
 rious), 1652; *Six and twenty Ser- 
 mons,' 1660; * A Collection of Letters,' 
 1660 ; 'Donne's Satyr,' 1662. 
 
 Collected Works: 'Poetical Works,' 
 ed. by Izaak Walton (3 vols.), 
 1779 ; ♦ Poems,' ed. by Hannah, 1843; 
 Unpublished Poems,' ed. by Sir John 
 Simeon, [1856] ; 'Poems,' ed. by Sir 
 John Simeon, 1858 ; 'Works,* ed. by 
 Alford, 1839 ; ' Poems,' ed. by Grosart 
 (2 vols.), 1872-73. 
 
 Life : by Walton, ed. by Causton, 
 1855. 
 
 DORAN (John), 1807-1878. Born, 
 in London, 11 March 1807. Edu- 
 cated at Matheson's Academy, Mar- 
 garet Street ; gained medal presented 
 by Duke of Kent, 1819. Travelling 
 tutor to George Murray, eldest son of 
 Lord Glenlyon, 1823-28 ; contributed 
 during same time to * Literary 
 Chronicle.* A melodrama, ' Justice, 
 or the Venetian Jew,' produced at 
 Surrey Theatre, 8 April, 1824. Other 
 tutorships, 1828-37. Contributed 
 translations of foreign lyrics to ' Bath 
 Journal.' Married Emma Gilbert, 
 3 July 1834. Lived for a time at 
 Knaresbcrough. Travelled abroad, 
 1837-40. Doctor's degree at Marburg 
 University. Editor of * Church and 
 State Gazette,' 1841-52. First con- 
 tributed to 'Athenaeum,' 1854 ; acted 
 as editor, 1869-70. Editor of ' Notes 
 and Queries,' Oct. 1872 till his death. 
 Died, at Notting Hill, 25 Jan. 1878 ; 
 buried at Kensal Green. 
 
 Works : ' Sketches and Remi- 
 niscences,' 1828; 'History of Read- 
 ing,' 1835; 'Filia Dolorosa' (ex- 
 panded from a fragment written by 
 Mrs. Romer), 1852; 'Table Traits,' 
 1854; 'Habits and Men,' 1854; 
 * Lives of the Queens of the House of 
 Hanover,' 1855; 'Knights and their 
 Days,' 1856 ; ' Monarchs Retired from 
 Business,' 1857 ; ' History of Court 
 Pools,' 1858 ; ' New Pictures and Old 
 Panels,* 1859 ; 'Book of the Princes 
 of Wales,' 1860 ; ' Memoir of Queen 
 Adelaide,' 1861; 'Their Majesties' 
 Servants,' 1864 [1863] ; ' Saints and 
 Sinners,' 1868 ; 'A Souvenir of the 
 War of 1870-1,' 1871; 'A Lady of the 
 
 Last Century,' 1873 ; ' " Mann " and 
 Manners at the Court of Florence,* 
 1876 ; 'London in the Jacobite Times,' 
 1877; 'Memories of our Great Towns,' 
 1878. 
 
 Posthumous : * In and about Drury 
 Lane ' (from ' Temple Bar '), 1881. 
 
 "H-e edited: Xenophon's "Ava/3a(Ttc,' 
 1852; Young's 'Night Thoughts,' 
 1853, and 'Works,' 1854; 'The 
 Bentley Ballads,' 1858; Horace Wal- 
 pole's ' Journal of the Reign of King 
 George the Third,' 1859 ; Tucker- 
 man's ' The Collector,' 1868. 
 
 DOUDNEY (Sarah). Born, at 
 Portsmouth, 1843. Childhood spent 
 in village of Lovedean, Hampshire. 
 At school at Southsea. Two poems 
 pub. in * All the Year Round,' 1861. 
 Contrib. to 'Churchman's Family 
 Mag.,' 1861-64. Resides in Hamp- 
 shire. 
 
 Works : ' The Angels of Christmas, ' 
 1870 ; • Faith Harrowby,' 1871 ; 
 •Psalms of Life,' 1871; 'Under 
 Gray Walls,' 1871; 'Monksbury 
 College,' 1872; 'The Beautiful Island ' 
 (with others), 1872 ; ' Wave upon 
 Wave,' 1873 ; 'Janet Darney,' 1873 ; 
 
 * Nothing but Leaves,' 1875 ; ' Brave 
 Seth,' 1877; 'Stories of Girlhood,' 
 1877; 'Strangers Yet,' 1880; 
 'When We Two Parted,' 1880; 
 'Stepping Stones,' 1880; 'Michael- 
 mas Daisy,' 1882; 'Stories of Girl- 
 hood,' 1882; 'Anna Cavaye,' 1882; 
 
 • Nelly Channell,' 1883 ; 'What's in a 
 Name ?' 1883 ; ' Miss Stepney's For- 
 tune' (anon.), 1883; *A Woman's 
 Story,' 1883; 'A Long Lane with a 
 Turning,' 1884 ; 'The Strength of her 
 Youth,' 1884; 'Prudence Winterbum,' 
 1886 [1885] ; « When we were Girls 
 Together,' 1886 ; ' ASon of the Morn- 
 ing,' 1887 ; 'The Missing Rubies,' 
 1887; 'Miss Willowburn's Ofifer,' 
 1888 [1887] ; ' The Vicar of Redcross,' 
 1888; 'Thy Heart's Desire,' 1888; 
 ' Under False Colours,' 1889 [1888] ; 
 'Where the Dew Falls in London,' 
 1889; 'Gatty Penning,' 1890; 
 'Thistle Down,' 1890 ; 'The Family 
 Difficulty,' 1891 ; ' Where Two Ways 
 Meet,' 1891 ; 'Godiva Durleigh/ 
 
89 
 
 DOUGLAS— DOYLE 
 
 1891 ; 'Through Pain to Peace,' 1892 ; 
 *A Child of the Precinct,' 1892 ; 
 ♦Voices in the Starlight,' 1892 ; 
 ' Drifting Leaves,' 1892 ; * My Mes- 
 sage,' 1892 ; ' Violets for Faithfulness,' 
 1893 ; 'A Romance of Lincoln's Inn,' 
 1893 ; • Louie's Married Life,' 1894 ; 
 • A Vanished Hand,' 1896 [1895] ; 
 'Bitter and Sweet,' 1896 [1895]; 
 ' Katharine's Keys,' 1896 [1895]. 
 
 She has edited : H. White's ' Echoes 
 from a Sanctuary,* 1891. 
 
 DOUGLAS (6&vin), Bishop of Dun- 
 keld, 1474 [?]-1522. Born, in Scotland, 
 1474 [or 1475?]. To St. Andrew's 
 University, 1489; B.A., 1492 ; M.A., 
 1494. Subsequently possibly at 
 University of Paris. Ordained Rector 
 of Monymusk, Aberdeenshire, 1496 ; 
 subsequently Parson of Lynton, and 
 Rector of Prestonkirk. Provost of 
 St. Giles, Edinburgh, 1501 [?]. Free- 
 dom of City of Edinburgh, 30 Sept. 
 1513. Abbot of Aberbrothock, 1514. 
 Bishop of Dunkeld, Jan. 1515 ; im- 
 prisoned by Duke of Albany in connec- 
 tion with the appointment, 1515-16 ; 
 released and appointment definitely 
 made, 1516. Visit to France on Poli- 
 tical Matters, 1517. Went to Court 
 of Henry VIIL, 1521 ; was removed 
 from bishopric, 1522. Died, in Lon- 
 don, Sept. 1522 ; buried in the Savoy 
 Hospital Church. 
 
 Works [all posthumous] : * The Palis 
 of Honour e * [1553 ?] ; Translation of 
 Virgil's '^neid,' 1553; *A Descrip- 
 tion of May,' 1752 ; * A Description of 
 Winter,' 1754 ; ' Select Works ' (with 
 memoir), 1787 ; 'Political Works . . . 
 with Memoir by J. Small ' (4 vols. ), 
 1874. 
 
 DOWDEN (Edward), b. 1843. Bom, 
 in Cork, 3 May 1843. Student at 
 Queen's Coll., Cork, 1858-59. Matric. 
 Trinity Coll., Dublin, 1859 ; B.A., 
 1863; M.A., 1867; Vice-Chancellor'a 
 Prizes' for English verse and English 
 prose ; First Senior Moderator in 
 Logic and Ethics, 1863. Contrib. to 
 'Temple Bar' and 'Eraser's Mag.' 
 while at college. Studied Theology, 
 1863-65. Married Mary Gierke, 1866. 
 Professor of English Literature, Trin. 
 
 Coll., Dublin, 1867; LL.D., 1872. 
 Hon. LL.D., Edinburgh, 1887. Cun- 
 ningham Gold Medal of Royal Irish 
 Academy. Pres. of English Goethe 
 Soc, 1888. First ' Taylorian ' Lecturer 
 at Oxford, 1889; Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 
 1892. Hon. D.Litt., Dublin, 1892. 
 Wife died, 1892. 'Clark' Lecturer, 
 Trinity CoU., Cambridge, 1893-96. 
 Political as well as literary activity. 
 Married Elizabeth Dickinson West, 
 Dec. 1895. Commissioner on Board 
 of National Education in Ireland, 
 1896. LL.D,, Princeton, New Jersey, 
 Oct. 1896. Contributor to 'Saturday 
 Review,' 'Academy,' 'Chambers* 
 Encyclopaedia,' etc. 
 
 Works : * Shakspere ; a critical 
 study,' 1875 ; ' Poems,' 1876 ; 'Studies 
 in Literature,' 1878 ; ' Shakspere ' (in 
 
 • Green's Literature Primers '), 1877 ; 
 'Southey ' (in 'English Men of Letters' 
 series), 1879 ; Life of Shelley, 1886 ; 
 ' Transcripts and Studies,' 1888 ; ' In- 
 troduction to Shakespeare,' 1893 ; 
 
 * New Studies in Literature,' 1895. 
 
 He has edited: ' Shakespeare Scenes 
 and Characters,' 1876; 'The Corre- 
 spondence of Robert Southey with 
 Caroline Bowles,' 1881 ; Shake- 
 speare's 'Sonnets,' 1881 ; Spenser's 
 Poems, 1882; 'The Passionate Pil- 
 grim,' 1883; Shakespeare's 'Romeo 
 and Juliet,' 1884 ; ' The International 
 Shakspere,' 1887, etc. ; ' Sir H. Tay- 
 lor's Correspondence,' 1888; Goethe's 
 'Wilhelm Meister,' 1890; 'Lyrical 
 Ballads,' 1890 ; Shelley's Poems, 
 1890 ; Wordsworth's Poems, 1892 ; 
 Sir E. K. Sullivan's 'Tales from Scott,' 
 1894. 
 
 DOYLE {Sir Francis Hastings 
 Charles), BaH. 1810-1888. Born, at 
 Nunappleton, Yorkshire, 22 Aug. 1810. 
 Educated at Eton till 1828. Matric, 
 Ch. Ch., Oxford, 6 June 1828 ; B.A., 
 1832 ; B.C.L., 1843 ; M.A., 1847 ; 
 FeUow of All Souls Coll., 1835-45. 
 Student of Inner Temple, 11 Oct. 
 1832 ; called to Bar, 17 Nov. 1837. 
 Succeeded to Baronetcy on his father's 
 death, 6 Nov. 1839. Married Sidney 
 Williams- Wynn, 12 Dec. 1844. Prof, 
 of Poetry, Oxford, and Fellowship 
 
DRAYTON— DRUMMOND 
 
 87 
 
 (for second time) at All Souls' Coll. , 
 1867-77 ; created D.O.L., 11 Dec. 1877. 
 Receiver-General of Customs, 1846-69 ; 
 Commissioner of Customs, 1869-83. 
 Died, 8 June 1888. 
 
 Works : ' Miscellaneous Verses,' 
 1834; 'The Two Destinies,' 1844; 
 • The Duke's Funeral ' [1852] ; • The 
 Return of the Guards, and other 
 Poems,' 1866 ; ' Lectures delivered 
 before the University of Oxford, 1868,' 
 1869 ; ' Lectures on Poetry. . . Second 
 series,' 1877 ; 'Robin Hood's Bay,' 
 1878; ' Reminiscences and Opinions,' 
 1886. 
 
 He translated : Sophocles' ' (^dipus 
 Tjrannus,' 1849. 
 
 DEAYTON (Michael), 1563-1631. 
 Born, at Hartshill, Warwickshire, 
 1563. Probably page in household of 
 Sir Henry Goodere of Powlesworth. 
 First work published (and suppressed), 
 1591. Wrote many poetical works. 
 Wrote for stage, 1597-1602. Esquire 
 to Sir Walter Aston, 1603. Probably 
 not married. Died, 1631. Buried in 
 Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works: 'The Harmonie of the 
 Church,' 1591 (suppressed ; reissued as 
 'A Heavenly Harmonie,' 1610); 'Idea,' 
 1593 ; 'The Legend of Piers Gaveston,' 
 1593; 'Matilda,' 1594; 'Endymion 
 and Phoebe ' [1594] ; 'Ideas Mirrour,' 
 1594; 'Mortimeriados,' 1596 (re- 
 issued as 'The Barrons' Wars,' 1603) ; 
 'PoemesLyrick andPastorall' [1605?]; 
 'England's Heroicall Epistles,' 1597 ; 
 ' The First Part of the . . . Life of 
 Sir John Oldcastle' (probably by 
 Munday, Drayton, and others), 1600 ; 
 'To the Majestie of King James,' 
 1603 ; 'A Psean Triumphall,' 1604 ; 
 'The Owle,' 1604 ; 'Moyses in a Map 
 of his Miracles,' 1604 ; ' Poems,' 1605; 
 ' Poems Lyrick and Pastorall : Odes, 
 Eglogs, etc' [1606 ?] ; ' The Historie 
 cf the Life and Death of the Lord 
 Cromwell,' 1609; ' Poly-Olbion, pt. i. 
 [1612] ; pt. ii., 1622 ; ' Poems,' 1619; 
 'Certain Elegies' (anon., with Beau- 
 mont and others), 1620 ; ' The Battaile 
 of Agincourt, etc.,' 1627 ; ' The Muses 
 Elizium,'1630 ;'Noah'sFloud' (anon.), 
 1630. 
 
 He contrib. verses to Morley's ' First 
 Book of Ballets,' 1595 ; Middleton's 
 'Legend of Duke Humphrey,' 1600 ; 
 De Serres ' Perfect Useof Silk-wormes,' 
 1607 ; Davies' ' Holy Rood,' 1609 ; 
 Murray's ' Sophonisba,' 1611 ; Tuke's 
 'Discourse against Painting ... of 
 Women,' 1616 ; Chapman's * Hesiod,' 
 1618; Munday's 'Primaleon of 
 Greece,' 1619 ; Vicars' 'Manuductio' 
 [1620?]; Holland's 'Naumachia,' 
 1622; Sir J. Beaumont's ' Bos worth 
 Field,' 1629. 
 
 Collected Works : in 1 vol., 1748 ; 
 in 4 vols., 1753 ; ed. by J. P. Collier, 
 1856. 
 
 DBUMMOND (William), 1685-1649. 
 Born, at Hawthornden, 13 Dec. 1585. 
 Educated at Edinburgh High School 
 till 1601 ; at Edinburgh University, 
 1601-05 ; M.A., 27 July 1605. To 
 London, 1606. In France, studying 
 law at Bourges and Paris, 1607-08. lu 
 Scotland, 1609. In London, 1610. Re- 
 turned to Hawthornden as laird, same 
 year, at father's death. Betrothed to 
 Miss Cunningham of Barns, 1614[?] ; 
 she died, 1615. Severe illness, 1620. 
 Took out a patent for mechanical ap- 
 pliances, mostly military, Dec. 1627. 
 Presented library to Edinburgh Uni- 
 versity, 1627. Married Elizabeth 
 Logan, 1632. Political activity 1638- 
 48. Died, 4 Dec. 1649, at Hawthorn- 
 den. Buried in Lasswade Church. 
 
 Works : ' Tears on the Death of 
 Meliades,' 1613 ; * Mausoleuna ' (a 
 collection of elegies by various writers), 
 1613 ; ♦ Poems ' (anon.), 1616 ; ' Forth 
 Feasting ' (anon.), 1617 ; * Flowers of 
 Zion,' 1623 ; * The Cypresse Grove,' 
 1625 ; Sonnet on the Death of King 
 James, 1625; 'A Pastorall Elegie,' 
 1638 ; 'A Speech to the Noblemen, 
 etc.,' 1639; 'Considerations to the 
 Parliament,' 1639 ; ' Speech for Edin- 
 burgh to the King,' 1641 ; * Sicia/faxta,' 
 1642; 'Remoras for the National 
 League,' 1643 ; ' Objections against 
 the Scots answered,' 1646 ; 'Vindica- 
 tion of the Hamiltons,' 1648. 
 
 Posthumous: 'The History of 
 Scotland,' 1655 ; ' Poems,' 1656 ; 
 • Polemo-Middenia ' (anon. ; attrib. tq 
 
88 
 
 DRYDEN 
 
 Drummond), 1683 ; Extracts from 
 MSS. (ed. by Laing in ' Archaeologica 
 Scotica '), 1827. ' Conversations with 
 Jonson,' 1842. 
 
 Collected Works: * Poems,' 1711 ; 
 'Poems,' ed. by W. S. Ward (4 vols.), 
 1894. 
 
 Life : by Prof. Masson, 1873. 
 
 DEYDEN (John), 1631 - 1700. 
 Born, at Aid winkle All Saints, 
 Northamptonshire, 9 Aug.[?] 1631. 
 Educated first at a school at Tich- 
 marsh ; at Westminster School, as 
 scholar, 1640[?] - 1650. Scholarship 
 at Trinity Coll., Cambridge, 11 May 
 1650 ; matriculated, 6 July 1650 ; 
 
 • discommuned ' in July 1652, but 
 allowed to continue residence on 
 apology ; B.A., Jan. 1654. To 
 London, possibly as clerk to Judge 
 Sir Gilbert Pickering ; afterwards 
 made living by literature. Married 
 Lady Elizabeth Howard, 1 Dec. 1663. 
 Member of Royal Soc, 26 Nov. 
 1662. Play, ' The Wild Gallant,' per- 
 formed at King's Theatre, Feb. 1663 ; 
 
 * Rival Ladies,' 1663; 'The Indian 
 Queen' (with Sir Robert Howard), 
 Jan. 1664; 'The Indian Emperor,' 
 1665. At Charlton, Wilts, during 
 plague and fire of London. * Secret 
 Love,' King's Theatre, March 1667 ; 
 'Sir Martin Mar- all ' (adapted from 
 Moli^re), 1667. Position as dramatist 
 established ; contract with King's 
 Theatre to provide three plays a year. 
 Degree of M.A. conferred at King's 
 request by Archbp. of Canterbury, 
 1668. Poet Laureate and Historio- 
 grapher Royal, 1670-88. Lived in 
 Fetter Lane, 1673-82; in Long- Acre, 
 1682-86. Collector of Customs in Port 
 of London, 17 Dec. 1683. Religious 
 controversies, 1686-88. Dramatic writ- 
 ing, 1690-92. Poems and translations 
 from classics, 1693-97. Died in Gerrard 
 St., Soho, 1 May 1700. Buried in 
 Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works : ' A Poem upon the Death 
 of his late Highness Oliver '(also known 
 as 'Heroic Stanzas '), 1659 (2nd edn., 
 same year); 'Astrsea Redux,' 1660; 
 ' To His Sacred Majesty, a Panegyrick 
 on his Coronation,' 1661 ; ' The Rival 
 
 Ladies,' 1664 ; • Annus Mirabilis,' 
 1667 ; ' The Indian Emperor,' 1667 ; 
 ' Of Dramatick Poesie,' 1668 ; 'Secret 
 Love' 1668; 'Sir Martin Mar-all' 
 (anon.), 1668; 'The Wild Gallant,', 
 1669; 'The Tempest' (with Davenant), 
 1670; • Tyrannic Love,' 1670; 'An 
 Evening's Love,' 1671 ; 'Conquest of 
 Granada ' (2 pt.), 1672 ; « Marriage h. 
 la Mode,' 1673 ; ' The Assignation,' 
 1673 ; ' Amboyna,' 1673 ; 'Notes and 
 Observations on the Empress of 
 Morocco ' (anon. ), 1674 ; • The State 
 of Innocence,' 1674 ; ' The Mall ' 
 (anon. ; attributed to Dryden), 1674 ; 
 ' Aurungzebe,' 1676 ; * All for Love,' 
 1678 ; ' The Kind Keeper,' 1678 ; 
 ' (Edipus ' (with Lee), 1679 ; ' Troilus 
 and Cressida,' 1679 ; ' The Spanish 
 Friar,' 1681 ; 'Absalom and Achito- 
 phel' (anon.), pt. i., 1681 ; pt. iL 
 (with Tate; anon.), 1682; 'His 
 Majesty's Declaration Defended ' 
 (anon.), 1681 ; 'The Medal' (anon.), 
 1682 ; ' Mac Flecknoe ' (anon.), 1682 ; 
 • Religio Laici,' 1682 ; ' The Duke of 
 Guise' (with Lee), 1683; 'Vindica- 
 tion ' of same, 1683 ; * Albion and 
 Albanius,' 1685 ; ' Threnodia Augus- 
 talis,' 1685; 'Defence of Papers 
 written by the late King ' (anon.), 
 1686 ; ' The Hind and the Panther ' 
 (anon.), 1687 ; A Song for St. Cecilia's 
 Day,' 1687 ; ' Britannia Rediviva,' 
 1688 ; ' Don Sebastian,' 1690 ; * Am- 
 phitryon,' 1690 ; ' King Arthur,' 1691 ; 
 ' Cleomenes,' 1692 ; ' Eleonora,' 1692 ; 
 'Love Triumphant,' 1694; ' Alex- 
 ander'sFeast,' 1697 ; ' Fables, Ancient 
 and Modern, translated . . . With 
 Original Poems,' 1700. 
 
 He translated : Maimbourg's ' His- 
 tory of the League,' 1684 ; Bohour'a 
 'Life of Xavier,' 1688; 'Juvenal 
 and Persius,'1693 ; Dufresnoy's 'Art 
 of Painting,' 1695; 'Virgil,' 1697; 
 preface and two epistles in trans, 
 of Ovid's 'Epistles,' 1680; most 
 of trans, in vols, i., ii. of ' Miscellany 
 Poems,' 1684-85 ; some in vols. iiL 
 iv., 1685-94. 
 
 He wrote nearly 100 prologues and 
 epilogues ; and contrib. verses or pre- 
 faces to ' Lachrymse Musarum,' 1649 ; 
 Hoddesdon's 'Sion and Parnassus,' 
 
DUGDALE-DUNBAR 
 
 89 
 
 1650 ; Sir R. Howard's Poems, 1660 ; 
 Charleton's * Chorea Gigantum,' 1663 ; 
 [possibly to * Co vent Garden Drollery,' 
 1672 ; and ' New Court Songs and 
 Poems,' 1672]; Lee's 'Alexander,' 
 1677 ; Roscommon's * Essay on Trans- 
 lated Verse,' 1680; a translation of 
 Plutarch, 1683 ; Anne Killigrew's 
 'Poems,' 1686 ; Walsh's 'Dialogue 
 concerning Women,' 1691 ; St. Evre- 
 mond's ' Miscellaneous Essays,' 1692 ; 
 Sir H. Sheere's trans, of Polybius, 
 1693; Congreve's 'Double Dealer,' 
 1694. 
 
 Collected Works: 'Poems on Various 
 Occasions,' ed. by Tonson, 1701 ; 
 •Dramatic Works,' ed. by Tonson, 
 1701 ; ed. by Congreve (6 vols.), 1717 ; 
 Original Poems and Translations, ed. 
 by Tonson (2 vols.), 1742; 'Poems 
 and Fables,' 1753 ; Poems, ed. by 
 Derrick (4 vols.), 1760 ; ' Critical and 
 Miscellaneous Prose Works,' ed. by 
 Malone (4 vols.), 1800 ; 'Works,' ed. 
 by Scott (18 vols.), 1808; 'Aldine' 
 edn., 1854 ; ' Globe ' edn., 1870, etc. 
 
 Life: by Johnson (in 'Lives of 
 Poets'); by Malone, 1800 ; by Scott 
 in 1808 edn. of 'Works'; by Bell 
 in • Aldine ' edn. of Works, 1854 ; 
 by Christie in 'Globe' edn., 1870; 
 by Saintsbury ('English Men of 
 Letters ' series), 1881. 
 
 DUGDALE(5't> William), 1606.1686. 
 Born, at Shustoke, near Coleshill, 
 Warwickshire, 12 Sept. 1605. Edu- 
 cated by the curate of Nether- Whit- 
 acre, near Shustoke; afterwards at 
 Coventry Free School, 1615-20. Mar- 
 ried Margery Huntbache, 17 March 
 1622; lived with wife's father till July 
 1624 ; at Fillongley, Warwickshire, 
 1624-25. Bought Blythe Hall, near 
 Coleshill, 1625 ; went to live there, 
 1626. Antiquarian and historical 
 tastes, ' Blanch Lyon ' Pursuivant 
 Extraordinary, 24 Sept. 1638 ; 'Rouge 
 Croix' Pursuivant, 18 March 1639. 
 Attended the King, as Pursuivant, at 
 York, June 1642 ; at Oxford, Oct. 
 1642. M.A., Oxford, Nov. 1642. 
 Chester Herald, 16 April 1644. Visit 
 to Paris, summer of 1648. Working 
 upon j^^ntiquarian research, 1649-60. 
 
 Resumed herald's position at Restora- 
 tion. Appointed 'Norroy,' 14 June 
 1660. Visitations to his province as 
 Norroy, 1662-70. Garter King-of- 
 Arms, and Knighthood, 24 May 1677. 
 Died, at Blythe Hall, 10 Feb. 1686. 
 
 WorTcs : 'A Full Relation of the 
 passages concerning the late treaty . . . 
 at Uxbridge' (anon.), 1645 ; 'Monas- 
 ticon Anglicanum ' (with Dodsworth), 
 vol. i., 1655 ; vol. ii., 1661 ; vol. iii., 
 1673 (English version, by J. Wright, 
 1693) ; ' Antiquities of Warwickshire,* 
 1656; 'The History of St. Paul's 
 Cathedral,' 1658; 'History of Im- 
 banking and Drayning of divers Fenns 
 and Marshes,' 1662 ; ' Origines Juri- 
 diciales,' 1666; 'The Baronage of 
 England ' (2 vols.), 1675-76 ; * A 
 Short View of the late Troubles in 
 England ' (anon.), 1681 ; 'The Ancient 
 Usage in bearing . . . Arms,' 1682 ; 
 'A perfect copy of all Summons of 
 the Nobility to the Great Councils 
 and Parliaments,* 1685. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Life' (autobiography), 
 1713 ; * Life, Diary, and Correspon- 
 dence,' ed. by W. Hamper, 1827. 
 
 He edited • Sir H. Spelman's ' Glos- 
 sarium Archaeologicum,' 1666, and 
 'Concilia,' vol. ii., 1666. 
 
 DUNBAR (William), 1460[?]-1520[?] 
 Born, 1460 [?]. [Possibly to St. An- 
 drew's University, 1475 ; B.A., 1477 ; 
 M. A., 1479.] For some time a begging 
 friar of Franciscan order ; travelled so 
 in France. [Possibly on various Crown 
 missions abroad, 1490-1500.] Granted 
 Crown pension of £10 a year, 15 Aug. 
 1500 ; eventually increased to £80 a 
 year for life. Took full orders as 
 Priest; performed AJass at court, 1504. 
 Visited London, probably with am- 
 bassadors to arrange marriage of 
 James IV., 1503. Possibly killed at 
 Flodden, 8 Sept. 1513 ; more probably 
 died later, unless his poem, 'The 
 Orison e,' 1517, be spurious. 
 
 Works : Dmibar's Poems, with the 
 exception of ' The Thistle and the 
 Rose' (printed with ' Vertue and Vyce,' 
 by J. Bellentyne, in 1750), were first 
 printed by Pinkerton, in vol. i. of 
 'Ancient Scotish Poems,' 1786; and 
 
90 
 
 D'URFEY—EDGEWORTH 
 
 by J. Sibbald in vols, i., ii. of ' Chro- 
 nicle of Scottish Poetry,' 1802. Later 
 editions are by D. Laing (2 vols.), 
 1834 ; by J. Small (for Scottish Text 
 Society), 1884; by J. Schipper (Vienna), 
 1892. 
 
 Life: by Laing, in 1834 edn. of 
 Works. 
 
 D'URFEY (Thomas), 1653 - 1723. 
 Born, at Exeter, 1653. First play, 
 ' The Siege of Memphis,' produced 
 at ^ King's Theatre, 1676. Prolific 
 writer of comedies, songs, odes, pro- 
 logues, epilogues, satires, etc. Popular 
 favourite for many years, but fell into 
 distressed circumstances about 1710. 
 Benefit performances for him at Drury 
 Lane, 15 June 1713 and 3 June 1714. 
 Died, in London, 26 Feb. 1723. 
 buried at St. James's, Piccadilly. 
 
 Works: 'The Siege of Memphis,' 
 1676 ; ' Archerie Revived ' (with Shot- 
 terel), 1676; 'The Fond Husband,' 
 1676 ; ' Madam Fickle,' 1677 ; ' The 
 Fool turn'd Critic' (anon.), 1678; 
 
 • Trick for Trick,' 1678 ; * Squire Old- 
 8app,'1679; 'The Virtuous Wife,' 1680; 
 *The Happy Lover' (anon.), [1680?] ; 
 
 • Sir Barnaby Whig,' 1681 ; ' The Pro- 
 gress of Honesty ' (anon.), 1681 ; ' The 
 Royalist,' 1682 ; * Butler's Ghost ' 
 (anon.), 1682 ; ' The Whig Rampant ' 
 (anon.), 1682 ; • The Injured Princess ' 
 (adapted from 'Oymbeline'), 1682; 
 •The Whig's Exaltation' (anon.), 
 1682 ; * New Collection of Songs and 
 Poems,' 1683 ; ' A Carrouse to the 
 Emperor' (anon.), 1683; 'The Mal- 
 content,' 1684; 'A Fond Husband,' 
 1685 ; 'An Elegy upon . . . Charles XL,' 
 
 1685 ; ' Advice to the Ladies of Lon- 
 don' (anon.), 1685; 'The Discon- 
 tented Lady,' 1685; 'A Common- 
 wealth of Women,' 1686 ; 'Banditti,' 
 
 1686 ; ' The Conquering Virgin,' 
 [1687 ?] ; 'A Fool's Preferment,' 
 1688 ; • Collin's Walk through Lon- 
 don and Westminster ' (anon.), 1690 ; 
 *New Poems,' 1690; 'Bussy d'Am- 
 boise ' (adapted from Chapman), 1691 ; 
 
 • Love for Money,' 1691 ; ' Wit for 
 Money ' (anon.), 1691 ; * A Pindarick 
 Poem on the Royal Navy,' 1691 ; 'The 
 Marriage Hater Matched,' 1692 ; 'The 
 
 Northern Ditty ' (anon.), [1692 ?] ; 
 ' The Richmond Heiress,' 1693 ; 
 'Comical History of Don Quixote,' 
 pts. i., ii., 1694 ; pt. iii., 1696 ; 
 'Gloriana,' 1695; 'Cinthia and En- 
 dimion,' 1697 ; ' The Intrigues at 
 Versailles,' 1697 ; ' The Campaigners,' 
 1698 ; ' The Famous History of the 
 Rise and Fall of Massaniello,' (2 
 pts.), 1699-1700; 'The Bath,' 1701 ; 
 •Tales, Tragical and Comical,' 1704 ; 
 • Wonders in the Sun,' 1706; ' A New 
 Ode,' 1706 ; • Stories, Moral and 
 Comical,' 1706 ; ' The French Pride 
 abated,' 1708 ; 'The Modern Prophets,* 
 [1709] ; • The Old Mode and the New, 
 [1709] ; • Court Gallantry,' 1714 ; 
 •Vive le Roy,' 1714; 'Songs Com- 
 pleat' (2 vols.), 1719; 'Wit and 
 Mirth,' 1719 ; ' New Operas, with 
 Comical Stories and Poems on Several 
 Occasions,' 1721. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Miscellaneous Poems,' 
 1726 ; ' The English Stage Italianized,' 
 1727. 
 
 EDGEWOETH (Maria), 1767-1849. 
 Born, at Black Bourton, Oxfordshire, 
 1 Jan. 1767. In Ireland with father, 
 1773-75. To School in Derby, 1775 ; 
 in London, 1780. Home to Edge- 
 worthstown, 1782. Began to write 
 stories. To Clifton with parents, 
 Dec. 1791 ; returned to Edgeworths- 
 town, winter of 1793. Visit to France 
 with father, Oct. 1802 to March 1803. 
 Visit to London, spring of 1803 ; to 
 Bo wood, autumn of 1818 ; to London, 
 1819 ; to Paris and Switzerland, 1820 
 to March 1821. Returned to Edge- 
 worthstown and lived there for rest 
 of life. Occasional visits to London. 
 Visit to Scotland, spring of 1823. 
 Friendship with Sir Walter Scott ; 
 he visited her at Edgeworthstown, 
 1825. Active philanthropy during 
 famine of 1846. Died, at Edgeworths- 
 town, 22 May 1849. 
 
 Works: 'Letters to Literary Ladies,' 
 1795 ; 'Parent's Assistant' (anon.), 
 pt. i., 1796 ; in 6 vols., 1800; 'Prac- 
 tical Education,' 1798 ; ' Castle Rack- 
 rent' (anon.), 1800; 'Early Lessons,' 
 1801 ; ' Belinda,' 1801 ; ' Moral Tales,' 
 1801 ; • Irish Bulls,' 1802 ; ' Popular 
 
EDGEWORTH— EDWARDS 
 
 91 
 
 Tales,' 1804 ; 'Modern Griselda,' 1804 ; 
 ' Leonora,' 1806 ; • Tales from Fashion- 
 able Life,' 1809 ; 2nd series, 1812 ; 
 ♦Patronage,' 1814; 'Continuation of 
 Early Lessons,' 1815; 'Harrington,' 
 1817 ; • Ormond,' 1817 ; ' Comic 
 Dramas,' 1817 ; vol. ii of R. L. 
 Edgeworth's 'Memoirs,' 1820; 'Frank,' 
 1822 ; ' Harry and Lucy, concluded,' 
 1825 ; 'Garry Owen,' 1832 ; ' Helen,' 
 1834. 
 
 Collected Works: in 14 vols., 
 1825; in 18 vols., 1832-33; in 12 
 vols., 1893. 
 
 Life : by H. Zimmern, 1883 (' Emi- 
 nent Women ' series) ; * Life and 
 Letters,' ed. by Aug. Hare, 1894. 
 
 EDGEWORTH (Richard lovell), 
 1744-1817. [Father of preceding.] 
 Born, in Bath, 31 May 1744. At 
 schools at Warwick, Drogheda, and 
 Longford, 1752-61. At Trinity Coll., 
 Dublin, 26 April to Oct. 1761. Matric. 
 Corpus Coll., Oxford, 10 Oct. 1761. 
 Eloped to Scotland with, and married, 
 Anna Maria Elers, 1763. At Edg- 
 worthstown, 1764-65; returned to 
 England and settled at Hare Hatch, 
 near Maidenhead, 1765. Interested in 
 mechanical experiments ; devised tele- 
 graph. Medal from Soc. of Arts for 
 invention, 1768. Friendship with 
 Erasmus Darwin and Thomas Day. 
 Succeeded to family estates, 1769. 
 Visit to France, with Day, 1771-73. 
 Wife joined him for a short time in 
 1772 and returned to England. He 
 returned on her death, March 1773. 
 Married Honora Sneyd, 17 July 1773. 
 At Edgeworthstown, 1773-76. Re- 
 turned to England, and settled at 
 Northchurch, Herts. Second wife 
 died, 30 April 1780. He married her 
 sister Elizabeth, 25 Dec. 1780. To 
 Edgeworthstown, 1782. Aide - de - 
 camp to Lord Charlemont, 1783. Con- 
 trib. to 'Philosophical Transactions,' 
 1783-84; to 'Transactions of Irish 
 Academy,' 1788-95. At Clifton, 1791- 
 92. Returned to Ireland. Third 
 wife died, Nov. 1797. M.P. in Irish 
 Parliament for St. John's Town, co. 
 Longford, 1798. Married Miss Beau- 
 fort, 31 May 1798. Contrib. to 
 
 ' Monthly Mag.,' 1801 ; to ' Nicholson's 
 Journal,' 1801-17. In Paris with 
 daughter Maria, Oct. 1802 to March 
 1803. Member of Board on Irish 
 Education, 1806-11 ; on Reclamation 
 of Bogs, 1810. Died, at Edgeworths- 
 town, 13 June 1817. 
 
 Works: 'Letter to the Earl of 
 Charlemont on the Telegraph,' 1797 ; 
 ' Practical Education ' (with Maria 
 Edgeworth), 2 vols., 1798; 'Poetry 
 explained for . . . Young People,' 
 1802; 'Essay on Irish Bulls' (with 
 Maria Edgeworth), 1802 ; ' Essays on 
 Professional Education,' 1809 ; 'Read- 
 ings in Poetry,' 1816 ; 'Essay on the 
 Construction of Roads,' 1817 (2nd edn. 
 same year). 
 
 Posthumous : ' Memoirs . . . begun 
 by himself, and concluded by his 
 daughter, Maria Edgeworth' (2 vols.), 
 1820. 
 
 He edited : Maria Edgeworth's 
 • Popular Tales,' 1805 ; ' Comic 
 Dramas,' 1817 ; 'Harrington,' 1817. 
 
 EDWARDS (Amelia Blandford), 
 1831-1892. Born, 1831. Began to 
 contribute to periodicals, 1853. Hon. 
 Sec. and Vice-Pres. of Egypt Ex- 
 ploration Fund. Hon. L.H.D. 
 Degree, Columbia Coll., New York, 
 1887. Lectured in United States, 
 1889-90. Died, 15 April 1892. 
 
 Works : ' My Brother's Wife,' 1855 ; 
 'A Summary of English History,' 
 1856; 'The Ladder of Life,' 1857; 
 ' The Young Marquis ' [1857] ; 'Hand 
 and Glove,' 1858; 'The History of 
 France,' 1868 ; Letterpress to ' The 
 Photographic Historical Portrait 
 Gallery,' 1860 ; ' Sights and Stories,' 
 1862 ; ♦ The Story of Cervantes,' 1863 
 [1862]; 'Barbara's History,' 1864 
 [1863] ; 'Ballads,' 1865; 'Miss Carew,' 
 1865 ; * Half a Million of Money,' 
 1865 ; Poems in ' Home Thoughts and 
 Home Scenes,' 1865; 'Debenham's 
 Vow,' 1870; 'Untrodden Peaks,' 
 1873; 'In the Days of my Youth,' 
 1873 ; 'Monsieur Maurice,' 1873 ; ' A 
 Thousand Miles up the Nile,' 1877 
 [1876]; *A Poetry-Book of Elder 
 Poets,' 1879; 'A Poetry-Book of 
 Modern Poets,' 1879 ; 'Lord Bracken- 
 
92 
 
 EGAN— ELIOT 
 
 bury,' 1880 ; ' Pharaohs, Fellahs and 
 Explorers,' 1891. 
 
 She translated : Loviot's 'A Lady's 
 Captivity among the Chinese Pirates,' 
 [1858] ; Maspero's ' Egyptian Archaeo- 
 logy,' 1887. 
 
 EGAN (Pierce), 1772-1849. Born, 
 probably in London, 1772. At early 
 age reported sporting events for news- 
 papers. Married, 1813. Wrote, set up, 
 and printed * The Mistress of Royalty,' 
 1814. First no. of 'Life in London' 
 published, 16 July 1821. Various 
 imitations, dramatized versions and 
 piracies followed its success. He 
 prepared dramatic version produced 
 at Sadler's Wells, 8 April 1822. 
 Varied literary work. Started 'Pierce 
 Egan's Life in London and Sporting 
 Guide' (afterwards incorporated in 
 •Bell's Life in London') as editor, 
 1 Feb. 1824. Last ten years of life 
 spent in retirement. Died, at his 
 house in Pentonville, 3 Aug. 1849. 
 
 Works : ' The Mistress of Royalty ' 
 (anon.), 1814; 'Boxiana' (4 vols.), 
 1818-24 ; ' Walks through Bath,' 1819 ; 
 'Life in London,' 1821 ; 'The Fancy 
 Tog's Man v. Young Sadboy the 
 Milling Quaker,' 1821 ; 'Real Life in 
 London' (2 vols.), 1821-22 ; 'The Life 
 and Extraordinary Adventures of 
 S. D. Hayward,' 1822 ; * Account of 
 the trial of Mr. Fauntleroy ' [1824] ; 
 ' Account of the trial of John Thurtell 
 and Joseph Hunt,' 1824 ; 'The Life 
 of an Actor,' 1825 ; * Anecdotes, 
 original and selected, of the Turf,' 
 1827 ; ' Finish to the Adventures of 
 Tom, Jerry and Logic,' 1828 ; ' Trip 
 to Ascot Races,' 1828; 'The Show 
 Folks,' 1831; *Matthews's Comic 
 Annual,' 1831 ; ' Pierce Egan's Book 
 of Sports and Mirror of Life,' 1832 ; 
 •The Pilgrims of the Thames,' 1838. 
 
 He edited : Grose's ' Classical Diet, 
 of the Vulgar Tongue,' 1823. 
 
 [His son, Pierce Egan (1814-80), 
 began life as an illustrator, but took 
 to fiction. Wrote a large number of 
 stories of a * popular ' description, 
 chiefly in ' London Journal. '] 
 
 ELIOT (George) [pseud., i.e. Marian 
 Evans, afterwards Cross], 1819-1880, 
 
 Bom [Marian Evans], at Arbury farm, 
 near Chilvers Coton, Warwickshire, 
 22 Nov. 1819. To boarding school at 
 Attlebo*rough, 1824 ; at school at 
 Nuneaton, 1827 [or 1828] to 1832 ; at 
 school at Coventry, 1832-35. Con- 
 trib. a religious poem to 'Christian 
 Observer,' Jan. 1840. Went with 
 father to live at Coventry, March, 
 1841. Friendship with Mr. and Mrs. 
 Bray begun, 1841. Occupied com- 
 pleting translation of Strauss's ' Life 
 of Jesus' (originally undertaken by 
 Miss Brabant), 1844-46. Visit to con- 
 tinent after father's death, summer of 
 1849. Lived at Geneva, Oct. 1849 to 
 March 1850. Lived with the Brays, 
 at Rosehill, Coventry, May 1850 to 
 Sept. 1851. Contrib. to ' Westminster 
 Review,' Jan. 1851; acted as assistant 
 editor, Sept. 1851 to Oct. 1853. 
 Met George- Henry Lewes, 1851; lived 
 with him from July 1854. With him 
 in Germany, July 1854 to March 1855. 
 First novej, ' Amos Barton,' appeared 
 in 'Blackwood's Mag.,' 1857. Lived 
 at Richmond, Sept. 1855 to 1858. To 
 Munich and Dresden, 1858. Lived at 
 Wandsworth, Feb. 1859 to 1860. Visits 
 to Italy, summer of 1860 and 1861. 
 Lived in Blandford Square, London, 
 Dec. 1860 to Nov. 1863 ; settled at 
 North Bank, Regent's Park, Nov. 
 1863. Visit to Spain, 1867. Friendship 
 with Mrs. Cross and her son begun, in 
 Rome, 1869. Bought house at Witley, 
 near Godalming, 1876 ; G. H. Lewes 
 died there, 28 Nov. 1878. Married to 
 John Walter Cross, 6 May 1880. 
 Lived at Witley till Dec. 1880 ; then 
 settled in Cheyne Walk, Chelsea. 
 Died 22 Dec. 1880. 
 
 Works : * Amos Barton ' in ' Corn- 
 hill Mag.,' 1857; 'Scenes of Clerical 
 Life' (anon.), 1858; 'Adam Bede,' 
 1859 ; 'The Mill on the Floss,' 1860 ; 
 ' Silas Marner,' 1861 ; ' Romola' (from 
 'CornhUl Mag.'), 1863 ; 'Felix Holt,' 
 1866; 'The Spanish Gypsy,' 1868; 
 'Agatha,' 1869; ' Middlemarch,' in 
 8 pts., 1871-72 (complete edn., 1872) ; 
 'The Legend of Jubal, and other 
 Poems,' 1874; 'Daniel Deron da,' 1876; 
 'Impressions of Theophrastus Such,' 
 1879. 
 
ELLIOTT— EMERSON 
 
 93 
 
 Posthumous : * Essays,' ed. by 0. L. 
 Lewes, 1884. 
 
 She translated: Sfcrauss's 'Life of 
 Jesu3' (anon.), 1846; Feuerbach's 
 'Essence of Christianity,' 1854. 
 
 Collected Works : 'Novels ' (6 vols.), 
 1867-78; 'Works' (20 vols), 1878-80. 
 
 Life : by J. W. Cross, 1884. 
 
 ELLIOTT (Ebenezer), 1781-1849. 
 Born, at New Foundry, Masborough, 
 Yorkshire, 17 March 1781. Educated 
 at various small schools. Worked for 
 his father, in iron trade, 1797-1804. 
 Diligent student ; wrote poetry from 
 age of seventeen. Married [about 
 1805?]. His wife predeceased him. 
 Lost all his money and was for some 
 time supported by wife's sisters. With 
 some capital raised by them he started 
 iron business in Sheffield, 1821. Lost 
 heavily again in 1837. Literary and 
 political activity at Sheffield. 'Corn- 
 Law Rhymes ' produced, 1831. Chartist 
 delegate from Sheffield at meeting 
 in Palace Yard, Westminster, 1838. 
 Left Chartist ranks at time of 
 O'Connor's Anti-Corn Law Repeal 
 Movement. Retired from business, 
 1841 ; settled at Great Houghton, near 
 Barnsley. Died there, 1 Dec. 1849. 
 Buried in Darfield Church. 
 
 Works : ' The Vernal Walk' (anon.), 
 1801 ; 'Night' (anon.), 1818 ; 'Peter 
 Faultless ' (anon. ), 1820 ; * Love : a 
 poem,' 1823 ; 'The Village Patriarch' 
 (anon.), 1829; ' Corn-Law Rhymes ' 
 (anon.), 1831 ; 'The Splendid Village,' 
 etc. (3 vols.), 1833-35 ; 'More Verse 
 and Prose' (anon.), 1850. 
 
 Collected Works : ' Poetical Works,' 
 1840 ; ed. by E. Elliott (2 vols.), 1876. 
 
 Life: 'Life,' by Watkin, 1850; 
 ' Memoirs,' by Searle, 1850. 
 
 ELYOT {Sir Thomas), 1488 [?]-1546. 
 Born, probably in Wiltshire, 1488 [?]. 
 Educated at home. Studied medicine 
 for some time. Clerk of Assize on 
 Western Circuit, 1511-28. At father's 
 death settled at Combe, near Wood- 
 stock. On Commission of Peace for 
 Oxfordshire, July 1522. Clerk of 
 Privy Council, 1523-30. Married 
 Margaret Abarrow, 1525 [?]. Sheriff 
 of Oxfordshire and Berkshire, 1527. 
 
 Knighted, 1530. On Commission to 
 inquire into Wolsey's estates, 1530. 
 First literary work, 1531. Ambassa- 
 dor to Court of Charles V. of Spain, 
 chiefly with regard to Henry VIII. 's 
 divorce from Catharine of Aragon, 
 Oct. 1531 to spring of 1532 ; and 
 again in 1535. Sheriff of Cambridge- 
 shire, 1532 ; of Cambridgeshire and 
 Huntingdonshire, 1544. M.P. for 
 Cambridge, 1542. Died, 20 March 
 1546 ; buried in Carleton Church. 
 
 Works : ' The Boke named the 
 Gouernour,'1531; 'PasquilthePlayne,' 
 1533; 'Of the Knowledge which 
 maketh a Wise Man,' 1533 ; 'The 
 Castel of Helth ' [1534 ?] (no copy 
 known of 1st edn. ; 2nd edn., 1539) ; 
 ' The Bankette of Science,' 1539 ; 
 ' Dictionary ' (Latin and English), 
 1538 (called * Bibliotheca Eliotae ' in 
 1550 and succeeding edns.) ; *The 
 Defence of Good Women,' 1545 ; ' A 
 Preservative agaynste Deth,' 1545. 
 
 He translated : ' A Swete and De- 
 voute Sermon of Holy Sajmt Ciprian,' 
 1534; Pico della Mirandola's 'Rules 
 of a Christian Lyfe,' 1534 ; Isocrates' 
 Oration to Nicocles (under title of 
 'The Doctrinal of Princes'), 1534; 
 Plutarch's ' The Education or Bring- 
 inge up of Children ' [1535 ?], and 
 ' Howe one may take Profyte of his 
 Enemyes' [1545?]; 'The Image of 
 Governance,' 1541. 
 
 EMERSON (Ealph Waldo), 1803- 
 1882. Born, in Boston, Mass., 25 
 May 1803. Educated at Boston 
 Grammar School, 1811-15; Latin 
 School, 1815-17. To Harvard Univer- 
 sity, 1817; graduated, 1821. Engaged 
 in tuition. Kept school at Boston, 
 1822-25. Studied Theology in Cam- 
 bridge Divinity School, 1825-28. Ap- 
 probated to preach, 1826. Ordained, 
 11 March 1829 as joint pastor, with 
 Rev. H. Ware, of Second Church, 
 Boston; succeeded to Ware's position, 
 1830. Married Ellen Louisa Tucker, 
 Sept. 1829. Resigned pastorate, 1832. 
 Wife died, Feb. 1832. Tour in 
 Europe, 1833 ; friendship with Car- 
 lyle begun. Returned to U.S.A., 
 1834 ; preached in New Bedford ; 
 
94 
 
 ETHEREGE-EUSDEN 
 
 and settled in Concord. Lectured on 
 various subjects, 1835, 1836, 1837. 
 Married Lidian Jackson, Sept. 1835. 
 Finally adopted literary life. Fre- 
 quently lectured. Symposium, or 
 Transcendental Club, formed, 1836. 
 Edited 'The Dial,' 1842 to April 
 1844. Lecturing tour in England, 
 1847-49. Edited 'Massachusetts 
 Quarterly Review ' (3 vols.), 1847-50. 
 Contrib. to * Atlantic Monthly ' from 
 its beginning in Nov. 1857. LL.D., 
 Harvard, 1866 ; elected on Board of 
 Overseers, 1867. Mental shock owing 
 to partial destruction of house by lire, 
 July 1872. To England and Egypt 
 with daughter. Returned to Concord, 
 1873. Suffered from aphasia in later 
 years. Died, at Concord, 27 April 
 1882. 
 
 Works: 'Right Hand of Fellowship 
 toRev. H.B.Goodwin, '1830; 'Histori- 
 cal Discourse,' 1835; 'Nature' (anon.), 
 1836 (another edn., with * Lectures 
 on the Times,' 1844); 'An Oration' 
 (Dartmouth Coll.), 1838; 'An Ora- 
 tion ' (Phi Beta Kappa Soc), 1838 ; 
 (new edn. called ' Man Thinking,' 
 1844); ' An Address ' (Divinity Coll.), 
 1838; • The Method of Nature,' 1841 ; 
 ♦Essays, first series,' 1841; 'The 
 Young American,' 1844; * Essays, 
 second series,' 1844; 'Man the Re- 
 former,' 1844; 'Orations, Lectures and 
 Addresses,' 1844 ; 'An Address' (on 
 Negro Emancipation), 1844; ' Poems,' 
 1847 ; * Essays, Lectures and Orations,' 
 1848; 'Miscellanies,' 1849; 'Repre- 
 sentative Men,' 1850 ; 'Essays and 
 Orations,' 1853; 'English Traits,' 
 1856 ; 'The Conduct of Life,' 1860 ; 
 ♦Orations, Lectures and Essays,' 1866; 
 
 • May-Day,' 1867 ; ' Society and Soli- 
 tude,' 1870 ; ' Poetry and Criticism,' 
 1874; 'Parnassus,' 1875; 'Power, 
 Wealth, Illusions ' (from * The Con- 
 duct of Life'), 1876; 'Letters and 
 Social Aims,' 1876; 'Culture, Be- 
 havior, Beauty ' (from ' The Conduct 
 of Life '), 1876 ; ' Books, Art, Elo- 
 quence' (from 'Society and Solitude'), 
 1877 ; ' Success, Greatness, Immor- 
 tality ' (from 'Society and Solitude,' 
 and 'Letters and Social Aims'), 1877; 
 
 * Love, Friendship, Domestic Life ' 
 
 (from 'Essays' and 'Society and Soli- 
 tude'), 1877; 'Fortune of the Re- 
 public,' 1878 ; 'The Preacher' (from 
 ' Unitarian Review '), 1880. 
 
 Collected Tfbr^; 'Complete Works* 
 (2 vols.), 1866; 'Prose Works' (2 
 vols.), 1870 ; Correspondence with 
 Carlyle (2 vols.), 1883; 'Complete 
 Works' (Riverside edn., 11 vols.), 
 1883 84. 
 
 He edited : Marchioness Ossoli's 
 ' Memoirs,' 1852 ; Gladwin's transla- 
 tion of Sadi's • Gulistan,' 1865 ; ' Plu- 
 tarch's ' Morals,' 1870 ; Channing's 
 'The Wanderer,' 1871 ; 'The Hun- 
 dred Greatest Men,' 1879. 
 
 Life : by Searle, 1855 ; by 0. W. 
 Holmes ( ' American Men of Letters ' 
 series), 1885; by Dr. Garnett ('Great 
 Writers ' series), 1887. 
 
 ETHEREGE [Sir George), 1635 [?]- 
 1691. Born, 1635 [?]. Perhaps edu- 
 cated at Cambridge, and subsequently 
 at one of the Inns of Court. Comedy, 
 ' The Comical Revenge,' produced at 
 Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre, 1664 ; 
 other plays, 1667 - 76. Knighted, 
 about 1680 [?]. Married about same 
 time. To Hague on diplomatic mis- 
 sion, 1684 [?] ; at Ratisbon, 1685-88. 
 To Paris ; died there, 1691. 
 
 Works: 'The Comical Revenge,' 
 1664; 'She Wou'd if She Cou'd," 
 1667 ; ' The Man of Mode,' 1676. 
 
 Collected Works: 1704; ed. by A. 
 W. Verity, 1888. 
 
 EUSDEN (Laurence), Poet Laureate, 
 1688-1730. Born, Aug. [?] 1688. 
 Educated at St. Peter's School, York. 
 To Trinity Coll., Cambridge, as 'pen- 
 sioner,' 24 March 1705 ; scholar, 2 
 April 1706; B.A., 1708; M.A.,. 
 1712 ; Minor Fellow, 2 Oct. 1711 ;. 
 Fellow, 2 July 1712; Third Sublector, 
 2 Oct. 1712 ; Second Sublector, 1713, 
 Contrib. to ' Spectator ' and * Guardian.' 
 Contrib. to Steele's * Poetical Mis- 
 cellanies,' 1714. Poet Laureate, 24 
 Dec. 1718. Ordained Chaplain to« 
 Lord Willoughby de Broke, 1724 [?]. 
 Rector of Coningsby, Lincolnshire, 
 1729-30. Died, at Coningsby, 27 Sept.. 
 1730. Buried there. 
 
 Works : 'A Letter to Mr. Addisoiv 
 
EVANS-EVELYN 
 
 95 
 
 1714 (another edn., same year, entitled 
 ' The Royal Family '); 'Original Poems 
 and Translations by Mr. Hill, Mr. 
 Eusden, etc.,' 1714; 'Verses at the 
 Last Publick Commencement at Cam- 
 bridge,' 1714 (2nd edn. same year) ; 
 * Poem on the Marriage of the Duke 
 of Newcastle,' 1717 ; * Poem to Her 
 Royal Highness on the Birth of the 
 Prince,' 1718; 'Ode for the New 
 Year,' 1720 ; 'An Ode for the Birth- 
 day,' 1721 ; * Three Poems to Lord 
 Chancellor Macclesfield,' 1722 ; ' The 
 Origin of the Knights of the Bath,' 
 1725 ; 'Three Poems' to the King and 
 Queen, 1727. 
 
 He translated : Ovid's * Meta- 
 morphoses,' with Dryden, etc., 1717 ; 
 Musaeus' * Hero and Leander,' 1750. 
 
 EVANS (Marian). See Eliot 
 (George). 
 
 EVELYN (John), 1620-1706. Born, 
 at Wotton, 31 Oct. 1620. From age 
 of five lived in household of his grand- 
 mother, at Lewes. Educated at 
 Southover Free School. Admitted to 
 Middle Temple as student, 13 Feb. 
 1637. Fellow Commoner of Balliol 
 Coll., Oxford, 10 May, 1638. Took 
 no degree. Took chambers in Temple, 
 1640. In Holland, July to Oct., 1641. 
 In Civil War joined King's army, Nov. 
 1642, but was not received, and re- 
 turned to Wotton. In France, Nov. 1643 
 to Oct. 1644 ; in Italy, Oct. 1644 to 
 April 1646; returned through Switzer- 
 land to Paris ; married Mary Browne 
 there, 27 June, 1647. Returned to 
 England, Sept. 1647, without his wife. 
 Returned to Paris, 1 Aug. 1649. 
 Visit to England, 1650. Returned to 
 England to live, Feb. 1652 ; his wife 
 returned, June 1652; they settled at 
 Sayes Court, Deptford. Inaugurated 
 scheme of Royal Society ; first meet- 
 ing held, Jan. 1661 ; elected fellow 
 and member of Council. On various 
 Metropolitan Commissions, 1662. On 
 commission for care of prisoners 
 and wounded in Dutch War, 1644. 
 Hon. D.C.L, Oxford, 1669. Mem- 
 ber of Council of foreign plantations, 
 28 Feb. 1671. Commissioner for 
 Privy Seal, Dec. 1685 to March 1687. 
 
 Sec. to Royal Soc, Dec. 1772 to Dec. 
 1773. Left Sayes Court and settled 
 with brother at Wotton, May 1694. 
 Treasurer of Greenwich Hospital, 
 1695 to Aug. 1703. Inherited Wotton 
 estate from his brother, Oct. 1699. 
 Died there, 27 Feb. 1706 j buried in 
 Wotton Church. 
 
 Works : 'Of Liberty and Servitude,* 
 1649 ; * The State of France ... in 
 the ninth year of . . . Lewis XIII.,' 
 (under initials: J. E.), 1652; 'A 
 Character of England ' (anon. ), 1659 ; 
 ' Apology for the Royal Party ' (anon. ), 
 1659 ; 'The late Newes from Brussels 
 Unmasked' (anon.), 1660 ; 'A Poem 
 upon His Majesty's Coronation,' 1661 ; 
 ' Encounter between the French and 
 Spanish Ambassadors,' 1661 ; 'Fumi- 
 fugium,' 1661; 'Tyrannus' (anon.), 
 1661; 'Sculptura,'1662; 'Sylva,'1664; 
 * Kalendarium Hortense,' 1664 ; 'Pub- 
 lic Employment, and an Active Life, 
 preferred to Solitude,' 1667; 'The 
 three late famous Impostors ' (under 
 initials: J. E.), 1669; 'Navigation 
 and Commerce,' 1674 ; *A Philoso- 
 phical Discourse of Earth,' 1676 ; * The 
 Whole Body of Antient and Modern 
 Architecture,' 1680 ; 'Mundus Mulie- 
 bris' (anon.), 1690; 'Mundus Foppen- 
 si3'(anon.), 1691 ; 'Numi8mata,'1697; 
 ' Acetaria' (anon.), 1699. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Diary,' ed. by W. 
 Bray as ' Memoirs ... of John 
 Evelyn,' 2 vols., 1818 ; 'Life of Mrs. 
 Godolphin,' ed. by Bp. Wilberforce, 
 1847 ; 'History of Religion,' ed. by 
 R. M. Evauson, 1850. 
 
 He translated : Lucretius, Bk. I., 
 1656 ; 'The French Gardener,' 1658 ; 
 ' The Golden Book' of St. Chrysostom, 
 1659 ; Naude's * Instructions concern- 
 ing the erection of a Library,' 1661 ; 
 Pt. II. of ' The Mystery of Jesuitism,' 
 1658 ; Freart deChambray's 'Parallel 
 of Ancient Architecture with the 
 Modem,' 1664, and ' Idea of the Per- 
 fection of Painting,' 1668 ; La Quint- 
 inie's ' The Compleat Gardener,' 1698. 
 
 He edited: translation, by his son 
 John, of Rene Rapin's 'Of Gardens,' 
 1673. 
 
 Life : by H. B. Wheatley, in 1879 
 edn. of * Diary.* 
 
96 
 
 FALCONER— FARRAR 
 
 FALCOKEK (WiUiam), 1732-1769. 
 Born, in Edinburgh, 11 Feb. 1732. 
 At sea on merchant vessels in youth. 
 Exchanged into Navy, 1749. On 
 merchant vessel again, 1750. Contrib. 
 poems to 'Gentleman's Magazine.' 
 Re-entered Navy, 1760 [?]. Midship- 
 man on * Royal George,' 1762. Purser 
 of frigate 'Glory,' 1763. Married 
 Miss Hicks, 1763 [?]. Purser to 'Swift- 
 sure,* 1767. Declined offer of partner- 
 ship with John Murray, publisher, Oct. 
 1768. Purser of 'Aurora' frigate, 
 bound for India, with promise of secre- 
 taryship to Commissioners of H.E. I.O. 
 Sailed, 2 Oct. 1869 ; ship was lost. 
 
 Works: *A Poem, Sacred to the 
 Memory of His Royal Highness, 
 Frederick, Prince of Wales,' 1751 ; 
 ' Ode on the Duke of York's Second 
 Departure from England,' 1762 ; ' The 
 Shipwreck,' 1762 ; ' An Universal Dic- 
 tionary of the Marine,' 1769. 
 
 Collected Poems : first published in 
 Johnson's 'English Poets,' 1790. 
 
 Life : by J. S. Clarke, in 1804 edn. 
 of 'The Shipwreck'; by R. Carruthers, 
 in 1858 edn. 
 
 FARQITHAR (George), 1678-1707. 
 Born, in Londonderry, 1678. Edu- 
 cated at Londonderry. To Trinity 
 Coll., Dublin, as sizar, 17 July 1694. 
 Left college, 1695 [?] ; appeared soon 
 after on Dublin stage. To London, 
 1697 [?]. First play, 'Love and a 
 Bottle,' produced at Drury Lane, 1699; 
 ' The Constant Couple,' in 1700 ; ' Sir 
 Harry Wildair,' in 1701. Presented 
 by Earl of Orrery with lieutenant's 
 commission, 1700 [?]. In Holland, 
 1700. Married, 1703 [?]. Visit to 
 Dublin, 1704 ; continued to produce 
 plays. Sold commission to pay debts. 
 Died, April 1707. 
 
 Works: 'Love and a Bottle,' 1699 ; 
 •Sir Harry Wildair,' 1701 ; ' The In- 
 constant,' 1702 ; 'The Twin Rivals,' 
 1702 ; ' The Stage-coach ' (with Mot- 
 teux ; anon.), 1705 ; ' The Recruiting 
 Officer ' [1706] ; ' The Beaux Strata- 
 gem ' [1707] ; ' Love's Catechism ' 
 (anon.; compiled by Farquhar from 
 preceding), 1707. 
 
 Posthumous: 'The Constant Couple,' 
 1710. 
 
 Collected Works: 'Comedies,' 1710; 
 'Works' (in 2 vols.), 1718-36 ; in 2 
 vols., 1892. 
 
 Life: by Wilkes, in 1775 edn. of 
 'Works'; by A. C. Ewald, in 1892 
 edn. 
 
 FARRAB (Frederick William), 
 Dean of Canterbury, b. 1831. Born, 
 in Bombay, 7 Aug. 1831. To King 
 William's Coll., Isle of Man, 1839 ; 
 afterwards at King's Coll., London. 
 Classical Exhbn., London Univ., 1850 ; 
 B. A., 1852 ; University Scholar, 1852. 
 Scholar of Trinity Coll., Cambridge, 
 1852 ; B.A., 1854 ; M.A., 1857. 
 Chancellor's English Verse Prize, 1852; 
 Le Bas Prize, 1856; Norris Prize, 
 1857. Ordained Deacon, 1854; Priest, 
 1857. Assistant-master at Marl- 
 borough, 1854-56 ; at Harrow, 1856- 
 71. Head Master of Marlborough, 
 Jan. 1871 to April 1876. B.D., 
 Cambridge, 187-2; D.D., 1873. Uni- 
 versity Preacher, Cambridge, 1868, 
 
 1869, 1872, 1874 ; Hulsean Lecturer, 
 
 1870. Hon. Chaplain to Queen, 186i) ; 
 Chaplain in Ordinary, 1873. Canon 
 of Westminster Abbey and Rector of 
 St. Margaret's, Westminster, April 
 1876 to 1895. Archdeacon of West- 
 minster, 24 April 1883 to 1895. 
 Bampton Lecturer, Oxford, 1885. 
 Visit to America, 1885. Lady Mar- 
 garet Preacher, Cambridge, 1890. 
 Chaplain to House of Commons, 1890- 
 95. Deputy Clerk of Closet to Queen, 
 1894-95. Dean of Canterbury, 1895. 
 
 Works : ' The Arctic Region, '1852; 
 'The Influence of the Revival of 
 Classical Studies,' 1858 (2nd edn. same 
 year) ; ' Lyrics of Life,' 1859 ; ' Julian 
 Home,' 1859 ; 'An Essay on the Origin 
 of Language,' 1860 ; ' St. Winifred's ' 
 (anon.), 1863 ; 'Chapters on Language,' 
 1865 ; ' Greek Grammar Rules,' 1866 ; 
 ' On Some Defects in Public School 
 Education,' 1867 ; ' The Fall of Man,' 
 1868 ; ' Seekers after God,' 1868 ; 
 ' Families of Speech,' 1870 ; ' The 
 Witness of Christ to History' (Hul- 
 sean Lectures), 1871; 'The Silence 
 and the Voices of God,' 1874 ; ' Life 
 
FAWCETT- FENTON 
 
 97 
 
 of Christ,' 1874 (2nd to 12th edns. 
 same year) ; ♦ The English Clergy,' 
 1875 ; • In the Days of thy Youth,' 
 1876; 'Saintly Workers,' 1878; 
 ♦Eternal Hope,' 1878 ; ♦ The Life and 
 Work of St. Paul,' 1879 ; ' Ephphatha,' 
 1880 ; • Mercy and Judgment,' 1881 ; 
 •The Early Days of Christianity,' 
 1882 ; ' My Object in Life,' 1883 ; 
 
 * General Aims of the Teacher,' 1883 ; 
 
 * The Messages of the Books,' 1884 ; 
 ♦The History of Interpretation' 
 (Bampton Lectures), 1886 ; ♦ Sermons 
 and Addresses delivered in America,' 
 1886; 'Every-Day Christian Life,' 
 1887 ; * Solomon,' 1887 ; ♦ Africa and 
 the Drink Trade,' 1888; 'Lives of 
 the Fathers,' 1889 ; 'Sermons,' 1889, 
 etc.; ♦The Minor Prophets,' 1890; 
 
 * The Passion Play at Oberammergau,' 
 1890; 'Truths to Live by,' 1890; 
 •Social and Present-Day Questions,' 
 1891 ; * Darkness and Dawn,' 1891 ; 
 
 * The Voice from Sinai,' 1892 ; ' Wil- 
 liam Holman Hunt ' (with Mrs. Mey- 
 nell), 1893 ; ' Our English Ministers ' 
 (with others), 1893; 'The Lord's 
 Prayer: Sermons,' 1893; 'The Life 
 of Christ, as represented in Art,' 1894 ; 
 'Gathering Clouds,' 1895 ; 'Westmin- 
 ster Abbey,' 1897. [Also a variety of 
 separate sermons and pamphlets.] 
 
 IBLehaa edited : 'Essays on a Liberal 
 Education,' 1867 ; Scott's ♦ Tales of a 
 Grandfather,' 1888 ; Lane's 'Life and 
 Writings of A. Vinet,' 1890 ; ' The 
 Imitation of Christ,' 1894 ; Lessing's 
 
 * Nathan the Wise,' 1894 ; P^re Hya- 
 cinth's 'Last Will and Testament,' 
 1895 ; and several books of the Bible 
 in the Cambridge Bible, Expositor's 
 Bible, etc. 
 
 FAWCETT (Henry) 1833-1884. 
 Bom, at Salisbury, 26 Aug. 1833. 
 Educated at school at Alderbury, 1841 
 [?]-47 ; at Queen wood Agricultural Coll., 
 3 Aug. 1847-49 ; at King's Coll. School, 
 London, 1849-52. To Peterhouse, 
 Cambridge, Oct. 1852 ; migrated to 
 Trinity Hall, Oct. 1853. B.A., 1856 ; 
 M.A., 1859. Fellowship at Trinity 
 Hall, Dec. 1856. Entered at Lin- 
 coln's Inn, 26 Oct. 1854 ; settled there 
 as student, Nov. 1856. Visit to Paris, 
 
 1857. Accidentally blinded while 
 shooting, 17 Sept. 1858. Returned 
 to Trinity Hall. Read papers on 
 Political Economy at British Assoc, 
 Sept. 1859. Member of Polit. Econ. 
 Club, 1861. Prof, of Polit. Econ., 
 Cambridge, 27 Nov. 1863 to 1884. 
 Resigned Fellowship, 1866, to be 
 re-elected same year under new 
 statutes permitting marriage. Mar- 
 ried Millicent Garrett, 23 April 
 1867. Life spent in London, except 
 during lectures at Cambridge. Read 
 paper on 'Proportional Representation ' 
 at Social Science Assoc, 1859. M.P. 
 for Brighton, 12 July 1865 ; re-elected 
 Nov. 1868. M.P. for Hackney, 24 
 April 1874 ; re-elected, 31 March 1880, 
 as Postmaster-General. Contrib. at 
 various times to ' Macmillan's Maga- 
 zine ' and ♦ Fortnightly Review ' (List 
 of articles is given in Leslie Stephen's 
 ♦ Life ' of Fawcett). Severe illness in 
 Nov. 1882. Doctor of Polit. Econ., 
 Wurzburg, 1882. F.R.S., 1882. Lord 
 Rector of Glasgow Univ., and Hon. 
 LL.D. degree, 1883. Corresponding 
 member of Institute of France, 1884. 
 Died, at Cambridge, 6 Nov. 1884; 
 buried at Trumpington. 
 
 Works: ♦Mr. Hare's Reform Bill, 
 simplified and explained,' 1860; 'The 
 Leading Clauses of a new Reform 
 Bill,' 1860; 'Manual of Political 
 Economy,' 1863 ; ' The Economic 
 Position of the British Labourer,' 
 1865 ; ♦ Pauperism,' 1871 ; ♦ Essays 
 and Lectures ' (with Mrs. Fawcett), 
 1872 ; ' The Present Position of the 
 Government' (from 'Fortnightly Re- 
 view '), 1872 ; ' Speeches on Some 
 Current Political Questions,' 1873 ; 
 'Free Trade and Protection,' 1878; 
 ' Indian Finance ' (from ♦ Nineteenth 
 Century '), 1880 ; ' State Socialism ' 
 (from his 'Manual of Polit. Econ.'), 
 1883 ; ' Labour and Wages ' (from 
 ' Manual of Polit. Econ.'), 1884. 
 Life : by Leslie Stephen, 1885. 
 
 FENTON (Elijah), 1683-1730. Born, 
 at Shelton, Staffordshire, 20 May 1683. 
 To Jesus Coll., Cambridge [1700 ?] ; 
 B.A., 1704; removed to Trinity Hall, 
 1726. Secretary to Earl of Orrery. 
 7 
 
98 
 
 FERRIER-FIELDING 
 
 Afterwards Assistant Scoolinaster at 
 Headley, Surrey, and Headmaster of 
 Sevenoaks Grammar School; resigned 
 in 1710. First volume of poems 
 published, 1707. Tutor to Earl of 
 Orrery's son [1714?-1720?]. Tutor to 
 Cragga (Sec. of State), [1720 ?-1721]. 
 Tragedy, * Mariamne,' produced, 1723. 
 Tutor to son of Lady Trumbull 
 [1725 ?] ; spent remainder of life as 
 her auditor of accounts. Died, at 
 Easthampstead, Berkshire, Aug. 1730. 
 
 Works : * Ode to the Sun ' (anon.), 
 1707 ; * Oxford and Cambridge Mis- 
 cellany Poems,' 1709 ; * Ode addressed 
 to the Savoir Vivre Club ' (anon.), 
 [1710?]; 'An Epistle to Mr. Southerne,' 
 1711 ; * Poems on Several Occasions,' 
 1717 ; ' Life of Milton ' (prefixed to 
 * Paradise Lost '), 1725. 
 
 He edited : Edmund Waller's 
 Works, 1729 ; and translated : 
 Homer's 'Odyssey' (with Pope and 
 Broome), 1725; Secundus' 'Basia,' 
 1731. 
 
 Collected Worls: 'Poetical Works,' 
 with life, 1802 ; ed. by Dr. Johnson, 
 1822. 
 
 Life : in Johnson's edn. of ' Works, ' 
 1822. 
 
 FERRIEB (Susan Edmonstone), 
 1782-1854. Born, in Edinburgh, 7 
 Sept. 1782. After mother's death and 
 marriage of sisters, kept house for 
 father till his death in 1829. Visits to 
 Sir Walter Scott, 1811, 1829, 1831. 
 Visit to London, 1830. Eyesight failed. 
 Died, in Edinburgh, 5 Nov. 1854. 
 
 Works : * Marriage ' (anon. ; with 
 Miss Clavering), 1818 ; ' The Inheri- 
 tance ' (anon.), 1824 ; ' Destiny ' 
 (anon.), 1831. 
 
 Collected Works: in 6 vols., 1882 ; 
 in 1 vol., ed. by R. B. Johnson, 
 1894. 
 
 FIELD (Nathaniel), 1587-1633. 
 Born, in Cripplegate, 1587 ; baptized, 
 17 Oct. 1587. One of the children of 
 the Queen's Revels. First play, *A 
 Woman is a Weathercocke, ' performed 
 before King at Whitehall [1610?]. 
 Joined King's Players, about 1615. 
 Various plays produced at Black- 
 
 friars Theatre. Married Anne , 
 
 [1618 ?J. Retired from stage about 
 1623. Died, Feb. 1633 ; buried, 20 
 Feb. 
 
 Works : ' A Woman is a Weather- 
 cocke,' 1612; 'Amends for Ladies,' 
 1618 ; • The Fatal Dowry ' (with 
 Massinger ; under initials : * P. M. 
 and N. F.'), 1632. 
 
 Posthumous : * The Remonstrance 
 of Nathaniel Field,' 1865. 
 
 FIELDING (Henry) 1707-1754. 
 Born, at Sharpham Park, Somerset- 
 shire, 22 April 1707. Family moved 
 to East Stour, Dorsetshire, 1710. 
 Educated at Eton [1719 ?-1725 ?]. At 
 Leyden, studying Law [1725-27 ?]. 
 Returned to London. First play, 
 'Love in several Masques,' produced 
 at Drury Lane, Feb. 1728. Probably 
 returned to Leyden for a short time 
 in 1728. Prolific writer of plays, 
 1727-37. Married Charlotte Cradock, 
 1735 [?]. Manager of Hayraarket 
 Theatre, 1736-37. Entered Middle 
 Temple, 1 Nov. 1737 ; called to Bar, 
 20 June 1740. Edited 'The Champion,' 
 with J. Ralph ; contrib. articles, 27 
 Nov. 1739 to 12 June 1740. Revised 
 his play, ' The Wedding Day,' for 
 Garrick ; produced 17 Feb. 1743. 
 Wife died, 1743 [?]. Ed. 'The True 
 Patriot,' 5 Nov. 1745 to 10 June 1746. 
 Edited * The Jacobite's Journal,' Dec. 
 1747 to Nov. 1748. Married Mary 
 Daniel, 27 Nov. 1747. Lived at 
 Twickenham. Moved to house in 
 Bow Street, when appointed J.P. for 
 Westminster, Dec. 1748. Chairman 
 of Quarter Sessions, Hick's Hall, 
 May 1749. Ed. ' Covent Garden 
 Journal,' Jan. to Nov. 1752. Severe 
 illness, winter of 1749, and spring of 
 1754. Moved to Ealing, May 1754. 
 To Lisbon for health, July 1754. 
 Died there, 8 Oct. 1754 ; buried in 
 English cemetery there. 
 
 ^^'orks : * Love in Several Masques,' 
 1728; 'Rape upon Rape' (anon.), 
 1730 (another edition, called: 'The 
 Coflfee-house Politicians,' 1730); 'The 
 Temple Beau,' 1730 ; ' The Author's 
 Farce ' (under pseud. ' H. Scriblerus 
 Secundus '), 1730 ; * Tom Thumb ' 
 
FIELDING -FINLAY 
 
 99 
 
 (by * Scriblerus Secundus '), 1730 (with 
 additional act, 1731) ; ' The Welsh 
 Opera ' (by * Scriblerus Secundus '), 
 1731 (2nd edn. same year, called : 'The 
 Grub Street Opera ') ; * The Letter- 
 Writers' (by 'H. Scriblerus Secundus'), 
 1731 ; 'The Lottery' (anon.), 1732 ; 
 •The Modern Husband,' 1732 ; 'The 
 Covent Garden Tragedy ' (anon.), 
 1732; 'The Debauchees' (or 'The 
 Old Debauchees'; anon.), 1732; 'The 
 Mock Doctor ' (anon. ; from Molifere), 
 1732; 'The Miser,' 1733 ; 'The In- 
 triguing Chambermaid,' 1734 (from 
 Regnard) ; ' Don Quixote in England,' 
 
 1734 ; ' An Old Man taught Wisdom,' 
 
 1735 ; ' The Universal Gallant,' 1735 ; 
 
 * Pasquin,' 1736 ; * The Historical 
 Register for the Year 1736' (anon.), 
 1737; 'Eurydice,' 1737; 'Tumble- 
 down Dick,' 1737 ; 'The Vernon-iad' 
 (anon.), 1741; 'The Crisis' (anon.), 
 
 1741 ; 'Miss Lucy in Town' (anon.), 
 
 1742 ; 'Letter to a Noble Lord' (re- 
 specting preceding ; anon.), 1742 ; 
 
 * The History of the Adventures of 
 Joseph Andrews' (2 vols.; anon.), 
 1742 (2nd edn. same year) ; « A Full 
 Vindication of the Duchess Dowager 
 of Marlborough ' (anon.), 1742 ; 
 
 • Plutus ' (from Aristophanes, with 
 W. Young), 1742; 'The Wedding 
 Day,' 1743 ; ' Miscellanies ' (including 
 'Jonathan Wild, '3 vols.), 1743 (2nd 
 edn. same year) ; 'Proper Answer 
 to a Scurrilous Libel,' 1747 ; 'The His- 
 tory of Tom Jones ' (6 vols. ), 1749 ; ' A 
 Charge delivered to the Grand Jury,' 
 1749 ; 'A True State of the Case of 
 Bosavem Penlez,' 1749 ; 'An Enquiry 
 into the Causes of the late Increase of 
 Robbers, etc.,' 1751 ; ' Amelia,' 1751 ; 
 
 • Examples of the Interposition of 
 Providence,' 1752 ; ' Proposals for 
 Making an effectual Provision for the 
 Poor,' 1753 ; ' A Clear State of the 
 Case of Elizabeth Canning,' 1753. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Journal of a Voyage 
 to Lisbon,' 1755; 'The Fathers,' 1778. 
 
 He translated : Ovid's ' Art of 
 Love,' under title of ' The Lover's 
 Assistant,' 1859; and edited: the 2nd 
 edn. of Sarah Fielding's ' Adventures 
 of David Simple,' 1744, and 'Familiar 
 Letters,' 1747. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by Murphy, 
 in 4 vols , 1762 ; ed. by Chalmers, in 
 10 vols., 1806 ; ed. by Roscoe, 1840 ; 
 ed. by Herbert, 1872 ; ed. by Leslie 
 Stephen, 10 vols. 1882; ed. by G. 
 Saintsbury, 12 vols. 1893. 
 
 Life : by F. Lawrence, 1855 ; by 
 Austin Dobson, 1883. 
 
 FIELDINa (Sarah), 1710.1788. 
 [Sister of preceding.] Born, at East 
 Stour, Dorsetshire, 8 Nov. 1710. First 
 novel published, 1744. Died, at 
 Bath, 1768. 
 
 Works : ' The Adventures of David 
 Simple,' vols, i., ii. (anon.), 1744 (2nd 
 edn. same year); vol. iii., 1752; 
 'Familiar Letters between the prin- 
 cipal characters in David Simple ' 
 (anon.), 1747 ; ' The Governess' (from 
 'Gentleman's Mag.'; anon.), 1749; 
 'The Cry' (anon. ; with Jane Collier), 
 1754; 'Lives of Cleopatra and Oc- 
 tavia ' (anon. ; privately printed), 
 1757; 'The Countess of Dellwyn' 
 (anon.), 1759. 
 
 Posthumous : ' History of Ophelia,' 
 1785. 
 
 She translated : Xenophon's * Me- 
 moirs of Socrates,' 1762. 
 
 FINLAY (George), 1799 - 1875. 
 Born, at Faversham, Kent, 21 Dec. 
 1799. Educated privately. Studied 
 Law in Glasgow ; subsequently went 
 to Gottingen University, 1821. Visit 
 to Greece, Nov. 1823 to Dec. 1824 ; 
 met Byron there. Returned to Scot- 
 land, 1825. To Greece again, 1827 ; 
 remained there, active on behalf of 
 Greek people, till his death. Contrib. 
 to ' Blackwood's Mag.,' 'Athenaeum,' 
 • Saturday Review ' ; and a series of 
 letters to the ' Times,' 1864-70. Died, 
 at Athens, 26 Jan. 1875. 
 
 Works: 'The Hellenic Kingdom,' 
 1836 ; ' Remarks on the Topography 
 of Oropia,' 1838 ; ' 'E-mffroXrj Trpog 
 Tovg 'A9t]vaiovg,' 1844 ; 'Greece under 
 the Romans,' 1844 ; ' On the Site of 
 the Holy Sepulchre,' 1847 ; * The 
 History of Greece . . . 1204 to 1461,' 
 1851 ; * History of the Byzantine and 
 Greek Empires' (2 vols.), 1863-54; 
 ♦The History of Greece under the Otto- 
 7-2 
 
100 
 
 FITZGERALD— FLETCHER 
 
 man and Venetian Domination,' 1856 ; 
 'History of the Greek Revolution,' 
 1861 ; ' TiapaTi)pr)aHQ kin ttjq kv 'E\- 
 ^BTig, Kat 'EXXadi Trpo'iffTopiKijQ dpxaio- 
 Xoyiag,' 1869 ; * A History of Greece. 
 . . . B.O. 146 to A.D. 1864 ' (collected 
 from preceding works, and ed. by 
 H. F. Tozer), 1877. 
 
 Life : ' Autobiography ' in vol. i. of 
 1877 edn. of ' History of Greece.' 
 
 FITZGEBALD (Edward), 1809- 
 1883. Born, at Bredfield House, 
 Woodbridge, Suffolk, 31 March 1809. 
 At King Edward VI. 's Grammar 
 School, Bury St. Edmunds, 1821-26. 
 To Trinity OoU., Camb., Oct. 1826 ; 
 B.A., 1830. Visit to Paris, 1830. 
 Family removed to Ipswich, 1825 ; to 
 Boulge Hall, near Bredfield, 1835. 
 Intimate friendship with Thackeray 
 and Carlyle. Married Lucy Barton, 
 1856 [?]. Lived at Farlingay HaU, 
 near Woodbridge, 1853-60 ; in Wood- 
 bridge, 1860-74 ; at Little Grange, 
 1874-83. Died, suddenly, at Merton 
 Rectory, Norfolk, 14 June 1883. 
 Buried at Boulge. 
 
 Works : * Euphranor ' (anon. ), 1851 ; 
 •Polynius' (;inon.), 1852; Trans, of 
 * Six Dramas ' of Calderon, 1853 ; 
 Trans, of the ' SaUm^n and Abs^l ' 
 of J^nd (anon.), 1856 ; Trans, of the 
 'Rub^iy^t' of Omar Khayyam (anon.), 
 1859 ; Trans, of ^schylus' 'Agamem- 
 non ' (anon.), 1876; Trans, of Cal- 
 deron's 'Mighty Magician' (anon.), 
 1877. 
 
 Posthumous : * Works ' (2 vols.), 
 1887; 'Letters and Literary Remains,' 
 ed. by W. Aldis Wright (3 vols.), 
 1889 ; ' Letters,' ed. by W. A. Wright 
 (2 vols.), 1894 ; ' Letters to Fanny 
 Kemble, 1871-1883,' ed. by W. A. 
 Wright, 1895. 
 
 He edited : ' Selections from the 
 Poems and Letters of Bernard Barton,' 
 1842 ; 'Readings in Crabbe,' 1882. 
 
 FLETCHER (Giles), 1688 [?]— 1623. 
 [Brother of Phineas Fletcher, q. v.] 
 Born, probably in London, about 1588. 
 Probably educated at Westminster 
 School. To Cambridge, 1602 [?]. 
 Scholar of Trin. Coll., Camb., 12 
 April 1605; B.A., 1606; Minor 
 
 Fellow of Trin. Coll., 17 Sept. 1608. 
 Reader in Greek Grammar, 1615 ; 
 Reader in Greek Language, 1618. 
 Ordained, 1618. Rector of Alder ton, 
 Suffolk. Died, 1623. 
 
 Works : ' Christ's Victorie and 
 Triumph,' 1610 ; ' The Reward of the 
 Faithful],' 1623; 'Licia' (anon.), 
 [1593]. 
 
 Collected Poems: ed. by A. B. 
 Grosart, 1868. 
 
 FLETCHER (John), 1679-1625. 
 Born, at Rye, Dec. 1579. Possibly 
 'pensioner' of Corpus Coll., Camb., 
 1591 ; Bible - Clerk, 1593. Early 
 intimacy with Francis Beaumont. 
 Collaborated with him, 1605 - 14. 
 Died, in London, Aug. 1625 ; buried 
 at St. Saviour's, Southwark, 29 Aug. 
 
 Works : [For plays published under 
 the joint names of Francis Beaumont 
 and John Fletcher, see supra : Beau- 
 mont and Fletcher.] 'The Faithful 
 Shepherdess ' [1609 ? ] ; ' The Tragedy 
 of Thierry, King of France ' (anon. ; 
 possibly by Fletcher), 1621. 
 
 Posthumous: 'The Two Noble 
 Kinsmen ' (published in names of 
 Fletcher and Shakespeare ; probably 
 by Fletcher [and Massinger ?]), 1634 ; 
 •The Elder Brother' (published in 
 Fletcher's name ; probably written with 
 Beaumont), 1637 ; 'Monsieur Thomas,' 
 1639 ; ' Wit Without Money ' (pub- 
 lished in Beaumont and Fletcher's 
 names ; probably by Fletcher), 1639 ; 
 'Rule a Wife and Have a Wife,' 
 1640; 'The Coronation' (anon.), 1640; 
 ' The Night Walker ' (with Shirley ?), 
 1640. 
 
 FLETCHER (Phineas), 1582-1660. 
 [Brother of Giles Fletcher, q. v.] 
 Born, at Cranbrook, Kent, 8 April 
 1582. Educated at Eton. Scholar 
 of King's Coll., Cambridge, 24 Aug. 
 1600; B.A., 1604; M.A., 1608; 
 FeUow of King's Coll., 1611 [?]; B.D. 
 Left Cambridge, 1616. Chaplain to 
 Sir H. Willoughby, 1616-21. Rector 
 of Hilgay, Norfolk, 1621-50. Mar- 
 ried Elizabeth Vincent, 1622 [?]. Died, 
 at Hilgay, winter of 1650. 
 
 Works: *Locust8e,' 1627; 'Sice- 
 
FONBLANQUE— FORD 
 
 101 
 
 lides' (anon.), 1631; 'The Way to 
 Blessedness,' 1632; 'Joy in Tribula- 
 tion,' 1632; 'The Purple Island' 
 (anon.), 1633 ; 'Elisa' (anon.), 1633; 
 *Piscatorie Eclogs' (anon.), 1633; 
 ' SyUsk Poetica,' 1633. 
 
 Posthumous : * A Father's Testa- 
 ment,' 1670. 
 
 He edited: 'De Literis Antiquse 
 Britanniee,' by his father, Giles 
 Fletcher, 1633. 
 
 FONBLANQUE (Albany WUliam), 
 1793-1872. Born, in London, 1793. 
 To Woolwich, to study for Engineers, 
 1897, but compelled to give up 
 studies for two years through illness. 
 Studied law, 1810 - 12. Adopted 
 journalism as profession,' 1812. On 
 staff of * Times ' and ' Morning 
 Chronicle,' and contrib. to ' Examiner,' 
 ' London Mag.,' and ' Westminster 
 Review,' 1820-30. Married Miss 
 Keane, 1829. On staff of 'The Atlas.' 
 Principal leader-writer to 'The Ex- 
 aminer,' 1826 ; editor, Sept. 1830-47 ; 
 proprietor, 1835 [?]-65. Appointment 
 on Board of Trade, 1847. Repre- 
 sented Great Britain in International 
 Statistical Congress, 1854. Retired 
 from public during last ten years of 
 life. Died, 13 Oct. 1872. 
 
 WorJcs : ' England under Seven 
 Administrations, ' 1837. 
 
 Life : 'Life and Labours of Albany 
 Fonblanque,' ed. by E. B. de Fon- 
 blanque, 1874. 
 
 FOOTE (Samuel), 1720-1777. Born, 
 in Truro, Jan. 1720 [?] ; baptized 27 
 Jan. 1720. At school at Worcester. 
 Matric. at Worcester Coll., Oxford, 
 1 July 1737 ; took no degree. Be- 
 came an actor ; first appeared at Hay- 
 market Theatre, 6 Feb. 1744. Acted 
 in Dublin same year. Acted in Lon- 
 don, 1745-49. Lived in Paris, 1750- 
 52. Acted in London, 1763-57 ; in 
 Dublin, winter of 1757-58 ; in Edin- 
 burgh, spring of 1759 ; in Dublin, 
 winter of 1759-60. Manager of Hay- 
 market, 1760 ; of Drury Lane, 1761. 
 Acted till 1766 ; in that year lost leg 
 through accident. Granted patent to 
 build a theatre. Opened new theatre 
 
 in Hayraarket, May 1767. Visited 
 Dublin, 1768. Manager of Edinburgh 
 theatre, 1770. Sold patent of London 
 theatre, 16 Jan. 1777. Died, at Dover, 
 21 Oct. 1777. Buried in West Clois- 
 ter of Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works : * The Genuine Memoirs . . . 
 of Sir J. D. Goodere' [1741?]; 'A 
 Treatise on the Passions ' [1747] ; 
 'The Roman and English Comedy 
 Consider'd,' 1747 ; * Taste,' 1752 ; 
 'The Englishman in Paris,' 1753; 
 * The Knights,' 1754 ; ' The English- 
 man Returned from Paris,' 1756 ; 
 *The Author,' 1757; 'The Minor,' 
 1760 ; * A Letter ... to the Reverend 
 Author of the " Remarks ... on The 
 Minor," ' 1760 ; ' The Orators,' 1762 ; 
 'The Comic Theatre ; being a free 
 Translation of all the best French 
 Comedies, by S. Foote and others' 
 (5 vols.), 1762 ; 'The Lyar' (adapted 
 from Corneille), 1764 ; * The Mayor 
 of Garratt,' 1764 ; 'The Patron,* 1764 ; 
 ' The Commissary,' 1765 ; ' The Lame 
 Lover,' 1770; 'Apology for "The 
 Minor," ' 1771 ; 'A Trip to Calais' 
 (under pseud.: ' Timothy Timbertoe '), 
 1775 ; 'The Bankrupt,' 1776. 
 
 Posthumous : ' The Maid of Bath ' 
 (anon.), 1778 ; 'The Devil upon Two 
 Sticks,' 1778; 'The Nabob,' 1778; 
 •The Cozeners' (anon.), 1778 ; 'The 
 Capuchin,' 1778, 
 
 Collected Worls: in 4 vols., 1763- 
 78 ; in 3 vols., 1830. 
 
 Life: * Memoirs' (anon.), [1788]; 
 by W. Cooke, 1805 ; by J. Bee, in 
 1830 edn. of 'Works.' 
 
 FORD (John), 1586-1650 [%]. Born, 
 at Ilsington, Devonshire, 1586. Bap- 
 tized 17 April. Probably matric. at 
 Exeter Coll., Oxford, 26 March 1601. 
 Admitted to Middle Temple, 16 Nov. 
 1602. Wrote plays, 1628-39. Prob- 
 ably spent later years of life in Devon- 
 shire ; and died there, about 1650 [?]. 
 
 Works : * Fames Memoriall,' 1606 ; 
 ' Honor Triumphant,' 1606 ; * A Line 
 of Life,' 1620 ; ' The Lovers' Melan- 
 choly,' 1629 ; * 'Tis Pitty She's a 
 Whore,' 1633 ; ' The Broken Heart,' 
 1633; 'Love's Sacrifice,' 1633; 'The 
 
102 
 
 rORSTER-FOWLER 
 
 Chronicle Historie of Perkin Warbeck,' 
 1634 ; ' The Fancies Chast and Noble,' 
 1638 ; ' The Ladies' Triall,' 1639. 
 
 Posthumous : * The Sun's Darling ' 
 (with Dekker), 1656 (another edn. 
 same year) ; • The Witch of Edmon- 
 ton ' (with Rowley, Dekker, and 
 others), 1658. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by Weber (2 
 vols.), 1811 ; ed. by Gifford (2 vols.), 
 1827 ; ed. by Dyce (3 vols.), 1869. 
 
 Life : by Gifford, revised in 1869 
 edn. of ' Works.' 
 
 FORSTER (John), 1812-1876. Born, 
 at Newcastle, 2 April 1812. At school 
 at Newcastle. Play, ' Charles at Tun- 
 bridge,' performed at Newcastle 
 theatre, 2 May 1828. To Cambridge, 
 Oct. 1828. Removed to University 
 Coll., London, Nov. 1828. Student 
 at Inner Temple, 10 Nov. 1828; called 
 to Bar, 27 Jan. 1843. Contrib. to 
 ' Newcastle Magazine,' 1829. Dra- 
 matic critic of 'True Sun,' 1832. 
 Editor of * The Reflector ' series of 
 essays, 1832-33. Contrib. to ' Courier ' 
 and * Athenaeum.' Literary and dra- 
 matic critic to 'Examiner,' 1833. 
 Edited 'Foreign Quarterly Review,' 
 1842-43. Contrib. to 'Shilling Maga- 
 zine ' and * Edinburgh Review,' 1845, 
 1856. Editor of ' Daily News,' Feb. 
 to Oct., 1846. Editor of ' Examiner,' 
 1847 to Dec. 1855. Contrib. to ' Quar- 
 terly Review,' Sept. 1854 to 1855. 
 Secretary to Commissioners of Lunacy, 
 Dec. 1855 to Feb. 1861. Married Mrs. 
 Eliza Ann Colburn, 24 Sept. 1856. 
 Commissioner of Lunacy, Feb. 1861 to 
 1872. Died, 2 Feb. 1876. Buried 
 at Kensal Green. 
 
 Worhs: 'Rhyme and Reason' 
 (anon.), 1832 ; ' Lives of the States- 
 men of the Commonwealth ' (5 vols., 
 in ' Lardner's Cyclopaedia '), 1836-39 ; 
 
 * The Life and Adventures of Oliver 
 Goldsmith,' 1848(enlarged edn. called 
 'Life and Times' of Goldsmith, 1854); 
 
 * Historical and Biographical Essays,' 
 1858 ; ♦ The Arrest of the Five Mem- 
 bers by Charles L,' 1860; 'The De- 
 bates on the Grand Remonstrance,' 
 1860; 'Life of Landor' (2 vols.), 
 1869; 'Life of Dickens' (3 vols.), 
 
 1872-74; 'Life of Jonathan Swift,' 
 vol. i., 1876. 
 
 He edited : Evelyn's ' Diary,' 1850- 
 52. 
 
 FOSTER (John), 1770-1843. Born, 
 at Wadsworth Lane, near Halifax, 
 17 Sept. 1770. At Baptist Coll., 
 Bristol, Sept. 1791 to May 1792. Bap- 
 tist preacher at Newcastle, 1792. In 
 Dublin, 1793-94. Returned to Eng- 
 land, 1794. To Dublin again, 1795. 
 Returned to Wadsworth Lane, Feb. 
 
 1796. Baptist minister at Chichester, 
 
 1797. To Battersea, 1799. Minister 
 at Downend, Bristol, 1800-04 ; at 
 Sheppard's Barton, near Frome, 1804- 
 06. Contrib. to 'Eclectic Review,' 
 1806-39. Married Maria Snooke, 
 May 1808 ; settled at Bourton, Glou- 
 cestershire. Minister at Downend 
 again, 1817-21. Removed to Stapyl- 
 ton, Gloucestershire, 1821. Lectured 
 in Broadmead Chapel, Bristol, 1822- 
 23. Wife died, 1832. Contrib. to 
 ' Morning Chronicle,' 1834-35. Died, 
 15 Oct. 1843. Buried in Downend 
 Baptist Chapel burial-ground. 
 
 Works: 'Essays,' 1805 (2nd edn. 
 same year) ; * Discourse on Missions,' 
 1818 ; ' On the Evils of Popular Ig- 
 norance,' 1820; 'Introductory Observa- 
 tions on Dr. Marshman's Statement,' 
 1828. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Contributions . . . 
 to the " Eclectic Review " ' (2 vols. ), 
 1844. 
 
 He edited : Doddridge's * Rise and 
 Progress of Religion,' 1825 ; Hall's 
 'Works,' 1832. 
 
 Life: 'Life and Correspondence,' 
 by J. E. Ryland, 1846. 
 
 FOWLER (Thomas), b. 1832. Bom, 
 at Burton-Stather, Lines., 1 Sept. 
 1832. Early education by private 
 tutors. At King William's Coll., Isle 
 of Man, Jan. 1848 to Dec. 1849. Ma- 
 tric. at Merton Coll., Oxford, as Post- 
 master, 31 May 1850 ; B.A., 1854 ; 
 M. A., 1857. Ordained Deacon, 1855 ; 
 Priest, 1857. Denyer Theol. Prize 
 Essay, 1858. Fellow of Lincoln Coll., 
 1855-81 ; Tutor, 1855-73. Memb. of 
 Hebdomadal Council, 1869. Select 
 Preacher, 1872-73. Prof, of Logic, 
 
FOX— FREEMAN 
 
 103 
 
 1873-88. President of Corpus Christi 
 Coll., 23 Dec. 1881. Hon. LL.D., 
 Edinburgh, 1882. B.D. and D.D., 
 Oxford, 1886. Has contributed to 
 • Saturday Review,' 'Spectator,' 'Aca- 
 demy,' * Macmillan's Magazine,' 'Fort- 
 nightly Review,' 'Dictionaryof National 
 Biography,' ' Encyclopaedia Britan- 
 nica,' etc. 
 
 Works : ' The Elements of Deduc- 
 tive Logic,' 1867 ; ' The Elements of 
 Inductive Logic,' 1870; 'Locke,' 
 1880 ; ' Bacon,' 1881 ; * Shaftesbury 
 and Hutcheson,' 1882; 'Progressive 
 Morality,' 1884 ; * The Principles of 
 Morals,' pt. i. (with J. M. Wilson), 
 
 1886 ; pt. ii. (by T. Fowler alone), 
 
 1887 ; pts. i. and ii. together, 1894 ; 
 ' The History of Corpus Christi Coll.,' 
 1893. 
 
 He has edited : Bacon's * Novum 
 Organum,' 1878; Locke's 'Conduct 
 of the Understanding,' 1881. 
 
 FOX (John), 1516-1587. Born, at 
 Boston, Lincolnshire, 1516. To Ox- 
 ford, 1532 ; probably to Magdalen 
 Coll. School, and afterwards to Mag- 
 dalen Coll. B.A., 17 July 1537 ; 
 M.A., 6 June 1543. Probationary 
 Fellow of Magdalen Coll., July 1538 ; 
 Fellow, 25 July 1539. Resigned 
 Fellowship, July 1545. Tutor to son 
 of William Lucy, 1545-46. Married 
 Agnes Randall, 3 Feb. 1547. Tutor 
 to children of Earl of Surrey, at 
 Reigate, 1548-53. Ordained Deacon, 
 24 June 1550. With Protestant 
 Refugees in Germany and Switzerland, 
 1554-58. Returned to England, Oct. 
 1559. Ordained Priest, 25 Jan. 1560. 
 Under Duke of Norfolk's patronage, 
 1559-64. Prebendary of Salisbury 
 Cathedral and Vicar of Shipton, 1563. 
 At Waltham, 1565-66. Lived in 
 Grub Street, London, 1570-87. Canon 
 of Durham, 14 Oct. 1572 ; resigned 
 same year. Died, in London, 18 
 April 1587. Buried in St. Giles's 
 Church, Cripplegate. 
 
 Works: *De non plectendis morte 
 adulteris Consultatio,' 1548 (another 
 edn., called ' De lapsis in Ecclesiam 
 recipiendis,' 1549) ; ' De Censura,' 
 1551 ; ' Tables of Grammar,' 1552 ; 
 
 'Commentarii rerum in Ecclesia 
 gestarum,' 1554 (another edn., called 
 'Chronicon Ecclesiae,' 1564) ; * Christus 
 Triumphans,' 1556 ; 'Adinclytos . . . 
 Anglise proceres . . . Suppllcatio,' 
 1557 ; ' Locorum Communium Logi- 
 calium Tituli,' 1557 ; 'Rerum in Ec- 
 clesia gestarum . . . maximarumque 
 per Europam Persecutionum ac 
 Sanctorum Dei Martyrum . . . Com- 
 mentarii' (2 pts.), 1559, 1563 (English 
 trans., called ' Actes and Monuments,' 
 1563); 'Syllogisticon,' 1563; 'A 
 Sermon of Christ Crucified,' 1570 
 (Latin trans., called * De Christo Cru- 
 cifixio Concio,' 1571); 'Reformatio 
 Legum,' 1571 ; *De Oliva Evan- 
 gelica,' 1577 (English trans., by James 
 Bell, 1578) ; ' A Sermon at the 
 Christening of a certaine Jew,' 1578 ; 
 *A New Year's Gift' [1579?]; 
 'Contra Hieron. Osorium Responsio 
 Apologetica,' 1577 (English trans., 
 1581) ; ' The Pope Confuted ' (anon.), 
 1580 ; 'De Christo gratis justificante,' 
 1583 (English trans., 1598). 
 
 Posthumous : 'Eicasmi,' 1587. 
 
 He translated : (Ecolampadius* 
 ' Sermon ... to Yong Men and 
 Maydens' [1550?]; Regius' *In- 
 struccyon of Christen fayth ' (anon.), 
 [1550 ?] ; Luther's ' Fruitfull Sermon 
 . . . made of the Angelles ' (anon.) 
 [1554?] ; and ed. : Ridley's ' Friendly 
 Farewel,' 1559. 
 
 FREEMAN (Edward Augastns), 
 1823-1892. Born, at Harborne, Staf- 
 fordshire, 2 Aug. 1823. Educated at 
 school at Northampton, 1831-37 ; at 
 Cheam, 1837-39 ; with private tutor, 
 1840-41. Verses pubd. in 'Cromer 
 Telegraph,' 1834. Matric. Trinity 
 Coll., Oxford, as scholar, 7 June 1841 ; 
 B.A., 10 May 1845 ; M.A., 14 Jan 
 
 1848 ; FeUow, May 1845 to April 
 1847 ; Reader in Rhetoric, 1846. Mar- 
 ried Eleanor Gutch, 13 April 1847. 
 Settled at Oaklands, Gloucestershire, 
 
 1849 ; removed to Lanrumney, Car- 
 diff, 1855. Contrib. to 'British Quar- 
 terly Rev.,' 1851-81 ; to 'North Brit. 
 Rev.,' 1854-66 ; to ' Edin. Rev.,' 1856- 
 65 ; to 'National Rev.,' 1858-64 ; to 
 ' Fortnightly Rev.,' 1865-89 ; to ' Mac- 
 
104 
 
 FROUDE 
 
 millan's Mag.,' 1870-92; to 'Con- 
 temp. Rev.,' 1877-91, etc., etc. Hon. 
 D.O.L., Oxford, 22 June 1870. Rede 
 Lecturer, Camb., 1872. Hon. Mem. 
 Hist. Soc. of Massachusetts, 1873. 
 Hon. LL.D., Camb., 1874. Knight 
 Commander of Greek Order of Re- 
 deemer, 1875. Corresp. Mem. of Imp. 
 Acad, of Science, St. Petersburg, 1876. 
 Hon. Fellow Trin. Coll., Oxford, 1880. 
 Mem. of Royal Commission on Eccle- 
 Biastical Courts, 1881. Regius Prof, 
 of Modern Hist., and Fellow of Oriel 
 Coll., Oxford, 1884. Hon. LL.D., 
 Edinburgh, 17 April 1884. Ill health 
 from 1886. Died, at Alicante, 16 
 March 1892. Buried in Protestant 
 Cemetery there. 
 
 Works : * Principles of Church Re- 
 storation,' 1846; 'Thoughts on the 
 Study of History,' 1849 ; « History of 
 Architecture,' 1849; 'Notes on the 
 Architectural Antiquities of . . . 
 Gower,' 1850; 'An Essay on . . . 
 Window Tracery in England,' 1850 ; 
 'Remarks on the Architecture of 
 Llandaff Cathedral/ 1850 ; ' Poems ' 
 (with G. W. Cox), 1850 ; ' The pre- 
 servation and restoration of Ancient 
 Monuments,' 1852 ; ' Suggestions with 
 regard to certain proposed alterations 
 in the Universities' (with F. H. 
 Dickinson), 1854 ; 'The History and 
 Conquest of the Saracens,' 1856 ; ' The 
 History and Antiquities of St. David's ' 
 (withW. B. Jones), 1856; 'Ancient 
 Greece and Mediaeval Italy,' 1857 ; 
 * History of Federal Government,' 
 vol. i. (no more pubd.), 1863 ; 'Leo- 
 minster Priory Church ' (with G. F. 
 Townsend), [1863] ; ' The History of 
 the Norman Conquest of England ' 
 (6 vols.), 1867-79; 'Old English 
 History for Children,' 1869; 'His- 
 tory of the Cathedral Church of 
 Wells,' 1870 ; ' Historical Essays ' (4 
 series), 1871-92 ; ' General Sketch of 
 European History,' 1872 ; ' The 
 Growth of the English Constitution,' 
 1872 ; 'The Unity of History,' 1872 ; 
 •Comparative Politics,' 1874; Dis- 
 establishment and Disendowment,' 
 1874 ; ' History of Europe,' 1876 ; 
 •Hi storical and Arch itectural Sketch es,' 
 1876 ; 'The Turks in Europe,' 1877 ; 
 
 •The Ottoman Power in Europe,' 1877 ; 
 ' How the Study of History is let and 
 hindered,' 1879 ; ' A Short History of 
 the Norman Conquest,' 1880; 'The 
 Historical Geography of Europe,* 
 1881 ; • Sketches from the Subject 
 and Neighbour Lands of Venice,' 
 1881 ; * An Introduction to American 
 International History,' 1882 ; ' The 
 Reign of William Ruf us,' 1882 ; 'Lec- 
 tures to American Audiences,* 1882 ; 
 •English Towns and Districts,' 1883 ; 
 Letterpress to ' Cathedral Cities : 
 Ely and Norwich,' 1883 ; • Some Im- 
 pressions of the United States,' 1883 ; 
 'The OflBce of the Historical Professor,' 
 1884 ; ' Greater Greece and Greater 
 Britain,' 1886; 'The Methods of 
 Historical Study,' 1886 ; 'The Chief 
 Periods of European History,' 1886 ; 
 'Exeter,' 1887; 'Four Oxford Lec- 
 tures,' 1888 ; ' William the Conqueror,' 
 1888 ; ' Sketches from French Travel,' 
 1891 ; 'The History of Sicily '(4 vols.), 
 1891-94; 'Sicily: Phoenician, Greek 
 and Roman,' 1892. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Studies of Travel' 
 (papers from 'Sat. Rev.,' 'Pall Mall 
 Gaz.,' and 'Guardian,' ed. by F. Free- 
 man), 1893. 
 
 He edited: •Historical Course for 
 Schools,' 1872, etc. ; ' Historic Towns ' 
 (with W. Hunt), 1887 [1886], etc. 
 
 Life : ' Life and Letters,' by W. R. 
 W. Stephens, 1895. 
 
 FROTJDE (James Anthony), 1818- 
 1894. Born, at Dartington, Devon, 
 23 April 1818. At Westminster 
 School, 1830-33. Matric. Oriel Coll., 
 Oxford, 10 Dec. 1835. B. A., 28 April 
 1842 ; Chancellor's Eng. Essay Prize, 
 1842 ; Fellow of Exeter Coll., 1842-49 ; 
 M.A., 2 March 1843. Ordained 
 Deacon, 1844. Contrib. to •West- 
 minster Rev.' Rector of St. Andrew's 
 Univ., and Hon. LL.D., 23 March 
 1869. For some time editor of 
 ' Eraser's Mag. ' Resigned Deaconship, 
 under Clerical Disabilities Act, 21 
 Sept. 1872. Lectured in U.S.A., 
 1872. On political mission to Cape 
 of Good Hope, Dec. 1874 to March 
 1875. Travelled in Australia, 1885 ; 
 and in West Indies. Regius Prof, of 
 
FULLER 
 
 105 
 
 Modern Hist. Oxford, 1892. Died 
 20 Oct. 1894. 
 
 Works : * Shadows of the Clouds ' 
 (under pseud : * Zeta '), 1847 ; * A 
 Sermon ... on the death of the Rev. 
 G. M. Coleridge,' 1847 ; 'The Nemesis 
 of Faith,' 1849 (2nd edn. same year) ; 
 'TheBookof Job' (from 'West. Rev.'), 
 1854 ; 'Suggestions on the best means 
 of teaching English History,' 1855 ; 
 'History of England* (12 vols.), 1856- 
 70 ; • Short Studies on Great Subjects' 
 (2 vols.), 1867; second ser., 1871; 
 third ser., 1877 ; fourth ser., 1883 ; 
 
 • Inaugiaral Address ' at St. Andrew's, 
 1869 ; • The Cat's Pilgrimage,' 1870 ; 
 
 ♦ Calvinism,' 1871 ; ' The English in 
 Ireland in the Eighteenth Century' 
 (3 vols.), 1872-74; 'Caesar,' 1879; 
 'Bunyan,' 1880; 'Two Lectures on 
 South Africa,' 1880; * Thomas Car- 
 lyle : history of the first forty years of 
 his life' (2 vols.), 1882; 'Luther,' 
 1883; 'Thomas Carlyle : history of 
 his life in London' (2 vols.), 1884; 
 ' Oceana,' 1886 ; ' The English in the 
 West Indies,* 1888 (2nd edn. same 
 year) ; ' Liberty and Property * [1888] ; 
 ' The Two Chiefs of Dunboy,* 1889 ; 
 'Lord Beaconsfield,' 1890; 'The 
 Divorce of Catharine of Arragon,' 
 1891 ; ' The Spanish Story of the Ar- 
 mada,' 1892 (2nd edn. same year) ; 
 ' Life and Letters of Erasmus,' 1894 
 (2nd edn. same year). 
 
 Posthumous : * English Seamen in 
 the Sixteenth Century,' 1895; 'Lec- 
 tures on the Council of Trent,' 1896 
 (2nd edn. same year). 
 
 He edited : ' The Pilgrim,' by W. 
 Thomas, 1861 ; Carlyle's ' Reminis- 
 cences,' 1881-82; J. W. Carlyle's 
 •Letters and Memorials,' 1883. 
 
 FULLER (Thomas), 1606-1661. 
 Born, at Aldwincle, Northampton- 
 shire, June 1606. Educated at village 
 school and by his father. To Queen's 
 Coll., Cambridge, 29 June 1621 ; B.A., 
 1625; M.A., 1628; B.D., 11 June 
 1635. Ordained, 1630 ; Perpetual 
 Curate to St. Beneb's, Cambridge, 
 1630-33. Prebend of Netherbury, 18 
 June 1631 to 1641. Rector of Broad- 
 windsor, Dorsetshire, 1634-41. Mar- 
 
 ried, 1637 [?]. Proctor for Diocese 
 of Bristol, 1640. Settled in London 
 after wife's death, 1641. Curate of 
 Savoy, 1641-43. Removed to Oxford, 
 1643. Chaplain to Sir Ralph Hopton, 
 1643-1644. Entered Princess Hen- 
 rietta's household at Exeter, 1644. 
 Bodley Lecturer at Exeter, 21 March 
 1646. To London, April 1646. Per- 
 petual Curate of Waltham Abbey, 
 1648 [or 1649 ?]. Married Hon. 
 Mary Roper, 1651. Rector of Cran- 
 ford, March 1658. Created D.D. by 
 Royal Letters Patent, Aug. 1660. 
 Died, in London, 16 Aug. 1661. 
 Buried at Cranford. 
 
 Works : [besides a number of 
 separate sermons] * David's Hainous 
 Sinne,' 1631 ; ' The History of the 
 Holy Warre,' 1639 ; 'Joseph's Party- 
 coloured Coat ' (under initials T. F.), 
 1640; 'The Holy State' and 'The 
 Profane State,' 1642 ; ' Truth Main- 
 tained,' 1643 ; • Good Thoughts in 
 Bad Times,' 1645 ; * Andronicus,' 
 1646 (2nd and 3rd edns. same year) ; 
 
 • The Cause and Cure of a Wounded 
 Conscience,' 1647; 'Good Thoughts 
 in Worse Times,' 1647 ; 'A Pisgah- 
 sight of Palestine,' 1650 ; contrib. to 
 
 ♦ Abel Redivivus,' 1651 ; 'A Com- 
 ment on Matt. iv. 1-11,' 1652 ; ' The 
 Infant's Advocate,' 1652 ; 'A Com- 
 ment on Ruth ' (anon. ), 1654 ; * Ephe- 
 meris Parliamentaria ' (anon.), 1654 ; 
 « A Triple Reconciler,' 1654 ; ' The 
 Church History of Britain,' 1655 ; 
 ' History of the University of Cam- 
 bridge,' 1655 ; ' History of Wal- 
 tham Abbey,' 1655 ; * A Collection 
 of Sermons' (5 pts.), 1656-57; 
 ' The Best Name on Earth,' 1657 ; 
 ' The Appeal of Injured Inno- 
 cence,' 1659 ; ' An Alarum to the 
 Counties of England and Wales ' 
 (anon.), 1660 (2nd and 3rd edns. same 
 year) ; ' Mixt Contemplations in 
 Better Times,' 1660 ; « A Panegyrick 
 to His Majesty,' 1660. 
 
 Posthumous : ' The History of the 
 Worthies of England' (ed. by J. 
 Fuller), 1662 ; * Collected Sermons ' 
 (ed. by J. E. Bailey and W. E. A. Axon), 
 1891. 
 
 He edited : Rev. H. Smith's • Ser- 
 
106 
 
 FULLERTON— GALT 
 
 mons,' 1657 ; J. Spencer's * Katva Kai 
 naXaia,' 1658. 
 
 Life: 'Life' (anon.), 1661 ; 'Life,' 
 by J. E. Bailey, 1874 ; by Rev. M. J. 
 Fuller, 1884. 
 
 FULLERTON {Lady Georgiana 
 Charlotte), 1812-1885. Born [Geor- 
 giana Charlotte Leveson - Gower], 
 at Tixall Hall, Staffordshire, 23 
 Sept. 1812. Early life spent in 
 Paris. Married there to Alexander 
 George FuUerton, 13 July 1833. 
 Lived in Paris till 1841 ; afterwards 
 in Cannes and in Rome. Joined 
 Roman Catholic Church, 29 March 
 1846. Enrolled in Third Order of 
 St. Francis, 1856. Lived at Slindon, 
 Sussex, 1857-75 ; afterwards at Bourne- 
 mouth. Died there, 19 Jan. 1885. 
 Buried in cemetery of Convent of 
 Sacred Heart, Roehampton. 
 
 Works: « Ellen Middleton,' 1844; 
 'Grantley Manor,' 1847 ; 'The Old 
 Highlander' (anon. ; privately printed), 
 1849 ; ♦ Lady-Bird,' 1852 ; * The Life 
 of St. Frances of Rome,' 1855 ; ' La 
 Comtesse de Bonneval ' (in French ; 
 froin ' Le Correspondant '), 1857 
 (English translation, 1858) ; * Rose 
 Leblanc' (in French), 1861 ; 'Laur- 
 entia,' 1861 ; * Too Strange not to be 
 True,' 1864 ; * Constance Sherwood,' 
 1865 ; * A Stormy Life,' 1867; 'The 
 Gmvent Prize Book' (anon.), 1868 ; 
 'The Helpers of the Holy Souls,' 
 1868 ; ' Mrs. Gerald's Niece,' 1869 ; 
 'The Gold Digger,' 1872; 'Dramas 
 from the Lives of the Saints : Ger- 
 maine Cousin,' 1872 ; ' Life of Louisa 
 de Carvajal,' 1873 ; ' Seven Stories,' 
 1873 ; 'Sketch of the Life of . . . 
 Father H. Young,' 1874 ; ' Life of 
 M^re Marie de la Providence,' 1875 ; 
 'The Miraculous Medal,' 1880; 'A 
 Will and Way,' 1881 ; ' The Fire of 
 London' [1882]; 'Life of Elizabeth, 
 Lady Falkland,' 1883. 
 
 She translated : Deynordt's * Life 
 ... of ... J. Berchmans,' 1866 ; 
 Verdenal's ' Miracle at Metz ' [1866] ; 
 Silvio Pellico's ' Life of the Marchesa 
 G. Falletti di Barolo,' 1866 ; ' Anne 
 S^verin,' 1869 ; Mrs. Craven's ' Na- 
 talie Narischkin,' 1877 ; D'Aulney's 
 
 ' The Notary's Daughter,' 1878 ; 
 Baunard's 'Life of Mfere Duchesne,* 
 1879, and ' Life of . . . Madeleine 
 Berat,' 1880 ; Mrs. Craven's 'Eliane,* 
 1882 ; Mme. de Navery's ' The Straw- 
 cutter's Daughter ' [1896]; and edited: 
 ' Our Lady's Little Books,' 1860-61, 
 Life : by Mrs. Craven, 1888. 
 
 FUENIVALL (Frederick James), b. 
 1825. Bom, at Egham, Surrey, 4 
 Feb. 1825. At schools at Englefield 
 Green, Turnham Green, and Hanwell. 
 At Univ. Coll., London, 1841-42. To 
 Trinity Hall, Camb., 1842 ; B.A., 
 1847 ; M.A., 1850. Student of Lin- 
 coln's Inn, 26 Jan. 1846 ; called to Bar, 
 30 Jan. 1849. Hon. Sec. Philological 
 Soc, 1852-96 ; for a time editor of its 
 'New Engl. Diet.' Founded Early 
 English Text Society, 1864; Chaucer 
 Society, 1868 ; Ballad Society, 1868 ; 
 New Shakspere Society, 1873 ; Brown- 
 ing Society, 1881 ; Wyclif Society, 
 1882 ; Shelley Society, 1885. Hon. 
 Ph.D., Berlin, 4 Feb. 1885. Resides 
 in London. 
 
 Works : Ed. works for Philological 
 Soc, 1854 ; for Roxburghe Club, 1861- 
 65 ; ed. 'Le Morte Arthur,' 1864 ; ed. 
 works for Early English Text Society, 
 1864-96 ; ed. Bishop Percy's MS., 
 1867 ; ed. works for Ballad Soc, 1868- 
 74 ; ed. works for Chaucer Soc, 1868- 
 96 ; ' The Succession of Shakspere's 
 Works,' 1874 ; ed. works for New 
 Shakspere Soc, 1876-84 ; ed. col- 
 lected works and separate quartos 
 of Shakspere, 1877-91 ; ' Mr. Swin- 
 burne's "Flat Burglary" on Shak- 
 spere,' 1879 ; ' To the Trinity, and 
 other Withdrawers from the New 
 Shak. Sec,' 1881 ; 'The "Co." of Pigs- 
 brook & Co,' [1881]; ' How the 
 Browning Society came into being,' 
 1884 ; ed. Manning's 'Story of Eng- 
 land,' 1887 ; ed. ' The Troublesome 
 Raigne of John, King of England,' 
 1888 ; ' Robert Browning's Ancestors ' 
 [1890] ; ' Early History of the Work- 
 ing Men's College,' 1891 ; 'On Shak- 
 spere's Signatures ' [1895]. 
 
 GALT (John), 1779-1839. Born, 
 at Irvine, Ayrshire, 2 May 1779. 
 
GARDINER 
 
 107 
 
 Family removed to Greenock, 1789. 
 Educated at local schools. Held 
 posts in Greenock Custom House, and 
 in merchant's office in Greenock till 
 1803. Contrib. to local newspapers. 
 To London, June 1804. In commercial 
 partnership, 1803-06. Entered at Lin- 
 coln's Inn, 1806 ; never called to Bar. 
 Travelled in Europe and Asia Minor, 
 1809-11. Married Miss Tilloch, 
 
 1811 [?]. Ed. ' Political Rev.,' 1812. 
 Wrote various plays and contributed to 
 periodicals. AtFinnart, near Greenock, 
 1818-20. First novel published, in 
 
 * Blackwood's Mag.,' 1820. Removed 
 from London to Esk Grove, near 
 Musselburgh, 1823. Secretary to 
 Canada Company, 1823 ; accompanied 
 Commission to Upper Canada. In 
 Canada again, 1826-29 ; sxiperin- 
 tendent of Canada Co., 1827-29. Ar- 
 rested for debt on return to England, 
 1829. Ed. 'The Courier,' 1830. 
 Settled in Old Brompton, 1831. Con- 
 trib. to ' Frazer's Mag.' To Greenock, 
 to live with his sister, 1834, Died, at 
 Greenock, 11 April 1839 ; buried there. 
 
 Works: 'The Battle of Largs' 
 (suppressed), 1803 ; 'Voyages and Tra- 
 vels in the years 1809, 1810 and 1811,' 
 
 1812 ; 'The Life and Administration 
 of Cardinal Wolsey,' 1812 ; ' The 
 Tragedies of Maddalon Agamemmon,' 
 etc.,' 1812; 'Letters from the Levant,' 
 1813; 'The New British Theatre' 
 (ed. by Gait, containing several plays 
 by him), 4 vols., 1814-15 ; ' The 
 Majolo,' 1816; 'Life and Studies of 
 Benjamin West ' (2 pts.), 1816-20 ; 
 
 • The Crusade,' 1816 ; ' The Appeal ' 
 (anon.), 1818; 'All the Voyages 
 round the World,' (under pseud. 
 'Samuel Prior'), 1820 ; *A Tour of 
 Asia * (under pseud. ' Rev. T. Clark '), 
 [1820 ?] ; ' The Wandering Jew ' 
 (under pseud. 'T. Clark'), 1820; 
 •The Earthquake' (anon.), 1820; 
 ' Pictures, historical and biographical,' 
 1821; 'The Annals of the Parish' 
 (anon.), 1821 ; ' The Ayrshire Le- 
 gatees ' (anon.), 1821 ; 'The Steam- 
 boat' (ur.der pseud. 'Thomas Duffle'), 
 1822; 'The Provost' (anon.), 1822; 
 •Sir Andrew Wylie ' (anon.), 1822; 
 *The Gathering of the West ' (anon.), 
 
 1823; 'The Entail' (anon.), 1823; 
 ' Ringham Gilhaize ' (anon.), 1823 ; 
 ' The Spaewife' (anon.), 1823 ; • Roth- 
 elan ' (anon.), 1824 ; ' The Bachelor's 
 Wife,' 1824 ; ' The Omen ' (anon.), 
 1825; 'The Last of the Lairds' 
 (under pseud. ' Malachi Mailings '), 
 1826 ; 'Lawrie Todd,' 1830 ; 'South- 
 ennan,' 1830 ; ' Life of Lord Byron,' 
 1830 (2nd edn. same year) ; • The 
 Lives of the Players,' 1831 ; 'Bogle 
 Corbet,' 1831 ; 'The Member' (under 
 pseud., ' A. Jobbry '), 1832 ; * The 
 Radical ' (anon.), 1832 ; ' Stanley 
 Buxton ' (anon.), 1832 ; * Poems,' 
 1833 ; ' Stories of the Study,' 1833 ; 
 'Eben Erskine,' 1833 ; 'The Ourano- 
 logos,' pt. i. (no more published), 1833 ; 
 'Autobiography,' 1833 ; 'Literary Life 
 and Miscellanies,' 1834. 
 
 Posthumous : ' The Demon of Des- 
 tiny,' ed. by H. Pigott (privately 
 printed), 1839 ; ' The Painter,' 1841. 
 
 He edited: A. Graydon's 'Memoirs,' 
 1822 ; G. Thorburn's ' Forty Years' 
 Residence in America,' 1834 ; Lady 
 Charlotte Bury's 'Diary,' vols, iii., iv., 
 1839 ; Pigott's ' Records of Real Life,' 
 1839. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by D. S. 
 Meldrum, 1895, etc. 
 
 Life : by D. M. Moir in 1841 edn. 
 of • Annals of the Parish.' 
 
 6ABDINEB (Samuel Bawson), b. 
 1829. Born, at Ropley, Hants, 4 
 March 1829. At Winchester Coll., 
 Sept. 1841 to Dec. 1847. Matric. 
 Christ Ch., Oxford, 20 Oct. 1847 ; 
 Student, 1850-51 ; B.A., 1851 ; Hon. 
 Student, 1878. Married (i.) Isabella 
 Irving, 8 Jan. 1856. Prof, of Mod. 
 Hist., King's Coll., London, 1876-85. 
 Hon. LL.D., Edinburgh, 1881. Civil 
 List Pension, Aug. 1882. Married 
 (ii.) Bertha Meriton Cordery, 15 July 
 1882. Fellow of All Souls' Coll., Ox- 
 ford, 1884-91 ; M.A., 1884. Editor 
 of 'English Historical Rev.,' since 
 1886. Fellow of Merton Coll., Oxford, 
 July 1892. 
 
 Works: 'History of England, 1603- 
 1616 ' (2 vols.), 1863 ; ' Prince Charles 
 and the Spanish Marriage ' (2 vols.), 
 1869 ; ' The Thirty Years' War," 
 
108 
 
 GARNETT— GARRICK 
 
 1874 ; ' History of England . . . 1624- 
 1628 ' (2 vols.), 1875 ; 'The First Two 
 Stuarts and the Puritan Revolution,' 
 1876 ; ' The Personal Government of 
 Charles I.' (2 vols.), 1877 ; * Outline 
 of English History,' 1881; * Intro- 
 duction to the Study of English His- 
 tory ' (with J. B. MuUinger), 1881 ; 
 * The Fall of the Monarchy of Charles 
 I.,' vols, i., ii., 1882 ; * Illustrated 
 English History,' 1883 ; ' History of 
 England ... 1603-1642 ' (collected from 
 among preceding, 10 vols.), 1883-84 ; 
 ' Historical Biographies,' 1884 ; • The 
 History of the Great Civil War ' (3 
 vols.), 1886-91 ; * A Student's History 
 of England from the earliest times to 
 1885 ' (3 vols.), 1890-91 ; * History of 
 the Commonwealth and Protectorate,' 
 vol. !., 1894 ; * Cromwell's Place in 
 History,' 1897. 
 
 He has edited : ' Parliamentary 
 Debates in 1610,' 1862 ; ' Letters and 
 other Documents illustrating the re- 
 lations between England and Germany 
 at the commencement of the Thirty 
 Years' War ' (2 vols.), 1865-68 ; ' Nar- 
 rative of the Spanish Marriage Treaty' 
 (translated by himself), 1869 ; • Notes 
 of the Debates in the House of Lords 
 . . . 1621, 1624, 1626,' 1870-79 ; 'The 
 Fortescue Papers,' 1871 ; ' Debates in 
 the House of Commons in 1625,' 1873 ; 
 ♦ Documents relating to the Proceed- 
 ings against W. Prynne,' 1877 ; 'The 
 Hamilton Papers,' 1880 (' Addenda,' 
 1893) ; Browning's ' Strafford,' 1884 ; 
 'Reports of Cases in the Courts of 
 Star Chamber and High Commission,' 
 1886 ; ;• The Constitutional Document* 
 of the Puritan Revolution,' 1889. 
 
 GARNETT (Richard), b. 1835. 
 
 Born, at Lichfield, 27 Feb. 1835. 
 Educated in London, 1844-50. Assis- 
 tant in Library, British Museum, 1851 ; 
 Assistant Keeper of Printed Books, 
 1875 ; Superintendent of Reading- 
 Room, 1875-84; Keeper of Printed 
 Books, 1890. Married Olivia Narney 
 Singleton, 13 June 1863. Hon. LL.D., 
 Edinburgh, April 1883. Contributor 
 to ' Encycl. Brit.,' and ' Diet, of Nat. 
 Biog.' President of Library Associa- 
 tion, 1892-93. President of Biblio- 
 
 graphical Soc, since 1895. C. B., 1895. 
 Corresp. Memb. of Historical Soc. of 
 Massachusetts, 1896. 
 
 Works: 'Primula' (anon.), 1858; 
 'lo in Egypt,' 1859; 'Poems from 
 the German,' 1862 ; ' Idylls and Epi- 
 grams,' 1869 (the ' Epigrams ' repub- 
 lished as : • A Chaplet from the Greek 
 Anthology,' 1892) ; ' On the System 
 of classifying books ... at the British 
 Museum,' 1878 ; ' On the Printing of 
 the British Museum Catalogue' 
 [1882] ; 'The Late J. Winter Jones,' 
 1884 ; ♦ Photography in Public 
 Libraries,' 1886; 'Changes at the 
 British Museum since 1877,' 1887 ; 
 ' Shelley and Lord Beaconsfield ' (priv. 
 ptd.), 1887 ; ' Life of Thomas Carlyle,' 
 1887 ; ' Life of Emerson,' 1 888 ; ' The 
 Twilight of the Gods,' 1888 ; 'Life of 
 John Milton,' 1890 [1889] ; ' Iphigenia 
 in Delphi,' 1890 ; ' Poems,' 1893 ; ' The 
 Age of Dryden,' 1895 ; ' William 
 Blake,' 1895; 'Richmond,' 1896; 
 'Dante, Petrarch, Camoens : cxxiv 
 Sonnets translated by R. Garnett,' 
 1896. 
 
 He has edited : R. Garnett (the 
 elder)'8 'Philological Essays,' 1859; 
 'Relics of Shelley,' 1862; Coleridge's 
 • Notes on Stillingfleet,' 1875 ; ' Flori- 
 legium Amantis' (selection from Coven- 
 try Patmore's poems), 1879 ; Selected 
 Poems of Shelley, 1880 ; 'Select Letters 
 of Shellev,' 1882 ; T. Garnett's 'Essays 
 in Natural History,' 1883 ; DeQuincey's 
 'Confessions of an English Opium- 
 Eater,' 1885 ; Perfes' * Historic and 
 other doubts,' 1885 ; Warter's ' An Old 
 Shropshire Oak,' 1886-91; Lowell's 
 ' My Study Windows,' 1887 ; Peacock's 
 Works, 1891 ; Mary Shelley's ' Tales 
 and Stories,' 1891 ; De Guaras' 'Ac- 
 cession of Queen Mary,' 1892 ; Beck- 
 ford's 'Vathek,' 1893; Drayton's 
 * Battaile of Agincourt,' 1893 ; 
 Milton's Prose selected, 1894 ; Miss 
 Zimmern's trans, of Porphyry ' To his 
 wife Marcella,' 1896. 
 
 GARRICK (David), 1717-1779. 
 Born, in Hereford. 19 Feb. 1717. 
 Educated at Lichfield Grammar 
 School, 1727. At Lisbon for short 
 time to learn wine trade, 1727. Puril 
 
GARTH— GASCOIGNE 
 
 109 
 
 of Samuel Johneon, at Edial, 1736. 
 To London with Johnson, March 
 1737. Entered at Lincoln's Inn, 9 
 March 1737. Set up wine business 
 with his brother, 1738. Play ' Lethe ' 
 produced at Drury Lane, April 1740. 
 Became an actor, 1741. Wrote plays, 
 1741-75. Played at Goodman's Fields 
 Theatre, 1741-42 ; ia Dublin, 1742 ; 
 at Drury Lane, 1742-45 ; in Dublin 
 in 1745 and 1746 ; at Covent Garden, 
 1745-47. Joint manager of Drury 
 Lane with Lacy, 1747. Played at 
 Drury Lane, 1747-63, 1765-76. Mar- 
 ried Eva Marie Violetti, 22 June 
 1749. Visited Paris, 1752. Tour in 
 France and Italy, 1763-65. Retired 
 from stage, 1776. Died, in London, 
 20 Jan. 1779. Buried in Westminster 
 Abbey. 
 
 Works: 'The Lying Valet,' 1741 ; 
 'Lethe,' 1741; 'Lilliput' (anon.), 
 1747; 'Miss in her Teens ' (anon.), 
 1747 ; • To Mr. Gray on his Odes ' 
 (anon.), [1757?]; 'The Guardian' 
 (anon.), 1759 ; 'The Enchanter' (anon.), 
 1760 ; ♦ The Fribbleraid ' (anon.), 
 1761 ; * The Farmer's Return from 
 London' (anon.), 1762; 'The Sick 
 Monkey' (anon.), 1765; 'The 
 Clandestine Marriage ' (with G. Col- 
 man), 1766 ; ' Neck or Nothing ' 
 (anon.), 1766; 'Cymon' (anon.), 
 1767 ; • A Peep behind the Curtain ' 
 (anon.), 1767 ; ' Ode upon dedi- 
 cating a Building ... to Shake- 
 speare ' (anon.), 1769 ; * The Theatres 
 (anon.), 1772; 'Love in the Suds' 
 (anon.), 1772; 'The Irish Widow' 
 (anon.), 1772 ; ' Albumazar ' (anon.), 
 1773; *A Christmas Tale' (anon.), 
 1774; 'The Theatrical Candidates' 
 (anon.), 1775; 'May Day' (anon.), 
 1775; 'Bon Ton' (anon.), 1775; 
 'The Fairies,' 1775. 
 
 He adapted plays by Shakespeare, 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, Wycherley, 
 Jonson, Fagan, Southern, etc. 
 
 Collected Works: ' Poetical Works * 
 (2 vols.), 1785 ; * Dramatic Works ' 
 (3 vols.), 1798 ; 'Private Correspond- 
 ence' (2 vols.), 1831-32. 
 
 Life : by T. Davies, 1780 ; by 
 Murphy, 1801 ; by P. Fitzgerald, 
 1868 ; by Jos. Knight, 1894. 
 
 GABTH (Sir Samuel), 1661-1719. 
 Born, in Yorkshire, 1661. At School 
 at Ingleton. To Peterhouse, Camb., 
 1676 ; B.A., 1679 ; M.A., 1684. To 
 Leyden to study medicine, 1687. 
 M.D., Camb., 7 July 1691. Fellow 
 of Coll. of Physicians, 26 June 1693 ; 
 Gulstonian Lecturer, 1694 ; Harvey 
 Orator, 1697. Censor, Oct. 1702. 
 Mem. of Kit-Cat Club, 1 703. Married 
 Martha Beaufoy. Knighted, 1714. 
 Physician in Ordinary to King, and 
 Physician General to army. Died, in 
 London, 18 Jan. 1719. Buried at 
 Harrow. 
 
 Works : ' Oratio Laudatoria ' (Har- 
 veian Oration), 1697; 'The Dis- 
 pensary : a poem ' (anon. ), 1699 (2nd 
 and 3rd edns. same year) ; ' A Pro- 
 logue for the 4th of November,' 1711 ; 
 ' A Complete Key to the seventh 
 edition of "The Dispensary," ' 1714 ; 
 
 * Claremont * (anon.), 1715. 
 
 He translated : Demosthenes' 
 
 ♦ First Philippick,' 1702 ; Ovid's 'Meta- 
 morphoses,' 1717. 
 
 Collected Works : ' Works,' 1769 ; 
 ' Poetical Works,' 1771 ; ed. by Dr. 
 Johnson, 1822. 
 
 Life : in 1769 edn. of Works ; by 
 Dr. Johnson, in 1822 edn. of Poems. 
 
 GASCOIGNE (George), 1530[?].1577. 
 
 Born, at Cardington, Beds., 1530 [?]. 
 Educated, probably in Westmoreland, 
 and at Trinity Coll., Camb. Took no 
 degree. Entered at Middle Temple, 
 1547 [?]. Student of Gray's Inn, 1555. 
 M.P. for Bedford, 1557-59. Married 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Breton, 1566 [?]. Lived 
 at Walthamstow from about 1666 till 
 death. M.P. for Midhurst, 1572. 
 Unseated on petition. To Holland, 
 March 1572. Served for short time 
 under Prince of Orange. Returned 
 to England, 1575. Devoted himself 
 to literature. Died, at Stamford, 
 Lincolnshire, 7 Oct. 1577. 
 
 Works : ' A Hundred Sundrie 
 Flowres,' unauthorized publication, 
 1572 ; authorized version, called ' The 
 Posies of George Gascoigne,' 1575 ; 
 'The Glasse of Government,' 1575; 
 •The Princelye Pleasures atthe Courte 
 of Kenelworthe,' 1576; 'The Steele 
 
110 
 
 GASKELL-GAY 
 
 Glas,' 1576 ; * The Droomme of 
 Doomesday,'1576 ; • A Delicate Diet,' 
 1576; 'The Spoyle of Antwerp' (anon. ; 
 attrib. to Gascoigne), [1577 ?]. 
 
 He edited: Sir H. Gilbert's 'Dis- 
 course of a new Passage, etc.,' 1576 ; 
 and contrib. commendatory verses to : 
 Holiband's ' French Littleton,' 1566 ; 
 'The Noble Art of Venerie/ 1575 ; 
 ' Cardanus Comfort,' 1576. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by A. Jeffes, 
 1587 ; ed. by W. 0. Hazlitt (2 vols.), 
 1868-70. 
 
 Life : by F. E. Schelling, 1894. 
 
 GASEELL {Mrs. Elizabath Cleg- 
 horn), 1810-1866. Born [Elizabeth 
 Cleghorn Stevenson], in Chelsea, 29 
 Sept. 1810. Mother died Oct. 1810. 
 Lived with her aunt in youth. At 
 school at Stratford on- A von, 1825-27. 
 Married to Rev. William Gaskell, 30 
 Aug. 1832. Lived in Manchester. 
 Intimacy with William and Mary 
 Howitt, and Dickens. Contrib. to 
 
 * Household Words ' from first no., 
 March 1850. Friendship with Char- 
 lotte Bronte begun, 1850. Active 
 literary life. Died suddenly, at Holy- 
 bourne, Hampshire, 12 Nov. 1865. 
 Buried at Knutsford. 
 
 WorJcs : * Clopton Hall,' in Howitt's 
 
 * Visits to Remarkable Places,' 1840 ; 
 
 * Mary Barton ' (anon.), 1848 j ' The 
 Moorland Cottage' (anon.), 1850; 
 'Ruth' (anon.), 1853; ' Cranford ' 
 (anon.), 1853; 'North and South' 
 (anon.), 1855 ; 'Lizzie Leigh' (anon.), 
 1855; 'Life of Charlotte Bronte,' 
 1857 (2nd and 3rd edns. same year) ; 
 ♦Round the Sofa,' 1859; 'My Lady 
 Ludlow,' 1859 ; ' Right at Last ' 
 (anon.), 1860; 'Lois the Witch,' 
 1861 ; 'A Dark Night's Work,' 1863 ; 
 'Sylvia's Lovers,' 1863 (2nd and 3rd 
 edns. same year) ; 'The Grey Woman,' 
 1865; 'Hand and Heart,' 1865; 
 « Cousin Phyllis,' 1865. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Wives and Daugh- 
 ters,' 1866. 
 
 She edited: 'Mabel Vaughan,' 
 1857; C. A. Vecchi's 'Garibaldi at 
 Caprera,' 1862. 
 
 Collected Works : in 7 vols., 1873. 
 
 GATTY {Mrs. Margaret), 1809- 
 1873. Born [Margaret Scott], at 
 Burnham Rectory, Essex, 3 June 1809. 
 Early taste for literature and art. 
 Married to Rev. Alfred Gatty, 8 July 
 1839. Lived at Ecclesfield, York- 
 shire. Ed. 'Aunt Judy's Mag.,* 
 1866-73. Died, at Ecclesfield, 4 Oct. 
 1873 ; buried there. 
 
 Works : ' Recollections of the Rev. 
 A. J. Scott ' (with her husband), 1842 ; 
 ' The Family Godmothers,' 1851 ; 
 'Parables from Nature* (5 series), 
 1855-71; 'Worlds not Realized,' 
 1856; 'Proverbs Illustrated,' 1857; 
 'The Poor Incumbent,' 1858 ; 'Le- 
 gendary Tales,' 1858 ; * Aunt Judy's 
 Tales,' 1859 [1858]; 'The Human 
 Face Divine,' 1860 ; ' The Old Folks 
 from Home,' 1862; 'Aunt Judy's 
 Letters,' 1862; 'British Seaweeds,' 
 1863 ; 'Aunt Sally's Life ' (reprinted 
 from 'Aunt Judy's Letters'), 1865 ; 
 •Domestic Pictures,' 1866; 'The 
 Children's Mission Army ' ( from 
 'Mission Life'), 1869; 'Mission 
 Shillings,' 1869 ; ' Waifs and Strays 
 of Natural History,' 1871 ; ' Select 
 Parables from Nature,' 1872 ; ' A 
 Book of Emblems,' 1872; 'The 
 Mother's Book of Poetry,' 1872 ; ' The 
 Book of Sun Dials,' 1872. 
 
 She translated : Mack's 'History of a 
 Bit of Bread,' 1864 ; and edited : Mrs. 
 J. H. Gatty's ' Melchior's Dream,' 1862. 
 
 Life: in 1885 edn. of 'Parables 
 from Nature.' 
 
 GAY (John), 1685-1732. Born, at 
 
 Barnstaple, 1685 ; baptized 16 Sept. 
 1685. Educated at Barnstaple Gram- 
 mar School. For short time appren- 
 tice in a London shop ; returned to 
 Barnstaple ; thence again to London, 
 probably as secretary to Aaron Ilill. 
 Sec. to Duchess of Monmouth, 1712- 
 14. Contrib. to ' Guardian,' 1713. 
 ' The Wife of Bath ' produced at Drury 
 Lane, 12 May 1713, In Hanover as 
 sec. to Lord Clarendon, 8 June to 
 Sept., 1714. ' What-d'ye-Call-it ' pro- 
 duced at Drury Lane, 23 Feb. 1715. 
 'Three Hours after Marriage ' (written 
 with Pope and Arbuthnot), Drury 
 Lane, 16 Jan. 1717. To Aix with 
 
GENEST— GIBBON 
 
 111 
 
 William Pulteney (afterwards Earl of 
 Bath), 1717. At Cockthorpe with Lord 
 Harcourt, 1718. Severe losses in South 
 Sea Bubble. Under patronage of 
 Duchess of Queensberry from 1720. 
 
 • The Captives ' produced at Drury 
 Lane, 15 Jan. 1724; *The Beggar's 
 Opera,' Lincoln's Inn Fields, 29 Jan. 
 1728 ; sequel, • PoUy,' forbidden by 
 Lord Chamberlain, 1729 ; ' Acis and 
 Galatea,' Haymarket, May 1732 ; 
 
 • Achilles ' (posthumous), Covent 
 Garden, 10 Feb. 1733. Died, in 
 London, 4 Dec. 1732. Buried in 
 Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works: 'Wine,' 1708; *The Pre- 
 sent State of Wit' (anon.), 1711; 
 
 • The Mohocks ' (anon.), 1713 ; 'Rural 
 Sports,' 1713 ; * The Wife of Bath,' 
 1713 ; 'The Fan,' 1714 ; 'The Shep- 
 herd's Week,' 1714 ; 'A Letter to a 
 Lady' (anon.), 1714; 'What-d'ye- 
 Call-it,' 1715 ; *A Journey to Exeter,' 
 1716; 'Court Poems,' 1716; 'God's 
 Revenge against Punning ' (under 
 pseud, of 'Sir James Baker'), 1716 ; 
 •Trivia,' 1716 ; 'An Admonition . . . 
 to the famous Mr. Frapp' (under 
 pseud, of Sir James Baker), 1717 ; 
 'Letter to W— L— , Esq.,' 1717; 
 ' Epistle to Pulteney,' 1717 ; ' Three 
 Hours after Marriage ' (with Pope 
 and Arbuthnot), 1717 ; 'Two Epistles,' 
 [1720?]; 'Poems' (2 vols.), 1720; 
 'A Panegyrical Epistle' (anon.; attrib. 
 to Gay), 1721 ; ' An Epistle to . . . 
 Henrietta, Duchess of Marlborough,' 
 1722 ; ' The Captives,' 1724 (2nd edn. 
 same year) ; 'Fables,' first series, 1727 ; 
 second ser., 1738 ; 'The Beggar's 
 Opera,' 1728 (2nd and 3rd edns. same 
 year); 'Polly,' 1729 (another edn. 
 same year) ; * Acis and Galatea ' 
 (anon.), 1732. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Achilles,' 1733; 
 'The Distress'd Wife,' 1743; 'The 
 Rehearsal at Goatham,' 1754 ; ' Gay's 
 Chair : poems never before printed,' 
 1820. 
 
 Collected Works : ' Plays,' 1760 ; 
 'Works' (4 vols.), 1770; ed. by Dr. 
 Johnson (2 vols.), 1779 ; ed. by J. 
 Dnderhill (2 vols.), 1893. 
 
 Life : by Coxe, 1797 ; by W. H. 
 K. Wright, in 1889 edn. of • Fables'; 
 
 by J. Underhill in 1893 edn. of 
 Poems. 
 
 GENEST (John), 1764-1839. Born, 
 at Dunker's Hill, Devonshire, 1764. 
 To Westminster School, 15 June 1774. 
 To Trin. Coll., Camb., as Pensioner, 
 9 May 1780; B.A., 1784; M.A., 
 1787. Ordained, 1785[?]. Private 
 Chaplain to Duke of Ancaster. At 
 Bath for health, 1830-39. Died there, 
 15 Dec. 1639 j buried in St. James's 
 Church, Bath. 
 
 Works : ' Some Account of the 
 English Stage' (anon.; 10 vols.), 
 1832. 
 
 GIBBON (Edward), 1737-1794. 
 Born, at Putney, 27 April 1737. 
 To school in Putney ; afterwards at 
 school at Kingston-on-Thames, Jan. 
 1746 to 1748 [?]. At Westminster 
 School, Jan. 1748 to 1750. To Bath 
 for health, 1750. To school at 
 Esher, Jan. 1752. At Magdalen 
 Coll., Oxford, 3 April 1752 to June 
 1763. To Lausanne, as pupil of M. 
 Pavillard, June 1753. Returned to 
 England, Aug. 1758. Held commis- 
 sion in Hampshire militia, 12 June 
 1759 to 1770. In Paris, 28 Jan. to 9 
 May, 1763 ; at Lausanne, May 1763 
 to April 1764 ; in Italy, April 1764 to 
 May 1765. Returned to England ; 
 lived with father at Buriton. After 
 father's death settled in London, 1772. 
 Prof, of Ancient History at Royal 
 Academy, 1774. M.P. for Liskeard, 
 11 Oct. 1774 to Sept. 1780. Lord 
 Commissioner of Trade and Planta- 
 tions, 1779. M.P. for Lyraington, 
 June 1781 to March 1784. Settled 
 at Lausanne, Sept. 1783. Visit to 
 England, 1788 and 1793. Died, in 
 London, 16 Jan. 1794. Buried at 
 Fletching, Sussex. 
 
 Works : ' Essai sur I'etude de la 
 Litterature ' (in French), 1761 (Eng. 
 trans., 1764); 'M^moires Litt^raires 
 de la Grande-Bretagne ' (with Dey ver- 
 dun), 2 vols., 1767-68; 'Critical Ob- 
 servations on the Sixth Book of the 
 ^neid' (anon.), 1770; 'History of 
 the Decline and Fall of the Roman 
 Empire' (6 vols.), 1776-88 (2nd and 
 3rd edns. in same period). 
 
112 
 
 GIFFORD-GILBERT 
 
 Posthumous : * An Historical View 
 of Christianity * (with Bolingbroke, 
 Voltaire, and others), 1806; 'Anti- 
 quities of the House of Brunswick,' 
 ed. by Lord Sheffield, 1814; 'Me- 
 moirs,' ed. by Lord Sheffield, 1827 ; 
 • Life ' (autobiog.), ed. by H. H. Mil- 
 man, 1839 ; • The Autobiographies of 
 Edward Gibbon,' ed. by J. Murray, 
 1896 ; ♦ Private Letters,' ed. by R. E. 
 Prothero, 1896. 
 
 Collected Works : ' Miscellaneous 
 Works,' in 2 vols., 1796; in 5 vols., 
 1814. 
 
 Life : by J. 0. Morrison (' English 
 Men of Letters ' series), 1878. 
 
 6IFF0BD (William), 1756-1826. 
 Born, at Ashburton, April 1756. 
 Educated at Ashburton Free School. 
 Afterwards at work on a farm. At 
 sea, 1767-70, To school again at Ash- 
 burton, 1770. Apprenticed to shoe- 
 maker, 1 Jan. 1772. To school again, 
 1776. Matric. at Exeter Coll., Ox- 
 ford, as Bible Clerk, 16 Feb. 1779 ; 
 B.A., 10 Oct. 1782. TravelUng tutor 
 to son of Lord Grosvenor, 1781. Un- 
 successfully prosecuted for libel in 
 ♦The Baviad,' 1797. Edited 'Anti- 
 Jacobin,' Nov. 1797 to July 1798. 
 Editor of 'Quarterly Review,' Feb. 
 1809 to Sept. 1824. Held posts of 
 Commissioner of Lottery and Pay- 
 master of Gentlemen - Pensioners. 
 Died, in London, 31 Dec. 1826 ; buried 
 in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works: 'Easton Chronicle' (anon.\ 
 1789; 'The Baviad' (anon.), 1791 ; 
 'TheMseviad ' (anon.), 1795 (two pre- 
 ceding pubd. together, 1797); 'Epistle 
 to Peter Pindar ' (anon.), 1800 ; 'An 
 Examination of the strictures ... on 
 the translation of Juvenal,' 1803. 
 
 He translated : ' Juvenal ' (with 
 autobiography), 1802 ; 'Persius,'1821 ; 
 and edited : Massinger's ' Works,' 
 1805; Ben Jonson's 'Works,' 1816; 
 Ford's ' Dramatic Works,' 1827 ; 
 Shirley's ' Dramatic Works,' 1833. 
 
 GILBERT (William Schwenck), b. 
 1836. Born, in London, 18 Nov. 
 1836. At Great Ealing ScTiool, 
 Michaelmas 1850 to Michaelmas 1852. 
 To London University, 1852 ; B.A., 
 
 1857. Intended to enter Royal Ar- 
 tillery, but postponement of exam, 
 rendered him ineligible on score of 
 age. Student of Inner Temple, 11 
 Oct. 1855; called to Bar, 17 Nov. 
 1863. Clerk in Privy Council Office, 
 1857-62. Joined Northern Circuit 
 and practised for four years ; after 
 which devoted himself to literary 
 work. Married Lucy Agnes Turner, 
 
 6 Aug. 1867. ' Dulcamara ' produced 
 at St. James's Theatre, Jan. 1866 ; 
 
 ♦ Happy Arcadia ' at Gallery of Illus- 
 tration ; • The Palace of Truth,' Hay- 
 market, 20 Nov. 1870 ; ' Sensation 
 Novel,' Gallery of Illustration, Dec. 
 1871; 'Pygmalion and Galatea,' 
 Haymarket, 9 Dec. 1871 ; ' Thespis,' 
 Gaiety, 20 Dec. 1871 ; ' The Wicked 
 World,' Haymarket, 4 Jan. 1873 ; 
 'Charity,' Haymarket, 3 Jan. 1874; 
 'Sweethearts,' Prince of Wales's, 7 
 Nov. 1874; 'Trial By Jury,' Royalty, 
 
 26 March 1875 ; ' Broken Hearts,' 
 Court, 9 Dec. 1875; 'Tom Cobb,' 
 St. James's, 1876; 'Dan'l Druce,' 
 Haymarket, Sept. 1876; 'Engaged,' 
 Haymarket, 3 Oct. 1877 ; ' The Sor- 
 cerer,' Opera Comique, 17 Nov. 1877 ; 
 'The Ne'er-do- Weel,' Olympic, 1878 ; 
 ' Gretchen,' Olympic, March 1879 ; 
 
 * Foggerty's Fairy,' Criterion, 15 
 Dec. 1881 ; ' H.M.S. Pinafore,' 
 Opera Comique, 28 May 1878 ; ' The 
 Pirates of Penzance,' Opera Comique, 
 3 April 1880 ; ' Patience,' Savoy, 23 
 April 1881 ; 'lolanthe,' Savoy, 25 Nov. 
 1882 ; • Princess Ida,' Savoy, 5 Jan. 
 1884 ; ' Comedy and Tragedy,' Ly- 
 ceum, 26 Jan. 1884 ; 'The Mikado,' 
 Savoy, 14 March 1885 ; * Ruddigore,' 
 Savoy, 22 Jan. 1887 ; ' The Yeomen 
 of the Guard,' Savoy, 3 Oct. 1888 ; 
 ' Brantinghame Hall,' St. James's, 29 
 Nov. 1888 ; ' The Gondoliers,' Savoy, 
 
 7 Dec. 1889; 'The Mountebanks,' 
 Lyric, 4 Jan. 1892 ; 'Utopia,' Savoy, 
 7 Oct. 1893 ; ' His Excellency,' Lyric, 
 
 27 Oct. 1894; 'The Grand Duke,' 
 Savoy, 7 March 1896. Appointed 
 J.P. for Middlesex, June 1891. 
 
 Works : ' La Vivandifere,' 1868 ; 
 •Robert the Devil,' 1868; '"Bab" 
 Ballads,' 1869 [1868] ; 'More " Bab" 
 Ballads,' [1873] ; ' The Wicked World 
 
GLADSTONE— GODWIN 
 
 US 
 
 (privately printed), 1873; 'Trial By 
 Jury,' 1876 ; * Original Plays ' (2 
 series), 1876 - 81 (reissue, with 3rd 
 series, 1886-95) ; * The Sorcerer,' 
 1877 ; • H.M.S. Pinafore,' 1878 ; 
 'Gretchen,' 1879; 'The Pirates of 
 Penzance,' 1880 ; • Patience,' 1881 ; 
 ' lolanthe,' 1882 ; * Princess Ida,' 
 
 1884 ; * Original Comic Operas' (coll.), 
 
 1885 ; 'The Mikado,' 1885 ; 'Ruddi- 
 gore,' 1887 ; * The Yeomen of the 
 Guard,' 1888 ; 'The Gondoliers,' 1889 ; 
 Toggerty's Fairy, and other tales,' 
 1890 [1889] ; ' Original Comic Operas ' 
 (collected), 1890; 'The Mountebanks,' 
 1892; 'Utopia,' 1893; 'His Excel- 
 lency' [1894]; 'The Grand Duke,' 
 1896. 
 
 [Editions of his plays not mentioned 
 above have, for the most part, ap- 
 peared in ' Lacy's Acting Edition of 
 PJays.'l 
 
 GL/^DSTONE (William Ewart), b. 
 1809. Born, in Liverpool, 29 Dec. 
 1809. At Eton, 1821-27. Matric. 
 Ch. Ch., Oxford, 23 Jan. 1828. 
 Student, 1829-39 ; B.A., 1832 ; M.A., 
 1834 ; Hon. Student, 1867 ; Hon. 
 D.C.L., 5 Julv 1848 ; Hon. Fellow 
 All Souls' Coll., 1858. M.P. for 
 Newark, 1832-45. Student at Lin- 
 coln's Inn, 25 Jan. 1833. Junior 
 Lord of Treasury, Dec. 1834 ; Under 
 Sec. for Colonies, Jan. to April, 1835. 
 Married Catherine Glynne, 25 July 
 1839. Privy Councillor, 1841. Vice- 
 President of Board of Trade, Sept. 
 1841 to May 1843 ; President, May 
 1843 to Feb. 1845. Master of Mint, 
 Sept. 1841 to Feb. 1845. Sec. of 
 State for Colonies, Dec. 1845 to July 
 1846. M.P. for Oxford Univ., 1847 ; 
 re-elected, 1852 - 65. Chancellor of 
 Exchequer, Dec. 1852 to Feb. 1855. 
 Lord High Commissioner to Ionian 
 Islands, winter 1858-59. Chancellor 
 of Exchequer, June 1859 to July 
 1866. Lord Rector Edinburgh Univ., 
 1859-65. M.P. for South Lanca- 
 shire, 1865-68 ; for Greenwich, 1868- 
 74 ; re-elected 1874-80. Premier and 
 First Lord of Treasury, Dec. 1868 
 to Feb. 1874; Chancellor of Ex- 
 chequer, Aug. 1873 to Feb. 1874. 
 
 Resigned Leadership of Liberal Party, 
 Jan. 1875. Visit to Ireland, Oct. to 
 Nov., 1877; received Freedom of City 
 of Dublin. Lord Rector of Glasgofw 
 Univ., Nov. 1877. M.P. for Midlo- 
 thian, 1880. Premier and Chancellor 
 of Exchequer, April 1880 to Dec. 
 1882 ; Premier and First Lord of 
 Treasury, Dec. 1882 to June 1885. 
 Premier and Lord Privy Seal, Feb. to 
 July, 1886. Premier, First Lord of 
 Treasury and Lord Privy Seal, Aug. 
 1892 to March 1894. Romanes 
 Lecturer, Oxford, Oct. 1892. Free- 
 dom of City of Liverpool, 3 Dec. 
 1892. Retired from public life, March 
 1894. 
 
 Works [exclusive of political 
 speeches, addresses, and pamphlets] : 
 ' The State in its relations with the 
 Church,' 1838 ; ' Church Principles 
 considered in their results,' 1840 ; 
 ' Manual of Prayers from the Liturgy,* 
 1845 ; * On the place of Homer in 
 Classical Education,' 1857 ; ' Studies 
 on Homer and the Homeric Age ' (3 
 vols.), 1858 ; ' " Ecce Homo," ' 1868 ; 
 * A Chapter of Autobiography,' 1868 ; 
 ' Juventus Mundi,' 1869 ; ' The Vati- 
 can Decrees,' 1874 ; ' Vaticanism,' 
 1875 ; ' Rome and the Newest Fashions 
 in Religion ' (a reprint of the two pre- 
 ceding, with * Speeches of the Pope '), 
 
 1875 ; 'The Church of England and 
 Ritualism ' (from * Contemporary 
 Rev.'), 1876 ; ' Homeric Synchronism,' 
 
 1876 ; 'Homer,' 1878 ; 'Gleanings of 
 Past Years' (7 vols.), 1879; 'Land- 
 marks of Homeric Study,' 1890 ; 'The 
 Impregnable Rock of Holy Scripture ' 
 (from ' Good Words '), 1890 ; ' An 
 Introduction to the People's Bible 
 History,' 1895 ; 'Studies Subsidiary 
 to the Works of Bishop Butler,' 1896 ; 
 ' On the Condition of Man in a Future 
 Life,' pt. i., 1896. 
 
 He has translated: Farini's 'The 
 Roman State from 1815 to 1850,' 
 1851; the 'Odes' of Horace, 1894; 
 and edited : Bishop Butler's ' Works,' 
 1896. 
 
 GODWIN (William), 1756-1836. 
 Bom, at Wisbeach, Cambs., 3 March 
 1756. Family removed to Deben- 
 8 
 
114 
 
 GOLDSMITH 
 
 ham, Suffolk, 1758 ; to Guestwick, 
 Norfolk, 1760. At school at Guest- 
 wick, 1760-64 ; at Hindolveston, 1764- 
 67 ; with tutor, 1767-71. Master at 
 Hindolveston School, 1771-73. To 
 Hoxton Academy, London, 1773. 
 Minister at Ware, Herts, 1778. In 
 London, 1779. Minister at Stow- 
 market, Suffolk, 1780-82 ; returned to 
 London, 1782. Ministerat Beaconsfield 
 in 1783 ; gave up ministry that year 
 and took to literature. Intimacy with 
 Mary WoUstonecraft begun, 1796 ; 
 married her, 29 March 1797. Daughter 
 Mary (afterwards Mrs. Shelley) born 
 30 Aug. 1797 ; wife died, 10 Sept. 
 1797. Marriid Mrs. Mary Jane 
 Clairmont, Dec. 1801. Friendship 
 with Coleridge, Larab, Wordsworth. 
 •Tragedy of Antonio' produced at 
 Drury Lane, 13 Dec. 1800; Taul- 
 kener' produced, Dec. 1807. Finan- 
 cial troubles. Wife started publish- 
 ing business. Friendship with Shelley 
 begun, 1811. Bankrupt, 1822. Yeo- 
 man Usher of Exchequer, 1833-36. 
 Died, in London, 7 April 1836. 
 Buried in Old St. Pancras Church- 
 yard. 
 
 Works : ' Life of Chatham ' (anon.), 
 1783; 'Sketches of History' 1784; 
 'Enquiry concerning Political Justice,' 
 1793 ; 'Things as they are; or, the 
 Adventures of Caleb Williams,' 1794; 
 
 ♦ Cursory Strictures on the Charge of 
 Chief -Justice Eyre,' 1794 ; 'The En- 
 quirer,' 1797 ; * Memoirs of the 
 Author of a Vindication of the Rights 
 of Women,' 1798 (2nd edn. same 
 year); 'St. Leon,' 1799; 'Antonio,' 
 1800 ; ' Thoughts occasioned by . . . 
 Dr. Parr's Spital Sermon,' 1801 ; 
 
 ♦ Life of Geoffrey Chaucer,' 1803 ; 
 'Fleetwood,' 1805 (French trans, 
 same year) ; * Fables ' (under pseud. 
 
 ♦ Edward Baldwin '), 1805 ; ' The 
 Looking-Glass ' (under pseud. * Theo- 
 philus Marcliffe,' attrib. to Godwin), 
 1805 ; ' Faulkener,' 1807 ; * Essay 
 on Sepulchres,' 1809 ; 'Dramas for 
 Children ' (anon.), 1809 ; ' History of 
 Rome ' (by ' E. Baldwin '), 1809 ; 
 ' New and improved Grammar of the 
 English Language' (anon.), 1812; 
 ' Lives of Edward and John Philips,' 
 
 1815 ; ♦ Mandeville,' 1817 ; 'Of Popu- 
 lation,' 1820; 'Life of Lady Jane 
 Grey ' (by ' E. Baldwin '), 1824 ; 
 ' History of the Commonwealth of 
 England' (4 vols.), 1824-28; 'The 
 History of England for the use 
 of Schools ' (by ' E. Baldwin '), 1827 ; 
 ' History of Greece ' (by ' E. Baldwin ' 
 1828 ; ' Cloudesley ' (anon.), 1830 ; 
 'Thoughts on Man,' 1831 ; 'Deloraine,' 
 1833 ; 'Lives of the Necromancers,' 
 1834. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Essays,' 1873. 
 
 He translated : Lord Lovat's * Me- 
 moirs,' 1797 ; and edited : Mary 
 Godwin's ' Posthumous Works,' 1798 ; 
 his son (W. Godwin)'8 ' Transfusion,' 
 1835. 
 
 Life : by C. Kegan Paul, 1876. 
 
 [His first wife, Mary WoUstone- 
 craft, was born 27 April 1759. Com- 
 panion to a lady, 1778-80. Kept 
 school at Newington Green with her 
 sister, 1783-85. Acquaintance with 
 Dr. Johnson. Governess in Lord 
 Kingsborough's family, 1787-88. To 
 London ; worked as reader and 
 translator for Dr. Johnson, 1788-92. 
 Met William Godwin, Nov. 1791. 
 To Paris, 1792. Lived with Gilbert 
 Imlay, 1793-96. Attempted suicide, 
 1796. Intimacy with William God- 
 win begun, 1796 ; married to him, 29 
 March 1797. Died, in London, 10 
 Sept. 1797. 
 
 Works: 'Thoughts on the Education 
 of Daughters,' 1787; 'Original Stories ' 
 (anon.), 1788; 'Vindication of the 
 Rights of Men,' 1790 ; ' Vindication 
 of the Rights of Women,' vol. i., 
 1792 (no more pub.) ; 'Historical and 
 Moral View of . . . the French Revo- 
 lution,' vol. i., 1794 (no more pub.) ; 
 'Letters written in Norway,' 1796. 
 Posthumous : * Posthumous Works,' 
 ed. by W. Godwin (4 vols.), 1798; 
 'Letters to Imlay,' ed. by C. Kegan 
 Paul, 1879. She translated : Salz- 
 raann's * Elements of Morality,' 
 1790.] 
 
 GOLDSMITH (Oliver). 1728-1774. 
 Born, at Pallas, Co. Longford, 10 
 Nov. 1728. Family removed to Lissoy, 
 1730. At village school, 1734-35; 
 
GORE 
 
 115 
 
 at school at Elphin, 1736-39 ; at 
 Athlone, 1739-41 ; at Edge worths- 
 town, 1741-44. To Trin. Coll., 
 Dublin, as Sizar, 11 June 1744 ; 
 Smyth Exhibition, 1747 ; B.A., 27 
 Feb. 1749. With his mother at Bally- 
 mahon, 1749-51. Rejected as a 
 clergyman, 1751. Private tutorship, 
 1751-52. To Edinburgh to study 
 medicine, autumn of 1752. To 
 Leyden, 1754. Travelled on the 
 Continent, 1755-56. Possibly took 
 M.B. degree at Louvain or Padua. 
 Returned to London, Feb. 1756. Set 
 up in practice as physician. Master 
 at school at Peckham, winter of 1756 
 to 1757. Contrib. to 'Monthly Review,' 
 April to Sept., 1757, Dec. 1758 ; to 
 •Literary Mag.,' Jan. 1757, Jan. to 
 May, 1758 ; to ' Critical Review,' 
 Nov. 1757, Jan. to Aug., 1759, March 
 1760 ; to • The Busybody,' Oct. 1759. 
 Ed. ' Lady's Mag.,' 1759-60. Friend- 
 ship with Johnson begun, 1761. 
 Contrib. to * The Public Ledger,' 
 Jan. to Feb., 1760; to the 'British 
 Mag.,' Feb. 1760 to Jan. 1763. Visit 
 to Bath for health, 1762. Removed 
 to Islington, winter of 1762. Tried 
 again to set up as physician, 1765. 
 Settled in Temple, 1767 ; lived there 
 till death. * The Good-natured Man ' 
 produced at Covent Garden, 29 Jan. 
 1768 ; * She Stoops to Conquer,' 
 Covent Garden, 15 March 1773 ; 
 'The Grumbler' (adapted from Sed- 
 ley), Covent Garden, 8 May 1773. 
 Contrib. to * Westminster Mag.,' 
 Jan. to Feb., 1773 ; to ' Universal 
 Mag.,' April 1774. Died, in London, 
 4 April 1774. Buried in the Temple. 
 Works : ' Memoirs of a Protestant ' 
 (anon.), 1758 ; * Enquiry into the 
 Present State of Polite Learning ' 
 (anon.), 1759 ; 'The Bee' (anon. ; 8 
 nos.), 1759 ; * A History of the Seven 
 Years' War,' 1761 ; * A Poetical 
 Dictionary' (anon.), 1761; 'History 
 of Mecklenburgh,' 1762 ; * The Mys- 
 tery Revealed,' 1742 [1762]; 'The 
 Citizen of the World ' (anon.), 1762 ; 
 
 * Life of Richard Nash ' (anon.), 1762 ; 
 'The Art of Poetry on a New Plan ' 
 (anon. ; attrib. to Goldsmith), 1762 ; 
 
 • The Martial Review ' (anon.), 1763 ; 
 
 'An History of England' (anon.), 
 1764; 'The Traveller,' 1765; ' Es- 
 says,' 1765 ; ' The Vicar of Wakefield* 
 (2 vols.), 1766; 'History of Little 
 Goody Two-Shoes ' (anon. ; attrib. to 
 Goldsmith), 1766; ' The Good-natured 
 Man,' 1768; 'The Roman History' 
 (2 vols.), 1769 (abridged by Gold- 
 smith, 1772) ; 'The Deserted Village,' 
 1770 ; ♦ The Life of Thomas Parnell,' 
 1770 ; 'Life of . . . Viscount Boling- 
 broke' (anon.), 1770; 'The History 
 of England ' (4 vols.), 1771 (abridged, 
 1774) ; ' Threnodia Augustalis,' 1772; 
 ' She Stoops to Conquer,' 1773 ; ' Re- 
 taliation,' 1774 (2nd to 5th edns. 
 same year) ; ' The Grecian History ' 
 (2 vols.), 1774; 'A History of the 
 Earth' (8 vols.), 1774. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Miscellaneous 
 Works,' 1775 ; ' The Haunch of 
 Venison,' 1776; 'A Survey of Ex- 
 perimental Philosophy' (2 vols.), 1776 ; 
 'Poems and Plays,' 1777; 'Poetical 
 and Dramatic Works,' 1780; 'The 
 Captivity,' 1836 ; ' Asem, the Man- 
 Hater,' 1877. 
 
 He translated: (under pseud, of 
 ' James Willington ') Bergerac's ' Me- 
 moirs of a Protestant,' 1758 ; Plu- 
 tarch's ' Lives ' (with J. Collyer), 
 1762 ; Formey's ' Concise History of 
 Philosophy,' 1766 ; Scarron's ' Comic 
 Romance,' 1776 ; and edited : New- 
 bery's 'Art of Poetry,' 1762 ; 'Poems 
 for Young Ladies' (anon.), 1767 ; 
 ' Beauties of English Poesy,' 1767 ; 
 T. Parnell's * Poems,' 1770. 
 
 Collected Works: in 5 vols., ed. by 
 J. W. M. Gibbs, 1884-86. 
 
 Life : by J. Forster, 6th edn., 1877 ; 
 by Austin Dobsoa, 1888. 
 
 GORE (Mrs. Catherine Grace 
 Frances), 1799-1861. Born [Cathe- 
 rine Grace Frances Moody], at East 
 Retford, 1799. Early literary pre- 
 cocity. Married to Capt. Charles 
 Arthur Gore, 15 Feb. 1823. 'The 
 School for Coquettes ' produced at Hay- 
 market Theatre, 1831; 'Lords and 
 Commons ' at Drury Lane ; « The King's 
 Seal,' 1835; 'King O'Neil,' 1835; 
 'The Queen's Champion,' 1835; 'The 
 Maid of Croissy,' 1835. Actively 
 8—2 
 
116 
 
 GOSSE 
 
 employed in novel-writing, also com- 
 posed music. Lived in France for 
 some years from 1832. Comedy, 
 
 * Quid pro Quo,' won £500 prize offered 
 by Webster at Haymarket Theatre ; 
 produced there, 18 June 1844. Died, 
 at Lyndhurst, Hampshire, 29 Jan. 
 1861 ; buried in Kensal Green ceme- 
 tery. 
 
 Works: 'Theresa Marchmont,'1824 ; 
 
 * The Bond,' 1824 ; ' The Lettre de 
 Cachet ' (anon.), 1827 ; * The Reign of 
 Terror* (anon.), 1827 ; 'Hungarian 
 Tales ' (anon.), 1829 ; * Romance of 
 Real Life' (anon.), 1829 ; 'Women 
 as they are ; or, the Manners of the 
 Day' (anon.), 1830 (2nd edn. same 
 year) ; ' Pin Money ' (anon.), 1831 ; 
 'The Tuileries ' (anon.), 1831; 
 
 * Mothers and Daughters ' (anon. ), 
 1831 ; ' The Historical Traveller,' 
 1831; 'The Fair of May Fair* (anon.), 
 1832; 'The Opera' (anon.), 1832; 
 •The Sketch-Book of Fashion' (anon.), 
 1833 ; 'Polish Tales' (anon.), 1833; 
 ' TheHamiltons ' (anon.), 1834 ; ' The 
 Maid of Croissy,' 1835 ; 'King O'Neil,' 
 1835 ; ' The Diary of a Desennuyee ' 
 (anon.), 1836; 'Mrs. Armytage ' 
 (anon.), 1836 ; 'Memoirs of a Peeress' 
 (anon.), 1837 ; ' Stokeshill Place ' 
 (anon.), 1837 ; ' The Heir of Selwood' 
 (anon.), 1838 ; ' Mary Raymond,' 
 1838 ; 'The Rose Fancier's Manual,' 
 1838 ; * The Woman of the World ' 
 (anon.), 1838 ; ' The Cabinet Minister' 
 (anon.) 1839; 'The Courtier of the 
 Days of Charles II.,' 1839 ; ' Dacre 
 of the South,' 1840 ; ' The Dowager,' 
 1840; ' Preferment,' 1840 ; 'Cecil' 
 (anon.), 1841 ; 'Cecil a Peer' (sequel 
 to preceding), 1841 ; ' Greville,' 1841 ; 
 'The Soldier of Lyons,' 1841 ; 'The 
 Ambassador's Wife,' 1842 ; * The 
 Man of Fortune,' 1842 ; ' Ormington ' 
 (anon.), 1842 ; ' The Banker's Wife,' 
 1843 ; « The Inundation,' 1843 ; 
 ' Modern Chivalry ' (under initials : 
 C. F. G.), 1843 ; 'The Money-Lender,' 
 1843 ; * Quid pro Quo ' (under 
 initials: C. F. G.), 1844; 'Agathonia' 
 (anon.), 1844 ; ' The Birthright,' 1844 ; 
 
 * The Popular Member,' 1844 ; ' Self ' 
 (anon.). 1845; 'The Snow Storm,' 
 1845 J ' The Story of a Royal Fa- 
 
 vourite,' 1845 ; • The Debutante,' 
 1846 ; ' New Year's Day,' 1846 (2nd 
 edn. same year) ; ' Men of Capital,' 
 1846; 'Peers and Parvenus,' 1846 ; 
 ' Sketches of English Character,' 
 1846 ; ' The Queen of Denmark,' 
 1846 ; ' Castles in the Air,' 1847 ; 
 •Temptation and Atonement,' 1847 ; 
 'The Diamond and the Pearl,' 1848 ; 
 ' The Inundation,' [1848] ; ' A Good 
 Night's Rest,' 1852; 'The Dean's 
 Daughter,' 1853; 'The Lost Son,' 
 1854 ; ' Progress and Prejudice,' 1854 ; 
 • Mammon,' 1855 ; ' A Life's Lessons,' 
 1856 ; ' The Two Aristocracies,' 1857; 
 ' Heckington,' 1857. 
 
 She contributed to: 'The Tales of 
 all Nations,' 1827 ; ' Heath's Pictur- 
 esque Annual,' 1832 ; The Edinburgh 
 Tales' (vols. i.-iii.), 1845 ; 'The Tale 
 Book,' 1859. 
 
 Posthumous : ' The Royal Fa- 
 vourite,' 1863. 
 
 She edited : ' The Lover and the 
 Husband,' 1841 ; 'The Woman of a 
 Certain Age,' 1841 ; • Fascination,' 
 1842; 'Modern French Life,' 1842; 
 •The Queen of Denmark,' 1846 ; and 
 probably was the translator of Sain- 
 tine's ' Picciola,' 1837. 
 
 GOSSE (Edmund William), b. 1849. 
 Born, in London, 21 Sept. 1849. Edu- 
 cated privately. Assistant in Li- 
 brary, British Museum, 1867 - 75. 
 Appointed Translator to Board of 
 Trade, 1875. Married Ellen Epps, 
 13 Aug. 1875. Clark Lecturer on 
 Eng. Lit., Trin. Coll., Camb., 1884-86, 
 and 1886-89. Hon. M.A., Camb., 
 1885. Visit to U.S.A., winter of 
 1884-85; lectured before various Uni- 
 versities. Presided at inauguration 
 of Shelley memorial at Horsham, 
 1892 ; of Keats memorial, Hampstead, 
 1894. Resides in London. 
 
 Works : ' Madrigals, Songs, and 
 Sonnets ' (with J. A. Blaikie), 1870 ; 
 ' On Viol and Flute,' 1873 ; « The 
 Ethical Condition of the Early Scan- 
 dinavian People ' [1874] ; ' King 
 Erik,' 1876 ; 'The Unknown Lover,' 
 1878 ; 'Studies in the Literature of 
 Northern Europe,' 1879 ; * New 
 Poems,' 1879 ; ' Gray ' (' Eng. Men of 
 
GOWER-GRATTAN 
 
 117 
 
 Letters' series), 1882; *Meu:oir of 
 Thomas Lodge' (priv. ptd.), 1882; 
 
 • Seventeenth Century Studies,' 1883 ; 
 'Cecil Lawson,' 1883 ; 'A Critical 
 Essay on . . . George Tinworth,' 
 1883; 'An Epistle to Dr. 0. W. 
 Holmes ' (in verse), 1884 ; * The 
 Masque of Painters ' (priv. ptd.), 1885 ; 
 •From Shakespeare to Pope,' 1885; 
 Tirdausi in Exile, and other poems,' 
 1885 ; 'Raleigh,' 1886 ; Life of Wil- 
 liam Congreve,' 1888 ; * A History of 
 Eighteenth Century Literature, 1660- 
 1780,' 1889; 'The Life of P. H. 
 GoBse,' 1890; ' Robert Browning : per- 
 sonalia,' 1890 ; ' Gossip in a Library,' 
 1891; ♦ The Secret of Narcisse,' 1892 ; 
 ' Wolcott Balestier ' (priv. ptd.), 1892 ; 
 ' Questions at Issue,' 1893; ' In Russet 
 and Silver,' 1894; 'The Jacobean 
 Poets,' 1894; 'Critical Kit - Kats,' 
 1896. 
 
 He has translated : Ibsen's * Hedda 
 Gabler,' 1891 ; Ibsen's * Master 
 Builder ' (with W. Archer), 1893 ; La 
 Motte Fouque's ' Undine,' 1897 ; and 
 edited : Works of Samuel Rowlands, 
 1880 ; 'English Odes,' 1881 ; Works 
 of Thomas Lodge, 1882; Gray's 
 Works, 1884 ; Sir Joshua Reynolds' 
 'Discourses,' 1884; 'Selected Poems 
 of Gray,' 1885 ; Shirley's Plays, 1888 ; 
 Beddoes' ' Poetical Works,' 1890 ; E. 
 Marx-Aveling's translation of Ibsen's 
 •Lady from the Sea,' 1890 ; 'Heine- 
 mann's International Library,' 1890, 
 etc. ; Nash's ' Unfortunate Traveller,' 
 1892; Zola's 'Attack on the Mill,' 
 1892 ; Beddoes' Letters, 1894 ; 
 Bjornson's Novels, 1894, etc. ; ' Con- 
 versations of James Northcote,' 1894 ; 
 Smith's * NoUekens and his Times,' 
 1894; 'The Tavern of the Three 
 Virtues,' 1896 ; La Motte Fouque's 
 
 • Undine,' 1896 ; Carlyle's « On 
 Heroes,' 1896 ; ' Literatures of the 
 World ' series, 1897, etc. 
 
 GOWEE (John), 1325[?]rl408. 
 Born about 1325 [?]. Probably 
 travelled abroad in his youth, and 
 lived subsequently mainly in Kent. 
 Married Agnes Groundolf, 25 Jan. 
 1397. Resided at Southwark. Be- 
 came blind, 1400. Died Sept.[?] 
 
 1408 ; buried in St. Saviour's, South- 
 wark. 
 
 Works : * Confessio Amantis,' ed. 
 by Caxton, 1493 [1483]. 
 
 Posthumovs : * Balades and other 
 poems' (pubd. by Roxburghe Club), 
 1818; 'Poema quod docitur Vox 
 Clamantis ' (Roxburghe Club), 1850. 
 
 GRATTAN (Thomas CoUey), 1792- 
 1864. Born, in Dublin, 1792. At 
 school at Athy. Studied law in 
 Dublin for short time, then took com- 
 mission in militia. To Bordeaux (in- 
 tending to go thence to Venezuela), 
 1818 ; married Eliza O'Donnel and 
 settled near Bordeaux, 1818. After- 
 wards lived in Paris. Contrib. to 
 * Westminster Rev.,' * Edinburgh Rev. , 
 'New Monthly Mag.,' etc. Started 
 and ed. * The Paris Monthly Review 
 of British and Continental Literature ' 
 (15 nos.), Jan. 1822 to April 1823, 
 Play, • Ben Nazir,' produced at Drury 
 Lane, 21 May 1827. In Brussels, 
 1828-30. In Holland and Germany, 
 1830-32. Gentleman of Privy 
 Chamber to William IV., 1832. Re- 
 turned to Brussels. Contrib. to ' The 
 Times * letters on the Brussels Riots, 
 1834. At Boston, U.S.A., as Britist 
 Consul to State of Massachusetts, 
 1839-46. Assisted in proceedings for 
 delimitation of N.E. boundary, 1842. 
 Returned to England, 1846. Consul- 
 ship transferred from him to his eldest 
 son. Died, in London, 4 July 1864. 
 
 Worls: • Philibert,' 1819 ; 'High- 
 ways and Byways,' Ist ser. (2 vols., 
 anon.), 1823 ; 2nd ser. (3 vols., 
 anon.), 1825 ; 3rd ser. (3 vols., anon.), 
 1827 ; ' The History of Switzerland ' 
 (anon.), 1825; 'Ben Nazir,' 1827; 
 •Traits of Travel' (3 vols., anon.), 
 1829 ; ' The History of the Nether- 
 lands ' (in vol. X. of ' Lardner's Cy- 
 clopaedia'), 1830; 'The Heiress of 
 Bruges,' 1831; 'Jacqueline of Hol- 
 land,' 1831 ; ' Legends of the Rhine ' 
 (anon.), 1832 ; ' Agnes de Mansfeldt,' 
 1836 ; * The Boundary Question,' 
 1843 ; ' The Master Passion,' 1845 : 
 ' Chance Medley of Matter,' 1845 ; 
 'The Cagot's Hut,' 1852; 'The For- 
 feit Hand,' 1857 ; 'The Curse of the 
 
118 
 
 GRAY— GREEN 
 
 Black Lady,* 1857 ; * Civilized 
 America ' (2 vols.), 1859 ; ' England 
 and the Disrupted States of America,' 
 1861 ; « Beaten Paths,' 1862. 
 
 GRAY (Thomas), 1716-1771. Born, 
 in London, 26 Dec. 1716. Early edu- 
 cation at Burnham. To Eton, 1727[?]. 
 To Pembroke Hall, Camb., as Pen- 
 sioner, summer of 1734 ; transferred 
 to Peterhouse, 9 Oct. 1734. Took no 
 degree ; left University, Sept. 1738. 
 Travelled abroad with Horace Wal- 
 pole, March 1739 to Sept. 1740. Re- 
 turned to Peterhouse, Camb., as 
 Fellow-Commoner, Oct. 1742 ; LL.B., 
 1743. Lived chiefly at Cambridge 
 for remainder of life. Removed to 
 Pembroke Coll., 6 March 1756. In 
 London, Jan. 1759 to June 1761. 
 Prof, of History and Mod. Languages, 
 Cambridge, 28 July 1768. Increas- 
 ing ill-health. Died, at Cambridge, 
 30 July 1771. Buried at Stoke 
 Pogis. 
 
 Works : ' Ode on a distant prospect 
 of Eton College '(anon.), 1747; 'An 
 Elegy wrote in a Country Churchyard' 
 (anon.), 1751 (2nd-4th edns. same 
 year) ; ' Six Poems,' 1753 ; 'The Pro- 
 gress of Poesy ; and, The Bard,' 1758 ; 
 * Poems ' (collected ; two independent 
 edns.), 1768 ; ' Ode, performed . . . 
 at the installation of ... A. H. 
 Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton' (anon.), 
 1769. 
 
 Posthumous : * A Catalogue of the 
 Antiquities ... in England and 
 Wales' (anon.; priv. ptd.), [1773]; 
 ' Life and Letters,' ed. by W. Mason, 
 1774 ; 'The Bard,' ed. by J. Martin, 
 1837 ; * Correspondence with W. 
 Mason,' ed. by J. Mitford, 1853. 
 
 Collected Works : ' Poems,' ed. by 
 W. Mason, 1775 ; ' Poems and 
 Letters' (priv. ptd.), 1879 ; 'Works,' 
 ed. by E. Gosse (4 vols.), 1884. 
 
 Life : by E. Gosse, 1882. 
 
 GREEN (John Bichard), 1837-1883. 
 Born, at Oxford, 12 Dec. 1837. At 
 Magdalen Coll., School, 1845-51 ; with 
 private tutors, 1851 - 53. Matric. 
 Jesus Coll., Oxford, 7 Dec. 1855 j 
 Scholar, 1855-60 ; B.A., 1860 ; M.A., 
 
 1862. Ordained Deacon, 1860. Curateof 
 St. Barnabas, King Square, London, 
 1860-63. Curate of Holy Trinity, 
 Hoxton, 1863-66 ; perpetual curate of 
 St. Philip's, Stepney, 1866-69. Con- 
 trib. to ' Saturday Rev.,' 1862. Prose- 
 cuted historical studies. Librarian of 
 Lambeth Palace, 1869-83. Gave up 
 clerical life, 1869. Married Alice 
 Stopford, June 1877. Hon. Fellow 
 Jesus Coll., Oxford, 1877-83. Hon. 
 LL.D., Edinburgh, 1878. Visit to 
 Egypt, 1881. Increasing ill-health. 
 Died, at Mentone, 7 March 1883. 
 
 Works : * Short History of the Eng- 
 lish People,' 1874 ; 'Stray Studies from 
 England and Italy,' 1876; * A His- 
 tory of the English People' (4 vols., 
 expanded from preceding), 1877-80 ; 
 ' Readings from English History,' 
 1879; 'A Short Geography of the 
 British Islands ' (with his wife), 1880 ; 
 ' The Making of England,' 1881. 
 
 Posthumous: 'The Conquest of 
 England' (completed by his wife), 
 1883. 
 
 He edited: 'Literature Primers,' 
 1875-79 ; ' History Primers,' 1875-84; 
 'Classical Writers,' 1879-82; Addi- 
 son's • Essays,' 1880. 
 
 GREEN (Thomas Hill), 1836-1882. 
 Born, at Birkin, Yorkshire, 7 April 
 1836. At Rugby, 1848-55. Matric 
 Balliol Coll., Oxford, 30 May 1855 ; 
 B.A., 1859 ; M.A., 1862. Chancellor's 
 Prize Essay, 1862. Historical lec- 
 turer at Balliol Coll., 1860 ; Fellow, 
 Nov. 1860 to 1882 ; Librarian, 1864 ; 
 Senior Dean, 1865 ; Lecturer and 
 Tutor, 1869 ; Dean, 1871-72 ; Classi- 
 cal Tutor, 1875. Assistant Commis- 
 sioner to Royal Commission on Middle- 
 Class Schools, Dec. 1864. Married 
 Charlotte Symonds, 1 July 1871. 
 Whyte Prof, of Moral Philosophy, 
 Oxford, 1878-82. Died, at Oxford, 26 
 March 1882. 
 
 Work : * Liberal Legislation and 
 Freedom of Contract,' 1881. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Prolegomena to 
 Ethics,' ed. by A. C. Bradley, 1883 ; 
 'The Witness of God; and. Faith,' 
 ed, by A. Toynbee, 1883 ; translation 
 (with others) of Lotze's * Logik ' and 
 
GREENE-GREVILLE 
 
 119 
 
 'Metaphysik,' 1884; 'Lectures on 
 the Principles of Political Obligation,' 
 1895. 
 
 He edited: Hume's 'Philosophical 
 Works' (with T. H. Grose, etc.), 
 1874, etc. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by R. L. 
 Nettleship, with /i/e (3 vols.), 1885- 
 88. 
 
 GBEENE (Bobert), ISGOH] - 1592. 
 Born, at Norwich, 1560 [?]. To St. 
 John's Coll., Cambridge, as Sizar, 26 
 Nov. 1575 ; B.A., 1579 ; removed to 
 Clare Hall ; M.A., 1583. Travelled 
 abroad, 1579-80. Married, 1585 [or 
 1586 ?] ; lived at Norwich. Deserted 
 his wife, 1586 ; settled in London. 
 Incorporated M.A., Oxford, July 
 1588. Died, in London, 3 Sept. 1592 ; 
 buried in New Churchyard, near Beth- 
 lehem Hospital. 
 
 Worhs: 'Mamillia,' 1583; 'The 
 Myrrour of Modestie ' (under initials : 
 R. G.) 1584; 'Gwydonius,' 1584 
 (later edns., called * Greene's Carde 
 of Fancie,' 1587, etc.); 'Arbasto,' 
 1584; •Morando,'1584 (another edn., 
 with addition of second part, 1587) ; 
 * Planetomachia,' 1585; 'Penelope's 
 Web,' 1587 ; 'Euphues his Censure,' 
 1587 ; * Perimedes the Blacke-Smith,' 
 1588; 'Pandosto,' 1588; 'Alcida,' 
 probably published 1589 (earliest edn. 
 knovra, 1617) ; ' The Spanish Mas- 
 querade,' 1589 (2nd edn. same year) ; 
 ♦Menaphon,' 1589 (later edns. called, 
 ' Greene's Arcadia ; or, Menaphon,' 
 1599, etc.) ; 'Ciceronis Amor,' 1589 ; 
 
 * Greenes Orpharion,' probably pubd. 
 1590 (earliest edn. known, 1599) ; 
 'The Royal Exchange,' 1590; 'Greenes 
 Mourning Garment,' probably pubd. 
 
 1590 (earliest edn. known, 1616) ; 
 •Greenes Never too Late,' 1590; 
 
 * Greenes Farewell to Folly,' 1591 ; 
 
 * A Maiden's Dream e,' 1591 ; ' A 
 Notable Discovery of Coosnage,' 1591; 
 
 * The Second part of Conny-catching,' 
 
 1591 ; 'The Thirde and last part of 
 Conny-catching,' 1592; *A Disputa- 
 tion betweene a Hee Conny-catcher 
 and a Shee Conny-catcher ' (under 
 initials: R. G.), 1592 (another edn., 
 called, *Theeves Falling Out,' 1617) ; 
 
 ' The Black Bookes Messenger ' 
 (under initials: R. G.), 1592; 'The 
 Defence of Conny-catching' (anon. ; 
 attrib. to Greene), 1592 ; ' Philomela,' 
 1592 ; ' A Quip for an Upstart Cour- 
 tier,' 1592 (2nd and 3rd edns. same 
 year). 
 
 Posthumous: 'The Repentance of 
 Robert Greene,' 1592 ; ' Greenes 
 Vision,' (1592 ?) ; ' The Historie of 
 Orlando Furioso,' 1594 ; 'A Looking 
 Glass for London and England ' (with 
 T.^ Lodge), 1594 ; 'The Honorable 
 Historie of frier Bacon and frier Bon- 
 gay,' 1594; 'The First Part of the 
 Tragicall Raigne of Selimus ' (anon. ; 
 attrib. to Greene), 1594; 'Greens 
 Groatsworth of Wit,' 1596; 'The 
 Scottish Historie of James the fourth,' 
 1598; 'The Comicall Historie of 
 Alphonsus, King of Aragon,* 1599 ; 
 ' A pleasant conceyted Comedie of 
 George a Greene' (anon. ; attrib. to 
 Greene), 1599 ; ' A Paire of Turtle 
 Doves ' (anon. ; attrib. to Greene), 
 1606. 
 
 He edited : (anon. ), * Euphues 
 Shadow, by T. L.' 1592. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by Dyce (2 
 vols.), 1831; ed. by Grosart (15 vols.), 
 1881-86. 
 
 Life: Memoirs by Dyce and Gro- 
 sart in edns. of Greene's works. 
 
 GEEVILLE {Sir Fulke), Lord 
 Brooke, 1554-1628. Born, at Beau- 
 champ Court, Warwickshire, 1554. 
 To Shrewsbury School, 17 Oct. 1564. 
 Friendship with Philip Sidney begun, 
 Matrio. at Jesus Coll., Cambridge, 
 20 May 1568. Held post in Court 
 of Marches, 1576-77. In favour at 
 Elizabeth's court. To Heidelberg 
 with Sidney, Feb. 1577. Accom- 
 panied diplomatic mission to Flanders, 
 1578. To Germany again, 1579. 
 Secretary for Principality of Wales, 
 20 April 1583 ; held office till death. 
 Served in Normandy under Henry of 
 Navarre, 1591. M.P. for Warwick- 
 shire, 1592-93, 1597, 1601, 1620. Es- 
 tate of Wedgnock Park granted him 
 by Queen, 1597. Knight of the Bath, 
 Oct. 1597. Treasurer of the Wars, 
 March 1598 ; Treasurer of the Navy, 
 
120 
 
 GRIFFIN— GEOTE 
 
 Sept. 1598. Castle of Warwick 
 granted him, 1G05. Chancellor of the 
 Exchequer, Oct. 1614 to Jan. 1621. 
 Created Baron Brooke, 29 Jan. 1621. 
 Took seat in House of Lords, 15 Nov. 
 1621. On Council of War, 1624 ; on 
 Council of Foreign Affairs, 1625. 
 Died, from wound inflicted by a 
 servant, 30 Sept. 1628. Buried in 
 St. Mary's Church, Warwick. 
 
 Works: Contributions to 'The 
 Phoenix Nest,' 1593 ; to Bodenham's 
 'Belvedere,' 1600; to 'Englanda Heli- 
 con,' 1600 ; * The Tragedy of Mus- 
 tapha' (anon.), 1609. 
 
 Posthumous : * Certaine Learned 
 and Elegant Workes of the Rt. Hon. 
 Fulke, Lord Brooke,' 1633; 'The 
 Life of the renowned Sir Philip 
 Sidney,' 1625 ; ' The Remains of Sir 
 Fulk Grevill,' 1670. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by Grosart, 
 with memoir (4 vols.), 1870. 
 
 GEIFFIN (Gerald), 1803 - 1840. 
 Born, in Limerick, 12 Dec. 1803. 
 Educated there. Oontrib. to local 
 periodicals. To Adare, to live with 
 his brother, 1820. To London, 
 autumn of 1823. Contrib. to 'Liter- 
 ary Gazette.' Opera, * The Noyades,' 
 produced at English Opera House, 
 
 1826. Returned to Limerick, Feb. 
 
 1827. Published various novels. To 
 London Univ., to study law, 1828. 
 Returned to Ireland, spring of 1829. 
 To London, autumn 1829. Returned 
 to Ireland, 1830. Visit to Scotland, 
 1838. Joined Catholic Society of 
 Christian Brothers, Aug. 1838. Died, 
 at Cork, 12 June 1840. Play, • Gisip- 
 pus,' posthumously performed at 
 Drury Lane, 1842. 
 
 Works: ' Holland - Tide ' (anon.), 
 1827 ; * Tales of the Munster Festi- 
 vals ' (anon.), 1827; 'The Collegians' 
 (anon. ), 1829 ; * The Christian Physio- 
 logist ' (anon.), 1830 (another edn., 
 called ' The Offering of Friendship,' 
 1854) ; « The Rivals ; and, Tracy's 
 Ambition ' (anon.), 1830 ; ' The In- 
 vasion ' (anon.), 1832 ; * Tales of My 
 Neighbourhood' (anon.), 1835 ; * The 
 Duke of Monmouth' (anon.), 1836. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Gisippus,' 1842; 
 
 ' Talis Quali.=,' 1842 ; * The Day of 
 Trial,' 1854 [1853]; 'The Kelp- 
 Gatherer,' 1854 [1853] ; 'A Story of 
 Psyche,' 1854 [1853]; 'The Volup- 
 tuary Cured,' 1854 [1853]; 'The 
 Young Milesian,' 1854 [1853] ; ' Card 
 Drawing,' 1857. 
 
 Collected Works: in 8 vols., 1842- 
 43. 
 
 L\fe: by D. Griffin, 1843. 
 
 GROTE (George), 1794-1871. Bora, 
 at Clay Hill, Kent, 17 Nov. 1794. 
 At school at Sevenoaks, June 1800 to 
 1804 ; At Charterhouse, 1804 - 10. 
 Lived at home, 1810-20. Clerk in 
 his father's Bank, 1810-16; partner, 
 1816-43. Married Harriet Lewin, 
 5 March 1820. Active part in pro- 
 motion of London University, opened 
 1828; Mem. of CouncU, 1828-71. 
 Contrib. to * Westminster Rev.,' 1828, 
 
 1843 and 1866 ; to ' Spectator,' 1839 
 and 1847 ; to * Classical Museum,' 
 1844; to 'Edinburgh Rev.,' 1856. 
 Travelled on Continent, 1830. M.P. 
 for City of London, Dec. 1831, Jan. 
 1835, and July 1837. Travelled in 
 Italy, Oct. 1841 to spring of 1842. Re- 
 tired from banking, 1843. F.G.S.,1843. 
 Resided partly in London, partly at 
 Burnham Beeches. Visit to Paris, 
 
 1844 ; to Switzerland, 1847. Mem. 
 of Council of University Coll., 1850 ; 
 Treasurer, 1860 ; President, 1868-71. 
 Elected on Governing body of new 
 University of London, 1850 ; Vice- 
 Chancellor, 1862. Trustee of British 
 Museum, 1859. D.C.L., Oxford, 1853. 
 F.R.S., 1857. Correspondent of 
 French Acad, of Moral and Political 
 Sciences, 1857 ; Foreign Associate, 
 1864. Prof, of Ancient History to 
 Royal Academy, 1859. Foreign Mem. 
 of Institute of France, Feb. 1864. 
 Refused Peerage, Nov. 1869. Died, 
 in London, 18 June 1871 j buried in 
 Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works : * Statement of the Question 
 of Parliamentary Reform,' 1821 ; 
 ' Analysis of the Influence of Natural 
 Religion' (under pseud, of Philip 
 Beauchamp), 1822 ; * Essentials of 
 Parliamentary Reform,' 1831 ; ' His- 
 tory of Greece,' vols. i. ii., 1846; vols. 
 
HAKLUYT— HALIBURTON 
 
 121 
 
 iiL ir., 1847 ; vols. v. vi., 1848 ; vols, 
 vii. viii., 1850; vols. ix. x., 1852; vol. 
 xi., 1853; vol. xii., 1856; 'Seven 
 Letters on the Recent Politics of 
 Switzerland' (from 'Spectator'), 
 1847 ; * Plato's Doctrine respecting 
 the Rotation of the Earth,' 1860 ; 
 
 * Plato and the other Companions of 
 Sokrates,' 1865 ; Review of J. S. 
 Mill's ' Examination of Hamilton ' 
 (from 'Westminster Rev.'), 1868 
 [1867]. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Aristotle,' ed. by A. 
 Bain and G. 0. Robertson (2 vols.), 
 1872; 'Poems' (priv. ptd.), 1872; 
 
 • Minor Works,' ed. by A. Bain, 1873; 
 'Posthumous Papers' (priv. ptd.), 
 1874; 'Fragments on Ethical Sub- 
 jects,' ed. by A. Bain, 1876. 
 
 He edited : Q. Waddington's ♦ His- 
 tory of the Reformation,' 1841 ; J. 
 Mill's 'Analysis of the Phenomena 
 of the Human Mind/ 1869. 
 
 Life : by Mrs. Grote, 1873. 
 
 HAKLUYT (Eichard), 1552[1].1616. 
 Born, in Herefordshire, 1552 [?]. Edu- 
 cated at Westminster School. To 
 Ob. Oh., Oxford, as Student, 1570 ; 
 B.A., 19 Feb. 1574 ; M.A., 27 Jan. 
 1577. Ordained, 1575 [?]. To France, 
 with Sir Edward Stafford, as Chap- 
 lain, 1583. Appointed Prebendary of 
 Bristol, 1586. Returned to England, 
 1588. Rector of Wetheringselt, Suf- 
 folk, AprU 1590. Married, 1594 [?]. 
 Wife died, 1597 [?]. Prebendary of 
 Westminster, May 1602. Archdeacon, 
 1603. Chaplain of Savoy, 1604. 
 Second marriage, March 1604, Inter- 
 ested in colony of Virginia, 1606. 
 Died, in London, 23 Nov. 1616 ; 
 buried in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works : • Divers Voyages touching 
 the Discovery of America' (under 
 initials : R. H.), 1582 ; ' The Princi- 
 pal! Navigations, Voiages, and Dis- 
 coveries of the English Nation,' 1589 
 (enlarged edn., 3 vols., 1598-1600). 
 
 Posthumous: 'A Discourse con- 
 cerning Western Planting,' 1877 
 (written 1584). 
 
 He translated: Laudonnifere's 'A 
 Notable History,' 1587 ; Ferdinand 
 Soto's ' Virginia richly Valued,' 1609; 
 
 and edited : Anglerius' ' De Orbe 
 Novo decades octo,' 1587 ; Galvano's 
 ' Discoveries of the World,' 1601. 
 
 HALES (John), 1584-1656. Born, 
 in Bath, 19 April 1584. Educated at 
 Bath Grammar School. To Corpus 
 Christi Coll., Oxford, as scholar, 16 
 April 1597 ; B.A., 9 July 1603 ; 
 Fellow of Merton Coll., 1605 ; M.A., 
 20 June 1609 ; Lecturer in Greek to 
 University, 1612. Fellow of Eton 
 Coll., 24 May 1613 to April 1649. 
 To Holland with Sir Dudley Carleton, 
 as Chaplain, 1616. To Eton, 1619. 
 Canon of Windsor, 23 May 1639 ; in- 
 stalled, 27 June ; deprived of canonry 
 by Parliamentary Committee, 1642. 
 Tutor to William Salter, in Bucking- 
 hamshire, 1649. Returned to Eton. 
 Died there, 19 May 1656. Buried 
 there. 
 
 Works: ' Oratio Funebris ' (on Sir 
 Thomas Bodley), 1613 ; * A Sermon,* 
 1617 ; ' Anonymi dissertatio de pace 
 et Concordia Ecclesiae,' 1630 ; ' The 
 Way towards the finding of a De- 
 cision of the Chief Controversie, etc.,' 
 (anon.), 1641; *A Tract concerning 
 Schisme,' 1642 (anon. ; 2nd edn. same 
 year) ; ' Of the Blasphemio againste 
 the Holy Ghost ' (anon. ; attrib. to 
 Hales), 1646. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Golden Remains,' 
 1659 ; ' Sermons preached at Eton,' 
 1660 ; ' Several Tracts,' 1677. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by Lord 
 Hailes (3 vols.), 1765. 
 
 HALIBTJRTON (Thomas Chandler), 
 1796-1865. Born, at Windsor, Nova 
 Scotia, 17 Dec. 1796. Educated at 
 Windsor Grammar School. To King's 
 Coll., Windsor, 1810; B.A., 1815. 
 Married Louisa Neville, 1816. Called 
 to Bar, 1820. Mem. for County of 
 Annapolis in Legislative Assembly, 
 1826-29. Chief Justice of Nova 
 Scotia Inferior Court of Common 
 Pleas, 1829-41 ; of Supreme Court, 
 Jan. 1841 to Feb. 1856. Wife died, 
 1840. Contrib. to 'Nova Scotian' 
 (under pseud, of 'Sam Slick'), 1835-36. 
 Visit to England, 1842. Contrib. to 
 ' Fraser's Mag.,' 1846-47. Pension of 
 £300 per annum, 1856. To England, 
 
122 
 
 HALIFAX— HALLIWELL 
 
 1856 ; settled in London. Married 
 Mrs. Sarah Harriet Williams, 1856. 
 Mem. of Athenaeum Club. Hon. 
 M.A., King's Coll., Windsor, N.S., 
 1858; Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 1858. 
 M.P. for Launceston, 29 April 1859 to 
 6 July 1865. Contrib. to 'Dublin 
 University Mag.,' 1858-59. Died, at 
 Isleworth, 27 Aug. 1865. 
 
 Works : * A General Description of 
 Nova Scotia,' 1825 ; 'An Historical 
 and Statistical Account of Nova 
 Scotia' (2 vols.), 1829; 'The Clock- 
 maker' (3 series, under pseud, of 
 • Sam Slick '), 1837-40 ; ' The Bubbles 
 of Canada ' (anon.), 1839 ; • A Reply 
 to the Report of the Earl of Durham ' 
 (anon.), 1839; 'The Letter Bag of 
 the Great Western' (anon.), 1840; 
 'Traits of American Humour,' 1843 ; 
 ' Sam Slick's Wise Saws and Modern 
 Instances ' (2 vols.), 1843 ; 'The Old 
 Judge' (2 vols.), 1843; 'The Ameri- 
 cans at Home' (3 vols.), 1843 ; 'The 
 Attache' (by 'Sam Slick,' 2 series), 
 1843-44 ; ' Rule and Misrule of the 
 English in America ' (anon. ; 2 vols. ), 
 1851 (another edn., called: 'The 
 English in America,' anon., same 
 year) ; ' Nature and Human Nature ' 
 (anon.), 1855 ; 'Address on the present 
 condition ... of British N. America,' 
 1857 ; ' Speech in House of Commons,' 
 1860; 'The Season Ticket' (anon., 
 from * The Dublin University Mag.'), 
 1860. 
 
 Life : by F. Blake Crofton, 1889. 
 
 HALIFAX, Marquis of. ^ee Savile 
 (G.). 
 
 HALLAM (Arthur Henry), 1811- 
 1833. [Son of Henry Hallam (g.w.).] 
 Born, in London, 1 Feb. 1811. Visit 
 to Germany and Switzerland, 1818. 
 At first privately educated ; after- 
 wards at Eton, till 1827. Contrib. to 
 'Eton Miscellany,' 1827. In Italy, 
 winter 1827-28. Returned to England, 
 June 1828. To Trin. Coll., Camb., 
 Oct. 1828. Friendship with Tennyson 
 formed there. B.A., 1832. Contrib. 
 to ' Englishman's Mag. , ' 1 8 3 1 . Student 
 of Inner Temple, 1832. With father 
 in Germany, 1833. Died suddenly, at 
 Vienna, 15 Sept. 1833. 
 
 Works: 'Remarks on Prof. Ros- 
 setti's " Disquisizioni sullo Spirito 
 Antipapale " ' (under initials : T. H. 
 E. A.), 1832. 
 
 Posthumous : 'Remains, in prose 
 and verse,' ed. by his father (priv. 
 ptd.), 1834. 
 
 HALLAM (Henry), 1777.1869. 
 Born, at Windsor, 9 July 1777. At 
 Eton, 1790-94. Contrib. to 'Musae 
 Etonenses,' 1795. Matric. Ch. Ch., 
 Oxford, 20 April 1795 ; B.A., 1799. 
 F.S.A., 12 March 1801. Student at 
 Inner Temple ; called to Bar, 2 July 
 1802. Commissioner of Records ; 
 afterwards Commissioner of Stamps, 
 1806-26. Married Julia Elton, 1807. 
 Withdrew from legal practice and en- 
 gaged in historical studies. Vice- 
 Pres. of Soc. of Antiquaries, 1824-59. 
 Royal Medal for historical achieve- 
 ments, 1830. Lived mainly in London. 
 M.A., Oxford, 1832; Hon. D.C.L., 
 5 July 1848. Founder and Treasurer 
 of Statistical Soc, 1834. Bencher of 
 Inner Temple, 1841. Hon. Prof, of 
 History to Royal Society. Foreign As- 
 sociate of Institute of France. Hon. 
 LL.D., Harvard Univ., 1848. Died, at 
 Penshurst, Kent, 21 Jan. 1859. 
 
 Works: 'A View of the State of 
 Europe during the Middle Ages,' 
 1818 (supplementary vol. of ' Notes,' 
 1848) ; ' The Constitutional History 
 of England,' 1827 ; * The Introduction 
 to the Literature of Europe' (4 vols.), 
 1837-39 ; 'Letters addressed to Lord 
 Ashley, etc.,' [1844]. 
 
 He edited: A. H. Hallam's 'Re- 
 mains,' 1834. 
 
 HALLIWELL, afterwards HiLLI- 
 WELL-PHILLIPPS (James Orchard), 
 1820-1889. Born, in Chelsea, 21 
 June 1820. Educated at private 
 schools. Contrib. to ' The Parthenon,* 
 Nov. 1836 to Jan. 1837. To Trin. 
 Coll., Camb., 13 Nov. 1837 ; removed 
 to Jesus Coll., April 1838, as scholar. 
 Took no degree. F.S.A., 14 Feb. 
 1839. F.R.S., 30 May 1839. Mem. 
 of Astronomical Soc. Started Cam- 
 bridge Antiquarian Soc, acting as 
 Secretary, 1840. Left Cambridge, 
 1840 ; settled in London with his 
 
HARDY— HARE 
 
 123 
 
 father. Edited • The Archaeologist ' 
 (with T. Wright), Sept. 1841 to June 
 1842. Married Henrietta Elizabeth 
 Molyneux Phillipps, 9 Aug. 1842. 
 Lived first in London, in his father's 
 house ; afterwards at Islip. Accused 
 of selling to British Museum manu- 
 scripts abstracted from Trin. Coll., 
 Camb., 1844. Removed to Brixton 
 Hill, 1852. Enthusiastic Shakespearian 
 student and collector. Instrumental 
 in purchase of Shakespeare's house, 
 Stratford-on-Avon, 1863. Wife in- 
 herited her father's estates in Worces- 
 tershire, 1867. She developed soften- 
 ing of brain as result of accident, 
 1872 ; he adopted additional name of 
 Phillipps, and management of Wor- 
 cestershire property. Wife died, 1879. 
 He married Mary Rice Hobbs, 1879. 
 Settled at HolHngbury, near Brighton, 
 1880. Hon. LL.D., Edinburgh, 1883. 
 Died, at HoUingbury, 3 Jan. 1889. 
 Buried in Patcham churchyard. 
 
 Works : Halliwell-Phillipps's publi- 
 cations (including both original works 
 and cases of editorship), dating from 
 1838 to 1881, number upwards of 270. 
 Of these the greater proportion are on 
 Shakespearian topics. A complete bib- 
 liography, compiled by Justin Winsor, 
 is published as No. 10 of * Bibliogra- 
 phical Contributions to the Library of 
 Harvard University.' A fairly repre- 
 sentative list is given in Allibone's 
 •Dictionary of English Literature.* 
 
 HAEDY (Thomas), b. 1840. Born, 
 near Dorchester, 2 June 1840. Arti- 
 cled as pupil to architect, 1856. To 
 London, 1862. Student at King's 
 Coll., 1865-66. Medal of Inst, of Brit. 
 Architects for Essay, 1863 ; Tite 
 Prize, 1863. Contrib. story to ' Cham- 
 bers's Journal,' 1865 ; frequent con- 
 tributor to periodicals since then. 
 Married Emma Lavinia Gifford, 17 
 Sept. 1874. Unsettled residence in 
 England, France and Germany, 1874- 
 82. Settled in Dorsetshire, 1883. 
 Visited Italy, 1887. J. P. for Dorset- 
 shire, 1894. Dramatized version 
 (written with J. Comyns Carr) of 
 * Far from the Madding Crowd,' pro- 
 duced at Prince of Wales's Theatre, 
 
 Liverpool, 27 Feb. 1882 ; at Globe 
 Theatre, London, May 1882; 'The 
 Three Wayfarers,' produced at Terry's 
 Theatre, 3 June 1893. Dramatized 
 version (by L. Stoddard) of 'Tess 
 of the D'Urbervilles,' produced at 
 Fifth Avenue Theatre, New York, 
 March 1897. 
 
 Works : ♦ Desperate Remedies ' 
 (anon.), 1871 ; * Under the Greenwood 
 Tree ' (anon.), 1872 ; 'A Pair of Blue 
 Eyes,' 1873; 'Far from the Madding 
 Crowd,' 1874; 'The Hand of Ethel- 
 berta,' 1876 ; * The Return of the 
 Native,' 1878 ; 'The Trumpet Major,' 
 1880 ; 'A Laodicean,' 1881 ; 'Two on 
 a Tower,' 1882 ; ' The Romantic Ad- 
 ventures of a Milkmaid' (reprinted, 
 in New York, from ' The Graphic '), 
 1884; 'The Major of Casterbridge,' 
 1886 ; * The Woodlanders,' 1887 ; 
 ♦ Wessex Tales,' 1888 ; ' The Melan- 
 choly Hussar* (in 'Three Notable 
 Stories '), 1890 ; 'A Group of Noble 
 Dames,' 1891 ; ' Tess of the D'Urber- 
 villes,' 1892; 'Life's Little Ironies,' 
 1894; 'Note* on William Barnes 
 (from ' Athenaeum '), and ballad ' The 
 Fire at Tranter Sweatley's' (from 
 ' Gentleman's Mag.'), in L. Johnson's 
 'Art of Thomas Hardy,' 1894 ; 'The 
 Spectre of the Real ' (with F. Henni- 
 ker, in the latter's ' In Scarlet and 
 Grey*), 1896; *Jude the Obscure,* 
 1896 ; 'The Well-Beloved,' 1897. 
 
 Collected Works : 1895, etc. 
 
 HARE (Augustus John Cuthbert), 
 b. 1834. Born, in Rome, 13 March 
 1834. Adopted by the widow of his 
 uncle Augustus [g.v.], Aug. 1835. 
 At private schools, spring 1841 to 
 Christmas 1846. At Harrow, Jan. 
 1847 to Easter 1848. Privately edu- 
 cated, Aug. J 848 to 1853. Matric. 
 Univ. Coll., Oxford, 16 March 1853 ; 
 B.A., 1856; M.A., 1859. Active 
 literary life. Has travelled much on 
 Continent and in England. Winters 
 usually spent abroad. Lectured in 
 Rome, winter 1869-70. Knight of St. 
 Olaf of Sweden, 27 Feb. 1879. Fre- 
 quent contributor to periodicals. Since 
 1880 has chiefly resided at Holmhurst, 
 near Hastings. 
 
124 
 
 HARE 
 
 Works : ' Epitaphs from Country 
 Churchyards,' 1856 ; ' Murray's Hand- 
 book for Berks, Bucks and Oxford- 
 shire,' 1860 ; ' A Winter at Mentone ' 
 [1862] ; * Murray's Handbook for 
 Durham and Northumberland,' 1863 ; 
 • Walks in Rome,' 1871 ; * Wander- 
 ings in Spain,' 1873 ; * Memorials of 
 a Quiet Life ' (3 vols. ), 1872-76 ; 'Days 
 Near Rome,' 1875 ; 'Cities of Northern 
 and Central Italy,' 1876 ; ' Walks in 
 London,' 1878 ; ' Life and Letters of 
 Frances, BaronessBunsen,' 1879 [1878]; 
 ' Cities of Southern Italy and Sicily,' 
 1883 ; ' Cities of Central Italy,' 1884 ; 
 •Cities of Northern Italy,' 1884; 
 'Florence,' 1884; 'Venice,' 1884; 
 •Sketches of Holland and Scandi- 
 navia,' 1885; 'Studies in Russia,' 
 1885; 'Paris,' 1887; 'Days near 
 Paris,' 1887 ; ' South-Eastern France,' 
 1890 ; ' South -Western France,' 1890 ; 
 •North-Eastern France,' 1890 ; 'The 
 Story of Two Noble Lives,' 1893 ; 
 •Sussex,' 1894; 'Life and Letters of 
 Maria Edgeworth,' 1894; 'West- 
 minster ' (from * Walks in London '), 
 1894 ; ' North-Western France,' 1895 ; 
 •Biographical Sketches,' 1895 ; 'The 
 Gurneys of Earlham,' 1895; 'The 
 Rivieras,' 1896 ; • The Story of My 
 Life' (autobiog.), vols, i.-iii., 1896. 
 
 HARE (Angustus William), 1792- 
 1834. [Uncle of preceding.] Born, 
 in Rome, 17 Nov. 1792. To England, 
 1797 ; brought up by his aunt, Lady 
 Jones, at Worting, near Basingstoke. 
 To Winchester as 'commoner,' 1804 ; 
 elected into College, 1806. Matric, 
 New Coll., Oxford, 3 July 1810 ; 
 Fellow, 1812-29 ; B.A., 1814 ; M.A., 
 1818. Travelled in Italy, 1817-18. 
 Returned to New Coll., as Tutor, 1822. 
 Ordained, 1825. Rector of Alton- 
 Barnes, Wilts, 1829-34. Married 
 Maria Leycester, 2 June 1829. To 
 Italy for health, winter of 1833. Died, 
 in Rome, 18 Feb. 1834; buried in 
 old Protestant Cemetery there. 
 
 Works : ' A Layman's Letter ' 
 (with J. C. Hare, anon.), 1824 ; 
 « Guesses at Truth ' (with J. C. Hare, 
 anon.), first series, 1827 ; ' Offences 
 in the Ministry,' 1832. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Sermons to a Coun- 
 try Congregation,' 1836 ; ' Guesses at 
 Truth ' (with J. C. Hare), 2nd series, 
 1847-48 ; 'The Alton Sermons,' 1874. 
 
 HARE (Julius Charles), 1795-1855. 
 [Brother of preceding,] Born, at 
 Valdagno, Italy, 13 Sept. 1795. To 
 England, 1799. At Tunbridge School, 
 1804. Removed owing to ill-health. 
 In Germany with parents, 1804-05. 
 At Charterhouse, 1806-12. To Trin. 
 Coll., Camb., 1812 ; B.A., 1816 ; 
 Fellow, Oct. 1818 ; M.A., 1819. In 
 Italy, winter 1818-19. Settled in 
 Temple to study law, 1819. Classical 
 Lecturer, Trin. Coll., Camb., 1822 ; 
 gave up law. Ordained, 1826. In 
 Italy 1831. Rector of Hurstmon- 
 ceaux, June 1832 to 1855. Edited 
 ' The Philological Museum,' 1832-33. 
 Select Preacher, Cambridt^e, 1839. 
 Archdeacon of Lewes, April 1840 to 
 1855. Married Esther Maurice, 1844. 
 Preb. of Chichester, Jan. 1851 to 1855. 
 Chaplain to Queen, June 1853 to 
 1855. Died, at Hurstmonceaux, 23 
 Jan. 1855 ; buried there. 
 
 Works : ' A Layman's Letter ' ( with 
 A. W. Hare; anon.), 1824; 'The 
 Children of Light,' 1828 ; 'A Vindi- 
 cation of Niebuhr's History of Rome,' 
 1829; 'A Funeral Sermon,' 1835; 
 ' The Better Prospects of the Church,' 
 1840 ; 'The Victory of Faith,' 1840 ; 
 ' Sermons preacht in Hurstmonceaux 
 Church' (2 vols.), 1841-49; 'Privi- 
 leges imply Duties,' 1842 ; ' The 
 Unity of the Church,' 1845; 'The 
 Mission of the Comforter,' 1846 ; 
 ' Vindication of the Chevalier Bunsen ' 
 [1846]; 'Guesses at Truth' (anon.; 
 with A. W. Hare ; 2 series), 1827-48 ; 
 'A Letter to the Dean of Chichester,* 
 1848 ; ' Thou shalt not bear false wit- 
 ness,' 1849 ; ♦ The True Remedy for 
 the Evils of the Age,' 1850 ; ' A few 
 words on the rejection of the Episco- 
 pal Bill, etc.,' 1850 ; 'A Letter to the 
 Hon. R. Cavendish,' 1850 (2nd edn. 
 same year) ; ' The Life of Luther,' 
 1855 ; 'Miscellaneous Pamphlets,' 
 1855. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Charges to the 
 Clergy of the Archdeaconry of Lewes,' 
 
HARRINGTON—HARRISON 
 
 125 
 
 1856 ; ' Sermons preacht on particular 
 occasions,' 1858 ; 'Fragments of two 
 Essays in English Philology,' 1873. 
 
 He translated : La Motte Fouque's 
 •Sintram,' 1820 ; Niebuhr's 'History 
 of Rome ' (with 0. Thirlwall), 1828-42 ; 
 ' English Hexameter Translations 
 from Schiller, Gothe, etc.,' 1847 ; and 
 edited : * Portions of the Psalms,' 
 1839 ; J. Sterling's ' Essays and 
 Tales,' 1848. 
 
 HARRINGTON (James), 1611-1677. 
 Bom, at Upton, Northamptonshire, 
 7 Jan. 1611. To Trin. Coll., Oxford, 
 1629. Took no degree. Travelled 
 in Holland, France and Italy ; at 
 Court of Elector Palatine in Holland. 
 Groom of Bedchamber to Charles I. 
 Married Miss Dorrel [or Dayrell ?]. 
 Formed Rota Club, to discuss theories 
 of his 'Oceana'; club existed, Nov. 
 1659 to Feb. 1660. Imprisoned in 
 Tower on political charge, 26 Nov. 
 1661. Sent to St. Nicholas Island, 
 1662; afterwards to Plymouth. After 
 bis release, settled in Westminster. 
 Died there, 11 Sept. 1677 ; buried in 
 St. Margaret's Church. 
 
 Works: 'Noah's Dove,' 1645; 
 * The Commonwealth of Oceana,' 
 1656 ; • The Prerogative of Popular 
 Government' (2 pts.), 1657-58 ; 'The 
 Stumbling Block of Disobedience ' 
 (anon.), 1658; 'Brief Directions of 
 Popular Government' (anon.), 1659 ; 
 ' A Discourse upon this saying : The 
 Spirit of the Nation is not yet to be 
 trusted with Liberty' [1659]; 'Aphor- 
 isms Political,' 1659 ; ' The Art of 
 Law-Giving, 1659; 'A Discourse 
 shewing, that the Spirit of Parlia- 
 ments ... is not to be trusted for a 
 settlement, etc.,' 1659 ; 'A Parallel 
 of the Spirit of the People,' 1659 ; 
 ' Politicaster,' 1659 ; ' Pour enclouer 
 le Canon,' 1659 ; ' Valerius and Pub- 
 licola,' 1659 ; ' The Wayes and 
 Meanes, whereby an equal and lasting 
 commonwealth may be . . . intro- 
 duced, etc.,' 1660; 'The Rota '(anon.), 
 1659; 'The Censure of the Rota 
 upon Mr. Milton's book,' 1660; 'A 
 Holy Oyl * (under initials : J. H. ), 
 1669. 
 
 He translated: 'Two of Virgil's 
 Eclogues and two books of his ^neis,' 
 1658 ; * Virgil's ^neis,' bks. iii.-vi, 
 1659. 
 
 Collected Worlcs : ed., with life, by 
 J. Toland, 1700. 
 
 HARRISON (Frederic), b. 1831. 
 Born, in London, 18 Oct. 1831. At 
 private school, 1841-44; at King's 
 Coll. School, Easter 1844 to July 1849. 
 Scholarship at Wadham Coll., Ox- 
 ford, June 1848 ; Matric, 26 April 
 1849 ; B.A., 1853 ; Fellow, 1854-70 ; 
 Tutor, 1854-56; M.A., 1859. Student 
 of Lincoln's Inn, 14 Jan. 1854 ; called 
 to Bar, 26 Jan. 1858. On Royal Com- 
 mission on Trade Unions, 1867-69. 
 Sec. to Royal Commission for Digest 
 of Law, 1869-70. Married Ethel 
 Bertha Harrison, 17 Aug. 1870. Joint- 
 founder of Positivist School, 1870. 
 Prof, of Jurisprudence and Int. Law 
 to Council of Legal Education, 1877- 
 89. Has contrib. to 'Westminster 
 Rev.,' 1860-64 ; to ' Fortnightly Rev.,' 
 from 1865 ; to 'Contemporary Rev.,' 
 from 1875 ; to ' Nineteenth Century,' 
 from 1877 ;to 'NewYork Forum, '1890- 
 97 ; to ' Positivist Rev.,' from 1893 ; 
 to ' Cosmopolis,' 1896. Pres. of Eng- 
 lish Positivist Committee, from 1880. 
 Alderman of London County Council, 
 Feb. 1889 to Oct. 1894. 
 
 Worl'S : ' The Meaning of History,' 
 1862; 'Sunday Evenings for the 
 People,' 1867; 'Martial Law' (from 
 'Daily News'), 1867 ; 'The Political 
 Function of the Working Classes,' 
 1868; 'Order and Progress,' 1875; 
 ' Science and Humanity ' [1879] ; 
 ♦The Present and the Future,' 1880 ; 
 ' Martial Law in Kabul ' (from ' Fort- 
 nightly Rev.'), 1880; 'Destination,' 
 1881 ; ' The Crisis in Egypt,' 1882 ; 
 •Sutton Place, Guildford' [1882]; 
 'Politics and a Human Religion,' 
 
 1885 ; 'The Choice of Books/ 1886 ; 
 ' Mr. Gladstone!— or Anarchy !'[1886] ; 
 ' A New Year's Address,' 1886 ; ' The 
 Positivist Library of Aug. Comte,' 
 
 1886 ; 'A New Year's Address,' 1887 ; 
 'Marriage,' 1887; 'Oliver Cromwell,' 
 1888 ; ' A New Year's Address,' 1888 ; 
 ' In Memoriam J. Cotter Morison, 
 
126 
 
 HARTE— HARTLEY 
 
 1888 ; 'The Centenary of the French 
 Revolution,' 1889 ; * A New Era/ 1889 ; 
 •In Memoriara Omnium Animarum,' 
 1890 ; ' The Industrial RepubUc,' 1890 ; 
 'Moral and Religious Socialism,' 1891; 
 
 • The Presentation of Infants,' 1891 ; 
 •Annals of an Old Manor House,' 
 1893; 'The Meaning of History,' 
 1894; 'Early Victorian Literature' 
 (2 series), 1895-97. 
 
 He has translated : Comte's * Social 
 Statics,' 1875; and edited: F. G. 
 Fleay's 'Three Lectures on Educa- 
 tion,' 1883 ; ' The New Calendar of 
 Great Men,' 1892 [1891]; Oarlyle'a 
 
 • Past and Present,' 1897. 
 
 HARTE (Francis Bret), b. 1839. 
 Born, at Albany, N. Y., 25 Aug. 
 1839. To California, 1854. Worked 
 successively as miner, school-teacher, 
 express messenger, printer, newspaper 
 editor. Major and Staff Officer of 
 Volunteers, Northern Californian 
 Indian War, 1862-63. Assistant- 
 Keeper of Archives, U.S. Surveyor 
 General Office, 1863. U.S. Deputy 
 Marshal for California, 1863. Sec. of 
 San Francisco branch of U.S.A. Mint, 
 1864-70. Edited ' Overland Monthly,' 
 July 1868-70. Prof, of Literature, 
 Univ. of California, 1870-71. To New 
 York, 1871. Subsequently lived at 
 Boston and Newport, R.I. On staff 
 of ' Atlantic Monthly,' 1872-73. U.S. 
 Consul at Crefeld, 1878-80 ; at Glas- 
 gow, March 1880 to July 1885. Of 
 late years has resided in England. 
 
 Works : ' The Lost Galleon, 1869 ; 
 •Condensed Novels,' 1870; 'That 
 Heathen Chinee ' (from ' Overland 
 Monthly '), 1871 ; ' The Luck of 
 Roaring Camp,' 1870 ; ' Poems,' 1871 ; 
 
 * East and West Poems,' 1871 ; 
 •Lothaw' [1871]; 'Stories of the 
 Sierras,' 1872 ; ' Mrs. Skaggs's Hus- 
 bands,' 1872 ; 'M'liss,' 1872 ; • Truth- 
 ful James and other poems ' [1872] ; 
 
 * Poetical Works ' [1872] ; • Complete 
 Works,' 1873 ; 'The Little Drummer ' 
 [1873] ; ' An Episode of Fiddletown ' 
 [1873]; 'Echoes of the Foot-Hills,' 
 
 1874 ; • The Fool of Five-Forks ' 
 [1875]; 'Tales of the Argonauts,' 
 
 1875 ; • The Pagan Child,' 1876 ; 
 
 'Wan Lee ' [1876] ; ' Gabriel Conroy * 
 [1876]; 'Two Men of Sandy Bar,' 
 1876 ; ' Thankful Blossom,' 1877 ; 
 ' The Hoodlum Band,' 1878 ; ' The 
 Story of a Mine ' [1877] ; ' My Friend 
 the Tramp ' [1878]; ' Drift from Two 
 Shores,' 1878 ; 'Jinny ' [1878] ; 'The 
 Man on the Beach ' [1878] ; ' The 
 Twins of Table Mountain,' 1879 ; ' An 
 Heiress of Red Dog,' 1879; 'Jeff 
 Briggs's Love-Story,' 1880 ; 'Complete 
 Works,' 1880, etc. ; 'Works,' 1882, 
 etc.; 'Flip,' 1882; 'In the Car- 
 quinez Woods,' 1883 ; • On the Fron- 
 tier,' 1884 ; * Californian Stories,' 
 1884; •Maruja,' 1885; 'By Shore 
 and Sedge,' 1885 ; ' The Queen of the 
 Pirate Isle,' 1886 ; ' Snow-Bound at 
 Eagle's,' 1886 ; ' Devil's Ford,' 1887 ; 
 • A Millionaire of Rough and Ready,' 
 1887 ; * The Crusade of the " Excel- 
 sior," ' 1887 ; ' The Argonauts of 
 North Liberty,' 1888 ; 'A Phyllis of 
 the Sierras, and a Drift from Redwood 
 Camp,' 1888; 'Cressy,' 1889; 'The 
 Heritage of Deadlow Marsh,' 1889 ; 
 ' A Ward of the Golden Gate,' 1890 ; 
 'A Waif of the Plains,' 1890; 'A 
 First Family of Tasajara,' 1891 ; ' A 
 Sappho of Green Springs,' 1891 ; 
 'Tales, Poems, and Sketches,' 1892; 
 •Colonel Starbottle's Client,' 1892 ; 
 'SaUy Dows,' 1893; 'Susy,' 1893; 
 ' A Protegee of Jack Hamlin's,' 1894 ; 
 'The Bell-Ringer of Angel's,' 1894 ; 
 ' Clarence,' 1895 ; ' In a Hollow of 
 the Hills,' 1895 ; ' Barker's Luck,' 
 1896. 
 
 He has edited : J. H. Mason's 
 ' Life of J. A. Garfield,' 1881. 
 
 HARTLEY (David), 1705-1767. 
 Born, at Luddenden, Halifax, June [?] 
 1705 ; baptized, 21 June. At Brad- 
 ford Grammar School. To Jesus 
 Coll., Camb., as 'ordinary sizar,' 21 
 April 1722; B.A., 14 Jan. 1726; 
 Fellow, 13 Nov. 1727 to 8 June 1730 ; 
 M.A., 17 Jan. 1729. Married, June 
 1730. Married second time, Nov. 
 1735 ; settled in London. Removed 
 to Bath, May 1742. Died there, 28 
 Aug. 1757. 
 
 Works : ' Some Reasons why the 
 Practice of Inoculation ought to be 
 
HAWES— HAWTHORNE 
 
 127 
 
 introduced into the town of Bury,' 
 1733 ; * Ten Cases of Persons who 
 have taken Mrs. Stephens's Medicines,' 
 1738 ; * A View of the present Evi- 
 dence for and against Mrs. Stephens's 
 Medicines,' 1739 ; ' De Lithotriptico a 
 Joanna Stephens nuper invento,' 1741 ; 
 
 * Observations on Man,' 1749 ; *Ad . . . 
 R. Mead, Epistola,' 1751. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Prayers, and Re- 
 ligious Meditations,' 1809. 
 
 Life : by his son, in 1791 edn. of 
 
 * Observations on Man.' 
 
 HAWES (Stephen), d. 1623 [1]. 
 Probably bom in Suffolk. Educated 
 at Oxford. Groom of Chamber to 
 Henry VII. Died, about 1523 [?]. 
 
 Works: ' The Passetyme of Pleasure,' 
 1506 ; * The Conversyon of Swerers,' 
 1509; 'A Joyful! Medytacyon ' [1509] ; 
 ' A Oompendyous story . . . called the 
 Example of Vertu ' [1512 ?] ; ' The 
 Comfort of Lovers,' n. d. 
 
 HAWKINS {Sir John), 1719-1789. 
 Born, in London, 30 March 1719. 
 Articled to an attorney. Contrib. to 
 'Gentleman's Mag.,' from 1739. Mem. 
 of Madrigal Soc, 1741 [?]. Perhaps 
 contrib. anonymously to * Universal 
 Spectator,' 1747. Mem. of Academy 
 of Ancient Music. Married Sidney 
 Storer, 1753. Gave up business as 
 attorney, 1769. J.P. for Middlesex, 
 1761 ; Chairman of Quarter Sessions, 
 19 Sept. 1765. Knighted, 23 Oct. 
 1772. Died, in Westminster, 21 
 May 1789 ; buried in cloisters of 
 Westminster Abbey. 
 
 WorJcs : * Observations on the 
 State of the Highways,' 1763 ; ' The 
 Principles and Power of Harmony ' 
 (anon.), 1771; 'The General History 
 of the Science and Practice of Music ' 
 (5 vols.), 1776 ; 'Dissertation on the 
 Armorial Ensigns of the County of 
 Middlesex,' 1780 ; * The Life of 
 Samuel Johnson,' 1787. 
 
 Posthumous : Contribution to * Poeti- 
 cal Miscellanies ' (anon.), 1790. 
 
 He edited : Walton's ' Compleat 
 Angler,' 1760 ; Johnson's Works, 
 1787-89. 
 
 HAWTHOBNE (Julian), b. 1846. 
 Born, in Boston, Mass., 22 June 
 1846. At school at Concord. In 
 Europe with parents, 1853-60. At 
 Harvard Coll., 1863-67 ; took no 
 degree. Studied Civil Engineering 
 at Cambridge, Mass., for a short 
 time in 1868, In Dresden, Oct. 
 1868 to 1870. Hydrographic En- 
 gineer in Docks Dept., New York, 
 1870-72. In Dresden, 1872-74; in 
 London, Sept. 1874 to Oct. 1881. On 
 staff of • Spectator.' Contrib. to 
 various magazines. In Ireland, winter 
 1881-82. To New York, March 1882. 
 Has resided there since. Literary 
 Editor of New York « World,' 1885. 
 Visit to Europe on Industrial Com- 
 mission, 1889. 
 
 Works: 'Bressant,' 1873 ; 'Idolatry,' 
 1874 ; • Garth,' 1875 ; ' Saxon Studies,' 
 1876; 'The Laughing Mill,' 1879; 
 ' Archibald Malmaison,' 1879 ; ' Ellice 
 Quentin,* 1880 ; * Prince Saroni's 
 Wife,' 1880 ; ' The Yellow Cap,' 1880 ; 
 * Sebastian Strome,' 1879 ; ' Fortune's 
 Fool,' 1883 ; ' Dust,' 1883 ; ' Beatrix 
 Randolph,' 1884 ; ' Noble Blood,' 
 
 1884 ; ' Nathaniel Hawthorne and his 
 Wife,'1885[1884] ; 'Love— or a Name?' 
 
 1885 ; ' Miss Cadogna,' 1885 ; ' John 
 Parmelee's Curse,' 1886 ; 'The Trial 
 of Gideon,' 1886; 'The Great Bank 
 Robbery,' 1887; 'Confessions and 
 Criticism,' 1887 ; 'An American Pen- 
 man,' 1888 ; * David Poindexter's Dis- 
 appearance,' 1888 ; 'A Dream and 
 a Forgetting,' 1888 ; ' Section 558,' 
 1888 ; ' The Spectre of the Camera,' 
 
 1888 ; ' A Tragic Mystery,' 1888 ; 
 ' Constance,' 1889 ; 'Another's Crime,' 
 
 1889 ; • Pauline,' 1890 ; ' An American 
 Monte Cristo,' 1893 [1892] ; ' Hu- 
 mours of the Fair,' 1893 ; 'The Con- 
 fessions of a Convict,' 1893 ; * A Fool 
 of Nature,' 1896. 
 
 He has edited: his father's 'Dr. 
 Grimshawe's Secret,' 1882. 
 
 HAWTHORNE (Nathaniel), 1804- 
 1864. [Father of preceding.] Bom, 
 in Salem, Mass., 4 July 1804. At 
 school there. At Raymond, Maine, 
 1818-19. At Salem, 1819-21. Is 
 sued weekly paper, 'The Spectator,' 
 
128 
 
 HAYWOOD 
 
 Aug. to Sept., 1820. To Bowdoin 
 Coll., Brunswick, 1821 ; B.A., 1825. 
 At Salem, engaged in literary pursuits, 
 1825-37. Contrib. to 'The Token,' 
 1831-38 ; 'New England Mag.,' 1834- 
 35 ; ' Knickerbocker,' 1837. Editor 
 of * The American Mag. of Useful 
 and Entertaining Knowledge,' 1836. 
 Contrib. to the 'Democratic Review,' 
 1838-46. Weigher and Ganger of 
 Customs at Boston, 1839-41. Joined 
 the ' Arcadia ' settlement at Brook 
 Farm, April 1841. Married Sophia 
 Amelia Peabody, 9 July 1842. Lived 
 at the Old Manse, Concord, Mass., 
 1842-46. At Salem, as Surveyor of 
 Customs, 1846 - 49. Removed to 
 Lennox, Mass., 1850 ; to West 
 Newton, near Boston, 1851 ; to 
 Concord, 1852. American Consul at 
 Liverpool, 1853 - 67 ; travelled on 
 Continent, 1857-59 ; returned to 
 America, 1860. Contrib. to 'Atlantic 
 Monthly,' 1860-64. Died, at Plymouth, 
 N. H., 18 May 1864. Buried at 
 Concord. 
 
 Works : * Fanshawe ' (anon. ), 1828 ; 
 'Twice-Told Tales,' 1st series, 1837 ; 
 2nd series, 1842 ; ' Grandfather's 
 Chair' (pt. i.), 1841 ('Famous Old 
 People,' 1841, and 'Liberty Tree,' 
 1842, extracted from preceding) ; 
 ' Biographical Stories for Children,' 
 1842 ; ' Mosses from an Old Manse ' 
 (2 vols.), 1846 ; 'The Scarlet Letter,' 
 1850 ; ' The House of the Seven 
 Gables,' 1851 ; ' True Stories from 
 History and Biography,' 1851 ; 'The 
 Wonder Book,' 1851; 'The Snow 
 Image, etc.,' 1851; 'The Blithedale 
 Romance,' 1852 ; * Life of Franklin 
 Pierce,' 1852 ; ' The Tanglewood 
 Tales,' 1853 ; 'A Rill from the Town 
 Pump,' 1857; 'The Marble Faun' 
 (English edn. called 'Transformation'), 
 1860; 'Our Old Home,' 1863; 'Pansie' 
 [1864]. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Tales' (2 vols.), 1866 ; 
 * Passages from the American Note- 
 books of Hawthorne,' 1868 ; 'Passages 
 from the English Note-books of Haw- 
 thorne,' 1870; 'Passages from the 
 French and Italian Note-books of 
 Hawthorne, 1871 ; 'Septimus Felton,' 
 1872 ; ' The Dolliver Romance,' 1876 ; 
 
 ' Tales of the White Hills,' 1877 ; 'A 
 Virtuoso's Collection, etc.,' 1877 ; 
 * Legends of New England,' 1877 ; 
 'Legends of the Province House,' 
 1877 ; ' Dr. Grimshawe's Secret,' 
 1883 ; ' Sketches and Studies,' 1883. 
 
 He edited: H. Bridge's 'Journal 
 of an African Cruiser,' 1865. 
 
 Collected Works : in 12 vols., 1883. 
 
 Life : by Henry James, 1880 ; by 
 Julian Hawthorne, 1885. 
 
 HAYWOOD (Mrs. Eliza) 1693 [?]- 
 1756. Born [Eliza Fowler], in London, 
 
 1693 [?]. Married to Haywood 
 
 early in life. First appeared as an 
 actress in Dublin, about 1715. Settled 
 in London. Play, ' The Fair Captive,' 
 produced at Lincoln's Inn Fields, 
 4 March 1721 ; 'A Wife to be Lett,' 
 at Drury Lane, 12 Aug. 1723 ; 
 ' Frederick Duke of Brunswick - 
 Lunenburgh,' at Lincoln's Inn Fields, 
 4 March 1729; 'Opera of Operas' 
 (written with W. Hatchett), Hay- 
 market, 1733. Voluminous writer of 
 fiction. Died, in London, 25 Feb. 
 1756. 
 
 Works : ' The Fair Captive,' 1721 ; 
 'The British Recluse,' 1722 ; ' Idalia,' 
 1723; 'Lassellia,' 1724; 'The Rash 
 Resolve,' 1724 (2nd. edn. same year) ; 
 ' Letters of a Lady of Quality,' 1724 ; 
 ' The Injur'd Husband,' 1724 ; 'Poems 
 on several occasions,' 1724 ; ' Love in 
 Excess,' 1724 (2nd-5th edns. same 
 year) ; ' A Wife to be Lett,' 1724 ; 
 'Works' (4 vols.), 1724 ; 'The Sur- 
 prise,' 1725 ; ' The Fatal Secret, 1725 ; 
 'The Disguis'd Prince' (anon.), 1725; 
 ' Fantomima,' 1725 ; ' The Tea Table,' 
 1725 ; ' Memoirs of a certain island 
 adjacent to Utopia ' (anon.), 1725 ; 
 ' Secret Histories, Novels and Poems,' 
 1725 (2nd edn. same year); 'The 
 Mercenary Lover ' (anon.), 1726 ; 
 ' The Secret History of the Present 
 Intrigues of the Court of Cara- 
 mania' (anon.), 1727; 'The Life of 
 Madam de Villesache,' 1727; 'The 
 Fair Hebrew' (anon.), 1729; 'Per- 
 secuted Virtue' (anon.), 1729 j 
 ' Frederick, Duke of Brunswick- 
 Lunenburgh, 1729 ; 'Love Letters on 
 all occasions,' 1730 ; ' The Unfortu- 
 
HAZLITT 
 
 129 
 
 nate Princess,' 1741 ; 'A Present for a 
 Servant Maid' (anon.), 1743; 'The Vir- 
 tuous Villager,' 1742 ; ' The Fortunate 
 Foundlings' (anon.), 1744 ; 'The Fe- 
 male Spectator' (24 pts.), 1744-46; 
 'The Parrot' (9 pts.), 1746; 'The 
 Fruitless Enquiry,' 1747 ; ' Epistles 
 for the Ladies ' (2 vols., anon.), 1749 ; 
 • The History of Miss Betsy Thought- 
 less,' 1751 ; ' The History of Jemmy 
 and Jenny Jessamy ' (anon.), 1753 ; 
 ' The Invisible Spy ' (under pseud, of 
 'Exploralibus'), 1755; 'The Wife' 
 (anon.), 1756; 'The Husband, in 
 Answer to the Wife ' (anon.), 1756. 
 
 Posthumous : ' History of Leonora 
 Meadowson ' (2 vols.), 1788. 
 
 She translated: 'Mary Stuart,' 
 1725 J Mme. de Gomez's 'La Belle 
 Assemblee ' [1732 ?], and L'Entretien 
 dea Beaux Esprits,' 1734 ; Chev. 
 Mouki's 'The Virtuous Villager' 
 (anon.), 1742. 
 
 HAZLITT (Wmiam), 1778-1830. 
 Bom, at Maidstone, 10 April 1778. 
 In Ireland with parents, 1780-83 ; in 
 America, 1783-87. Privately educated 
 for some years. At Hackney Uni- 
 tarian Coll., 1793-97. Visit to Cole- 
 ridge, 1798. Began to study painting. 
 In Paris, winter 1802-03. Painted 
 rarious portraits on his return. Mar- 
 ried Sarah Stoddart, 1 May 1808. 
 Settled at Winterslow. Removed to 
 London, 1812. Lectured at Russell 
 Institution, Jan. 1812. Parliamentary 
 Reporter to * Morning Chronicle,' 
 1812-14 ; dramatic critic to same, 
 1814-16. Friendship with Lamb and 
 Leigh Hunt. Contrib. to ' The 
 Champion,' 1814-16; to 'The Ex- 
 aminer,' 1814-27 ; to * Edinburgh Re- 
 view,' 1814-30 ; to 'The Yellow Dwarf,' 
 Jan. to May 1818 ; to 'Scots Mag.' 
 1819; to 'Atlas,' 1829-30; to 'Lon- 
 don Mag.,' 1821 ; to ' New Monthly 
 Mag.,' 1822-80; to 'The Liberal,' 
 1822-23. Lectured at Surrey Institu- 
 tion, 1818, 1819-20. Separated from 
 his wife, 1819. In Scotland, arranging 
 for a divorce from her under Scotch 
 law, spring of 1822 ; matter settled, 
 June 1822. Married Mrs. Bridge- 
 water, 1824. Travelled on Continent, 
 
 Sept. 1824 to Oct. 1825. Parted from 
 second wife, Nov. 1825. Died, in 
 London, 18 Sept. 1830. 
 
 Works : ' An Essay on the Prin- 
 ciples of Human Actions' (anon.), 
 1805; 'Free Thoughts on Public 
 Affairs ' (anon.), 1806 ; ' Reply to the 
 Essay on Population by . . . Mal- 
 thus' (anon.), 1807; 'A New and 
 Improved Grammar of the English 
 Tongue,' 1810 ; ' The Round Table ' 
 (with Leigh Hunt ; from ' Examiner *; 
 2 vols.), 1817 ; ' Characters of Shake- 
 speare's plays,' 1817 ; ' A View of the 
 English Stage ' (from ' Morning 
 Chronicle'), 1818 (another edn. en- 
 larged, called ' Criticisms and Dra- 
 matic Essays,' 1851); 'Lectures on 
 the English Poets,' 1818 ; * Lectures 
 on the English Comic Writers,' 1819 ; 
 'Letter to W. Gifford,' 1819; 'Po- 
 litical Essays,' 1819 ; * Lectures chiefly 
 on the Dramatic Literature of the reign 
 of Queen Elizabeth,' 1820; 'Table 
 Talk' (2 vols.), 1821-22; 'Liber 
 Amoris' (anon.), 1823; 'Character- 
 istics ' (anon.), 1823 ; * Select British 
 Poets,' 1824 (suppressed ; another 
 edn. called 'Select Poets of Great 
 Britain,' 1825) ; ' Sketches of the 
 Principal Picture Galleries in Eng- 
 land' (anon.), 1824 (enlarged edn 
 called ' Criticisms on Art,' 1843-44) 
 ' The Spirit of the Age ' (anon.), 1825 
 'The Plain Speaker' (anon), 1826 
 ' Notes of a Journey through France 
 and Italy ' (anon., from 'Morning 
 Chronicle'), 1826 (another edn., with 
 author's name, tame year) ; ' The Life 
 of Napoleon Buonaparte,' vols, i., ii., 
 1828 ; vols, iii., iv., 1830. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Literary Remains ' 
 (2 vols.), 1836 ; * Painting and the 
 Fine Arts ' (from ' Encycl. Brit.'), 
 1838; 'Sketches and Essays,' 1839 
 (another edn., called ' Men and Man- 
 ners,' 1852) ; ' Winterslow : essays 
 and characters,' 1850; 'Dramatic 
 Essays,' ed. by W. Archer and R. W. 
 Lowe, 1895 [1894]. 
 
 He edited : an abridgement of A. 
 Tucker's 'Light of Nature' (anon.), 
 1807; 'Eloquence of the British 
 Senate' (anon.), 1807; 'Memoir of 
 T. Holcroft' (anon.), 1/^16; 'Conver- 
 
130 
 
 HEBER— HEMANS 
 
 sations of J. Northcote,' 1830 ; North- 
 cote's • Life of Titian,' 1830. 
 
 Life : by W. Carew Hazlitt, 1867. 
 
 HEBER (Reginald), Bishop of Cal- 
 cutta. 1783-1826. Born, at Malpas, 
 Cheshire, 21 April 1783. First educa- 
 tion at Whitchurch Grammar School ; 
 with private tutor, 1796-1800. Ma- 
 tric, Brasenose Coll., Oxford, 8 Nov. 
 1800; Latin verse prize, 1800; Newdi- 
 gate, 1803 ; B.A., 1804 ; Fellow of 
 All Souls, 1804 ; English Essay, 1805 ; 
 M.A., 1808. Travelled in Germany, 
 Russia and Crimea, 1805-07. Or- 
 dained, 1807 ; Vicar of Hodnet, 1807- 
 23. Married Amelia Shipley, April 
 1809. Contrib. to 'Christian Ob- 
 server' and 'Quarterly Rev.' Pre- 
 bendary of St. Asaph, 1812. Bamp- 
 ton Lecturer, Oxford, 1815. Preacher 
 at Lincoln's Inn, 1822. D.D,, Oxford, 
 by diploma, 10 Feb. 1823. Bishop of 
 Calcutta, 1823. Died, at Trichinopoly, 
 3 April 1826. Buried there. 
 
 Works : ' A Sense of Honour ' 
 (prize essay), 1805 ; ' Palestine ' 
 (Newdigate poem), 1807; 'Europe,' 
 1809 (2nd edn. same year) ; ' Poems,' 
 1812 ; 'The Personality and Office of 
 the Christian Comforter' (Bampton 
 lectures), 1816. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Hymns,' edited by 
 his wife, 1827; 'Narrative of a 
 Journey through the upper Provinces 
 of India' (2 vols.), 1828; 'Sermons 
 preached in England,' ed. by Mrs. 
 Heber, 1829 ; 'Sermons preached in 
 India,' ed. by Mrs. Heber, 1830; 
 * Sermons,' ed. by Sir R. H. Inglis 
 (3 vols.), 1837 ; ' Poetical Works,' 
 1841. 
 
 He edited: Jeremy Taylor's works, 
 1822. 
 
 Life : by Mrs. Heber (including 
 correspondence and some unpublished 
 works), 1830 ; by G. Smith, 1895. 
 
 HELPS {Sir Arthur), 1813-1875. 
 Born, at Balham Hill, Streatham, 10 
 July 1813. At Eton, 1829-32. Ma- 
 tric. Trin. Coll., Camb., 1832; B.A., 
 1835; M.A., 1839. Priv. Sec. to 
 Chancellor of Exchequer, 1836[?]-39 ; 
 to Sec. for Ireland, 1839. Commis- 
 sviner of French, Danish and Spanish 
 
 Claims. Married Bissel Fuller. 
 Clerk of Privy Council, June 1860 
 to March 1875. Hon. D.C.L., Ox- 
 ford, 8 June 1864. C.B., June 1871; 
 K.C.B., July 1872. Died, in London, 
 7 March 1875. 
 
 Works: 'Thoughts in the Cloister 
 and the Crowd ' (anon.), 1835 ; 'Essays 
 written in the intervals of Business' 
 (anon.), 1841; 'Catherine Douglas' 
 (anon.), 1843; 'King Henry IL' 
 (anon.), 1843 ; ' The Claims of Labour ' 
 (anon.), 1844; 'Friends in Council,' 
 ser. i. (2 pts.), 1847-49; ser. ii., 1859; 
 'A Letter from one of the Special Con- 
 stables in London' (anon.), 1848; 
 ' The Conquerors of the New World ' 
 (anon.), 1848 ; ' Companions of my 
 Solitude ' (anon. ), 1851 ; ' A Letter on 
 " Uncle Tom's Cabin " ' (anon.), 1852 ; 
 
 * The Spanish Conquest in America ' 
 (4 vols.), 1855-61 ; ' Oulita the Serf ' 
 (anon.), 1858 ; 'Organization in Daily 
 Life' (anon.), 1862; 'Life of Las 
 Casas,' 1868 [1867]; 'Realmah' 
 (anon.), 1868; 'Life of Columbus' 
 (with H. P. Thomas), 1869 ; ' Life of 
 Pizarro,' 1869; 'Casimir Maremma' 
 (anon.), 1870 ; ' Brevia ' (anon.), 1871 ; 
 ' Conversations on War ' (anon.), 1871 ; 
 ' Life of Hernando Cortes,' 1871 ; 
 ' Life and Labours of Mr. Brassey,' 
 1872 (3rd edn. same year) ; 'Thoughts 
 upon Government,' 1872 ; ' Some Talk 
 about Animals' (anon.), 1873 ; 'Ivan 
 de Biron ' (anon. ), 1874 ; ' Social Pres- 
 sure ' (anon.), 1875. 
 
 He edited: the Prince Consort's 
 
 * Speeches,' 1862 ; the Queen's ' Leaves 
 from the Journal of our Life in the 
 Highlands,' 1868 ; the Queen's ' Moun- 
 tain, Loch and Glen,' 1869 ; T. 
 Brassey's * Work and Wages,' 1872. 
 
 HEMANS {Mrs. Felicia Dorothea), 
 1793-1836. Born [Felicia Dorothea 
 Browne], in Liverpool, 25 Sept. 1793. 
 Family removed to Gwrych, Noith 
 Wales, 1800. Educated there. Early 
 precocity ; a volume of poems pub. , 
 1808. Married to Capt. Hemans, 
 1812 ; separated from him, 1818. 
 Contrib. to ' Edinburgh Monthly 
 Mag.,' 1820. Prize Poem, Royal Soc. 
 of Literature, 1821. Tragedy, 'Tha 
 
HENLEY— HERBERT 
 
 131 
 
 Vespers of Palermo," produced at 
 Co vent Garden, 12 Dec. 1823. Con- 
 trib. to 'Blackwood's Mag.,' and ' Col- 
 burn's Mag.' Life mainly spent in 
 Wales till 1828; removed to Liverpool, 
 1828; to Dublin, 1831. Died, in 
 Dublin, 16 May 1835 ; buried in St. 
 Anne's Church. 
 
 Works: 'Poems,' 1808; 'England 
 and Spain,' 1808; 'The Domestic 
 Affections,' 1812; 'The Restoration 
 of the Works of Art to Italy,' 1816 ; 
 'Modem Greece* (anon.), 1817; 
 ' Translations from Camoens and other 
 poets' (anon.), 1818; 'Tales and 
 Historic Scenes,' 1819 ; ' The Meeting 
 of Bruce and Wallace,' 1819 ; 'The 
 Sceptic,' 1820 ; 'Superstition and 
 Error,' 1820 ; ' Stanzas on the Death 
 of the late King,' 1820 ; 'Dartmoor,' 
 1821; 'Welsh Melodies,' 1822; 'The 
 Vespers of Palermo' (anon.), 1823 ; 
 ' The Siege of Valencia,' 1823 ; ' Lays 
 of Many Lands,' 1825 ; 'The Forest 
 Sanctuary,' 1825; * Poems' (Ameri- 
 can edn.), 1825 ; 'Records of Women,' 
 1828 (2nd edn. same year) ; 'Songs 
 of the Affections,' 1830 ; 'Hymns on 
 the Works of Nature,' 1833 ; ' Hymns 
 for Childhood,' 1834 ; 'National Lyrics 
 and Songs for Music,' 1834 ; 'Scenes 
 and Hymns of Life,' 1834. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by Mrs. 
 Hughes (7 vols.), 1839. 
 
 Life : by Mrs. Hughes, 1839 ; by 
 W. M. Rossetti, in 1873 edn. of 
 ♦Works.' 
 
 HENLEY (William Ernest), b. 
 1849. Born, at Gloucester, 1849. 
 Educated at Crypt Grammar School 
 (intermittently, on account of ill- 
 health), 1861-67. Contrib. to London 
 periodicals from 1869. Married Anna 
 Boyle, 1878. Editor of 'London,' 
 1877-78 ; of 'Mag. of Art,' 1882-86 ; 
 of 'Scots Observer' (afterwards 
 
 * National Observer '), 1888-94. Play, 
 
 * Beau Austin ' (written with R. L. 
 Stevenson), produced at Haymarket 
 Theatre, 3 Nov. 1890. LL.D., St. 
 Andrews, 1893. Editor of 'New 
 Review ' since Jan. 1895. 
 
 Works : * Memorial Cat. of French 
 and Dutch Loan Collections, Edin- 
 
 burgh Internat. Exhbn. of 1886,' 
 1887; 'A Book of Verses,' 1888; 
 •The Graphic Gallery of Shake- 
 speare's Heroines,' 1888; 'Pictures 
 at Play ' (anon. ; attrib. to A. Lang 
 and W. E. Henley), 1888 ; 'A Cen- 
 tury of Artists,' 1889 ; 'Views and 
 Reviews,' 1890 ; ' Lyra Heroica,' 1892 
 [1891] ; • Three Plays ' (with R. L. 
 Stevenson), 1892 ; ' The Song of the 
 Sword,' 1892 (2nd edn., called : 'Lon- 
 don Voluntaries, etc.,' 1893) ; 'A Book 
 of English Prose ' (with C. Whibley), 
 1894; 'A London Garland,' 1895; 
 'Macaire' (with R. L. Stevenson), 
 1895. 
 
 He has edited : ' The Tudor Trans- 
 lations,' 1892-96 ; 'English Classics,' 
 1894-96 ; ' The Poetry of Robert 
 Burns ' (with T. F. Henderson), 1896- 
 97 ; Byron's Works, 1897, etc 
 
 HERBERT (Edward), Lord Herbert 
 of Gherhury, 1583-1648. Born, at 
 Eyton-on-Severn, 3 March 1583. At 
 school in Shropshire, 1594-96. Matric. 
 Univ. Coll., Oxford, June 1596. 
 Married Mary Herbert, 28 Feb. 1599. 
 To London, 1600. Knight of the 
 Bath, 24 July 1603. M.P. for Meri- 
 onethshire, 1604-11. Sheriff of Mont- 
 gomeryshire, 1605. Travelled abroad, 
 1608-09 and 1610. Served in army of 
 Prince of Orange, 1614 ; abroad, 
 1614-17. English Ambassador at 
 Paris, 1619-24. Created Lord Castle- 
 island of Kerry, 1624 ; Lord Herbert 
 of Cherbury, 7 May 1629. Mem. of 
 Council of War, 27 June 1632. Re- 
 tired to Montgomery Castle, 1642. 
 Obliged to cede it to Parliamentary 
 army, Sept. 1644. To London, Oct. 
 1644 ; obtained pension from Parlia- 
 ment. Steward of Duchy of Corn- 
 wall and Warden of Stannaries, 26 
 Oct. 1646. Died, in London, 20 Aug. 
 1648. Buried in St. Giles-in-the- 
 Fields. 
 
 Works : 'De Veritate' (Paris), 1624 
 (London, 1633) ; ♦ De Causis Errorum, 
 etc.,' 1645. 
 
 Posthumous : *The Life and Reigne 
 
 of King Henry the Eighth,' 1649 ; 
 
 'Expeditio in Ream insulam,' 1656 ; 
 
 •De Religione Gentilium,' 1663; 
 
 9-2 
 
182 
 
 HERBERT— HEYWOOD 
 
 * Occasional Verses,' 1665 ; 'The Life 
 of Edward, Lord Herbert of Cherbury, 
 written by himself ' (ed. by Horace 
 Walpole), 1764 ; ' A Dialogue between 
 a Tutor and a Pupil,' 1768. 
 
 HERBERT (George), 1593-1633. 
 [Brother of preceding.] Born, at 
 Montgomery Castle, 3 April 1593. At 
 Westminster School, 1605 [?]-09 ; 
 King's Scholar, 5 May 1609. Matric, 
 Trin. Coll., Camb., 18 Dec. 1609; 
 B.A., 1613 ; M.A., 1616 ; Minor 
 Fellow, 3 Oct. 1614 ; Major Fellow, 
 15 March 1616 ; Prelector in School 
 of Rhetoric, 1618 ; Deputy Public 
 Orator, 21 Oct. 1619 ; Public Orator, 
 18 Jan. 1619 to 1627. Contrib. to 
 'Cambridge Elegies,' 1612, 1619. Pre- 
 bend, of Layton Ecclesia, 1625. Mar- 
 ried Jane Danvers, 5 March 1629. 
 Rector of Fugglestone-with-Bemerton, 
 Wilts, April 1630. Died, at Bemer- 
 ton, 3 March 1633. Buried in Bemer- 
 ton church. 
 
 Works : * Parentalia,'1627 ; 'Oratio, 
 qua . . . Principis Caroli Reditum ex 
 Hispaniis celebravit Georgius Herbert,' 
 1623. 
 
 Posthumous : * The Temple ' (priv. 
 ptd. ; only one copy known), 1633 (two 
 other edns., publicly ptd., same year) ; 
 ' Jacula Prudentum,' 1651 (originally 
 pubd. in 'Witt's Recreation,' 1640, 
 as ♦ Outlandish Proverbs ') ; * Her- 
 bert's Remains,' 1652 ; ' Musse Re- 
 sponsorise ad Andrese Melvini Sooti 
 Anti-Tami-Cami-Categoriam ' (pubd. 
 as appendix to Vivian's * Ecclesiastes 
 Soloraonis '), 1662. 
 
 He translated : Cornaro's ' Treatise 
 of Temperance,' 1634 ; J. de Valdes' 
 'Hundred and Ten Considerations,' 
 1638. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by Grosart 
 (3 vols.), 1874 ; ed. by R. A. Wilmott, 
 1893. 
 
 Life : by Izaak Walton, 1670. 
 
 HERRICE (Robert), 1591-1674. 
 Born, in London, July [?] 1591 ; bap- 
 tized, 24 Aug. Probably educated at 
 Westminster School ; and at St. 
 John's Coll., Camb. Removed to 
 Trinity Hall, 1616; B.A., 1617; 
 M.A., 1620. Rector of Dean Prior, 
 
 Devonshire, 2 Oct. 1629 to 1647. De- 
 prived of living, 1647 ; returned 
 to London. Restored to living, 24 
 Aug. 1662. Died, at Dean Prior, 
 Oct. 1674 ; buried in Dean Prior 
 church, 15 Oct. 
 
 Works : ' King Obron's Feast ' 
 (anon. ; in 'A Description of the 
 King and Queene of Fayries ')> 1635 ; 
 'His Mistris Shade' (anon. ; in 
 Shakespeare's * Poems '), 1640 ; ' Hes- 
 perides' (with 'Noble Numbers'), 
 1648 ; Poems in * Lacrymae Musa- 
 rum,' 1649; Poems in 'Witt's Re- 
 creations,' 1650. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by Lord Dun- 
 drennan (2 vols.), 1823 ; by Grosart 
 (3 vols.), 1876; by A. W. Pollard, 
 1891 ; by Saintsbury (2 vols.), 1893. 
 
 HEYWOOD(Jolin), 1497[1]-1580[1]. 
 Born, in London [?], 1497 [?]. Chor- 
 ister at Chapel Royal. Possibly at 
 Broadgates Hall (afterwards Pem- 
 broke Coll.), Oxford. Musician and 
 provider of Court entertainments. 
 Married. Later life probably spent at 
 Malines. Died, about 1580 [?]. 
 
 Works: *A Mery Play between 
 the Pardoner and the Frere,' 1533 
 (anon. ; only one copy known) ; * A 
 Mery Play between Johan the Hus- 
 band, Tyb the Wife, and Sir Jhan the 
 Priest,' 1533 (anon. ; only one copy 
 known) ; ' The Play of the Wether,' 
 1533 ; ' The Play of Love,' [1533] ; ' Of 
 Gentylnes and Nobylyte ' (anon. ; 
 attrib. to Heywood) [1535]; 'The 
 Four P.P.' [1545 ?] ; 'A dialogue 
 conteining the number in effect of all 
 the proverbes in the Englishe tongue ' 
 [1549]; 'The Spider and the FUe,' 
 1556. 
 
 Posthumous : * A Dialogue on Wit 
 and Folly,' ed. F. W. Fairholt, 
 1846. 
 
 HEYWOOD (Thomas), 1575 [1]- 
 1650 [T]. Born, in Lincolnshire, 
 1575 [?]. Probably educated at Peter- 
 house, Camb. A member of Hens- 
 lowe's company of players ; of Earl 
 of Southampton's company ; and of 
 Earl of Worcester's (afterwards the 
 Queen's) company. Voluminous writer 
 
HOBBES 
 
 133 
 
 of plays. Translated several Latin 
 classical works. Died, 1650 [?]. 
 
 Works : • If you know not me, you 
 know nobody ' (2 pts. ), 1606 ; ' A 
 Woman kilde with Kindnesse,' 1607 ; 
 'The Fair Maid of the Exchange' 
 (anon.), 1607 ; ' The Rape of Lucrece,' 
 1608; *TroiaBritannica,' 1609; 'The 
 Golden Age,' 1611 ; 'An Apology for 
 Actors,' 1612 ; 'A Funeral Elegy on 
 the Death of Prince Henry,' 1613 ; 
 'The first and second parts of King 
 Edward the Fourth' (anon.), 1613; 
 ' A Marriage Triumph ' on the Nup- 
 tials of the Prince Palatine, 1618 ; 
 ' The Silver Age,' 1613 ; ' The Brazen 
 Age,' 1613 ; ' The Four Prentices of 
 London,' 1615 ; ' The Captives,' 1624 ; 
 • TvvaiKeiov,' 1624 ; 'England's Eliza- 
 beth,' 1631 ; 'The Fair Maid of the 
 West,' 1631 ; ' Eromena,' 1632 ; 'The 
 Iron Age,' 1632 ; 'The English Tra- 
 veller,' 1633; 'A Maidenhead Well 
 Lost,' 1634; 'The Late Lancashire 
 Witches' (with R. Brome), 1634; 
 'The Hierarchy of the Blessed Angels,' 
 1635; 'Philocothonista,'1635; 'Love's 
 Maistresse,' 1636; 'A Challenge for 
 Beauty,' 1636; 'The Royall King,' 
 1637; 'A True Description of His 
 IMajesty's Royal Ship,' 1637 ; ' A 
 Curtain Lecture' (under initials: 
 T. H.), 1637; 'Pleasant Dialogues 
 and Dramas,' 1637 ; 'The Royal King 
 and the Loyal King,' 1637 ; 'Porta 
 Pietatis,' 1638; 'The Wise Woman 
 of Hogsdon,' 1638 ; 'Londini Status 
 Placatus,' 1639; 'The Exemplary 
 Lives ... of Nine of the most worthy 
 Women of the World,' 1640; 'The 
 Life of Merlin,' 1641 ; 'Machiavtl' 
 (anon.), 1641 ; 'Fortune by Land and 
 Sea ' (with Rowley), 1655. 
 
 He translated : ' Two . . . notable 
 Histories ' of Sallust, 1608 ; and 
 edited : Lydgate's ' Life and Death 
 of Hector,' 1614 ; Cooke's 'Greene's 
 Tu Quoque,' 1622 ; Sir R. Barckley's 
 'Felicitie of Man,' 1631 ; Marlowe's 
 ' Jew of Malta,' 1633. 
 
 Collected Works: in 6 vols,, with 
 memoir, 1874. 
 
 HOBBES (Thomas), 1588 - 1679. 
 Bom, at Westport, Wilts, 5 April 
 
 1588. At school at Westport, 1592- 
 96 ; thence to Malmesbury, 1596, and 
 afterwards at another school at West- 
 port. To Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 
 1603 ; B.A., 5 Feb. 1608. Tutor and 
 secretary to William Cavendish, son of 
 first Earl of Devonshire, 1608-28; 
 travelled abroad with him, 1610. 
 Travelling tutor to son of Sir Gervase 
 Clifton, 1629-31. Tutor to third Earl 
 of Devonshire, 1631-40. Travelled 
 abroad with him, 1634-37. Fled to 
 Paris at meeting of Long Parliament, 
 Nov. 1640. Remained there till 1651, 
 when he retreated to England in con- 
 sequence of complications caused by 
 publication of ' Leviathan.' Resumed 
 post of secretary to Earl of Devonshire, 
 1663. Pension of £100 from Charles 
 II. at Restoration. Lived in London 
 till 1675 ; remainder of life spent at 
 country seats of Earl of Devonshire. 
 Died, at Hardwick, Derbyshire, 4 
 Dec. 1679. Buried in Hault Hucknall 
 Church. 
 
 Works : ' De Mirabilibus Pecci ' 
 [1636?]; 'Elementorum Philosophise 
 sectio tertia de Cive ' (under initials : 
 T.H.), 1642 ; 'Tractatus Opticus' (in 
 Mersenne's * Cogitata Physico-Mathe- 
 matica'), 1644 ; 'Humane Nature,' 
 1650; 'De Corpore Politico,' 1650; 
 'Epistle to Davenant,' 1651; 'Le- 
 viathan,' 1651 ; 'Of Liberty and 
 Necessity,' 1654 ; 'Elementorum Philo- 
 sophiae sectio prima de Corpore,' 1655 ; 
 ' A Brief e of the Art of Rhetorique ' 
 (anon.), [1655 ?] ; 'Questions concern- 
 ing Liberty, Necessity and Chance,* 
 1656 ; * ^Tiy/iai 'Ayew/ierptaj,' 1657 ; 
 ' Elementorum Philosophise sectio 
 secunda de Homine,' 1658 ; ' Exami- 
 natio et Emendatio Mathematicse 
 Hodiemae,' 1660; 'Dialogus Physicus,' 
 1661; 'ProblemataPhysica,' 1662; 'Mr. 
 Hobbes considered,' 1662 ; ' De Prin- 
 cipiis et Ratiocinatione Geometrarum,* 
 1666; 'Quadratura Circuli,' 1669; 
 'Rosetum Geometricum,' 1671 ; Three 
 Papers presented to the Royal Society 
 attacking Dr. Wallis, 1671 ; * Lux 
 Mathematica' (under initials: R. R.), 
 1672 ; 'Principiaet Problemata aliquot 
 Geometrica* (under initials; T. H.), 
 1674 ; • Decameron Physiologicum,' 
 
134 
 
 HOGG-HOLMES 
 
 1678 ; * Behemoth ' (written, and sup- 
 pressed, 1668), privately published, 
 1679 ; publicly (under initials : T. H.), 
 1680 ; 'Vita, authore seipso,' 1679. 
 
 Posthumous : ' An Historical Narra- 
 tion concerning Heresie,' 1680 ; * T. H. 
 Malraesb. Vita' (in ' Vitae Hobbianae 
 Auctarium'), 1681 ; 'Dialogue between 
 a Philosopher and a Student of the 
 Common Law,* 1681 ; 'An Answer to 
 . . . The Catching of the Leviathan,' 
 1682 ; 'Hobbes's Tripos,' 1684 ; 'His- 
 toria Ecclesiastica,' 1688. 
 
 He translated : ' Thucydides,' 1629 ; 
 Homer's ' Iliad and Odyssey,' 1675. 
 
 Collected Works : * Opera Philo- 
 Bophica,' 1668 ; ' Moral and Political 
 Works,' ed. by J. Campbell, 1750 ; 
 Complete Works, ed. by Sir W. 
 Molesworth (16 vols.), 1839-45. 
 
 Life : by G. C. Robertson, 1886. 
 
 HOGQ (James), 1770-1835. Born, 
 at Ettrick, Selkirkshire, 1770 ; bap- 
 tized, 9 Dec. 1770. Employed as 
 Bhepherd in various quarters till 1800. 
 Managed his father's farm at Ettrick, 
 1801-03. Made unsuccessful attempts 
 at sheep-farming on his own account. 
 Having by this time published some 
 poems, settled in Edinburgh, 1810, to 
 take up literary career. Ed. 'The 
 Spy,' Sept. 1810 to 1811. Presented 
 by Duke of Buccleuch with the farm 
 of Eltrive Lake, Yarrow, 1816. Settled 
 there. Helped to start ' Blackwood's 
 Mag.,' 1817 ; became frequent contri- 
 butor. Married Margaret Phillips, 
 1820. Visit to London, 1832. Enter- 
 tained at a public dinner there ; 
 also at Peebles in 1833. Died, 21 Nov. 
 1835. Buried in Ettrick churchyard. 
 
 Works: ' Scottish Pastorals,' 1801 ; 
 ' The Shepherd's Guide,' 1807 ; * The 
 Mountain Bard,' 1807; 'The Forest 
 Minstrel ' (mainly by Hogg), 1810 ; 
 'The Queen's Wake,' 1813; 'The 
 Hunting of Badlewe ' (under pseud, of 
 ♦J. H. Craig'), 1814 ; *The Pilgrims 
 of the Sun,' 1815; 'Mador of the 
 Moor,' 1816; 'The Poetic Mirror' 
 (anon.), 1816; 'Dramatic Tales' 
 (anon.), 1817; 'The Long Pack' 
 (anon.), 1817; 'The Brownie of Bods- 
 beck' (2 vols.), 1818 ; 'Jacobite Relics 
 
 of Scotland' (2 vols.), 1819-20; 
 ♦Winter Evening Tales,' 1820; 'The 
 Royal Jubilee' (anon.), 1822; 'The 
 Three Perils of Man' (3 vols.), 1822 ; 
 ' The Three Perils of Women' (3 vols.), 
 1823; *The Private Memoirs and 
 Confessions of a Justified Sinner' 
 (anon.), 1824 ; ' Queen Hynde,' 1825 ; 
 ' The Shepherd's Calendar,' 1829 ; 
 ♦ Songs ' (anon.), 1831 ; 'Altrive Tales,' 
 1832 ; ' A Queer Book' (anon.), 1832; 
 'A Series of Lay Sermons,' 1834; 
 ' The Domestic Manners and Private 
 Life of Sir Walter Scott,' 1834 ; 
 'Tales of the Wars of Montrose,' 
 1835. 
 
 Collected Works: in 2 vols., ed. by 
 Blackie, withli/e by Rev. T. Thomson, 
 1865-66. 
 
 HOLINSHED (Raphael), 1520 [?]- 
 1580 [?]. Born, probably in Cheshire, 
 about 1520 [?]. Worked in printing 
 office of Reginald Wolfe. ' Chronicle ' 
 begun about 1574. Died, 1580 [?]. 
 
 Works: 'The . . . Chronicles of 
 England, Scotlande, and Irelande' (3 
 vols.), 1577. 
 
 HOLMES (Oliver Wendell), 1809- 
 1894. Born, at Cambridge, Mass., 
 29 Aug. 1809. At schools at Cam- 
 bridge and Andover, 1819-25. To 
 Harvard University, summer of 1825 ; 
 B.A., 1829. First poems appeared 
 in the Harvard 'Collegian,' 1830. 
 Studied medicine in Paris, 1833-35. 
 M.D., Cambridge, Mass., 1836. Prof, 
 of Anatomy and Physiology, Dart- 
 mouth Coll., 1838-40. Married Amelia 
 Lee Jackson, 15 June 1840. Prof, of 
 Anatomy, Harvard Univ., 1817-82; 
 Professor Emeritus, 1882. Gave up 
 medical practice, 1849. Contributor 
 to 'Atlantic Monthly' from 1857. 
 Edited ' The Atlantic Almanack ' with 
 D. G. MitcheU, 1867. Hon. LL.D., 
 Harvard, 1886. Visit to Europe, 
 1886. Hon. LL.D. Cambridge, 1886; 
 Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 1886; Hon. 
 LL.D., Edinburgh, 1886. Died, in 
 Boston, Mass., 7 Oct. 1894. Buried 
 there. 
 
 Works: 'Poems,' 1836; 'Boyston 
 Prize Dissertations,' 1838 ; 'Lectures 
 on Homoeopathy, 1842 ; 'Terpsichore,' 
 
HOME-HOOD 
 
 135 
 
 1843; 'Urania,' 1846; 'An Intro- 
 ductory Lecture,' 1847 ; 'Astrsea,' 
 1850 ; * The Benefactors of the Medi- 
 cal School of Harvard,' 1850 ; ' Ora- 
 tion' [before New England Soc], 1855 ; 
 ' The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table, ' 
 1858 ; * The Professor at the Break- 
 fast Table,' 1860 ; ' Currents and 
 Counter- Currents in Medical Science,' 
 
 1861 ; 'Songs in Many Keys,' 1861 ; 
 
 * Elsie Venner,' 1861 ; 'Border Lines 
 in some provinces of Medical Science,' 
 
 1862 ; • Oration ' [on Independence 
 Day], 1863; 'Soundings from the "At- 
 lantic," ' 1866 ; * The Guardian Angel ' 
 1867; 'Wit and Humour,' 1867; 
 
 • Mechanism in Thought and Morals,' 
 1870 (2nd edn., ' with Notes and After- 
 thoughts,' same year) ; * The Poet at 
 the Breakfast Table,' 1872; 'The 
 Claims of Dentistry,' 1872 ; * Songs of 
 Many Seasons,' 1875 ; ' The Story of 
 Iris,' 1877 ; 'John Lothrop Motley,' 
 1878 ; 'The School-Boy,' 1879 ; 'The 
 Iron Gate,' 1881 ; 'Pages from an 
 Old Volume of Life,' 1883 ; * Medical 
 Essays,' 1883 ; ' Grandmother's Story, 
 and other poems,' 1883 ; 'Ralph Waldo 
 Emerson,' 1885 ; • A Mortal An- 
 tipathy,' 1885 ; 'The Last Leaf,' 1886 ; 
 
 • Our Hundred Days in Europe,' 1887 ; 
 
 * Before the Curfew,' 1888 ; * Over 
 the Teacups,' 1891 [1890]. 
 
 Collected Works : in 13 vols., 1891. 
 Life : by J. T. Morse, 1896. 
 
 HOME (John), 1722-1808. Born, 
 at Leith, 22 Sept. 1722. Educated at 
 Leith Grammar School, and at Edin- 
 burgh Univ. Licensed Probationer 
 of Presbyterian Church, 4 April 1745. 
 Enlisted as Volunteer during Rebel- 
 lion of 1745-46. Minister of Athel- 
 staneford, 11 Feb. 1747. Tragedy 
 'Agis' refused by Garrick, 1747. 
 Tragedy ' Douglas ' refused by Gar- 
 rick,' 1755 ; performed in Edinburgh, 
 14 Dec. 1756 ; produced at Co vent 
 Garden, 14 March 1757. Pension of 
 £100 from Princess of Wales, 1757. 
 Returned to Scotland. Indicted by 
 Presbytery; resigned ministry, 7 June 
 1757. Tutor to Prince of Wales, 
 1757. Sec. to Lord Bute, 1757. 
 * Agis ' produced by Garrick at Drury 
 
 Lane, 21 Feb. 1758. 'The Siege of 
 Aquileia ' produced at Drury Lane, 
 21 Feb. 1760. Pension of £300 from 
 George III., 1760. Conservator of 
 Scots Privileges at Campvere, Hol- 
 land (sinecure), 1763-70. * The Fatal 
 Discovery ' produced at Drury Lane, 
 23 Feb. 1769. Married Mary Home, 
 1770. ' Alonzo ' produced at Drury 
 Lane, 27 Jan. 1773. To Bath with 
 Hume, April 1776 ; to Edinburgh 
 with him, July 1776. * Alfred,' pro- 
 duced, at Drury Lane, 21 Jan. 1778. 
 Enlisted in South Fusiliers,' 1778. 
 Died, at Murchiston, 5 Sept. 1808. 
 
 Works: 'Douglas' (anon.), 1757; 
 'Agis' (anon.), 1758 ; 'The Siege of 
 Aquileia' (anon.), 1760 ; 'Dramatick 
 Works,' 1760 ; 'The Fatal Discovery' 
 (anon.), 1769 ; 'Alonzo' (anon.), 1773; 
 • Alfred' (anon.), 1778 ; 'The History 
 of the Rebellion in . . . 1745,' 1802. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by H. Mac- 
 kenzie (3 vols.), 1822. 
 
 Lije : by H. Mackenzie, 1822. 
 
 HOOD (Thomas), 1799-1845. Bom, 
 
 in London, 23 May 1799. At school 
 in London. In mercantile house, 
 1813-15. Health failed. At Dundee, 
 1815-18 ; contrib. to local Press from 
 1814. Articled to firm of engravers 
 in London, 1818 ; but owing to ill- 
 health devoted himself to literature. 
 On BtaflE of * London Mag.,' 1821-23. 
 Married Jane Reynolds, 5 May 1824. 
 Edited ' The Gem,' 1829 ; edited 'The 
 Comic Annual,' 1830-42. Financial 
 losses, 1834. Lived at Coblentz, 
 1835-37; at Ostend, 1837-40. Re- 
 turned to England, April 1840. 
 Joined staflf of 'New Monthly Mag.,* 
 1840; editor, Aug. 1841 to Jan. 1844; 
 ' The Song of the Shirt,' published in 
 'Punch,' Christmas 1843. Started 
 ' Hood's Mag.,' Jan. 1844. Crown 
 Pension of £100 granted to his wife, 
 Nov. 1844. Died, at Hampstead, 3 
 May 1845. Buried in Kensal Green 
 Cemetery. 
 
 Works : ' Odes and Addresses to 
 Great People ' (anon.), 1825 ; 'Whims 
 and Oddities ' (2 ser.), 1826-27 ; 
 ' National Tales ' (2 vols.), 1827 ; 'The 
 Plea of the Midsummer Fairies,' 
 
136 
 
 HOOK 
 
 1827; 'The Eppiug Hunt,' 1829; 
 *Tbe Dream of Eugene Aram,' 1831 ; 
 ' Tylney Hall ' (3 vols.), 1834 ; * Hood's 
 Own,' 1839; 'Up the Rhine,' 1840 
 (2nd edition Bame year) ; ' Whimsi- 
 calities ' (2 vols.), 1844. 
 
 Posthumous : 'Fairy Land' (with 
 his daughter, Mrs. Broderip), 1861 
 [1860] ; ' Hood's Own,* 2nd series, 
 ed. by his son, 1861. 
 
 Collected IVorks : * Poems ' (2 vols. ), 
 1846 ; ' Works,' ed. by his son and 
 daughter (10 vols.), 1869-73. 
 
 Life: 'Memorials,' by Mrs. Broderip, 
 1860. 
 
 HOOK (Theodore Edward), 1788- 
 1841. Born, in London, 22 Sept. 
 1788. Early education at private 
 schools. At Harrow, June 1804 to 
 1810. Wrote opera libretti, farces 
 and melodramas during school days. 
 Matric. St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 2 
 July 1810, Accountant-General and 
 Treasurer at Mauritius, Oct. 1813. 
 Deprived of office owing to deficit in 
 treasury, and sent back to England, 
 1818. Imprisoned, 1823-25. Edited 
 •The Arcadian,' 1820 ; edited 'John 
 Bull,' 1820-41 ; edited 'New Monthly 
 Mag.,' 1837-38. F.S.A., 27 Feb. 1840. 
 Died, at Fulham, 24 Aug. 1841. 
 
 Works: 'The Soldier's Return' 
 (anon.), 1805 ; 'Catch Him Who Can,' 
 1806 ; ♦ The Invisible Girl,' 1806 ; 
 
 * Tekeli,' 1806 ; 'The Fortress,' 1807 ; 
 'Siege of St. Quintin,' 1807 ; 'Music 
 Mad,' 1808; 'Killing No Murder,' 
 1809 ; 'Safe and Sound,' 1809 ; 'The 
 Man of Sorrow ' (3 vols.), 1809 ; * The 
 Trial by Jury,* 1811 ; ' Darkness 
 Visible,' 1811 (2nd edition same year) ; 
 •Pigeons and Crows,' 1819; 'Facts 
 illustrative of the treatment of Napo- 
 leon Buonaparte in St. Helena ' (anon.), 
 
 1819 ; ' Exchange No Robbery,' 
 (anon.), 1820 ; ' Tentamen * ^ (under 
 pseud, of * Vicesimus Blenkinsop '), 
 
 1820 ; ' Peter and Paul,' 1821 ; ' Say- 
 ings and Doings,' 1st series (3 vols. ; 
 anon.), 1824 ; 2nd series (3 vols ; anon.), 
 1825 ; 3rd series (3 vols.), 1828 ; 
 
 • Reminiscences of Michael Kelly,' 
 1826; 'Maxwell' (anon.), 1830; 
 •The Life of Sir David Baird' (2 vols.; 
 
 anon.), 1832 ; ' The Parson's Daughter' 
 (anon.), 1833 ; ' Love and Pride ' 
 (anon.), 1833; 'Gilbert Gurney ' 
 (anon.), 1836; 'Jack Brag' (anon.), 
 1837; 'Pascal Bruno,' 1837; 'Births, 
 Deaths, and Marriages ' (anon.), 1839; 
 •Gurney Married' (anon.), 1839; 
 * Cousin GeoflErey,' 1840 ; * Precept 
 and Practice,' 1840. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Fathers and Sons,' 
 1842 ; ' Peregrine Bunce ' (perhaps 
 spurious), 1842 ; ' The Widow and the 
 Marquess,' 1842; 'The Ramsbottom 
 Letters,* 1872; 'The Ramsbottom 
 Papers ' [1874]. 
 
 He edited : ' Peter Priggins, 1841 ; 
 'The Parish Clerk,' 1840. 
 
 Collected Works : * Choice Humour- 
 ous Works ' [1873]. 
 
 Life : ' Life and Remains,' by R. 
 H. D. Barham, 1877. 
 
 HOOK (^^alter Farquhar), Dean 
 of Chichester. 1798-1875. [Nephew 
 of preceding.] Born, in London, 13 
 March, 1798. At school at Hertford, 
 1807-09 ; at Tiverton, 1809-12 ; at 
 Winchester, 1812-17. Matric, Ch. 
 Ch., Oxford, 17 Dec. 1817 ; Student, 
 1817-27; B.A., 1821; M.A., 1824; 
 B.D. and D.D., 1837. Student of 
 Lincoln's Inn, 1819. Ordained Dea- 
 con, 30 Sept. 1821 ; Curate to his 
 father at Whippingham, I. of W., 
 1821-25. Perpetual Curate of Molesey, 
 near Birmingham, 1826-31. Lecturer 
 at St. Philip's, Birmingham, 1827. 
 Chaplain in Ordinary to King, 1827. 
 Vicar of Holy Trinity, Coventry, 
 1828-37. Prebendary of Lincoln, 
 1832-59. Select Preacher, Oxford, 
 1833-34 and 1858-59. Married Anna 
 Delicia Johnstone, 4 June 1829. 
 Vicar of Leeds, 1837-59. Chaplain 
 in Ordinary to Queen, 1839-75. Dean 
 of Chichester, 1859-75. F.R.S., 5 
 June 1862. (Refused Deanery of 
 Rochester, 1870 ; of Canterbury and 
 St. Paul's, 1871; of Winchester, 
 1872.) Died, at Chichester, 20 Oct. 
 1875. Buried in Mid-Lavant church- 
 yard, near Chichester. 
 
 Works [besides a number of ser- 
 mons, addresses and religious tracts 
 published between 1828 and 1868]: 
 
HOOKER— HORNE 
 
 137 
 
 'The Peculiar Character of the Church 
 of England,' 1822 ; 'The Last Days 
 of Our Lord's Ministry,' 1832 ; ' The 
 Catholic Clergy of Ireland,' 1836 ; 
 ' Private Prayers,' 1836 ; * A Book 
 of Common Prayer,' 1836 ; * Five 
 Sermons preached before the Univ. 
 of Oxford,' 1837 ; * A Letter to 
 his Parishioners on the use of the 
 Athanasian Creed ' (anon.), 1838 ; 
 
 * Hear the Church,' 1838 ; ' The Gos- 
 pel . . . the Basis of Education,' 
 1839 ; 'Presbyterian Rights asserted' 
 (anon.), 1839 ; ' A Call to Union,' 
 1839 ; 'Prayers for Young Chris- 
 tians,' 1841 ; 'Sermons on various 
 subjects,' 1841; 'Letter to the 
 Bishop of Ripon,' 1841; 'Reasons 
 for Contributing towards the support 
 of an English Bishop at Jerusalem,' 
 1842 ; ' A Church Dictionary,' 1842 
 (2nd edn. same year) ; ' Mutual For- 
 bearance in Things Indifferent,* 1843 ; 
 ' " Take Heed what ye hear," ' 1844 ; 
 'The Cross of Christ,' 1844; 'A 
 Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Biogra- 
 phy ' (8 vols.), 1845-52; 'On the 
 means of rendering more efficient 
 the education of the People,' 1846 
 (9th edn. same year) ; 'The Three 
 Reformations,' 1847 ; ' Sermons sug- 
 gested by the Miracles' (2 vols.), 
 1847-48 ; ' Sermons on the Ordinances 
 of the Church,' 1847 ; ' The Nonentity 
 of Romish Saints,' 1849 ; ' A Cora- 
 pauion to the Altar,' 1849 ; ' Letter 
 to Sir W. Farquhar,' 1850; 'A 
 Church School Hymn Book,' 1850 ; 
 
 * Duty of English Churchmen,' 1851 ; 
 'Discourses,' 1853; 'Lives of the 
 Archbishops of Canterbury,' vol. i., 
 1860 ; vol. ii., 1862 ; vols, iii., iv., 
 1865; vol. v., 1867; vols, vi., vii., 
 1868 ; vol. viii., 1869; vol. ix., 1872 ; 
 vols. X., xi., 1875 ; vol. xii., 1876 ; 
 
 Disestablished Church in . . . Amer- 
 ica,' 1869. 
 
 Posthumous : ' The Church and its 
 Ordinances,' ed. by his eon, W. Hook 
 (2 vols.), 1876. 
 
 Life: 'Life and Letters,' by W. 
 R. W. Stephens, 1878. 
 
 HOOKEE (Richard), 1554 [1]-1800. 
 Born, at Heavitree, Exeter, March 
 
 1554 [?]. Educated at Exeter Gram- 
 mar School. To Corpus Christi Coll., 
 Oxford, as Clerk, 1567 ; Scholar, 24 
 Dec. 1573; B.A., 14 Jan. 1574; 
 M.A., 29 March 1577; Fellow of 
 C.C.C, 1577-81 ; Deputy to Prof, of 
 Hebrew, July 1579. Rusticated, Oct. 
 to Nov., 1579. Ordained, 1581 [?]. 
 Married Joan Churchman, 1581. 
 Rector of Dray ton-Beauchamp, Bucks, 
 Dec. 1584 to March 1585. Master of 
 the Temple, 17 March 1585 to 1591. 
 Rector of Boscombe, Wilts, 1591-95. 
 Sub-dean and Canon of Salisbury. 
 1591. Rector of Bishopsbourne, 
 Canterbury, July 1595 till his death. 
 Died, at Bishopsbourne, 2 Nov. 1600. 
 Buried in Bishopsbourne church. 
 
 Works : ' Of the Lawes of Eccle- 
 siastical Politie,' Bks. L-iv. [1594 ?] ; 
 Bk. v., 1597. 
 
 Posthumous [the first six of the 
 following edited by H. Jackson] : 
 'Answer to the Supplication that 
 Mr. Travers made to the Council,' 
 1612 ; 'A Learned Discourse of Justi- 
 fication,' 1612 ; 'A Learned Sermon 
 of the Nature of Pride,' 1612 ; ' A 
 Remedie against Sorrow and Fear,' 
 1612 ; ' A Learned and Comfortable 
 Sermon of the Certainty ... of 
 Faith,' 1612 ; ' Two Sermons upon 
 part of St. Jude's Epistle,' 1614 ; 'Of 
 the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie,* 
 Bks. vi., viii., 1648 ; Bk. vii. [pre- 
 viously reported lost], in 1662 edn. of 
 Hooker's 'Works.' 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by Gauden, 
 1662 ; ed. by Keble, 7th edn., ed. by 
 Dean Church and Canon Paget, 
 1888. 
 
 Life : by Izaak Walton, 1665 ; by 
 Keble in his edn. of Hooker's 
 ' Works.' 
 
 HORNE (Richard Henry), 1803- 
 1884. Born, in London, 1 Jan. 1803. 
 Educated at Sandhurst. Midship- 
 man in Mexican Navy. Served in 
 War against Spain, 1829. At con- 
 clusion of War went to U.S.A. 
 Returned to England. Contrib. to 
 ' Monthly Repository,' under initials : 
 M.I.D. Contrib. poem to 'Athe- 
 naeum,' 1828. Edited 'Monthly Re- 
 
188 
 
 HOUGHTON 
 
 pository/ July 1836 to June 1837. 
 Sub-commissioner to report on Em- 
 ployment of Children in Mines, 1843. 
 Contrib. to * Howitt's Journal ' ; to 
 ' Household Words,' June 1851. Mar- 
 ried Miss Foggs, 1847. To Australia 
 with W. Howitt, 1852 ; Commander 
 of Gold Escort, Victoria, 1852 ; Com- 
 missioner of Crown Lands for Gold 
 Fields, 1853-54 ; Territorial Magis- 
 trate, 1855. Returned to England, 
 1869. Substituted Christian name 
 ' Hengist ' for ' Henry. ' Civil List Pen- 
 sion, 1874. Contrib. to 'Harper's 
 Mag.,' ' New Quarterly Mag.,' 
 'Fraser'a Mag.,' 'Longman's Mag.'; 
 and other periodicals. Died, at Mar- 
 gate, 13 March 1884. Buried there. 
 
 Works : * Exposition of the . . . 
 Barriers excluding Men of Genius 
 from the Public ' (anon.), 1833 ; 
 * Spirit of Peers and People,' 1834 ; 
 'Cosmo de Medici," 1837; 'The 
 Death of Marlowe,' 1837 ; 'TheRussian 
 Catechism' [1837 ?] ; ' Life of Van Am- 
 burgh' (under pseud. 'Ephraim Watts'), 
 [1838]; 'Gregory Vn.,'1840; 'The 
 History of Napoleon' (2 vols.), 1841 ; 
 'Orion,' 1843 (6th edn. same year) ; 
 ' A New Spirit of the Age ' (with 
 Mrs. Browning and R. Bell), 1844 
 (2nd edn. same year) ; ' The Good- 
 natured Bear,' 1846; 'Memoirs of a 
 London Dell,' 1846; 'Ballad Ro- 
 mances,' 1846; 'Judas Iscariot,' 
 1848; 'The Poor Artist' (anon.), 
 1850 ; 'The Dreamer and the 
 Worker' (2 vols.), 1851 ; 'Australian 
 Facts and Prospects,' 1859 ; 'Prome- 
 theus the Fire-bringer,' 1864; 'The 
 South- Sea Sisters,' [1866]; 'The 
 "Lady Jocelyn's" Weekly Mail,' 
 1869 ; 'The Great Peace-maker ' (from 
 'Household Words'), 1872; 'The 
 Countess Von Labanoff ' (from ' New 
 Quarterly Mag.'), 1877 ; 'Laura Di- 
 balzo,' 1880; 'King Nihil's Round 
 Table,' 1881; 'Bible Tragedies' 
 [1881]; 'Soliloquium Fratris Rogeri 
 Baconis ' (from ' Eraser's Mag.'), 
 1882 ; ' The Last Words of Cleanthes' 
 (from ' Longman's Mag.'), [1883] ; 
 •Sithron' (anon.), 1883. 
 
 He edited: Black's trans, of 
 Schlegel's 'Lectures,' 1840; 'Poems 
 
 of Geoffrey Chaucer Modernised,' 
 1841 ; 'Shakespeare's Works,' 1857 ; 
 L. Marie's ' Notes . . . on . . . Prizo 
 Essays on the Vine,' 1860. 
 
 HOUGHTON, Baron [Eichard 
 Monckton Milnes], 1809-1885. Born, 
 in London, 19 June, 1809. Educated 
 at Hnndhill Hall School, and privately. 
 Matric. Trin. Coll., Camb., Oct. 1827 ; 
 M.A., 1831. Travelled on Continent, 
 1832-35. M.P. for Pontefract, 1837- 
 63. Married Hon. Annabel Crewe, 
 30 July 1851. One of founders of 
 Philobiblon Soc, 1853. Hon. D.C.L., 
 Oxford, 20 June 1855. Created Baron 
 Houghton, July 1863. F.R.S., 1868. 
 Visit to Canada and U.S.A., 1875. 
 Hon. Fellow, Trin. Coll., Camb., 1875- 
 85. Secretary for Foreign Corre- 
 spondence, Royal Acad., 1878. Hon. 
 LL.D., Edinburgh, 1878. Trustee 
 of British Museum, 6 May 1881. 
 Pres. London Library, 1882. Died, 
 at Vichy, 11 Aug. 1885. Buried at 
 Fryston. 
 
 Works: 'Memorials of a Tour in 
 some parts of Greece,' 1834 ; ' Poems 
 of Many Years,' 1838; 'Memorials 
 of a Residence on the Continent, and 
 Historical Poems,' 1838 (another edn. 
 called : ' Memorials of Many Scenes,* 
 1844) ; ' A Speech on the Ballot,' 
 1839 ; ' Poetry for the People,' 1840 ; 
 'One Tract More' (anon.), 1841; 
 ' Thoughts on Purity of Election,' 
 1842; 'Palm-Leaves,' 1844; 'Poems, 
 legendary and historical,' 1844 ; 
 ' Real Union of England and Ireland,' 
 1845 ; ' Life, Letters, and Literary 
 Remains of John Keats' (2 vols.), 
 1848 ; The ' Events of 1848,' 1849 ; 
 'Answer to R. Baxter,' 1852; 'On 
 the Apologies for the Massacre of 
 St. Bartholomew' [1856]; 'A Dis- 
 course of Witchcraft,' 1858 ; ' Good 
 Night and Good Morning,' 1859 ; 
 'Address on Social Economy,' 1862 ; 
 'Monographs,' 1873 ; 'Poetical Works' 
 (collected ; 2 vols.), 1876. 
 
 He edited: 'The Tribute' (with 
 Lord Northampton), 1836 ; Keats' 
 ' Poetical Works,' 1854 ; 'Boswelliana,' 
 1856 and 1874; 'Another Ver- 
 sion of Keats' "Hyperion '" [1856] ; 
 
HOWELL— HOWELLS 
 
 139 
 
 D. Gray's 'The Luggie,' 1862 ; Pea- 
 cock's Works, 1875 ; Bishop Cran- 
 mer's ' Recantacyons * (with J. Gaird- 
 ner), 1885. 
 
 Life: by Sir T. Wemyss Reid, 
 1890. 
 
 HOWELL (James), 1594[?]-1666. 
 Born, in Wales, 1594 [?]. Matric, 
 Jesus Coll., Oxford, 16 June 1610 ; 
 B.A., 17 Bee. 1613. Manager of a 
 g'ass- works in London, 1614-16; 
 travelled abroad on same business, 
 1616-22. Tutor to sons of Lord Savage 
 for short time in 1622. Travelled in 
 France, same year. In Spain on 
 political mission, 1622-24. Fellow of 
 Jesus Coll., Oxford, 1623. Sec. to 
 Lord Scrope, at York, 1626-30. M.P. 
 for Richmond, Yorks, 1627. Lord 
 President of the North, 1628. On 
 embassy to Denmark, with Earl of 
 Leicester, 1632. Clerk of Council at 
 Nottingham, Aug. 1642. Arrested, 
 in London, during Civil War, 1643 ; 
 imprisoned in the Fleet, possibly also 
 for debt, 1643-51. Gift of £200 from 
 Charles IL, Feb. 1661. Appointed 
 Historiographer Royal, 1661. Un- 
 married. Died, in London, 1666 ; 
 buried, in precincts of Temple Church, 
 3 Nov. 1666. 
 
 Works [exclusive of a large number 
 of political and controversial pamph- 
 lets, pubd. between 1643 and 1664] : 
 * Aer^poXoyta,' pt. i., 1640 (French 
 version, 1640 ; Latin version, 1646) ; 
 pt. ii., 1650 ; 'The Vote,' 1642 ; ' In- 
 structions for Forreine Travel,' 1642; 
 ' Mercurius Hibernicus,' 1643 ; *Epis- 
 tolse Ho-elianae,' vol. i., 1645 ; vol. ii., 
 1647 ; vols, i., ii., iii., 1650 ; vols, i., 
 ii., iii., iv., 1655; 'A Perfect De- 
 scription of the People and Country 
 of Scotland,' 1649 ; 'A Winter Dream,' 
 1649 ; ' A Trance,' 1649 ; ' A Vision,' 
 1651 ; 'S.P.Q.V.,' 1651 ; 'Ah I Ha I 
 Tumulus, Thalamus,' 1653 ; ' Lon- 
 dinopolis,' 1657 ; ' Lexicon Tetra- 
 glotton,' 1660 [1659-60] ; ' QripoXoyia,' 
 1660 ; • Twelve Treatises of the Later 
 Revolutions,' 1661 ; * A Brief Account 
 of the Royal Matche ' (under initials : 
 J. H.), 1662; 'New English Gram- 
 mar ' (Eng. and Span.), 1662 ; 
 
 'Another Grammar of the Spanish 
 . . . toung' (Eng. and Span.), 1662 ; 
 ' Poems,' 1664. 
 
 Posthumous : * A French Grammar,' 
 1673. 
 
 He translated : * St. Paul's late 
 Progress upon Earth,' 1644 ; ' A 
 Venetian Looking - glass,' 1648 ; 
 GirafB's 'Exact History of the late 
 Revolutions,' 1650 ; 'The Process and 
 Pleadings in the Court of Spain upon 
 the death of A. Ascham,' 1651 ; 
 'History of the . . . Jews,' 1652; 
 ' The Nuptials of Peleus and Thetis,' 
 1654 ; Paracelsus' 'Aurora,' 1659 ; 
 Valentine's 'Triumphant Chariot of 
 Antimony,' 1661 ; Paracelsus' ' Archi- 
 doxis,' 1661 ; and edited: Cotgrave's 
 ' French and English Dictionary,' 
 1650 ; • Parthenopoeia,' 1654 ; Sir R. 
 B. Cotton's *Posthuma,'1651 ; Sir J. 
 Finet's * Philoxenis,' 1656. 
 
 HOWELLS (William Dean),b. 1837. 
 Born, at Martin's Ferry, Ohio, 1 
 March 1837. Family removed to 
 Hamilton, Ohio, 1840 ; to Dayton, 
 Ohio, 1849. Worked with his father 
 as printer. Contrib. to 'Cincinnati 
 Gaz.,' 1858. News Editor of *Ohio 
 State Journal,' 1859. U.S. Consul at 
 Venice, 1861-65. Married Elinor G. 
 Mead, 24 Dec. 1862. Returned to 
 America. Assistant-Editor of * At- 
 lantic Monthly,' 1866 ; Editor, 1872- 
 81. Play, *A Counterfeit Present- 
 ment,' produced at Boston Museum, 
 1878; 'Yorick's Love,' 1880; 'A 
 Foregone Conclusion,' Madison Square 
 Theatre, N.Y., 1886; *A Terrible 
 RuflSian,* Avenue Theatre, London, 
 Dec. 1895. Also author of farces 
 'The Mouse -Trap' and 'Evening 
 Dress.' Visit to Europe, 1882-83. Con- 
 tributed 'Editor's Study ' to ' Harper's 
 Mag.,' 1886-91. Part -Editor of 
 'The Cosmopolitan,' 1892. 
 
 Works: 'Poems of two Friends' 
 (with J. Piatt), 1860 ; • Life of Abra- 
 ham Lincoln,' 1860 ; 'Venetian Life,' 
 1866 ; • Italian Journeys,' 1867 ; 
 •Suburban Sketches,' 1868; 'No 
 Love Lost,' 1869; 'Their Wedding 
 Journey,' 1871; 'Poems,' 1873; 'A 
 Chance Acquaintance,' 1874 ; 'A 
 
 f;^- OK The'''-^ 
 
 ^«N.VE«s,Ty 
 
140 
 
 HOWITT 
 
 Foregone Conclusion,' 1875 ; * A 
 Day's Pleasure,' 1876 ; ' Life of R. B. 
 Hayes,' 1876 ; 'Out of the Question,' 
 1877; 'The Parlor-Car,' 1877; 'A 
 Counterfeit Presentment,' 1877 ; 'The 
 Lady of the Aroostook,' 1879 ; ' The 
 Undiscovered Country,' 1880; 'A 
 Fearful Responsibility,' 1881 ; * Dr. 
 Breen's Practice,' 1881 ; 'A Modern 
 Instance,' 1882; 'The Sleeping-Car,' 
 1883; 'A Woman's Reason,' 1883; 
 'The Register,' 1884; 'Three Vil- 
 lages,' 1884 ; * Indian Summer,' 1885 ; 
 ' The Rise of Sila-s Lapham,' 1885 ; 
 ♦The Elevator,' 1885 ; 'Tuscan Cities,' 
 1886 [1885]; 'A Little Girl among 
 the Old Masters,' 1886 ; 'The Min- 
 ister's Charge,' 1886 ; 'Modem Italian 
 Poets,' 1887; 'April Hopes,' 1887; 
 ' Library of Universal Adventure ' 
 (with T. S. Perry), 1887; 'Annie 
 Kilburn,' 1888; 'A Sea Change,' 
 1888 ; ♦ A Hazard of New Fortunes,' 
 1889; 'The Shadow of a Dream,' 
 1890 ; «A Boy's Town,' 1890 ; 'Cri- 
 ticism and Fiction,' 1891 ; 'An Im- 
 perative Duty,' 1891 ; 'Mercy,' 1892 
 [1891] ; • A Letter of Introduction,' 
 1892 ; 'The World of Chance,' 1893 ; 
 'The Coast of Bohemia,' 1893; 'A Tra- 
 veller from Altruria,' 1894 ; 'Impres- 
 sions and Experiences,' 1896 ; ' Idylls 
 in Drab,' 1896; 'The Landlord at 
 Lion's Head,' 1897. 
 
 He has edited: 'Choice Autobio- 
 graphies' (8 vols.), 1877-78. 
 
 HOWITT (William), 1792-1879. 
 Born, at Heanor, Derbyshire, 18 Dec. 
 1792. At Friends' Public School, 
 Ackworth, Yorks., 1802-06 ; to school 
 at Tamworth, 1806. Contributed to 
 ' Monthly Mag.,' 1805. Married Mary 
 Botham, 16 April 1821. Lived in 
 Staffordshire, 1821-22. Kept drug- 
 gist's shop at Nottingham, 1823- 
 36 ; Alderman of Nottingham, 1833. 
 Lived at Esher, 1836-39 ; at Heidel- 
 berg, 1840-43 ; at Clapton, 1843-48 ; 
 in London, 1848-52. On staff of 
 * People's Journal,' April 1846 to 
 Jan. 1847. Edited ' Howitt's Journal 
 of Lit.' (with his mfe), 1847-49. In 
 Australia, N.S. Wales and Tasmania, 
 1852-54. After his return to Eng- 
 
 land became much interested in 
 spiritualism. Contrib. to 'Spiritual 
 Mag.' Lived at Higbgate, 1854-66 ; 
 at Esher, 1866-70 ; Tyrol in summer 
 and Rome in winter, 1870-79. Civil 
 List pension of £140, 19 June 1865. 
 Died, in Rome, 3 March 1879 ; buried 
 in Protestant cemetery there. 
 
 Works : ' Commemorative Verses ' 
 (anon.), 1818 ; ' The Forest Minstrel ' 
 (with his wife), 1823; 'The Desola- 
 tion of Eyam ' (with his wife), 1827 ; 
 ' The Book of the Seasons,' 1831 ; * A 
 Popular History of Priestcraft,' 1833 ; 
 •Pantilla' (2 vols.), 1835; 'Three 
 Death Cries' (anon.), 1835; 'The 
 Rural Life of England,' 1838 ; ' Co- 
 lonization and Christianity,' 1838 ; 
 'The Boy's Country - Book,' 1.839; 
 ' Visits to Remarkable Places,' 1840 ; 
 ' The Rural and Domestic Life of 
 Germany,' 1 842 ; ' A Serious Address,' 
 
 1843 ; 'German Experiences,' 1844 ; 
 
 * The Life and Adventures of Jack of 
 the Mill' (2 vols.), 1844; 'Johnny 
 Darbishire,' 1845 ; * Homes and 
 Haunts of the most eminent British 
 Poets ' (2 vols.), 1847 ; ' The Hall 
 and the Hamlet ' (2 vols.), 1848 ; ' The 
 Year-Book of the Country,' 1850 ; 
 'Madam Dorrington,' 1851; 'The 
 Literature and Romance of Northern 
 Europe ' (with his wife), 1852 ; 
 ' Stories of English and Foreign Life ' 
 (with his wife), 1853 ; ' A Boy's Ad- 
 ventures,' 1854 ; * Land, Labour and 
 Gold,' 1855; ' Tallangetta,' 1857; 
 'The Man of the People,' 1860; 
 ' Ruined Abbeys and Castles of Great 
 Britain' (with his wife ; 2 ser.), 1862- 
 64; 'Letters on Transportation,' 
 1863 ; « The History of the Super- 
 natural ' (2 vols.), 1863 ; ' The History 
 of Discovery in Australia ' (2 vols.), 
 1865 ; ' Nicodemians and Thomasians,* 
 1865 ; ' Woodburn Grange,' 1867 ; 
 ' The Northern Heights of London,' 
 1869 ; 'The Mad War-Planet,' 1871. 
 
 He translated : Dr. Cornelius' 
 
 • Student Life of Germany,' 1841 ; 
 'Peter Schlemihl,' 1843; Holthaus' 
 ' Wanderingsof a Journeyman Tailor,' 
 
 1844 ; Bremer's ' Life in Dalecarlia,' 
 
 1845 ; Nicander's ' Renounced Trea- 
 sure,' 1845 ; Ennemoser's ' History of 
 
HUGHES— HUME 
 
 141 
 
 Magic,' 1854 ; ' The Religion of 
 Rome,' 1873; and edited: E. Sar- 
 gent's 'Peculiar,' 1864. 
 
 [His wife, Mary Eowitt, was born 
 [Mary Botham], at Coleford, Glou- 
 cestershire, 12 March 1799. Educated 
 at home. Married, 16 April 1821. 
 Collaborated with her husband, 1827- 
 64, and wrote and edited a number of 
 books alone. After her husband's 
 death, she was granted a Civil List 
 pension of £100, April 1879. Silver 
 Medallist of Lit. Acad, of Stockholm. 
 Joined Church of Rome, Jan. 1888. 
 Died, in Rome, 30 Jan. 1888. Her 
 Works consisted of upwards of 110 
 publications. For those written in 
 collaboration with her husband, see 
 above. Those written alone were 
 mainly books for young people. Her 
 ♦Autobiography ' was published post- 
 humously in 1889.] 
 
 HUGHES (Thomas), 1823-1896. 
 Born, at Ufl&ngton, Berks, 20 Oct. 
 1823. At school at Twyford, 1830- 
 33; at Rugby, 1833-41. Matric, 
 Oriel Coll., Oxford, 2 Dec. 1841; 
 B.A., 1845. Student of Lincoln's 
 Inn, 21 Jan. 1845 ; removed to Inner 
 Temple, 18 Jan. 1848 ; called to Bar 
 there, 28 Jan. 1848. Married Anne 
 Frances Ford, 17 Aug. 1847. F.S.A., 
 22 March 1849 ; resigned 1854. M.P. 
 for Lambeth, 1865-68 ; for Frome, 
 1868-74. Q.C., 23 June 1869. Bencher 
 of Lincoln's Inn, 31 May 1870. Visit 
 to U. S.A., 1870. Founded Colony of 
 Rugby, Tennessee, 1880. Judge of 
 County Court Circuit No. 9, July 
 1882. Died, at Brighton, 22 March 
 1896. 
 
 Works : * History of the Working 
 Tailors' Association, 34, Great Castle 
 Street' (under initial: H.), [1850]; 
 *A Lecture on the Slop System,' 
 1852 ; ' Tom Brown's School Days ' 
 (anon.), 1857 ; *The Scouring of the 
 White Horse ' (anon.), 1859 [1858] ; 
 •Account of the Lock-out of En- 
 gineers,' 1860 ; • Tom Brown at 
 Oxford,' 1861 ; * ReUgio Laici,' 1861 
 (another edn., called * A Layman's 
 Faith,' 1868) ; 'The Cause of Free- 
 dom,' 1863; * Alfred the Great,' 
 
 1869 ; * Memoir of a Brother,' 2nd 
 edn., 1873 ; 'Lecture on the History 
 and Objects of Co-operation,' 1878 ; 
 * The Old Church : What shall we do 
 with it?' 1878; 'The Manliness of 
 Christ,' 1879; 'Rugby, Tennessee,' 
 1881 ; 'A Memoir of Daniel Mac- 
 millan,* 1882 ; ' Address ... on the 
 occasion of ... a testimonial, etc.,' 
 1885 ; 'James Eraser, second Bishop 
 of Manchester,' 1887 ; * Co-operative 
 Production' [1887]; 'David Living- 
 stone,' 1889 ; ' Vacation Rambles ' 
 (from 'Spectator'), 1895. 
 
 He editzd : Whitmore's 'Gilbert 
 Marlowe,' 1859; Lowell's ' Biglow 
 Papers,' 1859 ; the Comte de Paris' 
 'Trade Unions of England,' 1869; 
 Philpot's ' Guide Book to the Cana- 
 dian Dominion,' 1871 ; Maurice's 
 ♦The Friendship of Books,' 1874; 
 Kingsley's ' Alton Locke,' 1876 ; ' A 
 Manual for Co-operators ' (with E. V. 
 Neale), 1881 ; ' Gone to Texas,' 1884 ; 
 Lowell's ' Poetical Works,' 1891 ; 
 Marriott's 'Charles Kingsley,' 1892. 
 
 HUME (David), 1711-1776. Born, 
 in Edinburgh, 26 April 1711. Prob- 
 ably educated atEdinburgh University. 
 Lived in France, 1734-37. Settled at 
 home, atNinewells, Berwickshire, 1737. 
 Tutor in household of Marquis of 
 Annandale, April 1745 to April 1746. 
 Sec. to Gen. St. Clair in expedition 
 against Canada, 1746-47. With Gen. 
 St. Clair on embassy to Austria and 
 Italy, 1748. Returned to Ninewells, 
 1749. Removed with his sister to 
 Edinburgh, 1751. Keeper of Advo- 
 cates' Library, 28 Jan. 1752 to 1757. 
 Prosecuted historical studies. To 
 Paris, as Sec. to Ambassador, Earl of 
 Hertford, Oct. 1763. Pension of 
 £400, 1765, To England, bringing 
 Rousseau with him, Jan. 1766. Re- 
 turned to Edinburgh, same year. In 
 London, as Under Secretary of State, 
 1767-68. Settled in Edinburgh, 1769. 
 Died there, 25 Aug. 1776. Buried in 
 Calton Hill Cemetery. 
 
 Works : ' A Treatise of Human 
 Nature ' (anon.), vols, i., ii., 1739 ; 
 vol. iii., 1740; 'Essays, moral and 
 political* (2 vols., anon.), 1741-42; 
 
142 
 
 HUNT 
 
 * Philosophical Essays concerning 
 Human Understanding' (anon.), 1748 ; 
 
 • A True Account of the behaviour . . . 
 of Archibald Stewart' (anon.), 1748 ; 
 'An Enquiry concerning the Principles 
 of Morals,' 1751; 'Political Dis- 
 courses ' 1752 (2nd edn. same year) ; 
 ' Essays and Treatises on Several Sub- 
 jects ' (4 vols.), 1753-54 ; 'The History 
 of England ' [under the House of Stuart] 
 (2 vols.), 1754-57; Tour Disserta- 
 tions,' 1757 ; 'The History of England 
 under the House of Tudor' (2 vols.), 
 1759 ; 'The History of England from 
 the Invasion of Julius Caesar to the 
 accession of Henry VII.' (2 vols.), 
 1762 ; * A Concise Account of the 
 dispute between Mr. Hume and Mr. 
 Bousseau' (anon.), 1766; 'Scotticisms' 
 (anon.), 1770. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Autobiography,' 
 1777 ; • Two Essays,' 1777 ; 'Dialogues 
 concerning Natural Religion,' 1779. 
 
 Collected Works : * Philosophical 
 Works,' ed. by T. H. Green and T. H. 
 Grose (4 vols.), 1878 [1875-78]. 
 
 Life : by J. H. Burton, 1846. 
 
 HUNT (James Henry leigh), 1784- 
 1859. Born, at Southgate, 19 Oct. 
 1784. At Christ's Hospital School, 
 1792 - 99. Contrib. to ' Juvenile 
 Library,' 1801 ; to 'European Mag.,' 
 1801 ; to 'Poetical Register,' 1801-11 ; 
 to 'The Traveller,' 1804-05. Clerk 
 to his' brother Stephen, 1803 [?]-05. 
 Dramatic critic to ' The News ' 
 (started by his brother John), 1805. 
 Clerkship in War Office, 1806 [?]-08. 
 Edited 'The Examiner,' 1808-21; 
 frequently contributed afterwards. 
 Married Marianne Kent, 3 July 1809. 
 Edited 'The Reflector,' 1810; 'Im- 
 prisoned in Surrey gaol, for remarks 
 in 'Examiner' on Prince Regent, 
 3 Feb. 1813 to 3 Feb. 1815. Settled 
 at Hampstead, 1816. Friendship with 
 Shelley and Keats. Edijted ' The In- 
 dicator,' Oct. 1819 to March 1821. 
 Edited, and wrote, 'The Literary 
 Pocket-Book,' 1819-22. Sailed for 
 Italy, 15 Nov. 1821, but driven by 
 storm to land at Dartmouth. Sailed 
 a=?ain, Mav 1822 ; arrived at Leghorn, 
 June. Contrib. to ' New Monthly 
 
 1821-50. Edited 'The Liberal* 
 (with Shelley and Byron), 1822-23. To 
 Genoa with Byron, Sept. 1822. In 
 Florence, 1823-25. Edited ' The 
 Literary Examiner,' 1823. Returned 
 to England, Sept. 1825. Lived at 
 Highgate, 1825-28. Edited 'The 
 Companion, ' Jan. to July, 1828. Con- 
 trib. to ' The Keepsake,' 1828. Lived 
 at Epsom, 1828-30 [?]. Edited ' The 
 Chat of the Week,' June to Aug., 
 1830. Edited (and wrote) 'The Tatler' 
 4 Sept. 1830 to 13 Feb. 1832. Lived 
 in Chelsea, 1833-40. Contrib. to 
 'Tait's Mag.,' 1833; to 'Monthly 
 Chronicle,' Oct. 1838 to Feb. 1839. 
 Edited 'Leigh Hunt's London Journal,' 
 1834 to Dec. 1835; 'The Monthly 
 Repository,' July 1837 to April 1838. 
 Contrib. to * Musical World,' Jan. to 
 March, 1839. Lived in Kensington, 
 1840-53. Play, 'A Legend of Flor- 
 ence,' produced at Covent Garden, 7 
 Feb. 1840. Contrib. to ' Westminster 
 Rev.,' 1837 ; to ' Edinburgh Rev.,' 
 1841-44 ; to 'Ainsworth's Mag.,' 1845, 
 to 'Atlas,' 1846; etc. Crown Pension 
 of £200, Oct. 1847. Edited ' Leigh 
 Hunt's Journal,' 1850-51. Lived in 
 Hammersmith, 1853-59. Contrib. to 
 'Musical Times,' 1853-54 ; to 'House- 
 hold Words,' 1853-54; to 'Eraser's 
 Mag.,' 1858-59 ; to 'Spectator,' Jan. 
 to Aug. 1859. Died, at Putney, 28 
 Aug. 1859. Buried in Kensal Green 
 Cemetery. 
 
 Works : ' Juvenilia,' 1801 ; ' Classic 
 Tales ' (5 vols.), 1806-07 ; ' Critical 
 Essays on the Performers of the 
 London Theatres ' (from 'The News'), 
 1807; 'An Attempt to show the 
 Folly ... of Methodism' (anon., from 
 ' Examiner '), 1809 ; ' Reformist's 
 Reply to the Edinburgh Review,' 
 1810; 'The Feast of the Poets' 
 (anon.), 1814 ; 'The Descent of Liberty,' 
 1815; 'The Story of Rimini,' 1816; 
 'The Round Table' (with Hazlitt, 
 from 'Examiner,' 2 vols.), 1817; 
 'Foliage,' 1818 ; 'Hero and Leander,' 
 1819 ; 'Bacchus and Ariadne,' 1819 ; 
 'Poetical Works,' 1819 ; 'The Literary 
 Pocket-Book' (4 vols.), 1819-22 ; ('The 
 Months ' (selected from vol. i. of pro- 
 ceding), 1821; 'Ultra-Crepidarius.' 
 
nUTCHESON-HUXLEY 
 
 143 
 
 1823 ; * Lord Byron and some of his 
 Oontemporariea,' 1828 ; 'The Com- 
 panion,' 1828 ; 'The Tatler,' 1830-32 ; 
 ' Christianism ' (anon.; priv. ptd.), 
 1832 (enlarged edn., called: 'The 
 Religion of the Head,' 1853) ; 'Poetical 
 Works,' 1832; 'Sir Ralph Esher,' 
 1832 ; • The Indicator and the Com- 
 panion' (2 vols.), 1834; 'Captain 
 Sword and Captain Pen,' 1835 ; ' The 
 Seer,' 1840-41 ; 'The Palfrey,' 1842 ; 
 'One Hundred Romances of Real 
 Life ' (from ' Leigh Hunt's London 
 Journal'), 1843; 'Poetical Works,' 
 1844 ; 'Imagination and Fancy,' 1844 ; 
 
 * Wit and Humour, selected from the 
 English Poets,' 1846 ; 'Stories from 
 the Italian Poets ' (2 vols.), 1846 ; 'A 
 Saunter through the West-End ' (from 
 'Atlas'), 1847; 'Men, Women, and 
 Books' (2 vols.), 1847; 'A Jar of 
 Honey from Mount Hybla,' 1848; 
 'The Town' (2 vols.), 1848 ; ' A Book 
 for a Corner,' 1849; 'Readings for 
 Railways,' 1849 ; ' Autobiography ' 
 (3 vols.), 1850 (later edna., expanded, 
 1859 and 1860) ; 'Table-Talk,' 1851 ; 
 
 * The Religion of the Heart,' 1853 ; 
 •The Old Court Suburb,' 1855; 
 ' Stories in Verse,' 1855 ; ' Poetical 
 Works ' (Boston, 2 vols.), 1857. 
 
 Posthumous : 'Poetical Works,' ed. 
 by his son, 1860 ; ' Correspondence,' 
 1862 ; ' Tale for a Chimney Corner,* 
 1869 ; • Day by the Eire,' 1870 ; 
 ' Wishing Cap Papers * (from ' Ex- 
 aminer'), 1873, 
 
 He translated : Tasso's ' Arayntas,' 
 1820 ; F. Redi's 'Bacchus in Tuscany,' 
 1825 ; and edited : Shelley's ' Masque 
 of Anarchy,' 1832 ; Sheridan's Dra- 
 matic Works, 1840 ; The Dramatic 
 Works of Wycherley, Congreve, Van- 
 brugh and Farquhar, 1840 ; Chaucer's 
 Poems Modernized (with Home and 
 others), 1841 ; T. Hunt's f Foster 
 Brother,' 1845 ; 'Finest Scenes' from 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, 1855 ; ' The 
 Book of the Sonnet ' (with S. A. Lee, 
 posthumous), 1867. 
 
 Life: 'Autobiography,' 1850, etc. ; 
 
 * Life,' by Cosmo Monkhouse, 1893. 
 
 HUTCHESON (Francis), 1694-1746. 
 Born, at Drumalig, co. Down, 8 Aug. 
 
 1694. To school at Saintfield, 1702 ; 
 afterwards at Killelagh. To Glasgow, 
 1710. Returned to Ireland, 1716; 
 took holy orders. Kept a school in 
 Dublin for some years. Prof, of 
 Moral Philosophy, Glasgow Univ., 
 1729-46. Died, in Glasgow, 1746. 
 
 Works : ' An Inquiry into the 
 Original of our Ideas of Beauty and 
 Virtue ' (anon.), 1725 ; 'Essay on the 
 Nature and Conduct of the Passions 
 and Affections ' (anon.), 1728; 'De 
 Naturali Hominum Socialitate,' 1730 ; 
 ' Considerations on Patronages,' 1735 ; 
 ' Philosophise Moralis Institutio Com- 
 pendiaria,' 1742 ; ' Metaphjrsicae Sy- 
 nopsis ' (anon.), 1742. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Reflections upon 
 Laughter,' 1750 ; ' System of Moral 
 Philosophy,' ed. by his son (2 vols.), 
 1755 ;' Logic,' 1764. 
 
 Life : by Leechman, in 1755 edn. of 
 ' System of Moral Philosophy.' 
 
 HUXLEY (Thomas Henry), 1825- 
 1896. Bom, at Ealing, 4 May 1825. 
 At school there. Studied medicine at 
 Charing Cross Hospital. M.B., Lon- 
 don, 1845. Assistant-surgeon to 
 H.M.S. 'Victory,' 1846; to H. M.S. 
 ' Rattlesnake,' 1847-50. F. R. S. , 1851 ; 
 Medal, 1852. Prof, of Nat. Hist, at 
 Royal School of Mines, 1854; FuUerian 
 Prof, to Royal Institution, 1854 ; Ex- 
 aminer to London Univ., 1854. Croon- 
 ian Lecturer to Royal Soc, 1858. 
 Prof, of Comparative Anatomy to 
 Royal Coll. of Surgeons, 1863-70. 
 Hon. LL.D., Edinburgh, 1866. Pres. 
 Geological Soc, 1869. Edited 'Journal 
 of the Ethnological Soc' (with G. 
 Busk and Sir J. Lubbock), 1869-70. 
 Pres. Ethnological Soc, 1870. Pres. 
 British Association, 1870. Memb. of 
 London School Board, 1870-72. Lord 
 Rector of Aberdeen Univ., 1872-74. 
 Sec. of Royal Soc, 1873. Wollaston 
 Medal, Geol. Soc, 1876. Hon. LL.D., 
 Dublin, 1878; Hon. LL.D., Cambridge, 
 1879 ; Hon. Ph.D., Breslau ; Hon. 
 M.D., Wiirzburg. Corresponding 
 member of many foreign scientific 
 bodies. Member of various scientific 
 and educational commissions. Knight 
 of Pole Star of Sweden. Fellow of 
 
144 
 
 INCHBALD 
 
 Eton Coll., 13 May 1879 ; afterwards 
 Governor. Memb. of Senate of Lon- 
 don Univ., 29 Aug. 1883. Inspector 
 of Salmon Fisheries, 1881-1885. Rede 
 Lecturer, Camb., June 1883. Pres. 
 Royal Soc, July 1883-1885. F.R.C.S., 
 
 1884. Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 17 June 
 
 1885. Trustee of British Museum, 
 29 Feb. 1888. Privy Councillor, 
 Aug. 1892. Romanes Lecturer, Ox- 
 ford, May 1893. Frequent contributor 
 to periodicals. Died, 29 June 1895. 
 
 Works : ' On the Educational Value 
 of the Natural History Sciences,' 1854; 
 'The Oceanic Hydrozoa,' 1859 ; 'Evi- 
 dence as to Man's Place in Nature,' 
 1863 ; ' On our Knowledge of the 
 Causes of the Phenomena of Organic 
 Nature,' 1863 ; * Lectures on the Ele- 
 ments of Comparative Anatomy,' 1864 ; 
 * An Elementary Atlas of Comparative 
 Osteology,' 1864 ; ' Catalogue of the 
 , . . Fossils in the Museum of Prac- 
 tical Geology (with R. Etheridge), 
 1865; * Palseontologia Indica : Verte- 
 brate Fossils,' 1866; 'Lessons in 
 Elementary Physiology,' 1866 ; ' An 
 Introduction to the Classification of 
 Animals,' 1869 ; ' Protoplasm : the 
 Physical Basis of Life,' 1869 ; * Lay 
 Sermons, Addresses, and Reviews,' 
 
 1870 ('Essays,* selected from pre- 
 ceding, 1871); *A Manual of the 
 Anatomy of Vertebrated Animals,' 
 
 1871 ; • On Yeast,' 1872 ; ' Critiques 
 and Addresses,' 1873 ; ' A Course of 
 Practical Instruction in Elementary 
 Biology' (with H. N. Martin), 1875 ; 
 •A Manual of the Anatomy of In- 
 vertebrated Animals,' 1877 ; 'Ameri- 
 can Addresses,' 1877 ; * Physiography,' 
 1877; 'Hume,' 1879; 'Science 
 Primers: Introductory,' 1880; 'The 
 Crayfish,' 1880 ; ' Science and Cul- 
 ture,' 1881 ; ' Inaugural Address to 
 Fishery Congress,' 1883 ; 'Essays 
 upon some Controverted Questions,' 
 1892 ; • Evolution and Ethics,' 1893 ; 
 ♦Collected Essays' (9 vols.), 1893-94. 
 
 He translated : Koelliber's 'Manual 
 of Human Histology' (with G. Busk), 
 1853-54 ; Von Siebold's ' On Tape and 
 Cystic Worms,' 1857 ; edited : Pres- 
 cott's 'Strong Drink and Tobacco 
 Smoke,' 1869 ; 'Science Primers ' (with 
 
 Prof. Roscoe and B. Stewart), 1872, 
 etc. ; and contributed prefatory notes 
 to various scientific publications. 
 
 INCHBALD (Elizabeth), 1753-1821. 
 Born [Elizabeth Simpson], at Stan- 
 ningfield, Suffolk, 15 Oct. 1753. Left 
 home in April 1772, with intention of 
 going on the London stage. Married 
 to Joseph Inchbald, 9 June 1772. 
 First appeared on the stage at Bristol, 
 4 Sept. 1772. Acting with her hus- 
 band in Scotland, 1772-76. In Paris, 
 July to Sept. 1776. Acting with her 
 husband in England, 1776-79; he 
 died, suddenly, 6 June 1779. Friend- 
 ship with Mrs. Siddons and J. P. 
 Kemble. Continued to act at York 
 till 1780. At Covent Garden, Oct. 
 1780 to July 1782 ; at Haymarket, 
 July to Sept., 1782 ; in Dublin, Nov. 
 1782 to spring of 1783 ; returned to 
 Covent Garden, 1783. Play, 'The 
 Mogul Tale,' produced at Haymarket, 
 1784. Plays produced at Haymarket, 
 Covent Garden, and Drury-^ane, 
 1784-1805. Contrib. to 'Edinburgh 
 Review.' Retired from stage, 1789. 
 Died, at Kensington House, 1 Aug. 
 1821. Buried in Kensington Church- 
 yard. 
 
 Works : * Appearance is against 
 them ' (anon.), 1785 ; ' I'll Tell you 
 What,' 1786; 'The Widow's Vow' 
 (anon.), 1786; 'The Mogul Tale' 
 (anon.), 1788; 'Such Things Are,' 
 1788 (2nd edn. same year) ; ' The Mid- 
 night Hour ' (from the French of Da- 
 maniant), 1787 ; 'The Child of Na- 
 ture ' (from the French of Countess 
 de Genlis), 1788 ; ' Animal Magnet- 
 ism' (anon.), 1788; 'The Married 
 Man ' (from the French of Nericault- 
 Destouchea), 1789; 'Next Door 
 Neighbours,' 1791 ; ' A Simple Story ' 
 (4 vols.), 1791; 'Everyone has his 
 Fault,' 1793 ; ' The Wedding Day,' 
 1794; 'Nature and Art' (2 vols.), 
 1796 ; ' Wives as they Were, and 
 Maids as they Are,' 1797 ; 'Lovers' 
 Vows ' (from the German of Kotzebue), 
 1798 ; ' The Wise Men of the East ' 
 (from the German of Kotzebue), 1799 ; 
 •To Marry or Not to Marry,' 1805. 
 
 She edited : ♦ The British Theatre * 
 
INGELOW— IRVING 
 
 145 
 
 (25 vols.), 1808; 'The Modern 
 Theatre' (10 vols.), 1811 ; • A Collec- 
 tion of Farces' (7 vols.), 1815; and 
 contributed ' remarks ' to plays by Ad- 
 dison, Cibbf r, Colman, Lillo, Machlin, 
 Norton, ( tway, Rowe, Shakespeare, 
 Southern J, Thomson. 
 
 Life : ' Memoirs,' by J. Boaden (2 
 vols.), 1833. 
 
 INGELOW (Jean), 1820-1897. Bom, 
 
 at Boston , Lines. , 1 8 20. Active literary 
 life. Died, in Kensington, 20 July 1897. 
 
 Worhi : * A Rhyming Chronicle ' 
 (anon.), 1850 ; • AUerton and Dreux ' 
 (anon., 2 vols.), 1851; 'Tales of 
 Orris' [I860]; 'Poems,' 1863 (4th 
 edn. same year) ; 'Studies for Stories, 
 from Girls' Lives' (anon.), 1864; 
 'Stories told to a Child' (anon.), 
 1865 ; ' Home Thoughts and Home 
 Scenes' (anon.), 1865; 'Little Rie 
 and the Rosebuds' (anon.), 1867; 
 ' The Suspicious Jackdaw ' (anon. ), 
 1867 ; ♦ The Grandmother's Shoe ' 
 (anon.), 1867; 'The Golden Oppor- 
 tunity ' (anon.), 1867 ; * Deborah's 
 Book' (anon.), 1867; 'A Story of 
 Doom,* 1867; 'The Moorish Gold' 
 (anon.), 1867; 'The Minnows with 
 Silver Tails ' (anon.), 1867 ; ' The 
 Wild-Duck Shooter' (anon.), 1867; 
 
 ♦ A Sister's Bye-Hours ' (anon.), 1868 ; 
 
 • Mopsa the Fairy,' 1869 ; ' The Little 
 Wonder-Horn,' 1872 ; ' Off the Skel- 
 ligs' (4 vols.), 1872; 'Fated to be 
 Free,' 1875 ; 'Poems,' second series, 
 1876; 'Poems' (collected; 2 vols.), 
 1879; 'Sarah de Berenger,' 1879; 
 ' Don John,' 1881 ; ' The High Tide 
 on the Coast of Lincolnshire, 1571,' 
 1883 ; * Poems,' third series, 1885 ; 
 •John Jerome,' 1886 ; 'Lyrical and 
 other poems ' (selected), 1886 ; * The 
 Little Wonder-Box,' 1887; 'Very 
 Young; and, Quite Another Story,' 
 1890. 
 
 INGOLDSBY. See. Barham. 
 
 IRVING (Washington), 1783-1859. 
 Born, in New York, 3 April 1783. 
 Educated at private schools, 1787-99. 
 In a lawyer's oflBce, 1801-04. Contrib. 
 to 'Morning Chronicle,' under pseud. 
 of 'Jonathan Oldstyle,' 1802. Tra- 
 
 veiled in Europe, 1804-06. Edited 
 'Salmagundi,' with his brother, Wil- 
 liam, and J. K. Paulding, Jan. to Oct., 
 1807. Partner with his brothers in a 
 mercantile house, 1810-17. Assistant 
 Editor of ' Analectic Mag.,' 1813-14. 
 In England, 1815-20. Travelled on 
 Continent, 1820-25. Attache to the 
 U.S.A. Legation at Madrid, 1826-29. 
 Sec. to U.S.A. Legation in London, 
 1829-32. Medal of Roy. Soc. of Lit., 
 1830. Hon. LL.D., Oxford, 1831. 
 Returned to New York, 1832 ; settled 
 at Sunnyside. Contrib. to * Knicker- 
 bocker Mag.,' 1839-40. U.S.A. Am- 
 bassador to Spain, 1842-46. Returned 
 to America, April 1846. Unmarried. 
 Died, at Sunnyside, 28 Nov. 1859. ) 
 
 Works : ' A History of New York ' 
 (under pseud, of 'Diedrich Knicker- 
 bocker') 1809 ; 'The Sketch-Book of 
 Geoffrey Crayon,' 1819 ; ' Bracebridge 
 Hall ' (by ' Geoffrey Crayon,' 2 vols.), 
 1822; 'Letters of Jonathan Old- 
 style ' 1824 (3rd edn. same year) ; 
 ' Tales of a Traveller ' (by ' Geoffrey 
 Crayon'), 1824; 'A History of . . . 
 Christopher Columbus ' (3 vols.), 1828; 
 
 * A Chronicle of the Conquest of Gra- 
 nada,' 1829; 'Voyages ... of the 
 Companions of Columbus,' 1831; 'The 
 Alhambra' (by 'Geoffrey Crayon'), 
 1832; 'Complete Works' (pubd. in 
 Paris), 1834 ; ' Abbotsford and New- 
 stead Abbey ' (anon.), 1835 ; * Tour 
 on the Prairies,' 1835 ; 'Legends of 
 the Conquest of Spain' (anon.), 1835; 
 'The Crayon Miscellany' (anon.), 
 1835 ; 'Astoria' (3 vols.), 1836; 'The 
 Adventures of Captain Bonneville,' 
 1837 ; ' Biography and Poetical Re- 
 mains of M. M. Davidson,' 1841 ; 
 ' The Life of Oliver Goldsmith,' 1844 ; 
 ' A Book of the Hudson ' (edited by 
 
 ♦ Geoffrey Crayon '), 1849 ; ' The Life 
 of Mahomet,' 1850; 'The Lives of 
 Mahomet and his Successors,' 1850 ; 
 ' Chronicles of Wolfert's Roost,' 1855 ; 
 'Life of Washington,' vols, i., ii., 
 1855; vol. iii., 1856 ; vol. iv., 1857; 
 vol. v., 1859 ; ' Wolfert Webber,' 1856 ; 
 'Works '(15 vols.), 1857. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Spanish Papers,' ed. 
 by P. M. Irving, 1866 ; * Biographies 
 10 
 
146 
 
 JAMES 
 
 and Miscellaneous Papers,' ed. by P. 
 M. Irving, 1867. 
 
 He translated : Navarette's ' Colec- 
 cion de los Viages, etc.,' 1825 ; and 
 edited: Campbell's 'Pi.ems,' 1810; 
 Bonneville's ' Rocky Mountains,' 1843. 
 
 Collected Works : in 1 vol., 1834 ; in 
 27 vols., 1880-83. 
 
 Life: 'Life and Letters,' by P. M. 
 Irving, 1862 63. 
 
 JAMES (George Payne Bainsford), 
 1801-1860. Born, in London, 9 Aug. 
 1801. Educated at school at Putney. 
 Travelled on Continent in youth. 
 Contributed to periodicals, and eventu- 
 ally adopted literary career. His- 
 toriographer Royal, 1839. British 
 Consul at Massachusetts, 1850[?]-52 ; 
 at Norfolk, Virginia, 1852-56 ; at 
 Venice, 1856-60. Died, at Venice, 
 9 May 1860. Buried in the Lido 
 Cemetery. 
 
 Works : ' Life of Edward the Black 
 Prince,' 1822; 'The Ruined City,' 
 1828; *Adra,' 1829; 'Richelieu' 
 (anon.), 1829; ' Darnley ' (anon.), 
 1830; 'De L'Orme ' (anon.), 1830; 
 •Philip Augustus' (anon.), 1831; 
 ' Henry Masterton ' (anon.), 1832 ; 
 
 * History of Charlemagne,' 1832 ; 
 ' MeKnoirs of Great Commanders,' 
 
 1832 ; ♦ The String of Pearls ' (anon.), 
 1832; 'Mary of Burgundy ' (anon.), 
 
 1833 ; * Delaware ' (anon.), 1833 ; 
 'Life ... of John Marston Hall,' 
 1834; 'One in a Thousand,' 1835; 
 ' On the Educational Institutions of 
 Germany,' 1835 ; ' My Aunt Ponty- 
 pool' (anon.), 1835 ; 'Gipsey,' 1835 ; 
 
 The Desultory Man,' 1836; ' Attila,' 
 1837; 'Life ... of Louis XIV.,' 1838; 
 
 * The Huguenot,' 1838 ; • The Robber ' 
 (anon.), 1838 ; ' Brief Hist, of the 
 U.S. Boundary Question,' 1839 ; 
 ' Henry of Guise,' 1839 ; ' Charles 
 Tyrrell,' 1839 ; ' Blanche of Navarre,' 
 1839; 'The Gentleman of the Old 
 School,' 1839 ; ' A Book of the Pas- 
 sions,' 1839 ; ' The King's Highway,' 
 1840; ' Man-at- Arms,' 1840; 'The 
 Jacquerie,' 1841 ; 'The Ancient Re- 
 gime,' 1841 ; 'Corse de Leon,' 1841 ; 
 •Some Remarks on the Corn Laws,' 
 1841; «Mo»leyErnstein,'1842; 'The 
 
 Woodman,' 1842; 'Hist, of . . . 
 Richard Coeur - de - Lion ' (4 vols.), 
 1842-49; 'Hist, of Chivalry,' 1843; 
 'The Commissioner' (anon.), 1843; 
 •Forest Days,' 1843; 'The False 
 Heir,' 1843 ; 'Eva St. Clair,' 1843 ; 
 ' Arabella Stuart,' 1844 ; 'Rose D'Al- 
 bret,'1844; 'Agincourt,'1844; 'Works' 
 (collected ; 21 vols.), 1844-49 ; ' The 
 Smuggler,' 1845 ; ' Arrah Neil,' 1845 ; 
 ' The Stepmojiher,' 1845 ; 'Heidelberg,' 
 1846; ' Russell,' 1847 ; ' Life of 
 Henry IV. of France,' 1847; 'A Whim' 
 (anon.), 1847 ; ' The Convict,' 1847 ; 
 •The Castle of Ehrenstein,'1847 ; 'The 
 Last of the Fairies ' [1848] ; 'Beau- 
 cliamp,' 1848; 'Margaret Graham,' 
 1848; 'Cameralzaman,' 1848; 'Sir 
 Theodore Broughton,' 1848 ; ' Dela- 
 ware,' 1848; 'The Forgery,' 1849; 
 •The Fight of the Fiddlers,' 1849; 
 ' An Investigation of the . . . Murder 
 of John, Earl of Gowrie, and Alex- 
 ander Ruthven, etc.,' 1849; 'John 
 Jones's Tales for Little John Jones's,' 
 1849 ; • Dark Scenes of History,' 
 1849; 'The Old Oak Chest,' 1850; 
 •Gowrie,' 1851; 'The Fate,' 1851; 
 ' Henry Smeaton,' 1851 ; • Pequinillo,' 
 1852 ; • A Story Without a Name,' 
 1852; •Revenge,' 1852; 'Adrian' (with 
 M. B. Field), 1852 ; ' Agnes Sorrel,' 
 1853; •The Vicissitudes of aLife,'1853; 
 • Arabella Stuart,' 1853 ; * An Oration 
 on the . . . Duke of Wellington,' 1853 ; 
 ' Ticonderoga,' 1854 ; ' Prince Life,' 
 1856; 'The Old Dominion,' 1856; 
 ' Leonora d'Orco,' 1857 ; * Lord Mon- 
 tagu's Page,' 1858. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Bernard Marsh,' 
 1864. 
 
 He edited : • Memoirs of Celebrated 
 Women,' 1837 ; the 'Vernon Letters,' 
 1841 ; Ireland's ' David Rizzio,' 1849. 
 
 JAMES (Henry), b. 1843. Born, 
 in New York City, 15 April 1843. 
 Travelled in Europe with parents, 
 1854-60. Educated in New York, 
 Geneva, Paris, and Boulogne. Lived 
 at Newport, Rhode Island, 1860-66. 
 To Harvard Law-school, 1862. First 
 contrib. to periodicals, 1865. Lived 
 at Cambridge, Mass., 1866-69. To 
 Europe, 1869. Since then has re- 
 
JAMESON— JEBB 
 
 147 
 
 Bided mainly in London. Play ' Guy 
 Domville,' produced at St. James's 
 Theatre, London, 5 Jan. 1895. 
 
 Works: 'Transatlantic Sketches,' 
 1875 ; ' A Passionate Pilgrim,' 1875 ; 
 'Roderick Hudson,' 1876; 'The 
 American,' 1877 ; 'Watch and Ward,' 
 1878 ; Trench Poets and Novelists,' 
 1878; 'The Europeans,' 1878; 'Daisy 
 Miller,' 1878 ; * An International 
 Episode,' 1879 ; ' Hawthorne ' (' Eng. 
 Men of Letters' series), 1879 ; 'The 
 Madonna of the Future,' 1879 ; ' Con- 
 fidence,' 1880 [1879]; 'Diary of a 
 Man of Fifty,' 1880; 'A Bundle of 
 Letters ' (from * The Parisian '), 1880 ; 
 'Washington Square,' 1881; 'The 
 Portrait of a Lady,' 1881 ; ' The 
 Siege of London,' 1883 ; 'Daisy Miller' 
 (dramatised from novel), 1883 ; ' Por- 
 traits of Places,' 1883; 'A Little 
 Tour in France,' 1884 ; ' Tales of 
 Three Cities,' 1884 ; 'Stories Revived,' 
 1885 ; 'The Author of Beltraffio, etc.,' 
 1885 ; * The Bostonians,' 1886 ; 'The 
 Princess Casamassima' ; ' Partial Por- 
 traits,' 1888; 'The Aspern Papers,' 
 1888 ; 'The Reverberator,' 1888 ; 'A 
 London Life,' 1889; 'The Tragic 
 Muse,' 1890 ; ' The Lesson of the 
 Master,' 1892; 'The Private Life,' 
 1893; 'The Real Thing,' 1893; 
 * Essays in London and Elsewhere,' 
 1893; 'Theatricals' (2 series), 1894; 
 •Terminations,' 1895; 'Embarrass- 
 ments,' 1896; 'The Other House,' 
 1896 ; 'The Spoils of Poynton,' 1897. 
 
 He has translated : Daudet's ' Port 
 Tarascon,' 1891 ; and edited: Bales- 
 tier's ' The Average Woman ' ; * The 
 Odd Number,' from De Maupassant, 
 1891. 
 
 JAMESON (Anna Brownell), 1794- 
 1860. Born [Anna Brownell Murphy], 
 in Dublin, 17 May 1794. Family re- 
 moved to England, 1798. Governess 
 in Marquis of Winchester's family, 
 1810-14. Travelled with a pupil in 
 France and Italy, summer of 1821 
 to 1822. Governess in family of Mr. 
 Littleton, 1822-25. Married to Robert 
 Jameson, 1825. Obtained legal ap- 
 pointment in Canada for her husband, 
 1833. To Germany same year ; 
 
 friendship with Major Noel, Ottilie 
 Van Goethe, Tieck, Schlegel, etc. 
 Joined her husband in Canada, 1836 ; 
 returned without him, 1838. Friend- 
 ship with Lady Byron. Active 
 literary life. Visit to Germany, 1845. 
 To Italy, with her niece (afterwards 
 Mrs. Macpherson), 1847. Crown 
 Pension, 1851. Quarrel with Lady 
 Byron, about 1853. Died, at Ealing, 
 17 March 1860. 
 
 Works : ' A Lady's Diary * (anon.), 
 1826 (another edn., anon., called 
 'The Diary of an Ennuyee,' same 
 year) ; 'The Loves of the Poets* 
 (anon.), 1829 ; 'Memoirs of Cele- 
 brated Female Sovereigns ' (2 vols. ), 
 1831 ; • Characteristics of Women ' (2 
 vols.), 1832; Letterpress to 'Beauties 
 of the Court of King Charles IL' 
 (illustrated by her father), 1833 ; 
 Letterpress to ' Fantasien,' 1834 ; 
 ' Visits and Sketches ' (4 vols.), 1834 ; 
 ' The Romance of Biography,' 1837 ; 
 ' Sketches of Germany,' 1837 ; 'Winter 
 Studies and Summer Rambles in 
 Canada,' 1838; 'Handbook to the 
 Public Galleries of Art in and near 
 London,' 1842 ; ' Companion to the 
 most celebrated Private Galleries in 
 London,' 1844 ; ' Memoirs of the 
 Early Italian Painters ' (2 vols.), 1845; 
 'Memoirs and Essays,' 1846 ; Letter- 
 press to 'The Decorations of the 
 Garden Pavilion, etc.,' 1846 ; ' Sacred 
 and Legendary Art ' (2 vols.), 1848 ; 
 'Legends of the Monastic Orders,' 
 1850 ; ' Legends of the Madonna,' 
 1852; 'Handbook to the Court of 
 Modern Sculpture in the Crystal 
 Palace,' 1854 ; * A Commonplace 
 Book,' 1854 ; ' Sisters of Charity,' 
 1855 ; ' The Communion of Labour,' 
 1856. 
 
 Posthumous : ' The History of Our 
 Lord,' completed by Lady Eastlake 
 (2 vols.), 1864. 
 
 She translated : Princess Amelia of 
 Saxony's 'Social Life in Germany,' 
 1840 ; G. F. Waagen's ' Peter Paul 
 Rubens,' 1840. 
 
 Life : by Mrs. Macpherson, 1878. 
 
 JEBB (Eichard Claverhouse), b. 
 1841. Born, at Dundep, 27 Aug. 
 10-2 
 
148 
 
 JEFFERIES 
 
 1841. At St. Columba's School, Oo. 
 Dublin, Aug. 1853 to Dec. 1854 ; at 
 Charterhouse School, Jan. 1855 to 
 May 1858. Matric. Trin. Coll., Camb., 
 Oct. 1859; B.A., 1862 ; M.A. 1865 ; 
 Fellow of Trin. Coll., 1863 ; Tutor, 
 1872-75 ; Public Orator, 1869. Sec. 
 of (and helped to found) Cambridge 
 Philological Soc. Governor of Charter- 
 house School, 1871 - 75 ; re-elected, 
 1893. Classical Examiner, London 
 Univ., 1872. Married Mrs. Caroline 
 Lane Reynolds, 17 Aug. 1874. Prof, of 
 Greek, Glasgow Univ., 1875-89. Greek 
 Order of the Saviour, 1878. Hon. 
 LL.D., Edinbur^'h, 1878. Visit to 
 U.S.A., 1884. Hon. LL.D., Harvard 
 Univ., 1884. Corresp. Mem. of Ger- 
 man Archaeological Institute, 1884. 
 D.Litb., Cambridge, 1886. LL.D., 
 Dublin, 1888. Ph.D., Bologna, 1888. 
 Regius Prof, of Greek, Cambridge, 
 1889. Pres. of Hellenic Soc. of 
 London, 23 June 1890. F.S.A., 1890. 
 Hon. LL.D., Glasgow, 1891. Hon. 
 D.C.L., Oxford, 1891. M.P. for 
 Cambridge Univ., 1891 ; re-elected, 
 1892 and 1895. Lecturer at Johns 
 Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, 1892. On 
 Royal Commission on Secondary Edu- 
 cation, 1894. Pres. of Teachers' Guild 
 of Great Britain and Ireland, 1896. 
 Chairman of Joint Committee on 
 Secondary Education, 1897. Fellow 
 of Univ. of London, 1897. 
 
 Works : Milton's * Areopagitica ' 
 (priv. ptd.), 1872 ; ' Translations into 
 Greek and Latin Verse,' 1873; *An 
 Address to the Students of the Cam- 
 bridge School of Art,' 1875 ; ' The 
 Attic Orators ' (2 vols.), 1876; *Some 
 Remarks' on an article by Prof. 
 Mahafify on preceding, 1876 ; ' A Re- 
 joinder' to Prof. Mahaffy's 'Reply,' 
 1876 ; * Greek Literature,' 1877 ; 
 
 * Translation ' (with H. Jackson and 
 W. E. Currey), 1878; 'Modern 
 Greece,' 1880; *Bentley,' 1882; 
 'Homer,' 1887; 'Erasmus,' 1890; 
 
 * The Growth and Influence of Classi- 
 cal Greek Poetry,' 1893 ; 'The Work of 
 the Universities for the Nation,' 1893. 
 
 He has translated : the * Characters ' 
 of Theophrastus, 1870 ; and edited : 
 
 * Selections from the Attic Orators,' 
 
 1880 ; the Plays of Sophocles, with 
 translation and commentary, 1883-96. 
 
 JEFFESIES (Richard), 1848-1887. 
 Born, at Coate Farm, Wilts, 6 Nov. 
 1848. Educated at schools at Syden- 
 ham and Swindon. Ran away from 
 home, 11 Nov. 1864, but was soon 
 afterwards sent back. Contrib. to 
 
 • North Wilts Advertiser ' and ' Wilts 
 and Gloucester Herald.' On staff of 
 ' North Wilts Herald ' as reporter, 
 March 1866 to 1867. Ill-health 1867- 
 68. Visit to Belgium, 1870. Con- 
 trib. to * Eraser's Mag. ,' and other 
 periodicals, from 1873. Married Miss 
 Baden, July 1874. Lived first at 
 Coate ; afterwards at Swindon till 
 Feb. 1877. Removed to Surbiton, 
 1877. Contrib. to 'Pall Mall Gaz.,' 
 
 * Graphic,' ' St. James's Gaz.,' * Stan- 
 dard,' 'World,' etc. Severe ill-health 
 began, 1881. Removed to West 
 Brighton, 1882 ; to Eltham, 1884 ; 
 afterwards lived at Crowborough ; 
 and at Goring, Sussex. Died, at 
 Goring, 14 Aug. 1887. Buried ab 
 Broadwater, Sussex. 
 
 Works : ' Reporting, Editing, and 
 Authorship' [1873]; 'A Memoir of 
 the Goddards of North Wilts '[1873]; 
 'Jack Brass, Emperor of England,' 
 1873; 'The Scarlet Shawl,' 1874; 
 'Restless Human Hearts' (3 vols.), 
 1875; *Suez-cide,' 1876; 'World's 
 End' (3 vols.), 1877; 'The Game- 
 keeper at Home ' (under initials, R. J.; 
 from 'Pall Mall Gaz.'), 1878 ; 'Wild 
 Life in a Southern County' (under 
 initials, R. J.; from ' Pall Mall Gaz.'), 
 1879; 'The Amateur Poacher' (under 
 initials: R. J.), 1879 ; * Greene Feme 
 Farm,' 1880 ; 'Round about a Great 
 Estate,' 1880; 'Hodge and his 
 Masters' (2 vols.), 1880; 'Wood 
 Magic,' 1881; 'The Story of My 
 Heart,' 1883; ' Nature Near London ' 
 (from ' Standard '), 1883 ; ' The Dewy 
 Morn' (2 vols.), 1884 ; 'Red Deer,' 
 1884 ; ' The Life of the Fields,' 1884; 
 ' After London,' 1885 ; ' The Open 
 Air,' 1885; 'Amaryllis at the Fair,* 
 1887. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Field and Hedge- 
 row,' ed. by his wife, 1889 ; ' History 
 
JEFFREY— JERROLD 
 
 149 
 
 of Swindon,' ed. by G. Toplis, 1897 ; 
 •Early Fiction,' ed. by G. Topli:^, 
 1897. 
 
 He edited: Gilbert White's 'Natural 
 History of Selborne,' 1887. 
 
 Life : * The Eulogy of Richard 
 Jefiferies,' by Sir W. Besant, 1888. 
 
 JEFFREY (Francis) Lord Jeffrey, 
 1773-1850. Bom, in Edinburgh, 23 
 Oct. 1773. At Edinburgh High 
 School, Oct. 1781 to 1787 ; at Glasgow 
 Univ., 1787-89. Studied Law in 
 Edinburgh, 1789-91. Matric. Queen's 
 Coll., Oxford, 17 Oct. 1791. Left 
 Oxford, 5 July 1792. Studied Law 
 in Edinburgh, 1792-93. Called to 
 Scotch Bar, 16 Dec. 1794. Visit to 
 London, 1798. Married Catherine 
 Wilson, 1 Nov. 1801 ; settled in 
 Edinburgh. Contrib. to * Monthly 
 Rev.,' 1802. Started 'Edinburgh 
 Review,' with Sydney Smith and 
 others; first number appeared, 10 Oct. 
 1802 ; he edited it till June 1829 ; 
 contrib. to it, Oct. 1802 to Jan. 1848. 
 Joined Volunteer regiment, 1803. 
 One of founders of 'Friday Club,' 
 1803. Visit to London, 1804. Wife 
 died, 8 Aug. 1805. Visit to London, 
 180G. Duel with Moore (followed by 
 reconciliation), at Chalk Farm, 11 
 Aug. 1806. Legal practice in Scot- 
 land increasing. Fell in love with 
 Charlotte Wilkes, 1810 ; followed her 
 to America, 1813 ; married her in 
 New York, Nov. 1813. Tour with 
 her in America. Returned to Eng- 
 land, Feb. 1814. Settled at Craigcrook, 
 near Edinburgh, 1815. Visit to Con- 
 tinent same year. Joined Bannatyne 
 Club, 1826. Dean of Faculty of Ad- 
 vocates, Edinburgh, 2 July 1829 ; 
 Lord Advocate, 1830. M.P. for For- 
 farshire Burghs, 1830 ; unseated owing 
 to irregularity in election. M.P. for 
 Malton, April and June 1831. Ill- 
 health, in London, 1831. M.P. for 
 Edinburgh, Dec. 1832 to 1834. Judge 
 of Court of Sessions, as Lord Jeffrey, 
 June 1834. Ill-health, 1841. Died, 
 in Edinburgh, 26 Jan. 1850. Buried 
 in Dean Cemetery. 
 
 Works : ' A Summary View of the 
 rights and claims of the Roman 
 
 Catholics of Ireland ' (anon.), 1808 ; 
 ' A Short Vindication of the late 
 Major A. Campbell' (anon.), 1810; 
 ' Contributions to the Edinburgh Re- 
 view ' (4 vols.), 1844. 
 
 He edited: J. Playfair's Works, 
 
 1822 ; Byron's Poems, 1845. 
 
 Life: (with selected Correspon- 
 dence) by Lord Cockburn, 1852. 
 
 JERROLD (Douglas Will'am), 1803- 
 1857. Born, in London, 3 Jan. 1803. 
 Early years spent at Wilby, Kent. 
 Family removed to Sheerness, 1807, 
 where his father leased a theatre. 
 Acted juvenile parts occasionally. At 
 school in Sheerness. Midshipman in 
 Navy, Dec. 1813 to Oct. 1815. Father 
 having lost money, family removed to 
 London. Apprenticed to printer. Con- 
 trib. to • Arliss's Mag.' Play, 'More 
 Frightened than Hurt,' produced at 
 Sadler's Wells Theatre, 30 April 1821. 
 Contrib. to 'Sunday Monitor,' 'Weekly 
 Times,' * Ballot,' and other periodicals, 
 from 1819. Married Mary Swann, 
 1824, but continued at first to live 
 at home. * Dramatic writer ' to 
 Coburg Theatre. ' Black-Eyed Susan ' 
 produced at Surrey Theatre, 8 June 
 1829 ; engaged by'Elliston as 'dram- 
 atic writer ' there. * The Devil's 
 Ducat,' Adelphi, 16 Dec. 1830 ; ' The 
 Bride of Ludgate,' Drury Lane, 8 
 Dec. 1831. Wrote plays till 1835. 
 Contrib. during same period to ' Athe- 
 naeum,' 'Morning Herald,' 'Monthly 
 Mag.' Owing to money losses, retired 
 to Paris, 1835. Contrib. to 'Black- 
 wood's Mag.,' 'Freemason's Quarterly,' 
 etc. Part-manager of Strand Theatre, 
 1836. Contrib. to 'Punch' (over 
 signature : ' Q.'), Sept. 1841 to 1857. 
 ' Time Works Wonders ' produced at 
 Haymarket, 26 April 1845. Edited 
 'Illuminated Mag.,' 1843-45 ; 'Douglas 
 Jerrold's Shilling Mag.,' Jan. 1846 to 
 1848 ; * Douglas Jerrold's Weekly 
 Newspaper,' 1846 ; ' Lloyd's Weekly 
 Newspaper,' 1852-57. Died, at Kil- 
 burn Priory, 8 June 1857. Buried, in 
 Norwood Cemetery. 
 
 Works : * The Smoked Miser ' 
 [1823]; 'The Witch of Durncleugh,' 
 
 1823 ; ' Beau Nash,' 1825 ; ' Ambrose 
 
150 
 
 JOHNSON 
 
 Gwinett,' 1828 ; * Fifteen Years of a 
 Drunkard's Life ' [1828 ?] ; ' Law and 
 Lions ' [1828 ?] ; 'John Overy,' 1828 ; 
 •Martha Willis,' 1828 ; 'The Flying 
 Dutchman,' 1829 ; ' Thomas h, Becket,' 
 1829; 'Vidocq,' 1829; 'Black-Eyed 
 Susan,' 1829 ; ' The Rent Day,' 1832 ; 
 ' The Housekeeper,' 1833 ; ' Nell 
 Gwynne,'1833; 'The Wedding-Gown,' 
 1834 ; 'Doves in a Cage,' 1835; 'The 
 Hazard of the Die,' 1835 ; 'The School- 
 fellows,' 1835 ; « The Perils of Pippins,' 
 1836 ; 'Men of Character' (3 vols.), 
 1838 ; 'The Hand-Book of Swindling' 
 (under pseud, of * Capt. Barabbas White- 
 feather '), [1839] ; ' The White Mil- 
 liner,' 1841 ; ' Bubbles of the Day,' 
 
 1842 ; * Time Works Wonders,' 1842; 
 'Gertrude's Cherries,' 1842; 'The 
 Prisoner of War,' 1842 ; ' Punch's 
 Letters to hia Son ' (from * Punch '), 
 
 1843 ; ' The Story of a Feather,' 1844 ; 
 ♦ Punch's Complete Letter- Writer ' 
 (from ' Punch '), 1845 ; 'Mrs. Caudle's 
 Curtain Lectures ' (from ' Punch,' 
 anon.), 1846; 'The Chronicles of 
 Clovernook,' 1846 ; ' A Man Made of 
 Money,' 1849 ; 'The Catspaw,' 1850 ; 
 'Retired from Business' [1851]; 
 'Works' (8 vols.), 1851-54; 'Heads 
 of the People ' [1852] ; ' Cakes and 
 Ale,' 1852; 'St. Cupid,' 1853; *A 
 Heart of Gold,' 1854. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Wit and Opinions,' 
 ed. by B. Jerrold, 1859 ; ' The Brown- 
 rigg Papers,' 1860 ; ' Other Times ' 
 (from ' Lloyd's '), 1868 ; ' The Bar- 
 ber's Chair and Hedgehog Letters ' 
 (from * Douglas Jerrold's Weekly 
 Newspaper '), 1874 ; * Tales,' ed. by 
 J. L. Robertson, 1891. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by B. Jerrold 
 (4 vols.), 1863-64. 
 
 Life : by W. B. Jerrold, 1859. 
 
 [His son, William Blanchard Jer- 
 rold (1826-188i), born, 23 Dec. 1826 ; 
 married Lillie Blanchard, 1849 ; en- 
 gaged in journalism ; edited 'Lloyd's,' 
 1857-84 ; spent much time in Paris ; 
 wrote a number of plays and miscel- 
 laneous works, including : ' Life and 
 Remains of Douglas Jerrold,' 1859 ; 
 ' Life of Napoleon III.' (4 vols.), 
 1874 82 ; ' Life of George Cruikshank' 
 (2 vols.), 1882 ; etc., etc.] 
 
 JOHNSON (Bichard), 1573-1659 [1]. 
 Born, in London, 1573 ; baptized, 
 24 May. Worked as an appren- 
 tice. Afterwards obtained Freedom 
 of the City of London. Perhaps 
 held a post at Court. Died, about 
 1659 [?]. 
 
 Works: 'The Nine Worthies of 
 London,' 1592; 'Famous Historie of 
 theSeavenChampIonsof Christendom,' 
 pt. i., 1596 (no copy known ; 1597 
 edn. is probably the second) ; pt. ii., 
 1608 ; pt. iii., 1616 ; ' Anglorum La- 
 chrimse,' 1603 ; The Pleasant Walks 
 of Moorefields,' 1607 ; 'The Pleasant 
 Conceites of Old Hobson,' 1607 ; ' The 
 Most Pleasant History of Tom a Lin- 
 colne,' 1607 ; 'The Crowne Garland 
 of Golden Rose,' 1612; 'A Remem- 
 brance of the Honors due to , . . 
 Robert, Earle of Salisbury ' (anon.), 
 
 1612 ; 'Looke on me, London' (anon.), 
 
 1613 ; ' The Golden Garland of 
 Princely Pleasures,' 1620 ; ' The His- 
 tory of Tom Thumbe,' 1621 ; ' Dainty 
 Conceits,' 1630. 
 
 JOHNSON (Samuel), 1709-1784. 
 Bom, at Lichfield, 18 Sept. 1709. At 
 Lichfield School, 1719-24 ; at school 
 at Stourbridge, 1724-26. Matric, 
 Pembroke Coll., Oxford, 16 Dec. 1728 ; 
 resided till Dec. 1729 ; removed name 
 from books, 1731. Usher at Market 
 Bosworth School, 1732 [?]. At Bir- 
 mingham, working for publisher of 
 'Birmingham Journal,' 1732-34. Re- 
 turned to Lichfield, 1734. Married 
 Mrs. Porter, 9 July 1735. Lived at 
 Edial, near Lichfield, taking pupils 
 (one of whom was David Garrick), 
 1735-37. To London, with Garrick, 
 March 1737. Brought his wife to 
 London, winter of 1737. Contrib. to 
 'Gentleman's Mag.,' 1738-48; wrote 
 ' Parliamentary Debates' for it, 1738- 
 43. Began to work upon his ' Dic- 
 tionary,' 1747. Wrote prologue for 
 opening of Drury Lane under Garrick's 
 management, 1747; tragedy 'Irene' 
 produced there, 6 Feb. 1749. Edited 
 (and wrote greater part of) 'The 
 Rambler,' March 1750 to March 1752. 
 Wife died, 17 March 1752. Contrib. 
 to ' The Adventurer,' 1753-54. Visit 
 
JONES 
 
 IM 
 
 to Oxford, 1754 ; degree of M.A., by 
 diploma, 10 Feb. 1755. Contrib. to 
 ' Universal Visitor,' 1756 ; to ' Lit- 
 erary Mag.,' 1756 ; edited * Literary 
 Mag.,' 1756-58. Edited (and wrote 
 greater part of) 'The Idler,' April 
 
 1758 to April 1760. Crown Pension 
 of £300, July 1762. First meeting 
 with Boiwell, 16 May 1763. Founded 
 
 * The Literary Club ' with Sir Joshua 
 Rejmolds, Burke, Goldsmith, and 
 others, 1763. Friendship with the 
 Thrales begun, 1764. Hon. LL.D., 
 Dublin, 1765. Tour in Scotland with 
 Boswell, in 1773. In Wales with the 
 Thrales, 1774 ; to Paris with them, 
 1776. Engaged on 'Lives of the 
 Poets,' 1777-81. Hon. D.C.L., Ox- 
 ford, 30 March 1775. Paralytic stroke, 
 17 June 1783. Visit to Oxford with 
 Boswell, June 1784. Died, in London, 
 13 Dec. 1784. Buried in Westminster 
 Abbey. 
 
 Works: 'London' (anon.), 1738; 
 'Marmor Norfolciense ' (anon.), 1739 ; 
 ' A compleat vindication of the licensees 
 of the Stage' (anon.), 1739; 'Pro- 
 posals for publishing "Bibliotheca 
 Harleiana," ' 1742 ; * Catalogus Biblio- 
 thecse HarleiantB* (with others ; anon.), 
 1743-45 ; 'An Account of the life of Mr. 
 Richard Savage' (anon.), 1744; 'An 
 Account of the life of J. P. Barretier ' 
 (anon.), 1744; 'Miscellaneous Obser- 
 vations on the Tragedy of Macbeth,' 
 1745 ; ' Plan for a Dictionary of the 
 English Language,' 1747 ; ' The 
 Vanity of Human Wishes,' 1749 ; 
 
 * Irene,' 1749 ; ' A New Prologue ' 
 (anon.), 1750; 'The Rambler' (4 
 vols.), 1750-52; ' A Dictionary of the 
 English Language,' 1755; 'Account 
 of an attempt to ascertain the Longi- 
 tude at Sea' (anon.), 1755; 'The 
 Idler' (103 nos.), 1758-60 ; 'The Re- 
 view of a Free Inquiry' (anon.), 
 
 1759 ; ' The Prince of Abyasinia ' 
 (afterwards pub. as 'Rasselas '), 1759 
 (2nd edn. same year) ; ' The False 
 Alarm' (anon.), 1770; 'Thoughts on 
 the late Transactions respecting Falk- 
 land's Islands ' (anon.), 1771; 'The 
 Patriot ' (anon.), 1774 ; * A Journey to 
 the Western Isles of Scotland' (anon.), 
 1775 ; 'The Convict's Address' (anon.), 
 
 1777 ; ' Prefaces Biographical and Cri- 
 tical to the Works of the most eminent 
 English Poets,' 1779. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Poetical Works,' 
 1785 (2nd edn. same year) ; ' Prayers 
 and Meditations,' ed. by Gt. Strahan, 
 1785 ; 'Memoirs of Charles Frederick, 
 King of Prussia,' ed. by Harrison, 
 1786; 'Debates in Parliament' (anon.), 
 1787 ; ' Correspondence with Mrs. 
 Thrale,' 1788 ; ' Sermons left for Pub- 
 lication' (attrib. to Johnson), 1788; 
 ' A Sermon ... for the Funeral of his 
 Wife,' 1788 ; ' Letter to the Earl of 
 Chesterfield,' ed. by Boswell, 1790 ; 
 'An Account of the Life of Dr. Samuel 
 Johnson from his Birth to his Eleventh 
 Year, written by himself,' 1805 ; 'A 
 Diary of a Journey into North Wales,' 
 ed. by R. Dnppa, 1816 ; 'Letters,' ed. 
 byG. P. Hill (2 vols.), 1892. 
 
 He translated : Lobo's ' Voyage to 
 Abyssinia,' 1735 ; and edited: Sir T. 
 Browne's ' Christian Morals,' with life 
 of the author, 1756 ; Shakespeare's 
 Plays (8 vols.), 1765 ; ' The Works of 
 the English Poets' (68 vols,), 1779-81. 
 He contributed a 'Life of Ascham ' to 
 Bennet's edn. of Ascham's 'English 
 Works,* 1763, as well as a number of 
 prefaces and dedications to works by 
 his friends. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by Hawkins 
 and Stockdale (13 vols.), 1787 ; ed. by 
 F. P. Walesby (11 vols.), 1825. 
 
 lA/e : by Boswell, 1791. 
 
 JONES {Sir William), 1746-1794. 
 Born, in Westminster, 28 Sept. 1746. 
 At Harrow School, 1753-64. Matric, 
 Univ. Coll., Oxford, 15 March 1764 ; 
 Scholar, 31 Oct. 1764 ; Fellow, 1766 ; 
 B.A., 1768 ; M.A., 1773. Private 
 tutor to Lord Althorp, 1765-70. 
 F.R.S., 1 772. Mem. of Literary Club, 
 1773. Called to Bar at Middle 
 Teirple, 1774. Commissioner of Bank- 
 ruptcy, 1776. Judge of High Court 
 at Calcutta, 1783-94. Knighted, 19 
 March 1783. Married Anna Maria 
 Shipley, April 1783. Arrived at Cal- 
 cutta, Dec. 1783. Founded Bengal 
 Asiatic Soc, Jan. 1784, Edited 'The 
 Asiatic Miscellany,' 1787. Wife re- 
 turned to Europe, owing to ill-hea,lthi 
 
152 
 
 JONSON 
 
 Dec. 1793. He died, at Calcutta, 27 
 April 1794. Buried there. 
 
 Works : * Traits sur la Poesie Orien- 
 tale,' 1770; 'Dissertation sur la 
 litterature Orientale ' (anon.), 1771; 
 
 * Grammar of the Persian Language,' 
 1771 ; 'Lettre h, Monsieur A*** du 
 P***' (anon.), 1771; 'Poems, con- 
 sisting chiefly of translations from the 
 Asiatick Languages' (anon.), 1772; 
 'Poeseos Asiaticse Comraentariorum 
 libri sex,' 1774 ; ' A Dialogue between 
 a Country Farmer and a Gentleman ' 
 (anon.), 1778; 'A Speech,' 1780; 
 
 * An Inquiry into the Legal Mode of 
 Suppressing Riots ' (anon.), 1780; 'An 
 Essay on the Law of Bailments,' 
 1781; 'The Muse Recalled,' 1781; 
 ' An Ode in imitation of Alcaeus ' 
 (anon.), [1782] ;' The Principles of 
 Government ' (anon, ), 1782 ; * A Letter 
 to a Patriot Senator ' (anon.), 1783 ; 
 
 * On the Orthography of Asiatick 
 Words,' 1784; 'On the Gods of 
 Greece, Italy and India,' 1876 ; * On 
 the Hindus,' 1786; *0n the Arabs,' 
 1787 ; ' On the Tartars,' 1788 ; 'On the 
 Persians,' 1789 ; • On the Chinese,' 
 1790 ; 'On the Borderers, Mountaineers 
 and Islanders of Asia,' 1791 ; 'On the 
 Origin and Families of Nations,' 1792 ; 
 ♦On Asiatick History,' 1793 ; 'On the 
 Philosophy of the Asiaticks,' 1794. 
 
 He translated : ' Life of Nader Shah ' 
 (into French), 1770 (English version, 
 1773); 'The Moallakat,' 1782; 'The 
 Mahomedan Law of Succession,' 1782 ; 
 *SacontaU,' 1789 ; ' Al-Siri£jiyyah, or 
 Mahomedan Law of Inheritance,' 
 1792 ; Mann's ' Institutes,' 1796. 
 
 Collected Works: 'Works,' ed. by 
 A. M. Jones (6 vols.), 1799 ; two 
 supplemental vols., 1801 ; ' Poetical 
 Works,' 1810 ; ' Discourses, etc.,' 
 1821. 
 
 Life : * Memoirs,' by Lord Teign- 
 mouth, 1804. 
 
 JONSON (Ben), 1573[?]-1637. Born, 
 in Westminster [?], 1573 [?]• Edu- 
 cated at Sb.-Martin's-in-the-Fields 
 Parish School ; and at Westminster 
 School. Worked as a bricklayer for a 
 short time ; afterwards served with 
 English troops in Flanders. Returned 
 
 to England about 1592; married soon 
 afterwards. First acted, and wrote 
 for stage, about 1595. Imprisoned for 
 killing a fellow-actor in a duel, 1598. 
 Became a Roman Catholic, same year. 
 •Every Man in His Humour,' pro- 
 duced at Globe Theatre, 1598. 
 Wrote plays for Henslowe's company, 
 1599-1602. 'Sejanus,' produced at 
 Globe Theatre, 1603. Proliflc writer 
 of plays ; and of Masques, for Court 
 performance, 1605-30. Imprisoned for 
 a short time in connection with po- 
 litical allusions in play 'Eastward Ho,' 
 1605. In France, as tutor to son of 
 Sir W. Raleigh, 1613. Journey to 
 Scotland, on foot, 1618. Elected 
 Burgess of Edinburgh, Sept. 1618. 
 Visited Drummond of Hawthornden. 
 Returned to England, spring of 1619. 
 Visit to Oxford, 1620 ; received Hon. 
 M.A. degree. Ill-health began, 1626. 
 Chronologer to City of London, Sept. 
 1628 ; deprived of salary, 16S1 ; re- 
 stored to post, Sept. 1634. Died, in 
 London, 6 Aug. 1637. Buried in 
 Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works: 'Every Man Out of Hia 
 Humour,' 1600 (2nd edn. same year) ; 
 'Cynthia's Revels,' 1600; 'Every 
 Man in his Humour,' 1601; 'Poet- 
 aster,' 1602; Additions to 'Jeron- 
 ymo,' 1602; 'A Particular Enter- 
 tainment,' 1603 ; ' Part of King James 
 his . . . Entertainment,' 1604 ; ' Se- 
 janus,' 1605 ; * Eastward Ho ' (with 
 Chapman and Marston), 1605 (3rd edn. 
 same year) ; ' Hymenaei,' 1606 ; ' Vol- 
 pone,' 1607 ; 'Description of the . . . 
 Masque ' at Viscount Hadington'g 
 Marriage [1608]; 'Epiccene,' 1609; 
 'The Character of two royall Masques,' 
 1609 ; 'Ben Jonson, his Case is Al- 
 tered,' 1609 ; 'The Masque of Queenes,' 
 1609 ; 'Cateline his Conspiracy,' 1611 ; 
 'The Alchemist,' 1612; ' Certayne 
 Masques,' 1615; 'Works' (2 vols.), 
 1616-40; 'Lovers Made Men' (known 
 as ' The Masque of Lethe ' ; anon. ), 
 1617 ; ' The Masque of Augures,' 1621 ; 
 'Neptune's Triumph' (anon.), [1623] ; 
 ' The Fortunate Isles ' [1624] ; 'Love's 
 Triumph through Callipolis,' 1630 ; 
 'Chloridia ' [1630 ?] ; 'The New Inne,' 
 1631. 
 
JOWETT— KAYB 
 
 153 
 
 Posthumous : ' The Bloody Brother, 
 by B. J. F.' (mainly by Fletcher ; 
 perhaps part by Jonson), 1639; 
 ♦Underwoods,' 1640; 'Execration 
 against Vulcan,' 1640 ; 'The English 
 Grammar,' 1640 ; ' The Widow ' (with 
 Fletcher and Middleton), 1652 ; 'The 
 Fall of Mortimer' (anon.; completed 
 by another hand), 1771 ; 'The Sad 
 Shepherd,' ed. by F. G. Waldron, 
 1783. 
 
 He translated : * Horace his Art of 
 Poetrie,' 1640. 
 
 Collected Worhs : in one vol., 1692 ; 
 in 7 vols., ed. by Whalley, 1756 ; ed. 
 by Gifford, 1816. 
 
 Life : by J. A. Symonds, 1886. 
 
 JOWETT (Benjamin), 1817-1893. 
 Born, at Camber well, 15 April 1817. 
 At St. Paul's School, 16 June 1829 
 to 1836. Scholar, Balliol Coll., Ox- 
 ford, Dec. 1835 to 1839 ; matric, 30 
 Nov., 1836 ; Hertford Scholar, 1837 ; 
 Fellow, Balliol Coll., 1838-70 ; Tutor, 
 1843-70. B.A., 1839; Latin Essay 
 Prize, 1841; M.A., 1842. M.A., 
 Durham, 1842. Ordained Deacon, 
 1842 ; Priest, 1845 ; Mem. of Com- 
 mission on I.C.S. Exams., 1853. 
 Regius Prof, of Greek, Oxford, 1855- 
 93. Master of Balliol Coll., 1870-93. 
 Hon. Doc, Leyden Univ., Feb. 1875. 
 Vice - Chancellor of Oxford Univ., 
 1882-86. Hon. LL.D., Edinburgh, 
 1884 ; Hon. LL.D., Dublin, 1886 ; 
 Hon. LL.D., Cambridge, 1890. Died, 
 at Oxford, 1 Oct. 1893. 
 
 Worhs: 'De Etruscorum Oultu,' 
 1841 ; Edition of 'Epistles to Gala- 
 tians, Thessalonians and Romans ' (2 
 vols.), 1855 ; ' On the Interpretation 
 of Scripture,' in 'Essays and Reviews,' 
 1860 ; Translation of Plato's Dia- 
 logues (4 vols.) 1871 ; ' Lord Lytton,' 
 1873 ; Translation of Thucydides (2 
 vols.) 1881 ; Translation of the 'Poli- 
 tics ' of Ariatotle (2 vols.), 1885. 
 
 Posthumous : ' College Sermons,' 
 ed. by Hon. W. H. Fremantle, 1895. 
 
 Life : by E. Abbott and L. Camp- 
 bell, 1897. 
 
 KAVANAGH (Julia), 1824-1877. 
 Born, at Thurles, 1824. With hev 
 parents in France, during child- 
 
 hood. To London 1844. Adopted 
 literary life. Contrib. to 'Argosy,' 
 1877. Later years spent at Nice. 
 Died there, 28 Oct. 1877. 
 
 Works: 'The Montyon Prizes' 
 (anon.), 1846; 'Madeleine,' 1848; 
 ' The Three Paths,' 1848 ; ' Women in 
 France during the Eighteenth Cen- 
 tury,' 1850 ; ' Nathalie,' 1850 ; 
 ' Women of Christianity,' 1852 ; 
 'Daisy Burns,' 1853; 'Grace Lee,' 
 1855; * Rachel Gray,' 1856; 'A 
 Summer and Winter in the Two 
 Sicilies' (2 vols.), 1858; 'Adfele,' 
 
 1858 ; 'Seven Years,' 1859 ; 'French 
 Women of Letters' (2 vols.), 1862 
 [1861] ; ' English Women of Letters,' 
 1862 ; ' Queen Mab,' 1863 ; ' Beatrice,' 
 1864 ; 'Sybil's Second Love,' 1867 ; 
 'Dora,' 1868 ; ' Silvia,' 1870 ; ' Bessie,' 
 1872 ; 'John Dorrien,' 1875 ; ' Pearl 
 Fountain ' (with B. Kavanagh), 1876 ; 
 'Two Lilies,' 1877. 
 
 Posthumous : ♦ Forget - me - Nots/ 
 ed. by C. W. Wood, 1878. 
 
 EAYE {Sir John WUliam), 1814- 
 1876. Born, at Acton, 1814. Edu- 
 cated at Eton, and at Royal Mil. 
 Coll., Addiscombe. To India, as 
 Cadet in Bengal Artillery, 1832. 
 Married Mary Catherine Puckle, 
 1839. Left army, 1841. Started 
 'Calcutta Review,' 1846. Returned 
 to England, 1845. Frequent contri- 
 butor to periodicals. Post in Home 
 service of H.E.LC., 1856. Sec. to Poli- 
 tical Department, Home Office, 1858- 
 74. F.R.S.,1866. K.C.S.I., May 1871. 
 Died, at Forest Hill, 24 July 1876. 
 
 Worhs : ' The Story of Basil Bou- 
 verie ' (anon.), 1842 ; * Peregrine Pul- 
 tuney' (anon.), 1844 ; 'History of the 
 War in Afghanistan ' (2 vols.), 1851 ; 
 'The Administration of the East 
 India Company,' 1853 ; ' The Life 
 and Correspondence of Charles, Lord 
 Metcalfe' (2 vols.), 1854 (2nd edn. 
 same year) ; ' The Life and Corre- 
 spondence of Henry St. George 
 Tucker,' 1854 ; 'The Life and Corre- 
 spondence of Sir John Malcolm ' (2 
 vols.), 1856 ; * Christianity in India,' 
 
 1859 ; ' The History of the Sepoy 
 War' (3 vols.), 1864-76 (another edn., 
 
154 
 
 KEATS— KEBLE 
 
 continued by Ool. Malleson, pub. as 
 
 * Kaye and Malleson's History of the 
 Indian Mutiny,' 1888-89) ; 'Lives of 
 Indian OfBceis * (from ' Good Words '), 
 1867 ; Letterpress to ' India, Ancient 
 and Modern,' 1867; 'The Essays of 
 an Optimist' (from 'Oornhill Mag.'), 
 1870. 
 
 He edited : Buckle's * Memoirs . . . 
 of the Bengal Artillery,' 1852 ; 
 Tucker's ' Memorials of Indian Go- 
 vernment,' 1853 ; • Selections from 
 the papers of Baron Metcalfe,' 1855 ; 
 
 * The Autobiography of Miss Cornelia 
 Knight,' 1861 ; Taylor's ' People of 
 India' (with J. F. Watson), 1868. 
 
 KEATS (John), 1795-1821. Bom, 
 
 in London, 31 Oct. 1795. At school 
 at Enfield, at irregular periods between 
 1801 and 1810. His mother removed 
 to Edmonton, 1806. Apprenticed to 
 Surgeon at Edmonton, 1810. To 
 London, 1814. Studied medicine at 
 St. Thomas's and Guy's Hospitals. 
 Appointed Dresser at Guy's, March 
 
 1816. Licentiate of Apothecaries' 
 Hall, 25 July 1816. Oontrib. to ' The 
 Examiner,' 181617. Friendship with 
 Leigh Hunt and Haydon begun about 
 this time. Abandoned medical career, 
 
 1817. Visit to Oxford, Sept. to Oct. 
 1817 ; Contrib. poems to 'The Cham- 
 pion,' 1817 ; wrote dramatic criticism 
 for it, Dec. 1817 to Jan. 1818. At 
 this period resided mainly with his 
 brothers at Hampstead. Walking 
 tour with Charles Armitage Brown in 
 Northern England and Scotland, June 
 to Aug. 1818. Engaged to Fanny 
 Brawne, Dec. 1818. One brother 
 married and went to America, June 
 1818 ; the other died, Dec. 1818. 
 Lived at Shanklin and Winchester 
 successively during early part of 1819 ; 
 settled in Westminster, Oct. 1819. 
 Contrib. ' Ode to a Nightingale ' to 
 
 * Annals of the Fine Arts,' 1819 ; *La 
 Belle Dame Sans Merci ' to ' The In- 
 dicator,* 1820. Consumption set in, 
 Feb. 1820. Sailed with Joseph Severn 
 to Italy, Sept. 1820 ; arrived at 
 Naples in Oot. ; at Kome in Nov. 
 Diel, in Rome, 23 Feb. 1821. Buried 
 in Old Protestant Cemetery there. 
 
 Works: 'Poems,' 1817; 'Endy- 
 mion,' 1818; 'Lamia; Isabella; the 
 Eve of St. Agnes,' 1820. 
 
 Posi humous : ' Life, Letters and 
 Literary Remains,' ed. by R. Monck- 
 ton Milnes, 1848 ; * Letters to Fanny 
 B:m vi: ,' ed. by H. Buxton Forman, 
 1878; 'Lotters,' ed. by H. Buxton 
 Forman, 1895. 
 
 Golected Works : ed. by H. Buxton 
 Forman (4 vols.), 1883. 
 
 Life : by Lord Houghton, revised 
 edn. 1867 ; by W. M. Rossetti, 1887 ; 
 by Sidney Colvin, 1887. 
 
 KEBLE (John), 1792-1868. Born, 
 at Fairford, Gloucestershire, 25 April 
 1792. Early education by his father, 
 Matric. Corpus Christi Coll., Oxford, 
 12 Dec. 1806 ; Scholar, 1806 - 12 ; 
 B.A., 1810; Fellow of Oriel Coll., 
 1812-35; M.A., 1813; English Essay 
 and Latin Essay Prizes, 1812; Public 
 Examiner, 1813 and 1821-23 ; Tutor 
 of Oriel Coll., 1818-23. Ordained 
 Deacon, 1815 ; Priest, 1816. Curate 
 of East Leach and Burthorpe, 1815. 
 Resided at Oxford till May 1823 ; 
 then returned to Fairford. Curate of 
 Southrop, 1823-25 ; of Hursley, Win- 
 chester, 1825-26. Returned to Fair- 
 ford, 1826, to assist his father (who 
 was Vicar of Coin St. Aldwins). 
 Oxford Examiner for India House 
 exams., 1830-32. Professor of Poetry, 
 Oxford, 1831-42. Married Charlotte 
 Clarke, 10 Oct. 1835. Vicar of Hurs- 
 ley, March 1 836 to 1866. Contrib. to 
 ' British Mag.' Died, at Bourne- 
 mouth, 29 March 1866. Buried in 
 Hursley Churchyard. 
 
 Works : * On Translation from Dead 
 Languages' (anon. ; priv. ptd.), 1812; 
 * The Christian Year ' (2 vols. ; anon. ), 
 1827 ; Tracts nos. 4, 13, 40, 52, 54, 
 57, 60, 89 of ' Tracts for the Times,' 
 1833-34; Contributions to 'Lyra 
 Apostolica,' 1836 ; ' The Psalter . . . 
 in English Verse ' (anon.), 1839 ; ' The 
 Case of Catholic Subscription to the 
 39 Articles' (priv. ptd.), 1841 ; 'An 
 Horology' (under initials: J. K), 
 [1842] ; 'De PoeticEe Vi Medicae' (2 
 vols.), 1844; 'Heads of Consideration 
 on the Case of Mr. Ward,' 1845 ; 
 
KEIGHTLEY— KEMBLE 
 
 155 
 
 • Lyra Innocentinm ' (anon.), 1846; 
 
 • Sermons Academical and Occasional, ' 
 1847 ; * Against Profane Dealing with 
 Holy Matriir.ony in regard of a man 
 and his wife's sister,' 1849 ; ' Pastoral 
 Tracts on the Gorham Question,' 1850; 
 ♦Church Matters in 1850' [1850]; 
 
 • On the Representation of the Univer- 
 sity of Oxford,' 1852; 'A very few 
 plain thoughts on the proposed addi- 
 tion of Dissenters to the University 
 of Oxford,' 1854 ; * An Argument for 
 not proceeding immediately to repeal 
 the laws which treat the Nuptial 
 Bond as Indissoluble,' 1857 ; 'Sequel ' 
 to preceding, 1857 ; ' On Eucharistical 
 Adoration,' 1857; 'The Life of 
 Thomas Wilson, Bishop of Sodor and 
 Man,' 1863 ; • A Litany of Our 
 Lord's Warnings,' 1864 ; and a few 
 separate sermons. 
 
 Posthumous : * Letter to a Member 
 of Convocation' (from 'Lit. Church- 
 man'), 1867; 'Sermons Occasional 
 and Parochial,' 1867 ; ' Village Ser- 
 mons on the Baptismal Service,' 1869 
 [1868]; 'The State in its relations 
 with the Church ' (from ' British Critic '), 
 1869 ; * Miscellaneous Poems,' ed. by 
 Canon Moberly, 1869; 'Letters of 
 Spiritual Counsel,' ed. by R. F. Wil- 
 son, 1870 ; ' Sermons for the Chrii>tian 
 Year,' ed. by Pusey (11 vols.), 1875- 
 80 ; ' Studia Sacra,' ed. by Canon 
 Norris, 1877 ; ' Occasional Papers and 
 Reviews,' ed. by Pusey, 1877 ; ' Out- 
 lines of Instructions ... for the 
 Church Seasons,' ed. by R. F. Wilson, 
 1880. 
 
 He translated : Irenseus, for Pusey's 
 •Library of the Fathers,' 1838 ; and 
 edited : Hooker's Works, 1836 ; R. H. 
 Froude's 'Remains' (with Newman), 
 1838-39 ; Bishop Wilson's ' Works,' 
 1863; 'Hymns for Little Children,' 
 1848. 
 
 Life : by Sir J. T. Coleridge, 1870. 
 
 KEIGHTLEY (Thomas), 1789-1872. 
 Born, in Dublin, 17 Oct. 1789. To 
 Trin. CoU., Dublin, 4 July 1803. B.A., 
 1808. To Loudon, 1824. Active 
 literary life. Civil List Pension, 1855. 
 Died, at Erith, Kent, 4 Nov. 1872. 
 
 Works: 'The Fairy Mythology' 
 
 (2 vols. ; anon,), 1828 ; 'History of 
 the War of Independence in Greece ' 
 (2 vols.), 1830; 'The Mythology 
 of Ancient Greece and Italy,' 1831 
 (abridged version, 1832); 'Outlines 
 of History' (anon.), 1831 ; 'Tales and 
 Popular Fictions,' 1834; 'The Cru- 
 saders,' 1834 ; ' History of Greece,' 
 1835 ; 'The History of Rome to the 
 end of the Republic,' 1836 ; ' Secret 
 Societies of the Middle Ages ' (anon.), 
 1837 ; ' History of England ' (2 vols.), 
 1837 - 89 ; ' History of the Roman 
 Empire,' 1840 ; ' An Elementary His- 
 tory of England,' 1841 ; 'An Ele- 
 mentary History of Greece,' 1841 ; 
 ' Notes on the Bucolics and Georgics 
 of Virgil,' 1846 ; * A History of India,' 
 [1846-47]; 'Additional illustrations 
 of the Bucolics, etc.,' 1850 ; ' Account 
 of the Life ... of John Milton,* 
 1855; 'The Shakespeare Expositor,' 
 1867. 
 
 He translated : Van Koetsveld's 
 'The Manse of Mastland,' 1860 ; and 
 edited : Virgil's ' Bucolics and Geor- 
 gics,' 1847 ; Horace's ' Satires and 
 Epistles,* 1848 ; Ovid's 'Fasti,' Bk. 
 vi., 1839; Ovid's 'Fasti' complete, 
 1848 ; Sallust's ' Catalina and Ju- 
 gurtha,' 1849 ; Milton's Poems, 1859 ; 
 Shakespeare's 'Plays,' 1864 ; 'Shake- 
 speare's * Plays and Poems,' 1865. 
 
 EEMBLE (Frances Anna), 1809- 
 1893. Born, in London, 27 Nov. 
 1809. First appearance at Covent 
 Garden Theatre, 5 Oct. 1829 ; acted 
 there till 1832. Tragedy, 'Francis I.,' 
 produced at Covent Garden, 15 
 March 1832. Acted with her father 
 in America, 1832-34. Married Pierce 
 Butler, 7 Jan, 1834. Separated from 
 him, 1846, Visit to England, 1847 ; 
 acted in Manchester and London. 
 Acted in America, autumn 1847 to 
 spring 1848. Obtained divorce from 
 husband, 1848. First Public Reading 
 in London, April 1848 ; in Phila- 
 delphia, Oct, 1849, Resumed maiden 
 name. Lived at Lenox, Mass., 1849- 
 68 ; lived near New York, 1868-69. 
 Gave public Readings in America, 
 1856-60, 1866-68. In Europe, 1869-73. 
 In America, 1873-77. Returned to 
 
156 
 
 KEN— KINGLAKE 
 
 London, 1877. Died there, 15 Jan. 
 1893. 
 
 Works : * Francis the First,' 1832 ; 
 'Journal of F. A. Butler,' 1885; 
 
 ♦ The Star of Seville,' 1837 ; * Poems,' 
 1844 ; 'A Year of Consolation,' 1847; 
 
 ♦ Plays,' 1863 ; * Journal of a Resi- 
 dence on a Georgian Plantation,' 
 1863; 'Poems,' 1866 [1865]; 'Record 
 of a Girlhood,' 1878; 'Record of 
 Later Life' (3 vols.), 1882; 'Notes 
 upon some of Shakespeare's Plays,' 
 1882; 'Poems,' 1883; 'Far Away 
 and Long Ago,' 1889; 'Further 
 Records ' (2 vols.), 1890. 
 
 KEN (Thomas), Bishop of Bath 
 and Wells, 1637-1711. Born, at 
 Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire, July 
 1637. Scholar of Winchester Coll., 
 Sept. 1651 ; admitted, Jan. 1652. 
 Fellow of New Coll., Oxford, 1656- 
 66. To Hart Hall, Oxford, 1656 ; to 
 New Coll., 1657; B.A., 3 May 1661; 
 M.A., 21 Jan. 1665 ; Tutor of New 
 Coll., 1661. Ordained 1661 [or 1662]. 
 Rector of Little Easton, Essex, 1663- 
 65. Domestic Chaplain to Bishop of 
 Winchester, and Rector of St. John- 
 in-the-Soke, 1665. Fellow of Win- 
 chester Coll., 8 Dec. 1666. Rector of 
 Brightstone (or Brixton), L of W., 
 1667-69. Prebendary of Winchester, 
 1669. Rector of East Woodhay, 
 Hampshire, 1669-72. Lived at Win- 
 chester, 1672-79. Travelled on Con- 
 tinent, 1675. D.D., Oxford, 1679. 
 To the Hague, as Chaplain to Mary 
 Princess of Orange, 1679-80. Re- 
 turned to Winchester, 1680 ; ap- 
 pointed Chaplain to King. With Lord 
 Dartmouth to Tangier, as Chaplain, 
 Aug. 1683. Returned to England, 
 April 1684. Bishop of Bath and 
 Wells, Nov. 1684 ; compelled to re- 
 sign, as a Non- juror, April 1691. 
 For rest of life under patronage of 
 Lord Weymouth. Crown pension, 
 1704. Died, at Longleat, 19 Marcl, 
 1711. Buried at Frome Selwood. 
 
 Works: ' Manual of Prayers ' (anon.), 
 1674 (another edn., with 'Hymns,' 
 1695) ; Funeral Sermon for Lady 
 Margaret Mainard, 1682; 'Sermon 
 preached at Whitehall,' 1685; 'An 
 
 Exposition on the Church Catechism ; 
 or, Practice of Divine Love' (anon.), 
 1685 (another edn,, with 'Direction-! 
 for Prayer,' 1686) ; ' Pastoral Letter,' 
 1688 ; ' Prayers for the use of all 
 persons who come to Bath for cure ' 
 (anon.), 1692; 'A Letter 'to the 
 Author of a " Sermon preached at the 
 Funeral of her late Majesty " ' (anon.), 
 1695 (another edn., called * A Duti- 
 ful! Letter,' 1703); 'The Royai 
 Sufferer ' (under initials : T. K. ; at- 
 tributed to Ken), 1699; 'Expostula- 
 toria,' 1711. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by Hawkins 
 (4 vols.), 1721. 
 
 Life : by Dean Plumptre, revised 
 edn., 1890. 
 
 KILLIGREW (Thomas), 1612-1683. 
 Bom, in Lothbury, London, 7 Feb. 
 1612. Page to Charles L, 1633. 
 Married Cecilia Crofts, 29 June 1636. 
 In France, 1635-40 [?] ; plays 'The 
 Prisoners,' 'Claracilla,' 'The Parson's 
 Wedding,' produced at Drury Lane 
 about same period. Imprisoned on 
 charge of treason, 1642-44. To Ox- 
 ford, 1644. With Prince Charles in 
 France, 1647. Ambassador at Venice, 
 1651-52. Remained abroad till 1660. 
 After wife's death, married Charlotte 
 de Hesse, 28 Jan, 1655. Groom 
 of Bedchamber to Charles II., 1660. 
 Afterwards Chamberlain to the Queen. 
 Granted Royal Patent to erect a 
 theatre, Aug. 1660 ; second patent, 
 Jan. 1663. First Drury Lane Tlieatre 
 opened by him, 8 April 1663 ; theatre 
 burnt down, Jan. 1672. Master of 
 Revels, 1673. New Drury Lane 
 Theatre opened, 26 March 1674. 
 Died, at Whitehall, 19 March 1683. 
 Buried in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works : ' The Prisoners, and Clara- 
 cilia,' 1641 ; ' Comedies and Tragedies ' 
 (containing : ' The Princess,' * The 
 Parson's Wedding,' 'The Pilgrim,' 
 'Cecilia and Clorinda,* 'Thomaso,' 
 'Bellamira her Dream,' 'Claracilla,* 
 'The Prisoners'), 1664. 
 
 KINGLAKE (Alexander William), 
 1809-1891. Born, at Taunton, 5 Aug, 
 1809. Early education at Eton. Matric. 
 Trin. Coll., Camb., 1828 ; B.A., 1832 ; 
 
KINGSLEY 
 
 157 
 
 M.A., 1836. Student of Lincoln's 
 Inn, 14 April 1832 ; called to Bar, 5 
 May 1837. Travelled in East, 1835. 
 Contrib. to 'Quarterly Rev.,' Dec. 
 1844 and March 1845. To Algiers, 
 1845 ; accompanied St. Arnaud's forces. 
 With English forces during Crimean 
 War, 1854. M.P. for Bridgewater, 
 1857-69. Contrib. to 'Blackwood's 
 Mag.,' Sept. 1872. Died, in London, 
 2 Jan. 1891. 
 
 Works: 'Eothen' (anon.), 1844; 
 •Invasion of the Crimea,' vols, i., ii., 
 1863; vols, iii., iv., 1868; vol. v., 
 1875 ; vol. vi., 1880 ; vols, vii., viii. 
 
 1887. 
 
 KINGSIEY (Charles), 1819-1875. 
 Born, at Holne Vicarage, Devonshire, 
 12 June 1819. At school at Clifton, 
 1831-32 ; at Helston, Cornwall, 1832- 
 36. Family removed to London, 1836. 
 Student at King's Coll., London 
 1836-38. Matric. Magdalene Coll., 
 Camb., Oct. 1838 ; Scholar, 1839 ; 
 B.A., 1842; M.A., 1860. Ordained 
 Curate of Eversley, Hampshire, July 
 1842. Married Fanny Grenfell, 10 
 Jan. 1844 ; Rector of Eversley, same 
 year. Clerk in Orders, St. Luke's, 
 Chelsea, 1844-49. Canon of Middle- 
 ham, 1845. Prof, of English Lit., 
 Queen's Coll., London, 1848. Contrib. 
 (under pseud, of .'Parson Lot') to 
 •Politics for the People,' 1848 ; and to 
 •The Christian Socialist,' 1850-51. 
 Contrib. to ' Fraser's Mag.,' 1848, etc. 
 Ill-health, winter 1848-49. First visit 
 to Continent, 1851. At Torquay, 
 winter 1853-54. Chaplain in Ordinary 
 to the Queen, 1 859. Prof, of Modern 
 History, Cambridge, 1860-69. In- 
 creasing ill-health from 1864. Pros, 
 of Social Science Congress, 1869. 
 Canon of Chester, 1869. Visit to 
 West Indies, winter 1869-70. Re- 
 sided at Chester, May 1870 to 1873. 
 Pres. of Midland Institute, 1872. 
 Canon of Westminster, 1873. Visit 
 to America, 1874. Died, at Eversley, 
 23 Jan. 1875. Buried there. 
 
 Works: •The Saint's Tragedy,' 
 1848 ; ' Twenty-five Village Sermons,' 
 1849; 'Alton Locke' (anon.), 1850 ; 
 
 ' Cheap Clothes and Nasty ' (under 
 pseud. 'Parson L')t'), 1850; 'The 
 Application of Associative . . . Principles 
 to Agriculture,' 1851 ; 'Yeast' (anon.), 
 (from 'Fraser's Mag.'), 1851; 'The 
 Message of the Church to Labouring 
 Men,' 1851 ; 'Phaethon,' 1852 ; 'Ser- 
 mons on National Subjects' (2 ser.), 
 1852-54; 'Hypatia' (from 'Fraser's 
 Mag.'), 1853; 'Alexandria and her 
 Schools,' 1854 ; ' Who causes Pesti- 
 lence?' 1854 ; ' Sermons for the Times,' 
 1855 ; * Westward Ho I' 1855 ; 
 'Glaucus,' 1855; 'The Heroes,' 1856 
 [1855]; 'Two Ye^s Ago,' 1857; 
 ' Andromeda,' 1858 ; 'The Good News 
 of God,' 1859 ; 'Miscellanies,' 1859 ; 
 ' The Limits of Exact Sciences as 
 applied to History,' 1860; 'Why 
 should we pray for Fair Weather?' 
 1860; 'Town and Country Sermons,' 
 
 1861 ; 'A Sermon on the death of . . . 
 the Prince Consort,' 1862 [1861]; 
 ' Speech of Lord Dundreary ... on the 
 great Hippocampus question ' (anon.), 
 
 1862 ; ' The Gospel of the Pentateuch,' 
 
 1863 ; ' The Water Babies,' 1863 ; 
 'What, then, does Dr. Newman mean ?' 
 
 1864 ; ' The Roman and the Teuton,' 
 1864 ; ' Hints to Stammerers' (anon.), 
 1864 ; ♦ David,' 1865 ; • Hereward the 
 Wake,' 1866; 'The Temple of Wisdom,' 
 1866 ; ' Three Lectures on the " Ancien 
 Regime," ' 1867; 'The Water of Life,' 
 1867 ; ' The Hermits,' 1868 ; ' Dis- 
 cipline,' 1868; 'God's Feast,' 1869; 
 ' Madame How and Lady Why,' 1870 
 [1869]; 'At Last,' 1871; 'Poems,' 
 1872 [1871] ; 'Town Geology,' 1872 ; 
 •Prose Idylls,' 1873; 'Plays and 
 Puritans,' 1873 ; ' Health and Educa- 
 tion,' 1874 ; ' Westminster Sermons,' 
 187^ ; 'Lectures delivered in America,' 
 1875. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Letters to Young 
 Men,' 1877; 'True Words for Brave 
 Men,' ed. by his wife, 1878; 'AH 
 Saints' Day, and other Sermons,' ed. 
 by W. Harrison, 1878 ; ' From Death 
 to Life,' ed. by his wife, 1887. 
 
 He edited : Mansfield's 'Paraguay,' 
 
 1856 ; Tauler's • History and Life,' 
 
 1857 ; Brooke's ' The Fool of Quality,' 
 
 1859 ; Bunyan's 'Pilgrim's Progress,' 
 
 1860 [1859] ; ' South by West,' 1874. 
 
158 
 
 KINGSLEY— KNIGHT 
 
 Collected Works : in 28 vols., 1880- 
 85. 
 
 Life : • Letters and Memories,' by 
 his wife, 1877. 
 
 KINGSLEY (Henry), 1830-1876. 
 [Brother of preceding.] Born, at 
 Barnach, Northamptonshire, 2 Jan. 
 1830. At King's CoU. School, Lon- 
 don, 30 April 1844 to Jan. 1847 ; at) 
 King's Coll., Jan. 1847 to 1848. Ma- 
 tric. Worcester Coll., Oxford, 6 March 
 1850. Took no degree. In Australia, 
 1853-58. Student of Inner Temple, 
 1862. Married Sarah Maria Kingsley 
 Haselwood, 17 July 1864. Lived at 
 Wargrave. Edited ' Edinburgh Daily 
 Review,' 1869-72 ; war-correspondent 
 for same during Franco-Prussian War 
 1870-72. Died, at Cuckfield, Sussex, 
 24 May 1876. 
 
 Works : * The Recollections of 
 Geoffrey Hamlyn,' 1859 ; 'Ravenshoe,' 
 1862; 'Austin Elliot,' 1863; 'The 
 Hillyars and Burtons,' 1865 ; * Leigh- 
 ton Court,' 1866 ; 'Silcote of Silcotes,' 
 1867 ; 'Mademoiselle Mathilde,' 1868 ; 
 'Stretton,'1869 ; 'Tales of Old Travels,' 
 1869 ; ' Old Margaret,' 1871 ; ' The 
 Lost Child,' 1871 ; * The Boy in Gray,' 
 
 1871 ; * Hetty,' 1871 ; 'The Harveys,' 
 
 1872 ; * Hornby Mills,' 1872 ; ' Valen- 
 tin,' 1872 ; • Oakshott Castle ' (under 
 pseud, of 'Granby Dixon'), 1873; 
 'Reginald Hetherege,' 1874 ; 'Number 
 Seventeen,' 1875; 'The Grange 
 Garden,' 1876; 'Fireside Studies,' 
 1876. 
 
 Posthumous : ' The Mystery of the 
 Island,' 1877. 
 
 He edited : Defoe's * Robinson 
 Crusoe,' 1868. 
 
 Collected Works : ' Novels,' ed. by 
 C. K. Shorter, 1894, etc. 
 
 KIPLING (Rudyard), b. 1865. 
 Born, in Bombay, 30 Dec. 1865. At 
 United Service Coll., Westward Ho, 
 18 Jan. 1878 to July 1882. To La- 
 hore, as sub-editor of 'Lahore Civil and 
 Military Gaz.,' 1882. Contrib. to 
 Allahabad * Pioneer.' Left India, 
 1889. Travelled in China, Japan, and 
 America ; returned to England, Sept. 
 1889. Travelled in America, South 
 Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, 
 
 June 1891 to 1896. Married Caroline 
 Starr Balestier, 18 Jan. 1892. Re- 
 turned to England, 1898. Elected 
 raemb. of Athenaeum Club, 2 April 
 1897. 
 
 WorJcs : ' Departmental Ditties,' 
 1888; 'Plain Tales from the Hills,' 
 1888; 'Soldiers Three,' 1888; 'The 
 Story of the Gadsbys ' [1888]; 'In 
 Black and White' [1888]; 'Under 
 the Deodars' [1888]; 'Wee Willie 
 Winkie' [1888]; 'The Phantom 
 'Rickshaw' [1888]; « The Light that 
 :^led,' 1890; 'Letters of Marque ' 
 (unauthorized collection), 1891 ; 'Life's 
 Handicap,' 1891 ; ' The City of Dread- 
 ful Night ' (unauthorized collection), 
 1891 ; 'Barrack-room Ballads,' 1892; 
 'The Naulahka ' (with W. Balestier), 
 1892 ; ' Many Inventions,' 1893 ; ' The 
 Jungle Book,' 1894; 'The Second 
 Jungle Book,' 1895 ; ' Soldier Tales ' 
 (selected from previous publications), 
 1896 ; 'The Seven Seas,' 1896. 
 
 KNIGHT (Charles), 1791 - 1873. 
 Born, at Windsor, 15 March 1791. At 
 school at Ealing, 1803-05. Appren- 
 ticed to his father (a bookseller), 1805. 
 Parliamentary reporter for ' Globe ' 
 and 'British Press,' 1812. Edited 
 ' The Windsor and Eton Express,' 
 1812-26. Married Miss Vinicombe, 
 1815. Wrote Masque for Princess 
 Charlotte's marriage, 1816. Over- 
 seer of parish, Windsor, 1818. Ed. 
 * The Plain Englishman,' with E. H. 
 Locker, Feb. 1820 to Dec. 1822. 
 Editor of 'The Guardian,' June 1820 
 to Dec. 1822 ; of 'The Etonian,' Oct. 
 1820 to July 1821. Started as pub- 
 lisher in London, 1823. Edited 
 'Knight's Quarterly Magazine,' 1823- 
 25 ; ' The Brazen Head ' (with others), 
 
 1826. Publishing business collapsed, 
 
 1827. Contrib. to ' Sphinx,' ' London 
 Mag.,' etc. Edited pubns. of Soc. for 
 Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, 1827- 
 46. Ed. • The British Almanack and 
 Companion,' 1828. Started again aa 
 publisher, 1829. Publisher to Soc. 
 for Diffusion of Useful Knowledge,. 
 1829-46. Publisher to Commission 
 on Poor Law, 1835. Edited 'The 
 Voice of the People,' 1848. Retired 
 
KNOLLES— KNQWLES 
 
 159 
 
 from publishing, 1851. Died, at 
 Addlestone, Surrey, 9 March 1873. 
 
 Works: •Arminius,' 1814; 'The 
 Bridal of the Isles, etc.,' 1817 ; 'The 
 Menageries,' 1828 ; * The Elephant,' 
 1830; 'The Results of Machinery' 
 (anon.), 1831 ; 'Capital and Labour ' 
 (anon.), 1831 ; 'Trades Unions and 
 Strikes,' 1834; 'The Newspaper 
 Stamp' (anon.), 1836; ' Shakespere's 
 Biography,' 1843 ; ' A Volume of 
 Varieties,' 1844; 'William Caxton,' 
 1844; 'Capital and Labour,' 1845; 
 *01d England,' 1845; 'Half-hours 
 with the Best Authors' (4 vols.), 
 [1847-48]; 'Studies of Shakespere,' 
 1849; 'The Struggles of a Book 
 against Excessive Taxation,' 1850 ; 
 * The Case of the Authors as Regards 
 the Paper Duty,' 1851 ; ' Half -hours 
 of English History' [1851]; 'Old 
 Lamps or New,' 1853 ; ' The Old 
 Printer and the Modern Press,' 1854; 
 'Once upon a Time' (2 vols.), 1854 ; 
 'Knowledge is Power,' 1855; 'The 
 Popular BUstory of England' (8 vols.), 
 1856-62; 'Passages of a Working 
 Life' (3 vols.), 1864[1863]-65 ; 'Sha- 
 dows of the Old Booksellers,' 1865 ; 
 Begg'd at Court,' 1867 ; ' Half -hours 
 with the Best Letter Writers,' 1867. 
 
 He edited : Fairfax's translation of 
 Tasso's * Godfrey of Bulloigne,' 1817 ; 
 Shakespeare's Works, 1839 (and many 
 subsequent editions) ; ' London ' (4 
 vols.), 1841-44; 'Mind among the 
 Spindles,' 1844 ; ' Memoirs of a Work- 
 ing Man,' 1845 ; 'Pictorial Half -hours 
 of London Topography' [1851]. 
 
 KNOLLES (Richard), 1550[?]-1610. 
 Born [at Cold Ashby, Northampton- 
 shire ?], about 1550. Educated at 
 Lincoln Coll., Oxford ; B.A., 26 Jan. 
 1565 ; M.A., July 1570. Fellow of 
 Lincoln Coll. [1565?]. Master of 
 Sandwich Grammar School. Died, 
 at Sandwich, June 1610 ; buried there, 
 2 July. 
 
 Works: 'A Generall Historic of 
 the Turkes from the first beginning of 
 that Nation,' 1603 (2nd edn., enlarged, 
 1610) ; ' The Six Bookes of a Common 
 Weale written by J. Bodin , , . done 
 into English,' 1606. 
 
 ENOWLES (James Sheridan), 1784- 
 1862. Born, at Cork, 12 May 1784. 
 At his father's school there, 1790-93. 
 Family removed to London, 1793. 
 Left home on his father's second mar- 
 riage, 1800. Served as ensign in 
 Wilts Militia, 1804 ; in Tower Ham- 
 lets Militia, 1805-06. Studied medi- 
 cine. M.D., Aberdeen, 1808. Resi- 
 dent Vaccinator to Jennerian Soc, 
 1808. First appeared on the stage, at 
 Bath, 1809. Married Maria Charteris, 
 
 25 Oct. 1809. Play, ' Leo,' produced 
 by Edmund Kean at Waterford, 1810. 
 ' Brian Boroihme ' produced at Belfast, 
 1811 (at Co vent Garden, 20 April 
 1837); 'Caius Gracchus,' at Belfast, 
 13 Feb. 1815 ; at Covent Garden, 18 
 Nov. 1823. Kept a school at Belfast, 
 1812-16 ; at Glasgow, 1816-28. 'Vir- 
 ginius' produced at Glasgow, 1820 ; 
 at Covent Garden, 17 May 1820 ; 
 ' William Tell,' Covent Garden, 1825. 
 On staff of Glasgow 'Free Press,' 
 Jan. 1823 to Dec. 1824. 'The 
 Beggar's Daughter of Bethnal Green ' 
 produced at Drury Lane, 28 May 
 1828. Removed from Glasgow to 
 Newhaven, near Edinburgh, 1830. 
 Contrib. to 'Literary Souvenir,' 
 'Keepsake,' and other periodicals. 
 
 ' Alfred the Great ' produced at Drury 
 Lane, 28 April 1831; 'The Hunch- 
 back,' Covent Garden, 5 April 1832 ; 
 ' The Wife,' Covent Garden, 24 April 
 1833. Acted in America, 1834. 
 * The Daughter,' Drury Lane, 29 Nov. 
 1836; 'The Bridal,' Haymarket, 
 
 26 June 1837; 'The Love Chase,' 
 Haymarket, 10 Oct. 1837 ; 'Woman's 
 Wit,' Covent Garden, 23 May 1838 ; 
 ' Maid of Mariendorpt,' Haymarket, 
 9 Oct. 1838 ; ' Love,' Covent Garden, 
 4 Nov. 1839 ; ' John of Procida,' 
 Covent Garden, 19 Sept. 1840 ; 'Old 
 Maids,' Covent Garden, 2 Oct. 1841. 
 Wife died, Feb. 1841. Married Miss 
 Elphinstone, 1842. ' The Rose of Ar- 
 ragon,' Haymarket, 4 June 1842 ; 
 ' The Secretary,' Drury Lane, 24 April 
 1843. Retired from stage, 1843. 
 Contrib. to various periodicals. Civil 
 List Pension, 1848. One of com- 
 mittee for purchase of Shakespeare's 
 Birthplace, 1848. Joined the Bap- 
 
160 
 
 KNOX 
 
 tists about this time. Entertained 
 at banquet in Cork, May 1862. 
 Died, at Torquay, 30 Nov. 1862. 
 Buried in Glasgow Necropolis. 
 
 Works: 'The Welch Harper' 
 [1796] ; ' Fugitive Pieces,' 1810 ; 
 •The Senate' (under pseud. 'Selim'), 
 1817; 'Virginius,' 1820 (third 
 edn. same year) ; * Caius Gracchus,' 
 1823 ; ' The Elocutionist,' 1823 ; 
 •William Tell,' 1825 ; 'The Beggar's 
 Daughter of Bethnal Green,' 1828 
 (second edn., called 'The Beggar of 
 Bethnal Green,' 1834); 'Alfred the 
 Great,' 1831; 'The Hunchback,' 
 1832; 'The Magdalen,' 1832; 'A 
 Masque ' [on the death of Sir Walter 
 Scott], 1832; 'The Wife,' 1833; 
 'The Daughter,' 1837 (second edn. 
 same year) ; ' The Love Chase,' 1837 ; 
 'The Bridal' (from Beaumont and 
 Fletcher) , [1837] ; ' Woman's Wit, ' 
 1838 ; ♦ Dramatic Works,' 1838 ; 
 ' The Maid of Mariendorpt,' 1838 ; 
 ♦Love,' 1840; 'John of Procida,' 
 1840 ; ' Old Maids,' 1841 ; • The 
 Rose of Arragon,' 1842 ; 'The Secre- 
 tary,' 1843; 'Dramatic Works' (3 
 vols.), 1843 ; 'George Lovell,' 1847 ; 
 ' Fortescue ' (from ' Sunday Times ') 
 1847 (priv. ptd., 1846); 'The Rock 
 of Rome,' 1849 ; ' The Idol demolished 
 by its own Priest,' 1851 ; ' The Gospel 
 attributed to Matthew is the Record 
 of the whole original Apostlehood,' 
 1855 ; 'Dramatic Works,' 1856. 
 
 Posthumous : ' True unto Death,' 
 1866 (another edn., called 'Alexina,' 
 same year) ; 'Brian Boroihme,' 1872 
 (priv. ptd., 1871); 'Lectures on 
 Dramatic Literature ' (2 vols.), 1873 ; 
 •Various Dramatic Works' (priv. ptd.) 
 1874. 
 
 He edited : J. A. Mason's ' Treatise 
 on the Climate,' 1850. 
 
 Life : by R. B. Knowles, revised 
 edn. 1872. 
 
 KNOX (John), 1506-1672. Born, 
 at Haddington, 1505. Educated at 
 Haddington School. To Glasgow 
 Univ., 25 Oct. 1522. Practised as a 
 notary in Haddington. Probably 
 ordained Deacon. Private tutor, 
 1544[?]-47. Received 'call' as 
 
 preacher at St. Andrews, 1547 ; 
 preached Reformed doctrine. Prison- 
 er in French galleys, July 1547 to 
 Feb. 1549. Returned to England, 
 1549. Preached at Berwick, 1549-51. 
 Prosecuted by Catholics, 1550 ; but 
 prosecution abandoned. Preached at 
 Newcastle, 1550-51. Chaplain to 
 King, 1551-53. Preached in Bucking- 
 hamshire and Kent, June to Oct. 
 1553. Married Marjory Bowes, July [?] 
 1553. To Newcastle, Dec. 1553. 
 At Dieppe, Jan. to Feb., 1554. 
 Travelled in France and Switzerland, 
 March to Nov. 1554. Intimacy with 
 Calvin begun. English Pastor at 
 Frankfort-on-Maine, Nov. 1554 to 
 March 1555. At Geneva, March to 
 Aug. 1555. Returned to Berwick, 
 Aug. 1555. Returned to Geneva, 
 July 1556. Received Freedom of 
 City of Geneva, 1559. Left Geneva, 
 Jan. 1559. Returned to Scotland, 
 April 1559. His preaching at Perth 
 resulted in insurrection. Formal 
 establishment of Reformed Church in 
 Scotland, Aug. 1560. Active in 
 spread of Reformation doctrine. Pro- 
 secuted for treason, and acquitted, 
 Dec. 1563. Visit to England, Dec. 
 1566 to June 1567. Died, in Edin- 
 burgh, 24 Nov. 1572. Buried in St. 
 Giles's Churchyard. 
 
 Works: Tract on the Sacrament 
 [1549 ?] ; 'A Declaration what true 
 Prayer is,' 1554 ; ' A Confession and 
 Declaration of Prayer,' 1554; 'An 
 Exposition of the Sixth Psalm,' 1554 ; 
 ' A Godly Letter,' 1554 ; ' A Faythfull 
 Admonition,' 1554 ; ' The Order of 
 Geneva ' (liturgy ; compiled by Knox, 
 Whittingham, and others), 1556 ; 
 Letter to the Queen Dowager, 1556 
 (enlarged edn., 1558); 'Apology for 
 the Protestants in Prison in Paris,' 
 1557 ; 'TheFirst Blastof the Trumpet ' 
 (anon.), 1558; 'The Appellation of 
 John Knox . . . from the cruell Sen- 
 tence pronounced by the Bishops and 
 Clergy,' 1558 ; ' A Letter addressed 
 to the Commonalty of Scotland,' 1558 ; 
 ' The First Book of Discipline ' (com- 
 piled by Knox and others), 1560 ; 
 'An Answer to a great number of 
 Blasphemous Cavillations written by 
 
KYD— LANDON 
 
 16\ 
 
 an . . . Adversarie to God's Eternal 
 Predestination,' 1560 ; 'The Ordoure 
 and Doctrine of the General Faste ' 
 (compiled by Knox and John Craig), 
 1560 ; * A Sermon preached ... in the 
 Publique audience, etc.,' 1566. 
 
 Posthumous : ' A Fort for the 
 Afflicted,' 1580 ; ' History of the Re- 
 formation,' bks. i.-iii., 1584 ; bks. 
 iv., v., 1644. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by D. Laing 
 (6 vols.), 1846-64. 
 
 Life: by T. M'Crie, 1812 (and 
 many subsequent edns.). 
 
 KYD (Thomas), 1557[?] - 1595[?]. 
 Born, 1557 [?]. Probably educated at 
 Merchant Taylors' School. Prolific 
 writer of plays. Died, 1595 [?]. 
 
 Worlcs : • The Rare Triumphs of Love 
 and Fortune ' (anon. ; attrib. to Kyd), 
 1589; 'The Truethe of the . . . 
 Murthering of John Brewen ' (anon. ), 
 1592 (only one copy extant); 'True 
 Reporte of the Poisoning of Thomas 
 Elliot ' (anon. ; atttib. to Kyd), 1592 ; 
 'TheSpanish Tragedy, ' 1592 (anon. ;no 
 copy known ; 2nd edn. 1594 [?]) ; * The 
 Tragedye of Solyman and Perseda ' 
 (anon.; attrib. to Kyd), 1592 (no copy 
 known ; later edn., 1599). 
 
 Posthumous : ' The First Part of 
 Jeronimo' (anon.), 1605. 
 
 He translated : Tasso's ' The House- 
 holder's Philosophic ' (under initials : 
 T. K.), 1588; Gamier's 'Cornelia,' 
 1594 ; Garnier's 'Pompey the Great,' 
 1595. 
 
 LAMB (Charles), 1775-1834. Born, 
 in London, 10 Feb. 1775. At Christ's 
 Hospital, 1782-89. Clerk in South 
 Sea House, 1789-92. Clerk in India 
 House, 1792-1825. Appointed guardian 
 to his sister Mary Ann, 1796. Inti- 
 macy with Coleridge, who had been 
 his schoolfellow. Contrib. four sonnets 
 to 'Poems' by Coleridge, 1796. 
 Contrib. to * Morning Post,' 'Morning 
 Chronicle,' and 'The Albion,' 1800-03. 
 Farce, 'Mr. H.,' produced at Drury 
 Lane, 10 Dec. 1805. Contrib. to 
 •The Reflector,' 1811 ; to 'Gentleman's 
 Mag.,' 1813; to 'London Mag.,' 
 1820-33. Visit to Continent with his 
 
 sister, 1822. He and his sister 
 adopted Emma Isola, 1823. Retired 
 from India House, March 1825. Re- 
 moved to Enfield, Herts. Contrib. 
 to 'New Monthly Mag.,' 1826. Re- 
 moved to Edmonton, 1833. Died, at 
 Edmonton, 27 Dec. 1834. Buried 
 there. 
 
 Works: 'Original Letters, etc., of 
 Sir John Falstaff and his friends ' 
 (with J. White ; anon.), 1796 ; 'Blank 
 Verse' (with C. Lloyd), 1797; «A 
 Tale of Rosamund Gray and Old 
 Blind Margaret,' 1798 ; 'John Wood- 
 vil,' 1802 ; 'Mrs. Leicester's School' 
 (anon. ; with Mary Lamb), 1807 ; 
 • Tales from Shakespeare ' (with Mary 
 Lamb), 1807 ; ' The Adventures of 
 Ulysses,' 1808 ; ' Specimens of English 
 Dramatic Poets,' 1808 ; ' Poetry for 
 Children ' (anon. ; with Mary Lamb), 
 1809 ; ' Prince Dorus,' 1811 ; 'Works' 
 (2 vols.), 1818; 'Essays of Elia ' 
 (anon. ; from 'London Mag.'), 1823 ; 
 'Album Verses,' 1830; 'Satan in 
 Search of a Wife ' (anon. ), 1831 ; ' The 
 Last Essays of Elia,' 1833. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Letters ' (with life 
 by Talfourd), 1837. 
 
 Life : by Barry Cornwall, 1866 ; by 
 Ainger, revised edn., 1888. 
 
 [His sister, Mary Ann Lamb, 
 1764-1847 [see above'], was born in 
 London, 3 Dec. 1764 ; first appearance 
 of occasional insanity, Sept. 1796 ; 
 having stabbed her mother in a fit of 
 insanity, was put under her brother's 
 guardianship, 1796. Died, in London, 
 20 May 1847. For her works, in colla- 
 boration with her brother, see above. 
 Life : by Mrs. Gilchrist, 1889.] 
 
 LANDON (Letitia Elizabeth), 1802- 
 1838. Born, in Chelsea, 14 Aug. 1802. 
 Educated at a school in Chelsea, and 
 privately. Contrib. to * Literary Graz.,' 
 from 1820. Edited 'The Drawing- 
 Room Scrap-Book,' 1832-38. Married 
 to George Maclean, 7 June 1838. 
 Died, suddenly, at Cape Coast Castle, 
 15 Oct. 1838. 
 
 Works: 'The Fate of Adelaide,' 
 1821 ; • The Improvi^atrice ' (under 
 initials : L.E.L.), 1824 ; ' The Trou- 
 11 
 
162 
 
 LANDOR-LANa 
 
 badour' (under initials : L.E.L.), 1825 ; 
 
 * The Golden Violet ' (under initials : 
 L.E.L.), 1827; 'The Venetian 
 Bracelet' (under initials: L.E.L.), 
 1829 ; ' Romance and Reality' ( under 
 initials: L.E.L. ), 1831 ; 'The Easter 
 Gift' (anon.), 1832; 'Francesca Car- 
 rara' (under initials : L.E.L.), 1834 ; 
 
 * The Vow of the Peacock ' (anon.), 
 1835; 'Traits and Trials of Early 
 Life' (under initials : L.E.L.), 1836 ; 
 
 * Ethel Churchill ' (under initials . 
 L.E.L.), 1837 ; 'A Birthday Tribute 
 . . . to . . . Princess Alexandrina 
 Victoria' (under initials: L.E.L.), 
 [1837] ; * Duty and Inclination,' 1838 ; 
 
 * Flowers of Loveliness ' (under ini- 
 tials: L.E.L.), 1838. 
 
 Posthumous : * The Zenana,' ed. by 
 E. Roberts, 1839 ; 'Life and Literary 
 Remains,' by L. Blanchard (2 vols.), 
 1841 ; 'Lady Anne Granard,' 1842. 
 
 She translated : the ' Odes ' in 
 Isabel Hill's translation of Mme. de 
 Stael's ' Corinne,' 1833. 
 
 Collected Works : in 2 vols., 1838. 
 
 Life: by L. Blanchard, 1841. 
 
 LANDOE (Walter Savage), 1775- 
 1864. Born, at Warwick, 30 Jan. 
 1775. At school at Knowle, 1779-85 ; 
 at Rugby, 1785-91. With private 
 tutor, 1791-93. Matric. Trin. Coll., 
 Oxford, 13 Nov. 1792 ; rusticated, 
 1794 ; did not return to Oxford. 
 Visit to Paris, 1802. Settled at 
 Bath, 1805 ; intimacy with Southey 
 begun, 1808. In Spain, Aug. to Nov., 
 1808. Settled at Llanthony Abbey, 
 Monmouthshire, 1809. Married Julia 
 Thuillier, May 1811. Removed to 
 Jersey, and thence to Tours, 1814. 
 To Italy, Sept. 1815. Lived at Como, 
 1815-18. At Pisa, 1818-21 ; at Flor- 
 ence, 1821-35. Visit to England, 
 1832. Quarrelled with his wife and 
 went to England, 1835. Returned to 
 Florence, 1858. Died there, 17 Sept. 
 1864. 
 
 Works: 'Poems,' 1795; 'Moral 
 Epistle respectfully dedicated to Earl 
 Stanhope,' 1795 ; 'Gebir' (anon.), 1798 
 (Latin version, by Landor, 1803) ; 
 ' Poems from the Arabic and Persian ' 
 (anon.), 1800 ; ' Poetry ' (anon.), 1802; 
 
 'Simonidea' (anon.), 1806; 'Three 
 Letters ... to D. Francisco Riqueline,' 
 1809 ; ' Count Julian ' (anon.), 1812 ; 
 ' Commentary on the Memoirs of Mr. 
 Fox ' (anon.), 1812 ; 'Idyllia Heroica,' 
 1814 (enlarged edn., 1820) ; 'Poche Os- 
 servazioni sullo stato attuale di que' 
 popoli che vogliono govemarsi per 
 mezzo delle Rappresentanze,' 1821 ; 
 ' Imaginary Conversations,' vols. !., ii., 
 1824; vols, iii., iv., 1828; vol. v., 
 1829 ; 'Gebir, Count Julian, and other 
 Poems,' 1831 ; 'Citation and Exami- 
 nation of William Shakespeare' (anon. ), 
 1834; 'The Letters of a Conserva- 
 tive,' 1836; 'Terry Hogan ' (anon., 
 attrib. to Landor), 1836 ; ' Pericles 
 and Aspasia,' 1836 ; ' A Satire on 
 Satirists,' 1836 ; 'ThePentameronand 
 Pentalogia' (anon.), 1837 ; 'Andrea of 
 Hungary and Giovanna of Naples,' 
 1839; 'Fra Rupert,' 1840; Works' 
 (collected, 2 vols.), 1846 ; 'Hellenics,' 
 1S47 ; 'Poemata et Inscriptiones, ' 
 1847 ; * Imaginary Conversation of 
 King Carlo Alberto and the Duchess 
 Belgoioiso,' 1848; 'Italics,' 1848; 
 * Popery, British and Foreign,' 1851 ; 
 'Imaginary Conversations of Greeks 
 and Romans,' 1853 ; ' The Last Fruit 
 off an Old Tree,' 1853 ; 'Letters of an 
 American,' 1854 ; ' Letter ... to R. 
 W. Emerson,' [1856]; 'Antony and 
 Octavius,' 1856; 'Dry Sticks,' 1858 
 'Hebrew Lyrics' (anon.), 1859 
 ' Savonarola e il Priore di San Marco, 
 1860 ; * Heroic Idyls, with additional 
 poems,' 1863. 
 
 Collected Works : in 8 vols., 1876. 
 
 Life : by J. Forster, 1869 ; by 
 Sidney Colvin, 1881. 
 
 LANG (Andrew), b. 1844. Born, at 
 Selkirk, 31 March 1844. At Edin- 
 burgh Academy, 1854-60. At St. 
 Andrew's Univ., 1860-61. Matric. 
 Balliol Coll., Oxford, 28 Jan. 1865 ; 
 Exhibitioner, 1865-68 ; Fellow, Merton 
 Coll., 1868-76 ; B.A., 1869 ; M.A., 
 1875. Gifford Lecturer on Natural 
 Religion, St. Andrew's Univ., 1888. 
 
 Works : * Ballads and Lyrics of Old 
 France,' 1872; 'Oxford,' 1880; 
 ' XXII Ballades in Blue China,' 1880 
 (enlarged edn., ' XXXII Ballades,' 
 
LA RAMEE-LAW 
 
 163 
 
 1881) ; 'The Library,' 1881 ; 'Notes 
 ... on a collection of pictures by Mr. 
 J. E. Millais,' 1881 ; * Helen of Troy,' 
 1882; 'Ballades and Verses Vain' 
 (selected by Austin Dobson), 1884 ; 
 •The Princess Nobody ' [1884]; 'Much 
 Darker Days ' (under pseud. 'A. Huge 
 Longway '), 1884 ; 'Custom and Myth,' 
 1884; 'Rhymes k la Mode,' 1885 
 [1884] ; ' That Very Mab ' (anon. ; 
 with May Kendall), 1885 ; ' The 
 Mark of Cain,' 1886 ; ' Letters to Dead 
 Authors,' 1886 ; ' Books and Book- 
 men,' 1886 ; ' In the Wrong Paradise,' 
 
 1886 ; ' The Politics of Aristotle : 
 introductory essays,' 1886 ; * Lines 
 on the inaugural meeting of the 
 Shelley Society' (from 'Sat. Rev.'; 
 priv. ptd. for Shelley Society), 1886 ; 
 'Myth, Ritual, and Religion ' (2 vols.), 
 
 1887 : ' He ' (with W. H. Pollock, 
 anon.), 1887 ; ' The Gold of Fairnilee ' 
 [1888] ; * Grass of Parnassus,' 1888 ; 
 
 * Pictures at Play ' (anon. ; with 
 W. E. Henley), 1888 ; ' Ballads 
 of Books' (edited), 1888; 'Letters 
 on Literature,' 1889 ; 'Lost Leaders ' 
 (from ' Daily News '), 1889 ; * Prince 
 Prigio,' 1889 ; ' Old Friends,' 1890 ; 
 ' How to Fail in Literature,' 1890 ; 
 •Life ... of Sir Stafford North- 
 cote,' 1890 ; 'Essays in Little,' 1891 ; 
 ' Angling Sketches,' 1891 ; ' A Batch 
 of Golfing Papers by Andrew Lang 
 and others' (ed. by R. Barclay), [1892] ; 
 ' The Tercentenary of Izaak Walton ' 
 (priv. ptd.), 1893 ; 'St. Andrews,' 1893; 
 'Homer and the Epic,' 1893 ; 'The 
 World's Desire '(with Rider Haggard), 
 1894 ; 'Ban and Arrifere Ban,' 1894 ; 
 ' Cock Lane and Commonsense,' 1894 ; 
 'A Monk of Fife,' 1896; 'The Life . . . 
 of John Gibson Lockhart,' 1897 [1896]; 
 ' Pickle, the Spy,' 1897 ; * Modern 
 Mythology,' 1897. 
 
 He has translated : Homer's 'Odys- 
 sey ' (with S. H. Butcher), 1879 ; 
 
 * Theocritus, Bion and Moschus,' 1880 ; 
 Homer's 'Iliad ' (with Leaf and Myers), 
 1883 ; * Aucassin and Nicolette,' 1887 ; 
 Deulin's ' Johnny Nut,' 1887 ; ' The 
 Dead Leman, and other tales from 
 the French' (with P. Sylvester), 1889. 
 
 Has edited: Poe's 'Poems,' 1881; 
 Moliere's * Les Preuieuses Ridicules,' 
 
 1884; 'English Worthies' (8 vols.), 
 1885-87; trans, of Herodotus' 'Eu- 
 terpe,' 1888 ; Perrault's ' Popular 
 Tales,' 1888 ; ' The Blue Fairy Book,' 
 1889 ; ' The Red Fairy Book,' 1890 ; 
 Colonna's 'Hypnerotomachia,* 1890; 
 Burns' 'Selected Poems,' 1891 ; 
 « The Blue Poetry Book,' 1891 ; * The 
 Green Fairy Book,' 1892 ; Waverley 
 Novels, 1892, etc. ; Kirk's ' Secret 
 Commonwealth of Elves,' 1893 ; 'The 
 True Story Book,' 1893 ; 'The Yellow 
 Fairy Book,' 1894 ; Scott's ' Lyrics 
 and Ballads,' 1894 ; Scott's 'Selected 
 Poems,' 1895 ; ' The Red True Story 
 Book,' 1895 ; 'Border Ballads,' 1895 ; 
 ' The Animal Story Book,' 1896 ; 
 Burns' 'Poems and Songs,' 1896; 
 Walton's 'Compleat Angler,' 1896; 
 'A CoUection of Ballads,' 1897. 
 
 Has contributed introductions to : 
 Grimm's 'Household Tales,' 1884; 
 Lamb's 'Beauty and the Beast' [1887] ; 
 Lamb's 'Adventures of Ulysses,' 1890 ; 
 Longinus 'On the Sublime,' 1890; 
 R. F. Murray's ' Poems,' 1894. 
 
 LA BAMEE (Louise de). See Oaida. 
 
 LAW (William), 1686-1761. Born, 
 at King's Cliff e, Northamptonshire, 
 1686. Matric. Emmanuel Coll., Camb., 
 as Sizar, 7 June 1705 ; B.A., 1708 ; 
 Fellow, 1711 ; M. A., 1712. Ordained, 
 1711. Suspended from degrees for a 
 political offence, April 1713. Non- 
 juror, 1714. Perhaps held curacies in 
 London and Fotheringay. Founded 
 a girls' school at King's Oliffe, 1727. 
 Tutor to Edward Gibbon (father of 
 historian), 1720 [?], and to Gibbon's 
 sisters from 1730 [?]. Removed to 
 King's Cliffe, 1740. Literary activity, 
 and extensive charitable work. Died, 
 at King's Oliffe, 9 April 1761. Buried 
 there. 
 
 Works : * A Sermon preached . . . 
 July 7, 1713,' 1713 ; 'The Bishop of 
 Bangor's late Sermon . . . answer'd,* 
 1717 ; ' A Second Letter to the Bishop 
 of Bangor,' 1717 ; 'A Reply to the 
 Bishop of Bangor's Answer,' 1719 ; 
 ' Remarks upon . . . the Fable of the 
 Bees,' 1724 ; ' The Absolute Unlawful- 
 ness of the Stage Entertainment fully 
 demonstrated,' 1726; 'A Practical 
 11—2 
 
164 
 
 LECKY— LEE 
 
 Treatise upon Christian Perfection,' 
 1726 ; ♦ A Serious Call to a Devout 
 and Holy Life,' 1729 ; * The Case of 
 Reason,' 1731 ; * A Demonstration of 
 the . . . Errors of a late book called 
 " A Plain Account, etc.," ' 1737 ; ' The 
 Grounds and Reasons of the Christian 
 Regeneration,' 1738 [?], (3rd edn., 
 1750) ; ' An Earnest . . . Answer to 
 Dr. Tiapp's Discourse,' 1740; *An 
 Appeal to all that doubt ... the 
 truths of the Gospel,' 1740; 'The 
 Spirit of Prayer,' 1760 ; 'Extract of 
 a letter ... to one requesting a con- 
 versation on the Spiritual Life ' [1750 ?] ; 
 ' Answer to a question. Where shall I 
 go ... to be in the Truth?' [1750 ?] ; 
 * The Way to Divine Knowledge,' 
 1752 ; 'The Spirit of Love' (2 pts.j, 
 1752-54 ; ' The Christian Sacrament 
 and SacriBce' (anon.), 1754; 'Re- 
 flections on a favourite Amusement ' 
 (anon.), 1756 ; ' A Short . . . Confuta- 
 tion of the Rev. Dr. Warburton's pro- 
 jected Defence ... of Christianity,* 
 1757 ; ' The Religion of Reason ; an 
 extract '(anon.), 1757 ; 'Of Justification 
 by Faith and Works,' 1760 ;' A Collec- 
 tion of Letters,' 1760. 
 
 Posthumous : ' An Humble . . . 
 Address to the Clergy,' 1761 ; 
 ' Letters to a Lady inclined to join the 
 Church of Rome,' 1779. 
 
 Collected Works: in 9 vols., 1762 ; 
 in 9 vols. (priv. ptd.; ed. by G. B. 
 Morgan), 1892-93. 
 
 Life : by Canon Overton, 1881. 
 
 LECET (William Edward Hart- 
 pole), b. 1838. Born, at Newtown 
 Park, near Dublin, 26 March 1838. 
 Educated at Trin. Coll., Dublin ; 
 B.A., 1859; M.A., 1863. Married 
 Elizabeth, Baroness de Dedem, 14 
 June 1871. Hon. LL.D., Dublin, 
 1879. Hon. LL.D., St. Andrews, 
 1885. Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 1888. 
 Hon. Litt.D., Cambridge., 1891. 
 Corresponding Mem. of Institute of 
 France, 1894. Hon. LL.D., Glasgow, 
 1895. Hon. Mem. Royal Academy, 
 March 1895. Trustee, National Por- 
 trait Gallery, 1895. M.P. for Dublin 
 University, Dec. 1895. Privy Coun» 
 cillor, 22 June 1897. 
 
 Works : 'The Religious Tendencies 
 of the Age ' (anon.), 1860 ; ' The 
 Leaders of Public Opinion in Ire- 
 land' (anon.), 1861; 'History of 
 the Rise and Influence of the Spirit 
 of Rationalism in Europe' (2 vols.), 
 1865 ; ' History of European Morals ' 
 (2 vols.), 1869; 'A History of Eng- 
 land in the Eighteenth Century,' 
 vols, i., ii., 1878 ; vols, iii., iv., 1882 ; 
 vols, v., vi., 1887 ; vols, vii., viii., 1890 ; 
 ' Poems,' 1891 ; ' The Political Value 
 of History,' 1892 ; ' The Empire, its 
 value and its growth,' 1893 ; ' Demo- 
 cracy and Liberty' (2 vols.), 1896. 
 
 He has contributed: A 'prefatory 
 memoir' to the Earl of Derby's 
 'Speeches and Addresses,' 1894; a 
 ' prefatory letter ' to Daunt's • Life 
 spent for Ireland,* 1896 ; and a ' pre- 
 fatory memoir' to Swift's 'Prose 
 Works,' 1897. 
 
 LEE (Nathaniel), 1653 [1] - 1692. 
 Born, probably at Hatfield, 1653 [?]. 
 Educated at Westminster School. To 
 Trin. Coll., Camb., 7 July 1665; 
 B.A., Jan. 1668. Acted in London, 
 1672. Devoted himself to dramatic 
 writing, 1675. ' Nero ' performed at 
 Drury Lane, 1675 ; ' Gloriana,' Drury 
 Lane, 1676 ; * Sophonisba,' Drury 
 Lane, 1676; 'The Rival Queens,' 
 1677 ; • Mithridates,' Drury Lane, 
 March 1678; ' CEdipus' (written 
 with Dryden), Duke's Theatre, 1679 ; 
 'Caesar Borgia,' Duke's Theatre, 
 1680 ; ' Theodosius,' Duke's Theatre, 
 1680 ; ' Lucius Junius Brutus,' Duke's 
 Theatre, 1681; 'The Princess of 
 Cleve,' Duke's Theatre, Nov. 1681 ; 
 'The Duke of Guise' (written with 
 Dryden), Drury Lane, 4 Dec. 1682 ; 
 * Constantine the Great,' Drury Lane, 
 1684. Went mad, 1684 ; confined in 
 Bethlehem Hospital, 11 Nov. 1684. 
 Discharged, recovered, 1689. *The 
 Massacre of Paris ' produced at Drury 
 Lane, 1690. Died, in London, May [?] 
 1692 ; buried in St. Clement Dane's 
 Church, 6 May. 
 
 Works: 'Nero,' 1675; 'Gloriana,* 
 1676; 'Sophonisba,' 1676; 'The 
 Rival Queens,' 1677; 'Mithridates,' 
 1678 ; Adaptation (with Dryden) of 
 
LEE-LELAND' 
 
 165 
 
 Sophocles' ' OSdipus,' 1679 ; ' Caesar 
 Borgia,' 1680; ' Theodosius,' 1680; 
 
 * Lucius Junius Brutus,' 1681 ; * The 
 Duke of Guise ' (with Dryden), 1683 ; 
 'Constantine the Great,' 1684 ; 'Lu- 
 cius Junius Brutus,' 1689; 'The 
 Princess of Cleve,' 1689 ; * The 
 Massacre of Paris,' 1690. 
 
 Collected Works : in 2 vols., 1713. 
 
 LEE (Vernon) [pseud., i.e. Miss 
 Violet Paget], b. 1856. Born, in 
 France, 1856. Has resided for many 
 years in and near Florence. 
 
 Works : ' Studies of the Eighteenth 
 Century in Italy,' 1880 ; ' Belcaro,' 
 1882; 'The Prince of a Hundred 
 Soups,' 1883 ; * Ottilie,' 1884 ; * Eu- 
 phorion,' 1884 ; * The Countess of 
 Albany,' 1884 ; ' Miss Brown,' 1884 ; 
 
 * A Phantom Lover,' 1886 ; • Bald- 
 win,' 1886 ; ' Juvenilia,' 1887 ; 
 'Hauntings,' 1890 ; ' Vanitas,' 1892 ; 
 'Althea,' 1894 ; * Renaissance Fancies 
 and Studies,' 1895 ; ' Limbo, and other 
 Essays,' 1897. 
 
 LEFANU (Joseph Sheridan), 1814- 
 1873. Born, in Dublin, 28 Aug. 1814. 
 Early education private. To Trin. 
 Coll., Dublin, 1833. Joined staff of 
 
 • Dublin Univ. Mag.,' 1837 ; editor, 
 1869-72. Called to Irish Bar, 1839. 
 Purchased 'The Warder,' 'Evening 
 Packet,' and 'Evening Mail'; com- 
 bined them as ' Evening Mail.' Mar- 
 ried Susan Bennett, 1844. After her 
 death in 1858, retired from society. 
 Novels mostly written after 1858. 
 Died, in Dublin, 7 Feb. 1873. 
 
 Works : * The Cock and Anchor ' 
 (anon.), 1845; 'The Fortunes of 
 Colonel Torlogh O'Brien' (anon.), 
 1847; 'The House by the Church- 
 yard,' 1863; 'Uncle Silas,' 1864; 
 *Wylder'8 Hand,' 1864; 'Guy De- 
 verall,' 1865 ; ' All in the Dark,' 1866 ; 
 
 • The Tenants of Malory,' 1867 ; 'A 
 Lost Name,' 1868 ; ' Haunted Lives,' 
 1868 ; 'The Wyvern Mystery,' 1869 ; 
 ' Checkmate,' 1871 ; ' The Rose and 
 the Key,' 1871 ; ' Chronicles of Golden 
 Friars,' 1871 ; 'In a Glass Darkly,' 
 1872 ; « Morley Court ' (anon.), 1873 ; 
 •Willing to Die,' 1873. 
 
 Posthumous: ' The Purcell Papers,' 
 ed. by A. P. Grave, 1880; 'The 
 Watcher, and other weird stories,* 
 1894 ; 'Poems,' ed. by A. P. Graves, 
 1896. 
 
 Life: by A. P. Graves, in 1880 edn. 
 of ' The Purcell Papers.' 
 
 LELAND (Charles Godfrey), b. 1824. 
 Born, at Philadelphia, 15 Aug. 1824. 
 At Princeton Coll., 1842-45 ; B.A., 
 1845. To Europe, autumn of 1845. 
 At Heidelberg Univ., 1846-47. At 
 Munich, and travelling in Germany, 
 March to Oct. 1847. In Paris, Oct. 
 1847 to June 1848. Returned to 
 Philadelphia, Oct. 1848. Called to 
 Bar, 1851. Frequent contributor to 
 periodicals. In New York, 1851-55. 
 Edited 'Illustrated News,' 1851-53. 
 Joined staff of Philadelphia ' Even- 
 ing B.uUetin.' Edited ' Continental 
 Monthly,' 1 862. Edited ' Philadelphia 
 Press,' May 1867 to 1869. Married, 
 1856. In Europe, mainly in London, 
 May 1869 to 1879. In America, 1879- 
 83. Hon. M.A., Harvard, 1882, 
 Since 1883 has lived in Europe, 
 mainly in London and Florence. En- 
 thusiastic philologist and antiquary. 
 F.R.L.S., 1884. Mem. of American 
 Philosophical Soc., and of Massachus- 
 etts Genealogical Soc. Pres. of first 
 European Folk-Lore Congress, Paris, 
 1889 ; organized second Congress, 
 London, 1891. 
 
 Works: 'Meister Karl's Sketch- 
 Book,' 1855 ; 'The Poetryand Mystery 
 of Dreams,' 1855 ; ' Sunshine in 
 Thought,' 1863 ; * Centralization ' 
 [1863] ; ' Legends of Birds,' 1864 ; * To 
 Kansas and back,' 1866 ; 'The "Union 
 Pacific," Eastern Di^'ision,' 1867 ; 
 ' Hans Breitmann's Party ' (anon.), 
 [1 868] ; ' Hans Breitmann and his 
 Philosopede,' 1869 ; 'The Art of Con- 
 versation ' (anon.), 1869 ; * Hans 
 Breitmann as a Politician,' 1869 ; 
 ' Hans Breitmann in Church ' [1870] ; 
 ' Breitmann as a Uhlan ' [1871] ; ' Hans 
 Breitmann in Europe' [1871]; 'The 
 Breitmann Ballads ' (collected), 1871 
 ' The Music- Lesson of Confucius, '1872 
 'The Egyptian Sketch-Book,' 1873 
 ' The English Gipsies,' 1873 ; 'Fusang, 
 
166 
 
 LELAND— LEMON 
 
 1875; 'English Gipsy Songs ' (with 
 E. H. Palmer and J. Tuckey), 1875 ; 
 •Johnnykin and the Goblins,' 1877 
 [1876] ; ' Pidgin-English Sing-Song,' 
 1876; 'Abraham Lincoln,' 1879; 
 'The Minor Arts,' 1880 ; 'The Gipsies,' 
 1882; 'The Algonquin Legends of 
 New England,' 1884; 'Brand New 
 Ballads,' 1885; 'Snooping' [1886]; 
 'Practical Education,' 1888 ; 'Draw- 
 ing and Designing,' 1888; 'A Dic- 
 tionary of Slang ' (with A. Barrfere), 
 1889-90 ; ' Manual of Wood-Carving,' 
 1890 ; ' Quickness of Perception ' 
 [1891]; 'Gypsy Sorcery,' 1891; 
 * Etruscan Roman Remains in Popular 
 Tradition,' 1892; 'The Hundred 
 Riddles of the Fairy Bellaria,' 1892 ; 
 'Leather Work,' 1892; 'Memoir' (2 
 vols. ), 1823 ; 'Elementary Metal Work,' 
 1894; ' Hans Breitmann in Germany — 
 Tyrol ' [1895] ; 'Legends of Florence,' 
 1895, etc. ; ' Songs of the Sea, '1895 ; 
 •Manual of Mending and Repairing,' 
 1896 ; ' Slang, Jargon, and Cant ' 
 (with A. Barrfere), 1897. 
 
 He has translated : Heine's ' Pic- 
 turesof Travel,' 1856 ; Heine's 'Book of 
 Songs,' 1864 ; Humboldt's * Letters to 
 a Lady,' 1864; Eichendorif's 'Me- 
 moirs of a Good-for-Nothing,' 1866 ; 
 'Gaudeamus,'by Scheflfel and others, 
 1872 ; Heine's ' Works,' 1892 ; Heine's 
 'Letters,' 1893; and edited: 'Art 
 Work Manuals,' 1881, etc. ; 'Life of 
 J. P. Beckwourth,' 1892. 
 
 LELAND (John), 1506 [1] - 1552. 
 Born, in London, Sept. 1506 [?]. Edu- 
 cated at St. Paul's School, London ; 
 and at Christ's Coll., Camb. B.A., 
 1522. Afterwards studied at All 
 Souls' Coll., Oxford, and in Paris. 
 Ordained. Tutor to son of Duke of 
 Norfolk, about 1525. Librarian and 
 chaplain to King Henry VIII. Rector 
 of Pepeling, near Calais, 1530. King's 
 Antiquary, 1533. Dispensed from 
 residence at Pepeling, 1536. Anti- 
 quarian tour in England, 1536-42. 
 Rector of Hasely, Oxfordshire, April 
 1542. Canon of King's Coll. (after- 
 wards Christ Church), Oxford, 1542- 
 45. Prebendary of Salisbury. Later 
 years spent in London. Became in- 
 
 sane through over-work. In custody 
 of his brother, 21 March 1550 till his 
 death. Died, in London, 18 April 
 1552. Buried in church of St. 
 Michael le Querne (destroyed in Fire 
 of London), 
 
 Works: 'Naeniae in mortem Thomse 
 Viati,' 1542 ; ' Genethliacon illustris- 
 simi Eaduardi Principis Cambriae,' 
 1543 ; * Assertio inclytissimi Arturij, 
 regis Britanniae,' 1544 ; ♦ Kvkveiov 
 'Aofia,' 1545 ; ' Naenia in mortem 
 Henrici Duddelegi,' 1545 ; 'Bonnonia 
 Gallo-mastrix,' 1545 ; ' 'EyKWfiiov tiiq 
 Eipijvr}g,' 1546 ; 'The Laboryouse 
 Journey and Serche of J. Leylande 
 for Englandes Antiquitees,' 1549. 
 
 Posthumous : 'A Record of Ancient 
 Hystoryes in Latin,' 1577; 'Princ- 
 ipum ac illustrium ... in Anglia 
 virorum Encomia, etc,,' 1589 ; 'Com- 
 mentariide Scriptoribus Britannicis,' 
 ed. by A. Hall, 1709 ; ' Itinerary ' (9 
 vols.), 1710-12 ; 'Collectanea,' ed. by 
 T. Hearne, 1715. 
 
 Life : by Huddesford, 1772. 
 
 LEMON (Mark), 1809-1870. Born, 
 
 in London, 30 Nov. 1809. At school 
 at Cheam till 1824. To a brewery at 
 Boston, Lines., 1824. Subsequently 
 manager of a brewery in Kentish 
 Town ; and dealer in beer, 1837-41. 
 First play, ' P. L.,' produced at Strand 
 Theatre, 25 April 1835. A number of 
 plays produced at Adelphi, Surrey, 
 Strand, Olympic, and other theatres, 
 1835-60. Contrib. to ' Household 
 Words,' 'Once a Week,' 'Illustrated 
 London News,' ' Illuminated Mag.* 
 Successively editor of 'London Journal,' 
 1858-59, 'Family Herald,' 'Once a 
 Week.' Founded ' The Field,' 1 Jan. 
 1853, and edited it for some years ; 
 founded 'Punch,' with H. Mayhew, 
 17 July 1841 ; sole editor from 1843 
 till his death. Lectures, ' About Lon- 
 don,' delivered at Gallery of Illustra- 
 tion, Jan. 1862 to 1863. Died, at 
 Crawley, Sussex, 23 May 1870. Buried 
 at Ifield Church. 
 
 Worhs : ' What will the World 
 Say V 1841 ; ' The Turf,' 1842 ; 
 ' The House of Ladies ' [1845] ; ' The 
 Enchanted Dell,' 1849; 'Prose and 
 
LENNOX— LEVER 
 
 167 
 
 Verse,' 1852 ; * Betty Morrison's 
 Pocket-Book,' 1856; 'The Heir of 
 Applebite ' (from * Punch '), 1856 ; ' A 
 Christmas Hamper ' [1860] ; * Hearts 
 are Trumps' [1863] ; 'Wait for the 
 End,' 1863 ; ' Tom Moody's Tales,' 
 1864 [1863] ; • The Jest-Book,' 1864 ; 
 
 • Legends of Number Nip,' 1864 ; 
 
 • Loved at Last,' 1864 ; * Falkner 
 Lyle,' 1866 ; ♦ Leyton Hall,' 1867 ; 
 'Golden Fetters,' 1867; 'Up and 
 Down the London Streets,' 1867 ; 
 'Fairy-Tales,' 1868 ; 'Tinykin's Trans- 
 formations,' 1869 ; and a number of 
 plays printed in ' Lacy's Acting Edi- 
 tion,' 'Buncombe's British Theatre,' 
 
 • Dicks's Standard Plays,' etc. 
 
 Posthumous : * The Small House 
 over the Water, etc.,' 1888. 
 
 lENNOX (Mrs. Charlotte) 1720- 
 1804. Born [Charlotte Ramsay], in 
 New York, 1720. To England, 1735[?]. 
 Being unprovided for at her father's 
 death, went on the stage for a 
 short time. Married to Len- 
 nox, 1748 [?]. Friendship with Dr. 
 Johnson and Richardson. Edited 
 
 • The Ladies' Museum,' 1760-61. 
 Play, 'The Sister' (dramatized from 
 her novel * Henrietta '), produced at 
 Covent Garden, 18 Feb. 1769 ; 'Old 
 City Manners ' (adapted from Jonson, 
 Chapman and Marston's ' Eastward 
 Hoe !'), Drury Lane, 9 Nov. 1775. 
 Ill-health and distress in later years. 
 Pension from Royal Literary Fund, 
 1803. Died, in London, 4 Jan. 
 1804. 
 
 Works: 'Poems on Several Occa- 
 pions ' (anon.), 1747; 'The Life of 
 Harriot Stuart ' (anon.), 1751 [1750] ; 
 'The Female Quixote' (anon), 1752 ; 
 ' Sbakespear Illustrated ' (3 vols., 
 anon.), 1753-54 ; * Philander ' (anon.), 
 1758 ; ' Henrietta ' (anon.), 1758 ; 
 ' Sophia,' 1762 ; ' The Sisters,' 1769 ; 
 •Old City Manners,' 1775; ' Eu- 
 phemia,' 1790 ; ' Memoirs of Henry 
 Lennox,' 1804. 
 
 She translated : ' Memoirs of the 
 Countess of Berci,' 1756; 'Memoirs 
 of the Duke of Sully,' 1756 ; « Me- 
 moirs for the History of Madame de 
 Maintenon,' 1757 ; Brumoy's ' Greek 
 
 Theatre' (with Johnson and others), 
 1759 ; the Duchesse de la Vallifere's 
 ' Meditations,' 1774. 
 
 L'ESTRANGE {Sir Roger), 1616- 
 1704. Born, at Hunstanton, 17 Dec. 
 1616. Probably educated at Cam- 
 bridge. To Scotland with army of 
 Charles I., 1639. Sentenced, by House 
 of Commons, to death for share in 
 Royalist plot, 28 Dec. 1644. Im- 
 prisoned till spring of 1648, when he 
 escaped from Newgate with con- 
 nivance of Governor. At first went to 
 Kent, carrying on Royalist propa- 
 ganda ; but soon withdrew to Holland. 
 Returned to England, Aug. 1653. 
 Active political pamphleteer. Ap- 
 pointed Surveyor of the Imprimery, 
 15 Aug. 1663. Married Mary Dole- 
 man. Edited 'The Kingdom's In- 
 telligencer,' and 'The News,' each 
 weekly, Aug. 1663 to Jan. 1666. 
 Edited (and wrote) ♦ The Observator,' 
 April 1681 to March 1687. M.P. 
 for Winchester, March 1685. Ar- 
 rested on political charge, 3 March 
 1696. Imprisoned till May 1696. 
 Died, in London, 11 Dec. 1704. 
 Buried in the church of St. Giles- 
 in-the-Fields. 
 
 Worh : His literary works (ex- 
 clusive of a large number of contro- 
 versial pamphlets and such works as 
 ' The Gentleman Pothecary,' 1678, 
 and ' Love Letters between a Noble- 
 man and his Sister,' posth., 1734) 
 consist of the following translations : 
 F. de Quevedo Villegas' 'Visions,' 
 1667 ; Cardinal Bona's 'Guide to 
 Eternity,' 1672; M. d'Alcoforado's 
 ' Five Love Letters from a Nun to a 
 Cavalier,' 1678; 'TuUy's Offices,' 
 1680; 'Twenty Select Colloquies of 
 Erasmus,' 1680; 'The Spanish De- 
 cameron,' 1687 ; ♦ The Fables of 
 ^sop,' 1692 ; Seneca's ' Morals,' 
 1693 ; Terence's ' Comedies,' 1698 ; 
 •Tacitus,' 1698; Flavius Josephus' 
 Work?, 1702. 
 
 LEVER (Charles James), 1806-1872. 
 Born, in Dublin, 31 Aug. 1806. Edu- 
 cated at private schools. To Trin. 
 Coll., Dublin, 14 Oct. 1822 ; B.A., 1827. 
 
168 
 
 LEWES-LEWIS 
 
 Visit to Holland and Germany, 1828 ; 
 to Canada, 1829, Returned to Dublin, 
 1830 ; studied medicine. M.B., Trin. 
 Coll., Dublin, 1831. Held various 
 Board of Health appointments, 1831- 
 33. Married Catherine Baker, 1832 or 
 1833. Contrib. fiction to 'Dublin Univ. 
 Mag.,' from May 1836. In Brussels, 
 1840-42 ; retiurned to Dublin, 1842. 
 Editor of 'Dublin Univ. Mag.,' 1842- 
 45. In Belgium and Germany, 1845- 
 47. In Florence, 1847-57. British 
 Consul at Spezzia, 1857 - 67 ; at 
 Trieste, 1867-72. Visit to Ireland, 
 1871. LL.D., Dublin, 1871. Died 
 suddenly, at Trieste, 1 June 1872. 
 
 Works : ' The Confessions of Harry 
 Lorrequer' (anon.), 1839; 'Horace 
 Templeton,' 1840 [?] ; ' Charles 
 O'Malley ' (anon. ), 1841 ; ' Our Mess ' 
 (vol. i., 'Jack Hinton, the Guards 
 man* ; vols, ii., iii., 'Tom Burke of 
 Curs'), 1843; 'Arthur O'Leary' 
 (anon.), 1844; 'St. Patrick's Eve,' 
 1845 ; ' Tales of the Trains ' (under 
 pseud. : ' Tilbury Tramp '), 1845 ; 'The 
 O'Donoghue,' 1845 ; ' The Knight of 
 G Wynne,' 1847 ; ' Diary and Notes of 
 Horace Templeton ' (anon.), 1848 ; 
 ' Confessions of Con Cregan' (anon), 
 1849-50 ; ' Roland Cashel,' 1850 ; 'The 
 Daltons,' 1852 ; ' The Dodd FamUy 
 Abroad,' 1854; 'Sir Jasper Carew' 
 (anon.), [1855]; 'The Fortunes of 
 Glencore,' 1857; 'The Martins of 
 Cro' Martin,' 1856 ; ' Davenport 
 Dunn ' [1857-59] ; ' One of Them,' 
 1860; 'Maurice Tiernay' (anon.), 
 1861 ; 'Barrington ' [1862] ; 'A Day's 
 Ride,' 1864 ; ' Cornelius O'Dowd 
 upon Men and Women ' (anon.), 
 1864-65 ; ' Luttrell of Arran,' 1865 ; 
 ♦Tony Butler' (anon.), 1865; 'Sir 
 Brook Fossbrooke,' 1866 ; * The 
 Bramleigha of Bishop's Folly,' 1868 ; 
 'Paul Gosslett's Confessions,' 1868; 
 ' That Boy of Norcott's,' 1869 ; ' A 
 Rent in a Cloud, and St. Patrick's 
 Eve,' 1871 ; 'Lord Kilgobbin,' 1872. 
 
 Collected Novels : ed. by his 
 daughter, 1897, etc. 
 
 Life : by W. F. Fitzpatrick, 1879. 
 
 LEWES (George Henry), 1817-1878. 
 Born, in London, 18 April 1817. At 
 
 schools in London, Jersey, Brittany, 
 and Greenwich. For a time worked in 
 a lawyer's office ; afterwards studied 
 medicine. After some years spent in 
 France and Germany, became an actor. 
 Acted in London at various times, 
 1841-50. Play, 'The Noble Heart,' 
 produced in Manchester, 16 April 
 1849 ; at Olympic, London, Feb, 
 1850, Married Agnes Jervis, 18 
 Feb, 1841. Adopted literary career. 
 Contributed to various periodicals. 
 Wrote various plays and farces. 
 Editor of ' The Leader,' 1850. M^^t 
 Mary Anne Evans ('George Eliot'), 
 1851 ; lived with her, July 1854 till 
 his death. To Germany with her, 
 July 1854. Returned to England, 
 March 1855, Editor of ' Fortnightly 
 Rev.,' May 1865 to Dec. 1866. Died, 
 in London, 30 Nov. 1878. 
 
 Works : ' Biographical History of 
 Philosophy ' (4 vols.), 1845-46 ; ' The 
 Spanish Drama,' 1847 ; ' Ranthorpe ' 
 (anon.), 1847 ; * Rose, Blanche and 
 Violet,' 1848; 'Life of Maximilien 
 Robespierre,' 1849 ; ' The Noble 
 Heart,' 1850 ; ' A Chain of Events ' 
 (under pseud. ' Slin^sby Lawrence ' ; 
 with Charles J. Mathews, 1852) ; 
 Comte's ' Philosophy of the Sciences,' 
 1853 ; ' Life and Works of Goethe,' 
 1855 ; ' Seaside Studies,' 1858 ; ' Phy- 
 siology of Common Life' (2 vols.), 
 1859-60 ; ' Studies in Animal Life,' 
 1862; 'Aristotle,' 1864; 'Problems 
 of Life and Mind' (5 vols.), 1874 
 [1873] - 79 ; Selections from the 
 ' Modern British Dramatists ' (2 vols.), 
 1867 ; text to 'Female Characters of 
 Goethe ' [1874] ; * On Actors and the 
 Art of Acting,' 1875. [Also several 
 plays and farces, pubd. in Lacy 'a 
 Acting Edition, written under pseud, 
 of ' Slingsby Lawrence.'] 
 
 Posthumous: 'The Study of Psy- 
 chology,' 1879. 
 
 He edited: J. F. W. Johnston's 
 ' Chemistry of Common Life,' 1859. 
 
 LEWIS (Matthew Gregory), 1776- 
 1818, Born, in London, 9 July 1775. 
 At Westminster School, June 1783 to 
 1790. Matric, Ch. Ch., Oxford, 27 
 April 1790 ; B. A., 1794 ; M.A., 1797. 
 
LTLLO— LILLY 
 
 169 
 
 Visit to Paris, 1791 ; to Weimar, 
 autumn 1792-93. Attache to British 
 Embassy at the Hague, 1794. M.P. 
 for Hindon, 1796-1802. Play, ' The 
 Castle Spectre,' produced at Drury 
 Lane, 14 Dec. 1797 ; 'The East Indian ' 
 (afterwards called : 'Rich and Poor'), 
 Drury Lane, 24 April 1799 ; * Adel- 
 morn,' Drury Lane, 4 May 1801 ; 
 'Alphonso,' Go vent Garden, 15 Jan. 
 1802 ; 'The Captive,' Covent Garden, 
 1803; 'The Harper's Daughter,' 
 Covent Garden, 4 May 1803 ; 'Rugan- 
 tino,' Covent Garden, 1805; 'Adel- 
 githa,' Drury Lane, 1807 ; 'The Wood 
 Demon ' (afterwards called * One 
 o'clock '), Covent Garden, 1807 ; 
 * Venoni,* Drury Lane, 1 Dec. 1808 ; 
 ' Timour the Tartar,' Covent Garden, 
 29 April 1811. In West Indies, Jan. 
 to March 1816. In Italy, May 1816 
 to Dec. 1817. In West Indies, Feb. 
 to May 1818. Sailed for England, 4 
 May ; died at sea, 14 May 1818. 
 
 Works : * The Monk ' (anon.), 1796 : 
 ' Village Virtues ' (anon.), 1796 ; 'The 
 Castle Spectre,' 1798 ; * Tales of 
 Terror,' 1799 [?] ; 'The Love of Gain' 
 (from Juvenal), 1799 ; ' The East 
 Indian,' 1799 ; ' Adelmorn,' 1801 (2nd 
 edn. same year) ; 'Alfonso, King of 
 Castile,' 1801; 'Tales of Wonder' 
 (with Scott and Southey), 1801 ; 
 ' Adelgitha,' 1806 ; 'Feudal Tyrants,' 
 1806 ; ♦ Romantic Tales,' 1808 ; 
 'Venoni,' 1809 ; 'One o'clock,' 1811; 
 ' Timour the Tartar,' 1812 ; ' Poems,' 
 1812; *Koenig8mark the Robber' 
 [1815?]. 
 
 Posthumous: * Raymond and Agnes ' 
 [1820 ?] ; ' The Isle of Devils,' 1827 ; 
 ' Journal of a West Indian Proprietor,' 
 1834; 'My Uncle's Garret Window,' 
 1841. 
 
 He translated : Schiller's * The 
 Minister ' (* Kabale and Liebe'), 1798 ; 
 Kotzebue's 'Rolla,' 1799 ; Zschokke's 
 *The Bravo of Venice' (' Abellino '), 
 1805. 
 
 Life : * Life and Correspondence ' 
 (2 vols.), 1839. 
 
 LILLO (George), 1693-1739. Bom, 
 in London, 4 Feb. 1693. Assisted his 
 father in jewellery business. Pla; 
 
 ' Silvia ' produced at Drury Lane, 10 
 Nov. 1730; 'The Merchant' (after- 
 wards called : 'The London Merchant, 
 or the History of George Barnwell '), 
 Drury Lane, 22 June 1731 ; 'Britannia, 
 or the Royal Lovers,' Covent Garden, 
 11 Feb. 1734 ; ' The Christian Hero,' 
 Drury Lane, 13 Jan. 1735 ; ' Fatal 
 Curiosity,' Haymarket, 1736 ; 'Marina' 
 (adapted from ' Pericles '), Covent 
 Garden, 1 Aug. 1738; 'Elmerick,' 
 posthumously produced, Drury Lane, 
 23 Feb. 1740 ; adaptation of ' Arden 
 of Faversham, ' posthumously produced, 
 Drury Lane, 19 July 1759. Died, in 
 London, 3 Sept. 1739. Burled in St. 
 Leonard's, Shoreditch. 
 
 Works: 'Silvia' (anon.), 1731; 
 'The London Merchant,' 1731 (2nd 
 edn. same year) ; 'The Christian 
 Hero,' 1735 ; * Fatal Curiosity,' 1737 ; 
 'Marina,' 1738. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Britannia and Ba- 
 tavia,' 1740 ; * Elmerick,' 1740 ; 
 ' Arden of Faversham * (adapted), 
 1762. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by T. Davies, 
 with memoir (2 vols.), 1775. 
 
 LILLY (William Samuel), b. 1840. 
 Born, at Fifehead, Dorsetshire, 10 
 July 1840. To St. Peter's Coll., 
 Camb., Oct. 1858 ; senior scholar, 
 1859; LL.B., 1862; LL.M., 1870. 
 Indian Civil Servant, 1861 ; to Madras, 
 same year. Under-Sec. to Govt, of 
 Madras, 1869. Left India, owing to ill- 
 health, 1870. Student of Inner 
 Temple, 27 April 1869 ; called to Bar, 
 17 Nov. 1873. Sec. to Catholic Union 
 of Great Britain, since 1874. Married 
 Susannah Louisa Hall, 16 Dec. 1878. 
 J.P. for Middlesex and London, 1886. 
 Mem. of Athenaeum Club, under 
 Rule IL, 1887. Hon. Fellow, St. 
 Peter's Coll., 1893. Frequent con- 
 tributor to 'Quarterly Rev.,' 'Nine- 
 teenth Century,' 'Fortnightly Rev.,' 
 etc. 
 
 Works : * Ancient Religion and 
 Modern Thought,' 1884 ; « Chapters in 
 European History' (2 vols.), 1886 ; 'A 
 Century of Revolution,' 1889; 'On 
 Right and Wrong,' 1890 ; ' On 
 Shibboleths,' 1892 ; * The Great 
 
170 
 
 LINTON— LOCKE 
 
 Enigma,' 1892 ; ' Manual of the Law 
 specially affectii'g Catholics' (with 
 J. E. P. Wallis), 1893 ; ' The Claims 
 of Christianity,' 1894 ; 'Four English 
 Humourists of the Nineteenth Cen- 
 tury,' 1895 ; ' Essays and Speeches,' 
 1897. 
 
 xi.e has editid: 'Characteristics 
 from the Writings of J. H. Newman,' 
 
 1875 ; 'Characteristics . . . from the 
 Writings of Henry Edward, Cardinal 
 Archbishop of Westminster ' [1885]. 
 
 LINTON {Mrs. Elizabeth Lynn), b. 
 1822. Born [Elizabeth Lynn], at Kes- 
 wick, 10 Feb. 1822. To London, 1845. 
 Adopted literary career. On staff of 
 'Morning Chronicle,' 'Daily News,' 
 'Morning Star,' etc. Married to 
 William James Linton, 26 March 
 1858. Removed to Malvern, 1895. 
 
 Works : ' Azeth, the Egyptian ' 
 (anon.), 1847; 'Amymone,' 1848; 
 ' Realities,' 1851 ; ' Witch Stories,' 
 1861; 'The Lake Country,' 1864; 
 'Grasp your Nettle,' 1865; 'Lizzie 
 Lorton of Greyrigg,' 1866 ; ' Sowing 
 the Wind,' 1867 ; ' Ourselves,' 1869 ; 
 ' The True History of Joshua David- 
 son' (anon.), 1872; 'Patricia Kemball,' 
 1875 ; 'The Mad Willoughbys ' [1876] ; 
 'The Atonement of Leam Dunda?,' 
 
 1876 ; 'The World Well Lost,' 1877 ; 
 'Under Which Lord?' 1879; 'At 
 Night in a Hospital ' (from ' Belgravia ' ), 
 [1879] ; ' With a Silken Thread,' 1880 ; 
 ' The Rebel of the Family,' 1880 ; 
 •My Love,' 1881 ; 'The Girl of the 
 Period' (from 'Sat. Rev.'), 1883; 
 ' lone,' 1883 ; ' The Rift in the Lute ' 
 [1885] ; ' Stabbed in the Dark ' [1885]; 
 'The Autobiography of Christopher 
 Kirkland,' 1885; 'Paston Carew,' 
 1886; 'Through the Long Night,' 
 1889 ; ' About Ireland,' 1890 ; ' An 
 Octave of Friends,' 1891 ; 'About 
 Ulster,' 1892; 'The One Too Many,' 
 
 1894 ; ' In Haste and at Leisure,' 
 
 1895 ; 'Dulcie Everton,' 1896. 
 
 LIVINGSTONE (David), 1813-1873. 
 Born, at Blantyre, 19 March 1813. 
 Worked in cotton factory in Glasgow, 
 1823-38. Attended classes at Ander- 
 son Coll., and Glasgow University, 
 
 1836-38. Training for Missionary, 
 under auspices of London Missionary 
 Soc, Sept. 1838 to Nov. 1840. Li- 
 centiate of Faculty of Physicians, 
 Glasgow Univ., Nov. 1840. Ordained 
 Missionary, 20 Nov. 1840. Sailed for 
 Cape of Good Hope, 8 Dec. 1840. 
 Missionary and Exploring labours in 
 South and Central Africa, 1841-56. 
 Married Mary Moffat, 1844. Hon. 
 LL.D., Glasgow, Dec. 1854. In 
 England, 1856-57. Gold Medal, 
 Royal Geog. Soc, 15 Dec. 1856. 
 Freedom of City of London, 21 May 
 1857 ; of Cities of Glasgow, Edin- 
 burgh, and Dundee, 1857. Hon. 
 D.C.L., Oxford, 1857. F.R.S., 1857. 
 Exploring in Africa, 1858-64. In 
 England, July 1864 to Aug. 1865. 
 In India, Sept. 1865 to Jan. 1866. 
 Resumed exploration in Africa, 
 April 1866. Relieved by H. M. 
 Stanley, Oct. 1871. Died, in Africa, 
 1 May 1873. Buried in West- 
 minster Abbey, 18 April 1874. 
 
 Works : ' Missionary Travels and 
 Researches in South Africa,' 1857 ; 
 ' Cambridge Lectures,' 1858 ; ' Narra- 
 tive of an Expedition to the Zambesi ' 
 (with C. Livingstone), 1865. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Last Journals,' ed. 
 by H. Waller (2 vols.), 1874. 
 
 Life: by J. Marrat, 1877 ; by W. 
 G. B. Blaikie, 1888 ; by Thomas 
 Hughes, 1891. 
 
 LOCKE (John), 1632-1704. Bom, 
 at Wrington, Somerset, 29 Aug. 1632. 
 At Westminster School, 1646[?] - 52. 
 Matric. Ch.Ch., Oxford, as Junior 
 Student, 27 Nov. 1652 ; B. A., 14 Feb. 
 1656 ; M.A., 29 June 1658 ; Greek 
 Lecturer, 1661 ; Reader in Rhetoric, 
 1662 ; Censor of Moral Philosophy, 
 1663. Student at Gray's Inn, 1656. 
 Incorporated at Cambridge, 1 663. Sec. 
 to Sir Walter Vane on embassy to 
 Brandenburg, Dec. 1665 to Feb. 1666. 
 Settled again at Oxford on his return 
 to England. F.R.S., 23 Nov. 1668. 
 Studied medicine, and practised as 
 physician. B.Med., Oxford, 6 Feb. 
 1675. Resided in house of first Earl 
 of Shaftesbury, as physician, from 1667. 
 Visit to France, Sept. 1672. Sec. of 
 
LOCKER-LAMPSON— LOCKHART 
 
 171 
 
 Presentations to Earl of Shaftesbury, 
 when latter became Lord Chancellor, 
 Nov. 1672. Sec. to Council of Trade, 
 Oct. 1673-75. At Montpellier, for 
 health, Dec. 1675 to March 1677. In 
 Paris, as tutor to a son of Sir John 
 Banks, May 1677 to June 1678 ; at 
 Montpellier, Oct. to Nov. 1678; in 
 Paris, Nov. 1678 to April 1679. Re- 
 turned to England. Reside! chiefly 
 with Earl of Shaftesbury, 1679-81 ; at 
 Oxford, 1681-83. Being suspected of 
 treason, retired to Holland, autumn 
 of 1683. Expelled from student- 
 ship at Ch. Ch., Oxford, Nov. 1684. 
 In Holland, 1683-89. Returned to 
 England, Feb. 1689. Commissioner of 
 Appeals, 1689-1704. Lived at West- 
 minster, 1689-91 ; removed to Oates, 
 High Laver, Essex, 1691. Mem. of 
 Council of Trade, May 1696 to 1700. 
 Lived at Oates, boarding in household 
 of Sir Francis Masham, 1700-04. Died, 
 at Oates, 28 Oct. 1704. Buried in High 
 Laver Churchyard. 
 
 Works : * Methode nouvelle de 
 dresser les Recueils,' 1686 (English 
 trans., called : ' A New Method of 
 Making Commonplace Books,' 1697) ; 
 'Epistola de Tolerantia,' 1689 (English 
 trans, by W. Popple, same year) ; ' A 
 Second Letter concerning Toleration ' 
 (signed: « Philanthropus '), 1690; 'A 
 Third Letter ' (signed : • Philan- 
 thropus '), 1690 ; * An Essay concerning 
 Humane Understanding,' 1690 ; 'Two 
 Treatises of Government' (anon.), 
 1690; 'Five Letters concerning the 
 Inspiration of the Holy Scriptures' 
 (anon. ; attrib. to Locke), 1690 ; *Some 
 Considerations of the consequences of 
 the Lowering of Interest' (anon.), 
 1692 ; • Some Thoughts concern- 
 ing Education' (anon.), 1693; 'The 
 Reasonableness of Christianity'(anon.), 
 1695 ; 'Short Observations on a printed 
 paper intituled, " For encouraging 
 the Coining of Silver Money in 
 England"' (anon.), 1695; * Further 
 Considerations concerning Raising the 
 Value of Money,' 1695 ; * Letter to the 
 . . . Lord Bishop of Worcester,' 1697 ; 
 ' Reply to the Bishop of Worcester's 
 Answer to his Letter,' 1697; 'Reply 
 to the Bishop's Answer to his Second 
 
 Letter,' 1697 ; 'A Commonplace Book 
 in reference to the Holy Bible* (anon. ; 
 attrib. to Locke), 1697. 
 
 Posthumous : ' A Paraphrase and 
 Notes on the Epistle of St. Paul to the 
 Galatians ' (6 pts.), 1705-1707 ; * The 
 History of Our Saviour ' (anon. ; attrib. 
 to Locke), 1705 ; 'Select Moral Books 
 of the Old Testament . . .paraphrased* 
 (anon. ; attrib. to Locke), 1706 ; ' A 
 Paraphrase and Notes on the First 
 Epistle. . . to the Corinthians' (anon.), 
 1706; 'Posthumous Works,' 1706; 
 ' Some Familiar Letters,' 1708 ; 'Re- 
 mains,* 1714 ; • A Collection of several 
 Pieces,' 1720 ; ' Elements of Natural 
 Philosophy ' [1750?] ; ' Some thoughts 
 on the conduct of the Understanding,* 
 1762 ; ' Observations upon the Growth 
 and Culture of Vines and Olives,* 
 1766; •Discourses translated from 
 Nicole's "Essays,"' ed. by T. Han- 
 cock, 1828 ; ♦ Original Letters of 
 Locke, A. Sidney and Lord Shaftes- 
 bury,' ed. by T. Forster, 1830. 
 
 He edited: ^Esop's 'Fables,' 1703. 
 
 Collected Works: in 8 vols, 1714; 
 in 10 vols., 1823. 
 
 Life : by H. R. Fox Bourne, 1876 ; 
 by T. Fowler, 1880. 
 
 LOCKER - LAMPSON (Frederick) 
 1821-1895. Born [Frederick Locker], 
 at Greenwich Hospital, 1821. Edu- 
 cated at various private schools, 1829- 
 36. Clerk in colonial broker's in 
 London, Sept. 1837 to Dec. 1838. 
 Visit to Continent, 1840. Clerk at 
 Somerset House, March 1841. Trans- 
 ferred to Admiralty, Nov. 1842. Mar- 
 ried (i.) Lady Charlotte Bruce, 4 July 
 1849. Contrib. to 'Cornhill Mag.' 
 from 1860. Wife died, 26 April 1872. 
 Married (ii.) Hannah Jane Lampson, 6 
 July 1874. Took additional surname 
 of Lampson on death of wife's father, 
 1890. Died, at Bowfant, 30 May 
 1895. 
 
 Works : ' London Lyrics,' 1857 ; 
 * Lyra Elegantiarum,* 1867 (first edn. 
 suppressed ; revised edn. same year). 
 
 Posthumous : ' My Confidences,* 
 ed. by A. Birrell, 1896. 
 
 LOCKHAET (John Gibson) 1794- 
 1854. Born, at Oambusnethan, Lan- 
 
m 
 
 tODGE-LONGFELLOW 
 
 arkshire, 14 July 1794. At school in 
 Glasgow. At Glasgow Univ., 1805- 
 09. Matric. Balliol Coll., Oxford, as 
 Exhibitioner, 16 Oct. 1809 ; B.O.L., 
 1817. Studied law in Edinburgh, 
 181316 ; Advocate, 1816. Travelled 
 in Germany, 1816-17 ; visited Goethe 
 at Weimar. Contrib. to * Blackwood's 
 Mag.' from Oct. 1817. Friendship with 
 Sir Walter Scott begun, May 1818. 
 Married Sophia Scott, 29 April 1820. 
 Lived at Chiefswood, near Abbotsford. 
 Active literary life. Removed to 
 London, 1825. Edited * Quarterly 
 Review,' 1825-53. Called to Bar at 
 Lincoln's-Inn, 22 Nov. 1831. D.C.L., 
 Oxford, 13 June 1834. Auditor of the 
 Duchy of Lancaster, 1843. Withdrew 
 from society in later years. In Italy, 
 winter 1853-54. Died, at Abbots- 
 ford, 25 Nov. 1854. Buried in Dry- 
 burgh Abbey. 
 
 Works : • Peter's Letters to his 
 Kinsfolk ' (under pseud. ' Peter Morris ' ), 
 1819; 'Valerius' (anon.), 1821; 
 
 • Some passages in the life of Mr. 
 Adam Blair' (anon.), 1822; 'Regin- 
 ald Dalton' (anon.), 1823; 'The 
 History of Matthew Wald' (anon.), 
 1824 ; 'Life of Robert Burns,' 1828; 
 
 * History of Napoleon Buonaparte ' 
 (anon.), 1829 ; 'History of the late 
 War,' 1832 ; ' Memoirs of the Life 
 of Sir Walter Scott' (7 vols.), 1836- 
 38 ; * Songs of the Edinburgh Squad- 
 ron ' (anon.), 1839 ; 'The Ballantyne 
 Humbug Handled,' 1839 ; ' Theodore 
 Hook ' (anon.), 1852. 
 
 He edited : Motteux's translation 
 of 'Don Quixote,' 1822; Sir W. 
 Scott's ' Poetical Works * (under 
 initials J. G. L), 1833-34; Byron's 
 Works (with Sir W. Scott), 1835; 
 and translated : 'Ancient Spanish 
 Ballads,' 1823. 
 
 Life: 'Life and Letters,' by A. 
 Lang, 1897. 
 
 LODGE (Thomas), 1558 [1]-1625. 
 Born, in London, 1558 [?]. At Mer- 
 chant Taylors' School, March, 1570 to 
 1573 [?]. To Trin. Coll., Oxford, as 
 Servitor, 1573 [?] ; B. A., 8 July 1577 ; 
 M.A., 3 Feb. 1581. Student of Lin- 
 coln's Inn, 26 A^pril 1578. Devoted 
 
 himself to literature. Married (i.) Joan 
 
 , 1583. Tragedy, ' The Wounds of 
 
 Civill War,' produced, 1587 [?]; 'A 
 Looking Glasse for London and Eng- 
 land ' (written with Greene), produced 
 8 March 1592. Possibly wrote other 
 plays with Greene. Visited Ca- 
 naries, 1588-89 [?] ; South America, 
 1591-93. Moved from London to 
 Low Leyton, Essex, 1596 ; b°gan 
 to study medicine. M.D., Avignon, 
 1600. M.D., Oxford, 25 Oct. 1602. 
 Licentiate, Coll. of Physicians, 1610. 
 Practised in London. Travelled fre- 
 quently on Continent. Married (ii.) 
 Jane Aldred. Died, in London, Sept 
 [?] 1625. 
 
 Works: 'Defence of Play8,'1580 [?] ; 
 ' An Alarum against Usurers,' 1584 ; 
 'Scillaes Metamorphysis,' 1589 (later 
 edn., called : ' A most pleasant historic 
 of Glaucus and Scilla,' 1610) ; 'Rosa- 
 lynde' (anon.), 1590 ; 'Robert, second 
 Duke of Normandy,' 1591; ' Catha- 
 ros ' (anon.), 1591 ; 'Euphues Shadow' 
 (anon.), 1592 ; ' Phillis,' 1593 ; 'Life 
 and death of William Longbeard' 
 (anon.), 1593 ; ' The Wounds of Civill 
 War,' 1594 ; 'A Looking Glasse for 
 London' (with Greene), 1594; *A 
 Fig for Momus ' (anon.), 1595 ; * The 
 Divel Conjured' (anon.), 1596; *A 
 Margarite of America,' 1596 ; 'Wits 
 Miserie,' 1596 ; 'Prosopopeia,' 1596; 
 'Paradoxes ' (anon.), 1602 ; 'A Trea- 
 tise of the Plague,' 1603. 
 
 He translated : Josephus' Works, 
 1602 ; Seneca's Works, 1614 ; ' A 
 Learned Summary of Du Bartas,' 
 1625. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by E. Gosse, 
 with memoir, 1878-82. 
 
 LONGFELLO'W (Henry Wads- 
 worth), 1807-1882. Born, at Port- 
 land, Maine, 27 Feb. 1807. At school 
 there. To Bowdoin Coll., 1822 ; B. A., 
 1825. Contrib. to various periodicals 
 while at college. Elected Prof, of 
 Mod. Languages, Bowdoin, 1825. 
 Travelled in Europe, June 1826 to 
 Aug. 1829. Began professional 
 duties at Bowdoin, Sept. 1829. Con- 
 trib. to ' North American Rev.,' April 
 1831 to Oct. 1840. Married (i.) Mary 
 
LOVELACE—LOVER 
 
 173 
 
 Storer Potter, Sept. 1831. Smith 
 Prof, of Mod. Lan., Harvard Univ., 
 Dec. 1834. Travelled in Europe, April 
 1835 to Dec. 1836 ; wife died, at 
 Rotterdam, 29 Nov. 1835. Began 
 professional duties at Harvard, Dec. 
 1836. Contrib. ' The Psalm of Life ' 
 to 'Knickerbocker Mag.,' June 1838. 
 In Europe, for health, autumn of 
 1842. Married (ii. ) Frances Elizabeth 
 Appleton, 13 July 1843. Resigned 
 Professorship, 1854. Active literary 
 life. Contrib. to * Atlantic Monthly, ' 
 1857-76. Wife burnt to death, 9 July 
 1861. Visit to Europe, May 1868 to 
 1869. Hon. LL.D., Camb., 16 June 
 1868. Received by Queen at Wind- 
 sor, July 1868. Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 
 27 July 1869. Died, at Cambridge, 
 Mass., 24 March 1882. Buried at 
 Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge. 
 WorTcs : ' Syllabus de la Grammaire 
 Itah'enne ' (in French), 1832 ; • Outre- 
 Mer' (2 vols.), 1835; 'Hyperion' (2 
 vols.), 1839; 'Voices of the Night,' 
 1839; 'Ballads and other Poems,' 
 1841; 'Poems on Slavery,' 1842; 
 
 * The Spanish Student,' 1843 ; ' The 
 Belfry of Bruges,' 1846 ; ' Evangeline,' 
 1847; 'Kavanagh,' 1849; 'The Sea- 
 side and the Fireside,' 1850 ; 'The 
 Golden Legend,' 1851 ; 'The Song of 
 Hiavvratha,' 1855 ; * The Courtship of 
 Miles Standish,' 1858 ; * Tales of a 
 Wayside Inn,' 1863; 'Flower -de- 
 Luce,' 1867; 'The New England 
 Tragedies,' 1868 ; ' The Divine 
 Tragedy,' 1871 ; ' Christus ' (consist- 
 ing of : ' Divine Tragedy,* ' Golden 
 Legend,' and * New England Trage- 
 dies '), 1872 ; ' Three Books of Song,' 
 1872; 'Aftermath,' 1873; 'The Hang- 
 ing of the Crane,' 1874 ; ' The Masque 
 of Pandora,' 1875; 'Poems of the 
 " Old South'" (with Holmes, Whittier, 
 and others), 1877; 'The Skeleton in 
 Armour,' 1877 ; * Keramos,' 1878 ; 
 
 * Ultima Thule,' 1880. 
 
 Posthumous : * In the Harbour,' 
 1882 ; ' Michael Angelo,' 1884. 
 
 He translated : L'Homond's * Ele- 
 ments of French Grammar,' 1830 ; 
 J. Manrique's 'Coplas,' 1833 ; Dante's 
 •Divine Comedy ' (3 vols.), 1867-70 ; 
 and edited : 'Manuel de Proverbes 
 
 Dramatiques,' 1830; ' Novelas Espafi- 
 olas,' 1830 ; ' Cours de Langue Fran- 
 gaise,' 1832; 'Saggi de' Novellieri 
 Italiani d'ogni Secola,' 1832 ; ' The 
 Waif,' 1845 ; ' The Poets and Poetry 
 of Europe,' 1845 ; ' The Estray,' 1847 ; 
 'Poems of Places ' (31 vols.), 1876-79. 
 
 Collected Works: in 11 vols., 1866. 
 
 Life: 'Life,' by his brother, 
 Samuel Longfellow, 1886; 'Final 
 Memorials,' by same, 1887. 
 
 lOVELACS (Richard), 1618-1658. 
 Bom, at Woolwich, 1618. Early edu- 
 cation at Charterhouse. Matric, Glou- 
 cester Hall, Oxford, 27 June 1634 ; 
 created M.A., 31 Aug. 1836. Incorp. 
 atCamb.,1637. Comedy, 'TheScholar,' 
 played at Oxford, 1636. In Royalist 
 Army, as Ensign under Lord Goring, 
 1638-39. Succeeded to family pro- 
 perty in Kent, 1639. Imprisoned in 
 Gatehouse, Westminster, on political 
 charge, April to June, 1642. Left 
 England, 1646 ; Colonel of French 
 regiment, 1646-48. Returned to 
 England, 1648 ; on return was again 
 imprisoned, in Petre House, Alders- 
 gate, till Dec. 1849. Died, in London, 
 1668. Buried in St. Bride's Church. 
 
 Works : ' Lucasta,' 1649. 
 
 Posthumous : * Posthume Poems,' 
 ed. by his brother, 1659. 
 
 LOVER (Samuel), 1797-1868. Born, 
 in Dublin, 24 Feb. 1797. Privately 
 educated there. Early aptitude for 
 music. In office of his father (a 
 stockbroker), 1812-14. Began to 
 study painti n g, 1 8 1 4. Married ( i. ) M iss 
 Berrel, 1827. Memb. of Royal Hi- 
 bernian Acad., 1828; Secretary, 1830. 
 Contrib. to 'Dublin Literary Gaz.' 
 Exhibited at Royal Acad., London, 
 1833. One of founders of 'Dublin 
 Univ. Mag. ,' 1833. To London, 1835 ; 
 engaged in miniature painting. Play, 
 •The Olympic Picnic,' produced at) 
 Olympic Theatre, 1835 ; ' The Beau 
 Ideal,' 1836 ; 'Rory O'More ' (drama- 
 tized from his novel), Adelphi Theatre, 
 1837 ; 'The White Horse of the Pep- 
 pards,' Adelphi ; •The Happy Man,' 
 Haymarket ; ' The Greek Boy,' Co vent 
 Garden ; • 11 Paddy Whack in Italia,' 
 Lyceum, Helped to form ' Bentley's 
 
174 
 
 LOWELL- LUBBOCK 
 
 Miscellany,' 1837. Gave up painting 
 owing to failing eyesight, 1844. Pro- 
 duced entertainment, ' Irish Evenings,' 
 performed by himself at Princess's Con- 
 cert Rooms, March 1844 ; performed it 
 in America, 1846-48 ; * Paddy's Port- 
 folio,' 1848. Wife died, 1847. Play 
 ' Sentinels of the Alma,' produced, 
 Haymarket ; * Macarthy More,' Ly- 
 ceum. Married (ii.) Mary Wandby, 
 Jan. 1852. Ill-health from 1864. Re- 
 moved to St. Heliers, Jersey ; died 
 there, 6 July 1868. Buried at Kensal 
 Green, 
 
 Works [exclusive of various farces 
 printed in Lacy's, Webster's, and 
 Duncombe's ' Acting Editions '] : 
 ' Rory O'More ' (ballad), 1826 ; 
 'Legends and Stories of Ireland' 
 (2 series), 1831-34; 'Rory O'More' 
 (novel), 1837 ; * Songs and Bal- 
 lads,' 1839; 'Handy Andy,' 1842; 
 'Treasure Trove,' 1844; 'Lyrics of 
 Ireland,' 1858; 'Rival Rhymes in 
 Honour of Burns ' (under pseud. ' Ben 
 Trovato'), 1859; 'Volunteer Songs,' 
 1859 ; ' Metrical Tales, and Other 
 Poems,' 1860 [1859]. 
 
 Life : by W. Bayle Bernard, 1874. 
 
 Collected Works : ' Poetical Works ' 
 [1880], 
 
 LOWELL (James Russell), 1819- 
 1891. Born, at Cambridge, Mass. , 22 
 Feb. 1819. Early education with 
 tutor. To Harvard Univ., 1834 ; 
 B.A., 1838 ; LL.B., 1840. Called to 
 Bar, 1840. Soon devoted himself to 
 literature. Married (i.) Maria White, 
 26 Dec. 1844. Active in support of 
 Abolition of Slavery. Contrib. ' Big- 
 low Papers' to 'Boston Courier,' 1846- 
 48. Part editor of 'The Pioneer,' 
 1843. Corresponding editor of * Na- 
 tional Anti-Slavery Standard,' 1848. 
 Contrib. to 'Dial,' ' Democratic Rev.,' 
 • Mass. Quarterly Rev.'; to 'Putnam's 
 Monthly ' from 1853. Visit to Europe, 
 1851-52. Wife died, 1853. Prof, of 
 Mod. Languages, Harvard, Jan. 1855. 
 Married (ii.) Frances Dunlap, Sept. 
 1857. Edited 'Atlantic Monthly ' from 
 1857-62 ; part editor of ' North Ameri- 
 can Rev.,' 1863-72. Visit to Europe, 
 1872-75. Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 18 
 
 June 1873. Hon. LL.D.,Camb., 1874. 
 U.S.A. Ambassador in Madrid, 1877- 
 80 ; in London, 1880-85. Hon, LL.D., 
 Edinburgh, 1884. Hon. LL.D., Har- 
 vard, St. Andrew's, and Bologna. 
 Returned to America, 1885. Died, 
 12 Aug. 1891. 
 
 Works: 'Class Poem,' 1838; 'A 
 Year's Life,' 1841 ; ' Poems,' 1844 
 (3rd edn. same year) ; ' The Vision of 
 Sir Launfal,' 1845 ; * Conversations 
 on Some of the Old Poets,' 1845 ; 
 ' Reader ! Walk up at Once ! . . . A 
 Fable for Critics' (anon.), 1848 (2nd 
 edn. same year) ; ' Poems,' 1848 ; 
 ' The Biglow Papers ' (anon.), Ist 
 series, 1848 ; 2nd series, 1867 ; 'Poems ' 
 (2 vols.), 1849 ; 'Poetical Works ' (2 
 vols.), 1858; 'Mason and Slidell,' 
 1862 ; 'Fireside Travels,' 1864 ; 'The 
 President's Policy,' 1864 ; ' Ode re- 
 cited at the Commemoration of the 
 Living and Dead Soldiers of Harvard 
 University,' 1865 ; 'Under the Wil- 
 lows,' 1869 [1868] ; ' My Study Win- 
 dows,' 1870 ; ' The Cathedral,' 1870 ; 
 'Among my Books,' 1st series, 1870 ; 
 2nd series,1876 ; ' The Courtier,' 1874 ; 
 ' Three Memorial Poems,' 1876 ; 'Fa- 
 vourite Poems,' 1877 ; ' A Moosehead 
 Journal,' 1877; 'Works' (5 vols.), 
 1881; 'Democracy, and Other Ad- 
 dresses,' 1887 ; ' Richard III. and the 
 Primrose Criticism,' 1887; 'Hearts- 
 ease and Rue,' 1888 ; ' Political 
 Essays,' 1888 ; 'Address ' [to Ameri- 
 can Mod. Language Soc], 1890. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Last Literary Essays 
 and Addresses,' ed. by E. Norton, 
 
 1891 ; ' The Old English Dramatists,' 
 
 1892 ; 'Letters,' ed. by 0. E. Norton, 
 1895 [1894] ; 'Last Poems,' ed. by C. 
 E. Norton, 1895. 
 
 He edited: Keats' Poems, 1854 ; 
 Shelley's Poems, 1875. 
 
 GoUected Works: in 10 vols., 1890- 
 91. 
 
 LUBBOCK {Sir John), Bart, b. 1834. 
 Born, in London, 30 April 1834. At 
 Eton, 1845-48. To post in his father's 
 bank, 1848 ; partner, 1856. Married 
 (i.) Ellen Frances Hordern, 10 April 
 1856. F.R.S., 1858. Pres. Ethno- 
 logical Soc, 1863. Succeeded to 
 
LYDGATE 
 
 175 
 
 Baronetcy, 1865. Prea. Entomo- 
 logical Soc, 1866. Mem. of Interna- 
 tional Coinage Commission, 1868 ; of 
 Public Schools Commission, 1868 ; of 
 Advancement of Science Commission, 
 
 1870. Pres. Anthropological Insti- 
 tute, 1870. M.P. for Maidstone, 1870 
 and 1874. Vice-Pres. Royal Soc, 
 
 1871. Vice-Chancellor, London Univ., 
 1872-80. Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 9 
 June 1875. Hon. LL.D., Dublin, 
 1878. Trustee of British Museum, 
 13 March 1878. Pres. Inst, of 
 Bankers, 1879. Wife died, 1879. 
 M.P. for London Univ., 1880. Pres. 
 British Association, 1881. Pres. 
 Linnaean Soc, 1881-86. Hon. LL.D., 
 Camb., 1883. Pres. Working Men's 
 Coll., 1883. Hon. LL.D., Edinburgh, 
 1884. Hon. M.D., Wurzburg, 1884. 
 Married (ii.) Alice Augusta Laurentia 
 Lane-Fox-Pitt-Rivers, 17 May 1884. 
 Rede Lecturer, Camb., 1886. Mem. 
 of Education Commission, 1888 ; of 
 Gold and Silver Commission, 1888. 
 Vice-Chairman London County Coun- 
 cil, 1888-89; Chairman, 1890-92. 
 Pres. London Chamber of Commerce, 
 1888-92. Privy Councillor, 1890. 
 Chairman of Committee of Design on 
 New Coinage, 1891. Pres. Inter- 
 national Library Conference, 1897. 
 
 Works [exclusive of over 100 Me- 
 moirs in the Transactions of various 
 scientific societies] : * Prehistoric 
 Times,' 1865 ; * A Proposal to Ex- 
 tend the System Pursued by 
 H.M.C.S. Commissioners, etc.,' 1869 ; 
 
 * The Origin of Civilization,' 1870 ; 
 *0n the Origin and Metamor- 
 phoses of Insects,' 1873 ; ♦ On the 
 Bank Act of 1844,' 1873; 'Mono- 
 graph of the Thysanura and CoUem- 
 bola,' 1873 ; ' On British Wild 
 Flowers,' 1875 ; ' On Certain Rela- 
 tions between Plants and Insects,' 
 1878; 'Scientific Lectures,' 1879; 
 
 * Addresses,' 1879 ; 'Ants, Bees, and 
 Wasps,' 1882; 'Fifty Years of 
 Science,' 1881 ; ' Chapters in Popular 
 Natural History' [1883]; 'Propor- 
 tional Representation ' (from ' Nine- 
 teenth Century '), 1884 ; 'Representa- 
 tion,' 1885 ; * Flowers, Fruits, and 
 Leaves,' 1886; 'The Pleasures of 
 
 Life,' 1887 ; 'Mr. Gladstone and the 
 Nationalities of the United Kingdom ' 
 (from the * Times '), 1887 ; ' On the 
 Senses, Instincts, and Intelligence of 
 Animals,' 1888 ; ' The Beauties of 
 Nature,' 1892; 'A Contribution to 
 our Knowledge of Seedlings,' 1892 ; 
 'The Uses of Life,' 1894; 'The 
 Scenery of Switzerland,' 1896. 
 
 He has edited: S. Nilsson's ' Primi- 
 tive Inhabitants of Scandinavia,' 1868 ; 
 'Modern Science,' 1891, etc.; and 
 contribiUed prefaces to : C. P. K. 
 Jackson's ' Our Ancient Monuments,' 
 1880 ; H. C. MacCook's * Tenants of 
 an Old Farm,' 1888 ; H. Hall's * An- 
 tiquities and Curiosities of the Ex- 
 chequer,' 1891 ; G. Lubbock's * Some 
 Poor Relief Questions,' 1895. 
 
 LYDGATE (John), 1370[?]-1450 [?]. 
 Bom, at Lydgate, near Newmarket, 
 about 1370. Perhaps educated at 
 Benedictine School at Bury St. Ed- 
 munds. Joined Benedictine Order at 
 Bury St. Edmunds. Ordained Deacon, 
 1393 ; Priest, 1397. Prolific writer 
 of poetry. Court poet from 1412. 
 Prior of Hatfield, Essex, 1423-34. 
 Crown pension, 1440. Died about 
 1450. Buried at Bury St. Edmunds' 
 Monastery. 
 
 Works: 'The Temple of Glas,' 
 [1479 ?] ; ' The Fable of the Horse, 
 the Sheep, and the Goose ' [1479 ?] ; 
 'Chorl and Bird' [1479?]; 'Stans 
 Puer ad Mensam' (anon.; attrib. to 
 Lydgate), [1479 ?] ; ' Curia Sapientiae ' 
 [1481?]; 'The Life of Our Lady,' 
 1484 ; ' Falls of Princes ' (trans, from 
 Boccaccio), 1494 ; ' The Assembly of 
 Gods,' 1498 ; ' Our Lady's Lamenta- 
 cion' [1500?]; 'The Vertue of ye 
 Masse ' [1500 ?] ; 'On the Procession 
 at the Feast of Corpus Christi ' 
 [1500 ?] ; 'A Godly Narrative how 
 St. Augustine . . . Raised two Dead 
 Bodies ' [1500 ? ; no copy known] ; 
 'The Story of Thebes' [1500?]; 
 'Troy Book,' 1513; 'A Treatyse 
 called Galand ' [1520 ?] ;^ 'The Dam- 
 age and Destruccyon in Realmes ' 
 [1520 ?] ; * Verses on the Kings of 
 England,' 1530 ; 'Life of Albon and 
 Amphabel,' 1533 ; * Secreta Secre- 
 
178 
 
 LYLY-LYTTON 
 
 torum ' {printed for E. E. Text Soc.), 
 1893. 
 
 LTLY (John), 1554-1606. Born, in 
 Kent, 1554. Student of Magdalen 
 Hall, Oxford, 1569 ; raatric, 8 Oct. 
 1571; B.A., 27 AprU 1573; M.A., 
 1 June 1575. Incorp. M.A., Cam- 
 bridge, 1579. Settled in London, and 
 engaged in literary work. Wrote 
 plays for Children of the Revels. 
 M.P. for Hindon, Feb. to March 
 1589 ; for Aylesbury, Feb. to April 
 
 1593 ; for Appleby, Sept. 1597 to Feb. 
 1598 ; for Aylesbury, Oct. to Deo. 
 1601. Married, 1595 [?]. Died, in 
 London, Nov. 1606 ; buried in Church 
 of St. Bartholomew-the-Less, 30 Nov. 
 
 Works: 'Euphues,' pt. i., 1579 
 (2nd edn. same year) ; pt. ii., 1580 
 (2nd edn. same year) ; 'Alexander 
 and Carapaspe,' 1584 (another edn., 
 called * Campaspe,' same year) ; 
 'Sapho and Phao' (anon.), 1584; 
 • Pappe with a Hatchet' (anon.), 
 [1589] ; ♦ Endimion,' 1591 ; * Galla- 
 thea' (anon.), 1592; 'Midas' (anon.), 
 1592; 'Mother Bombie' (anon.), 
 
 1594 ; ' The Woman in the Moone,' 
 1597 ; 'Love's Metamorphosis,' 1601. 
 
 Collected Works : ' Six Court Come- 
 dies,' 1632; 'Dramatic Works,' ed. 
 by F. W. Fairholb (2 vols.), 1858. 
 
 LYNDSAY {Sir David), 1490-1555. 
 Born, near Haddington [?], 1490. 
 Probably educated at Haddington 
 School and St. Salvator's Coll. At- 
 tached to Court of James IV. and 
 James V., till 1522. Married Janet 
 Douglas, 1522. Lyon King-of-Arms, 
 and Knight, 1529 [?] On Embassy 
 to Court of Emperor Charles V., 
 June to Aug., 1531. In France 
 with Duke of Albany, on embassy 
 concerning marriage of James V., 
 1536. To Court of Henry VIII. to 
 restore insignia of Garter on death of 
 James V., 1544. During last years 
 of life espoused Protestant cause. On 
 Embassy to King of Denmark, 1548. 
 Died, 1555. 
 
 Works: 'The Complaynte and 
 testament of a Popinjay,' 1538 ; * The 
 Tragical death of David Beat5,' 1546 ; 
 
 ' The Complaynt of Scotland ' (anon. ; 
 attrib. to Lyndsay), [1549?]; *Ane 
 Dialog betnix Experience and ane 
 Courteour' [1554?]. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Ane Dialog and 
 other poems,' 1558 ; * The History of 
 the SquyerWUliamMeldrum' [1582 ?] ; 
 *Ane Satyre of the Thrie Estaits,' 
 1602 ; 'A Supplement ... in con- 
 templation of Side Tailes and Muzzled 
 Faces ' [1690 ?]. ^ 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by Chalmers 
 (3 vols.), 1806 ; ed. for Early English 
 Text Soc, 1863-71 ; ed. by Laing 
 (3 vols.), 1879. 
 
 LYTTON (Edward George Earle 
 Lytton Bulwer-), 5aron Lytton, 1803- 
 1878. Bom [Edward George Earle 
 Lytton Bulwer], in London, 25 May 
 1803. Educated privately. Matrio. 
 Trin. Coll., Camb., Easter, 1822 ; re- 
 moved to Trin. Hall, Oct. 1822 ; 
 Chancellor's Medal for Prize Poem, 
 1825 ; B.A., 1826 ; M.A., 1835. First 
 visit to Paris, autumn of 1825. Mar- 
 ried Rosina Doyle Wheeler, 29 Aug. 
 1827. Settled near Pangbourne. 
 Prolific contributor to periodicals. 
 Removed to London, Sept. 1829. 
 Active literary life. Edited ' New 
 Monthly Mag.,' Nov. 1831 to Aug. 
 1833. M.P. for St. Ives, 1831-32. 
 Legal separation from his wife, April 
 1836. Play, 'The Duchess de la 
 Vallifere,' produced at Drury Lane, 
 1836 ; ' The Lady of Lyons,' Drury 
 Lane,, 1838 ; ' Richelieu,' Drury Lane, 
 1839 ; 'The Sea-Captain ' (afterwards 
 called 'The Rightful Heir'), Hay- 
 market, 1839 ; 'Money,' Haymarket, 
 1840. M.P. for Lincoln, 1833-41. 
 Baronet, July 1838. Joint editor 
 (with JBrewster and Lardner) of 
 'Monthly Chronicle,' 1841. Play, 
 'Not so Bad as we Seem,' acted at 
 Devonshire House, 1851. Succeeded 
 to estate of Knebworth at his mother's 
 death, Dec. 1843 ; assumed surname 
 of Lytton, Feb. 1844. M.P. for Hert- 
 fordshire, 1852-66. Hon.D.C.L., Ox- 
 ford, 9 June 1853. Lord Rector of 
 Glasgow Univ., 1856 and 1858. Sec. 
 of State for Colonies?, 1858-59. Privy 
 Councillor, June 1858. Hon. LL.D., 
 
LYTTON 
 
 177 
 
 Cambridge 1864. Created Baron 
 Lytton of Knebworth, 14 July 1866. 
 G.C.M.G. 15 Jan. 1870. Died, at 
 Torquay, 18 Jan. 1873. Buried in 
 Westniiaster Abbey. 
 
 lVor!c8 : ' Ismael,' 1820 ; ' Delmour' 
 (u;:,u.), 3823; *A Letter to a late 
 Cabinet Minister,' 1824 ; * Sculpture * 
 [1825]; 'Weeds and Wild Flowers' 
 (anon.; priv. ptd.), 1825; 'O'Neill' 
 (anon.), 1827; 'Falkland' (anon.) 
 1827; 'Pelham' (anon.), 1828; «The 
 Disowned ' (anon.), 1829 ; 'Devereux ' 
 (anon.), 1829 ; 'Paul Clifford' (under 
 initials: E. B. L.), 1830; 'The 
 SiameseTwins,' 1831 ; ' Eugene Aram' 
 (anon.), 1832 ; ' Asmodeus at large ' 
 (anon.), 1833; 'Godolphin' (anon.), 
 1833; 'England and the English,' 
 1833 (2nd edn. same year) ; ' Pilgrims 
 of the Rhine' (anon.), 1834; 'The 
 Last Days of Pompeii ' (anon.), 1834 ; 
 * Letter to a Cabinet Minister,' 1834 ; 
 ' The Student ' (from ' New Monthly 
 Mag.'), 1835 ; ' Rienzi,' 1835 ; ' The 
 Duchesse de la Vallifere ' (under ini- 
 tials : E. B. L.), 1836; 'Athens, its 
 rise and fall' (2 vols.), 1837 ; 'Ernest 
 Maltravers' (anon.), 1837; 'Alice' 
 (anon.), 1838; 'Leila,' 1838; 'Cald- 
 eron the Courtier ' (anon.), 1838 ; ' The 
 Lady of Lyons ' (under initials : E. B. 
 L.), 1838 ; 'Richelieu' (anon.), 1838 ; 
 'The Sea -Captain' (anon.), 1839; 
 'Money' (anon.), 1840; 'Works' 
 (10 vols. ), 1840 ; ' Night and Morning ' 
 (anon.), 1841 ; 'Dramatic Works,' 
 
 1841 ; ' Zanoni ' (anon.), 1842 ; 'Eva,' 
 
 1842 (2nd edn. same year) ; 'The Last 
 of the Barons ' (under initials : E. L. 
 B.), 1843; 'Confession of a Water 
 Patient,' 1845 ; 'The Crisis' (anon.), 
 1845; 'The New Timon' (anon.), 
 1846 ; ' Lucretia ' (anon.), 1846 ; ' A 
 Word to the Public' (anon.), 1847; 
 'Harold' (anon.), 1848; 'King Arthur,' 
 1848-49 (2nd edn., 1849) ; 'The Cax- 
 tons ' (from ' Blackwood's Mag.'), 
 1849 ; ' Night and Morning,' 1851 ; 
 ♦ Letter to John Bull, Esq.,' 1851 (11th 
 edn. same year) ; ' Not so Bad as we 
 Seem,' 1851 ; ' Outlines of the early 
 history of the East,' 1852 ; ' Poetical 
 and Dramatic Works' (5 vols.), 1852- 
 54 ; * My Novel ' (from ' Blackwood ' ; 
 
 under pseud.: ' Pisistratus Caxton'), 
 1853; 'Address to the Associated 
 Societies of the University of Edin- 
 burgh,' 1854 ; ' Clytemnestra ' (anon.), 
 1855 ; * Speech at the Leeds Mechanics* 
 Institution,' 1854 ; 'What will he do 
 with it?' (under pseud. : Pisistratus 
 Caxton), 1859 ; 'Novels' (43 vols.), 1859- 
 63 ; ' St. Stephen's ' (anon.), 1860 ; 'A 
 Strange Story ' (anon. ; from * All the 
 Year Round'), 1862; ' Caxtoniana,' 
 1863 ; 'The Boatman' (from 'Black- 
 wood ' ; under pseud. : Pisistratus 
 Caxton), 1864 ; ' The Lost Tales of 
 Miletus,' 1866 ; ' The Rightful Heir ' 
 (anon.), 1868; 'Miscellaneous Prose 
 Works,' 1868; 'Walpole,' 1869 ; 'The 
 Coming Race ' (from * Blackwood ' ; 
 anon.), 1871 ; ' Kenelm Chillingly ' 
 (anon.), 1873 ; 'The Parisians' (from 
 'Blackwood'), 1873. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Speeches,' and other 
 political writings, ed. by his son, 1874 ; 
 ' Pausanias the Spartan,' ed. by his 
 son, 1876 ; 'Life, Letters, and Literary 
 Remains ' (autobiog.), ed. by his son, 
 1883. 
 
 He translated : ' Poems and Ballads ' 
 from Schiller, 1844 ; Horace's ' Odes 
 and Epodes,' 1869. 
 
 Collected Works: in 37 vols., 1873- 
 75. 
 
 Life : by T. Cooper, 1873. 
 
 LYTTON (Edward Robert Bulwer), 
 Earl of Lytton, 1831-1891. [Son of 
 preceding.] Born, in London, 8 Nov. 
 1831. To Harrow, June 1846. Re- 
 moved after a short time ; after- 
 wards educated at Bonn. To Wash- 
 ington, as Sec. to Lord Dalling, Oct. 
 1849 ; Attach^ to Embassy at Florence, 
 Feb. 1852 ; at Paris, Aug. 1854 ; at 
 the Hague, 1856 ; at St. Petersburg, 
 April 1858 ; at Constantinople, June 
 1858 ; at Vienna, Jan. 1859 ; Second 
 Sec, Vienna. Oct. 1862; Sec. of 
 Legation at Copenhagen, Jan. 1863 ; 
 at Athens, May 1864. Married Edith 
 Villiers, 4 Oct. 1864. Sec. of Legation 
 at Lisbon, April 1865 ; at Madrid, 
 Feb. 1868 ; at Vienna, Sept. 1868 ; 
 Sec. to Embassy at Paris, Oct. 1872. 
 Succeeded to title of Baron Lytton at 
 his father's death, Jan. 1873. British 
 12 
 
178 
 
 MACAULAY-McCARTHY 
 
 Ambassador at Lisbon, Dec. 1874. 
 Viceroy of India, 1876-80. G.C.B., 1 
 Jan. 1876 ; G.C.S.I., 12 April 1876. 
 Created Earl of Lytton, April 1880. 
 British Anabassador at Paris, 1887-91. 
 Privy Councillor, 29 June 1888. Died 
 suddenly in Paris, 24 Nov. 1891. Buried 
 at Knebworth. 
 
 Works : ' Clytemnestra ' (under 
 pseud.: 'Owen Meredith'), 1855; 
 • The Wanderer ' (by ' Owen Mere- 
 dith '), 1859 ; * Lucile' (by ' Owen 
 Meredith'), 1860; 'Tannhauser' 
 (with Julian Fane ; under pseud, of 
 'Neville Temple and Edward Trevor'), 
 1861; 'Serbski Pesme' (by 'Owen 
 Meredith'), 1861; 'The Ring of 
 Amasis ' (by ' Owen Meredith '), 1863 ; 
 ' The Poetical Works of Owen Mere- 
 dith ' (2 vols.), 1867; 'Chronicles 
 and Characters,' 1868 [1867] ; * Orval,' 
 1869; 'Julian Fane,' 1871; 'Fables 
 in Song,' 1874; 'Life, Letters, and 
 Literary Remains of his father,' 1883 ; 
 ' Glenaveril,' 1885 ; 'After Paradise,' 
 1887. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Marah,* ed. by Lady 
 Lytton, 1892 ; ' King Poppy,' 1892 
 (priv. ptd., 1875). 
 
 He translated : Edler's ' Baldine,' 
 1886. 
 
 MACAULAY (Thomas Babington) 
 Baron Macaulay, 1800-1869. Born, 
 at Rothley Temple, Leicestershire, 25 
 Oct. 1800. Early education at a 
 day-school at Olapham ; at school at 
 Little Shelf ord, near Cambridge, and 
 afterwards at Aspenden Hall, Hert?., 
 1812-18. Matric, Trin. Coll., Camb., 
 Oct. 1818 ; English Prize Poem, 1819 
 and 1821 ; Craven Scholarship, 1821 ; 
 B.A., 1822 ; Fellow of Trin. Coll., 
 Oct. 1824 to 1831 ; M.A., 1825. 
 Student of Lincoln's Inn ; called to 
 Bar, 1826. Contrib. to periodicals 
 from 1823. Commissioner in Bank- 
 ruptcy, Jan. 1828. M. P. for Calne, Feb. 
 1830. Commissioner of Board of 
 Control, June 1832 ; Sec. to Board, 
 Dec. 1832. M.P. for Leeds, Dec. 
 1832. In India, as Mem. of Supreme 
 Council, 1834-38. M.P.forEdinburgh, 
 1839 ; re-elected, 1841 and 1846. Sec. 
 for War, 1839-41 Paymaster General, 
 
 1846-48. Defeated at Edinburgh. 
 1847 ; withdrew from political life- 
 Lord Rector, Glasgow Univ., Nov. 
 1849. F.R.S., Nov. 1849. Prof, of 
 Ancient Hist., Royal Acad., 1850. 
 Fellow of Univ. of London, 1850-59. 
 Trustee of British Museum, 1847. 
 Re-elected M.P. for Edinburgh, 
 July 1852. Mem. of Institute of 
 France, 1853. Knight of Prussian 
 Order of Merit, 1853. Hon. D.C.L., 
 Oxford, June 1854. Pres. of Philoso- 
 phical Inst., Edinburgh, 1854. Mem- 
 ber of Academies of Utrecht, Munich, 
 and Turin. Created Baron Macaulay, 
 10 Sept. 1857. High Steward of Borough 
 of Cambridge, 1857. Died, in London, 
 28 Dec. 1859. Buried in Westminster 
 Abbey. 
 
 Works: 'Pompeii' [1819]; 'Even- 
 ing' [1821]; 'Critical and Miscel- 
 laneous Essays ' (Philadelphia, 5 vols.), 
 1841-44 ; ' Lays of Ancient Rome,' 
 1842 ; ' Critical and Historical Essays ' 
 (from • Edinburgh Rev.'), 1843 ; ' His- 
 tory of England,' vols, i., ii., 1849 ; 
 vols. iii.,iv., 1855; vol, v. {posthumous), 
 ed. by Lady Trevelyan, 1861 ; ' Inau- 
 gural Address' [at Glasgow], 1849; 
 •Speeches' (2 vols.), 1853 (edn. 
 ' corrected by himself,' 1854). 
 
 Posthumous : * Biographies con- 
 tributed to the Encyclopoedia Britan- 
 nica,' 1860 ; 'Miscellaneous Writings,' 
 ed. by T. F. Ellis, 1860 ; vol. v. of 
 ' History of England' (see above), 1861. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by Lady 
 Trevelyan (8 vols.), 1866. 
 
 Life : by Sir G. O. Trevelyan, 1876. 
 
 MCCARTHY (Justin), b. 1830. 
 Born, in Cork, 22 Nov. 1830. Edu- 
 cated at a school in Cork. Journalist 
 in Cork, 1848-52. On staff of ' Nor- 
 thern Daily Times,' 1853-59. Mar- 
 ried Charlotte Allman, 27 March 
 1855. Parliamentary Reporter to 
 'Morning Star,' 1860 ; Foreign Editor, 
 1861 ; Editor, 1864-68. Travelled in 
 U. S. A., 1868-71. Frequent con- 
 tributor to periodicals. M.P., Co. 
 Longford, April 1879 to Nov. 1885 ; 
 for N. Longford, 1885-86. Defeated 
 at Londonderry, 1886, but gained 
 seat on petition ; retained seat till 
 
MACDONALD— MACKENZIE 
 
 179 
 
 1892. Re-elected M.P. for N. Long- 
 ford, July, 1892. Lectured in America, 
 1869-70, 1870-71, 1886-87. On staff 
 of ' Daily News ' since 1870. Chair- 
 man of Irish Parliamentary Party, 
 Nov. 1890 to Jan. 1896. 
 
 Works: 'Paul Massie' (anon.), 
 1866 ; ' The Waterdale Neighbours ' 
 (anon.), 1867 ; ' Con Amore,' 1868 ; 
 • My Enemy's Daughter,' 1869 ; 
 *Lady Judith,' 1871 ; 'Modem Lead- 
 ers,' 1872 ; * Prohibitory Legislation 
 in the United States' (from 'Fort- 
 nightly Rev.'), 1872 ; * A Fair Saxon,' 
 1873 ; ' Linley Rochford,' 1874 ; ' Dear 
 Lady Disdain,' 1875 ; ' Miss Mis- 
 anthrope,' 1878 ; ' History of Our 
 Own Times ' vols. i.-iv., 1879-80 (ex- 
 panded edn., 1882) ; vol. v., 1897 ; 
 •Donna Quixote,' 1879 ; ' The Comet 
 of a Season,' 1881 ; 'The Epoch of 
 Reform,' 1882; 'Maid of Athens,' 
 1883 ; ' History of the Four Georges,' 
 1884, etc. ; ' The Right Honourable ' 
 (vidth Mrs. Campbell-Praed), 1886 ; 
 ' The Rebel Rose ' (anon. ; with Mrs. 
 Campbell-Praed), 1887 (second edn., 
 called the 'Rival Princess,' 1890); 'The 
 Ladies' Gallery ' (with Mrs. Camp- 
 bell-Praed), 1888 ; * Ireland's Cause 
 in England's Parliament,' 1888 ; 
 'Roland Oliver' [1889] ; 'The Grey 
 River' (with Mrs. Campbell-Praed 
 and M. Mempes), 1889 ; ' Charing 
 Cross to St. Paul's,' 1891 [1890] ; 'Sir 
 Robert Peel,' 1891 ; 'The Dictator,' 
 1893; 'Pope Leo XIIL,' 1896; 'The 
 Riddle Ring,' 1896; 'The "Daily 
 News" Jubilee' (with Sir J. R. 
 Robinson), 1896. 
 
 He has edited: W. White's ' Inner 
 Life of the House of Commons,' 1897. 
 
 MACDONALD (George), b. 1824. 
 Born, at Huntley, Aberdeenshire, 
 1824. Educated at King's Coll., 
 Aberdeen ; and Aberdeen University. 
 Studied for ministry, at Independent 
 Coll., Highbury ; and acted for a time 
 as Independent Minister. Removed 
 to London and adopted literary career. 
 Edited ' Good Words for the Young ' 
 1870-72. Civil List Pension, 1877. Of 
 late years has resided chiefly in Italy. 
 
 Works : ' Poems and Essays ' (anon.), 
 
 1851 ; 'Within and Without,' 1856 ; 
 'Poems,' 1857; *Phantaste8,' 1858; 
 'David Elginbrod,' 1863; ' Adela 
 Cathcart,'1864; 'The Portent,' 1864; 
 'Alex Forbes of Howglen,' 1865; 
 ' 'ETTca 'ATrrepa : Unspoken Sermons ' 
 (3 series), 1867-89; 'Annals of a 
 Quiet Neighbourhood,' 1867 [1866] ; 
 'Dealings with the Fairies,' 1867 ; 
 ' The Disciple ' [1867] ; ' Guild Court,' 
 1868 [1867]; 'England's Antiphon/ 
 1868 ; * The Seaboard Parish,' 1868 ; 
 'Robert Falconer,' 1868; 'The 
 Miracles of Our Lord,' 1870; 'Ran- 
 ald Bannerraan's Boyhood,' 1871 ; 
 ' At the Back of the North Wind,' 
 
 1871 ; ' The Princess and the Goblin,' 
 
 1872 [1871] ; ' Works of Fancy and 
 Imagination ' (10 vols.), 1871 ; ' Wil- 
 frid Cumbermede,' 1872 [1871] ; ' The 
 Vicar's Daughter,' 1872 ; ' Gutta 
 Percha Willie,' 1873; 'Malcolm,' 
 
 1875 ; ' The Wise Woman,' 1875 ; 
 'St. George and St. Michael,' 1876 
 [1875] ; 'Thomas Wingfield, Curate,' 
 
 1876 ; 'The Marquis of Lossie,' 1877; 
 
 ♦ Paul Faber, Surgeon,' 1879 [1878] ; 
 'Sir Gibbie,' 1879; 'A Book of 
 Strife,' 1880 ; 'Mary Marston,' 1881; 
 'The Gifts of the Child Christ' (2 
 vols.), 1882 ; 'Castle Warlock,' 1882; 
 'Orts,' 1882; 'Weighed and Want- 
 ing,' 1882; 'The Princess and Cur- 
 die,' 1883 [1882]; 'Donal Grant,' 
 1883 ; ' The Imagination, and other 
 essays ' (Boston), 1883 ; * What's 
 Mine's Mine,' 1886 ; 'Home Again,' 
 1887 ; ♦ The Elect Lady,' 1888 ; 'Cross 
 Purposes ' [1890] ; ' The Light Prin- 
 cess ' [1890]; 'A Rough Shaking,' 
 1891 [1890] ; 'There and Back,' 1891; 
 'The Flight of the Shadow,' 1891 ; 
 'The Hope of the Gospel,' 1892; 
 
 * Heather and Snow,' 1893 ; ' Poetical 
 Works' (2 vols.), 1893; 'Lilith,' 1895; 
 'The Lost Princess,' 1895; 'Salted 
 with Fire,' 1897. 
 
 He has edited: Shakespeare's 
 ' Hamlet,' 1885 ; Sir Philip Sidney's 
 ' Cabinet of Gems,' 1892. 
 
 MACKENZIE (Henry), 1745-1831. 
 
 Born, in Edinburgh, Aug. 1745. 
 
 Educated at Edinburgh High School, 
 
 and at Edinburgh Univ. Articled to 
 
 12-2 
 
180 
 
 MACKINTOSH— MACKLIN 
 
 Solicitor in Edinburgh. To London, 
 1765. Returned to Edinburgh. Ap- 
 pointed Attorney for the Crown. 
 Play, 'The Prince of Tunis,' pro- 
 duced at Edinburgh Theatre, 1773 ; 
 • The Shipwreck ' (adapted from Lil- 
 lo's * Fatal Curiosity'), Covent Garden, 
 10 Feb. 1783 ; • The Force of Fashion,' 
 1789 j « The White Hypocrite,' 1789. 
 Married Penuel Grant, 1776. Edited 
 *The Mirror,' Jan. 1779 to May 1780. 
 Edited 'The Lounger,' Feb. 1785 to 
 Jan. 1787. Contrib. to 'Edinburgh 
 Herald,' 1790-93. Comptroller of 
 Taxes for Scotland, 1804-31. Died, 
 in Edinburgh, 14 Jan. 1831. 
 
 Works: 'The Man of Feeling' 
 (anon.), 1771 ; ' The Pursuits of 
 Happiness ' (anon.), 1771 ; ' The Man 
 of the World' (anon.), 1773; 'The 
 Prince of Tunis ' (anon.), 1773 ; 
 'Julia de Roubign^' (anon.), 1777; 
 ' The Shipwreck ' (altered from LiUo), 
 1784 ; 'Review of the Principal Pro- 
 ceedings of the Parliament of 1784 ' 
 (anon. ), 1785 [?] ; ' The Lounger ' 
 (anon.), 1787; 'Letters of Brutus' 
 (anon.), 1791 ; 'Additional Letters of 
 Brutus' [1793]; 'Life of Thomas 
 Paine' (anon. ; abridged from Chal- 
 mers), 1793 ; ' Works ' (collected, 3 
 vols. ; probably surreptitiously pub- 
 lished), 1807; 'Works' (8 vols.), 
 1808 ; ' Miscellaneous Works ' (3 
 vols.), 1819; 'Virginia' (anon.), 
 [1820] ; ' Account of the Life and 
 Writings of John Home,' 1822. 
 
 MACKINTOSH {Sir James), 1766- 
 1832. Born, at Aldourie, Loch Ness, 
 24 Oct. 1765. At school at Fortrose, 
 1775-80 ; at King's Coll., Aberdeen, 
 Oct. 1780 to Oct. 1784. To Edin- 
 burgh, to study Medicine. To Lon- 
 don, 1788. Married Catherine Stuart, 
 18 Feb. 1789. Visit to Brussels, 
 1790. Contrib. to 'The Oracle,' 1790; 
 to 'Monthly Review,' 1795-96. Called 
 to Bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1795. Wife 
 died, 8 April 1797. Married Cather- 
 ine Allen, 10 April 1798. Lectured 
 on Philosophy at Lincoln's Inn, 1799 
 and 1800. Appointed Recorder of 
 Bombay, 1803. Knighted, same year. 
 Arrived in Bombay, May 1804. 
 
 Founded Literary Society of Bom- 
 bay, 1805. Judge in Vice-Admiralty 
 Court, Bombay, 1806. Returned to 
 England, owing to ill-health, April 
 1812. M.P. for Nairn, 1813-19. Lived 
 near Aylesbury, 1813-18. Prof, of Law 
 and General Politics at Haileybury 
 College, Feb. 1818 to 1824. Settled 
 at Mardocks, near Ware. M.P. for 
 Knaresborough, 1819-32. C'.mtrib. 
 ' History of England,* vols, i.-iii., and 
 ' Life of Sir Thomas More ' to ' Cabi- 
 net Cyclopaedia,' 1830 ; 'Ethical Phi- 
 losophy' to 'Encyclopaedia Britan- 
 nica,' 1830. Commissioner of Board 
 of Control, Nov. 1831. Died, in 
 London, 30 May 1832. Buried at 
 Hampstead. 
 
 Works: 'Disputatio , . . de Ac- 
 tione Musculari,' 1787 ; ' Vindiciae 
 Gallicae,' 1791 ; ' Discourse on the 
 Study of the Law of Nature and 
 Nations,' 1799; 'Speech in defence 
 of Peltier,' 1803 ; ' Plan of a Com- 
 parative Vocabulary of Indian Lan- 
 guages,' 1806 ; ' Speech ... on the 
 Bill for disfranchising the Borough of 
 East Retford,' 1828 ; ' Dissertation on 
 the Progress of Ethical Philosophy' 
 (priv. ptd.), 1830 ; ' Speech ... on 
 the . . . Bill to amend the Repre- 
 sentation of the People,' 1831. 
 
 Posthumous : ' History of the Revo- 
 lution in England in 1688,' 1834 ; 
 'Tracts and Speeches' (priv. ptd.), 
 1840. 
 
 He edited : Rev. R. Hall's 'Works,' 
 1832, etc. 
 
 Collected Works: in 3 vols., 1846. 
 Life : by R. J. Mackintosh, 1836. 
 
 MACKLIN (Charles), 1699 [?]-1797. 
 Born, in Ireland, 1699 [?]. Name 
 originally McLaughlin, but form 
 ' Macklin ' eventually adopted. At 
 school near Dublin. Ran away from 
 home. Perhaps served in a public- 
 house in London, and at Trin. Coll., 
 Dublin, as servant. Joined strolling 
 company of actors in Bristol. Acted in 
 London, 1725-48. Married (i.) Grace 
 Purvor [or, Mrs. Ann Grace ?], 1735 [?]. 
 Play, 'King Henry VII.,' produced 
 at Drury Lane, 18 Jan. 1746; 'A 
 Will and no Will,' 23 April 1746 ; 
 
MACPHERSON— MAHAFFY 
 
 181 
 
 ' The Suspicious Husband Criticised,' 
 Drury Lane, 24 March 1747 ; ' The 
 Fortune Hunters,' 1748. Acted in 
 Dublin, 1748-50 ; in London, 1750-53. 
 Play, ' Covent Garden Theatre,' pro- 
 duced at Covent Garden, 8 April 
 1752. Retired from stage, 1753. 
 Kept a tavern In Covent Garden, 
 March 1754 to Jan. 1758. Wife died, 
 1758 [?]. Reappeared on stage, at 
 Drury Lane, 12 Dec. 1759, in his 
 ' Love ^ la Mode.' Acted in London, 
 1759-63. Married (ii.) Elizabeth Jones, 
 
 10 Sept. 1759. 'The Married Liber- 
 tine ' produced, Covent Garden, 28 
 Jan. 1761. In Dublin, 1761-63. 
 ' The True-Born Irishman * produced 
 at Smock Alley Theatre, Dublin, 
 1763 (at Covent Garden, as 'The 
 Irish Fine Lady,' 28 Nov. 1767) ; 
 'The True-Born Scotchman,' Crow 
 Street Theatre, Dublin, 7 Feb. 1766 
 (at Covent Garden, as ' The Man of 
 the World,' 10 May 1781). Acted in 
 London, 1772-89. Died in London, 
 
 11 July 1797. Buried in St. Paul's, 
 Covent Garden. 
 
 Works : ' Mr. Macklin's Reply to 
 Mr. Garrick's Answer,' 1743 ; 'The 
 Genuine Arguments of the Council,' 
 etc. (anon. ; attrib. toMacklin), 1774; 
 ' Love k la Mode,' 1784 ; 'The Man 
 of the World ' (under initials : CM.), 
 1786. 
 . Life : by E. A. Parry, 1891. 
 
 MACPHEESOU (James), 1736-1798. 
 Born, at Kingussie, Invernesshire, 27 
 Oct. 1736. Early education at parish 
 school. Matric, King's Coll., Aber- 
 deen, Feb. 1753. To Marischal Coll., 
 1755. Probably studied at Edin- 
 burgh Univ., winter of 1755-56. 
 After leaving Edinburgh, was master 
 in school at Ruthven ; and afterwards 
 private tutor. Contrib. to 'Scots 
 Mag.,' 1758. Friendship with Home 
 and Dr. Carlyle, who encouraged him 
 in publication of translations of Gaelic 
 poems. Travelled in Highlands, 1760, 
 collecting material. To London, 1761. 
 Sec. to Governor of Pensacola, West 
 Florida, 1764. Returned to England. 
 1766. Employed by Government t< 
 write on political questions. Ageiit 
 
 to Nabob of Arcot, 1780. M.P. for 
 Camelford, 1780-96. Died, at Bade- 
 noch, Invernesshire, 17 Feb. 1796. 
 Buried in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works : ' The Highlander ' (anon.), 
 1758 ; 'Fragments of Ancient Poetry, 
 collected in the Highlands ' (anon. ), 
 1760 ; Ossian's * Fingal,' translated 
 from the Gaelic, 1762 ; Ossian's ' Te- 
 mora,' translated, 1763 ; ' Introduc- 
 tion to the History of Great Britain 
 and Ireland,' 1771 ; translation of 
 Homer's 'Iliad,' 1773 ; 'A History of 
 Great Britain, from the Restoration 
 to the Accession of the House of Han- 
 over' (2 vols.), 1775; 'Original Papers, 
 containing the Secret History of Great 
 Britain' (2 vols.), 1775 ; 'The Rights 
 of Great Britain asserted against the 
 claims of America ' (anon. ), 1776 ; 
 * A Short History of the Opposition 
 during the last Session ' (anon.), 1779; 
 'The History and Management of 
 the East India Company ' (anon. ), 
 1779. 
 
 He edited : * Letters from Ma- 
 hommed Ali Chang, Nabob of Arcot, 
 to the Court of Directors,' 1779. 
 
 Collected Works: 'Poetical Works,' 
 1802. 
 
 Life: by T. B. Saunders, 1894. 
 
 MAHAFFY (John Pentland), b. 
 1839. Born, at Chapponnaire, Lako 
 of Geneva, 26 Feb. 1839. In Ger- 
 many till 1850. Matric, Trin. Coll., 
 Dublin, June 1857 ; Scholar, 1858 ; 
 B.A., 1860; M.A., 1863; Fellow, 
 1864 ; Precentor of Chapel, 1867 ; 
 Lecturer in Ancient History, 1869 ; 
 Prof, of Ancient History, 1871 ; Don- 
 nellan Lecturer, 1873 ; B.D. and 
 D.D., 1886 ; Hon. Mus. Doc, 1891. 
 Ordained Deacon, 1864; Priest, 1866. 
 Gold Cross of Greek Order of 
 Saviour, 1877. Chaplain to Lord- 
 Lieut, of Ireland, 1880. Hon. Fellow 
 Queen's Coll., Oxford, 1882. J.P. 
 for Co. Dublin, 1889. Governor of 
 Irish National Gallery, 1889. Hon. 
 D.C.L., Oxford, 1892. Hon. Mem. 
 of Parnassus of Athens, 1895. Corresp. 
 Mem. of Academy of Vienna, 1896. 
 
 Works : 'Twelve Lectures on Primi- 
 tive Civilization,' 1868 ; ' Prolego* 
 
182 
 
 MAINE— MAITLAND 
 
 mena to Ancient History,' 1871 ; 
 ' Kant's Critical Philosophy for Eng- 
 lish Readers,' vols, i.-iii., 1872-74 ; 
 complete edn. (with J. H. Bernard ; 
 2 vols.), 1889 ; 'Social Life in Greece,' 
 1874; 'Old Greek Life,' 1876; 
 ' Rambles and Studies in Greece,' 
 1876 ; • The Attic Orators . . . Reply 
 to the "Remarks" of R. 0. Jebb,' 
 1876 ; * Euripides,' 1879 ; ' History of 
 Classical Greek Literature ' (2 vols.), 
 
 1880 ; 'Descartes,' 1880 ; 'Old Greek 
 Education,' 1881 ; * The Decay of 
 Modern Preaching,' 1882 ; ' Alex- 
 ander's Empire ' (with A. Gilman), 
 1887; 'Greek Life and Thought,' 
 1887; 'The Principles of the Art 
 of Conversation,' 1887 ; ' Sketches 
 from a Tour through Holland and 
 Germany,' 1889 [1888]; 'Greek 
 Pictures,' 1890; 'The Greek World 
 under Roman Sway,' 1890 ; 'On 
 the Flinders Petrie Papyri ' (2 vols.), 
 
 1891 ; * Problems in Greek History,' 
 
 1892 ; 'The Empire of the Ptolemies,* 
 1 895 ; ' Survey of Greek Civilization,' 
 1897. 
 
 He has translated : Fischer's * Com- 
 mentary on Kant's Critick,' 1866 ; 
 and edited : * Euripides' Hippolytus,' 
 
 1881 ; translation of Duruy's • History 
 ;)f Rome,' 1883-86 ; trans, of Duruy's 
 •Hist, of Greece,' 1892; 'Revenue 
 Laws of Ptolemy Philadelphus ' (with 
 B. Grenfell), 1896. 
 
 MAINE {Sir Henry James Samner), 
 1822 - 1888. Born, at Caversham 
 Grove, Oxon., 15 Aug. 1822. Early 
 Education at a school at Henley-on- 
 Thames. To Christ's Hospital, 1829. 
 To Pembroke Coll., Camb., as Exhi- 
 bitioner, 1840 ; Foundation Scholar, 
 1841 ; Chancellor's Medallist, 1842 
 and 1844; Browne Medallist, 1842 
 and 1843 ; Craven Scholar, 1843 ; 
 B.A., 1844; Tutor, Trinity Hall, 
 1844-47; M.A. and LL.D., 1847; 
 Regius Prof, of Civil Law, 1847-54. 
 Married Jane Maine, 21 Dec. 1847. 
 Student, Lincoln's Inn, 4 June, 1847 ; 
 called to Bar, 11 June, 1850. Con- 
 trib. to 'Morning Chronicle,' 1851. 
 Reader of Jurisprudence and Civil 
 Law to Inns of Court, 1852-62. Con- 
 
 trib. to 'Sat. Rev.,' 1855-61. Bar- 
 rister of Middle Temple, 4 Oct. 1862 ; 
 Bencher, 21 Nov. 1873. Legal Mem. 
 of Athenaeum Club, 1862. Mem. of 
 Council, Calcutta, 1862-69. Vice- 
 Chancellor of Calcutta Univ., 1863. 
 Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 21 June 1865. 
 Mem. of American Academy, 1866. 
 Corpus Prof, of Jurisprudence, Oxford, 
 1869-78; incorporated Fellow of Corpus 
 Christi Coll., 26 Feb. 1870. K.C.S.L, 
 20 May 1871. Mem. of Council of 
 Sec. of State for India, Nov. 1871 to 
 1888. Fellow of London Univ., and 
 Mem. of Senate, 1871-88. Lectured 
 at Manchester, 1873. F.R.S., 4 June 
 
 1874. Rede Lecturer, Camb., Jan. 
 
 1875. Mem. of Dutch Institute, 
 1876 ; of Accad. dei Lincei, 1877. 
 Master of Trinity Hall, Camb., 
 1877-88. Mem. of Madrid Academy, 
 1878. Corresp. Mem. of Acad, des 
 Sciences Morales, Dec. 1881 ; Foreign 
 Member, 1883. Hon. Fellow Corpus 
 Christi Coll., Oxford, 1882. Mem. of 
 Royal Irish Academy, 1882 ; of Wash- 
 ington Anthropological Soc, 1883 ; 
 of Moscow Juridical Soc, 1884. 
 Whewell Prof, of International Law, 
 Camb., 1887-88. Hon. Fellow Pem- 
 broke Coll., Camb., 1887-88. Died, 
 at Cannes, 3 Feb. 1888. 
 
 Works : 'Memoir of H. F. Hallam' 
 (under initials: H. S. M.), [1851]; 
 ' Ancient Law,' 1861 ; ' Village Com- 
 munities,' 1871 (3rd edn., with large 
 additions), 1876 ; 'The Early History 
 of the Property of Married Women,' 
 1873 ; 'The Effects of Observation of 
 India on modern European thought,' 
 1875 ; ' Lectures on the Early 
 History of Institutions,' 1875 ; ' Dis- 
 sertations on Early Law and Cus- 
 tom,' 1883; 'Popular Government,' 
 1885 ; 'The Whewell Lectures: In- 
 ternational Law,' 1888. 
 
 Life : ' Life and Speeches,' by Sir 
 M. E. Grant Dulf, 1892. 
 
 MAITLAND (Samuel Koffey), 1792- 
 1866. Born, in London, 7 Jan. 1792. 
 Educated at private schools till 1807 ; 
 afterwards privately. To St. John's 
 Coll., Camb., Oct. 1809 ; migrated to 
 Trinity Coll., 1810. Left Cambridge, 
 
MALLOCK 
 
 183 
 
 1811 ; took no degree. At home, 
 1811-15. Keturned to Cambridge, to 
 keep terms necessary for Bar, 1815. 
 Called to Bar, at Inner Temple, 
 
 1816. Married Selina Stephenson, 
 19 Nov. 1816. Kemoved to Taunton, 
 
 1817. Ordained Curate of St. Ed- 
 mund's, Norwich, 27 June 1821. 
 Perpetual Curate of Christ Church, 
 Gloucester, May 1823 to 1827. 
 Travelled on Continent, investigating 
 missionary work among Jews, 1828. 
 Contrib. to 'British Mag.' from 1835 ; 
 Editor, 1839-49. Librarian and 
 Keeper of MSS., Lambeth Palace, 
 1838-48. RR.S., 18 April 1839. 
 D.D.,1 Feb. 1848. Remainder of life, 
 from 1849, spent in retirement at 
 Gloucester. Died there, 19 Jan. 1866. 
 
 Works : ' A Dissertation on the 
 Primary Objects of Idolatrous Wor- 
 ship' (anon.), 1817; 'An Enquiry 
 into the Grounds on which the Pro- 
 phetic Period of Daniel and St. John 
 has been supposed to consist of 1260 
 years,' 1826 ; * Letter to the Rev. C 
 Simeon,' 1828 (2nd edn. same year) ; 
 ♦ A Second Enquiry, etc.,' 1829 ; 'The 
 1260 Days, in reply to a Review, etc.,' 
 1830 ; 'An Attempt to elucidate the 
 Prophecies concerning Antichrist,' 
 1830 ; * Letter to the Rev. W. Digby,' 
 1831 ; * Eruvin ' (anon. ), 1831 ; ' Facts 
 and Documents Illustrative of . . . 
 the Ancient Albigenses and Wal- 
 denses,' 1832; 'The Voluntary Sys- 
 tem ' (anon. ; from * Gloucestershire 
 Chronicle'), 1834; 'The 1260 Days, 
 in reply to . . . W. Cunningham,' 
 1834; ' The Translation of Bishops,' 
 1834; 'Letter to the Rev. H. J. 
 Rose,' 1834 ; 'A Second Letter' [to 
 the same], 1835 ; ' Letter to the Rev. 
 J. King,* 1835 ; ' Remarks on . . . 
 Rev. J. King's Pamphlet,' 1836 ; ' A 
 Review of Fox the Martyrologist's 
 "History of the Waldenses,'" 1837 ; 
 'Six Letters on Fox's "Acts and 
 Monuments'" (from 'British Mag.'), 
 1837 ; 'Remarks on the . . . Com- 
 mittee of the Gloucester and Bristol 
 Diocesan Church Building Associa- 
 tion,' 1837 ; ' Letter to the Rev. W. 
 H. Mill,' 1839 ; ' A Letter to a 
 friend on the " Tract for the Times, 
 
 No. 89," ' 1841 ; ' Notes on the Con- 
 (ributions of Rev. E. Townsend to 
 the new edn. of Fox's "Martyr- 
 ology " ' (3 pts.), 1841-42 ; ' The Owl ' 
 (priv. ptd.), 1842 ; *A List of some 
 of the Early Printed Books ... at 
 Lambeth' (priv. ptd.), 1843; 'The 
 Dark Ages' (from 'British Mag.'), 
 1844 ; An Index of English Books 
 printed before 1600 in Lambeth 
 Library, 1845 ; ' Remarks on the first 
 vol. of Strype's " Life of Archbishop 
 Cranmer " ' (from * British Mag.'), 
 1848 ; ' Ecclesiastical History Society' 
 (from ♦ British Mag.'), 1849 ; ' Essays 
 on Subjects connected with the Re- 
 formation in England ' (from ' British 
 Mag.'), 1849 ; 'Illustrations and En- 
 quiries relating to Mesmerism,' 1849 ; 
 ' A Plan of a Church History Society,' 
 1850 ; ' Eight Essays,' 1852 ; ' Re- 
 marks ' [on Bishop of Oxford's Con- 
 vocation Charge], 1855 ; ' Superstition 
 and Science,' 1855 ; ' False Worship,' 
 1856 ; ' Chatterton,' 1857 ; 'Notes on 
 Strype ' [1858]. 
 
 He translated : Saint Bernard's 
 'Holy War,' 1827 ; and edited : 'A 
 Supplication for Toleration addressed 
 to King James I.,' 1859. 
 
 MALLOCK (William Hurrell), b. 
 1849. Born, in Devonshire, 1849. 
 Privately educated. Matric. Balliol 
 Coll., Oxford, 25 April 1870. Newdi- 
 gate Prize, 1871. Left Oxford, 1876. 
 Has spent many years abroad. 
 
 Works: 'The Isthmus of Suez,' 
 1871 ; • Every Man his Own Poet ' 
 (anon.), 1872 ; ' The New Republic' 
 (anon.), 1877; 'The New Paul and 
 Virginia,' 1878; 'Lucretius,' 1878; 
 •Is Life Worth Living ?',1879 ; 'Poems,' 
 1880 ; ' A Romance of the Nineteenth 
 Century,' 1881 ; ' Social Equality,' 
 1882 ; ' Property and Progress * (from 
 ' Quarterly Rev.'), 1884 ; ' The Land- 
 lords and the National Income,' 1884; 
 * Atheism and the Value of Life,' 
 1884 ; ' The Old Order Changes ' 
 (from 'Nat. Rev.'), 1886 ; 'In an En- 
 chanted Island,' 1889; 'A Human 
 Document,' 1892 ; ' Labour and the 
 Popular Welfare,' 1893 ; ' Verses,' 
 1893 ; ' Studies of Contemporary 
 
184 
 
 MALONE-MALTH US 
 
 Superstition,' 1895 ; ' The Heart of 
 Life,' 1895; 'Classes and Masses,' 
 1896. 
 
 He has edited : * Letters and Re- 
 mains ' of the 12th Duke of Somerset, 
 1893. 
 
 MALONE (Edmund), 1741-1812. 
 Born, in Dublin, 4 Oct. 1741. Early 
 education at private school in Dublin. 
 To Trin. Coll., Dublin, 1756 ; scholar, 
 1760; B.A., 1762. To England, 
 1759. Student of Inner Temple, 
 1763. Friendship with Dr. Johnson 
 begun, 1765. Travelled in France, 
 1766-67. Called to Irish Bar at 
 King's Inns, 1767. Contrib. to Irish 
 periodicals. Settled in London, May 
 1777. Resided there till his death. 
 Mem. of Literary Club, 1782. Friend- 
 ship with Boswell begun, 1785 ; 
 assisted him in preparing 'Life of 
 Johnson' for press. Engaged in 
 Shakespearean criticism. Hon. D.C.L., 
 Oxford, 5 July 1793. Hon. LL.D., 
 Dublin, 1801. Unmarried. Died, in 
 London, 25 May 1812. Buried in 
 Kilbixy Churchyard. 
 
 Works: 'Attempt to ascertain 
 the order in which the Plays of 
 Shakespeare were written,' 1778 ; 
 •Supplement to Johnson's edn. of 
 Shakespeare' (anon.), 1780 ; * Cursory 
 Observations on the Poems attributed 
 to Thomas Rowley' (anon.), 1782; 
 * A Second Appendix to Mr. Malone's 
 Supplement,' 1783 ; * A Dissertation 
 on the three parts of "King Henry 
 VI.," ' 1787. 'Letter to the Rev. R. 
 Farmer,' 1792 ; ' An Enquiry into 
 the Authenticity of certain papers' 
 [the Ireland Forgeries], 1796: 'An 
 Account of the incidents from which 
 the title and part of the story of 
 Shakespeare's Tempest were derived ' 
 (priv. ptd.), 1808. 'Biographical 
 Memoir of W, Windham' (anon.), 
 1810. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Correspondence . . . 
 with the Rev. J. Davenport,' ed. by 
 J. O. Halliwell, 1864 ; ' Original 
 Letters ... to J. Jordan,' cd. by J. O. 
 HalUwell, 1864. 
 
 He edited : ' The Tragicall Hystory 
 of Romeus and Juliet,' 1780 ; Gold- 
 
 smith's Works, 1780 ; Shakespeare's 
 Works (11 vols.), 1790 ; Sir Joshua 
 Reynolds' 'Writings,' 1797 ; Dryden's 
 Works (4 vols.), 1800 ; the 1807 edn. 
 of Boswell's ' Life of Johnson ' ; 
 Hamilton's 'Parliamentary Logick,' 
 1808. 
 
 Life : by Sir James Prior, 1864. 
 
 MALOEY {Sir Thomas) Jl. 1470. 
 Perhaps born in Wales. No details 
 of life known. 
 
 Works: 'LeMorte Arthur'; printed 
 by Caxton, 1485 (only two copies 
 known) ; reprinted by Wynkyn de 
 Worde, 1498 (only one copy known) 
 and 1529 (only one copy known) ; 
 ed. by O. Sommer, 1889. 
 
 MALTHUS (Thomas Robert), 1766- 
 1834. Born, near Guildford, 17 Feb. 
 1766. Educated privately. To Jesus 
 Coll., Camb., as Pensioner, 8 June 
 1784; B.A., 1788; M.A., 1791; 
 Fellow, 10 June 1793 to March 1804. 
 Ordained Curate of Albury, Surrey, 
 1795 [?]. Travelled in Northern 
 Europe, 1799 ; in France and Switzer- 
 land, 1802. Married Harriet Eckersall, 
 13 March 1804. Prof, of Hist, and 
 Polit. Econ. atHaileybury CoU., 1805 ; 
 lived there till his death. Visit to 
 Ireland, 1817. F.R.S., 1819. Asso- 
 ciate of Royal Soc. of Literature, 1824. 
 Travelled on Continent, 1825. Foreign 
 Associate of Academie des Sciences 
 morales et politiques, 1833. Mem. of 
 Royal Acad, of Berlin, 1833. Mem. 
 of Statistical Soc, 1834. Mem. of 
 French Institute. Died, suddenly, at 
 St. Catherine's, near Bath, 23 Dec. 
 1834. Buried in Bath Abbey Church. 
 
 Works : ' Essay on the Principle of 
 Population' (anon.), 1798; 'An In- 
 vestigation of the cause of the present 
 High Price of Provisions' (anon.), 
 1800 (2nd edn. same year) ; 'Letter to 
 Samuel Whitbread, Esq., M.P.,' 1807 ; 
 'Letter to . . . Lord Granville,' 1813 ; 
 'Observations on the EflFects of the 
 Corn Laws,' 1814 (2nd edn. same 
 yeai) ; ' Grounds of an Opinion on the 
 Policy of Restricting the Importation 
 of Foreign Corn,' 1815 ; * An Inquiry 
 into the Nature and Progress of Rent,' 
 
MANDEVILLE— MANSEL 
 
 185 
 
 1815 ; •Statements respecting the East 
 India College,' 1817; 'Principles of 
 Political Economy,' 1820 ; *The Mea- 
 sure of Value,' 1823; *0n the Measure 
 of the Conditions necessary to the 
 supply of Commodities,' 1825; 'On 
 the meaning . . . attached to the term 
 Value of Commodities,' 1827 ; 'Defini- 
 tions in Political Economy,' 1827 ; 
 'Summary View of the Principle of 
 Population,' 1830. 
 
 Life : ' Malthus and hia Work,' by 
 J. Bonar, 1885. 
 
 MANDEVILLE (Bernard de), 1670 
 n]-1733. Born, at Dordrecht, 1670 (?). 
 Educated at Erasmus School at 
 Rotterdam ; and at Rotterdam Univ. 
 M.D., Leyden, 1691. Settled in 
 London. Practised as physician there. 
 Died there, 21 Jan. 1733. 
 
 Works : ' De Medicina Oratio Scho- 
 lastica,' 1685 ; 'De Brutorum Opera- 
 tionibus,' 1689 ; ' De Chylosi Vitiata,' 
 1691 ; 'Some Fables' (anon.), 1703 ; 
 ' iEsop Dressed,' 1704 ; ' Typhon in 
 Verse,' 1704 ; ' The Grumbling Hive ' 
 (anon.), 1705 ; 'The Virgin Unmasked,' 
 1709; 'Treatise of hypochondriack 
 and hysterick Passions,' 1711; 'The 
 Fable of the Bees ' (anon.), 1714 ; 
 • The Mischiefs that ought justly to be 
 apprehended from a Whig Grovern- 
 ment' (anon.), 1714 ; 'Free Thoughts 
 on Religion ' (anon.), 1723 ; 'A Con- 
 ference about Whoring' (anon.), 1725; 
 'A Modest Defence of Publick Stews' 
 (under pseud. 'Phil-Porney '), 1725; 
 •An Enquiry into the Causes of the 
 frequent Executions at Tyburn,' 1725 ; 
 ' An Enquiry into the Origin of Honour ' 
 (anon.), 1732 ; ' A Letter to Dion ' 
 (anon.), 1732. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Zoologia Medicinalis 
 Hibernica,' published under Mande- 
 ville's name, really written by J. 
 Keogh, 1744 (a previous edn. ia 
 Keogh's name was published in 1739). 
 
 He translated: B. L. de Muralt's 
 'Divine Instinct,' 1751. 
 
 MANDEVILLE (Sir John), fl. 
 1350[?]. The name under which the 
 famous book of travels, composed about 
 1350, was written. The author is pos- 
 
 sibly identical with Jean de Eourgo^ne, 
 who died at Libge, Nov. 1372. Earliest 
 known MS. in French, 1371. First 
 printed : in Dutch, 1470[?] ; in German, 
 1475[?] ; in French, 1480 ; in Italian, 
 1480 ; in Latin, 1485[?] ; in English, 
 1499. 
 
 MANSEL (Henry Longueville), 
 1820-1871. Born, at Cosgrove, North- 
 amptonshire, 6 Oct 1820. At school 
 at East Farndon, 1828-30 ; at Mer- 
 chant Taylors' School, Sept. 1830 to 
 1839. Matric, St. John's Coll., Oxford, 
 as Scholar, 1 July 1839 ; Fellow, 1839- 
 55; B.A., 1843; M.A., 1847; Dean 
 of Arts, 1847 ; Tutor, 1850-64 ; B.D., 
 1852. Took private pupils at Oxford. 
 Ordained Deacon, Xmas 1844 ; Priest, 
 Xmas 1845. Member of Hebdomadal 
 Council, Oxford, Oct. 1854. Prelector 
 of Moral Philos., 1855-59. Married 
 Charlotte Augusta Taylor,. 16 Aug. 
 1855. Contrib. article 'Metaphysics' 
 to 'Encycl. Brit.,' 1857. Bampton 
 Lecturer, 1858. Waynflete Prof, of 
 Moral and Metaphysical Philosophy, 
 1859-67 ; Select Preacher, 1860-62, 
 1869-71. Professor Fellow of St. 
 John's Coll., 8 April 1864 to 1867; 
 Hon. Fellow, 1868-71. Examining 
 Chaplain to Bp. of Peterborough, 1864- 
 68. Visit to Italy, 1865. D.D., Oxford, 
 1867. Prof, of Ecclesiastical Hist., and 
 Canon of Christ Church, 1867-68. Dean 
 of St. Paul's, 1868-71. Hon. Canon 
 of Peterborough. Died, suddenly, at 
 Cosgrove, 31 July 1871. 
 
 WorTcs : ' The Demons of the Wind,' 
 1838 ; • On the Heads of Predicables,' 
 1847 ; 'Scenes from an unfinished 
 Drama entitled Phrontisterion ' (anon. ), 
 1850; 'Prolegomena Logica,' 1851; 
 ' The Limits of Demonstrative Science,* 
 
 1853 ; ' Man's Conception of Eternity,* 
 
 1854 ; 'Psychology the Test of Moral 
 and Metaphysical Philosophy,' 1855 ; 
 ' A Lecture on the Philosophy of 
 Kant,' 1856 ; 'The Limit of Religious 
 Thought' (Bampton Lectures), 1858 
 (2nd edn. same year) ; * Examination 
 of the Rev. F. D. Maurice's Strictures' 
 [on the preceding], 1859; 'Meta- 
 physics' (from 'Encycl. Brit.'), 1860 ; 
 'Letter to Prof. Goldwin Smith,' 1861 ; 
 
188 
 
 MARLOWE— MARSTON 
 
 *A Second Letter' [to the same], 
 1862; 'The Spirit a Divine Person,' 
 1863 ; 'The Witness of the Church,' 
 1864; 'The Philosophy of the Con- 
 ditioned' (from 'Contemp. Rev.*), 1866 ; 
 ' Two Sermons preached in Peter- 
 borouofh Cathedral' (by Mansel and 
 S. Gedge), 1868. 
 
 Posthumous: ' Letters, Lectures and 
 Reviews,' ed. by H. W. Chandler, 
 1873 ; • The Gnostic Heresies of the 
 First and Second Centuries,' ed. by 
 J. B. Lightfoot, 1875. 
 
 He edited : Aldrich's 'Artis Logicae 
 Rudimenta,' 1852 ; Hamilton's Lec- 
 tures (with J. Veitch), 1859. 
 
 Life : by Lord Carnarvon, in edn. 
 of * The Gnostic Heresies,' 1875. 
 
 MAELOWE (Christoplier), 1664- 
 1593. Born, at Canterbury, Feb.[?] 
 1664 ; baptized, 26 Feb. Educated at 
 King's School, Canterbury. Matric. 
 Corpus Christi Coll., Camb., 17 March 
 1581 ; B.A., 1583 ; M.A., 1587. 
 Probably settled in London soon after- 
 wards. Warrant for his arrest, on 
 ground of heretical views expressed in 
 his writings, issued 18 May 1593. 
 Killed, in a tavern quarrel at Deptf ord, 
 1 June 1593. 
 
 Works : ' Tamburlaine the Great ' 
 (anon.), 1590. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Edward II.,' Cassel, 
 1594 (only one copy known ; another 
 edn., London, 1598); 'The Tragedy 
 of Dido' (with T. Nash), 1594 ; 'Hero 
 and Leander,' 1598 ; ' The Tragical 
 Hi<^to^y of . . . Dr. Faustus,' 1601[?], 
 (earliest copy extant, 1604) ; * The 
 Massacre at Paris' [1600]; 'The 
 Famous Tragedy of the Rich Jew of 
 Malta,' 1633; 'Lust's Dominion,' 
 1657 ; * A Most Excellent Ditty of the 
 Lover's promises to his beloved ' 
 [1650 ?]. 
 
 He translated: Ovid's 'Amores,' 
 1590[?] and 1598[?] ; ' Lucan's First 
 Booke,' 1600. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by G. Robin- 
 eon, 3 vols., 1826 ; ed. by A. Dyce, 
 3 vols., 1850 ; ed. by A. H. Bullen, 
 3 vols., 1885. 
 
 MABRYAT (Frederick), 1792-1848. 
 Born, in Westminster, 10 July 1792. 
 
 Edu. atsd at private schools. Entered 
 Navy, Sept. 1806. At sea, 1806-15 ; 
 Lieut., Dec. 1812 ; Commander, June 
 1815. Royal Humane Society's Medal 
 for saving life, 1818. Married Cathe- 
 rine Shairp, J,>n. 1819. F.R.S., 
 1819. At sea, 1820-26. Post-Captain, 
 1826. C.B., 26 Dec. 1826. At sea, 
 1828-30. Resigned command, 1830. 
 Equerry to Duke of Sussex, 1830. 
 Edited 'Metropolitan Mag.,' 1832-35. 
 French Legion of Honour, 1833. On 
 Continent, mainly at Brussels, 1836. 
 In America, 1837-38. In London, 
 1839-43. At Langham, Norfolk, 1843- 
 48. Died there, 9 Aug. 1848. 
 
 Works : ' Suggestions for the Aboli- 
 tion of . . . Impressment,' 1822 ; 'The 
 Naval Officer' (anon.), 1829; 'The 
 King's Own' (anon.), 1830 ; 'Newton 
 Forster' (anon. ; from 'Met. Mag.'), 
 1832 ; ♦ Peter Simple ' (anon. ; from 
 ' Met. Mag.'), 1834 ; ' Jacob Faithful' 
 (anon.; from 'Met. Mag.'), 1834; 
 'The Pacha of Many Tales' (anon.), 
 1835 ; 'Mr. Midshipman Easy ' (from 
 ' Met. Mag.'), 1836 ; ' Japhet in Search 
 of a Father' (anon. ; from 'Met. Mag.'), 
 1836; 'The Pirate and the Three 
 Cutters,' 1836 ; ' Snarleyyow,' 1837 ; 
 • The Phantom Ship,' 1839 ; * A Diary 
 in America' (2 series), 1839; 'OUa 
 Podrida,' 1840; 'Poor Jack,' 1840; 
 'Joseph Rushbrook,' 1841; 'Master- 
 man Ready,' 1841 ; 'Percival Keene,' 
 1842; 'Narrative of the Travels and 
 Adventures of Monsieur Violet,' 1843 ; 
 ' The Settlers in Canada,' 1844 ; ' The 
 Mission,' 1845 ; 'The Privateer's Man,' 
 1846; 'The Children of the New 
 Forest,' 1847. 
 
 Posthumous: 'The Little Savage' 
 (2 pts.), 1848-49; 'Valerie,' 1849; 
 ' The Floral Telegraph ' [1850 ?]. 
 
 He edited : ' Rattlin the Reefer' [b 
 Hon. E. G. C. Howard], 1836. 
 
 Collected Novels : 1896, etc. 
 
 Life : ' Life and Letters,' by Florence 
 Marryat, 1872 ; life by D. Hannay, 
 1889. ^ 
 
 MABSTON (John), 1575[n-1634. 
 Born, at Coventry[?], 1575 [?]. Matric. 
 Brasenose Coll., Oxford, 4 Feb. 1592 ; 
 B.A., 6 Feb. 1594. Wrote plays, 
 
MARSTON— MARTIN 
 
 187 
 
 1599-1607.' Ordained Rector of Christ- 
 church, Hampshire, Oct. 1616 to Sept. 
 1631. Married Mary Wilkes. Died, 
 in London, 25 June 1634 ; buried in 
 Temple Church. 
 
 Works : * The Metamorphosis of 
 Pygmalion's Image ' (under initials : 
 W.K.), 1598 ; 'The Scourge of Vilanie' 
 (under pseud : W. Kinsayder), 1598 ; 
 'The History of Antonio and Mellida' 
 (under initials : J. M. ), 1602 ; * An- 
 tonio's Revenge,' 1602; *The Mal- 
 content,' 1604 ; * Eastward Hoe ' (with 
 Johnson and Chapman), 1605 ; * The 
 Dutch Courtezan,' 1605 ; ' Para- 
 sitaster,' 1606 ; * The Wonder of 
 Women,' 1606 ; ♦ What You Will,' 
 1607 ; ' Histriomastix ' (anon. ; prob- 
 ably partly by Marston), 1610 ; * The 
 Insatiate Countess,' 1613 ; * Jack 
 Drum's Entertainment ' (anon. ; prob- 
 ably by Marston), 1616; 'Tragedies 
 and Comedies' (anon.), 1633 (another 
 edn., with his name, same year). 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by J. O. 
 Halliwell (3 vols.), 1856; by A. H. 
 Bullen (3 vols.), 1887. 
 
 MABSTON (John Westland), 1819- 
 1890. Born, at Boston, Lines., 30 Jan. 
 1819. Articled to a solicitor in 
 London, 1834. Contrib. to 'The 
 Sunbeam.' Strong literary and dra- 
 matic tastes. Edited ' National Mag.,' 
 1837-56. Editor of ' The Psyche,' 
 1839. Married Eleanor Jane Potts, 
 May 1840. Play, 'The Patrician's 
 Daughter,' produced, Dec. 1842; 'The 
 Heart and the World,' 1847; * Strath- 
 more,' 1849; 'Philip of France and 
 Marie de M^ranie,' 1850 ; * Anne 
 Blake,' 1852; 'A Life's Ransom,' 
 1857 ; ' A Hard Struggle,' 1858 ; 'The 
 Wife's Portrait,' 1862 ; 'Pure Gold,' 
 Sadler's Wells, 10 Nov. 1863; 'Donna 
 Diana,' 1863 ; ' The Favourite of For- 
 tune,' Haymarket, 2 April 1866 ; * A 
 Hero of Romance,' Haymarket, 14 
 March 1868 ; 'Life for Life,' Lyceum, 
 6 March 1869; 'Lamed for Life,' 
 Royalty, 12 June 1871 ; ' Broken 
 Spells' (with W. G. Wills), Court, 
 27 March 1872 ; ' Put to the Test,' 
 Olympic, 24 Feb. 1873 ; 'Under Fire,' 
 1885. Hon. LL.D., Glasgow, 1863. 
 
 Frequent contributor to * Athenaeum.' 
 Died, in London, 5 Jan. 1890. 
 
 Wor'ks : ' Poetry as an Universal 
 Nature,' 1838 ; ' Poetic Culture,' 1839 ; 
 ' The Patrician's Daughter,' 1841 ; 
 ' Gerald,' 1842 ; ' The Heart and the 
 World,' 1847; 'Trevanion' (with 
 W. B. Bernard),' 1849 ; 'Strathmore,' 
 1849; 'Philip of France and Marie 
 de Meranie,' 1850 ; ' Anne Blake,' 
 1852 ; 'The Death Ride,' 1855 ; 'A 
 Lady in her Own Right,' 1860 ; ' The 
 Family Credit,' 1862; 'The Wife's 
 Portrait ' [1870] ; ' Dramatic and 
 Poetical Works ' (2 vols.), 1876 ; ' Our 
 Recent Actors ' (2 vols.), 1888. 
 
 MABSION (Philip Bourke), 1850- 
 1887. [Son of preceding.] Born, in 
 London, 13 Aug. 1850. Almost total 
 loss of sight, 1853 ; developing later in 
 life into total blindness. Died, in 
 London, 13 Feb. 1887. 
 
 Works : ' Song-Tide, and other 
 poems,' 1871; 'All in AU,' 1875; 
 ♦Wind Voices, '1883. 
 
 Posthumous: 'For a Song's Sake, 
 and other Stories,' ed. by William 
 Sharp, 1887 ; ' Garden Secrets,' ed. by 
 Mrs. Moulton, 1887 ; 'A Last Harvest,' 
 ed. by Mrs. Moulton, 1891 ; ' Collected 
 Poems,' ed. by Mrs. Moulton, 1892. 
 
 MABTIN {Sir Theodore), b. 1816. 
 Born, in Edinburgh, 16 Sept. 1816. 
 At Edinburgh High School, 1824- 
 30 ; at Edinburgh Univ., 1830-34. 
 Practised as solicitor in Edinburgh, 
 1840-45. To London, 1846, Settled 
 in business as Parliamentary agent. 
 Contrib. to 'Eraser's Mag.,' 'Tait'a 
 Mag.,' 'Blackwood's Mag.,' 'West- 
 minster Rev.,' * Quarterly Rev.,' 
 Married Helena Faucit, 25 Aug. 
 1851. Hon. LL.D., Edinburgh, 1873. 
 C.B., 1875. J. P. for Denbighshire. 
 K.C.B., March 1880. Rector of St. 
 Andrew's Univ., Nov. 1880 to 1884. 
 K.C.V.O., 1896. 
 
 Works : 'Disputation between the 
 Body and the Soul ' (under initials : 
 T. M.), 1838 ; 'Dante and Beatrice' 
 (anon.), [1844] ; ' Bon Gaultier Bal- 
 lads ' (with W. E. Aytoun ; anon.), 
 1845; 'Madonna Pia' (anon.; priv. 
 
188 
 
 MARTINEAU 
 
 ptd.), 1855 ; * Poems, original and 
 translated' (priv. ptd.), 1862; 'Me- 
 moir of W. E.Aytoun,'1867 ; 'Horace,' 
 1870 ; ' Essays on the Drama ' (2 
 vols., priv. ptd.), 1874-89 ; ' The 
 Life of H.R.H. the Prince Consort ' 
 (5 vols.), 1875-80; 'Inaugural Ad- 
 dress' [at St. Andrew's], 1881 ; 'Life 
 of Lord Lyndhurst,' 1883; 'Shake- 
 speare or Bacon ?' (from ' Blackwood's 
 Mag.'), 1888. 
 
 He has translated: Hertz's 'King 
 Rene's Daughter,' 1850 ; Oehlen- 
 schlager's ' Coreggio,' 1854 ; Oehlen- 
 Bchlager's 'Aladdin,' 1857; Goethe's 
 'Poems and BaUads' (with W. E. 
 Aytoun), 1859 ; The 'Odes' of Horace, 
 1860 ; 'Catullus,' 1861 ; Dante's 'Vita 
 Nuova,' 1862 ; Goethe's Taust,' pt. i., 
 1865 ; pt. ii. 1886 ; « Odes, Epodes, 
 and Satires of Horace, '1870 ; Schiller's 
 ' William Tell,' 1870 ; Heine's 'Poen s 
 and Ballads,' 1878 ; Horace's 'Works/ 
 1881 ; Schiller's 'Song of the Bell,' 
 1889; Virgil's * ^neid,' Bks. i.-vi., 
 1896; o.n6. edited : Urquhart's trans- 
 lation of Rabelais' ' Gargantua,' 1838. 
 
 [Lady Martin was born, in London, 
 11 Oct. 1820. First appearances on 
 stage, at Richmond, 1833 ; at Covent 
 Garden, 5 Jan. 1836 ; last appearance, 
 in Manchester, Oct. 1879. She has 
 published : ' On Some of Shakespeare's 
 Female Characters,' 1885 (enlarged 
 edn., 1893)]. 
 
 MARTINEAU (Harriet), 1802-1876. 
 Born, at Norwich, 12 June 1802. 
 Early education at home. At a school 
 at Norwich, 1813-15. At Bristol, 
 1818-19. Returned to Norwich, April 
 1819. Contrib. to 'Monthly Reposi- 
 tory,' from 1821. Severe illness, 1827, 
 followed by financial difficulties. 
 Wrote three prize essays for Central 
 Unitarian Association, 1830-31. Visit 
 to her brother James at Dublin, 1831. 
 Engaged on ' Illustrations of Political 
 Economy,' Feb. 1832 to Feb. 1834. 
 Settled in London. Visit to America, 
 Aug. 1834 to Aug. 1836. Travelled 
 on Continent, 1839. Refused Crovm 
 Pensions, 1834, 1841, and 1873. 
 Testimonial raised to her by her 
 friends, 1843. Lived at Tynemoutb, 
 
 1839-45 ; at Ambleside, Westmor- 
 land, 1845 till her death. Friend- 
 ship with Wordsworth. Visit to 
 Egypt and Palestine, Aug. 1846 to 
 July 1847. Contrib. to ' Daily News,' 
 1852-66 ; to ' Edinburgh Revieyv,' 
 from 1859. Died, at Ambleside, 27 
 June 1876. 
 
 Works : * Devotional Exercises ' 
 (anon.), 1823 ; ' Addresses, with 
 Prayers' (anon.), 1826 ; 'Traditions 
 of Palestine,' 1830; 'Five Years of 
 Youth,' 1831 ; ' Essential Faith of the 
 Universal Church,' 1831 ; 'The Faith 
 as unfolded by many Prophets,' 1832 ; 
 'Providence as manifested through 
 Israel,' 1832 ; ' Illustrations of Poli- 
 tical Economy' (9 vols.), 1832-34; 
 ' Poor Laws and Paupers Illustrated,' 
 1833-34 ; ' Illustrations of Taxation,' 
 1834; 'Miscellanies' (2 vols., Boston), 
 1836 ; ' Society in America,' 1837 ; 
 ' Retrospect of Western Travel,' 1838 ; 
 'How to Observe,' 1838 ; 'Addresses,' 
 1838 ; * Deerbrook,' 1839 ; * The 
 Martyr Age of the United States' 
 (under initials: H. M.), 1840 ; 'The 
 Plajfellow' (4 pts. : 'The Settlers at 
 Home ' ; ' The Peasant and the 
 Prince ' ; ' Feats on the Fiord ' ; ' The 
 Crofton Boys '), 1841 ; ' The Hour 
 and the Man,' 1841 ; ' Life in the 
 Sick Room' (anon.), 1844; 'Letters 
 on Mesmerism,' 1845 (2nd edn. same 
 year) ; ' Forest and Game-Law Tales * 
 (3 vols.), 1845-46; 'Dawn Island,' 
 1845; 'The Billow and the Rock,' 
 1846 ; contribution to 'The Land we 
 Live In ' (with C. Knight and others), 
 1847, etc. ; 'Eastern Life,' 1848 ; 'His- 
 tory of England during the Thirty 
 Years' Peace' (with C. Knight), 1849 ; 
 
 • Household Education,' 1849 ; ' In- 
 troduction to the History of the Peace,' 
 1851 ; ' Letters on the Laws of Man's 
 Nature ' (with H. G. Atkinson), 1851 ; 
 'Half a Century of the British Em- 
 pire' (only 1 pt. pubd.), [1851] ; ' Sick- 
 ness and health of the people of Blea- 
 burn' (anon.), 1853 ; 'Letters from Ire- 
 land ' (from ' Daily News '), 1853 ; 
 
 • Guide to Windermere ' [1854] ; ' A 
 Complete Guide to the English Lakes ' 
 [1855]; 'The Factory Controversy,' 
 1855 ; 'History of the American Com- 
 
M A RTINE AU— MARVELL 
 
 189 
 
 promises * (from ' Daily News ') 1856 ; 
 •Sketches from Life' [1856]; 'Cor- 
 porate Traditions and National Rights ' 
 [1857] ; ' British Rule in India,' 1857 ; 
 ' Guide to Keswick ' [1857] ; * Sugges- 
 tions towards the Future Government 
 of India/ 1858 ; ' England and her 
 Soldiers,' 1859 ; 'Endowed Schools of 
 Ireland' (from 'Daily News'), 1859; 
 'Health, Husbandry, and Handicraft,' 
 1861 ; 'Biographical Sketches' (from 
 •Daily News'), 1869 [1868]. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Autobiography,' ed. 
 by M. W. Chapman, 1877 (3rd edn. 
 same year); 'The Hampdens,' 1880 
 [1879]. 
 
 She translated : Comte's • Positive 
 Philosophy,' 1853. 
 
 Life: by Mrs. Fenwick Miller, 1884. 
 
 MARTINEAU (James), b. 1805. 
 [Brother of preceding.] Born, at 
 Norwich, 21 April 1805. At Norwich 
 Grammar School till 1819; at Dr. 
 Lant Carpenter's school at Bristol, 
 1819 - 21. Studied civil engineer- 
 ing, 1821-22. At Manchester New 
 Coll., York, 1822-27. Temporary 
 schoolmastership at Bristol, 1827-28. 
 Presbyterian minister in Dublin, 1828- 
 32; in Liverpool, 1832-57. Married 
 Helen Higginson, 18 Dec. 1828. Prof, 
 of Mental and Moral Philosophy, 
 Manchester New Coll., 1840. Edited 
 ' The Prospective Review,' 1845. To 
 London, 1857. Minister of Little 
 Portland Street Chapel, 1859-72. 
 Principal of Manchester New Coll., 
 London, 1869-85. Hon. LL.D., 
 Harvard, 1872 ; Doc. Theol., Leyden 
 Univ., 1875 ; Hon. D.D., Edinburgh 
 Univ., 1884 ; Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 
 20 June, 1888 ; Hon. Litt.D., Dublin, 
 1892. 
 
 Works [exclusive of a number of 
 sermons and addresses dating from 
 1834 to 1881] : ' The Rationale of Re- 
 ligious Inquiry,' 1836 ; 'The Bible,' 
 1839 ; 'Lectures in the Liverpool Con- 
 troversy,' 1839 ; 'Hymns for the Chris- 
 tian Church and Home,' 1840 ; ' En- 
 deavours after the Christian Life ' 
 (2 vols.), 1843-47; 'Miscellanies,' 
 [Boston] 1852 ; ' Studies of Chris- 
 tianity,' 1858 ; 'Essays, Philosophical 
 
 and Theological ' (2 vols.), [New 
 York] 1868 ; ' The New Affinities of 
 Faith,' 1869; 'The Place of Mind 
 in Nature,' 1872; 'Hymns of Praise 
 and Prayer,' 1874 ; * Religion as 
 affected by Modern Materialism,' 
 1874 ; ' Modern Materialism ' (from 
 'Contemp. Rev.'), 1876; 'Hours of 
 Thought on Sacred Things ' (2 vols.), 
 1876-79 ; ' Ideal Substitutes for God,' 
 1878; 'In Memoriam John Kenrick* 
 (from 'Theolog. Rev.'; priv.ptd.), 1878 ; 
 'The Relations between Ethics and 
 Religion,' 1881 ; • A Study of Spinoza,' 
 1882 ; 'Types of Ethical Theory' (2 
 vols.), 1885 ; 'A Study of Religion' 
 (2 vols.), 1888 ; ' The Seat of Authority 
 in Religion,' 1890 ; ' Essays, Reviews, 
 and Addresses ' (4 vols.), 1890-91 ; 
 •Home Prayers,' 1891 ; 'The Three 
 Stages of Unitarian Theology ' [1894]. 
 
 MARVELL (Andrew), 1621-1678. 
 Bom, at Winestead - in - Holderness, 
 Yorks, 31 March 1621. Educated at 
 Hull Grammar School, of which his 
 father was master. Matric. Trin. 
 Coll., Camb., as Sizar, 14 Dec. 1633 ; 
 Scholar, 13 AprU 1638 ; B.A., 1638. 
 Left Cambridge, 1641. Travelled 
 abroad. Tutor to daughter of Lord 
 Fairfax, 1650[?]-53. Tutor to William 
 Dutton (a ward of Oliver Cromwell), 
 1653-57 ; lived at Eton. Assistant 
 to Milton (as Sec. of Foreign Tongues), 
 1657. M.P. for Hull, in Cromwell's 
 Parliament, 1660 ; re-elected, Dea 
 1660 and April 1661. On Embassy 
 to Russia, Sweden, and Denmark with 
 Earl of Carlisle, July 1663 to Jan. 
 1665. Prolific political and ecclesias- 
 tical controversial writer. Died, sud- 
 denly, in London, 18 Aug. 1678 ; 
 buried in the church of St. Giles-in- 
 the-Fields. Probably married. 
 
 Works : ' The First Anniversary of 
 the Government,' 1655 ; ' The Char- 
 acter of Holland,' 1665; 'Clarendon's 
 House-Warming,' 1667; 'The Re- 
 hearsal Transpos'd,' pt. i. (anon.), 
 1672 ; pt. ii., 1673 ; • An Apology and 
 Advice for some of the Clergy,' 1674 ; 
 ' Dialogue between two Horses,' 1675 ; 
 ' Plain Dealing ' (under initials ; 
 A. M.), 1675; *A Letter from a 
 
190 
 
 MASSEY— MASSINGER 
 
 Parliament Man to his Friend '(anon. ; 
 attrib. to Marvell), 1675 ; * Mr. 
 Smirke ' (under pseud. : * Andreas 
 Rivetus, Junior '), 1686; *A Season- 
 able Question and a Useful Answer ' 
 (anon. ; attrib. to Marvell), 1676 ; 
 ' An Account of the Growth of Popery 
 . . . in England' (anon.), 1677; 'A 
 Seasonable Argument to persuade all 
 the Grand Juries in England to peti- 
 tion for a new Parliament' (anon. ; 
 attrib. to Marvell), 1677 ; ' Advice to 
 a Painter' (anon.), 1678; 'Remarks 
 upon a disengenuous Discourse writ 
 by one T. D.' (anon.), 1678. 
 
 Posthumom : * A Short Historical 
 Essay touching General Councils,' 
 1680 ; 'Miscellaneous Poems,' 1681 ; 
 • Characters of Popery,' 1689 ; ' Poems 
 on Affairs of State,' 1689 ; ' The 
 Royal Manual,' 1751. 
 
 He contributed poems to *Musa 
 Cantabrigiensis,* 1637 ; 'Lacrymae 
 Musarum,' 1639 ; Lovelace's 'Poems,' 
 1649; Primerose's 'Popular Errors,' 
 1651 ; 'Paradise Lost,' 2nd edn., 
 1674 ; and probably translated : Sue- 
 tonius, 1672. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by T. Cooke 
 (2 vols.), 1726 ; ed. by E. Thompson 
 (3 vols.), 1776 ; ed. by Grosart, 1872- 
 75 ; * Poems and Satires,' ed. by G. A. 
 Aitken (2 vols.), 1892. 
 
 Life : by J. Dove, 1832. 
 
 MASSEY (Gerald), b. 1828. Born, 
 near Tring, Herts, 29 May 1828. 
 Educated at National Schools. 
 Worked in silk factory, 1836-43. To 
 London, as errand-boy, 1843. Editor 
 of 'Spirit of Freedom,' April 1849- 
 1851. On staff of ' Athenaeum,' 1853- 
 69 ; of * Quarterly Rev.,' 1859-66. 
 
 Works : ' Poems and Chansons ' 
 (priv. ptd.), 1846 ; 'Voices of Freedom 
 and Lyrics of Love,' 1851 ; 'The Ballad 
 of BabeChristabel,' 1854 (2nd-4thedns. 
 same year); 'War Waits,' 1855 (2nd 
 edn. same year) ; 'Craigcrook Castle,' 
 1856 (2nd edn. same year) ; 'Robert 
 Burns,' 1859 ; ' Poetical Works,' 1861 
 [1860] ; ' Havelock's March,' 1861 ; 
 'Shakespeare's Sonnets never before 
 Interpreted,' 1866 ; ' A Tale of 
 Eternity,' 1870 ; * Concerning Spirit- 
 
 ualism' [1871]; 'Tbe Secret Drama 
 of Shakespeare's Sonnets,' 1872 
 (re-written, 1890) ; ' A Book of the 
 Beginnings' (2 vols.), 1881; 'The 
 Natural Genesis' (2 vols.), 1883 ; 
 ' The Devil of Darkness in the Light 
 of Evolution' (priv. ptd.), [1887]; 
 * Gnostic and Historic Christianity ' 
 (priv. ptd.), [1887]; 'The Hebrew 
 and other Creations fundamentally 
 explained ' (priv. ptd.), [1887] ; ' The 
 Historical Jesus and Mythical Christ ' 
 (priv. ptd.), [1887]; 'The Logia of 
 the Lord ' (priv. ptd.), [1887] ; ' Luni- 
 olatry' (priv. ptd.), [1887] ; 'Man in 
 Search of his Soul' (priv. ptd.), [1887]; 
 ' Paul the Gnostic Opponent of Peter ' 
 (priv. ptd. ), [1887] ; ' The Seven Souls 
 of Man' (priv. ptd.), [1887]; 'The 
 Coming Religion ' (priv. ptd.), [1889] ; 
 ' My Lyrical Life ' (2 vols.), 1889. 
 
 MASSINGER (Philip), 1683-1640. 
 Born, at Salisbury, 1583 ; baptised 
 24 Nov. Possibly page to Earl of 
 Pembroke in boyhood. Matric, St. 
 Alban Hall, Oxford, 14 May 1602. 
 Left Oxford, 1606 ; took no degree. 
 To London ; took to writing plays. 
 Collaborated with Nathaniel Field, 
 Cyril Tourneur, Daborne and others ; 
 with Fletcher, 1613-25. Wrote plays 
 for King's Company of Players, 1616- 
 23, 1625-40 ; for Queen's Company, 
 1623-25. Married. Died, suddenly, 
 in London, March 1640 ; buried, in 
 St. Saviour's, South wark, 18 March. 
 
 Works : ' The Virgin Martir ' (with 
 T. Dekker), 1622; 'The Duke of 
 Millaine,' 1623; 'The Bondman,' 
 1624; 'The Roman Actor,' 1629; 
 ' The Picture,' 1630 ; ' The Renegade,' 
 1630 ; ' The Emperor of the East,' 
 1632 ; ' The Maid of Honour,' 1632 ; 
 'The Fatal Dowry' (with N. Field; 
 anon.), 1632 ; 'A New Way to 
 pay Old Debts,' 1633; 'The Great 
 Duke of Florence,' 1636 ; 'The Un- 
 naturall Combat,' 1639. [Several plays 
 known to have been printed are lost.} 
 Posthumous : ' Three new Playes j 
 viz., The Bashful Lover, Guardian, 
 Very Woman,' 1655 ; 'The Old Law' 
 (with Middleton and Rowley), 1656 ;. 
 'The City Madam,' 1658 ; 'The Par- 
 
MASSON— MAX-MULLER 
 
 191 
 
 liament of Love,' ed. by Gifford, 1805 ; 
 
 • Believe as You List,' ed. for Percy 
 Soc, 1849. 
 
 Collected Workft : ed. by Coxeter 
 (4 vols.), 1759 ; ed. by Monck Mason 
 (4 vols.), 1779 ; ed. by Giflford (4 
 vols.), 1805. 
 
 MASSON (David), b. 1822. Born, 
 in Aberdeen, 2 Dec. 1822. Educated 
 at Marischal Coll., and Univ., Aber- 
 deen, 1835-39 ; at Edinburgh Univ., 
 1839-42. Journalist in Aberdeen, 
 1842-44. In London, 1844-45 ; con- 
 tributed to periodicals. In Edinburgh, 
 1845-47. In London, 1847-65. Edited 
 'Macmillan's Mag.,' 1859-65; 'The 
 Reader,' 1863 ; Prof, of English Lan- 
 guage and Literature, Univ. Coll., 
 London, 1853 to Oct. 1865. Prof, of 
 Rhetoric and English Lit., Edinburgh 
 Univ., 1865-95. Lectured at Royal 
 Institution, 1865. Editor of Register 
 of Privy Council of Scotland, 1879. 
 Historiographer Royal for Scotland, 
 since 1893. Married Rosaline Orme. 
 
 Works: ' History of Rome,' 1848 ; 
 
 * The British Museum ' (anon.), 1850 ; 
 ' College Education and Self-Educa- 
 tion ' [1854] ; ' Essays,' 1856 ; ' Life 
 of John Milton' (6 vols.), 1859 [1858]- 
 80 ; * British Novelists and their 
 Styles,' 1859 ; * Recent British Philo- 
 sophy,' 1865 ; 'The State of Learning 
 in Scotland,' 1866 ; ' Drummond of 
 Hawthornden,' 1873; 'Wordsworth, 
 Shelley, Keats and other Essays,' 
 1874 ; ' The Three Devils,' 1874 ; 
 ' Chatterton,' 1874; 'De Quincey,' 
 1881 ; 'Carlyle, personally and in his 
 writings,' 1885 ; ' Edinburgh Sketches 
 and Memories,' 1892 ; contribution to 
 'In the Footsteps of the Poets ' [1893] ; 
 'James Melvin,' 1895. 
 
 Hehaserfi^ed; Goldsmith's 'Works,' 
 1869; Milton's 'Poetical Works,' 
 1874; J. Bruce's 'The Quarrel be- 
 tween the Earl of Manchester and 
 Oliver Cromwell,' 1875 ; 'Register of 
 Privy Council of Scotland,' 1880-87 ; 
 De Quincey's ' Selected Essays,' 1888 ; 
 De Quincey's ' Collected Writings,' 
 1889, etc. 
 
 MATURIN (Charles Robert), 1782- 
 1824. Born, in Dublin, 1782. To 
 
 Trin. Coll., Dublin, as scholar, 1798 ; 
 B. A., 1800. Married Henrietta Kings- 
 bury, 1802. Ordained Curate of 
 Loughrea ; afterwards of St. Peter's, 
 Dublin. Kept a school, and also 
 engaged in literature. Tragedy ' Ber- 
 tram ' produced at Drury Lane, 9 May 
 
 1816 ; 'Manuel,' Drury Lane, 8 March 
 
 1817 ; 'Eredolfo,' Covent Garden, 
 12 May 1817. Lived for some time 
 in London. Died, in Dublin, 30 Oct. 
 1824 ; buried in St. Peter's, Dublin. 
 
 Works: 'The Fatal Revenge' 
 (under pseudonym : ' Dennis Jasper 
 Murphy '), 1807 ; ' The Wild Irish 
 Boy' (anon.), 1808; 'The Milesian 
 Chief '(anon.), 1812 ; 'Bertram,' 1816 
 7th edn. same year) ; • Manuel ' 
 (anon.), 1817; 'Women' (anon.), 
 1818; 'Sermons,' 1819; 'Fredolfo,' 
 1819; 'Melmoth the Wanderer' 
 (anon.), 1820 ; ' The Universe ' (pro- 
 bably written by J. Wills), 1821 ; 
 'Six Sermons on the Errors of the 
 Roman Catholic Church,' 1824 ; • The 
 Albigenses' (anon.), 1824. 
 
 Ltfe : in 1892 edn. of ' Melmoth.' 
 
 MAX-MULLER (Friedricli),b. 1823. 
 Born, at Dessau, 6 Dec. 1823. 
 [Adopted one of his Christian names 
 (Max) as part surname in 1850.] At 
 school in Dessau and Leipzig. At 
 Leipzig Univ., 1840-42 ; at Berlin 
 [Jniv., spring 1842 to Sept. 1843; 
 M.A. and Ph.D., Leipzig, Sept. 
 1843. In Paris, 1845-46. To Eng- 
 land, June 1846. Settled in Oxford, 
 1848 ; Deputy Taylorian Prof., 1850 ; 
 Hon. M.A., Ch. Ch., 4 Dec. 1851 ; 
 Taylorian Prof., 1854-68 ; M.A., 13 
 Dec. 1855 ; Curator of Bodleian 
 Library, 1856 ; Fellow of All Souls' 
 Coll., 1858 ; Oriental Librarian, Bod- 
 leian, 1865-67 ; Corpus Prof, of Com- 
 parative Philology, 1868. Married 
 Georgina Adelaide Grenfell, 3 Aug. 
 1859. Lectured at Royal Institution 
 1861-64, 1870, 73, 87, etc. Rede 
 Lecturer, Camb., 1868. Hon. LL.D., 
 Camb., 1868. Foreign Mem. of Insti- 
 tute of France, 1869. Hon. LL.D., 
 Edinburgh, 1870. Lectured at Stras- 
 burg Univ., 1872. Lectured on 'Re- 
 ligions of the World ' in Westminster 
 
192 
 
 MAXWELL— MAY 
 
 Abbey, 3 Dec. 1873. Ordre pour 
 le Merite, 1874. Delegate of Univ. 
 Press, Oxford, 13 Nov. 1877. Hibbert 
 Lecturer, Chapter House, West- 
 minster, 1878. Order of Corona 
 d'ltalia, 1880. Lectured on India at 
 Cambridge, 1882. GifTord Lecturer 
 in Natural Religion, Glasgow Univ., 
 1888-92. Pres. of Aryan Section, 
 Internat. Congress of Orientalists, 
 Stockholm, 1889 ; Order Northern 
 Star of Sweden, 1889. Hon. LL.D., 
 Bologna, 1890. Order of Albrecht 
 der Bar, 1891. Pres., Internat. Con- 
 gress of Orientalists, London, 1892. 
 Hon. LL.D., Dublin, 1892. Visit to 
 Constantinople, 1893 ; Star of Med- 
 jidieh, 1893. Jubilee Degree, Leipzig, 
 Sept. 1893, Commander of Legion 
 d'Honneur, 1895. Hon. Ph.D., Buda- 
 Pesth, 1895. Privy Councillor, 1896. 
 Hon. Mem., Imperial Acad, of Vienna, 
 1897. 
 
 Works : * Proposals for a Missionary 
 Alphabet,' 1854 ; ' Suggestions for 
 the assistance of OflBcers,' 1854 ; ' The 
 Languages of the Seat of War in the 
 East,' 1855 ; 'Deutsche Liebe' (anon.), 
 1857 ; * Buddhism and the Buddhist 
 Pilgrims,' 1857 ; * The German 
 Classics,' 1858 ; * Correspondence 
 [with Sir G. Trevelyan] relating to 
 the Establishment of an Oriental 
 College in London ' (from * The 
 Times,' anon.), 1858 ; 'A History of 
 Ancient Sanskrit Literature,' 1859 ; 
 
 * Lectures on the Science of Language' 
 (2 ser.), 1861, 64 ; 'On Ancient 
 Hindu Astronomy and Chronology,' 
 1862 ; * A Sanskrit Grammar for Be- 
 ginners,' 1866 ; * Chips from a German 
 Workshop ' (4 vols.), 1867-75 ; ' On 
 the Stratification of Language,' 1868 ; 
 •Ueber den Buddhistischen Nihilis- 
 mus,' 1869; 'A Sanskrit Grammar 
 for Beginners,' 1870 ; ' Speech at the 
 German Peace Festival ' (in Germ, 
 and Eng.), 1871 ; 'Ueber die Result- 
 ate der Sprachwissenschaft,' 1872 ; 
 ' Introduction to the Science of Re- 
 ligion,' 1873 ; ' On Missions,' 1873 ; 
 
 * Lectures on the Origin and Growth 
 of Religion,' 1878 ; ' Selected Essays,' 
 1881; 'India,' 1883; 'Biographical 
 Essays,' 1884; 'The Science of 
 
 Thought,' 1887 ; ' Thrte Introductory 
 Lectures on the Science of Thought,' 
 1887 ; 'Biographies of Words,' 1888 ; 
 'Natural Religion,' 1888; 'Physical 
 Religion,' 1891 ; ' Anthropological 
 Religion,' 1892 [1891] ; « Theosophy,' 
 
 1893 ; • Three Lectures on the Ve- 
 danta Philosophy,' 1894 ; * Contribu- 
 tions to the Science of Mythology,' 
 1897. 
 
 He has translated: • Histopadesa,' 
 1844; • Kalidasa,' 1847 ; 'Rig-Veda- 
 Pratisakhya,' 1869 ; 'The Upanishads,' 
 (2 pts.), 1879, 84; 'The Dhamma- 
 pada,' 1881 ; Kant's 'Critique of Pure 
 Reason,' 1881 ; ' Vedic Hymns,' 1891, 
 etc. ; 'Buddhist Mabayana Texts,' 
 
 1894 ; and edited : ' Handbooks for 
 the Study of Sanskrit,' 1864-66 ; 
 ' Memoirs of Baron Stockmar,' 1872 ; 
 'The Hymns of the Rig- Veda,' 1849, 
 56, 69, 73; 'Schiller's Letters,' 1875 ; 
 ' The Sacred Books of the East,' 1879, 
 etc. ; * Buddhist Texts from Japan,' 
 1881, etc.; 'The Ancient Palm 
 Leaves, etc.' (with Bunyiu Nanjio), 
 1884 ; 'The Dharma-Samgraha ' (with 
 H. Wenzel), 1885 ; W. Scherer's 
 ' Hist, of German Literature,* 1886 ; 
 ' Sacred Books of the Buddhists/ 
 1895, etc. 
 
 MAXWELL {Mrs. John). See 
 Brad don. 
 
 HAT (Thomas), 1595-1650. Bom 
 
 [at Mayfield, Sussex ?], 1595. Matric. 
 Sidney Sussex Coll., Camb., as Fellow- 
 Commoner, 7 Sept. 1609 ; B. A., 1612. 
 Student at Gray's Inn, 6 Aug. 1615. 
 Devoted himself to drama and general 
 literature. Joined Parliamentary side 
 in Civil War. Secretary for the 
 Parliament, 1646-50. Died, in Lon- 
 don, 13 Nov. 1650. Buried in West- 
 minster Abbey. 
 
 Works: ' The Heir,' 1622 ; 'A Con- 
 tinuation of Lucan's HistoricallPoem,* 
 1630 (Latin version, 1640) ; ' The Tra- 
 gedy of Antigone ' (under initials : 
 T. M.), 1631 ; 'The Reigne of King 
 Henry the Second,' 1633 ; 'The Vic- 
 torious Reigne of King Edward the 
 Third,' 1635 ; 'The Tragedie of Cleo- 
 patra ' (under initials : T. M.), 1639 ; 
 ' The Tragedy of Julia Aggripina ' 
 
MA YHEW— MELVILLE 
 
 193 
 
 (under initials: T. M.), 1639; 'A 
 Discourse concerning the Success of 
 former Parliaments ' (anon.), 1642 ; 
 •A True Relation from Hull,' 1643 ; 
 * The Character of a Right Malignant ' 
 (anon.; attrib. to May), 1644 ; 'The 
 Lord George Digby's Cabinet and Dr. 
 Goff's Negotiations,' 1646 ; 'The His- 
 tory of the Parliament of England 
 which began Nov. the Third, 1640,' 
 1647 ; * Historise Parliamenti Anglise 
 Breviarium ' (under initials : T. M.), 
 1650 (English version same year) ; 
 'The Changeable Covenant' (anon.; 
 attrib. to May), 1650. 
 
 Posthumous : * The Life of a Sa- 
 tirical Puppy called Nim* (under 
 initials: T. M; possibly by May), 
 1657; * Julius Casar,' 1658; 'The 
 Old Couple,' 1658. 
 
 He translated : Lucan's ' Pharsalia,* 
 Bks. i.-iii., 1626 ; complete, 1627 ; 
 Virgil's 'Georgics,' 1628; 'Selected 
 Epigrams of Martial,' 1629 ; Barclay's 
 'Argenis,' 1629 ; Barclay's * Icon Ani- 
 morum,' 1631. 
 
 MAYHEW (Henry), 1812 ■ 1887. 
 Born, in London, 25 Nov. 1812. To 
 Westminster School, 14 Jan. 1822. 
 Ran away to sea ; sailed to Calcutta. 
 On his return, articled to his father 
 (a solicitor). Edited * Figaro in Lon- 
 don ' (with Gilbert k Beckett), 1832- 
 39 ; 'The Thief,' 1832. Farce, ' The 
 Wandering Minstrel,' produced, Fitz- 
 roy Theatre, 16 Jan. 1834 ; ' But 
 
 however ' (written with H. Bay lis), 
 
 Haymarket, 30 Oct. 1838 ; ' Mont 
 Blanc ' (from Labiche ; written with 
 Athol Mayhew), [1874]. One of the 
 projectors of 'Punch,' 1841 ; for some 
 time joint editor with Mark Lemon 
 and E. S. Coyne. Edited ' The Comic 
 Almanack,' 1848. Contrib. to ' Morn- 
 ing Chronicle.' Visited Germany 
 several times. Edited * Only Once 
 a Year,' 1870. Died, in London, 
 25 July 1887. Buried at Kensal 
 Green. 
 
 Works: 'But however ' (with 
 
 H. Baylis), [1838] ; 'What to Teach, 
 and How to Teach It,' 1842 ; 'The 
 Prince of Wales's Library : the 
 Primer ' [1844] ; • The Good Genius ' 
 
 (with Aug. Mayhew), 1847 ; * The 
 Greatest Plague of Life ' (with Aug. 
 Mayhew), 1847 ; 'The Image of his 
 Father ' (with Aug. Mayhew), 1848 ; 
 'Whom to Marry ' (with Aug. May- 
 hew), 1848 ; 'The Magic of Kindness,' 
 (with Aug. Mayhew), 1849; 'The 
 Image of bis Father,' 1850 ; 'Acting 
 Charades ' (with Aug. Mayhew), 1850; 
 ' 1851 ; or, the Adventures of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Sandboys ' (with G. Cruik- 
 shank), 1851 ; ' London Labour and 
 London Poor,' 1851 ; ' The Mormons,' 
 1852 ; ' The Story of a Peasant Boy 
 Philosopher,' 1854 ; ' Living for Ap- 
 pearances ' (with Aug. Mayhew), 
 1855; 'The Wonders of Science,' 
 1855 ; ' The Great World of London,' 
 1856; 'The Rhine,' 1856; 'The 
 Upper Rhine,' 1858 ; ' The Criminal 
 Prisons of London' (with J. Binny), 
 1862; 'The Boyhood of Martin 
 Luther,' 1863 ; ' German Life and 
 Manners in Saxony,' 1864 ; *The Shops 
 and Companies of London,' 1865 ; 
 ' Young Benjamin Franklin ' [1870] ; 
 'Report concerning . . . Working 
 Men's Clubs ' [1871] ; ' London Char- 
 acters ' (with others), 1874 ; * Mont 
 Blanc ' (with Athol Mayhew ; priv. 
 ptd.), 1874. 
 
 MELVILLE (George John Whyte-). 
 Bee Whyte-Melville. 
 
 MELVILLE (Herman), 1819-1891. 
 Born, in New York City, 1 Aug. 1819. 
 Went to sea, 1836. Schoolmaster, 
 1837-40. To sea again, Jan. 1841. 
 Ran away from ship on Marquesas 
 Islands, 1842. Rescued after four 
 months' captivity among the Typees. 
 For short time clerk at Honolulu. 
 Returned to Boston, 1844. Married 
 Elizabeth Shaw, 4 Aug. 1847. Lived 
 in New York, 1847-50 ; at Pittsville, 
 Mass., 1850-63. Visits to Europe, 
 1849 and 1856. Frequently lectured 
 in America, 1857-60. Returned to 
 New York, 1863. District Officer, 
 New York Custom House, Dec. 1866- 
 86. Died, in New York, 28 Sept. 
 1891. 
 
 Works: 'Typee,' 1846; 'Omoo,' 
 1847; 'Mardi,' 1849; ' Redbnrn,' 
 1849 ; ' White-Jacket ' 1850 ; ' Moby 
 13 
 
194 
 
 MEREDITH— MEUIV ALE 
 
 Dick,' 1851 (English edn., called * The 
 Whale,' same year); 'Pierre,' 1852; 
 •Israel Potter,' 1855 (in 1865 edn. 
 called : * The Refugee ') ; * Piazza 
 Tales,' 1856 ; ' The Confidence Man,' 
 1857 ; * Battle-Pieces,' 1866 ; • Clarel,' 
 1876 ; ♦ John Marr and Other Sailors ' 
 (priv. ptd.), 1888 ; 'Timoleon' (priv. 
 ptd.), 1891. 
 
 MEBEDITH (George), b. 1828. 
 Born, in Hampshire, 12 Feb. 1828. 
 First publication was a poem, * Chil- 
 lianwallah,* in ' Chambers' Journal,' 
 7 July 1849. Active literary life. 
 Lectured on * Comedy ' at London In- 
 stitution, 1 Feb. 1877. Prea. of Soc. 
 of Authors, 1892. Widower. 
 
 Works: 'Poems' [1851]; * The 
 Shaving of Shagpat,' 1856 [1855]; 
 'Farina,' 1857; 'The Ordeal of 
 Richard Feverel,' 1859 ; 'Evan Har- 
 rington' (from ' Once a Week '), 1861 ; 
 ' Modern Love,' 1862 ; ' Mary Bert- 
 rand,' 1862 ; ' Emilia in England,' 
 1864 (in later edns. called ' Sandra 
 Belloni ') ; ' Rhoda Fleming,' 1865 ; 
 * Vittoria ' (from ' Fortnightly Rev.'), 
 1867 ; ' The Adventures of Harry 
 Richmond (from 'Cornhill Mag.'), 
 1871; * Beauchamp's Career' (from 
 'Fortnightly Rev.'), 1876; 'The 
 House on the Beach' (from 'New 
 Quarterly Mag.'), unauthorized edn., 
 New York, 1877 ; ' The Egoist,' 1879 ; 
 'The Tragic Comedians' (from 'Fort- 
 nightly Mag.'), 1881; 'Poems and 
 Lyrics of the Joy of Earth,' 1883 ; 
 ' Diana of the Cross ways ' (enlarged 
 from 'Fortnightly Rev.'), 1885; 
 'Ballads and Poems of Tragic Life,' 
 1887 ; ' A Reading of Earth,' 1888 ; 
 ' The Case of General Ople and Lady 
 Camper' (from 'New Quarterly Mag.'), 
 [New York, 1890] ; 'The Tale of Chloe ' 
 [New York, 1890] ; ' One of our Con- 
 querors ' (from ' Fortnightly Rev.'), 
 1891 ; ' Jump-to-Glory Jane ' (from 
 'Universal Rev.'), 1892; 'The Empty 
 Purse, etc.,' 1892 ; * Lord Ormont and 
 fais Aminta ' (from ' Pall Mall Mag.'), 
 1894 ; • The Tale of Chloe : The House 
 on the Beach : The Case of General 
 Ople and Mrs. Camper,' 1894 ; ' The 
 Amazing Marriage ' (from * Scribner's 
 
 Mag.'), 1895 ; ' An Essay on Comedy,' 
 1897 ; 'Selected Poems,' 1897. 
 Collected Works : 1896, etc. 
 
 MEREDITH (Owen), pseud. See 
 Lytton (E. R. B.), Earl of Lytton. 
 
 MEEIVALE (Charles), Dean of Ely 
 1808-1893, Born, in London, 8 March 
 1808. At Harrow, Jan. 1818 to Dec. 
 1824 ; at Haileybury College, 1825- 
 26. Intention of entering H.E.I.C.'s 
 service given up. Scholar, St. John's 
 Coll., Camb., 1826 ; Browne Medal- 
 list, 1829 ; B.A., 1830 ; M.A., 1833 ; 
 B.D., 1840 ; D.D., 1870. Fellow, St. 
 John's Coll., 1833-48 ; Hon. Fellow, 
 1874. Ordained Deacon, 1833 ; Priest, 
 1834. Select Preacher, Camb., 1838. 
 Whitehall Preacher, 1840. Rector of 
 Lawford, 1848-70. Married Judith 
 Mary Sophia Frere, 2 July 1850. 
 Hulsean Lecturer, Camb., 1862. 
 Chaplain to Speaker, 1863-69. Boyle 
 Lecturer, 1864-65. Hon. D.C.L., 
 Oxford, 13 June 1866. Dean of Ely, 
 1869. D.D., Durham, 1883. Hon. 
 LL.D., Edinburgh, 1884. Died, at 
 Ely, 27 Dec. 1893. 
 
 Works : ' The Church of England a 
 Faithful Witness,' 1839 ; ' Sermons 
 Preached in the Chapel Royal, White- 
 hall,' 1841 ; ' History of the Romans 
 under the Empire' (7 vols.), 1850-62; 
 ' The Fall of the Roman Republic,' 
 1853 ; ' Open Fellowships,' 1858 ; 
 ' The Conversion of the Roman Em- 
 pire,' 1864 ; ' The Conversion of the 
 Northern Nations,' 1866 [1865]; 'The 
 Contrast between Pagan and Christian 
 Society,' 1872; 'General History of 
 Rome,' 1875 ; * Four Lectures on 
 Some Epochs of Early Church His- 
 tory,' 1879 ; ' Herman Merivale, C.B,' 
 [1884]. [Also several separate ser- 
 mons. ] 
 
 He translated : Keats' ' Hyperion ' 
 (into Latin), 1863 ; Homer's ' Iliad,* 
 1869 ; and edited : Sallust's ' Catilina 
 et Jugurtha,' 1852 ; translation of 
 Abeken's ' Account of the Life and 
 Letters of Cicero,' 1854. 
 
 MEBIVALE (Herman Charles), b. 
 1839. Born, in London, 27 Jan. 
 1839. At Harrow, May 1851 to July 
 
MEYNELL— MIDDLETON 
 
 195 
 
 1856. Matric. Balliol Coll., Oxford, 
 26 Jan. 1857 ; B.A., 1861. Student 
 of Inner Temple, 21 March 1860 ; 
 called to Bar, 26 Jan. 1864. Edited 
 ' Time and the Hour,' 1864 ; ' Annual 
 Register,' 1870-80. Gave up legal 
 profession, 1874. Married Elizabeth 
 Pittman, 13 May 1878. Play, ' Son 
 of the Soil,' produced at Court Theatre, 
 1866 ; * All for Her ' (written with 
 Palgrave Simpson) Mirror [afterwards 
 Holborn] Theatre, 1875 ; 'Forget-me- 
 not ' (with F. C. Grove), Lyceum, 
 21 Aug. 1879 ; 'The Cynic,' Theatre 
 Royal, Manchester, 19 Nov. 1881, 
 Globe Theatre, London, 14 Jan. 1882; 
 * Fedora ' (adapted from Sardou), Hay- 
 market, 5 May 1883; 'Our Joan' 
 (with his wife), 1883; 'The White 
 Pilgrim,' Wallack's Theatre, New 
 York, 1883 ; ' The Whip Hand ' (with 
 his wife), Cambridge, 1884 ; * The 
 Butler ' (with his wife), Toole's 
 Theatre, 6 Dec. 1886 ; 'Civil War' 
 (adaptation). Gaiety, 27 June 1887 ; 
 'The Don' (with his wife), Toole's 
 Theatre, 7 March 1888 ; 'Ravenswood,' 
 Lyceum, 20 Sept, 1890 ; 'The Queen's 
 Proctor ' (adaptation), Royalty, 2 June 
 1896. 
 
 Works : ' The White Pilgrim ' (priv. 
 ptd.), 1874 ; 'Faucit of BalUol,' 1882 ; 
 'The White PUgrim, and Other 
 Poems,' 1883 ; 'Binko's Blues,' 1884; 
 'Florien,' 1884; 'Life of W. M. 
 Thackeray (with F. T. Marzials), 1891. 
 [Also various plays printed in ' Lacy's 
 Acting Edition of Plays,' vols. 97, 
 100, 103, 113, 115.] 
 
 MEYNELL {Mrs. Alice Christiana). 
 Born in London. Youngest daughter 
 of the late Mr. T. J. Thompson. Youth 
 spent in Italy. Educated by her 
 father. Married Wilfrid Meynell, 
 1877. Has resided chiefly in London. 
 
 Works: 'Preludes,' 1875; 'The 
 Poor Sisters of Nazareth' [1889]; 
 ♦Poems,' 1893; 'The Rhythm of 
 Life,' 1893 ; 'The Colour of Life,' 1896 ; 
 *The Children,' 1897 [1896]; «The 
 Flower of the Mind,' 1897. 
 
 She has translated : Barbe's 
 •Lourdes' [1894]; and edited: Se- 
 lected Poems of T. G. Hake, 1894 ; 
 
 ' Poetry of Pathos and Delight,' from 
 Coventry Patmore'a works, 1896. 
 
 MIDDLETON (Conyers), 1683-1750. 
 Born, in Yorkshire, 27 Dec. 1683. 
 Matric, Trin. Coll., Camb., 19 Jan. 
 1700 ; B.A., 1703 ; Fellow, 1706-10 ; 
 M.A., 1707 ; D.D., 1717. Ordained 
 Curate of Trumpington. Married 
 (i.) Mrs. Sarah Drake, 1710. Rector of 
 Coveney. Tried for libel on Bentley, 
 1721 and 1723. ' ProtobibUothecarius' 
 of University Library, Dec. 1721. In 
 Italy, 1724-25. Wife died, 19 Feb. 
 1731. Woodwardian Professor, Cam- 
 bridge, 1731-34. Married (ii.) Mary 
 Conyers Place, 1734. She died, 26 
 April 1745. Rector of Hascombe, 
 Surrey, March 1747. Married (iii.) 
 Anne Powell. Died, at Hildersham, 
 28 July 1750. 
 
 Works : ' A Full and Impartial Ac- 
 count of all the late Proceedings . . . 
 against Dr. Bentley' (anon.), 1719; 
 'Second Part ' of same (anon.), 1719 ; 
 
 * Some Remarks upon a Pamphlet en- 
 titled " The Case of Dr. Bentley Fur- 
 ther Stated'" (anon.), 1719; 'A 
 True Account of the Present State of 
 Trinity College ' (anon.), 1719 ; ' Re- 
 marks . . . upon the Proposals lately 
 published by Richard Bentley for a 
 New Edition of the Greek Testament ' 
 (anon.), 1721 (3rd edn. same year); 
 ' Some Further Remarks ' on the same, 
 1721 ; ' Bibliothecae Cantabrigiensia 
 Ordinandae Methodus,' 1723; * De 
 Medicorum apud Veteres Romanoa 
 degentium Conditione,' 1726; 'Dis- 
 sertationis . . . contra anonymos quos- 
 dam . . . auctores Defensio,' 1727 ; 'A 
 Letter from Rome,' 1729 ; * A Letter 
 to Dr. Waterland' (anon.), 1731 ; 'A 
 Defence ' of same (anon.), 1731 ; 
 
 * Some Further Remarks on a Reply 
 to the Defence of the Letter to Dr. 
 Waterland ' (anon.), 1732 ; ' Oratio 
 de novo Physiologiae explicandse mun- 
 ere,' 1732 ; * Remarks on some Ob- 
 servations addressed to the Author of 
 the Letter to Dr. Waterland ' (anon.), 
 1733 ; ' A Dissertation concerning the 
 Origin of Printing in England,' 1735; 
 ' The History of the Life of Marcus 
 TuUius Cicero' (2 vols.), 1741 (3rd 
 
 13-2 
 
196 
 
 MIDDLETON— MILL 
 
 edn. same year) ; * Germana quae- 
 dam antiquitatis eruditse Monu- 
 menta,' 1745 ; ' A Treatise on the 
 Roman Senate,' 1747 ; 'An Introduc- 
 tory Discourse to a larger work . . . 
 concerning the Miraculous Powers 
 which are supposed to have subsisted 
 in the Christian Church ' (anon. ), 
 1747 {2Dd edn. same year) ; * Remarks 
 on two Pamphlets ' concerning same 
 (anon. ), 1748 ; ' A Free Inquiry into 
 the Miraculous Powers, etc.,' 1749 ; 
 ' An Examination of the Lord Bishop 
 of London's Discourses concerning 
 the Use and Intent of Prophecy,' 
 1750. 
 
 Posthumous : ' A Vindication of the 
 Free Inquiry,' 1751 ; ' Dissertationis 
 de servili medicorum conditione,' ed. 
 by W. Heberden, 1761. 
 
 He translated : ' The Epistles of 
 M. T. Cicero to II. Brutus,' etc., 
 1743. 
 
 Collected Works : * Miscellaneous 
 Works' (4 vols.), 1752. 
 
 MIDDLETON (Thomas), 1570[1]- 
 1627. Born, in London, 1570 [?]. 
 Student at Gray's Inn, 1593 [?]. 
 Began to write plays about 1600. 
 Wrote a number of plays and masques. 
 Married (i.) Mary Morbeck, 1603 [?]. 
 After her death he married (ii.) Mag- 
 dalen , 1627 [?]. Appointed City 
 
 Chronologer, 6 Sept. 1620. Died, at 
 Newington Butts, July 1627 ; buried 
 in parish church, 4 July. 
 
 Works : * The Wisdom of Solomon 
 Paraphrased,' 1597; ' Microcynion ' 
 (under initials : T. M. ; attrib. to 
 Middleton), 1559 ; * Master Constable 
 Blurt' (anon.), 1602; 'The Blacke 
 Booke ' (under initials : T. M. ; attrib. 
 to Middleton), 1604 ; ' Father Hub- 
 burd's Tales ' (under pseud. ; * Oliver 
 Hubburd '), 1604; 'Michaelmas Terme' 
 (anon.) 1607 ; 'The Phoenix' (anon.), 
 1607 ; *A Trick to Catch the Old- 
 One ' (under initials : T. M.), 1608 ; 
 • The Famelie of Love ' (anon. ), 1608 ; 
 ' Your Five Gallants ' [1608] ; ' A 
 Mad World, my Masters ' (under 
 initials: T. M.), 1608; 'Sir Robert 
 Sherley,' 1609 ; 'The Roaring Girle' 
 (with bekker), 1611 ; ' The Triumphs 
 
 of Truth,' 1613; 'Civitatis Amor' 
 (anon.), 1616; 'The Tryimiphs of 
 Honor and Industry ' (under initials : 
 T. M.), 1617; 'AFaire Quarrel!' 
 (with Rowley), 1617; 'The Peace- 
 maker ' (anon. ; attrib. to Middleton), 
 
 1618 ; ' The Inner Temple Masque,' 
 
 1619 ; ' The Triumphs of Love and 
 Antiquity,' 1619 ; ' The World Tost 
 at Tennis ' (with Rowley), 1620 ; 
 ' The Sunne in Aries,' 1621 ; ' The 
 Triumphs of Honor and Virtue,' 1622 ; 
 'The Triumphs of Integrity,' 1623 ; 
 'A Game at Chess' (anon. [1624], 
 3rd. edn. same year) ; ' The Triumphs 
 of Health and Prosperity,' 1626. 
 
 Posthumous : ' A Chast Mayd in 
 Cheape-side,' 1630; 'The Widdow* 
 (with Jonson and Fletcher), 1652 ; 
 ' The Changeling ' (with Rowley), 
 1653; 'The Spanish Gipsie' (with 
 Rowley), 1653 ; ' The Old Law ' (with 
 Massinger and Rowley), 1656 ; ' No 
 Wit, No Help like a Woman's,' 1657 ; 
 * Two new playes ; viz.. More Dissem- 
 blers besides Women ' ; ' Women Be- 
 ware Women,' 1657 ; 'The Mayor of 
 Quinborough,' 1661 ; ' Anything for 
 a Quiet Life,' 1662; 'The Witch,' 
 1778. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by Dyce, 
 1840 ; by A. H. BuUen, 1885-86. 
 
 MILL (James), 1773-1836. Born, 
 at Northwater Bridge, Forfarshire, 6 
 April 1773. Educated at Parish 
 School ; and at Montrose Academy, 
 Friendship with Hume begun at 
 latter. Tutor for some time to the 
 daughter of Sir James Stuart. To 
 Edinburgh Univ., 1790. Licensed to 
 preach, 4 Oct. 1798. To London, 
 1802. Contrib. to ' Anti-Jacobin Re- 
 view,' 1802 ; and other periodicals. 
 Edited 'The Literary Journal,' 1802- 
 06 ; edited ' St. James's Chronicle,' 
 1805-08[?]. Married Harriet Burrow, 
 6 June 1805. Contrib. to 'British 
 Rev.,' 'Monthly Rev.,' 'Eclectic Rev.' ; 
 to * Edinburgh Rev.,' 1808-13 ; to 
 'The Philanthropist,' 1811-17. Friend- 
 ship with Bentham begun, 1808 ; with 
 Ricardo, 1811. Assistant to Examiner 
 of India Correspondence, India House, 
 May 1819 ; Second Assistant, April 
 
MILL 
 
 W 
 
 1821 ; Assistant Examiner, April 
 1823 ; Examiner, Dec. 1830. Contrlb. 
 to 'Encycl. Brit.,' 1816-23. Political 
 Economy Club founded, 1820. Helped 
 to found * Westminster Rev.,' 1824 ; 
 frequent contributor, 1824-29. One 
 of founders of London University ; 
 member of original Council, 1825. 
 Contrib. to 'London Rev.,' 1835-36. 
 Died, in London, 23 June 1836. 
 Buried in Kensington Church. 
 
 Works : ' Essay on the Impolicy of 
 a Bounty on the Exportation of Grain' 
 (anon.), 1804 ; 'Commerce Defended,' 
 1808 ; ' History of British India ' (3 
 vols.), 1817 ; 'Elements of Political 
 Economy,' 1821 ; ' Essays ' (priv. ptd.), 
 [1825?] ; ' Analysis of the Phenomena 
 of the Human Mind,' 1829 ; 'Onlthe 
 Ballot' (anon.), [1830]; 'Fragment 
 on Mackintosh ' (anon.), 1835. 
 
 Posthumous: 'The Principles of 
 Toleration,' 1837. 
 
 He translated: C. F. D. De Vil- 
 liers' 'Essay on the Spirit and in- 
 fluence of the Reformation,* 1805. 
 
 Life: by Prof. Bain, 1882. 
 
 MILL (John Stuart), 1806-1873. 
 [Eldest son of preceding.] Born, in 
 London, 20 May 1806. Educated by 
 his father. In France, May 1820 
 to July 1821. On return studied for 
 Bar for short time, till appointment 
 as Junior Clerk in Examiner's OflBce, 
 India House, May 1823 ; Assistant 
 Examiner, 1828 ; First Assistant, 
 1836 ; Head of Office, 1856. Founded 
 Utilitarian Soc, winter of 1822. 
 Contrib. to ' Traveller,' 1822 ; to 
 
 * Morning Chronicle,' 1823 ; to * West- 
 minster Rev.,' 1824-28, 1835-38, 1864; 
 to 'Parliamentary Hist, and Rev.,' 
 1826-28. Founded Speculative Soc, 
 1825. In Paris, 1830. Contrib. to 
 'Examiner' and 'Monthly Rev.,' 
 1831-34; to 'Tait's Mag.,' 1832; to 
 
 * Monthly Repository,' 1834 ; and to 
 ' Jurist.' Editor ' London Rev.,' after- 
 wards 'Westminster Rev.,' 1834-40. 
 Friendship with Mrs. Taylor begun, 
 1850 ; married her, April 1851. Pro- 
 prietor of * Westminster Rev.,' 1837- 
 40. Severe illness, 1839. Corres- 
 pondence with Comte, 1841-46. Con- 
 
 trib. to 'Edinburgh Rev.,' 1845-46, 
 1863. Severe ilhiess, 1854. Retired 
 from India House, 1858. In South 
 of France, winter of 1858-59 ; wife 
 died, at Avignon. For remainder of 
 life spent half the year at Blackheath, 
 half at Avignon. Contrib. articles on 
 'Utilitarianism' to 'Eraser's Mag.,' 
 1861. M.P. for Westminster, 1865- 
 68. Lord Rector of St. Andrew's 
 Univ., 1866. Died, at Avignon, 
 8 May 1873 ; buried there. 
 
 Works : ' A System of Logic ' (2 
 vols.), 1843; 'Essays on some Un- 
 settled Questions of Political Eco- 
 nomy,' 1844 ; 'Principles of Political 
 Economy' (2 vols.), 1848; 'Memor- 
 andum on the Improvements in the 
 Administration of India during the 
 last Thirty Years ' (anon.), 1858 ; ' On 
 Liberty,' 1859 ; * Thoughts on Parlia- 
 mentary Reform,' 1859 (2nd edn. same 
 year) ; 'Dissertations and Discussions ' 
 (4 vols.), 1859-75 ; ' Considerations on 
 Representative Government,' 1861 
 (2nd edn. same year) ; 'Utilitarianism' 
 (from 'Eraser's Mag.'), 1863; 'Ex- 
 amination of Sir William Hamilton's 
 Philosophy,' 1865 (2nd edn. fame year) ; 
 ' Auguste Comte and Positivism ' 
 (from ' Westminster Rev.'), 1865 ; 
 ' Inaugural Address ' at Univ. of St. 
 Andrew's, 1867 ; * Speech on the Ad- 
 mission of Women to the Electoral 
 Franchise,' 1867 ; ' England and 
 Ireland,' 1868 ; * The Subjection of 
 Women,' 1869 (2nd edn. same year) ; 
 ' Chapters and Speeches on the Irish 
 Land Question,' 1870 ; ' Speech in 
 favour of Woman's Sufifrage,' 1871. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Autobiography,' ed. 
 by Miss Taylor, 1873-74 ; ' Nature ; 
 the Utility of Religion ; and Theism,' 
 ed. by Miss Taylor, 1874 (2nd edn. 
 same year) ; ' Views ... on Eng- 
 land's Danger through the Suppres- 
 sion of her Maritime Power,' 1874 ; 
 •Early Essays,* ed. by J. W. M. 
 Gibbs, 1897. 
 
 He edited: Bentham's 'Rationale 
 of Judicial Evidence,' 1827 ; and the 
 1869 edn. of James Mill's 'Analysis 
 of the Phenomena of the Human 
 Mind.' 
 
 Life : * Autobiography,' 1873 ; ' Cri- 
 
198 
 
 MILLER— MILMAN 
 
 ticism, with Personal Recollections,' 
 by Prof. Bain, 1882 ; ' Life,' by W. L. 
 Courtney, 1889. 
 
 MILLER (Hugh), 1802-1856. Born, 
 at Cromarty, 10 Oct. 1802. At school 
 at Cromarty. Apprenticed to stone- 
 mason, 1819-22. Journeyman mason, 
 1822-34. Contrib. to * Inverness 
 Courier,' 1829. Accountant in Com- 
 mercial Bank, Cromarty, 1834 to Dec. 
 1839. Married Lydia Falconer Eraser, 
 7 Jan. 1837. To Edinburgh, Dec. 
 1839. Editor of ' The Witness,' Jan. 
 1840 ; part proprietor, 1845. Visit 
 to England, 1845. Brain gave way 
 suddenly under severe illness ; com- 
 mitted suicide, at Shrub Mount, 
 near Edinburgh, 23 Dec. 1856. Buried 
 in Grange Cemetery. 
 
 Works : * Poems written in the 
 Leisure Hours of a Journeyman 
 Mason' (anon.), 1829; 'Letters on 
 the Herring Fishery ' (anon. ; from 
 'Inverness Courier'), 1829; 'Words 
 of Warning to the People of Scotland,' 
 1834 [?] ; ' Scenes and Legends of the 
 North of Scotland,' 1835 ; ' Letter. . . 
 to Lord Brougham,' 1839 ; ' Memoir 
 of William Forsyth,' 1839 ; ' The 
 Whiggism of the Old School,' 1839 ; 
 
 • The Old Red Sandstone ' (from ' The 
 Witness'), 1841 ; 'The Two Parties 
 in the Church of Scotland,' 1841 ; 
 •The Two Mr. Clarks' (anon.), 1843 ; 
 
 • Sutherland as it was and is ' (anon.), 
 1843; 'The Riots in Ross' (anon.), 
 1843 ; ' Sutherland and the Suther- 
 landers' (anon.), 1844; 'First Im- 
 pressions of England and its People,' 
 1847; 'Footprints of the Creator,' 
 1849 ; ' Thoughts on the Educational 
 Question,' 1850; 'My Schools and 
 Schoolmasters,' 1852; 'The Fossi- 
 liferous Deposits of Scotland,' 1854 ; 
 'Geology versus Astronomy' [1855]; 
 
 • Strange but True ' [1856]. ■< 
 
 Posthumous : ' The Testimony of 
 the Rocks,' 1857 ; ' The Cruise of the 
 Betsy,' ed. by W. S. Symonds, 1858 ; 
 'Sketchbook of Popular Geology,' ed. 
 by his wife, 1859 ; ' The Headship of 
 Christ,' 1861; 'Essays,' ed. by P. 
 Bayne, 1862 ; ' Tales and Sketches,' 
 ed. by his wife, 1863; 'Edinburgh 
 
 and its Neighbourhood,' ed. by his 
 wife, 1864 ; ' Leading Articles on 
 Various Subjects,' ed. by J. David- 
 son, 1870. 
 
 He edited : ' Sermons for Sabbath 
 Evenings,' 1848. 
 
 Life : ' Life and Letters,' by P. 
 Bayne, 1871. 
 
 MILMAN (Henry Hart), Dean of 
 St. Paul's, 1791-1868. Bom, in 
 London, 10 Feb. 1791. At school at 
 Greenwich and Eton. Matric. Brase- 
 nose Coll., Oxford, 25 May 1810 ; 
 Newdigate Prize Poem, 1812 ; Chan- 
 cellor's Latin Verse Prize, 1813 ; 
 B.A., 1814 ; Fellow of B.N.C., 1814- 
 19; M.A., 1816; Chancellor's Eng- 
 lish Essay Prize, 1816 ; Chancellor's 
 Latin Essay Prize, 1816. Ordained 
 Deacon, 1816 ; Priest, 1816. Vicar 
 of St. Mary's, Reading, 1817-35. Play 
 ' Fazio ' (originally produced at Surrey 
 Theatre under title of 'The Italian 
 Wife ') performed at Covent Garden, 
 5 Feb. 1818. Frequent contributor 
 to 'Quarterly Rev.' Prof, of Poetry, 
 Oxford, 1821-31. Married Mary Ann 
 Cockell, 11 March 1824. Bampton 
 Lecturer, 1827. Canon of Westminster 
 and Rector of St. Margaret's, West- 
 minster, 1835-49. Dean of St. Paul's, 
 1849. B.D. and D.D., Oxford, 1849. 
 Died, near Ascot, 24 Sept. 1868. 
 Buried in St. Paul's Cathedral, 
 
 Works: *The Belvidere Apollo,' 
 1812; 'Alexander tumulum Achillis 
 invisens,' 1813; 'Fazio,' 1815; 'A 
 Comparative Estimate of Sculpture 
 and Painting' (priv. ptd.), 1816 ; 'In 
 historia scribenda qusenam praecipua 
 inter auctores veteres et novos sit dif- 
 ferentia V (priv. ptd.), 1816 ; ' Samor,' 
 1818 (2nd edn. same year); 'The 
 Fall of Jerusalem,' 1820 (2nd edn. 
 same year) ; ' The Martyr of Antioch,* 
 1822; ' Belshazzar,' 1822; 'Anne 
 Boleyn,' 1826 ; ' The Character and 
 Conduct of the Apostles' (Bampton 
 Lectures), 1827; 'History of the 
 Jews ' (anon. ), 1829 ; ' Life of Edward 
 Gibbon,' 1839; 'Poetical Works,' 
 1839; 'History of Christianity from 
 the Birth of Christ to the Abolition 
 of Paganism in the Roman Empire ' 
 
MILNES— MILTON 
 
 199 
 
 (3 vols.), 1840; 'History of Latin 
 Christianity ... to the Pontificate 
 of Pope Nicholas V.' (6 vols.), 1855 ; 
 * A Memoir of Lord Macaulay,' 1862 
 (2nd edn. same year) ; ' Hebrew Pro- 
 phecy,' 1865. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Annals of St. Paul's 
 Cathedral,' ed. by A. Milman, 1868 ; 
 'Savonarola, Erasmus, and other 
 essays,' ed. by A. Milman, 1870. 
 
 He translate : ' Nala and Dama- 
 yanti' (with H. H. Wilson), 1835; 
 Horace's ' Works,' 1849 ; Sophocles' 
 ' Agamemnon,' 1865 ; Euripides' 
 ' Bacchae,' 1865 ; and edited : Gibbons' 
 ' Hist, of Decline and Fall of Roman 
 Empire,' 1838-39. 
 
 MILNES (B. Uonckton). See 
 Houghton. 
 
 MILTON (John), 1608-1674. Bom, 
 in London, 9 Dec. 1608. At St. 
 Paul's School, 1620 [?]-25. Pensioner 
 of Christ's Coll., Camb., 12 Feb. 1625 ; 
 matric. 9 April 1625 ; B.A., 26 March 
 1629; M.A., 3 July 1632. Lived 
 with his father at Horton, Bucks., 
 July 1632 to April 1638. Travelled 
 on continent, April 1638 to July 1639. 
 On his return, settled in London and 
 took pupils. Took active part in eccle- 
 siastical controversy, 1641-42. Mar- 
 ried (i.) Mary Powell, May [?] 1643 ; 
 separated from her shortly afterwards ; 
 reconciled, 1645. Latin Secretary to 
 Council of State, March 1649. Be- 
 came blind, 1650. Wife died, 1652. 
 Married (ii.) Catharine Woodcock, 12 
 Nov. 1656 ; she died, Feb. 1658. At 
 Restoration, was arrested for treason- 
 able publications, summer of 1660 ; re- 
 leased soon afterwards. Married (iii.) 
 Elizabeth MinshuU, 24 Feb. 1663. 
 Died, in London, 8 Nov. 1674. Buried 
 in St. Giles's, Cripplegate. 
 
 Works : * A Masque [' Comus '] 
 presented at Ludlow Castle ' (anon. ), 
 1637 ; * Lycidas ' in ' Justa Edouardo 
 King Naufrago,' 1638 ; ' Of Reforma- 
 tion touching Church Discipline in 
 England' (anon.), 1641; 'Of Pre- 
 latical Episcopacy' (anon.), 1641; 
 'Animadversions upon the Remon- 
 strant's Defence against Smectym- 
 nuus ' (anon.), 1641 ; ' The Archbishop 
 
 of Canterburie's Dream' (anon.), 1641 ; 
 ' The Reason of Church Government 
 urged against Prelaty,' 1641; 'Ty- 
 rannicall Government anatomized ' 
 (anon.), 1642; 'An Apology against 
 . . . "A Modest Confutation of the 
 Animadversions'" (anon.), 1642; 
 'News from Hell' (anon.), 1642; 
 'The Doctrine and Discipline of 
 Divorce' (anon.), 1643; 'Of Educa- 
 tion' (anon.), [1644] ; ' Areopagitica,' 
 1644 ; ♦ Tetrachordon,' 1645 ; 'Colas- 
 terion ' (anon.), 1645 ; * Poems,' 1646 ; 
 ' The Tenure of Kings and Magis- 
 trates ' (under initials : J. M.), 1649 ; 
 ' Observations on the Articles of 
 Peace,' 1649 ; * 'EiKovoKXatTTrje ' 
 (anon.), 1649; 'The Grand Case of 
 Conscience . . . stated ' (anon.), 1650 ; 
 'Pro Populo Anglicano Defensio,* 
 1650 ; 'The Life and Reign of King 
 Charles' (anon.), 1651; 'A Letter 
 written to a Gentleman in the 
 Country,' 1653 ; 'Pro Populo Angli- 
 cano Defensio Secunda,' 1654 ; * Pro se 
 Defensio contra Alexandrum Morum,' 
 1655 ; 'Scriptum Domini Protectoris 
 . . . contra Hispanos,' 1655; 'A 
 Treatise of Civil Power in Ecclesias- 
 tical Causes,' 1659 ; ' Considerations 
 touching the likeliest means to remove 
 Hirelings out of the Church,' 1659 ; 
 ' The Ready and Easy Way to Estab- 
 lish a Free Commonwealth ' (anon. ), 
 1659 ; • Brief Notes upon a late 
 Sermon ... by Matthew GriflBth,' 
 1660; 'Paradise Lost,' 1667; 'Acci- 
 dence commenc't Grammar ' (anon. ), 
 
 1669 ; ' The History of Britain,' 1670 ; 
 ' Artia Logicse Plenior Institutio,' 
 
 1670 ; ' Paradise Regained. . . To 
 which is added "Samson Agonistes,"' 
 
 1671 ; * Poems, etc., upon several 
 Occasions,' 1673 ; * Of True Religion, 
 etc' (under initials : J. M.), 1673 ; 
 ' Epistolarum Familiarum liber unus,' 
 1674. 
 
 Posthumous : * Liter® Pseud o- 
 Senatus Anglican!,' 1676 ; ' Character 
 of the Long Parliament ' (possibly 
 spurious), 1681 ; 'A Brief History of 
 Moscovia,' 1682 ; ' De Doctrina Chris- 
 tiana libri duo posthumi,' 1825. 
 
 He translated : Martin Bucer's 
 I ' Judgment concerning Divorce,' 1644 j 
 
200 
 
 MINTO— MITFORD 
 
 ' A Declaration or Letters Patent of 
 the Election of this present King of 
 Poland' (anon.), 1674; and edited: 
 Raleigh's 'Cabinet Council,' 1658. 
 
 Collected Works : in 8 vols., ed. by 
 J. Mitford, 1851. 
 
 Life : by Prof. Masson (6 vols.), 
 1859-80. 
 
 MIKTO (William), 1845 - 1893. 
 Born, at Nether Auchintoul, Aber- 
 deenshire, 10 Oct. 1845. At schools 
 at Gallowhill, Tough, Bruckhills, 
 Fisherford, and Huntly. To Aber- 
 deen University, 1861 ; M.A., 1865. 
 Attended Divinity Hall, 1865*- 66. 
 Matric. Merton Coll., Oxford, 18 Oct. 
 1866 ; left, without degree, 1867. 
 Returned to Aberdeen. Assisted Prof, 
 of Nat. Philosophy, Nov. to Dec, 
 1867. Afterwards assisted Prof, of 
 Logic and Eng. Lit. Examiner in 
 Mental Philosophy, Aberdeen, 1872. 
 Engaged in literary work. To London, 
 1873. Joined staff of * Examiner,' 
 1873 ; Editor, 1874-78. Afterwards 
 on staff of ' Daily News ' (from 1880) 
 and 'Pall Mall Gaz.' Contrib. to 
 * Encycl. Brit.,' and various periodicals. 
 Married Cornelia Griffiths, 8 Jan. 
 1880. Edited 'London Opinion,' 
 1880. Prof, of Logfc and Eng. Lit., 
 Aberdeen, 1880. Ill -health from 
 1891. Died, 1 March 1893. 
 
 Works : * Manual of English Prose 
 Literature,' 1872 ; ' Characteristics of 
 English Poets from Chaucer to Shirley,' 
 1874; 'Daniel Defoe,' 1879; 'The 
 Crack of Doom,' 1886 ; ' The Media- 
 tion of Ralph Hardelot,' 1888 ; « Was 
 she good or bad ?' 1889. 
 
 Posthumous : * Logic, Inductive 
 and Deductive,' 1893; 'Plain Prin- 
 ciples of Prose Composition,' 1893 ; 
 ' The Literature of the Georgian Era,' 
 ed. by W. Knight, 1894. 
 
 He edited : Scott's ' Lay of the Last 
 Minstrel,' 1882; Scott's 'Poetical 
 Works,' 1888, and ' Lady of the Lake,' 
 1891 ; W. Bell Scott's 'Autobio- 
 graphical Notes,' 1892. 
 
 MITFOED (Mary Eussell), 1787- 
 1855. Born, at Alresford, Hampshire, 
 16 Dec. 1787. At school in London, 
 
 1798-1802. Precocious literary ability. 
 Lived with her parents at Reading, 
 1802-20. They removed to Three 
 Mile Cross, near Reading, April 1820 ; 
 she lived there till 1851. Contrib. 
 * Our Village ' to * Lady's Mag. ' from 
 1819. Play 'Julian' produced at 
 Co vent Garden, 15 March 1823; 
 ' Foscari,' Covent Garden, 4 Nov. 
 1826; 'Rienzi,' Drury Lane, 9 Oct. 
 I 1828 ; 'Charles I.,' Victoria Theatre, 
 ; July 1834 ; libretto of opera ' Sadak 
 and Kalascade,' Lyceum Theatre, 20 
 April 1835. Contributed to various 
 periodicals. Friendship with Mrs. 
 Browning begun, 1836. Civil List 
 Pension, 1837. Edited 'Finden's 
 Tableaux,' 1838-41. Removed to 
 Swallowfield, near Reading, 1851. 
 Died there, 10 Jan. 1855. Buried in 
 village churchyard. 
 
 Works : ' Miscellaneous Poems,' 
 1810; 'Christina,' 1811; 'Watling- 
 ton Hill,' 1812 ; ' Blanche of Castile,' 
 1812 ; ' Narrative Poems on the 
 Female Character,' 1813; 'Julian,' 
 1823 (3rd edn. same year) ; 'Our 
 Village,' vol. i., 1824 ; vol. ii., 1826 ; 
 vol, iii., 1828 ; vol. iv., 1830 ; vol. v., 
 1832 (complete, 1843) ; ' Foscari,' 
 1826 ; ' Dramatic Scenes, Sonnets and 
 other Poems,' 1827; 'Rienzi,' 1828 
 (4th edn. same year); 'Stories of 
 American Life,' 1830; 'The Sister's 
 Budget' (anon.), 1831; 'American 
 Stories for Children,' 1832 ; ' Charles 
 the First,' 1834 ; 'Belford Regis,' 
 1835 ; ' Sadak and Kalascade ' [1835] ; 
 'Country Stories,' 1837; 'Works' 
 (Philadelphia), 1841 ; 'Recollections 
 of a Literary Life' (3 vols.), 1852; 
 ' Atherton,' 1854 ; 'Dramatic Works' 
 (2 vols.), 1854. 
 
 Posthumous : * Life ... in a selec- 
 tion from her Letters,' ed. by A. G. 
 L'Estrange (3 vols.), 1870 [1869]; 
 'Letters . , . Second series,' ed. by 
 H. Chorley(2 vols.), 1872. 
 
 She edited : ' Stories of American 
 Life,' 1830 ; ' Lights and Shadows of 
 American Life,' 1832; 'Tales for 
 Young People . . . selected from 
 American Writers,' 1835; 'Frag- 
 ments des OSuvres d' A. Dumas,' 
 1845. 
 
MONTAGU— MOORE 
 
 201 
 
 MONTAGU {Lady Mary Wortley), 
 1689-1762. Born [Mary Pierrepont; 
 Lady Mary in 1690, when her father 
 became Earl of Kingston], in London, 
 1689 ; baptized, 26 May. Early taste 
 for literature. Married to Edward 
 Wortley Montagu, 12 Aug. 1712. In 
 favour at Court. Friendship with 
 Pope begun. In Vienna with her 
 husband (appointed Ambassador to 
 the Porte), Sept. 1716 to Jan. 1717 ; 
 in Constantinople, May 1717 to June 
 1718. Returned to England, Oct. 
 1718. Estrangement from Pope, 1722. 
 Lived abroad, apart from husband, 
 July 1739-1762. Died, in England, 
 21 Aug. 1762. 
 
 Works : * Court Poems ' (anon. ; 
 surreptitiously published), 1716 (mis- 
 dated 1706 on title-page) ; authorised 
 edn., as * Six Town Eclogues ' (under 
 initials : Rt. Hon. L. M. W. M.), 1747. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Letters of Lady 
 
 M yW yM e' (3 vols.), 
 
 1763 ; • Poetical Works of the Right 
 
 Hon. Lady M y W y M e,' 
 
 1781. 
 
 Collected works: 'Works,' ed. by 
 J. Dallaway (5 vols.), 1803 ; * Letters 
 and Works,' third edn., ed. by W. 
 Moy Thomas, with memoir (2 vols.), 
 1861. 
 
 MONTGOMERY (James), 1771- 
 1854. Bom, at Irvine, Ayrshire, 4 
 Nov. 1771. To Moravian school at 
 Eulneck, near Leeds, 1777-87. Worked 
 as shop-assistant, 1787-92. Clerk in 
 oflfice of 'SheflBeld Register' (after- 
 wards • Sheffield Iris '), April 1792 ; 
 editor, 1794 ; proprietor, 1795-1825. 
 Imprisoned in York Castle for libel, 
 Jan. to April 1795, and Jan. to July 
 1796. Contrib. to 'Eclectic Rev,,' 
 and other periodicals. Prolific writer 
 of poetry. Lectured on Poetry at 
 Royal Institution, 1830 and 1831. 
 Crown Pension, 1835. Unmarried. 
 Died, in Sheffield, 30 April 1854. 
 Buried in Sheffield Cemetery. 
 
 Works : • Prison Amusements ' 
 (under initials : J. M.), 1797 ; * The 
 Whisperer' (under pseud. 'Gabriel 
 Silvertongue '), 1798; 'The Ocean,' 
 1805; 'The Wanderer of Switzer- 
 
 land,' 1806 ; ' Poems on the abolition 
 of the Slave Trade ' (with J. Grahame 
 and E. Benger), 1809; 'The West 
 Indies,* 1810 ; ' The World before the 
 Flood,' 1813 ; ' Verses to the Memory 
 of the late Richard Reynolds,' 1817 ; 
 ' Greenland,' 1819 ; ' Songs of Zion,' 
 1822 ; ' The Chimney - Sweeper's 
 Friend,' 1824; 'Prose by a Poet' 
 (anon.), 1824 ; ' The Christian Psalm- 
 ist,' 1825 ; ' The Pelican Island,' 1826 ; 
 
 * The Christian Poet,' 1827 (2nd edn. 
 same year) ; 'An African Valley,' 
 1828 ; ' An Essay on the Phrenology 
 of the Hindoos and Negroes,' 1829 ; 
 
 * Verses in commemoration of ... J. 
 Hervey,' 1833 ; 'Lectures on Poetry,' 
 1833; 'A Poet's Portfolio,' 1835; 
 'Hymns for the opening of Christ 
 Church, Newark on Trent,' 1837; 
 ' Our Saviour's Miracles,' 1840 ; 
 
 * Poetical Works,' 1841 ; ' Original 
 Hymns,' 1853. 
 
 He edited: Cowper's 'Poems,' 1824 ; 
 ' Journal of Voyages and Travels, by 
 the Rev. D. Tyerman and G. Bennet,' 
 1831 ; ' The Christian Correspondent,' 
 1837; Milton's 'Poetical Works,' 
 1843 ; 'Gleanings from Pious Authors,* 
 1850. 
 
 Life : * Memoirs,' by J. Holland 
 and J. Everett (7 vols.), 1854-56. 
 
 MOOBE (Thomas), 1779-1852. Born, 
 in Dublin, 28 May 1779. At school 
 in Dublin. Contrib. verses to ' An- 
 thologia Hibemica,' 1793. To Trin. 
 Coll., Dublin, 1794; B.A., 1798 [or 
 1799 ?]. Student at Middle Temple, 
 1799. Admiralty Registrar at Ber- 
 muda, Aug. 1803. Left deputy in 
 office and removed to New York, 1804 ; 
 travelled in U.S.A. Returned to 
 London, Nov. 1804. Contrib. to 
 'Edinburgh Rev.' from 1806. Mar- 
 ried Bessie Dyke, 25 March 1811. 
 Settled near Ashbourne. Friendship 
 with Byron begun, 1811. Visit to 
 Paris, 1817. His deputy at Bermuda 
 proved defaulter for £6,000, 1818. In 
 Paris and Italy, 1819-22. Returned 
 to England, April 1822 ; debt) to Ad- 
 miralty reduced to £1,000, and paid 
 by Lord Lansdowne's help. Settled 
 in Wiltshire again, Nov. 1822. Literary 
 
202 
 
 MORE 
 
 Fund Pension, 1835 ; Civil List Pen- 
 Bion, 1850. Died, 25 Feb. 1852. 
 Buried at Bromham. 
 
 Works: 'The Poetical Works of 
 the late Thomas Little ' (pseud.), 1801 ; 
 ' Epistles, Odes, and other poems,' 
 1806 ; ' Irish Melodies ' (10 nos.), 
 1807-34 ; 'Corruption and Intolerance' 
 (anon.), 1808 ; ' The Sceptic ' (anon.), 
 1809 ; 'Letter to the Roman Catholics 
 of Dublin,' 1810 (2nd edn. same year) ; 
 ♦M.P.,' 1811 ; ' Intercepted Letters ; 
 or, the Twopenny Post-Bag ' (under 
 pseud. 'Thomas Brown the Younger '), 
 1813 (11th edn. same year) ; 'National 
 Airs,' 1815 ; * Lines on the Death of 
 
 [i.e., Sheridan'], (anon.), 1816; 
 
 • The World at Westminster ' (anon. ), 
 1816 ; ' Sacred Song,' 1816 ; ' Lalla 
 Rookh,' 1817 (6th edn. same year) ; 
 'The Fudge Family in Paris' (by 
 •Thomas Brown the Younger '), 1818 
 (8th edn. same year) ; ' Tom Crib's 
 Memorial' (anon.), 1819 (4th edn. 
 same year) ; * Rhymes on the Road ' 
 (by 'Thomas Brown the Younger'), 
 1823 ; ' The Loves of the Angels,' 
 1823 (5th edn. same year); 'Fables 
 for the Holy Alliance' (by 'Thomas 
 Brown the Younger'), 1823 ; 'Even- 
 ings in Greece ' [1825 ?] ; ' The Fudges 
 in England ' (by ' Thomas Brown the 
 Younger '), 1825 ; ' Memoirs of Cap- 
 tain Rock ' (anon.), 1824 ; * Memoirs 
 of the Life of Sheridan,' 1825 (3rd 
 edn. same year) ; * The Epicurean,' 
 1827 (with addition of 'Alciphron,' 
 1839) ; 'Rhymes of the Times' (anon.), 
 1827 ; ' Odes upon Cash, Corn, Catho- 
 lics and other matters* (anon.), 1828 ; 
 'Legendary Ballads' [1830?]; 'The 
 Life and Death of Lord Edward Fitz- 
 gerald' (2 vols.), 1831; 'The Summer 
 Fete' [1831]; 'Travels of an Irish 
 Gentleman in search of a Religion ' 
 (anon.), 1833; 'History of Ireland' 
 (in Lardner's 'Cabinet Cyclopaedia,' 
 4 vols.), 1835-46; 'Poetical Works,' 
 1840; 'Songs, Ballads and Sacred 
 Songs,' 1809. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Memoirs, Journals 
 and Correspondence,' ed. by Earl 
 Russell (8 vols.), 1853-56. 
 
 He translated : • Odes of Anacreon,' 
 1800 ; and edited : Byron's ' Letters 
 
 and Journals,' 1830 ; Shuridan's 
 Works, 1833 ; Byron's Works, 1835. 
 Life : by H. R. Montgomery, 1860. 
 
 MORE (Hannah), 1745-1833. Born, 
 at Stapleton, Gloucestershire, 2 Feb. 
 1745. Prpcocious abilities in child- 
 hood. Adopted literary career. Visit 
 to London, 1774 ; friendship with 
 Garrick begun. Play, ' The Inflexible 
 Captive,' translated from Metastasio, 
 performed at Exeter and Bath, 1775. 
 Tragedy, ' Percy,' produced at Covent 
 Garden, 10 Dec. 1777 ; 'The Fatal 
 Falsehood,' Covent Garden, 6 May 
 1779. Gave up connection with stage 
 after Garrick's death. Settled at Cow- 
 slip Green, near Bristol, 1785. Started 
 Sunday-schools, with her sisters' help, 
 in her parish of Blagdon, 1789. Took 
 part in ' Blagdon Controversy,' 1800- 
 02. Removed to Barley Wood, 1802; 
 to Clifton, 1828. Died, at Clifton, 7 
 Sept. 1833. Buried at Wrington, 
 Gloucestershire. 
 
 Works : ' The Search after Happi- 
 ness,' 1773 (2nd edn. same year) ; 
 •The Inflexible Captive,' 1774 (3rd 
 edn. same year) ; ' Sir Eldred of the 
 Bower and the Bleeding Rock,' 1776 ; 
 ' Ode to Dragon ' (anon.), 1777 ; 
 ' Essays on Various Subjects,' 1777 ; 
 ' Percy ' (anon.), 1778 ; ' Works . . . 
 in prose and verse,' 1778 ; * The Fatal 
 Falsehood,' 1779 ; ' Sacred Dramas,' 
 1782 ; • Florio ; . . . and, The Bas 
 Bleu,' 1786; 'Slavery,' 1788; 'Thoughts 
 on the Importance of the Manners of 
 the Great' (anon.), 1788; 'Bishop 
 Bonnor's Ghost ' (anon. ), 1789 ; * An 
 Estimate of the Religion of the 
 Fashionable World' (anon.), 1791; 
 'Remarks on the Speech of M. Du- 
 pont,' 1793 (3rd edn. same year) ; 
 • Village Politics ' (under pseud. ' Will 
 Chip '), 1793 ; ' Hints to all Ranks of 
 People' (anon.), [1795] ; Tracts signed 
 ' Z,' in ' Cheap Repository Tracts,' 
 1795-98; 'A Hymn of Praise ' (anon.), 
 [1796] ; J Strictures on the Modem 
 System of Female Education ' (2 vols.), 
 1799 (3rd edn. same year) ; ' Works ' 
 (8 vols.), 1801 ; 'Hints towards form- 
 ing the character of a Young Princess * 
 (anon. ; 2 vols.), 1805 ; ' Coelebs in 
 
MORE 
 
 203 
 
 search of a Wife' (anon.), 1808 j 'Prac- 
 tical Piety' (2 vols.) 1811 (4th edn. 
 same year) ; * Christian Morals ' (2 
 vols.), 1813 (5th edn. same year) ; 
 ' Essay on the Character and Prac- 
 tical Writings of St. Paul,' 1815 (3rd 
 edn. same year) ; * Poems ' (collected), 
 1816; 'Works' (19 vols.), 1818-19; 
 'Stories for the Middle Ranks of 
 Society,' 1819 ; * Moral Sketches of 
 prevailing Opinions of Manners,' 1819 
 (5th edn. same year) ; ' Bible Rhymes 
 on the Names of all the Books of the 
 Old and New Testaments,' 1821 ; ' The 
 Spirit of Prayer,' 1825 (3rd edn. same 
 year) ; 'The Feast of Freedom,' 1827 ; 
 
 * Poems' (collected), 1829; 'Works' 
 (11 vols.), 1830. 
 
 She edited : ' Poems ' by Ann 
 Yearsley, 1785. 
 
 Collected Works : ' Miscellaneous 
 Works' (2 vols.), 1840. 
 
 Life : by H. Thompson, 1838. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Letters ... to 
 Zackary Macaulay,' ed. by A. Roberts, 
 1860. 
 
 MOEE (Sir Thomas), 1478-1535. 
 Born, in London, 7 Feb. 1478. Early 
 education at a school in London. 
 Entered household of Archbishop of 
 Canterbury, 1491. At Canterbury 
 Hall, Oxford, 1492-94. Student of 
 Law at New Inn, 1494 ; removed to 
 Lincoln's Inn, 1496 ; called to Bar, 
 1501 ; Reader in Law, Furnivall's 
 Inn, 1501. Friendship with Erasmus 
 begun, 1497. Lived near the Charter- 
 house, and devoted himself much to 
 religious meditation, 1499-1503. Mem. 
 of Parliament, 1504. Married (i.) Jane 
 Colte, 1505 ; lived in Bucklersbury. 
 Travelled on Continent, 1508. Wife 
 died, 1511 [?] ; he married (ii.) Mrs. 
 Alice Middleton within a month 
 afterwards. Bencher of Lincoln's 
 Inn, 1509 ; 'Reader,' 1511 and 1516. 
 Under-Sheriff of London, 1510-19. 
 On Embassy to Flanders, May to 
 Nov. 1515. On Commission of Peace 
 for Hampshire, 1515 and 1528. On 
 Embassy to Calais, autumn of 1516. 
 Master of Requests, and Privy 
 Councillor, 1518. With King at 
 
 * Field of Cloth of Gold,' June 1520. 
 
 Knighted, and appointed Sub-Trea- 
 surer to King, 1521. With Wolsey 
 on Embassy to Calais and Bruges, 
 1521. Removed to Chelsea, 1523. 
 M.P. [for Middlesex ?], 1523. Speaker 
 of House of Commons, April 1523. 
 High Steward of Oxford Univ., 1524 ; 
 of Cambridge Univ., 1525. Chan- 
 cellor of Duchy of Lancaster, July 
 1525. On Embassy to Amiens, Aug. 
 1527 ; to Cambrai, July 1528. Lord 
 High Chancellor, Oct. 1529 to May 
 1532. Lived in retirement, 1532-34. 
 Imprisoned in Tower for refusing 
 oath to Act of Succession, 17 April 
 1534. Indicted of High Treason, 
 1 July 1535. Beheaded, 6 July 1535. 
 Buried in Church of St.-Peter-in-the- 
 Tower. 
 
 Works : * Libellus vere aureus nee 
 minus salutaris quam festivus de 
 Optimo reip. statu deque nova insula 
 Utopia' [1516], (earliest Eng. trans., 
 by R. Robinson, 1551); 'Epigram- 
 mata,' 1518 ; ' Epistola ad Germanti 
 Brixift,' 1520 ; ' Eruditissimi viri 
 G. Rossei [pseud,] opus . . . quo re- 
 fellet . . . Lutheri calumnias,' 1523 ; 
 ' A Dyaloge ... of the Veneration 
 and worshyp of Ymages, etc.,' 1529 ; 
 
 * Supplycacyon of Soulys ' [1529?]; 
 'The Cofutacyon of Tyndale's Ans- 
 were' (to More's 'Dyaloge'), 1532; 
 
 * The Second parte of the Cofutacyon,' 
 1533 ; 'The Apologye of Syr Thomas 
 More,' 1533 ; 'The Debellacyon of 
 Salem and Bizance,' 1533; 'A 
 Letter impugnynge the erronyouse 
 wrytyng of John Fryth against 
 the blessed Sacrament,' 1533 ; 'The 
 Answere to the fyrste parte of . . . 
 The Souper of the Lorde,' 1534 ; 
 'The Boke of the fayre Gentylwoman,' 
 n.d. (only one copy known). 
 
 Posthumous : ' A Dyaloge of Com- 
 fort against Tribulation,' 1553 ; 
 'Workes . . . wrytten ... in the 
 Englysh tonge,' 1557 ; * Omnia 
 Latina Opera,' 1565 ; ' Epistola in qua 
 . . . respondet Uteris Joannis Pome- 
 rani,' 1568 ; * Dissertatio Epistolica de 
 aliquot . . . Theologastrorum inep- 
 tiis,' 1625 ; 'Epistola . . . adAcade* 
 miam Oxon.,' 1633. 
 
 He translated : Lucian's ' Dia- 
 
204 
 
 MORIER— MOKLEY 
 
 logues ' (with Erasmus), 1506 ; F. 
 Pico's ' Lyfe of John Picus, Earl of 
 Mirandola ' [1510]. 
 
 Collected Works: 1629. 
 
 Life : by T. E. Bridgett, 1891. 
 
 MORIER (James Justinian), 1780 
 n]-1849. Born, at Smyrna, 1780 [?]. 
 Educated at Harrow. Entered Diplo- 
 matic Service, 1807. Priv. Sec. to 
 Sir Harford Jones on Mission to 
 Persian Court, Oct. 1807. Returned 
 to England, Nov. 1809. To Teheran 
 as Sec. of Embassy to Sir Gore 
 Ouseley, July 1810. Recalled, Oct. 
 1815. Retired from Diplomatic Ser- 
 vice, 1817. Married Harriet Greville. 
 Special Commissioner in Mexico, 1824- 
 26. Latter years of life chiefly spent 
 at Brighton ; occupied in literature. 
 Died there, 19 March 1849. 
 
 WorTcs: ' A Journey through Persia, 
 Armenia and Asia Minor,' 1812 ; 'A 
 Second Journey through Persia, etc.,' 
 1818 ; 'The Adventures of Hajji 
 Baba of Ispahan ' (anon.), 1824 ; 
 •Zohrab the Hostage' (anon.), 1832 ; 
 'Ayesha' (anon.), 1834; 'Abel All- 
 nutt' (anon.), 1837; * An Oriental 
 Tale' (anon.), [1839]; 'The Adventures 
 of Tom Spicer' (anon.), 1840; 'The 
 Mirza,' 1841; 'Misselmah' (anon.), 
 1847 ; • Martin Toutrond' (in French), 
 1849 (English version by the author, 
 1852). 
 
 He edited: W. HauflE's * The Ban- 
 ished,' 1839 ; ♦ St. Roche,' 1847. 
 
 MORLEY (Henry), 1822 - 1894. 
 Born, in London, 15 Sept. 1822. At 
 school at Neuwied, on the Rhine. At 
 King's Coll., London, 1838-43. 
 Qualified as medical doctor, 1843 ; 
 practised in Somerset, and afterwards 
 in Shropshire, 1844-48. Kept school 
 near Liverpool, 1848-49. Contrib. to 
 •Journal of Public Health,' 1849. 
 Returned to London, 1849. Part 
 editor of ' Household Words,' and 
 'All the Year Round,' 1850-65 ; 
 Sub- editor, and subsequently editor, 
 of ' Examiner,' same date. Married 
 Miss Sayer, 1852. English Lecturer 
 at King's Coll., 1857-65. Prof, of 
 Eng. Language and Lit., University 
 Coll., London. 1865-89. Prof, of 
 
 Eng. Language and Lit., Queen's Coll., 
 London, 1878-89. Hon. LL.D., 
 Edinburgh, 1879. Principal of Uni- 
 versity Hall, 1882-89. Removed to 
 Carisbrooke, Isle of Wight, 1890. 
 Died there, 14 May 1894. 
 
 WorTcs : ' The Dream of the Lily- 
 bell,' 1845 ; ' A Tract upon Health,' 
 1847 ; ' Sunrise in Italy,' 1848 ; ' How 
 to make Home Unhealthy' (anon., 
 from ' Journal of Public Health '), 
 1850 ; ' A Defence of Ignorance ' 
 (anon.), 1851 ; 'Palissy the Potter,' 
 1852 ; 'Jerome Cardan,' 1854 ; 
 • Cornelius Agrippa,' 1856 ; ' Gossip ' 
 (from 'Household Words'), 1857; 
 •Memoirs of Bartholomew Fair,' 
 1859 [1858]; 'Fables and Fairy 
 Tales,' 1860 [1859] ; ' Oberon's Horn,' 
 1861 [1860] ; • English Writers,' 1864- 
 67, 1887-95 ; • Sketches of Russian 
 Life' (anon.), 1866 ; 'The King and 
 the Commons,' 1868 ; • Tables of 
 English Literature,' 1870; •First 
 Sketch of English Literature ' [1873] ; 
 ' The Chicken Market,' 1877 ; • Illus- 
 trations of English Religion,' 1877 ; 
 ' Of English Literature in the Reign 
 of Victoria,' 1881 ; ' Early Papers 
 and some Memories,' 1891. 
 
 He edited : Reprint of ' The Spec- 
 tator,' 1868 ; « Cassell's Library of 
 English Literature,' 1875-81; 'Mor- 
 ley's Universal Library,' 1883-88 ; 
 Boswell's 'Life of Johnson,' 1885; 
 'Montaigne's Essays,' 1886; 'The 
 Tales of the Sixty Mandarins ' [1 886] ; 
 « Cassell's National Library,' 1886-90 ; 
 Marlow's 'Faustus,' 1887 ; Rabelais' 
 ' Gargantua,' 1888 ; Schiller's ' Poems 
 and Plays,' 1889 ; ' Carisbrooke 
 Library,' 1889-91 ; ' Don Quixote,' 
 1890 ; Bacon's 'Essays,' 1891 ; •Com- 
 panion Poets,' 1891-92 ; Aristotle's 
 'Politics,' Butler's 'Analogy,' ' Faust,' 
 ' Imitation of Christ,' Molifere, ^schy- 
 lus, Sheridan, in ' Best Hundred 
 Books,' 1892-93 ; Defoe's * Journal 
 of the Plague Year,' 1893 ; Stow's 
 ' Survey of London,' 1893. 
 
 MORLEY (John), b. 1838. Bom, 
 at Blackburn, Lanes., 24 Dec. 1838. 
 At Cheltenham Coll., Feb. 1855 to 
 1856. Matric. Lincoln Coll., Oxford, 
 
MORRIS 
 
 205 
 
 6 Nov. 1856 ; Scholar, 1856-60; B.A., 
 1859 ; M.A., 1874. Student at Lin- 
 coln's Inn, 5 April 1862 ; called to 
 Bar, 17 Nov. 1873. For a short time 
 editor of * Literary Gazette.' Edited 
 
 • Fortnightly Rev.,' 1867 to Oct. 1882 ; 
 ♦Pall Mall Gaz.,' May 1880 to Aug. 
 1883 ; ' Macmillan's Mag.,' 1883-85. 
 Hon. LL.D., Glasgow, 1879. M.P. 
 for Newcaatle-on-Tyne, Feb. 1883 to 
 
 1895. Chief Sec. for Ireland, Feb. 
 1886 ; and Aug. 1892 to 1895. Privy 
 Councillor, 1886. Bencher of Lincoln's 
 Inn, 1891. Hon. LL.D.,Camb., 1892. 
 Trustee of British Museum, 25 May 
 1894. F.R.S.,1894. M. P. Montrose, 
 
 1896. Hon. D.O.L., Oxford, 1896. 
 
 Works : ' Modern Characteristics ' 
 (anon.), 1865 ; 'Edmund Burke,' 1867 ; 
 
 • Critical Miscellanies,' 1st ser., 1871 ; 
 2nd ser., 1877 ; * Voltaire,' 1872 (2nd 
 edn. same year) ; 'Rousseau' (2 vols.), 
 1873; 'The Struggle for National 
 Education,* 1873 ; * Our Compromise ' 
 (from • Fortnightly Rev.'), 1874 ; 
 
 • Diderot and the Encyclopaedists ' (2 
 vols. ), 1878 ; ' Burke ' (' Eng. Men of 
 Letters ' ser.), 1879 ; ' Life of Richard 
 Cobden,' 1881 ; ' Aphorisms,' 1887 ; 
 
 • On the Study of Literature,' 1887 ; 
 
 • Walpole,' 1889 ; 'Studies in Litera- 
 ture,' 1891 ; * Machiavelli ' (Romanes 
 lecture), 1897. 
 
 He has edited: * English Men of 
 Letters ' series, 1878, etc. ; ' Twelve 
 English Statesmen,' 1888, etc. 
 
 MOREIS {Sir Lewis), b. 1833. 
 Born, at Carmarthen, 23 Jan. 1833. 
 At school at Carmarthen Grammar 
 School, 1842-48 ; at Cowbridge, 1848- 
 50 ; at Sherborne, 1850-52. Matric. 
 Jesus Coll., Oxford, 26 June 1851 ; 
 Scholar, 1855; B.A., 1856; M.A., 
 1858 ; Chancellor's Prize, 1858. 
 Student of Lincoln's Inn, 21 Nov. 
 1856 ; called to Bar, 18 Nov. 1861. 
 Practised, 1861-80. Married Mrs. 
 Florence Pollard, 1868. Hon. Fellow, 
 Jesus Coll., Oxford, 1877. Greek 
 Order of Saviour, 1879. Hon. Sec. 
 Univ. Coll. of Wales, 1879. Mem. 
 of Departmental Committee on Wekh 
 Education, 1880. J. P. for Carmar- 
 thenshire, 1880. Jubilee Medal, 1887. 
 
 Knighted, 1895. Hon. Fellow, Trin. 
 College, London, 1895. Member of 
 Athenaeum Club. 
 
 Works : ' Songs of Two Worlds,' 1st 
 series (anon.), 1871 ; 2nd series, 1874 ; 
 3rd series, 1875 (ser. 1-3, 1878) ; ' The 
 Epic of Hades' (anon.), 1876-77; 
 ' Gwen ' (anon.), 1879 ; ' The Ode of 
 Life' (anon.), 1880 ; 'Poetical Works' 
 (3 vols.), 1882 ; 'Songs Unsung,' 1883 ; 
 'Gycia,' 1886; 'Songs of Britain,' 
 1887; Works, 1890; 'A Vision of 
 Saints,' 1890 ; * Ode on the Marriage 
 of H.R.H. the Duke of York ' [1893] ; 
 • Songs without Notes,' 1894 ; ' Idylls 
 and Lyrics,' 1896 ; 'Selected Poems,' 
 1897. 
 
 MORBIS (William), 1834-1896. 
 Born, at Walthamstow, 24 March 
 1834. At Mariborough ColL, Feb. 
 1848 to Dec. 1851. Matric. Exeter 
 Coll., Oxford, 2 June 1852; B.A., 
 1856; M.A., 1875; Hon. Fellow, 
 1882. Founded 'Oxford and Cam- 
 bridge Mag.,' 1856. For some time 
 after leaving Oxford studied painting 
 and architecture. Married Jane 
 Burden, 26 April 1859. Started 
 manufactory of artistic house decora- 
 tions and implements, 1863. Lectured 
 on art in Birmingham, London and 
 Nottingham, 1878-81. Contrib. to 
 various periodicals. In later years, 
 active in support of Socialist doctrines. 
 Started Kelmscott Press, 1891. Died, 
 in London, 3 Oct. 1896. 
 
 Works [exclusive of various broad- 
 sides and single sheets printed for 
 distribution]: 'Sir Galahad,' 1858; 
 'The Defence of Guenevere,' 1858; 
 'The Life and Death of Jason,' 1867 ; 
 'The Earthly Paradise' (3 vols.), 
 1868 [1868-70]; 'Love is Enough,' 1873 
 [1872] ; ' The Two Sides of the River, 
 etc' (priv. ptd.), 1876 ; 'The Story of 
 Sigurd the Volsung,' 1877 [1876] ; 
 ' The Decorative Arts' [1878] ; 'Hopes 
 and Fears for Art,' 1882 ; ' Art and 
 Socialism,' 1884; 'Textile Fabrics,' 
 1884 ; ' A Summary of the Principles 
 of Socialism ' (with H. M. Hyndman), 
 1884 ; * For Whom shall we Vote V 
 (anon.), [1884]; 'Chants for Social- 
 ists,' 1885 ; • Useful Work v. Useless 
 
206 
 
 MOTHERWELL-MOTLEY 
 
 Toil,' 1885 ; * The Manifesto of the 
 Socialist League,' 1885 ; * A Short 
 Account of the Commune of Paris * 
 (with E. B. Bax), 1886 ; ' The God 
 of the Poor' [1886]; 'The Labour 
 Question from the Socialist Stand- 
 point,' 1886; 'The Aims of Art,' 
 
 1887 ; 'Alfred Linnell,' 1887; 'The 
 Tables Turned,' 1887 ; 'A Dream of 
 John Ball,' 1888 ; ' True and False 
 Society,' 1888; 'Signs of Change,' 
 
 1888 ; ' A Tale of the House of the 
 Wolfings,' 1889 ; * The Roots of the 
 Mountains,' 1890 [1889]; 'Monopoly,' 
 
 1890 ; ' News from Nowhere,' 1891 
 [1890] ; ' Poems by the Way,' 1891 ; 
 
 • The Story of the Glittering Plain,' 
 1891 ; ' A King's Lesson,' 1891 ; 
 •Under an Elm Tree,' 1891; 'The 
 Socialist Ideal of Art,' 1891 ; ' Ad- 
 dresses ' [at Birmingham Art Gallery], 
 
 1891 ; • The Reward of Labour ' 
 [1892] ; * Gothic Architecture,' 1893 ; 
 'Socialism (with E. B. Bax), 1893 ; 
 
 • The Wood beyond the World,' 1894 ; 
 ' Letters on Socialism ' (priv. ptd.), 
 
 1894 ; * Concerning Westminster 
 Abbey ' (anon.), [1894] ; ' Child Chris- 
 topher,' 1895 ; ' The Well at the 
 World's End,' 1896 ; 'The Water of 
 the Wondrous Isles,' 1897. 
 
 He translated : ' Grettis Saga ' 
 (with M. E. Magnusson), 1869 ; «Vol- 
 sunga Saga ' (with M. E. Magnusson), 
 1870 ; ' Three Northern Love-Stories' 
 (with M. E. Magnusson), 1875 ; 
 Virgil's ' ^neid,' 1876 [1875] ; 
 Homer's ' Odyssey,' 1887 ; 'The Saga 
 Library ' (with M. E. Magnusson ; 
 5 vols.), 1891-95; 'The Order of 
 Chivalry,' 1892-93 ; ' Of the Friend- 
 ship of Amis and Amile,' 1894 ; * The 
 Tale of Beowulf (with A. J. Wyatt), 
 
 1895 ; • Old French Romances,' 1896 ; 
 and edited: * Arts and Crafts Essays,' 
 1893. 
 
 Collected Works : ' Poetical Works,' 
 1896. 
 
 MOTHERWELL (William), 1797- 
 1836. Born, in Glasgow, 13 Oct. 
 1797. At school in Edinburgh, 1805- 
 08 ; in Paisley, 1809-14. At Glasgow 
 Univ., 1818-19. Contrib. verses to the 
 Greenock ' Visitor/ 1818. In Sheriflf- 
 
 Clerk's office. Paisley, 1819. Sheriff. 
 Clerk Depute of Renfrewshire, May 
 1819 to Nov. 1829. Edited ' Paisley 
 Mag.,' 1828; 'Paisley Advertiser.' 
 1828-30 ; ' Glasgow Courier,' 1830-35. 
 Contrib. to 'The Day,' 1832-35. To 
 London, to give evidence before a 
 Committee of House of Commons, 
 Aug. 1835. Died, in Glasgow, 1 Nov. 
 1835. Buried in Necropolis, Glasgow. 
 
 Works : ' Renfrewshire Characters 
 and Scenery ' (under pseud. : ' Isaac 
 Brown '), 1824 ; ' Minstrelsy, Ancient 
 and Modern,' 1827 ; * Jeannie Morri- 
 son ' [1832] ; ' Poems, Narrative and 
 Lyrical,' 1832. 
 
 He edited : ' The Harp of Renfrew- 
 shire,' 1819 ; A. Henderson's 'Scot- 
 tish Proverbs,' 1832 ; Bums' ' Poems' 
 (with Hogg), 1836. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by J. 
 M'Conechy, with life, 1846. 
 
 MOTLEY (John Lothrop), 1814. 
 1877. Bom, at Dorchester, Mass., 
 15 April 1814. To Harvard Univ., 
 1827 ; B.A., 1831. Studied at Berlin 
 and Gottingen Universities, 1832-33. 
 Married Mary Benjamin, 2 March 
 1837. Advocate, 1837. Sec. of 
 American Legation, St. Petersburg, 
 winter of 1841-42. Contrib. to 'North 
 American Rev.' from 1845. Mem. of 
 Massachusetts House of Representa- 
 tives, 1849. In Europe, 1851-56. In 
 Boston, 1856-57. Contrib. to first 
 no. of ' Atlantic Monthly,' Nov. 1857. 
 Returned to England, 1858. Hon. 
 LL.D., Harvard, 1860; Hon. D.C.L., 
 Oxford, 1860. To America, 1861. 
 U. S. A. Ambassador at Vienna, 
 1861-67. Returned to Boston, June 
 1868. To England, 1868; resided 
 there till his death. Ambassador to 
 England, 1869-70. Foreign Assoc, of 
 French Academy, 1876 ; Dr.PhiL, 
 Groningen ; Corresp. Mem. Institute 
 of France ; F.S.A, ; Hon. LL.D., 
 Cambridge; Hon. LL.D., New York; 
 Hon. LL.D., Leyden ; Mem. of 
 numerous American and foreign his- 
 torical societies. Last visit to America, 
 1875. Died, near Dorchester, Devon- 
 shire, 29 May 1877. Buried atKensal 
 Green. 
 
MOZLEY— MUNDAY 
 
 207 
 
 Works: 'Morton's Hope,' 1839; 
 ♦Merry Mount,' 1849; 'History of 
 the Rise of the Dutch Republic,' 1856 ; 
 'History of the United Netherlands,' 
 vols, i., ii., 1860 ; vols, iii., iv., 1868 ; 
 
 * Causes of the Civil War in America,' 
 1861 ; ' Historic Progress and Ameri- 
 can Democracy,' 1869 ; * The Life and 
 Death of John Barneveld,' 1874. 
 
 Posthumous : * Correspondence, 'ed. 
 by G. W. Curtis, 1889. 
 
 Life: by O. W. Holmes, 1878. 
 
 MOZLEY (James Bowling), 1813- 
 1878. Born, at Gainsborough, Lin- 
 colnshire, 15 Sept. 1813. Family 
 removed to Derby, 1815. At Grantham 
 Grammar School, 1822-28. Matric. 
 Oriel Coll., Oxford, 1 July 1830 ; B.A., 
 1834 ; English Essay Prize, 1835 ; 
 M.A., 1838 ; Fellow of Magdalen 
 Coll., 1840-56 ; B.D., 1846 ; D.D., 
 1871. Intimacy with Pusey at Ox- 
 ford. Contrib. to ' British Critic ' 
 and * Guardian.' Part editor of 
 'Christian Remembrancer,' 1845-55. 
 Rector of Old Shoreham, Sussex, 18.^6- 
 78. Married Amelia Ogle, July 1856. 
 Bampton Lecturer, Oxford, 1865 ; 
 Select Preacher, 1869. Canon of 
 Worcester, 1869-71. Regius Prof, of 
 Divinity, Oxford, and Canon of Ch. 
 Ch., 1871-78. Died, at Shoreham, 4 
 Jan. 1878. 
 
 Works : ' The Influence of Ancient 
 Oracles,' 1836 ; ' Observations on the 
 Propositions to be submitted to 
 Convocation ' (anon.), 1845 ; ' A 
 Treatise on the Augustinian Doctrine 
 of Predestination,' 1855 ; 'The Primi- 
 tive Doctrine of Baptismal Regenera- 
 tion,' 1856 ; ' A Review of the Bap- 
 tismal Controversy,' 1862 ; ' Subscrip- 
 tion to the Articles,' 1863 ; • Eight 
 Lectures on Miracles,' 1865 ; ' Obser- 
 vations on the Colonial Church Ques- 
 tion,' 1867 ; ' The Roman Council,' 
 1870 [1869] ; ' The Principle of Causa- 
 tion,' 1872 ; ' Sermons preached before 
 the University of Oxford,' 1876 ; 
 
 * Ruling Ideas in Early Ages,' 1877. 
 
 Posthumous : * Essays, Historical 
 and Theological,' ed. by his sister, 
 1878 ; * The Theory of Development ' 
 (from ' Christian Remembrancer '), 
 
 1878 ; ' Sermons, Parochial and Oc- 
 casional,' 1879 ; 'Lectures, and other 
 Theological Papers,' 1883 ; 'Letters,' 
 ed. by his sister, with life, 1885 
 [1884]. 
 
 MiflLER (F. Max). See Max- 
 Miiller. 
 
 MULOCE (Dinah Maria). See Craik. 
 
 MUNDAY (Anthony), 1653- 1633. 
 Bom, in London, 1553. Perhaps an 
 actor in early youth. Apprenticed to 
 a stationer, Oct. 1576. Visit to Rome, 
 1578. Active opponent of Catholics. 
 Probably resumed acting soon after 
 return to England. Married, 1583[?]. 
 Wrote plays, pageants, and romances, 
 1584-1602. Abroad with Earl of 
 Pembroke's company of players, 1598- 
 99. Died, in London, 10 Aug. 1633. 
 Buried in St. Stephen's, Coleman 
 Street. 
 
 Works [several lost] : ' The Mir- 
 rour of Mutabilitie,' 1579 ; ' The 
 Paine of Pleasure,' 1580 ; ' Zelavto,' 
 1580 ; * A View of Sundry Examples ' 
 [1580] ; * An Advertisement and De- 
 fence for Trueth ' [1581] ; ' A Breefe 
 Discourse of the Taking of Edm. 
 Campion,' 1581 ; *A Courtly Con- 
 troversie betweene Love and Learn- 
 ing,' 1581 ; 'A Breefe and True Re- 
 porte of the Execution of Certaine 
 Traytours' (anon.), 1582; 'A Dis- 
 coverie of Edmund Campion and his 
 Confederates ' (anon.), 1582 ; * A 
 Breefe Aunswer made unto two sedi- 
 tious Pamphlets,' 1582 ; « The English 
 Romayne Lyfe,' 1582 ; ' A Watch- 
 Woorde to England ' (under initials : 
 A. M.), 1584 ; ' Fidele and Fortunio,' 
 1584 ; ' A Banquet of Daintie Con- 
 ceyts,' 1588; 'The Masque of the 
 League and the Spanyard discovered,* 
 1592; 'The Defence of Contraries' 
 (anon.), 1593 ; 'John a Kent and 
 John a Cumber,' 1595; 'Sir John 
 Oldcastle ' (pubd. as Shakespeare's ; 
 probably by Munday, Drayton, 
 Hathway, and Wilson), 1600 ; 'The 
 Downfall of Robert Earl of Hun- 
 tingdon' (anon. ; with H. Chettle), 
 1601 ; ' The Death of Robert Earl of 
 Huntingdon ' (anon. ; with H. Chettle), 
 
208 
 
 MURRAY 
 
 1601 ; * The Strangest Adventure 
 that ever happened,' 1601 ; ' The 
 Triumphs of reunited Britannia ' 
 [1605]; 'Campbell,' 1609; 'Chryso- 
 Thriambos,' 1611; 'A Briefe Chro- 
 nicle of the Successe of the Times,' 
 1611 ; 'Himatia-Poleos,' 1614; 'Me- 
 tropolis Coronata ' (anon.), 1615 ; 
 
 * Chrysanaleia,' 1616; 'Siderothri- 
 ambos ' (under initials : A. M.), 1618 ; 
 
 * The Triumphs of the Golden Fleece,' 
 1623. 
 
 He translated : ' The famous . . . 
 Historie of Palladino,' 1588; ' Pal- 
 merin d'Oliva,' 1588 ; ' The Famous 
 History of Palmendo8,'1589; 'Gerileon 
 of England,' 1592 ; G. Telin's ' Arch- 
 aioplutus,' 1592 ; 'Amadis de Gaule' 
 (under pseud : 'Lazarus Plot'), 1595 ; 
 ' The Second Booke of Amadis de 
 Gaule,' 1595 ; Van den Busche's ' The 
 Orator' (under pseud. : 'Lazarus Piot'), 
 1596 ; 'The Second Part of the honour- 
 able Historie of Palmerin d'Oliva,' 
 1597; Gabelhouer's 'Boock of Phy- 
 sicke,' 1599 ; J. Texeira's ' Strangest 
 Adventure that ever happened,' 1601 ; 
 •Palmerin of England,' 1602; *A 
 True and admirable Historie of a 
 Mayden of Conf olens ' (under initials : 
 A. M.), 1603 ; 'The famous . . . His- 
 torie of Primaleon ' (anon.), 1619 
 (originally pubd. 1595, but no copy 
 known) ; and edited : ' Two godly . . . 
 Sermons of Calvin,' 1584 ; Stow's 
 'Survey of London,' 1618. 
 
 MURRAY (David Christie), b. 1847. 
 Born, at West Bromwich, Staflford- 
 Bhire, 13 April 1847. Educated at 
 private school at West Bromwich. 
 On staflE of * Birmingham Morning 
 News ' as reporter, 1871-72. To 
 London, 1873. On staff of 'Daily 
 News ' and * World,' 1873-74. Special 
 correspondent of ' Times ' and ' Scots- 
 man' in Russo-Turkish War, 1875. 
 Gave up journalism soon afterwards. 
 Lived in Belgium for some years ; 
 afterwards travelled extensively on 
 Continent and in Australia and New 
 Zealand. Acted in his play, 'Ned's 
 Chum,' produced at Globe Theatre, 
 16 Oct. 1891. Visit to U.S.A., 1896 j 
 lectured there. 
 
 Works : * A Life's Atonement,' 
 1880 ; 'Joseph's Coat,' 1881 ; 'Coals 
 of Fire,' 1882 ; ' Val Strange,' 1883 ; 
 
 * Hearts,' 1883 ; 'A Model Father ' 
 [1883] ; ' By the Gate of the Sea,' 
 1883 ; ' The Silver Lever,' 1884 ; 'The 
 Way of the World,' 1884 ; 'A Bit of 
 Human Nature,' 1885 ; * Rainbow 
 Gold,' 1885 ; * First Person Singular,' 
 
 1886 ; 'Aunt Rachel,' 1886 ; * Cynic 
 Fortune,' 1886 ; ' A Novelist's Note- 
 Book,' 1887; 'Old Blazer's Hero,' 
 
 1887 ; * One Traveller Returns' (with 
 H. Herman), 1887 ; ' The Weaker 
 Vessel,' 1888 ; ' Schwartz,' 1889 ; 
 
 • The Queen's Scarf,' 1889 ; * A 
 Dangerous Catspaw' (with H. Mur- 
 ray), 1889 ; ' Wild Darrie * (with H. 
 Herman), 1889 ; • Paul Jones's Alias ' 
 (with H. Herman), 1890 ; 'John 
 Vale's Guardian,' 1890 ; ' Bob Mar- 
 tin's Little Girl,' 1892 ; ' The Great 
 War of 189—' (with P. H. Colomb), 
 1893 ; ' Time's Revenges,' 1893 ; ' A 
 Wasted Crime,' 1893 ; 'The Making 
 of a Novelist,' 1894 [1893] ; ' A 
 Rising Star,' 1894 ; ' In Direst Peril,' 
 1894; 'The Investigations of John 
 Pym,' 1895; 'The Martyred Fool,' 
 1895; 'Mount Despair,' 1895; *A 
 Capful o' Nails,' 1896 ; ' The Bishop'pi 
 Amazement,' 1896 ; ' A Rogue's Con- 
 science,' 1897. 
 
 MURRAY (John), 1778-1843. Bom, 
 in London, 27 Nov. 1778. Educated 
 at various private schools. Succeeded 
 to partnership in his father's publish- 
 ing business, 1795. Dissolved partner- 
 ship and started on his own account, 
 1802. London publisher of 'Edin- 
 burgh Rev.,' 1806. Married Anne 
 Elliot, 6 March 1807. Started ' Quar- 
 terly Rev.,' Feb. 1809. Connection 
 with Byron as publisher, 1811-21. 
 Publisher for Napier, Croker, Borrow, 
 etc. Joint publisher of ' Blackwood's 
 Mag.,' Aug. 1818 to Jan. 1819. Pub- 
 lished 'The Representative,' Jan. to 
 July 1826. Died, in London, 27 
 June 1843. 
 
 Life : Smiles' ' A Publisher and his 
 Friends,' 1891. 
 
 MURRAY (John), 1808 - 1892. 
 
 i [Eldest son of preceding.] Born, in 
 
MURRAY— NAPIER 
 
 London, 16 April 1808. At Charter- 
 house, July 1819 to May 1826. To 
 Edinburgh Univ., Dec. 1826 ; B.A., 
 6 Jan. 1828. Travelled on Continent, 
 1829-30. Assisted his father in pub- 
 lishiug business from 1830. Started 
 series of 'Murray's Hand Books,' 
 1836. After his father's death con- 
 tinued publishing business. Married 
 Marion Smith, 6 July 1847. Pub- 
 lished 'Murray's Mag.,' 1887-91. 
 Died, in London, 2 April 1892. 
 
 Works : * Holland, Belgium, and 
 the Rhine,' 1836 ; 'South Germany,' 
 1837 ; 'Switzerland,' 1838 ; 'France,' 
 1843 ; 'Scepticism in Geology ' (anon.), 
 1877. 
 
 He edited: 'Unpublished Letters 
 of Lawrence Sterne ' [1856]. 
 
 MUERAY (Lindley), 1746-1826. 
 Bom, at Swatara, Pennsylvania, 22 
 April 1745. To school at Philadelphia, 
 1751. Soon afterwards removed with 
 his parents to North Carolina. To 
 New York, 1753. Assisted his father 
 (a merchant) in business, from 1759 ; 
 but, owing to literary tastes, ran 
 away to a school at Burlington, New 
 Jersey. Brought back to New York ; 
 placed under a tutor, and studied 
 law. Called to Bar, 1765. Married 
 Hannah Dobson, 22 June 1767. 
 Practised as lawyer in New York. 
 In England, 1770-71. To England 
 again, owing to failing health, 1784 ; 
 settled at Holdgate, near York. De- 
 voted remainder of life to literary 
 and scientific pursuits. Died, at 
 Holdgate, 16 Jan. 1826. 
 
 Works : * The Power of Religion on 
 the Mind' (anon.), 1787 (6th edn. 
 same year) ; ' Some Account of the 
 Life ... of Sarah Grubb ' (anon.), 
 1792; 'English Grammar,' 1795 
 (abridged edn., by author, 1797) ; 
 
 * English Exercises,' 1797 ; ' Key ' to 
 preceding, 1797; 'English Reader,' 
 
 1799 ; * Sequel to the English Reader,' 
 
 1800 ; ' Introduction to the English 
 Reader,' 1801; 'Lecteur Fran9ais,' 
 1802 ; ' First Book for Children,' 
 1804 ; ' English Spelling Book,' 1804 ; 
 
 * Introduction au Lecteur Frangais,' 
 1807 ; ' Biographical Sketch of Henry 
 
 Tuke,' 1815 ; 'Compendium of Re- 
 ligious Truth and Practice,' 1815 ; 
 'The Duty and Benefit of a Daily 
 Perusal of the Holy Scriptures in 
 Families,' 1817. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Memoirs,' ed. by 
 E. Frank, 1826. 
 
 He edited : ' Selection from Bishop 
 Home's Commentary on the Psalms,' 
 1812; 'Extracts from the Writings 
 of divers eminent Authors ... re- 
 presenting the evils ... of Stage 
 Plays,' 1799. 
 
 Life : by W. H. Egle, 1885. 
 
 NAIRNE (Carolina), Baronesa 
 Naime, 1766-1845. Born [Carolina 
 Oliphant), at Gask, Perthshire, 16 
 Aug. 1766. Early interest in Scottish 
 ballads. Married to Major William 
 Murray Nairne, 2 June 1806. Lived 
 in Edinburgh. Contributed anony- 
 mously to the ' Scottish Minstrel,* 
 1821-24. Husband became Baron 
 Nairne, the peerage being revived by 
 Act of Parliament, June 1824. Re- 
 moved to Clifton with her son, after 
 her husband's death, 1829 ; to Ire- 
 land, 1831. On Continent, autumn 
 of 1834 to 1843. Returned to Gask, 
 1843. Died there, 26 Oct. 1845; 
 buried there. 
 
 Works [posthumous] : ' Lays from 
 Strathearn,' 1846 ; 'Life and Songs,* 
 ed. by C. Rogers, 1869 (2nd edn. 
 same year). 
 
 NAPIER {Sir William Francis 
 Patrick), 1785-1860. Born, at Cel- 
 bridge, Co. Kildare, 17 Dec. 1785. 
 Educated at Celbridge Grammar 
 School. Ensign in Royal Irish Ar- 
 tillery, June 1800 ; Lieutenant, April 
 1801 ; Captain in 43rd Regt., 1804. 
 Took part in expedition against 
 Copenhagen, 1807 ; in Sir John 
 Moore's campaign in Spain, winter of 
 1808-09. With his regiment in Portu- 
 gal, spring of 1809 to autumn of 1811, 
 Married Caroline Amelia Fox, Feb. 
 
 1812. In Peninsula with regiment, 
 March 1812 to Jan. 1813; Major, 
 May 1812. In England, Jan. to Aug., 
 
 1813. In Peninsula, Aug. 1813 to 
 1814; Brevet Lieut. -Colonel, Nov. 
 1813. Retired from active service, 
 
 11 
 
210 
 
 NASH— NETTLESHIP 
 
 1819. C.B.,1819. Settled in London ; 
 took great interest in fine arts, and 
 contributed to various periodicals. 
 Removed to Bromham, Cornwall, 
 1826 ; to Freshford, near Bath, 1831. 
 Colonel, July 1830. Annual Grant 
 for Distinguished Services, from May 
 1841. Major-General, Nov. 1841. 
 Lieut. -Governor of Guernsey, Feb. 
 1842 ; removed thither, April 1842 ; 
 resigned, 1847. K.C.B., 27 April 
 1848. Lieut. -General, Nov. 1851 ; 
 General, Dec. 1859. Died, at Clap- 
 ham Park, 10 Feb. 1860. Buried at 
 Norwood. 
 
 Works : * History of the War in the 
 Peninsula' (6 vols.), 1828-40 (fol- 
 lowed by five pamphlets in answer to 
 objections to the History, viz., *A 
 Reply to Lord Strangford's "Obser- 
 vations," ' 1828 ; 'A Roply to various 
 Opponents,' 1833; 'Colonel Napier's 
 Justification of his third volume,' 
 1833; 'A Letter to Gen. Lord Vis- 
 count Beresford,' 1834 ; ' Counter- 
 Remarks to Mr. D. M. Perceval's 
 Remarks,' 1835) ; * Observations Illus- 
 trating Sir John Moore's Campaign,' 
 1832 ; ' Observations on the Corn 
 Laws,' 1841 ; *The Conquest of 
 Scinde ' (2 vols.), 1845 ; * Notes on 
 the State of Europe,' 1848 ; ' Six 
 Letters in vindication of the British 
 Army,' 1849 ; ' History of Sir Charles 
 Napier's Administration of Scinde,' 
 1851 ; 'Comments upon a Memor- 
 andum of the Duke of Wellington,' 
 1854 ; ' Life and Opinions of Gen. 
 Sir C. J. Napier' (4 vols.), 1857; 
 'Gen. Sir Charles Napier and the 
 Directors of the East India Company,' 
 1857. 
 
 He edited : Admiral Sir C. Napier's 
 • The Navy,' 1851 ; General Sir C. J. 
 Napier's * Defects, Civil and Military, 
 of the Indian Government,' 1853, and 
 'William the Conqueror,' 1858. 
 
 Life : by Lord Aberdare, 1864. 
 
 NASH (Thomas), 1567-1601. Born, 
 at Lowestoft [?], 1567 ; baptized, Nov. 
 1567. Matric, St. John's Coll., 
 Camb., as Sizar, Oct. 1582 ; B.A., 
 1586. Settled in London, 1588 ; 
 adopted literary career. Took active 
 
 part in * Martin Mar-Prelate ' con- 
 troversy, under pseud, of 'Pasquil.' 
 Play, 'The Terrors of the Night,* 
 produced, 1593 ; ' Summer's Last 
 Will and Testament,' privately per- 
 formed, 1593 ; • The Isle of Dogs,' 
 performed by the Lord Admiral's 
 Company, June 1597. In Fleet 
 Prison, autumn of 1597. Died, 
 1601. 
 
 Works : ' The Anatomic of Ab- 
 surditie,' 1589 ; * A Countercufife 
 given to Martin Junior ' (under 
 pseud. : ' Pasquil '), 1589 ; ' The Re- 
 turne of the Renowned Cavalier Pas- 
 quill of England ' (anon.), 1589 ; 
 ' Martin's Month's Minde ' (under 
 pseud. : ' Marphoreus '), 1589 ; ' The 
 First Parte of Pasquil's Apologie ' 
 (anon.), 1590; 'A Wonderful. . . 
 Astrologicall Prognostication ' (under 
 pseud. : ' Thomas Scarlet '), 1591 ; 
 ' Pierce Pennilesse his Supplication to 
 the Devill,' 1592 (another edn. same 
 year) ; 'Strange Newes of the Intercept- 
 ing certaine Letters,' 1592; 'Christ's 
 Tearea over Jerusalem,' 1593 ; ' The 
 Terrors of the Night,' 1594; 'The 
 Unfortunate Traveller,' 1594 ; ' The 
 Tragedie of Dido ' (with Mar- 
 lowe), 1594; 'Have with you to 
 Saffron - Walden,' 1596 ; ' Nashe's 
 Lenten Stuffe,' 1599; 'A Pleasant 
 Comedie called Summer's Last Will 
 and Testament,' 1600. 
 
 He translated: Evenkellius' ' Pvfi- 
 vaaiapxov,' 1648 ; and edited : Sir 
 Philip Sidney's ' Astrophel and Stella,' 
 1591. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by Grosart (6 
 vols.), 1883-85. 
 
 NETTLESHIP (Henry), 1839- 1893. 
 Born, at Kettering, Northampton- 
 shire, 5 May 1839. At Lancing Coll., 
 1849-52 ; at Durham Coll., 1852-54 ; 
 at Charterhouse, 1854-57. Matric, 
 Corpus Christi Coll., Oxford, as 
 Scholar, 3 April 1857 ; Hertford 
 Scholarship and Gaisford Greek Prose 
 Prize, 1859 ; Craven Scholarship, 
 1861 ; B.A., 1861 ; Fellow of Lincoln 
 Coll., 1861-71; Tutor. 1862-68; M.A., 
 1863 ; Chancellor's Latin Essay Prize, 
 1863. At Berlin Univ., for some 
 
NEWCASTLE— NEWMAN 
 
 211 
 
 months in 1865. Assistant Master 
 at Harrow, 1868 - 73. Married 
 Matilda Steel, 1870. Fellow of Corpiis 
 Christi Coll., Oxford, 1873-93 ; Tutor, 
 1875 ; Corpus Prof, of Latin, 1878-93. 
 Died, at Oxford, 10 July 1893. 
 
 Works: 'Suggestions introductory 
 to a study of the Mneid,' 1875 ; ♦ The 
 Roman Satura,' 1878 ; * Ancient Lives 
 of Vergil,' 1879 ; ' Vergil,* 1879 ; 
 *MoritzHaupt,'1879; 'Lectures and 
 Essays on Subjects connected with 
 Latin Literature,' 1st series, 1885 ; 2nd 
 series, ed. by F. Haverfield, 1885 ; 'The 
 Study of Modern European Languages 
 and Literatures in the University of 
 Oxford, 1887 ; * Passages for transla- 
 tion into Latin Prose,' 1887 ; 'Key' 
 to preceding, 1887; 'Contributions 
 to Latin Lexicography,' 1889; 'The 
 Moral Influence of Literature : Clas- 
 sical Education in the Past and at 
 Present. Two Addresses,' 1890. 
 
 He edited: Virgil's Works (with 
 Prof. Conington), 1858 ; Persius' 
 'Satires,' 1872; T. H. Steel's 'Ser- 
 mons,' 1882 ; Pattison's 'Essays,' 1889 ; 
 Seyffert's 'Diet, of Classical Anti- 
 quities ' (with J. E. Sandys), 1891 ; 
 Pattison's ' Isaac Casaubon,' 2nd edn., 
 1892. 
 
 NEWCASTLE, Margaret Caven- 
 dish, Duchess of. 1624 [?]-1674. 
 Bom [Margaret Lucas], at St. John's, 
 Essex, 1624 [?]. Maid of Honour to 
 Queen, 1643-45; to Paris with her, 
 1645. Married there to William 
 Cavendish, Marquis (afterwards Duke) 
 of Newcastle, April 1645. Returned 
 to England, 1660. Died, in London, 
 Jan. 1674 ; buried, in Westminster 
 Abbey, 7 Jan. 
 
 Works: 'Philosophical Fancies,' 
 1653; 'Poems and Fancies,' 1653; 
 ♦Philosophical and Physical Opin- 
 ions,' 1655 (2nd edn., called : 
 'Grounds of Natural Philosophy,' 
 1668); 'The World's Olio,' 1655; 
 •Nature's Pictures,' 1656; 'Plays,' 
 1662; 'Orations of Divers Sorts,' 
 1662 ; ' Philosophical Letters,' 1664 ; 
 •CCXI. Sociable Letters,' 1664; 
 ♦ Observations upon Experimental 
 Philosophy,' 1666 j 'The Life of . . . 
 
 William Cavendish, 1667 ; ' Plays 
 never before printed,' 1668; 'The 
 Description of a new World,' 1668. 
 
 Posthumous : Autobiography, ed. 
 by Sir E. Brydges, 1814. 
 
 NEWMAN (John Henry), 1801- 
 1890. Bom, in London, 21 Feb. 
 1801. At School at Ealing, 1808-16. 
 Matric, Trin. Coll., Oxford, 14 Dec. 
 1816 ; Scholar, 1819-22 ; B.A., 1820. 
 Student of Lincoln's Inn, 1819. 
 Fellow of Oriel Coll., Oxford, April 
 1822 to 1845; Tutor, 1826-31. 
 Friendship with Pusey begun, 1823. 
 Ordained, 13 June 1824 ; Curate of 
 St. Clement's, Oxford. Contrib. to 
 'Encycl. Met.,' 1824-29. Vice-Prin- 
 cipal of Alban Hall, March 1825 to 
 1826. Preacher at Whitehall, 1827. 
 Vicar of St. Mary's, Oxford, 1828 to 
 Sept. 1843. Select Preacher, 1831- 
 32. Travelled on Continent, winter 
 1832-33. Contrib. to 'Brit. Mag.,' 
 1833-36; to 'British Critic,' 1837- 
 42. One of the promoters of the 
 'Oxford Movement,' 1833. Editor 
 of 'British Critic,' 1838-41. Re- 
 tired from Oxford, 1842 ; lived life 
 of seclusion at Littlemore till 1846. 
 Received into Roman Catholic Church, 
 at Littlemore, 9 Oct. 1845. To 
 Rome, Oct. 1846; ordained Priest 
 there, and received degree of D.D. 
 Returned to England, Dec. 1847. 
 Founded Oratory at Birmingham, 
 1848 J founded Oratory in London, 
 1850. Lost libel action brought 
 against him by Dr. Achilli, 1853. 
 Rector of Catholic Univ., Dublin, 
 1854-58. Returned to Birmingham, 
 1858 ; contrib. to ' Atlantis,' 1858-70 ; 
 to 'Rambler,' 1859-60; to 'The 
 Month,' 1864-66. Founded Oatholio 
 school at Edgbaston, 1859. Hon. 
 Fellow, Trin. Coll., Oxford, 1877. 
 Created Cardinal, 12 May 1879, 
 Returned to Edgbaston, July 1879. 
 Resided there till his death, 11 Aug. 
 1890. Buried at RednaU. 
 
 Works: 'St. Bartholomew's Eve' 
 (anon. ; with J. W. Bowden), 1821 ; 
 ' Suggestions on behalf of the Church 
 Missionary Society,' 1830; 'Tiie 
 Arians of the Fourth Century,' 1833 i 
 14—2 
 
212 
 
 NEWMAN 
 
 •Five Letters on Church Reform' 
 (from * The Record '), 1833 ; Tracts 
 nos. 1-3, 6-8, 10, 11, 15, 19-21, 31, 
 33, 34, 38, 41, 45, 47, 71, 73-76, 79, 
 82, 83, 85, 88, 90 in ' Tracts for the 
 Times,' 1834-41 ; 'Parochial Sermons' 
 (6 vols.), 1834-42 ; 'The Restoration 
 of Suffragan Bishops,' 1835 ; ' Letter 
 to Parishioners,' 1835 ; 'Elucidations 
 of Dr. Hampden's Theological State- 
 ments ' (anon. ), 1836 ; ' Lyra Apos- 
 tolica' (anon.), 1836 ; * Letter to the 
 Margaret Professor of Divinity,' 
 1836; 'Make Ventures for Christ's 
 Sake,' 1836 ; ' Lectures on the Pro- 
 phetical Office of the Church,' 1837 ; 
 
 • Letter to the Rev. G. Fausett,' 1838 ; 
 
 • Lectures on Justification,' 1838 ; 
 
 • Plain Sermons ' (with others), 1839, 
 etc. ; ' The Church of the Fathers ' 
 (anon.), 1840 ; 'The Tamworth Read- 
 ing Room' (under pseud. : 'Oatholic- 
 us,' from 'The Times'), 1841 ; 'Letter 
 ... to the Rev. K. W. Jelf ' (with 
 initials : J. H. N.), 1841 ; 'Letter to 
 Richard, Bishop of Oxford,' 1841 ; 
 ' Sermons bearing on Subjects of the 
 Day,' 1843 ; * Sermons . . . preached 
 before the University of Oxford,' 
 1843 ; ' Essay on the Development of 
 Christian Doctrine,' 1845 ; ' The pro- 
 posed Decree on the subject of No. 
 XC (anon.), 1845 ; ' Dissertatiun- 
 culae quaedam critico - theologicae,* 
 1847 ; 'Loss and Gain' (anon.), 1848; 
 ' Discourses addressed to Mixed Con- 
 gregations,' 1849; 'Lectures on cer- 
 tain difficulties felt by Anglicans in 
 submitting to the Catholic Church,' 
 
 1850 ; ' Christ upon the Waters ' 
 [1850] ; * Lectures on the present 
 position of Catholics in England,' 
 
 1851 ; 'Discourses on the Scope and 
 Nature of University Education,' 
 1852; 'The Second Spring,' 1852; 
 
 • Verses on Religious Subjects ' (under 
 initials : J. H. N.), 1853 ; ' Hymns,' 
 1854 ; ' Lectures on the History of 
 the Turks ' (anon.), 1854 ; ' Who's to 
 Blame V (from ' Catholic Standard '), 
 1855 ; 'Remarks on the Oratorian 
 Vocation' (priv. ptd.), 1856; *Cal- 
 lista' (anon.), [1856]; 'The Office 
 and Work of the Universities,' 1856 ; 
 
 • Sermons preached on Various Occa- 
 
 sions,' 1857 ; 'Lectures and Essays 
 on University Subjects,' 1858 ; 'Hymn 
 Tunes of the Oratory' (anon. ; priv. 
 ptd.), 1860; 'The Tree beside the 
 Waters ' [1860] ; ' Verses for Peni- 
 tents ' (anon.; priv. ptd.), 1860; 
 ' Mr. Kingsley and Dr. Newman : 
 a correspondence,' 1864 ; ' Apologia 
 pro Vita Sua,' 1864 ; ' Letter to the 
 Rev. E. B. Pusey,' 1866 (2nd edn. 
 same year) ; ' The Pope and the 
 Revolution,' 1866; 'The Dream of 
 Gerontius ' (under initials : J. H. N.), 
 1866 ; 'Verses on Various Occasions,' 
 1868; 'Works' (36 vols.), 1868-81; 
 ' Essay in Aid of a Grammar of 
 Assent,' 1870 ; * Essays, critical 
 and historical* (2 vols.), 1872; 
 'The Trials of Theodoret,' 1873; 
 
 * Causes of the Rise and Success of 
 Arianism,' 1872 ; ' The Heresy of 
 Apollinaris,' 1874 ; ' Tracts, theo- 
 logical and ecclesiastical,' 1874 ; 
 'Letter ... to ... the Duke of 
 Norfolk,' 1875 ; 'The Via Media of 
 the English Church,' 1877; 'Two 
 Sermons' (priv. ptd.), 1880; 'Pro- 
 logue to the Andria of Terence* 
 (priv. ptd.), 1882; 'What is of 
 obligation for a Catholic to believe 
 concerning the Inspiration of the 
 Canonical Scriptures ' [1884] ; ' Medi- 
 tations and Devotions,' 1893. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Letters and Corre- 
 spondence' (2 vols.), ed. by Miss 
 Mozley, 1891 [1890]. 
 
 He translated Fleury's 'Ecclesi- 
 astical History,' 1S42 ; ' Select Trea- 
 tises of St. Athanasius,' 1842-44 ; 
 and edited : R. H. Froude's ' Re- 
 mains • (with Keble), 1838 ; Sutton's 
 'Godly Meditations,' 1838; ' Hymni 
 Ecclesiae,'1838; 'Bibliotheca Patrum' 
 (with Pusey and others), 1838, etc. ; 
 Bishop Sparrow's * Rationale upon the 
 Book of Common Prayer,' 1839 ; 
 Dr. Wells' ' The Rich Man's Duty,' 
 1840; 'Catena Aurea,' 1841; 'The 
 Cistercian Saints,' pts. i., ii., 1844; 
 
 * Maxims of the Kingdom of Heaven,* 
 I860'; Terence's 'Phormio,' 1864, 
 and 'Eunuchus,' 1866 ; W. Palmer's 
 ' Notes of a Visit to the Russian 
 Chixrch,' 1882; Plautus' 'Aulularia,* 
 1883 ; Terence's ' Andria,' 1883. [Ha 
 
NEWTON— NOEL 
 
 213 
 
 also contributed prefaces to a number 
 of theological publications, 1838-82.] 
 
 Life : by Wilfrid Meynell, 1890. 
 
 NEWTON (Sir Isaac), 1642-1727. 
 Born, at Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, 
 25 Dec. 1642. At Grantham Gram- 
 mar School, 1654-56, 1660-61. Ma- 
 tric, Trin. Coll., Camb., as Subsizar, 
 5 June 1661 ; Scholar 28 April 1664 ; 
 B.A., Jan. 1665. Occupied in mathe- 
 matical investigations. First idea of 
 law of Universal Gravitation, 1665. At 
 Woolsthorpe, 1665-67. Returned to 
 Cambridge, 1667 ; Fellow of Trin. 
 Coll., 1 Oct. 1667 ; Luca&ian Pro- 
 fessor, 1669-1701. F.R.S., 11 Jan. 
 1672 ; Member of Council, 1699. M.P. 
 for Cambridge Univ., 1689. Warden 
 of the Mint, March 1696 ; Master, 
 1699. Foreign Associate of French 
 Academy, 1699. M.P. for Cambridge 
 Univ., Nov. 1701 to July 1702. Pres. 
 of Royal Soc, 1703-27. Knighted, 
 15 April 1706. Died, at Kensington, 
 20 March, 1727. Buried in West- 
 minster Abbey. 
 
 Works : Newton's published works 
 number upwards of 230. A full list 
 is given in G. J. Gray's * Bibliography 
 of the Works of Sir Isaac Newton,' 
 1888. The * Principia ' was published 
 in 1687. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by S. Horsley, 
 (incomplete), in 5 vols., 1779 85. 
 
 Life : by Sir David Brewster, 2nd 
 edn. 1860. 
 
 NiCHOL (John), 1833-1894. Born, 
 at Montrose, 8 Sept. 1833. At school 
 in Glasgow, 1839-42; at Western 
 Academy, 1842-46 ; at Kelso Gram- 
 mar School, 1847-48. At Glasgow 
 Univ., Nov. 1848 to April 1855. 
 Matric. Balliol Coll., Oxford, 24 
 April, 1855 ; B.A., 1859 ; Exhibi- 
 tioner, 1859-61 ; M.A., 1874. Stu- 
 dent of Gray's Inn, 12 Nov. 1859. 
 Married Jane Stewart Bell, 10 April 
 1861. Prof, of Eng. Lit., Glasgow 
 Univ., April 1862 to 1889. Lived in 
 Glasgow. Contrib. to * Encycl. Bri- 
 tannica,' 'Diet, of Nat. Biog.,' and 
 various reviews, magazines and other 
 periodicals. Visit to America, autumn 
 of 1865. Hon. LL.D., St. Andrew's, 
 
 25 Feb. 1873. Removed to London, 
 autumn of 1890. Died, at Brighton, 
 11 Oct. 1894. Cremated, at Woking ; 
 ashes buried in Grange Cemetery, 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 Works : 'Leaves' (priv. ptd.), 
 1854; 'Fragments of Criticism' 
 (priv. ptd.), 1860; 'Inaugural Ad- 
 dress ' at Glasgow Univ., 1862 ; ' Ad- 
 dress on National Education," 1869 ; 
 * Sketch of the Early History of Scot- 
 tish Poetry,' 1871 ; ' Hannibal,' 1873 ; 
 'Tables of European Literature and 
 History,' 1877 [1876]; 'Tables of 
 Ancient Literature and History,'1877 ; 
 ' Primer of English Composition,' 
 1879 ; 'Byron,' 1880 ; 'The Death of 
 Themistocles,' 1881 ; 'Robert Bums,' 
 1882 ; * American Literature,' 1882 ; 
 'Scotch University Reform,' 1888. 
 ' Francis Bacon ' (2 vols.), 1888-89 ; 
 ' Questions and Exercises on English 
 Composition' (with W. S. McCor- 
 mick), 1890 ; 'Reminiscences of Ober- 
 Ammergau,' 1890 ; * The Teaching of 
 English Literature in our Uni- 
 versities,' 1891 ; ' Thomas Carlyle,' 
 1892. 
 
 He edited : George Herbert's 
 'Poems,' 1863; Sydney Dobell's 
 'Poems,' 1875, and 'Thoughts on 
 Art, etc.,' 1876. 
 
 Life : by Prof. Knight, 1896. 
 
 NOEL (Roden Berkeley Wrio- 
 thesley), 1834-1894. Born, 27 Aug. 
 1834. Matric, Trin. CoU., Camb., 
 1855 ; B.A., 1858. Married Alice De 
 Broe, 21 March 1863. Groom of 
 Privy Chamber to Queen, 1867-71. 
 Died suddenly, at Mainz, 26 May 
 1894. 
 
 Works : • Behind the Veil,' 1863 ; 
 'Beatrice,' 1868; 'The Red Flag,' 
 1872 ; 'Livingstone in Africa,' 1874 ; 
 ' The House of Ravensburg,' 1877 ; 
 ' A Little Child's Monument,' 1881 ; 
 ' A Philosophy of Immortality,' 1882 ; 
 ' Songs of the Heights and Deeps,' 
 1885 [1884]; 'Essays on Poetry and 
 Poets,' 1886; 'A Modern Faust,' 
 1888; 'Life of Lord Byron,' 1890; 
 ' Poor People's Christmas,' 1890 ; 
 'Selected Poems' ('Canterbury Poets' 
 series), 1892. 
 
214 
 
 NORRIS— NORTON 
 
 Posthumous: 'My Sea, and other 
 poems,' ed. by S. Addleshaw, 1896. 
 
 He edited : Selection from Spenser's 
 poems, 1887 ; Otway's ' Plays,' 1888. 
 
 NORRIS (William Edward), b. 1847. 
 Born, in London, 18 Nov. 1847. At 
 Eton, 1860-64. Student of Inner 
 Temple, 13 Nov. 1871 ; called to Bar, 
 17 Nov. 1874. Married Frances 
 Isobel Ballenden, 22 AprU 1871 ; she 
 died, 1881. Resides at Torquay.' 
 
 Works: 'Heaps of Money,' 1877; 
 'Mademoiselle de Mersac,' 1880; 
 'Matrimony,' 1881 [1880] ; 'No New 
 Thing,' 1883; 'Thirlby Hall,' 1883; 
 • A Man of his Word,' 1885 ; ' Adrian 
 Vidal,' 1885; 'My Friend Jim,' 
 1886 ; ' A Bachelor's Blunder,' 1886 ; 
 •Major and Minor,' 1887; 'Chris,' 
 1888; 'The Rogue,' 1888; 'Miss 
 Shafto,' 1889 ; 'Mrs. Fenton,' 1889; 
 *The Baffled Conspirators,' 1890; 
 ' Marcia,' 1890 ; 'Misadventure,' 1890 ; 
 'Jack's Father,' 1891 ; 'Miss Went- 
 worth's Idea,' 1891; 'Mr. Chaine's 
 Sons,' 1891 ; *A Deplorable Affair,' 
 1893 ; ' Matthew Austin,' 1894 ; 
 'Saint Ann's,' 1894; 'A Victim of 
 Good Luck,' 1894 ; 'The Spectre of 
 Strathannan,' 1895; 'The Despotic 
 Lady,' 1895; 'Billy Bellew,' 1895; 
 'The Dancer in Yellow,' 1896; 
 ' Clarissa Furiosa,' 1897. 
 
 NORTH (Christopher), pseud. See 
 WUson (J.) 
 
 NORTH (Roger), 1653-1734. Born, 
 at Tostock, Suffolk, 3 Sept. 1653. At 
 school at Thetford, till 1666. Matric. 
 Jesus Coll., Camb., 30 Oct. 1667. 
 Left Cambridge, 1669 ; took no degree. 
 Student of Middle Temple, 21 April 
 1669 ; called to Bar, 1675. Resided 
 in Temple. Steward to see of Canter- 
 bury, 1678. King's Counsel, 1682. 
 Bencher of Middle Temple. Soli- 
 citor-General to Duke of York, 1684. 
 M.P. for Dunwich, 1685. Attorney- 
 General to Queen, 1686. Married 
 Mary Gayer, 1696. Last forty years 
 of life spent at Rougham, Norfolk. 
 Died there, 1 March 1734. 
 
 Works : ' A Discomrse on Fish and 
 Fish Ponds' (anon.), 1683. 
 
 Posthumous: ' Examen,' 1740 ; 'Life 
 of the Rt. Hon. Francis North,' 1742; 
 ' Lives of . . . Sir Dudley North . . . 
 and Dr. John North,' 1744 ; « A Dis- 
 course of the Poor,' 1753 ; * Discourse 
 on the Study of the Laws,' 1824 ; 
 'Memoires of Musick,' ed. by Dr. 
 Rimbault, 1846 ; 'Autobiography,' ed. 
 by A. Jessopp, 1877 ; ' Lives of the 
 Norths, with a selection from the 
 North correspondence . . . and Roger 
 North's Autobiography,' ed. \xj Dr. 
 Jessopp, 1890. 
 
 NORTH (Sir Thomas), 1535 [1]- 
 1601[1]. Born, about 1535[?]. Pro- 
 bably educated at Peterhouse, Camb. 
 Student of Lincoln's Inn, 1557. 
 Adopted literary career. Freedom of 
 City of Cambridge, 1568. With his 
 brother, Lord North, on Embassy to 
 French Court, 1574. Knighted, 1591. 
 J.P. for Cambridge, 1592. Married 
 (i.) Mrs. Elizabeth Rich, (ii.) Mrs. 
 Judith Bridgewater. Pension from 
 Queen, 1601. Died, about 1601[?]. 
 
 Works: 'The Diall of Princes' 
 (trans, from Guevara's 'Libro Aureo'), 
 1557; Translation of 'The Morall 
 Philosophic of Doni,' 1570 ; Transla- 
 tion of Plutarch's 'Lives,' 1579. 
 
 NORTON {Mrs. Caroline Elizabeth 
 Sarah), 1808-1877. Born [Caroline 
 Elizabeth Sarah Sheridan], in London, 
 1808. Precocious literary ability. 
 Married (i.) to Hon. George Chappie 
 Norton, 30 June 1827 ; rupture with 
 him, 1836. Edited 'La Belle As- 
 semblee,' 1832-36 ; * The English 
 Annual,' 1834. Prolific writer of 
 poems and novels ; contributed fre- 
 quently to periodicals. Husband died, 
 24 Feb. 1875. Married (ii.) to Sir Wil- 
 liam Stirling-Maxwell, 1 March 1877. 
 Died, 15 June 1877. 
 
 Works: 'The Sorrows of Rosalie' 
 (anon.), 1829 ; ' The Undying One,' 
 1830 (2nd edn. same year) ; 'Poems' 
 (Boston), 1833; 'The Wife and 
 Woman's Reward * (anon.), 1835 ; 
 ' The Dream,' 1840 ; ' Lines ' [on the 
 Queen], [1840]; 'A Voice from the 
 Factories' (anon.), 1836 ; 'The Child 
 of the Islands,' 1845 ; ' Aunt Carry's 
 
NORTON— O'KEEFFB 
 
 21S 
 
 Ballads for Children,' 1847 ; * Stuart 
 of Dunleath,' 1851 ; * English Laws 
 for Women in the Nineteenth Cen- 
 tury ' (priv. ptd.), 1854 ; 'A Letter to 
 the Queen on Lord Chancellor Cran- 
 worth's Marriage and Divorce Bill,' 
 1855 ; ' The Centenary Festival ' (from 
 • Daily Scotsman'), [1859] ; ' The Lady 
 of La Garaye,' 1862 [1861] ; 'Lost and 
 Saved,' 1863; * Old Sir Douglas' 
 (from 'Macmillan's Mag.'), 1868 
 [1867]. 
 
 She edited : ' A Residence at Sierra 
 Leone,' 1849 ; Miss Stapleton's 'The 
 Pastor of Silverdale,' 1867; 'The Rose 
 of Jericho,' 1870. 
 
 NOBTON (Thomas), 1632.1584. 
 Bom, in London, 1532. Probably 
 educated at Cambridge. Sec. to Pro- 
 tector. Student of Inner Temple, 
 1555. Married (i.) Margery Cranmer, 
 1556[?]. M.P. for Gatton, 1558. 
 Called to Bar, 1560[?]. Play, 'Gorbo- 
 duc ' (written with T. Sackville), per- 
 formed in Inner Temple Hall, 6 Jan. 
 1561. M.P. for Berwick, 1562. 
 Counsel to Stationers' Company, 1562. 
 Married (ii.) Alice Cranmer, 1567[?]. 
 Remembrancer of City of London, Feb. 
 1571. M.P. for City of London, 
 April 1571 ; re-elected, 1572 and 1580. 
 In Rome, 1579-80. Licenser of Press, 
 Jan. 1581. Solicitor to Merchant 
 Taylors' Company, June 1581. Con- 
 fined to his house for opinions on 
 English Episcopacy, spring of 1582. 
 Imprisoned in Tower on a charge of 
 treason, Jan. 1584 ; released soon 
 afterwards. Died, at Sharpenhoe, 10 
 March 1584. 
 
 Works : 'The Institutionof Christian 
 Religion ' (anon. ), 1562 ; ' The Tragedie 
 of Gorboduc' (with T. Sackville, 
 unauthorized edn., 1565 ; authorized 
 edn., called : 'The Tragedie of Feerex 
 and Porrex,' 1570) ; 'A Bull granted 
 by the Pope to Dr. Harding ' (anon.), 
 [1567] ; • A Disclosing of the Great 
 Bull' (anon.), [1567] ; 'An Addition 
 Declaratorie to the Bulles' (anon.), 
 [1567] ; * The Queenes Majestes poore 
 deceyved Subjects,* 1569 ; ' A Warning 
 against the dangerous Practices of 
 Papistes' (anon.), [1569]; 'Orations of 
 
 Arsanes' (anon.; attrib. to Norton), 
 [1570]. 
 
 He translated: Peter Martyr's 
 'Epistle to the Duke of Somerset,' 
 1550; Calvin's 'Institutions of the 
 Christian Religion,' 1561 ; Nowell's 
 ' A Catechisme ... of Christian Re- 
 ligion,' 1570. 
 
 OCCLEVE (Thomas), 1370[1]-1450 
 IV. Born, about 1370[?]. Held post 
 in Office of Privy Seal, 1406[?]- 
 1430[?]. Died, about 1450[?]. 
 
 Works: 'Poems,' ed. by G. Mason, 
 1796 ; * De Regimine Principum,' ed, 
 by T. Wright, 1860 ; Collected Works, 
 pubd. by Early Eng. Text Soc, 1892. 
 
 O'KEEFFE ( John),1747-1833. Born, 
 in Dublin, 24 June 1747. At school 
 in Dublin. Afterwards studied art 
 there for a short time, but before long 
 became an actor. Married Mary 
 Heaphy, 1 Oct. 1774. First play, 
 ' Tony Lumpkin in Town,' produced 
 at Haymarket Theatre, 2 July 1778. 
 To London, 1780. Plays produced 
 at Haymarket Theatre, 1778-96 ; at 
 Covent Garden, 1782-1813 ; at Drury 
 Lane, 1798. (Became totally blind, 
 1797. Crown pension, 1820. Died, 
 at Southampton, 4 Feb. 1833. 
 
 Works : ' The She-Gallant ' (anon.), 
 1767; 'The Son-in-law,' 1779; 
 ' Tony Lumpkin in Town,' 1780 ; 
 'The Banditti' (anon.), 1781 ; 'The 
 Dead Alive,' 1783 ; ' The Birth- 
 day,' 1783; 'The Agreeable Sur- 
 prise' (anon.), 1784; 'The Young 
 Quaker' (anon.), 1784 ; 'The Beggar 
 on Horseback,' 1785 ; ' Patrick in 
 Prussia,' 1788 ; 'Peeping Tom of 
 Coventry^' 1786 ; 'The Poor Soldier' 
 (anon.), 1786; 'The Prisoner at 
 Large,' 1788 ; ' The Farmer,' 1788 ; 
 ' The Castle of Andalusia ' (anon. ), 
 1788 ; 'The Little Hunchback,' 1789; 
 'Fontainbleau,' 1790; 'The Basket- 
 Maker,' 1790; 'Wild Oats,' 1791; 
 ' Modern Antiques,' 1792 ; ' The 
 London Hermit,' 1793 ; ' Sprigs of 
 Laurel,' 1793 ; ' The World in a 
 Village,' 1793 ; ' The Irish Mimic,' 
 1795 ; ' Life's Vagaries,' 1795 ; 
 'Sherwood' (anon.), 1795; 'Oat- 
 
218 
 
 OLDHAM— OLIPH ANT 
 
 lands,' 1795; 'The Lad of the 
 Hills' (anon.), 1796; 'Dramatic 
 Works' (4 vols.), 1798; 'The High- 
 land Reel,' 1800 ; ' The Lie of a Day,' 
 1800; 'The Positive Man,' 1800; 
 ' Recollections ' (2 vols.), 1826. 
 
 OLDHAM (John), 1653-1683. Born, 
 at Shipton-Moyne, Gloucestershire, 
 9 Aug. 1653. Early education at 
 Tetbury Grammar School. Matric, 
 St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 17 June 
 1670; B.A., May 1674. School- 
 master at Croydon, 1675-78. Private 
 tutorship at Reigate, 1678-81 ; after- 
 wards in London. Died at Holme- 
 Pierrepoint, Nottingham (the seat of 
 Lord Kingston, who had been a 
 patron of his), 9 Dec. 1683. 
 
 Works : ' Satires upon the Jesuits ' 
 (anon. ), 1681 ; ' Poems and Transla- 
 tions,' 1683. 
 
 Posthumous: * Remains in Prose 
 and Verse,' 1684. 
 
 He translated : * Anacreon ' (with 
 others), 1683. 
 
 Collected Works : in 3 vols., ed. by 
 E. Thompson, 1770. 
 
 OLDMIXON (John), 1673 - 1742. 
 Born, at Oldmixon, near Bridgwater, 
 1673. Early ability in verse writing. 
 Opera, 'The Grove,' produced at 
 Drury Lane, 1700; 'The Governor 
 of Cyprus,' Lincoln's Inn Fields, 1703. 
 Married Elizabeth Parry, March 1703. 
 Edited 'The Muses Mercury,' Jan. 
 1707 to Jan. 1708 ; ' The Medley,' Oct. 
 1710 to Aug. 1711. Political agent at 
 Bridgwater, 1718. Died, in London, 
 9 July 1742. 
 
 Works: 'Poems on Several Occa- 
 sions,' 1696 ; 'Thyrsis ' (in Motteux's 
 •The Novelty'), 1697; 'A Poem 
 humbly addrest to the . . . Earl of 
 Portland,' 1698 ; 'The Grove,' 1700; 
 'The Governour of Cyprus,' 1703; 
 •Amores Britannici,' 1703; 'A Pas- 
 toral Poem on the Victories at 
 Schellenburgh and Blenheim,' 1704 ; 
 'The British Empire in America' 
 (2 vols.), 1708; 'The History of 
 Addresses' (anon.), 1709-10 ; 'Letter 
 to the Seven Lords, etc' (anon.), 
 1711; 'Reflections on Dr. Swift's 
 
 Letter to the Earl of Oxford ' (anon. ), 
 [1712]; 'The Dutch Barrier Ours,' 
 1712 ; 'The Secret History of Eu- 
 rope,' pts. i., ii., 1712 ; pt. iii., 1713 ; 
 pt. iv., 1715; 'Life and History of 
 Belisarius' (anon.), 1713; 'Arcana 
 Gallica' (anon.), 1714; 'Memoirs of 
 North Britain ' (anon.), 1715; 'Me- 
 moirs of Ireland,' 1716; 'Court 
 Tales' (anon.), 1717; 'Defence of 
 Mr. Maccartney' (anon.), 1719; 
 ' Critical History of England ' (anon. ; 
 2 vols.), 1724-26; 'Review of Dr. 
 Zachary Grey's Defence' (anon.), 
 1725; 'Clarendon and Whitlock 
 Compared ' (anon.), 1727 ; ' An Essay 
 on Criticism' (anon.), 1728; 'The 
 History of England during the Reigns 
 of the Royal House of Stuart' (anon.), 
 1730; 'Reply to Bishop Atterbury's 
 Vindication,' 1732 ; 'A Reply to the 
 . . . Reflections upon him in three 
 Weekly Miscellanies,' 1733; 'The 
 History of England during the Reigns 
 of King William and Queen Mary, 
 Queen Anne, King George I.,' 1735 ; 
 ' The History of England during the 
 Reigns of Henry VIIL, Edward VL, 
 Queen Mary, Queen Elizabeth,' 1739 ; 
 ' History and Life of Robert Blake ' 
 (anon. ; attrib. to Oldmixon), [1740 ?] ; 
 ' The British Empire in America ' 
 (anon.), 1741. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Memoirs of the 
 Press,' 1742. 
 
 He translated : Tasso's * Amintas,' 
 1698; 'Mr. Le Clerc's Account of 
 the Earl of Clarendon's History of 
 the Civil Wars,' 1710; Bonhours' 
 ' Arts of Logick and Rhetorick,' 1728 ; 
 and edited: 'The Life and Pos- 
 thumous Works of A. Maynwaring,' 
 1715 ; Nixon's ' Cheshire Prophecy.' 
 1745. ^ •^' 
 
 OLIPHANT (Carolina), afterwards 
 BARONESS NAIRNE, see Nairne. 
 
 OLIPHANT (Laurence), 1829-1888. 
 Born, at Capetown, 1829. At school 
 near Salisbury till 1841. In Ceylon 
 (where his father was Chief Justice) 
 with private tutor, 1841-46. Travelled 
 on Continent with his parents, 1846- 
 48. Returned with them to Ceylon 
 and became private sec. to his father. 
 
OLIPHANT 
 
 217 
 
 To England with his mother, 1851. 
 Student at Lincoln's Inn, 1851. 
 Began to study law at Edinburgh, 
 
 1852. Tour in Russia, winter of 
 1852-53. On staff of 'Daily News,' 
 
 1853. In Canada, as Sec. to Lord 
 Elgin, 1853-54. In Crimea during 
 the War, 1855, as correspondent to 
 the 'Times.' In America, 1856. Sec. 
 to Lord Elgin on the latter's mission 
 to China and Japan, 1857-59. Visit 
 to Italy, 1860. First Sec. to Lega- 
 tion at Yeddo, June 1861 ; returned 
 to England, wounded, same year. 
 Started 'The Owl,' with Sir A. Borth- 
 wick and others, 1864 ; contrib. to 
 nos. 1-10. Frequent contributor to 
 •Blackwood's Mag.,' from 1865. M.P. 
 for Stirling Burghs, 1865; resigned, 
 1867. To America, to join Thomas Lake 
 Harris's community at Brocton, 1867. 
 His mother joined him there, 1868. 
 Returned to England, 1870. Corre- 
 spondent for 'The Times' during 
 Franco-Prussian War, 1870-72. Mar- 
 ried (i.) Alice Le Strange, June 1872. 
 Returned to Brocton with wife and 
 mother, 1873. Employed by Harris 
 in commercial and financial business ; 
 his wife sent to California. In 
 Palestine in connection with Jewish 
 colonization there, 1879-80. Joined 
 by his wife in England, 1880. Visit 
 to Egypt with her, winter of 1880-81. 
 To Brocton on account of illness of 
 his mother, May 1881 ; she died 
 soon afterwards. Rupture of rela- 
 tions with Harris. To Palestine with 
 his wife, 1882 ; settled at Haifa. Wife 
 died, 2 Jan. 1887. Visit to America, 
 1888. Married (ii.) Rosamund Dale 
 Owen, 16 Aug. 1888. Died, at Twick- 
 enham, 23 Dec. 1888. 
 
 Works : * A Journey to Katmandu,' 
 1852 ; 'The Russian Shores of the 
 Black Sea,' 1853 (2nd edn. same 
 year) ; 'Minnesota and the Far West,' 
 1855 ; * The Transcaucasian Provinces 
 the proper field of operation for a 
 Christian Army,' 1855 ; * The Trans- 
 caucasian Campaign,' 1856; 'Narra- 
 tive of the Earl of Elgin's Mission 
 to China and Japan ' (2 vols.), 1859 ; 
 • Patriots and Filibusters,' 1860 ; 
 'Universal Suffrage and Napoleon 
 
 the Third,' 1860 ; * On the Present 
 State of Political Parties in America, ' 
 1866; 'Piccadilly,' 1870 (2nd edn. 
 same year) ; ' The Land of Gilead,' 
 1880 ; 'The Land of Khemi,' 1882 ; 
 • Traits and Travesties,' 1882 ; 
 ' Altiora Peto,' 1883 ; ' Sympneumata,' 
 1885; * Massollam,' 1886 ; 'Episodes 
 in a Life of Adventure,' 1887 ; 
 'Haifa,' 1887; 'Fashionable Philo- 
 sophy,' 1887; * The Star in the East,' 
 1887 ; ' Scientific Religion,' 1888. 
 Life : by Mrs. Oliphant, 1891. 
 
 OLIPHANT {Mrs. Margaret Oil- 
 phant), 1828-1897. Born [Margaret 
 Oliphant Wilson], at Wallyford, Mid- 
 lothian, 4 April 1828. Active literary 
 career since 1849. Married to Francis 
 Wilson Oliphant, 4 May 1852; l.e 
 died, 1859. Of late years resided at 
 Wimbledon. Died there, 25 June 
 1897. Buried at Eton. 
 
 Works: 'Passages in the Life of 
 Mrs. Margaret Maitland' (anon.), 
 1849; 'Merkland' (anon.), 1851; 
 ' Caleb Field' (anon.), 1851 ; 'Memoirs 
 and Resolutions of Adam Graeme* 
 (anon.), 1852 ; ' Harry Muir ' (anon.), 
 1853 ; ' Katie Stewart ' (anon.-), 1853 ; 
 'The Quiet Heart' (anon.), 1854; 
 'Magdalen Hepburn' (anon.), 1864; 
 'Lilliesleaf (anon.), 1855; ' Zaidee,' 
 
 1856 ; 'The Three Gifts,' 1857 ; 'The 
 Athelings,' 1857 ; ' Adam Graeme,' 
 
 1857 ; 'The Days of my Life' (anon.), 
 1857; 'Sundays,' 1858; 'Orphans' 
 (anon.), 1858 ; 'The Laird of Norlaw' 
 (anon.), 1858; 'Agnes Hopetoun's 
 Schools,' 1859 ; ' Lucy Crofton'(anon.), 
 1860; 'The House on the Moor' 
 (anon.), 1861; 'The Last of the 
 Mortimers ' (anon. ), 1862 ; ' Life of 
 Edward Irving ' (2 vols. ), 1862 (2nd 
 edn. same year) ; ' Chronicles of Car- 
 lingford : Salem Chapel' (anon.), 1863 ; 
 'Chronicles of Carlingford : The Rector 
 and the Doctor's Family' (anon.), 
 1863 ; ' Heart and Cross' (anon.), 1863 ; 
 ' Chronicles of Carlingford : The Per- 
 petual Curate ' (anon. ), 1864 ; 'Agnes,' 
 1866 [1865]; 'A Son of the Soil' 
 (anon.), 1866: 'Chronicles of Carling- 
 ford : Miss Marjoribanks ' (anon. ), 
 1866 ; ' Madonna Mary,' 1867 ; 'Brown- 
 
218 
 
 O'SH AUGHNESS Y- OTWAY 
 
 lows,' 1868; 'The Minister's Wife,' 
 1869 ; ♦ Historical Sketches of the 
 Reign of George II.' (2 vols.), 1869 ; 
 ♦The Three Brothers,' 1870 ; 'John,' 
 1870; 'Francis of Assist' [1870]; 
 •Squire Arden,' 1871 ; 'Ombra,' 1872 ; 
 ' Memoir of Count de Montalembert ' 
 (2 vols.), 1872 ; 'At His Gates,' 1872 ; 
 'May,' 1873; 'Innocent,' 1873; 'A 
 Rose in June,' 1874 ; ' For Love and 
 Life,' 1874 ; 'The Story of Valentine,' 
 1875; 'Whiteladies,' 1875; *The 
 Makers of Florence,' 1876 ; * The 
 Curate in Charge* (6th edn. same 
 year), 1876 ; 'Phoebe, Junior,' 1876 ; 
 •Mrs. Arthur,' 1877; 'Young Mus- 
 grave,' 1877 ; 'Carita,' 1877 ; 'Dante,' 
 1877 ; • Dress,' 1878 ; • The Primrose 
 Path,' 1878 ; • Within the Precincts,' 
 1879; •The Greatest Heiress in 
 England,' 1880 [1879]; • Molifere ' 
 (with F. B. C. Tarver), 1879; « He 
 that Will not when he May,' 1880 ; 
 'A Beleaguered City,' 1880; 'Cer- 
 vantes,' 1880; 'Harry Joscelyn,' 
 1881 ; ' The Literary History of Eng- 
 land' (3 vols.), 1882; 'In Trust,' 
 1882; 'A Little Pilgrim in the Un- 
 seen' (anon.), 1882 ; ' It was a Lover 
 and his Laas,' 1883 ; ' The Ladies 
 Lindores,' 1883; 'Sheridan,' 1883; 
 • Hester,' 1883 ; ' The Wizard's Son,' 
 
 1884 ; 'Su: Tom,' 1884 ; 'Two Stories 
 of the Seen and the Unseen' (anon.), 
 
 1885 ; 'Madam,' 1885 [1884]; 'Oliver's 
 Bride,' 1886 ; 'A Country Gentleman,' 
 
 1886 ; ' Effie Ogilvie,' 1886 ; ' A House 
 divided against itself,' 1886; 'The 
 Son of his Father,' 1887 ; 'The Makers 
 of Venice,' 1887 ; 'Joyce,' 1888 ; 'The 
 Second Son,' 1888; 'Memoir of the 
 Life of John TuUoch,' 1888; 'The 
 Land of Darkness' (anon.), 1888; 
 •Cousin Mary,' 1888; 'Lady Car,' 
 1889; 'Neighbours on the Green,' 
 1889; 'A Poor Gentleman,' 1889; 
 ' Sons and Daughters,' 1890 ; 'Royal 
 Edinburgh,' 1890; 'The Mystery of 
 Mrs. Blencarrow ' [1890] ; ' Kirsteen,' 
 1890 ; ' The Duke's Daughter,' 1890 ; 
 'Janet,' 1891; 'Jerusalem,' 1891; 
 'Memoir of the Life of Laurence 
 Oliphant,' 1891 ; ' The Railway Man 
 and his Children,' 1891; 'The Vic- 
 torian Age of English Literature' 
 
 (with F. R. Oliphant), 1892; 'The 
 Marriage of Elinor,' 1892 ; * The 
 Cuckoo in the Nest,' 1892 ; ' Diana 
 Trelawny,' 1892; 'The Heir Pre- 
 sumptive and the Heir Apparent,' 
 1892; 'Thomas Chalmers,' 1893; 
 'The Sorceress ' 1S93 ; 'Lady William,' 
 
 1893 ; ' Historical Characters from the 
 Reign of Queen Anne,' 1894 ; 'A 
 House in Bloomsbury,' 1894 ; ' The 
 'Prodigals and their Inheritance,' 
 
 1894 ; 'Two Strangers,' 1894 ; 'Who 
 was Lost and is Found,' 1894 ; • Sir 
 Robert's Fortune,* 1895 ; 'The Makers 
 of Modem Rome,' 1895 ; *A Child's 
 History of Scotland,' 1895 ; ' Jeanne 
 D'Arc,' 1896; 'Old Mr. Tredgold,' 
 1896; VThe Two Marys,' 1896 ; •The 
 Unjust Steward,' 1896; •The Ways 
 of Life,' 1897. 
 
 She has edited: •Foreign Classics 
 for English Readers,' 1877, etc. 
 
 O'SHAUGHNESSY (Arthur Wil- 
 liam Edgar), 1844-1881. Born, in 
 London, 14 March 1844. Educated 
 privately. Junr. Assistant, British 
 Museum Library, June 1861 ; Assis- 
 tant in Zoology Dept., Aug. 1863. 
 Married Eleanor Marston, 1873. Died 
 30 Jan. 1881. 
 
 Works: 'An Epic of Women,' 
 1870 ; ' Lays of France,' 1872 ; 'Music 
 and Moonlight,' 1874; 'Toyland' 
 (with his wife), 1875. 
 
 Posthumous : 'Songs of a Worker,' 
 ed. by A. W. N. Deacon, 1881. 
 
 Life : by L. C. Moulton, with selec- 
 tions from his poems, 1894. 
 
 OTWAY (Thomas), 1652-1685. Bom, 
 at Trotton, Sussex, 3 March 1652. 
 Educated at Winchester Coll., till 
 1669. Matric, Ch. Ch., Oxford, 27 
 May 1669; left in 1672, without 
 degree. To London ; devoted himself 
 to writing plays. Produced, at Dorset 
 Gardens Theatre, ' Alcibiades,' 1675 ; 
 'Don Carlos,' 1676; 'Titus and 
 Berenice,' 1677; 'The Cheats of 
 Scapin,' 1677; 'Friendship in Fashion,' 
 1678. Enlisted, to serve in army in 
 Holland, 1678. Ensign in Duke of 
 Monmouth's regiment, Feb. 1678 ; 
 Lieutenant, Nov. 1678. Retumed to 
 England, 1679. Produced, at Dorset 
 
OUIDA— PAINE 
 
 219 
 
 Gardens Theatre, ' The Orphan,' Feb. 
 
 1680 i History and Fall of Caius 
 Marius,' 1680; 'The Souldier's For- 
 tune,' 1681 ; 'Venice Preserved,' Feb. 
 1682 ; ' The Atheist,' 1684. Died, in 
 London, April 1685. Buried in St. 
 Clement Danes Churchyard. 
 
 W(yrh8 : • Alcibiades,' 1675 ; ' Don 
 Carlos,' 1676; 'Titus and Berenice 
 , . . With a farce called The Cheats 
 of Scapin ' (adapted from Racine 
 and Molifere), 1677; 'Friendship in 
 Fashion,' 1678 ; 'The Orphan,' 1680 ; 
 ' History and Fall of Caius Marius,' 
 1680 ; • The Poet's Complaint of his 
 Muse,' 1680 ; 'The Souldier's Fortune,' 
 
 1681 ; 'Venice Preserv'd,' 1682 ; 'The 
 Atheist,' 1684. 
 
 Posthumous : * Windsor Castle,' 
 1685; 'The History of the Trium- 
 virates' (trans, from the French), 
 1686. 
 
 Collected Works : in 2 vols., 1713 ; 
 in 3 vols., ed. by W. T. Thornton, 
 1813. 
 
 OUIDA \pseud.^ i.e. Louise de La 
 Eamee], b. 1840. Bom, at Bury St. 
 Edmunds, 1840. Has resided for 
 many years in Italy. 
 
 Works: 'Held in Bondage,' 1863 ; 
 ♦Strathmore,' 1865 ; 'Chandos,' 1866 ; 
 •Cecil Castlemaine's Gage,' 1867; 
 •Idalia,' 1867; 'Under Two Flags,' 
 1867; 'Tricotrin,' 1869; 'Puck' 
 (anon.), 1870; 'FoUe-Farine,' 1871; 
 ' A Dog of Flanders,' 1872 ; 'Pascarel,' 
 1873; 'Two Little Wooden Shoes,' 
 1874; 'Signa,' 1875; 'In a Winter 
 City,' 1876 ; 'Ariadne,' 1877 ; 'Friend- 
 ship,' 1878 ; 'Moths,' 1880 ; 'A Village 
 Commune,' 1881; 'In Maremma,' 
 1882; 'Bimbi,' 1882; 'Frescoes,' 
 1883; 'Wanda,' 1883; 'Princess 
 Napraxine,' 1884 ; 'Pipistrello,' 1884 ; 
 •Othmar,' 1885; 'A Rainy June,' 
 1885; 'Don Gesualdo,' 1886; 'A 
 House Party,' 1887 ; 'Guilderoy,' 1889 ; 
 * Ruffino,' 1890 ; 'Syrlin,' 1890 ; 'The 
 Tower of Taddeo,' 1890 ; 'Santa Bar- 
 bara,' 1891; 'The New Priesthood,' 
 1893 ; ' The Silver Christ,' 1894 ; 
 'Two Oflfenders,' 1895; 'Views and 
 Opinions,' 1895; 'Toxin,' 1895 ; ' Le 
 
 Selve,' 1896; 'The Massarenes,' 1897; 
 ' Dogs,' 1897 ; 'The Altruist,' 1897. 
 
 OVEBBURY {Sir Thomas), 1581- 
 1613. Born, at Compton-Scorpion, 
 Warwickshire, 1581 ; baptized, 18 
 June. Commoner of Queen's Coll., 
 Oxford, 1595 ; matric, 27 Feb. 1596 ; 
 B.A., 15 Nov. 1598. Student of 
 Middle Temple, 1597. Visit to Scot- 
 land, 1601 ; friendship with Robert 
 Carr (afterwards Viscount Rochester) 
 begun. In favour at Court; appointed 
 Server to the King. Knighted, 19 
 June 1608. Visit to Holland, 1609. 
 In consequence of an intrigue im- 
 prisoned in the Tower, 26 April 1613. 
 Died there, of slow poisoning, 15 Sept. 
 1613. Buried in Tower church. 
 
 Works [all posthumous] : ' A Wife 
 now the Widow of Sir Thomas Over- 
 bury,' 1614 (4th edn. same year) ; 
 'The first and second parts of the 
 Remedy of Love' (translated from 
 Ovid), 1620 ; ' Sir Thomas Overbury 
 his Observations in his Travailes,' 
 1626. 
 
 Collected Works : ' Miscellaneous 
 Works,' 1756 ; ' Works,' ed. by E. F. 
 Rimbault, 1856. 
 
 PAGET (Violet), ^ee Lee (Vernon). 
 
 PAINE (Thomas), 1737-1809. Bom, 
 at Thetford, Norfolk, 29 Jan. 1737. 
 Educated at Thetford Grammar School. 
 At sea, 1755-56. In London, working 
 as staymaker, 1756-58. Removed to 
 Dover, 1758; to Sandwich, 1759. 
 Married (i.) Mary Lambert, 17 Sept. 
 1759. She died, at Margate, 1760. Re- 
 turned to Thetford, as Excise Officer, 
 July 1761 ; to Grantham, Dec. 1762 ; 
 to Alford, Aug. 1764. Dismissed 
 from Office, Aug. 1765 ; restored, Feb. 
 1768 ; sent to Lewes ; dismissed again, 
 April 1774. Married (ii.) Elizabeth 
 Ollive, 26 March 1771 ; separated from 
 her, June 1774. To Philadelphia, Nov. 
 1774, with introduction to Franklin. 
 Contrib. to 'Pennsylvania Journal,' 
 1775-76. Editor of 'Pennsylvania 
 Mag.,' Jan. 1775 to Aug. 1776. Took 
 part in American War of Independence. 
 Sec. to Committee of Foreign Affairs, 
 
220 
 
 PALEY 
 
 April 1777 to Jan. 1779. Clerk to 
 Pennsylvania Assembly, Nov. 1779 to 
 Dec. 1780. M.A., Pennsylvania Univ., 
 4 July 1780. Sec. to Col. Laurens 
 on Mission to France, Feb. to Aug. , 
 1781. Presented with estate of New 
 Rochelle, 1784. Visit to England in 
 connection with his invention of an 
 iron bridge, 1787-90. To Paris, 1790. 
 French citizen, Aug. 1793 ; Mem. of 
 Convention, Sept. 1793. On Com- 
 mittee to form Republican Constitu- 
 tion, Oct. 1793. Imprisoned in Paris, 
 Dec. 1793 to Nov. 1794. Returned 
 to America, Oct. 1802. Contrib. to 
 *The Prospect,' 1804-05. Died, in 
 New York, 8 July 1809. 
 
 Works : * The Case of the Officers of 
 Excise' (anon.), [1772]; 'Common 
 Sense' (anon.), 1776 ; 'Large Additions 
 to Common Sense ' (anon.), 1776 ; 
 * Epistle to the People called Quakers,' 
 1776 ; 'Dialogue between Gen. Mont- 
 gomery and an American Delegate,' 
 1776 ; ' The American Crisis ' (13 nos. ; 
 anon.), 1776-83; 'The PubHc Good,' 
 1780 ; ' Letter addressed to the Abbt^ 
 Raynal,' 1782; 'Thoughts on the 
 Peace,' 1783 ; * Letter to the Earl of 
 Shelburne,' 1783; 'Dissertation on 
 Government,' 1786 ; 'Prospects on the 
 Rubicon ' (anon.), 1787 ; (another edn., 
 called : ' Prospects on the War,' 
 1793) ; 'Letter to Sir G. Staunton,' 
 1788 ; ' The Rights of Man ' (2 pts.), 
 1791-92 ; 'Address and Declaration of 
 the Friends of Universal Peace and 
 Liberty ' [1791] ; ' Letter to the Abb^ 
 Sifeyes,' 1792 ; ' Four Letters on 
 Government,' 1792; 'Address to the 
 Republic of France' [1792]; 'Letter 
 addressed to the Addressers,' 1792 ; 
 'Speech in Convention on bringing 
 Louis Capet to trial,' 1792 ; ' Lettre 
 ... au Peuple frangois ' [1792] ; 
 'Opinion . . . concernant le judgment de 
 Louis XVL,' 1792; 'Works,' 1792; 
 •Miscellaneous Articles,' 1792; 'Rea- 
 sons for wishing to preserve the life of 
 Louis Capet' [1793]; 'Prospects on 
 the War and Paper Currency,' 1793 ; 
 ' Rational and Revealed Religion ' 
 (anon.), 1794 ; 'The Age of Reason,' 
 pt. i., 1794; pt. ii., 1795; pt. iii., 
 1811; 'Letter to the French Con- 
 
 vention,' 1794 ; ' Dissertations on First 
 Principles of Government,' 1795 ; 'The 
 Decline and Fall of the English System 
 of Finance,' 1796 ; ' Letter to George 
 Washington,' 1796 ; 'Agrarian Justice 
 opposed to Agrarian Law,' 1797 ; 
 ' Lettre . . . sur lea Cultes,' 1797 ; 
 ' Letter to the Hon. T. Erskine,' 1797 ; 
 ' Letter to Camille Jourdan,' 1797 ; 
 ' Atheism Refuted,' 1798 ; * Maritime 
 Compact,' 1801 ; 'Letter to Samuel 
 Adams,' 1802 ; ' Letters to Citizens of 
 the United States,' 1802 ; 'Letter to 
 the People of England,' 1804 ; ' To 
 the French Inhabitants of Louisiana,' 
 1804; 'To the Citizens of Penn- 
 sylvania,' 1805 ; * On the Causes of 
 Yellow Fever,' 1805 ; * On Constitu- 
 tions, Governments and Charters,' 
 
 1805 ; ' Observations on Gunboats,' 
 
 1806 ; 'Letter to A. A. Dean,' 1806 ; 
 ' On the Political and Military Affairs 
 of Europe,' 1806 ; ' To the People of 
 New York,' 1807 ; ' On G^Dvernor 
 Lewis's Speech,' 1807 ; 'On Mr. Hale's 
 Resolutions,' 1807 ; 'Three Letters to 
 Morgan Lewis,' 1807 ; * On the ques- 
 tion, Will there be War?' 1807; 
 ' Essay on Dreams,' 1807. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Reply to the Bishop 
 of Llandaff,' 1810; 'The Origin of 
 Freemasonry,' 1811 ; 'Miscellaneous 
 Letters and Essays,' 1819 ; * Mis- 
 cellaneous Poems,' 1819. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by M. D. 
 Conway, 1894. 
 
 Life : by M. D. Conway, 3rd edn., 
 1893. 
 
 PALEY (William), 1743-1805. 
 Bom, at Peterborough, July 1743. 
 Educated at Giggles wick Grammar 
 School (of which his father was head- 
 master). To Christ's Coll., Camb., 
 as Sizar, Oct. 1759 ; Scholar and 
 Exhibitioner, Dec. 1759 ; B.A., 1763 ; 
 M. A., 1766. Schoolmaster at Green- 
 wich, 1763-66. Ordained Deacon, 
 1766 ; Priest, 21 Dec. 1767. Fellow 
 of Christ's Coll., Camb., June 1766 ; 
 Prselector, 1767-69 ; Hebrew Lecturer, 
 1768-70 ; Tutor, March 1771. Preacher 
 at WhitehaU, 1771-76. Rector of Mus- 
 grave, Cumberland, May 1775 to 1777. 
 Married (i.) Jane Hewitt, 6 June 1776. 
 
PALGRAVE 
 
 221 
 
 Vicar of Dalston, Cumberland, 1776- 
 93. Vicar of Appleby, 1777 to Aug. 
 1782. Prebendary of Carlisle, 1780 
 to Jan. 1795. Archdeacon, and Rec- 
 tor of Great ^Ikeld, Aug. 1782 to 
 May 1805 ; Chancellor of the Diocese, 
 1785 to Jan. 1795. Wife died. May 
 1791. Vicar of Aldingham, May 
 1792 to March 1795 ; Vicar of Stan- 
 wix, 1793 to March 1795. Preben- 
 dary of St. Pancras, St. Paul's Cathe- 
 dral, Aug. 1794. Sub-dean of Lin- 
 coln, Jan. 1795. D.D., Camb., 1795. 
 Rector of Bishop -Wearmouth, March 
 
 1795. Resided there till his death. 
 Married (ii.) Miss Dobinson, 14 Dec, 
 
 1796. Died, at Lincoln, 25 May 
 1805. Buried in Carlisle Cathedral. 
 
 Works: *A Defence on the "Con- 
 siderations on the propriety of requir- 
 ing a subscription to Articles of 
 Faith'" (anon.), 1774; 'Caution re- 
 commended in the use ... of Scrip- 
 ture Language,' 1777; 'Advice ad- 
 dressed to the Young Clergy of the 
 Diocese of Carlisle,' 1781; 'A Dis- 
 tinction of Orders in the Church 
 defended,' 1782 ; ' Principles of Moral 
 and Political Philosophy,' 1785 ; 'The 
 young Christian instructed,' 1790 ; 
 ' HorsB Paulinse,' 1790 (2nd edn. same 
 year) ; ' The Use and propriety of 
 local and occasional preaching,' 1790 ; 
 'Reasons for Contentment,' 1792; 
 'View of the Evidences of Chris- 
 tianity,' 1794 (2nd edn. same year) ; 
 * Dangers incidental to the Clerical 
 Character,' 1795 ; * A Sermon preached 
 at the Assizes at Durham,' 1795 ; 'A 
 Short Memoir of the Life of Edward 
 Law, D.D.,' 1800; 'Natural Theology,' 
 1802. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Sermons on Several 
 Subjects,' 1808 ; 'Sermons and Tracts,' 
 1808 ; ' Sermons on Various Subjects' 
 (2 vols.), 1825. 
 
 Collected Works : in 8 vols., 1806- 
 08 ; in 5 vols., 1819 ; etc., etc. 
 
 Life: by G. W. Meadley, 2nd edn., 
 1810. 
 
 PALGRAVE {Sir Francis), 1788- 
 1861. Born (Francis Cohen), in 
 Loudon, 8 July 1788. Privately edu- 
 cated. Articled to a firm of solicitors, 
 
 1803. CaUed to Bar at Middle 
 Temple, 1827. Frequent contributor 
 to ' Edinburgh Rev. ' and ' Quarterly 
 Rev. ' Assumed surname of Palgrave, 
 and married Elizabeth Turner, 13 Oct. 
 
 1823. Knighted, 1832. On Muni- 
 cipal Corporations Commission, 1832. 
 Deputy-Keeper of the Public Records, 
 1836-61. F.R.S. Died, at Hamp- 
 stead, 6 July 1861. 
 
 Works: * History of England,' 
 1831 ; Conciliatory Reform ' [1831] ; 
 ' The Rise and Progress of the English 
 Commonwealth,' 1832 ; ' Reply to 
 . . . the Statement drawn up by 
 C. P. Cooper' (anon.), 1832; 'Ob- 
 servation on . . . the Establishment 
 of New Municipal Corporations' 
 (priv. ptd.), 1832; 'Essay on the 
 original authority of the King's 
 Council,' 1834; * Documents and 
 Records illustrating the History of 
 Scotland,' 1837 ; 'Truths and Fic- 
 tions of the Middle Ages,' 1837; 
 'Annual Reports' as Deputy-keeper 
 of the Public Records, 1840-61 ; 
 ' Handbook for Travellers in Northern 
 Italy,' 1842; 'The Lord and the 
 Vassal ' (anon.), 1844 ; ' The History 
 of Normandy and England ' (4 vols.), 
 1851-64. 
 
 He translated: Homer's 'Barpa- 
 XOfivofiaxia,' 1797 ; and edited : 
 'Une Chanson . . . des grievouses 
 oppressions,' 1818 ; ' Parliamentary 
 Writs,' 1827-34 ; Wace's ' Romant 
 des dues de Normandie ' [1828] ; 
 'Rotuli Curiae Regis,' 1835; 'The 
 Antient Kalendars and Inventories of 
 the Treasury,' 1836 ; ' Les noms et 
 armes de Chivalers et Bachelers qe 
 feurent en la bataylle k Borchbrigge ' 
 [1840 ?]. 
 
 PALGRAVE (Francis Turner), b. 
 
 1824. [Son of preceding.] Born, at 
 Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, 28 Sept. 
 1824. At Charterhouse, 1838-43. 
 Matric, Balliol Coll., Oxford, 1 Dec. 
 1842 ; Scholar, 1842-47 ; Fellow of 
 Exeter Coll., 1847-62 ; B.A., 1851 ; 
 M.A., 1856. Vice-Principal of Train- 
 ing Coll. for Schoolmasters, Kneller 
 Hall, 1850-55. Assistant- Sec, Edu- 
 cation Dept., Privy Council, 1855. 
 
PAKNELL— PARR 
 
 Private Sec. to Earl Granville, 1858- 
 64. Hon. LL.D., Edinburgh, 23 
 April, 1878. Prof, of Poetry at Ox- 
 ford, 1885-95. 
 
 Works: 'Precioaa' (anon.), 1852; 
 ♦ Idyls and Songs,' 1854 ; ' The Works 
 of Alfred de Musset' [a review], 1855 ; 
 'The Passionate Pilgrim' (under 
 pseud. 'Henry J. Thurstan'), 1858; 
 'The Golden Treasury,' 1861; 'De- 
 scriptive Hand-Book to the Fine Art 
 Collection of the International Exhibi- 
 tion,' 1862 ; ♦ Essays on Art,' 1866 ; 
 ' Hymns,' 1867 ; ' The Five Days' En- 
 tertainments at Went worth Grange,' 
 1868 ; Text to ' Gems of English Art,' 
 1869; 'Lyrical Poems,' 1871; 'A 
 Lyme Garland ' [1874] ; ' The Chil- 
 dren's Treasury of Engli8hSong,'1875 ; 
 'The Visions of England (2 parts), 
 1880-81; 'The Life of . . . Jesus 
 Christ, illustrated from the Italian 
 painters,' 1885 ; ' Ode for the 21st of 
 June,' 1887 ; 'The Treasury of 
 Sacred Song,' 1889; 'Amenophis, 
 and other Poems,' 1892; 'Prothala- 
 mion,' 1893 ; ' Golden Treasury : 
 book second,' 1896 ; ' Landscape in 
 Poetry,' 1897. 
 
 He has edited : Clough's ' Poems, ' 
 1862 ; Vols. 3, 4, of Sir F. Palgrave's 
 ' History of Normandy,' 1864 ; ' Se- 
 lected Poems of Wordsworth,' 1865 ; 
 ' Songs and Sonnets of Shakespeare,' 
 
 1865 ; ' Scott's Poems '(with memoir), 
 
 1866 ; ' Chrysomela, from Herrick,' 
 1877 ; Keats' * Poems,' 1884 ; Tenny- 
 son's 'Lyrical Poems,' selected, 1885; 
 J. C. Sharp's 'Glen Desseray,' 1888. 
 
 PARNELL (Thomas), 1679-1718. 
 Bom, in Dublin, 1679. To Trin. 
 Coll., Dublin, 1693; B.A., 1697; 
 M.A., 1700. Ordained Deacon, 
 1700 ; Priest, 1703. Minor Canon of 
 St. Patrick's, Dublin, 16 Aug. 1704. 
 Archdeacon of Clogher and Vicar of 
 Clontibret, 9 Feb. 1706 to May 1716. 
 Married Anne Minchin, 1706 [?] ; she 
 died, Aug. 1711. B.D. and D.D., 
 Dublin, 1712. Contrib. to 'Spectator' 
 and ' Guardian,' 1712-13. Prebendary 
 of Dunlavin, May 1713. Mem. of 
 'Scriblerus Club,' 1713. Vicar of 
 Finglas, May 1716. Died, at Chester, 
 
 Oct. 1718 y buried in Holy Trinity 
 churchyard, 24 Oct. 
 
 Works : ' An Essay on the Different 
 Stiles of Poetry' (anon.), 1713; 
 ' Poems,' 1717. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Poems on Several 
 Occasions,' ed. by Pope, 1722 ; ' Post- 
 humous Works,' 1758. 
 
 He translated : Homer's ' Battle of 
 the Frogs and Mice,' 1717. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by G. A. 
 Aitken, 1894. 
 
 PABB (Samuel), 1747-1825. Bom, 
 at Harrow, 26 Jan. 1747. At Har- 
 row School, Easter 1752 to 1761. 
 Assisted his father in business of 
 apothecary and surgeon, 1761-64. 
 Began to study Divinity, 1764. To 
 Emmanuel Coll., Camb., as Sizar, 
 Oct. 1765; left Cambridge, 1766. 
 Assistant-master at Harrow, Feb. 
 1767 to 1771. Ordained Deacon, 
 Dec. 1769; Priest, 1778. M.A., 
 Camb., 14 Dec. 1771. Failed in can- 
 didature for Head-mastership of Har- 
 row, and started a school at Stanmore, 
 Oct. 1771. Married (i.) Jane Morsin- 
 gale, Nov. 1771. Head -master of Col- 
 chester Grammar School, 1777-79 ; of 
 Norwich Grammar School, 1779-85. 
 Rector of Asterby, Lines., 1780-83. 
 LL.D., Camb., 1781. Perpetual 
 Curate of Hatton, Warwickshire, 
 1783-89. Prebendary of Wenlock 
 Barnes, in St. Paul's Cathedral, March 
 1783. Removed to Hatton, 1785 ; 
 took pupils there ; resided there till 
 his death. Rector of Wadenhoe, 
 Northamptonshire, 1789. Rector of 
 Graffham, Hunts, 1802. Wife died, 
 9 April 1810. Married (ii.) Mary Eyre, 
 17 Dec. 1816. Died, at Hatton, 6 
 March 1825. Buried in Hatton 
 Church. 
 
 Works : * Two Sermons preached 
 at Norwich,' 1780 ; * Discourse on the 
 late Fast' (under pseud.: 'Phileleu- 
 therus Norfoliciensis '), 1781; 'Dis- 
 course on Education,' 1786 ; ' Prae- 
 fatio ad Bellendenum de Statu,' 1787 ; 
 ' Letter from Irenopolis to the Inhabi- 
 tants of Eleutheropolis ' (anon.), 1792 
 (2nd edn. same year); 'Sequel to the 
 Printed Paper late circulated in War- 
 
PATER— PATTISON 
 
 wickshire,' 1792; 'llemarkii on the 
 Statement of Dr. 0. Combe' (anon.), 
 1795 ; * Spital Sermon,' 1801 ; ' A 
 Sermon preached on the late Fast 
 Day,' 1804; 'Fast Day Sermon,' 
 1808 ; ' Characters of the late Charles 
 James Fox ' (under pseud. ; ' Philo- 
 patris Varvicensis'; 2 vols.), 1809. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Letter to . . . Dr. 
 Milner,' ed. by J. Lynes, 1825 ; ' Ser- 
 mons preached on Several Occasions ' 
 (4 vols.), 1831. 
 
 He edited: G. Bellendenus's *De 
 Statu,' 1787 ; 'Tracts by Warburton 
 and a Warburtonian,' 1789 ; * Four 
 Sermons,' 1822 ; * Metaphysical 
 Tracts,' 1837. 
 
 Collected Works : in 8 vols., 1828. 
 
 Life : 'Memoirs,' by W. Field, 1828. 
 
 PATEB (Walter Horatio), 1839- 
 1894. Bom, in London, 4 Aug. 1839. 
 Early education at a school at Enfield. 
 At King's School, Canterbury, 1853- 
 68. Matric. Queen's Coll., Oxford, 
 11 June 1858 ; B.A., 1862 ; Fellow 
 of Brasenose Coll., 1864 ; M.A., 1865 ; 
 Junior Dean, 1866 ; Tutor, 1867-83 ; 
 Dean, 1871 ; Lecturer, 1873. Con- 
 trib. to 'Westminster Rev.,' 'Fort- 
 nightly Rev.,' etc., from 1866. Died, 
 at Oxford, 30 July 1894. Buried in 
 St. Giles's Cemetery, Oxford. 
 
 Works: ' Studies in the History of 
 the Renaissance,' 1873 ; ' Marius the 
 Epicurean,' 1885 ; ' Imaginary Por- 
 traits,' 1887 ; • Appreciations,' 1889 ; 
 ♦ Plato and Platonism,' 1893 ; ' The 
 ChUd in the House,' 1894. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Greek Studies,' ed. 
 by C. L. Shadwell, 1895 ; ' Miscel- 
 laneous Studies,' ed. by C. L. Shad- 
 well, 1895 ; 'Gaston de Latour,' ed. 
 by C. L. Shadwell, 1896 ; ' Essays 
 from the "Guardian"' (priv. ptd.), 
 1897. 
 
 PATMORE (Coventry Kearsey 
 Deighton), 1823-1896. Born, at Wood- 
 ford, Essex, 23 July 1823. Educated 
 privately. First poems written about 
 1839. For some time engaged in 
 scientific studies. Assistant Librarian, 
 British Museum, 1846-65. Married 
 (i.) Emily Augusta Andrews, 11 Sept. 
 1847 ; settled in Hampstead. Wife 
 
 died, 5 July 1862. Married (ii.) Mary 
 Byles, 1865 ; settled in Sussex. 
 After death of second wife, removed 
 to Hastings. Removed to Lymington, 
 1891. Died there, 26 Nov. 1896. 
 Buried there. 
 
 fTorifcs; 'Poems,' 1844; 'Tamer- 
 ton Church Tower,' 1853 ; ' The 
 Angel in the House' (anon.; 2 pts.: 
 'The Betrothal,' 'The Espousals'), 
 1854-56; 'Faithful for Ever,' 1860 ; 
 
 • The Victories of Love,' 1863 ; 'Odes' 
 (anon. ; priv. ptd.), [1868] ; 'The Un- 
 known Eros' (anon.), 1877 ; 'Flori- 
 legium Amantis ' (selected poems), ed. 
 by R. Garnett [1879] ; * Poems ' (4 
 vols.), [1879] ; 'How I Managed and 
 Improved my Estate' (anon.) 1886; 
 ' Poems ' (2 vols.), 1887 ; ' Principle 
 in Art,' 1889 ; ' Religio Poetae,' 1893 ; 
 
 * The Rod, the Root, and the Flower,' 
 1895. 
 
 He translated : St. Bernard ' On 
 the Love of God ' (with M. C. Pat- 
 more), 1891 ; and edited: 'The Chil- 
 dren's Garland from the Best Poets,' 
 1862 [1861] ; ' Bryan Waller Procter : 
 an autobiographical fragment,' 1877. 
 
 PATTISON (Mark), 1813 - 1884. 
 Bom, at Homby, Yorks, 10 Oct. 1813. 
 Educated by his father. Matric. 
 Oriel Coll., Oxford, 5 April 1832 ; 
 B.A., 1836 ; M.A., 1840 ; Fellow of 
 Lincoln Coll., 8 Nov. 1839 to 1860 ; 
 Tutor, 1842-55. Ordained Deacon, 
 1841; Priest, 1843. Denyer Theo- 
 logical Prize, Oxford, 1841 and 1842 ; 
 B.D., 1851. Frequent contributor to 
 periodicals, 1842-83. Rector of Lin- 
 coln Coll., Oxford, 1861-84. Mar- 
 ried Emilia Frances Strong, 10 Sept. 
 1861. Mem. of Athenaeum Club, 1862. 
 Died, at Harrogate, 30 'July 1884. 
 Buried in Harlow Hill Churchyard. 
 
 Works : * Casauboniana ' (anon.), 
 1840 ; ' Tendencies of Religious 
 Thought in England, 1688-1750,' in 
 'Essays and Reviews,' 1860; 'Sug- 
 gestions on Academical Organization,' 
 1868 [1867] ; ' Isaac Casaubon,' 1875 ; 
 ' Milton,' 1879. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Memoirs,' ed. by his 
 wife, 1885 ; 'Sermons,' 1885 ; 'Essays,' 
 ed. by H. Nettleship (2 vols.), 1889. 
 
224 
 
 PAYN— PEACOCK 
 
 He edited : Pope's ' Essay on Man,' 
 1869 ; Pope's ' Satires and Epistles,' 
 1872 ; Milton's ' Sonnets,' 1883. 
 
 PAYN (James), b. 1830. Born, at 
 Cheltenham, 28 Feb. 1830. Educated 
 at Eton and at Woolwich Academy. 
 To Trin. Coll., Camb., 1850 ; B.A., 
 1853. Contrib. to * Westminster 
 Rev.,' 'Times,' ' Nineteenth Century,' 
 and other periodicals from 1854. 
 Editor of 'Chambers* Journal,' 1858- 
 74 ; of 'Cornhill Mag.,' 1882 to July 
 1896. Contrib. • Notebook ' to « Illus- 
 trated London News ' from 1888. 
 
 Works : * Stories from Boccaccio,' 
 1852; 'Poems,' 1853; 'Stories and 
 Sketches,' 1857; 'Fumess Abbey' 
 [1858]; 'Leaves from Lakeland' 
 [1858]; ' The Foster-Brothers' (anon.), 
 1859 ; 'A Handbook to the English 
 Lakes ' [1859] ; ' The Bateman House- 
 hold,' 1860 ; 'Richard Arbour,' 1861 
 (another edn., called 'A Family 
 Scapegrace,' 1869) ; ' Melibseus in 
 London,' 1862; 'Fumess Abbey,' 
 1863 ; ' Lost Sir Massingberd' (anon.), 
 1864 ; 'Married Beneath Him' (anon.), 
 1865 ; 'People, Places, and Things ' 
 (anon.), 1865; 'The Clyflfards 
 of Clyffe ' (anon.), 1866 ; ' Mirk 
 Abbey' (anon.), 1866; 'Lights and 
 Shadows of London Life ' (anon.), 
 1867 ; ' The Lakes in Sunshine ' (2 
 vols.), 1867-70; 'Carlyon's Year' 
 (anon.), 1868; * Blondel Parva' 
 (anon.), 1868; 'Bentinck's Tutor' 
 (anon. ), 1868 ; ' Found Dead ' (anon.), 
 1869; 'A County Family' (anon.), 
 1869 ; • Maxims, by a Man of the 
 World' (anon.), 1869; 'A Perfect 
 Treasure' (anon.), 1869; 'Gwendo- 
 line's Harvest' (anon.), 1870; 'Like 
 Father, like Son' (anon.), 1871 ; 
 ♦ Not Wooed, but Won,' 1871 ; 
 'Cecil's Tryst' (anon.), 1872; 'A 
 Woman's VeDgeance' (anon.), 1872 ; 
 'Murphy's Master' (anon.), 1873; 
 ' The Best of Husbands,' 1874 ; 'At 
 her Mercy ' (anon.), 1874 ; ' Walter's 
 Word,' 1875 ; ' Halves,' 1876 ; 'Fallen 
 Fortunes,' 1876; 'What he Cost Her,' 
 1877 ; • By Proxy,' 1878 ; ' Less Black 
 than we're Painted,' 1878 ; ' High 
 Spirits,' 1879 ; ' Two Hundred Pounds 
 
 Reward,' 1879; 'Under One Roof,' 
 1879 ; ' A Marine Residence,' 1879 ; 
 'A Confidential Agent,' 1880 ; 'From 
 Exile,' 1881; 'A Grape from a 
 Thorn,' 1881 ; ' Some Private Views,' 
 1881 ; ' For Cash Only ' [1882] ; 'Kit,' 
 1883 ; ' Thicker than Water,' 1883 ; 
 ' Some Literary Recollections,' 1884 ; 
 ' The Canon's Ward,' 1884 ; ' In Peril 
 and Privation,' 1885 ; 'The Talk of 
 the Town,' 1885 ; 'The Luck of the 
 Darrells,' 1885; 'The Heir of the 
 Ages,' 1886 ; ' Glow-worm Tales,' 
 1887; 'Holiday Tasks,' 1887; 'A 
 Prince of the Blood,' 1887 ; ' The 
 Eavesdropper,' 1888; 'The Mystery 
 of Mirbridge,' 1888 ; ' The Burnt Mil- 
 lion,' 1890 ; ' Notes from the "News," ' 
 1890; 'The Word and the Will,' 
 1890; 'Sunny Stories,' 1891; *A 
 Stumble on the Threshold,' 1892 ; 'A 
 Modern Dick Whittington,' 1892 ; 'A 
 Trying Patient,' 1893 ; ' Gleams of 
 Memory,' 1894; 'In Market Overt,' 
 1895 ; 'The Disappearance of George 
 Drififell,' 1896. 
 
 FEAGOCE (Thomas Love), 1785. 
 1866. Born, at Weymouth, 18 Oct. 
 1785. At a school at Englefield 
 Green, 1793-98. To London, 1801. 
 Sec. to Sir Home Riggs Popham, 
 winter of 1808-09. Friendship with 
 Shelley begun, 1812 ; visit to Edin- 
 burgh with him, 1813. Appointed to 
 post in East India House, 1819 ; Chief 
 Examiner, 1836. Married Jane Gryf- 
 fydh, 20 March 1820. Settled at 
 Lower Halliford, 1823. Retired from 
 East India House, March 1856. Died, 
 at Halliford, 23 Jan. 1866. Buried 
 in Shepperton Cemetery. 
 
 Works : ' The Monks of St. Mark,' 
 1804 ; ' Palmyra,' 1806 ; ' The Genius 
 of the Thames,' 1810; 'The Philo- 
 sophy of Melancholy,' 1812 ; . 'Sir 
 Proteus ' (under pseudonym : ' P. M. 
 O'Donovan, Esq.'), 1814 ; 'Headlong 
 Hall' (anon.), 1816; 'Melincourt' 
 (anon.), 1817; 'Nightmare Abbey' 
 (anon.), 1818 ; ' Sir Hornbook ' (anon.), 
 1818 ; ' Rhododaphne ' (anon.), 1818 ; 
 'Maid Marian' (anon.), 1822; 'The 
 Misfortunes of Elphin ' (anon.), 1829; 
 'Crochet Castle' (anon.), 1831 j 
 
PEARSON— PEPYS 
 
 225 
 
 •Paper Money Lyrics,' 1837 ; 'Gryll 
 Grange' (anon.), 1861. 
 
 He translated : * 61i Ingannati ; 
 and JElia. Lselia Crispis,' 1862. 
 
 Collected Works : ed., with memoirs, 
 by Sir H. Cole (3 vols.), 1873; by 
 R. Garnett (10 vols.), 1891. 
 
 PEARSON (John), Bishop of 
 Chester, 1613-1686. Born, at Great 
 Snoring, Norfolk, 28 Feb. 1613. At 
 Eton, 1623-31. Matric, Queen's 
 Coll., Camb., 10 June 1631 ; Scholar 
 of King's Coll., April 1632 ; Fellow, 
 1634-40; B.A., 1635; M.A., 1639. 
 Ordained, 1639. Prebendary of Salis- 
 bury Cathedral, 1640-61. Chaplain to 
 Lord-Keeper Finch, for short time in 
 1640. Rector of Thorington, Suffolk, 
 Oct. 1640 to 1846. Rector of St. 
 Christopher-le-Stocks, London, Aug. 
 1660 to June 1661. Prebendary of 
 Ely, Aug. 1660. Archdeacon of 
 Surrey, Sept. 1660 to 1686. D.D., 
 1660. Chaplain to King, 1660. 
 Master of Jesus Coll., Camb., Nov. 
 1660 to April 1662. Margaret Prof, 
 of Theology, Cambridge, June 1661. 
 Master of Trin. Coll., Camb., April 
 1662 to Feb. 1673. F.R.S., 1667. 
 Bishop of Chester, Feb. 1673. Died, 
 at Chester, 16 July 1686. Buried in 
 Chester Cathedral. 
 
 Works : * Anthologia Oantabrigien- 
 sis in Exanthemata Regia,' 1632 ; 
 ♦JustaEdovardoKing,' 1638; 'Christ's 
 Birth not mistimed, 1649; 'The 
 Patriarchal Funeral,' 1658 ; ' An Ex- 
 position of the Creed,' 1659 ; * No 
 Necessity of Reformation of the Pub- 
 lick Doctrine of the Church of Eng- 
 land,' 1660; 'An Answer to Dr. 
 Burges his Word,' 1660; 'Praefatio 
 Parsenetica ad Vetus Testamentum 
 Graecum,' 1665 ; * Promiscuous Ordin- 
 ations are destructive to the honour 
 and safety of the Church of England ' 
 (anon.), 1668 ; ' Vindicise Epistolarum 
 S. Ignatii,' 1672; 'A Sermon preached 
 ... at the Abbey Church in West- 
 minster,' 1673. 
 
 Posthumous .• * Opera Posthuma 
 Chronologica ' (3 pts.), 1687-88 ; 'The 
 Excellency of Forms of Prayer,' 1711; 
 ♦Twelve Sermons,' 1803; 'Adver- 
 
 saria Hesychiana,' ed. by Dean Gais- 
 ford (2 vols.), 1844; 'Minor Theo- 
 logical Works,' ed., with Tnemoir, by 
 Archdeacon Churton, 1844. 
 
 He edited: 'Sir L. Cary ... his 
 Discourse of Infallibility,' 1651 ; ''lepo- 
 kXcovs . . . 'vTTOfivTjfia,' 1655 ; Canon 
 Hales' * Golden Remains,' 1659 ; 
 ' Critic! Sacri ' (with others), 1660 ; «• 
 * Vetus Testamentum Grsecum,' 1665. 
 
 PEELE (George), 1658[?]-1597 [?]. 
 Bom, in London, 1558 [?]. At Christ's 
 Hospital, 1665-70 [?]. Matriculated, 
 Broadgates Hall, Oxford, March 1571; 
 removed to Christ Church, 1574 ; 
 Student, 1574-79; B.A., 12 June 
 1577 ; M.A., 6 July 1579. Married, 
 1580 [?]. Became actor and dramatist. 
 Notorious for dissipated life. Died, 
 1597 [?]. 
 
 Works : * The Araygnement of 
 Paris ' (anon.), 1584 ; 'The Device of 
 the Pageant borne before Woolston 
 Dixie, Mayor' (anon.), 1585; 'A 
 Farewell ... to Sir John Norris & 
 Syr Francis Drake,' 1589 ; • An Ec- 
 logue Gratulatory,' 1589; 'Poly- 
 hymnia,' 1590; 'Descensus Astreae,' 
 1591; 'The Famous Chronicle of 
 King Edward the first,' 1593; 'The 
 Honour of the Garter ' [1593] ; * The 
 Battell of Alcazar' (anon.), 1594; 
 ♦The Old Wives' Tale ' (under initials : 
 G. P.), 1595. 
 
 Posthumous : * The Love of King 
 David and Fair Bethsabe,' 1599 ; 
 ' Anglorum Ferise ' (priv. ptd.), 1830. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by A. Dyce 
 (3 vols.), 1829-39 ; ed. by A. H. 
 Bullen(2 vols.), 1888. 
 
 PEPYS (Samuel), 1633-1703. Born, 
 in London [?], 23 Feb. 1633. Early 
 education at a school at Huntingdon. 
 At St. Paul's School, London, as 
 Scholar. Matric, Trin. Hall, Camb., 
 21 June 1650 ; removed to Mag- 
 dalene Coll., as Sizar, 5 March 
 1651 ; B.A., 1653 ; M.A., 1660. 
 Married Elizabeth St. Michel, 1 Dec. 
 1655. Sec. to Sir Edward Montagu, 
 1656-60. Clerk of the Acts, July 
 1660. Clerk of Privy Seal, July 
 1660. Justice of the Peace, Aug. 
 1660, Younger Brother of the Trinity 
 15 
 
226 
 
 PERCY— PHILIPS 
 
 House, Feb. 1662. Mem. of Tangier 
 Commission, Aug. 1662 ; Treasurer, 
 March 1665. F.R.S., 15 Feb. 1665. 
 Surveyor - General of Victualling 
 Office, Oct. 1665. Visit to France 
 and Holland, 1669. Sec. for the 
 Affairs of the Navy, 1673. M.P. 
 for Castle Rising, Nov. 1673. Master 
 of Trinity House, 1676 and 1685. 
 Governor of Christ's Hospital, 1676 ; 
 Treasurer, 1698 ; Vice-Pres., 1699. 
 Master of Clothworkers' Co., 1677. 
 M.P. for Harwich, 1679. Committed 
 to Tower, on charge of Treason, 22 
 May, 1679 ; released March 1680. 
 To Tangier w^ith Lord Dartmouth, 
 1683. Pres., Royal Soc, Nov. 1684. 
 M.P. for Harwich, 1685. Sec. of 
 Admiralty, June 1686. Resigned 
 office, March 1689. Imprisoned in 
 Gate-house on charge of Treason, 25 
 June to July, 1689. Retired to Clap- 
 ham, 1690. Died there, 26 May 1703. 
 Buried in St. Olave's, Hart Street. 
 
 Works: 'The Portugal History' 
 (under initials: S. P., Esq.), 1677; 
 * Memoirs relating to the State of the 
 Royal Navy' (anon.), 1690. 
 
 Posthumous : * Diary,' ed. by Lord 
 Braybrooke, 1825 ; ed. by H. B. 
 Wheatley (8 vols.), 1893, etc. 
 
 PEECY (Thomas), Bishop of Dro- 
 more, 1729-1811. Born, at Bridg- 
 north, Shropshire, 13 April, 1729. 
 Early education at Bridgnorth Gram- 
 mar School. Matric, Christ Church, 
 Oxford, 7 July 1746; B.A., 1750; 
 M.A., 1753. Vicar of Easton-Maudit, 
 Northamptonshire, 1753-82. Rector 
 of Wilby, 1756-82. Married Anne 
 Gutteridge, 1759. Active literary 
 life. Chaplam to George II., 1769. 
 D.D., Camb., 1770. Dean of Carlisle, 
 1778-82. Bishop of Dromore, 1782. 
 Suffered from blindness in last years 
 of life. Died at Dromore, 30 Sept. 
 1811, Buried in Dromore Cathedral. 
 
 Works : ' Hau Kiou Choaun ; or, 
 the Pleasing History' (from the 
 Chinese ; 4 vols., anon.), 1761 ; 'Mis- 
 cellaneous Pieces relating to the 
 Chinese ' (2 vols., anon.), 1762 ; 'Five 
 Pieces of Runic Poetry, from the 
 Islaadic Languajj^ ' (anon.), 1763 ; 
 
 • The Song of Solomon, newly trans- 
 lated ' (anon.), 1764; 'Reliques of 
 Ancient English Poetry' (3 vols.), 
 1765 ; * A Letter describing the ride to 
 Hulme Abbey from Alnwich ' (anon.), 
 [1765] ; 'Four Essays' (anon.), 1767 ; 
 ' A Key to the New Testament,' 
 
 1769 ; ♦ A Sermon ' [on John xiii. 35], 
 1769 ; ' Northern Antiquities ' (anon.), 
 
 1770 ; ' The Hermit of Warkworth ' 
 (anon. ), 1771 ; ' The Matrons ' (anon.), 
 1772 ; 'Life of Dr. Oliver Goldsmith ' 
 (anon.), 1774 ; ' A Sermon ' [on Prov. 
 xxii. 6], 1790 ; 'An Essay on the Origin 
 of the English Stage,' 1793. 
 
 He translated: P. H. Mallet's 
 ' Northern Antiquities,' 1770 ; and 
 edited : Surrey's ' Poems,' 1763 ; the 
 
 • Household Book of the Earl of 
 Northumberland,' 1768. 
 
 PHILIPS (Ambrose), 1675 r?]-1749. 
 Born, in Shropshire [?], 1675 [?]. 
 Early education at Shrewsbury School. 
 To St. John's Coll., Camb., as Sizar, 
 15 June 1693 ; B.A., 1696 ; Fellow 
 of St. John's Coll., 28 March 1699 to 
 24 March 1708 ; M.A., 1700. Visits 
 to Continent, 1703 and 1710. J.P. 
 for "Westminster, 1714. Commissioner 
 for Lottery, 1717. Founded and 
 edited 'The Freethinker,' 1718-19. 
 To Ireland, as Sec. to Bishop of 
 Armagh, 1724. M.P. for Co. Ar- 
 magh in Iri.sh Parliament, 1725. Sec. 
 to Lord Chancellor, Dec. 1726. Judge 
 of Prerogative Court, Aug. 1733. 
 Returned to London, 1748. Died 
 there, 18 June 1749. 
 
 Works: 'The Life of John Wil- 
 liams,' 1700 ; ' Pastorals ' (from Ton- 
 son's 'Miscellany'), 1710; 'The Dis- 
 trest Mother,' 1712; 'An Epistle to 
 Charles, Lord Halifax,' 1714 ; ' Epistle 
 to the Hon. James Craggs,' 1717 ; 
 'Papers from "The Freethinker'" 
 (3 vols.), 1718-19 ; ' The Briton,' 1722; 
 ' Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester,' 
 1723 ; 'A Collection of Old Ballads,' 
 1723; 'An Ode on the Death of 
 William, Earl Cowper,' 1728; 'The 
 Tea-Pof [1725?]; 'To the Hon. 
 Miss Carteret,' 1725 ; 'To . . . Lord 
 Carteret,' 1726 ; ' Codrus,' 1728 ; ' Pas- 
 torals. Epistles, Odes, etc.,' 1748. 
 
PHILIPS—PINKERTON 
 
 227 
 
 He translated : ' The Odes of Sap- 
 pho,' 1713 ; P. de La Croix's 'Persian 
 Tales,' 1709. 
 
 PHILIPS (Katherine), 1631-1664. 
 Born [Katherine Fowler], in London, 
 1 Jan. 1631. Educated in London. 
 Married to James Philips, 1647. 
 After her marriage, formed society of 
 persons known by fanciful names ; 
 herself adopting that of Orinda. 
 Tragedy, 'Pompey' (from Corneille), 
 produced at Smock- Alley Theatre, 
 Dublin, Feb. 1663. Died, in London, 
 22 June 1664. Buried iu church of 
 St. Benet Sherehog. 
 
 Works: 'Pompey' (anon.), 1663 
 (3rd edn., same year) ; * Poems ' (un- 
 authorized edition), 1664. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Poems,' ed. by Sir 
 C. Cotterel, 1667 ; ' Letters of Orinda 
 to Poliarchus,' 1705. 
 
 PINERO (Arthur Wing), b. 1855. 
 Bom, in London, 24 May 1855. Edu- 
 cated for the legal profession. First 
 appearance as an actor. Theatre Royal, 
 Edinburgh, 22 June 1874 ; acted there 
 till Feb. 1875. At Alexandra Theatre, 
 Liverpool, 1875-76. First appearance 
 in London, Globe Theatre, 15 April 
 1876. AtLyceumTheatre, Sept. 1876 
 to Aug. 1880. Married Mrs. Myra 
 Emily Moore Hamilton (' Miss Myra 
 Holme '), 19 April 1883. Play, * Two 
 Can Play at That Game,' produced at 
 Lyceum Theatre, 1877 ; '£200 a Year,' 
 Globe, Oct. 1877 ; 'Daisy's Escape,' 
 Lyceum, Sept. 1879 ; ' Hester's Mys- 
 tery,' Folly (afterwards Toole's), June 
 1880 ; ' Bygones,' Lyceum, Sept. 
 1880; 'The Money-Spinner,' Prince's 
 Theatre, Manchester, 5 Nov. 1880, 
 St. James's, London, 8 Jan. 1881 ; 
 ♦The Squire,' St. James's, 29 Dec. 
 1881 ; ' The Rector,' Court, 24 March 
 1883 ; * Lords and Commons,' Hay- 
 market, 24 Nov. 1883 ; 'The Rocket,' 
 Prince of Wales's Theatre, Liverpool, 
 
 30 July 1883, ' Low Water,' Globe, 12 
 Jan. 1884 ; 'The Ironmaster' (adapt.), 
 St. James's, 17 April, 1884 ; ' In Chan- 
 eery,' Lyceum Theatre, Edinburgh, 
 19 Sept. 1884 ; ' Mayfair,' St. James's, 
 
 31 Oct. 1885 ; * The Magistrate,* 
 
 Court, 21 March 1885 ; * The School- 
 mistress,' Court, 27 March 1886; 
 • The Hobby Horse,' St. James's, 23 
 Oct. 1886 ; ' Dandy Dick,' Court, 27 
 Jan. 1887 ; 'Sweet Lavender,' Terry's, 
 21 March 1888 ; ' The Weaker Sex,' 
 Theatre Royal, Manchester, 20 Sept. 
 1888, Court Theatre, London, 16 
 March 1889 ; ' The Profligate,' Gar- 
 rick, 24 April 1889 ; * The Cabinet 
 Minister,' Court, 23 April 1890 ; 
 'Lady Bountiful,' Garrick, 7 March 
 1891 ; ' The Times,' Terry's, 24 Oct. 
 1891 ; ' The Amazons,' Court, 7 March 
 1893 ; 'The Second Mrs. Tanqueray,' 
 St. James's, 27 May 1893 ; ' The 
 Notorious Mrs. Ebbsmith,' Garrick, 
 13 March 1895 ; 'The Benefit of the 
 Doubt,' Comedy, 16 Oct. 1895 ; ' The 
 Princessand the Butterfly,' St. James's, 
 29 March 1897. 
 
 Works : ' Plays ' (including : * The 
 Profligate,' 'Lady Bountiful,' 'The 
 Times,' 'The Magistrate,' 'The Hobby 
 Horse,' 'The Cabinet Minister,' ' Dandy 
 Dick,' • Sweet Lavender,' 'The School- 
 mistress,' *The Weaker Sex,' 'The 
 Amazons '), with prefaces by M. C. 
 Salaman (11 vols.), 1891-95; 'The 
 Second Mrs. Tanqueray,' 1895 ; 'The 
 Notorious Mrs. Ebbsmith,' 1895 ; 
 'The Benefit of the Doubt,' 1896. 
 
 PINKERTON (John), 1758-1826. 
 Bom, in Edinburgh, 17 Feb. 1768. 
 Educated at a school in Edinburgh, 
 and at Lanark Grammar School. 
 Articled to a lawyer, 1775-80. To 
 London, 1781. Active literary life. 
 Contrib. to * Gentleman's Mag.,' 1788. 
 Married Miss Burgess, 1793. For 
 some time editor of 'Critical Rev.' 
 During later years of life resided in 
 Paris. Died there, 10 March 1826. 
 
 Woi'ks : ' Craigmillar Castle ' (anon. ), 
 1776; 'Walpoliana' (anon.), 1779; 
 
 * Rimes' (anon.), 1781 ; *Two Dithy- 
 rambic Odes' (anon.), 1782 ; 'Select 
 Scottish Tragic Ballads ' (anon., 2 
 vols.), 1781-83 ; 'Essay on Medals' 
 (anon.), 1784 ; ' Letters of Literature ' 
 (anon.), 1785 ; ' Ancient Scottish 
 Poems never before in print,' 1786 ; 
 
 ♦ The Treasury of Wit ' (under pseud. 
 ' H. Bennet, M.A.'), 1787 ; * Disserta- 
 
 15-2 
 
228 
 
 PIOZZI-POE 
 
 tion on the Origin and Progress of the 
 Scythians,' 1787 ; • Vitae Antiquae 
 Sanctorum qui habitaverunt in . . . 
 Scotia,' 1789 ; 'Enquiry into the His- 
 tory of Scotland preceding the Reign 
 of Malcolm III.,' 1789; 'Medallic 
 History of England' (anon.), 1790; 
 * Scottish Poems reprinted from scarce 
 editions,' 1792 ; ' The History of 
 Scotland from the Accession of the 
 House of Stuart to that of Mary,' 
 1797; ' Iconographia Scotica,' 1797; 
 'The Scottish Gallery,' 1799 ; 'Modern 
 Geography' (2 vols.), 1802; 'Recol- 
 lections of Paris' (2 vols.), 1806; 
 'General Collection of . . . Voyages 
 and Travels ' (17 vols.,), 1808-14 ; 
 'New Modem Atlas,' 1808-09 ; 'Pe- 
 tralogy' (2 vols.), 1811. 
 
 He edited : Barbour's ' The Bruce,* 
 1790. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Literary Correspond- 
 ence' (2 vols.), 1830. 
 
 PIOZZI {Mrs. Hester Lyneh), 1741- 
 1821. Born [Hester Lynch Salus- 
 bury], at Bodvel, Carnarvonshire, 16 
 Jan. 1741. Contrib. to 'St. James's 
 Chronicle' while still a young girl. 
 Married to Henry Thrale, 11 Oct. 
 1763. Friendship with Johnson 
 begun, 1764. Husband died, 4 April 
 1781. Intimacy with Gabriel Piozzi 
 begun, 1780 ; married to him, in 
 London (at Roman Catholic Church), 
 23 July, in Bath (at Anglican Church), 
 25 July 1784. In Italy, 1784-87. 
 Lived at Streatham, 1787-95 ; in 
 Wales, 1795 to 1809. Husband died, 
 March 1809 ; after that she resided 
 mainly in Bath. Died, 2 May 1821. 
 
 Works : ' Anecdotes of the late 
 Samuel Johnson,' 1786; 'Letters to 
 and from the late Samuel Johnson,' 
 1788 ; ' Observations and Reflections 
 made in the course of a Journey 
 through France, Italy, and Germany' 
 (2 vols.), 1789 (another edn. same 
 year) ; ' British Synonymy,' 1794 ; 
 ♦Retrospection' (2 vols.), 1801. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Two Letters ... to 
 W. A. Conway,' 1843 ; ' Autobio- 
 graphy, Letters, and Literary Re- 
 mains,' ed. by A. Hay ward (2 vols.), 
 1861 (2nd edn. same year). 
 
 She edited : ' The Amo Miscellany,' 
 1784. 
 
 Life : by L, B. Seeley, 1891. 
 
 PLANGHE (James Robinson), 1796- 
 1880. Born, in London, 27 Feb. 
 1796. Articled to a bookseller, 1810. 
 Upwards of seventy dramatic pieces 
 produced, 1818-71. Married Elizabeth 
 St. George, 26 April 1821. F.S.A., 
 24 Dec. 1829 to 1852. Rouge Croix 
 Pursuivant at Arms, Heralds' Coll., 
 13 Feb. 1854; Somerset Herald, 7 
 June 1866. Civil List Pension, June 
 1871. Died, in Chelsea, 30 May 
 1880. 
 
 Works [exclusive of a number of 
 dramas, burlesques, and extravaganzas, 
 mostly printed in ' Lacy's Acting 
 Edition of Plays,' or in Cumberland's' 
 or Duncombe's ' British Theatre '] : 
 
 * Costumes of Shakespeare's King 
 John ' (5 pts.), 1823-25 ; ' Shere 
 Afkun,' 1823 ; 'Descentof theDanube,' 
 1828 ; • History of British Costumes," 
 1834 ; ' A Catalogue of the collec- 
 tion of Ancient Arms . . . the property 
 of Bernard Brocas,' 1834 ; ' Conti- 
 nental Gleanings' [1836?]; 'Regal 
 Records,' 1838 ; ' Souvenir of the Bal 
 Costume ... at Buckingham Palace,' 
 1843 ; ' The Pursuivant of Arms,' 
 1852; 'A Corner of Kent,' 1864; 
 ' Pieces of Pleasantry for Private Per- 
 formance' [1868]; 'Recollections and 
 Reflections ' (2 vols.), 1872 ; 'William 
 with the Ring,' 1873; 'The Con- 
 queror and his Companions ' (2 vols.), 
 1874; 'A Cyclopaedia of Costume' 
 (2 vols.), 1876-79 ; ' Suggestions for 
 establishing an English Art Theatre,' 
 1879 ; 'Extravaganzas,' ed. by T. F. D. 
 Croker and S. Tucker (5 vols.), 1879 ; 
 
 * Songs and Poems,' 1881. 
 
 He translated : Hoffmann's ' King 
 Nutcracker,' 1853 ; Countess d'Aul- 
 noy's ' Fairy Tales,' 1885 ; ' Four-and- 
 twenty Fairy Tales selected from those 
 of Perrault, etc.,' 1858 ; and edited : 
 H. Clark's ' Introduction to Heraldry,' 
 1866. 
 
 FOE (Edgar AUan), 1809-1849. 
 Bom, in Boston, Mass., 19 Jan. 1809. 
 Left an orphan while very young. 
 Adopted by John Allan, of Richmond, 
 
POLLOCK-POPE 
 
 Va. To England, 1815. At school 
 at Stoke Newington, 1815-20. Re- 
 turned to America. At school at 
 Richmond, Va., 1820-25. Matric. 
 Univ. of Virginia, 14 Feb. 1826 ; 
 left university, Dec. 1826. In Boston, 
 1827-28. Enlisted as private in U.S. 
 Army under name of Edgar A. Perry, 
 26 May 1828 ; Sergeant-Major, 1 Jan. 
 1829 ; obtained discharge, April 1829. 
 To Military Academy, West Point, 
 July 1830 ; cashiered, March 1831. In 
 Baltimore, 1831-35. To Richmond, 
 June 1835. Editor of 'Southern 
 Literary Messenger,' Nov. 1835 to 
 Jan. 1837. Married Virginia Clemm, 
 16 May 1836. To New York, 1837. 
 Removed to Philadelphia, June 1838. 
 Assistant-editor of Philadelphia 'Gen- 
 tleman's Mag.,' July 1839 to June 
 1840. Editor of 'Graham's Mag.,' 
 April 1841 to spring of 1842. To New 
 York, April 1844. On staff of 'Even- 
 ing Mirror,' Oct. 1844 to April 1845. 
 Lectured before New York Historical 
 Soc, 28 Feb. 1845. Assistant-editor of 
 'Broadway Journal,* March to Dec, 
 
 1845. Removed to Fordham, spring of 
 
 1846. Wife died, 30 Jan. 1847. En- 
 gaged to be married to Mrs. Sarah 
 Elmira Shelton. Started to Philadel- 
 phia for the marriage, 30 Sept. 1849 ; 
 died, at Baltimore, 3 Oct. 1849. 
 
 Works : * Tamerlane, and other 
 Poems ' (anon.), 1827 ; * Al-Aaraaf, 
 Tamerlane, and Minor Poems,' 1829 ; 
 ' Poems,' 1831 ; 'Narrative of Arthur 
 Gordon Pym ' (anon.), 1838; 'The 
 Conchologist's First Book,' 1839 ; 
 •Tales of the Grotesque and the 
 Arabesque' (2 vols.), 1840 ; 'The 
 Raven, and other Poems,' 1845 ; 
 • Tales,' 1845 ; 'Eureka,' 1848. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by R. W. 
 Griswold (3 vols.), 1850. 
 
 Life : by G. E. Woodberry, 1885. 
 
 POLLOCK {Sir Frederick), Bart., 
 b. 1845. Born, in London, 10 Dec. 
 1845. At Eton, 1858-63. To Trin. 
 Coll., Camb., 1863; Browne's Medal- 
 list, 1866 ; B.A., 1867 ; Chancellor's 
 Medallist, 1867 ; Fellow, 1868 ; M. A., 
 1870. Student at Lincoln's Inn, 
 9 Jan. 1868 ; called to Bar, 1 May 
 
 1871. Married Georgina Harriet 
 Deffel, 13 Aug. 1873. Hon. LL.D., 
 Edinburgh, 1880. Prof, of Juris- 
 prudence, Univ. College, London, 
 1882-83. Corpus Prof, of Juris- 
 prudence, Oxford, and Fellow of 
 Corpus Christi Coll., 1883 ; re-elected, 
 1888 and 1893. M.A., Oxford, by 
 decree, 27 Feb. 1883. Prof, of 
 Common Law, Inns of Court, 1884-90. 
 Editor of ' Law Quarterly Rev.,' since 
 1885. Sometime Hon. Librarian 
 Alpine Club. Succeeded to Baronetcy, 
 1888. Hon. Mem., Juridical Soc. of 
 Berlin, 1890. To Trinidad, as Mem. 
 of Judicial Inquiry Commission, 1892. 
 Hon. LL.D., Dublin, 1892. Corresp. 
 Mem. of Institute of France, 1893. 
 Tagore Law Lecturer, Calcutta, winter 
 of 1893-94. Hon. LL.D., Harvard, 
 1895. Editor of 'Law Reports ' since 
 1895. 
 
 Works : * A Tabular View of the 
 Supreme Court of Judicature Bill ' 
 [1873] ; • Principles of Contract,' 1876 
 [1875] ; 'Leading Cases done into 
 English ' (anon.), 1876 (enlarged edn., 
 1892); 'A Digest of the Law of 
 Partnership," 1877 ; 'Spinoza,' 1880 ; 
 ' Essays in Jurisprudence and Ethics,* 
 1882 ; ' The Fishery Laws,' 1883 ; 
 'The Land Laws,' 1883; 'English 
 Opportunities and Duties in the His- 
 torical and Comparative Study of the 
 Law,' 1883 ; ' The Law of Torts,' 
 1887 ; 'An Essay on Possession in the 
 Common Law ' (with R. S. Wright), 
 1888; 'An Introduction to the 
 History of the Science of Politics,' 
 1890 ; 'Oxford Lectures,' 1890 ; 'The 
 Early History of Mountaineering ' 
 (chapter in Badminton Series volume), 
 1892 ; 'The History of English Law 
 before the time of Edward I.* (with 
 F. W. Maitland ; 2 vols.), 1895 ; «A 
 First Book of Jurisprudence,' 1896. 
 
 He has edited: W. K. Clifford's 
 • Lectures and Essays ' (with Leslie 
 Stephen), 1879 ; ' The Revised Re- 
 ports,' 1891, etc. 
 
 POPE (Alexander), 1688 - 1744. 
 Born, in London, 21 May 1688. 
 Educated at schools at Twyford (near 
 Winchester) and in London. Preco- 
 
230 
 
 PORSON 
 
 cious literary ability. Contrib. to 
 Tonson's 'Poetical Miscellanies,' 1709 ; 
 to * Lintot's Miscellany,' 1712 ; to 
 'Spectator,' 1712; to 'Guardian,' 
 1713. Friendship with Addison 
 begun, 1711. Rupture with Addison, 
 and formation of friendship with 
 Swift, 1713. Friendship with Lady 
 Mary Wortley Montagu [q.v.], 1715- 
 22; with Martha Blount, 1712-44. 
 Contrib. to Steele's 'Poetical Mis- 
 cellanies,' 1714. Active literary and 
 social career. Removed to Twicken- 
 ham, 1719 ; resided there till his 
 death. Edited ' Grub Street Journal,' 
 Jan. 1730 to Dec. 1737. Friendship 
 with Arbuthnot, Gay, Bolingbroke, 
 Warburton, etc. Events in life 
 mainly literary or controversial. Died, 
 at Twickenham, 30 May 1744. Buried 
 in Twickenham Church. 
 
 Works : * Essay on Criticism * 
 (anon.), 1711; 'Miscellanies' (with 
 Swift; anon.), 1711; 'Ode for 
 Music,' 1713; 'Windsor Forest,' 
 1713; 'Narrative of Dr. Robert 
 Norris ' (anon.), 1713 ; ' The Rape of 
 the Lock' (from ' Lintot's Miscellany'), 
 1714 ; • A Key to the Lock ' (under 
 (pseud., 'Esdras Barnivelt), 1715; 
 ♦The Temple of Fame,' 1715; 'To 
 the Ingenious Mr. Moore,' 1716 ; 'A 
 full and true Account of a horrid . . . 
 Revenge by Poison on the body of 
 Mr. Edmund Curll' (anon), 1716; 
 'The Worms,' 1716; *A Roman 
 Catholic version of the First Psalm,' 
 1716; 'Works,' 1717; 'Three Hours 
 after Marriage' (with Gay and Ar- 
 buthnot), 1717 ; 'A Complete Key to 
 the Non- Juror ' (anon.), 1718 ; 'Eloisa 
 to Abelard,' 1720 ; ' Miscellanea,' 
 1727 [1726]; 'Several Copies of 
 Verses on occasion of Mr. Gulliver's 
 Travels' (anon.), 1727; 'Miscel- 
 lanies ' (with Swift), vols, i., ii., 1727 ; 
 vol. iii., 1728; vol. iv., 1732; 'The 
 Dunciad,' 1728 (4th edn. same year) ; 
 * Of False Taste,' 1731 ; ' Of the Use 
 of Riches,' 1732; 'Esther' (oratorio 
 libretto ; written with Arbuthnot), 
 [1732?] ; 'An Essay on Man' (anon.), 
 pt. i.-iii., 1733; pt. iv., 1734; 'Of 
 the Knowledge and Characters of 
 Men,' 1733 ; ' Sober Advice from 
 
 Horace to the Young Gentlemen 
 about Tovm' (anon.), [1734] ; 'Epistle 
 ... to Dr. Arbuthnot,' 1735 ; ' Of 
 the Characters of Women,' 1735 ; 
 'Ethic Epistles, Satires, etc.,' 1735; 
 'Letters of Mr. Pope and several 
 Eminent Persons' (2 vols.), 1735 ; 
 ' The Impertinent,' 1737 ; ' One 
 Thousand Seven Hundred and Thirty- 
 Eight,' 1738 ; ' The Universal Prayer ' 
 (anon.), 1738; 'Poems, and Imita- 
 tions of Horace,' 1738 ; ' The Trial 
 of Mr. Whiston ' (anon.), 1740; 
 'Memoirs of . . . Martinus Scrib- 
 Isrus ' (with Arbuthnot), 1741. 
 
 Posthumous : ' The Character of 
 Katharine, late Duchess of Bucking- 
 hamshire,' 1746 ; ' Verses upon the 
 
 late D ss of M ' (anon.), 
 
 1746 ; * Supplement to the Works of 
 Alexander Pope,' 1757 ; ' Additions,' 
 1776 ; 'Supplemental Volume,' 1825. 
 
 He translated : Statius' ' Thebais,' 
 bk. i., 1712 ; Homer's ' Iliad ' (6 vols.), 
 1715-20; Homer's 'Odyssey '(5 vols.), 
 1725-26 ; various Satires and Epistles 
 of Horace, 1733, 34, 37, 38 ; and 
 edited: T. Parnell's 'Poems on Several 
 Occasions,' 1722 ; Shakespeare's 'Dra- 
 matic Works,' 1725 ; Chaucer's * Can- 
 terbury Tales . . . turn'd into 
 modern Language,' 1737; 'Selecta 
 Poemata Italorum qui Latine scrips- 
 erunt,' 1740. 
 
 Collected Works : in 10 vols, (with 
 life), ed. by Rev. W. Elwin and W. J. 
 Courthope, 1871-89. 
 
 POESON (Richard), 1759-1808. 
 Born, at East Ruston, Norfolk, 25 
 Dec. 1759. Early education at village 
 schools, and by the curate of the 
 parish. At Eton, Aug. 1774 to 1778. 
 To Trin. Coll., Camb., Oct. 1778 ; 
 Scholar, 1780 ; Craven Scholar, 1781 ; 
 B. A., 1782 ; Chancellor's Prize Medal, 
 1782; Fellow of Trin. Coll., 1782; 
 M.A., 1785. Obliged to give up 
 Fellowship, owing to his not having 
 taken holy orders, July 1792. Annuity 
 purchased for him by his friends. 
 Settled in rooms in the Temple, 1792. 
 Regius Prof, of Greek, Cambridge, 
 Nov. 1792. Continued to reside in 
 London. Pursued classical studies. 
 
PORTER— PRAED 
 
 231 
 
 Contrib. to * Maty's Review,' 'Gentle- 
 man's Mag.,' 'Monthly Review,' 
 •Morning Chronicle,' etc. Married 
 Mrs. Luuan, Nov. 1796 ; she died, 12 
 April 1797. Principal Librarian of 
 newly-founded London Institution, 
 April 1806. Died, in London, 25 Sept. 
 1808. Buried in chapel of Trin. Coll., 
 Cambridge. 
 
 Works : * Letters to Mr. Arch- 
 deacon Travis ' (from * Gentleman's 
 Mag.'), 1790 ; Edition of Toup's 
 
 * Emendationes in Suidam,' 1790 ; 
 Edition (anon.) of ^schylus, 1794 ; 
 Editions of Euripides' 'Hecuba,' 1797, 
 
 * Orestes,' 1798, 'Phcenissae,' 1799, 
 and 'Medea,' 1801; Edition of 
 Homer's * Iliad ' and ' Odyssey ' 
 (with Grenville and others), 1800. 
 
 Posthumoiis : ' Ricardi Poreoni 
 Adversaria,' ed. by J. H. Monk and 
 C. J. Blomfield, 1812; 'Tracts and 
 Miscellaneous Criticisms,' ed. by T. 
 Kidd, 1815 ; 'Aristophanica,' ed. by 
 P. P. Dobree, 1820 ; Edition of the 
 •Lexicon of Photius,' ed. by P. P. 
 Dobree (2 vols.), 1822 ; 'The Devil's 
 Walk,' ed. by H. W. Montagu [1830] ; 
 
 * Correspondence,' ed. by H. R. 
 Luard, 1867. 
 
 PORTER (Anna Maria), 1780-1832. 
 Born, at Durham, 1780. Educated 
 at Edinburgh. Commenced literary 
 career at early age. Part editor (with 
 her sister Jane [q.v.] and T. F. Dibdin) 
 of 'The Quiz,' 1797. To London, 
 with her mother and sister, 1802. 
 Play, 'The Fair Fugitives,' produced 
 at Oovent Garden, May 1803. Lived 
 for some time with her mother and 
 sister at Esher. Returned with her 
 sister to London on their mother's 
 death, 1831. Visit to her brother at 
 Bristol, May 1832. Died, at Mont- 
 pellier, near Bristol, 21 Sept. 1832. 
 Buried in St. Paul's Churchyard, 
 Bristol. 
 
 Works : ' Artless Tales ' (2 vols, j 
 anon.), 1795 ; 'Talesof Pity' [1795?]; 
 'Walsh Colville' (anon.), 1797; 
 'Original Poems' (anon.) [1798?]; 
 'Octavia' (anon.), 1798; 'The Lake 
 of Killarnev,' 1804 (later edn. called: 
 •Rosede Biaqui^re,' 1856) ; 'A Sol- 
 
 dier's Friendship and a Soldier's Love,' 
 1805; 'The Hungarian Brothers,' 
 1807; 'Don Sebastian,' 1809; 
 ' Ballad Romances, and other Poems,' 
 1811; 'The Recluse of Norway,' 
 1814; 'The Knight of St. John,' 
 1817 ; 'The Fast of St. Magdalen,' 
 1818; • The Village of Mariendorpt,' 
 1821; 'Roche-Blanche,' 1822; 'Honor 
 O'Hara,' 1826; 'Tales Round a 
 Winter Hearth ' (with Jane Porter), 
 1826; 'Coming Out' (with 'The 
 Field of the Forty Footsteps' by 
 Jane Porter), 1828; 'The Barony,' 
 1830. 
 
 PORTER (Jane), 1776-1850. [Sister 
 of preceding.] Born, at Durham, 
 1776. Educated at Edinburgh. Part 
 editor (with her sister and T. F. 
 Dibdin) of ' The Quiz,' 1797. Created 
 ' Lady of Chapter of St. Joachim ' by 
 the King of Wiirtemberg after the 
 success of her novel, ' Thaddeus of 
 Warsaw. ' Tragedy ' Switzerland ' 
 performed at Drury Lane, 5 Feb. 
 1819 ; ' Owen, Prince of Powys,' 
 Drury Lane, 28 Jan. 1822. Lived for 
 some time with her mother and sister 
 at Esher. Returned to London with 
 her sister, 1831. Visit to her brother 
 at St. Petersburg, 1842. Grant from 
 Literary Fund, Nov. 1842. Contrib. 
 to 'Gentleman's Mag.,' 'Amulet,* 
 and other periodicals. Died, at 
 Bristol, 24 May 1850. 
 
 Works: 'Thaddeus of Warsaw,' 
 1803; *A Sketch of the Campaigns 
 of Count A. Suwarrow Rymnikski' 
 (anon.), 1804 ; 'The Scottish Chiefs,' 
 1810 ; • The Pastor's Fireside,' 1815 ; 
 ' Duke Christian of Luneburg,' 1824 ; 
 ' Tales Round a Winter Hearth ' 
 (with A. M. Porter), 1826; •The 
 Field of the Forty Footsteps ' (with 
 A. M. Porter's ' Coming Out '), 1828; 
 • Sir Edward Seaward's Narrative of 
 his Shipwreck,' 1831. 
 
 She edited: ' Young Hearts. By a 
 Recluse,' 1834. 
 
 PRAED (Winthrop Mackworth), 
 1802-1839. Bom, in London, 26 July 
 1802. At school at Langley Broom, 
 1810-14 ; at Eton, March 1814 to 
 1821. Edited 'The Etonian,' with 
 
232 
 
 PRESCOTT- PRIOR 
 
 W. Blunt, 1821. To Trin. Coll., 
 Camb., Oct. 1821 ; Browne Medallist 
 for Greek Ode, 1822 and 1823 ; for 
 Greek Epigrams, 1822 and 1824; 
 Chancellor's Medal for English Poem, 
 1823 and 1824 ; B. A., 1825. Contrib. 
 to Knight's ' Quarterly Mag.,' 1822. 
 Part editor of 'The Brazen Head,' 
 1826. At Eton, as private tutor to 
 Lord Ernest Bruce, 1825-27. Fellow, 
 Trin. CoJJ., Camb., 1827 ; Seatonian 
 prize poem, 1830. Called to Bar at 
 Middle Temple, 29 May 1829. Con- 
 trib. to 'Times,' 'Morning Post,' 
 
 • Albion,' etc. M.P. for St. Germans, 
 by purchasing seat, Dec. 1832; con- 
 stituency disfranchised same year 
 by Reform Bill. M.P. for Great 
 Yarmouth, 1834-37. Sec. to Board 
 of Control, Dec. 1834 to April 1835. 
 Married Helen Bogle, 1835. M.P. 
 for Aylesbury, 1837. Deputy High 
 Steward to Univ. of Cambridge. 
 Died, in London, 15 July 1839. 
 Buried at Kensal Green. 
 
 Works : ' Carmen Grsecum : Pjrra- 
 mides ^gyptiacse ' [1822] ; 'Epigram- 
 mata ' [1822] ; ' Australasia ' [1823] ; 
 
 • Carmen Grsecum : In Obitum T. F. 
 Middleton' [1823]; 'Lillian,' 1823; 
 ' Athens ' [1824] ; ' Epigrammata ' 
 [1824] ; 'Speech in Committee on the 
 Reform Bill,' 1832; 'Trash' (anon.), 
 1833. 
 
 Collected Works : ' Poetical Works,' 
 ed. by R. W. Griswold (New York), 
 1844 ; ed. by Derwent Coleridge, re- 
 vised edn. (2 vols.), 1885; * Essays,' 
 ed. by Sir G. Young, 1887 ; 'Political 
 and Occasional Poems,' ed. by Sir G. 
 Young, 1888. 
 
 PRESCOTT (William Hickling), 
 1796-1859. Born, at Salem, Mass., 
 4 May 1796. Early education at 
 Salem. At school in New York, 
 Jan. 1803 to June 1808. Parents 
 removed to Boston, 1808. To Harvard 
 Coll., Aug. 1811 ; B.A., 1814. While 
 at Harvard lost the sight of one eye 
 through an accident ; the other soon 
 afterwards became seriously and per- 
 manently affected. At St. Michael's, 
 Azores, for health, Oct. 1815 to April 
 1816 Travelled in Europe, 1816-17. 
 
 In Boston, winter 1817-1818. Married 
 F iRan Amory, 4 May 1820. Adopted 
 literary career. Corresponding Mem. 
 of French Academy, Feb. 1845. Cor- 
 responding Mem., Royal Soc. of 
 Berlin, Feb. 1845. Visit to England, 
 1850. Died, in Boston, 28 Jan. 1859. 
 Buried in St. Paul's Church, Boston. 
 
 Works : ' Life of Charles Brockden 
 Brown,' 1834 ; ' History of the Reign 
 of Ferdinand and Isabella ' (3 vols.), 
 1838 ; ' History of the Conquest of 
 Mexico ' (3 vols.), 1843 ; ' Critical 
 and Historical Essays,' 1845 ; ' History 
 of the Conquest of Peru' (2 vols.), 
 1847 ; • Memoir of ... J. Picker- 
 ing,' 1848 ; ' The History of the Reign 
 of Philip II.,' vols, i., ii., 1855 ; vol. 
 iii., 1858 ; ' Memoir of the Hon. A. 
 Lawrence' (priv. ptd.), 1856; 'The 
 Life of Charles V. after his Abdica- 
 tion ' (vol. iii. of Robertson's 'Hist, 
 of the Reign of Charles V.'), 1857. 
 
 He edited : Mme. Calderon de la 
 Bara's 'Life in Mexico,' 1843. 
 
 Life : by G. Ticknor, 1863. 
 
 PEIOE (Matthew), 1664 - 1721. 
 Born, probably in Dorsetshire, 21 July 
 1664. Educated at Westminster 
 School ; King's Scholar, 1681. To 
 St. John's Coll., Camb., as Scholar, 
 1682 ; B.A., 1686 ; Fellow, April 
 1688. For a short time tutor to sons 
 of Lord Exeter. Gentleman of Bed- 
 chamber to the King. In Holland, 
 as Sec. to Lord Dursley, 1690[?]-97. 
 Sec. of State in Ireland, 1697. Sec. 
 to English Embassy in Paris, 1698. 
 Returned to England, Nov. 1699 ; 
 appointed Under-Sec. of State. Hon. 
 M.A., Camb., 1700. Commissioner 
 of Trade, 1700-07. M.P. for East 
 Grinstead, Feb. to June, 1701. Com- 
 missioner of Customs, 1711-14. In 
 Paris, 1711, and 1712-14. Imprisoned 
 on political charge, March 1715 to 
 1717. Presented by Lord Harley 
 with property of Down Hall, Essex, 
 1720[?]. Died, at Wimpole, 18 Sept. 
 1721. 
 
 Works : ' The Hind and the 
 Panther trans versed ' (anon.), 1687; 
 'Hymn to the Sun,' 1694 ; 'To the 
 King: an Ode,' 1695 ; 'An English 
 
PROCTER— PRYNNE 
 
 283 
 
 Ballad' (anon.), 1695; 'Verses on 
 the death of Queen Mary,' 1695 ; 
 
 * Carmen Seculare for the year 1700 ' 
 (anon.), 1700; 'Letter to Monsieur 
 Boileau Despreaux ' (anon.), 1704; 
 •An Ode ... to the Queen ' (anon.), 
 1706; 'Pallas and Venus' (anon.), 
 1706 ; ' Poems,' 1707 (unauthorised) ; 
 'Poems,' 1709; 'A Fable of the 
 Widow and her Cat' (with Swift), 
 1711 ; 'Poems,' 1716 (unauthorised) ; 
 ♦The Dove' (anon.), 1717 ; •Poems,' 
 1718; 'The Conversation' (anon.), 
 1720; 'The Curious Maid' (anon.), 
 1720. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Down Hall,' 1723; 
 
 * The Turtle and the Sparrow,' 1723 ; 
 ' The Unequal Match' (anon.), 1737 ; 
 
 * History of his Own Time,' 1740 ; 
 •Miscellaneous Works' (2 vols.), 1740. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by R. B. 
 Johnson (2 vols.), 1892. 
 
 FBOCTER (Adelaide Ann), 1825- 
 1864. Born, in London, 30 Oct. 1825. 
 Early literary ability. Contrib. poems 
 to • Book of Beauty,' 1843. Contrib. 
 to ' Household Words ' (under pseud. 
 ' Mary Bernick ') from 1853 ; al-^o 
 to ' Cornhill,' ' Good Words,' ' All the 
 Year Round.' Visit to Italy, 1853. 
 Active interest in social position of 
 women. To Malvern, for health, 
 1862. Died there, 2 Feb. 1864. 
 Buried at Kensal Green. 
 
 Works : * Legends and Lyrics,' 
 vol. i, 1858 (2nd edn. same year) ; 
 vol. ii., 1861 ; 'A Chsplet of Verse,' 
 1862 (2nd edn. same year). 
 
 She edited : 'The Victoria Regia,' 
 1861. 
 
 PKOCTER (Bryan Waller), 1787- 
 1874. [Father of preceding.] Born, 
 at Leeds, 21 Nov. 1787. At Harrow, 
 Feb. 1801 to 1804 [?]. Articled to a 
 Solicitor at Calne, 1804 [?]-07. To 
 London, 1807. Practi;?ed as solicitor. 
 Contrib. to • Literary Gaz.,' from 
 1815 ; to ' London Mag.,' from 1820. 
 Friendship with Leigh Hunt and 
 Charles Lamb. Tragedy ' Miran- 
 dola ' produced at Covent Garden, 
 Jan. 1821. Married Anne Skepper, 
 1824. Commissioner in Lunacy, 1832- 
 61. Died, in London, 5 Oct. 1874. 
 
 Works : * Dramatic Scenes, and 
 other poems ' (under pseud. ' Barry 
 Cornwall '), 1819 ; ' Marcian Colonna ' 
 (by 'Barry Cornwall'), 1820; 'A 
 Sicilian Story ' (by 'Barry Cornwall'), 
 1820 (2nd edn. same year) ; * Miran- 
 dola' (by 'Barry Cornwall'), 1821 
 (2nd edn. same year) ; • Poetical 
 Works of Barry Cornwall ' (3 vols. ), 
 1822; 'The Flood of Thessaly ' (by 
 'Barry Cornwall'), 1823; 'Effigies 
 Poeticae ' (anon.), 1824; 'English 
 Songs ' (by ' Barry Cornwall '), 1832 ; 
 'The Sea, The Sea' (anon.), 1834; 
 'Life of Edmund Kean ' (anon.), 
 1835 ; ' Essays and Tales in Prose ' 
 (2 vols., Boston), 1853; 'Charles 
 Lamb' (by 'Barry Cornwall '), 1866. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Autobiographical 
 Fragment,' ed. by Coventry Patmore, 
 1877. 
 
 He edited: Ben Jonson's Works, 
 1838 ; Shakespeare's Works, 1843 ; 
 • Selections from Browning ' (with J. 
 Foster), 1863; Lamb's 'Essays of 
 Elia,' 1879. 
 
 PRYNNE (WUliam), 16001669. 
 Born, at Swanswick, Somersetshire, 
 1600. Early education at Bath Gram- 
 mar School. Matric. Oriel Coll., 
 Oxford, 24 April 1618 ; B.A., 22 Jan. 
 1621. Student of Lincoln's Inn, 1621 ; 
 called to Bar, 1628. Consigned to 
 Tower on a charge of treason, 1 Feb. 
 1633 ; sentenced, 17 Feb. 1634, to fine 
 and imprisonment for life. Expelled 
 from Lincoln's Inn ; deprived of Ox- 
 ford degree, 29 April 1634 ; pilloried, 
 7 May and 10 May 1634. Sentenced 
 again to increased fine, 14 June 1637. 
 Pilloried, 30 June 1637. Imprisoned 
 in Carnarvon Castle, July 1637 ; after- 
 wards in Mount Orgueil Castle, Jersey. 
 Released, restored to degree and legal 
 position, and pecuniarily compensated, 
 Nov. 1640. Espoused Parliamentary 
 cause in Civil War. Prolific pamph- 
 leteer on political and theological 
 subjects. Mem. of Committee of 
 Accounts, Feb. 1644. Commissioner 
 for visitation of city of Oxford, May 
 1647. M.P, for Newport, Nov. 1648. 
 Arrested on political charge, Dec. 
 1648; released, Jan. 1649. Im- 
 
234 
 
 PUROHAS-QUARLES 
 
 prisoned again, 30 June 1650 to 18 
 Feb. 1653. Took his seat in Long 
 Parliament, 1659-60. M.P. for Bath, 
 1660 and 1661. Keeper of the Tower 
 Records, 1660. Unmarried. Died, 
 in Lincoln's Inn, 24 Oct. 1669. Buried 
 there. 
 
 Works: [A full list of Prynne's 
 Works, which number upwards of 200, 
 are given by J. Bruce in the Camden 
 Society's * Documents relating to the 
 Proceedings against William Prynne,' 
 1877. The most important are :] 
 * Histrio-Mastix,' 1633; 'The Sove- 
 reign Power of Parliaments,' 1643 ; 
 'The Opening of the Great Seal of 
 England,' 1643; 'Hidden Works of 
 Darkness brought to Public Light,' 
 1645; 'Canterbury's Doom,' 1646; 
 •A Plea for the House of Lords,' 
 1648 ; « The First Part of an Historical 
 Collection of the Ancient Councils 
 and Parliaments of England,' 1649 ; 
 ' A Short Demurrer to the Jews' long- 
 discontinued Remitter into England, ' 
 1656 ; ' A Brief Register of the several 
 kinds of Parliamentary Writs ' (4 pts.), 
 1659-64; 'The Signal Loyalty and 
 Devotion of God's true Saints towards 
 their Kings,' 1660 ; 'An Exact Chrono- 
 logical Vindication ... of our . . . 
 King's Supreme Ecclesiastical Juris- 
 diction' (3 vols.), 1665-70; ' Aurum 
 ReginsB,' 1668 ; 'Brief Animadversions 
 on the Fourth Part of the Institutes 
 of the Laws of England compiled by 
 Sir Edward Coke,' 1669. 
 
 Posthumous : ' An Exact Abridg- 
 ment of the Records in the Tower of 
 London,' 1689. 
 
 PUECHAS (Samuel), 1675[?]-1626. 
 Born, in Essex, 1575 [?]. Educated 
 at St. John's Coll., Camb. Ordained 
 Curate of Purleigh, Essex, 1600 [?]. 
 Married Jane Lease, Dec. 1601. 
 Vicar of Eastwood, Essex, 1604-13. 
 Chaplain to Archbishop of Canterbury, 
 1614. Rector of St. Martin's, Lud- 
 gate, 1614-26. Died, Sept. [?] 1626. 
 
 Works : ' Purchas his Pilgrimage,' 
 1613 ; ' Purchas his Pilgrim : Micro- 
 cosmus, etc.,' 1619 ; * Hakluytus 
 Posthumus,or Purchas his Pilgrimes,' 
 1625. 
 
 PYE (Henry James), 1745-1813. 
 Born, in London, 20 Feb. 1746. 
 Early education at home. Matric. 
 Magdalen Coll., Oxford, 12 July 
 1762 ; created M.A., 3 July 1766. 
 Married (i.) Mary Hook, 1766. 
 Created D.C.L., Oxford, 9 July 1773. 
 M.P. for Berkshire, 1784-90. Ap- 
 pointed Poet Laureate, 1790. Police 
 Magistrate for Westminster, 1792. 
 Play ' The Siege of Meaux ' produced 
 at Co vent Garden, 19 May 1794 ; 
 
 * Adelaide,' Drury Lane, 25 Jan. 1800 ; 
 ' A Prior Claim ' (written with S. J. 
 Arnold), Drury Lane, 29 Oct. 1805. 
 Wife died, 1796. Married (ii.) Martha 
 Corbett, Nov. 1801. Died, at Pinner, 
 11 Aug. 1813. 
 
 Worh: 'The Rosciad of Covent 
 Garden ' (anon. ; attrib. to Pye), 1762 ; 
 'Beauty' (anon.), 1766; 'Elegies' 
 (anon.), 1768; 'The Triumph of 
 Fashion' (anon.), 1771 ; 'Farringdon 
 Hill' (anon.), 1774 ; 'The Progress of 
 Refinement,' 1783 ; 'Shooting' (anon.), 
 1784 ; ' Aeriphorion,' 1784 ; ' Poems ' 
 (collected), 1787 ; 'Amusement,' 1790 ; 
 'The Siege of Meaux,' 1794; 'The 
 Democrat' (anon.), 1795; *War 
 Elegies of Tyrtseus imitated,' 1795 ; 
 ' Sketches on Various Subjects ' 
 (anon.), 1796 ; ' Naucratia,' 1798 ; 
 
 * The Inquisitor' (with J. P. Andrews), 
 1798; 'The Aristocrat' (anon.), 1799; 
 
 * Carmen Seculare,' 1800 ; ' Adelaide,' 
 1800; 'Alfred,' 1801; 'Verses on 
 Several Subjects,' 1802; «A Prior 
 Claim ' (with S. J. Arnold), 1805 ; 
 ' Comments on the Commentators of 
 Shakespeare,' 1807 ; * Summary of the 
 Duties of a Justice of the Peace out 
 of Sessions,' 1808. 
 
 He translated : * Six Olympic Odes 
 of Pindar,' 1775 ; Aristotle's ' Poetics,' 
 1788 ; Burger's ' Lenore,' 1796 ; 
 Homer's * Hymns and Epigrams,' 
 1810 ; and edited : Francis's transla- 
 tion of the Odes of Horace, 1812. 
 
 QU ARIES (Francis), 1592-1644. 
 Born, at Romford, Essex, 1592 ; bap- 
 tized, 8 May. Educated at a school 
 in Essex, and at Christ's Coll., Camb. 
 B.A., 1608. Studied lav/ for a short 
 time at Lincoln's Inn. To Germany, 
 
QUILLER-COUCH— RAMSAY 
 
 235 
 
 in suite of Princess Elizabeth, 1613. 
 Married Ursula Woodgate, 28 May 
 1618. In Dublin, as private Secretary 
 to Archbishop of Armagh, 1628 [?]- 
 32[?]. Ohronologer of City of London, 
 Feb. 1639 to Sept. 1644. Supported 
 Royalist cause in Civil War. Died, 
 in London, 8 Sept. 1664. Buried 
 in church of St. Olave, Silver 
 Street. 
 
 Works: *A Feast of Wormes,' 
 1620; 'Hadessa,' 1621; «Job Mili- 
 tant,' 1624; 'Sions Elegies,' 1624; 
 
 • Sions Sonnets,' 1624 ; ' Alphabet of 
 Elegies upon the . . . death of Doctor 
 Aylmer,' 1625; *Argalus and Par- 
 thenia,' 1629 ; «TheHistorieof Samson,' 
 1631 ; ' Divine Fancies,' 1632 ; 
 •Divine Poems,' 1633; 'Emblemes,' 
 1634-35 ; * Elegy upon Sir Julius 
 Caesar,' 1636 ; 'Elegieupon ... Mr. 
 John Wheeler,' 1637 ; 'Elegy on Dr. 
 Wilson,' 1638 ; ' Elegy on Lady 
 Luckyn,' 1638; • Hieroglyphikes of 
 the Life of Man,' 1638 ; ' Memorials 
 upon the Death of Robert Quarles,' 
 1639 ; * Sighs at the Contemporary 
 Deaths of the Countesse of Cleaveland 
 andMistresse Cecily Killegrue,' 1640 ; 
 
 • Enchyridion,' 1640; 'Observations 
 Concerning Princes and States,' 1642 ; 
 
 • Barnabas and Boanerges ' (2 pts.), 
 1644-66; * The Loj all Convert '(anon.), 
 
 1643 ; ' The Whipper Whipt ' (anon.), 
 
 1644 ; *The New Distemper' (anon.), 
 1645. 
 
 Posthumous : * Solomons Recanta- 
 tion,* 1645 ; ' Midnights Meditations 
 of Death,' 1646; 'The Shepheard's 
 Oracles,' 1646 ; * A Direfull Anathema 
 against Peace-Haters,' 1647; 'The 
 Virgin Widow,' 1649. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by A. B. 
 Grosart (3 vols.), 1880-81. 
 
 QTTILLEE-COUCH(Arthnr Thomas), 
 b. 1863. Born, at Bodmin, 21 Nov. 
 1863. At Newton Abbot Coll., Jan. 
 1874-79; at Clifton Coll., 1879-81. 
 Matric. Trin. Coll., Oxford, 14 Oct. 
 1882; Scholar, 1882; B.A., 1886; 
 Classical Lecturer, Trin. Coll., 1886-7. 
 To London, spring of 1888. Married 
 Louisa Amelia Hicks, 22 Aug. 1889. 
 On staff of ' Speaker ' since Jan. 1890. 
 
 Removed from London to Fowey, 
 Cornwall, 1892. 
 
 Works: 'Athens* (priv. printed), 
 1881 ; • Dead Man's Rock ' (under 
 initial : 'Q.'), 1887 ; * The Astonishing 
 History of Troy Town' (by 'Q.'), 
 
 1888 ; 'The Splendid Spur' (by 'Q.'), 
 
 1889 ; ' The Blue Pavilions ' (by ' Q.'), 
 1891 ; ' Noughts and Crosses ' (by 'Q.'), 
 1891; 'The Warwickshire Avon,' 
 1892 [1891] ; '" I saw Three Ships " ' 
 (by •Q.'),1892;'TheDelectable Duchy' 
 (by ' Q.'), 1893 ; ' Green Bays,' 1893 ; 
 ' Wandering Heath ' (by ' Q.'), 1895 ; 
 'Fairy Tales. . . retold by Q.,' 1895 ; 
 ' Adventures in Criticism,' 1896 ; ' la ' 
 (by ' Q.'), 1896 ; ' Poems and Ballads ' 
 (by 'Q.'), 1896. 
 
 He has translated : Bazin's ' A Blot 
 of Ink • (with P. M. Franche), 1892 ; 
 and edited : ' The Golden Pomp : a 
 Procession of English" Lyrics,' 1895; 
 ' English Sonnets,' 1897. 
 
 RADCLIFFE {3frs. Ann), 1734- 
 1823. Born [Ann Ward], in London, 
 9 July 1764. Married William Rad- 
 cliflFe, 1787. Occupied with literature, 
 1789-1802. Spent last twenty years 
 of her life practically in retirement. 
 Died, 7 Feb. 1823. Buried in St. 
 George's Burial Ground, Bayswater 
 Road. 
 
 Works: ' The Castles of Athlin and 
 Dunbajrne,' 1789; 'A Sicilian Ro- 
 mance,' 1790 ; 'The Romance of the 
 Forest ' (anon. ), 1791 ; ' The Mysteries 
 of Udulpho,' 1794 ; 'A Journey . . . 
 through Holland,' 1795; 'The Italian,* 
 1797; 'Poems,' 1816. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Gaston de Blonde- 
 ville,' 1826. 
 
 RAMSAY (Allan), 1686-1758. Born, 
 at Leadhills, near Crawford, Lanark- 
 shire, 15 Oct. 1686. Educated at 
 village school at Crawford. Appren- 
 ticed to a wig-maker in Edinburgh, 
 1701. At conclusion of apprentiee- 
 ship, set up in business. Married 
 Christian Ross, 1712. Mem. of 
 Jacobite ' Easy Club,' 1712 - 15. 
 Prolific writer of occasional poetry. 
 Started business as a bookseller, 
 1716 [?]. Drama, 'The Gentle Shep- 
 
236 
 
 RANDOLPH— RAWLINSON 
 
 herd,' performed in Edinburgh, 1729. 
 Built a theatre in Edinburgh, 1736 ; 
 closed it, 1737. Retired from busi- 
 ness, 1755. Died, in Edinburgh, 7 
 Jan. 1758. Buried in Old Grey friars 
 Churchyard. 
 
 Works : 'The Battel' (anon.), 1716 ; 
 'Tartana' [1717?]; 'Scots Songs,' 
 1718 ; 'The Scriblers Lash'd,' 1718 ; 
 
 • Christ's Kirk on the Green,' 
 1718 ; 'Elegies on Maggie Johnson, 
 John Cowper and Lucky Wood,' 
 1718; 'Content,' 1720; 'The Pros- 
 pect of Plenty,* 1720 ; • Robert, Richy 
 and Sandy,' 1721 ; ' Poems ' (2 vols.), 
 1721-28; 'Fables and Tales,' 1722; 
 
 * A Tale of Three Bonnets ' (anon. ), 
 1722; 'The Fair Assembly,' 1723; 
 'Health,' 1724; 'The Tea - Table 
 Miscellany' (3 vols.), 1724-27 ; 'The 
 Ever Green' (2 vols.), 1724; 'The 
 Gentle Shepherd,' 1725; 'A Scots 
 Ode to the British Antiquarians' 
 [1726]; 'New Miscellany of Scots 
 Songs,' 1727 ; 'A Collection of Thirty 
 Fables,' 1730; 'The Morning Inter- 
 view,' 1731 ; 'An Address of Thanks 
 from the Society of Rakes ' (anon.), 
 1734 ; 'Collection of Scots Proverbs,' 
 1737 ; ' Hardyknute,' by Lady Ward- 
 law, completed by Ramsay, 1745 j 
 'The Vision ' (anon.), 1748. 
 
 Collected Works : in 3 vols., 1851. 
 Life : by O. Smeaton, 1896. 
 
 RANDOLPH (Thomas), 1605-1635. 
 Bom, at Newnham - cum - Badby, 
 Northamptonshire, 1605 ; baptized 
 15 June 1605. Educated at West- 
 minster School as King's Scholar. 
 Matric, Trin. Coll., Camb., 8 July 
 1624 ; B.A., Jan. 1628 ; Minor 
 Fellow, Sept. 1629 ; Major Fellow, 
 March 1632; M.A., 1632. Incor- 
 porated M.A. at Oxford, 1632. 
 Settled in London, 1632. Intimacy 
 with Ben Jonson. Died, at Blather- 
 wick, March 1635 ; buried, in the 
 parish church, 17 March. 
 
 Works : ' Aristippus' (anon.), 1630 ; 
 'The Jealous Lovers,' 1632. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Poems, with the 
 Muses Looking-Glasse, and Amyntas,' 
 1638. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by W. 0. 
 Hazlitt (2 vols.), 1875. 
 
 RAWLINSON (George), Canon of 
 Canterbury, b. 1812. Born, at Cliad- 
 lington, Oxfordshire, 23 Nov. 1812. 
 At Swansea Grammar School, Feb. to 
 June, 1824 ; at Ealing School, Feb. 
 1825 to June 1830. Matric. Trin. 
 Coll., Oxford, 7 Nov. 1834; B.A., 
 1838 ; Fellow, Exeter Coll., 1840-46 ; 
 M.A., 1841 ; Tutor, 1841 ; Denyer 
 Theolog. Prize Essay, 1842 and 1843 ; 
 Sub-Rector and Divinity Reader, 
 1844 ; Bampton Lecturer, 1859 ; 
 Camden Prof, of Ancient History, 
 1861-89. Ordained Deacon, 1841 ; 
 Priest, 1842. Married Louisa Wild- 
 man Chermside, July 1846. Curate 
 of Merton, Oxfordshire, 1846-47. 
 Classical Examiner to Council of Mili- 
 tary Education, 1859-70. Corresp. 
 Mem. of Royal Acad, of Turin, 1860. 
 Mem. of Athenaeum Club, 1870. 
 Canon of Canterbury, Sept. 1872 ; 
 Proctor for Dean and Chapter of 
 Canterbury, 1873 ; Rector of All 
 Hallows, Lombard St., 1888. Con- 
 trib. to ' Contemp. Rev.,' * Leisure 
 Hour,' 'Sunday at Home,' 'Princeton 
 Rev.,' 'Clergyman's Mag.,' 'Isis,' 
 ♦Oxford and Cambridge Mag.,' etc 
 F.R.G.S., 1890. 
 
 Works: 'The Historical Evi- 
 dences of the Truth of the Scripture 
 Records,' 1859 ; ' The Contrasts of 
 Christianity with the Heathen and 
 Jewish Systems,' 1861 ; ' The Five 
 Great Monarchies of the Ancient 
 Eastern World' (4 vols.), 1862-67; 
 'A Manual of Ancient History,' 
 1869 ; ' Historical Illustrations of the 
 Old Testament' [1871]; 'The Sixth 
 Great Oriental Monarchy,' 1873 ; 
 'The Seventh Great Oriental Mo- 
 narchy,' 1876; 'The Origin of 
 Nations ' [1877] ; ' St. Paul in Da- 
 mascus and Arabia,' 1877 ; 'Ezra, 
 Nehemiah, and Esther ' (' Pulpit Com- 
 mentary '), 1880 ; ' History of Ancient 
 Egypt,' 1881; 'Exodus' ('Pulpit 
 Commentary '), 1882 ; ' The Religions 
 of the Ancient Worid ' [1882] ; ' The 
 Antiquity of Man' [1883]; 'The 
 Early Prevalence of Monotheistic 
 
READE 
 
 287 
 
 Beliefs ' [1883] ; * Religious Teachings 
 of the Sublime and Beautiful in 
 Nature' [1883] ; *Egyptand Babylon,' 
 
 1885 [1884]; 'Biblical Topography,' 
 
 1886 ; * Ancient History,' 1887 ; 
 ♦Ancient Egypt,' 1887; 'Moses' 
 [1887] ; ' History of Phoenicia,' 1889 ; 
 • The Kings of Israel and Judah ' 
 [1889]; 'Phoenicia' ('Story of Na- 
 tions' series), 1889; 'Isaac and 
 Jacob ' [1890] ; * Ezra and Nehemiah : 
 their Lives and Times ' [1891] ; 
 ' History of Parthia ' [1893]. 
 
 He has contributed to : ' The 
 Speaker's Commentary,' Smith's 'Diet, 
 of the Bible,' ' The Bible Educator,* 
 •Encycl. Brit.,' 'Present-Day Tracts,' 
 ' Old Testament Commentary for Eng- 
 lish Readers.* 
 
 He has translated : ' Herodotus * 
 (annotated ; with Sir H. C. Rawlinson 
 and Sir J. Wilkinson), 4 vols., 1858- 
 60 ; and edited : R. S. C. Chermside's 
 'Sermons,* 1868. 
 
 READE (Charles), 1814-1884. Born, 
 at Ipsden, Oxfordshire, 8 June 1814. 
 Privately educated, 1822-27 ; at 
 school at Staines, 1827-29. At home, 
 1829-31. Matric, Magdalen Coll., 
 Oxford, 26 July 1831 ; Demy, 1831- 
 35 ; B.A., 18 June 1835 ; Vinerian 
 Scholar, 1835 ; Fellow of Magdalen 
 Coll., July 1835; M.A., 1838; 
 Vinerian Fellow, 1842 ; D.C.L., 
 1 July 1847 ; Vice-Pres., Magdalen 
 Coll., 1851. Student of Lincoln's 
 Inn, Nov. 1836 ; called to Bar, 16 
 Jan. 1843. Friendship with Mrs. 
 Seymour begun, 1852. Play ' Tke 
 Ladies' Battle ' (adapted from Scribe 
 and Legouve), fproduced at Olympic 
 Theatre, 7 May 1851 ; ' Angelo,' 
 Olympic, 11 Aug. 1851; 'A Village 
 Tale,' Strand, 12 April 1852; 'The 
 Lost Husband,' Strand, 26 April 
 1852 ; ' Masks and Faces,' Hay- 
 market, 20 Nov. 1852 ; 'Gold,'Drury 
 Lane, 10 Jan. 1853 ; ' Two Loves and 
 a Life * (with Tom Taylor), Adelphi, 
 20 March 1854; 'The Courier of 
 Lyons ' (afterwards called ' The Lyons 
 Mail'), Princess's, 26 June 1854; 
 •The King's Rival' (with Tom 
 Taylor), St. James's, 1 Oct. 1854; 
 
 * Honour before Titles,' St. James's, 
 3 Oct. 1854 ; 'Peregrine Pickle,' St. 
 James's, Nov. 1854 ; ' Art ' (after- 
 wards called ' Nance Oldfield '), St. 
 James's, 17 April 1855 ; 'The First 
 Printer' (with Tom Taylor), Prin- 
 cess's, 8 March 1856; 'Never Too 
 Late to Mend ' (dramatized from his 
 novel), Princess's, 4 Oct. 1865 ; 'The 
 Double Marriage' (dramatized from 
 novel 'White Lies'), Queen's Theatre, 
 24 Oct. 1867 ; adaptation of Tenny- 
 son's ' Dora,' Adelphi, 1 June 1867 ; 
 ' Foul Play ' (with Dion Boucicault ; 
 dramatized from novel), Holborn 
 Theatre, 1868 (revised version, called 
 
 • The Scuttled Ship, ' by Reade alone, 
 Olympic, 1877) ; 'Free Labour' (dra- 
 matized from novel ' Put Yourself in 
 his Place'), 28 May 1870; 'The 
 Robust Invalid ' (adapted from 
 Moliere), Adelphi, 15 June 1870 ; 
 ' Shilly Shally,' Gaiety, 1 April 1872 ; 
 ♦Kate Peyton's Lovers' (dramatized 
 from novel ' GriflBith Gaunt '), Queen's 
 Theatre, 1 Oct. 1875 ; ' Drink ' (dra- 
 matized from Zola), Princess's, 2 June 
 1879 ; ♦ Love and Money ' (with H. 
 Pettitt), 18 Nov. 1882; 'Single 
 Heart and Double Face,' Edinburgh, 
 Nov. 1883. Died, in London, 11 April 
 1884. Buried in Willesden Church- 
 yard. 
 
 Works: ♦Peg Woffington,' 1853; 
 'Christie Johnstone,' 1853; 'Two 
 Loves and a Life ' (with Tom Taylor), 
 1854 ; 'The King's Rival ' (with Tom 
 Taylor), 1854; 'Masks and Faces* 
 (with Tom Taylor), 1854; 'It is 
 Never Too Late to Mend,' 1856 ; 
 ' White Lies,' 1857 ; ' The Course of 
 True Love never did run Smooth,* 
 1857 ; ' Jack of all Trades,' 1858 ; 
 'Autobiography of a Thief,' 1858 ; 
 ' Love me Little, Love me Long,* 
 
 1859 ; ' The Eighth Commandment,* 
 
 1860 ; 'The Cloister and the Hearth,' 
 1861; 'Hard Cash,' 1863 ; 'GriflBth 
 Gaunt,' 1866 ; ' Foul Play ' (with 
 Dion Boucicault), 1868 ; ' Put Your- 
 self in his Place,' 1870 ; 'A Terrible 
 Temptation,' 1871 ; 'The Wandering 
 Heir,' 1872; 'A Simpleton,' 1873; 
 'A Lost Art Revived,' 1873; 'A 
 Hero and a Martyr,' 1874 ; ' Trade 
 
238 
 
 REID 
 
 Malice,' 1875; 'A Woman Hater/ 
 1877 ; 'Readiana.' 1883. 
 
 Posthumous : 'The Perilous Secret,' 
 1884 ; ' Singleheart and Doubleface,' 
 1884 ; ' The Jilt, and other Tales.' 
 1884 ; • Good Stories of Man and 
 other Animals,' 1884 ; ' Bible Char- 
 acters,' 1888. 
 
 Life : by C. L. and C. Reade, 1887. 
 
 BEID (Thomas), 1710-1796. Born, 
 at Strachan, Kincardineshire, 26 April 
 1710. Early education at Kincardine 
 parish school. To Marischal College, 
 Aberdeen, 1722 ; B.A., 1726. Studied 
 for Presbyterian ministry. Licensed 
 preacher, Sept. 1731. Librarian of 
 Marischal Coll., 1733-36. Minister 
 of New Machar, Aberdeen, 1737. 
 Married Elizabeth Reid, 1740. * Re- 
 gent ' (afterwards Prof, of Philosophy) 
 at King's Coll., Aberdeen, Oct. 1751 
 to May 1764. Founded Philosophi- 
 cal Society, 1758 ; it existed till 1773. 
 Hon. D.D., Marischal Coll., 18 Jan. 
 1762. Prof, of Moral Philosophy, 
 Glasgow Univ., May 1764 to Oct 
 1796 ; deputed active duties of pro- 
 fessorship to an assistant, 1780. Died, 
 in Glasgow, 7 Oct. 1796. 
 
 Works : ' An Inquiry into the 
 Human Mind on the Principles of 
 Common Sense,' 1764; 'Essays on 
 the Intellectual Powers of Man,' 1785 ; 
 •Essays on the Active Powers of 
 Man,' 1788. [He contributed : * An 
 Essay on Quantity * to the ' Philoso- 
 phical Transactions' for 1748; 'A 
 Brief Account of Aristotle's Logic ' 
 to Kame's * Sketches of the History 
 of Man,' vol. ii., 1774 ; * A Statistical 
 Account of the University of Glas- 
 gow ' to Sinclair's ' Statistical Account 
 of Scotland,' 1799.] 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by Sir W. 
 Hamilton (2 vols.), 1846-63. 
 
 Life : by Dugald Stewart, 1803. 
 
 BEIS (Thomas Mayne), 1818-1883. 
 Bom, at Ballyroney, co. Down, 4 
 April 1818. Educated for Presby- 
 terian ministry ; but emigrated to 
 America, 1840. Varied occupations, 
 1840-43. In Philadelphia, as journal- 
 ist, 1843-46. On staflE of • New York 
 
 Herald ' and * Spirit of the Times,' 
 1846. Served in Mexican War as 
 second lieutenant in New York Vol- 
 unteers, Dec. 1846 to 1848. To Europe, 
 1849. Married Elizabeth Hyde, 1853. 
 Edited 'The Little Times,' 1867. 
 In New York, 1867-70. Edited 
 ♦Mayne Reid's Mag.,' 1869-70. Re- 
 turned to England, 1870. Died, at 
 Ross, Herefordshire, 22 Oct. 1883. 
 Buried at Kensal Green. 
 
 Works : ' The Rifle Rangers,' 1850; 
 ♦The Scalp-Hunters,' 1851; 'The 
 English Family Robinson,' 1851 ; 
 ' The Desert Home,' 1852 ; ' The Boy 
 Hunters,' 1853 ; ' The Young Voya- 
 geurs,' 1854 [1853]; 'The Forest 
 Exiles,' 1855 [1854] ; ' The Hunter's 
 Feast' [1855]; 'The White Chief,' 
 1855 ; ' The Quadroon,' 1856 ; ' The 
 Bush Boys,' 1856; 'The Young 
 Yagers,' 1857; 'The War Trail,' 
 1857; 'Ran away to Sea,' 1858; 
 ♦ The Plant Hunters,' 1858 ; ' Ogeola,' 
 1859 ; • The Boy Tar,' 1860 [1859] ; 
 'The Wood Rangers,' 1860; 'Odd 
 People,' 1860 ; ' Quadrupeds ' [I860]; 
 ' Bruin,' 1861 ; 'The Wild Huntress,' 
 1861 ; ' The Maroon,' 1862 ; * Cro- 
 quet,' 1863; 'The Clifif - Climbers,' 
 1864 ; ' Garibaldi Rebuked,' 1864 ; 
 'The Ocean Waifs,' 1864 ; 'The White 
 Gauntlet,' 1865 [1864]; 'The Boy 
 Slaves,' 1865 ; ' The Headless Horse- 
 man,' 1866; 'Afloat in the Forest,' 
 1866; 'The Bandolero,' 1866 ; 'The 
 Giraffe Hunters,' 1867 ; ' The Guerilla 
 Chief,' 1867 ; ' The Child Wife,' 1868; 
 ' Works ' (15 vols. ), 1868 ; ' The Fatal 
 Cord,' 1869; 'The YeUow Chief 
 [1870] ; ♦ The White Squaw ' [1870] ; 
 'The Castaways,' 1870; 'The Lone 
 Ranche,' 1871 ; 'The Finger of Fate,' 
 1872 ; ' The Death-Shot,' 1873 ; ' Half- 
 Blood,' 1875; 'The Mountain Mar- 
 riage,' 1875 ; ' The Flag of Distress,' 
 1876; 'Gwen Wynn,' 1877; 'The 
 Queen of the Lakes,' 1879; 'Gaspar 
 the Gaucho,' 1880 [1879] ; * The Free 
 Lances,' 1881. 
 
 Posthuriious : ' Love's Martyr ' 
 [1884] ; ' The Land of Fire ' [1884] ; 
 'The Chase of Leviathan,' 1885 [1884] ; 
 'The Lost Mountain,' 1885; 'The 
 Pierced Heart,' 1885 ; ' The Vee- 
 
RICARDO— RITCHIE 
 
 Boers ' [1885] ; ' The Star of Empire ' 
 [1888]; 'No Quarter,' 1888; 'The 
 Naturalist in Siluria,' 1889. 
 
 He translated: L. de Bellamare's 
 
 • The Wood Rangers,' 1860 ; ' A Hero 
 in Spite of Himself,' 1861, and ' The 
 Tiger -Hunter,' 1862; and edited: 
 Charles Beach's * Lost Lenore,* 1864 ; 
 F. Whitlaker's 'The Cadet Button,' 
 1878. 
 
 Life: by his Wife, 1890. 
 
 BICARDO (David), 1772-1823. 
 Born, in England, 19 April 1772. 
 Early education in England ; in 
 Holland, 1783-85. Began to assist 
 his father in business on Stock Ex- 
 change, 1786. Married Priscilla Anne 
 Wilkinson, 20 Dec. 1793. Mem. of 
 newly founded Greological Soc, 1807. 
 Bought the estate of Gatcombe Park, 
 Gloucestershire, 1813. Retired from 
 business, 1814. Sheriff, 1818. M.P. 
 for Portarlington, Ireland, 1819-23. 
 Visit to Continent, 1822. Died, at 
 Gatcombe Park, 11 Sept. 1823. 
 
 Works : ' The High Price of Bullion 
 a proof of the depreciation of Bank 
 Notes,' 1810 (3rd edn., same year) ; 
 
 * Observations on some passages in . . . 
 the Edinburgh Review,' 1811 ; ' Reply 
 to Mr. Bosanquet's Practical Observa- 
 tions,' 1811 ; ' Essay on the Influence 
 of a Low Price of Corn on the Profits 
 of Stock,' 1815 (2nd edn., same year); 
 •Proposals for an Economical and 
 Secure Currency,' 1816 (2nd edn., 
 same year) ; ' On the Principles of 
 Political Economy and Taxation,' 
 1817 ; ' On Protection to Agriculture ' 
 1822 (4th edn. same year) ; * Plan 
 for the Establishment of a National 
 Bank,' 1824. 
 
 Posthumous : Letters to T. R. Mal- 
 thus, 1887. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by McCul- 
 loch, 2nd edn., 1852. 
 
 BICHARDSON (Samuel), 1689- 
 1761. Born, in Derbyshire, 1689. 
 Apprenticed to a stationer, 1706. 
 Afterwards employed as compositor 
 at a printing works. Set up as printer 
 on his own account, 1719. Married 
 (i.) Martha Wilde. She died, 25 
 
 Jan. 1731. Married (ii.) Elizabeth 
 Leake. Began novel writing, 1739. 
 Master of Stationers' Company, 1754. 
 Died, in London, 4 July 1761. Buried 
 in St. Bride's Church. 
 
 Works: • Pamela' (anon.), 1741- 
 42; 'Clarissa' (anon.), 1748; 'The 
 History of Sir Charles Grandison ' 
 (anon.jf, 1754 (2nd edn. same year). 
 
 Posthumous : * Correspondence,' ed. 
 by A. L. Barbould (6 vols.), 1804. 
 
 He edited: 'A Tour thro' . . . 
 Great Britain,* 1742 ; Sir T. Roe's 
 ' Negotiations in his Embassy to the 
 Ottoman Porte,' 1746 ; ' The Life . . . 
 of Balbe Berton ' [1760 ?]. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by E. Man- 
 gin (19 vols.), 1811 ; ed. by Leslie 
 Stephen (12 vols.), 1883. 
 
 BITCHIE {Mrs. Anne Isabella), b. 
 1837. [Daughter of W. M. Thacke- 
 ray (g.v.).] Born in London, 9 June 
 1837. Some years in early life spent 
 in Paris. Contrib. to • Comhill Mag.' 
 and other periodicals, from 1860. Re- 
 sided for many years in Kensington. 
 Married Richmond Thackeray Ritchie, 
 2 Aug. 1877. Has latterly resided at 
 Wimbledon. 
 
 Works : * The Story of Elizabeth ' 
 (anon.), 1863; 'The Village on the 
 Cliff' (anon.), 1867; 'Five old Friends' 
 (anon.), 1868; 'To Esther,' 1869; 
 •Old Kensington,' 1873 (4th edn. 
 same year) ; ' Toilers and Spinsters,' 
 1874 ; • Bluebeard's Keys,' 1874 ; 
 •Miss Angel,' 1875; 'Madame de 
 Sevign^' 1881 ; 'Miss Williamson's 
 Divagations,' 1881 ; • A Book of 
 Sybils,' 1883 ; 'Mrs. Dymond,' 1885; 
 • Records of Tennyson, Ruskin and 
 Browning,' 1892 ; Letterpress to 
 •Alfred, Lord Tennyson and his 
 friends,' 1893 ; ' Chapters from some 
 Memoirs,' 1894 ; ' Lord Amherst ' 
 (with R. Evans), 1894. 
 
 She has edited : W. M. Thackeray's 
 •The Orphan of Pimlico, etc.,' 1876 ; 
 A. Evans' • Poems and Music,' 1880 ; 
 Mrs. Gaskell's • Cranford,' 1891 ; 
 Countess d'Aulnoy's 'Fairy Tales,' 
 
 1892 ; Miss Mitford's ' Our Village,' 
 
 1893 ; Miss Edgeworth's ' Castle 
 Rackrent,' 1895, 'Ormond,' 1895, 
 
240 
 
 ROBERTSON-ROSSETTI 
 
 'Popular Tales,' 1895, and 'Helen,' 
 1896. 
 
 KOBERTSON (William), 1721-1793. 
 Born, at Berth wick, Midlothian, 19 
 Sept. 1721. Early education at Borth- 
 wick parish school and at Dalkeith 
 Grammar School. To Edinburgh 
 Univ., 1733. Licensed by Presby- 
 tery as preacher, June 1741. Minister 
 of Gladsmuir, 1743. Served in volun- 
 teers against Pretender's army, 1745. 
 Mem. of General Assembly, 1746. 
 Married Mary Nisbet, 1751. Part 
 ed. of 'Edinburgh Rev.,' 1755. Visit 
 to London, 1758. Minister of Lady 
 Tester's Chapel, Edinburgh, June 
 1758 to April 1761. Created D.D., 
 Edinburgh, 1758. Chaplain of Stir- 
 ling Castle, 1759. Minister of Old 
 Greyfriars, Edinburgh, April 1761. 
 Chaplain to the King, Aug. 1761. 
 Principal of Edinburgh Univ., 1762- 
 92. Moderator of General Assembly, 
 1763-80. Mem. of Royal Acad, of 
 History, Madrid, Aug. 1777. Mem. 
 of Acad, of Sciences, Padua, 1781. 
 Mem. of Imperial Acad., St. Peters- 
 burg, 1783. Historiographer for 
 Scotland, 6 Aug. 1783. Died, at 
 Grange House, near Edinburgh, 11 
 June 1793. 
 
 Works : * The Situation of the 
 World at the time of Christ's Ap- 
 pearance,' 1755 ; ' History of Scot- 
 land ' (2 vols.), 1759 ; ' History of the 
 Reign of the Emperor Charles V.' (3 
 vols. ), 1769 ; ' History of America ' (2 
 vols.), 1777; 'Historical Disquisition 
 concerning the Knowledge which the 
 Ancients had of India,' 1791. 
 
 Collected Works: in 12 vols., ed. 
 byDugald Stuart, with memoir, 1817 ; 
 in 11 vols., ed. by R. A. Davenport, 
 with memoir^ 1824. 
 
 ROGEBS (Samuel), 1763 - 1855. 
 Born, at Stoke Newington, 30 July 
 1763. Educated at schools at Stoke 
 Newington and Hackney. Entered 
 his father's bank about 1775. Contrib. 
 to ' Gentleman's Mag.,' 1781. Visit 
 to Scotland, 1789 ; to Paris, 1802. 
 Gained prominent position as poet ; 
 also as collector and patron of fine 
 
 arts. Visits to Italy, 1815 and 1822. 
 Ofifered Laureateship, but declined it, 
 1850. Died, in London, 18 Dec. 1855. 
 Buried in Hornsey Cliurchyard. Un- 
 married. 
 
 Works : ' An Ode to Superstition ' 
 (anon.), 1786 ; ' The Pleasures of 
 Memory' (anon.), 1792; 'Epistle to 
 a Friend' (anon.), 1798; 'Verses 
 written in Westminster Abbey after 
 the funeral of the Rt. Hon. C. J. Fox' 
 (anon.), [1806] ; ' The Voyage of Col- 
 umbus' (anon.), 1810 (priv. ptd., 1808) ; 
 ♦Poems,' 1812; 'Miscellaneous Poems' 
 (with E. C. Knight and others ; anon.), 
 1812; 'Jacqueline' (anon.), 1814; 
 
 * Human Life,' 1819 ; ' Italy,' pt. i. 
 (anon.), 1822; pt ii., 1828; revised 
 edn. of the whole, 1830 ; ' Poems ' (2 
 vols.), 1834. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Poetical Works,' 
 1856 ; 'Table Talk,' ed. by A. Dyce, 
 1856 ; • Recollections,' ed. by "W. 
 Sbarpe, 1859 (2nd edn. same year). 
 
 Life : 'Eariy Life,' by P. W. Clay- 
 den, 1887 ; * Rogers and his Contem- 
 poraries,' by P. W. Clayden, 1889. 
 
 ROSSETTI (Christina Georgina), 
 1830-1894. Born, in London, 5 Dec. 
 1830. Contrib. to ' The Germ ' (under 
 pseud. * Ellen AUeyne '), 1850. 
 Active literary life ; also intimately 
 interested in religious work. Ill 
 health for many years in later life. 
 Died, in London, 29 Dec. 1894. Buried 
 in Highgate Cemetery. 
 
 Works: 'To my Mother on the 
 Anniversary of her Birth ' (priv. ptd.), 
 1842 ; • Verses ' (priv. ptd.), 1847 ; 
 ' Goblin Market,' 1862 ; ' The Prince's 
 Progress,' 1866 ; ' Commonplace,' 
 1870 ; 'Sing Song,' 1872; 'Speaking 
 Likenesses,' 1874 ; * Annus Domini,' 
 1874 ; • Seek and Find ' [1879] ; 
 
 * Called to be Saints ' [1881] ; ' A 
 Pageant,' 1881 ; 'Letter and Spirit' 
 [1883] ; 'Time Flies,' 1885 ; 'Poems 
 . . . Enlarged edition,' 1891 ; ' The 
 Face of the Deep,' 1892 ; ' Verses,' 
 1893. 
 
 Posthumous: 'New Poems,' ed. by 
 W. M. Rossetti, 1896 ; 'Maude,' 1897. 
 
 Life: 'Brief Memoir,' by E. A. 
 Proctor, 1895. 
 
ROSSETTI— HOWE 
 
 241 
 
 fiOSSETTI (Dante Gabriel), 1828- 
 1882. [Brother of preceding.] Bom, 
 in London, 12 May 1828. [Christened 
 Gabriel Charles Dante, but always 
 used above form of Christian name.] 
 Educated at private school in London, 
 1836-37 ; at King's Coll., 1837-41. 
 Studied drawing at F. S. Gary's Art 
 School, 1842-46 ; at Royal Academy, 
 1846-48. Member of 'Pre-Raphael- 
 ite Brotherhood,' with Holman Hunt, 
 Woolner, and Millais. Gontrib. to 
 •The Germ,' 1850. Gontrib. poems 
 to * Oxford and Cambridge Mag.,' 
 1856 ; * Fortnightly Rev.,' 1869 ; 
 ' Athenaeum,' 1873-74. Active ar- 
 tistic and literary life. Married 
 Elizabeth Eleanor Siddal, 23 May 
 1860. She died, 11 Feb. 1862. 
 Buried his MS. poems in her cofl&n ; 
 they were disinterred, Oct. 1869. 
 Failing health from 1872. Died, at 
 Birchington, 9 April 1882. Buried 
 there. 
 
 Works : • Sir Hugh the Heron ' 
 (priv. ptd.), 1843 ; ' Poems,' 1870 (2nd 
 edn. same year ; new edn. , with altera- 
 tions, 1881); 'Ballads and Sonnets,' 
 1881 ; ' Verses ' (priv. ptd.), 1881. 
 
 Posthumous : * Family Letters,' ed. 
 by W. M. Rossetti, 1895 ; ' Hand and 
 Soul ' (from • The Germ ' ; ptd. at 
 Kelmscott Press), 1895. 
 
 He translated : * The Early Italian 
 Poets,' 1861 (another edn., called 
 • Dante and his Circle,' 1874 [1873]). 
 
 Collected Works: in 2 vols., ed. by 
 W. M. Rossetti, 1886. 
 
 Life : by William Sharp, 1882 ; 
 'D. G. Rossetti as Designer and 
 Writer,' by W. M. Rossetti, 1889 ; 
 Memoir by W. M. Rossetti in edn. 
 of * Family Letters,' 1895. 
 
 SOSSETTI (William Michael), b. 
 1829. [Brother of preceding.] Born, 
 in London, 25 Sept. 1829. At King's 
 Coll. School, Sept. 1837 to Feb. 1845. 
 Clerk in Inland Revenue OflBce (Ex- 
 cise), Feb. 1845 ; Assistant Sec, July 
 1869. Took active part in * Pre- 
 Raphaelite ' movement, from 1848. 
 Edited ' The Germ,' 1850. Married 
 Emma Lucy Madox Brown, 31 March 
 1874 ; she died, 12 April 1894. Re- 
 
 tired from Civil Service, 31 Aug. 
 1894. 
 
 Works : ' Swinburne's Poems and 
 Ballads,' 1866 ; ' Fine Art,' 1867 ; 
 'Notes on the Royal Academy Ex- 
 hibition ' (with A. C. Swinburne), 
 1868; 'Memoir of Shelley' [1870]; 
 
 • Lives of Famous Poets,' 1878 ; ' Shel- 
 ley's Prometheus Unbound,' 1886 ; 
 'Life of John Keats,' 1887 ; 'Dante 
 Gabriel Rossetti as Designer and 
 Writer,' 1889. 
 
 He has translated : Dante's ' In- 
 ferno,' 1865 ; and edited : Whitman's 
 Poems, 1868 ; ' Italian Courtesy- 
 Books, etc' (for E. E. Text Soc), 
 1869, etc ; Shelley's Poems, 1870 ; 
 'Moxon's Popular Poets,' 1870-80; 
 
 * Chaucer's Troylus and Cryseyde com- 
 pared with Boccaccio's Filostrato,' 
 1873-83 ; Blake's Poems, 1874 ; O. 
 Madox Brown's 'The Dwale Bluth ' 
 (with F. Hueffer), 1876 ; D. G. Ros- 
 setti's 'Collected Works,' 1886; H. 
 H. Gilchrist's 'Anne Gilchrist,' 1887 ; 
 Shelley's 'Adonais,' 1891 ; F. W. L. 
 Adams 'Tiberius,' 1894 ; D. G. Ros- 
 setti's 'Family Letters,' with memoir, 
 1895 ; Augusta Webster's * Mother 
 and Daughter,' 1895 ; 0. G. Rossetti'a 
 'New Poems,' 1896. 
 
 ROWE (Nicholas), 1674-1718. 
 Born, at Little Barford, Bedford- 
 shire, 1674 ; baptized, 30 June. 
 Early education at a school at High- 
 gate. To Westminster School as 
 King's Scholar, 1638. Called to Bar 
 at Middle Temple. Abandoned legal 
 profession after death of his father 
 in 1692. Married (i.) Antonia Par- 
 sons, 1700 [?]. Play, 'The Ambitious 
 Stepmother,' produced at Lincoln's 
 Inn Fields, 1700 ; 'Tamerlane,' 1702; 
 'The Fair Penitent,' 1703; 'The 
 Biter,' 1704 ; 'Ulysses,' 1706. * The 
 Royal Convert,' Haymarket, 25 Nov. 
 1707 ; ' Jane Shore,' Drury Lane, 2 
 Feb. 1714 ; ' Lady Jane Grey,' Drury 
 Lane, 20 April 1715. Wife died, 
 1706. Under-Secretary to Sec. of 
 State for Scotland, 1709-11. Poet 
 Laureate, Aug. 1715. Surveyor of 
 Customs, Oct. 1715. Married (ii.) 
 Anne Devenisb, 1717. Clerk of Counoil 
 16 
 
242 
 
 ROWLEY— RUSKIN 
 
 to Prince of Wales. Clerk of Pre- 
 sentations, 1718. Died, in London, 6 
 Dec. 1718. Buried in Westminster 
 Abbey, 
 
 Works : * The Ambitious Step- 
 mother,' 1701 ; ' Tamerlane,' 1702 ; 
 'TheFair Penitent,' 1703 ; 'Britannia's 
 Charge to the Sons of Freedom,' 1703 ; 
 'The Biter,' 1705; 'Ulysses,' 1706; 
 ' Ode on the late Glorious successes of 
 Her Majesty's Arms,' 1707 ; * The 
 Royal Convert,' 1708 ; ' The Tragedy 
 of Jane Shore ' [1714] ; ' Poems on 
 Several Occasions,' 1714 ; 'Maecenas,' 
 1714 ; 'The Tragedy of Lady Jane 
 Grey,' 1715 ; ' Ode for the New Year 
 1716,' 1716. 
 
 Retranslated: Boileau's 'Lutrin,' 
 1708 ; De La Bruyfere's ' Characters,' 
 1708 ; Quillet's ' Callipsediae,' 1710 ; 
 Lucan's'Pharsalia,'17l8 ; &ixd edited: 
 Shakespeare's Works, 1709. 
 
 Collected Works : in 3 vols., 1727 ; 
 in 2 vols., ed. by Dr. Johnson, 1792. 
 
 EOWLEY(William),1585[1]-1642[?] 
 Born, 1585[?]. For many years an 
 actor and dramatist. Collaborated 
 frequently with Middleton. Probably 
 retired from stage about 1630. Mar- 
 ried Isabel Tooley, 1637. Died 1642L?]. 
 
 Works : ' The Travailes of the Three 
 English Brothers ' (with Wilkins and 
 Day), 1607; 'A Search for Money,' 
 1609 ; 'A Fair Quarrel' (with Mid- 
 dleton), 1617 ; * A Courtly Masque : 
 the device called, The World Tost at 
 Tennis' (with Middleton), [1620]; 
 ' A Farewell Elegie on the Death of 
 Hugh Atwell,' 1621 ; 'ANew Wonder: 
 a Woman Never Vext,' 1632; 'All's 
 Lost by Lust,' 1633; 'A Match at 
 Midnight,' 1633 ; 'A Shoemaker a 
 Gentleman,' 1638 ; ' The Changeling ' 
 (with Middleton), 1653 ; ' The Spanish 
 Gipsy ' (with Middleton), 1653 ; 'For- 
 tune by Land and Sea' (with Hey- 
 wood), 1655 ; ' The Excellent Comedy 
 called the Old Law ' (with Massinger 
 and Middleton), 1656 ; 'The Witch 
 of Edmonton' (with Dekker, Ford, 
 and others), 1658 ; ' A Cure for a 
 Cuckold' (with Webster), 1661 ; 'The 
 Thracian Wonder,' 1661 ; ' The Birth 
 of Merlin' (pubd. as by Shakspeare 
 
 and Rowley, but written by Rowley 
 alone), 1662. 
 
 RUSKIN (John), b. 1819. Born, in 
 London, 8 Feb. 1819. Privately edu- 
 cated. Matric. Ch. Ch., Oxford, 20 
 Oct. 1836 ; went into residence, 14 
 Jan. 1837 ; Newdigate Prize Poem, 
 1839 ; B.A., May 1842 ; M.A., 28 
 Oct. 1843 ; Hon. Student, Ch. Ch., 
 1867 ; Hon. Fellow, Corpus Christ! 
 Coll., 1871 ; Slade Prof, of Fine Art, 
 1869-79 and 1883-85. Contrib. to 
 various periodicals, from 1834, Rede 
 Lecturer, Camb., 1867 ; Hon. LL.D., 
 Camb., 15 May 1867, Endowed 
 School of Drawing in Taylorian Mu- 
 seum, Oxford, 1871. 
 
 Works : ' Salsette and Elephanta ' 
 (Newdigate Prize Poem), 1839 ; 
 'Modern Painters,' vol. i. (anon.) 
 1843 ; vol. ii. (anon,), 1846 ; vols, iii., 
 iv., 1856 ; vol. v., 1860 ; 'The Seven 
 Lamps of Architecture,' 1849 ; 'Poems' 
 (under initials: J. R.), 1850; 'The 
 King of the Golden River ' (anon. ), 
 1851 ; * The Stones of Venice,' vol. !., 
 1851; vols, ii., iii., 1853; abridged 
 edn. of whole, 1879 ; ' Examples of 
 the Architecture of Venice,' 1851 ; 
 ' Notes on the Construction of Sheep- 
 folds,' 1851; 'Pre-Raphaelitism,' 
 1851 ; 'The National Gallery' (from 
 the « Times,' anon.), 1852 ; ' Giotto 
 and his Works in Padua' (3 pts.), 
 1854-60 ; ' Lectures on Architecture 
 and Painting,' 1854 ; * Letters to the 
 "Times" on the principal Pre-Ra- 
 phaelite Pictures in the Exhibition,' 
 1854 ; « The Opening of the Crystal 
 Palace,' 1854 ; * Notes on . . . the 
 Royal Academy,' no. i., 1855 ; no. ii., 
 1856 ; no. iii., 1857 ; no. iv., 1858 ; 
 no. v., 1859 ; ' The Harbours of Eng- 
 land,' 1856 ; ' Notes on the Turner 
 Gallery at Marlborough House,' 1857 ; 
 ' Catalogue of the Turner Sketches in 
 the National Gallery,' pt. i., 1857 (en- 
 larged edn. same year) ; ' Catalogue 
 of the Sketches and Drawings by J. 
 M. W. Turner ... at Marlborough 
 House,' 1857 (enlarged edn., 1858) ; 
 ' The Elements of Drawing,' 1857 ; 
 « The Political Economy of Art,' 1857 ; 
 ' Inaugural Address at the Cambridge 
 
RUSKIN 
 
 243 
 
 School of Art,' 1858 ; ' The Oxford 
 Museum ' (with H.W. Acland), 1859; 
 •The Two Paths,' 1859 ; 'The Unity 
 of Art ' (priv. ptd.), 1859 ; * The Ele- 
 ments of Perspective,' 1859 ; 'Selec- 
 tions ' from his works, 1861 ; ' "Unto 
 this Last," ' 1862 ; * Sesame and 
 Lilies,' 1865 ; *An Enquiry into some 
 of the Conditions at present affecting 
 the Study of Architecture in our 
 Schools,' 1865; 'The Ethics of the 
 Dust,' 1866: 'The Crown of Wild 
 Olive,' 1866; 'Time and Tide by 
 Weare and Tyne,' 1867 ; * First Notes 
 on the General Principles of Employ- 
 ment for the Destitute and Criminal 
 Classes ' (priv. ptd. ), 1868 ; ' Leoni ' 
 (under initials: J. R.), 1868 ; 'The 
 Queen of the Air,' 1869 ; ' Samuel 
 Prouf (priv. ptd.), 1870; 'The 
 Future of England ' [1870] ; * Verona 
 and its Rivers,' 1870 ; * Lectures on 
 Art,' 1870; 'Catalogue of Examples 
 ... in the University Galleries, 
 1870; 'Works' (11 vols.), 1871-83; 
 •Fors Clavigera' (8 vols.), 1871-84; 
 [' Index ' to preceding, 1887 ;] ' Mu- 
 nera Pulveris,' 1872 ; ' Aratra Pente- 
 lici,' 1872; 'The Relation between 
 Michael Angelo and Tintoret,' 1872 ; 
 
 * The Eagle's Nest,' 1872 ; ' The Se- 
 pulchral Monuments of Italy,' 1872 ; 
 
 * Instructions in Elementary Drawing' 
 (priv. ptd.), 1872; 'Instructions in 
 the Preliminary Exercises,' 1873 ; 
 
 * Love's Meinie,' 1873 ; * The Nature 
 and Authority of Miracle ' (priv. ptd.), 
 1873; 'Val d'Arno,' 1874; 'Fron- 
 des Agrestes ' (selected from 'Modern 
 Painters'), 1875 ; * Notes on Some of 
 the Principal Pictures in the . . . 
 Royal Academy,' 1875 ; 'Proserpina' 
 (10 pts.), 1875-86; 'Deucalion' (8 
 pts.), 1875-83 ; ' Mornings in Florence' 
 (8 pts.), 1875-77 ; * Ariadne Fioren- 
 tina,' 1876 ; ' Letters to the "Times,"' 
 (anon.), 1876 ; ' Letter to Young 
 Girls' [1876]; 'St. Mark's Rest,' 1877- 
 84 ; • Guide to the Principal Pictures 
 in the Academy of Fine Arts at 
 Venice,' 1877; 'Yewdale and its 
 Streamlets,' 1877 ; ' The Laws of Fe- 
 Bole ' (4 pts.), 1877-79 ; • Abstract of 
 the Objects ... of St. George's 
 Guild ' [1878] ; ' Notes by Mr. Rus- 
 
 kin on his Collection of Drawings by 
 the late J. M. W. Turner,' 1878 ; 
 ' Letters to the Clergy ' (priv. ptd.), 
 
 1879 ; ' Circular respecting ... St. 
 Mark's,' 1879-80 ; ' Elements of Eng- 
 lish Prosody,' 1880 ; * Notes ... on 
 S. Prout and W. Hunt,' 1880 ; ' Ar- 
 rows of the Chace ' (2 vols.), 1880 ; 
 ' The Lord's Prayer and the Church,* 
 
 1880 ; * " Our Fathers have told us," ' 
 1880-85 ; ' General Statement explain- 
 ing the . . . St. George's Guild,' 1882 ; 
 
 ♦ The Art of England,' 1883-84 ; ' Coeli 
 Enarrant' (selected from 'Modem 
 Painters '), 1884 ; ' Catalogue of Se- 
 lected Examples of Native Silica in the 
 British Museum,' 1884; 'The Plea- 
 sures of England,' 1884 ; ' In Montibus 
 Sanctis * (selected from ' Modern Pain- 
 ters '), 1884 ; ' The Storm-cloud of the 
 Nineteenth Century,' 1884 ; ' On the 
 Old Road ' (2 vols.), 1885 ; ' Prseterita ' 
 (3 vols. ), 1885-88 ; ' Notes on the Prin- 
 cipal Pictures of Sir J. E. Millais,' 
 1886; 'Dilecta' (2 pts.), 1886-87; 
 •Hortus Inclusus,' 1887; 'Poems,' 
 1891; 'Gold' (priv. ptd.), 1891; 
 
 * Letters ... to various Correspon- 
 dents ' (priv. ptd.), 1892; 'Stray Let- 
 ters to a London Bibliophile ' (priv. 
 ptd.), 1892 ; 'The Poetry of Architec- 
 ture,' 1893 [1892] ; ' Three Letters 
 and an Essay on Literature,' 1893 ; 
 'Letters to W. Ward' (priv. ptd.), 
 1893 ; * Letters addressed to a College 
 Friend,' 1894 ; ' Letters ... to Er- 
 nest Chesneau' (priv. ptd.), 1894; 
 ' Letters on Art and Literature ' (ed. 
 by T. J. Wise ; priv. ptd.), 1894 ; 'Ve- 
 rona, and other Lectures,' 1894 ; 'Let- 
 ters to . . . Rev. J. P. Faunthorpe ' 
 (ed. by T. J. Wise ; priv. ptd.), 1895, 
 etc. ; ' Studies in Both Arts,' 1895. 
 
 He has edited : A. C. Owen's 'The 
 Art Schools of Mediaeval Christendom,* 
 1876 ; ' Bibliotheca Pastorum,' vols, i., 
 ii., 1876-77 ; vol. iv., 1885 ; F. Alex- 
 ander's • The Story of Ida,' 1883 ; F. 
 Alexander's * Roadside Songs of Tus- 
 cany,' 1884-85 ; ' Dame Wiggins of 
 Lee,' 1885; 'Ulric the Farm Ser- 
 vant,' 1886 ; F. Alexander's 'Christ'» 
 Folk in the Apennine ' ; and has con- 
 tributed prefatory letters or introduc- 
 tions to various works. 
 
 le— 2 
 
244 
 
 RUSSELL 
 
 EUSSELL (WiUiam Clark), b. 1844. 
 Born, in New York, 24 Feb. 1844. 
 Educated at private schools at Win- 
 chester and Boulogne, 1853-56. In 
 British Merchant Service, 1857-64. 
 Adopted literary career. Married 
 Alexandrina Henry, 27 June 1868. 
 On staff of ' Newcastle Daily Chroni- 
 cle,' and of • Daily Telegraph * respec- 
 tively. Gave up journalism, 1887. 
 Of late years has resided at Bath. 
 
 Works: 'John Holdsworth ' (anon.), 
 1875 ; 'The Wreck of the "Grosve- 
 nor " ' (anon.), 1877 ; 'The Little Loo,' 
 1878 ; 'A Sailor's Sweetheart,' 1880 ; 
 
 * An Ocean Free-Lance,' 1881 ; ' The 
 " Lady Maud " Schooner Yacht,' 1882; 
 *My Watch Below' (anon.), 1882; 
 'A Sea Queen,' 1883; 'Round the 
 Galley-Fire,' 1883 ; ' Sailors' Lan- 
 guage,' 1883 ; ' Jack's Courtship,' 
 1884 ; 'English Channel Ports, etc.,' 
 1884 ; ♦ On the Fo'k'sle Head,' 1884 ; 
 
 * A Forecastle View of the Shipping 
 Commission,' 1885 ; * A Strange 
 Voyage,' 1885; 'In the Middle 
 Watch,' 1885; 'A Voyage to the 
 Cape,' 1886 ; ' A Book for the Ham- 
 mock,' 1887; 'The Frozen Pirate,' 
 1887; 'The Golden Hope,' 1887; 
 
 ♦ The Death-Ship,' 1888 ; ' The Mys- 
 tery of the " Ocean Star," ' 1888 ; 
 
 • Betwixt the Forelands,' 1889 ; ' Ma- 
 rooned,' 1889 ; ' The Romance of 
 Jenny Harlowe,' 1889 ; ' William 
 Dam pier,' 1889 ; ' An Ocean Tragedy,' 
 1890 ; ' The Romance of a Wreck,' 
 1890 ; 'Horatio Nelson,' 1890 ; 'Col- 
 lingwood,' 1891 ; * A Marriage at 
 Sea,' 1891; 'Master Rockafellar's 
 Voyage,' 1891 ; * My Danish Sweet- 
 heart,' 1891 ; * A Strange Elopement,' 
 1892; 'Mrs. Dines' Jewels,' 1892; 
 
 • The British Seas ' (with others), 1892 ; 
 
 ♦ Alone on a Wide, Wide Sea,' 1892 ; 
 'The Emigrant Ship,' 1893; 'List, 
 ye Landsmen !' 1893 ; ' The Tragedy 
 of Ida Noble,' 1893 ; 'Miss Parson's 
 Adventure,' 1894 [1893] ; ' The Good 
 Ship " Mohock," ' 1894 ; ' The Phan- 
 tom Death,' 1895 ; ' The Convict 
 Ship,' 1895 ; 'Heart oi Oak,' 1895; 
 ' What Cheer V 1896 ; ' The Tale of 
 the Ten,' 1896; 'The Honour of the 
 Flag,' 1896 ; 'A Noble Haul,' 1897 ; 
 
 ' A Tale of Two Tunnels,' 1897 ; 'The 
 Last Entry,' 1897. 
 
 He has edited: 'Nelson's Words 
 and Deeds : a Selection,' 1890. 
 
 RUSSELL {Sir William Howard), 
 b. 1820. Born, at Lily vale, co. Dublin, 
 28 March 1820. Educated at Rev. 
 Dr. Geoghrgan's School, Dublin ; after- 
 wards at Trin. Coll., Dublin, 1838-40. 
 Joined staff of the 'Times,' 1843. 
 Married (i.) Mary Burrowes, 26 Sept 
 1846. Student at Middle Temple, 2 
 May 1846 ; called to Bar, 7 Jun€ 
 1850. Special Correspondent of the 
 ' Times ' during Crimean War (preseni 
 at Alma, Inkerman, Balaclava, etc.), 
 1854-56 ; at Coronation of Czar in 
 Moscow, 1856 ; during Indian Mutinj 
 (Siege of Lucknow, Battle of Bareilly 
 Oude campaign), 1857-58 ; during 
 Italian campaign, 1859 ; during Civil 
 War in United States (Battle of Bull 
 Run), 1861-62 ; during war between 
 Prussiaand Austria (Battle of Sadowa), 
 1866 ; during Franco-German War 
 (Battles of Worth, Sedan, Siege of 
 Paris), 1870. LL.D., Trin. CoU., 
 Dublin, 1856. Has edited ' Army and 
 Navy Gazette ' since 1858. Wife died, 
 1867. With suite of Prince of Wales 
 in Egypt, 1868. Hon. Private Sec. 
 to Prince of Wales on his visit to 
 India, 1875-76. Accompanied Lord 
 Wolseley's forces in S. Africa, 1 879-80 ; 
 war in Egypt, 1883-84. War medals 
 and decorations : Turkish War Medal, 
 Osmanieh Medjidieh, Indian Mutiny 
 (clasp for Lucknow), Crimean, Officer 
 of Legion of Honour, Austrian Order 
 Franz Josef, Portuguese and Greek 
 orders St. Sauveur, South African 
 War Medal, etc. Married (ii. ) Coun- 
 tess Antonietta Matilda Alexandrina 
 PiaMalvezzi, 18 Feb. 1884. Knighted, 
 1895. Is an F.Z.S. and F.R.G.S. 
 
 Works : ' The War ' (2 vols.), 1855- 
 56 ; ' Rifle Clubs and Volunteer 
 Corps,' 1859 ; ' My Diary in India ' 
 (2 vols.), 1860 ; 'The Battle of Bull 
 Run,' 1861 ; 'My Diary North and 
 South' (3 vols.), 1863-65; 'A Me- 
 morial of the Marriage of . . . Albert) 
 Edward, Prince of Wales,' 1864; 
 * Gen. Todleben's History of the De- 
 
RYMER-ST. JOHN 
 
 245 
 
 fence of Sebastopol,' 1865 ; 'The At- 
 lantic Telegraph ' [1866] ; ' The Ad- 
 ventures of Doctor Brady ' (from 'Tins- 
 ley's Mag.'), 1868 ; ' A Diary in the 
 East during the Tour of the Prince 
 and Princess of Wales,' 1869 ; * My 
 Diary during the last Great War,' 
 1874; 'The Prince of Wales's Tour: a 
 Diary in India,' 1877 ; * The Crimea,' 
 1881 ; • Hesperothen,' 1882 ; 'A Visit 
 to ChUe,' 1890; 'The Great War 
 with Russia,' 1895. 
 
 He has edited : * The Crimean 
 Diary of Sir C. A. Windham,' 1897. 
 
 BYMER (Thomas), 1641 - 1713. 
 Bom, at Yafforth, Yorkshire, 1641. 
 Early education at a school at Danby- 
 Wiske. Matric. Sidney Sussex Coll., 
 Camb., as Minor Pensioner, 29 April 
 1658. Took no degree. Student of 
 Gray's Inn, 2 May 1666 ; called to 
 Bar, 16 June 1673. Devoted himself 
 mainly to literature. Historiographer 
 Royal, 1692. Appointed to edit pub- 
 lication of the treaties between Great 
 Britain and the Foreign Powers, 
 1693. Engaged on this till his death. 
 Died, in London, 14 Dec. 1713. 
 Buried in St. Clement Danes Church. 
 
 Works: 'Edgar,' 1678 ; 'The Tra- 
 gedies of the Last Age considered ' 
 [1678]; *A General Draught . . . 
 of Government in Europe ' (anon. ), 
 1681 ; 'Of the Antiquity, Power, 
 and Decay of Parliaments,' 1684 ; 'A 
 Poem on the arrival of Queen Mary,' 
 1689; 'A Short View of Tragedy,' 
 1693 [1692] ; ' Three Letters to the 
 Bishop of Carlisle ' (anon.), 1702-06. 
 
 He translated: 'Cicero's Prince,' 
 1668 ; Rapin's * Reflections on Aris- 
 totle's Treatise of Poesie,' 1674 ; and 
 edited : 'Foedera,' vols, i.-xv., 1704-13. 
 
 SACKVILLE (Thomas), Earl of 
 Dorset, 1636-1608. Bom, at Buck- 
 hurst, Sussex, 1536. Probably edu- 
 cated at Sullington Grammar School. 
 Incumbent of the Chantry at Sul- 
 lington Church, 1546. Called to Bar 
 at Inner Temple. Married Cicely 
 Baker, 1554. M.P. for Westmore- 
 land, 1558 ; for East Grinstead, 1559 ; 
 for Aylesbury, 1563. Tragedy ' Gor- 
 
 boduc' (written with Norton), per- 
 formed in Inner Temple Hall, 1561. 
 Grand Master of Freemasons, 1561-67. 
 Travelled on Continent, 1563-66. 
 Knighted, and created Baron Buck- 
 hurst, 8 June 1667. Privy Councillor. 
 Lord Lieutenant of Sussex, 1569. On 
 political missions to France, 1568 and 
 1571. To Holland, 1587 and 1589; 
 to France, 1591 and 1598. Created 
 M.A., Camb., Aug. 1571. Com- 
 missioner for Ecclesiastical Causes, 
 1588. K.G., 24 April 1589. Chan- 
 cellor of Oxford University, Dec. 1591 ; 
 incorporated M.A., 6 Jan. 1592. 
 Commissioner of Writs, 1592[?]. Lord 
 Treasurer, 1599. Lord High Steward, 
 1601. Created Earl of Dorset, 13 
 March 1604. Died suddenly, at 
 Whitehall, 19 April 1608. Buried in 
 Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works: Contribution to *A Myr- 
 roure for Magistrates,' 1559-63 ; 'The 
 Tragedy of Gorboduc ' (with Norton), 
 1565 ; Verses contributed to Sir T. 
 Hoby's ' Courtier,' 1561 ; and possibly 
 to *A Paradise of Dainty Devices,' 
 1576. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by Rev. R. W. 
 Sackville West, 1859. 
 
 ST. JOHN (Henry), Viscount Boling- 
 broke, 1678-1761. Born, in London, 
 1678 ; baptized 10 Oct. Educated at 
 Eton. Married (i.) Francis Winch- 
 combe, 1700. M.P. for Wootton- 
 Bassett, Dec. 1701. Hon. D.D., 
 Oxford, 1702. Sec. for War, 1704. 
 Re-elected M.P. for Wootton-Bassett, 
 1706. Sec. of State, 1710-14. M.P. 
 for Berkshire, Oct. 1710. Created 
 Viscount Bolingbroke and Baron St. 
 John of Lydiard Tregoze, 7 July 1712. 
 Sec. of State to Pretender, July 1714 
 to 1716. Abandoned Jacobite Cause, 
 1716. Wife died, Nov. 1718. Married 
 (ii.) Mme. Marie Claire de Villette, 
 May 1720. Restored to favour at 
 English Court, 1723. Resumed poli- 
 tical life. Contrib. to 'The Crafts- 
 man,' 1727-34. In later years spent 
 much time in France. Political career 
 ended, 1740. Died, in London, 12 
 Dec. 1751. Buried at Battersea. 
 
 Works : ' Letter to the " Examiner'" 
 
246 
 
 SAINTSBURY 
 
 (anon.), 1710; * Considerations upon 
 the Secret History of the White StafE ' 
 (anon. ; attrib. to Bolingbroke), 1714 ; 
 'The Public Spirit of the Whigs' 
 (anon. ; with Swift), 1714 ; 'The Re- 
 presentation of the Lord Viscount 
 Bolingbroke ' (anon. ; attrib. to Bol- 
 ingbroke), 1715 ; 'Letter ... to the 
 Dean of St. Patrick's ' (anon.), 1715 ; 
 •The Occasional Writer' (anon.), 1727 ; 
 
 • Observations on the Public Affairs of 
 Great Britain/ (under pseud.: 'W. 
 Raleigh '), 1729 ; ' The Craftsman 
 Extraordinary' (3 pts. ; anon.), 1729; 
 'Letter to Caleb Danvers' (under 
 pseud.: 'John Trott '), 1730; 'A 
 Final Answer to the Remarks on the 
 Craftsman's Vindication ' (anon.), 
 1731 ; ' The Freeholder's Political 
 Catechism' (from 'The Craftsman'), 
 1733 ; 'The Idea of a Patriot King* 
 (anon.), [1735 ?] ; ' A Dissertation 
 upon Parties ' (from ' The Craftsman,' 
 1735 (2nd edn. same year) ; ' Good 
 Queen Anne Vindicated ' (anon.), 
 1748 ; ' A Collection of Political 
 Tracts ' (anon.), 1748 ; 'Letters on the 
 Spirit of Patriotism ' (anon. ), 1749 ; 
 •A Familiar Letter to the most 
 impudent man living ' (anon.), 1749. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Letters on the Study 
 and Use of History ' (2 vols. ), 1752 ; 
 ' Reflections concerning Innate Moral 
 Principles,' 1752; 'Letters to Dr. 
 Jonathan Swift,' 1752 ; 'Letter to Sir 
 W. Wyndbam,' 1753 ; ' Reflections on 
 the State of the Nation,' 1753 ; * In- 
 troductory Letter to Pope,' 1753 ; 
 
 • Letters and Correspondence,' ed. by 
 G.Parke (4 vols.), 1798. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by D. Mallet 
 (5 vols.), 1754. 
 Life : by T. Macknight, 1863. 
 
 SAINTSBURY (George Edward 
 Bateman), b. 1845. Born, at South- 
 ampton, 23 Oct. 1845. At King's 
 Coll. School, London, autumn 1858 to 
 summer 1863. Matric. Merton Coll., 
 Oxford, 17 Oct. 1863 j Postmaster, 
 1863-68; B.A., 1867; M.A., 1873. 
 Student of Inner Temple, 1866. As- 
 sistant-Master, Manchester Grammar 
 School, 1868. Married Emily Fenn 
 King, 2 June 1868. Senior Classical 
 
 Master, Elizabeth Coll., Guernsey, 
 1868-74. Headmaster of Elgin Educa- 
 tional Institute, 1874-76. Removed to 
 London, 1876. Frequent contributor 
 to periodicals since 1876. Prof, of 
 Rhetoric and English Literature, Edin- 
 burgh Univ., 1895. Removed to Edin- 
 burgh, Oct. 1895. 
 
 Works : ' Primer of French Litera- 
 ture,' 1880 ; 'Dryden,' 1881 ; 'Short 
 History of the Life and Writings of 
 A. R. Le Sage' (priv. ptd.), [1881] ; 
 'Short History of French Literature,' 
 1882; 'Marlborough,' 1885; 'His- 
 tory of Elizabethan Literature,' 1887 ; 
 'Manchester,' 1887 ; 'Essays in English 
 Literature,' 1st series, 1890 ; 2nd series, 
 1895 ; ' Essays on French Novelists,' 
 1891 ; ' Miscellaneous Essays,' 1892 ; 
 •The Earl of Derby,' 1892; •Cor- 
 rected Impressions,' 1895 ; 'Inaugural 
 Address delivered atEdinburgh,' 1895 ; 
 'History of Nineteenth Century Liter- 
 ature,' 1896 ; 'Sir Walter Scott,' 1897 ; 
 ' The Flourishing of Romance and the 
 Rise of Allegory,' 1897. 
 
 He has translated : Balzac's * The 
 Chouans,' 1890 ; Merimee's ' Chronicle 
 of the Reign of Charles IX.,' 1890 ; 
 Scherer's 'Essays on English Litera- 
 ture,' 1891. 
 
 He has edited: Corneille's 'Horace,* 
 1882 ; Dryden's Works, 1882, etc. ; 
 • French Lyrics,' 1882 ; ' Specimens 
 of French Literature,' 1883; 'Speci- 
 mens of English Prose Style,' 1885 ; 
 Voltaire's ' Merope,' 1885 ; Quinet's 
 'Lettres k sa Mere,' 1885 ; Sainte- 
 Beuve's ' Causeries du Lundi,' 1885 ; 
 Gautier's ' Scenes of Travel,' 1886 ; 
 'Gulliver's Travels,' 1886; Racine's 
 ' Esther,' 1886 ; • The Vicar of Wake- 
 field,' 1886; Moli^re's 'L'Ecole dea 
 Femmes,' 1888 ; 'The Pocket Library 
 of English Literature,' 1891 - 92 ; 
 Swift's 'Polite Conversation,' 1892; 
 Florio's 'Montaigne,' 1892, etc.; Field- 
 ing's Works, 1893, etc. ; Herrick's 
 Works, 1893; Madame de Stael's 
 'Corinne,' 1894; Sterne's Works, 
 1894 ; Jane Austen's • Pride and Pre- 
 judice,' 1894 ; Marmontel's ' Moral 
 Tales,' selected, 1895 ; Peacock's 
 Novels, 1895, etc. ; Richardson's ' Let- 
 ters from Sir Charles Grandison,' 1895 ; 
 
SALA-SANDYS 
 
 247 
 
 Smollett's Works, 1895, etc.; Balzac's 
 
 * Comedie Humaine ' (trans, by various 
 writers), 1895, etc. 
 
 SALA (George Angastas Henry), 
 1828-1895. Bom, in London, 24 Nov. 
 1828. Educated at a school in Paris, 
 1839-41 ; at Turnham Green, 1842. 
 Studied drawing, 1842-43. Worked 
 as scene-painter and book-illustrator, 
 1845-48. Contributed to 'Family 
 Herald,' 1845 ; to ' Chat ' (which he 
 afterwards edited), 1848. Started 
 
 • Conservative Mag.' (only one number 
 pubd.), 1850. Contrib. to * House- 
 hold Words,' from 1851 ; to 'Illustrated 
 Times,' 1855 ; to 'Comic Times,' 1855. 
 Edited weekly paper, 'London,' 1853- 
 54. To St. Petersburg, on commission 
 for 'Household Words,' 1856. First 
 wrote for 'Daily Telegraph,' 1857 ; re- 
 mained on its staff for greater part of 
 life. One of founders of Savage Club, 
 1857. Onstaff of 'All the Year Round,' 
 1858-70. Married (L) Mrs. Harriet 
 Sala, 1859. Contrib. to 'The Welcome 
 Guest,' 1859 ; to 'Cornhill Mag.,' 1860. 
 Started 'Temple Bar,' Dec. 1860; 
 edited it till 1866. Contrib. 'Echoes 
 of the Week ' to ' Illustrated London 
 News,' 1860-86; to 'Sunday Times,' 
 1886-94. Mem. of Reform Club, 13 
 March 1862. Special Correspondent 
 to 'Daily Telegraph,' in United States, 
 Nov. 1863 to Dec. 1864 ; in Algeria, 
 1865 ; during Austro-Italian War, 
 Nov, 1865 to 1867 ; in Paris, 1867 and 
 1870 ; in Rome, 1870 ; in Spain, 1875; 
 in Russia and Turkey, 1876-77 ; in 
 Paris, 1878 ; in America, Dec. 1879 to 
 spring of 1880 ; in St. Petersburg, 1881 
 and 1883 ; in America, Australia and 
 India (also lecturing), Dec. 1884 to 
 1885. Wife died, Dec. 1885. Married 
 (ii.) Bessie Stannard, 1891. Started 
 •Sala's Journal' with her, May 1892 ; 
 it ceased to be published, 1894. Civil 
 List Pension, 1895. Died, at Brighton, 
 8 Dec. 1895. 
 
 Works: ' Ye Belle Alliance' [1856] ; 
 ' A Journey Due North,' 1858 ; ' How 
 I tamed Mrs. Cruiser,' 1858 ; * Twice 
 Round the Clock' [1859] ; ' Gaslight 
 and Daylight,' 1859 ; 'The Baddington 
 Peerage,' 1860 ; ' Lady Chesterfield's 
 
 Letters to her Daughter,' 1860 ; 
 'Looking at Life,' 1860; 'Narrative 
 of the Grand Volunteer Review,' 1860 
 (2nd edn. same year) ; ' Target Shoot- 
 ing,' 1860 ; 'Make your Game,' 1860 ; 
 'Dutch Pictures,' 1861 ; 'The Seven 
 Sons of Mammon,' 1862 ; ' The Two 
 Prima Donnas,' 1862 ; ' The Ship 
 Chandler,'1862 ; '.Accepted Addresses,' 
 1862; 'The Strange Adventures of 
 Captain Dangerous,' 1863 ; 'Breakfast 
 in Bed,' 1863 ; 'The Perfidy of Captain 
 Sly-Boots,' 1863 ; ' Robson,' 1864 ; 
 'After Breakfast,' 1864 ; ' Quite Alone,' 
 1864 ; ♦ My Diary in America,' 1865 ; 
 ' A Trip to Barbary,' 1866 ; ' William 
 Hogarth,' 1866; 'From Waterloo to 
 the Peninsula,' 1867 [1866]; 'Notes 
 and Sketches of the Paris Exhibition,' 
 1868 ; ' The Battle of the Safes,' 1868 ; 
 ' Rome and Venice,' 1869 ; ' Wat 
 Tyler, M.P ,' 1869; 'The Late M. 
 
 D .' [1870]; 'Charles Dickens' 
 
 [1870] ; ' Papers, humorous and pa- 
 thetic,' 1872; ' Under the Sun,' 1872 ; 
 'The Story of the Comte de Chara- 
 bord,' 1873 ; ' India and the Prince of 
 Wales ' [1875] ; ' Paris Herself Again,* 
 1880 [1879]; 'The Hats of Humanity' 
 [1880]; 'America Revisited,' 1882; 
 ' Living London,' 1883 ; 'Stories with a 
 Vengeance' (with others), 1883 ; ' Dead 
 Men tell no Tales' [1884] ; 'Echoes 
 of the Year 1883,' 1884 ; 'A Journey 
 Due South,' 1885; 'Mrs. General 
 Mucklestrap's Four Tall Daughters' 
 [1887]; 'Right Round the Werld ' 
 [1887]; 'Dublin Whiskey' [1888]; 
 ' Not a Friend in the World ' [1890] ; 
 'Things I have Seen and People I 
 have Known,' 1894 ; ' London Up to 
 Date,' 1894 ; 'Life and Adventures' 
 (autobiog.), 1895 (3rd edn. same year) ; 
 « The Thorough Good Cook,' 1895 ; 
 'Brighton as I have known it,' 1895. 
 
 He edited : Lamb's ' Complete Cor- 
 respondence and Works,' 1869 ; 
 ' Yankee Drolleries ' [1870] ; and con- 
 tributed introductions to various pub- 
 lications. 
 
 SANDYS (George), 1578 - 1644. 
 Born, at Bishopsthorpe, 2 March 1578. 
 Matric, St. Mary Hall, Oxford, 5 Dec. 
 1589. Took no degree. Travelled 
 
248 
 
 SAVAGE-SAVILE 
 
 in Europe and the East, 1610-15. To 
 America, as Treasurer of Virginian 
 Company, April 1621. Returned, 
 1631[?]. Appointed Gentleman of 
 Privy Chamber to Charles I. Agent 
 in England to Legislative Assembly 
 of Virginia, 1638. Died, at Boxley, 
 Kent, 1644. Buried in Boxley Church. 
 
 Works : ' A Relation of a Journey,' 
 1615; 'Ovid's Metamorphoses trans- 
 lated into English Verse,' bks. i.-v., 
 1621 ; complete, 1626 ; ' Sacrse Hep- 
 tades ' (under initials 'S.C ; attrib. to 
 Sandys), 1626 ; ' Paraphrase upon the 
 Psalmes of David,' 1636 ; * A Para- 
 phrase upon the Divine Poems,' 1638 ; 
 Translation of De Groot's 'Christ's 
 Passion,' 1640; 'A Paraphrase upon 
 the Song of Solomon,' 1641. 
 
 Collected WorA:s; 'Poetical Works,' 
 ed. by Rev. R. Hooper, 1872. 
 
 SAVAGE (Richard), 1690 [?].1743. 
 Born, about 1690 [?]. Play, 'Wo- 
 man's a Riddle,' produced at Lincoln's 
 Inn Fields, 4 Dec. 1716 ; 'Love in a 
 Veil,' Drury Lane, 17 June 1718 ; 
 'Sir Thomas Overbury,' Drury Lane, 
 12 June 1723. Condemned to death, 
 for murder in a tavern brawl, Nov. 
 1727 ; pardoned, March 1728. Mem- 
 ber of Lord Tyrconnel's household, 
 1728-34. Pension from Queen Caro- 
 line, 1732-37. Arrested for debt in 
 Bristol, 10 Jan. 1743. Died in 
 prison there, 1 Aug. 1743. Buried in 
 St. Peter's Churchyard, Bristol. 
 
 Works: 'The Convocation,' 1717 ; 
 'Memoirs of Theophilus Keene ' 
 (anon. ; attrib. to Savage), 1718 ; 
 'Love in a Veil,' 1719 ; 'Sir Thomas 
 Overbury,' 1724 ; ' A Poem, sacred to 
 the glorious memory of . . . King 
 George,' 1727 ; 'Nature in Perfection,' 
 1728; 'The Bastard,' 1728; 'The 
 Author to be Let ' [1728 ?] ; ' The 
 Wanderer,' 1729 ; 'Verses occasioned 
 by Lady Tyrconnel's Recovery,' 1730 ; 
 • Poem to the Memory of Mrs. Old- 
 field ' (anon. ; attrib. to Savage), 
 1730 ; 'A Collection of Pieces . . . 
 publish'd on occasion of the Dunciad,' 
 1732; 'The Volunteer Laureat' (6 
 nos.), 1732-37 ; ' On the Departure of 
 the PrincQ and Princess of Orange,' 
 
 1734; 'The Progress of a Divine,' 
 1735 ; 'Poem on the Birthday of the 
 Prince of Wales,' 1735 ; ' Of Public 
 Spirit in regard to Public Works,' 1737. 
 
 Posthumous: * London and Bristol 
 Compared,' 1744 ; ' Various Poems,' 
 1761, 
 
 He edited : ' Miscellaneous Poems 
 and Translations, by several hands,' 
 1726. 
 
 Collected Works: in 2 vols., 1775. 
 
 SAVILE (George), Marquis of 
 Halifax, IQZZIQ^^. Born, at Thorn- 
 hiU, Yorkshire, 11 Nov. 1633. Part 
 of his education perhaps conducted 
 abroad. Married (i.) Dorothy Spencer, 
 29 Dec. 1656. M.P. for Pontefract, 
 April 1660. Created Baron Savile of 
 Eland and Viscount Halifax, Jan. 
 1668. Commissioner of Trade, 1669. 
 Wife died, 16 Dec. 1670. Privy 
 Councillor, 1672. Married (ii.) Ger- 
 trude Pierrepoint, Nov. 1672. In 
 great favour at Court, from 1680-83. 
 Created Marquis of Halifax, Aug. 
 1682. Excluded from Privy Council 
 by James II., 1685; afterwards ap- 
 pointed President of Council. Prime 
 Mover in proclamation of William 
 and Mary as King and Queen, 1689. 
 Lord Privy Seal, Eeb. 1689 to Feb. 
 1690. Excluded from Privy Council, 
 1692. Died, in London, 5 April 1695. 
 Buried in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works: 'Letter to a Dissenter' 
 (under initials T. W.), 1687; 'The 
 Character of a Trimmer' (under 
 initials: Sir W. C), 1688; 'The 
 Anatomy of an Equivalent' (anon.), 
 1688 ; ' The Ladies-New-Years-Gift, 
 or Advice to a Daughter' (anon.), 
 1688; 'Historical Observations upon 
 the Reigns of Edwards I., II., III., 
 and Richard III.' (anon.), 1689; 'A 
 Letter from a Nobleman in London ' 
 (anon.), [1689]; 'The Character of 
 the Protestants in Ireland ' (anon. ; 
 attrib. to Halifax), 1689; 'Essay 
 upon Taxes,' 1693 ; 'Maxims,' 1693 ; 
 ' Rough Draught of a New Model at 
 Sea,' 1694 ; ' Institutions, Essays and 
 Maxims ' (anon.), 1695. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Miscellanies by the 
 most noble George Lord Saville,' 
 
SAYCE— SCOTT 
 
 249 
 
 1700 ; • Character of King Charles 
 11.,' 1750; 'Political, Moral, and 
 Miscellaneous Thoughts and Reflec- 
 tions,' 175C 
 
 SAYCE (ArcMbald Henry), b. 1846. 
 Born at Shirehampton, near Bristol, 
 25 Sept. 1846. At Grosvenor Coll., 
 Bath, 1860-64. Matric. Queen's 
 Coll., Oxford, 9 March, 1865; 
 scholar, 1865-69 ; B. A., 1869 ; M.A., 
 
 1871 ; Fellow of Queen's Coll., 
 
 1869 ; Tutor, 1870-79 ; Deputy Prof. 
 of Comparative Philology, 1876-90 ; 
 Hibbert Lecturer, 1887 ; Prof, of 
 Assjnriology, 1891. Ordained Deacon, 
 
 1870 ; Priest, 1871. Mem. of Old 
 Test. Revision Committee, 1874-84. 
 Hon. LL.D., Dublin, 1881 ; Hon. 
 D.D., Edinburgh, 1889. Hon. Mem, 
 of Royal Acad, of Madrid, 1883 ; of 
 Asiatic Soc. of Bengal, 1884 ; of 
 Anthropological Soc. of Washington, 
 1886 ; of Pekin Oriental Soc, 1890 ; 
 of Polynesian Soc, 1891 ; of Royal 
 Irish Academy, 1891 ; of American 
 Oriental Society, 1893 ; of Imperial 
 Archaeological Soc. of Moscow, 1894. 
 
 Works : * An Assyrian Grammar,* 
 
 1872 ; * The Astronomy and Astrology 
 of the Babylonians,' 1874; *The 
 Principles of Comparative Philology,' 
 1874 ; * An Elementary Grammar . . . 
 of the Assyrian Language in the 
 Cuneiform Type ' [1875] ; * A Lecture 
 on the Study of Comparative Phil- 
 ology,' 1876 ; * Lectures upon the 
 Assyrian Syllabary and Grammar,' 
 1877 ; * Babylonian Literature ' 
 [1877] ; * Introduction to the Science 
 ot Language' (2 vols.), 1880; 'The 
 Ancient Hebrew Inscription dis- 
 covered at the Pool of Siloam,' 1881 ; 
 'Dr. Appleton' (with J. H. Apple- 
 ton), 1881 ; 'Fresh Light from the 
 Ancient Monuments,' 1884 ; ' The 
 Witness of Ancient Monuments to 
 the Old Testament Scriptures ' [1884] ; 
 • The Ancient Empires of the East,' 
 1884 ; • Assyria,' 1885 ; ' Introduc- 
 tion to the books of Ezra, Nehemiah, 
 and Esther,' 1885 ; ' Lectures on the 
 Origin and Growth of Religion,' 1887 ; 
 'The Hittites,' 1888 ; 'The Life and 
 Times of Isaiah,' 1889 : * The Races 
 
 of the Old Testament,' 1891 ; * Social 
 Life among the Assyrians and Baby- 
 lonians,' 1893 ; ' The " Higher Criti- 
 cism " and the Verdict of the Monu- 
 ments,' 1894 [1893] ; ' A Primer of 
 Assyriology ' [1894] ; ' The Egypt of 
 the Hebrews and Herodotus,' 1895 ; 
 ' Patriarchal Palestine,' 1895. 
 
 He has edited : G. Smith's ' History 
 of Babylonia,' 1877 ; G. Smith's trans- 
 lation of the ' History of Sennacherib,' 
 1878 ; G. Smith's * Chaldean Account 
 of Genesis,' 1880 ; ' Herodotus,' bks. 
 i.-iii., 1883 ; H. S. Palmer's 'Sinai,' 
 1892; W. S. W. Vaux's 'Persia,' 
 1893 ; Maspero's ' Dawn of Civiliza- 
 tion : Egypt and Chaldea,' 1894 ; 
 Maspero's ' Struggle of the Nations — 
 Egypt, Syria, and Assyria,' 1896. 
 
 SCOTT (Michael), 1789-1835. Born, 
 in Glasgow, 1789. Educated at Glas- 
 gow High School, and at Glasgow 
 Univ. In Jamaica, as Estate Manager, 
 1806-10; in mercantile house, 1810-17. 
 Returned to Scotland, 1817. Mar- 
 ried, 1818. In Jamaica, 1818-22. 
 Returned to Scotland, 1822. Re- 
 mained there till his death. Contrib. 
 to 'Blackwood's Mag.' from 1829. 
 Died, 1835. 
 
 Works : ' Tom Cringle's Log ' 
 (anon.), 1833; 'The Cruise of the 
 Midge ' (anon.), 1834. 
 
 SCOTT {Sir Walter), Bart., 1771- 
 1832. Born, in Edinburgh, 15 Aug. 
 1771. At Edinburgh High School, 
 1778-82 ; at Kelso Grammar School, 
 1782-83. At Edinburgh Univ., Nov. 
 1783 to 1786. Apprenticed to his 
 father (Writer to the Signet), May 
 1786. Began to study for Bar, 1789. 
 Mem. of Speculative Soc, Jan. 1791. 
 Called to Scotch Bar, 11 July 1792. 
 Married Charlotte Margaret Car- 
 penter, 24 Dec. 1797 ; settled in 
 Edinburgh. Removed to Lasswade, 
 1798. First visit to London, 1799. 
 Sheriff of Selkirkshire, 16 Dec. 1799. 
 Contrib. to ' Edinburgh Rev.' from 
 1803. Friendship with Wordsworth 
 begun, 1803. Removed to Ashestiel, 
 near Selkirk, 1804. Partnership in 
 printing lirm of James Ballantyne, 
 
250 
 
 SCOTT 
 
 1805. Clerk of Session, March 1806 
 to Aug. 1830. Sec. to Commission on 
 Scotch Jurisprudence, 1807. Pro- 
 moter of 'Quarterly Review,' first 
 pubd. 1809. Started 'Edinburgh 
 Annual Register,' 1810. Purchased 
 Abbotsford, 1811 ; removed thither, 
 May 1812. Refused Laureateship, 
 Sep. 1813. Freedom of City of Edin- 
 burgh, 1813. Visit to Continent, 1816. 
 Mem. of Scotch Regalia Commission, 
 1818. Created Baronet, 30 March 
 1820. Degrees of Hon. D.C.L., 
 Oxford, and Hon. LL.D., Camb., 
 offered him. May 1820 ; but he was 
 prevented on this and other occasions 
 from attending to receive them. 
 Pres. of Royal Soc. of Edinburgh, 
 Nov. 1820. Founder and Pres. of 
 Bannatyne Club, 1823 ; Mem. of 
 Roxburghe Club, 1823. Visit to Ire- 
 land, 1825. Bankrupt through failure 
 of firm of Ballantyne and Co., 1826. 
 Wife died, 15 May, 1826. To Italy, 
 for health, 1831. Returned to Abbots- 
 ford, July 1832. Died there, 21 Sept. 
 1832. Buried at Dryburgh Abbey. 
 
 Woris : * The Eve of Saint John,' 
 1800 ; ♦ The Lay of the Last Minstrel,' 
 
 1805 ; 'Ballads and Lyrical Pieces,' 
 
 1806 (2nd edn. same year) ; * Mar- 
 mion,' 1808 ; 'Life of Dryden ' (from 
 his edn. of Dryden's Works), 1808 ; 
 'The Lady of the Lake,' 1810 ; ' The 
 Vision of Don Roderick,' 1811 ; 
 *Glenfinlas,' 1812 ; ' Rokeby,' 1813 ; 
 •The Bridal of Triermain' (anon.), 
 1813 (2nd edn. same year) ;'Waverley' 
 (anon.), 1814; 'The Border Antiqui- 
 ties of England and Scotland' (2 vols.), 
 1814-17 ; ♦ The Lord of the Isles,' 
 1815; 'Guy Mannering' (anon.), 
 1815; 'The Field of Waterloo,' 
 1815 ; 'Paul's Letters to his Kinsfolk' 
 (anon.), 181 6;; 'The Antiquary '(anon.), 
 1816; 'Tales of my Landlord' 
 (under pseud. : ' Jedediah Cleisbot- 
 ham '), 1st series (' The Black Dwarf,' 
 ' Old Mortality '), 1816 ; 2nd ser. 
 ('The Heart of Midlothian'), 1818; 
 3rd ser. ('The Bride of Lammermoor'; 
 'The Legend of Montrose'), 1819; 
 4th ser. (' Count Robert of Paris,' 
 * Castle Dangerous '), 1832; 'Harold 
 the Dauntless' (anon.), 1817; 'Rob 
 
 Roy ' (anon.), 1818 ; ' The Visionary ' 
 (under pseud. : ' Sonambulus '), 1819 ; 
 'Novels and Tales of the author of 
 "Waverley"' (41 vols.), 1819-33; 
 * Description of the Regalia of Scot- 
 land' (anon.), 1819 ; 'Ivanhoe' (anon.), 
 1819; ' ]\rr>n,<. rials of the Haliburtons,' 
 1820; 'ill^scellaneous Poems,' 1820; 
 ' The Monastery ' (anon.), 1820 ; 
 'Poetical Works' (12 vols.), 1820; 
 'The Abbot' (anon.), 1820; 'Kenil- 
 worth' (anon.), 1821; 'The Pirate' 
 (anon.), 1821 ; 'Poetical Works' (11 
 vols.), 1821-30; 'Halidon HiU,' 
 1822; 'The Fortunes of Nigel' 
 (anon), 1822 ; • Peveril of the Peak ' 
 (anon.), 1822 ; ' Quentin Durward ' 
 (anon.), 1823 ; ' A Bannatyne Gar- 
 land ' (anon.) [1823 ?] ; ' St. Ronan'a 
 Well ' (anon.), 1824 ; ' Redgauntlet ' 
 (anon.), 1824; 'Tales of the Cru- 
 saders ' (anon. ; ' The Betrothed,' 
 ' The Talisman '), 1825 ; * Provincial 
 Antiquities and Picturesque Scenery 
 of Scotland,' 1826; 'Letter to the 
 Editor of the "Edinburgh Weekly 
 Journal " ' (anon.), 1826 ; 'A Second 
 Letter' [to the same] (anon.), 1826 ; 
 'A Third Letter' [to the same] 
 (anon.), 1826; 'Thoughts on the 
 proposed change of Currency ' (under 
 pseud. 'Malachi Malagrowther'), 
 1826; 'Woodstock' (anon.), 1826; 
 'Life of Napoleon Buonaparte' (anon.), 
 1827 ; ' Chronicles of the Canongate' 
 (' Highland Widow,' ' The Two 
 Drovers,' 'The Surgeon's Daughter ;' 
 2 vols.), 1827; 2nd ser. ('Saint 
 Valentine's Day ; or, the Fair Maid 
 of Perth'), 1828; 'Miscellaneous 
 Prose Works '(6 vols.), 1827; 'Tales 
 of a Grandfather,' 1st series, 1828; 
 2nd ser., 1829 ; 3rd ser., 1830 ; 4th 
 ser., 1831 ; 'Religious Discourses' 
 (anon), 1828; 'Anne of Geierstein' 
 (anon.), 1829 ; ' The Doom of Devor- 
 goil,' 1830; 'Poetical Works' (11 
 vols.), 1830; 'Lectures on Demon- 
 ology,' 1830 ; ' The History of Scot- 
 land ' (2 vols.), 1830. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Letters to R. Pol- 
 whele, etc.,' 1832 ; ' Essays on 
 Chivalry, Romance and the Drama * 
 [1888]; 'Journal,' 1890; 'Familiar 
 Letters,' 1894 [1893]. 
 
SEDLEY -SEELEY 
 
 261 
 
 He translated : Burger's ' The 
 Chase,' and 'William and Helen,' 
 1796 ; Goethe's * Goetz von Ber- 
 lichingen,' 1799; 'Memoirs of the 
 Marchioness de la Rochejaquelin,' 
 1827 ; and edited : ' Minstrelsy of the 
 Scottish Border' (3 vols.), 1802-03; 
 Thomas of Ercildoune's 'Sir Tristrem,' 
 1804; Sir H. Slingsby's 'Original 
 Memoirs written during the Great 
 Civil War,' 1806 ; ' Memoirs of Cap- 
 tain George Carleton,' 1808 ; ' Dry. 
 den's Works,' 1808 ; Robert Carey's 
 
 • Memoirs,' 1808 ; J. Strutt's * Queen- 
 hoo Hall,' 1808; Sir R. Sadler's 
 'State Papers and Letters,' 1809; 
 Lord Somers' 'Collection of Scarce 
 and Valuable Tracts,' 1809-15 ; A. 
 Seward's 'Poetical Works,' 1810; 
 •English Minstrelsy,' 1810; 'Secret 
 History of the Court of James the 
 First, 1811 ; Sir P. Warwick's 'Me- 
 moirs of the Reign of King Charles 
 L,' 1813; Swift's * Works,' 1814; 
 S. Rowland's 'The Letting of Hu- 
 morous Blood,' 1814 ; Lord Somer- 
 ville's 'Memorie of the Somervilles,' 
 1815 ; P. Carey's 'Trivial Poems and 
 Triolets,' 1820; 'The Novelists' 
 Library,' 1821 - 24 ; R. Franck's 
 
 • Northern Memoirs,' 1821 ; Lord 
 Fountainhall's 'Chronological Notes 
 of Scottish Affairs,' 1822 ; J. Gwynne's 
 ' Military Memoirs of the Great Civil 
 War,' 1822; 'The Bannatyne Mis- 
 cellany,' 1827; 'Proceedings in the 
 Court Martial held upon John, Master 
 of Sinclair,' 1828; 'Memorials of 
 George Bannatyne,' 1829 ; 'Trial of 
 Duncan Terig,' 1832. 
 
 Collected Works : ' Miscellaneous 
 Prose Works' (30 vols.), 1834-71; 
 
 • Poetical Works ' (12 vols.), 1833-34. 
 
 Life : by J. G. Lockhart (7 vols. ), 
 1837-38. 
 
 SEDLEY {Sir Charles), Bart. 
 1639-1701. Born, at Aylesford, Kent, 
 1639. Matric, Wadham CoU., Ox- 
 ford, 22 March 1656. Succeeded to 
 Baronetcy, 1656. M.P. for New 
 Romney, 1668-81, 1690-95, 1696-1701. 
 Married. Died, 20 Aug. 1701. 
 
 Works : ' The Earle of Pembroke's 
 Speech in the House of Peeres ' 
 
 (anon.), 1648; 'The Last Will and 
 Testament of the Earl of Pembroke ' 
 [1650]; 'The Mulberry Garden,' 
 1668 ; 'Antony and Cleopatra,' 1677 ; 
 'Bellamira,' 1687. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Beauty the Con- 
 queror,' 1702 ; ♦ The Grumbler ' 
 (anon.), 1702; 'The Tyrant King of 
 Crete,' 1702; 'The Happy Pair,' 
 1702. 
 
 Collected Works: 1707. 
 
 SEELEY {Sir John Eohert), 1834- 
 1896. Born, in London, 10 Sept. 1834. 
 Early education at a school at Stanmore, 
 and at Cityof London School. Matric., 
 Christ's Coll., Camb., as Scholar, 
 1852 ; B.A., 1857 ; M.A., 1860. 
 Fellow of Christ's Coll., July 1858 to 
 1869. Assistant Master, City of 
 London School, 1860 63. Prof, of 
 Latin, University Coll., London, 1863- 
 69. Prof, of Modem Hist., Camb., 
 Oct. 1869. Married Mary Agnes 
 Phillott, 1869. Professorial Fellow, 
 Caius Coll., Camb., Oct 1882. 
 K.O.M.G., 1894. Died, at Cam- 
 bridge, 13 Jan. 1895. 
 
 Works: 'Three Essays on . . . 
 King Lear' (by Seeley, W. Young, 
 and E. A. Hart), 1851 ; . ' David 
 and Samuel ' (under pseud. * John 
 Robertson '), 1859 ; ' The Greatest of 
 all the Planlagenets ' (anon.), 1860 
 (new edn., called : ' The Life and 
 Reign of Edward L,' 1872) ; ' Classical 
 Studies as an introduction to the 
 Moral Sciences,' 1864 [1863]; 'Ecce 
 Homo' (anon.), 1866 (5th edn. same 
 year) ; ' An English Primer ' (with 
 E. A. Abbott), 1869; 'Roman Im- 
 perialism,' 1869;' 'Lectures and 
 Essays,' 1870 ; ' English Lessons for 
 English People ' (with E. A. Abbott), 
 1871; 'Life and Times of Stein,' 
 (3 vols.), 1878 ; * Natural Religion,' 
 1882 (anon. ; 2nd edn. same year) ; 
 'The Expansion of England,' 1883 ; 
 ' Short History of Napoleon the First,' 
 1886 ; ' Greater Greece and Greater 
 Britain,' 1887 ; * Goethe : reviewed 
 after sixty years,' 1894. 
 
 Posthumous : * The Growth of 
 British Policy,' ed. by G. W. Pro- 
 thero (2 vols. ), 1895 ; ' Introduction to 
 
252 
 
 SELDEN- SHAD WELL 
 
 Political Science,' ed. by H. Sidgwick, 
 1896. 
 
 He edited : ' The Student's Guide 
 to the University of Cambridge,' 1863 ; 
 Livy, bk. i., 1871. 
 
 SELDEN (John), 1584-1654. Born, 
 at Salvington, Sussex, 16 Dec. 1584. 
 Early education at Chichester Free 
 School. Matric, Hart Hall, Oxford, 
 24 Oct. 1600. Took no degree. Stu- 
 dent of Clifford's Inn, 1602 ; removed 
 to Inner Temple, May 1604 ; called to 
 Bar, 14 June 1612. Imprisoned for 
 five weeks on political charge, 1621. 
 M.P. for Borough of Lancaster, 1623 ; 
 for Great Bed win, 1626 ; for Ludgers- 
 hall, 1628-29. Imprisoned on political 
 charge, June 1629 to May 1631. 
 Bencher of Inn er Temple. 1633. M. P. 
 for Oxford University, 1640-53. Lay 
 Member of Assembly of Divines, 
 1643. Keeper of Rolls and Records 
 in the Tower, 1643. Commissioner of 
 Admiralty, 1645. Grant of £5,000 
 from Parliament, 1646. Latter years 
 of life spent at White Fryers, as 
 manager of estates of Countess Dowa- 
 ger of Kent, whom he is said to have 
 married. Died there, 30 Nov. 1654. 
 Buried in Temple Church. 
 
 Works : ' Jani Anglorum Facies 
 Altera,' 1610 ; * England's Epinomis,' 
 1610; 'The Duello' (anon.), 1610; 
 ' Titles of Honour,' 1614 ; ' Analecton,' 
 1615; 'De Dis Syris,' 1617; *His- 
 torie of Tithes,' 1618; 'Marmora 
 Arundelliana,' 1628 ; ' De Successioni- 
 bus,' 1631; 'Antiduello' (anon.), 
 1632; 'Mare Clausum,' 1635; 'De 
 Successione in Pontificatum,' 1638 ; 
 'De Jure Naturali,' 1640; 'Judica- 
 ture in Parliament,' 1640 ; 'A Brief 
 Discourse concerning the Powers of 
 Peers and Commons ' (anon. ; attrib. 
 to Selden), 1640; 'Privileges of 
 Baronage,' 1642; 'De Anno Civili,' 
 1644 ; • Uxor Ebraica,' 1646 ; ' De 
 Synedriis,' 1650-55 ; ' Metamorphosis 
 Anglorum ' (anon. ; attrib. to Selden), 
 1653 ; ' Decem Scriptores,' 1653 ; 
 'Vindiciffi,' 1653. 
 
 Posthumous : ' On the Nativity of 
 Christ,' 1661 ; 'Of the Office of Lord 
 
 Chancellor' (ed. by W. Dugdale),1671 J 
 ' Table Talk,' 1689. 
 
 He edited: Eadmer's 'Historiae,' 
 1623 ; Eutychius's * Ecclesiae Origines,' 
 1642. 
 
 Collected Worlcs: ed. by D. Wilkins 
 (3 vols.), 1725. 
 
 SHADWELL (Thomas), 1640-1692. 
 Born, at Broomhill House, Norfolk, 
 1640. At school at Bury St. Edmunds, 
 1645-46. Matric, Caius Coll., Cam- 
 bridge, as Pensioner, 17 Dec. 1656 ; 
 took no degree. Studied Law at 
 Middle Temple. First play, 'The 
 Sullen Lovers,' produced at Lincoln's 
 Inn Fields, 5 May 1668. Devoted 
 himself mainly to drama, 1668-82. 
 Poet-Laureate and Historiographer 
 Royal, 1688. Died suddenly, in London, 
 19 Nov. 1692. 
 
 Worlcs : ' The Sullen Lovers,' 1668 ; 
 ' The Royal Shepherdess,' 1669 ; * The 
 Humourists,' 1671 ; 'The Miser,' 1672 ; 
 ' Epsom Wells,' 1673 ; ' Notes and 
 Observations on the Empress of 
 Morocco ' (anon. ; with Dryden and 
 John Crown), 1674 ; 'Psyche,' 1675 ; 
 ' T1m> Ubertine,' 1676 ; 'The Virtuoso,' 
 1676; 'The History of Timon of 
 Athens,' 1678; 'A True Widow,' 
 1679 ; 'The Woman-Captain,' 1680 ; 
 ' The Medal of John Bayes' (anon.), 
 1682; 'Satyr to his Muse' (anon.; 
 attrib. to Shadwell), 1682 ; ' The Lan- 
 cashire Witches, and Teague O'Divelly,' 
 1682 ; ' A Lenten Prologue ' [1683 ?] ; 
 * The Squire of Alsatia,' 1688 ; ' Bury 
 Fair,' 1689 ; ' A Congratulatory Poem 
 on his Highness the Prince of Orange ' 
 (under initials: T. S.), 1689; 'A 
 Congratulatory Poem to . . . Queen 
 Mary,' 1689 ; ' The Amorous Bigotte,' 
 1690 ; ' Ode on the Anniversary of the 
 King's Birth,' 1690; 'Ode to the 
 King on his Return from Ireland,' 
 [1690]; 'The Scowrers,'1691 ; 'Votum 
 Perenne,' 1692, 
 
 Posthumous : 'The Volunteers,' 
 1693. 
 
 He translated : Juvenal's Tenth 
 Satire, 1687. 
 
 Collected Works : 'Dramatic Works ' 
 (4 vols.), 1720. 
 
SHAFTESBURY— SHAKESPEARE 
 
 253 
 
 SHAFTESBURY, Anthony Ashley 
 Cooper, 3rd Earl of, 1671 - 1713. 
 Born, in London, 26 Feb. 1671. Early 
 education under tutorship of John 
 Locke [5'.v.]. At a private school, 
 1682-83 ; at Winchester, Nov. 1683 to 
 1686. Travelled on Continent, 1686- 
 89. M.P. for Poole, May 1695 ; re- 
 elected, Nov. 1695. Retired from 
 Parliament, owing to ill-health, July 
 1698. Visit to Holland, 1698-99. 
 Succeeded to Earldom, on death of 
 his father, 10 Nov. 1699. Took his 
 seat in House of Lords, 19 Jan. 1700. 
 In Holland, Aug. 1703 to Aug. 1704. 
 Married Jane Ewer, Aug. 1709. To 
 Italy, for health, autumn of 1711. 
 Died, in Naples, 16 Feb. 1713. Buried 
 at St. Giles's. 
 
 Works: 'An Inquiry concerning 
 Virtue ' (anon.), 1699 ; * A Letter con- 
 cerning Enthusiasm' (anon.), 1708; 
 'Sensus Communis' (anon.), 1709; 
 
 * The Moralists ' (anon.), 1709 ; 
 
 * Soliloquy, or Advice to an Author ' 
 (anon.), 1710 ; * Characteristics of 
 Men, Manners, Opinions, Times ' (3 
 vols.), 1711 ; * A Notion of the His- 
 torical Draught ... of the Judgment 
 of Hercules' (anon.), 1713; 'Several 
 Letters written by a Noble Lord to a 
 Young Man at the University' (anon.), 
 1716. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Letters ... to R. 
 Molesworth,'1721 ; 'Letters, collected,' 
 1746 ; * Original Letters by Locke, 
 Sidney, and Shaftesbury,' ed. by T. 
 Foster, enlarged edn. 1847. 
 
 He edited : B. Whichcot's ' Select 
 Sermons,' 1689. 
 
 SHAIRP (John Campbell), 1819- 
 1885. Born, at Houstoun, Linlith- 
 gowshire, 30 July 1819. Early edu- 
 cation at Houston. At Edinburgh 
 Academy, Oct. 1829 to 1834. At 
 Glasgow Univ., autumn of 1836 to 
 
 1839 ; Snell Exhibitioner, April 1840. 
 Matric, Balliol Coll., Oxford, 3 June 
 
 1840 ; Newdigate Prize Poem, 1842 ; 
 B.A., 1844 ; M.A., 1877. Assistant 
 Master at Rugby, 1846-57. Married 
 Eliza Douglas, 23 June 1853. Assis- 
 tant to Prof, of Latin at St. Andrews 
 Univ., Oct. 1857 ; Professor, 1861-72. 
 
 Contrib. to * Good Words,' and ' North 
 British Review.' Principal of United 
 Coll. of St. Salvator and St. Leonard, 
 1868-85. Pres. of Educational Insti- 
 tute of Scotland. Prof, of Poetrv, 
 Oxford, June 1877 to 1885. Died, 
 at Ormsary, Argyll, 18 Sept. 1885. 
 Buried in Houstoun Church. 
 
 Works : ♦ Charles the Twelfth,' 1842 ; 
 'The Wants of the Scottish Uni- 
 versities,' 1856 ; * The Uses of the 
 Study of Latin Literature,' 1858 ; 
 'Kilmahoe,' 1864; 'John Keble,' 
 1866 ; ' Studies in Poetry and Philo- 
 sophy,' 1868 ; ' Culture and Religion,' 
 1870 ; ' Life and Letters of J. D. 
 Forbes ' (with P. G. Tait and A. A. 
 Reilly), 1873; 'Address' [on Mis- 
 sions], 1874 ; ' On Poetic Interpreta- 
 tion of Nature,' 1877 (2nd edn. same 
 year) ; ' Robert Burns,' 1879 ; * As- 
 pects of Poetry,' 1881. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Sketches in History 
 and Poetry,' ed. by G. J. Veitch, 
 1887 ; * Glen Desseray, and other 
 Poems,' ed. by F. T. Palgrave, 1888 ; 
 ' Portraits of Friends,' 1889. 
 
 He edited : Dorothy Wordsworth's 
 'Recollections of a Tour Made in 
 Scotland,' 1874. 
 
 Life : by Prof. W. Knight, 1888. 
 
 SHAKESPEARE (William), 1564- 
 1616. Bom, at Stratford-on-Avon, 
 
 22 or 23 April 1564. Educated at 
 Stratford Grammar School, 1571-77[?]. 
 Perhaps apprenticed to his father (a 
 butcher), 1677. Married Ann Hatha- 
 way, 1582. To London, 1586 ; acted, 
 and wrote for stage. Plays probably 
 written between 1591 and 1611. 
 Bought New Place, Stratford, May 
 1597. Bought a house in Blackfriars, 
 1613. Died, at Stratford-on-Avon, 
 
 23 April 1616. Buried in Stratford 
 Church. 
 
 Works : The following are known to 
 have been printed in Shakespeare's 
 lifetime : * Venus and Adonis,' 1593 ; 
 ' Lucrece,' 1594 ; ' Richard IIL,' 1597 ; 
 'Richard II.,' 1597; 'Romeo and 
 Juliet,' 1597; 'Henry IV., Pt. L,' 
 1598 ; 'Love's Labour's Lost,' 1598 ; 
 'Henry v., '1600 ; 'Midsummer Night's 
 Dream,' 1600 ; 'Merchant of Venice,' 
 
254 
 
 SHARP— SHELLEY 
 
 1600; 'HenryIV.,Pt.IL,'1600j 'Much 
 Ado about Nothing,' 1600; 'Titus 
 Andronicus,' 1600 ; 'Merry Wives of 
 Windsor,' 1602; 'Hamlet,' 1603; 
 * King Lear,' 1608 ; * Sonnets,' 1609 ; 
 ' Troilus and Oressida,' 1609. 
 
 His 'Comedies, Histories, and 
 Tragedies,' ed. by J. Heminge and 
 H. Condell, were first published in 
 1623 ; his ' Works,' ed. by N. Rowe 
 (7 vols.), 1709-10. 
 
 SHARP (William), b. 1866. Born, 
 at Garthland Place, Paisley, 12 Sept. 
 1856. Educated at Blair Lodge, 
 Glasgow Academy, and Glasgow Univ. 
 B.Sc, Glasgow, 1871. Early youth 
 spent in West of Scotland. Travelled 
 in Australia, 1877-78. In Scotland, 
 1877-78. Held Secretarial post in a 
 Bank in London, autumn 1878 to 1881. 
 During that time contrib. to 'Pall 
 Mall Gazette,' ' Examiner,' etc. Has 
 devoted himself to literature since 
 1881. Art Critic to ' Glasgow Herald ' 
 since 1885. Married Elizabeth Amelia 
 Sharp, 31 Oct. 1884. Visits to America, 
 1892, 1894, 1897. Frequent contri- 
 butor to periodicals. 
 
 Works : ' The Human Inheritance,' 
 1882 ; • Dante Gabriel Rossetti,' 1882; 
 'Earth's Voices,' 1884; 'Life of 
 Shelley,' 1887 ; ' The Sport of Chance,' 
 
 1888 [1887]; 'Romantic Ballads,' 
 
 1889 (priv. ptd., 1888); 'Life of 
 Heine,' 1888 ; 'Children of To-Mor- 
 row,' 1889 ; 'Life of Robert Browning,' 
 
 1890 ; ' Sospiri di Roma ' (priv. ptd.), 
 
 1891 ; ' Flower o' the Vine : Romantic 
 Ballads and Sospiri di Roma ' (New 
 York), 1892; 'Life and Letters of 
 Joseph Severn,' 1892 ; * A Fellowe 
 and his Wife' (with Blanche Willis 
 Howard), 1892 ; ' Vistas,' 1894 (en- 
 larged American edition, 1895) ; 'Fair 
 Women in Painting and Poetry,' 
 1894 ; ♦ The Gipsy Christ, and other 
 tales,' 1895; 'Ecce PueUa,' 1896; 
 • Madge o' the Pool,' 1896 ; ' Wives in 
 Exile ' (Boston), 1896. 
 
 He has edited : ' Canterbury Poets ' 
 series, since 1885 ; Shakespeare's 
 ' Songs, Poems, and Sonnets,' 1885 ; 
 Scott's Poems, 1885-86 ; De Quincey's 
 'Confessions of an Opium-Eater,' 
 
 1886 ; • Great English Painters,' 1886 ; 
 ' Sonnets of this Century,' 1886 ; P. 
 B. Marston's * For a Song's Sake * 
 [1887], and 'Song-Tide,' 1888 ; 'Ameri- 
 can Sonnets,' 1889 ; ' Great Odes ' 
 [1890] ; translation of Sainte-Beuve's 
 * Essays on Men and Women,' 1890 ; 
 'Ossian,' 1896; 'Selected Poems of 
 Matthew Arnold,' 1896; 'Mrs. 
 William Sharp's 'Lyra Celtica,' 1896. 
 
 SHELLEY {Mrs. Mary WoUstone- 
 craft), 1797-1851. [Daughter of 
 William Godwin, q.v.] Born, in 
 London, 30 Aug. 1797. Met Shelley, 
 1814. Eloped to Continent with him, 
 28 July 1814 ; returned, Sept. 1814. 
 Married to Shelley, after his wife's 
 suicide, 30 Dec. 1816. Lived at Mar- 
 low, 1817-18. To Italy, on account 
 of Shelley's health, March 1818 ; he 
 was drowned there, 8 July 1822. She 
 returned to London, 1823 ; devoted 
 herself to literature. Travelled on 
 Continent, 1840, 1842-43. Died, in 
 London, 21 Feb. 1851. Buried in 
 Bournemouth Churchyard. 
 
 Works : ' History of a Six Weeks' 
 Tour through a Part of France, etc.* 
 (with her husband ; anon.), 1817 ; 
 'Frankenstein' (anon.), 1818; 'Val- 
 perga' (anon.), 1823; 'The Last 
 Man ' (anon. ), 1826 ; ' The Fortunes of 
 Perkin Warbeck' (anon.), 1830; 
 •Lodore' (anon.), 1835; 'Falkner' 
 (anon.), 1837; 'Lives of the most 
 Eminent, Literary, and Scientific Men 
 of France ' (anon. ; 2 vols.), 1838-39 ; 
 ' Rambles in Germany and Italy ' (2 
 vols.), 1844. 
 
 Posthumous: 'The Choice,' ed. by 
 H. B. Forman (priv. ptd. ), 1876. 
 
 She edited : Shelley's ' Posthumous 
 Poems' [1824]; 'Poetical Works,' 
 1839 ; 'Essays, etc.,' 1840. 
 
 Collected Works: 'Tales and Stories,' 
 ed. by R. Garnett, 1891. 
 
 Life : ' Life and Letters,' by F. A. 
 Marshall, 1889. 
 
 SHELLEY (Percy Bysshe), 1792- 
 1822. Born, at Field Place, near 
 Horsham, Sussex, 4 Aug. 1792. Edu- 
 cated privately, 1798-1802 ; at a school 
 at Brentford, 1802-04 ; at Eton, July 
 1804 to 1809. Wrote poetry while at 
 
SHENSTONE-SHERIDAN 
 
 256 
 
 Eton. Matric, University Coll., Ox- 
 ford, 10 April 1810. Expelled (with 
 Hogg) from Oxford for publication of 
 ' The Necessity of Atheism,' 25 March 
 1811. Married (i.) Harriet Westbrook, 
 28 Aug. 1811. Lived for a few weeks 
 with Hogg in Edinburgh ; thence to 
 Keswick, Nov. 1811. Friendship 
 formed there with Southey. Friend- 
 Bhip with Godwin begun, Jan. 1812. 
 In Dublin, spring of 1812 ; at Lyn- 
 mouth, June to Sept. 1812 ; in Car- 
 narvonshire, Sept. 1812 to Feb. 1813; 
 in Ireland, Feb. to April 1813 ; to 
 London, April 1813. Removed to 
 Bracknell, July 1813 ; in Edinburgh, 
 winter 1813-14 ; returned to Brack- 
 nell, spring of 1814. On account of 
 his having been married in Scotland 
 as a minor, he remarried his wife in 
 London, 24 March 1814. Estrange- 
 ment from his wife, and meeting with 
 Mary Godwin, 1814. To Continent 
 with Mary Godwin, 28 July 1814 ; re- 
 turned with her to England, Sept. 
 1814. Friendship with Byron begun, 
 1816. At Geneva with him, summer 
 of 1816. Mrs, Sb.elley committed sui- 
 cide, Dec. 1816. He married (ii. ) Mary 
 Godwin, 30 Dec. 1816 ; settled with 
 her at Marlow, spring of 1817. Friend- 
 ship with Keats begun, 1817. Re- 
 moved to Italy, March 1818, Drowned, 
 8 July 1822. His body cremated on 
 the shore near Via Reggio, 16 Aug, 
 1822. His ashes buried in old Protes- 
 tant Cemetery, Rome, Dec. 1822. 
 
 Works : * Zastrozzi ' (under initials : 
 P. B. S.), 1810 ; • Original Poetry : 
 by Victor and Cazire ' (no copy known), 
 1810; 'Posthumous Fragments of 
 Margaret Nicholson,' 1810 (priv. ptd,, 
 ed. by H. B. Forman, 1877); 'St. 
 Irvyne' (anon.), 1811; 'Poetical 
 Essay on the Existing State of Things,' 
 
 1811 ; 'The Necessity of Atheism,' 
 1811; 'An Address to the Irish 
 People,' 1812; ' Proposals for an Asso- 
 ciation,' 1812; 'Declaration of Rights,' 
 
 1812 ; ' Letters to Lord Ellenborough ' 
 [1812] ; • The Devil's Walk,' 1812 ; 
 
 ♦ Queen Mab,' 1813 ; 'A Vindication 
 of Natural Diet' (anon.), 1813; 'A 
 Refutation of Deism' (anon.), 1814 ; 
 
 ♦ Alastor,' 1816 ; 'Proposal for putting 
 
 Reform to the Vote ' (anon.), 1817 , 
 ' History of a Six Weeks' Tour through 
 a Part of France ' (with his wife ; 
 anon.), 1817 ; ' Laon and Cythna,' 
 1818 [1817] (recalled; and reissued 
 as ' The Revolt of Islam,' 1817) ; ' Ad- 
 dress to the People on the Death of 
 Princess Charlotte ' [1818] ; ' Rosalind 
 and Helen,' 1819 ; ' The Cenci,' 1819 ; 
 ' Prometheus Unbound,' 1820 ; * (Edi- 
 pus Tyrannus ' (anon.), 1820 ; ' Epip- 
 svchidion ' (anon,), 1821; ' Adonais,' 
 1821; 'Hellas,' 1822. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Posthumous Poems,' 
 ed. by Mrs. Shelley [1824]; 'The 
 Masque of Anarchy,' ed. by Leigh 
 Hunt, 1832; 'The Shelley Papers' 
 (from * Athenaeum ') 1833 ; ' Essays, 
 etc.,' ed. by Mrs. Shelley, 1840 ; * The 
 Daemon of the World,' ed. by H. B. 
 Forman (priv. ptd.), 1876 ; 'Notes on 
 Sculptures in Rome and Florence ' 
 (ed. by H. B. Forman; priv. ptd.), 
 1879. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by H. Buxton 
 Forman (8 vols.), 1880 [1876-80]. 
 
 Life : by Prof. Dowden, 1886. 
 
 SHENSTONE (William), 1714-1763. 
 Bom, at Leasowes, Hales Owen, 
 Shropshire, 18 Nov. 1714. Early 
 education at schools there ; and at 
 Solihul, near Birmingham. Matric, 
 Pembroke Coll., Oxford, 25 May 1732. 
 Took no degree. Unmarried. Lived 
 retired life at Leasowes. Died there, 
 11 Feb. 1763. Buried in Hales Owen 
 Churchyard. 
 
 Works : ' Poems upon Various 
 Occasions' (anon. ; priv. ptd.), 1737 ; 
 * The Judgment of Hercules ' (anon, ), 
 1741 ; 'The School-Mistress' (anon.), 
 1742. 
 
 Collected Works : ' Works in Prose 
 and Verse' (3 vols.), 1764-69. 
 
 SHERIDAN (Richard Brinsley), 
 1751-1816. Born, in Dublin, 30 Oct. 
 1751. Parents removed to London, 
 1758. Educated at Harrow, 1762-68. 
 Parents removed to Bath, 1771. 
 Eloped with Elizabeth Linley, 1772 ; 
 secretly married to her at Calais. 
 Formally married, in London, 13 
 April 1773. Settled in London, 
 spring of 1774, 'The Rivals' pro- 
 
256 
 
 SHIRLEY 
 
 duced at Covent Garden, 17 Jan. 
 1775 ; ' St. Patrick's Day ; or, The 
 Scheming Lieutenant,' Covent Gar- 
 den, May 1775 ; ' The Duenna,' 
 Covent Garden, 21 Nov. 1775. Pur- 
 chased a share in Drury Lane Theatre, 
 June 1776 ; Manager, Sept. 1776 to 
 Feb. 1809. ' A Trip to Scarborough ' 
 (adapted from Vanbrugh's 'The Re- 
 lapse ') produced at Drury Lane, 24 
 Feb. 1777 ; * The School for Scandal,' 
 Drury Lane, 8 May 1777 ; ' The 
 Critic,' Drury Lane, 30 Oct. 1779. 
 M.P. for Stafford, 1780. Under- 
 Secretary of State, 1782. Concerned 
 in impeachment of Warren Hastings, 
 1787-88. Intimacy with Prince of 
 Wales begun, 1787. Wife died, 1792. 
 Drury Lane Theatre rebuilt, 1792-94 ; 
 new house opened, 21 April 1794. 
 Married (ii.) Esther Ogle, 27 April 
 1795. * Pizarro ' (adapted from 
 Kotzebue's ' Spaniards in Peru') pro- 
 duced at Drury Lane, 24 May 1799. 
 Privy Councillor and Treasurer of 
 Navy, 1799. Receiver of Duchy of 
 Cornwall, 1804. Drury Lane Theatre 
 burnt down, 24 Beb. 1809. Died, in 
 London, 7 July 1816. Buried in 
 Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works : ' Clio's Protest ' (under 
 pseud.: ' Asmodeo ') [1771]; 'The 
 Rivals,' 1775; 'St. Patrick's Day; 
 or, The Scheming Lieutenant,' 1775 ; 
 ' The General Fast ' (anon.) [1775 ?] ; 
 'The Duenna,' 1775; 'A Trip to 
 Scarborough,' 1777; 'The School for 
 Scandal' (anon.), 1777; 'Verses to 
 the Memory of Garrick,' 1779 ; 'The 
 Critic,' 1781 ; * The Legislative Inde- 
 pendence of Ireland ' (a speech), 1785; 
 • Speech . . , against Warren Hast- 
 ings,' 1788; 'A Comparative State- 
 ment of the two Bills for the better 
 Government of the British Possessions 
 in India,' 1788 ; 'Dramatic Works ' 
 [1795?]; 'Pizarro,' 1799; 'Speech 
 ... on the Motion to address His 
 Majesty' [1798]; 'Speech ... on 
 the Union with Ireland,' 1799 ; 
 ' Speech ... on the Army Estimates,' 
 1802. 
 
 Posthumous : 'Speeches ' (5 vols.), 
 1816 ; 'An Ode to Scandal,' 2nd edn. 
 1819 ; ' Speeches in the Trial of 
 
 Warren Hastings,' ed. by E. A. Bond 
 (4 vols.), 1859-61. 
 
 He translated : ' The Love Epistles 
 of Aristaenetus ' (with N. B. Halhed), 
 1771. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by F. Stain- 
 forth, 1874. 
 
 Life : by T. Moore, 1825 ; by Mrs. 
 Oliphant 1883; by W. F. Rae, 
 1896. 
 
 SHIELEY, pseud. See Skelton 
 {Sir J.). 
 
 SHIBLET (James), 1596 - 1666. 
 Born, in London, 18 Sept. 1696. At 
 Merchant Taylors' School, Oct. 1608 
 to June 1612. Matric, St. John's 
 Coll., Oxford, 1612. Removed to 
 Catherine Hall, Cambridge. B.A., 
 1617. Ordained Curate of parish 
 near St. Albans. Resigned Curacy 
 on becoming a Roman Catholic. Kept 
 a Grammar school at St. Albans, 
 1623-24. This failing, he removed 
 to London ; devoted himself to litera- 
 ture. Mem. of Gray's Inn, 1634. 
 Wrote many plays till 1640. Valet 
 of Chamber to Queen Henrietta 
 Maria. Kept a school in Whife 
 Friars, 1640-46. Resumed career of 
 dramatist, 1646. Died, in London, 
 Oct. 1666. Buried in church of St. 
 Giles'-in-the-Fields, 29 Oct. 
 
 Works: 'Eccho ' (no copy known), 
 1618 (another edn., called : ' Nar- 
 cissus, or the Self-Lover,' 1646) ; ' The 
 Wedding,' 1629; 'The Grateful Ser- 
 vant,' 1630 ; ' The School of Comple- 
 ment ' (also known as * Love Tricks '), 
 1631 ; ' Changes,' 1632 ; 'The Wittie 
 Fair One,' 1633 ; 'A Contention for 
 Honour and Riches,' 1633 ; • The 
 Bird in a Cage,' 1633 ; 'The Triumph 
 of Peace,' 1633 ; ' The Traytor,' 1635; 
 ' Hide Park,' 1637 ; ' The Young 
 Admirall,' 1637; 'The Gamester,' 
 1637; 'The Example,' 1637; 'The 
 Lady of Pleasure,' 1637 ; ' The Royall 
 Master,' 1638 ; 'The Duke's Mistris,' 
 1638 ; ' The Maide's Revenge,' 1639 ; 
 'The Ball' (with Chapman), 1639; 
 ' Chabot, Admiral of France ' (with 
 Chapman), 1639 ; 'The Opportunitie,' 
 1640 ; * The Coronation ' (pubd. under 
 Fletcher's name), 1640 ; 'St. Patrick 
 
SHORTHOUSE— SIDNEY 
 
 257 
 
 for Ireland,' 1640; 'The Constant 
 Maid,' 1640 (another edn., called : 
 
 * Love will finde out the Way,' 
 1661); *The Humorous Courtier,' 
 1640 ; * The Arcadia,' 1640 ; ' Poems,' 
 1646; 'The Triumph of Beautie,' 
 1646 ; 'The Way made Plain to the 
 Latiu Tongue,' 1649 ; ' Grammatica 
 Anglo-Latina,'16ol ; * The Cardinal,' 
 1652 ; ' Six New Playes,' 1653 [1652]; 
 
 * Cupid and Death ' (under initials : 
 J. S.), 1653; *The Gentleman of 
 Venise,' 1655 ; 'The Polititian,' 1655; 
 
 • The Rudiments of Grammar,' 1656 ; 
 **Et<Tayuyrj,' 1656; * Honour and 
 Mammon ; and, the Contention of 
 Ajax and Ulysses,' 1659 ; 'Andro- 
 mana ' (under initials : J. S.)> 1660. 
 
 Posthumous: *An Essay towards 
 an Universal and Rational Grammar,' 
 ed. by J. T. Philipps, 1726 ; 'Double 
 Falsehood' (pubd. under Shakespeare's 
 name ; probably by Shirley), 1728 ; 
 
 • Jenkin of Wales,' ed. by J. O. 
 Halliwell, 1861. 
 
 Collected Works : * Dramatic Works 
 and Poems,' ed., with memoir, by A. 
 Dyce (6 vols.), 1833. 
 
 SHORTHOUSE (Joseph Henry), b. 
 1834. Born, in Birmingham, 9 Sept. 
 1834. Educated at schools at Totten- 
 ham and elsewhere. For many years 
 actively engaged in business as manu- 
 facturer of Chemicals. Married Sarah 
 Scott, 19 Aug. 1857. Resides at 
 Ed^jbaston. Has contributed to 
 ' Macmillan's Mag.,' ' Nineteenth 
 Century,' etc 
 
 Works : * John Inglesant ' (priv. 
 ptd.), 1880; published, 1881; 'On 
 the Platonism of Wordsworth ' [1882]; 
 •The Little Schoolmaster Mark,' 
 1883-84; 'Sir Percival,' 1886; «A 
 Teacher of the Violin,' 1888 ; ' The 
 Countess Eve,' 1888 ; ' Blanche, 
 Lady Falaise,' 1891. 
 
 He has edited : G. Herbert's * The 
 Temple,' 1882 ; M. Molinos' ' Golden 
 Thoughts,' 1883 ; F. Morse's ' Peace ' 
 [1888]. 
 
 SIDGWICK (Henry), b. 1838. 
 Born, at Skipton, Yorkshire, 31 May 
 1838. At Rugby, Midsummer 1852 
 to Michaelmas 1855. Matric, Trin. 
 
 Coll., Camb., 1855 ; B. A., 1859 ; M.A., 
 1862 ; Fellow of Trin. Coll., 1859-69 ; 
 Lecturer, 1859-75 ; Praelector of Moral 
 and Political Philosophy, 1875 ; Hon. 
 Fellow Trin. Coll., 16 April 1881; 
 Knightbridge Prof, of Moral Philo- 
 sophy, 1883 ; Litt.D., 1884. Married 
 Eleanor Mildred Balfoi^r, 4 April 
 1876. Took active part in founding 
 of Newnham Coll., Camb., 1870-80. 
 Hon. LL.D., Glasgow, 1881; Hon. 
 LL.D. , Edinburgh, 1884 ; Hon. LL.D., 
 St. Andrew's, 1884 ; Hon. D.C.L., 
 Oxford, 1890 ; Dr. in Polit. Science, 
 Buda-Pest Univ., 1896 ; Mem Danish 
 Royal Soc. of Sciences, 1897. 
 
 Works : 'The Ethics of Conformity 
 and Subscription,* 1870; 'The Me- 
 thods of Ethics,' 1874 ; Supplement 
 to first edition of preceding, 1878 ; 
 Supplement to second edition, 1884 ; 
 ' The Principles of Politicul Economy,' 
 1883 ; ' The Scope and Method of 
 Economic Science,' 1885; 'Outlines 
 of the History of Ethics,' 1886 ; 'The 
 Elements of Politics,' 1891. 
 
 He has edited: Sir J. R. SeeJey's 
 'Introduction to Political Science,' 
 1896. 
 
 SIDNEY (Algernon). 1622-1683. 
 Born, at Penshurst, Kent, 1G22. 
 Travelled on Continent with his father 
 in his youth. Espoused Parliament- 
 ary cause, 1643. Commission in army, 
 
 1644. Governor of Chichester, May 
 
 1645. M.P. for Cardiff, Dec. 1645. 
 Governor of Dublin, July 1646. Lieu- 
 tenant of Dover Castle, Oct. 1648 to 
 March 1651. Mem. of Council of 
 State, Nov. 1651. Executed for al- 
 leged comnlicity in Rye House Plot 
 7 Dec. 1683. 
 
 Works : ' Discourses concerning 
 Government,' 1698 ; 'Letters to the 
 Hon. Henry Saville,'1742 ; ' A General 
 View of Government in Europe,' 1744. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by J. Robert- 
 son, 1772. 
 
 SIDNEY (Sir Philip), 1554-1536. "J^ 
 Born, at Penshurst, Kent, 30 Nov. 
 1 554. Lay Rector of Whitford, Flint- 
 shire, May 1564. Educated at Shrews- 
 bury School, Nov. 1564 to 1568. 
 X7 
 
258 
 
 SKEAT 
 
 Matric. Ch. Ch., Oxford, 1568. Prob- 
 ably took no degree. Mem. of Gray's 
 Inn, 1568. To Paris, in suite of Earl of 
 Lincoln, Mayl572. Appointed Gentle- 
 man of Bedchamber to Charles I., 
 "with title of Baron, Aug. 1572. Study- 
 ing in Lorraine, and at Strasburg, 
 Heidelberg, Frankfort, and Vienna, 
 Sept. 1572 to autumn 1573 ; in Italy, 
 Oct. 1573 to July 1574 ; at Vienna, 
 July 1574 to Feb. 1575 ; visited 
 Prague and Dresden ; returned to 
 London, May 1575. Attached to 
 Court of Queen Elizabeth. On Em- 
 bassy to Germany, Feb. to June, 1577. 
 His masque, ♦ The Lady of May,' per- 
 formed before the Queen at Wanstead, 
 May 1578. Friendship with Spenser 
 begun, 1578. President of 'The 
 Areopagus,' 1578. Being temporarily 
 out of favour at Court, spent some 
 months in retirement at Wilton (seat 
 of his sister. Countess of Pembroke) 
 in 1580 ; returned to Court, Oct. 
 1580. Steward to Bishopric of Win- 
 chester, 1580. M.P. for Kent, Jan. 
 1581 to Sept. 1585. With Duke of 
 Anjou in Antwerp, Feb. to March 
 1582. Knighted, 8 Jan. 1583. General 
 of the Horse, 1583. Grant of land 
 in colony of Virginia, 1583. Married 
 Frances Walsingham, 20 Sept. 1583. 
 Joint Master of Ordnance with Earl 
 of Warwick, July 1585. Governor of 
 Flushing and Rammekins, Nov. 1585. 
 Died, at Arnhem, 17 Oct. 1586. 
 Buried, in St. Paul's Cathedral, 16 
 Feb. 1587. 
 
 Works: 'The Countesse of Pem- 
 broke's Arcadia,' 1590 (later edns., 
 ' with sundry new additions of the same 
 author,' 1598, etc.); 'Syr P. S., his 
 Astrophel and Stella,' 1591 ; * An 
 Apologie for Poetry,' 1595. 
 
 Posthumom : ' Correspondence of 
 Sir Philip Sidney and H. Languet,' 
 ed. by S. A. Pears, 1845. 
 
 Collected Poems : ed. by A. B. Gro- 
 sart (2 vols.), 1873. 
 
 Life : by H. R. F. Bourne, 1891. 
 
 SKEAT (Walter William), b. 1835. 
 Born, in London, 21 Nov. 1835. At 
 King's Coll. School, 1845-46. At 
 school at Highgate, 1851-53. Studied 
 
 at Cambridge before entering college, 
 1854. Matric. Christ's Coll., Oamb., 
 1855 ; scholar, 1855-60; B.A., 1858; 
 M.A., 1861 ; Fellow of Christ's Coll., 
 1860-61 ; Litt.D., 1886. Ordained 
 Deacon, 1860 ; Priest, 1861 ; Curate 
 of East Dereham, Norfolk, 1861-62 ; 
 Curate of Godalming, 1863. One of 
 founders of English Dialect Soc, 
 1873; Pres. 1873-96. Incorporated 
 M. A. at Oxford, Exeter Coll., 12 June 
 1875. Prof, of Anglo-Saxon, Camb., 
 May 1878 ; re-elected Fellow of 
 Christ's Coll., Jan. 1883. Hon. LL.D., 
 Edinburgh, 1884. Hon. D.Litt., 
 Dublin, 1892. Ph.D., Halle, 1894. 
 Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 1896. 
 
 Works : ' A Tale of Ludlow Castlf,' 
 1866; 'A Moeso-Gothic Glossary,' 
 1868 ; ' A Hand List of Some Cognate 
 Words in English, Latin, and Greek,' 
 1871 ; ' Questions for Examination in 
 English Literature,' 1873; 'A List 
 of English Words, the Etymology of 
 which is illustrated by Comparison 
 with the Icelandic,' 1876 ; 'An Ety- 
 mological Dictionary of the English 
 Language, arranged on an Historical 
 Basis,' 1882 ; « Supplement ' to pre- 
 ceding, 1884; 'A Concise Etymo- 
 logical Dictionary,' 1882 ; ' Principles 
 of English Etymology' (2 series), 1887- 
 91 ; * A Concise Dictionary of Middle 
 English ' (with A. L. Mayhew), 1888; 
 'A Primer of English Etymology,' 
 1892; 'A Student's Pastime' (from 
 •Notes and Queries'), 1896. 
 
 He has translated: Uhland's 'Songs 
 and Ballads,' 1864; and edited [be- 
 sides various works edited for the 
 Early English Text Society, 1865-97 ; 
 for the English Dialect Society, 1868- 
 96 ; for the Chaucer Society, 1872-92 ; 
 for the Clarendon Press, 1874-96] : 
 'Specimens of Early English . . . 
 1250-1400 ' (with R. Morris), 1867 (en- 
 larged edn., '1150-1393,' 2 pts., 1882- 
 94) ; 'Passio Sancti Vincentii,' 1868 ; 
 'Piers the Plowman,' 1869; 'The 
 Holy Gospels in Anglo-Saxon, Nor- 
 thumbrian, and old Mercian,' 1871- 
 87 ; Chatterton's Poems, 1871 ; 'Speci- 
 mens of English Literature, from A.D. 
 1394 to A.D. 1579,' 1871; 'Shake- 
 speare's Plutarch,' 1875; 'The Two- 
 
SKELTON— SMILES 
 
 259 
 
 Noble Kinsmen,' 1875 ; Wycliflfe's 
 
 ♦ New Testament,' 1879 ; Wyclifife's 
 'Job, Psalms, etc.,' 1881 ; E. Guest's 
 •History of English Rhythms,' 1882 ; 
 •The Tale of Gamelyn,' 1884 ; 'The 
 Kingis Quair,' 1884 ; ' Piers the Plow- 
 man ... in three parallel texts,' 1886 ; 
 Chaucer's 'To Kosamounde, ' 1891; 
 
 • Twelve Facsimiles of Old English 
 Manuscripts,' 1892 ; Chaucer's ' House 
 of Fame,' 1893 ; * Chaucer's Works ' 
 (6 vols.), 1894 ; ' The Student's Chau- 
 cer,' 1895 ; ' Chaucerian and Other 
 Pieces,' 1897. 
 
 SKELTON (Sir John), 1831-1897. 
 Bom, in Edinburgh, 18 July 1831. 
 At school at St. Andrew's, 1843-46. 
 To Edinburgh Univ., 1846. Called 
 to Scotch Bar, 1854. Frequent con- 
 tributor (under pseud.: * Shirley ') to 
 periodicals since 1854. Married Anne 
 Adair Lawrie, 30 July 1867. Sec. of 
 Local Govt. Board, Scotland, 1868- 
 92 ; Chairman, 1892 ; Vice-Pres. and 
 Chairman, 1894-97. Hon. LL.D., 
 Edinburgh, 1878. Commissioner of 
 Supply for county of Aberdeen. C.B., 
 1887 ; K.C.B., 22 June 1897. Died, 
 in Edinburgh, 20 July 1897. 
 
 Works : • Nugse Criticae ' (under 
 pseud.: 'Shirley'), 1862; • Thalatta,' 
 1862 ; « John Dryden ' (from • Eraser's 
 Mag.'), 1865; *A Campaigner at 
 Home' (under pseud.: 'Shirley'), 
 1865; 'Benjamin Disraeli' (anon.), 
 1868 ; 'The Great Lord Bolingbroke,' 
 1868 ; • Boarding Out of Pauper Chil- 
 dren in Scotland,' 1876 ; ' The Im- 
 peachment of Mary Stuart,' 1876 ; 
 
 • Essays in Romance,' 1878 ; ' The 
 Crookit Meg,' 1880 ; 'Essays in His- 
 tory and Biography,' 1883; 'Maitland 
 of Lethington' (2 vols.), 1887-88 ; 'The 
 Handbook of Public Health,' 1890 ; 
 
 * The Local Government (Scotland) 
 Act in relation to Public Health,' 
 1890 (2nd edn. same year) ; 'Mary 
 Stuart,' 1893; •The Table-Talk of 
 Shirley,' 1895 ; 'Summers and Win- 
 ters at Balmawhapple : a second series 
 of the Table-Talk of Shirley,' 1896. 
 
 He edited: W. G. Dickson's 
 ' Treatise on the Law of Evidence in 
 Scotland,' 1864 ; ' The Comedy of the 
 
 Noctes Ambrosianse,' 1876 ; * The 
 Royal House of Stuart,' 1890. 
 
 SMART (Christopher), 1722-1770. 
 Born, at Shipbourne, Kent, 11 April 
 1722. Early education at Maidstone 
 and at Durham, 1733-39. Matric. 
 Pembroke Coll., Camb., 30 Oct. 1739 ; 
 B.A., 1743 ; Fellow, 1745-53; M.A., 
 1747. Edited ' The Student,' 1750-51. 
 Married Anna Maria Carnan, 1753. 
 Contrib. to ' The Universal Visitor,' 
 'The Midwife,' •The Old Woman's 
 Mag.,' etc. Confined in a lunatic 
 asylum for two years. Died, in 
 King's Bench Prison, 18 May 1770. 
 
 Works: 'On the Eternity of the 
 Supreme Being,' 1750 ; ' A Solemn 
 Dirge, sacred to the Memory of . . . 
 Frederic, Prince of Wales,' 1751 ; 
 • An Occasional Prologue and Epi- 
 logue to Othello' [1751]; 'On the 
 Immensity of the Supreme Being.' 
 1751 ; 'On the Omniscience of the 
 Supreme Being,' 1752; 'Poems on 
 Several Occasions,' 1752 ; second series 
 [1763]; 'The Hilliad,' 1753 ; 'On 
 the Power of the Supreme Being.' 
 1 754 ; ' Hymn to the Supreme Being.' 
 1756 ; ' On the Goodness of the Su- 
 preme Being,' 1756; 'A Song to 
 David,' 1763 ; • Poems ' (priv. ptd. ) 
 [1763 ?] ; •Hannah' [oratorio libretto] 
 [1764 ?] ; ' Ode to . . . the Eari of 
 Northumberland,' 1764 ; 'Abimelech' 
 [oratorio libretto], [1768 ?]. 
 
 He translated : ' Carmen Alexandri 
 Pope in S. Caeciliam latine redditum,' 
 1743 ; Horace's Works (2 vols.), 1756; 
 ' The Poems of Phaedrus,' 1765 ; 'The 
 Psalms of David,' 1765 ; ' The Par- 
 ables of our Lord,' 1768. 
 
 Collected Poems : in 2 vols., with 
 memoir, 1791. 
 
 SMILES (Samuel), h. 1812. Born, 
 at Haddington, 23 Dec. 1812. Edu- 
 cated at schools at Haddington and 
 Edinburgh Univ. Studied medicine; 
 practised as surgeon at Haddington, 
 1832-38. Gave up practice, 1838, 
 Editor of •Leeds Times,' 1838-44. 
 Sec. of Leeds and Thirsk Railway, 
 1845-54 ; to South-Eastern Railway, 
 1854-66. Hon. LL.D., Edinburgh, 
 1878. Frequent contributor to period- 
 17—2 
 
260 
 
 SMITH 
 
 icals. Italian Order of SS. Maurice 
 and Lazare, 1887 ; Servian Order of 
 St. Sava, 6 May 1897. 
 
 Works: 'Physical Education,' 1838; 
 
 • History of Ireland,' 1844 ; ' Railway 
 Property' [1849]; 'The Life of 
 George Stephenson,' 1857 (3rd edn., 
 same year); ' Self-Help,' 18.')9 ; 'Brief 
 Biographies,' 1860 ; ' Workmen's 
 Eamings, Strikes, and Savings,' 1861 ; 
 'Lives of the Engineers' (3 vols.), 
 1861-62; 'James Brindley and the 
 Early Engineers ' (abridged from pre- 
 ceding), 1864 ; ' Industrial Bio- 
 graphy,' 1863 ; ' Lives of Boulton and 
 Watt,' 1865 ; ' The Huguenots ... in 
 England and Ireland,' 1867 ; ' Char- 
 acter,' 1871 ; * The Huguenots in 
 France,' 1873 ; 'Thrift,' 1875 ; ' The 
 Life of a Scotch Naturalist,' 1876 ; 
 'George Moore,' 1878 (2nd edn. same 
 year) ; 'Robert Dick, Baker,' 1878 ; 
 
 • Duty,' 1880 ; ' Men of Invention and 
 Industry,' 1884 ; 'Life and Labour,' 
 1887 ; 'A Publisher and his Friends' 
 (2 vols.), 1891 ; ' Jasmin,' 1891 ; 
 
 • Josiah Wedgvi^ood,' 1894. 
 
 He has edited : ' A Boy's Voyage 
 Round the World,' 1871 ; J. Nas- 
 myth's 'Autobiography,' 1883. 
 
 SMITH (Adam), 1723-1790. Born, 
 at Kirkcaldy, Fifesbire, 5 June 1723. 
 Early education at village school there. 
 To Glasgow Univ., 1737 ; Snell 
 Exhibitioner, 1740. Matric. Balliol 
 Coll., Oxford, 7 July 1740. Re- 
 turned to Kirkcaldy, 1746. Removed 
 to Edinburgh, 1748 ; lectured at Edin- 
 burgh Univ., 1751. Friendship v\rith 
 Hume begun, 1751. Prof, of Logic, 
 Glasgow^ Univ., 1751-55 ; of Moral 
 Philosophy, 1755-63. Contrib. to 
 ' Edinburgh Rev.,' 1755. Travelled in 
 France with Duke of Buccleugh, 1763- 
 66. At Kirkcaldy, 1766-76. In Lon- 
 don, 1776-78. Returned to Edinburgh, 
 on appointment as Cdmmissioner of 
 Customs, 1778. Lord Rector, Glasgow 
 Univ., and LL.D., 1787. Died, in 
 Edinburgh, 8 July 1790. Buried 
 there. 
 
 Works : ' The Theory of Moral 
 Sentiments,' 1759 ; 'An Inquiry into 
 
 the Nature and Caupes of the Wealth 
 of Nations ' (2 vols.), 1776. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Essays on Philoso- 
 phical Subjects,' ed. by J. Black and 
 J. Hutton, 1795 ; 'Lectures on Justice, 
 Police, Revenue, and Arms, delivered 
 in the University of Glasgow,' ed. by 
 E. Cannan, 1896. 
 
 Collected Works: in 5 vols., ed. 
 by J. Steward, 1811-12. 
 
 Life : by R. B. Haldane, 1887. 
 
 SMITH (Alexander), 1830-1867. 
 Born, at Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, 31 
 Dec. 1830. Worked for some years 
 in a lace factory in Glasgow. Con- 
 trib. verses to the ' Glasgow Citizen,' 
 1850. Sec. to Edinburgh Univ., 1864- 
 67. Married Flora MacDonald, 1857. 
 Contributor to 'Encyclopaedia Brit.,* 
 ' National Mag.,' ' Macmillan's Mag.,* 
 ' The Quiver,' and other periodicals. 
 Died, at Wardie, near Edinburgh, 6 
 Jan. 1867. 
 
 Works : ' The Life-Drama,' 1852 ; 
 ' Poems,' 1853 (2nd edn. same year) ; 
 ' Sonnets on the War ' (with Sydney 
 Dobell), 1855 ; 'City of Poems,' 1857 ; 
 'Edwin of Deira,' 1861 ; 'Dream- 
 thorp,' 1863 ; 'A Summer in Skye* 
 (2 vols.), 1865; 'Alfred Hagart's 
 Household,' 1866 ; ' Miss Oona 
 McQuarrie,' 1866. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Last Leaves,' ed. 
 by P. P. Alexander, with memoir, 
 1868. 
 
 He edited : Burns' Poetical Works, 
 1865; J. W. S. Hows' 'Golden 
 Leaves from the American Poets,' 
 1866. 
 
 SMITH (Goldwin), b. 1823. Born, 
 at Reading, 13 Aug. 1823. At Eton, 
 1836-41. Matric, Cb. Ch., Oxford, 26 
 May 1841 ; Demy of Magdalen Coll., 
 1842-46 ; Hertford Scholar, 1842 ; 
 Ireland Scholar, 1845 ; B.A., 1845 ; 
 Chancellor's Latin Verse Prize, 1845 ; 
 Chancellor's Latin Essay and English 
 Essay Prizes, 1846 ; M.A., 1848 ; 
 Stowell Civil Law Fellow, Univ. Coll., 
 1846-50 ; Fellow, 1850-68 ; Tutor, 
 1851-54; Hon. Fellow, 1868. Student 
 of Lincoln's Inn, 2 Nov. 1842 ; called 
 to Bar, 11 Jime 1850. Assistant-Sec. 
 
SMITH 
 
 261 
 
 to Commibsion on Oxford Univ., 1850. 
 Regius Prof, of Modern Hist., Oxford, 
 1858-66. Lecturer in Mndern Hist, 
 and Hon. Fellow, Oriel Coll., 1867. 
 Member of Education Commission, 
 1859. Lectured in U.S.A., 1864; 
 LL.D., Brown Univ., 7 Sept. 1864. 
 Prof, of Engliph and Constitutional 
 Hist, Cornell Univ., 1868-71. To 
 Canada, 1871. Mem. of Senate (-f 
 Toronto Univ., 1873-75. Edited 
 ' Canadian Monthly,' 1872 74. Hon. 
 D.C.L., Oxford, 14 June 1882. Chief 
 contributor to ' The Bystander,' 1880- 
 83 and 1889-90 ; to ' The Week,' 
 1883-87. 
 
 Works : * Inaugural Lecture ' at 
 Oxford [1859] ; 'Concerning Doubt' 
 (anon.), 1861 ; 'The Foundation of 
 the American Colonies,' 1861 ; 'The 
 Study of History,' 1861 ; 'On Some 
 Supposed Consequences of the Doctrine 
 of Historical Progress,' 1861 ; * Lec- 
 tures on Modern History delivered at 
 (Uford,' 1861; 'Rational Religion,' 
 1861 ; 'Irish History and Irish Cha- 
 racter,' 1861; 'The Suppression of 
 Doubt is not Faith ' (anon.), 1861 ; 
 ' An Oxford Professor on Church En- 
 dowments,' 1862 ; ' The Empire ' 
 (from 'Daily News'), 1863; 'Does 
 the Bible sanction American Slavery V 
 1863 ; ' A Letter to a Whig Member 
 of the Southern Independence Asso- 
 ciation,' 1864 ; ' A Plea for the Aboli- 
 tion of Tests in the University of 
 Oxford,'1864; 'England and America,' 
 
 1865 ; * Speeches and Letters ... on 
 the Rebellion' (2 vols.), 1866; 'The 
 Elections to the Hebdomadal Council,' 
 
 1866 ; ' The Civil War in America,' 
 1866; 'Three English Statesmen,' 
 
 1867 ; ' The Reorganization of the 
 University of Oxford,' 1868 ; ' The 
 Irish Question,' 1868 ; 'A Short His- 
 tory of England down to the Reforma- 
 tion,' 1869 ; ' The Relations between 
 America and England,' 1869; 'The 
 Political Destiny of Canada,' 1879 ; 
 'Cowper,' 1880; 'Lectures and Es- 
 says,' 1881 ; 'The Conduct of England 
 to Ireland,' 1882; 'False Hopes,' 
 1883 ; ' The Wrongs of Ireland ' 
 ri8S6] ; Dismemberment no Remedy' 
 [1886] ; 'A Trip to England,' 1888 ; 
 
 ' Prohibitionism in Canada and tlie 
 United States ' (from ' Macmillan's 
 Mag.'), 1889 ; ' Life of Jane Austen,' 
 1890 ; ' Loyalty, Aristocracy, and 
 Jingoism,' 1891 ; ' Canada and the 
 Canadian Question,' 1891 ; ' The 
 Moral Crusader, W. L. Garrison,' 
 
 1892 ; * Bay Leaves : translations 
 from the Latin Poets,' 1893 ; ' Speci- 
 mens of Greek Tragedy, translated,' 
 
 1893 ; ' Essays on Questions of the 
 Day,' 1893 ; 'Oxford and her Colleges,' 
 
 1894 ; ' Guesses at the Riddle of Ex- 
 istence,' 1897. 
 
 He has edited: J. B. Greene's 
 * Notes on Ireland,' 1886. 
 
 SMITH (Horatio), 1779-1849. Bom, 
 in London, 1779. Stockbroker by 
 profession. Contrib., with his brother 
 James, to ' The Pic-nic,' 1802 ; ' The 
 Monthly Mirror,' 1807-10; 'New 
 Monthly Mag.,' etc. Married. In 
 later years of life resided at Brighton. 
 Died, at Tunbridge Wells, 12 July 
 1849. 
 
 Works: 'The Runaway,' 1800; 
 'Trevanion,' 1801; 'Rejected Ad- 
 dresses' (anon. ; with his brother 
 James), 1812 (8th edn. same year) ; 
 ' First Impressions,' 1813 (2nd edn. 
 same year) ; ' Horace in London,' 1813 
 (4th edn. same year) ; 'Amaranthus 
 the Nympholept' (anon.), 1821 ; 
 ' Gaieties and Gravities ' (anon. ; 3 
 vols. ), 1825 ; ' Brambletye House ' 
 (anon.), 1826 ; ' The Tor Hill' (anon. \ 
 1826 ; ' Reuben Apsley ' (anon. ), 1827 ; 
 'Tales of the Great St. Bernard,' 
 1828; 'ZiUah' (anon.), 1828; 'The 
 New Forest ' (anon. ), 1829; 'Walter 
 Colyton ' (anon.), 1830 ; ' Midsummer 
 Medley for 1830,' 1830 ; ' Festivals, 
 Games, and Amusements,' 1831 ; 
 ' Tales of the Early Ages ' (anon.), 
 1832; 'Gale Middleton' (anon.), 
 1833 ; ' The Involuntary Prophet ' 
 (anon.), 1835 ; ' The Tin Trumpet ' 
 (under pseud.: ' Paul Chatfield,M.D.'), 
 1836 ; 'Jane Lomax ' (anon.), 1838 ; 
 'The Moneyed Man,' 1841 ; * Adam 
 Brown' (anon.), 1843; 'Arthur 
 Arundel' (anon.), 1844; 'Love and 
 Mesmerism,' 1845 ; ' Poetical Works ' 
 (2 vols.) 1846. 
 
SMITH 
 
 He edited : James Smith's * Me- 
 moirs,' 1840; 'Oliver Cromwell,' 
 1840 ; J. Smith's 'Comic Miscellanies,' 
 1841 ; Dr. Macarthy's ' Massaniello,' 
 
 1842. 
 
 SMITH (Sydney), 1771-1845. Born, 
 at Woodford, Essex, 3 June 1771. At 
 pchool at Southampton, 1777-82. At 
 Winchester School, July 1782 to 1789. 
 JSIatric, New Coll., Oxford, 7 Feb. 
 1789 ; Fellow, 1790-1800 ; B.A., 
 1792 ; M.A., 1796. Ordained, 1794. 
 Curate of Nether- Avon, Wilts., 1794- 
 97. To Edinburgh, as private tutor to 
 Michael Beach, 1798. Married 
 Catherine Amelia Pybus, 2 July 1800. 
 Founder of 'Edinburgh Review,' 
 1803; contributor till March 1827. 
 Removed to London, 1803. Lectured 
 at Royal Institution, 1804, 1805, 1806. 
 Preacher at Foundling Hospital, March 
 1 805 to Oct. 1808. Rector of Foston- 
 leClay, Yorkshire, 1806-29. Rector 
 of Londesborough, 1825-32. Visit to 
 Paris, 1826. Canon of Bristol, 1828. 
 Rector of Combe-Florey, Somerstt- 
 shire, 1829-31. Canon Residentiary 
 of St. Paul's Cathedral, 1831. Visit 
 to Paris, 1835. Died, in London, 
 22 Feb. 1845. Buried at Kensal 
 Green. 
 
 Works [exclusive of separate 
 sermons]: 'Six Sermons,' 1800; 
 'Sermons' (2 vols.), 1801 (2nd edn. 
 same year) ; * Letters on the Subject 
 of the Catholics ' (under pseud.: * Peter 
 Plymley'), 1807-08; 'Sermons' (2 
 vols.), 1809 ; • The Judge that smites 
 contrary to the Law' (priv. ptd.), 
 1824; 'Catholic Claims,' 1825; 
 • Letter to the Electors on the Catho- 
 lic Question,' 1826 (2nd edn. same 
 year) ; ' Mr. Dyson's Speech to the 
 'Freeholders on Reform,' 1831; Three 
 'Letters to Archdeacon Singleton,' 
 1837, 1838, 1839 ; 'Letter to Lord John 
 Russell,' 1838; 'Ballot,' 1839 (3rd 
 edn. same year); 'Works '(4 vols.), 
 1839-40 ; 'Letters on American Debts,' 
 1844 (2nd edn. same year). 
 
 Posthumous : ' A Fragment on the 
 Irish Roman Catholic Church,' 1845 
 (7th edn. same year) ; ' Sermons 
 preached at St. Paul's Cathedral, 'f" 
 
 1846 ; * Elementary Sketches of Moral 
 Philosophy,' ed. by Lord Jeffrey, 1850 
 (2nd edn. same year ; priv. ptd. , 1849) ; 
 ' Essays ' (from * Edinburgh Rev.') 
 [1874]. 
 
 Collected Works: in 3 vols., 1854. 
 
 Life : ' Life and Letters,' by Lady 
 Holland, 1855 ; ' Life,' by S. J. Reid, 
 1884. 
 
 SMITH (William Robertson), 1846- 
 1894. Born, at Kieg, Aberdeenshire, 
 8 Nov. 1846. Educated at Aberdeen 
 Univ. ; New Coll., Edinburgh ; Bonn 
 Univ. ; and Gottingen Univ. As- 
 sistant to Prof, of Physics, Edinburgh 
 Univ., 1868-70. Prof, of Hebrew, 
 Free Church Coll., Aberdeen, 1870- 
 81 ; removed from chair on account 
 of alleged * heretical ' views on Old 
 Testament ; re-elected, 1888. Mem. of 
 Old Testament Revision Committee, 
 1872. Travelled in Arabia, 1879-80. 
 Lord Almoner's Prof, of Arabic, 
 Cambridge Univ., Jan. 1883 to 1886. 
 M.A., Camb., 1883. Librarian to 
 Cambridge Univ., Feb. 1886 to 1889. 
 Sir Thomas Adams's Prof, of Arabic, 
 Cambridge Univ. ,1889. Hon. LL.D. , 
 Aberdeen. Hon. D.D., Strasburg. 
 Hon. Litt.D., Trin. Coll., Dublin. 
 Died, at Cambridge, 31 March 1894. 
 Buried at Kieg. 
 
 Works : ' What History teaches us 
 to seek in the Bible,' 1870 ; 'Sermon' 
 [on Luke xix. 5], 1877 ; ' Answer to 
 the Form of Libel now before the 
 Free Church Presbytery,' 1878 ; ' Ad- 
 ditional Answer,' 1878 ; ' Answer to 
 the Amended Libel,' 1879 ; * An Open 
 Letter to Principal Rainy,' 1880 (2nd 
 edn. same year) ; * Letter ... to Rev. 
 Sir H. W. MoncriefiE ' (priv. ptd.) 
 [1880] ; ' The Old Testament in the 
 Jewish Church,' 1881 ; ' The Prophets 
 of Israel,' 1882 ; ' Kinship and Mar- 
 riage in Early Arabia,' 1885 ; * Lec- 
 tures on the Religion of the Semites ' 
 (2 series), 1889-94. 
 
 He edited : Ninth edn. of ' Encycl. 
 Brit.' (with Prof. Baynes), 1875, etc. ; 
 J. Wellhausen's * Prolegomena to the 
 History of Israel,' 1885 ; W. Wright's 
 ' Lectures on the Comparative Gram- 
 )mar of the Semitic Languages,' 1890. 
 
SMOLLETT- SOUTHE Y 
 
 SaiOLLETT (Tobias George), 1721- 
 1771. Born, in the 'Lennox,' Dum- 
 bartonshire, 1721 ; baptized, 19 March 
 1721. Early education at school at 
 Dumbarton. Apprenticed to a doctor. 
 To London, 1739. Entered Navy as 
 Surgeon's Mate, Oct. 1740. After 
 Carthagena expedition, retired from 
 Navy ; settled in Jamaica. Married 
 there Anne Lascelles, 1744 [?] Re- 
 turned to London, 1744 ; devoted 
 himself to literature. Visit to Paris, 
 1749 [?]. M.D., Marischal Coll., Aber- 
 deen, 1750. Edited •Critical Re- 
 view,' 1756-60. Imprisoned three 
 months for libel, 1759. Edited 
 • British Mag.,' 1760-67 ; 'The Briton,' 
 May 1762 to Feb. 1763. Travelled 
 abroad, June 1763 to spring 1765. 
 To Italy, 1768 ; settled at Monte 
 Nuovo, near Leghorn. Died there, 
 Sept. 1771. Buried at Leghorn. 
 
 Works: 'Advice' (anon.), 1746; 
 'Reproof (anon.), 1747; 'Adven- 
 tures of Roderick Random ' (anon. ), 
 1748 ; ' The Regicide ' (anon.), 1749 ; 
 ' The History and Adventures of an 
 Atom ' (anon.), 1749 ; ' Adventures of 
 Peregrine Pickle' (anon.), 1751; 
 ' Essay on the External Use of Water,' 
 1752 ; ' Adventures of Ferdinand, 
 Count Fathom' (anon.), 1753 ; 'The 
 Reprisal' (anon.), 1757; 'Compleat 
 History of England ... to the 
 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ' (4 vols.), 
 1767-58 ; * Continuation ' of preceding 
 (5 vols.), 1763-65; 'Adventures of 
 Sir Launcelot Greaves ' (anon.), 1762 ; 
 ' Travels Through France and Italy ' 
 (2 vols.), 1766; 'The Present State 
 of All Nations' (8 vols.), 1768-69; 
 'The Expedition of Humphrey 
 Clinker' (anon.), 1771 (misprinted 
 1671 on title-page of Ist edn.). 
 
 Posthumous: 'Ode to Independ- 
 ence,' 1773. 
 
 He translated : ' Gil Bias ' (anon.), 
 1749; 'Don Quixote,' 1755; 'Vol- 
 taire's "Works (with others), 1761-74 ; 
 •The Adventures of Telemachus,' 
 1776 ; Sknd edited: 'A Compendium of 
 Authentic and Entertaining Voyages,' 
 1756. 
 
 Collected Works: in 6 vols., 1790. 
 Life : by R. Anderson, 1796. 
 
 SOMERVILE (William), 1675-1743. 
 Bom, at Wolseley, Staffordshire, 2 Sept. 
 1675. Early education at Stratford- 
 on-Avon. Scholar of Winchester 
 Coll., 1690. Matric, New Coll., Ox- 
 ford, 24 Aug. 1694 ; Fellow, 1694-1704. 
 Student of Middle Temple, 1696, Life, 
 after leaving Oxford, spent at Edstone, 
 Warwickshire. Married Mary Bethel, 
 1 Feb. 1708. Died, at Edstone, 17 
 July 1742. Buried at Wootton. 
 
 Works : ' Occasional Poems,' 1727 ; 
 •The Chase,' 1735 (3rd edn. same 
 year) ; • Hobbinol,' 1740 (3rd edn. 
 same year) ; •Field Sports,' 1742. 
 
 Collected Works: in 2 vols., 1766. 
 
 SOUTHEEN (Thomas), 1660-1746. 
 Born, at Oxmanton, co. Dublin, 1660, 
 To Trin. Coll., Dublin, 1676. Stu- 
 dent of Middle Temple, 1678. Ma- 
 trie, Pembroke Coll., Oxford, 28 Nov. 
 1679 ; B.A., 1683. Prolific writer of 
 plays ; first play performed, 1682. 
 Served in the Army ; reached rank of 
 Captain. Later years of life spent at 
 Westminster. Died there, 26 M»y 
 1746. 
 
 Works: ' The Loyal Brother,' 1682 ; 
 'The Disappointment,' 1684; *Sir 
 Anthony Love,' 1691 ; 'The Wives' 
 Excuse,' 1692; 'The Maid's Last 
 Prayer,' 1693 ; 'The Fatal Marriage, 
 1694 ; ' Oroonoko,' 1696 ; ' The Fate 
 of Capua,' 1700 ; ' The Spartan Dame,* 
 1719 (3rd edn. same year) ; * Works ' 
 (2 vols.), 1721 ; ' Money the Mistress,' 
 1726. 
 
 He edited : ' Pausanias,' 1696. 
 
 Collected Works : in 3 vols., with 
 memoir, 1774. 
 
 SOUTHEY (Robert), 1774-1843. 
 Born, in Bristol, 12 Aug. 1774. 
 Early education at schools at Bristol 
 and Corston. To Westminster School, 
 2 April 1788 ; expelled for an article 
 in 'The Flagellant,' 1792. Matric. 
 Balliol Coll., Oxford, 3 Nov. 1792 ; 
 went into residence, Jan. 1793 ; left 
 Oxford, 1794. Friendship with Cole- 
 ridge begun, June 1794. Married (i.) 
 Edith Fricker, 14 Nov. 1795. Tra- 
 velled in Spain with his uncle, 1795-96. 
 Returned to Bristol, 1796. Removed 
 
264 
 
 SOUTHWELL 
 
 to London, Feb. 1797. Student of 
 Gray's Inn, 7 Feb. 1797. Second 
 visit to Spain, 1800-01. Private Sec. 
 to Irish Chancellor of Exchequer, 
 1801. Settled at Greta Hall, near 
 Keswick, 1803 ; lived there till his 
 death. Crown Pension, 1807. Poet 
 Laureate, 1813, Hon. D.C.L., Ox- 
 ford, 14 June 1820. Civil List Pen- 
 sion, 1835. Declined a Baronetcy. 
 Also d: clined to sit as M.P. for Down- 
 ton Borough, for which he was re- 
 turnel, 1826. Frequent contributor 
 to ' Quarterly Rev.' Wife confined in 
 a lunatic asylum, Oct. 1834 ; died, 
 16 Nov. 1837. Married (ii.) Caroline 
 Anne Bowles, 4 June 1839. Lost 
 mental powers in last years of life?. 
 Died, at Keswick, 21 March 1843. 
 Buried in Crosthwaite Churchyard. 
 
 Works : ' The Fall of Robespierre ' 
 (Act I., by Coleridge ; Acts II., III., 
 by Southey), 1794 ; • Poems ... by 
 R. Lovell and R. Southey,' 1795 ; 
 ' Joan of Arc,' 1796 ; ' Letters written 
 during a Short Residence in Spain 
 and Portugal,' 1797 ; ' Minor Poems ' 
 (2 vols.), 1797-99 ; 'Thalaba the De- 
 stroyer,' 1801 ; 'Mttrical Tales, anil 
 Other Poems,' 1805 ; ' Madoc,' 1805 ; 
 * Letters from England ' (under pseud.: 
 'Don Manuel Alvarez Espriella'; 3 
 vols.), 1807 ; ' The Curse of Kehama,' 
 1810 ; ' The History of Brazil ' (3 voIb.), 
 1810-19 ; 'Omniana' (2 vols.; anon.), 
 1812; 'Life of Nelson' (2 vols.), 
 1813 ; ' Carmen Triumphale,' 1814 ; 
 •Odes to the Prince Regent, etc.,' 
 1814; 'Roderick,' 1814; 'Minor 
 Poems ' (3 vols.), 1815 ; ' The Lay of 
 the Laureate : Carmen Nuptiale,' 
 1816; 'The Poet's Pilgrimage to 
 Waterloo,' 1816 ; ' Summary of the 
 Life of Arthur, Duke of Wellington ' 
 (anon.; from ' Quarterly Rev.'), 1816; 
 ' Wat Tyler,' 1817 (another edn., with 
 additional Preface, same year) ; ' Let- 
 ter to W. Smith, Esq., 1817 (4th edn. 
 same year) ; ' Life of John Wesley ' 
 (2 vols.), 1820 ; 'A Vision of Judg- 
 ment,' 1821 ; ' History of the Expedi- 
 tion of Orsua,' 1821 ; 'History of the 
 Peninsular War ' (3 vols.), 1823-32 ; 
 •The Book of the Church ' (2 vols.), 
 1824 ; 'A Tale of Paraguay,' 1825 ; 
 
 ' Vindiciae Ecclesiae Anglicante,' 1826 ; 
 •Sir Thomas More' (2 vols.), 1829; 
 * All for Love, etc.,' 1829 ; ' Lives of 
 Uneducated Poet-^,* 1829 ; * Selections' 
 from his Poems, 1831 ; ' Essays, Moral 
 and Political' (2 vols.), 1832 ; ' Selec- 
 tions' from his Prose, 1832 ; 'Letter 
 to John Murray, Esq.' (anon.), 1833 ; 
 ' Lives of the British Admirals ' (with 
 R. Bell; 5 vols.), 1833-40; 'The 
 Doctor,' vols. i.-v. (anon.), 1834-37 ; 
 vols, vi., vii., ed. by J. W. Warter, 
 1847 ; • Poetical Works ' (collected ; 
 10 vols.), 1837-38. 
 
 Posthumous : * Life of the Rev. 
 Andrew Bell' (3 vols.), 1844 (vol. i., 
 by R. Southey ; vols, ii., iii., by 0. 0. 
 Southey) ; ' Oliver Newman,' ed. by 
 H. Hill, 1845 ; ' Robin Hood ' (poems 
 by Southey and his wife), 1847 ; vols, 
 vi., vii. of 'The Doctor '[see above], 
 1847 ; ' Life and Correspondence, ed. 
 by his son, C. C. Southey,' (6 vols.), 
 1849-50 ; ' Common-Place Book ' (4 
 vols.), 1849-51 ; Selections from his 
 ' Letters,' ed. by J. W. Warter (4 
 vols.), 1856. 
 
 He translated : ' Amadis of Gaul,* 
 1803 ; ' Palmerin of England,' 1807 ; 
 •Chronicle of the Cid,' 1808; and 
 edited : ' Annual Anthology ' (2 vols.), 
 1799-1800; Chatterton'sWorks(with J. 
 Cottle), 1803 ; ' Specimens of the later 
 English Poets,' 1807; 'Remains of H. 
 Kirke White, with an Account of his 
 Life,' 1808-22 ; ' The Byrth, Lyf, and 
 Actes of Kyng Arthur,' 1817 ; * Pil- 
 grim's Progress,' 1830 ; J. Jones' 
 'Attempts in Verse,' 1831; 'Select 
 Works of the British Poets,' 1831 ; 
 Dr. Watts' 'Horse Lyricae,' 1834; 
 Cowper's Works, 1836-37. 
 
 Collected Works: in 10 vols., 1837- 
 38. 
 
 Life: by 0. T. Browne, 1854 ; by 
 Prof. Dowden, 1876. 
 
 SOUTHWELL (Robert), 1561 [?> 
 1595. Born, probably in Nottingham- 
 shire, 1561 [?]. Educated at Douai 
 and Paris. Enrolled in Society of 
 Jesus, at Rome, 1578. Prefect of 
 English Jesuits Coll., Rome, 1583 [?]. 
 Ordained Priest, 1584. Sent to Eng- 
 land as Missionary, 1586. Domestic 
 
SPENCER— STANHOPE 
 
 Chaplain to Couutess of Arundel. Im- 
 prisoned in Tower, 1592-95. Exe- 
 cuted, at Tyburn, 21 Feb. 1595. 
 
 Works : ' An Epistle of Comfort to 
 the Reverend Preistes ' [Paris, 1592 ?]; 
 
 * A Short Rule of Good Life ' [1592 ?] ; 
 •Saint Peter's Complaynt' (anon.), 
 1595 (2nd edn. same year) ; ' Moeonise' 
 (under initials: R. S.), 1595; 'An 
 Humble Supplication to her Maiestie ' 
 (anon. ; attrib. to Southwell), 1595 ; 
 'The Triumphs ouer Death,' 1596. 
 
 Posthumous : * Marie Magdalen's 
 Funerall Teares,' 1602; 'A Foure- 
 foald Meditation, of the Foure Last 
 Things ' (under initials : R. S. ), 1606. 
 
 Collected Works: 'Complete Poems,' 
 ed. by A. B. Grosart, with memoir, 
 1872. 
 
 SPENCER (Herbert), b. 1820. 
 Born, at Derby, 27 April 1820. Pri- 
 vately educated. Civil Engineer, 
 1837-46. Sub-editor of ' The Econo- 
 mist,' 1848-53. Contrib. to various 
 reviews. Life mainly devoted to philo- 
 sophical studies since 1855 ; occupied 
 on his * Synthetic Philosophy ' since 
 1860. Visit to U.S.A., 1882. Has 
 declined all academical distinctions. 
 Resides in London. 
 
 Works : ' Social Statics.'l 851 [1850]; 
 'A Theory of Population ' (from 'West- 
 minster Rev.'), 1852 ; ' Over-Legisla- 
 tion,' 1854 ; 'Railway Morals and 
 Railway Policy,' 185i6 ; 'The Prin- 
 ciples of Psychology,' 1855 (enlarged 
 cdn., 2 vols., 1870-72) ; 'Essays . . . 
 from the Quarterly Reviews,' series i., 
 ] 858 ; series ii., 1863 ; series iii., 1874 ; 
 library edn. (3 vols.), 1891 ; 'Educa- 
 tion,' 1861 ; ' First Principles,' 1862 ; 
 
 • The Principles of Biology,' (2 vols.), 
 1864-67 ; ' The Classification of the 
 Sciences,' 1864 ; 'The Study of Socio- 
 logy,' 1873 ; 'The Principles of Socio- 
 logy' (3 vols.), 1876-96; 'The Man 
 versus the State,' 1884 ; * The Factors 
 of Organic Evolution,' 1887 ; ' The 
 Principles of Ethics ' [including ' The 
 Data of Ethics,' 1879, and ' Justice,' 
 1891] (2 vols ), 1892-93 ; ' The In- 
 adequacy of Natural Selection ' (from 
 'Contemp. Rev.') [1893]; 'A Re- 
 joinder to Prof. Weismann ' (from 
 
 ' Contemporary Kev.') [1893] ; ' Wei*- 
 maimism Ouce More ' (from 'Contemp. 
 Rev.'), 1894; 'Against the Metric 
 System' (from the 'Times'), 1896; 
 ' Varioub Fragments [1852-1896],' 
 1897. 
 
 He has edited: 'Descriptive Soci- 
 ology' (8 pts.), 1873 81. 
 
 SPENSER (Edmund), 1552-1699. 
 Born, in London, 1552 [?]. Early 
 education at Merchant Taylors' School. 
 To Pembroke Hall, Camb., as Sizar, 
 20 May 1569 ; B.A., 16 Jan. 1573 ; 
 M.A., 26 June 1576. Settled in Lon- 
 don, 1578. Sec. to Lord-Lieut, of 
 Ireland, 1580. Received grant of 
 land in co. Cork, 1586. Clerk of 
 Council of Munster, 1588. Visited 
 by Sir Walter Raleigh, 1589 ; to Eng- 
 land with him, to be pres».mted at 
 Court. Lived in Ireland, 1591-95. 
 Married [Elizabeth Boyle ?], 1595. 
 SheriflE of co. Cork, 1598. Died, in 
 London, 16 Jan. 1599. Buried in 
 Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works : ' The Shepheardes Calen- 
 dar,' 1579 ; * Three Proper, and 
 Wittie, Familiar Letters : lately passed 
 between Two Universitie Men' (anon.), 
 1580; 'The Faerie Queene,' bka. i.- 
 iii., 1590 ; bks. iv.-vi., 1596 ; * Muio- 
 potmos,' 1590 ; ' Complaints,' 1591 ; 
 
 * Prosopopoia,' 1591 ; * Teares of the 
 Muses,' 1591 ; ' Daphnaida,' 1591 ; 
 
 * Amoretti and Epithalamion,' 1595 ; 
 ' Colin Clout's Come Home Again e,' 
 1595 ; ' Prothalamion,' 1596 ; 'Foure 
 Hymnes, etc.,' 1596 ; 'A View of the 
 State of Ireland,' 1596. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by J. Aikin 
 (5 vols.), 1842 ; ed. by A. B. Grofait 
 (9 vols.), 1882-84. 
 
 Life : by Dean Church, 1888. 
 
 STANHOPE (Philip Henry), Uh 
 Earl Stanhope, 1805-1875. Born, at 
 Walmer, 30 Jan. 1805. Matric, 
 Ch. Ch., Oxford, 19 April 1823; 
 B.A., 1827 ; Created D.C.L., 11 June 
 1834; M.A., 18 Dec. 1854; Hon. 
 Student, Ch. Ch., 1858-75. M.P. for 
 Wootton-Bassett. 1830-31 ; for Hert- 
 ford, 1832-52. Under-Sec. of State 
 for Foreign Affairs, 1834-35 ; Sec. to 
 Board of Control, 1845-46. F.R.S., 
 
266 
 
 STANLEY 
 
 1827. Married Emily Hariett Kerri- 
 8on, 10 July 1834. F.S.A., 1841 ; 
 Pres., 1846. Succeeded to Earldom, 
 1855. Founded Stanhope Modern 
 History Prize at Oxford, 1 855. Chair- 
 man of National Portrait Gallery, 
 1857. Lord Rector of Marischal 
 Coll., Aberdeen, 1858. Hon. LL.D., 
 Camb., 1864. Foreign Member of 
 French Acad., 1872. Hon. Antiquary 
 to Royal Academy. Governor of 
 Wellington Coll. Trustee of British 
 Museum. Died, at Bournemouth, 24 
 Dec. 1875. 
 
 Works: 'Life of Belisarius,' 1829 ; 
 
 * History of the War of the Succepsion 
 in Spain' (2 pts ), 1832-33; 'Lord 
 John Russell and Mr. Macaulay on 
 the French Revolution ' (anon.), 1833 ; 
 ' Letters from Switzerland ' (anon. ; 
 priv. ptd.), 1834 ; • History of Eng- 
 land from the Peace of Utrecht to the 
 Peace of Versailles' (7 vols.), 1836- 
 54 ; ' Speech ... on the Law of Copy- 
 right,' 1842; 'Essai sur la Vie du 
 Grand Cond^ ' (priv. ptd.), 1842 (Eng- 
 lish version, 1845) ; * Historical 
 Essays' (from 'Quarterly Rev.'), 
 1849; 'The Forty-five,' 1851; 
 
 * Letter to Jared Sparks,' 1852; 
 ' Secret Correspondence connected 
 with Mr. Pitt's return to Office in 
 1804' (priv. ptd.), 1852 ; 'Lord Chet- 
 ham at Chevening ' (priv. ptd.), 1855 ; 
 
 * Addresses delivered at Manchester, 
 Leeds, and Birmingham.,' 1856 ; ' Ad- 
 dress delivered ... as Lord Rector 
 of Marischal Coll.,' 1858 ; ' Life of the 
 Rt. Hon. William Pitt' (4 vols.), 
 1861-62; 'Miscellanies,' 1863 ; 'His- 
 tory of England during the Rieign of 
 Queen Anne, until the Peace of 
 Utrecht, 1870 (2nd edn. same year ) ; 
 
 * Miscellanies : second series,' 1872. 
 
 Posthumous : ' The French Retreat 
 from Moscow, etc' (from ' Quarterly 
 Rev.'), 1876 ; ' Notes of Conversations 
 with the Duke of Wellington,' 1888. 
 
 He edited : Earl of Peterborough's 
 
 * Letters to General Stanhope,' 1834 ; 
 Hon. A. Stanhope's 'Spain under 
 Charles the Second,' 1840; 'Ex- 
 tracts from Dispatches of the British 
 Envoy at Florence ' (priv. ptd. for 
 Roxburghe Club), 1843 ; ' Correspond- 
 
 ence between . . . William Pitt and 
 Charles Duke of Rutland,' 1842 ; Earl 
 of Chesterfield's Letters,' 1845 ; ' Me- 
 moirs of Sir Robert Peel ' (with E. 
 Card well), 1856-57. 
 
 STANLEY (Arthur Penrhyn), Dean 
 of Westminster, 1815-1881. Born, 
 at Alderley, Cheshire, 13 Dec. 1815. 
 Educated at Rugby, 1829-34. Matric, 
 Balliol Coll., Oxford, 30 Nov. 1833 ; 
 Scholar, 1833-38 ; Ireland Scholar. 
 1837 ; Newdigate Prize, 1837 ; B.A., 
 1837 ; Fellow of Univ. Coll., 1838-51 ; 
 Latin Essay Prize, 1839 ; EUerton 
 Theol. Prize, 1840 ; M.A., 1840. Or- 
 dained Deacon, 1839 ; Priest, 1841. 
 Select Preacher, Oxford Univ., 1845- 
 46, 1872-73. Sec, Oxford Univ. Com- 
 mission, 1850-52. Canon of Canter- 
 bury Cathedral, 1851-58. Travelled 
 widely on Continent; and in Palestine. 
 Contrib. to ' Quarterly Rev. ,' 1850-73 ; 
 to * Edinburgh Rev.,' 1850-81 ; to 
 'Eraser's Mag.,' 1865-80; to 'Mac- 
 raillan's Mag.,' 1860-81 ; to ' Good 
 Words,' 1861-81; to 'Contemporary 
 Rev.,' 1866-75 ; to 'Nineteenth Cen- 
 tury,' 1878-80. Chaplain to Prince 
 Consort, 1854-61. Exam. Chaplain to 
 Bishop of London, 1854-64. Regius 
 Prof, of Eccles. Hist., Oxford, 1856-64. 
 B.D. and D.D., Oxford, 185S. Canon of 
 Ch. Ch., Oxford, 1858-64. Mem. of 
 Hebdomadal Council, Oxford, 1860-64. 
 Deputy Clerk of Closet, and Hon. 
 Chaplain in Ordinary to Qneen and 
 Prince of Wales, 1863. Married 
 Lady Augusta Bruce, 23 Dec. 1863. 
 Dean of Westminster, 1864. Hon. 
 LL.D., Camb., 1864. Hon. Fellow 
 of Univ. Coll., Oxford, 1864-81. To 
 Moscow, for marriage of Duke of 
 Edinburgh. 1874. Lord Rector St. 
 Andrew's Univ., 1875. Visited U.S.A., 
 1878. Died, at Westminster, 18 
 July 1881. Buried in Westminster 
 Abbey. 
 
 Works [exclusive of separate ser- 
 mons] : 'The Gypsies,' 1837; *Do 
 States, like Individuals, inevitably 
 tend ... to decay?' 1840 ; ' Life and 
 Correspondence of T. Arnold' (2 vols.), 
 1844 (3rd edn. same year) ; ' Sermons 
 and Essays on the Apostolical Age,* 
 
STANLEY— STEELE 
 
 267 
 
 1847 ; 'The Study of Modern His- 
 tory,' 1854 ; • Historical Memorials of 
 Canterbury,' 1855 (2nd edn. same 
 year) ; ' The Reformation,' 1856 ; 
 ' Sinai and Palestine,' 1856 (3rd edn. 
 same year) ; * Three Introductory 
 Lectures on the Study of Ecclesias- 
 tical History,' 1857 ; 'The Unity of 
 Evangelical and Apostolical Teaching,' 
 1859 ; 'Freedom and Labour,' 1860 ; 
 •Lectures on the Histor} of the Eastern 
 Church,' 1861; 'Sermons preached 
 before . . . the Prince of Wales during 
 his tour in the East,' 1863 ; ' The 
 Bible, its Form and its Substance,' 
 1863 ; ' Lectures on the History of 
 the Jewish Church ' (3 pts.), 1863-76 ; 
 • A Letter to the Lord Bishop of 
 London,' 1863 ; 'The South African 
 Controversy,' 1867 ; * An Address on 
 the Connection of Church and State, ' 
 1868 (2nd edn. same year) ; 'Historical 
 Memorials of Westminster Abbey,' 
 1868 (2nd edn. same year); 'The 
 Three Irish Churches,' 1869 ; 'Essays' 
 1870 ; * The Athanasian Creed ' (from 
 ♦Contemp. Rev.'), 1871; 'The Na- 
 tional Thanksgiving,' 1872 ; 'Lectures 
 on the History of the Church of Scot- 
 land,' 1872 ; * The Early Christianity 
 of Northumbria' (from 'Good Words '), 
 1875 ; ' Inaugural Address at St. 
 Andrew's,' 1875 ; * Addresses and 
 Sermons delivered at St. Andrew's, 
 1877 ; Addresses and Sermons 
 delivered during a visit to the United 
 States,' 1879 ; ' Memoirs of Edward 
 and Catherine Stanley,' 1879 ; 
 ' Christian Institutions,' 1881. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Sermons on Special 
 Occasions,' 1882 ; * Sermons for 
 Children, 1887 ; ' Letters and Verses,' 
 ed. by R. E. Prothero, 1895. 
 
 He edited : T. Arnold's ' Miscel- 
 laneous Works,' 1845 ; * Addresses 
 and Charges of E. Stanley, Bishop of 
 Norwich,' 1851 ; T. Arnold's ' Travel- 
 ling Journals,' 1852 ; 'The Epistle of 
 St. Paul to the Corinthians' (2 vols.), 
 1855; 'The Utrecht Psalter: Re- 
 ports,' 1874 ; S. Greg's 'A Layman's 
 Legacy,' 1877 ; Bishop Thirlwall's 
 'Letters to a Friend,' 1881. 
 
 Life : by R. E. Prothero and Dean 
 Bradley, 1893. 
 
 STANL£T (Henry Morton), b. 1841. 
 Born [John Rowlands], near Denbigh, 
 28 Jan. 1841. Educated at parish 
 f^chool, St. Asaph. Pupil teacher, 
 1854-56. Sailed to New Orleans as 
 cabin-boy, 1856. Was adopted there 
 by a merchant of name of Stanley ; 
 as«<uraed name of Henry Morton 
 Stanley in place of his own. Served 
 in Confederate Army, 1861-62. In 
 Asia Minor as newspaper correspon- 
 dent, 1866. Foreign correspondent 
 for * New York Herald ' from 1867. 
 In Africa (rescue of Livingstone), 
 1871-72. Gold Medal, Geographical 
 Soc, 1873. Second exploration in 
 Africa (Descent of the Congo), 1874- 
 78. Palm of Officer of Public In- 
 struction, Paris, 28 June 1878. Third 
 exploration in Africa, 1879-84. Hon. 
 Freedom of City of London, 13 Jan. 
 1887. Fourth exploration in Africa 
 (Emin Pasha relief expedition), 1887- 
 89. Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 1890; 
 Hon. LL.D., Camb., 1890 ; Hon. 
 LL.D., Edinburgh, 1890 ; Hon. 
 D.C.L., Durham, 3890. Married 
 Dorothy Tennant, 12 July 1890. 
 Lectured in U.S.A., 1890-91 ; in Eng- 
 land, 1891 ; in Australia and New 
 Zealand, 1892. M.P. for North Lam- 
 beth, 1895. 
 
 Works : ' How I found Living- 
 stone,' 1872 (2nd edn. same year) ; 
 'My Kalulu,' 1873; 'Coomassie and 
 Magdala,' 1874; 'Through the Dark 
 Continent' (2 vols.), 1878; 'The 
 Congo' (2 vols.), 1885; ' My African 
 Travels ' (a lecture ; priv. ptd.), 1886 ; 
 ' The Rescue of Emin Pasha ' (a lec- 
 ture ; priv. ptd.), 1890 ; 'In Darkest 
 Africa' (2 vols.), 1890; 'Across 
 Africa ' (a lecture ; priv. ptd.), 1890 ; 
 ' The Great Forest of Central Africa ' 
 (a lecture; priv. ptd.), 1890; 'My 
 Dark Companions and their Strange 
 Stories,' 1893 ; ' My Early Travels 
 and Adventures,' 1895. 
 
 STEELE {Sir Richard), 1672-1729. 
 Born, in Dublin, March 1672. Early 
 education at Charterhouse, Nov. 1684 
 to Nov. 1689. Matric, Ch. Ch., Ox- 
 ford, 13 March 1690 ; Postmaster 
 Merton Coll., 1691. Left Oxford, 
 
STEPHEN 
 
 1694. T' ok no flegree. Entered the 
 army, 1695. Priv. Sec. to Lord 
 Cutts, 1696-97. Conrjmission in the 
 Guards, 1697. Play, 'The Eumral,' 
 produced at Drury Lane, Dec. 1701 ; 
 • The Lying Lover,' Dec. 1703 ; * The 
 Tender Husband,' April 1705. Mar- 
 ried (i.) Mrs. Margaret Stretch, 1705. 
 Gentleman -Waiter to Prince George 
 of Denmark, Aug. 1706 to Oct. 1708. 
 Wife died, Dec. 1706. Gazetteer, May 
 1707 to Oct. 1710. Married (ii.) 
 Mary Scurlock, Sept. 1 707. Contrib. 
 to 'The Muses Mercury,' 1707; to 
 ' Spectator,' March 1711 to Dec. 1714 ; 
 to 'Guardian,' March to Oct. 1713; 
 to 'The Englishman,' Oct. 1713 to 
 Nov. 1715. Commissioner of Stamp 
 Office, Jan. 1710 to June 1713. M.P. 
 for Stockbridge, 1713 ; expelled from 
 House of Commons on account of 
 passages in writings, 1714. Surveyor 
 of Royal Stables at Hampton Court, 
 
 1714. Lieutenant for County of 
 Middlesex, and J. P., 1714. Governor 
 of Royal Company of Comedians, 
 1715-20. Knighted, 1715. M.P. 
 for Boronghbridge, 1715. Commis- 
 sioner of Forfeited Estates in Scotland, 
 
 1715. Edited ' The Theatre ' (under 
 pseud. 'Sir John Edgar'), Jan. to 
 April 1720. M.P. for Wendover, 
 March 1722. Comedy, 'The Conscious 
 Lovers,' produced at Drury Lane, 
 Nov. 1722. Later years spent in re- 
 tirement, mainly in Wales. Died at 
 Carmarthen, 1 Sept. 1729. 
 
 Works: 'The Procession' (anon.), 
 16G5 ; * The Christian Hero,' 1701 ; 
 ' The Funeral,' 1702 ; « The Lying 
 Lover,' 1704 ; ' The Tender Husbai d,' 
 1705 ; ' Letter to Dr. Sacheverell ' 
 (under pseud. 'Isaac Bickerstaflf '), 
 1709; 'The Tatler' (under pseud. 
 'Isaac Bickerstaff,' 4 vols.), 1709-11 ; 
 Contributions to * The Spectator,' 
 1711-14; to 'The Guardian,' 1713; 
 to 'The Englishman,' 1713-15 ; 'The 
 Importance of Dunkirk Considered,' 
 1713; 'The Englishman's Thanks to 
 the Duke of Marlborough ' (anon.), 
 1712 ; ' The Crisis,' 1713 ; ' Letter to 
 the Tongue-loosed Doctor ' (under 
 pseud. ' Isaac Bickerstaff ') 1713 ; 
 •Speech on the proposal of Sir T. 
 
 Haniner for Speaker,' 1714; 'Letter 
 to a Member of Parliament,' 1714 ; 
 ' Apoh^gy for Himself and his Writ- 
 ings,' 1714 ; * A Defence of drinking 
 to the pious memory of K. Charles I.,' 
 
 1714 ; ' Romish Ecclesiastical History 
 of Late Years,' 1714 ; * Letter from 
 the Earl of Mar to the King,' 1715 ; 
 ' The Lover ; to which is added, the 
 Reader,' 1715; 'Political Writing.-,' 
 
 1715 ; 'Town-Talk' (9 nos.), 1715-16 ; 
 ' Chit - Chat ' (under pseud. ' Hum- 
 phrey Philroye '), 1716 ; ' The British 
 Subjects' Answer to the Pretender's 
 Declaration,' 1716 ; 'Speech for Re- 
 pealing of the Triennial Act,' 1716 ; 
 'The Tea Table,' 1716 ; ' An Account 
 of the Fish-Pool ' (with J. Gilmore), 
 1718 ; 'Letter to the Earl of O— d,' 
 1719; 'The Spinster,' 1719; 'The 
 Antidote' (2 nos. ; anon.), 1719; 'In- 
 quiry into the Manner of Creating 
 Peers ' (anon.), 1719 ; ' The Plebeian ' 
 (anon.), 1719 ; ' The Theatre ' (under 
 pseud. ' Sir J.-hn Edgar '), 1720 ; 
 •The Crisis of Poverty,' 1720; 'A 
 Nation a Family,' 1720 ; 'The D— n 
 of W— r still the same ' (anon. ), 1720 ; 
 ' State of the Case between the Lord 
 Chamberlain, etc.,' 1720 ; 'The Con- 
 scions Lovers,' 1723 ; * Dramatick 
 Works,' 1723; ' Woods' Melancbolly 
 Complaint' (anon.), 1725. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Epistolary Corres- 
 pondence,' ed. by J. Nichols, 1787. 
 
 He translated : Cerri's ' Account of 
 the State of the Roman Catholic Re- 
 ligion,' 1715; and edited: 'Poetical 
 Miscellanies,' 1714 ; * The Ladies' 
 Library,' 1714. 
 
 lAfe : by G. A. Aitken, 1889. 
 
 STEPHEN (James Kennetli), 1859- 
 1892. Born, in London, 25 Feb. 
 1859. At schools at Southborough 
 and Thorpe Mandeville, 1868-71 ; at 
 Eton, 1871-78. Matric, King's Coll., 
 Camb., as Scholar, 1878 ; B.A., 1882. 
 Student of Inner Temple, 13 Nov. 
 1880 ; called to Bar, 25 June 1884. 
 Private historical tutor to Duke of 
 Clarence for three months in 1883. 
 Fellow of King's Coll., Camb., 1885. 
 Contrib. to ' St. James's Gaz.,' * Sat. 
 Rev.,' 'Pall Mall Gaz.,' and other 
 
STEPHEN-STEVENSON 
 
 periodicals, from 1886. Started ' The 
 Reflector,' 1888. Clerk of Assize for 
 South Wales Circuit, 1888-90. Resided 
 at Cambridge, 1891. Died, 3 Feb. 
 1892. 
 
 Works : * International Law and 
 International Relations,' 1884 ; 'The 
 Living Languages,' 1891 ; * Lapsus 
 Calami' (under initials : * J. K. S.'), 
 1891 (4th edn. same year) ; * Quo 
 Musa Tendis V 1891. 
 
 Collected Works : ' Lapsus Calami, 
 and other verses,' ed. by Sir H. 
 Stephen, 1896. 
 
 STEPHEN (Leslie), b. 1832. Born, 
 
 in Kensington, 28 Nov. 1832. Early 
 education at Eton and at King's Coll., 
 London. Matric.,Trin. Hall, Camb., 
 1851; B.A., 1854 ; M.A., 1857; 
 Fellow Trin. Hall, 1855. Left Cam- 
 bridge and settled in London, 1864. 
 Married (i. ) Harriet Marion Thackeray, 
 1864 ; she died, 1875. Editor of 
 ♦Cornhill Mag.,' 1871-82. Married 
 (ii.) Julia Prinsep Duckworth, 1878. 
 Editor of 'Diet, of Nat. Biog.,' 1882- 
 91. Clark Lecturer in English Litera- 
 ture, Camb., 1883-84. LL.D., Camb. 
 Hon. Fellow Trin. Hall, Camb. Pres. 
 of Ethical Society. 
 
 Works: 'Sketches from Cambridge' 
 (anon.), 1865 ; 'The "Times" on the 
 American "War ' (under initials : 
 ' L. S.'), 1865 ; ' The Play-Ground of 
 Europe,' 1871 ; 'Essays onFreethink- 
 ing,' 1873 ; ' Hours in a Library ' (3 
 vols.), 1874-79 ; 'History of English 
 Thought in the Eighteenth Century ' 
 (2 vols.), 1876; 'Samuel Johnson,' 
 1878 ; 'Alexander Pope,' 1880 ; 'The 
 Science of Ethics,' 1882; 'Swift,' 
 1882 ; ' Life of Henry Fawcett,' 1885; 
 • What is Materialism V 1886 ; ' An 
 Agnostic's Apology,' 1893 ; ' The Life 
 of Sir James Fitz- James Stephen,' 
 1895 ; 'Social Rights and Duties' (2 
 vols.), 1896. 
 
 He has translated: Berlepsch's 'The 
 Alps,' 1861 ; and edited : W. K. 
 Cliflford's ' Lectures and Essays ' (with 
 Sir F. Pollock), 1879 ; Fielding's 
 Works, 1882 ; Richardson's Works, 
 1883; 'Dictionary of National Bio- 
 graphy,' vols, i.-xxvi., 1885-91. 
 
 STERNE (Laurence), 1713-1768. 
 Born, at Clonmel, 24 Nov. 1713. At 
 school at Halifax, 1723-31. Matric, 
 Jesus Coll., Camb., 1732 ; Sizarship, 
 July 1733 ; Scholar, July 1734 ; B.A., 
 Jan. 1736 ; M.A., 1740. Ordained 
 Deacon, March 1736 ; Priest, Aug. 
 1738. Vicar of Sutton-on-the- Forest, 
 Yorks., 1738. Prebendary of York 
 Cathedral, Jan. 1741. Married Eliza- 
 beth Lumley, 30 March 1741. Vicar 
 of Stiliington, 1741. Curate of Cox- 
 wold, Yorks., 1760. Lived mainly 
 in France, 1762-67. Died, in London, 
 18 March 1768. Buried in Burial 
 Ground of St. George's, Hanover 
 Square. 
 
 Works : 'The Case of Elijah and 
 the Widow of Zarephath considered,' 
 1747 ; 'The Abuses of Conscience,' 
 1750; 'The Life and Opinions of 
 Tristram Shandy ' (9 vols.), 1759-67 ; 
 'The Sermons of Mr. Yorick' (7 vols.), 
 1760-69 ; * A Sentimental Journey 
 through France and Italy, by Mr. 
 Yorick' (2 vols.), 1768. 
 
 Posthumous : ' The History of a 
 Good Warm Watch-Coat,' 1769 ; 
 * Letters ... to his Most Intimate 
 Friends,' ed. by his daughter (3 vols.), 
 1775 ; 'Letters from Yorick to Eliza,' 
 
 177{ 
 
 * Letters to his Friends on 
 
 various occasions, 1775 ; ' Original 
 Letters, never before published,' 1788 ; 
 ' Seven Letters written by Sterne and 
 his Friends, hitherto unpublished ' 
 (priv. ptd.), 1844. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by G. Saints- 
 burv (6 vols.), 1894. 
 
 Life : by P. H. Fitzgerald, 1864. 
 
 STEVENSON (Robert Louis Bal- 
 four), 1850-1884. Born, in Edinburgh, 
 13 Nov. 1850. Educated at private 
 schools, and at Edinburgh University. 
 Originally intended for profession of 
 Engineer. Gave it up, and studied 
 Law ; was called to Scottish Bar. 
 Owing to ill-health, did not practise. 
 Travelled on Continent, and in 
 America. Married Mrs. Fanny Van 
 de Grift Osbourne, 1880. Settled 
 in Samoa, Oct. 1880. Died there, 
 8 Dec. 1894. Buried there. 
 
 Works: 'The Pentland Rising* 
 
270 
 
 STILL— STOWE 
 
 (anon.), 1866 ; 'The Charity Bazaar' 
 (anon,) [1868]; * An Inland Voyage,' 
 1878; 'Edinburgh,' 1879 [1878]; 
 ' Travels with a Donkey in the 
 Cevennes,' 1879; 'Virginibus Puer- 
 isque,' 1881 ; ' Not I, and other poems * 
 (priv. ptd.), 1881 ; * Familiar Studies 
 of Men and Books,' 1882 ; * New 
 Arabian Nights," 1882; 'Treasure 
 Island,' 1883; 'The Silverado Squat- 
 ters,' 1883; *A Child's Garden of 
 Verses,' 1885 (2nd edn. same year) ; 
 
 • Prince Otto,' 1886 ; 'The Dynamiter ' 
 (with his wife), 1885; 'The Strange 
 Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,' 
 1886; 'Kidnapped,' 1886; 'Ticou- 
 deroga' (priv. ptd.), 1887; 'The 
 Merry Men,' 1887; 'Underwood's,' 
 1887 ; ' Memories and Portraits,' 1887 ; 
 ' The Black Arrow,' 1888 ; * The 
 Wrong Box ' (with L. Osbourne),1889 ; 
 •The Master of Ballantrae,' 1889; 
 'Ballads,' 1890; 'Father Damien,' 
 1890; 'The Wrecker' (with L. 
 Osbourne) [1892]; 'Three Plays' 
 (with W. E. Henley), 1892 ; 'Across 
 the Plains,' 1892 ; ' A Footnote to 
 History,' 1892 ; ' Catriona,' 1893 ; 
 'Island Nights' Entertainments,' 1893 ; 
 ' The Ebb-Tide ' (with L. Osbourne), 
 1894; 'Macaire '(with W. E. Henley), 
 1895. 
 
 Posthumous : 'Vailima Letters,' ed. 
 by Sidney Colvin, 1895; 'Songs of 
 Travel, and other verses,' ed. by 
 Sidney Colvin, 1896 ; ' Weir of Her- 
 miston,' ed. by Sidney Colvin, 1896 ; 
 
 • St Ives ' (unfinished ; completed by 
 A. T. Quiller-Couch), 1897. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by Sidney 
 Colvin, 1894, etc. 
 
 STILL (John), Bishop of Bath 
 and Wells, 1543(?)-1608. Born, at 
 Grantham, 1543[?]. Educated at 
 Christ Coll. , Camb. Lady Margaret's 
 Prof, of Divinity, Camb., 1750. Pre- 
 bendary of Westminster, 1573. Master 
 of St. John's Coll., Camb., 1574 ; of 
 Trin. Coll., Camb., 1577. Archdeacon 
 of Sudbury, March 1577. Bishop of 
 Bath and Wells, Feb, 1593. Died, 26 
 Feb. 1608. 
 
 Works : ' A ryght pithy, pleasant, 
 and merie Comedy, intytuled Gammer 
 
 Gurton's Needle . . . Made by Mr. S., 
 Master of Art,' 1575. 
 
 STOWE (Mrs. Harriet Elizabeth 
 Beecher), 1812-1896. Born [Harriet 
 Elizabeth Beecher Beecher], at Litch- 
 field, Conn., 14 June 1812. At school 
 kept by her sister at Hartford, as 
 scholar and teacher, 1824-32. Re- 
 moved, with her father, to Cincinnati, 
 1832. Married to Rev. Calvin Ellis 
 Stowe, Jan. 1836. Contrib. 'Uncle 
 Tom's Cabin,' as serial, to ' National 
 Era,' 1851-52. Removed to Andover, 
 where her husband was Prof, of 
 Sacred Lit., 1852. Visits to Europe, 
 1853, 56, 59. Removed to Hartford, 
 1864. Part-editor of 'Hearth and 
 Home,' 1868. Contrib. paper on 'Lady 
 Byron 'to 'Atlantic Monthly,' Sept. 
 1869. Husband died there, 22 Aug. 
 1886. Failing health in later years. 
 Died, at Hartford, Conn., 1 July 1896. 
 Works : ' Uncle Tom's Cabin ' (from 
 'National Era'), 1852; «A Kev to 
 Uncle Tom's Cabin,' 1853 ; * A ?eep 
 into Uncle Tom's Cabin ; for Children,' 
 1853; 'Sunny Memories of Foreign 
 Lands' (2 vols.), 1854; 'Geography 
 for My Children,' 1855 ; ' The Chris- 
 tian Slave : a drama' (dramatized from 
 'Uncle Tom's Cabin'), 1855 ; 'Dred,* 
 1856 (another edn., called 'Nina 
 Gordon,' 1866) ; ' Our Charley,' 1858 ; 
 'The Minister's Wooing,' 1859 ; 'The 
 Pearl of Orr's Island,' 1862 ; * Reply 
 on Behalf of the Women of America,' 
 1863; 'The Ravages of a Carpet,' 
 1864 ; ' House and Home Papers ' 
 (under pseud. ' Christopher Crow- 
 field'), 1864 ; ' Religious Poems,' 1865 ; 
 'Stories about our Dogs,' 1865 ; 'Little 
 Foxes,' 1865; 'Queer Little People,' 
 1867 ; • Daisy's First Winter,' 1867 ; 
 ' The Chimney Corner ' (under pseud. 
 'Christopher Crowfield '), 1868 ; 'Men 
 of Our Times,' 1868 ; 'The American 
 Woman's Home' (with C, E. Beecher), 
 1869 ; 'Old-Town Folks,' 1869; 'Lady 
 Byron vindicated,' 1869 ; ' Little Pussy 
 Willow,' 1870; 'Pink and White 
 Tyranny,' 1871 ; 'Sam Lawson's Fire- 
 side Stories,' 1871 ; ' My Wife and 
 I,' 1872; 'Palmetto Leaves,' 1873; 
 ' Betty's Bright Idea,' 1876 ; ' We and 
 our Neighbours,' 1875 ; 'Footsteps of 
 
STUBBS— SUCKLING 
 
 271 
 
 the Master,' 1876 ; ' Bible Heroines,' 
 1878; 'Poganuc People," 1878; 'A 
 Dog's Mission,' 1881. 
 
 Life : [to the year 1888] by her son, 
 C. E. Stowe, 1889. 
 
 STUBBS (William), Bishop of Ox- 
 fordf b. 1825. Born, at Knares- 
 borough, 21 June 1826. At Ripon 
 Grammar School, Sept. 1839 to Dec. 
 1843. Matric, Ch. Oh., Oxford, 23 
 April 1844 ; Servitor, 1844-48 ; B.A., 
 1848 ; Fellow of Trin. Ooll., 1848-51 ; 
 M.A., 1851. Ordained Deacon, 1848 ; 
 Priest, 1850 ; Vicar of Navestock, 
 Essex, 1850-67. Married Catherine 
 Dellar, 20 June 1859. Diocesan In- 
 spector of Schools, Rochester, 1860-66. 
 Librarian and Keeper of MSS., 
 Lambeth, 1862-67. Regius Prof, of 
 Modern Hist., Oxford, 1866-84; 
 Fellow of Oriel Coll., 1867-84 ; Curator 
 of Bodleian Lib., 1868; Select 
 Preacher, 1870 ; Mem. of Hebdomadal 
 Council, 1872. Rector of Cholderton, 
 Wilts., 1875-79. Hon. Fellow, Balliol 
 CoU., Oxford, 1876; Hon. Student, 
 Ch. Ch., 1878 ; D.D. (by decree), 10 
 June 1879. Hon. LL.D., Camb., 
 1879. Canon of St. Paul's, 1879-84. 
 Hon. LL.D., Edinburgh, 1880. Mem. 
 of Royal Commission on Ecclesiastical 
 Courts, 1881. Bishop of Chester, 
 1884-88. Pres. of Surtees Soc, 1884. 
 Mem. of Royal Commission on His- 
 torical MSS., 1886. Hon. Doc, 
 Heidelberg, 1886. Bishop of Oxford, 
 1888. Hon. Fellow, Oriel Coll., 
 Oxford, 1888. Hon. LL.D., Dublin, 
 1890. Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 1893. 
 Hon. Mem. Royal Soc. of Science, Got- 
 tingen, 1872 ; of Historical Soc. of 
 Massachusetts, 1876 ; Foreign Mem. 
 of Royal Bavarian Acad., 1880 ; of 
 American Acad, of Arts, 1881 ; 
 Corresp. Mem. of Royal Prussian 
 Acad., 1882 ; Hon. Mem. Imp. Univ., 
 Kieff, 1884 ; of Royal Danish Acad., 
 1885 ; Corresp. Mem. of Institute of 
 France, 1887 ; of American Philo- 
 sophical Soc, 1891 ; Fellow of Royal 
 Boc of Edinburgh, 1892. 
 
 Works [exclusive of separate ser- 
 mons]; 'Registrum Sacrum Angli- 
 canum,' 1858 ; ' Chronicles and Me- 
 
 morials of the Reign of Richard I.,* 
 1865 ; * An Address delivered by way 
 of Inaugural Lecture,' 1867 ; * The 
 Constitutional History of England' 
 (3 vols.), 1874-78 ; ' The Early Plan- 
 tagenets,' 1876 ; 'Seventeen Lectures 
 on the study of Mediaeval and Modern 
 History,' 1886. 
 
 He has edited : ' The Foundation of 
 Waltham Abbey,' 1861 ; J. L. von 
 Mosheim's 'Institutes of Ecclesiastical 
 History,' 1863 ; * Chronicles and Me- 
 morials of the Reign of Richard I.' (2 
 vols.), 1864-65 ; 'Gesta Regis Henrici 
 Secundi,' 1867 ; ' Chronica Magistri 
 Rogeri de Hovendene,' 1868 ; 'Councils 
 and Ecclesiastical Documents relating 
 to Great Britain and Ireland' (with 
 A. W. Haddan), 1869 ; * Select 
 Charters and other illustrations of 
 English Constitutional History,' 1870 ; 
 C.^Hardwick's * History of the Chris- 
 tian Church,' 1872 ; • Memoriale 
 Fratris Walteri de Coventria,' 1872, 
 etc. ; ' Memorials of St. Dunstan,' 
 1874 ; ' Radulfi de Diceto . . . Opera 
 Historica,' 1876, etc. ; * The Historical 
 Works of Gervase of Canterbury,' 
 1879, etc. ; ' Chronicles of the Reigns 
 of Edward I. and Edward II.' (2 
 vols.), 1882-83; E. Guest's ' Origines 
 Calticae' (with C. Deedes), 1883; 
 ' Willelemi Malmesbiriensis de Regimi 
 gestis Anglorum, etc.,' 1887, etc. 
 
 SUCKLING {Sir John), 1609-40[1] 
 Born, at Whitton, Middlesex, 1609 ; 
 baptized, 10 Feb. 1609. Matric, Trin. 
 Coll., Camb., 1623. Went abroad, 
 1628. Fought in the army of Gustavus 
 Adolphus, 1631. Knighted, about 
 1635[?]. Raised a troop of horse for 
 Charles I., 1639. Retired to Con 
 tinent, to escape impeachment for 
 High Treason, 1641. Died, in France, 
 about 1640[?]. 
 
 Works: 'Sessions of the Poets,' 
 1637 ; ' Aglaura,' 1637 ; ' The Discon- 
 tented Colonell,' 1639. 
 
 Posthumous : ' A Coppy of a Letter 
 found in the privy lodgeings at White- 
 hall ' (anon.), 1641 ; ' The Coppy of a 
 Letter written to the lower house of 
 Parliament' (anon.), 1641; 'Frag- 
 menta Aurea,' 1646 ; ' The Goblius,' 
 
272 
 
 SURREY-SWIFT 
 
 1646 ; * Letters to Several Persons of 
 Honour,' 1659 ; 'The Sad One,' 1659 ; 
 * Last Remains,' 1659. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. with memoir, 
 by W. C. Hazlitt (2 vols.), 1874. 
 
 SURREY, Henry Howard, Earl 
 of, 1516[?]-1547. Bom, probably at 
 Kenninghall, Norfolk, 1516[?]. Pos- 
 sibly educated at Oh. Oh., Oxford. 
 Married Lady Francis Vere, 1535. 
 Knighted, Oct. 1536. K.G., April 
 1542. With the army in Scotland, 
 1542. Field- Marshal of English army 
 on the Continent, 1544. Summoned 
 back to England, 1546. Executed, on 
 a charge of high treason, 19 Jan. 1547. 
 
 Works [posthumous]; 'Poems' in 
 ' Tottel's Miscellany,' 1557 ; ' Songes 
 and Sonettes,' 1567 ; * Works,' ed. ^y 
 G. F. Nott, 1815. 
 
 He trandatcd : Virgil's ' -^neid,' 
 bks. ii. and iv., 1537. 
 
 SWIFT (Jonathan), 1667-1745. 
 Born, in Dublin, 30 Nov. 1667. At 
 school at Kilkenny, 1673-82. Matric, 
 Trin. Coll., Dublin, as Pensioner, 24 
 April 1682 ; B.A. 1686. Emigrated 
 to England, and joined his mother at 
 Leicester, 1688. Lived in house of 
 Sir W. Temple, at Moor Park, as his 
 Secretary, and Tutor to Esther John- 
 son, 1689-92. Entered at Hart Hall, 
 Oxford, 14 June 1692 ; M.A., 5 July 
 1692. Ordained Deacon, 18 Oct. 
 1694 ; Priest, 13 Jan. 1695. Pre- 
 bend of Kilroot, Ireland, 1695. Re- 
 turned to Moor Park, 1696-98. To 
 Dublin, as Chaplain to Earl of Berke- 
 ley, 1699 ; Rector of Agher, and 
 Vicar of Laracor and Rathbeggan, 
 March 1699. Prebend of Dunlaviu, 
 1700. Returned to England with 
 Earl of Berkeley, 1701. B.D. and 
 D.D., Dublin, 1702. Subsequent life 
 spent partly in Ireland, partly in 
 England. Edited 'The Examiner,' 
 Nov. 1710 to June 1711. Founded 
 the Brothers' Club, 1711 ; the Scrib- 
 lerus Club, 1712. Dean of St. Pat- 
 rick's, 23 Feb. 1713. Friendship 
 with Esther Johnson [*' Stella "] be- 
 gun, 1700. Friendship with Esther 
 Vanhomrigh ["Vanessa"] begun, 
 1710 ; she died, 1723. Contributed 
 
 to 'London,' 1734. Mind began to 
 give way, 1737. Died, in Dublin, 19 
 Oct. 1745. Buried in St. Patrick's 
 Cathedral. 
 
 WorJc8 : * A Discourse of the Con- 
 tests . . . between the Nobles and 
 the Commons, etc.' (anon.), 1701 ; 
 * A Tale of a Tub ' (anon.), 1704 ; 
 ' Predictions ' (under pseud. : ' Isaac 
 Bickerstaflf'), 1707 ; 'Vindication' of 
 preceding, 1709 ; * Meditation upon 
 a Broomstick ' (anon.), 1710 ; * A 
 New Journey to Paris ' (under pseud. 
 'Sieur Du Baudrier'), 1711 ; 'Mis- 
 cellanies,' 1711 ; • The Conduct of the 
 Allies' (anon.), 1711; 'Some advice 
 ... to the Members of the October 
 Club' (anon.), 1712; 'Letter to the 
 Lord High Treasurer,' 1712 ; ' A Pro- 
 posal for Correcting . . . the English 
 Tongue,' 1721 ; 'Some Reasons to 
 prove that no person is obliged, by 
 his principles as a Whig, to oppose 
 Her Majesty' (anon.), 1712; 'The 
 Publick Spirit of the Whigs ' (anon.). 
 
 1714 ; 'A Preface to the B p of 
 
 S— r — m's Introduction' (under pseud. 
 'Gregory Misosarum '), 1713; 'The 
 Conduct of the Purse of Ireland,' 
 1714; 'Essays,' 1714; 'The Art of 
 Punning,' 1719; 'Proposal for tlio 
 Universal Use of Irish Manufacture « ' 
 (anon.), 1720; 'Defence of English 
 Commodities,' 1720; 'Ri^jht of Pre- 
 cejence' (anon.), 1720; 'The Won- 
 derful Wonder of Wonders' (anon.) 
 [1720 ?] ; ' Letter of Advice to a 
 Young Poet,' 1721; 'Letter to a 
 Gentleman lately entered into Holy 
 Orders,' 1721 ; 'The Journal' (anon.), 
 1722 ; 'Letter from a Lady of Quality ' 
 (anon,), 1724 ; Two Letters under 
 p^end. 'M. B. Drapier,' 1724; 'Gulli- 
 ver's Travels' (anon.), 1726; ' Ca- 
 denus and Vanessa' (anon.), 1726; 
 ' The Intelligencer ' (with Sheridan), 
 
 1729 ; ♦ The Journal of a Modern 
 Lady' (anon.), 1729; 'Proposal for 
 Preventing the Children of the Poor 
 from being a Burthen, etc' (anon.), 
 
 1730 ; ' The Presbyterians' plea . . . 
 examined ' (anon.), 1731 ; * The Ad- 
 vantages proposed by repealing the 
 Sacramental Test, etc.,' 1732; 'On 
 Poetry' (anon.), 1733; 'Scheme for 
 
SWINBURNE— SYMONDS 
 
 273 
 
 a Hospital for Incurables' (anon.), 
 1733; ' Poems on Several Occasions,' 
 1734; 'Proposals for erecting a Pro- 
 testant Nunnery in the City of Dub- 
 lin' (an.>' .), 1736 ; 'The Beast's Con 
 fessit n 1 the Priest,' 1738 ; ' Complete 
 Collection of Genteel and Ingenious 
 Conversation' (under pseud. 'Simon 
 Wagstaflf'), 1738 ; 'An Imitation of 
 the Sixth Sati) e of the Second Book 
 of Horace' 1738; 'Verses on the 
 Death of Dr. Swift, written by him- 
 self,' 1739 ; • Some Free Thoughts 
 upon the Present State of Affairs ' 
 (anon.), 1741; 'Literary Corre- 
 spondence,' 1741; 'Three Sermons,' 
 1744 ; ♦ The Difficulty of Knowing 
 One's Self,' 1745. [Also a number of 
 small controversial tracts, anonymous 
 ballade printed on single sheets, etc.] 
 
 Posthumous : ' Brotherly Love,' 
 1754 ; ' History of the Four Last 
 Years of the Queen,' 1758 ; 'Letters ' 
 (3 vols.), 1767; 'Letters' (6 vols.), 
 1761-69; 'Sermons '[1790?]. 
 
 He edited: Sir W. Temple's Letters, 
 1700 ; Sir W. Temple's Works, 1720 ; 
 Arbuthnot and Pope's 'Miscellaneous 
 Works,' 1742. 
 
 Collected WorTcs : ed. by Sir Walter 
 Scott (19 vols.). 1814. 
 
 Life : by H. Craik, 1882 ; by J. 
 Churton Collins, 1895. 
 
 SWINBURNE (Algernon Charles), 
 b. 1837. Born, in London, 5 April 
 1837. Early education in France. 
 At Eton, 1849-53. Matric, Balliol 
 Coll., Oxford, 24 Jan. 1856. Con- 
 trib. to 'Undergraduate Papers,' 
 1857-58. Took no degree. Left Ox- 
 ford, 1860 ; afterwards spent some 
 time in Italy. Contrib. to 'Once-a- 
 Week,' Feb. to Sept. 1862 ; to ' Fort- 
 nightly Rev.,' from 1870; to 'The 
 Dark Blue,' 1871; to 'Nineteenth 
 Century,' 'Athenaeum,' 'Gentleman's 
 Mag.,' 'Encycl. Brit.,' etc. Of late 
 has resided near London. 
 
 WorJcs : ' The Queen - Mother ; 
 Rosamond,' 1860 ; ' Dead Love,' 1864 ; 
 ' Atalanta in Calydon,' 1865 ; ' Chaste- 
 lard,' 1865 ; 'Cleopatra,' 1866; 'Un- 
 published Verses ' (priv. ptd.) [1866] ; 
 • Poems and Ballads,' 1st series, 1866; 
 
 2nd series, 1878 ; 3rd series, 1889 ; 
 ' Notes on Poems and Reviews,' 1866; 
 'A Song of Italy,' 1867 ; 'Appeal to 
 England against the Execution of the 
 Condemned Fenians ' (from ' Morning 
 Star '), 1867 ; ' Siena,' 1868; ' William 
 Blake,' 1868 (2nd edn., same year) ; 
 ' Ode on the Proclamation of the 
 French Republic,' 1870 ; ' Songs be- 
 fore Sunrise,' 1871 ; 'Under the Mi- 
 croscope,' 1872; 'Bothwell,' 1874; 
 ' Essays and Studies,' 1875 ; ' George 
 Chapman,' 1875; 'Songs of Two 
 Nations,' 1875 ; 'Note of an English 
 Republican on the Muscovite Crusade,' 
 1876; 'Erectheus,' 1876; 'Note on 
 Charlotte Bronte,' 1877; 'A Study 
 of Shakespeare,' 1880 [1879]; 'The 
 Heptalogia ' (anon.), 1880; 'Studies 
 in Song,' 1880 ; ' Songs of the Spiing- 
 t^des,' 1880 ; 'Dolorida' (in French ; 
 priv. ptd.) [1880?]; 'Mary Stuart,' 
 1881 ; ' Tristram of Lyonesse,' 1882 ; 
 'A Century of Roundels,' 1883 ; 'A 
 Midsummer Holiday,' 1884 ; 'Marino 
 Faliero,' 1885; 'A Word for the 
 Navy,' 1886; 'A Study of Victor 
 Hugo,' 1886; 'Miscellanies,' 1886; 
 ' The Jubilee, 1887,' 1887 ; * Locrine,' 
 1887; 'The Ballad of Dead Man's 
 Bay' (priv. ptd.), 1889; 'The Bro- 
 thers,' 1889 ; 'A Study of Ben Jon- 
 son,' 1889 ; 'A Sequence of Sonnets 
 on the Death of Robert Browning ' 
 (priv. ptd.), 1890; 'The Sisters,' 
 1892; 'Grace Darling' (priv. ptd.), 
 1893 ; ' The Ballad of Bulgarie ' 
 (priv. ptd.), 1893 ; ' Studies in Prose 
 and Poetry,' 1894; 'Robert Burns' 
 (priv. ptd.), 1896; 'The Tale of 
 Balen,' 1896. 
 
 He has edited : Byron's Poems, se- 
 lected, 1866; Coleridge's 'Christabel,' 
 1869 ; C. J. Wells' ' Joseph and his 
 Brethren,' 1876 ; Herrick's Poems, 
 1891. 
 
 SYMONDS (John Addington), 1840- 
 1893. Born, at Bristol, 5 Oct. 1840. 
 At Harrow School, May 1854 to 1858. 
 Matric, Balliol Coll., Oxford, 28 May 
 1858 ; Exhibitioner, 1859-62 ; New- 
 disrate Prize, 1860; B.A., 1862; 
 Feilow of Magdalen Coll., 1862-64 ; 
 English Essay Prize, 1863 ; M.A., 
 18 
 
274 
 
 TALFOURD 
 
 1866. Student of Lincoln's Inn, 1862. 
 Married Janet Catherine North, 10 
 Nov. 1864. Settled in London. Fre- 
 quent visits to Continent. Removed 
 to Clifton, Nov. 1868. Removed to 
 Davos Platz, Switzerland, for health, 
 1876. Resided there for greater part 
 of each year, till his death. Died, in 
 Rome, 19 April 1893. 
 
 Works : ' The Escorial,' 1860 ; 'The 
 Renaissance,' 1863 ; ' An Introduc- 
 tion to the Study of Dante,' 1872 ; 
 
 • The Renaissance of Modem Europe,' 
 1872; 'Studies of the Greek Poets,' 
 1st series, 1873 ; 2nd series, 1876 ; 
 
 • Sketches in Italy and Greece,' 1874; 
 'The Renaissance in Italy' (5 pts.), 
 1875-86 ('The Age of the Despots,' 
 1875; 'The Revival of Learning,' 
 1877 ; ' The Fine Arts,' 1877 ; ' Italian 
 Literature, ' 2 vols., 1881 ; ' The Catho- 
 lic Reaction,' 2 vols., 1886); 'Many 
 Moods,' 1878; 'Shelley: a Biography,' 
 1878 ; 'Sir Philip Sidney,' 1878 ; 
 'Sketches and Studies in Italy,' 1879; 
 
 • New and Old,' 1880 ; ' Animi Figura,' 
 1882; 'Italian Byways,' 1883; 
 'Shakspere's Predecessors in the 
 English Drama,' 1884; 'Vagabun- 
 duli Libellus,' 1884; 'Ben Jonson,' 
 1886 ; 'Essays' (2 vols.), 1890 ; 'Our 
 Life in the Swiss Highlands ' (with 
 his daughter Margaret), 1892 ; ' Life 
 of Michelangelo Buonarroti ' (2 vols.), 
 1893 [1892] ; 'In the Key of Blue,' 
 1893 ; • Walt Whitman,' 1893. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Blank Verse,' 1894 ; 
 'Giovanni Boccaccio as Man and 
 Author,' 1895 [1894]. 
 
 He translated : ' The Sonnets of 
 Michelangelo Buonarroti and Tom- 
 maso Campanella,' 1878 ; ' Wine, 
 Women and Song,' 1884; 'Life of 
 Benvenuto Cellini,' 1887 ; ' Memoirs 
 of Count Carlo Gozzi,' 1890. 
 
 He edited : J. A. Symonds (the 
 elder)'s 'Miscellanies,' 1871 ; J. Con- 
 ington's ' Miscellaneous Writings,' 
 1872 ; 'Selected Works of Ben Jon- 
 son,' 1886 ; and contributed itUroduc- 
 tions to : Sir T. Browne's * Religio 
 Medici,' 1886 ; ' The Best Plays of 
 Christopher Marlowe,' 1887; 'The 
 Best Plays of Thomas Hey wood,' 
 'The Best Plays of Webster 
 
 and Tourneur,' 1888; J. Van der 
 Straet's 'Dante' 1892. 
 
 Life : by Horatio F. Brown, 1895. 
 
 TALFOUSD {Sir Thomas Noon), 
 1795-1854. Born, at Doxey, near 
 Stafford, 26 Jan. 1795, Educated at 
 a school at Mill Hill, and at Reading 
 Grammar School. To London, to 
 study Law, 1813. On staff of ' Lon- 
 don Mag.' Contrib. to ' Edinburgh 
 Review,' 'Quarterly Review,' 'New 
 Monthly Mag.,' etc. Called to Bar 
 at Middle Temple, Feb. 1821. Mar- 
 ried Miss Rutt, 1821. Sergeant-at- 
 Law, 1835. M.P. for Reading, 1835- 
 41, 1847-49. Piay, 'Ion,' produced 
 at Covent Garden, 26 May 1836 ; 
 ' The Athenian Captive,' Hay market, 
 1838 ; • Glencoe,' Hay market, 23 May 
 1840. Hon. D C.L., Oxford, 20 June 
 1844. Recorder of Banbury, Queen's 
 Sergeant, 1846. Judge of Court of 
 Common Pleas, 1849-54. Knighted, 30 
 Jan. 1850. Died, suddenly, at Staf- 
 ford, 13 March 1854. 
 
 Works: 'Poems on Various Sub- 
 jects ' (anon.), 1811 ; * An Attempt 
 to estimate the Poetical Talent of the 
 Present Age,' 1815 ; ' Ion ' (priv. 
 ptd.), 1835 ; 'The Athenian Captive,' 
 1838 ; ' Observations on the Law of 
 Copyright,' 1838; 'Glencoe' (priv. 
 ptd.), 1839; 'Three Speeches . . . 
 in favour of an Extension of Copy- 
 right,' 1840; 'Speech for the De- 
 fendant in the Prosecution, the Queen 
 V. Moxon,' 1841 ; ' Recollections of a 
 first visit to the Alps' (priv. ptd.), 
 1841; 'Dramatic Works,' 1843; 
 'Vacation H ambles and Thoughts' 
 (2 vols.), 1845; ' The Castilian ' (anon.; 
 priv. ptd.), 1853; 'Supplement to 
 " Vacation Rambles," ' 1854. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Memoirs of Charles 
 Lamb,' edited (from memoirs by Tal- 
 fourd in his edns. of Lamb's ' Letters ' 
 and ' Fim,l Memorials ') by P. Fitz- 
 gerald, 1892. 
 
 He edited : W. D. Dickinson's 
 ' Practical Guide to the Quarter Ses- 
 sions,' 3rd edn., 1829; Chr^rles Lamb's 
 'Letters,' 1837; and 'Final Me- 
 morials,' 1848; W. F. Deacon's 
 'Annette.' 1852. 
 
TANNAHILL— TAYLOR 
 
 276 
 
 TANNAHILL (Robert), 1774-1810. 
 Born, in Paisley, 3 June 1774. Ap- 
 prenticed to his father (a weaver), 
 1785-90. In England, working as 
 weaver, 1800-02. Returned to Scot- 
 land, 1802. Contrib. verses to local 
 periodicals from 1805. Gained popu- 
 larity as song writer. Committed 
 suicide, 17 May 1810. 
 
 Work: 'The Soldier's Return,' 
 1807. 
 
 Posthumous : * Poems and Songs,' 
 1815 ; ' Works.' 1838. 
 
 TATE (Nahum), 1652-1716. Born, 
 in Dublin, 1652. Matric, Trin. Coll., 
 Dublin, 1668. Removed to London 
 a few years later ; devoted himself 
 to literature. Poet Laureate, 1692. 
 Edited 'The Monitor,' 1713. Died, 
 at Southwark, 12 Aug. 1715. 
 
 Works : * Poems,' 1677 ; ' Brutus 
 of Alba,' 1678 ; ' The Loyal General,' 
 1680 ; ' King Lear ' (altered from 
 Shakespeare), 1681; 'The Sicilian 
 Usurper ' (altered from Shakespeare), 
 1681 ; ' The Ingratitude of a Common- 
 Wealth ' (altered from Shakespeare), 
 1682 ; ' The Second Part of Absolom 
 and Achitophel ' (anon. ; with Dryden), 
 1682; 'Cuckolds-Haven,' 1685; 'A 
 Duke and no Duke,' 1685 ; ' On the 
 Sacred Memory of Our Late Sove- 
 reign,' 1685 ; ' A Poem occasioned by 
 the late Discontents,' 1691 ; • Cha- 
 racters of Virtue and Vice Described,' 
 1691 ; 'A Present for the Ladies,' 
 1693; 'Poem on the Late Promotion of 
 several eminent Persons, '1694; ' Elegy 
 on the Death of Archbishop Tillotson,' 
 1G95; 'Elegy on the Death of Queen 
 Mary,' 1695 ; 'Anniversary Ode,' 1698 ; 
 ♦Miscellanea Sacra,' 1698; 'Elegies,' 
 1699 ; ' Funeral Poems,' 1700 ; 'Pan- 
 acea, 1700 ; 'A Congratulatory Poem 
 on the New Parliament,' 1701 ; 
 ♦Portrait-Royal,' 1703; The Song 
 for New Year's Day,' 1703; 'The 
 Triumph,' 1705 ; ' Britannia's Prayer 
 for the Queen,' 1706 ; 'The Triumph 
 of Union,' 1707 ; 'A Congratulatory 
 Poem to . . . Prince George of Den- 
 mark,' 1708; 'An Essay for Pro- 
 moting of Psalmody,' 1710; 'The 
 
 Muse's Memorial,' 1712 ; * The Muse's 
 Bower,' 1713. 
 
 He translated : Ovid's ' Epistles,' 
 1683; Fracostoro's 'Syphilis,' 1686; 
 Bishop Heliodorus' 'Triumphs of 
 Love,' 1687 ; Cowley's ' History of 
 Plants,' 1693 ; 'The Life of Louis of 
 Bourbon,' 1693 ; Juveni'l's Satires 
 (with others), 1693 ; 'The Four Epis- 
 tles of A. G. Busbequius,' 1694 ; 'The 
 Psalms of David' (with N. Brady), 
 1696 ; Lucian's Works (with others), 
 1711; And edited : ♦ Poems by Several 
 Hands,' 1685 ; ' A Memorial for the 
 Learned,' 1686 ; Sir W. Petty's ' Po- 
 litical Anatomy of Ireland,' 1691 ; 
 Sir J. Da vies' ' The Original Nature 
 ... of the Soul,' 1697. 
 
 TAYLOR {Sir Henry), 1800-1886. 
 Born, at Bishop Middleham, Durham, 
 1800. Served in Navy as Midship- 
 man, 1814. To London, 1816. In 
 Civil employment for some years, in 
 London ; at Barbados for few months 
 in 1820. Settled in London, 1823. 
 Held post in Colonial Office, 1824-72. 
 Married the Hon. Theodosia Alicia 
 Ellen Frances Charlotte Spring-Rice, 
 1839. Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 2 July 
 1862. K.C.M.G., 30 June 1869. 
 Died, at Bournemouth, 27 March 
 1886. 
 
 Works: ' Isaac Comnenus ' (anon.), 
 1827 ; 'Philip Van Artevelde,' 1834; 
 « The Statesman,' 1836 ; 'Edwin the 
 Fair,' 1842 ; 'The Eve of the Con- 
 quest,' 1847 ; ' Notes from Life,' 1847; 
 ' Notes from Books,' 1849 ; ' The 
 Virgin Widow,' 1850 ; ' St. Clement's 
 Eve,' 1862; 'Poetical Works' (3 
 vols.), 1864 [1863]; 'A Sicilian 
 Summer,' 1868 ; ' Crime considered, 
 in a letter to the Rt. Hon. W. B. 
 Gladstone,' 1868; ' Autobiograohy 
 . . . 1800-1875' (2 vols.), 1885 (priv. 
 ptd., 1874-77); 'Works' (5 vols.), 
 1877-78. 
 
 Podhumous : ' Correspondence,' ed. 
 E. Dowden, 1888. 
 
 TAYLOR (Jeremy), Bishop oj 
 Domi, Connor and JDromore, 1613- 
 1667. Born, at Cambridge, 15 Au<^. 
 1613. At Cambridge Free School. 
 1616-26. Sizar, Gouville Pnd Caiua 
 18—2 
 
276 
 
 TAYLOR 
 
 Coll., Camb., 18 Aug. 1626 ; matric, 
 17 March 1627; B.A., 1631; M.A., 
 1634 ; Incorp. Fellow of All Souls Coll., 
 Oxford, 20 Oct. 1635. Ordained chap- 
 lain to Archbishop Laud. Chaplain to 
 Charles L, 1638. Rector of Upping- 
 ham, 1638-42. Married Phoebe Lan- 
 disdale, 27 May 1639. Created D.D. 
 from Brasenose Coll., Oxford, 1 Nov. 
 1642. With the King, as Chaplain, 
 during Civil War. Kept a school in 
 Wales, with W. Nicholson and W. 
 Wyatt, 1646-47. Chaplain to Earl of 
 Carbery, at Golden Grove, Carmarthen- 
 shire, 1647-57. Settled in Ireland, as 
 Rector of Lisbum and Portmore, 
 1658. Bishop of Down and Connor, 
 Jan. 1661. Privy Councillor, Ireland, 
 Feb. 1661. Bishop of Dromore, June 
 1661. Vice-Chancellor, Dublin Univ., 
 1661. Died, at Lisbum, 13 Aug. 1667. 
 Buried in Dromore Cathedral. 
 
 Works : * A Sermon preached . . . 
 in Oxford, upon the Anniversary of 
 the Gunpowder Treason,' 1638 ; 'Of 
 the Sacred Order and OflBces of Epis- 
 copacy,' 1642 ; 'A Discourse concern- 
 ing Prayer Extempore ' (anon.), 1646 ; 
 *A New and Easie Institution of 
 Grammar,' 1647 ; '0eoXo7ta'E/cXe>cTtK97,' 
 1647 ; 'Treatises' (4 pts.), 1648 ; 'An 
 Apology for . . . set forms of Liturgie,* 
 1649 ; 'The Great Exemplar,' 1649 ; 
 •The Martyrdom of King Charles I.,* 
 1649; 'Sermon at the Funeral of 
 Frances, Countess of Carbery,' 1650 ; 
 'The Rule and Exercises of Holy 
 Living,' 1650 ; ' The Rule and Exer- 
 cises of Holy Dying,' 1651 ; 'Twenty- 
 eight Sermons,' 1651; 'A Short 
 Catechii^m' (anon.), 1652; 'A Dis- 
 course of Baptism,' 1652 ; 'The Real 
 Presence,' 1654 ; ^'Eviavros,' (3 pts.), 
 1653-55 ; 'The Golden Grove '(anon.), 
 1655; 'Unum Necepsarium,' 1655; 
 ^ Deua Justificatus,' 1656 ; 'An Answer 
 to a Letter written by the Bishop of 
 Rochester,' 1656; 'A Discourse of 
 Auxiliary Beauty ' (anon.), 1656 ; ' A 
 Discourse of . . . Friendship ' (under 
 initials : J.T., D.D.), 1657 (2nd edn., 
 called : ' The Measure and Offices of 
 Friendship,' same year) ; ' Su^jSoXov 
 ^B.diKr]-Uo\€fUKOv,' 1Q57 ; 'TheEphesian 
 Matron' (anon.), 1659 ; 'DuctorDaLi- 
 
 tantium,' 1660 ; ' The Worthy Com- 
 municant,' 1660; 'Sermon preached 
 at the Consecration of two Arch- 
 bishops, etc.,' 1661 ; * Rules and 
 Advices to the Clergy of Down and 
 Connor,' 1661 ; 'A Sermon preached 
 at the Opening of Parliament,' 1661 ; 
 'Via Intelligentiae,' 1662; 'Sermon 
 preached at the Funeral of the Arch- 
 bishop of Armagh,' 1663 ; ''E/35oyuas 
 'Eyu/SoXtyuaioj ' (6 pts.), 1661-63; 'A 
 Dissuasive from Popery,' 1664 (3rd 
 edn. same year) ; ' Second Part ' of 
 preceding, 1667. 
 
 Posthumous : 'llv/x^oXov QeoXoyiKov,' 
 1673-74; 'Christ's Yoke an Easy 
 Yoke,' 1675 ; ' Contemplations of the 
 State of Man,' 1684 ; 'A Discourse on 
 the Lord's Supper,' 1792. 
 
 He edited : ' The Psalter of David, 
 1644. 
 
 Collected Works: in 15 vols., ed. by 
 Bishop Heber, 1822. 
 
 Life: by H. K. Bonney, 1815. 
 
 TAYLOR (John), 1580-1654. Born, 
 at Gloucester, Aug. 1580. In youth 
 apprenticed to a waterman. Served 
 in fleet under Earl of Essex. On 
 return to England, took up trade of 
 waterman. Collector of Tower Dues 
 on Wine. Retired to Oxford at Civil 
 War. Returned to London, 1646. 
 Kept a public-house in Long Acre. 
 Known as the 'Water-Poet.' Died 
 there, Dec. 1654. Buried in Church- 
 yard of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields. 
 
 Works : Taylor's separate publica- 
 tions number upwards of 120, dating 
 from 1614 to 1654. The more impor- 
 tant of these have been collected and 
 edited by the Spenser Society in 8 
 vols., 1869-78. A fairly representa- 
 tive list is presented by the entries in 
 the British Museum Catalogue. 
 
 TAYLOR (Tom), 1817-1880. Bom, 
 
 at Sunderland, 1817. Early education 
 at school there. Studied at Glasgow 
 Univ., 1831-32, 1835-36. Matric, 
 Trin. Coll., Camb., 1837 ; B.A., 1840; 
 Fellow, 1842; M.A., 1843. Prof, 
 of English Literature, Univ. Coll., 
 London. Called to Bar at Middle 
 Temple, Nov. 1845. Assistant Sec. 
 to Board of Health, 1850 ; Sec, 1854. 
 
TAYLOR— TEMPLE 
 
 277 
 
 Married Laura W. Barker, 19 June 
 1855. Siic. to Local Govern aient Act 
 Office, 1858-72. Wrote over 100 
 dramatic pieces, 1845-80. Editor of 
 Punch, 1874-80. For some time Art 
 Critic to *The Times' and 'The 
 Graphic' Died, at Wandsworth, 12 
 July 1880. 
 
 Works : ' The King's Rival ' (with 
 Charles Reade), 1854 ; ' Masks and 
 Faces ' (with Charles Reade), 1854 ; 
 Two Loves and a Life ' (with Charles 
 Reade), 1854 ; ' Barefaced Impostors ' 
 (anon. ; with F. G. B. Ponsonby and 
 G. C. Bentinck) [1854] ; • The Local 
 Government Act, 1858, etc.,' 1858 ; 
 'The Railway Station, painted by 
 W. P. Frith, described,' 1862 ; 'Hand- 
 book of the Pictures in the Inter- 
 national Exhibition of 1862,' 1862 ; 
 Text to Birket Foster's 'Pictures of 
 English Landscape,' 1863 [1862] ; ' A 
 Marriage Memorial ' [1863] ; ' The 
 King's Rival' (with 0. Reade), 1864 ; 
 'Masks and Faces' (with C. Reade), 
 1864 ; 'Two Loves and a Life ' (with 
 C. Reade), 1864 ; • Catalogue of the 
 Works of Sir Joshua Reynolds ' (with 
 C. W. Franks), 1869 ; ' The Theatre 
 in England' (from 'The Dark Blue'), 
 1871; 'Leicester Square,' 1874; 
 'Historical Dramas,' 1877. [Also a 
 number of separate dramatic pieces, 
 published in Lacy's Acting Edition of 
 Plays.] 
 
 He translated : Vicomte Hersart de 
 la Villemarque's * Ballads and Songs 
 of Brittany,' 1865 ; and edited : ' The 
 Life of B. R. Haydon,' 1853 ; C. R. 
 Leslie's ' Autobiographical Recollec- 
 tions,' 1860; Mortimer Collins' 'Pen 
 Sketches by a Vanished Hand,' 1879. 
 
 TAYLOR (William), 1765-1836. 
 Born, at Norwich, 7 Nov. 1765. At 
 school at Norwich and at Palgrave. 
 Travelled on Continent, Aug. 1779 to 
 Jan. 1781 ; and May 1781 to Nov. 
 17S2. Settled in his father's house, 
 and engaged in business. Retired 
 from business, 1791 ; devoted himself 
 to literature. Contrib. to 'Monthly 
 Rev.,' 1793-1824 ; to 'Monthly Mag.,' 
 1796-1824; to 'Annual Rev.,' 1802- 
 07; to 'Critical Rev.,' 1803-09; to 
 
 ' Athenseum,' 1807-08. Edited ' The 
 Iris,' 1825-26. Died, at Norwich, 5 
 March 1836. Buried there. 
 
 Works : Translation of Lessing'a 
 ' Nathan the Wise,' 1805 (priv. 
 ptd., 1791) ; Translation of Goethe's 
 'Iphigenia in Tauris ' (anon.), 1793 ; 
 Translation of Wieland's 'Dialogues 
 of the Gods,' 1795 ; Translation of 
 Burger's ' EUenore ' (anon.), 1796; 
 'Tales of Yore, translated from dif- 
 ferent foreign languages,' 1810 ; * A 
 Letter concerning the first twochapters 
 of Luke' (anon.), 1810; 'English 
 Synonyms Discriminated,' 1813 ; ' His- 
 toric Survey of German Poetry' (3 
 vols.), 1828-30; 'A Memoir of the 
 late P. M. Mjirtineau ' (anon. ; with 
 F. Elwin), 1831. 
 
 Life: by J. W. Robberds, 1843. 
 
 TEMPLE (/Sir William), 1628-1699. 
 Born, in Blackfriars, 1628. At schools 
 at Penshurst and Bishop's Stort- 
 ford, till 1643. Lived at home, 1643- 
 45. Matric, Emmanuel Coll., Camb. 
 1645[?]. Travelled on Continent 
 1647-53[?]. Married Dorothy Osborn 
 1654. Member of Irish Convention at 
 Restoration, 1660. M.P. for Carlow, 
 1661. Abroad on business of State, 
 1665-69. In retirement at Sheen, 
 1669-73. In Holland on State busi- 
 ness, 1673-76, 1678-79. Retired from 
 public life, 1685. Died, at Moor 
 Park, Surrey, 27 Jan. 1699. 
 
 Works : ' Poems ' (under initials : 
 Sir W. T.) [1670?]; 'Observations 
 upon the United Provinces of the 
 Netherlands,' 1672; 'Miscellanea' 
 (anon.), 1680 ; 'Memoirs of what past 
 in Christendom from ... 1672 .. . 
 to . . . 1679,' 1692 ; * An Answer to 
 a scurrilous pamphlet ' (anon. ; attrib. 
 to Temple), 1693 ; 'An Essay upon 
 Taxes' (anon.), 1693; 'An Intro- 
 duction to the History of England,' 
 1695. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Letters written by 
 Sir W. Temple during his being 
 Ambassador at the Hague,' ed. by 
 D. Jones, 1699 ; ' Letters written . . 
 both at home and abroad,' ed. by J. 
 Swift (3 vols.), 1700-03 ; ' Miscellanea 
 (2nd ser.), ed. by J. Swift, 1701. 
 
278 
 
 TENNYSON 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by J. Swift (2 
 vols.), 1720. 
 
 TENNYSON (Alfred), 5arow Ttnny- 
 son, 1809-1892. Born, at Somersby, 
 Lines., 6 Aug. 1809. Educated at 
 Louth Grammar School, till 1820 ; at 
 home, 1820-28. Matric, Trin. Coll., 
 Camb., 1828 ; Chancellor's English 
 Prize Poem, 1829 ; left Cambridge, 
 owing to death of his father, Feb. 
 1831. Lived at Somersby till 1835. 
 Married Emily Sellwood, 13 Juno 
 1850. Poet Laureate, Nov. 1850. 
 Settled at Farriugford, I. of W., 1853. 
 Hon. D.O.L., Oxford, 20 June 1855. 
 Hon. Fellow Trin. Coll., Camb., 
 May 1869. F.RS. Play 'Queen 
 Mary,' produced at Lvceum Theatre, 
 18 April 1876; 'The Falcon,' St. 
 James's ; * The Cup,' Lyceum, 3 
 Jan. 1881 ; * The Promise of May,' 
 Globe, 11 Nov. 1882; 'The Foresters,' 
 Daly's Theatre, New York, 17 March 
 1892 ; 'Becket,' Lyceum, 6 Feb. 1893. 
 Created Baron Tennyson of Aldworth, 
 Jan. 1884. Died, at Aldworth, 6 
 Oct. 1892. Buried in Westminster 
 Abbey. 
 
 Works : * Poems by Two Brothers ' 
 (anon. ; with Charles and Frederick 
 Tennyson), 1827 ; 'Timbuctoo,' 1829 ; 
 • Poems, chieflv lyrical,' 1830 ; *Poems,* 
 1833 [1832] ; '"The Lover's Tale ' (priv. 
 }.td, ), 1833 ; 'Poems ' (2 vols.), 1842 ; 
 ' The Princess,' 1847 ; 'In Memoriam' 
 (anon.), 1850 (2nd edn. same year) ; 
 'Poems' (6th edn.), 1850; 'Poems' 
 /7th edn.), 1851 ; ' Ode on the Death 
 of the Duke of Wellington,' 1852; 
 Poems ' (8th edn.)_, 1853 ; 'The Charge 
 of the Light Brigade' (priv. ptd.) 
 [1855]; 'Maud,' 1855; 'Enid and 
 Nimue' (priv. ptd.), 1857 ; 'Idylls of 
 the King ' (4 pts.), 1859 ; 'A Welcome' 
 [to Princess of Wales], 1863 ; ' Idylls 
 of the Hearth,' 1864 (another edn., 
 same year, called : ' Enoch Arden, 
 etc.'); 'The Victim' (priv. ptd.), 
 1867 ; 'Idylls of the King' (8 pts.), 
 1869 ; 'The Holy Grail,' 1870 [1869] ; 
 'The Windows,' 1871 [1870] (priv. 
 ptd., 1867) ; ' Gareth and Lynette,' 
 1872 ; * A Welcome ' [to Duchess 
 of Edinburgh], 1874; 'The Lover's 
 
 Tale' (priv. ptd.), 1875; 'Queen 
 Mary,' 1875 ; 'Harold,' 1877 [1876] ; 
 ' Ballads and other Poems,' 1880 ; 
 ' The Promise of May,' 1882 ; 
 'Becket,' 1884; 'The Cup and The 
 Falcon,' 1884 ; ' Tiresias,' 1885 ; 'To 
 H.R.H. Princess Beatrice ' (priv. 
 ptd.), 1885; 'Poetical Vv'orks,' 1886 ; 
 'Locksley Hall Sixty Years After,' 
 1887; 'To Edward Lear,' 1889; 
 'Demeter,' 1889; 'The Foresters,* 
 1892 ; ' Idylls of the Kit)g ' (12 pts.), 
 1892. 
 
 Posthumous: 'The Death of GEnone,' 
 1892. 
 
 Collected Works : 1894. 
 
 TENNYSON (Charles), 1808-1879. 
 [Eldest brother of preceding.] Born, 
 at Somersby, Lines- 1808. Edu- 
 cated at Louth Grammar School till 
 1820; at home, 1820-28. Matric, 
 Trin Coll., Camb., 1828 ; Bell Scholar- 
 ship, 1828 ; B.A., 1832. Ordained 
 Deacon, 1835 ; Priest, 1835. Curate 
 of Tealby, 1835. Vicar of Grasby, 
 Lines., 1835-79. Married Louisa Sell- 
 wood, 1837. Took additional sur- 
 name of Turner, on succeeding to 
 estate of his great-uncle, 1 838. Contrib. 
 poems to 'Macmillan's Mag.,' 1860. 
 Died, at Cheltenham, 25 April 1879. 
 
 Works : ' Poems by Two Brothers ' 
 (with Alfred and Frederick Tenny- 
 son), 1829 ; ' Songs and Fugitive 
 Pieces,' 1830 ; ' Sonnets,' 1864 j 
 ' Sonnets, Lyrics, and Translations,' 
 1873. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Collected Sonnets, 
 old and new,' 1880. 
 
 TENNYSON (Frederick), b. 1807. 
 [Brother of precedint.^] Born, at 
 Louth, 5 June 1807. Early education 
 at Louth Grammar School. At Eton, 
 1820-27. Matric, Trin. Coll., Camb., 
 1829 ; B.A., 1832. Browne Medal- 
 list (for Greek Ode), Camb. Affctr 
 leaving Cambridge lived abroad for 
 some years. Married Maria Giuliotti, 
 1839. Settled in Florence. Re- 
 moved to Jersey, 1859. 
 
 Works : * Poems by Two Brothers ' 
 (anon. ; with Alfred and Charles 
 Tennyson), 1827 ; ' The Isles of 
 
THACKERAY-THIRLWALL 
 
 279 
 
 Greece,' 1890 ; 'Daphne,' 1891 ; 'Poems 
 of the Day and Year,' 1895. 
 
 He has edited : H. Melville's 
 'Veritas,' 1874. 
 
 THACKERAY (William Make- 
 peace), lSll-1863. Born, at Calcutta, 
 18 July 1811. Brought to Ensfland 
 at bis father's death, 1816. At Char- 
 terhouse School, 1822-28. Matric, 
 Trin. Coll., Camb., Feb. 1829. Left 
 Cambridge, 1830 ; took no degree. 
 Travelled on Continent, 1830-31. Lived 
 in Hare Court, Temple, and studied 
 Law, 1831-32. Edited 'National 
 Standard,' May to Dec. 1833. After 
 severe monetary losses, removed to 
 Paris, Dec. 1833. Contrib. to 'Eraser's 
 Mag.' from about 1836. Married 
 Isabella Gethin Creagh Shawe, 20 
 Aug. 1836. Settled in London. 
 Contrib. to 'Eraser's Mag.,' 'New 
 Monthly Mag.,' 'Ainsworth's Mag.,' 
 'Times,' 'Westminster Rev.,' etc. 
 Separation from his wife, 1840. Tra- 
 velled in East, Aug. to Got. 1844. 
 Contrib. to ' Punch,' 1842-50. Called 
 to Bar at Middle Temple, 26 May 
 1848. First lectured in London, 
 1851. In America lecturing, Dec. 
 1852 to spring of 1853 ; again, Dec. 
 1855 to April 1856. Lectured in 
 England and Scotland, 1856. Stood 
 as M.P. for City of Oxford, 1857 ; was 
 defeated. Edited 'Comhill Mag.,' 
 Nov. 1859 to March 1862. Died, in 
 London, 24 Deo. 1863. Buried at 
 Kensal Green. 
 
 Works: 'The Yellowplush Cor- 
 respondence ' (anon.), 1838 ; ' The 
 Paris Sketch-book' (under pseud. 'Mr. 
 Titmar.-h'), 1840; 'An Essay on the 
 Genius of George Cruikshank' (anon.), 
 1840 ; ' Comic Tales and Sketches ' 
 (under pseud. * Michael Angelo Tit- 
 marsh '), 1841 ; ' The Second Funeral 
 of Napoleon' (under pseud. 'M. A. 
 Titmarsh'), 1841 ; 'The Irish Sketch- 
 Book' (2 vols.), 1843 ; 'The Luck of 
 Barry Lyndon,' 1844 ; ' Notes of a 
 Journey from Cornhill to Cairo,' 1846 ; 
 • Mrs. Perkins's Ball ' (under pseud. 
 'M. A. Titmarsh') [1847]; 'The 
 Book of Snobs,' 1848 ; ' Vanity Fair,' 
 1848 ; ' Our Street ' (under pseud. 
 
 ' M. A. Titmarsh), 1848 ; ' Dr. 
 Birch and his Young Friends ' (under 
 ppeud. ' M. A. Titmarsh '), 1849 ; 
 ' The History of Samuel Titmarsh ; 
 and the Great Iloggarty Diamond,' 
 
 1849 ; 'An Interesting Event' (under 
 pseud. *M. A. Titmarsh'), 1849; 
 ' The History of Pendennis ' (2 vols.), 
 1849-50 ; ' Rebecca and Rowena ' 
 (under pseud. 'M. A. Titmarsh'), 
 
 1850 ; Text to ' Sketches after 
 English Landscape Painters,' 1850 ; 
 ' The Kickleburys on the Rhine ' 
 (under pseud. ' M. A. Titmarsh '), 
 1851; 'The History of Henry Es- 
 mond,' 1852 ; ' The English Hu- 
 mourists of the Eighteenth Cen- 
 tury,' 1853; 'Men's Wives,' 1853; 
 'The Newcomes' (2 vols.), 1854-55 ; 
 'Miscellanies' (4 vols.), 1854-57; 
 'Ballads,' 1855; 'The Rose and the 
 Ring ' (under pseud. ' M. A. Tit- 
 marsh '), 1855 ; ' The Virginians ' (2 
 vols.), 1858-59 ; ' Level the Widower,' 
 1861 ; ' The Four Georges,' 1861 ; 'The 
 Adventures of Philip,' 1862 ; * Round- 
 about Papers,' 1863 [1862]. 
 
 Posthumous : 'Dennis Duval,' 1867 ; 
 •Ballads and Tales,' 1869; 'The 
 Orphan of Pimlico,' 1876 ; ' Etchings 
 while at Cambridge,' 1878 ; ' The 
 Chronicle of the Drum,' 1886; 'A 
 Collection of Letters . . . 1847-1855,' 
 1887 ; 'Sultan Stork, etc.,' 1887. 
 
 Collected Works: in 26 vols., 1869- 
 86. 
 
 Life : by A. Trollope, 1879 ; by H. 
 C. Merivale and E. T. Marzials, 1891. 
 
 THIRLWALL (Connop), Bishop of 
 St. David's, 1797-1876. Born, at 
 Stepney, 11 Feb. 1797. Early educa- 
 tion at Charterhouse School. Matric, 
 Trin. Coll., Camb., 1814 ; Craven 
 Scholar, 1815 ; Bell's Scholar, 1815 ; 
 Chancellor's Medallist, 1818 ; B.A., 
 1818 ; Minor Fellow, Trin. Coll. , 1818 ; 
 M.A., 1821. Student of Lincoln's 
 Inn, Feb. 1820. Called to Bar, 1825. 
 Ordained Deacon, 1827; Priest, 1828. 
 Rector of Kirby-under-Dale, Yorks., 
 1834-40. B.D. and D.D., 1840. 
 Bishop of St. David'8, July 1840 to 
 May 1874. Died, at Bath, 27 July 
 1875. 
 
280 
 
 THOMPSON— T i lORE AU 
 
 Works [exclusive of separate ser- 
 mons and episcopal charges, etc.] : 
 
 * Primitiae' (priv. ptd.), 1809 ; 'History 
 of Greece' (8 vols.), 1835-47 ; 'The 
 Advantages of Literary and Scientific 
 Institutions,' 1850; 'Inaugural Ad- 
 dress' [at the Edinburgh Philosophical 
 Institution], 1861 ; 'The Present State 
 of Relations between Science and 
 Literature,' 1867. 
 
 Posthumovji : * Remains, literary 
 and theological,' ed. by J. J. S. 
 Perowne (3 vols.), 1877-78 ; ' Letters, 
 literary and theological,' ed. by J. J. 
 S. Perowne and L. Stokes, 1881 ; 
 
 * Letters to a Friend,' ed. by Dean 
 Stanley, 1881. 
 
 He translated : Schleiermacher's 
 ' Critical Essay on the Gospel of St. 
 Luke,' 1825 ; Niebuhr's ' History of 
 Rome ' (with J. C. Hare), 1828. 
 
 THOMPSON (Alice). See Meynell. 
 
 THOMSON (James), 1700-1748. 
 Born, at Ednam, Roxburghshire, 
 11 Sept. 1700. Early education at 
 Jedburgh Grammar School. To 
 Edinburgh Univ., 1715. For some 
 time studied theology ; but eventually 
 abandoned idea of clerical career. 
 Settled in London, 1725. Devoted 
 himself to literature. Play * Sophon- 
 isba ' produced at Drury Lane, 28 Feb. 
 1730. Travelled on Continent, Dec. 
 1730 to Dec. 1731. Secretary of 
 Briefs, 1736-37. Surveyor - General 
 of Leeward Islands, 1737. 'Aga- 
 memnon ' produced at Drury Lane, 
 6 April 1738. Died, at Richmond, 
 27 Aug. 1748. Buried there. (Play 
 ' Coriolanus ' posthumously produced 
 at Covent Garden, 13 Jan. 1749.) 
 
 Works: 'Winter,' 1726 (3rd edn. 
 same year) ; ' Summer,' 1727 ; ' A 
 Poem sacred to the memory of Sir 
 Isaac NewtoB,' 1727 (3rd edn. same 
 year); 'Spring,' 1728; 'Britannia' 
 (anon.), 1729; 'Poem on the Death 
 of Congreve,' 1729; 'Sophonisba,' 
 1730 ; ' The Seasons,' 1730 ; 'Works' 
 (2 vols.), 1730-36 ; ' Liberty ' (5 pt?.), 
 1735-36 ; * A Poem to the Memory of 
 . . . Lord Talbot,' 1737; 'Works' 
 (2 vols.), 1738 ; 'Agamemnon,' 1738 ; 
 'Kdward and Elenora,' 1739; 'The 
 
 Masque of Alfred ' (anon. ; with D. 
 Mallet), 1740 ; ' Tancred and Sigis- 
 munda,' 1745; 'The Castle of In- 
 dolence,' 1748 (2ud edn. same year). 
 
 Posthumous : * Coriolanus,' 1749 ; 
 ' Poems on Several Occasions,' 1750 ; 
 ' Unpublished Letters to Mallet ' 
 [1857]. 
 
 Collected Works : 1762, etc. 
 
 Life : by L. Morel, 1895. 
 
 THOMSON (James), 1834 • 1882. 
 Bom, at Port Glasgow, 23 Nov. 1834. 
 Educated at Caledonian Orphan 
 Asylum, 1843-50. At Ballincollig, 
 near Cork, as assistant regimental 
 schoolmaster, 1850-52 ; at Military 
 Training College, Chelsea, 1852-54. 
 Contrib. to Tait's 'Edinburgh Mag.,' 
 1858; to 'National Reformer,' 1860- 
 75. Served as regimental fichool- 
 master till 1862. After leaving army, 
 held various secretaryships. Visit to 
 America, 1872 ; to Spain as corre- 
 spondent to ' New York World,' 1873. 
 Contrib. to 'Cope's Tobacco Plant,' 
 1875-81. Contrib. at various times 
 to ' Daily Telegraph,' * Athenaeum,' 
 'Weekly Dispatch,' 'Fortnightly 
 Rev.,' 'Eraser's Mag.,' ' Cornhill 
 Mag.' Died, in London, 3 June 1882. 
 Buried in Highgate Cemetery. 
 
 Works: 'The City of Dreadful 
 Night,' 1880 ; 'Vane's Story,' 1880 ; 
 ' Essays and Phantasies,' 1881. 
 
 Posthumous : ' The Story of a 
 Famous Old Jewish Firm, etc.,' 1883 ; 
 ' A Voice from the Nile,' ed. by B. 
 Dobell, 1884 [1883] ; 'Shelley ' (priv. 
 ptd.), 1884 ; 'Selections from Original 
 Contributions by J. Thomson to 
 " Cope's Tobacco Plant," ' 1889 ; 
 ' Poetical Works,' ed. by B. Dobell 
 (2 vols.), 1895 ; ' Biographical and 
 Critical Studies,' ed. by B. Dobell, 
 1896. 
 Life: by H. S. Salt, 1889. 
 
 THOREAU (Henry David), 1817- 
 1862. Born, at Concord, U.S.A., 
 12 July 1817. [Christened 'David 
 Henry,' but generally used form 
 ' Henry David.'] Early education at 
 Boston, 1818-23, and at Concord, 
 1823-33. To Harvard Univ., 1833 ; 
 B.A., 1837, Schoolmaster, at Go^• 
 
THRALE— TOURNEUR 
 
 231 
 
 cord, 1837-39. For short time took 
 up hid father's trade of pencil-making. 
 Friendship with Emerson begun, 
 about 1837. Contrib. to ' The Dial,' 
 1840-44. Lived with Emerson at 
 Concord, 1841-43. Held post of 
 private tutor, at Staten Island, 1843- 
 44. Lived in hut at Walden Pond, 
 July 1845 to Sept. 1847. Lived in 
 Emerson's house at Concord, autumn 
 1847 to 1849. Returned to his 
 father's house, 1849 ; lived there for 
 remainder of his life. Made expedi- 
 tions to Cape Cod, Canada, Maine 
 Forests, etc., 1846-60. Ill-health 
 began, 1855. Died, at Concord, 
 6 May 1862. Buried there. 
 
 Works : * A Week on the Concord 
 and Merrimack Rivers,' 1849 ; 
 •Walden,' 1854. 
 
 Posthumous : * Excursions,' 1863 ; 
 
 • The Maine Woods,' 1864 ; * Cape 
 Cod,' 1864 ; ' Letters to Various 
 Persons,' 1865 ; 'A Yankee in 
 Canada,' 1866; 'Early Spring in 
 Massachusetts' (from his journal), 
 1881 ; • Summer ' (from his journal), 
 1884; 'Winter' (from his journal), 
 1888 ; * Anti-Slavery and Reform 
 Papers,' 1890 ; * Autumn ' (from his 
 journal), 1892; 'Miscellanies,' 1894 ; 
 ♦Familiar Letters,' 1894. 
 
 Life : by H. S. Salt, 1890. 
 
 THRALE {Mrs.). See Piozzi. 
 
 TICKELL (Thomas), 1686-1740. 
 Born, at Bridekirk, Cumberland, 
 1686. Matric, Queens' Coll., Ox- 
 ford, 16 May 1701 ; B.A., 1705 ; 
 M.A., 22 Feb. 1709. Friendship 
 with Addison. Appointed by him 
 Under-Secretary of State, 1717. 
 Married, 1726. Secretary to Lords 
 Justices of Ireland, 1724-40. Died, 
 at Bath, 21 April 1740. 
 
 Worl's : 'A Poem to . . , the 
 Lord Privy Seal on the Prospect of 
 Peace,' 1713 ; Translation of Homer's 
 
 • Iliad,' Bk. I. (pubd. under Tickell's 
 name, but possibly by Addison), 1715 ; 
 ' An Epistle from a Lady in England 
 to a Gentleman at Avignon ' (anon.), 
 1717 ; ' An Ode occasioned by Earl 
 Stanhope's Voyage to France,' 1718; 
 
 ' An Ode to the Earl of Sutherland * 
 (anon.), 1720 ; ' Kensington Gardens ' 
 (anon.), 1722; 'To Sir G. Kneller' 
 (anon.), 1722; 'On Her Majesty's 
 rebuilding the Lodgings of the Black 
 Prince and Henry V. at Queen's 
 College, Oxford,' 1733. 
 
 He edited : Addison's Works, 1722, 
 etc. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by T. Park, 
 1807. 
 
 TOOKE (John Home), 1736-1812. 
 Born [John Home ; adopted addi- 
 tional name of Tooke in 1782 as a 
 compliment to a patron] at West- 
 minster, 25 June 1736. Early educa- 
 tion at schools in Soho and in Kent. 
 At Westminster School, 1744-46 ; at 
 Eton, 1746-53. Matric. St. John's 
 Coll., Camb., 1755; B.A., 1758; 
 M.A., 1771. Ordained Vicar of New 
 Brentford in 1760 ; but gave up orders 
 in 1773, and took up pursuit of law. 
 Imprisoned for libel, 1777-78. Tried 
 on charge of high treason, but ac- 
 quitted, 1794. M.P. for Old Sarum, 
 Feb. 1801 to 1802. Died, at Wim- 
 bledon, 18 March 1812. Buried at 
 Ealing. 
 
 Works: 'The Petition of an En- 
 glishman ' (anon.), 1765 ; 'A Sermon,' 
 1769 ; ' An Oration delivered at a 
 . . . Meeting of the Freeholders of 
 Middlesex' [1770] ; 'Letter to John 
 Dunning, Esq.,' 1778 ; ' Letter to 
 Lord Ashburton,' 1782; ''Errea 
 nrepoevra,' 1786 ; 'Letter to a Friend 
 on the Reported Marriage of the 
 Prince of Wales,' 1787 ; ' Two Pair 
 of Portraits,' 1788 ; ' Letter on the 
 Meeting at the Crown and Anchor 
 Tavern,' 1791 ; 'Proceedings in an 
 Action for Debt,' 1792; 'Letter 
 on Parliamentary Reform,' 1794 ; 
 'Speeches . . . during the West- 
 minster Election, 1796 ' [1796] ; 
 'Letter to the Editor of "The 
 Timfs,'" 1807. 
 
 Life : by J. A. Grabaeu, 1828. 
 
 TOURNEUR (Cyril), jl. 1610. No 
 details of life known. 
 
 Works : ' The Transformed Meta- 
 morphosis,' 1600 ; ' The Revenger's 
 
232 
 
 TRAILL— TRENCH 
 
 Tragsedie,' 1607 ; * A Funerall Poeme 
 upon the death of Sir Francis Vere,* 
 1609 ; ' The Atheist's Tragedie,' 1611 ; 
 * Three Elegies on the . . . death of 
 Prince Henrie,' 1613. 
 
 Collected Works : ' Plays and 
 Poems,' ed. by J. 0. Collina (2 void.), 
 1878 [1877]. 
 
 TSAILL (Henry Duff), b. 1842. 
 Born, at Blackheath, 14 Aug. 1842. 
 At Merchant Taylors' School, 1853- 
 61. Matric. St. John's Coll., Oxford, 
 1 July 1861; B.A., 1865; B.C.L., 
 1868; D.C.L., 1873. Student of 
 Inner Temple, 17 Nov. 1866 ; called 
 to Bar, 7 June 1869. Insp'^ctor of 
 Returns under Education Act, 1870- 
 71. Gave up legal profession, ^id 
 devoted himself to journalism and 
 literature, 1871. Frequent contri- 
 butor to periodicals. On staff of 
 'Pall Mall Gaz.,' 1873-80; of 'St. 
 James's Gaz.,' 1880-82 ; of ' Daily 
 Telegraph,' 1882-96; of 'Saturday 
 Rev.,' 1883-94. Eriitor of 'Observer,' 
 1889-91. 
 
 Works: * Central Government,' 
 1881; 'Sterne,' 1882; 'Recaptured 
 Rhymes,' 1882; 'The New Lucian,' 
 1884; 'Coleridge,' 1884; 'Shaftes- 
 bury,' 1886; 'William the Third,' 
 1888; 'Strafford,' 1889; 'Saturday 
 Songs' [1890] ; 'Number Twenty' 
 [1892]; 'The Marquis of Salisbury,' 
 1892 ; ' The Barbarous Britishers ' 
 [1896] ; ' The Life of Sir John Frank- 
 lin,' 1896 ; ' From Cairo to the Soudan 
 Frontier,' 1896; 'Lord Cromer,' 1897; 
 'The New Fiction, and other Essays,' 
 1897. 
 
 lie has edited : ' The Capitals of 
 the World,' 1892; 'Social England,' 
 (6 vols.), 1893-97 ; Disraeli's 'Sybil,' 
 1895 ; Cailyle's Works (Centenary 
 edn.), 1896, etc. 
 
 TEELAWNY (Edward John), 1793- 
 1881. Born, in London, 2 [or 3] Nov. 
 1793. At school for a short time. 
 Served in Navy for some years from 
 1814, but eventually deserted, and 
 led a roving life till 1821. Acquaint- 
 ance with the Shelleys begun, 1822. 
 Buried Shelley's ashes in Rome, 1823. 
 Wilh Eyron in Greece, 1823-24. 
 
 Afterwards travelled in America. 
 Settled at Sompting, near Worthing, 
 1870. Died there, 13 Aug. 1881. 
 Buried in Protestant cemetery, Rome. 
 Works : ' Adventures of a Younger 
 Son' (ar.oii.), 1831 ; ' Recollections of 
 the last d:*vs of Shelley and Byron,* 
 1858. 
 
 TSENG H (Richard Cheneviz), 
 Archbishop of Dublin, 1807-1888. 
 Born, in Dublin, 9 Sept. 1807. Early 
 education at Tw^ford ; at Harrow, 
 1819-25. Matric. Trin. Coll., Camb. 
 1825 ; B.A., 1829 ; M.A., 1833 ; 
 B.D., 1850 ; D.D., 1856. Travelled 
 on Continent, 1829. Married Hon. 
 Frances Mary Trench, 31 May 1832. 
 Ordained Deacon, 1832 ; Priest, 1833. 
 Curate of Curdridge, 1835-40; of 
 Alverstoke, 1840-45. Rector of 
 Itchinstoke, 1845-46. Hulsean Lec- 
 turer, Camb., 1845-46. Chaplain to 
 Bp. of Oxford, 1847-64. Professor of 
 Divinity, King's Coll., London, 1847- 
 68. Dean of Weistminster, Oct. 1856 
 to 1863. Dean of Order of Bath, 
 1856-64. Archbishop of Dublin and 
 Bishop of Glendalough and Kiidare, 
 Jan. 1864 ; resigned, Nov. 1884. 
 Chancellor of Order of St. Patrick, 
 1864-84. D.D., Dublin, 1864. Died, 
 in London, 28 March 1886. Buried 
 in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 Works [exclusive of separate ser- 
 mons, ecclesiastical charges, etc.] : 
 ' The Story of Justin Martyr,' 1835 ; 
 ♦ Sabbation,' 1838 ; * Notes on the 
 Parables of Our Lord,' 1841 ; 'Poems 
 from Eastern Sources,' 1842 ; 'Geno- 
 veva,' 1842; 'Five Sermons,' 1843; 
 ' Exposition of the Sermon on the 
 Mount,' 1844 ; 'Hulsean Lectures 
 for 1845,' 1845; 'Hulsean Lectures 
 for 1846,' 1846; 'Sacred Poems for 
 Mourners,' 1846 ; ' Notes on the 
 Miracles of Our Lord,' 1846; 'The 
 Star of the Wise Men,' 1850 ; 'On 
 the Study of Words,' 1851 ; ' On the 
 Lessons in Proverb-,' 1853 ; ' Sy- 
 nonyms of the New Testament,' 1854 
 (2nd edn. same year) ; 'Alma,' 1855 ; 
 ' English, Past and Present,' 1855 ; 
 'Five Sermons,' 1856; 'On some 
 Deficiencies in our English Diction- 
 
TREVELYAN— TROLLOPE 
 
 aries,' 1857 ; *0n the Authorized 
 Version of the New Testament,' 1858 ; 
 
 • A Select Glossary of English Words 
 used formerly in Senses differeut from 
 their Present,' 1859 ; ' Sermons 
 Preached in Westminster Abbey,' 
 1860 ; * Commentary on the Epistles 
 to the Seven Churches in Asia,' 1861 ; 
 
 • The Subjection of the Creature to 
 Vanity,' 1863 ; * The Salt of the 
 Earth, etc.,' 1864 ; * Gustavus Adol- 
 phus, etc.,* 1865 ; * Poems,' 1865 ; 
 
 • Studies on the Gospels,' 1867 ; * Ship- 
 wrecks of Faith,' 1867; 'Plutarch,' 
 1873 ; ' Sermons, preached for the 
 most part in Dublin,' 1873 ; 'Lectures 
 on Mediaeval Church History,' 1877 ; 
 ' Brief Thoughts and Meditations on 
 some passages in Holy Scripture,' 
 1884 ; * Sermons, New and Old,' 
 1886. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Letters and Memo- 
 rials,' ed. by M. M. F. Trench (2 vols.), 
 1888 ; ' Westminster and other Ser- 
 mons,' 1888. 
 
 He translated : ' Life's a Dream, 
 etc.,' from the Spanish of Calderon, 
 1856 ; and edited : ' Sacred Latin 
 Poetry,' 1849 ; his mother's 'Journal' 
 [1861] and 'Remains,' 1862; 'A 
 Household Book of English Poetry,' 
 1868. 
 
 TREVELYAN {Siir George Otto), 
 Bart., b. 1838. Born, at Rothley 
 Temple, Leicestershire, 20 July 1838. 
 At Harrow, April 1851 to July 1857. 
 Matric. Trin. Coll., Camb., 1857 ; 
 Scholar, 1859 ; B.A., 1861 ; M.A.. 
 1864. M.P. for Tynemouth. July 
 1865 to Nov. 1868 ; for Hawick 
 Burghs, 1868-86. Married Caroline 
 Philips, 29 Sept. 1869. Civil Lord of 
 Admiralty, Dec. 1869 to June 1870 ; 
 Parliamentary Sec. to Admiralty, 
 Nov. 1880 to May 1882. Chief Sec. 
 to Lord-Lieut, of Ireland, May 1882 
 to Nov. 1884. P.C, June 1882. 
 Hon. LL.D., Edinburgh, 1883. Chan- 
 cellor of Duchy of Lancaster, Nov. 
 1884 to June 1885. Trustee of British 
 Museum, 16 May 1885. Hon. D.C.L., 
 Oxford, 17 June 1885. Hon. Fellow, 
 Trin. Coll., Camb., 1885. Sec. for 
 Scotland, Feb. to March 1886. Suc- 
 
 ceeded to Baroneicy, 1886. M.P. 
 for Bridgeton division of Glasgow, 
 Aug. 1887 to Jan. 1897. Sec. for 
 Scotland, Aug. 1892 to June 1895. 
 D.L. of Northumberland. Retired 
 from Parliament, 30 Jan. 1897. 
 
 Works : ' Horace at the University 
 of Athens ' (anon. ), 1861 ; * The Pope 
 and his Patron' (anon.), 1862; 'The 
 Dawk Bungalow ' (under pseud. : 'H. 
 Broughton, B.C.S.'), 1863; 'The 
 Competition Wallah ' (from * Mac- 
 millan's Mag.'), 1864; 'Oawnpore,* 
 1865; 'The Ladies in Parliament," 
 1869 ; 'Speeches on Army Reform,' 
 1870 ; ' Life and Letters of Lord 
 Macaulay' (2 vols.), 1876; 'The 
 Early History of Charles James Fox,' 
 1880. 
 
 TEOLLOPE (Anthony), 1815-1882. 
 Bom, in London, 1815. Educated at 
 Harrow, 1822-25 ; at Sunbury, 1825- 
 27 ; at Winchester, 1827-30 ; at 
 Harrow again, 1830-33. Master in a 
 school at Brussels for a short time. 
 Held Post - Office appointment in 
 London, 1834-41 ; in Ireland, 1841- 
 59 ; in London, 1859-67. Married 
 Rose Heseltine, 11 June 1844. Edited 
 ' St. Paul's,' 1867-71. Visit to U.S. A., 
 1868 ; to Austraia and America, 
 1871-73. Settled in London, 1873. 
 Active literary life. Frequent con- 
 tributor to periodicals. Visit to S. 
 Africa, 1877 ; to Iceland, 1878. Re- 
 moved to Hastings, Sussex, 1880 
 Visit to Italy, 1881 ; to Ireland, 1882. 
 Died, 6 Dec. 1882. 
 
 Works : ' The Macdermots of Bally 
 cloran,' 1847 ; * The Kellys and the 
 O'Kellys,' 1848 ; ' La Vendue,' 1850 ; 
 ' The Warden,' 1855 ; ' Barchester 
 Towers,' 1857; 'The Three Clerks,' 
 1858 ; 'Doctor Thome,' 1858 ; 'The 
 West Indies and the Spanish Main,' 
 1859; 'The Bertrams' 1859; 'Castle 
 Richmond,' 1 860 ; ' Fraraley Parson- 
 age,' 1861 ; 'Tales of all Countries,' 
 let ser., 1861 ; 2ud ser., 1863 ; 3rd 
 ser., 1870; ' Orley Farm,' 1862; 
 'North America' (2 vols.), 1862; 
 'Rachel Ray,' 1863; 'The Small 
 House at Allington,' 1864 ; ' Can 
 You Forgive Her?' (2 vols.), 1864-65; 
 
284 
 
 TROLLOPE 
 
 * Miss Mackenzie,' 1865 ; ' Hunting 
 Sketches' (from 'Pall Mall Gaz.'), 
 1865; 'Clergymen of the Church of 
 England' (from 'Pall Mall Gaz.'), 
 1866; 'Travelling Sketches' (from 
 ' Pall Mall Gaz.'), 1866 ; ' The Belton 
 Estate,' 1866 ; 'The Claverings,' 1867 ; 
 ' The Last Chronicle of Barset,' 1867 
 [18G6]; 'Nina Balatka ' (anon.), 
 
 1867 ; * Lotta Schmidt, and other 
 stories,' 1867 ; 'Linda Tressel ' (anon.), 
 
 1868 ; ' Phineas Finn,' 1869 ; « He 
 knew He was Right,' 1869 ; ' The 
 Struggles of Brown, Jones, and Robin- 
 son,' 1870 ; ' The Vicar of Bull- 
 hampton,' 1870 ; ' An Editor's Tales,' 
 1870; 'Caesar,' 1870; 'Sir Harry 
 Hotspur of Humblethwaite,' 1871 
 [1870]; 'Ralph the Heir,' 1871; 
 'The Golden Lion of Granpbre,' 
 1872 ; 'The Eustace Diamonds,' 1873 
 [1872]; ' Australia and New Zealand,' 
 1873; 'Phineas Redux,' 1874; 
 ' Harry Heathcote of Gangoil,' 1874 ; 
 'Lady Anna,' 1874; 'The Way We 
 Live Now,' 1875 ; ' The Prime 
 Minister,' 1876; 'The American 
 Senator,' 1877 ; ' How the "Mastiffs" 
 went to Iceland' (priv. ptd.), 1878; 
 'Is he Popenjoy?' 1878; 'South 
 Africa,' 1878; 'John Caldigate,' 
 1879; 'An Eye for an Eye,' 1879 ; 
 •Cousin Henry,' 1879 ; 'Thackeray,' 
 1879 ; 'The Duke's Children,' 1880 ; 
 'Life of Cicero,' 1880; ' Ayala's 
 Angel,' 1881 ; ' Doctor Wortle's 
 School,' 1881 ; ' Why Frau Frohmann 
 raised her Prices, etc.,' 1882 [1881] ; 
 •Lord Palmerston,' 1882; 'The Fixed 
 Period,' 1882; 'Kept in the Dark,' 
 1882; * Marion Fay,' 1882. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Mr. Scarborough's 
 Family,' 1883 ; 'Autobiography,' ed. 
 byH. M. Trollope (2 vols.), 1883; 
 'The Land Leaguers,' 1883; 'An 
 Old Man's Love,' 1884 ; * Thompson 
 Hall, etc.,' 1885. 
 
 TROLLOPE (Mrs. Frances), 1780- 
 1863. [Mother of preceding.] Born 
 [Frances Milton], at Stapleton, near 
 Bristol, 10 March 1780. Lived for 
 some time in London, keeping house 
 for her brother after her father's 
 second marriage. Married to Thomas 
 
 Anthony Trollope, 23 May 1809. In 
 America, Dec. 1827 to summer of 
 
 1831. Adopted literary career on her 
 return. Contrib, to 'The Magpie,' 
 
 1832. Travelled in Belgium and 
 Germany, 1833. Lived ut Bruges, 
 1834-35 ; husband died there, 23 Oct. 
 1835. Settled at Hadley, Jan. 1836. 
 Travelled in Germany and Austria, 
 July 1836 to June 1837 ; returned to 
 Hadley. Occasional visits to London. 
 Visited Paris, 1840. Visit to Italy, 
 1841. Lived at Carlton Hill, Cum- 
 berland, July 1842 to April 1843. 
 Settled in Florence, 1843. Died there, 
 6 Oct. 1863 ; buried in Protestant 
 cemetery there. 
 
 Works : ' Domestic Manners of the 
 Americans ' (2 vols.), 1831 ; ' The 
 Refugee in America,' 1832; 'The 
 Abbess,' 1833; 'The Mother's 
 Manual' (under initials; F. T.), 
 1833; 'Belgium and Western Ger- 
 many in 1833 ' (2 vols.), 1834 ; ' Tre- 
 mordyn Cliff,' 1835; 'Paris and the 
 Parisians in 1835' (2 vols.), 1836; 
 'Life and Adventures of Jonathan 
 Jefferson Whitlaw,' 1836 ; ' The Vicar 
 of Wrexhill,' 1837 ; * Vienna and the 
 Austrian8'(2 vols.), 1838; 'Romance 
 of Vienna,' 1838 ; ' The Widow Bar- 
 naby,' 1839; 'Life and Adventures 
 of Michael Armstrong,' 1840; 'One 
 Fault,' 1840 ; ' The Widow Married,' 
 1840 ; • The Young Countess,' 1840 ; 
 'Charles Chesterfield,' 1841; 'The 
 Blue Belles of England,' 1842; 'A 
 Visit to Italy,' 1842 ; 'The Ward of 
 Thorpe-Combe,' 1842; 'The Bar- 
 nabys in America,' 1843 ; 'Hargrave,' 
 1843; 'Jessie Phillips,' 1844; 'The 
 Lauringtons,' 1844 ; * Young Love,' 
 1844 ; 'The Attractive Man,' 1846 ; 
 ' Travels and Travellers ' (2 vols. ), 
 1846; 'The Robertses on their 
 Travels,' 1846; 'Father Eustace* 
 1847; 'The Three Cousins,' 1847; 
 ' Town and Country,' 1848 (later edn., 
 called 'Days of the Regency,' 1857) ; 
 ' The Lottery of Marriage,' 1849 ; 
 ' The Old World and the New,' 1849 ; 
 • Petticoat Government,' 1850 ; 'Mrs. 
 Matthews,' 1851; 'Second Love,' 
 1851; 'Uncle Walter,' 1852; 'The 
 Young Heiress,' 1853 ; ' The Life and 
 
TE OLLOPE -TUPPER 
 
 285 
 
 Adventures of a Clever Woman,' 1854 ; 
 ' Gertrude/ 1855 ; 'Fashionable Life,' 
 1856. 
 
 She edited: T. A. Trollope's *A 
 Summer in Brittany,' 1840; and *A 
 Summer in Western France,' 1841. 
 
 TBOLLOFE (Thomas Adolphus), 
 1810-1892. [Son of preceding.] Bom, 
 in London, 29 April 1810. To Win- 
 chester Coll., 1820. Matric. St. Alban 
 Hall, Oxford, 16 Oct. 1829; B.A. 
 from Magdalen Hall, 1835. Visit to 
 America with his father, 1828. Assis- 
 tant Master, King Edward's School, 
 Birmingham, 1837-38. Lived with 
 his mother till '>jr marriage. Married 
 (i.) Theodosia Garrow, 3 April 1848. 
 Italian Order of St. Maurice, 1862. 
 Wife died, 13 April 1865. Married 
 (ii.) Frances Eleanor Ternan, Oct. 
 1866. Removed from Florence to 
 Rome, 1873. Foreign correspondent 
 to 'Standard' at Rome, 1873-86. 
 Returned to England, and settled at 
 Budleigh Salterton, Devonshire, 1888. 
 Frequent contributor to periodicals. 
 Died, at Budleigh Salterton, 11 Nov. 
 1892. 
 
 Works : ' A Summer in Brittany ' 
 (2 vols.), 1840; 'A Summer in 
 Western France' (2 vols.), 1841; 
 ' Impressions of a Wanderer,' 1850 ; 
 'The Girlhood of Catherine de Medici,' 
 1856 ; ' A Decade of Italian Women ' 
 (2 vols.), 1859; 'Tuscany in 1849 
 and in 1859,' 1859 ; 'Filippo Strozzi,' 
 1860; 'Paul V. the Pope and Paul 
 the Friar,' 1861 [1860] ; ' La Beata,' 
 1861 ; 'Marietta,' 1862; 'A Lenten 
 Journey in Umbria,* 1862; 'Giulio '. 
 Malatesta,' 1863 ; ' Beppo the Con- | 
 script,' 1864 ; ' Lindisfam Chase,' i 
 1864; 'A History of the Common- j 
 wealth of Florence ' (4 vols.), 1865 ; i 
 'Gemma,' 1866; 'Artingale Castle,' ! 
 1867 ; • The Dream Numbers,' 1868 ; | 
 ' Leonora Casaloni,' 1869 ; ' The Gar- j 
 stangs,' 1869; 'A Siren,' 1870; 
 ♦Durnton Abbey,' 1871 ; 'The Stil- I 
 winches of Combe Mavis,' 1872 ; 
 ' Diamond Cut Diamond,' 1875 ; 'The 
 Papal Conclaves,' 1876; 'A Peep 
 behind the Scenes at Rome,* 1877; 
 'The Story of the Life of Pius the 
 
 Ninth' (2 vols.), 1877; 'A Family 
 Party in the Piazza of St. Peter,' 
 1877 ; 'Sketches from French History,' 
 1878; 'The Homes and Haunts of 
 the Italian Poets' (with F. E. TroU- 
 ope), 1881 ; 'What I Remember,' 
 vols, i., il, 1887; vol. iii. ('Further 
 Reminiscences'). 1889. 
 
 He edited: C. Stieler's 'Italy,' 
 1877. 
 
 TUPPEK (Martin Farquhar), 1810- 
 1889. Born, in London, 17 July 
 1810. Early education at Charter- 
 house School. Matric. Ch. Ch., 
 Oxford, 21 May 1828; BA., 1832; 
 ]\r.A., 1835 ; D.C.L., 1847. Student 
 of Lincoln's Inn, 18 Jan. 1832 ; called 
 to Bar, 24 Nov. 1835. Married Isa- 
 bella Devis, 26 Nov. 1835. F.R.S., 
 1845. Visited America, 1851 and 
 1876. Resided greater part of life at 
 Albury House, near Guildford. Died 
 there, 29 Nov. 1889. 
 
 Works: 'Poems' (anon.). 1832; 
 'Proverbial Philosophy,' 1838; 2nd 
 series, 1842 ; 3rd series, 1867 ; series 
 1-4, 1871 ; ' Geraldine,' 1838 ; * A 
 Modem Pyramid,' 1839; 'An 
 Author's Mind,' 1841 ; ' St. Martha's ' 
 (priv. ptd.), 1841 ; 'The Crock of 
 Gold,' 1844; 'Heart,' 1844; 'The 
 Twins,' 1844; 'A Thousand Lines' 
 (anon.), 1845 ; 'Probabilities' (anon.), 
 1847; 'Hactenus,' 1848 ; 'Surrey,' 
 1849 ; ' Ballads for the Times ' [1850] ; 
 'Farley Heath,' 1850; 'King Al- 
 fred's Poems in Entjlish Metres,' 1851 ; 
 ' Half a Dozen No Popery Ballads ' 
 [1851]; 'Hymns for All Nations,' 
 1851 ; 'St. Martha's' (with J. Tudor), 
 1851 ; ' Dirge for Wellington,' 1852 ; 
 ' Half-a-Dozen Ballads for Australian 
 Emigrants,' 1853 ; ' A Batch of War 
 Ballads,' 1854 ; 'A Dozen Ballads 
 for the Times ' (anon.), 1854 ; 'Lyrics 
 of the Heart and Mind,' 1855 ; 
 'Paterfamilias's Diary of Everybody's 
 Tour' (anon.), 1856; 'Rides and 
 Reveries of the late Mr. ^sop Smith' 
 (anon.), 1858 [1857] ; ' Stephen Lang- 
 ton,' 1858 ; 'Some Verse and Prose 
 about National Rifle Clubs,' 1858 ; 
 ' Alfred' (priv. ptd.), 1858 ; 'Three 
 Hundred Sonnets,' 1860 ; ' Our Greet- 
 
286 
 
 TWAIN— TYND ALE 
 
 ing to the Princess Alexandra,' 1863 ; 
 'Ode for the 300th Birthday of 
 Shakespeare,' 1864 ; ' Plan of the 
 Ritualistic Campaign' (priv. ptd.)> 
 [1865]; 'Selections . . . Together 
 with some Poems never before pub- 
 lished,' 1866 ; • Raleigh,' 1866 ; 
 'Tapper's Directorium,' 1868; 'Our 
 Canadian Dominion,' 1868 ; ' Twenty- 
 one Protestant Ballads ' (from * The 
 Rock '), 1868 ; * A Creed and Hymns,' 
 1870 ; ♦ Fifty Protestant Ballads,' 
 1874; 'Washington,' 1876; 'Three 
 Five- Act Plavs, and Twelve Dramatic 
 Scenes,' 1882; 'Jubilate' [1886]; 
 'My Life as an Author,' 1886. 
 
 He edited: W. G. Tupper's 'Out 
 and Home,' 1856. 
 
 TWAIN (Mark) [pseud., i.e., 
 Sanmel Langhorne Clemens], b. 1835. 
 Born, in Florida, Missouri, U.S.A., 
 30 Nov. 1835. Educated at village 
 school at Hannibal, Mo. Apprenticed 
 to a printer, 1848. Pilot on the Mis- 
 sissippi, 1858. To Nevada, as Private 
 Sec. to his brother, the Sec. of the 
 Territory, 1861. Also engaged in 
 mining industry in NevacUi. City 
 editor of the Virginia * Daily Enter- 
 prise,' 1862-65. To San Francisco, 
 1865. On staff of 'Morning Call,' 
 1865. Visit to Hawaii, 1866. Visit 
 to Egypt and Palestine, 1867. Ed. 
 BuflFalo 'Daily Express,' 1869-71. 
 Married Olivia Langdon, 1870. Settled 
 in Hartford, Conn., Oct. 1871. Lec- 
 tured in England, 1872. Dramatized 
 version of story ' The Gilded Age ' 
 (written with C. D. Warner) produced 
 at New York, 1874. Founded pub- 
 lishing house in New York, 1884. 
 
 Wor1c» : * The Celebrated Jumping 
 Frog,' 1867; * The Innocents Abroad,' 
 1869 ; • The New Pilgrim's Progress,' 
 1870; 'Roughing It,' 1872; 'A Curious 
 Dream, and other Sketches ' [1872] ; 
 ' Sketches, Old and New,' 1873 ; 
 *Tbe Gilded Age' (with C. D. 
 Warner), 1873 ; ' Adventures of Tom 
 Sawyer,' 1876 ; ' Information Wanted, 
 and other Sketches ' [1876] ; ' A True 
 Siory,' 1877 ; ' The Mif^sissippi Pilot ' 
 [1877]; 'Punch, Brothers, f'unch,' 
 1878 i 'An Idle Excursion,' 1878; 
 
 *A Tramp Abroad,' 1880; 'The 
 Prince and the Pauper,' 1881 ; ' The 
 Stolen White Elephant,' 1882 ; ' Life 
 on the Mississippi,' 1883; 'The Ad- 
 ventures of Huckleberry Finn,' 1884; 
 *A Yankee at the Court of King 
 Arthur,' 1889 ; * The American 
 Claimant,' 1892; 'The £1,000,000 
 Bank-Note,' 1893 ; 'Pudd'nhead 
 Wilson,' 1894 ; 'Tom Sawyer Abroad,' 
 1894 ; * Personal Recollections of 
 Joan of Arc,' 1896; 'Tom Sawyer, 
 Detective,' 1897 [1896]. 
 
 He has edited : * Mark Twain's 
 Library of Humour,' 1888. 
 
 TYLOR (Edward Burnett), b. 1832. 
 Born, at Camberwell, 2 Oct. 1832. 
 Educated at school of Soc. of Friends, 
 Tottenham. On scientific expedition 
 to Mexico, 1856. F.R.S., 1871. 
 Hon. LL.D., St. Andrew's, 1873. 
 Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 9 June 1875. 
 Keeper of Oxford Univ. Museum 
 since March 1883. Reader in An- 
 thropology, Oxford, Oct. 1883 ; Hon. 
 M.A,, by decree, 20 Nov. 1883. 
 Giflford Lecturer, Aberdeen, 1888-89. 
 I'res. of Anthropological Institute, 
 1-80-81, 1891-92. Prof, of Anthro- 
 pology, Oxford, 1896. 
 
 Works: 'Anahuac,' 1861; 'Re- 
 searches into the Early History of 
 Mankind,' 1865 ; 'Primitive Culture' 
 (2 vols.), 1871 ; ' Anthropology,* 
 1881. 
 
 TYNDALE (William), 1484 [?]- 
 1536. Born, in Gloucestershire, about 
 1484. Educated at Magdalen Hall, 
 Oxford (possibly also at Cambridge). 
 B.A., Oxford, 1512; M.A., 1515. 
 Tutor in household of Sir John Welch, 
 at Little Sodbury, 1521-23 ; in house- 
 hold of Humphrey Monmouth, in 
 London, 1523-24. To Germany, 1524 ; 
 occupied himself with his translation 
 of New Testament into English. In 
 consequence of this was arrested as a 
 heretic, 1535 ; imprisoned in Vilvorde 
 Castle ; executed there, 6 Oct. 1536. 
 
 Works : * The New Testament 
 translated into English,' 1525; *A 
 Treatyse of Justificacyon by Faith 
 only,' 1528; 'The Obediece of a 
 
TYNDALL— TYRWHITT 
 
 287 
 
 Christen Man,' 1528 ; * The Parable 
 of the Wycked Mammon,' 1528 ; 
 'Exposition on 1 Cor. vii.' (anon.), 
 1529; 'Translation of the Book of 
 Moses called Genesi.s,' 1530; 'An 
 Answere unto Sir T. More's Dialoge ' 
 [1530]; 'The Practice of Prelates,' 
 1530; 'The prophetic Jonas' (under 
 initials : W. T.), [1531 ?] ; 'The Ex- 
 position of the fyrste Epistle of seynt 
 Jhon' (under initials : W. T.), 1531 ; 
 'The Supper of the Lorde ' (anon.), 
 1533 ; ' The Pentateuch, newly cor- 
 rected and amended,' 1534 ; ' An Ex- 
 posicion upon the v., vi., vii. chapters 
 of Matthew,' 1648; 'A Briefe De- 
 claration of the Sacraments ' [1550 ?]. 
 
 Posthumous : ' A fruitefull Expo- 
 sition . . . upon the Epistle of Saint 
 Paul to the Romans,' 1643. 
 
 Collected Works: in 2 vols., 1572- 
 73. 
 
 Life : by G. B. Smith [1896]. 
 
 TYNDALL (John), 1820-1893. 
 Born, at Leigliubridge, near Carlow, 
 Ireland, 21 Aug. 1820. Early educa- 
 tion at village school. On Irish Ord- 
 nance Survey, 1839-44. Held post 
 as engineer, 1844 - 47. Assistant 
 Master at Queenwood Coll., Hamps., 
 ]847. Studied in Germany, 1848-51. 
 F.R.S., 1853. Prof, of Nat, Philos., 
 Royal Institution, 1853 ; Resident 
 Director, 1867-87. Examiner to 
 Council of Military Education, 1855. 
 First visit to Switzerland, with Prof. 
 Huxley, to study glaciers, 1856. Rum- 
 ford Medal, Royal Society, 1864. 
 Hon. LL.D., Camb., 1865. Hon. 
 LL.D., Edinburgh, 1866. Lectured 
 in U.S.A., 1872. Hon. D.O.L., Ox- 
 ford, 18 June 1873. Pres. British 
 Association, 1874. Married Hon. 
 Louisa Hamilton, 29 Feb. 1876. Pres, 
 of Birmingham and Midland Insti- 
 tute, 1877. For some years Scientific 
 Adviser to Board of Trade ; resigned, 
 1883. F.G.S. Died, at Haslemere, 
 4 Dec. 1893. 
 
 Works: ' The Glaciers of the Alps,' 
 1860; 'Mountaineering in 1861,' 
 1362; 'Heat considered ae a Mode 
 of Motion,' 1863 ; ' Oa Radiation,' 
 1865 ; ' Sound,' 1867 ; ' Faraday as a 
 
 Discoverer,' 1868 ; ' Natural Philo- 
 sophy in Easy Lessons ' [1869] ; 
 ' Notes of a Course of Nine Lectures 
 on Light,' 1839 ; ' Researches on Dia- 
 raagnetism,' 1870 ; * Notes of a Course 
 of Seven Lectures on Electrical Pheno- 
 mena,' 1870 ; ' On the Scientific use 
 of the Imagination,* 1870 ; ' Hours of 
 Exercise in the Alps,' 1871 ; 'Frag- 
 ments of Science for Unscientific 
 People' (2 vols.), 1871; 'Contribu- 
 tions to Molecular Physics,' 1872 ; 
 ♦The Forms of Water,' 1873 ; 'Prin- 
 cipal Forbes and his Biographers,' 
 
 1873 ; • Six Lectures on Light,' 1873 ; 
 ' Address delivered before the British 
 Association,' 1874; 'On the Trans- 
 mission of Sound by the Atmosphere,' 
 
 1874 ; 'Lessons in Electricity,' 1876 ; 
 'Fermentation,' 1877; 'The Sabbath,' 
 1880 ; ' Essays on the Fl(mtiMg Matter 
 of the Air,' 1881 ; 'Free Molecules 
 and Radiant Ueat,' 1882 ; ' Perverted 
 Politics' (from 'St. James's Gaz.'), 
 1 887 ; ' Mr. Gladstone and Home 
 R'lle,' 1887 ; ' New Fragments,' 1892 
 [1891]. 
 
 TYRWHITT (Thomas), 1730-1786. 
 Born, in London, 1730. Ed'ica<^ed at 
 Eton. Matric. Queen's Coll., Oxford, 
 9 May 1747 ; B.A., 1750. Fellow of 
 Merton Coll., 1755 ; M.A., 1756. 
 C illed to Bar at Middle Temple, 1755. 
 Under-Secretary, War Dept., 1756. 
 Clerk of House of Commons, 1762-68. 
 Curator of British Museum, 1784. 
 F.R.S. F.S.A. Died, 15 Aug. 1786. 
 
 Works : ' Epistle of Florio at 
 Oxford' (anon.), 1749; 'Translations 
 in Verse,' 1752 ; ' Observations and 
 Conjectures on some Pa=sages of 
 Shakespeare' (anon.), 1766; ' Dis- 
 sertatio de Babrio' (anon.), 1776. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Coujecturae in Stra- 
 bonem ' [1783] ; ' Conjectura in 
 ^schylum, Earipidem et Aristo- 
 phanem,' 1822. 
 
 He edited : ' Proceedings and De- 
 bates in the House of Commons, 
 1620-21 ' (2 vols.), 1766 ; H. Elsyng^'s 
 'The Manner of holding Parliaments 
 in England,* 1763 ; ' Fragmenta duo 
 Plutai-chi,' 1773 ; Chaucer's 'Cantar- 
 bary Tiiles,' 1775-78; 'Rowley's 
 
288 
 
 UPALL— VANBRUGH 
 
 Poeina,' 1777; 'Aristotelis DePoeticu 
 liber,' 1794. 
 
 UDAIL (Nicholas), 1506-1556. 
 Born, in Hamp^ihire, 1506. Scholar 
 of Corpus Christi Coll.. Oxford, June 
 1520 ; 15.A., 30 May 1524 ; Fellow, 
 1524 ; M.A., 19 June 1534. Assistant- 
 Master, Eton. 1534. Head-Master of 
 Westminster School. For a time Vicar 
 of Braintree, Essex, 1537-44. Rector of 
 Calbourne, Isle of Wight, 1552. 
 Canon of Windsor, 1553. Died, 1556. 
 Buried at St. Margaret's, West- 
 minster. 
 
 Works : * Floures for Latin 
 Spekynge, selected and gathered out 
 of Terence, and the same translated 
 into Englysshe,' 1533 ; translations 
 of Erasmus' ' Apophthegmes,' 1542, 
 and 'Paraphrases,' 1548, etc.; of 
 Geminus' * Compendiosa totius An- 
 atomic delineatio,' 1553. 
 
 Posthumous : * Ralph Roister- 
 Doister,' 1566. 
 
 USSHER (James), Archbishop of 
 Armagh, 1580-1656. Born, in Dublin, 
 4 Jan. 1580. Eaily education at 
 Dublin Free School, 1589-93. Matric, 
 Trin. Coll., Dublin, 9 Jan. 1593 ; 
 Scholar; B.A., 1596; M.A., 1600; 
 Fellow and Catechist, 1600. Or- 
 dained Deacon and Priest, 1601. 
 Chancellor of St. Patrick's Cathedral 
 and Vicar of Finglas, 1606. Prof, of 
 Divinity, Trin. Coll., 1607-21 ; B.D., 
 1607 ; D.D., 1614. Married Phoebe 
 Challoner, 1614. Vice - Chancellor, 
 Trin. Coll., 1614. Chaplain in Ordi- 
 nary to the King, 1620. Bishop of 
 Meath, 1621. Privy Councillor, 1623. 
 Archbishop of Armagh, 1624. Mem- 
 ber of Gray's Inn, 1624. Incorporated 
 D.D., Oxford, 24 July 1626. Re- 
 moved to Oxford, 1640 ; resided there 
 till 1645. Bishop of Carlisle * in com- 
 mendam,' 1642. At Cardiff, 1645-46. 
 Removed to London, June 1646. 
 Lecturer at Lincoln's Inn, 1647-55. 
 Died, at Reigate, 21 March 1656. 
 Buried in St. Paul's Cathedral. 
 
 WorJ:s : * Gravissimae Qusestionis de 
 Christianarnm Eccleaiarum . . . con- 
 *iinua successione et statu, historia ex- 
 
 plicatio,' 1613 ; ' The Substance of . . . 
 a Sermon before the Commons,' 1621 ; 
 ' Discourse of the Religion anciently 
 professed by the Irish and Scottish,' 
 1622 ; * Answer to a Challenge made 
 by a Jesuite in Ireland,' 1624 ; ' Got- 
 te?chalci, et Prsedestinationae Contro- 
 versiae ab eo motae, historia,' 1631 ; 
 'Veterum epistolarura Hibernicaruna 
 S.vlloge,' 1632 ; ' Immanuel,' 1638 ; 
 
 * Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Anti- 
 quitates,' 1639 ; ' Directions pro- 
 pounded ... to the High Court of 
 Parliament ' (anon.), 1641 ; * Vox 
 Hibernse,' 1642 ; * A Geographicall . . . 
 Disquisition touching the Asia pro- 
 perly so called,' 1643 ; * The Principles 
 of Christian Religion,' 1644 ; ' The 
 Soveraignes Power and the Subjects 
 Duty,' 1644; ' Efc-dy of Divinitie,' 
 1645 ; 'De Romanse Ecclesise Symbolo 
 apostolico vetere,' 1647; 'De Mace- 
 donum et Asianorum Anno solari,' 
 1648 ; ' Annales Veteris et Novi Test- 
 am enti ' (2 vols.), 1650-54; ' De 
 Textus Hebraic! Veteris Testament! 
 variantibus lectionibus,' 1652 ; ' De 
 Grseca Septuaginta Interpretum ver- 
 sione syntagma,' 1655 ; ' The Reduc- 
 tion of Episcopacie unto the form of 
 Sy nodical Government,' 1656. 
 
 Posthumous: 'A Method for Medi- 
 tation,' 1657 ; 'The Judgement of the 
 late Archbishop of Armagh ' (2 series), 
 1657-59 ; ' Eighteen Sermons,' 1659 ; 
 'Chronologia Sacra,' 1660; 'Strange 
 and Remarkable Prophecies,' 1678 ; 
 
 * Episcopal and Presbyterian Govern- 
 ment conjoyned,' 1679 ; 'The Protes- 
 tant School,' 1681 ; ' Opuscula Duo,' 
 1687 ; ' Historia Dogmatica Contro- 
 versies inter Orthodoxos et Pontificioa 
 de Scripturis et Sacris vernaculis,' 
 1690. 
 
 He edited : ' SS. Polycarpi et Ig- 
 natii Epistolse,' 1644. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by C. R. El- 
 rington (17 vols.), 1847-64. 
 
 Life : by J. A. Carr, 1895. 
 
 VANBEUGH(5tV John), 1664-1726. 
 Born, in London, Jan. 1664; baptized, 
 24 Jan. Probably spent some time in 
 Paris in youth ; afterwards served in 
 Army. Play, ',The Relapse,' performed 
 
VAUGHAN- WAKEFIELD 
 
 289 
 
 at Drury Lane, Dec. 1696T '^aop,' 
 Drury Lane, Jan. 1697 ; * The Pro- 
 vok'd Wife,' Lincoln's Inn Fields, 
 May 1697 ; 'The False Friend,' Drury 
 Lane, Jan. 1702. Practised as an 
 architect. Built Castle Howard, 
 Blenheim, and other important houses. 
 Appointed Controller of Royal Works, 
 1702. Play, ' Squire Trelooby ' 
 (written with Congreve and Walsh), 
 produced at Lincoln's Inn Fields, 30 
 March 1704 ; 'The Country House,' 
 1705. Built a theatre in the Hay- 
 market. His play, * The Confederacy,' 
 produced there, 30 Oct. 1705 ; 'The 
 Mistake,' 27 Dec. 1705. Clarencieux 
 King-at-Arms, 1705-26. To Hanover, 
 on embassy to convey Order of Garter 
 to the Elector, May 1706. Knighted, 
 19 Sept. 1714. Surveyor of Gardens 
 and Waters, 1715. Surveyor of Works, 
 Greenwich Hospital, 1716. Member 
 of Kit-Kat Club. Married Henrietta 
 Maria Yarburgh, 1 4 Jan. 1719. Died, 
 in London, 26 March 1726. Buried 
 in St. Stephen's, Walbrook. 
 
 Works : * The Relapse ' (anon.), 
 1697 (afterwards known, in Sheridan's 
 adaptation, as * A Trip to Scarborough ' ) ; 
 'The Provok'd Wife' (anon.), 1697 j 
 •^sop,' 1697 ; 'A Short Vindication 
 Df "The Relapse" and "The Provok'd 
 Wife " ' (anon. ), 1698 ; ' The Pilgtim ' 
 (adapted from Dryden ; anon.), 1700 ; 
 ♦The False Friend' (anon.), 1702; 
 'The Confederacy' (anon.), 1705; 
 'The Mistake' (anon.), 1706 ; 'The 
 Country House ' (trans, from the 
 French of Carton D'Ancourt), 1715. 
 
 Posthumous: 'The Provok'd Hus- 
 band' (completed by Cibber from 
 Vanbrugh's * A Journey to London '), 
 1728; 'The Cornish Squire' (trans, 
 from Molifere), 1734. 
 
 Collected Works : in 2 vols., ed. by 
 W. C. Ward, 1893. 
 
 VAUGHAN (Henry), the Silurist, 
 1622-1695. Born, at Skethiog-on- 
 Usk, Brecknockshire, 1622. Privately 
 educated at Llangattock, 1632-38. 
 Matric. Jesus Coll., Oxford, 1628. 
 After leaving Oxford studied medicine 
 and took M.D. degree. Settled in 
 practice at Brecon. Afterwards re- 
 
 moved to Skethiog. Married ; perhaps 
 twice. Died, at Skethiog, 23 April 
 1695. Buried in Llansaintfraed 
 Churchyard. 
 
 Works : ' Poems/ 1646 ; * Silex 
 Scintillans,' 1650 ; ' Olor Iscanua,' 
 1651 ; ' The Mount of Olives,' 1652 ; 
 ' Flores Solitudinis,' 1654 ; ' Thalia 
 Rediviva,' 1678. 
 
 He translated : H. NoUe's * Herm- 
 etical Physick,' 1655 ; and edited: 
 R. Vaughan's ' Discourse of Coin and 
 Coinage,' 1675. 
 
 Collected Works : in 4 vols., ed. by 
 A. B. Grosart, 1871. 
 
 WADE (Thomas), 1805 - 1875. 
 Born, 1805. Play, ' Woman's Love,' 
 produced at Covent Garden, 17 Dec. 
 1828 ; ' The Phrenologists,' Covent 
 Garden, 12 Jan. 1830 ; ' The Jew of 
 Arragon,' Covent Garden, 20 Oct. 
 1880. Contrib. to ' Monthly Reposi- 
 tory,' 'The National,' 'Illuminated 
 Mag.,' ♦ Peopie's Journal,' and other 
 periodicals. Married Mrs. Lucy 
 Bridgman, 1836 [?]. For a short time 
 editor of 'Bell's Weekly Messenger' 
 about 1840. Removed to Jersey. 
 Edited ' Wade's London Review,' 
 1845-46. Died, 1875. 
 
 Works: 'Tasso and the Sisters,' 
 1825 ; 'Woman's Love' (anon.) 1829; 
 * The Phrenologists,' 1830 ; ' The 
 Jew of Arragon,' 1830; 'Mundi et 
 Cordis : de Rebus Sempiternis et 
 Temporariis : Carmina,' 1835 ; ' The 
 Contentionof Death and Love' (anon.), 
 1837 ; 'Helena,' 1837 ; 'The Shadow- 
 Seeker,' 1837 ; ' Prothanasia,' 1839 ; 
 ' What does " Hamlet " mean V 
 [1840]. 
 
 WAKEFIELD (Gilbert), 1756-1801. 
 Born, at Nottingham, 22 Feb. 1756. 
 Early education at private schools at 
 Nottingham, Wilford, and Richmond. 
 Scholar of Jesus Coll., Camb., April 
 1772; B.A., 16 Jan. 1776; Fellow, 
 April 1776 to March 1779. Ordained 
 Deacon, 22 March 1778. Curate of 
 Stockport, Cheshire, May to Aug. 
 1778. Curate of St. Peter's, Liver- 
 pool, Oct. 1778 to March 1779. Mar- 
 ried, 23 March 1779. Master at Dis- 
 19 
 
290 
 
 WALLACE 
 
 senting Academy, Warrington, 1779- 
 83. Engaged in tuition at Notting- 
 ham, 1784-90. Master in Dissenting 
 Academy, Hackney, July 1790 to Jurie 
 1791. Imprisoned at Dorchester for 
 libel in his * Reply to Some Parts of 
 the Bishop of Llandaflf's Address,' 
 May 1799 to May 1801. Died, in 
 London, 9 Sept. 1801. Buried in 
 Richmond Church. 
 
 Works : * Poemata, Latine partim 
 scripta, partim reddita,' 1776; 'A 
 Plain and Short Account of the Na- 
 ture of Baptism,' 1781 ; ' An Essay 
 on Inspiration,' 1781 ; 'Directions for 
 the Student in Theology,' 1784 ; * A 
 Sermon preached at Richmond,' 1784 ; 
 
 * An Enquiry into the Opinions of the 
 Christian Writers of the first three 
 Centuries concerning the Person of 
 Jesus Christ' (only one vol. pubd.), 
 1784 ; ' Remarks on Dr. Horsley's Or- 
 dination Sermon,' 1788 ; ' Four Marks 
 of Antichrist' (anon.), 1788; 'An 
 Address to the Inhabitants of Notting- 
 ham,' 1789 ; ' Remarks on the In- 
 ternal Evidence of the Christian Re- 
 ligion,' 1789 ; 'Silva Critica ' (5 pts.), 
 1789-95; 'An Address to the . . . 
 Bishop of St. David's,' 1790 ; 'Cur- 
 sory Reflections,' 1790 ; 'An Enquiry 
 into the Expediency ... of Public or 
 Social Worship,' 1791; 'Memoirs,' 
 1792 ; ' Short Strictures on Dr. Priest- 
 ley's Letter,' 1792 ; ' A General Rei'ly 
 to the Arguments against the Enquiry 
 into Public Worship,' 1792 ; * Evi- 
 dences of Christianity,' 1793; 'The 
 Spirit of Christianity,' 1794 (3rd edn. 
 same year) ; ' An Examination of the 
 Age of Reason,' 1794 (2nd edn. same 
 year) ; ' Remarks on the General 
 Orders of the Duke of York,' 1794 ; 
 
 * A Reply to Thomas Paine's Second 
 Part of the Age of Reason,' 1795 ; 
 
 * Observations on Pope,' 1796 ; * A 
 Reply to the Letter of Edmund 
 Burke, Esq., to a Noble Lord,' 1796 ; 
 ' In Euripidis Hecubam . . . diatribe 
 extemporalis,' 1797 ; ' Letter to Jacob 
 Bryant, Esq.,' 1797 ; 'Letter to Wil- 
 liam Wilberforce, Esq.,' 1797; *A 
 Reply to Some Parts of the Bishop of 
 Llandaff's Address to the People of 
 Great Britain,' 1798; 'Letter to Sir 
 
 John Scott,' 1798 ; • Defence ' (priv. 
 ptd.), 1799 ; 'Address to the Judges 
 . . . April 18, 1799 ' (priv. ptd.), 1799 ; 
 ' Address to the Judges . . . May 30, 
 1799 ' (priv. ptd.), 1799 ; ' The First 
 Satire of Juvenal imitated ' (priv. 
 ptd.), 1800; 'Noctes Carcerariae,' 
 1801. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Correspondence . . . 
 with the late Rt. Hon. C. J. Fox,* 
 1813. 
 
 He translated: First Epistle to 
 Thessalonians, 1781 ; St. Matthew, 
 1782 ; ' Those parts only of the New 
 Testament which are wrongly trans- 
 lated in our Common Version,' 1789 ; 
 
 * The New Testament,' 1792 ; 'Poetical 
 Translations from the Antients,' 1795 ; 
 
 * Select Essays of Dio Chrysostom,' 
 1800; and edited: Gray's Poems, 
 1786 ; Virgil's Georgics, 1788 ; Horace's 
 Works, 1794; 'Tragsedium (S^raecarum 
 Delectus,' 1794 ; Pope's Works (only 
 one vol. pubd.), 1794 ; 'Works of 
 Bion and Moschus,' 1795 ; Virgil's 
 Works, 1796 ; Pope's Homer, 1796 ; 
 Lucretius, 1796-97. 
 
 WALLACE (Alfred Russel), b. 
 1823. Born, at Usk, Monmouthshire, 
 8 Jan. 1823. Educated at Hertford 
 Grammar School. Originally a land- 
 surveyor and architect by profession, 
 but eventually devoted himself to 
 science. Travelled extensively, 1848- 
 62. F.R.G.S., 1864; Founders' 
 Gold Medal, 1892. Royal Medal, 
 Royal Society, 1868 ; Darwin Medal, 
 1890; F.R.S., 1893. Gold Medal, 
 Societe de Geog. de Paris, 1870. Fre- 
 quent contributor to periodicals and 
 to journals of learned societies. Civil 
 List Pension, 1881. Hon. LL.D., 
 Dublin, 1882 ; Hon. D.C.L., Oxford, 
 1889. Gold Medal, Linnean Soc, 
 1892. Pres., Land Nationalization 
 Soc, since 1881. 
 
 Works : * Palm Trees of the Ama- 
 zon,' 1853 ; ' A Narrative of Travels 
 on the Amazon,' 1853 ; * The Scientific 
 Aspects of the Supernatural,' 1866 ; 
 'TheMalayArchipelago'(2vols.),1869; 
 
 * Contributions to the Theory of Na- 
 tural Selection,' 1870 ; ' On Miracles 
 and Modern Spiritualism,' 1875 ; 'The 
 
WALLER— WALPOLE 
 
 291 
 
 Geographical Distribution of Animals ' 
 (2 vols.), 1876; 'Tropical Nature,' 
 1878; 'Australasia,' 1879 ; 'Island 
 Life, as illustrating the Laws of the 
 Geographical Distribution of Animals ' 
 [1880] ; 'Land Nationalization,' 1882 
 (3rd edn. same year) ; ' Forty - five 
 Years of Registration Statistics of 
 Vaccination,' 1885 [1884]; 'Bad 
 Times,' 1885 ; ' Darwinism,' 1889 ; 
 'Natural Selection and Tropical 
 Nature,' 1891 ; * Australia and New 
 Zealand,' 1893. 
 
 WALLER (Edmund), 1605-1687. 
 Born, at Coleshill, Herts, 3 March 
 1605. Educated at Eton, and at 
 King's Coll. , Camb. M.P. for Amer- 
 sham, 1621 ; for Chipping Wycombe, 
 1626 ; for Amersham, 1628-29, 1640 ; 
 for Hastings, 1661-78 ; for Saltash, 
 1685-87. Married (i.) Anna Banks, 
 15 July 1631 ; (ii.) Mary Bresse [or 
 Breaux ?]. Imprisoned for a year, and 
 fined, for high treason, 1643-44 ; 
 exiled, in France, 1644-53. Died, at 
 Beaconsfield, 21 Oct. 1687. Buried 
 there. 
 
 Works : Four Speeches in the 
 House of Commons, pubd. separately, 
 1641 ; ' Speech ... 4 July, 1643,' 
 1643 ; 'Workes,' 1645 ; 'A Panegy- 
 rick to my Lord Protector' (under 
 initials: E. W.), 1655; 'Upon the 
 late Storme and Death of his Highness 
 ensuing the same ' [1658] ; * To the 
 King, upon his Majestie's Happy Re- 
 turn ' [1660] ; * Poem on St. James's 
 Park,' 1661 ; ' To my Lady Morton ' 
 (anon.), 1661 ; ' To the Queen ' [1663] ; 
 * Pompey the Great ' (with others ; 
 anon.), 1664; 'Upon her Majesties 
 new buildings at Somerset House,' 
 1665 ; ' Instructions to a Painter,' 
 1666. 
 
 Posthumous : ' The Maids Tragedy 
 altered, etc.,' 1690. 
 
 Collected Works • 'Poems,' ed. by 
 G. T. Drury, 1893. 
 
 Life : by P. Stockdale, 1772. 
 
 WALPOLE (Horace), Earl of Or- 
 ford, 1717-1797. Born, in London, 
 24 Sept. 1717. Educated at Eton, 
 April 1727 to Sept. 1734. Entered 
 at Lincoln's Inn, 27 May 1731. To 
 
 King's Coll., Camb., March 1735. 
 Inspector of Imports and Exports, 
 1737-38; Usher of the Exchequer, 
 1738 ; Comptroller of the Pipe, 1738 ; 
 Clerk of the Estreats, 1738. Left 
 Cambridge, March 1739. Travelled 
 on Continent, 1739-41. M.P. for 
 Callington, 1741-44. Settled at Straw- 
 berry Hill, 1747. M.P. for Castle 
 Rising, 1754-57 ; for King's Lynn, 
 1757-68. Succeeded to Earldom of 
 Orford, Dec. 1791. Unmarried. Died, 
 in London, 2 March 1797. Buried at 
 Houghton. 
 
 Works : * Lessons for the Day ' 
 (anon.), 1742; 'Epilogue to Tamer- 
 lane' [1746]; 'iEdes Walpolianae, ' 
 1747; 'Letter from Xo-Ho,' 1757 
 (5th edn. same year) ; 'Fugitive Pieces 
 in Verse and Prose,' 1758 ; ' Catalogue 
 of the Royal and Noble Authors of 
 England' (2 vols.), 1758 ; 'Observa- 
 tions on the Account given of the 
 Catalogue ... in ... the Critical Re- 
 view,' 1759; 'Reflections on the 
 Different Ideas of the French and 
 English in regard to Cruelty ' (anon. ) 
 1759 ; * A Counter- Address to the 
 Public' (anon.), 1764; 'The Castle 
 of Otranto' (anon.), 1765 (2nd edn. 
 same year) ; • An Account of the 
 Giants lately discovered,' 1766 ; ' The 
 Mysterious Mother ' (priv. ptd. ), 1768 ; 
 ' Historic Doubts of the Life and 
 Reign of King Richard the Third,' 
 1768 (2nd edn. same year) ; * Mis- 
 cellaneous Antiquities' (anon.), 1772; 
 'Description of the Villa ... at 
 Strawberry Hill,' 1772; 'Letter to 
 the Editor of the Miscellanies of 
 Thomas Chatterton,' 1779 ; ' To Lady 
 H. Waldegrave' (anon.), [1779]; 
 
 * Hieroglyphick Tales ' (anon.), 1785 ; 
 
 * Essay on Modern Gardening,' 1785 ; 
 ' The Press at Strawberry Hill to . . . 
 the Duke of Clarence ' (anon.), [1790 ?]; 
 
 * Hasty Productions,' 1791. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Letters to . . . Rev. 
 W. Cole and others,' 1818 ; 'Letters 
 to G. Montagu,' 1819 ; ' Private Cor- 
 respondence' (4 vols.), 1820; 'Me- 
 moirs of the Last Ten Years of the 
 Reign of King George II.,' ed. by 
 Lord Holland (2 vols.), 1822 ; 'Let- 
 ters to Sir H. Mann' (7 vols.), 1833- 
 19—2 
 
292 
 
 WALTON— WARBURTON 
 
 44; 'Letters,' ed. by J. Wright (6 
 vols.), 1840; 'Memoirs of the Reign 
 of King George III.,' ed. by Sir D. le 
 Marchant (4 vols.), 1845 ; 'Letters to 
 the Countess of Ossory' (2 vols.), 
 1848 ; ♦ Correspondence with W. 
 Mason,' ed. by J. Mitford (2 vols.), 
 1851 ; * Letters,' ed. by P. Cunning- 
 ham (9 vols.), 1857-58; 'Journal of 
 the Reign of King George the Third 
 
 . . being a Supplement to his Me- 
 moirs,' ed. by Dr. Doran (2 vols.), 
 1859 ; * Supplement to the Historic 
 Doubts,' ed. by Dr. Hawtrey ' (priv. 
 ptd.), 1860-61. 
 
 He edited: P. Hentzner's *A 
 Journey into England,' 1757 ; G. 
 Vertue's 'Anecdotes of Painting in 
 England,' 1762, and * Catalogue of 
 Engravers,' 1763 ; Lord Herbert of 
 Cherbury's Life, 1764; Count de 
 Grammont's ' Memoires,' 1772. 
 
 Collected Works : in 9 vols., 1798- 
 1825. 
 
 Life : by Austin Dobaon, 1890. 
 
 WALTON (Izaak), 1593-1683. Born, 
 at Stafford, 9 Aug. 1593. Established 
 a linen-draper's business in London 
 [about 1620 ?]. Married (i.) Rachel 
 Floud, 1626 ; she died, 1640. Mar- 
 ried (ii.) Anne Ken, 1647 ; she died, 
 1662, Retired from business, 1643. 
 Died, at Winchester, 15 Deo. 1683. 
 
 Works : * Life of John Donne ' 
 (prefixed to Donne's 'Eighty Ser- 
 mons '), 1640 ; ' Life of Sir Henry 
 Wotton ' (in ' Reliquiae Wottonianae '), 
 1651 ; ' The Compleat Angler,' 1653 ; 
 
 * Life of Mr. Richard Hooker,' 1665 ; 
 
 • Life of Mr. George Herbert,' 1670 ; 
 'Life of Dr. Sanderson,' 1678 ; 'Love 
 and Truth ' (anon. ; attrib. to Walton), 
 1680. 
 
 Posthumous : * Waltoniana ; in- 
 edited remains in verse and prose,' ed. 
 by R. H. Shepherd, 1878. 
 
 Life : by T. Zouch, 1825. 
 
 WARBURTON (WUliam), Bishop 
 of Gloucester, 1698-1779. Born, at 
 Newark, 24 Dec. 1698. At school at 
 Newark, and at Oakham Grammar 
 School, till 1714. Articled to an at- 
 torney, 23 April 1714, for five years. 
 Before long gave up legal profession, 
 
 and was ordained Deacon, 1723 ; 
 Priest, 1727. Vicar of Greaseley, 
 1727-28. Created M.A., Camb., 
 April 1728. Rector of Brant-Brough- 
 ton, 1728-46. Rector of Frisby, 1730- 
 56. Chaplain to Prince of Wales, 
 1738. Man led Gertrude Tucker, 5 
 Sept. 1745. Preacher to Lincoln's 
 Inn, 1746. Prebendary of Gloucester, 
 1753-55. Obaplain-in-Ordinary to the 
 King, 1754. D.D.,1754. Prebendary 
 of Durham, 1755-57. Dean of Bristol, 
 1757. Bishop of Gloucester, Dec. 
 1759. Founded a Lectureship at Lin- 
 coln's Inn, 1768. Died, at Gloucester, 
 7 June 1779. Buried in the Cathe- 
 dral. 
 
 Works [exclusive of separate ser- 
 mons] ; ' Miscellaneous Translations ' 
 (anon.), 1724; 'Critical and Philo- 
 sophical Enquiry into the Causes of 
 Prodigies and Miracles ' (anon.), 1727 ; 
 ' The Legal Judicature in Chancery * 
 (anon. ; with S. Burroughs), 1727 ; 
 'The Alliance between Church and 
 State* (anon.), 1736; 'The Divine 
 Legation of Moses ' (2 vols.), 1738-41; 
 ♦ A Vindication of Mr. Pope's Essay 
 on Man,' 1740 ; * Remarks on Several 
 Occasional Reflections ' (2 pts. ), 1745- 
 46 ; ' Two Sermons,' 1746 ; ' Apolo- 
 getical Dedication to . . . Dr. H. Steb- 
 bing,' 1746 ; 'Letter from an Author 
 to an M.P.,' 1747; 'Remarks upon 
 the Principles ... of Dr. Ruther- 
 ford's Essay,' 1747; 'Letter to the 
 Editor of the Letters on the Spirit of 
 Patriotism' (anon.), 1749 ; 'Letter to 
 Viscount Bolingbroke' (anon.), 1749; 
 'Julian,' 1750; 'The Principles of 
 Natural and Revealed Religion ' (3 
 vols.), 1753-67 ; ' A View of Lord 
 Bolingbroke's Philosophy ' (anon.), 
 1756 ; ' Remarks on Mr. D. Hume's 
 Essay on the Natural History of Re- 
 ligion' (anon.; with R. Hurd), 1757 ; 
 ' A Rational Account ... of the 
 Lord's Supper,' 1761 ; * An Enquiry 
 into the Nature ... of Literary Pro- 
 perty' (anon.), 1762; 'The Doctrine 
 of Grace,' 1763. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Tracts by Warbur- 
 ton and a Warburtonian,' 1789 ; 'Let- 
 ters ... to one of his Friends,' 1808; 
 'Letters to the Rt. Hon. Charles 
 
WARD~WARREN 
 
 298 
 
 Yorke' (yiiv. ptd.), 1812; 'Selection 
 from his Unpublished Papers,' ed. by 
 F. Kilvert, 1841. 
 
 He edited : Pope's ' Essay on Man,' 
 1729 ; • Dunciad,' 1749 ; Shakespeare's 
 Plays, 1747 ; * Essay on Criticism/ 
 1751 ; 'Works,' 1751, and 'Additions 
 to Works,' 1776. 
 
 Collected Works : ed. by R. Hurd, 
 new edn. (14 vols.), 1811-41. 
 
 Life: by J. S. Watson, 1863. 
 
 WARD (Edward), 1660 [1]-1731. 
 Bom, in Oxfordshire, 1660 [?]. Settled 
 in London, as keeper of a tavern. 
 Prolific writer of satires. Died, in 
 London, 1731. 
 
 Works: *A Poet's Ramble after 
 Riches ' (anon.), 1691 ; * The Miracles 
 performed by Money ' (anon.), 1692 ; 
 
 * Female Policy Detected ' (under 
 initials: E. W.), 1695 ; 'Ecclesia et 
 Factio' (anon.), 1698; 'The Sot's 
 Paradise' (anon.), 1698; 'The Lon- 
 don Spy,' 1698-1700; 'A Trip to 
 New England' (anon.), 1699; 'A 
 Walk to Islington' (anon.), 1699; 
 'Modem Religion and Ancient 
 Loyalty' (anon.), 1699 ; 'The World 
 Bewitch'd' (anon.), 1699; 'The In- 
 sinuating Bawd' (anon.), 1699; 'A 
 Step to Stir-Bitch Fair' (anon.), 1700; 
 •The Reformer' (anon.), 1700; 'A 
 Frolick to Horn Fair' (anon.), 1700 ; 
 ' The Dancing School ' (anon.), 1700 ; 
 
 * The Libertine's Choice ' (anon. ), 
 1704 ; 'Helter-skelter ' (anon.), 1704; 
 
 * Honesty in Distress ' (anon.), 1705 ; 
 ' HudibrasRedivivus' (anon. ; 2 pts.), 
 1706-07; 'The Wooden World Dis- 
 sected ' (anon.), 1707 ; * The Humours 
 of a Coffee House' (anon.), 1707; 
 'Female Grievances Debated' (anon.), 
 1707; 'The London Terrsefilius' 
 (anon.), 1707-08; 'The Modem 
 World Disrobed,' 1708; 'The For- 
 giving Husband ' (anon. ), 1708 ; ' The 
 Secret History of Clubs' (anon.), 
 1709 ; ' Mars stript of his Armour ' 
 (anon.), 1709; 'The Rambling Fuddle- 
 Cups ' (anon.), 1709 ; ' Marriage Dia- 
 logues ' (anon.), 1709; 'Vulgus Bri- 
 tannicus' (anon.), 1710; 'The Tip- 
 pling Philosophers' (anon.), 1710; 
 'Life and Adventures of Don Quixote; 
 
 merrily translated into Hudibrastick 
 Verse' (2 vols.), 1711-12; 'History 
 of the Grand Rebellion ' (anon.), 1713; 
 ' The Whigs Unmasked,' 1713 ; ' The 
 Republican Procession' (anon.), 1714; 
 'The Field Spy ' (anon.), 1714 ; ' St. 
 Paul's Church ^ (anon.), 1716 ; ' Wine 
 and Wisdom' (anon.), 1719; 'The 
 Delights of the Bottle ' (anon.), 1720 ; 
 'The Northern Cuckold' (anon.), 
 
 1721 ; 'The Wand'ring Spy ' (anon.), 
 
 1722 ; 'The Dancing Devils ' (anon.), 
 1724 ; ' The Merry Travellers ' (anon.), 
 1726 ; 'Durgen' (anon.), 1729. 
 
 He translated : J. AUibond's ' Sea- 
 sonable Sketch ' (from the Latin), 
 1717; Secundus' 'Basia' (with E. 
 Fenton), 1731. 
 
 WARD (Mrs. Mary Augusta), b. 
 1851. [Niece of Matthew Arnold, 
 q.v.] Born [Mary Augusta Arnold] at 
 Hobart Town, Tasmania, 11 June 1851. 
 Contrib. to 'Macmillan's Mag.,' and 
 other periodicals, 1871, etc. ; to ' Diet, 
 of Christian Biog.,' 1877, etc. Married 
 to Thomas Humphry Ward, 6 April 
 1872. One of founders, and Hon. 
 Sec, of University Hall, London, 
 opened Oct. 1890. 
 
 Works: 'Milly and Oily,' 1881; 
 'Miss Bretherton,' 1884; 'Robert 
 Elsmere,' 1888 ; * University Hall : 
 Opening Address,' 1891 ; ' The His- 
 tory of David Grieve,' 1892 ; ' Mar- 
 cella,' 1894 ; ' Unitarians and the 
 Future,' 1894 ; ' The Story of Bessie 
 Oostrell,' 1895 ; ' Sir George Tressady,' 
 1896. 
 
 She has translated : Amiel's * Jour- 
 nal,' 1885. 
 
 WARREN (Jolm Byrne Leicester). 
 See De Tabley. 
 
 WARREN (Samuel), 1807-1877. 
 Born, in Denbighshire, 1807. Studied 
 medicine for a short time at Edinburgh 
 University. Student of Inner Tem- 
 ple, 1828 ; Special Pleader, 1831-37 ; 
 called to Bar, 1837. Contrib. to 
 'Blackwood's Mag.' from Aug. 1830, 
 Q.C., 1851. Bencher of Inner Temple, 
 1851. Recorder of Hull, 1852-74. 
 Hon. D.O.L., Oxford, 9 June 1853. 
 M.P. for Midhurst, 1856-59. Master 
 
294 
 
 WARTON— WATTS 
 
 in Lunacy, 1859-77. Died, 29 July 
 1877. 
 
 Works: 'Passages from the Diary 
 of a Late Physician' (3 vols.), 
 1832-38 ; * Popular and Practical In- 
 troduction to Law Studies,' 1835 ; 
 •The Opium Question,' 1840 (4th 
 edn. same year) ; * Ten Thousand a 
 Year ' (anon.), 1841 ; 'Now and Then,' 
 1847 ; ' The Moral, Social and Pro- 
 fessional Duties of Attorneys and 
 Solicitors,* 1848 ; ' Correspondence . . . 
 relative to the trial of Courvoisier,' 
 1849 ; * Letter to the Queen on a late 
 Court Martial,' 1850 ; ' The Lily and 
 the Bee,' 1851 ; 'The Queen, or the 
 Pope ?' 1851 ; ' Manual of the Par- 
 liamentary Election Law of the 
 United Kingdom,' 1852 ; • Intel- 
 lectual and Moral Development of 
 the Present Age,' 1852 ; * The Law 
 and Practice of Election Committees,' 
 1853 ; 'Charge to the Grand Jury,' 
 1854; 'Miscellanies' (from 'Black- 
 wood's Mag.' ; 2 vols.) 1854-55 ; 
 'Works ' (5 vols.), 1854-55; 'Labour,' 
 1856. 
 
 He edited : ' Select Extracts from 
 Blackstone's Commentaries ' (with 
 J. W. Smith), 1837; 'Blackstone's 
 Commentaries Systematically Ab- 
 ridged,' 1855. 
 
 WAETON (Thomas), 1728-1790. 
 Bom, at Basingstoke, 1728. Matric. 
 Trin. Coll., Oxford, 16 March 1744 ; 
 B.A., 1747; M.A., 1750; Fellow, 
 1751 ; Professor of Poetry, 1756-66 ; 
 B.D., 7 Dec. 1767. Rector of Kid- 
 dington, 1771. F.S.A., 1771. Cam- 
 den Prof, of Ancient Hist., Oxford, 
 1785-90. Poet Laureate, 1785-90. 
 Died, at Oxford, 21 May 1790. Buried 
 in Trin. Coll. Chapel. 
 
 Works : ' The Pleasures of Melan- 
 choly' (anon.), 1747; 'Poems on 
 Several Occasions,' 1747 ; ' The Tri- 
 umph of Isis' (anon.), 1749; 'A 
 Description of . . . Winchester ' 
 (anon.), 1750 ; 'Newmarket,' 1751 ; 
 ' Ode for Music,' 1751 ; ' Observations 
 on the Faerie Queen e,' 1754 ; * A Com- 
 panion to the Guide, and a Guide to 
 the Companion ' (anon.), 1760 ; 'Life 
 . . . of Ralph Bathurst' (2 vols.), 
 
 1761; 'Life of Sir Thomas Pope,' 
 1772; 'The History of English 
 Poetry' (4 vols.), 1774-81 ; 'Poems,' 
 1777 ; 'Enquiry into the authenticity 
 of the poems attributed to Thomas 
 Rowley,' 1782 ; ' Specimen of a His- 
 tory of Oxfordshire ' (priv. ptd. ), 
 1782; 'Verses on Sir Joshua Rey- 
 nolds's Painted Window at New 
 College' (anon.), 1782. 
 
 He edited: 'The Union,' 1753; 
 ' Inscriptionum Romanorum Metri- 
 carum Delectus,' 1758 ; ' The Oxford 
 Sausage,' 1764 ; C. Kephalas' ' Antho- 
 logiae Grsecse,' 1766 ; Theocritus' 
 Works, 1770 ; Milton's ' Poems upon 
 Several Occasions,' 1785. 
 
 Collected Works: 'Poetical Works,' 
 ed. by R. Mant, with memoir (2 vols.), 
 1802. 
 
 WATSON (William), b. 1858. Bom, 
 at Burley-in-Wharfedale, Yorkshire, 
 2 Aug. 1858. Youth spent near 
 Liverpool. First verses pubd. in the 
 Liverpool 'Argus,' 1875. Civil List 
 Pension, 1892. 
 
 Works : ' The Prince's Quest,' 1880; 
 'Epigrams of Art, Life, and Nature,' 
 1884 ; ' Wordsworth's Grave, and 
 other poems,' 1890 ; 'Shelley's Cen- 
 tenary' (priv. ptd.), 1892; 'Poems, 
 1892 ; ' Lachrymse Musarum,' 1893 
 (priv. ptd., 1892); 'Excursions in 
 Criticism ' [1893] ; ' The Eloping 
 Angels,' 1893; 'Odes, and other 
 poems,' 1894; 'The Father of the 
 Forest,' 1895; 'The Purple East,' 
 1896 ; ' The Year of Shame,' 1896. 
 
 He has edited : Austin's ' English 
 Lyrics,' 1890; 'Lyric Love: an 
 anthology,' 1892. 
 
 WATTS (Isaac), 1674-1748. Born, 
 at Southampton, 17 July 1674. Edu- 
 cated at Southampton Grammar 
 School, till 1690. At Dissenters' 
 school in London, 1690-93. Private 
 tutor in family of Sir John Hartopp, 
 at Stoke Newington, 1696-1702. 
 Assistant to Independent Minister at 
 Mark Lane, 1698 ; Ordained Minister, 
 March 1702. Severe illnesses, 1703 
 and 1712. Lived in house of Sir 
 Thomas Abney, at Theobalds, 1712-48. 
 
WATTS-DUNTON— WEBSTER 
 
 295 
 
 D.D., Edinburgh, and Aberdeen, 1728. 
 Died, at Theobalds, 25 Nov. 1748. 
 Buried in Bunhill Fields. 
 
 Works : * Horse Lyricse,' 1706 ; 
 
 • Essay against Uncharitableness ' 
 (anon.), 1707; 'A Sermon,' 1707; 
 
 • Hymns and Spiritual Songs,' 1707 ; 
 
 • Orthodoxy and Charity United ' 
 (anon.), 1707; 'Guide to Prayer,' 
 1715; 'The Psalms of David,' 1719 ; 
 ' Divine and Moral Songs,' 1720 ; 
 
 • The Art of Reading and Writing 
 English,' 1721 ; ' Sermons on Various 
 Subjects' (3 vols.), 1721-23; 'Tlie 
 Christian Doctrine of the Trinity . . . 
 asserted,' 1722 ; ' Death and Heaven,' 
 1722 ; ' The Arian invited to the 
 Orthodox Faith,' 1724 ; ' Three Dis- 
 sertations relating to the Christian 
 Doctrine of the Trinity,' 1724 ; 
 
 • Logick,' 1725 ; ' The Knowledge of 
 the Heavens and Earth made easy,' 
 1726 ; ' Defense against the tempta- 
 tion to Self-Murther,' 1726; 'The 
 Religious Improvement of Publick 
 Events,' 1727; 'Essay towards the 
 Encouragement of Charity Schools,' 
 1728 ; * Prayers composed for the 
 use . . . of Children,' 1728 ; ' Treatise 
 on the Love of God,' 1729 ; ' Cate- 
 chisms for Children,' 1730 ; ' Humble 
 attempt towards the revival of Prac- 
 tical Religion,' 1731 ; ' The Strength 
 and Weakness of Human Reason' 
 (anon.), 1731 ; 'Essays towards a 
 Proof of a Separate State of Souls,' 
 1732; 'Short View of the Whole 
 Scripture History,' 1732; 'Essay on 
 the Freedom of Will,' 1732 ; ' Philo- 
 Bophical Essays,' 1733 ; ' Reliquiae 
 Juveniles,' 1734; 'The Redeemer and 
 the Sanctifier' (anon.), 1736; 'The 
 Holiness of Times, Places and People,' 
 1738 ; 'The World to Come,' 1738 ; 
 
 * A New Essay on Civil Power in 
 Things Sacred' (auon.), 1739; 'Es- 
 say on the Ruin and Recovery of 
 Mankind,' 1740 ; ' Improvement of 
 the Mind,' 1741; 'A Faithful En- 
 quiry after the . . . Doctrine of the 
 Trinity' (anon.), 1745; 'Glory of 
 Christ as God-Man Unveiled' (anon.), 
 1746 ; 'Useful and Important Ques- 
 tions concerning Jesus' (anon.), 1746; 
 
 • Evangelical Discourses,' 1747 ; ' The 
 
 Rational Foundation of a Christian 
 Church,' 1747. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Nine Sermons 
 preached . . . 1718-19,' ed. by J. P. 
 Smith, 1812. 
 
 Collected Works: in 6 vols., 1810- 
 11. 
 
 Life: by T. Milner, 1834. 
 
 WATTS-DUNTON (Walter Theo- 
 dore), b. 1832. Born [Walter Theo- 
 dore Watts], at St. Ives, Hunts, 1832. 
 Educated for legal career. Became 
 literary critic on staff of ' Examiner,' 
 1874; of 'Athenseum,' 1876. Con- 
 tributor to Ward's 'English Poets,* 
 'Encycl. Brit.,' 'Chambers' Enc)'cl.,* 
 ' Nineteenth Century,' ' Mag. of Art,' 
 etc. Assumed additional surname of 
 Dunton, 1896. 
 
 Works : * Jubilee Greeting at Spit- 
 head to the Men of Greater Britain,' 
 1897 ; 'Poems' [selected from contri- 
 butions to ' Athenaeum, ' ' Nineteenth 
 Century,' 'Mag. of Art,' etc.], 1897. 
 
 He has contributed introductions to : 
 Borrow's 'Lavengro,' 1893 ; Edmund 
 Gosse's 'King Eric,' 1893. 
 
 WEBSTER {Mrs. Augusta), 1840- 
 1894. Born [Augusta Davies], at 
 Poole, Dorsetshire, 30 Jan. 1840. 
 Childhood spent at Chichester, Banff, 
 and Penzance. Afterwards lived at 
 Cambridge. Married to Thomas 
 Webster, 1863. Contrib.to 'Examiner,' 
 1876-78. Member of London School 
 Board, 1879-88. Frequent contributor 
 to ' Athenaeum,' and other periodicals. 
 Died, at Kew, 5 Sept. 1894. Buried 
 in Highgate Cemetery. 
 
 Works: 'Blanche Lisle, and other 
 poems ' (under pseud. * Cecil Home '), 
 1860 ; ' Lesley's Guardians ' (by 'Cecil 
 Home'), 1864; 'Lilian Gray' (by 
 'Cecil Home'), 1864; 'Dramatic 
 Studies,' 1866 ; 'A Woman Sold, and 
 other poems,' 1867 ; 'Portraits,' 1870 ; 
 ' The Auspicious Day,' 1872 ; * Yu- 
 Pe-Ya's Lute,' 1874 ; 'Parliamentary 
 Franchise for Women Rate-payers' 
 (from 'Examiner'), [1878]; 'Dis- 
 guises,' 1879 ; * A Housewife's 
 Opinions,' 1879 [1878] ; 'A Book of 
 Rhyme,' 1881 ; ' In a Day,' 1882 ; 
 ' Daffodil and the Croaxaxians,' 1884 ; 
 
298 
 
 WEBSTER-WESLEY 
 
 • Tiie Sentence,' 1887 ; * Selected 
 Poems,' 1893. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Mother and Daugh- 
 ter,' ed. by W. M. Rossetti, 1895. 
 
 She translated : ^schylus' * Pro- 
 metheus Bound,' 1866 ; Euripides' 
 ' Medea,' 1868. 
 
 WEBSTER (John), /. 1620. No 
 details of life known. Said to have 
 been clerk of St. Andrew's, Holborn, 
 and to have belonged to the Merchant 
 Taylors' Company. Perhaps an actor 
 as well as dramatist. 
 
 Works [several lost] : * The History 
 of Sir Thomas Wyatt ' (with Dekker), 
 1607 ; 'Westward-Hoe' (with Dekker), 
 1607; 'North ward-Hoe '(with Dekker), 
 1607 ; 'The White Divel,' 1612 ; ' A 
 Monumental Columne erected to the 
 living Memory of . . . Henry, late 
 Prince of Wales,' 1613 ; 'The Devil's 
 Law-Case,' 1623; 'The Tragedy of 
 the Dutchesse of Malfy,' 1623 ; 'The 
 Monument of Honour,' 1624 ; 'Ap- 
 pius and Virginia,' 1654 ; 'A Cure 
 for a Cuckold' (with Rowley), 1661 ; 
 
 • The Thracian Wonder ' (with Row- 
 ley), 1661. 
 
 Collected Works: ed. by A. Dyce 
 (4 vols.), 1830 ; new edn., 1857. 
 
 WEDMORE (Frederick), b. 1841 
 Bom, at Richmond Hill, Clifton, 
 9 July 1844. Educated at Weston- 
 super-Mare ; at Lausanne ; and in 
 Paris. To London, 1868. Married 
 Martha Clapham, 12 Jan. 1870. 
 Contrib. to ' Academy,' ' Fortnightly 
 Rev.,' 'Nineteenth Century,' and other 
 periodicals. On staflf of ' Standard,' as 
 art critic, since 1878. Visit to U.S.A., 
 1885 ; lectured at Harvard and Johns 
 Hopkins Universities. Hon. Fellow 
 Royal Soc. of Painter Etchers, 1896. 
 
 Works: 'A Snapt Gold Ring,' 
 1871 ; ' Two Girls,' 1873 ; ' Studies in 
 English Art' (2 ser.), 1876-80 ; 'Pas- 
 torals of France,' 1877 ; ' The Masters 
 of Genre Painting,' 1880 [1879]; 
 
 • Meryon,' 1880 ; ' Four Masters of 
 Etching,' 1883 ; 'Notes . . . on French 
 Eighteenth Century Art' [1885]; 
 'Whistler's Etchings,' 1886 ; 'Life of 
 Honors de Balzac,' 1890 [1889] ; 'Re- 
 nunciations,' 1893; 'English Epi- 
 
 sodes,' 1894; 'Etching in England,' 
 1895; 'Fine Prints,' 1896; 'Orgeas 
 and Miradou,' 1896. 
 
 He has edited : Michel's * Rem- 
 brandt,' 1894; 'Poems of the Love 
 and Pride of England' (with his 
 daughter), 1897. 
 
 WELLS (Charles Jeremiah), 1800- 
 1879. Born, 1800. Educated at a 
 school at Edmonton. Early friend- 
 ship with Keats and R. H. Home. 
 Lived in France, 1840-79. For a 
 short time professor in a college at 
 Quimper. Contrib. to ' Illuminated 
 Mag.,' 1845; 'Eraser's Mag.,' 1846- 
 47, etc. Married Emily Jane Hill. 
 His ' Joseph and his Brethren ' re- 
 viewed by Mr. Swinburne in 'Fort- 
 nightly Rev,,' 1876. Died, at Mar- 
 seilles, 17 Feb. 1879. 
 
 Works : * Stories after Nature * 
 (anon.), 1822; 'Joseph and his 
 Brethren ' (under pseud. : * H. L. 
 Howard '), 1824 [1823]. 
 
 WESLEY (Charles), 1707-1788. 
 [Younger brother of John Benjamin 
 Wesley, q.v.\ Bom, at Ep worth. Lines., 
 29 Dec. 1707. At Westminster School, 
 1716-26. Matric. Ch. Ch., Oxford, 
 13 June 1726 ; B.A., 1730 ; M.A., 
 1733. One of founders of ' Methodist ' 
 Society at Oxford, 1730. Ordained 
 Deacon and Priest, 1735. To Georgia, 
 as Sec. to Gen. Ogtethorpe, 1735. 
 Returned to England, 1736. Active 
 life as religious missionary in England, 
 1736-56. Married Sarah Gwynne, 8 
 April 1749. Lived ki Bristol, 1749- 
 71 ; in London, 1771-88. Died, in 
 London, 29 March 1788. Buried in 
 Marylebone Parish Churchyard. 
 
 Works: His publications consist 
 almost entirely of hjrmns ; for the most 
 part written with his brother John, 
 and published anonymously, between 
 1744 and 1782. His 'Hymns and 
 Sacred Poems' (2 vols.) were pubd. 
 in 1729 ; his 'Sermons' (posthumously) 
 in 1816 ; his * Journal ' (2 vols.) in 
 1849. 
 
 Life : by J. Telford, 1886. 
 
 WESLEY (John Benjamin), 1703- 
 1791. Born, at Epworth, Lines., 17 
 
WHATELY 
 
 297 
 
 June 1703. At Charterhouse School, 
 1714-20. Matric. Ch. Ch., Oxford, 
 18 July 1720 ; B.A., 1724 ; Fellow of 
 Lincoln Coll., 1725 ; M.A., 9 Feb. 
 1727. Ordained Deacon, 19 Sept. 
 1725 ; Priest, 22 Sept. 1728. Curate 
 to his father at Wroote, Aug. 1727 to 
 June 1729. Resided at Oxford, June 
 1729 to Oct. 1735. 'Methodist' 
 Society founded there, 1730. To 
 Georgia with his brother Charles and 
 Gen. Oglethorpe, 1735. Returned to 
 England, Feb. 1738. In Germany, 
 June to Sept. 1738. Active missionary 
 life, 1739-91. Married Mrs. Mary Va- 
 zeijle, Feb. 1751; separated from her, 
 1771. Died, in London, 2 March 1791. 
 
 Works : Wesley's publications, in- 
 cluding a large number of hymns, 
 written with his brother Charles, and 
 published between 1744 and 1781, 
 number upwards of 150. 
 
 His Collected Works (15 vols.), ed. 
 by T. Jackson, were pubd., 1856-62 ; 
 the 'Poetical Works of John and 
 Charles Wesley' (13 vols.), ed. by G. 
 Osborn, 1868-72. 
 
 A •Collection of Letters,' 1816, and 
 * Compendium of Logic,' ed. by T. 
 Jackson, 1836, were published post- 
 humously. 
 
 Life : by Southey, 1820 ; by J. 
 Telford, 1886. 
 
 WHATELY (Richard), Archbishop 
 of Dublin^ 1787-1863. Born, in 
 London, 1 Feb. 1787. Early educa- 
 tion at a school at Bristol. Matric. 
 Oriel Coll., Oxford, 6 April 1805; 
 B.A., 1808; English Essay Prize, 
 1810 ; Fellow of Oriel Coll., 1811-12 ; 
 M.A., 1812. Ordained Deacon, 1814 ; 
 Priest, 1815. Married Elizabeth Pope, 
 18 July 1821. Bampton Lecturer, 
 Oxford, 1822. Rector of Halesworth, 
 Suffolk, 1822-25. Principal of St. 
 Alban Hall, Oxford, 1825-31. B.D. 
 and D.D., 1825 ; Prof, of Polit. Econ., 
 1830-32. Archbishop of Dublin, 1831. 
 Chancellor of Order of St. Patrick, 
 1831. Founded Professorship of 
 Polit. Econ., Dublin, 1832. Bishop 
 of Kildare, 1846. Commissioner of 
 Nat. Education, Ireland, 1830 - 53. 
 Died, in Dublin, 8 Oct. 1363. 
 
 Works [exclusive of separate ser- 
 mons, charges, etc.] : 'Historic Doubts 
 relative to Napoleon Buonaparte* 
 (anon.), 1819 ; 'The Christian's Duty,' 
 1821 ; 'The Use and Abuse of Party 
 Feeling in Matters of Religion,' 1822; 
 'Five Sermons,' 1823; 'Essays on 
 some of the peculiarities of the Chris- 
 tian Religion,' 1825 ; 'Letters on the 
 Church ' (anon.), 1826 ; ' Elements of 
 Logic,' 1826; * On Confirmation' 
 (anon.),[1827?]; 'Elementsof Rhetoric,' 
 1828 ; ' Essays on some of the diffi- 
 culties in the Writings of the Apostle 
 Paul,' 1828 ; ' View of the Scripture 
 Revelations concerning a Future 
 State' (anon.), 1829 ; 'Letter to his 
 Parishioners on the Disturbances' 
 (anon.), 1830; 'The Errors of Roman- 
 ism,' 1830 ; * Introductory Lectures 
 on Political Economy,' 1831-32 ; 
 •Village Conversations in Hard Times ' 
 (anon.), 1831 ; 'Essay on the Omission 
 of Creeds ... in the New Testament,' 
 1831 ; 'Thoughts on Secondary Punish- 
 ments,' 1832 ; 'Education in Ireland,' 
 
 1832 ; • Considerations on the Law of 
 Libel' (under pseud. • John Search '), 
 
 1833 ; 'Sermons on Various Subjects,' 
 1835; 'Easy Lessons on Christian 
 Evidences' (anon.), 1838 ; 'Essays on 
 Some of the Dangers to Christian 
 Faith . , . from the teaching or con- 
 duct of its Professors,' 1839 ; 'Religion 
 and her Name' (under pseud. •John 
 Search'), 1841 ; 'The Kingdom of Christ 
 delineated,' 1841 ; ' Easy Lessons on 
 Reasoning,' 1843 ; • Introductory Les- 
 sons on Christian Evidences ' (anon.), 
 1843 ; * Thoughts on the proposed 
 Evangelical Alliance,' 1846 ; * On In- 
 stinct,' 1847 ; 'Four Sermons,' 1849; 
 
 • Introductory Lessons on the History 
 of Religious Worship' (anon.), 1849 ; 
 'Introductory Lessons on the Study 
 of the Apostle Paul's Epistles ' 
 (anon.), 1849; 'Lessons on the Truth of 
 Christianity' (anon.), 1850 ; 'Encyclo- 
 paedia of Mental Science,' 1851 ; 
 
 • Lectures on the Scripture Revela- 
 tions concerning Good and Evil 
 Angels' (anon.), 1851 ; 'Lectures on 
 the Characters of Our Lord's Apostles* 
 (anon.), 1851; 'Cautions for the 
 Times ' (anon.), 1851 ; ' The Origin of 
 
298 
 
 WHEWELL 
 
 Civilization,* 1855 ; * The Scripture 
 Doctrine concerning the Sacraments, ' 
 1857; *0n the Present State of 
 Egypt,' 1858 ; 'Dr. Paley's Works : a 
 lecture,' 1859 ; 'Introductory Lessons 
 on the British Constitution,' 1859 ; 
 'Lectures on some of the Scripture 
 Parables ' (anon.), 1859 ; * General 
 View of . . . Christianity' (from 
 
 * Encycl. Brit.'), 1860 ; * Lectures on 
 Prayer' (anun.), 1860; 'The Parish 
 Pastor,' 1860 ; ' Miscellaneous Lec- 
 tures and Review?,' 1861. 
 
 Posthumovt: 'Judgment of Con- 
 science and other Sermons,' 1864 ; 
 
 * Miscellaneous Remains,' 1864 (2nd 
 edn., with Additions, same year) ; 
 •Earlier Remains,' 1864 ; 'Romanism 
 the Religion of Human Nature,' 1878. 
 
 He edited : Archbishop King's 'Dis- 
 course on Predestination,' 1821 ; * A 
 Selection of English Synonyms,' 1851 ; 
 Bp. of Llandaff's * Remains,' 1854 ; 
 'Bacon's Essays,' 1856 ; Paley's ' Moral 
 Philosophy,' 1859; Paley's 'Evi- 
 dences,' 1859. 
 
 Life: by E. J. Whately, 1875. 
 
 WHEWELL (William), 1794-1866. 
 Born, in Lancaster, 24 May 1794. 
 Early education at Lancaster Grammar 
 School, and Heversham Grammar 
 School. Matric. Trin. Coll., Camb., 
 1812; English Prize Poem, 1814; 
 B.A., 1816; Fellow, 1817; M.A., 
 1819. Ordained Deacon, 1820; Priest, 
 1826. E.R.S., June 1820. Prof, of 
 Mineralogy, Camb., 1828-32 ; Prof, of 
 Moral Theology, 1838-56 ; B.D., 
 1838 ; D.D., 1844 ; Master of Trin. 
 Coll., 1841-66 ; Vice-Chancellor, 1842 
 and 1855. Married Cordelia Marshall, 
 12 Oct. 1841 ; she died, 1855. He 
 contributed largely to the Transactions 
 of various Societies ; to ' Quarterly 
 Rev. ;' to ' Macmillan's Mag.,' etc. 
 Died, at Cambridge, 6 March 1866. 
 
 Worhs : • Boadicea,' 1814 ; ' Ele- 
 mentary Treatise on Mechanics,' 1819 ; 
 • Treatise on Dynamics,' 1823 ; 'Archi- 
 tectural Notes on German Churches ' 
 (anon.), 1830 ; 'Reply to "Observa- 
 tions on the plans for a New Library" ' 
 (anon.), 1831 ; * First Principles of 
 Mechanics,' 1832 ; * Introduction to 
 
 Dynamics,' 1832; 'Memoranda . . . 
 for Tide Observations ' [1833]; 'Ad- 
 dress' [at British Association], 1833 ; 
 'Analytical Statics,' 1833; 'As- 
 tronomy and General Physics con- 
 sidered with reference to Natural 
 Theology,' 1833; 'Remarks on Mr. 
 Thirlwall's Letter,' 1834; 'Additional 
 Remarks,' 1834; 'A Sermon' [on 
 John vi. 21], 1835 ; * Newton and 
 Flamsteed,' 1836; 'Thoughts on the 
 Study of Mathematics,' 1836 ; ' The 
 Mechanical Euclid,' 1837; * On the 
 Principles of English University 
 Education,' 1837; 'On the Founda- 
 tions of Morals ' [1837], (2nd edn. same 
 year) ; ' History of the Inductive 
 Sciences' (3 vols.), 1837; * Nugse 
 Bartlovianae' (anon. ; priv. ptd.), 1838- 
 40 ; 'The Doctrine of Limits,' 1838 ; 
 'The Philosophy of the Inductive 
 Sciences' (2 vols.), 1840; 'The 
 Mechanics of Engineering,' 1841 ; 
 ' Two Introductory Lectures ... on 
 Moral Philosophy,' 1841 ; ' Elements 
 of Morality ' (2 vols.) 1845 ; 'Indica- 
 tions of the Creator,' 1845 ; * On a 
 Liberal Education ' (3 pts.), 1845-52 ; 
 ' Conic Sections,' 1846 ; ' Lectures on 
 Systematic Morality,' 1846 ; * Ser- 
 mons,' 1847; 'Of Induction,' 1849; 
 'A Sermon' [on Ps. civ. 29], 1849; 
 ' Inaugural Lecture ' [on the Great 
 Exhibition], 1851 ; ' Lectures on the 
 History of Moral Philosophy in 
 England,' 1852 ; ♦ Of the Plurality of 
 Worlds ' (anon.), 1853 ; 'Dialogue' on 
 preeedmg (anon.), 1854 ; * On the 
 Material Aids of Education,' 1854 ; 
 ' On the Influence of the History o* 
 Science upon Intellectual Education,' 
 1855; 'On the Philosophy of Dis- 
 CO very,' 1860 ; * Six Lectures on 
 Political Economy,' 1863. 
 
 He translated : Goethe's ' Hermann 
 and Dorothea' (priv. ptd.), [1840?]; 
 Schiller's 'The Knight of Toggenburg,' 
 1842; 'Verse Translations from the 
 German' (anon.), 1847; 'The Platonic 
 Dialogues,' 1859 ; dknd.edited: Newton 'a 
 'Principia,' bk. i., 1846; Bp. Butler's 
 'Three Sermons on Human Nature,' 
 1848 ; Bishop Butler's 'Six Sermons 
 on Moral Subjects,' 1849 ; Bishop of 
 Lincoln's *De Obligatione Conscientise, ' 
 
WHITE— WHITMAN 
 
 299 
 
 1851 ; * Hugonis Grotii de Jure Belli 
 et Pacis ' (with abridged translation), 
 1853 ; Rev. R. Jones's ' Literary Re- 
 mains,' 1859 ; Isaac Barrow's ' Mathe- 
 matical Works,' 1860. 
 
 Life : by Mrs. Stair Douglas, 1881. 
 
 WHITE (Gilbert), 1720-1793. Born, 
 at Selborne, Hants, 18 July 1720. 
 Early education at a school at Basing- 
 stoke. Matric. Oriel Coll., Oxford, 
 17 Dec. 1739 ; B.A., 1743 ; Fellow 
 Oriel Coll., 1744 93; M.A., 1746; 
 Proctor, 1752-53. Ordained Deacon, 
 1747 ; Priest, 1749. Curate at Swar- 
 raton, 1747-51 ; at Selborne, 1751-52; 
 at Durley, 1753-55. Returned to 
 Selborne, 1755. Vicar of Moreton- 
 Pinkney, Northamptonshire (sinecure), 
 1757-93. Curate at Faringdon, 1762- 
 84 ; at Selborne, 1784. Died, at 
 Selborne, 26 June 1793. 
 
 Works : ' The Natural History and 
 Antiquities of Selborne' (anon.), 1749. 
 
 Posthumoxis: *A Naturalist's Ca- 
 lendar,' 1795 ; ' Extracts from the 
 unpublished MSS. of Mr. White,' in 
 the second series of E. Jesse's 
 * Gleanings in Natural History,' 1834. 
 
 Collected Works : in 2 vols., ed. by 
 J. Aikin, 1802. 
 
 WHITEHEAD (WILLIAM), 1715- 
 1785. Born, at Cambridge, Feb. 1715. 
 Early education at Winchester School, 
 July 1728 to Sept. 1735. Matric. 
 Clare Hall, Camb., as Sizar, 1735 ; 
 B.A., 1739 ; Fellow, 1742-46 ; M.A., 
 1743. Appointed tutor to son of 
 Lord Jersey, 1745 ; travelled on Con- 
 tinent with him, June 1754 to Sept. 
 
 1756. Was an inmate of Lord Jersey's 
 household till 1769. Play, 'The Roman 
 Father,' produced at Drury Lane, 24 
 Feb. 1750 ; • Creusa,' Drury Lane, 20 
 April 1754 ; ' The School for Lovers,' 
 Drury Lane, 1762 ; * A Trip to Scot- 
 land,' Drury Lane, 1770. Contrib. to 
 •The World,' 1753. Registrar of 
 Order of Bath, 1755. Poet-Laureate, 
 
 1757. Died, in London, 14 April 
 1785. Buried in South Audley Street 
 Chapel. 
 
 Works : ' On the Danger of Writing 
 in Verse,' 1741 ; Epistle of Anne 
 
 Boleyn to Henry VIIL, 1743; 'Essay 
 on Ridicule,' 1743 ; * On Nobility,' 
 1744; *Atys and Adrastus,' 1744;. 
 ' The Roman Father,' 1750 ; 'A Hymn 
 to the Nymph of Bristol Spring,' 
 1751; 'Creusa,' 1754; 'Poems on 
 Several Occasions,' 1754; 'Elegies,' 
 1757; 'Verses to the People of 
 England,' 1758; 'A Charge to the 
 Poets,' 1762 ; ' The School for Lovers,' 
 1762 (adapted from the French of Le 
 Bovier de Fontenelle) ; ' A Trip to 
 Scotland' (anon.), 1770; ' Plays and 
 Poems' (2 vols.), 1774; 'Variety' 
 (anon.), 1776; 'The Goat's Beard' 
 (anon.), 1777. 
 
 WHITMAN (Walt), 1819-1892. 
 Born, at West Hills, near Huntington, 
 SuflEolk County, New York, 31 May 
 1819. At school at Brooklyn, 1824- 
 28. Lawyer's clerk in Brooklyn, 
 1830-32. Worked as printer in 
 Brooklyn, 1834-37. Schoolmaster on 
 Long Island, 1837-38. Founded and 
 edited a weekly newspaper, 1839-40. 
 Returned to Brooklyn, 1840 ; worked 
 as printer till 1848. On staff of New 
 Orleans * Daily Crescent,' 1848. 
 Edited Brooklyn 'Daily Eagle,' 1848- 
 49. At Brooklyn working as house- 
 builder and agent, 1850-62 ; during 
 this period contrib. to various periodi- 
 cals, and published 'The Freeman.' 
 At Washington, 1862-73. Nurse and 
 surgeons' assistant during war, 1862- 
 66. Held clerkships in Indian OflBce 
 of Interior Dept., in Office of Solicitor 
 to Treasury, and in Attorney-General's 
 Office, 1865-73. Settled at Camden, 
 New Jersey, summer of 1873. Died 
 there, 26 March 1892. Buried at 
 Harleigh Cemetery, Camden. 
 
 Works : * Leaves of Grass,' 1855 ; 
 ' Drum Taps,' 1865 ; * Sequel to Drum 
 Taps,' 1866 ; ' Memoranda during the 
 War,' 1867 ; * Democratic Vistas,' 
 1871 ; ' After All, not to Create only,' 
 1871 ; ' Passage to India,' 1871 ; ' As 
 a Strong Bird on Pinions Free,' 1872 ; 
 « Two Rivulets,' 1876 ; ' Complete 
 Works, revised to 1877 ' (2 vols.), 
 1878 ; * Specimen Days and Col- 
 lect,' 1882-83 ; ' November Boughs,' 
 1888 ; ' Good-bye, my Fancy,' 1891 ; 
 
800 
 
 WHITTIER— WHYTE-MELVILLE 
 
 • Autobiographia,' 1892; 'Complete 
 Prose Works,' 1892. 
 
 WHITTIER (John Greenleaf), 1807- 
 1892. Born, at Haverhill, New Eng- 
 land, 17 Dec. 1807. Early education 
 at local school. Contrib. poem to 
 'Newbury Port Free Press,' 1826. 
 At Haverhill Academy, 1827-28. 
 Contrib. to ' Haverhill Gazette,' from 
 1828. At Boston as editor of 
 
 * American Manufacturer,' autumn 
 1828 to June 1829. At home at 
 Haverhill, June 1829 to July 1830. 
 Editor of * Haverhill Gazette,' 1830 ; 
 of • New England Review,' 1830 31. 
 Settled in Hartford, 1831. Sec. of 
 Philadelphia Anti -Slavery Convention, 
 1833. Edited 'Pennsylvania Free- 
 man.' Mem. for Haverhill in State 
 Legislature, 1835-37. Contrib. to 
 ' Democratic Rev.,' 1837-46. Removed 
 with his family from Haverhill to 
 Amesbury, 1840. Contrib. to 'Mid- 
 dlesex Standard,' 1844. Assistant- 
 editor to 'National Era,' 1847-57. 
 Assisted in starting ' Atlantic 
 Monthly,' 1857. Lived retired life, 
 entirely devoted to literature, from 
 1865. Died, at Hampton Falls, 7 
 Dec. 1892. Buried at Amesbury. 
 
 Works: 'Legends of New England,' 
 
 1831 ; • Moll Pitcher,' 1832 ; ' Lite- 
 rary Remains of J. G. C. Brainard,' 
 
 1832 ; ' Justice and Expediency,' 
 
 1833 ; *Mogg Megone,'1836 ; 'Poems 
 written during the progress of the 
 Abolition Question,' 1837 ; * Poems,' 
 1838; 'Lays of my Home,' 1843; 
 'The Stranger in Lowell,' 1845; 
 
 • Voices of Freedom,' 1846 ; ' The Su- 
 pernaturalismof New England' (anon.), 
 1847 ; ' Leaves from Margaret Smith's 
 Journal,' 1849 ; * Poems ' [collected], 
 1849 ; • Songs of Labor,' 1850 ; ' Old 
 Portraits and Modern Sketches,' 1850 ; 
 •Little Eva,' 1852; 'The Chapel of 
 the Hermits,' 1853; 'A Sabbath 
 Scene,' 1854; 'Literary Recreations 
 and Miscellanies,' 1854 ; ' The Pano- 
 rama,' 1856; 'Poetical Works' (2 
 vols.), 1857; 'Home Ballads and 
 Poems,' 1860 ; ' In War Time,' 1864 ; 
 
 * Snow-Bound,' 1866 ; ' Prose Works ' 
 (2 vols.), 1866 ; ' Maud Muller,' 1867 t 
 
 ' National Lyrics,' 1867 ; ' The Tent 
 on the Beach,' 1867 ; * Among the 
 Hills,' 1869 ; ' Ballads of New Eng- 
 land,' 1870; *Two Letters on the 
 present aspect of the Society of 
 Friends' (from 'Friends' Rev.'), 
 1870; 'Miriam,' 1871; 'The Penn- 
 sylvania Pilgrim,' 1873 ; ' Hazel 
 Blossoms,' 1875; 'Complete Works,' 
 1876 ; ' Mabel Martin,' 1876 ; ' The 
 Vision of Echard,' 1878 ; ' The River 
 Path,' 1880; 'The King's Missive,' 
 1881 ; 'The Bay of Seven Islands,' 
 1883 ; * Poems of Nature,' 1886 ; 
 ' Saint Gregory's Guest,' 1886 ; 
 'Writings' (7 vols.), 1888-89; 'At 
 Sundown,' 1892 (priv. ptd., 1890). 
 
 He edited : Harriet Martineau'a 
 ' Views of Slavery,' 1837 ; ' Letters 
 from J. Q. Adams to his Constituents,' 
 1837; ' The North Star,' 1840 ; 'The 
 Journal of John Woolman,' 1872; 
 ' Child Life : a collection of poems,' 
 1873; 'Child Life in Prose,' 1874; 
 'Songs of Three Centuries,' 1876 ; 
 ' Letters of L. M. Child,' 1883. 
 
 Life: by F. H. Underwood, 1884 ; 
 • Life and Letters,' by S. T. Richard, 
 1895. 
 
 Collected Works : in 7 vols., 1888. 
 
 WHYTE-MELVILLE(GeorgeJoliii), 
 1821-1878. Born, at Mount Melville, 
 near St. Andrews, 1821. Edu- 
 cated at Eton. Entered army, 1839 ; 
 Capt. in Coldstream Guards, 1846 ; 
 retired, 1849. Served in Turkish 
 army in Crimean War, 1855-56. De- 
 voted himself to literature from 1856. 
 Active patron of field sports. Died, 
 from an accident in the hunting-field, 
 in Gloucestershire, 5 Dec. 1878. 
 
 Works: 'Digby Grand,' 1853; 
 'Tilbury Nogo ' (anon.), 1854; 
 ' General Bounce,' 1855 ; * Kate 
 Coventry,' 1856 ; 'The Arab's Ride 
 to Cairo ' [1857 ?] ; ' The Interpreter,' 
 1858 ; ' Holmby House,' 1860 ; ' Good 
 for Nothing,' 1861 ; ' Market Har- 
 borough' (anon.), 1861 ; 'The Queen's 
 Maries,' 1862 ; ' The Gladiators,' 
 1863; 'The Brookes of Bridlemere,' 
 1864; 'Cerise,' 1866; 'The White 
 Rose,' 1868 [1867]; 'Bones and I,' 
 1868 ; 'M. or N.,' 1869 ; ' Songs and 
 
WILKES— WILSON 
 
 301 
 
 Verses,' 1869; 'Contraband,' 1871 
 [1870] ; ' Sarchedon,' 1871 ; ' Satan- 
 ella,' 1872 ; * The True Cross,' 1873 ; 
 ♦Uncle John,' 1874; * Katerfelto,' 
 1875 ; 'Sister Louise,' 1876; 'Rosine,' 
 1877 [1876]; 'Roy's Wife,' 1878; 
 •Riding Recollections,' 1878. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Black but Comely,' 
 1879. 
 
 He translated: Horace's 'Odes,' 
 1850. 
 
 WILKES (John), 1727-1797. Born, 
 in Clerkenwell, 17 Oct. 1727. Early 
 education at schools at Hertford and 
 Thame. Afterwards at Leyden Uni- 
 versity. Returned to England, 1849. 
 Married Miss Mead, Oct. 1749 ; 
 separated from her soon afterwards. 
 M.P. for Aylesbury, 1757-64. Edited 
 (and wrote) ' The North Briton,' 1762- 
 63. Expelled from House of Com- 
 mons (for attack on the King in No. 
 45 of • The North Briton '), 19 Jan. 
 1764. M.P. for Middlesex, 1768. 
 Expelled from House for his part in 
 the publication of a letter of Lord 
 Weymouth's, 27 Jan. 1769. Re- 
 elected M.P. for Middlesex, 16 Feb. 
 1769; re-expelled, 17 Feb. Re- 
 elected, 16 March ; re-expelled, 17 
 March. Re-elected, 13 April ; un- 
 seated, 15 April. Alderman of Far- 
 ringdon Without, 2 Jan. 1769. 
 Sheriff, 1771. M.P. for Middlesex, 
 1774. Lord Mayor, 1774 ; Chamber- 
 lain of London, 1779-97. Died, in 
 London, 25 Dec. 1797. Buried in 
 South Audley Street Church. 
 
 Works : [Exclusive of separate 
 speeches :] * Observations on the 
 Papers relative to the Rupture with 
 Spain' (anon.), 1762; 'The North 
 Briton' (2 vols.), 1763; 'An Essay 
 on Woman ' (anon. ; priv. ptd.), 1763; 
 * Recherches sur I'origine du Des- 
 potisme Oriental,' 1763 ; ' The Present 
 Crisis' (anon.), 1764; 'Letter to the 
 Worthy Electors of . . . Aylesbury,' 
 1764 ; ♦ Letter to a Noble Member of 
 the Club in Albemarle Street,' 1764 ; 
 ' Letter to . . . the Duke of (3^rafton ' 
 (anon.), 1767 (8th edn. same year); 
 ' The History of England ' (only the 
 •Introduction' pubd.), 1768; 'Ad- 
 
 dresses to the Gentlemen ... of 
 Middlesex,' 1769 ; * A Letter to Sam. 
 Johnson, LL.D.' (anon.), 1770 ; ' Con- 
 troversial Letters,' 1771 ; ' Speeches,' 
 1786. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Letters . . . to hia 
 Daughter' (4 vols.), 1804; 'Oorre- 
 spondence,' ed. by J. Almon, 1805. 
 
 He edited : ' Catullus ' (priv. ptd. ), 
 1788; * Q€o<ppa<j-Tov XapaxTr]p£i'E.6cKot.' 
 (priv. ptd.), 1790 ; • Supplement to 
 the Miscellaneous Works of Mr. 
 Gibbon,' 1796. 
 
 Life : by P. Fitzgerald, 1888. 
 
 WILSON (John), 1786-1854. Bom, 
 
 at Paisley, 18 May 1785. Studied at 
 Glasgow Univ., 1797-1803. Matric. 
 Magdalen Coll., Oxford, 26 May 1803; 
 Newdigate Prize Poem, 1806 ; B.A., 
 1807 ; M.A., 1810. Student of Lin- 
 coin's Inn, 1806. Settled at EUerlay, 
 Windennere, 1807. Married Jane 
 Penny, 11 May 1811 ; she died, 1837. 
 Contrib. to • Annual Register,' 1812. 
 Called to Scottish Bar, 1815. In 
 Edinburgh, 1815-17. Contrib. to 
 ' Edinburgh Monthly Mag.,' 1817 ; to 
 ' Edinburgh Review,' 1817. Literary 
 editor, and contributor (under pseud. 
 ' Christopher North ') to • Blackwood's 
 Mag.,' Oct. 1817 to Sept. 1852. Prof, 
 of Moral Philosophy, Edinburgh Univ., 
 1820-51. Pres. of Edinburgh Philo- 
 sophical Institution, 1847-54. Crown 
 Pension, 1851. Died, in Edinburgh, 
 3 April 1854. Buried in Dean Ceme- 
 tery, Edinburgh. 
 
 Works: 'The Isle of Palms,' 1812; 
 'The Magic Mirror,' 1812; 'The 
 City of the Plague,' 1816; 'Lights 
 and Shadows of Scottish Life ' (under 
 pseud. • Arthur Austin '), 1822 ; • The 
 Trials of Margaret Lindsay ' (anon. ), 
 1823 ; ' The Foresters ' (anon.), 1825 ; 
 ' Poetical and Dramatic Works ' (2 
 vols.), 1825; 'The Land of Burns' 
 (with R. Chambers ; 2 vols.), 1840 ; 
 ' Blind Allan ' (anon.) [1840 ?] ; 'On 
 the Genius and Character of Bums,' 
 1841 ; ' Recreations of Christopher 
 North ' (from * Blackwood ' ; 3 vols, ), 
 1842; 'Noctes Ambrosianae' (from 
 •Blackwood' ; anon.), 1843 ; Letter- 
 press to * Scotland Illustrated,' 1845 ; 
 
WITHER-WOLCOT 
 
 ' Specimens of the British Critics ' 
 (from * Blackwood ' ; pubd. in Phila- 
 delphia), 1846. 
 
 Collected Worlcs : ed. by Prof. 
 Terrier (12 vols.), 1855-58. 
 
 Life : by Mrs. Gordon, new edn. , 
 1879. 
 
 WITHER (George), 1588-1667. 
 Bom, at Bentworth, Hants, 11 June 
 1588. Early education at a school at 
 Colemore. Matric. Magdalen Coll., 
 Oxford, 1604 [?]. Left Oxford after 
 about three years. Imprisoned for 
 libel, 1614. Student of Lincoln's Inn, 
 1615. Served as Captain in cavalry 
 regiment under Charles I., 1639. 
 Served in Parliamentary Army, 1642; 
 obtained rank of Major. Governor 
 of Farnham Castle, Oct. to Dec, 
 1642. J. P. for Hampshire, Surrey 
 and Essex, 1642-58. Major-General 
 of Forces in Surrey, 1643 [?]. Master 
 of the Statute Office, 1655 [?]. Im- 
 prisoned for libel, March 1662 to 
 1665. Died, in London, 2 May 1667. 
 Buried in the Savoy Church. 
 
 Works : ' Prince Henrie's Obse- 
 quies,' 1612; « Epithalamia,' 1612; 
 •Abuses Stript and Whipt,' 1613 ; 'A 
 Satyre, dedicated to His Most Ex- 
 cellent Majestie,' 1614 ; ' The Shep- 
 heards Hunting,' 1615; 'Fidelia,' 
 1617 ; 'A Preparation to the Psalter,' 
 1619; 'Workes,' 1620; 'Exercises 
 upon the first Psalme,' 1620 ; ' The 
 Songs of the Old Testament,' 1621 ; 
 'Wither's Motto,' 1621 ; 'Juvenilia,' 
 1622; 'Faire- Virtue,' 1622; 'The 
 Hymnes and Songs of the Church,' 
 1623 ; • The Scholler's Purgatory ' 
 [1625?!; 'Britain's Remembrance,' 
 1628 ; * The Psalmes of David trans- 
 lated into Lyrick verse,' 1632 ; 'Col- 
 lection of Emblemes,' 1634-35; 'Read 
 and Wonder' (anon. ; ascribed to 
 Wither), 1641; 'Halelujah,' 1641; 
 ' Campo-Musae,' 1643; 'Se Defen- 
 dendo ' [1643] ; * Mercurius Rusticus ' 
 (anon.), 1643 ; 'The Speech without 
 Doore,' 1644; 'The Two Incompar- 
 able Generalissimos,' 1644 ; 'Letteis 
 of Advice,' 1645 [1644]; 'Vox Paci- 
 fica,' 1645 ; ' The Great Assizes holden 
 m Parnassus' (anon.), 1645; 'The 
 
 Speech without Doore defended,* 1646; 
 ' Justiciarius Justificatus,' 1646; 
 'What Peace to the Wicked V (anou.), 
 1646 ; ' Opobalsamum Anglicanum,' 
 1646 ; ' Major Wither's Disclaimer,' 
 1647; 'Carmen Expostulatorium,' 
 1647; ' Amygdala Britannica' (anon.), 
 1647 ; ' Prosopopoeia Britannica,' 1648; 
 'Carmen Eucharisticon,' 1649 ; 'Res- 
 publica Anglicana,' 1650 ; 'The British 
 Appeals,' 1651 ; ' Three Grains of 
 Spiritual Frankincense,' 1651 ; * The 
 Dark Lantern,' 1653 ; 'Westrow Re- 
 vived,' 1653; 'Vaticinum Casuale,' 
 1655 ; 'Rapture at the Protector's 
 Recovery,' 1655 ; 'Three Private 
 Meditations,' 1655 ; 'The Protector,' 
 1655 ; ' Boni Ominis Votum,' 1656 ; 
 *A Suddain Flash' (anon.), 1657; 
 'Salt upon Salt,' 1659; *A Cordial 
 Confection,' 1659 ; ' Epistolium Va- 
 gum-Prosa-Metricum,' 1659; 'Peti- 
 tion and Narrative ' [1659] ; ' Furor 
 Poeticus,' 1660 ; * Speculum Specula- 
 tivum,' 1660 ; ' Fides- Anglicana,' 
 1660 ; ' An Improvement of Imprison- 
 ment,' 1661; 'A Triple Paradox,' 
 1661; 'The Prisoner's Plea,' 1661; 
 ' A Proclamation in the Name of the 
 King of Kings,' 1662 ; 'Verses In- 
 tended to the King's Majesty,' 1662 ; 
 ' Parallellogrammaton,' 1662 ; ' Tuba 
 Pacifica,' 1664 ; 'A Memorandum to 
 London,' 1665; 'Meditations upon 
 the Lord's Prayer,' 1665 ; ' Echoes 
 from the Sixth Trumpet' [1666]; 
 ' Sighs for the Pitchers,' 1666 ; ' Vati- 
 cina Poetica,' 1666. 
 
 Posthumous : ' Divine Poems on 
 the Ten Commandments,' ed, by his 
 daughter, 1688. 
 
 He translated : Nemesius' ' The 
 Nature of Man,' 1636. 
 
 Collected Works: 'Poems,' ed. by 
 H. Morley, 1891. 
 
 WOLCOT (John), 1738-1819. Born, 
 at Dodbrooke, Devonshire, 1738 ; 
 baptized, 9 May. Educated at Kings- 
 bridge Free School ; at Bodmin Gram- 
 mar School, and in France. For seven 
 years assistant to his uncle, an apo- 
 thecary in practice in Cornwall. M.D., 
 Aberdeen, 1767. In Jamaica, prac- 
 tising as surgeon and physician, 
 
WOLFE— WOLLSTONECRAFT 
 
 803 
 
 1767 -6P. Returned to England, 
 1769. Ordained Deacon and Priest, 
 1769 ; returned to Jamaica. Vicar 
 of Vere, Jamaica, 1772. Returned 
 to England, Dec. 1772. Practised 
 medicine in Truro, 1773-79. Settled 
 in London, 1781. Prolific writer of 
 satires, under pseudonym 'Peter Pin- 
 dar.' Died, in London, 14 Jan. 1819. 
 Buried in St. Paul's, Covent Garden. 
 Works : * Persian Love Elegies,' 
 1773 ; \the folloioing all puhd. under 
 pseud. ' Peter Pindar ;] • A Poetical 
 . . . Epistle to the Reviewers,' 1778 ; 
 
 • Poems on various Subjects,' 1778 ; 
 •Lyric Odes to the Royal Academi- 
 cians,' 1782; 'More Lyric Odes to 
 the Royal Academicians,' 1783 ; 'Lyric 
 Odes for the Year,' 1785; 'The 
 Lousiad,' 1785-95; 'Farewell Odes,' 
 
 1786 ; ' A Poetical and Congratula- 
 tory Epistle to James Boswell,' 1786 ; 
 
 • Bozzy and Piozzi,' 1786 ; ' Ode upon 
 Ode,' 1787 ; * An Apologetic Postscript 
 to " Ode upon Ode,' "1787; ' Congratu- 
 latory Epistle to Peter Pindar,' 1787 ; 
 
 • Instructions to a Celebrated Laureat,' 
 
 1787 ; • Brother Peterto Brother Tom,' 
 1788; 'Peter's Pension,' 1788; 'Sir 
 Joseph Banks and the Emperor of Mo- 
 rocco,' 1788; * Epistle to his pretended 
 Cousin Peter,' 1788 ; ' The King's 
 Ode' (anon.), 1788; 'Peter's Pro- 
 phecy,' 1788; 'Lyric Odes to the 
 Academicians,' 1789; 'Subjects for 
 Painters,' 1789 ; ' A Poetical Epistle 
 to a Falling Minister,' 1789; *Ex- 
 postulatory Odes,' 1789 ; 'Works' (2 
 vols.), 1789-92; 'A Benevolent 
 Epistle to Sylvanus Urban,' 1790 ; 
 ' Advice to the Future Laureat,' 1790 ; 
 ' Letter to the Most Insolent Man 
 alive,' 1790 ; * Complimentary Epistle 
 to James Bruce,' 1790 ; * The Rights 
 of Kings,' 1791 ; ' Odes to Mr. Paine,' 
 1791 ; ' The Remonstrance,' 1791 ; 
 ' A Commiseniting Epistle to G. 
 Lowther,' 1791 ; ' More Money,' 1792 ; 
 •The Tears of St. Margaret,' 1792; 
 'Odes of Importance,' 1792; 'Odes 
 to Kien Long,' 1792; 'A Pair of 
 Lyric Epistles,' 1792; 'A Poetical 
 . . . Epistle to the Pope,' 1793 ; 'Pa- 
 thetic Odes,' 1794; ' Pindariana, ' 
 1794 ; ' Celebration ; or, the Aca- 
 
 demic Procession to St. James's, 
 1794 ; ' Works ' (4 vols.), 1794-96 
 'Hair-Powder,' 1795; 'The Conven 
 tion Bill,' 1795; 'The Cap,' 1795 
 ' The Royal Visit to Exeter,' 1795 
 'Liberty's Last Squeak,' 1795 ; 'The 
 Royal Tom,' 1795 ; ' An Admirable 
 Satire on Burke's Defence of his Pen- 
 sion,' 1796 ; ' One Thousand, Seven 
 Hundred, and Ninety-six,' 1797 ; * An 
 Ode to the Livery of London,' 1797 ; 
 ' Tales of the Hoy ' [1798] ; ' Nil Ad- 
 mirari,' 1799 ; 'Lord Auckland's Tri- 
 umph,'1800; 'Out at Last,' 1801; 'Odes 
 to Inns and Outs,' 1801 ; ' A Poetical 
 Epistle to Benjamin, Count Rumford,' 
 1801; 'Tears and Smiles,' 1801; 
 'The Island of Innocence,' 1802; 
 'Pitt and his Statue,' 1802; 'The 
 Middlesex Election,' 1802; 'The 
 Horrors of Bribery,' 1802 ; ' Great 
 Cry and Little Wool,' 1804 ; 'An In- 
 structive Epistle to the Lord Mayor,' 
 1804; 'Tristia,' 1806; 'One More 
 Peep at the Royal Academy,' 1808 ; 
 • The Fall of Portugal,' 1808 ; 'Works' 
 (4 vols.), 1809 ; « Carlton House F^te,' 
 1811 ; 'Works' (5 vols.), 1812; 'An 
 Address to be spoken at the Opening 
 of Drury-Lane Theatre ' (anon.), 1813 ; 
 'Royalty Fog-bound,' 1814; 'The 
 Regent and the King,' 1814 ; ' Mid- 
 night Dreams,' 1814 ; ' Tom Halliard,' 
 [1815 ?]. 
 
 He edited : Pilkington's ' Dictionary 
 of Painters,' 1799 ; ' The Beauties of 
 English Poetry,' 1804. 
 
 WOLFE (Charles), 1791 - 1823. 
 Born, in Dublin, 14 Dec. 1791. At 
 school at Bath, 1801 ; at Salisbury, 
 1803-05 ; at Winchester Coll., 1806- 
 09. To Dublin Univ., 1809 ; scholar, 
 1812 ; B.A., 1814. Ordained, Nov. 
 1817. Curate of Ballyclog, Tyrone, 
 Dec. 1817 to Jan. 1818 ; of Castle 
 Caulfield, Donoughmore, 1818-21. Ill- 
 health from 1821. Died, at Cove of 
 Cork, 21 Feb. 1823. 
 
 Works: 'The Burial of Sir John 
 Moore ; with other poems,' 1825 ; 
 'Remains,' ed. by J. A. Russell, with 
 memoir (2 vols.), 1825. 
 
 WOLLSTONECRAFT (Mary). See 
 Godwin. 
 
304 
 
 WOOD— WORDSWORTH 
 
 WOOB (Anthony i), 1632.1695. 
 Born, at Oxford, 17 Dec. 1632. Early 
 education at New College School, 
 1641-44; atThameFree School, 1644- 
 46. Matric. Merton Coll., Oxford, 26 
 May 1647 ; Poatraaster, Oct. 1647 ; 
 Bible-clerk, 1650 ; B.A., 6 July 1652 ; 
 M.A., 17 Dec. 1655. Devoted him- 
 self to study of antiquities. Prose- 
 cuted for alleged libel on Earl of 
 Clarendon in * Athenae Oxoniensis,' 
 1693 ; expelled from university. 
 Died, at Oxford, 29 Nov. 1695. 
 Buried in Merton College Chapel. 
 
 Works : * Historia et Antiquitates 
 Universitatis Oxoniensis,' 1674 (Eng- 
 lish version, 1786) ; ' Athenae Oxoni- 
 enses* (2 vols.; anon.), 1691-92. 
 
 Posthumous: 'Modius Salium,' 
 1751 ; ♦ The Life and Times of An- 
 thony Wood . . . described by him- 
 self,' ed. by A. Clark (for Oxford 
 Hist. Soc. ; 4 vols.), 1891-95. 
 
 He edited : E. Wood's ' Tvumttov tov 
 Qeov,' 1666. 
 
 Life : T. R. RawHnson, 1711 ; 'Life 
 and Times,' 1891-95 {see above). 
 
 WOOD (Mrs. Henry), 1814-1887. 
 Bom [Ellen Price], at Worcester, 17 
 Jan. 1814 ; early life spent there. 
 Married Henry Wood [1830 ?]. Lived 
 abroad till 1860. Edited 'The Ar- 
 gosy' (with 0. W. Wood), 1865-87. 
 Frequent contributor to periodicals. 
 Died, in London, 10 Feb. 1887. 
 Buried in Highgate Cemetery. 
 
 Works : * Danesbury House,' 1860 ; 
 'East Lynne,' 1861; 'The Chan- 
 nings,' 1862; 'Mrs. Halliburton's 
 Trouble?,' 1862 ; ' The Foggy Night 
 at Oxford,' 1863 [1862]; 'Verner's 
 Pride,' 1863 ; 'The Shadow of Ashly- 
 dyat,' 1863; 'William AUaur,' 1864 
 [1863] ; • Lord Oakburn's Daughters,' 
 1864 ; ' Trevlyn Hold ' (anon.), 1864 ; 
 ' Oswald Cray,' 1 864 ; * Mildred Ar- 
 kell,' 1865 ; ' St. Martin's Eve,' 1866 ; 
 'Elster's FoUy,' 1866; 'A Life's 
 Secret,' 1867 ; ' Lady Adelaide's Oath,' 
 1867; 'OrviUe College,' 1867; 'The 
 Red Court Farm,' 1868 ; ' Anne Here- 
 ford,' 1868 ; ' Roland Yorke,' 1869 ; 
 'George Canterbury's Will,' 1870; 
 'Bessy Rane,' 1870 ; ' Dene Hollow,' 
 
 1871 ; * Within the Maze,' 1872 
 'The Master of Greylands,' 1873; 
 ' Johnny Ludlow ' (from the 'Argcsy '), 
 l.st series, 1874 ; 2nd series, 1880 ; 
 'Told in the Twilight,' 1875 ; 'Bessy 
 Wells,' 1875 ; ' Adam Grainger,' 1876 ; 
 'Our Children,' 1876; ' Park water,* 
 1876; 'Edina,' 1876; 'Pomeroy 
 Abbey,' 1878; 'Court Netherleigh,' 
 1881; 'About Ourselves,' 1883; 
 'Lady Grace,' 1887. 
 
 Posthumous : ' The Story of Charles 
 Strange,' 1888 ; 'The House of Halli- 
 well,' 1890 ; ' Summer Stories from 
 the " Argosy " ' (by Mrs. Wood and 
 others), 1890 ; * The Unholy Wish,* 
 1890; 'Ashley,' 1897. 
 
 Life: by C. W. Wood, 1894. 
 
 WOODS {Mrs. Margaret Louisa), 
 b. 1856. Born [Margaret Louisa 
 Bradley], at Rugby, 1856. Educated 
 at home, and at a school at Leaming- 
 ton. Married Rev. Henry George 
 Woods, 1879. 
 
 Wwks : ' A Village Tragedy,' 1887 
 'Lyrics' (priv. ptd.), 1888; 'Lyrics 
 and Ballads,' 1889; 'Esther Van- 
 homrigh,' 1891; 'The Vagabonds,' 
 1894 ; ' Aeromancy, and other poems,' 
 1896; 'Songs' (priv. ptd.), 1896; 
 ' Wild Justice,' 1896. 
 
 WORDSWORTH (William), 1770- 
 1850. Born, at Cockermouth, Cum- 
 berland, 7 April 1770. Early educa- 
 tion at Hawkshead Grammar School, 
 1778-87. Matric. St. John's Coll., 
 Camb., Oct. 1787 ; B.A., 1791. 
 Travelled on Continent, July to Oct., 
 1790. Visited Paris, Nov. 1791. 
 Settled with his sister near Crewkerne, 
 Dorsetshire, autumn of 1795. First 
 visit from Coleridge, June 1797. Re- 
 moved to Alfoxden, Nether Stowey, 
 Somersetshire, July 1797. Friendship 
 with Charles Lamb and Haditt begun. 
 In Bristol, 1798. In Germany, Sept 
 1798 to July 1799. Settled at Gras- 
 mere, Dec. 1799. Visit to France, 
 July to Aug. 1802. Married Mary 
 Hutchinson, 4 Oct. 1802. Friendship 
 with Scott and Southey begun, 1803. 
 Removed to Coleorton, Leicestershire, 
 1806. Returned to Grasmere, 1808. 
 Contrib. to 'The Friend,' 1810. Re- 
 
WOTTON— WYATT 
 
 305 
 
 moved to Rydal Mount, spring of 1813. 
 Distributor of stamps for Westmore- 
 land, March 1813 to 1842. Visits to 
 Continent, 1820, 1823, 1828, 1837. 
 Hon. D.C.L., Durham, 1838. Hon. 
 D.C.L., Oxford, 12 June 1839. Crown 
 Pension, 1842. Poet Laureate, 1843. 
 Died, at Rydal Mount, 23 April 1850. 
 Buried in Grasmere Churchyard. 
 
 Wwks : ' An Evening Walk,' 1793 ; 
 ' Descriptive Sketches in Verse,' 1793 ; 
 'Lyrical Ballads, with a few other 
 Poems ' (2 vols.), 1798-1800 ; * Poems' 
 (2 vols.), 1807 ; • On the Relations of 
 Great Britain, Spain, and Portugal to 
 each other,' 1809 ; * The Excursion,' 
 1814 ; 'The White Doe of Rylstone,' 
 1815; 'Poems' (3 vols.), 1815-20; 
 •Thanksgiving Ode,' 1816; * Letter 
 to a Friend of Robert Burns,' 1816 ; 
 
 • Peter Bell,' 1819 ; * The Waggoner,' 
 1819; 'The River Duddon,' 1820; 
 
 • The Little Maid and the Gentleman ; 
 or. We are Seven ' (anon.), [1820?]; 
 ' Memorials of a Tour on the Conti- 
 nent,' 1822 ; 'Ecclesiastical Sketches,' 
 1822 ; ' Description of the Scenery of 
 the Lakes in the North of England,' 
 1822 ; ' Yarrow Revisited,' 1836 ; 
 'Sonnets,' 1838; 'Poems,' 1842; 
 
 * Poems on the Loss and Rebuilding 
 of St. Mary's Church,' by W. Words- 
 worth, J. Montgomery, and others, 
 1842 ; ' Ode on the Installation of 
 Prince Albert at Cambridge ' [1847] ; 
 
 * The Prelude,' 1850. 
 
 Collected Works : * Poetical Works,' 
 ed. by E. Dowden (7 vols.), 1892-93 ; 
 'Prose Works," ed. by W. Knight (2 
 vols.), 1896. 
 
 Life: by C. Wordsworth, 1851 ; bj? 
 E. P. Hood, 1856 ; by J. M. Suther- 
 land, 2nd. edn., 1892. 
 
 WOTTON {Sir Henry), 1568-1639. 
 Born, at Boughton Malherbe, Kent, 
 30 March 1568. Early education at 
 Winchester Coll. Matric. New Coll., 
 Oxford, 5 June 1584. Removed to 
 Queen's Coll. ; B.A., 8 June 1588, 
 Travelled on Continent, 1588-95. 
 Student of Middle Temple, 1595, 
 Sec. to Earl of Essex, 1595-1601. In 
 Italy, 1601-03. Knighted, 1603. M.P. 
 for Appleby, 1614 ; for Sandwich, 
 
 1625. Served on various embassies 
 abroad. Provost of Eton, 1624-39. 
 Died, at Eton, Dec. 1639. Buried 
 there. 
 
 Works: 'The Elements of Archi- 
 tecture,' 1604 ; • Epistola ad Marcum 
 VelserumDuumvirum,' 1612; 'Epis- 
 tola de Caspare Scioppio,' 1613 ; * Ad 
 Regeme Scotia reducem . . . Plausus,' 
 1633. 
 
 Posthuinous : ' Parallel between 
 Robert, late Earl of Essex, and George, 
 late Duke of Buckingham,' 1641 ; 
 • Short View of the Life and Death of 
 George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham,* 
 1642 ; 'A Panegyrick of King Charles,' 
 1649 ; ' Reliquiae Wottenianee,' ed. by 
 Izaak Walton, 1651 ; 'The State of 
 Christendom,' 1657 ; ' Letters to Sir 
 Edmund Baker,' 1661; 'Letters to 
 the Lord Zouch,' 1685. 
 
 Collected Works : ' Poems,' ed. by 
 A. Dyce, 1843. 
 
 WYATT (Sir Thomas), 1603-1542. 
 
 Born, at Allington Castle, Kent, 1503. 
 Matric. St. John's Coll., Camb., 1515; 
 B.A., 1518 ; M.A., 1520. Married 
 Hon. Elizabeth Brooke, 1520 [?]. In 
 favour at Court of Henry VIII. 
 Clerk of King's Jewels, Oct. 1524 to 
 May 1531. On embassy to France, 
 1526. Marshal of Calais Castle, 
 1529-30. Commissioner of Peace for 
 Essex, 1532. Imprisoned in Tower 
 at time of Anne Boleyn's trial, spring 
 of 1536 ; released soon afterwards. 
 Knighted, 1537 [?]. Ambassador in 
 Spain, June 1537 to June 1539. On 
 embassy in France and Holland, Nov. 
 1539 to May 1540. Imprisoned in 
 Tower on charge of high treason, 
 1541 ; tried and acquitted, June 1541. 
 Grant of land from King, July 
 1541. High Steward of Manor of 
 Maidstone, 1542. Died, at Sherborne, 
 11 Oct 1542. Buried in Sherborne 
 Church. 
 
 Works: Poems in the Earl of 
 Surrey's ' Songs and Sonnets,' 1567 ; 
 'Poetical Works,' ed. by R. Bell, 
 1854 ; ed by G. Gilfillan, 1858. 
 
 Life : by W. S. Simonds (Boston), 
 1889. 
 
 20 
 
306 
 
 WYCHERLEY— YATES 
 
 WYCHERLEY (William), 1640- 
 1716. Born, in London, 1640. Edu- 
 cated in France, 1655. Became a 
 Roman Catholic. Abjured Church 
 of Rome, and matriculated at Queen's 
 Ooll., Oxford. Took no degree. 
 Student of Inner Temple, 1659. Served 
 in Army during war with Holland. 
 Play, ' Lore in a Wood,' pro- 
 duced at Drury Lane, 1671 ; * The 
 Gentleman Dancing Master,' Dorset 
 Gardens Theatre, Jan. 1672; 'The 
 Country Wife,' Lincoln's Inn Fields 
 Theatre, 1673 [?] ; ' The Plain Dealer,' 
 Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre, 1674. 
 Married (i.) Countess of Drogheda, 
 1678 [?]. After her death was im- 
 prisoned for seven years in the Fleet 
 for debt. Debts paid by James II. , 
 who gave him a pension of £200. 
 Friendship with Pope begun, 1704. 
 Married (ii. ) Miss Jackson, Nov. 1715. 
 Died, in London, Dec. 1715. Buried 
 ia St. Paul's, Covent Garden. 
 
 Works : ' Love in a Wood,' 1672 ; 
 •The Gentleman Dancing Master,' 
 1673; 'The Country Wife,' 1675; 
 ♦The Plain Dealer,' 1677; 'Epistlea 
 to the King and Duke ' (anon.), 1682 ; 
 'Miscellany Poems,' 1704 ; 'Works,' 
 1713. 
 
 Posthumous : * Posthumous Works,' 
 ed. by L. Theobald, 1728. 
 
 Collected Works: 'Plays, etc.' (2 
 vols.), 1720. 
 
 WYCLIF (John), 1320-1384. Born, 
 1320[?]. Educated at Oxford. Fellow, 
 and afterwards Master, of Balliol 
 Coll. Rector of Fillingham, 1361-69 ; 
 Rector of Ludgershall, 1369-74. D.D., 
 Oxford, 1370. Rector of Lutterworth, 
 1374-84. Attended conference with 
 Papal Legates at Bruges, 1375. 
 Accused of heresy, 1377 and 1378. 
 Forbidden to lecture at Oxford, 1381. 
 Again accused of heresy, 1382. En- 
 gaged on English translation of Bible, 
 from 1382. Died, at Lutterworth, 31 
 Dec. 1384. Buried there. 
 
 Works : Wyclif 's translation of the 
 Bible was published complete, ed. by 
 J. Forshall and Sir F. Madden (4 
 voIb.), 1850 ; ' Select English Works,' 
 
 ed. by T. Arnold (3 vols.), 1869-71 ; 
 'English Works hitherto unprinted,' 
 ed. by F. D. Matthew, 1880. 
 Life : by L. Sergeant, 1893. 
 
 YATES (Edmund Hodgson), 1831- 
 1894. Born, in Edinburgh, 3 July 
 1831. Educated at Highgate School, 
 1840-46. At Dusseldorf, 1846-47. 
 Held appointment in Post - Office, 
 1847-72. Oontrib. to 'Court Journal,' 
 ' Keepsake, ' 'Illustrated London News, ' 
 etc., from 1852. Married, 14 April 
 1853. Dramatic Critic to 'Daily News,' 
 1855-61. Edited ' The Comic Times,* 
 Aug. to Nov. 1855 ; ' The Train,' Jan. 
 1856 to June 1858; 'Temple Bar,' 
 1860-67; 'Tinsley's Mag.,' 1867. 
 Frequent contributor to periodicals. 
 Lectured in U.S.A., 1872-73. Special 
 correspondent to ' New York Herald,' 
 1873-75. Founded ' The World' (with 
 Grenville Murray), 1874 ; edited it till 
 his death. Imprisoned for libel pubd. 
 in 'The World,' 1884. Edited * Time,' 
 1879-84 ; ' Groombridge's Mag.,' 1891. 
 Died, in London, 20 May 1894. 
 
 Works: 'My Haunts and their 
 Frequenters,' 1 854 ; ' Mirth and Metre ' 
 (with F. E. Smedley), 1855; 'Mr. 
 Thackeray, Mr. Yates, and the Garrick 
 Club ' (priv. ptd.), 1859 ; 'After Office 
 Hours' [1861]; 'For Better, For 
 Worse,' 1864 ; ' Broken to Harness,' 
 1864 ; ' Pages in Waiting ' (from 
 ' Temple Bar '), 1865; 'The Business 
 of Pleasure ' (2 vols.), 1865 ; 'Running 
 the Gauntlet,' 1865 ; ' Land at Last,' 
 1866 ; 'Kissing the Rod,' 1866 ; 'The 
 Forlorn Hope,' 1867 ; ' Black Sheep,' 
 1867; 'The Rock Ahead,' 1868; 
 ' Wrecked in Port,' 1869 ; 'A Righted 
 Wrong,' 1870; 'Dr. Wainwright's 
 Patient,' 1871; 'Nobody's Fortune,' 
 1872 ; ♦ Castaway,' 1872 ; ' A Waiting 
 Race,' 1872; 'The Yellow Flag,' 
 1872; 'Two by Tricks,' 1874; 'The 
 Impending Sword,' 1874 ; ♦ A Silent 
 Witness,' 1875 ; 'Recollections and 
 Experiences' (2 vols.), 1884. [Three 
 Farces ('My friend from Leatherhead,' 
 ♦A Night at Netting Hill,' 'Hit 
 Him !') written with N. H. Harring- 
 ton, printed in Lacy's Acting Edition 
 of Plays, vols. 29, 30, 47.] 
 
YEATS— YOUNG 
 
 807 
 
 He edited : ' Our Miscellany ' (with 
 R. B. Brough), 1855 ; Mrs. Mathews' 
 'Life and Correspondence of Charles 
 Mathews,' 1860 ; Mortimer CoUins's 
 'Thoughts in my Garden,' 1880. 
 
 YEATS (William Butler), b. 1865. 
 Bom, at Sandymount, Dublin, 13 
 June 1865. Educated at school at 
 Hammersmith, 1874-80 ; in Dublin 
 1880-84. Studied Art, 1883-86 ; but 
 eventually adopted literary career. 
 Contrib. to 'Dublin Univ. JRev.,' and 
 other periodicals, from 1886. To 
 London, 1888. Contrib. to ' National 
 Observer,' * Bookman,' etc. One of 
 Founders of Irish Lit. Soc, and of 
 Nat. Lit. Soc. of Dublin. 
 
 Works : 'The Wanderings of Oisin,' 
 1889 ; ' The Countess Kathleen,' 1892 ; 
 'The Celtic Twilight,' 1893; 'The 
 Land of Heart's Desire,' 1894 ; 
 •Poems,' 1895; 'The Secret Rose,' 
 1897. 
 
 He has edited: 'Fairy and Folk 
 Tales of the Irish Peasantry,' 1888; 
 ' Stories from Carleton ' [1889] ; 'Irish 
 Fairy Tales,' 1892 ; Blake's ' Poems,' 
 1893. 
 
 TONOE (Charlotte Mary), b. 1823. 
 Bom, at Otterbourne, Hampshire, 11 
 Aug. 1823. First literary publication, 
 about 1846. Edited 'Monthly Packet,' 
 1851-93. Has resided all her life at 
 Otterbourne. 
 
 Works : Miss Yonge's Works 
 number upwards of 150. A collected 
 edition of her ' Novels and Tales' was 
 begun in 1879. Among the best 
 known of her separate publications 
 are: 'The Two Guardians,' 1852; 
 ' Landmarks of History ' (Ancient, 
 Middle Ages, Modern), 3 pts., 1852, 
 1853, 1857 ; ' The Heir of Redclyflfe,' 
 1853; 'The Daisy Chain,' 1856; 
 ' Hopes and Fears,' 1860 ; ' Life of J. 
 C. Patteson,' 1874 [1873] ; * Aunt 
 Charlotte's Stories of English His- 
 tory,' 1873, ' of Greek History,' 1876, 
 *of Roman History,' 1877, 'of Ger- 
 man History,' 1878 ; 'The Armourer's 
 Prentices,' 1884; 'A Modern Tele- 
 machus ' 1886 ; « The Victorian Half- 
 Century,' 1886; * Under the Storm,' 
 
 1887 ; • Our New Mistress,' 1888 ; 
 ' Life of H.E.H. the Prince Consort,' 
 1890 [1889]; 'Slaves of Sabinus,' 
 1890; 'Countess Kate,' 1892; 'An 
 Old Woman's Outlook on a Hamp- 
 shire Village,' 1892 ; 'The Long Va- 
 cation,' 1895; 'The Cook and the 
 Captive,' 1895 ; ' The Wardship of 
 Steepcombe,' 1896 ; 'The Carbonels,' 
 1896; 'The Release,' 1896; 'The 
 Pilgrimage of the Ben Beriah,' 1897. 
 
 YOUNG (Edward), 1683-1766. Born, 
 at Upham, Hants, June 1683. At 
 Winchester School, 1694-99. Matric. 
 New Coll., Oxford, 3 Oct. 1702. 
 Soon afterwards removed to Corpus 
 Christi Coll. Law Fellowship, All 
 Souls' Coll., 1706 ; B.C.L., 23 April 
 1714 ; D.C.L., 10 June 1719. Tutor 
 to Lord Burleigh, for a short time 
 before 1719. Play ' Busiris * pro- 
 duced at Dmry Lane, March 1719 ; 
 *The Brothers,' Dmry Lane, 1753. 
 Ordained, 1727 ; Chaplain to George 
 II., April 1728; Rector of Wel- 
 wyn, Herts, 1730-65. Married Lady 
 Elizabeth Leigh, 27 May 1731. 
 Clerk of Closet to Princess Dowager, 
 1761. Died, at Welwyn, 5 April 
 1765. Buried there. 
 
 Works : * Epistle to . . . Lord Lans- 
 down,' 1713 ; ' A Poem on the Lord's 
 Day,' 1713 (2nd edn. same year) ; 
 ♦The Force of Religion,' 1714; 'On 
 the Late Queen's Death,' 1714 ; 
 ♦ Oratio habita in Coll. Omnium Ani- 
 marum,' 1716 ; 'Paraphrase on part 
 of the Book of Job,' 1719 ; ' Busiris,' 
 1719 ; ' Letter to Mr. Tickell,' 1719 ; 
 ' The Revenge,' 1721 ; ' The Universal 
 Passion' (6 pts.: anon.), 1725-28; 
 'The Instalment,' 1726; 'Cynthio' 
 (anon.), 1727; 'Ocean,' 1728; 'A 
 Vindication of Providence,' 1728 (2nd 
 edn. same year) ; * An Apology for 
 Princes,' 1729 ; * Imperium Pelagi ' 
 (anon. ), 1730 ; ' Two Epistles to Mr. 
 Pope ' (anon.), 1730 ; 'The Sea-Piece,' 
 1730 ; ' The Foreign Address,' 1734 ; 
 'Poetical Works' (2 vols.), 1741; 
 ' The Complaint ; or. Night Thoughts 
 on Life, Death, and Immortality' 
 (anon, ; 9 pts.), 1742-46 ; ♦ The Con- 
 solation ' (anon.), 1745 ; ' Reflectiona 
 20—2 
 
808 
 
 YOUNG 
 
 on the Public Situation of the King- 
 dom,' 1745 ; ' The Brothers ' (anon.), 
 1753; 'The Centaur not Fabulous' 
 (anon.), 1755 ; ' An Argument drawn 
 from the circumstances of Christ's 
 Death,' 1758 ; 'Conjectures on Original 
 
 Composition ' (anon.), 1759 (2nd edn. 
 same year) ; ' Resignation ' (anon.), 
 1762 ; ' Works ' (4 vols.), 1764. 
 
 Posthumous : 'The Merchant,' 1771. 
 
 Collected Ifbr^s; 'Complete Works,' 
 ed. by Dr. Doran (2 vols.), 1854. 
 
ADDENDA 
 
 ACTON (John Emerioh Edward 
 Dalberg). Baron Acion. K.C.V.O., 
 1897. 
 
 ALLEN (Charles Grant Blairflndie). 
 'Historical Guides' to Florence, Paris, 
 Cities of Belgium, 1897 ; 'An African 
 Millionaire,' 1897. 
 
 ARCHER (William). 'The Thea 
 trical World of 1896,' 1897 ; Ibsen's 
 'John Qabriel Borkman' {tramlated), 
 1897. 
 
 AUSTIN (Alfred). 'The Conversion 
 of Winckelmann,' 1897 ; ' Victoria,' 
 1897. 
 
 BARINO . GOULD (Sabine). 'A 
 Study of St. Paul,' 1897 ; ' life of 
 Napoleon Bonaparte,' 1897 ; 'Guavas 
 the Tinner,' 1897; 'Bladys of the 
 Stewponey,' 1897 ; 'Perpetua,' 1897. 
 
 BESANT {Sir Walter). 'A Foun- 
 tain Sealed,' 1897 ; ' The Rise of the 
 Empire,' 1897; 'The Queen's Reign 
 and its Commemoration,' 1897. 
 
 BIRRELL (Augastine). ' Lectures 
 on the Law of Employers' Liability,' 
 1897. 
 
 BOTD (Andrew Kennedy Hntchin- 
 Bon). Married Janet Meldrum, 5 
 April 1897. 
 
 BRADDON (Mary Elizabeth). 
 
 • Under Love's Rule,' 1897. 
 
 BRIDGES (Robert Seymonr). Edited 
 ' Yattendon Hymnal' (2 pts.), 1895-97. 
 
 BROUGHTON (Rhoda). «Dear 
 Faustina,' 1897. 
 
 BROWNING (Elizabeth Barrett). 
 
 * The Battle of Marathon,' 1820 ; 
 
 ♦ Letters,' ed. by F. G. Kenyon, 1897. 
 
 BCRTON {Sir Richard Francifl). 
 ' Human Sacrifice among the Sephar- 
 dlm ' {posihumou8)t 1897. 
 
 CAINE (Thomas Henry Hall). • The 
 
 Christian,' 1897. 
 
 COURTHOPE( William John). 'The 
 
 Longest Reign,' 1897. 
 
 CRAIK (Dinah Uaria). 'The 
 Half-Caste* {posthumous), 1897. 
 
 CRAWFORD (Francis Marion). ' A 
 Rose of Yesterday,' 1897. 
 
 CREIGHTON (Mandell), Bisfiop of 
 London. Appointed Dean of Chapels 
 Royal, 1897. Pub. • The Heritage of 
 the Spirit,' 1896. 
 
 DE VERE (Aubrey Thomas). ' Re- 
 collections,' 1897. 
 
 DOBSON (Henry Austin). 'Col- 
 lected Verses,' 1897. 
 
 DOUDNEY (Sarah). 'Pilgrima of 
 the Night,' 1897. 
 
 DOWDEN (Edward). ' The French 
 Revolution and English Literature,' 
 1897; 'A History of French Litera- 
 ture,' 1897. 
 
 FARRAR (Frederick William), 
 Dean of Canterbury. ' The Bible : its 
 meaning and supremacy,' 1897 ; * The 
 Heroda,' 1897. 
 
 GARDINER (Samuel Rawson). 
 ' Cromwell's Place in History,' 1897 ; 
 'What the Gunpowder Plot was,' 
 1897; ' History of the Commonwealth 
 and Protectorate,' vol. ii., 1897. 
 
 GARNETT (Richard). Editor of 
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310 
 
 ADDENDA 
 
 GILBERT (William Schwenck). 
 Play ' The Fortune Hunter ' pro- 
 duced at Theatre Royal, Birming- 
 ham, 27 Sept. 1897. 
 
 GLADSTONE (William Ewart). 
 'Later Gleanings,' 1897. 
 
 HARTE (Francis Bret). 'Three 
 Partners,' 1897. 
 
 JAMES (Henry). 'What Maisie 
 Knew,' 1897. 
 
 LAND OB (Walter Savage). 
 ' Letters, and other unpublished 
 Writings,' ed. by S. Wheeler, 1897. 
 
 LANG (Andrew). 'The Book of 
 Dreams and Ghosts,' 1897. Ed. ' The 
 Pink Fairy Book,' 1897. 
 
 MACDONALD (George). 'Ram- 
 poUi,' 1897. 
 
 MORRIS {Sir Lewis). ' The Dia- 
 mond Jubilee ' (from ' The Times '), 
 1897. 
 
 N R R I S (William Edward). 
 • Marietta's Marriage,' 1897. 
 
 OLIPHANT (Margaret Oliphant), 
 Mrs. 'The Lady's Walk' (posth.), 
 1897 ; ' William Blackwood and his 
 Sons' iposth.), 1897. 
 
 OTJID A. ' The Altruist, ' 1 897. 
 
 PALGRAVE (Francis Turner). 
 Died, in London, 24 Oct. 1897. 
 Fuhd. : 'Golden Treasury,' 2nd series, 
 1897. 
 
 PAYN (James). 'Another's Burden,' 
 1897. 
 
 QUILLER- COUCH ( Arthur Thomas). 
 ' St. Ives,' by R. L. Stevenson, com- 
 pleted by A. T. Quiller-Couch, 1897. 
 
 RUSSELL (William Clark). ' The 
 Two Captains,' 1897. 
 
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 ford, Kt. of Prussian Order * Pour le 
 Merite,' 1897. 
 
 TENNYSON (Alfrei), Baron Tenny- 
 son. Life : by his son, 1897. 
 
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