,
 
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 UNIVERSITY OF 
 
 AT LOS ANGELES
 
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 :■•• !'.• .*.'. ;'.;- ;>; 
 
 C 
 
 ODE 
 
 O F 
 
 GENTOO LAWS, 
 
 O R, 
 
 ORDINATIONS 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 P U N D I r s, 
 
 FROM A 
 
 PersianTranslation, 
 
 i 
 
 M A D E F R O M T H E 
 
 ORIGINAL, 
 
 WRITTEN IN THE 
 
 SHANSCRIT LANGUAGE. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed in the Year m dcc lxxvi, 
 
 Q 1 p; 4 '^
 
 . ::•: /: ••• 
 
 • • .'. 
 
 > • • •
 
 \ 
 
 X3G^ 
 
 11- 
 
 
 LETTER 
 
 FRO M 
 
 WARREN HASTINGS, Efq. 
 
   
 
 Governor- General o^ Fort'JVilliam^ in Bengal^ 
 
 TO THE 
 
 COURToF DIRECTORS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 United Company of Merchants of £';^^/^/;^, Trading to th 
 
 E A S T - I N D I E S, 
 
 Honourable Sirs, 
 
 HAVE now the Satisfaction to tranfmit to you a complete 
 
 ajid corre(5le.d.Copy of a Translation of the Gen too Code, 
 
 executed with great Ability, Diligence and Fidelity, by Mr. 
 
 Halted, from a Feriian Verfion of the original Shanfcrit,. which 
 
 was undertaken under the immediate Infpecftion of the Pundits or 
 
 Compilers of this Work>. 
 
 I HAVE 
 
 e
 
 ( iv ) 
 
 I HAVE not Time to ofTer any Obfervatlons upon thefe Produc- 
 tions; indeed they will beft fpeak for themfelves : I could have 
 v.'iihed to have obtained an Omiflion or Amendment of fome PaiT- 
 cges, to have rendered them more fit for the Public Eye; but the 
 Pundits, when defircd to revife them, could not be prevailed upon 
 to make any Alterations, as they declared, they had the San(ftion of 
 their Shaller, and were therefore incapable of Amendment; poffibly 
 thefe may be confidcred as elTential Parts of the Work, fmce they 
 mark the Principles on which many of the Laws were formed, and 
 bear the Stamp of a very remote Antiquity, in which the Refine- 
 ments of Society were lefs known, and the Manners more influenced 
 ,ly the natural Impulfe of the Paflions. 
 
 I HAVE the Honour to be, with the greatefl Refpecft, 
 
 IIoNouiiABLE Sirs, 
 
 Your moft obedient. 
 
 And mofc faithful humble Servant, 
 
 Warren Haftings. 
 
 Fo;t- William, 
 ZyCh March, 1775.
 
 ( V ) 
 
 LETTER 
 
 To the CHAIRMAN of the Court of Directors 
 of the United Eaft-India Company, dated at Calcutta, 
 bth Auguft, 1775* 
 
 SIR, 
 
 IH A V E too long ferved under Mr. Ha/lings not to be con- 
 vinced, that he would never have fufFered the accompanying 
 Addrefs to go home in his Enclofure ; reduced therefore to the 
 NecefTity of eluding his Knowledge, I have taken the Liberty, by 
 this only pofTible Pvlethod, toexprefs my Gratitude for his Favours : 
 and the peculiar Circumftances of the Cafe will, I hope, apologize 
 to you. Sir, for the Abruptnefs of this Intrufion. — I humbly re- 
 quefr, that when the Code of Gentoo Laws, Preliminary 
 Treatise, &c. fliall come to be printed, you v/ill alfo be pleafed. 
 to permit the Publication of this Addrefs. 
 
 I AM, with the greateil Refpedl, 
 
 S J Ry 
 
 Tour mofi obedient Lumhk Ee7"vaj2ty 
 
 Nathaniel Bi'ajfey IlalbccL 
 
 B
 
 T O T H E 
 
 Hon'^^ JFARREN HASTINGS, Efq- 
 
 COVER NOR. GENERAL 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Britifli Settlements in the Eaft-Indies, &'c. &fc. 
 
 Honourable SIR, 
 
 BY the Publication of the Colledion of Gentoo Laws, made 
 under your immediate Authority, I find myfelf involuntarily 
 held forth to the Public as -an Author, almofl as foon as I 
 .liavc commenced to be a Man. 
 
 It Is therefore with fomc Propriety that I claim to this Work 
 •the Continuation of your Patronage, which as it at firfl: feledled 
 -me from a Number of more worthy Competitors to undertake the 
 Tafk, fo it has by conftant Afliftance and Encouragement been the 
 entire Inftrumcnt of its Completion. — Indeed, if all the Lights, 
 which at different Periods ha^/e been thrown upon this Subjedt, 
 by your happy Suggeflions, had been with-held, there would have 
 remained for my Share of the Performance nothing but a Mafs of 
 Obfcurity and Confufion ; fo that in your own Right, the whole 
 Refult of the Execution is yours, as well as the entire Merit of the 
 original Plan. 
 
 It
 
 ( vii ) 
 
 It is my earnefl Wiili that you may long be the prime Adminlf- 
 trator of an Eftablifhment, to which you have fo excellently paved 
 the Way; as I am fure your extenfive general Knowledge, joined to 
 your particular Experience in the Affairs of India, give you Ad- 
 vantages which can fcarcely fall to the Share of any other Subjed: 
 of the Britifi Empire. 
 
 I AM, with the greateft Refpe(5l and Gratitude, 
 
 Honourable SIR, 
 
 Tour moji obliged. 
 
 And mojl obedient Servant, 
 
 Nathaniel Brajfey Halhed.
 
 { i.v ) 
 
 THE 
 
 5 
 
 TRANSLATOR S PREFACE. 
 
 THE Importance of the Commerce of India, and the Advantages 
 of a Territorial Eflablifhrnent in Bengal, have at length awakened 
 the Attention of the Britifli Legillature to every Circumftance 
 that may conciliate the Affections of the Natives, or enfure Stability 
 to the Acquifition. Nothing can fo favourably conduce to thefe two 
 Points as a well-timed Toleration in Matters of Religion, and an 
 Adoption of fuch original Inflitutes of the Country, as do not im- 
 mediately clafh with the Laws or Intereils of the Conquerors. 
 
 To a fleady Porfuance of this great Maxim, much of the Succefs 
 of the Romans may be attributed, who not only allowed to their fo- 
 reign Subjeds the free Exercife of their ow.n Religion, and the Ad- 
 minillration of their own civil Jurifdi(5lion, but fometimes by a Po- 
 
 C licy
 
 ( X ) 
 
 llcy flill more flattering, even naturalized fuch Parts of the Mytho- 
 logy of the Conquered, as were in any refped: compatible with their 
 own Sy fit nil 
 
 With a View to the fame political Ad vantages, and in Obfervance 
 of fo jftriking an Example, the following Compilation was fet on 
 foot; which muft be confidered as the only Work of the Kind, 
 wherein the genuine Principles of the Gentoo Jurifprudence are made 
 public, with the Sandion of their mofl refpedtable Pundits (or 
 Lawyers'! and which offers a complete Confutation of the Belief too 
 common in Europe, that the Hindoos have no written Laws what- 
 ever, but fuch as relate to the ceremonious Peculiarities of their 
 Superftition. 
 
 The ProfefTors of the Ordinances here colledled flill fpeak the ori- 
 ginal Language in which they were compofed, and which is entirely 
 unknown to the Bulk of the People, who have fettled upvon thofe 
 Profeflors feveral great Endowments and Benefadlions in all Parts of 
 Hindollan, and pay them befides a Degree of perfonal Refpe<51: little 
 flioit of Idolatry, in return for the Advantages fuppofed to be derived 
 from their Studies. A Set of the mofl experienced of thefe Lawvers 
 was felected from every Part of Bengal for the Purpofe of compilino- 
 the prefent Work, which they picked out Sentence by Sentence 
 fron) various Originals in the Shanfcrit Language, neither add- 
 ing to nor dlminidiing any Part of the ancient Text. The Ar- 
 ticles iluis collected v/ere next tranflated literally into Perfian, under 
 the Lnfpcdion of one of their own Body; and from that Tranflation 
 
 were
 
 ( xi ) 
 
 were rendered into Engllfli with an equal Attention to tlie Clofenefs 
 and Fidelity of the Verfion. Lefs ftudious of Elegance than of Accu- 
 racy, the Tranllator thought it more excufable to tire the Reader 
 with the Flatnefs of a literal Interpretation, than to miflead him by 
 a vague and devious Paraphrafe ; Co that the entire Order of the Book, 
 the feveral Divifions of its Contents, and the whole Turn of the 
 Phrafe, is in every Part the immediate Produdl of the Bramins. The 
 Englidi Dialed in which it is here offered to the Public, and that 
 only, is not the Performance of a Gentoo. From hence therefore 
 may be formed a precife Idea of the Cuftoms and Manners of thefe 
 People, which, to their great Injury, have long been mifreprefented 
 in the Weflern World. From hence alfo Materials may be colleded 
 towards the legal Accompliflimcnt of a new Syflem of Government 
 in Bengal, wherein the Britiili Laws may, in fome Degree, be foftened 
 and tempered by a moderate Attention to the peculiar and national 
 Prejudices of the Hindoo ; fome of whofe Inftitutes, however fanci- 
 ful and injudicious, may perhaps be preferable to any which could be 
 fubftituted in their room. They arc interwoven with the Religion 
 of the Country, and are therefore revered as of the highei!: Authority: 
 They are the Conditions by which they hold their Rank in Societyo 
 Long Ufage has perfuaded them of their Equity, and they will always 
 gladly embrace the Permiflion to obey them ; to be obliged to re- 
 nounce their Obedience would probably be cfleemed among them a. 
 real Hardfliip. 
 
 The 
 
 ***
 
 ( xll ) 
 
 TriE Attention which the Tranfiatorwas forced to befcowupon Co 
 uncommon a Subject, the Numlicr of Enqiiliics neced'ny for the Ela- 
 cidatlon of ahnoft every Sentence, and the many Opportunities of mod 
 dccifive Information, which the Courfe of the Work prefented, give 
 him in fome Meafure a Right to claim the Convidlon cf the World 
 upon Hiany dubious Points, which have long eluded the nicefl In- 
 veftigation. He is very far from wiHnng to eftablifli his own Doc- 
 trines upon the Ruins of thofe which he found already erected; and 
 when he oppofes popular Opinion, or contradicts any ill-grounded 
 AHertion, it is with the utmoft Diftruft of his own Abilities, and 
 merely in SubmilTion to the Authority of that Truthwhich the Can- 
 did will ever be glad to fupport, even in Prejudice to a Syflem of 
 tiieir own Formation. 
 
 In a Tra6t fo untrodden as this, many Paths muft be attempted 
 before we can hit upon the right. We owe much to every Perfon, 
 who in fo troublefome a Road hath removed a fingle Obflacle, or 
 opened the fmaJlefl Channel for Difcovery; and the more difficult 
 the Completion of the Adventure, the greater is the Merit of each 
 Attempt. The prefent Work however is the only one of this Na- 
 ture ever undertaken by Authority ; the only Inf!:ance, in which the 
 Bramlns have ever been perfuaded to give up a Part of their own Con- 
 fequencc for the general Benefit of the whole Community : An j the 
 Fen of the Tranflator mufl; be confidered as entirely the paffive In^- 
 ftniment, by which the Laws of this fingular r^ation are u/hered into 
 t;';c World from thofe Bramins themfelves. 
 
 3 In
 
 ( xili ) 
 
 In this preliminary Treatlfe it is propofed, after a few general and 
 introdu6tory Obfervations, to attempt a fliort Account of the Shanfcrit 
 Language, and an Explanation of fuch PaiTages in the Body of the 
 Code, as may appear by their Peculiarity or Repugnance to our Sen- 
 timents to lie moft open to Objection. 
 
 Many conje(Sural Dosflrines have been circulated by the Learned 
 and Ingenious of Europe upon the Mythology of the Gentoos; and 
 they have unanimoufly endeavoured to conftrue the extravagant Fa- 
 bles with which it abounds into fublime and myftical Symbols of 
 the moft refined Morality. This Mode of reafoning, however com- 
 mon, is not quite candid or equitable, becaufe it fets out with fup- 
 pofing in thofe People a Deficiency of Faith with Refpecfl to the Au- 
 thenticity of their own Scriptures, which, although our better In- 
 formation may convince us to be altogether falfe and erroneous, 
 yet are by them literally efteemed as the immediate Revelations of 
 the Almighty j and the fame confidential Reliance, which we put in 
 the Divine Text upon the Authority of its Divine Infpirer himfelf, 
 is by their miftaken Prejudices implicitly transferred to the Beids of 
 the Shafter. Hence we are not juftified in grounding the Standard 
 and Criterion of our Examination of the Hindoo Religion upon the 
 known and infallible Truth of our own, becaufe the oppofite Party 
 would either deny the firft Principles of our Argument, or infilt 
 upon an equal Right on their Side to fuppofe the Veracity of their 
 own Scriptures uncontrovertible. 
 
 D It
 
 ( xiv ) 
 
 It may poflibly be owing to tfiis Vnnity of reconciling every 
 other Mode of Worfliip to fome Kind of Conformity with our own, 
 that allegorical Conftrudions, and forced Allufions to a myftic 
 Morality, have been conftantly foiiled in upon the plain and literal 
 Context of every Pagan Mythology. But we fhould confider, that 
 the Inftitution of a Religion has been in every Country the firfl 
 Step towards an Emcrfion from Savage Barbarifm, and the Efla- 
 bllHiment of Civil Society -, that the human Mind at that Period, 
 when Reafon is jufc beginning to dawn, and Science is yet below 
 the Horizon, has by no Means acquired that Facility of Invention, 
 and thofe profound Habits of thinking, which are neceflary to 
 fhrike out, to arrange, and to complete a connected, confident 
 Chain of abftrufe Allegory. The Vulgar and Illiterate have al- 
 ways underjftood the Mythology of their Country in its moit {nn^ 
 pie and literal Senfe ; and there was a Time to every Nation, whea 
 the higheft Rank in it was equally vulgar and illiterate with the 
 lowell. Surely then, we have no Right to fufped: in Them a 
 greater Propenfity to, or Capability of the Compofition of fuch 
 fubtle Myfleries in thofe Ages of Ignorance, than we find to exift 
 in their legitimate Succeilbrs, the modern Vulgar and Illiterate at 
 this Day. 
 
 We have feen frequent and unfuccefsful Attempts amon^^ our- 
 felves to fublimate into allufive and fymbolical Meanings the Mo- 
 faic Account of the Creation : Such erratic Syftems have rifen 
 but to be exploded ; and their mutual Difagreement with each 
 
 other. 
 
 4
 
 ( '^v ) 
 
 other, in thefe fanciful Interpretations, is to us an additional Argu- 
 ment for the literal Veracity of the Infpired Penman. The Faith 
 of a Gentoo (mifguided as it is, and groundlefs as it may be) is 
 equally implicit with that of a Chriftian, and his Allegiance to his 
 own fuppofed Revelations of the Divine V/ill altogether as firm. 
 He therefore efteems the aflonifliing Miracles attributed to a 
 Brihma, a Raam, or a Kilhen, as Fadis of the mofl indubitable 
 Authenticity, and the Relation of them as mofl fl:ri(ftly hiftorical. 
 
 But not to interfere with fuch Parts of the Hindoo Mytholo- 
 gy as have not been revealed or explained to him, the Tranflator 
 can pofitively affirm, that the Dodrine of the Creation, as fct forth 
 in the prefatory Difcourfe to this Code, is there delivered as fim- 
 ple and plain Matter of Fad:, and as a fundamental Article in 
 every pious Gentoo's Creed; that it was fo meant and underflood 
 by the Compilers of this Work unanimoufly, who bore the firft 
 Chara(5lers in Bengal, both for their natural and acquired Abili- 
 ties ; and that their Accounts have been corroborated by the In- 
 formation of many other learned Bramins in the Courfe of a wide 
 and laborious Enquiry ; nor can it be ctherwifc, unlefs the Pro- 
 grefs of Science, inftead of being flow and gradual, were quick and 
 inflantaneous ; unlefs Men could flart up at once into Divines and 
 Philofophers from the very Cradle of Civilizaticn, or could defer 
 the Profefiion of any Religion at all, until progreffive Centuries had 
 ripened them into a Fitnefs for the mofl abflraded Speculations. 
 
 Yet
 
 ( xvi ) 
 
 Yet it may fairly be prefumed, that when the Manners of a 
 People become polillied, and their Ideas enlightened. Attempts, 
 Avill be made to revife and refit their Religious Creed into a Con- 
 formity with the Reft of their Improvements ; and that thofeDoc-. 
 trincs, which the ignorant Anceftor received with Reverence and 
 Convi(fl:ion, as the literal Expofition of undoubted Fadt, the 
 philofophic Defcendant will llirive to glofs over by a pojleriorl Con- 
 ftrudliions of his own ; and, in the Fury of Symbol and Allegory, 
 obfcure and diflort that Text which the Simplicity of its Author 
 never fufpedled as liable to the Pofiibility of fuch Mutilation. — 
 Thefe Innovations however have always been fcreened, with the 
 moft fcrupulous Attention, from the general View of Mankind ; 
 and, if a hardy Sage hath at any Time ven-tured to rem+ove the Veil, 
 his Opinions have ufually been received with Deteftation, and his 
 Perfon hath frequently paid the Forfeit of his Temerity. 
 
 The real Intention and Subject of the Eleufinian Myfleries arc 
 now v/ell known ; but it cannot, with much Plaufibility, be pre- 
 tended, that thofe Myfteries were coeval with the Mythology to 
 whofe Difproval they owed their Eftablidiment : Probably, the 
 Inilitution was formed at a more advanced Period of Science, when 
 the Minds of the Learned were eager to pierce through the Obfcu- 
 rity of Superflition, and when the Vanity of fuperior Penetration 
 made them afliamed literally to believe thofe Tenets, which popular 
 Prejudice would not fuffer them utterly to renounce. 
 
 Instancejs
 
 ( xvn ) 
 
 Instances In Support of this Argument might perhaps, with^ 
 out a Strain, be drawn even from feme Parts of the Holy Scrip- 
 tures : And here the Account of the Scape-Goat, In the Laws of 
 Mofes, offers itfelf for that Purpofe with the greater Propriety, as 
 it is not altogether diffimilar to a particular Inftitute of the Gen- 
 toos. The infpired Author, after defcribing the preliminary Ce- 
 remonies of this Sacrifice, proceeds thus ; 
 
 ** And Aaron ihall lay both his Hands upon the H^ad of the 
 
 ** Scape-Goat, and confefs over him all the Iniquities of the Chil- 
 
 ** dren of Ifrael, and all their Tranfgrcllions in all their Sins, 
 
 ** putting them upon the Head of the Goat, and fliall fend him 
 
 " away by the Hand of alit Man into the Wildernefs : And the 
 
 ** Goat Ihall bear upon him all their Iniquities unto a Land not in- 
 
 ** habited 3 and he fliall let go the Goat in the Wildernefs." 
 
 The Jews-, at the Period when this Ceremony was ordained, 
 were very little removed from a State of Barbarifm : Grofs in their 
 Conceptions, illiterate in their Education, and uncultivated in 
 their Manners; they were by no Means fit Subjecfts for the Com- 
 prehenfion of a Myftery ; and doubtlefs, at that Time, believed 
 that their Crimes were thus, really and bond fide laid upon the Head 
 of the Vid:im : Yet the more Wife, in fucceeding Ages, might 
 ^yell ftart from fuch a Prejudice, and rightly conceive it to be a ty- 
 pical Reprefentation of the Doctrine of Abfolution, 
 ^,, E Hence
 
 ( xviii ) 
 
 Hence it may be iinderrtood, that v/hat has been herein advan*- 
 ced does not mean to fct afide the Improvements of Philofophy, or 
 to deny the occafional Employment of Allegory, bat merely to efta- 
 blilh one plain Pofition, that Religion, in general, at its Origin, is 
 believed literally as it is profeffed, and that it is afterwards rather 
 refined by the Learned thandcbafed by the Ignorant. 
 
 The Gentoo Ceremony, which was hinted at as bearing a remote 
 Likenefs to the Sacrifice of the Scape-Goat, is the Aflmmmeed Jugg, 
 of which a moil' abfurd and fabulous Explanation may be found in. 
 the Body of the Code : Yet, unnatural as th^ Account there {lands, 
 it is fcriouily credited by the Hindoos of all Denominations, except 
 perhaps a few iTidividuals, v/ho, by the Variety and Contradi(flions 
 of their feveral allegorical Interpretations, have mutually precluded 
 each other from all Pretenfions to Infallibility. 
 
 That the Curious may form fome Idea of this Gentoo Sacrifice 
 
 when reduced to a Symbol, as well as from the fubfequent plain^ 
 
 Account given of it in a Chapter of the Code, an Explanation of it 
 
 is here inferted from Darul Shekuh's famous Pcrfian Tranflation of 
 
 fome Commentaries upon the Four Eeids, or original Scriptures of 
 
 Hindoflan : The Work itfclf is extremely fcarcc, and perhaps of 
 
 dubious Authenticity ; and it was by mere Accident that this fit- 
 
 iVc Specimen was procured. 
 I r. .> 
 
 Explanatmh 

 
 ( xix ) 
 
 Explanation of the Apmnmeed ^Jugg, 
 
 " The Afliummeed Jugg does not merely confifl in the Per- 
 •* formance of that Ceremony which is open to the Infpedlion of 
 *■* the World, namely, in bringing a Horfe and facrificing him; 
 ** but Afhummeed is to be taken in a myftic Signification, as im- 
 ** plying, that the Sacrificer mufl look upon himfelf to be typified in 
 ** that Horfe, fuch as he fhall b€ defcribed, becaufe the religious 
 ** Duty of the Afhummeed Jugg compreliends all thofe other reli- 
 ** gious Duties, to the Performance of which all the Wife and Ho- 
 ** ly dire(ft all their Adions, and by which all the finccre Profef- 
 ** fors of every different Faith aim at Perfedion : The myflic 
 ** Signification thereof is as follows : The Head of that unble- 
 ** mifhed Horfe is the Symbol of the Morning , his Eyes are the 
 ** Sun; his Breath the Wind; his wide-opening Mouth is the 
 *■* Bifhwaner, or that innate Warmth which invigorates all the 
 << World; his Body typifies one entire Year ; his Back Paradife; 
 ** his Belly the Plains ; his Hoof this Earth ; his Sides tlie four 
 *•< Quarters of the Pleavens ; tlie Bones thereof the intermediate 
 '* Spaces between the four Quarters; the Re fl of his Limbs repre- 
 *-* fent all diftin6t Matter; the Places where thofe Limbs meet, or 
 ''^ his Joints, imply the Months and Halves of the Months, which 
 "* are called Peche- (or Fortnights ;) his Feet fignify Night and 
 *< Day; and Night and Day are of four Kinds : ift. The Night and 
 ** DayofBrihma; 2d-. • The- Night "and Day of A-ngcls ; 3d. The 
 ** Night and Day of the World of the Spirits of deceafed x'\ncef- 
 
 **tors;
 
 ( XX ) 
 
 *' tors; 4tli. The Night and Day of Mortals : Thefe four Kinds are 
 
 ** typihed in his four Feet. The Rell of his Bones are the Conftel- 
 
 ** lations of the fixed Stars, which are the twenty-eight Stages of the 
 
 " Moon's Courfe, called the Lunar Year; his Flefh is the Clouds ; 
 
 "' his Food the Sand ; his Tendons the Rivers ; his Spleen and 
 
 ** Liver the Mountains; the Hair of his Body the Vegetables, and 
 
 *' his long Hair the Trees ; the Forepart of his Body typifies the 
 
 •' firft Half of the Day, and the hinder Part the latter Half; his 
 
 *' Yawning is the Flafli of the Lightning, and his turning himfelf 
 
 *' is the Thunder of the Cloud; his Urine reprefents the Rain; 
 
 *' and his mental Refiedion is his only Speech. The golden Vef- 
 
 ** fels which are prepared before the Horfe is let loofe are the 
 
 ** Light of the Day, and the Place where thofe Vefiels are kept is 
 
 ** a Type of the Ocean of the Eafl ; the filver Vefiels which are 
 
 *' prepared after the Florfe is let loofe are the Light of the 
 
 ** Night, and the Place where thofe Veflels are kept is a Type of 
 
 ** the Ocean of the Weft : Thefe two Sorts of VeiTels are alwaya 
 
 *' before and after the Horfe.— The Arabian Horfe, which on Ac- 
 
 *' count of his Swiftnefs is called Hy, is the Performer of the 
 
 ** Journics of Angels ; the Tajee, which is of the Race of Perfian 
 
 •' Horfes, is the Performer of the Journies of the Kundherps (or 
 
 ** good Spirits •) the Wiizba, which is of the Race of the deformed 
 
 " Tazee Ilorfcs, is tlie Performer of the Journies of the Jins (or 
 
 " Demons;) and the Afhoo, which is of the Race of Turkifh 
 
 " Horfes, is the Performer of the Journies of Mankind : This one 
 
 ** Horfe, which performs thefe feveral Services, on Account of his 
 
 • ... i..:.: ..*■ .four
 
 ( xxi ) 
 
 ^' four diiferent Sorts of Riders, obtains the four different Ap- 
 *' pellations : The Place where this Horfe remains is the great 
 " Ocean, which figniiies the great Spirit of Perm-Atma, or the 
 ** univerfal Soul, which proceeds alfo from that Perm-Atma, and 
 ** is comprehended in the fame Perm-Atma. The Intent of this 
 ** Sacrifice is, that a Man fhould confidcr himfelf to be in the 
 *' Place of that Horfe, and look upon all thefe Articles as typified 
 ^* in himfelf 3 and, conceiving the Atma (or divine Soul) to be an 
 ** Ocean, ihould let all Thought of Self be abforbed in that Atma." 
 
 This is the very Acme and Enthufiafm of Allegory, and wonder- 
 fully difplays the pldturefque Powers of Fancy in an Afiatic Genius. 
 But it would not have been inferted at Length in this Place, if 
 the Circumftance of letting loofe the Horfe had not feemed to bear 
 a great Refemblance to the Ceremonies of the Scape-Goat ; and 
 perhaps the known Intention of this latter may plead for the like 
 hidden Meaning in the former. But to quit this Digreffion. — 
 The real Appellations of the Country and of the Inhabitants of 
 Hindoflan, by which they are conftantly denominated in the an- 
 cient Writings of the Natives, feem hitherto to have efcaped the 
 Notice of the Weflern World. 
 
 HiNDosTAN is a Perfian Word, equally unknown to the old and 
 modern Shanfcrit, compounded of Stan, a Region, and the Word 
 Hind, or Hindoo: Probably Colonel Dow's elegant Tranflation 
 of Ferifliteh's Hiflory gives us the true Derivation, in that Author's 
 
 F " Conjedure,
 
 ( xxii ) 
 
 Conjedure, that it is taken from Hind, a fuppcfed Son of Ham^ 
 the Son of Noah ; and, whatever Antiquity the Indians may affert 
 for themfelves (of which fome Notice will fubfequently be taken) 
 the Perfians, we believe, will reft contented to allow, that the firft 
 Intcrcourfe between the two Nations commenced in the third Def- 
 cent from the Deluge. But, if this Definition were rejeded, the 
 common Opinion, that India was fo named by Foreigners after the 
 River Indus, is by no Means repugnant to Probability : In the 
 Shanfcrit however. Hi ndoflan is conftantly denominated Bhertekhunt, 
 or Jumboodeep (as it is hereafter called in the prefent Work, from 
 Jumboo, or Jumbook, a Jackalt, an Animal remarkably abundant 
 in this Country, and Deep, any large Portion of Land furrounded 
 by the Sea.) Khunt fignifies a Continent, or wide Tra(ft of Land, and 
 Bherrut is the Name of one of the firfl Indian Rajahs, whofe Name 
 was adopted for that of the Kingdom : Hindoo therefore is not the 
 Term by which the Inhabitants originally ftiled themfelves, but, ac- 
 cording to the Idiom of their Language, Jumboodeepee, or 
 Bhertckhuntee ; and it is only lince the /Ers. of the Tartar Govern- 
 ment that they have afl'umed the Name of Hindoos, to diftinguifh 
 themfelves from their Conquerors, the MufTulmen. The Word Gen- 
 too has been, and is flill, equally miftaken to lignify, in the proper 
 Senfe of the Term, the ProfeiTors of the Braminical Religion, 
 whereas Gent, or Gentoo, means Animal in general, and in its more 
 confined Senfe, Mankind; but Is never, in the Shanfcrit Dialed:, 
 nor even in the modern Jargon of Bengal, appropriated particularly 
 to fuch as follow the Dodrines of Brihma. The four great Tribes 
 3 have
 
 ( xxiii y 
 
 have each their own feparate Appellation ; but they have no com- 
 mon or colledlive Term that comprehends the whole Nation under 
 the Idea affixed by Europeans to the V/ord Gentoo. Poilibly the 
 Portuguefe on their firfl Arrival in India, hearing the Word fre- 
 quently in the Mouths of the Natives as applied to Mankind in 
 general, might adopt it for the domeftic Appellation of the Indians 
 themfelves ; perhaps alfo their Bigotry might force from the Word 
 Gentoo a fanciful AlluHon to Gentile, a Pagan.. 
 
 The Shanfcrit Language is very copious and nervous, but tijje 
 Style of the bell Authors wonderfully concife. It far exceeds the 
 Greek and Arabick in the P^egularity of its Etymology, and like 
 them has a prodigious Number of Derivatives from each primary 
 Root. The grammatical Rules alfo are numerous and difficult,. 
 though there are not many Anomalies. As one Inftance of the 
 Truth of this AfTertion, it may be obferved,. that there are {even. 
 Declenfions of Nouns, all ufed in the fingular, the dual, and the 
 plural Number, and all of them differently formed, according as 
 they terminate with a Confonant, with a long or a fhort Vowel ; 
 jind again different alfo as they are of different Genders : Not 
 a Nominative Cafe can be formed to any one of thefe Nouns, with- 
 out the Application of at leafl four Rules, which differ likewife with, 
 each particular Difference of the Nouns as above ftated : Add to 
 this, that every Word in the Language may be ufed through all 
 the feven Declenfions, and there needs no farther Proof of the 
 Difficulty of the Idiom. 
 
 THa,.
 
 ( xxiv ) 
 
 '^TiiE Slianfcrit Grammars are called Beeakerun, of which there 
 c)re many compofed by different Authors; fome too abftrufe even 
 for the Comprehcnfion of mofl Bramins, and others too prolix to 
 be ever ufed but as References. One of the Hiorteft, named the 
 Sarafootee, contains between two and three hundred Pages, and 
 was compiled by Anoobhootee Seroopenam Acharige, with a Con- 
 cifencfs that can fcarcely be parallelled in any other Language. 
 
 The Shanfcrit Alphabet contains fifty Letters^ and it is one 
 Boaft of the Bramins that it exceeds all other Alphabets in this 
 Refpedl : But when w^e confider that of their thirty-four Confo- 
 nants near Half carry combined Sounds, and that fix of their Vow- 
 els are merely the correfpondent long Ones to as many which are 
 iiiOrt, the Advantage feems to be little more than fanciful. 
 
 The Shanfcrit Charadler, ufed in Upper Hindofhan, is faid to 
 be the fame original Letter that was firft delivered to the People by 
 Brihma, and is now called Diewnagur, or the Language of 
 Angels ; whereas the Charadler ufed by the Bramins of Bengal is 
 by no Means fo ancient, and though fomewhat different is evi- 
 dently a Corruption of the former, as will better appear upon 
 ■Comparifon, for which Reafon the Alphabets of both are here in- 
 ferted. -f- 
 
 t See Plates No. i, and No. 2. 
 
 To
 
 \Ti) W y T ** Flak," J 'lrn//.y/i//(>r'j- ///r///rY M^r XXiV \ 
 .SHAXSCRIT AIl'llAISKT. » 'J' tvf. J. :, . /,//.' j 
 
 ^ ^ ^ 
 
 ^^i^. ^/.-.^^.^ "^'^ ^'^ ^"^ "^i: ^' 
 
 ^y/i 
 
 c o ^^ s o X A:^r t .s . 
 
 
 ^./^e ^J^^- ^./ ^^^^ ^}^^^< 
 
 
 ^^// ^^/.x l^^^^ ^^7 ^/.^^ ^ 
 
 ^A^i^^ ^./a ^^^'~ ^^H/c^^ ^//.^/^/ ^V''^
 
 BEXGAI. ALPHABET . ^O^^KLS. Plate 11. rw.....^.^./.,.XV/i-. 
 
 y^x ^/.^ c^..; ^r ^T ^.^^ vg^.,y \3J5 
 
 /A 
 
 
 
 s^/j ^/,./,. ^/^y -o^/i. 5iw "HV <'// •']|/'' 3r«' 
 
 5T.'/<-- ^v^-- - ^,.-; ^z--- 25. 
 
 /x//l/(' 
 
 
 ^/^^ ^i,r j^^« ^ 
 
 ^Lu (^/u ^If ^U "^W^J/-/' 
 
 .Oth'
 
 ( XXV ) 
 
 To rank ree and lee among the Vowels may perhaps be cenfiircd" 
 as unnatural ; we can only fay, that being- Liquids, they partake 
 in fome fmall Meafure of the Vov/el, and that to an European Ear 
 it feems equally extraordinary to fmd the Pcrfian and Arabic ^ ain ta 
 be a Confonant. It will alfo be obferved in the preceding A Ipha-^ 
 bets, that the Vowels have different Forms v/hen combined with 
 Confonants from thofe they bear when unconnecfted. 
 
 In the Fo-ur Beids f the original and facred Text of the 2:reat Hin- 
 doo Creator and Legillator Brihma) the Length of the Vowels is 
 determined and pointed out by a muffcal Note or Sign, called Mil- 
 trang ( implying one whole Tone ) which is placed over every 
 Word; and in reading the Beids thefe Diffin(ftions of Tone and 
 Time muft be nicely obferved; the Account of this Modulation as 
 given in theShanfcrit Grammar, called Sarafootee, is here tranllated. 
 
 ** The Vov/els arc of three Sorts, fl:iort, long, and continued (cr 
 to ufe a more mufical Term, holding.) *' The Chain (a fmall Bird 
 *' peculiar to Hindoflan) utters one Matrang, the Crow two Ma- 
 *' trangs, and the Peacock three Matrangs ; the Moufe Half a Ma- 
 *' trang. One Matrang is the fhort Vowel, two Matrangs the long 
 ** Vowel, and three Matrangs the continued : A Confonant with- 
 ** out a Vowel has the Half Matrano:* Thefe Vowels are ao-ain to be 
 ** diftinguiflied by a high Note for the one Matrang, a low Note for 
 *' the two Matrangs, and an Intermediate or Tenor fcr the three 
 " Matrangs, either with Nafals or Gutturals, ee, el, 5, ou, are Dip- 
 
 G ** thongs>
 
 ( xxvi ) 
 
 '* thong,s, and cannot" be fliort ; but thefe four, together with the 
 *"' other five, e, ee, 66, ree, lee, are to be taken as Vowels." 
 
 It has been mentioned that thefe Diftindions are all marked in 
 the Beids, and mufl be modulated accordingly, fo that they pro- 
 duce all the Effed: of a laboured Recitative ; but by an Attention 
 to the Mufic of the Chant, the Senfe of the Paffage recited equally 
 efcapes the Reader and the Audience. It is remarkable, that the 
 Jews in their Synagogues chant the Pentateuch in the fame Kind 
 of Melody, and it is fuppofed that this Ufage has defcended to 
 them from the remoteft Ages. 
 
 To give fome faint Idea of thefe arbitrary Notes, a Line is here 
 inferted with the feveral Matrangs. -f- 
 
 eie moondee Kreele bederoo bederoo bederoo. 
 
 The lafh Syllable of the Word bcderSo with three Matrangs is 
 held for near a Minute, gradually finking, and then fwelling out 
 with a fLcfii Riiiforza to mark each Matrang. 
 
 The Shanfcrit Poetry comprehends a very great Variety of dif- 
 ferent Metres, of v/hich the moll: common are thefe : 
 
 The Munnee hurrench Chhund, or Line of twelve or nineteen 
 Syllables, uhich is fcanned by three Syllables in a Foot, and the 
 moil approved Foot is the Anapa^lL 
 
 TjiE Cabee Chhund,,or Line of eleven Svilables. 
 
 ■\ Sec Plate No 3. Line i. 
 
 The
 
 Hate MTranr^zA^rj- //r^Sa-y/a/^ XXVJ 
 
 ASHJ. O GUEi. 
 PAGE .xxvin 
 
 
 -^. 
 
 ;5 
 
 V* 
 
 ASHI^ O GUE 
 
 TAGEXOX
 
 ( xxvii ) 
 The Anufhtofe Chhund, or Line of eight Syllables. 
 
 The Poems are generally compofed in Stanzas of four Lines, 
 called Aflilogues, which are regular or irregular. 
 
 The moft common Aflilogue is that of the Anuilitofe Chhund, 
 or regular Stanza of eight Syllables in each Line. In this Mea- 
 fure greatefl Part of the Mahabaret is compofed. The Rhyme in this 
 Kind of Stanza fhould be alternate ; but the Poets do not fecm to 
 be very nice in the Obfervance of a ftridt Correfpondence in the 
 Sounds of the terminating Syllables, provided the Feet of the 
 Verie are accurately kept. 
 
 This fliort Anuflitofe Afhlogue Is generally written by two 
 Verfes in one Line, with a Paufe between, fo that the whole then 
 alTumes the Form of a long Diftich. 
 
 The irreo-ular Stanza is conflantlv called Aryachhund, of what- 
 ever Kind of Irregularity it may happen to coniifl. It is moll: com- 
 monly compounded of the long Line Cabee Chhund, and the fliort 
 Anuihtofe Chhund alternately ^ in which Form it bears fome Refem- 
 blance to the mofl common Lyrick Meafure of the Ejiglilh. . 
 
 It will in this Place be pardonable to quote a few Stanzas of 
 
 iihanfcrit Poetry, as Examples of the ihort Account here given of its 
 
 3 Frofody.
 
 ( xxviii ) 
 
 Profody. The Specimens give us no defpicable Idea of the old- 
 Hindoo Bards. The Images are in general lively andpleafing, the 
 Diction elegant and concife, and the Metre not inharmonious. 
 
 An AJ}:logue AnuJIjtofe Chhtmdy or regular ^ of eight Sylla^- 
 
 hies m each Line,'^ 
 
 Peeta che reenewan flietrooh 
 Mata flietroo rell:ieeleenee 
 Bharya roopewetee fhetr5oh 
 Pootreh flietroo repundeeteh. . 
 
 A Father m Debt is an Enemy (to his Son.) 
 A Mother of fcandalous Behaviour is an Enemy (to her Son.) 
 A Wife of a beautiful Figure is an Enemy (to her Hufband.) 
 A Son of no Learning is an Enemy (to his Parents.) 
 
 These Verfes are regular dimeter lambicks. 
 
 An AJJologue Munnee hurreneh Chhund^ or of nineteen Syllables., 
 
 
 Ootkhatum needhee fliungkeya khyeetee telum dhonata geereer 
 
 dhatewo 
 
 eelteerne Isereetam peteer nreepeteyor yetaene lungtolheetah 
 Muntr' aradhene tetperaene menefa neeta fhmeflianae neelhah 
 Prapta kapee werateeka ncche meya treeflinae fekama bhewe. 
 
 » See Plate No. 3, % Ibid. 
 
 From
 
 ( xxix ) 
 
 From the infatlable Defire of Riches, I have digged beneath the 
 Earth ; I have fought by Chymiflry to tranfmute the Metals of 
 the Mountains. 
 
 I have traverfed the Queen of the Oceans ; I have toiled inceffant 
 for the Gratification of Monarchs. 
 
 I have renounced the World, to give up my whole Heart to the Stu- 
 dy of Incantations ; I have paifed whole Nights on the Places 
 where the Dead are burnt. 
 
 I have not gained one Cowry, — Begone, O Avarice, thy Bufmefs 
 is over. 
 
 A/: AJl:>logue Munnee hurreneh Chhu7id^ or oft'ucelve Syllables . * 
 
 Sheiheena che neefha neefheyache flielliee 
 Shefheena neeflieya cheweebhatee nebheh 
 Peyefa kemelum kemelaene peyeh 
 eyeia kemelaene weebnatee leren. . , 
 
 The Niirht is for the Moon, and the Moon is for the Ni^ht : 
 When the iMoon and the Night are together, it is the Glory 
 
 of the Heavens. 
 The Lotus, or Water-Lilly, is for the Stream, and the Stream is 
 
 for the Water-Lilly : 
 
 Vv'hen the Stream and the Water-Lilly meet, it is the Glory of the 
 
 Canal. 
 
   See Plate No. 3. 
 
 H This
 
 ( XXX ) 
 
 This Species of Compofitloii is called Koondelee Clihund, from 
 KoondclGe, a Circle, and anfwers nearly to the Word Rondeau,. 
 which Sort of Verle it exadUy imitates. 
 
 Almost every Foot in this beautiful Stanza is a pure Anapaeft. 
 
 Three Afologues Aryachhioid^ o?^ irregular^ from a Collec^ 
 
 tmi of PoeiJis. * 
 
 I. 
 
 Swejeno neyatee wlrum 
 ereneete booddneer weenalhe kalaepee 
 
 Chhaedaepee chundene teroo 
 oorebheyetee mooknum koot, harelye. 
 
 A good Man goes not upon Enmity, 
 
 But is well inclined towards another, even while he is ill-treated 
 
 by him : 
 So, even while the Sandal-Tree is felling. 
 It imparts to the Edge of the Axe its aromatic Flavour. 
 
 2. 
 
 Yedyepee ne bhewetee hanee 
 Perekeeyam cheretee rafebhee drakhyam 
 Efemunjefe meetee metwa 
 Tethapee kheloo khadyetae chendreh. 
 
 * See Plate No. 4. 
 
 So
 
 TirR>:K AS \\U O G U F. s . / / 

 
 « 
 
 ( xxxi ) 
 
 So long as there is no Danger, 
 
 The Afs will eat a Stranger's Vine ; 
 
 So, not confcious of receiving any Hurt, 
 
 The Dragon * ftill attempts to devour the Moon. 
 
 Alluding to the Gentoos Idets of an Ecllpfe. 
 
 %* This Stanza has been (quoted in a former Publication as a 
 Specimen of the Reig Beid. 
 
 3- 
 SejjenuTye hreedeyum neweneetum 
 Yedweduntee weeboodha ftedeleekum 
 bnyedaehe weelelet pereetapat 
 Sejjeno drewetee no neweneetum. 
 
 The good Man's Heart is like Butter, 
 
 The Poets fay, but herein they are miftaken : 
 
 Upon beholding anothers Life expofed to Calamities, 
 
 The good Man jnelts -, — J but it is not fo with Butter. 
 
 X Thatis, the Simile is not juft, becaufe it does not exprefs the Powers of Sympathy^ 
 which are the charaderiftic Part of the good Man's Difpolition. 
 
 The Four Beids are not in Verfe, as has been hitherto erroneouOy 
 imagined, but in a Kind of meafured Profe, called Pungtee 
 Chhund : The Tranflator is therefore obliged to obferve, that an 
 Author of much Merit has, by wrong Information, been induced 
 
 to
 
 ( xxxii ) 
 
 to offer four Stanzas as Specimens of the feveral Beids, which 
 have not the leaft Affinity or Similitude to thofc Books : His firft 
 Stanza is very faulty, and without an Interpretation : But, as a Proof 
 that it cannot belong to the Beids, it has already been quoted in 
 the Specimen of the Aflil.ogue Aryachhund, together with the Stan- 
 zas immediately preceding and following, which are taken from a 
 V/crk called Kayaprekafh (or a CoUedlion of Poems) faid to 
 have been compofed by one Kiyat, in the third Age of the World. 
 
 From the many obfolete Terms ufed in the Beids, from the 
 Concifenefs and Obfcurity of their Dialed!:, and from the Particu- 
 larity of the Modulation in which they muft be recited, they are 
 now hardly intelligible : Very ftw of the moil learned Pundits, and 
 thofe only who have employed many Years of painful Study upon 
 this one Tafk, pretend to have the fmalleft Knowledge of the Ori- 
 ginals, which are now alfo become extremely fcarce and difiicult 
 to be found; but Comments have been written on them from fhe 
 earlieft Periods ; v/hereof one of the moft ancient and moil ortho- 
 dox was compofed by Bileflit Mahamoonee, or the mofl: Wife, a 
 great Writer and Prophet, who is faid to have lived in the Suttee 
 Joguc, or iiril: Age of the World, and from whom Beafs, the cele- 
 brated Author of the heroic Poem Mahabaret, boafted his Defcent. 
 
 The Style of this Writer is clear, but very concife; a Specimen 
 of it is here offered, in hi^ Explanation of the firft Chapter of the 
 Reig Beid, which contains a Dcfcription of the Wifdom and Powers 
 of the Almighty. 
 
 3 Bi/e/bt
 
 CHAPTEK OF B I SE SHT MAHAM O K E E .. 
 
 C^t 
 
 'OtllU -^
 
 CIL\FTER OF BISESHT CO:j^TI2^UETI . 
 
 ihTjin. A-
 
 ( xxxiii ) 
 
 Bifefht MahZnioo72ce upon the Reig Beici, * 
 
 bnree Cjenaeinaye nemeli! lemelte weelheyc walena veeneermook- 
 ten le reremehumie. Kaewclum necrweeinae Ine Drehmc crxingtciie 
 matraewe tee/litetee fe Percmehumfeh. Yetre kootre cheetteeih- 
 tetee, tetr', adoCi Reegbaedufye Pregyaneilicbdafye vyakhyanuni 
 kreeyetae. aekemaew* ildwceteeyum Brehmaetee feeddhfingteh: 
 Pregyanum fwcteilichitenyum tedwcefliaeihah cnacke prckarah -, 
 tenmedhyae yet, hawlbbooddhy' anoofaraene vyakhyanumkreeyetae. 
 Prekrellituni ootkrefhtum gyanumPregyanum: oopadhee reheetuni 
 fwetelhchitenyum. Kale treye reheetum ; eweft, ha treye reheetum ; 
 prepunche veenecrmooktiim fvvetuntruin gyanum tet pregyanurn 
 name dhaeyuniBrehme bhewetee. Yeggyanaene too mayachitenyum 
 bhewetee, yegg yanaene chetuSrvIng ilietee tetwuni chlteryum bhe- 
 wetee, keemeewe , looryes chekhyoo reewe, egnee patre meewe, 
 cnoom beke lone meewe, lootrednare cneetre meewe, kalht agnce 
 reewe, pooroolhe chnayaewe wate raenoo reewe, anenoorddhere bane 
 eewe, breekye chnayaewe ; emoona prekaraene cnitenyum lemeite 
 jeget prepunch' otpadekum kerotee, gyanefliektee, eechhafhektee, 
 kreeyafliektee, chitenyum jegetakarum bhewetee : ete aewe neer- 
 getangteh kerenaene flirotre ddharaene fliebde grehenum kerotee, 
 neergetangten kerenaene twecna dwaraene Ipcniie grenenum kero- 
 tee, neergetangteh kerenaene chekhyoo dwaraene roope grehtnum 
 kerotee, neergetangteh kerenaene jeehwa dwaraene refe grehenum 
 kerdtee^ neergetangteh kerenaene nafeeka dwr.raene gungdhS 
 
 • See Plates No. 5 and No. 6. 
 
 I grehenum
 
 ( xxxlv ) 
 
 grchenum kcrotce ; etc aewe punche kermingdreeye praerekeh, 
 punclie gyaniiidreeye praerekeh, puuche mehabh5ote praerekeh, 
 punche tenmatranee praerekeh, goone treye praerekeh eetyadee 
 femefte prepunch' otpetteeh preleyatmekum kerotee, jegetfa- 
 khyeetwaene peiliyetee. Tet pregyanum name Brehme dhyaeyum 
 bhewetee, tefmat pFegyane fhebdaene ted Brehme weefhaefhaene 
 ferwaefliereh ket, hyetae; tebre f55tredhar' eefhereh maya weedhya 
 nctee nreetyum kerotee ke-eewe nete-eewe, eetee reegwaeduiye 
 pregyane fhebdeneerneyeh. 
 
 Co77ime72tary of Bifejlot Maloamoonee upon the i ft Chapter of 
 
 the Reig Beid, 
 
 J. /^ LORY be to Goneifh ! That which is exempt from all De- 
 ^^ fires of the Senfes, the fame is the mighty Lord. He is fin- 
 gle, and than him there is Nothing greater. Brehm (the Spirit of 
 God) is abforbed in Self- Contemplation : The fame is the mighty 
 Lord, who is prefent in every Part of Space, whofe Omnifcience, 
 as expreiled in the Reig Beid, I iliall now explain. — Brehm is one, 
 and to him there is no Second -, fuch is truly Brehm. His Omni- 
 fcience is felf-infpired (or felf-intelligent) and its Comprehenfion 
 includes every pofTible Species. — To illuflrate this as far as I am 
 able. — The moft compreheniivc of all comprehenfive Faculties is 
 
 f An Invocation never omitted by a pious Gentoo upon the Commencement of 
 any Bufinefs whatfocver. 
 
 Omni-
 
 ( XXXV ) 
 
 Omnifciencc ; and being felf-infpired, it is fubje6t to no * Acci- 
 dent of Mortality or PafTion ; of Vice -f- ; to it the J three Diftinc- 
 tions of Time are not ; to it the three § Modes of Being are not ; 
 it is fcparated from the Univerfe, and independent of all. This 
 Omnifcience is named Brehm. By this Omnifcient Spirit, the 
 Operations of God are enlivened ; by this Spirit alfo, the || twenty- 
 four Powers of Nature are animated. How is this ? As the Eye by 
 the Sun, as the Pot by the Fire, as Iron by the Magnet, as Variety 
 of Imitations by the Mimic, as Fire by the Fuel, as the Shadow by 
 the Man, as Dufh by the \7ind, as the Arrow by the Spring of the 
 Bow, and as the Shade by the Tree ; fo by this Spirit the World 
 
 * Of which they reckon five, Conception, Birth, Growth, Decay and Deat)- 
 
 f In Number fix, called Opadhee, viz. Luft, Anger, Avarice, Folly, Drunken- 
 nefs and Pride. 
 
 J The paft, prefent and future. 
 
 § To be awake, to fleep and to be abforbed in a State of Unconfcioufnefs — a Kind 
 of Trance. 
 
 II Viz. The five Elements (for the Hindoos add to the four a fubtile ^ther, which 
 they call Aka(h, and fuppofe to be the Medium of Sound) 
 The five Members of A6tion, Hand, Foot, Tongue, Anus and Yard, 
 The five Members of Perception, Ear, Eye, Nofe, Mouth and Skin. 
 The five Senfes. 
 
 The three Difpofitions of the Mind, Defirc, Pallion and Tranquilh'ty. 
 Confcioufnefs, or Self-Perception. 
 
 r)
 
 ( xxxvi ) 
 
 is endued with the Powers of Intelle(5t, the Powers of the Wil!-;, 
 and the Powers of Action -, fo that, if it emanates from the Heart 
 by the Channel of the Ear, it caufes the Perception of Sounds ; if 
 it emanates from the Heart b)' the Channel of the Skin, it caufes 
 the Perception of the Touch ; if it emanates from the Heart by the 
 Channel of the Eye, it caufes the Perception of vifible Objedts^ if 
 it emanates from the Heart by the Channel of the Tongue, it caufes 
 tlie Perception of Talle; if it emanates from the Heart by the 
 Channel of the Nofe, it caufes the Perception of Smell. This alfo 
 invigorating the five Members of Action, and invigorating the five 
 Members of Perception, and invigorating the five Elements, and 
 invigorating the five Senfes, and invigorating the three Difpofitions 
 of the Mind, &c. caufes the Creation or the Annihilation of the 
 Univerfe ^ while itfelf beholds every Thing as an indifferent Spec- 
 tator. Wherefore that Omnifcience thus centered in Brehm is cal- 
 led Serwaeflier (or the Lord of all ;) and this Lord, as a Player 
 doth, is perpetually fl^.ifting his Modes of Operation, by a Variety 
 of Gradations, as the Dancer fliifts his Steps. — Thus far the Doc- 
 trine of the Reig Beid. 
 
 The Tranflator is confcious, that this fliort Account of the Shan- 
 fcrit is very defedlive and infufficient ; but he muft plead in his owa 
 Defence, that very lately only, and that altogether by Accident, he 
 was enabled to procure even this flender Information ; that the 
 Pundits who compiled the Code were to a Man refolute in rejed- 
 ing all his Solicitations for Liflrudion in this Dialed, and that the 
 3 Perfuafion
 
 ( xxxvil ) 
 
 Perfuafion and Influence of the Governor-General were in vain 
 exerted to the fame Purpofe, Hov/ever, fince the Completion of 
 his former Tail-i, he lias been happy enough to become acquainted 
 with a Bramin of more liberal Sentiments, and of a more com- 
 municative Difpolition, joined to an extenfivc Knowledge acquired 
 both by Study and Travel : He eagerly embraced the Opportunity 
 of profiting by the Help of fo able a Mailer, and means to exert all 
 his Diligence upon fo curious and uncommon a Subjedt. 
 
 The Hindoos as \vell as the Chinefe have ever laid claim to an 
 Antiquity infinitely more remote than is authorized by the Belief of 
 the reft of Mankind. It is certain however, that tliefe two Na- 
 tions have been acquainted with Letters from the very earliefl Pe- 
 riod, and that their Annals have never been difturbed or dellroyed 
 by any known Revolution ; and though we may come to the Perulal 
 of their Records, armed with every Argument, and fortified even 
 to Prejudice againll: the Admiilion of their Prctenfions, at the fame 
 Time placing the moll implicit Reliance upon the Mofaic Chrcmo- 
 logy as generally received, yet their plaufible Accounts of thofe re- 
 mote Ao;es, and their undeviating Confidence in their own Alferti- 
 ons, never can fail to make fome Imprcflion upon us, in propor- 
 tion as we gain a clearer Iniight to them. Sufpicions of a like Na- 
 ture are not totally without Foundation even in the Weilern World ; 
 and the confcientious Scruples of the Plillioriographer of Mount 
 i'Etna (as mentioned in a late * Publication) v/ill always be of fome 
 Weight in the Scale of Philofophy. 
 
 * Brydone'b Letters. 
 
 K The
 
 ( xxxviii ) 
 
 The Plindoos then reckon the Duration of the World by four 
 Jogues, or diftind Ages, 
 
 1. The Suttee Jogue (or Age of Purity) is faid to have lafted 
 3,200,000 Years; and they hold that the Life of Man was in 
 that Age extended to 100,000 Years, and that his Stature was 
 21 Cubits. 
 
 2. The Tirtah Jogue (or Age in which one third of Mankind 
 were reprobate) they fuppofe to have confifted of 2,400,000 Years, 
 and that Men then lived to the Age of 10,000 Years. 
 
 3. The Dwapaar Jogue (in which Half of the human Race became 
 depraved) endured 1,600,000 Years, and Mens Lives were reduced 
 to 1000 Years. 
 
 4. The Collee Jogue (in which all Mankind are corrupted, or 
 rather lelTened, for that is the true Meaning of Collee) is the pre- 
 fent JErsLf which they fuppofe ordained to fubfiil for 400,000 
 Years, of which near 5000 are already paft, and Man's Life in 
 this Period is limited to 100 Years. 
 
 Computation is lofl, and Conjcdure overwhelmed in the At- 
 tempt to adjufl: fuch afloniililng Spaces of Time to our own 
 confined Notions of the World's Epoch : To fuch Antiquity the 
 3 Mofiiic
 
 ( xxxix ) 
 
 Mofaic Creation is but as Yeftcrday ; and to fuch Ages the Life cf 
 Methufelah is no more than a Span ! — AbRird as this Gtntoo Dodrinc 
 may feem, mere human Rcafon, upon Confideration of the prcfent 
 contracted Meafure of Mortality, can no more reconcile to itfclf the 
 Idea of Patriarchal than of Braminical Longevity ; and when the Line 
 of implicit Faith is once extended, we can never afcertain the pre- 
 cife Limits beyond which it muft not pafs. One Circumflance mull 
 not be omitted, that the Ages allotted to Mankind in the fcveral 
 Jogues by the Bramins tally very exactly with thofe mentioned by 
 Mofcs, as far as the Chronology of the latter reaches. For the laft 
 Part of the Dvvapaai" Jogue, in which Men are faid to have attained 
 to One Thoufand Years cf Life, correfponds with the Mofaic ^ra 
 of the Antediluvians : And in the Commencement of the Collee 
 Jogue, which comes very near to the Period of the Deluge, the Por- 
 tion of human Exigence was contradled to One Hundred Years, and 
 is fcldom fuppofed even to go fo far. 
 
 We are not much advanced in our Inquiries, by allowing with 
 fome excellent Authors, tiiat moft of the Gentoo Shailers (or Scrip] 
 tures) were compofed about the Beginning of the Collee Jogue ; for 
 then we at once come to the immediate JEr^. of the Flood, which 
 Calamity is never once mentioned in thofe Shafiers, and which yet 
 we mufl think infinitely too remarkable to have been even but 
 flightly fpoken of, much lefs to have been totally omitted, had it 
 even been known in that Part of the World. The Bramins indeed 
 remove this Objedion by tv/o Ailertions ; One, that all their Scrip- 
 tures
 
 ( xl ) 
 
 turcs were written before the Time by us allotted to Noah;" the 
 Other, that the Deluge really never took place in Kindoftan. 
 
 But to wave thefe vague and indefinite Dlfquifitions, it will not 
 here be fuperiiuous to quote a PaiTage or two from fome of the mod 
 claiTical and authentic ShaAers, which exprefsly determine and fix 
 the Dates of their refpedtive ^ras to the eariiefl Jogues. 
 
 The firfl Specimen here inferted is from the Book of Munnoo, 
 which the Reader will obferve fi:ands foremofl in the Lift of thofe 
 which furnifhed the fubfequent Code ; and though the fecond Quo- 
 tation is not Co authoritative, as being the Proda6tion of a later Au- 
 thor (whofe Name we do not recolledt) in Teftimony of the Date 
 cf another, }et Jage-Bulk is mentioned among the firft Legiflatorf, 
 and his Books are valued for their Ant'-quity as well as their JExcel- 
 lence. 
 
 yf72 Afblogue Mimnee hurreneh Chhund^ or of Nineteen 
 
 Syllables^ from Munnoo. -f 
 
 Ebdanam defhekum feheire defhekum yatum che fetyae yoogae 
 Bhadrae mafee kreetameyahee menoona brehma gyeya poorneemae 
 Shaftrum neetee weechare dherme jenekum gyanepredum ferweda 
 Ehoorlokae heetekamgeya menoopreja nama fmreeteer deepeeka. 
 
 f See Plate No, 7. 
 
 When
 
 Hate VM'n2Hi/a/cr's ur^/a/:^ /hwc XL . 
 
 A 5 H Ju O G U K S . 
 
 
 (Diuurf « ^'
 
 ( ^'li ) 
 
 V/hen ten thoufand and ten Years of the Suttee Jogue were paf>, 
 on the Night of the Full Moon, in the Month BhaJun, I Munnoo, 
 at tlie Command of Brehma, finiflied this Shafter, that fpeaks of 
 Mens Duty, of Juftice, and of Religion, ever innru^Stive. 
 
 This Treatlfe, called Munnoo Smiflee, will enlighten the World 
 
 like a Torch. 
 
 Two AjJjlogues Anujldtofe Chhimd^ or of eight Syllables^ upon 
 
 y age- Bulk, -f 
 
 raetayam yagyewelkaene 
 bhrawenae malee inooklae cnee 
 Yagyevvelky' abheedum fliallrum 
 Rajeneetee preedum chlwe. 
 
 Vyetee tae newe punchekae 
 unchcmvam boodhewalerae 
 Dherme neetee prekalLekum 
 Neranam heetekamyeya. 
 
 In the Tirtah Jogue, the Author Jage-Bulk, when ninety-iive Years 
 were paft, in the Month of Sawun, on the Moon's Increafe, on the 
 Wednefday (or literally on the Day of ^Mercury) finiflied theTreatife, 
 
 f See Plate No. 7. 
 
 * It is very remarkable, that the Days of the Week are named in the Shanfcrit Lan- 
 guage from the fame Planets to which they were affigncd by the Greeks and Romans, 
 
 Audeetye War ? e r t>- Audeetye 7 , ^ 
 
 _^_ \._ >SohsDies. -D-i— >thebun. 
 
 Rebee War \ Rebee j 
 
 Some War Lunse Dies. Some the Moon. 
 
 Muni^el War Alartis Dies. Mungele Mars. 
 
 Boodhe War Mercurii Dies. Boodhe Mercury. 
 
 Breehefpet War Jovis Dies. Breehefpet Jupiter. 
 
 Shookre War Veneris Dies. Shookre V\:nus. 
 
 Shenifcher War Batumi Dies. Shenifcher Saturn. 
 
 L called
 
 ( xlii ) 
 
 called Jage-Bulk, which fets forth the Offices of Religion, and alfo 
 informs Men of the Duties of the Magiflrate. 
 
 What Periods fl^iall we poffiblyaffign to thefe Writers, if we dif- 
 allow the Authorities here quoted ? If they are falTe, there mufl have 
 been a Time when the [mpofition would have been too palpable to 
 have paficd upon Mankind, and when the concurrent Teftimony of 
 the whole World would have rlfen up in Judgment againfl it ; for if 
 we grant Munnoo's Works to have been publiilied during his own 
 Life-Time, it is impoHlble that he (hould have ventured to utter fo 
 monflrous a Forgery ; and if they were concealed till after his Death, 
 could the Memory of his late Exiflence be fo fhortly obliterated 
 through the whole Country ? — But fuppofing fo much of the Book as 
 relates to the Date to have been folded in by another, and after- 
 v*ards produced as a Part of the original Text, which till that Time 
 had lain undifcovered. Nobody furely would have believed him in 
 Oppofition to the univerfal Faith ! for fo miraculous a Fidion could 
 never gain Credit but upon the Support of fome Principle of religious 
 Opinion, and every Religion has eftabliOied a Chronology of its own : 
 Befides, can it be poffible, that none of Munnoo's Cotemporarics, 
 none of the fucceeding Writers fiiould have recorded fo flriking a 
 Circumflance ? for if the whole Indian World had till that Time be- 
 lieved with us in a Chronology nearly anfwering to that of Mofes, fo 
 aftonifliing a Change in their Sentiments upon the Introdudlion of 
 the Doctrine of the Jogues would have furnidied ample Matter for 
 a thoufand Volumes ; but on the contrary, all the Parts of every 
 3 Shafler
 
 ( xliii ) 
 
 Shafler (however different from each other on religious Subjects) are 
 yet uniform and confident throughout upon this; the fame Mode of 
 computing their Annals has always obtained, and the fame Belief of 
 the Remotenefs of Antiquity that now prevails may be proved to 
 have been univerfally acknowledged, even at the Time in which fome 
 pretend to fix the firft Appearance of Letters in Hindoftan. 
 
 Rajah Prichutt, who thoughranked as a modern on the Records 
 of India, is yet known to have lived in the earlief!: Ap-es of the CoUee 
 Jogue, was no lefs anxious than modern Philofophers are to pierce 
 through the Obfcurity of Time, and to trace the Progrefs of the 
 World from its Infancy ; at his Infligation -a Work was compofed by 
 ShukehDiew, a learned Bramin (Son of Beiifs, the famous Author of 
 the Mahabaret) containing the Hiflory of India through the three pie- 
 ceding Jogues, with the Succeffion of the leveral Rnjahs, and the 
 Duration of their Reigns. This curious Hiflory, called Shree Bhag- 
 BUT, ftill fubiifls, divided into twelve Afcund or Books (literally 
 Branches) and three thoufand and twenty Chapters. What flv.dl 
 we fay to a Work compofed four thoufand Years ago, and from 
 thence tracing Mankind upwards through feveral millions of Years ? 
 Mud v>e anfwer, that the Earth was at that Time an uninhabited. 
 Marfh, fl:ill flowly emerging from an univerfal Inundation ? 
 
 Great furely and inexplicable mufl be the Doubts of mere hu- 
 man Reafon upon fuch a Dilemma when unafTifted and uninformed 
 by Divine Revelation \ but while we admit the former in our Argu- 
 ment^
 
 ( xllv ) 
 
 nicnt, we prcfefs a mofl: unihaken Reliance upon the latter, before 
 \\hich every Sufpicion muft fubiide, and Sceptlcifm be abforbed in 
 Convidion : Yet from the Premifes already ellabiiQied, this Concki- 
 iion at leaft may fairly be deduced, that the World does not now con- 
 tain Annali of more indifputable Antiquity than thofe delivered 
 down by the ancient Bramins. 
 
 Collateral Proofs of this Antiquity may be drawia from every 
 Page of the prefc^nt Code of Laws, in its wonderful Correfpondence 
 with many Parts of the Inftitutes of Mofes, one of the firft of known 
 Legillators ; from whom we cannot poffibly find Grounds to fuppofe 
 the Hindoos received the fmallell Article of their Religion or Jurif- 
 prudence, though it is not utterly impofiible, that the Do6lrines of 
 Hindoflan' might have been early tranfplanted into Egypt, and thus 
 have become familiar to Mofes. 
 
 The Gentoos have in all xAges believed in the Tranfmigration of 
 Souls, which they denominate Kayaprewaeih and Kayapelut : This 
 latter literally anfwers to the Word Metempfychofis. — An ancient 
 Shaflcr, called the Geeta, written by Adhae Doom, has a beautiful 
 Stanza upon this Syftem of the Tranfmigration, which he corn- 
 pares to a Change of Drefs, 
 
 An
 
 K S HI. O G U E . 
 
 
 ihif.ti)'!''
 
 ( xlv ) 
 
 An AJhlogiie Cabee Chhund^ or of eleven Syllables in each 
 
 Line, * 
 
 On the Tranfmigratio7Z of Souls. 
 
 Wafamfee jeernanee yet, ha vveehayc 
 Newanee grehnatee nero peranee, 
 Tet, ha lliereeranee weehaye jeernan 
 Enyanee fumyatee newanee daehee. 
 
 As throwing afide his old Habits, 
 A Man puts on others that are new. 
 So, our Lives quitting the Old, 
 Go to other newer Animals. 
 
 •f* An ingenious Author of our own has well explained their 
 Ideas upon the Subjedt of a future State, though he laments at the 
 fame Time, that his Materials were too imperfed: to afford com- 
 plete Information. 
 
 Their Creed then is, that thofe Souls which have attained to a 
 certain Degree of Purity, either by the Innocence of their Man- 
 ners, or the Severity of their Mortifications, are removed to Regions 
 of Happinefs, proportioned to their refpedive Merits : But that 
 thofe who cannot fo far furmount the Prevalence of bad Example, 
 
 • See Piiite No. 8. f Mr, Holwel!. 
 
 M and
 
 and the forcible Degeneracy of the Times, as to deferve fuch a Pro- 
 moticn, are condemned to undergo continual Puniflimcnt in the 
 Animation of fucceffive animal Forms, until at the ilated Period 
 anotjier Renovation of the four Jogues fliall commence upon the 
 Diiiblution of the prefent. 
 
 They fuppofe that there are fourteen Bhoobuns or Spheres, fe- 
 ven below and fix above the Earth -, the feven inferior Worlds are 
 faid to be altogether inhabited by an infinite Variety of Serpents, de- 
 fcribed in every monflrous Figure that the Imagination can fuggeft ; 
 hence the Reafon why fuch particular Mention is made of Serpents 
 in the Account of the Creation prefixed to this Code. The Earth 
 is called Bhoor, and Mankind who inhabit it Bhoor-logue ; an In- 
 ftance of which may be feen in the Stanza quoted from Munnoo : 
 The Spheres gradually afcending from thence are, 
 
 ill:. BoBUR, whofe Inhabitants are called the Bobur-loeue, 
 2d. The Swergeh-logue. 3d. The Mahurr-logue. 4th. The Jun- 
 neh-logue. 5th. The Tuppeli-logue. 6th. The Suttee-logue. 
 
 The Bobur is the immediate Vault of the vifible Heavens, in 
 which the Sun, Moon, and Stars are placed. The Swergeh is the 
 firil Paradife and general Receptacle for thofe who merit a Rem.oval 
 from the lower Earth. The Mahurr-logue are the Fakeers, and 
 fuch Perfons as by Dint of Prayer have acquired an extraordinary 
 Degree of Sandity. The Junneh-logue are alfo the Souls of pious 
 
 3 and
 
 ( xlvll ) 
 
 mid. moral Men ; and beyond this Sphere they are not fuppofed to 
 pafs without Ibme uncommon Merits and Qualihcations. The 
 Sphere of Tuppeh is the Reward of thofe who have all their Lives 
 performed fome wonderful AO: of Penance and Mortification, or who 
 have died Maityrs for their Religion. The Suttee or higheft Sphere 
 is the Refidence of Brihma and his particular Favourites, whence 
 they are alfo called Brihma-logue : This is the Place of Dellination 
 for thofe Men who have never uttered a Falfehood durine their 
 whole Lives, and for thofe Women who have voluntarily burned 
 themfelves with their Hufoands. How fhall we reconcile fo 
 fplendid and exalted a Benedid:ion pronounced upon this fponta- 
 neous Martyrdom, with the AiTertion of an Author, that the Cuf- 
 tom for the Wives to burn themfelves with their Kufbands Bodies 
 was never reckoned a religious Duty in India ? This Circumflance 
 will again prefent itfelf in the Remarks on the Chapter of Women. 
 
 But it is now Time to draw this ElTay towards a Concluiion, 
 by confining ourfelves to the more immediate Explanation of fuch 
 Parts of the Code as may not feem entirely confiftent with European 
 Opinions, or European Juftice. 
 
 The Work opens with a fliort Preliniinary Difcourfe, written by 
 the Bramins themfelves, as well to fet forth the Motives and Ufes 
 of the Compilation, as to gratify the honeft Vanity of every fenlible 
 Mind, in giving fome Account of itfelf and of its Labours. No- 
 thing can be mere remote from a fuperflitious Adherence to their 
 
 own
 
 ( xlviii ) 
 
 own domeftic Prejudices, or more truly elevated above the mean 
 and felfidi Principles of Prieftcraft, than the genuine Dignity of 
 Sentiment that breathes through this little Performance. Few 
 Chrilliaiis, with all the Advantages of enlightened Underflandings, 
 would have expreffed themfelves with a more becoming Reverence 
 for the grand and impartial Defigns of Providence in all its Works, 
 or with a more extenfive Charity towards all their fellow Creatures 
 of every ProfefTion. It is indeed an Article of Faith among the 
 Bramins, that God's all merciful Power would not have permitted 
 fuch a Number of different Religions, if he had not found a Plea- 
 fure in beholding their Varieties. 
 
 The firil Section of the Preface contains an Account of the. Cre- 
 ation, literally as the Gentoos believe it to have been performed : 
 The four great and original Tribes are there faid to have proceeded 
 from the four different Members of Brihma, the fuppofed immedi- 
 ate Agent of the Creation under the Spirit of the Almighty. The 
 Hindoos do not fuppofe that thefe feveral Parts of the Creator, af- 
 figned for their Produd:ion, are a fymbolical Token or Defcription 
 of the refpedive Duties of their Stations 3 but that the feveral Quali- 
 fications of each Cafl, and the enjoined Exercife of thofe Quali- 
 fications, are the natural and unavoidable Refult of the prefiding 
 Fundion in each of the Members of their firfl Parent. 
 
 The
 
 ( xlix ) 
 
 The Bramiii from the Mouth — (Wifdom) 
 to pray, to read, to iiifl:ru<ft. 
 
 The Chehteree from the Arms — (Stoength) 
 to draw the Bow, to fight, to govern. 
 
 The Bice from the Belly or Thighs — (Nourifliment) 
 to provide the Neceffaries of Life by Agriculture and Traffic. 
 
 The Sooder from the Feet— (Subjedion) 
 to labour, to fervc, to travel. 
 
 These four great Tribes comprehend the firfb grand Diviiions 
 of a well-regulated State. The Mechanic, or petty Dealer, as a 
 Branch of lefs Importance, and adminiftcring rather to the Luxu- 
 ries than to the Necefiities of Life, is furniilied from a fifth adven- 
 titiousTribe, called Bur RUN Sunker, which is again fubdivided into 
 almoft as many feparate Callis as there are Trades or Occupations to 
 be exercifed by its Members. The fime Principle of Government, 
 though under a different Modification, is faid to prevail in China, 
 where every Man is enjoined by Law to follow the Bufinefs of his 
 Father, and forbidden to thruil himfeJf into anv other Profeilion. 
 
 But while we commend the Policv of the ancient Hindoos, we 
 muft lament their mod deplorable Ignorance in fome of the pradical 
 
 N Sciences,
 
 ( 1 ) 
 
 Sciences, particularly Geography, to which they mufl give up all 
 Pretenfions after their extravagant Defcription of the (even Deeps, 
 which they fuppofe to be fo many Continents fcparated from each 
 other by an almoft infinite Ocean, but yet all belonging to the. 
 fame World which themfelves inhabit. 
 
 The other Diviiion of the Preface contains the requifite Quali- 
 fications for a Magiftrate and the Duties of his Station ; moil of 
 the Rules there laid down are very pertinent, and difplay an accu- 
 rate Knowledge of the human Heart. — But as the neceilary Limits 
 of an Eflay like this do not give Room or Opportunity for e- ge- 
 neral and diffufive Criticifm, it is here intended only to fpeak of 
 fuch particular Parts and Paflages of the Work as contain fome- 
 thing peculiar, local, or characfteriflic^ 
 
 Among the Qualities required for the proper Execution of pub- 
 lick Bufmefs, Mention is made, ** That a Man muft be able to keep 
 •* in Subjedion his Luft, his Anger, his Avarice, his Fo/fyy and 
 ** his Pride." Thefe Vices are fometimes denominated in the 
 Shanfcrit under the general Term Opadhee, a Word which occurs 
 in the quoted Specimen of the Comment upon the Reig Beid. The 
 Fo/fy there fpecified is not to be underftood in the ufual Senfe of 
 the Word in an European Idiom, as a negative Quality, or the 
 mere Want of Senfe, but as a Kind of obftinately flupid Lethargy,, 
 or perverfe Abfence of Mind, in which the Will is not altogether 
 paflive : It feems to be a Weaknefs peculiar to Afia, for we cannot 
 3 find
 
 ( i! ) 
 
 find a Term by which to exprefs the prechc Idea la the European 
 Languages ; it operates fomewhat like the violent Impulfe of Fear, 
 under which Men will utter Falfehoods totally incompatible with 
 each other, and utterly contrary to their own Opinion, Knowledge, 
 and Convidion ; and it may be added alio, their Inclination and 
 Intention. A very remarkable Inllance of this temporary Frenzy 
 happened lately in the Supreme Court of Judicature at Calcutta, 
 where a Man (not an Idiot) fwore upon a Trial, that he was no 
 Kind of Relation to his own Brother who was then in Court, and 
 who had conftantly fupported him from his Infancy ; and that he 
 lived- in a Houfc by himfelf, for which he paid the Rent from his 
 own Pocket, when it was proved that he was not worth a Rupee, 
 and when the Perfon in whofe Houfe he had always refided flood 
 at the Bar clofe to him. 
 
 Whenever the Word Folly included among the Vices above-- 
 mentioned occurs in this Code, it muft always be undcrftood to 
 carry the Meaning here defcribed. — Another Conjedure, and that 
 exceedingly acute and ingenious, has been flarted upon this Folly, 
 that it may mean the Deception which a Man permits to be im- 
 pofed on his Judgment by his Pafiions, as Acfts of Rapacity and 
 Avarice are often committed by Men who afcribe them to Pru-- 
 dence and a juft AlTertion of their own Right ; Malice and Ran- 
 cour pafs for Juflice, and Brutality for Spirit. This Opinion, whea 
 thoroughly examined, will very nearly tally with the former; for 
 all the Paffions, as well as Fear, have an eq^ual E'iiicacy to dillurb 
 
 and
 
 ( lii ) 
 
 and diftor-t the Mind : But to account for the Folly here fpoken 
 of, as being the Offspring of the Paffions, inftead of drawing a 
 Parallel between it and the Inipulfes of thofe Faffions, we muft 
 fuppofe tlie Impulfe to act with infinitely more Violence upon an 
 Afiatic Mind than we can ever have feen exemplified in Europe. 
 It is however fomething like the Madnefs fo inimitably deline- 
 ated in the Hero of Cervantes, fenfible enough upon fome Occa- 
 fions, and at the fame Time completely wild, and unconfcious 
 of itfelf upon others j and that too originally produced by an Ef- 
 fort of the Will, though in the End overpowering and fuperfed- 
 ing its Fundions. 
 
 It will no doubt ftrike the Reader with Wonder, to find a Prohi- 
 bition of Fire- Arms in Records of fuch unfathomable Antiquity; and 
 he will probably from hence renew the Sufpicion which has long 
 been deemed abfurd, that Alexander the Great did abfolutely meet 
 ■vyith fome Weapons of that Kind in India, as a Pallage in Quintus 
 Curtius feems to afcertain. Gunpowder has been known in 
 China, as well as in Hindoftan, far beyond all Periods of Invefliga- 
 tion.' — The Word Fire- Arms is literally Shanfcrit Agnee-afler, a 
 Weapon of Fire ; they defcribe the firfi; Species of it to have been 
 a Kind of Dart or Arrow tipt with Fire, and difcharged upon the 
 Enemy from a Bamboo. Among feveral extraordinary Properties 
 of this Weapon, one was, that after it had taken its Flight, it di- 
 vided into feveral feparate Darts or Streams of Flame^ each of 
 .'^'hich took eifed:, and which, when once kindled, could not be ex- 
 
 tinguifhed ;
 
 ( lili ) 
 
 tinguitlied ;* but this Kind of Agnee-after is now lofl:. — Cannon in 
 the Shanfcrit Idiom is called Shet-Aghnce, or the Weapon that 
 kills a hundred Men at once, from (Shete) a Hundred, and gheneh 
 to kill ; and the Pooran Shafters, or Hiftories, afcribe the Invention 
 of thefe deftrudive Engines to Beefliookerma, the Artift, who is 
 related to have forged all the Weapons for the War which was 
 maintained in the Suttee Jogue betv/een Dewta and OiToor (or the 
 good and bad Spirits) for the Space of one hundred Years. — Was 
 it Chance or Infpiration that furniihed our admirable Milton with 
 exadly the fame Idea, which had never before occurred to an Eu- 
 ropean Imagination ? ^ 
 
 The Battles v/hich are defcribed in this Section, ridiculous as 
 they may appear, when compared with the modern Art and Im- 
 provement of War, are the very Counterparts, of Homer j for, 
 in the early Ages of Mankind, a Battle appears to have been little 
 more than a Set of diflindt Duels between Man and Man ; in which 
 Cafe, every Circumftance pointed out in this Part of the Magif- 
 trate's Duty might naturally be expecfled to occur: And this is a 
 forcible Argument to prove, that the Compilers have not foifled into 
 the Code any novel Opinions of their own^ when in this Place 
 hardly one of the Principles of War, as ftated by them, is appli- 
 cable to the prefent Syilem and Situation of Mankind. 
 
 There is a particular Charge to the Magiflrate to forbid all 
 Fires in the Month Cheyt, or Part of March and April ; this is. 
 
 * It feems exadlly to agree with the Feu Gregeois &f the Crufadcs. 
 
 O an
 
 ( llv ) 
 
 an Inllitution mofl wifely and ufefully calculated for the Climate 
 of Ilindoflan, where, for above four Months before that Time, 
 there falls no Rain, and where the Wind always blows hard in that 
 Month, and is very dry and parching, fo that every Thing is in the 
 mofb combiiftible Situation, and the accidental burning of a Hand- 
 ful of Straw may fpread a Conflagration through a whole City. — It 
 is obfervable in India to this Day, that Fires are more frequent and 
 more dangerous in the Month Cheyt than in all the reft of the 
 Year. 
 
 Upon the whole, the Scope and Matter of this Sed:ion is excel- 
 lent ; and, divefted of the peculiar Tinift it has received from the 
 religious Tenets of its Authors, is not unworthy the Pen of the 
 moft celebrated Politicians, or Philofophers of ancient Greece. 
 
 CHAP. I. The Code begins with Regulations for that which 
 is one of the firft Cements of civil Society, the Mutuation of Proper- 
 ty ; which, though equally neceiTaryand advantageous to the Pub- 
 lic, muft be confined within certain Limits, and condudled upon 
 the Faith of khown Laws, to render it fafe, confidential, and equi- 
 table. The favourable Diftindiions marked towards fome Tribes, 
 and apparent Severity v/ith refpecft to others, in this Chapter, though 
 perhaps not reconcileable to our Ideas of focial Compac^l, muft be 
 fuppofed perfectly confonant to the Maxims of the Gentoos, and 
 familiar to their Comprehenfions, as it may be obferved, that the 
 Compilers have been fcrupuloufly exad:, in pointing out all fuch 
 2 . Cafes
 
 ( Iv ) 
 
 Cafes as have received different Decifions in the different Originals 
 from whence the Abffracft is feleded. Indeed, the Bramins, indif- 
 putably perfuaded that their Origin is from the Mouth, or fuperior 
 Member, of their Creator, and confequently that the Superiority 
 of their Tribe is interwoven with the very Effence of their Nature, 
 efteem that to be a full and fatisfadlory Pica for every Advantage 
 fettled upon them, above the reft of the People, by the Laws of 
 their Country -, nor are the other Caffs difcontented with the Lot 
 to which they have been accuffomed from their earlieff Infancy ; 
 if they blame any Thing, it is that original Turn of Chance which 
 gave them rather to fpring from the Belly or the Feet of Brihma, 
 than from his Arms or Plead. 
 
 The different Rate of Intereff, effabliflied in this Chapter to be 
 paid for the Ufe of different Articles, is perhaps an Inffitute pecu- 
 liar to Hindoftan; but it reflects a ftrong Light upon the Simplicity 
 of ancient Manners, before Money w^as univerfally current as the 
 Medium of Barter for all Commodities, and is at the fame Time a 
 v/eighty Proof of the great Antiquity of thefe Laws, which feem 
 calculated for the crude Conceptions of an almoff illiterate People 
 upon their ffrff Civilization. 
 
 CHAP. II. The Rights of Inheritance, in the fecond Chapter, 
 are laid down Vv'ith the utmoff Precifion, and with the ffricfleff At- 
 tention to the natural Claim of the Inheritor, in the feveral Degrees 
 of Affinity. A Man is herein confidcred but as Tenant for Li'"
 
 ( Ivi ) 
 
 in his own Property ; and, as all Opportunity of diftributing his 
 Effeds by Will, after his Death, is precluded, hardly any Mention- 
 is made of fuch Kind of Bequeft. By thefe Ordinances alfo, he is 
 hindered from difpoffefling his Children of his Property in Favour 
 of Aliens, and from making a blind and partial Allotment in Behalf- 
 of a favourite Child, to the Prejudice of the reft; by which the 
 Weaknefs of parental AfFedion, or of a m^fguided Mind in its 
 Dotage, is admirably remedied. Thefe Laws alfo ftrongly elucidate 
 the Story of the Prodigal Son in the Scriptures ; fince it appears 
 from hence to have been an immemorial Cuftom in the Eaft, for 
 Sons to demand their Portion of Inheritance during their Fathers 
 Life-Time, and that the Parent, however aware of the diffipated In- 
 clinations of his Child, could not legally refufe to comply with the 
 Application. 
 
 Though Polygamy has been conftantly pracftifed and univerfally 
 allowed under all the Religions that have obtained in Alia, we meet 
 with very fev/ Inftances of permitted Polyandry, or a Plurality of 
 Hufbands, fuch as mentioned in the fourteenth Sedion of this 
 Chapter : But a Gentleman, who has lately vifited the Kingdoms 
 of Boutan and Thibet, has obferved, that the fame Cuftom is almoft 
 general to this Day in thofe Countries ; where one Wife fre- 
 quently ferves all the Males of a whole Family, without being the 
 Caufe of any uncommon Jealoufy or Difunion among them. 
 
 The
 
 ( Iv" ) 
 
 The charaderiftlc Enthuriafm of the Gentoos is flrongly marked 
 in feveral Parts of this Chapter, where it appears, that the Property 
 of a Bramin is conRdered as too facred to fall into profane Hands, 
 even thofe of the Magiflrate ; which proves alfo that the Magiftrates 
 are not Bramins. At the fame Time, we cannot help noticing 
 many ftriking Inftances of Moderation and Self-Den ial in the Mem- 
 bers of this Tribe, who, being at once the Priefts and Legiflators of 
 the Country, have yet refigned all the fecular and executive Power 
 into the Plands of another Cafl ; for it appears, that no Bramin has 
 been properly capable of the Magiilracy llnce the Time of the Suttee 
 Jogue. They have alfo in one Place ordained, that, ** If a Widow 
 ^' fliould give all her Property and Eflate to the Bramins for reli- 
 ** gious Purpofes, the Gift indeed i^ valid ;" that is, it comes within 
 the Letter of the Law : ** But the Ad: is improper, and the Woman 
 '* blameable." Such a Cenfure, though not amounting to an abfo- 
 lute Prohibition, is furely a fufficient V/arnIng to thofe whofe weak 
 Bigotry might thus lead them to Error, and an Argument that thcfe 
 Lawgivers were free from all the narrow Principles of felf-interelled 
 Avidity. The only Privilege of Importance, which they feem to 
 have appropriated to themfelves in any Part of this Compilation, is 
 an Exemption from all capital Punifhment : They may be de- 
 graded, branded, imprifoned for Life, or fent into perpetual Exile ; 
 but it is everywhere expreffly ordained, that a Bramin ihall not be 
 put to Death upon any Account whatfoever. 
 
 P CHAP. IIL
 
 ( Iviii ) 
 
 CPIAP. III. The Chapter of Juftice, in its general Tendency, 
 feems to be one of the befl in the whole Code. The neceflary Qua- 
 lifications for the Arbitrator, the Rules for the Examination of 
 WitnelTes, and the Requifites for Propriety of Evidence, arc ftated 
 with as much Accuracy and Depth of Judgment as the Generality 
 of thofe in our own Courts. In this Chapter Mention is made of 
 the Purrekeh, or Trial by Ordeal, which is one of the mofl ancient 
 Jnfbitutes for the dill:inguifliing Criterion of Guilt and Innocence 
 that hath been handed down to us by facred or profane Hiftory : Fire 
 or Water were the ufual Refources upon thefe Occafions, and they 
 were conflantly prepared and fand:ified by the Solemnities of a reli- 
 gious Ceremonial. The Modes of this Ordeal are various in India, 
 according to the Choice of the Parties or the Nature of the Oifence i 
 but the Infallibility of the Refult is to this Day as implicitly believed 
 as it could have been in the darkefl Ages of Antiquity. 
 
 We find a particular Injunction and Defcription of a certain 
 Water Ordeal among the iirfl Laws dictated to Mofes by God him- 
 felf 3 it is contained in the fifth Chapter of Numbers, from the 
 twelfth to the thirtieth Verfe, and is for the Satisfad:ion of jealous 
 Hufbands, in the immediate Detedlion or Acquittal of their Wives. 
 
 CHAP. IV. V. arid VI. In the two fucceeding Chapters no unufual 
 
 Matter occurs, but fuch as good irenfe and a Freedom from Prejudice 
 
 will eafily develope : But, in the fecond Sedion of the fixth Chapter, 
 
 a PafTage appears, which, upon a flight Examination, might give the 
 
 3 Reader
 
 (' IIx ) 
 
 Reader a very indifferent Opinion of the Gentoo S)^flem of Govern- 
 ment, viz. ** A Law to regulate the Shares of Robbers." This 
 Ordinance by no Means refpedts the domeftlc Difturbers of the 
 Tranquillity of their own Countrymen, or Violators of the firft Prin- 
 ciples of Society, but only fuch bold and hardy Adventurers as fally. 
 forth to levy Contributions in a foreign Province. Unjuft as this 
 Behaviour may appear in the Eye of Equity, it bears the moft genuine 
 Stamp of Antiquity, and correfponds enticely with the Manners of 
 the early Grecians, at or before the Period of the Trojan War, and 
 of the WeRern Nations, before their Emerfion from Barbarifm ; a 
 Pradlice flill kept up among the pyratic States of Barbary to its fulleft 
 Extent by Sea, and probably among many Herds of Tartars and 
 Arabian Banditti by Land. However, the known Exigence and 
 Originality of this favage Syilem will juflify the Gentoo Magiflrate 
 of thofe ancient Periods in affifling the Freebooters witKhis Advice, 
 and participating in their Plunder, when, at that Time, fuch Expe^ 
 ditions were efteemed both legal and honourable. 
 
 It is not necefTary, in an EfTay like this, to attempt an Invefliga- 
 tion of every local Anomaly, or national Peculiarity, that may arife in 
 the Courfe of this Work 3 but merely to fpeak of fuch as feem to 
 contradid: the general Opinions of Mankind, and to round off thofe 
 harfher Features of the Pidure which appear unnatural or diflorted^ 
 as well as uncommon. 
 
 CHAP. VIL and VIIL Omitting therefore the Modes of Gift in 
 the feventh Chaptefp and the particular Ordinances refped:ing Slaves
 
 ( l--^ ) 
 
 iji the elghtli, let us proceed to the fecond Se6lion of the ninth 
 Chanter, '* Of the Wages of Dancing Women or Froftitutes." 
 
 CHAP. IX. From the mofl diflant Ages the Afiatic World has 
 obfervcd the Cultom of employing Women trained up, and hired 
 for the Purpofe to fing and dance at the public Feftivals and reli- 
 gious Ceremonies. Vv^e find that, ** When David was returned 
 *' from the Slaughter of the Philiftines, the Women came out of 
 ** all the Cities of Jfrael fmging and dancing to meet King Saul, 
 ** with Tabrets, with Joy, and with Inftruments of Mufic." 
 
 It is flill an univerfal Pracflice among the Gentoos, to entertain 
 a Number of fuch Women for the Celebration of their folemn 
 Feftivals ; and in many Parts of the Deccan, a Band of them is 
 kept in every Village at the public Charge, and they are frequently 
 difpatched to meet any Perfon paffing in a public Charadler, ex- 
 adly conformable to the Reception of Saul by the Women of Ifrael. 
 Probably their being expofed to general View and to a free Conver- 
 fation with Men (fo contrary to the Referve and Privacy of the 
 reft of their Sex in Afia) firft betrayed them into Proflitution : And 
 in former Ages, a Proilitute feems to have been by no Means fo 
 defpicable a Charader as at prefent, fince one of the firft A(5ts of 
 King Solomon's Government that was Thought worthy to be record- 
 ed v/as a Decifion from the Throne, upon the Suit of two Harlots. 
 Many States, even among the Moderns, have found the Necefiity 
 ^s well as Utility of tolerated Proflitution j they have difcovered 
 
 it
 
 ( Ix! ) 
 
 it to be one of the moil efFedluil Methods for prcferving the Peace 
 of Families and the Health of Individuals; and Piiblick Stews have 
 accordingly been licenfed under every Regulation that could be de- 
 vifed to obviate their probable ill Effeds, and to fecure all their 
 Advantages; fo, in Alia, the Profeliion of Singing and Dancing 
 by difHndt Sets or Companies naturally formed thefe Women into 
 a Kind of Community. And as the Policy of a good Government 
 will always look with an Eye of Regard .ipoii every Branch of So- 
 ciety, it was but juil: and proper to cna'6t Laws for the Security and 
 Proted:ion of this Publick Body, as well as of the refc of the State, 
 particularly as the Sex and Employment of thofe who compcfed 
 it rendered them more than ufually liable to Infulc and ill 
 Ufige. 
 
 It can be no Objediion to the Pvules laid down in this Place, 
 that the Language in which they are delivered is plain even to 
 Groffncfs ; it is well known that the Ancients, even in their moil 
 refined Ages, admitted a Freedom of Speech utterly incompatible 
 with the Delicacy of modern Converfation, and that we are on that 
 Account frequently much embarraifed in tranilating even the mofl 
 clalTical Autliors of Greece and Rome. — Lideccncy too feems to be 
 a Word unknown to the Law, which ever inlifls upon a fimple De- 
 finition of Fad:. The Englifli Courts, upon Trials for P^^ape or 
 Adultery, are full as little modefl and equivocal in iheir Language 
 as any Part of this or fome of the fitcceeding Chapters ; neither 
 Pv.ink nor Sex, nor Linocence can protcd a Woman who is unfor- 
 
 Q^ tunate
 
 ( b:a ) 
 
 tuniite enougli to be c:ilkd in as a Witnefs, even upon t;ie moil tri- 
 vial Points of fach a Caufc, from bciiv; obliged to hear, and even to 
 utter the mod indecent and iliocking Expreffions, which are neccf- 
 farily urged upon her, io far as to autlienticate every Circumflance 
 in Queilion, without the leail Difguife of Circumlocution or Re- 
 ferve in. Favour of Modeiiy : Yet Tri.ds of this Nature are pub- 
 lillied at length among us, and read with Eagernefs-, as much perhaps 
 to the Scandal of the Lav/ as to the Ccrruptioii of our Imaginations,, 
 and the Debafement of cur Manners. 
 
 But a Work upon fo diffu-live a Plan as thai of this Code is cal- 
 culated for the Perufal of the Judge and of the Philofopher, and is 
 far above the Cavil of narrow Underftandings and feliifh Prejudices. 
 Thefe indeed will fometimes feel, or pretend to feel, a greater Shock 
 at the Mention of certain Crimes, than it is to be fufpefted they 
 would undergo in the Commiffion of them ^ but for the Warning, 
 of the Subjecft, and for the Guidance of the Magiflrate, no Delinea- 
 tion of Offences can be too minute, and no Difcrimination too 
 particular. 
 
 CHxA.P. XVI. From hence, in Conformity to the Intention of 
 this Treatife, we fhall at once proceed to the fixteenth Chapter of 
 AiTault, and of Preparation to i^lTault; which feems entirely found- 
 ed upon the peculiar Tendernefs of aGentoo's Confcience, with ref- 
 pe61: to the Purity of his Caft. Flere we fee almofl every Unclean- 
 nefs that can be pradifed accurately fpecified, and Urongly prohibit- 
 
 ed;
 
 ( Ixlii ) 
 
 cd; and the Penalty is conflantly enhanced in Proportion fo tlfe 
 Pvank or CirciurJlances of the Parties. The fame Notions of 
 Dciileinent from Ccntacl with any unclean Article appear to have 
 been diligently inculcated into the Jews by th^i; infpired Lcgi- 
 flator; and the nineteenth Chapter of Numbers bears an evidi:nt 
 Relation to the Spirit and Meaning of the Chapter here, tliou^h it 
 differs in the Statement of the feveral ObjcvSls from whence the 
 Defilement is fuppofed toproceed. The Regulations before us were 
 entirely nccelTary for a People, whofe very Degree and Place in So- 
 ciety were conditionally dependant upon a fcrupulous Avoidance of 
 all Uncleannefs. Plence even the Preparation or Attempt to Afliiult 
 was forbidden, as well as the A61 itfelf ; and the tautologicalEnume- 
 ration of every poflible Mode of this AHault, by the mofl: minute 
 Gradations, needs no other Plea to reconcile it to our Ideas. 
 
 CHAP. XVII. The Chapter upon Theft contains a complete 
 x'^nfwer to every Objedtion that might be brought againfl a formef 
 ExpreiTion in the Code, '' Of the Magiftrates fliaring in the Plun- 
 *' der of Robbers," as almoft every poflible Species of Fraud or 
 Robbery is in this Place impartially condemned. Among other 
 Punifliments, thofe of " Cutting off the Hair, Shaving with the 
 Urine of an Afs, &c." are feveral Times mentioned. Thefe are 
 like the Stocks and Pillory among ourfelves, intended to operate 
 upon the Feelings of the Mind, rather than thofe of the Body, and, 
 by awakening the Senfe of Shame andDifgrace, to obviate the Necef- 
 fity of Corporal Chaffifement. They are conffantly confidered 
 
 among
 
 ( Ixiv ) 
 
 among the Hindoos as the moft complete Degradation they can un- 
 dergo, next to the abfolute Lofs of Call. And fome imagine, 
 though without Foundation, that they are by this Punifhment 
 leally expelled from their Tribe; that however is not the Cafe, 
 they are meant merely as temporary Humiliations, and as a Kind of 
 Warning, that upon the next Oitence the Sword of JulHce will be 
 aimed at the Head itfelf. 
 
 The Fines or Penalties enjoined for concealed Theft, in the 
 third Section of this Chapter, comprehend moft of the Modes of 
 Capital Puniilmicnt prefcribed by ancient or modern Tribunals. 
 Hanri-ins: and Crucifixion feem to have been the ufual Kinds of 
 Death inflicted by the Jews; but their Laws were alfo no Stranp-ers 
 to tlie Pradtice of Burning, as we find by the tv/enty-firft Chapter 
 -cf Leviticus: *' The Daughter of any Priell, if fne profane herfelf 
 '* by playing the Whore, flie profaneth her Father, flie (hiW be 
 *' burned v/ith Fire." 
 
 The Crime of Men-ftealing, mentioned in this Part of the Code, 
 hovv'ever repugnant to every Principle of Humanity, is not by any 
 Means peculiar to the Gentoos, for it is likewife forbidden, under 
 Pain of Death, in Deuteronomy, Chapter tv/enty-fourth : *^Ifa 
 " Man be found ftcaling any of his Brethren of the Children of 
 *' Ifrael, and maketh Merchandize of him, then that Thief fhall 
 ** die, and thou Ihalt put away Evil from among you." 
 
 This
 
 ( I'^v ) 
 
 Tins Part of the Compilation exhibits a Variety of Crimes pu- 
 niiliaMe by variousModes of capitalRetribution, contrary to the gene- 
 ral Opinion adopted in Europe, that the Gentoo Adminiftration was 
 wonderfully mild, and averfe to the Deprivation of Life. One 
 Caufe for this Opinion might be, that, fince the Tartar Empire be- 
 came abfolute in India, the Hindoos (like the Jews in the Captivity) 
 though in fome Refpe6ls permitted to live by their own Rules and 
 Laws, have for Reafons of Government been in moft Cafes prohi- 
 bited from dying by them. This Chapter however difplays In- 
 ftances of what might feem unjuftifiable Severity, did not the Jewifh 
 Difpenfaticn afford us a Number of Examples to the fame Purpofe. 
 The Ordinance in Mofes for Stoning a Rebellious Son, or a Girl 
 found not to be a Virgin : Samuel's hewing Agag to Pieces before 
 the Lord in Gilgal : Whole Nations cut off at once by unlimitted 
 Profcriptien : David's harrafUng his Enemies with Harrows of 
 Iron; and a Thoufand other PafTages of the fame Tendency, prove 
 that the Laws of moft Nations of Antiquity were written in Let- 
 ters of Blood; and if in England (as it is faid) we have near eighty 
 Kinds of Felonies, all liable to capital Punifliment, theGentoos need 
 •not think their own Legiilature uncommonly fertile in Employ- 
 ments for the Executioner. 
 
 The latter Part of this Sc6lion is particularly fet apart to treat of 
 Thefts committed by tlie Bramin Tribe; and the many dreadful 
 Penalties there enjoined leave the Delinquents but a llender Satis- 
 
 R fa(5tion.
 
 ( Ixvl ) 
 
 fadion in their Exemption from capital Punifliment: Add too, that 
 from thefe CircumAances it may be coUedted, that this Exemption is 
 really founded upon a reverential Regard to the Sanclit) ::f their 
 Function and Charadler, rather than upon the unjufl Preference of 
 felf-interefted Partiality. 
 
 CPMP. XIX. The nineteenth and twentieth Chapters prefent 
 lis a lively Pi(5ture of Afiatic Manners, and in them a ftrong Proof 
 of their own Originality. To Men of liberal and candid Sentiments, 
 neither the GrolTnefs of the Portrait nor theHarflmefs of the Colour- 
 ing will feem imiproper or indecent, while they are convinced of the 
 Truth of the Refemblance; and if this Compilation does not exhi- 
 bit Mankind as they might have been, or as they ought to ht»ve been, 
 the Anfwer is plain, ** Becaufe it paints them as they were." — Vices, 
 as ^^ ell as Fafhions, have their Spring and their Fall, not with Indi- 
 viduals only, but in whok Nations, where one reigning Foible for 
 avv'hile fwallows up the reft, and then retires in its Turn to make 
 room for the epidemic Influence of a newer Paiiion. Wherefore, 
 if any Opinions not reconcilcable to our Modes of thinking, or any 
 Crimes not praftifed, and fo not prohibited among us, fhould occur 
 in thcfe Chapters, they mult he imputed to the different EfFedls pro- 
 duced on the Human Mind by a Difference of Climates, Cufloms 
 and Manners, which will conitantly give a particular Turn and Bias 
 to the National Vices. — Flence it would be a v/eak and frivolous 
 Argument for cenfuring the fifth Sedion of this nineteenth Chap- 
 ter, to obje^ that it was levelled at an. Offence ablurd in itfeif, not 
 
 likely
 
 ( Ixvii ) 
 
 Ukely to be frequent, or ruppoiing it frequent, fliil to be deemed' of 
 ti'ivial Confequencc; and to make this Objedlion merely in Con- 
 fideration thit the Offence may not be ufual among us, and has cer- 
 tainly never been forbidden by our Legiflature, fuch Cavils would 
 betray a great Ignorance of the general Syftem of Human Nature, 
 as well as of the common Principles of Legillation for Penal Laws 
 (except for the moil ordinary Crimes) are. not enabled until particu- 
 lar Inftances of Offence have pointed out their abfolute Neceflity; 
 for which Reafon Parricide was not fpecified among the original 
 Inftitutes of the celebrated Lawgiver of Sparta. Hence we may 
 with Safety conclude, that the feveral Prohibitions and Penalties of 
 this fifth Sedlion were fubfequent to and in confequence of the 
 Commifiion of every Species of Enormity therein defcribed. 
 
 In Alia, the indubitable Virginity of the Bride has ever been a 
 requilite and moft neceffary Condition of a Marriage; and indeed 
 the Warmth of Conflitution in either Sex, and the univerfal Jealoufy 
 of the Men in thofe Climates, give great Propriety to the Caution ^ 
 for in Women the firft Breach of Chaflity was always efteemed deci- 
 five; and Mofes confrdered the Offence in at leaffas ferious a Light 
 as the Gentoos have done, fmce he ordained, that, if the Tokens of 
 Virginity were not found upon a Girl at her Marriage, £he fliould 
 be fboned: -A hard Fate furcly, if we refledl: to how many Accidents 
 Ho frail un Article is liable, without any Intention or Fault of its. 
 Poffeffcr ! And if a Hindoo's Confcience is equally nice v/ith a 
 jev/'s, upon this Point it cannot be judged extraordinary, that a par-- 
 
 ticular.-
 
 ( Ixvlii ) 
 
 ficular Sedlon of thisCode fliould be appropriated to the Condemna- 
 tion of fuch PraAices as may violate Virginity, and deftroy its To- 
 kens, even without adlual Copulation, fmce the Difgrace and other 
 unhappy Confequences to the Woman are equally inevitable, to what 
 Caufe foever it be owing that the Proofs of her Chaflity are de- 
 ficient. 
 
 The beft Security for Female Virtue is the total Abfence o£ 
 Temptation, and confequently, to endeavour to remove the one is 
 a prudent Caution for the Prefervation of the other. We find there- 
 fore the feveral Modes and Gradations of Aliatic Gallantry feparate- 
 ly forbidden at the Beginning of this Chapter, which, by flightly 
 puniiliing the fii'ft Preparatives and leading Steps to an Offence, 
 fliews a tender Concern for the Offender's Welfare, to whom it thus 
 gives a monitory Check at the very Commeneement of his Defign, 
 and before the Execution of it has fubjedied him to the extreme 
 Rigour of the Law* 
 
 CHAP. XX. It may not be improper to mention upon this 
 Chapter, that the Bramins who compiled the Code were Men far 
 advanced in Years, as one of them above eighty, and only one under 
 thirty-five, by way of Apology for the Obfervations they have fe- 
 lecfted, and the Cenfurcs they have paffed upon the Conduct and 
 Merits of the Fair Sex. Solomon however, who probably had as 
 much Experience in V»/'omen as any Pundit in any of the four 
 Jogues, was nearly of the fame Sentiments, as we may collect from 
 
 numerous
 
 ( Ixix ) 
 
 numerous Paflliges in his Proverbs, one of which, in the thirtieth 
 Chapter, fo exactly correfponds with a Sentence in this Part of the 
 Code, that the one ahnoil feems a literal Tranfcript from the other. 
 ** There are," fays Solomon, *' Three Things that arc never fatis- 
 ** iied; yea, four Things fiy not, it is enough : The Grave and the 
 *' Barren Womb ; the Earth that is filled not with Water, and 
 ** the Fire that faith not, it is enough." 
 
 The Pafllige in the Code w^ill fpeak for itfelf; — fo flriking a Re- 
 femblance needs neither Quotation nor Comment: — Yet neither the 
 Royal Author of the Proverbs, nor the Compofers of the Shafters, 
 are by any Means fo cenforious or fo unjuil: as to deny the Poffibi- 
 lity of Excellence in the Female Sex, though they allow the In- 
 ftances to be fomewhat fcarce, and that Wives of this Quality are 
 only to be obtained by many and great Ads of Piety, or, as Solo- 
 mon exprelles it, *' A Prudent Wife is from the Lord." 
 
 The many Rules laid down in this Chapter, for the Prefervation 
 of domeflic Authority to the Ilufband, are Relicks of thatcharaderif- 
 tlc Difcipline of Afia, w^hich facred and profane V/riters teflify to 
 have exifted from all Antiquity ; where Women have ever been the 
 Subjedis, not the Partners of their Lords, confined within the Walls 
 of a Haram, or bulied without Doors in Drudgeries little becom- 
 ing their Delicacy. The Trojan PrlncelTes were employed in wafliing 
 Linen; and Rebecca was firfl difcovered by Abraham's Servant with 
 a Pitcher upon her Shoulder to water Camels. ** Two Women 
 
 S ' '* fhall
 
 ( rxx ) 
 
 *' fliall be grinding at the Mill," lliys the Prophet; but theNotoriety of 
 this FaS: obviates the NecefTity of Quotations : It may jufb be ob- 
 ferved, that Solomon in praifing a good Wife mentions, that ** She 
 *' rifes while it is yet Night," which we muft fuppofe to be before 
 her Hufband; and we find this to be one of the Qualifications for a 
 good Geutoo Wife alfo. 
 
 The latter Part of this Chapter relates to the e-xtraordinary Cir- 
 Gumftance of Womens burning themfelves with their deceafed 
 Hufbands: — The Terms of the Injundion as there fet forth are 
 plain, moderate and conditional: ** It is proper for a Woman to burn 
 *' with her Hufband's Corps;" and a proportionate Reward is offered 
 inCompenfation for her Sufferings. - Notwithilanding the Ordinance 
 is not in the abfolute Style of a Command, it is furely fufiiciently 
 dire(fl to iland for a Religious Duty; the only Proof that it is not 
 pofitive is the Propofal of inviolable Chaflity as an Alternative, 
 though it is not to be taken for an Equivalent. The Bramins feem 
 to look upon this Sacrifice as one of the finl Principles of their Reli- 
 gion, the Caufe of which it would hardly be orthodox to investi- 
 gate. There are however feveral Reftricftions with refpett to it, as 
 that a Woman muil not burn herfelf if flie is with Child, nor if her 
 Hufband died at a Diilance from her,, unlefs (lie can procure his 
 Turban and Girdle to put on at the File, with other Exceptions of 
 the fame Nature, which they clofcly conceal from the Eyes of the 
 World, among the other Myflcrics of their Faith : But we are con- 
 vinced eq^ualJy by Information and Experience, that the Cuilom has 
 
 not
 
 ( Ixxi ) 
 
 not for the mofl: Part fallen into Deiuetude In India, as a celebrated 
 Writer has fuppofed. 
 
 CHAP. XXI. The twenty-firft Chapter comprehends aNumber of 
 unconnedled Articles, of which the lafl Sedlion is a Kind of Perora- 
 tion to the whole Work. But of fuch Paits of thefe Ordinances as 
 relate merely to the Religious Opinions of the Hindoos we certnin- 
 ly are not authorized to judge; they were inflituted in CcnfDrmity 
 to their Prejudices; and the Confciences of the Peoph-, as well as 
 the Penalties of t\\z Law, enforce their Obedience. Hence little 
 Obfervation need be made upon the accountable Prohibitions of 
 the fecond Sed:ion, but that the Commiffion of fuch ridiculous 
 Crimes, for which no poiTible Temptation can be pleaded, may be 
 feverely puniilied, without much Danger to the Gener^ihty of 
 Mankind. 
 
 The Article of the third Sedlion is of a more ferious Nature, and 
 contains an Injun^flion not unneceflary for the general Peace and 
 good Order of every Community. The Vulgar in all Nations are 
 tied down to the continual Exercife of bodily Labour for their own 
 immediate Subfiitence; and their Employments are as incompatible 
 with the Leifure requifite for Religious Speculations, as their Ideas 
 are too grofs for the Comprehenlion of their Subtilty; add to this, 
 that illiterate Minds are ufually fo apt to kindle at the lead 
 Touch of Enthufiallic Zeal, as to make their headftrong Superfli- 
 tion the mofl dangerous of all Weapons in the Hands of a deligning 
 
 Partizan;.
 
 ( Ixxii ) 
 
 Partizan; like thQ^gnee-afier/itrages with unquenchabIeViolence,and 
 Separating into a thoufand Flames, all equally deitrucftive, fublides 
 not but with the Exaltation of a Cromwell, or a MalTacre of Saint 
 Bartholomew. Mofes obferved a like Severity with this Code, in 
 prohibiting the reft of the People from any Interference with the 
 Profeflion of the Priefthood ; the Ordinance is ilTued from the 
 Mouth of Godhimfelf: ** Thou ilialt appoint Aaron and his Sons, 
 " and they fliall wait on their Priefh's Office, and the Stranger that 
 ** Cometh nigh fiiall be put to Death." 
 
 IxMDEED tlie whole Office, as well as the facred Preeminence of 
 the Braminical Tribe, is almofl an exaft Counterpart of that of the 
 Levitical : The Levites were particularly forbidden Wine; fo are 
 the Eramins : The Levites were more than others enjoined to 
 avoid the Contadt of all Uncleannefs; fo are the Bramins: The 
 Levites were to affiil the Magillrate's Judgment in difficult Cafes; 
 {o are the Eramins: And, in every other Refpe(fi:, the Refemblance 
 miglit well authorize a Sufpicion, that they had originally fome 
 remote Affinity to each other, though Conjedlure cannot poffibly 
 trace the Source of the Connexion. 
 
 * The Patience of the Publick has now been fufficiently exercifed 
 and trcrpalled upon in this EiTay, which v/as but defigned to ob- 
 viate fome of the moll plaufibie Objedtions, which arc likely to be 
 ftatcd againfl: fo uncommon a Compilation. We have every where 
 produced Inftances of a Similitude between the Molaical and the 
 
 Hindoo
 
 ( Ixxlii ) 
 
 Hindoo Difpenfatlon, though without attempting to infert the 
 hundredth Part of what occurred upon fo fruitful a Subjedt. 
 
 But it is not only to the Laws of Mofes that this Code bears a 
 fbriking Likenefs; many other Parts of the Holy Scriptures may 
 from hence be elucidated or confirmed : Thus in the Book of 
 Genefis we find Laban excufing himfelf for having fubftituted 
 Leah in the Place of Rachel to Jacob, in thefe Words : ** It muft 
 ** not be fo done in our Country, to give the Youngeft (Daughter) 
 ** before theFirft-Born :" This was long beforeMofes was born.— » 
 So in this Compilation it is made criminal for a Man to give 
 his Younger Daughter in Marriage before the Elder, or for a 
 Younger Son to marry while his ElderBrother remains unmarried. 
 
 Comparisons of this Nature will illuflrate many doubtful PafTa- 
 ges, and explain many obfolete Cuftoms and Ufages alluded to 
 throughout the Bible; fo tliat fliould no Part of thefe Laws be 
 thought worthy of Adoption into the Syflem of a Britifli Govern- 
 ment in Afia, they will yet well deferve the Confideration of the 
 Politician, the Judge, the Divine, and the Philofopher, as they 
 contain the genuine Sentiments of a great and flourifliing People, 
 at a Time when it was impofliblc for them to have any Connexion 
 or Communication with the European World, upon Subjeds in 
 which all Mankind have a common Intcreft ; as they abound with 
 Maxims of general Policy and Juftice, which no Particularity of 
 
 T Manners,
 
 ( Ixxiv ) 
 
 Manners, or Dlverfity of Religious Opinions can alter ; as they: 
 may become iifeful References for a Number of National and, 
 local Dillindtions in our own Sacred Writings, and as the feveral 
 Powers of the Mind, in the gradual Progrefs of Civilization, may by 
 judicious Comparifons from hence be invefli^ated almoil to their 
 iirfl Principles, 
 
 'The En4 of the Translator's Preface.
 
 ■'■ pi   i^i ^— i j   . n il j»^^^— ^ 
 
 TRANSLATION 
 
 O F A 
 
 PooTEE, or Compilation, 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 ORDINATIONS 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 PUNDITS,
 
 ( 3 ) 
 
 PRELIMINARY DISCOURSE. 
 
 TT^ROM Men of enlightened Underftandings and found Judgment, who, In 
 their Refearches after Truth, have fwept from their Hearts the Dull of Ma- 
 lice and Oppofition, it is not concealed, that the Contrarieties of Religion, and 
 Diverfities of Belief, which areCaufes of Envy, and of Enmity to the Ignorant, 
 are in fad a manifeft Demonftration of the Power of the Supreme Being: 
 For it is evident, that a Painter, by fketchinga Multiplicity of Figures, and by 
 arranging a Variety of Colours, procures a Reputation among Men; and a 
 Gardener, for planting a Diverfity of Shrubs, and for producing a Number of 
 different Flowers, gains Credit and Commendation; wherefore it is Abfurdity 
 and Ignorance to view, in an inferior Light, him who created both the Painter 
 and tiie Gardener. The truly Intelligent well know, that the Differences and 
 Varieties of created Things are a Ray of His glorious Effence, and that the 
 Contrarieties of Conllitutions are a Type of His wonderful Attributes; whole 
 complete Power formed all Creatures of the animal, vegetable and material 
 World, from the four Elements of Fire, Water, Air and Earth, to be an Or- 
 nament to the Magazine of Creation; and whole comprehenfive Benevolence 
 feleded Man, the Center of Knowledge, to have the Dominion and Authority 
 over the rcit ; and, having bellowed, upon this f^wourite Obje(5l,Judgment and. 
 
 U-nderHanding,,
 
 ( 4 ) 
 
 Underftanding, gave him Supremacy over the Corners of the World; an<^, 
 when he had put into his hand the free Control and arbitrary Difpofal of all 
 Affairs, He appointed to each Tribe its own Faith, and to every Se6l its own 
 Religion-, and having introduced a numerous Variety of Cads, and a Multipli- 
 city of diiferent Culloms, He views in each particular Place the Mode of Wor- 
 fhip refpcdively appointed to it; fomecimes He is employed with the Attend- 
 ants upon the Mofque, in counting the facrcd Beads; fometimes He is in the 
 Temple, at the Adoration of Idols; the Intimate of the MufTulman, and the 
 Friend of the Hindoo ; the Companion of the Chriflian, and the Confidant of 
 the Jew. Wherefore Men of exalted Notions, not being bent upon Hatred 
 and Oppofition, but confidering the collefted Body of Creatures as an Objeft 
 of the Power of the Almighty, by inveftigating the Contrarieties of Se<5l, and 
 the different Cufboms of Religion, have ftamped to themfelves a Lifting Re- 
 putation upon the Page of the World; particularly in the extenfive Empire 
 of Hindoflan, which is a moft delightful Country, and wherein are collected 
 great Numbers of Turks, ofPerfians, of Tartars, of Scythians, of Europeans, 
 of Armenians, and of Abyfnnians. And whereas, this Kingdom was the long 
 Refidence of Hindoos, and was governed by many powerful Roys and Rajahs, 
 the Gcntoo Religion became catholick and univerfal here; but when it was 
 afterwards ravaged, in feveral Parts, by the Armies of Mahomedanifm, a 
 Change of Religion took place, and a Contrariety of Culloms arofe, and all 
 Affairs were tranfaded, according to the Principles of Faith in the conquering 
 Party, upon v/hich perpetual Oppofitions were engendered, and continual 
 Differences in the Decrees of Juflice ; fo that in every Place the immediate 
 Magillrate decided all Caufes according to his own Religion ; and the Laws 
 of Mahomed were the Standard of Judgment for tl.e Hindoos. Hence 
 Terror and Confufion found a Way to all the People, and Juflice was not im- 
 partially adminiftered ; wherefore a Thought fuggefled itfelf to the Governor 
 General, the Ilcnourable Warren IJaJiings^ to invefligate the Principles of 
 
 the 
 
 I
 
 ( 5 ) 
 
 the Gentoo Religion, and to explore the Cudoms of tlie Hindoos, and L(S 
 procure a Tranflation of them in the Perfian Language, that they might be- 
 come univerfally known by the Perfpicuity of that Idiom, and that a Book 
 might be compiled to preclude all fuch contradidory Decrees in future, 
 and that, by a proper Attention to each Religion, Juftice might take place 
 impartially, according to the Tenets of every Sc6t. Wherefore Bramin», 
 learned in the Shafter (whofe Names are here fubjoined) were invited from 
 all Parts of the Kingdom to Fort-William, in Calcutta, which is the Capital 
 of Bengal and Bahar, and the moll authentick Books, both ancient and 
 modern, were colle(5led, and the original Text, delivered in the Hindoo 
 Language, was faithfully tranflated by the Interpreters into the Perfian Idiom. 
 They began their Work in May, 1773, anfwering to the Month Jeyt, 1180 
 (Bengal Style) and finilhed it by the End of February, 1775, anfwering to 
 the Month Phaugoon, 11 82 (Bengal Style.) 
 
 B NAMES
 
 ( 6 ) 
 
 NAME 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 B R A M I N S, 
 
 Who compiled this Work* 
 
 Ram Gopaul Neeayalunkar 
 Beereelliur Punchanun 
 Kiflien Juiii Neeayalunkar 
 Baneefliur Beedyalunkar 
 Kerpa Ram Terk Siedhaut 
 Kifhen Chund Sareb Bhoom 
 Goree Kunt Terk Siedhaut 
 Kifhen Keifub Terkalungkar 
 Seeta Ram Bhet 
 Kalee Sunker Beedyabagees 
 ' Sham Sunder Neeay Siedhaut 
 
 GLOSSARY
 
 [ 7 ] 
 
 GLOSSARY 
 
 OF SUCH 
 
 Shafcrit, Perfian, and Bengal Words, 
 
 AS OCCUR IN THIS 
 
 WORK. 
 
 yJB KOORUN, Preparation to afTault. 
 
 Acharige^ A Teacher of the Goiteree. 
 
 Adew, Property that may not be given away. 
 
 Adhegeeru7t Gerriit, A Man who performs Service to his Relations. 
 
 Adkik, A fmall Weight or Meafure. 
 
 Affus, Aftringent. 
 
 Aghun,
 
 ( 8 ) 
 
 Aghun^ 
 
 Anoo rafuk, 
 
 Antee Bajhee, 
 
 ylpateree Kurrun^ 
 
 Arde Kheel, 
 
 Arjh, 
 
 Arieh Bherut^ 
 
 Arzal^ 
 
 Arzeex, 
 
 AJhnciWj 
 
 AJhorCy 
 
 Ajhrufie^ 
 
 AJhummeed Jugg, 
 
 AJlivafnee PeikereCy 
 
 AJfen, 
 
 Atee Patuky 
 Ayammi Shadee^ 
 
 One of the Bengal Months, anfwering to Part of No« 
 vcmber and December. 
 
 A Man pledged for a Loan.. 
 
 Impofttire, Petty Crimes. 
 
 An Apprentice. 
 
 A Species of trifling Ofl'ences. 
 
 Land half Wafte. 
 
 One of the Five Superior Modes of Marriage. 
 
 A Servant for pecuniary Wages. 
 
 An inferior Tribe of the Hindoos. 
 
 Tin. 
 
 Purification by Bathing. 
 
 One of the Three Inferior Modes of Marriage. 
 
 The moil valuable Gold Coin. 
 
 A religious Ceremony, in which a Horfe is let loofe, 
 with certain Hindoo Texts written upon him. 
 
 One who difpofes of another Perfon's Property with- 
 out a Right fo to do. 
 
 One of the Bengal Months, anfwering to Part of Sep- 
 tember and Oftober. 
 
 Inceft. 
 
 A Number of Fcftival Days on a Marriage. 
 
 B Ban Peruji,
 
 ( 9 ) 
 
 B 
 
 Bm Perujl, 
 
 Bazar, 
 
 Beejejhukta, 
 
 Beekreet, 
 
 Beena, 
 
 Beet, 
 
 Beheerrehy 
 
 Beid, . 
 
 Beopiiry, 
 
 Bcrcimehj .. 
 
 Berayut, 
 
 Berlakruty 
 
 Bereefocherg, 
 
 Berenge-arook, 
 
 Berhemcharry^ 
 
 Bhadun, 
 
 A Hermit. 
 
 A Market. 
 
 A Public or Common Bull. 
 
 A Man who voluntarily fells his own Liberty, 
 
 A Species of long Grafs. 
 
 A Species of prickly Grafs. 
 
 An allringent Drug. 
 
 The moft ancient and venerable of the Gentoo Scrip- 
 tures. There are ¥o\\i[Beids, the RugBeid, the Huchiir 
 Beld, the Sam Beid, and the Ahtrcbun Beid, 
 
 A travelling Merchant, or Pedlar, who carries his 
 Goods upon Bullocks. 
 
 One of ths Five Superior Modes of Marriage. 
 
 A Bramin's Son who is a Minor. 
 
 A Man become a Slave for the Sake of a Female Slave. 
 
 A confccrated Bull fuffered to go loofe. 
 
 Rice cleanfed without boiling. 
 
 A Man who has fludied Divinity Twelve Years. 
 
 One of the Bengal Months, anfwering to Part of 
 Auguft and September. 
 
 C Blekut,
 
 ( lO ) 
 
 Bkekiity 
 
 Bherocah, 
 
 Bherttik, 
 
 Bkook Bherut^ 
 
 Shook Lahheh^ 
 
 Bice, 
 
 Bramin, 
 
 Bubhar, 
 
 Bundareh^ 
 
 Bundkoo, 
 
 Burmab, 
 
 Burrun, 
 
 Burrun Sunker^ 
 
 Burrut, 
 Butkdixih. 
 
 A Slave for a Livelihood. 
 
 A Pimp or Attendant upon Dancing Women. 
 
 A Servant. 
 
 A Man wlio ferves for his Siibfiftence. 
 
 Intereft produced by Ulufrui5t of any Articles pledged. 
 
 The Third original Gentoo Tribe. 
 
 The Firfl original Tribe of Gentoos. 
 
 Juftice. 
 
 Magazines and other Offices for the Magiftrate. 
 
 A Bank. . 
 
 The fecondary Deity and immediate Creator of all 
 Things. 
 
 The peculiar Mode or conflltutive Particularity of 
 each Tribe. 
 
 The general Denomination of all Tribes, produced by 
 the Intermixture of Two different Tribes. 
 
 .A rclii2;ious Foundation, 
 
 A Weight of Stone. 
 
 Chat -lev. 
 
 A Mcafure of Cowries, bein^ Sixteen Pun, 
 An Umbrella. 
 
 ChihUrejSi
 
 ( «. ) 
 
 Chehteree^ 
 
 'Chendal, 
 
 Cheyty 
 
 Chickerherdeheey 
 
 Chokey\ 
 
 Chokeydar, 
 
 Ckoperhazee^ 
 
 'Chuckreh^ 
 
 Coin, 
 
 Cooly, 
 Cofe, 
 Cojid, 
 Cuicbeny, 
 
 The Second original Gentoo Tribe. 
 
 A mean Tribe of Gentoos. 
 
 One of the Bengal Months, anfwering to Part of March 
 and April. 
 
 Compound Intereft. 
 
 A Toll Gate. 
 
 A Watchman or Guard-, fometimes a Toll Gatherer. 
 
 A Game of Hazard played with Three oblong Dice. 
 
 A fmall Carriage for Burthens, a Cart. 
 
 As Gold Coin,&:c. is here meant for a fmall Grain, or 
 Bead of Gold current in the Country, whereof 
 Eight make one Majheh\ it is called Surkh inPerfian, 
 and Ruitce in Bengal. 
 
 A common Porter or Carrier of Burthens. 
 
 A Meafure of Two Miles nearly. 
 
 A Meflenger or Poftman. 
 
 A Court of Juftice. 
 
 D 
 
 Dm, 
 
 Inheritable Property, 
 
 A fmall Coin. 
 
 A relio-ious Ceremon'v 
 
 Dayai'iinpakiit,
 
 ( 12 ) 
 
 Daye Bhag, 
 
 Veep, 
 
 Jtmlco Deep, 
 Tidkhco Deep^ 
 Shoolmeloo Deep, 
 KooJJmd Deep, 
 Keroonchud Deep, 
 Shaktid Deep, 
 PccJ}:kerud Deep, 
 
 Deeyh, 
 
 Deiocl, 
 
 Derlan, 
 
 Dercon, 
 
 Deit, 
 
 Dewtah, 
 
 Doll, 
 
 Dooh, 
 
 Dcot, 
 
 Dofs, 
 
 Dote, 
 
 DuclMeh, 
 
 Dufrr Pariffj, 
 
 A Slave by long Defcent. 
 
 Inheritable Property. 
 
 The World j of which they reckon Seven : 
 
 TheHindoos fay, that this habitable World, ovDeep, 
 is ftirrounded on every Side by t\\tSumooder, or main 
 Ocean, to the Breadth of Four Hundred Thoufand 
 Ccfe ; after which commences the Second Deep, and 
 fo in order. 
 
 One of the Five Superior Modes of Marriage. 
 
 A mean and adventitious Tribe among the Gentoos. 
 
 A Porter or Doorkeeper. 
 
 A Weight or Meafure. 
 
 Property which it is lawful to alienate. 
 
 That Deity to whom Prayers are to be offered. 
 
 i\ny Pulle broken. 
 
 Fine Grafs. 
 
 An Agent or Hircarrah. 
 
 A Slave. 
 
 All Games of Hazard. 
 
 Certain Fees paid to a Bramin for perform ingWorff/ip 
 ibr any Pcrfon. 
 
 AfTauir. 
 
 Diitty
 
 
 ( 13 ) 
 
 Gifts unapproved, or which may be taken back. 
 Things give;! away, which may not be taken bitck. 
 
 E 
 
 Eenakal Behrut^ 
 Enahuti 
 
 A Slave whofc Life lias been faved in Famine. 
 
 A Second Depofit of Articles depofited in Trufl to 
 any Perfon. 
 
 T'ateheh Buzurgwiii\ An Offering made for the Souls of deceafed Anceflors. 
 
 Gdrifee Jikkhih, 
 Gehenmim, 
 
 Gerhcjat^ 
 
 Gheeru^, 
 Gherhut, 
 Ghurrie^ 
 
 A Confumption, or Spitting of Blood and Phlegm. 
 
 Hell. 
 
 A Child born to a Mailer, by a Female Slave. 
 
 Clarified Butter. 
 
 A voluntary Slave for a certain Time. 
 
 A City of the fmalleft Size. 
 
 A Meafurc of Time, comprehending Twenty -fowr 
 Minutes. 
 
 D Coheres,
 
 ( »4 ) 
 
 Qcitcree^ 
 
 
 undae^ 
 
 A Gentoo Incantation. 
 
 An Agent. 
 
 Is a Word ufed by the Englifh for a Kind of Tarej in 
 the Bengal Language, it means a Village. 
 
 Four Cowries. 
 
 idachry. 
 Ear am, 
 Hauty 
 Hejamui^ 
 
 lllrcarrehy 
 
 Ho-dcakh^ 
 
 Ihrrehy 
 
 H 
 
 An Indian Carriage. 
 
 A Seraglio. 
 
 A Weekly Market for various Goods. 
 
 The Profeffion of Barber, which confifts in) Shaving, 
 Paring the Nails, &c. 
 
 A Spy, or Mefienger. 
 
 A Depofit of Property in full Confidence. 
 
 An aflringent Drug. 
 
 I 
 
 JaUe Bkerun Kiifiker^ 
 Jee PotTy 
 
 A Species of petty Offences. 
 
 A Statement and Decree. 
 
 A Bengal Month, anfwering to Part of May and June. 
 
 Ihtimamdary
 
 ( IS ) 
 
 Ihthnamdary 
 
 A Superintendanr, or Lieutenant 
 
 InderJQ^ 
 
 A Drug of no EHimation, that 
 
 
 Woods. 
 
 Joodeh Pern^puty 
 
 A Slave taken in War. 
 
 Joojun^ 
 
 A Meafure of Four Cofe. 
 
 Joolefcy 
 
 The Book of Gentoo Aflronomy. 
 
 Ifrum, 
 
 Orders or Ranks of Men. 
 
 7"ggy 
 
 A religious Ceremony. 
 
 jUUgky 
 
 Lands wholly uncultivated.. 
 
 K 
 
 Kandehrub^ 
 
 Kartee-au , 
 
 Kcifeh, 
 
 Kau-ee-kau, 
 
 Kaukekau, 
 
 Keereeuty 
 
 Keheet Der/Ijen.^ 
 
 Kehta^ 
 
 Keroof'y 
 
 One of the Five Superior Modes of Marriage.. 
 A voluntary Offer of Incrcafe of Interefl:.. 
 A Mixture of Tin and Copper. 
 Intereft paid Yearly. 
 Interefl paid Monthly.. 
 A purchafed Slave. 
 AITault and Bioodfaed. 
 A Son of a Soadi^r begotten upon a Chebwree. 
 A fabulous Bird. 
 Walle Land, 
 
 Kheetf
 
 ( i6 ) 
 
 Kheefy 
 
 KhieUy 
 
 Kombeb, 
 
 Keodup, 
 
 KooloOy 
 
 Koonchy^ 
 
 Koofmy 
 
 Kofe, 
 
 KiWfud, 
 
 KureehK 
 
 A City of the Second Size. 
 
 A Bridge. 
 
 A large Weight or Meafure. 
 
 A fmaller Weight or Meafure. 
 
 The Cocoa Tree. 
 
 A fmaller Weight or Meafure. 
 
 A Sort of Flowers ufed in Dying, 
 
 A Species of Herb or Grafs. 
 
 Rape Seed. 
 
 A fmall Vegetable of a very bitter Taflc. 
 
 Leekhuky 
 
 Lubdebee, 
 
 Lut, 
 
 LUttily 
 
 A Secretary or Writer. 
 
 A Slave found by Accident. 
 
 A creeping Tree -, alfo the Name of a Bird. 
 
 The Name of a large Tree. 
 
 M 
 
 Mdafifer, 
 Muha Fciluk, 
 
 A Species of Flowers ufed in Dying. 
 Murder, and other heinous Crimes. 
 
 MaJIjeb
 
 ( 17 ) 
 
 Majheh of Silver^ 
 Majheh of Goldy 
 Meet-hidy 
 
 Melahhoo, 
 Mookhud^ 
 
 Moonfhi, 
 Muluch, 
 
 Muntur^ 
 Mufnud^ 
 Mut 'hooter. 
 
 yV of a Silver Rupee, 
 
 ,V of^ an Jfljrufie. 
 
 An Inhabitant of Afd-z/vV/^', a fatuous Town for Brcmhis 
 of Learning, in the WcH, near the Souhah of Oude^ 
 about 15 Days Journey from Benares. 
 
 A Species of lefler Offences. 
 
 A Debtor who has given hirnfdf up as a Slave to his 
 Creditor. 
 
 A Writer or Secretary. 
 
 The general Name for Tribes who have no Prohibi- 
 tion with refpetfb to Food. 
 
 A Text of the Sbafier. 
 
 A Throne, or Seat of Dignity. 
 
 A Denial. 
 
 Nandee Mookheh, 
 
 Neeafh, 
 
 ^eedee, 
 
 I^eekbeep, 
 
 l^eeff2tuk-kerm, 
 
 Neefjungp^it, 
 
 Nigher, 
 
 N 
 
 A Ceremony preparative to a Marriage. 
 A Depofit to prevent the Seizure oi Effeds. 
 To find any iofl Article. 
 A Depofit in Confidence. 
 Occafional Worfhip for Holidays. 
 Affault without Bloodlhed. 
 A large City. 
 
 }>Vdah,
 
 ( i8 ) 
 
 Nullah, 
 Nut'kerw, 
 
 A Brook. 
 
 Daily Worlliip* 
 
 Opcokut, 
 
 Opoo-Patuky 
 
 Oulahy 
 
 o 
 
 A voluntary Slave. 
 
 Small Offences. 
 
 A Drug which when beaten up with Oil is ufed as an 
 Ointment for the Hair, by the vulgar Women in 
 BengaU 
 
 Pdan, 
 
 Paddee^ 
 
 Pak-Parijh, 
 
 Paufs, 
 
 Peepul, 
 
 PeJ^teek, 
 
 Peiadac, 
 
 Peipachy 
 
 Perajapnt, 
 
 The Beetle Plant. 
 
 Rice unprepared. 
 
 Fahe Accufation. 
 
 ^ of a Day, or Six Hours* 
 
 A bitter Drug. 
 
 A White Stone, Chrvftal. 
 
 A Guard to accompany a Prilbner at large. 
 
 One of the Three Inferior Modes of Marriao-e. 
 
 One of the Five Superior Modes of Marriage. 
 
 Perajhchut^
 
 ( '9 ) 
 
 Perajhchutj 
 
 Perherja-bejheetj 
 
 Perkeniukkuy 
 
 Perranek Neeay^ 
 
 Pertuhbijh Gunden^ 
 
 Perujlj 
 
 Phau^ooriy 
 
 Plafiy 
 
 Poojeh, 
 
 Poojeh SerJIouttee^ 
 
 Pooran, 
 
 Poojhtee-kernty 
 
 Pccjhteh-bundeey 
 
 Poojkidy 
 
 Pootee, 
 
 Pul, 
 Pim, 
 Pundit, 
 Punjeety 
 
 Puntiibbee- baderiy 
 Purrickbajy 
 
 Expiation, Recovery, 
 
 A Sinajfee made a Slave f^jr Apoftacy. 
 
 A Species of petty Offences. 
 
 Appeal to a former Decifion. 
 
 Acknowledgmentof a Claim without Ability to pay it. 
 
 A fmall Weight or Meafure. 
 
 One of the Bengal Months, anfwering to Part of Fe- 
 bruary and March. 
 
 The Name of a Tree. 
 
 Worfliip. 
 
 Worfliip to SerJIruttee, who i& the Goddefs of Letters. 
 
 One of the Gen too Scriptures upon Hiftory. 
 
 Prayers for Health and Profperity. 
 
 Embankments of Rivers. 
 
 A fmall Weight or Meafure. 
 
 A Book, or Compilation. 
 
 A fmall Weight or Meafure. 
 
 Twenty Gtmdaes of Cowries. 
 
 A learned Bramin. 
 
 A Slave who has loft his Liberty, as a Stake at fome 
 Game. 
 
 A Salute or Reverence paid by aEride to theBridegroom. 
 Aflay of Metals. 
 
 Punikcby
 
 Purrikcb, 
 
 ( 20 ) 
 
 Trial by Ordeal. 
 
 R 
 
 Raj ah ^ 
 RiikbuSy 
 Roy, 
 RoziduS'hiirchy 
 
 R-yot^ 
 
 A Hindoo Prince or Monarch. 
 
 One of the Three Inferior Modes of Marriage. 
 
 A Hindoo Prince. 
 
 Certain Holidays in the Month AJfen^ in which Period 
 the pompous Worfhip and Burial of the Hindoo 
 Deities are celebrated. 
 
 A Tenaoit, a Subjeft. 
 
 Sudheby 
 
 Certain Food and Treatment for Women in the laft 
 State of Pregnancy. 
 
 Sagby 
 
 Vegetables, Greens, 
 
 Smtee-kerm, 
 
 Extraordinary Prayers u 
 
 SauJ, 
 
 A large Timber Tree. 
 
 Seboosy 
 
 Bran. 
 
 Seekhauberdebee, 
 
 Interefl to be paid daily. 
 
 Seemuly 
 
 A Species of Cotton. 
 
 Sejjahy 
 
 A fenced Terras. 
 
 Sery
 
 ( a« ) 
 
 Ser, 
 
 Seradeb, 
 
 Seradeh Amawus, 
 
 Seriideh aperpukh^ 
 
 Sf7'adeh Buzurgzvar, 
 
 Seradeh-nowann^ 
 
 Serwutteree, 
 
 Sefdmum, 
 
 'Sewarree^ 
 
 Shaghur^ 
 
 Shahefh. 
 
 Shaiti 
 
 Shalleet 
 
 Sbanfmty 
 
 Sbafter^ 
 
 Shehhi DeijorCy 
 
 Shebhi Tarecke^, 
 
 Sbeerie-e, 
 
 Sbemahbee^ 
 
 Sbepak^ 
 
 Sbijb, 
 
 An Herb. 
 
 Feafts in Honour of the Dead. 
 
 A Feftival at tlie End of every Month. 
 
 A preparatory Fcftival to the Rczidus-hareh. 
 
 A Feftlval of deceafed Anceftors. 
 
 An Offering made once a Year in the Month Jghuii, 
 
 A Bramin learned in the Beids. 
 
 Muftard. 
 
 All neceffary travelling Equipage, the Suit of a PerPjn 
 of Diftinclion, &:c. 
 
 A Deity of the Gcntoos. 
 
 Violence. 
 
 Bridges or Embankments of Rivers. 
 
 Rice unprepared i the fame as Padded. 
 
 The Language of the Gentoo Scriptures. 
 
 The Gentoo Scriptures in general. 
 
 Nights whereon the Moon does not appear. 
 
 The fame as Sbel^I?i Deijore. 
 
 A certain Part of the Gentoo Scriptures, containing 
 the Legiflation of the Hindoos. 
 
 Games of fighting Animals, &:c. 
 
 A Son of a Kebta and a JVokree, 
 
 A Student in Divinity and Science. 
 
 F Sbiimpertee-putty
 
 ( 
 
 o n 
 
 \ 
 
 Shumpci'tte-putt^ 
 Shu:ihrcj: kunun^ 
 Sinc.Jfes^ 
 Soode'i\ 
 Sooradhiich^ 
 
 Sumooder, 
 Su/t^ferjut-heh^ 
 
 Sunkha^ 
 Sunmid, 
 
 ConfefTion, Acknowlcdgmenr. 
 
 A Species of petty Crimes. 
 
 A Bramin under Vows of Pilgrimage. 
 
 The Foiirch or loweft original Tribe of Gentoos. 
 
 A Mark of Infamv, to be branded in the Forehead 
 of a Bramin^ for drinking Wine. 
 
 The Sea or main Ocean. 
 
 The Connexion of a Family formed after the Firft 
 Separation. 
 
 A Sea Shell, commonly called Cbank. 
 
 A Title Deed, a Grant. 
 
 T-erkarree, 
 
 Tokerie, 
 
 ^okcheb, 
 
 1'urby 
 
 The domeftick Idol of Gentoo Adoration. 
 
 The Species of Gourds. 
 
 A Bafl<Let. 
 
 A Weight, containingTenM<'^j^/'j (?/.S/7ffr and Twelve 
 of Gold. 
 
 Radifhes. 
 
 Vegetables, 
 
 Sour Cream. 
 
 V Vakeeh
 
 ( 23 ) 
 
 Vakeel^ 
 
 An Attorney, or Agent, 
 
 W 
 
 PFokree, 
 
 The Daughter of a ChehUree, begotten upon a Sooder 
 Woman. 
 
 Zeecirut^ 
 Ziikkoom, 
 
 A confecrated Spot of Ground. 
 The Name of a Tree. 
 
 NAMES
 
 ( 94 ) 
 
 NAME 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 HINDOO MONTHS, 
 
 With the correfponding Dates in the EngliJIj Months, 
 for the Bengal Year 1181, or the EngliJIj Year 1774, 
 and Part of 1775. 
 
 Byfclac begins 
 
 the 
 
 nth April, 1774. 
 
 Jeyt 
 
 
 1 2th May. 
 
 4fdr 
 
 
 1 2th June. 
 
 Sdwun 
 
 
 14th July. 
 
 Bhadun 
 
 
 14th Auguft. 
 
 Jfen 
 
 
 14th September. 
 
 Cautic 
 
 
 15th Odober. 
 
 Agljun 
 
 
 14th November. 
 
 Pcos 
 
 
 13th December. 
 
 Maug 
 
 
 nth January, 1775. 
 
 Phaugoon 
 
 
 joth February. 
 
 Cheyt 
 
 
 1 2th March, ending the 30th, with the loth April. 
 
 NAMES
 
 ( 25 ) 
 
 NAMES of AUTHORS, 
 
 Quoted in this Compilation. 
 
 Beebi-dur Tunnagurkar 
 
 Bheb-deeb Bhct 
 
 Chendeefur 
 
 Gerheifur 
 
 Gobind Raje 
 
 Helayoodeh 
 
 Hurree Hur 
 
 Teimoot Bahun^ 
 
 Jogue Logue 
 
 Kulp-teroo 
 
 Lukkee Deher 
 
 Meidhab-tceree 
 
 Pachefhputtee Mifr 
 
 Palook 
 
 Parreejaut 
 
 Perkalhkar 
 
 Phakooree 
 
 Sewarteh Behtacliarige 
 
 Shertee Sh?tr 
 
 Sirree Kiflien Terkalungkar 
 
 Sirree Kerracharige 
 
 Sool Panee 
 
 G A LIST
 
 < ^6 ) 
 
 J\. 1^ I O L 
 
 OF THE 
 
 O O K S 
 
 From whence this P O O T E E was compiled, ranked ia 
 the Order of their feveral Dates, as nearly as could be 
 iifcertained. 
 
 Munnoo, 
 
 Written by Munn&o, — A general Treatife. 
 
 Jaike-bulk, 
 
 Written by Jaike huJk. — A general Treatife, 
 
 Kirte Kiilp-teroo, 
 
 Writteja by Lukkee Deher. — A general Treatife. 
 
 Parcejat, 
 
 l/Vritten by Muddun PareejaL — A general Treatife, 
 
 Bcbadrntnakur, 
 
 Written by Chendecfur.~—\ general Treatife, 
 
 Bebad
 
 { 27 ) 
 
 Bebad Chcntamiinnec, 
 
 Written by Padnjhfuttce Mifr. — h general Treatiic. 
 
 Nect Chentamiinnec, 
 
 Written by P.achefifiinec Mifr, — Upon the Duties of the Magill:rat-c. 
 
 Dhcrum Ruttcn, 
 
 Written by Jdmoot Babun. — Upon Inheritable Property, 
 
 Bubliar Matcreeka, 
 Written by Jelmoot Biibun.— Upon Juftice. 
 
 Bubhar-teilook, 
 
 Written by Bhsh-ded Bhet, — Upon Juftice. 
 
 Deep Kateekau, 
 
 V/ritten by Sool Panee. —A general Treatife, 
 
 Munoo-teeka, 
 
 Written by Moohok Bhct, — A general Treatife^ 
 
 Daie-tutt Unt, 
 
 Written by AchCmge Cheer amunnee. — Upon Inheritable Property. 
 
 Jaike- bulke-teeka. 
 
 Written by Beijkroop.—A general Treatife. 
 
 Perafhchut Bebeik, 
 
 Written by Sod Pdnec^Vpon Retaliation. 
 
 Mirtekher%
 
 '( 28 ) 
 
 Mirtekhera, 
 
 Written bv Mirtekhera Kdr. — A general Treatifc;. 
 
 Dale Tutt, 
 
 Written by Sezvarfeh Bebiacbarige. — Upon Inheritable Propertyc. 
 
 Bubhar Tutt, 
 
 Written by Sewarteh Behtacbarigs. — Upon Juflice^ 
 
 Dayadhe-karee-kcrm Shungerahy, 
 
 Written by Sirrce Kijhen Terkalungkar. — Upon Inheritable PropertVii. 
 
 Dhernm Rutten-teeka, 
 
 Written by Sirree KiJJoen. terkalungkar. — Upon Inheritable Property; 
 
 ' ContcKits
 
 ( 29 ) 
 
 Contents of the Chapters* 
 
 CHAP* I9 
 
 Of Lending and Borrowing , 
 
 Sed. L Of Interefl; 
 
 Sed. II. Of Pledges. 
 
 Std:. III. Of Securities. 
 
 Se6t. IV. Of Difcharging Debts to whomfoever tlue. 
 
 Sedt. V. Of the Method of Recovering Debts. 
 
 CHAP. II, 
 
 Of the Divijion of Inheritable Prope?'ty, 
 
 Sed. I. Of Inheritance from a Father, a Grandfather, a Great- 
 Grandfather, and fuch Kind of Relations. 
 
 H Scft.
 
 SM. n. Of Dividing the Property of a Eerhcmcharry, a SinafTtej. 
 and a Banptruft. 
 
 Seel. III. Of a Vv^'oman's Property,. 
 
 Sefb. IV. Of the Inheritance of a Woman*s Property;. 
 
 Sedl, V. Of Perfons incapable of Inheritance., 
 
 Setft. VI. Of Property liable to Divifion. 
 
 Sed. Vir. Of Dividing Property earned by the ProfefTion of any Arc 
 or Science. 
 
 StS:. VIII. Of Dividing Property earned: by a Man's Sons.. 
 
 Sea. IX. Of Poflimons indivifible, 
 
 Sc^5l. X. Of a Father's Dividing among his Sons the Property earned: 
 by himfelf. 
 
 Sc<5]. XI. Of a Father's Dividing among his Sons the Property left by/ 
 his Fadier and Grandfather, 
 
 Se(5t. XII. Of Sons Dividing the Property left by their Father. 
 
 Sc€t. XIII. Of Dividing the Joint Stock of Perfons, who agree to live- 
 together, after original D;fperfion and Separation of the- 
 Family. 
 
 Seft. XIV. Of a Partner's receiving his Share of the Joint Stock, after- 
 a long Space of Time hath elapfed; alfo of the Inheri- 
 tance of the Sons of aWoman of the Sooder Caft^by Two> 
 different Hufbands; and alfo of adopted Sons. 
 
 SecTt. XV, Of Dividing concealed Effcfts, and of rcdifying unequal 
 Divifions •, and of the Modts of fettling the difputed 
 Shares of Partners. 
 
 Seel.
 
 ( 3» ) 
 
 $c^. XVI. Of Ac(^uiring Right of Pofleflion in the Property of another, 
 by Ufufrud. 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 Of yuftke» 
 
 Se(5t. I. Of the Forms of adminiftering Juftice. 
 
 Sei5l. II. Of Appointing a Vakeel or Attorney. 
 
 Sccl.. III. Of not apprehending an acciifed Party. 
 
 Sf6t. IV. Of Giving an immediate Anfwer to a Complaint.- 
 
 Stdt. V. Of Plea and Anfwer. 
 
 Seel. VI. Of Two Sorts of Anfwers, Proper and Improper^ 
 
 Seft. VII. Of Evidence. 
 
 Sed. VIII. Of Proper and Improper Evidence. 
 
 Seft. IX. Of the Modes of examining WitnefTes. 
 
 Sed. X. Of AppointingArbitrators more than once ; and of the Mode 
 of drawing up the Statement of a Caufe. 
 
 Se(5L XI. Of Giving Preference to a Claim.. 
 
 CHAP..
 
 ( 3^ ) 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 Of Truji or Depoft. 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 Of Selling a Stranger s Property, 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 Of Shares, 
 
 Stdi. I. Of Shares of Trade in Partnerfhip. 
 Sed. II. Of Shares of Artificers. 
 
 CHAP.
 
 ( S3 ) 
 
 CHAP. VIL 
 
 Of Gift. 
 
 CHAP. VIII. 
 
 Of Servitude. 
 
 5«&. I. Of Appellations of Apprentices, Servants, Shye5, &c. 
 
 Seft. II. Of the Modes of enfranchifing Slaves. 
 
 Sefl. III. Of fuch as are Slaves, and of fuch as are not Slaves. 
 
 CHAP. IX. 
 
 OJ Wages* 
 
 "Seel. I. Of the Wages of Servants. 
 
 €e<5]:. II. Of the Waores, of dancing Women or Proflitutes. 
 
 CHAP.
 
 ( 34 ) 
 
 CHAP. X. 
 
 Of Rent and Hire. 
 
 CHAP. XL 
 
 Of Purchafe and Sale, 
 
 Seft. I. Of the Venders not delivering up to the Purchafer the Com- 
 modity fold, and of the Magiftrates caufing him to deliver it^ 
 
 Se6l» II. Of Returning or not Returning Articles purchafed. 
 
 CHAR XII. 
 
 Of Boundaries aiid Limits. 
 
 CHAP.
 
 { 35 ) 
 
 CHAR Xlll 
 
 Of Shares in the Cultmation of Lands* 
 
 CHAP. XIV. 
 
 Of Cities and Towns ^ and of the Fines for Damaging a CropK 
 
 CHAP. XV. 
 
 Of Scandalous and Bitter Exprejftons, 
 
 Sed. I. Of the Denominations of the Crime, 
 Sex5t. IL Of the Punifhment. 
 
 CHAP,
 
 < 36 ) 
 
 CHAP. XVL 
 
 Of Jjfault. 
 
 Se6t. I. Of Affault, and of Preparation to aflault:, 
 Seft. II. Of Cafes where no Fme is taken. 
 Seft, III. Of the Fines for the Death of Animals. 
 
 CHAR XVII. 
 
 Of Theft. 
 
 Se6t. I. Of Theft open and concealed. 
 
 Scd. II. Of the Fines for open Theft.. 
 
 Seft. III. Of the Fines for concealed Theft. 
 
 Seft. IV. Of Apprehending Thieves. 
 
 Stdz. v. Of thofe Perfons who are to be confidered as Thieves. 
 
 Sedl. VI. Of the Chokeydars being unanfvverable for Stolen Goods. 
 
 CHAP.
 
 ( Zl ) 
 
 CHAP. XVIII. 
 
 Of Violence, 
 
 G H A P. XIX. 
 
 Of Adultery, 
 
 Stdi, I. Of the feveral Species of Adultery. 
 
 Scd. II. Of the Fines for the feveral Species of Adultery. 
 
 Sed. III. Of the Fines for Adultery. 
 
 Seft. IV. Of Adultery with an unmarried Girl. 
 
 Sed. V. Of Thrufting a Finger into the Pudendum of an unniarriedGirl. 
 
 Seft. VI. Of Stealing away an unmarried Girl. 
 
 .Scd. VII. Of Adultery with a Woman of bad Charafler, or a common 
 Proftitute. 
 
 Secl.VIII. Of the carnal Conjimflion of a Mm with any other Animal. 
 
 K CHAP. 
 
 84547
 
 ( 38 ) 
 
 CHAP. XX. 
 
 Of what cojicerns Women, 
 
 CHAP. XXL 
 
 Of Sundry Articles^ 
 
 Sea. I. Of Gaming. 
 
 Seft. II. Of Finding any Thing that was lof!;. 
 
 Se6l. III. Of the Fines for cutting Trees. 
 
 Se61:. IV. Of the Tax upon buying and felling Goods. 
 
 Sed. V. Of the Quarrels between a Father and Son. 
 
 Sed, VI. Of Serving unclean Vi6luals. 
 
 Sed. VII. Of the Punilliment to be infiided on a Sooder for reading the 
 Beids. 
 
 Scd. VIII. Of the Properties of Punilliment. 
 
 Sea. IX. Of Adoption. 
 
 Sea. X. Of Sundries. 
 
 PREFACE.
 
 39 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 Account of the Creation. 
 
 THE Principle of Truth, having firfl formed the Earth, and the Heavens^ 
 and the Water, and the Fire, and the Air, produced a Being, called 
 Burmha, the Bcwtah, for the Creation of all Beings (Bcwtcih is that to which 
 all offer their Worfhip) afterwards he created the Bramin from his Mouth, 
 the Chehteree from his Arms, the Bice from his Thighs, and Sooder from his 
 Feet : And he ordered Bunnha to complete the other Creations, and to fettle 
 the feveral Employments refpedively of the Bramin, the Chehteree, the Bice, and 
 the Sooder, that he had created; and he committed the Government of all Beings 
 toBurmha, — Burwha, zccording toOrder, produced in the World Mankind, and 
 Beads innumerable, and Birds, and Vegetables, and all inanimate Things, and 
 Serpents of all Kinds and Varieties, and Piety, and Morality, and Juftice, and 
 Continence, and Lull, and Anger, and Avarice, and Folly, and Arrogance, 
 and Dninkennefs. And whereas the Bramin proceeded from the Mouth of the 
 Principle of Truth, for this Reafon His Rank is the moft eminent; the Cheh- 
 teree fprung from his Arms, his Rank therefore is Second; the Origin of the 
 Bice is from the Thighs, and his Rank is the Third in Eminence; and the 
 Sooder, who fprung from tlie Feet, is therefore the leall in Degree of them all. 
 Burmla^r^ fettled the Occupation of each of thefe Four Tribes; as that the 
 Occupation of the Bramin fiiould be to read the Beids, and other Shajier, and
 
 ( 40 ) 
 
 10 teach the Sk^Jler, and to perform the Jugg and Worfhip ; and to caufe the 
 Performance of the Pccjeh^ i. e. the Worfhip to Dewtahy and of the Jugg by- 
 others-, and to perform and to accept thcA/« (an Explanation of theTermsJw^l" 
 and Dcin ia to be found in the Chapter of Inheritahk Properly :) Among thefe 
 Occupations already defcribed, Three are for their Subfillence and Support; 
 and Three for the Exercife of Piety, as for Inftance, to caufe the Perform- 
 ance of the Pocjeh and Jugg of others,; and to inflru6t Pupils, from whom foms 
 Premium is leceived ; and to accept the Ban: Thefe Tliree Occupations are to 
 be the Source of Subfiflence to the B''amin\ and the other Three Occupations 
 are for the Exercife of his Piety. The Occupations of the Chehteree are to learn 
 the Sciaices, to perform the Pccjeh and Jugg^ to perform theZ)/7«, and, arming 
 );imfe]f with the Implements of War, to defend and fecure thtReyots; and for 
 his Subfillence, the Ckehtcree fhall ferve in the Defence of the Reyots\ the other 
 Three Occupations are for Exercifes of Piety to the Chehteree, To the Bice 
 alfo, it was enjoined to learn the Sciences, and to perform the Dan and the Jugg\ 
 ^nd befides this, to him was permitted Commerce, and the tending of Cattle, 
 and Agriculture; the Acquifition of Science, and the Performance of the 
 T>an and Jugg^ are for the Advancement of his eternal Happinefs; and Com- 
 merce, and the lending of Cattle and Agriculture, are for his Liveliliood. The 
 Tribe of Seeder fliall be Servants to the Bramin, the Chehteree, and the Bice. 
 
 If a Branin cannot procure a Subfiflence by the Exercife of his own ap- 
 pointed Occupations, he lliall earn a Livelihood by applying to tlie Occupa- 
 tions of the Chehteree: If alfo he fails to acquire a Subfiilence from the Oc- 
 cupations of the Chehteree^ he fiiall exercife thofe of the Bice; but of thofe Oc- 
 cupations, he Hi.ill firft apply to the tending of Cattle, and to Commerce; if 
 from thofe alio, he cannot earn his Support, he fhall then betake himfelf to 
 Agriculture. If a Brcmin applies himfelf to Commerce, he fnall not fell either 
 jS^k, or any x^racles of Sweet, or of Bitter, or of Aftringenr^ or of Acid, or 
 
 Vidual.c,
 
 ( 41 ) 
 
 ■Vidluals, or Stones, or Iron, or Animals, or Men, or Red Cotton Cloth, or Silk 
 Pieces, or Blankets, or other Species of the fame Kind made of Sheeps Wool, 
 or Camphire and other Aromaticks, or iJoney, or Water, or PoiPjn, or Flefli, 
 or Milk, or 'Tyer (Sour Crc^am) or Ghce^ or bitter Oil, or Sefamum, or the Grais 
 Kofe (which is a particular Species of Grafs) or Bird% or Wine, or Fifli, or 
 Wax; but the Sejamum^ if it be produced in Land belonging to the Bramin^ he 
 may fell on the fame Day that it is cleared from the Hulk. The Cbehteree^ if 
 he cannot fubfift by his own proper Occupations, fliall exercife thofe of th^ 
 Bice-, and if the Bice fails of a Subfifbence from his own Occupations, he (liall 
 "apply to thofe of the Soodcr \ and if the Sooder fails of a Livelihood, he fliall 
 apply to Painting, or to Needle- Work, or fome other fuch Employment : In 
 this Manner are their feveral Occupations divided and diilin2;uifl-ied from each 
 other. — For fome Period after the Creation of the World, iheie v/as neither 
 Magiftrate nor Punilliment •, and no Man committed Crimes, or exercifed In- 
 juftice and Oppreflion upon his Fellow Creatures; and the Reycts were nourifhed 
 with Piety and Morality; but, in procefs of Time, Lufb and Anger, and Ava- 
 rice, and Folly, and Arrogance, and Drunkennefs, became fo predominant over 
 the feveral Members of Men, that with-holding them from Aiflions of Piety, 
 they became the Guides to all Wickednefs ; and Men employed themfelves in 
 all Occupations of Debauchery and Iniquity, and ailumed die Licentioufnefs 
 of eating Things forbidden them to eat, and of uttering Words forbidden 
 them to utter; no Man regulated his Aftions in conformity to the Beid';^ nor 
 walked in any Path but that of Sin. When fuch Iniquities firfl began in the 
 World, ^z/rw/yz having refleded within himfelf, and having written in the Sbnjlcr 
 the Means for thelmprovement of Mankind, and theBufmefs of the Magiftrate, 
 and the feveral Duties of the Bramijt, the Chehteree^ the Bice^ and the Socder, and 
 the Proportions ofPunifhment to be inflifted onOffenders by the Magiftrate, and 
 all other Affairs and Concerns, ifTued his Command to a Man named Reiroojd, 
 a Chehterce, to afiume the Magiftracy, and to proted the Reyots, and to punifli 
 the Guilty, according to the Ordinations of the Sbafier, to the end that Men 
 
 L m.ight
 
 ( 4^- ) 
 
 mhht not have the Power of committing Injuftice and Violence upon each other. 
 Beircojct, not conl'fnting to accept the Mngiflracy, left his Son Keiroot-man^ and 
 himlclf fltd into the Defarts, to pay his Adorations to the Principle of Truth: 
 In the lame Manner alfo Keiroct-man left his own Son, by Name Kerdum^ and 
 himklf took the Patli of Adoration-, /CdTiuw? alfo, leaving his own Son, by 
 Name Animg^ Jiaftened to the Way of Truth; Anung^ the Son oilierdum^ be* 
 coniing the Magiltrate, for fome Time regulated his Actions in conformity to 
 xhtShdjler: Aftcrwh'ichNeii-mafi his Son took upon him the Magiilracy and the 
 Government; a Son was born toNcii-mdn^ by Name 5^/«, in whom every Sign 
 of an inhuman Difpoficion plainly appeared; as for Inftance, during his Child- 
 hood, at the Tmie of Play, he would bind the Children Hand and Foot, and 
 throw them into deep Rivers, and would break Mens Pitchers, and employ 
 liimfelf in all fuch Kind of foolifli and unworthy Occupations ; the Reyots of 
 the Kingdom, defponding under his Injuftice and Oppreflion, came before his 
 Father, who was the Magiftrate, and folicited Redrefs; the Father on hearing 
 this Account of the eternal Injuftice and perpetual Innovations of his Son, and 
 not being able to reftrain him, departed into the Defart: The Kingdom being 
 thus left without a Magiftrate, the ^r^;;?/;^ conftltuted Bein to the Magiftracy: 
 This unworthy Perfon, thus becoming the Magiftrate, ifTued a Proclamation 
 throughout his Kingdom, that no Man fliould perform the Jog-^, or the Poojeb, 
 or any fuch Works of Piety; and that whoever executed J uftice fliould receive 
 fevere Punilhment: Upon this Intelligence xht Brmnins went to him, and gave 
 him many Sermons of Advice, and manyLedlures of Admonition, telling him, 
 " that the Duty of a Magiftrate was to caufe Exercifes of Piety to be performed 
 throughout his Kingdom; and that he who caufed any Obftru6lion or Oppoli- 
 tion to Good Works would go to Gehennum ; and that if the Magiftrate did not 
 proted and comfort the Reyots, it would be the Caufe of his Kingdom's De- 
 llru(St:ion. If the Magiftrate dcferts the Exercife of Piety, Flow can it be. that 
 ih^Reyots ftiould employ themfelves in good Ad:ions? In that Cafe, Men will take 
 the PoflcfTions and Wives of each other. A Kingdom with an unjuft Magif- 
 trate,,
 
 ( 43 ) 
 
 trate, and a Kingdom without a Magiftrate, are fimilar to each other ; and a 
 Kingdom where Works of Iniquity are pra6liled, and where the Pocjcb and 
 Worlhip are not performed, fuch a Kingdom is as if it were without a Magif- 
 trate j as for Inftance, a Man of the Chehieree Caft commits Adultery with a 
 Woman of the Bramin Caft, and a Bramin with a Woman of the Chchteree\ and 
 in the fameManner all theCafts unite with each other promifcuouflyi and from 
 the Conjunction of Two different Cafts proceeds the Tribe of Burrun Swiker -, 
 and that there fhould be a Burrun Sunker is criminal; it is better therefore to 
 defill from thcfe impiousPraftices." 5^/;zanfwered, " ThefeyourAdmonitions 
 are not profitable for me, neither do 1 approve of thefe Speeches •, let us fee, 
 fmce the Tribe of Burrun Sunker is produced, what its Religion and Manners 
 muft be; the Bramins affli<5led and difgufted departed to their own Habitations; 
 and that oppreHive Magiflrate, fending for a Woman of the Bramin Cafl, had 
 carnal Connexion with her, and from thence a Son was born; and in the fame 
 Manner, from the Conjunction of Men of one Tribe with Women of a differ- 
 ent Tribe, many Sons and manyDaughters came into Exiflence ; and from the 
 Connexion of a Man of the Bice with a Woman of the Socder Cafb, the Child 
 that was born, his Tribe is called Kerrum or Koit ; and from a Man of the 
 Bramin and aWoman of the Bice Caft fprung the Tribe oi Amhujljt ov Bade, and 
 Kundeh-beneik or Druggifts, and the Tribe of Kunkar or Artificers in Kafeh^ 
 and Kafeh is a Mixture of Copper and Arzeez; and the Tribe of Sunkahkar or 
 Artificers in Sunkah (or Sea Shells) and the Women wore Sunkhah upon their 
 Hands; thefe Four Tribes were produced : And from a Man of the Cheh- 
 •teree and a Woman of the Socder Caft fprung the Tribe ofOkeree, and the Tribe 
 of Ilejam (Barbers) and the Tribe of Afoduck, i. e. Sellers of Candy, were de- 
 rived; and from a Man of the Sooder and a Woman of the Chehteree Calt fprung 
 the Tribe of Koinhehkar, i. e. Keial or Fouevs, and the Tribe oiTunierba, i. e. 
 Weavers, and theTribe ofGbermkcir, i.e. Smiths, and theTribe of Do/}; and from 
 a Man of the Bice and a Woman of the Chehteree Caft are derived the Tribe of 
 Migdehy i. e. Fortune- Tellers, and the Tribe oi Kcop; and from a Man of the 
 
 Bramiji,
 
 ( 44- ) 
 
 Bramin and a Woman of the Boeder Caft is fprung the Tribe of Barjelec^ i. e. 
 Berree; and from a Man of the Chehteree and a Woman of the Bram'Di Caft the 
 Tribe of Soot and Malakar, i, e. Sellers of Flowers; and from, a Man of the 
 Bice and a Woman of the Scoder Caft fprung the Tribe ofTazvIeek or Tiilee, and 
 Tuwl'oolee (Panfellers.) Thefe Tribes are of the Firft Rank among the Tribes 
 of til e Bwrun Stinker. 
 
 From a Man of the Kerrun and a Woman of the Bice Caft fprung the Tribe 
 of Tukkcb)\}b, i. e. Carpenters, and the Tribe of Rujuk, or Wafliers ; and from 
 a Man of the Jrahupt and a Woman of the Bice Caft the Tribes of Sberrunkar, 
 or Goldfmiths, and of Shoherun-hencik, or Soonar Bnneeah\ and from a Man 
 of the Koop and a Woman of the Bice Caft were derived the Tribes of 'Teilkar^ 
 i. e. Sellers of Oil, and oi Abheir\ and from a Man of \.\^^lioop and a Woman 
 of the Soodcr Caft fprung tlie Tribe of Dheiher or Julja^ and the Tribe of 
 Shoondruk or Soondrie; and from a Man of the Malakar and a Woman of the 
 Sooder Caft fprung the Tribe of l^att or Dancers, and the Tribe of Sharuk; 
 and from a Man of the Ma^deh and a Woman of the Sooder Caft arofe the 
 Tribes o^ Seeker and Jaleik. Thefe Tribes bear the middle Rank of the Tribes 
 of the Burrun Sunker. 
 
 From a Man of the Goldfmith and a Woman of the Ambujht Caft fprung 
 the Tribe of Mulukerrhee, and from a Man of the Shoherunheneik and aWoman 
 of the Bade Caft fprung the Tribe of Koorooha;-2ind from a Man of the Soodsr 
 and a Woman of the Bramin Caft was derived the Tribe of Chendal; and from 
 a Man of the Abheir and a Woman oi x.\\(:Koop Caft fprung the Tribe of Beroor-, 
 and from a Man of the Abheir and a Woman of the Bice Caft was propagated 
 the Tribe ofTukkeh, and Cbermkcir, i. e. Shoemakers; and from a Man of the 
 Rujuk and a Woman of the Bice Caft fprung the Tribe of Keht Jeibenee, i. e, the 
 Tribe of Putnee; and from a Man of the Caft of Oil-Seller and a Woman of 
 the Eice Caft came the Tribe of Doola-bahee j and from a Man of the Dheiber and 
 
 a Woman
 
 '( 45 ) 
 
 a Woman of the Sooder Cad arofc the Tribe of AluII, Thefe Tribes are of the 
 lad Rank amono; the Tribes of the Burrun Stinker, 
 
 'O 
 
 Keroor is the Name of a Bird. Keroor, having brought a Man from Shakud 
 Deep, caft him down upon Jumboo Deep, i. e. this WorJd ; that Tribe is called 
 Dciool i and there are Seven Dceps^ viz. 
 
 Jumbco Beep, 
 ■Pulkhoo Deep, 
 Shoolmeloo Deep, 
 Koojhiid Deep, 
 KerG07ichud Desp, 
 •Shakud Deep^ 
 Poq/hkerud Deep, 
 
 The Explanation of Deep is this : Deej> fignifies Land -, and on every Side 
 of each Deep is the Sumooder, or Main Ocean ; and the Length and Breadth of 
 this Deep, which is called Jumboo, is One Hundred Thoufand of Joojim, or 
 Four Hundred Thoufand Cofi ; and the Length and Breadth of the Second 
 Deep, is twice as much as that of this Deep -, and that of the Third Deep, Four 
 Times as much ; and that of the Fourth, Eight Times as much ; and that of 
 the Fifth, Sixteen Times as much ; and that of the Sixth, Thirty-two Times 
 •as much •, and that of the Seventh, Sixty-four Times as much. And from a 
 Man of the Deiool, and a Woman of the Bice Caft was derived the Tribe of 
 Gung, or Aftronomers, and the Tribe of Baduk, i. e, the Tribe of Bditee, and 
 -the Tribe of Poolund, and the Tribe oi Powukkujh, and the Tribe oi Kehjlo, and 
 the Tribe of Jebun, and the Tribe of Shookeh, and fuch Kind of Tribes, called 
 Miduch-; Nhluch are fuch Tribes as eat forbidden Food, and to whom per- 
 mitted and forbidden Meats are equal : Thefe fprung from the Members of 
 the ty tannic k Bein, 
 
 M The
 
 ( 46 ) 
 
 The Bramins, upon Intelligence of all this, execrating the opprefTive Magif- 
 
 tratewith internal Hatred, put him to Death : When the Kingdom was thus 
 
 without a Magiftrate, the Bramins rubbed his two Hands, and from his Right- 
 
 Hand produced a Son, by Name Pert-hoo, armed and drefled in the Arms amd 
 
 Habiliments of War, and well ikilled in the Science of War, and a Pundit in the 
 
 Shcijler, and in Forni and Shape like to the 'Dezi-tah\ and from his l. eft-Hand 
 
 they ralfed a Daughter, and this Daughter they married to Pert-hoo^ and railed 
 
 him to the Magiftracy^ and Pcrt-hoo was very juft, and protected his Subjedls, 
 
 and carefTed the peaceable, and puniilied the opprefiivc, and behaved withRefpe(5]; 
 
 and Regard towards the Bramins^ and employed himfelf laudably in all fuch 
 
 Kind of good Acl:ions, in confonnicy to the Shajler : Then all the People, 
 
 both great and mean, v/ere employed in Works of Piety, and the Kingdom 
 
 enjoyed Comfort and Tranquillity. The B-r'amins^ having exprefled their Praifes 
 
 and Approbation, took their leave. Pert-hoo^ fulfilling the Offices of Fidelity 
 
 and good Intention, governed the Kingdom with Juftice and Equity, but his 
 
 Mind remained embarrafll'd and uneafy ; v/hcrefore he fummoned the Bramins^ 
 
 and inquired of them, fiying, *■• I exercHe the Magiftracy, and protect the 
 
 RcyotSy according to thL* Sbajler •, tell me therefore, What is the Caufe that my 
 
 Mind is diilurbed, and why are the Rcyots of the Kingdom in Poverty r*' 
 
 The Bramins anfwered, " Your F^ather carried Injuilice and Works of Iniquity 
 
 to the lad Extremity; infomuch thit the Tribes of 5«rn^;z »S//«^cT originate 
 
 ■fromhiin: And whereas he would liften to none of the Cautions that were 
 
 given him -, from the Enormity of his Crimes, the Kingdon:i is become ripe 
 
 for Dilbbedience *, <d\\ this Account, the Fruits of the Earth are produced in 
 
 Itfs rUnty, and the Reyots zSio ?iXZ ftricken with Poverty •, and this likewifw 
 
 is the Caufe of the Vexations of your noble Difpofition." Peri hoo^ on hear- 
 
 " ing this Account, laid to the Bra?nins, " Now, therefore. How fhall I aft, and 
 
 what Remedy can I apply to this ? Shall I put the Tribes of Burrun Sunker 
 
 to Death ? Tell me what is mofl advifable." The Bramins, upon Con- 
 
 fultation.
 
 r 4-7 ) 
 
 fliltation, and mutual Confent among themfelves, replied, *' The Tribes of 
 Burrun Sunker^ fuch as they now are, let them remain ; And be it cautioufl/ 
 obferved, and provided for, that, exckifive of thefe, no other new Tribes of 
 Biirrun Surtker may be produced. It is not right to put thefe to Death •, but 
 you mufl appoint them their feveral Occupations, and dired them to the 
 Exercife of Piety -, neither fliall they be dilubedient to your Commands r 
 Whofoever controverts your Orders fhall be accounted criminal, and 
 worthy of Death : A.(5t therefore as your Underftanding direfts." This 
 juft Magiftrate therefore fummoned all the Tribes of Burrun Sunker before 
 him, and faid to them, " Wherefore are your Forms fo vile ; your Bodies fo 
 emaciated and difgufting ; your Cloaths fo inconvenient, fo coarfe and fo 
 ragged ?" They anfvvered, " What Manner of Speech is this ? Our Forms 
 are the fartheft from vile ; and our Drefs is elegant ; and our Bodies are plump 
 and healthy : Are you not pofTcfled of Sight ? Our Origin is from the Prac- 
 tices of your Father ; Burmha^ is not of fuperior Rank to us." The Brnmins, 
 who were in the Magiftrate's Prefence, fmilcd at thefe ExprefTions j but the 
 juft Mag'iftrate was incenfed at the Speeches of thefe diforderly Wretches -, and 
 the Servants, according to his Order, b)ound and beat them. Tlie Tribes of 
 Burrun Sunker, now reduced to Extremity, fought for Pity, and implored 
 Pardon for their Offences, faying, " We will be obedient to your Commands ; 
 aft therefore as to you lliall feem moft proper^ to change our vile and wretch- 
 ed Appearance to Neatnefs and Elegance : Appoint us alfo our Occupations ; 
 and fettle our Burrun^ or Peculiarity, and Property of Tribes." Pcri-hco^ upon 
 this, addreffcd himfelf to the5r^;;;/;/j, faying, "You are P^/?^///, and learned. 
 and wife ; conftitute therefore to each of thefe, according to thtir feveral Abi- 
 lities, an Occupation and a Tribe." In Obedience to the Order of tliisjuffe 
 Magiftrate, the Bramins f lid to them, " You are of the Cafts of Socder ; let 
 each Perfon among you declare what Employment he is willing to exercife." 
 On hearing this, the Tribe of Kerrun firft ftepped forth, and addrcffed them> 
 -faying, " We are altogether ignorant and foclifh j what Petition can we 
 
 make.
 
 ( 4« ) 
 
 Tnalce in tliis Cafe ? But you, who are Pundits^ make proper Inveftlgation, and 
 fettle accordingly." The Bramins then made known to thejuft Magiftrate, that 
 '^ This Pcrfon will become of foundUnderftanding, and of laudable Principles i 
 he has fpoken with great Propriety. Tliis Tribe Ihall perform the Service of 
 thcMagiftrate, and Iliall have due Faith in the Bramins, and in the Dewtah; and 
 of the SocdiT Cafts this Tribe fliall be the Firll in Rank." The Bramins then 
 faid to Kerruny " Do you exercife the Profeflion of Writing and Reading; and 
 £nd Employment in the Service of the Magiftrate." Next ftood up the Tribe 
 of AniluJJjt, to whom was given the Shajier of Phyfick. Afterwards came 
 Kundeh-heneik,x.Q Jiim was allotted the Occupation of Druggift. Then appeared 
 the Tribe of Kunkur, to him it was allotted to makeVefTcls of Brafs, and Kafeb, 
 and Copper, and all fuch Kind of Things, Next appeared the Tribe of 
 JStmkebkar, to whom it was given to work in Sunkhu or Sea Shells. Afterwards 
 came the Tribe of Ookeree, to ham was allotted the Occupation of War. Then 
 !the Tribe oi Hejamy to whom Hejamut or the Profeflion of Barber was configned. 
 Kext came the Tribe of Moduk, into his Hands was put the Preparation of 
 Confectionary. After thofe the Tribe of Kooinhehkar, to whom was appointed 
 the Bufinefs of making eanhen VefTels. Then came the Tribe of Tunterbuy to 
 weave Cloth became his Occupation. Next appeared Ghermkar, the Formation 
 of all Inftruments of Iron became his Employment. After that came the Tribe 
 of Magdih^ to whom the Bramins faid, " Do you make War yourOccupation." 
 They anfwercd, " W-e are not able to follow the Employment of War ; except 
 jhis, order us whatever Occupation you choofe." The Bramins returned Anfwcr, 
 *' You fliall then difplay the Charaders and good Qualities of the People, 
 and fhall write the fame, and carry it about from Kingdom to Kingdom, and 
 give Intelligence ; Defcription ftiall be your Employment." Then came the 
 Tribe oi'Kocpy his Employment was appointed to take care ofAccompt Books. 
 Afterwards came the Tr.be of Berree, to whom it was allotted to raife the Pdan 
 ,cf B-ctle Pknt. Afterwards appeared the Tribe of Rujfocf, the Care of Horfes 
 
 became
 
 ( 49 ) 
 
 became his Employ. Next flood forth the Tribe of Malakar, to fell Flowers 
 became his Occupation. I'hen came the Tribe of ^azvleek, to fell the Beetk-- 
 Nut became his Employ. Afterwards appeared the Tribe of Tumhoolee^ his 
 Occupation it became to fell the Beetle Plant. Then came the Tribe ot 
 ^itkkehyah^ to him it was allotted to cutWood and to fplitTfmber, and to prepar" 
 all Manner of Articles in Wood. Next came the Tribe of Rujuk, to him was 
 appointed the Employment of Sewing Cloaihs. Then came the Tribe of SbeV' 
 r««^^r,tohimwas given to makejewellery. Next appeared theTribs ofShool-erun- 
 heneik^ to him was allotted the Occupation ot' Perrikhaje^ or Trial of Gold and 
 Silver. Then came the Tribe of Teilkar^ to whom it was given to make and to 
 fell Oil. Afterwards appeared theTribe of D/'^/i^^t, whofe Occupation it became 
 to catch Fifh. Then the Tribe of N'atl, whole Occupation it became to dance. 
 Afterwards the Tribe ofChendai appeared, the Occupation of feedmg Dogs and 
 Afles was given to it; and its Habitation fliall be without theTown, and it fliall 
 take the Cloaths of dead Perfon.% and fhall caft out the Bodies of fuch as die 
 •without Heirs-, and whomfoever the Magiflratc orders to be put to Death, this 
 Tribe fliall put the condemned Perfon to Death accordingly. Next came the 
 Tribe of Chermkar^ working in Leather was appointed for its Occupation. 
 Next came the Tribe o^ JSIujoomee^ the Jooteefe or Shajler of Aftroncmy was given 
 to it for an Employ. Then ftood up the Tribe of Bdduk, Drum-beating, and 
 Playing on otherMufical Inftruments, was given to it for an Occupation. Next 
 came the Tribe of Powukkufb, to him was given the Employment of flaying wild 
 Beafts. 
 
 All this preceding Explaftaiio?i is to make manifefl the Reafon of the firfl 
 Inftitution of the Shajter^ and the Caiife of the Superiority of one Tribe over 
 another. 
 
 The feveral Indian Words, which are adopted in this Account of the Creation, 
 except the Appellations of the Tribes of the Eurrun Sunker^ are all explained in 
 •the different Chapters and Sedions where they occur. 
 
 N Account
 
 ( 50 ) 
 
 Jlccoiint of the ^alities requijlte for a Magifirate^ and of 
 
 his E7nployme?tt, 
 
 PROVIDENCE created the Magiftrate for the Guardianfhip of all. 
 The Magiftrate mufl not be confidered as a mere Man ; even in the Cafe of 
 the Magiftrate being a Child, he muft ftill be looked upon in the Light of the 
 Dewtah; in Truth, the Magiftrate is the B&wtah in a human Form, born in this 
 World: The Magiftrate muft never be held low and contemptible-, if anyPerfon 
 conceives the Magiftrate to be mean and abje^fl, fuch Perfon the Magiftrate 
 deftroys, together with all his Effeds and Property -, and to whomfoever the 
 Magiftrate behaves with Refped and Kindnefs, fuch Perfon's Effe6ls and Pro- 
 perty become extenfive; and againft whomfoever he is enraged, that Perfon- 
 diesi and whoever vilifies and abufes the Magiftrate fports with his own Life. 
 Providence created Punifliment for the Prefervation of the Magiftracy \ if the 
 Magiftrate infl:6ts Punifhment according to x.\\*tShafia\ his Subjects are obedient 
 to his Commands •, if he omits to punifti according to the Shajier^ his Kingdom 
 and his Property become ruined and defolate. 
 
 For Four Months the Magiftrate ftiall not colle6l Tribute from the Sub- 
 jects, but ftiall give them free Agency; and endeavour, by promoting their Sa- 
 fisfaflion and Content, to caufe them to cultivate and improve their Lands: 
 During the remainingEight Months, he ftiall colled the fettled yearlyTribute •, 
 and fhall appoint Hircarrahs and Spies through his Kingdom, to infped what 
 Employment each Perfon purfues, and if Tranquillity is preferved-, and when 
 Men are guilty of Crimes, he ftiall caufe them to be feized; and, becoming as 
 inexorable as the Kingdom of Death, ftiall infiid Punifliment on them : Such 
 -good Works let the Magiftrate pradife; and let him addrefs the People in kind 
 ■and aftccT:ionate Terms, that they may all be contented and thankful under him ; 
 
 and
 
 ( S' ) 
 
 and let him be fo formidable, that his Enemy may not be able to come into 
 his Prefence; let him alfo be patient and forbearing, and fiipport the Burthens 
 of all his People. 
 
 The Magiftrate fhall caufe to be made for himfelf a round Chat-her, orUm- 
 brella of the Feathers of the Bird Lut^ or of Peacocks Feathers. 
 
 Whoever is of laudable Principles and acute Judgment, and of good 
 A(5tions, and of right Opinions, and a Man of Rank, and of Courage, and a 
 Commender of what is laudable, and with whom the Reyots are contented, and 
 who is defcended from a Father and Anceftors, who were Counfellors to the 
 Magiftrate, of fuch Perfons the Magiftrate fliall conftitute Seven or Eight 
 Counfellors to himfelf. 
 
 Whoever has Memory to retain what he hears, and who fpeaks fo intelli- 
 gibly that no Doubt of his Meaning ariies in his Audience, and who is a Man 
 of good Adions, and not of profligate Habits, and who keeps in Subjeclion 
 his Luft, his Anger, his Avarice, his Folly, his Drunkennefs, and his Pride, 
 and is a Man well inftnided in Science, fuch Perfon the Mjgiftrate Ihall con- 
 ftitute his Leekhuk ov Mconjhi^ and Writer. 
 
 Whoever is of laudable Principles, and very capable in all the Shajicr^ and 
 in Bufmefs, and who can underftand the Meaning of a Nod or a Sign, and who 
 can difcern from the Motion of the Magiftrate's Lips, or the Alpcdi; of his 
 Countenance, the Magiftrate's Pleafure or Dilpleafure, and who is refpedtabie 
 before all others, and who can well finifli whatever Buftnefs he goes upon, and 
 who can retain any Speech that he hears, and who is not governed by Luft, 
 or Anger, or Avarice, or Folly, or Drunkennefs, or Pride, and who is ac- 
 quainted with the different Circumftances of all Kingdoms, and can diftinguifti 
 proper from improper Seafons, and who is a Man of Strength, of Courage, and 
 
 a iiue]i£ .
 
 ( 52 ) 
 
 •a fluent Sj>eaker, fuch Perfon the Ma^iftrate iliall appoint his Bool, i. e. his 
 Aoent and Ilircarrah. 
 
 The Map^iilrate fliall ered a flronp; Fort in the Phice where he choofes to 
 relide-, and ihall build aWall on all the Four Sides of theFort,withTowers and 
 Battlements i and fliall make a full Ditch on all the Four Sides thereof, and fliall 
 haveWater near it, that, at the Time of Neceflity, when the Water fails in all 
 the Nulldhsy the Ditch may be completely full; and he fhali plant Trees 
 within the Fort, and he (hall have within the Fort many Troops of Horfe and 
 Foot to guard the fame, and great Store of Arms, and much Money, and 
 many Things of all Kinds; and Store of Vjcftuals and Drink, and Horfes, and 
 "Elephants, and Camels, and Cattle, and all Beads of Burthen in great Plenty; 
 and he Ihall keep there great Stores of Hay; and ma.ny Bramins, andPainters, and 
 Smiths, and all other Kind of Artificers ; and all Sorts ofMufical Inftruments 
 alfo Ihall be kept within the Fort; and he Ihall caufe great Pools to be made: 
 It is to be underftood, that there fhould be Store of all Kinds of Things laid up 
 within the Fort, that there may never be the Complaint of a Want of anyThing. 
 
 The Magiflrate fhallkeep in Subjection tohimfclf his Lufl, Anger, Ava- 
 rice, Folly, Drunkennefs, and Pride : He who cannot keep thefe PafTions under 
 his own Subjection, How Ihall he be able to nourifh and protect the People ? 
 T^either fliall he be feduced by the Pleafures of the Chafe, nor be perpetually 
 addidled to Play ; nor miuft he be always employed in dancmg, finging, and 
 playing on Mufical Inftruments ; nor mull he fleep in the Day-time; nor Ihall 
 he falfely accufe any Perfon ; nor fliall he always remain concealed in his 
 private Apartments ; nor pra6life the drinking of Wine ; nor fliall he go to 
 any Place without a Caufe ; and fliall not difpraife any Perfon without knowing 
 his Faults ; nor fliall he caufe any Moleftation to Men of Worth ; nor fliall he 
 put any Perfon to Death by artful and deceitful Pradlices; nor fliall he take avay 
 ihe Property of any Perfon j nor fliall he envy another Perfon's fuperior Merit ; 
 
 nor
 
 ( S3 ) 
 
 tior fliall lie fay, that fuch PciTons as arc Men of CapAc'ty arc Men of no^ 
 Capacity j nor fliall he abufe any Perfon •, and fhall not hold anyPcrlbn guilty, 
 without the Commiflion of a Crime. 
 
 To the good Man, the Magiftratc fiiall give EfTccls and Money, and Hiall 
 content and pleafe Children, and old Men, and Men inWant, and Men who are 
 worthy to perform Worlhip, by fpeaking kindly to them, and by giving them^ 
 Money ; and to fuch Perfons as feek Defence from him, he fliall fliew Favour 
 and Comfort, and fliall preferve them under the Shadov/ of his Protcdtion, 
 and fliall not take Bribes from them ; and fiiall nourifla the Reyois of his King- 
 dom, according to the Ordinations of the Shajler \ and fliall inflidt a prop.r 
 Punifliment upon his Enemies \ and fliall not cherifli any Rcfentment in his 
 Heart againd his Friends, but be of pure and clean Intentions; and in all Cafes, 
 he fliall fpare and excufe the Bramins \ and if any Pcrfon, either his Superior or 
 his Equal, or his Inferior in Strength, comes to make war againfl; him, in the 
 Prefence of fuch Perfon, the Magifl:rate mufl: not fail of Courage. 
 
 The Magifl:rate fliall not make war with any deceitful Machine, or with 
 poifoned Weapons, or with Cannon and Guns, or any other Kind of Fire 
 Arms ; nor fliall he flay in War a Perfon born an Eunuch, nor any Perfon who, 
 putting his Hands together, fupplicates for Qiiarter, nor any Perfon v/ho has 
 no Means of Efcape, nor any Man who is fitting down, nor any Pcrfon who 
 fays, " I am become of your Party," nor any Man who is afleep, nor any Man 
 who is naked, nor any Perfon who is not employed inWar, nor any Perfon who 
 is come to fee the Battle, nor any Perfon who is fighting with another, nor any 
 Perfon whofe Weapons are broken, nor any Perfon v/ho is wounded, nor any Per- 
 fon who is fearful of the Fight, nor any Perfon who runs away from the Battle. 
 
 If a Man hath taken in a Battle any Carriage, or Elephants, or Horfes, or 
 Camels, or Kine, or Buffaloes, or Goats, or Sheep, or any fuch Kind of Beafts, 
 
 O . or
 
 ( 5+ ) 
 
 or Piidclee, or Wheat, or Barley, or Gram, or Muftard Seed, or fnch Kinds of 
 Seed and Grain, or Umbrellas, or Cloaths, or Salt, or Sugar, he fliall become 
 Poilcflbrof them all; and if he hath taken, as a Prize, Gold or Silver, or Jewels, 
 or Lands, all fuch Things fliall belong to the Magiflrate. 
 
 The Magiftrate, at the Time of Battle, fliall receive, from his Hircarrahs 
 and Spies, Intelligence of the Adverfary, and of his own Party, and of what is 
 their immediate Employment; if his Coimfellors and other Men are diflieart- 
 ened, then, by giving them Effects and Money, or by fpeaking kindly and com- 
 fortably to them, he fhall endeavour to raife their Spirits. 
 
 The Magiftrate fhall firfl attempt with his Enemy Accommodations of 
 Peace, and fliall not at once prepare for War-, if the Enemy does not make a 
 Compofition, then, by difVurfing fome Money, he fliall fhew iheWay to a Recon- 
 ciliation ; if the Enemy is difcontented with this alfo, he fhall fend to the adverfe 
 Party a Man of Intelligence, and well fkilled in Artifice, to infinuate himfelf 
 among the Enemy's Men, and make them diffatisfied with each other, that they 
 may quarrel and fight among themfclves, and fo be ruined; if the Affair fails 
 alio of being compromifed by thefe Means, he mufl then prepare for Battle. 
 
 Whenever the Army and the Implements of War are abundant, and the 
 Counfellors contented and unanimous, then let them go to the Battle. 
 
 Whenever, the Counfcllors and Troops are contented, and in Spirits, and 
 the Enemy has made biK lit:le Preparation, and the Troops and Counfellors 
 of the Enemy are dilTatisfied, then kt them go to the Balile. 
 
 When the Enemy's Preparations are formidable, and your own Prepara- 
 tions are fcanty, tlien you mud divide your Army into Two Parts ; and, by 
 attacking the Enemy in Two Places, you fliall obtain the Vldory. 
 
 When
 
 ( 55 ) 
 
 When the Enemy Is vidorious, and yourfelf defeated, Protection mii ft be 
 fought from fuch Perfon as is of a right Judgment, and of a peaceable Difpo- 
 fition. 
 
 The Leader of the Army fliall keep a cautious Watch on all Sides ; and on 
 whatever Side the Enemy approaches, he fhall on that Quarter go to Battle. 
 
 The Magiftrate, whatever Province he fhall conquer, and annex to his own 
 Authority, fhall pay Worfnip to the Dew tab of that Country, and fhall give 
 much EfFedls and Money to the Bramins of that Province, and fhall fhew Re- 
 fped and Courtefy to Men of good Anions, and Kindnefs and Clemency to 
 the Subjedls there, and Ihall appoint whomfoever there fhall happen to be de- 
 fcended from the fame Grandfather with the Perfjn whom he has conquered, 
 to the Magiftracy of that Province. 
 
 The Magiilrate, while there yet remains Four Ghurrees of the Night, fliall 
 rife from Sleep, perform his Ablutions, and, in a proper Manner, pay the 
 Pcojeh to his Deity; after which, he fhall put on a choice Drefs, and valuable 
 Jewels; and, having firfl: performed due Obeifance, and refpedlful Salutations 
 to the Dewtah, and to the Bramins^ fhall feat himfclf upon the Mufnud (or 
 Throne) of the Magillracy, and difpatch the feveral Affairs of Government ; 
 and, in every Tranfiidion, fhall ad in conformity to the Shajier. 
 
 The Magiftrate fliill appoint fome one Perfon his Gomaftah or Agent in 
 each Town ; and he fiiall conftitute a Perfon to Two Towns ; and alfo an 
 Ihtimamdar or Superintending Agent to Three Towns; fo alio one Perfon to 
 Five Towns ; and one Perfon to Ten Towns ; and one Perfon to Twenty 
 Towns ; and one Perfon to One Hundred Towns ; and one Perfon Ihtimamdar 
 to Onft Thoufand Tov/ns. If any Affair fhould happen in any Town, the 
 
 Comajtab
 
 ( 56 ) 
 
 €vnmfuih of that Town fliall give Intelligence thereof to \.\\t Ihlimamdar oi 
 Two Towns ; and the Jbtmamdur of Two Towns to the Ibiimamdar of Three 
 Towns ; and the Gomq/iab of Three Towns to the Ikiijiicandcir of Five Towns ; 
 and the Ihtimamdar of Five Towns to the Ihtimamdar of Ten Towns \ and the 
 Ihtimamdar of Ten Towns to the Ihtimamdar of Twenty Towns ; and the 
 Ihtimajndar of Twenty Towns to the Lord of One Hundred Towns •, and the 
 Lord of One Pliindrcd Towns to the Lord of One Thoufand Towns \ and 
 the Lord of One Thoufand Towns to the Supreme Mag'flrate. 
 
 The Magiflrate, in the Month of Cheyt (Part of March and April) ihall 
 not let any Perfon drefs his Vi6luals in the Day-time; and Hi all, in different 
 Places, caufe Wells and Pools to be digged; and fhall plaifter the Houfes of the 
 Kingdom v/ith Clay; and lliall caft out the Heaps of Wood and Grafs from 
 the cultivated Country to the Wafte ; and fliall caufe the Wells and Pools that 
 are filled with Mud, and Briers, and Rubbifh, to be cleanfed ; and fliall not 
 permit any Perfon to light a P'ire in the Day-time, except only that the 
 Bramins fhall perform the jugg^ and the Ironmongers and Goldfmiths, and 
 fuch Kinds of Artificers, may light a Fire in their own Work-Shops, for the 
 Performance of their Bufinefs; but they mufl keep their Fire under the niceft 
 Caution : And, exclufive of thofe, if any other Perfon, during the Month of 
 Cheyt^ kindles a Fire in the Day-time, the Magiftrate fliall hold him guilty ; 
 and he fhall be circumfpe61:, that not a fingle Sign of Sharpers, and Men of 
 bad Principles, and fuch as cannot diflinguifli between their own Good and 
 Lvil, and fuch as are born Eunuchs, and luch as are accnilomed to be intox- 
 icated widi Liquor, appear in his Kingdom : If fuch as thefe appear, he 
 Ihall expel them out of his City, lefl by Chance they fet Fire to any Perfon's 
 Houfe. 
 
 The Magiflrate, having ere(5led in his Kingdom fome Buildings of Strength 
 and Elegance, fliall \ lace therein, with all Dignity and Refped, Ten Bramins 
 
 learned
 
 ( 57 ) 
 
 learned in the Beids of the Shajter, and in the Sheertee of tlie Shajler (who ar& 
 alfo Men fl^illed in Works of Piety, and who employ themfelves in worthy 
 Adions, and who are Men of Compaffion and Clemency, and of an exalted 
 Family, and acquainted with all Bufinefs, and who know the Excellencies 
 and the Blemiflies of each particular Caft) to infpedl and control the Affair^ 
 of the Kingdom, both religious and otherwife. If he cannot place therein 
 Ten Brcwiins, he fhall place there Seven Perfons, or Five, or Three, or Two; 
 and whenever any Doubt arifes in the Magiftrate upon any Circumflance, he 
 fhall apply for a Solution thereof to thofe Bramins, who, coinciding in Sentf- 
 ments, lliall give him an Anfwer, conformably to the Shafter; according to 
 which, the Magiftrate fhall take his Meafures. If any Concern of the Reyots 
 fhould arife, they fliall requeft an Ordination from the Bramins; and whatever 
 the Bramins order from the Infpedtion of the Shajier, to that the Rejois Iliall 
 pay Obedience. 
 
 The Pundit Bramins^ who are In the Magiftrate's Kingdom, fliall perform 
 the Nui-kerm, iht Neemtuk-kerm, the Santec-kerm^ and the PooJIjtee-kermy and fuch 
 otherWorks which are necefl"ary and proper, according to the Shajier^ for the 
 Advantage of the Magiftrate, and of the Subjeft. 
 
 Nut-kerm is the daily Performance of the Worfliip to Bewtah^ and of the 
 Jugg^ and fuch other Works of Piety, 
 
 Neemluk-kerm is the Performance of certain religious A<5ls, and of the Dan, 
 and of the Seradeh (or Feftivals of the Dead) and fuch other Works, during the 
 Time of the Eclipfes of the Sun and Moon. 
 
 Santee-kerm is the Performance of Worftiip to the Deivtah, during the 
 Time of a calamitous Seafon, or in a dry Year, or a Year of Famine, or when 
 
 E any
 
 ( S8 ) 
 
 any Pcfliknce happens in the Kingdom, for the Adverfation of fuch Misfor- 
 
 tunes. 
 
 PooJJjiee-kerm is the Performance of Worfhip to the Dewtah^ and of the JuggT, 
 for the ilrengthening of the Body, and for Increafe of Wealth. 
 
 The Chehteree^ the Bice.^ and the Sooder^ (hall be obedient to the Bramins', and 
 whatever Order the Bramins fhall ifTue, conformably to the Shajier, the Magif- 
 trate fhall take his Meafures accordingly. 
 
 The Magiftrate, with all poIHble Circumfpedion, Iliall nouriih the Four 
 Ifriim-y an Account of the Four Jfrum will be given in the Chapter of Jujiice. 
 Whoever hath forfaken the Principles of his own Caft, the Magiftrate fhall 
 caufe him to return to the Duiies of that Caftj if he will not return, he fhall 
 oblige him by Menaces. 
 
 In whatever Magiftrate's Kingdom the Bramins are unable to procure Food 
 and Cloaths, that Kingdom becomes defolate; in fuch Cafe, the Magiftrate 
 fhall moft certainly appoint them Subfiftence and Cloathing. 
 
 Whomsoever the Magiftrate fliall retain as a Servant, he (hall appoint him 
 a Stipend proportion ably to his Occupation, that he may not be reduced to 
 Necefiity and Diftrefs. 
 
 The Magiftrate fhall keep the High-Road open and plain, that Men and 
 Cattle may have fufficient Room to pafs and repafs; and fhall place in fome 
 retired Situation his Store-Houfes, and Elephant Stalls, and Armories, and 
 Stables, and Barracks for the Soldiers. 
 
 The
 
 ( 59 ) 
 
 The Magiftrate fhall keep many intelligent Phyficians, and Magicians (of 
 Men who cure by Spells) and Surgeons, i. e. Men fl<;Illed in Operations of 
 Surgery, and In applying Plaifters; and he fhall keep great Qiiantltles of Medi- 
 cines, and of Oils of all Kinds in the Phyfick Shop; and fliall retain in his Ser- 
 vice a great Number of Buffoons, or Parafites, and Jeflers, and Dancers, and 
 Athleticks ; and he fhall render all his Servants, both Counfellors and other 
 tendants, contented and grateful. 
 
 If the Magiftrate cannot punifli Robbers and Night Murderers, and is 
 unable, by apprehending the Thief, to reftore Effedts ftolen from any Perfon, 
 then he lliall give to that Perfon, from his own Store-Houfes, the Value of the 
 Thing fo flolen. 
 
 Such Things as are not proper for him to take, he fhall not take on any 
 Pretence; and of fuch Things as are right and proper for him to take, even 
 although they are exceedingly minute, he fhall not forego his Claim : And 
 he fliall efleem the Subjedls in the Light of his own Children. And if any 
 Calamity fliould happen to the Magiftrate, yet he muft not be terrified, nor 
 remain afilided, even during the Calamity. Alfo he muft be eafy and tranquil ; 
 but muft not take any Diverfions. 
 
 The Magiftrate fhall not be impatient and angry at hearing any Subjefl's 
 Complaints ; and if any Perfon, not having gained his Caufe, fpeaks abufively 
 to the Magiftrate, even then he fliall not be enraged againft that Perfon, but 
 fliall forgive his Error. Upon performing the Jugg and Poojch, and other 
 pious Ceremonies, he fliall give to the Bra7nms the Duchneh, i. e. tlie Wages 
 for the Performance of the Jiigg and Poojehy and fliall not require ought from 
 any Perfon. 
 
 The
 
 ( 6o ) 
 
 The Magiftrate fhall take all prudential Meafures in his own Kingdom, 
 that no Pcrfon commit Adultery with another Perfon's Wife, and that no 
 Pcrfon have Power to commit any Violence to another. And every Magiftrate 
 v/ho caufes the guilty to be puniilied is commendable. 
 
 The Magiftrate lliall colleft from the People the neceflary Tribute; and 
 fliall never commit Injuftice; and ftiall liften upon all Affairs to fuch Men as 
 are poflefTed of an acute Judgment, and who are very expert in all Affairs. 
 
 If a Plunderer fliould attack the Magiftrate's Kingdom, and grievoufly 
 moleft the People, the Magiftrate fliall moft furely punifli him; if he does 
 not, he is unworthy of the Magiftracy. And a Magiftrate, who, without 
 protefling and taking care of the Subjedls, colleds the accuftomed Tribute 
 from diem, will go to HelL 
 
 The Magiftrate fliall keep fuch a guard upon himfelf, that his Foibles may 
 never be difcovered; and, by fending Hircarrahs and Spies, he fliall inform 
 himfelf of the Faults of others. 
 
 If a Biirruty i. e. a Religious Foundation, hath been appointed to any 
 Bramifiy or other Pcrfon, being a ftipulated Sum for the Performance of Poojeh 
 to the Dewtahy the Magiftrate has no Power to refume the DorKition. Who- 
 ever refumes the eftabliflied Burrut of a Bramin and the Dewtah^ or of any 
 other Perfon, will remain in Hell One Thoufand Years. 
 
 Im a Kingdom,where Men of Rank eat in the Houfes of Proftitutes, or have 
 carnal Connexion with Proftitutes, or pradife the drinking of Wine, fuch 
 Kingdom becomes defolate ; therefore it is the Duty of the M3£iftrate to^ 
 appoint Perfons to prohibit fuch Pradices,.
 
 { <5i ) 
 
 If a Maglftrate, not diilinguifliing between good and bad Men, takes 
 Fines, in contradiftion to the Sbq/ier, his Kingdom becomes dclblate. 
 
 If a Thief, or any other Perfon within the Obfervation of the Magiftrate, 
 and of the Magiftrate's Counfellors, fhould caufe any Moleftation to the Peo- 
 ple, and the Magiftrate and his Counfellors fhould not punifh the Offender, 
 fuch Magiftrate and Counfellors, during their Life-time, are like dead Peribns. 
 
 The Magiftrate, at what Time he is defirous to confult with his Counfel- 
 lors, fliall choofe a retired Place, on theTop of the Houfc, or on the Top of a 
 Mountain, or in the Defart, or fome fuch fecret Recefs, and fhall hold his 
 Council there ; and in Places where there are Parrots, or other talkative Birds, 
 he lliall not hold his Council while they are prefent. 
 
 The Magiftrate ftiall not take Counfel of a weak old Man, or of aWoman, 
 or of a Perfon unacquainted with Works of Piety. If any Perfon, exclufive 
 cf the Magiftrate's Counfellors, is acquainted with the Defigns of the Magif- 
 trate, his Magiftracy is not of a long Duration. 
 
 Q TRANSLATION
 
 TRANSLATION 
 
 O F A 
 
 PooTEE, or Compilation, 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 ORDINATIONS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PUNDITS. 
 
 C H A p. I. 
 
 Of Leiiding and Borroimng^ 
 
 Men are permitted to lend Money, but they fliould not lend to Women, 
 Children, or Servants •, and whenever they lend, it ITiall be upon the Credit of 
 a Pledge, a Security, a Bond, or Witnefles, whichever of the Four is mofl ro' 
 their Satisfaction, and not otherwife-, the Pledge and Security are to anfwer the 
 Payment of the Debt, the Bond and WitnefTes to prove its Validity. 
 
 SECT.
 
 Sea. I. Oflntereft. 
 
 Sccfl. II. Of Pledges. 
 
 Sed. III. Of Securities. 
 
 Scfl. IV. Of Difcharging Debts to vvhomfoever due. 
 
 Se(5t. V. Of the Methods of Recovering Debts. 
 
 SECT. L 
 
 0/ hitereji. 
 
 If ?. Loan be granted upon a Pledge to a Man of the Bramm Caft, the 
 Monthly Intereft fliall be One Part in Eighty upon the Prinripal; at this -Rate, 
 if the Principal be Eighty Rupees, the Intereft fhall be One Rupee ^^r Month. 
 
 If a Loan be granted upon Security to a Bramin^ Firfb, One Part in 
 Eighty upon the Principal is allowed, that is to fay, One Rupee, and alfo One 
 Eighth of One Eightieth of the Principal, which upon Eighty Rupees 
 amounts to Two Arnas; thefe Two Sums are to be added together for the 
 Monthly Intereft, fo that, upon a Principal Debt of Eighty Rupees, the whole 
 Intereft at this Rate is Two Rupees Two Annas per Month. 
 
 If a Loan be granted to a Bramin wiihout Pledge or Security, the Monthly 
 Intereft Ihall be Two fer Cent, 
 
 If
 
 ( 3 ) 
 
 If a Loan be granted to a Man of the Chehteree Cafl, in that Cafe, where a 
 Bramin pays Intereft One Rupee, the Chehteree fhall pay One Rupee Eight 
 Annas-, where the Bramin is charged One Rupee Two Annas, his Intereft 
 fhall be One Rupee Eleven Annas-, and in the place of Two Rupees, the 
 Chehteree fhall give Three. 
 
 If a Loan be granted to a Man of the Bice Cafl, he fhall be charged double 
 the Intercfl of a Bramin, 
 
 If a Loan be granted to a Man of the Sooder Caft, in that Cafe, where the 
 Bramin pays Interefl One Rupee, the Sooder fhall pay Two Rupees Eight 
 Annas J in the place of One Rupee Two Annas, he fhall give Two Rupees 
 Thirteen Annas ^ and inftead of Two Rupees, he fhall be charged Five. 
 
 It is allowed the Tribe of Bice to charge Intereft, at the Rates herein al- 
 ready fpecified, inTimes either of publick Calamity, or of publick Profpcrity. 
 
 Also it is allowed the Bramin^ the Chehteree^ and the Seeder^ in Times of 
 Calamity, to demand the above Intereft. 
 
 But in Times of Profperity, it is criminal in the Bramin, the Chehteree, and 
 the Sooder, to charge Intereft at thefe Rates. 
 
 RxplanatiQ7i of the various Denomi?iatlons of LitcreJ!^ 'which 
 
 are of Six Sorts » 
 
 TKE.Firft is Kau-ee hau, fo called, when Money is lent upon a ftipulated 
 Intereft, with Agreement to be paid yearly. 
 
 R The
 
 ( 4 ) 
 
 The Second is Kau-leekaUj fo called, when, according to the Rate of the 
 Agreement, Intereft is to be paid monthly. 
 
 The Third is Chickerberdeheey fo called, when, upon a Debtor's Inability to- 
 pay the Intereft upon his original Debt, the Principal and Arrears of Intereft 
 are added together, and Intereft commences upon the aggregate Sum. 
 
 The Fourth is Cortee-au, fo called, when, in Times of Calamity, the Bor- 
 rower voluntarily agrees to advance the Rate of Intereft, which he muft pay* 
 accordingly. 
 
 The Fifth is Seekhauherdehee^ fo called, when, according to the Rate of the 
 Agreement, Intereft is to be paid daily. 
 
 The Sixth is Bhook Lahheh^ fo called, when a Creditor receives a Profit upon 
 any Thing delivered over to him as a Pledge; as for Inftance, when a Man 
 pledges with another any domeftick Animals, asKine, Buffaloes, Goats, Horfes, 
 Camels, Elephants, ^c. or Fruit Trees, as Mango Trees, Jacks, Cocoa Trees, 
 Beetle, i^c. or Houfes, or tilled Land, or Womens Ornaments, or Pots, or 
 Cloaths, or Mats, Carpets, ^c. if they be applied to life, and it be agreed, 
 between thofe Two, that the Produce, orUfufrud of the Pledge, ftiall apper- 
 tain to i\\t Creditors, in lieu of Intereft. 
 
 In Times of publick Calamity, either of the Four Tribes of Bramin^ Cheh'- 
 teree^ Sooder\ or Bice, may receive Intereft, at the Rate of One Part in Eighty,, 
 being One Rupee (as hath already been herein explained in a feparate Article) 
 by either of the Three Modes of Km-ee kau, Kau-Iee-kau, and Chickerberdekee. 
 
 Either
 
 ( 5 ) 
 
 Either In profperons or calamitous Times, it is criminal for either of thefs 
 Four Cafts, except only the Bice, to exa6l Interefl, by either of the Three 
 Methods of Cortee-au, Seekbauberdehee, or Bhook Labheh, 
 
 It is lawful for the Tribe oi Bice to receive Interefl: by either of the Three 
 Modes of Coriee-au, Seekhauberdehee, and Bhook Labheh, in Times of Calamity, 
 but in a profperous Seafon criminal. 
 
 If a Creditor hath received no Interefl upon his Money for Fifty Months, 
 and if flill a longer Time fiiould elapfe, yet the Arrears of Interefl fhall rife 
 no higher than to double the Principal ^ and the Four Modes of Cortee-au^ 
 Kau-ee-kau, Kau-lee-kau, and Chickerberdehee, may be applied to colledl the In-» 
 terefl upon this double Principal. 
 
 If Interefl:, by the Two Modes of Seekhauberdehee and Bhook Labheh^ hath 
 been paid for a very confiderable Time, yet there fhall be no Releafe from it,, 
 until the Principal Debt be difcharged. 
 
 t 
 
 Neither of the Three Tribes, Bramin, Chekeree, or Sooder. but only the 
 £ice, fhall receive Interefl by thefe Six Methods in Tim^es of Profperity. 
 
 There is a Tribe, denominated Biirrun Stinker, compofed of fuch whofe 
 Father and Mother, being of Two different Tribes, have begotten Children;: 
 if a Man of this Caft fhould borrow Money, he fhall pay One Part in Sixteen 
 upon the Principal j at this Rate, the Interefl upon One Rupee is One Anna. 
 
 If a Creditor, by violent Means, caufes his Debtor to agree to an increafed 
 Rate of Interefl:, the Agreement fliall not be valid. 
 
 If.
 
 ( 6 ) 
 
 If a Man borrows Money without a Pledge given, the Son of his Grandfon 
 iliall not pay the Debt. 
 
 If a Man borrows Money upon a depofited Pledge, the Son of his Grandfon 
 muft difcharge the Debt. 
 
 If a Man borrows Money without ftipulated Interefl:, and upon the 
 Demand of his Creditor goes abroad, without fufiicient Reafon, and a Call of 
 Eufinefs, or lurks fecretly in his own Houfe, fraudulently contriving Means 
 to delay and to refufe Payment, in that Cafe, after Three Months, Intereft 
 upon the Debt fliall commence from the Beginning of the Fourth Month j 
 but if the Debtor goes abroad upon real and neceffary Occafions, he fhall pay 
 Intereit, after the Expiration of One Year. 
 
 If a Man borrows Jewels, Pearls, Coral, Silver, Gold, Cotton, or Cloaths 
 made of Silk or of Goats Hair, and any confiderable Time elapfe without 
 Repayment, yet fliall the Intereft upon fuch a Debt arife no higher than to 
 double the Principal. 
 
 If a Man, having purchafed Goods upon Credit, fraudulently goes abroad 
 without Payment, or conceals himfelf in his own Houfe, and, by prevaricating 
 Excufes and Delays, continues to with-hold the Purchafe-Money, in that Cafe, 
 after Six Months are elapfed, Interefl. fliall be accounted due from the Beginning 
 of the Seventh; if the Purchafer is called abroad by his necefl"ary Bufmefs, he 
 fl:iall pay Intereft, after the Expiration of One Year. 
 
 Tf a Man hath committed ought to the Charge of another, who, on Appli- 
 cation for the Return of the Trufb, fraudulently abfconds on a Journey, or if 
 .he leaves not his own Houfe, but by Excufes and Prevarications detains the 
 
 Charge
 
 ( 7 ) 
 
 Charge in his own PofTenion, in that Cafe, if Six Monihs elapfe from the Time 
 of fiich Application, he fliall be charged Int^reit from the Beginning of the 
 SeventJ[i. 
 
 Suppose a Man to borrow a Quantity of the Grain, called Sh'dke [orPaddcc) 
 upon this Agreement, that, at the Time of the Paddec Harvefb, he will make 
 an equitable and equivalent Return, in that Cafe, if, at the Time of Payment, 
 Grain be fomcthing cheaper than when it was borrowed, he fliall pay double 
 the Quantity; if it be much fallen in Price, he (hall pay Three Times as 
 much; if it be ftill cheaper. Four-fold; and if its Value be exceedingly 
 reduced, he Hiall return Five Times the Qiiantity lent him, and this Fifth 
 Increafe he fhall never be obliged to exceed ; if the Price, at the Time of Re- 
 payment be rifen, v/ith refped; to the Time of borrowing, the Bra?nin fnall pay 
 for Intereft Two in One Hundred Parts, the Chebleree Thret^ in One Hundred 
 Parts, the Bice double of the Bramin^ and the Sooder Five Parts in One Hundred. 
 
 If a Man borrows Cocoa-Nut Oil, or any fpirituous Liquors, or Ghee^ and 
 returns it not in Fifty Months, he Hiall then repay Eight Times the original 
 Qiiantity. 
 
 If a Man borrows Milk, Woollen Cloth, Pcrpets, Sbaz:;ls, or Tapeftry, and 
 Carpets made of any Hair but that of Sheep, and returns it not in Fifty Months, 
 he Ihall then repay Five Times the original Qiiantiiy. 
 
 If any Man borrows any Kind of Cloths (but thofe made of Silk) Iron, 
 Copper, Talc, Brafs, White Copper, Pewrer, Tin, and Metals of this Kind, 
 except Gold and Silver, and returns them not in Fifty Months, he fliall thei^ 
 repay Three Times as much. 
 
 It
 
 ( 8 ) 
 
 If a Man borrows any Kind of Grain, except Paddee, as Wheat, Small 
 Gnwij Barley, and fuch Kinds of Grain, or Lentils, Gram, Miiftard Seed, or 
 Kunjud^ and fuch other Produce of Tillage, and returns it not in Fifty Months, 
 tie fnaii repay it Four-fold, 
 
 If a Man borrows Green Herbs, fuch as Cabbage, Lettuce, ^c. and repays 
 diem not in Fifty Months, he fiiall repay them Five-fold. 
 
 If a Man borrows Sugar Canes, and returns them not in Fifty Months, 
 lie Ihall then repay Six Times the Qiiantity. 
 
 If a Man borrows the Juice of the Sugar Cane, the better Sorts of Flow- 
 ers, or of Fruits, Ginger, Radifhes, Potatoes, or Yam, or any other of thofe 
 Herbs whofe Root is in common Ufe, whatever Quantity he borrowed, he 
 ihall return Three Times as much. 
 
 If dried Grafs, Fuel Wood, Bricks, or Leaves, or Things made of Leather, 
 or Bone, or Scimitars, Spears, Daggers, Mufkets, and this Kind of warlike 
 Inftruments, or dried Flowers, or Fruits of the worft Species, be borrowed, 
 and not repaid in Fifty Months, yet no Intereft is to be given on themj but 
 if it be originally flipulated, it (hall be paid. 
 
 If a Man fells Goods without receiving immediate Payment, and, upon 
 Demand made for the Money, the Purchafer puts him off with frivilous Delays, 
 either (laying at his own Houfe, or going abroad, without fufficient Reafon, 
 Intereft (hall commence upon the Debt from the Beginning of the Fourth 
 Month. 
 
 If 
 
 I
 
 ( 9 ) 
 
 If a hired Servant hath been a long Time without receiving his Wages, yei. 
 he Ihall not demand Intereit upon them, unlefs it be originally fo flipulated. 
 
 If a Man hath agreed to pay another a certain Fine on any Account, and a 
 long Time elapfe without Payment, he Ihall not give latereft, unlefs it be Parr 
 of the original Agreement. 
 
 If a Man hath prefented another with any Thing in the way of Friendfliip, 
 which Prefent the Accepter neither takes to his own Houfe at the Time it is 
 given, nor doth the Donor fend it to him, yet fliall no Intereft be paid upon 
 the Gift thus with-held, unlefs by a prior Agreement. 
 
 If a Man hath given another any Thing by way of Recompenfe, which, after 
 being accepted by the Perfon to whom it is offered, is yet detained at the 
 Donor's Houfe, and not delivered on Demand, Intereft fl:all be paid upon its 
 Value. 
 
 If a Man, in a friendly Manner, hath applied to his own Ufe any Thing of 
 the feparate Property of his Wife, on returning it, he Ihall give an Intereft, 
 too-ether with the Principal ; and if a Man, by forcible Means, hath taken ought 
 belonging to his Wife, and doth not pay her both Principal and Intereft, the 
 Magiftrate of the Time ftiall oblige him to pay Intereft and Principal, and (liall 
 alfo fine him. 
 
 If a Man hath expended, on friendly Terms, any of his Wife's Property, 
 and dies before he makes it good, his Son (liall pay the Principal fo borrowed, 
 but without Intereft. 
 
 If
 
 ( 10 ) 
 
 Tf a M;in offers to difcharge a Debt, and the Creditor will not accept Pay-« 
 ment, he iliall not pay Intereft upon the Debt, after fuch an Offer, unlefs it be 
 previoLifly ftipulated. 
 
 > 
 
 If a M;in, who has agreed to difburfe a certain Sum for the Expences of a 
 Marriage, or a Marriage Portion, pays it not for a confiderable Time, he fhall 
 not pay Intereft upon that Sum, unlefs according to previous Agreement. 
 
 If a Man hath depofucd a Pledge, and the Creditor poffefling fuch Pledge 
 applies it to his own Ufes, or breaks it, or it be ftolen from his Houfe, in that 
 Ca!e, he Ihall not pay Intereft upon it, unlefs by Agreement. 
 
 If a Man depofits a Pledge with another, and no Agreement be made that 
 the Creditor fhall make ufe of the Pledge, in that Cafe, fuppofing the Pledgee 
 to apply to Ufe the Goods fo pledged, he ftiall pay half Intereft, according to 
 the Rates herein already fpecified. 
 
 If a Pledge, depofited in a Creditor's Hands, be fpoiled, loft, or broken 
 by an unforefeen Accident, in that Cafe, the Creditor ftiall ftill recover 
 both Principal and Intereft of his Debt ; but the Debtor fliall not receive the 
 Value of his Pledge. 
 
 A Mam may lend Money to another of the fame Tribe, to his Relations^ 
 or particular Friends, upon a Pledge only, but from all others, he ftiould 
 demand a Bond and Security. 
 
 If a Man lends Gold to another, he fliall appoint a fixed Day of Payment 
 to his own Satisfaftion ; if he cannot fix a Day to his Mind, he may om.it it. 
 
 If
 
 ( li ) 
 
 If a Man borrows Paddee, Wheat, Barley, Gram, Small Gram, Lentils, or 
 Doll, or Muftard-Seed of the Species of Grain and Pulfe, or Salt of v/hatever 
 Sort it may be, or Honey, Sugar, Sugar-Candy of the Species of Sweets, 
 or round Pepper, or Peepul, dried Ginger, Kureelah, or Inderjb of the Species of 
 Warm Bitters, or Tamarinds, or four i lumbs, or Lemons of the Species of 
 Acids, or Hurreh, Beheerreh, and Oulah of the Species of Jffus, he Ihall furely 
 fix a Day of Payment. 
 
 When feveral Men are Creditors to the fame Debtor, they fhall make a 
 a Sort of Common Stock of their Debts, and receive their refpeflive Shares of 
 each Payment; if any Creditor refufes to accede to this Agreement, he fhall 
 lofe his Share of the Intereft. 
 
 If a Man hath fold Rice or Wheat for fowing of the Species of Grain, or 
 Muftard Seed, or Kiinjud of the Species of Seed, or the Seeds of Cotton, or 
 Kiireelahy or Pumpkin of the Species of I'erkarree, or the Seed of the Water 
 Melon, or Cucumber of this Species, and they do not fpring up from the 
 Ground, but the Spot fliould become waile, the Vender of the Seed fliall malce 
 good the Crop. 
 
 SEC T. IL 
 
 Of Pledges. 
 
 Ira Man, with whom a Pledge is depofited, fl;iould apply to his own Ufe 
 the Things fo pledged, and by that Means fpoil it, he fliall pay the Value of 
 it to the Depofitor, or procure another of the fame Kind, 
 
 T Tf
 
 ( 12 ) 
 
 If a Man, who hath pledged ought to another for a Debt, offers to pay the 
 
 Money, and demands his Pledge, which the Creditor fraudulently with-holds, 
 
 in that Cafe, the Magiftrate fhall exaft a Fine from the Creditor, caufe the 
 
 Pledge to be reflored to the right Owner, and the Debt to be forthwith dif- 
 
 jcharged. 
 
 ,Jf a Perfon mortgages to another fuch a Qiiantity of Land as will ferve for 
 tlie Subfiltence of One Man, for One Year, and afterwards mortgages the fame 
 Land to a Second Mortgagee, he fliall be punifhed with Death; or if his Life 
 be fpared, he fliall be fined One Hundred Afhmfees', and if the Criminal be a 
 Bramin (which Tribe is exempt from capital Punilhment) he ihall flill pay the 
 Fine of One Hundred Ajhrufees. 
 
 If a Man mortgages a Qiiantity of Land lefs than will fufEce to maintain a 
 Man One Yer.r, and afterwards engages the fame Ground to a Second Mort- 
 gagee, the Magiftrate Ihall fine him Sixteen AJbrufees, 
 
 If a Man hath depofited a Pledge with another, and fuffers it to lie a con- 
 fiderabie Time unredeemed, yet the Creditor fhall not apply the Depofit to his 
 own Ufe, or fell it, or fpoil it, or plet^ge it as his own to another Perfon; if 
 he afts in contradidion to this, he (hall be obliged to make good the Pledge. 
 
 If a Man, having pledged any Thing to one Perfon, fraudulently contrives 
 to engage the fame Article as a Pledge to a Second, the Firft Engagement 
 fhall be confidcred valid, and not the Second; but yet the Second Creditor fhall 
 receive both Principal and Intercft of his Money; and he who thus tranfgreflls 
 the La>vs of Juftice iliall be punillied as a Robber. 
 
 If
 
 ( '3 ) 
 
 If a Man pledges the fame Article witii Two Ferfons, and it be not knowa 
 which Tranfadion was prior in Date, then, whichever of the Creditors, with, 
 out Moleftation of the otlier Pledgee, attaches the Pledge, it fliall be accounted 
 valid, with refped to hinii if a Difpute arifes, the Two Creditors fliall have 
 equal Shares in the Depofite. 
 
 If any Tranfadlion between Two People pafs before Witnefles only, and a 
 Third Perfon produces a Vv^ritten Inftrument of the fame Tranfaftion, attefted 
 alfo by Witnefles, the Writing thus witneffed fhall be accounted valid. 
 
 If a Man pledges ought to another without a written Agreement, and after- 
 wards depofites the fame Pledge with a Second Perfon, adding a regular written 
 Inftrumenr, to teftify the Validity of this Second Pledge, in that Cafe, the 
 Second Engagement Ihall fland good, and the Borrower fhall return back the 
 Money lent him by the Firfl Creditor. 
 
 If a Man mortgages to another a certain Quantity of Land, and the Mort- 
 gagee, by forcible Means, appropriates to his own Ufe a larger Space of Ground 
 than is fpecified in the Agreement, in that Cafe, the Magiflrate, without cauf- 
 ing the Debt to be difcharged, fhall rellore the mortgaged Ground to the 
 right Owner, and hold the Mortgagee criminal. 
 
 SECT.
 
 ( «4 ) 
 
 SECT. III. 
 
 Of Security. 
 
 m% III - TPi % J 
 
 There are Four Sorts of Security, 
 
 Fitjf, Wniu aMan,defirous to borrow Money, is refufedjby thePerfon whom 
 he addrefTes, from a Want of Confidence in his Ability to repay it, if in the 
 mean Time a Third Perfon fliould advife the refufing Party to lend the 
 Money, and fhould promife, that, if theDebtor abfconds upon the Day of Pay- 
 ment, he will caufe him to appear, he, who by fuch Advice caufes the Money 
 to be lent, engages himfelf in a Kind of Security; and if he cannot produce the 
 Borrower, when Payment becomes due, he m.uft difcharge the Debt, both 
 Principal and Intercft : If he dies, his Son fliall not make good the Loan. 
 
 Secondly, When a Man, who is requefled to lend Money, doubts the Chara(5ler 
 of the Borrower, and enquires it of a Third Perfon, if this Man fhould 
 anfwer to the others Character, and affirm, that to his own Knowledge he is 
 worthy to be trufled, by thus inclining the Party to lend the Money, 
 he is to be conRdercd as a Kind of Security; and v^-hoever, by giving a good 
 Charaflcr to a bad Man, enables him to borrow Money, and this Circumftarree 
 can be proved, the Rccommender fhall be obliged to make good both Princi- 
 pal and Interefl of the Debt^ but if he dies, his Son is not anfwerable for tha 
 Monty. 
 
 ^'brrMy^WuEHi aMan,defirous to borrowlvroney,is refured,becaufe thePerfon of 
 ■vs'hom he requefts it has no Opinion of his Credit, if a Third Man fhould fay, 
 
 " Lend
 
 ( '5 ) 
 
 *' Lend him what he defires, and I will be anfvverable for it," this alfo is a 
 Kind of Security; and if the Borrower refufes Payment, the Security mufl: dif- 
 charge both Principal and Intereil of the Debt; alfo if he dies, his Son fhall 
 make good the Principal, 
 
 Fourthly^ When a Man, defirous to borrow any Thing for a Time, pro- 
 mifing to return it as foon as the Bufmefs for which it is wanted fhall be 
 finiflied, is refufed the Ufe of it, if another Perfon lliould advife the Poflcflbr 
 of the Thing required to lend it, and fhould promife, that he will take care 
 to fee it returned, this alfo is a Mode of Security ; and if the Borrower returns 
 not the Article lent him, the Security fhall make it good, with Interefb upon 
 its Value: Alfo if he dies, his Son Ihall be anfwerabie for the Principal. 
 
 If a Debtor, on the Day agreed for difcharging of his Debt, fliould be unable 
 to appear, eitlier from fome natural or publick Calamity, or from a ncceflary 
 Attendance on a Court of Jullice, it is not to be accounted a Fault in the Man 
 who became Security for him; but when the Debtor's Caufe of Delay is re- 
 moved, the Security muft then procure his Appearance, or, upon Failure, m.uft 
 himfelf be anfwerabie for the Caufe in Difpute. 
 
 If a Man dies, who, having depofited a Pledge, is become perfonal Security 
 for another, his Son fhall difcharge the Principal of the Debt. 
 
 If a Man who is Security for another fhould die, his Grandfon and Great- 
 Grandlbn are not anfwerabie. 
 
 If feveral Men become Securities for a Debtor who fails to difcharge his 
 Debts, all the Securities fhall pay the Money in equa! Shares. 
 
 U If,
 
 ( i6 ) 
 
 Jf, at the Time of lending Money, the Lender Iliould fay to the Securities, 
 " Here are fcveral of you engaged, but I expedl, that any One of you,whom I 
 may happen to find when Payment becomes due, Ihall difcharge the Debt," if 
 filfo the Securities aflVnt to this Stipulation, then, Ihould the Borrower fail in 
 l^.is Engagements, the Creditor (hall exadl Payment of any One of the Securi- 
 ties whom he can firft find, according to Agreement. 
 
 Ira Debtor fhould be abfent, and the Security is defirous to bring him to 
 Appearance, the Creditor fliall fettle with the Security a reafonable Time 
 for his Departure and Return, and fhall permit him to go in quell of the 
 Debtor. 
 
 If a Security has not abfolutely the Means to pay a Sum for which he 
 bound himfelf, and the Creditor commences a Suit againft him in a Court of 
 Juftice, the Magifbrate of the Time fhall appoint him to pay the Debt, by In- 
 ftalments, according to his Ability, and Ihall not be too harlli and fevere upon 
 him ; neither fliall the Creditor be permitted to treat him with unreafonable 
 Rigour, in the Exadiion of his Claim. 
 
 If a Creditor of his own Head be extremely hard and fevere upon a Secu- 
 rity, whatever Money he hath by this Method extorted, after the Space of 
 One Month and an Half, the Judge Ihall caufe him to return double of that 
 Sum to the Security-, and if it be within the Space of One Month and an 
 Half, whatever Sum he hath received, the Judge fliall caufe him to return the 
 l:ke Sum to the Security. 
 
 (According to Chendeefur.) 
 
 If a Security, unable to anfwer the harfli and importunate Demands of a 
 Creditor, fiiould give him ought, by way of Bribe, to fatisfy him for the 
 
 prefents
 
 ( "7 ) 
 
 prefent, and then complain to a Court of Juftice, if this Complaint be after 
 One Month and an Half, the Judge fhall caufe the Creditor to give double 
 of that Bribe to the Complainant; if the Complaint be laid within the Space 
 of One Month and an Half, the Judge fhall caufe the Creditor to pay him a 
 Sum equal to the Bribe. 
 
 (According to Gerbeifur.) 
 
 A Man, who is unable to pay hisDebts, and the Fines of a Court of Juftice, 
 fhall not be taken as a Security. 
 
 A Man fhall not accept, as Security, a Perfon totally unknown to him,, 
 his own Mafter, an Enemy, a Prifoner, a very old Man, a Partner living in the 
 fame Family, a Friend^ or a Pupil. 
 
 SECT. IV. 
 
 0/ Difcharging Debts to whomfoever due. 
 
 If aMan pays his Grandfather's Debts, he fhall not be charged Intereft upon 
 them. 
 
 If a Man lends Money upon a pofitlve Stipulation to be paid on a certain 
 Day, and the Borrower alfo affents to this Reftriclion, the Money mril 
 abfolutely be repaid accordingly. 
 
 If a Man lends Money with a Stipulation to be paid upon Demand, and 
 the Borrower confents to take it upon this Reftridion, he jQiall accordingly 
 pay it when demanded* 
 
 Is
 
 ( i8 ) 
 
 If a Man dies in Debt, his Sons fliall contribute their refpeflive Shares to, 
 difcharf3;e his Obligations. 
 
 'to- 
 
 If a Man dies in Debt, his Grandchildren fhall refpedively contribute to 
 pay the Money. 
 
 If a Man dies in Debt, his Great-Grandchildren fhall not pay the 
 Money. 
 
 If a Man in Debt renounces the World, and becomes Fakeer^ his Sons 
 and Grandchildren fliall difcharge his Obligations. 
 
 A Great-Grandfather's Debts are not obligatory upon the Great- 
 Grandfon^ but if it be his own Choice, the Great-Grandfon may pay them. 
 
 If a Man in Debt leaves his own Country, after he hath been abfent 
 Twenty Years, his Son fhall pay his Debts-, alio a Grandfon fhall difcharge 
 the Debts of his Grandfather, after Twenty Years Abfence-, likewife, within 
 the Space of Twenty Years, the Son and Grandfon may difcharge the Debts 
 of their Father and Grandfather, if they choofe it; but the Creditor fhall not, 
 before the Expiration of Twenty Years, have Power to compel them. 
 
 If a Man dies, who hath depofited, as Pledges for Money borrowed. Fruit 
 Trees, tilled Land, Houfes, Kine, Buffidoes, Goats, Horfes, Elephants, and 
 fuch Kinds of ufeful Animals, or Pots, Cloaths, Mats, and fuch Things as 
 have been already fpecified, to produce an Intereft for a Debt, his Great- 
 Gr.andfon fhall difcharge that Debt. 
 
 If
 
 { »9 ) 
 
 If a Man in Debt be abfent from Home, and there be no Expe6lations 
 that he will ever return, his Son and Grandfon Ihall pay his Debts within 
 Twenty Years. 
 
 If a Man in Debt be fick, beyond all Hopes of Recovery, the Son, in that 
 Cafe, fhall pay his Father's Debts. 
 
 If a Man be blind from his Cradle, or an Idiot, or be overcome by the 
 Infirmities of i\ge, or be afflided with a Confumptive Spitting of Blood and 
 Phleo-m, or with a Leprofy, and lives in his Son's Family, that Son fhall dif- 
 charge his Father's Debts-, but if he lives apart from his Son, and contradls 
 Debts, he fhall himfelf difcharge them-, and the Son has no Connexion with 
 them. 
 
 If a Man lends Money upon the Security of Two People, with Agreement 
 that either of them whom he may happen to find, when Payment is due, fhall 
 be anfwerable for the Debt, in that Cafe, if One of the Securities fhould die, 
 and leave no Children, and the other Security be abfent from Home, the Son 
 of the Abfentce fhall pay the Money-, if both the Securities die, whichever of 
 them leaves Children, the Son fhall pay his Father's Share of the Obligation. 
 
 Before the DifTolution of a Partnerfliip, if One of the Parties, being in 
 Debt, leaves his Country, or dies, in that Cafe, whichever of the Partners be 
 found upon the Spot fliall difcharge the Debt. 
 
 Upon the Abfence of a Mafler of a Family from Home, whether Abroad 
 or in his own Country, if his Servant borrows Money for the immediate Sup- 
 port of his Mailer's Family and Dependants, the Mafler, on his Return, 
 muft be anfwerable for the Debt. 
 
 X If
 
 ( 20 ) 
 
 If a Man dies in Debt, and his Son and Grandfon, at the Time of his Death, 
 be very young, and incapable of managing their own Affairs, they fhall not 
 pay his Debts, until they arrive at Years of Difcretion, and then they fhali 
 difcharge them, according to their Ability. 
 
 A Father fhalf not be compelled to pay his Son's Debts, but if he choofes 
 it, from any Impulfe of paternal Affeftion, he is permitted j but if a Father 
 offers to be Security to a Man who has refufed to lend Money to the Son, in 
 that Cafe, the Father is obliged to pay what the Son borrows. 
 
 If a Man had bsen defirous to make a Prefent to another, without any 
 fufficient Caufe, and dies, leaving his Intention unfulfilled, his Son Ihall not 
 give it. 
 
 If a Man had been defirous to make a Prefent to another, upon a proper 
 and fufficient Caufe, and dies in the mean Time, the Son fhall fulfil his Father's 
 Intentions. 
 
 If a Man dies, having incurred Debts by Gaming, or drinking Spirituous 
 Liquors, his Son fhall not difcharge them: (This Law is calculated for thofe 
 Perfons in whom Gaming, and the Ufe of Spirituous Liquors, is not account- 
 ed a moral Offence.) 
 
 If a Man who owed a Fine to a Court of Juftice fhould die, leaving Part 
 of the Fine unpaid, his Son fhall not pay that Part; alfo if no Part of the 
 Fine was paid in the Man's Life-time, his Son fhall not be anfwerable for it 
 in any rcfped.
 
 ( 21 ) 
 
 r 
 
 T? a Man, by the Impulfe of Lufl, had promifed any Prefcnt, and flijuld 
 die without fulfilling the Promife, his Son fliall not give it. 
 
 If a Man, through the Impulfe of Enmity, had agreed to give away any 
 Thing, and dies without fulfilling the Agreement, his Son fhall not give it. 
 
 If a Woman, in Times of Calamity, or for the immediate Support of her 
 Houfliold, Relations, aad Servants, fliould borrow Money, her Hufband and' 
 Son mull difcharge the Debtj but if fhe contracts Debts on any other Account, 
 her Hufband and Son Ihall not pay them. 
 
 If the Wife of a Man of the Caft of Potters, or of Wafhers, or of Cow- 
 Herds, or Dancers, or Hunters, contrads a Debt, her Hufband and Sons are 
 anfwerable for it; alfo if a Man, or his Son, among thofe Tribes, contracts 
 Debts, the Wife muft pay them. 
 
 If a Woman borrows Money v/ith the Confent of her Hufband and Son, 
 the Hufband and Son fliall repay it. 
 
 If a Man, at the Point of Death, defires his Wife to difcharge his Debts, 
 tiien, if flie inherits her Hufband's Property and Pofi!ellions, fhe fliall pay 
 them accordingly. 
 
 If a Man dies in Debt, whoever happens to be his Heir fliall difcharge 
 thofe Debts, but without Intcreft. 
 
 If a jBmw/wdieschildlefs, whichever of hisKindred becomes his Heir, he fliall 
 difcharge his Debts; if he has no Relations, the Bramim of the fame Vjllage 
 where the childlefs Bramin rtfided fliall adminifler to his Efl:a:e, and pay his 
 
 Debts }.
 
 t 22 ) 
 
 Debts J if no other Bramins inhabit that Part, the Magiftrate fhall p?.y the 
 childlefs Bramiri's, Debts from the Amount of his Effe6ls, and Ihall cafl the 
 Overplus into the Water. 
 
 If a Chehteree dies childlefs, and hath no Relations, or Kindred, the Magif- 
 trate Ihall take Adminiftration of his Effedls, pay from the Amount the Debts 
 of the Deceafcd, and keep the Overplus. 
 
 SECT. V. 
 
 Of the Methods of Recovering Debts. 
 
 If a Creditor, on the Day appointed for Payment, demands his Money 
 of the Debtor who refufes to difcharge the Debt, firft, he fhall fpeak to 
 the Friends and Relations of the Debtor, and procure them to demand Pay- 
 ment i next, he lliall go in Perfon, and importune for his Money, and flay fome 
 Time at the Debtor's Houfe, but without eating or drinking; if thefe Means 
 fall, he fhall carry the Debtor Home with him, and, having feated him before 
 Men of Charader and Reputation, fhall there detain himj if even this Method 
 fhould noc fucceed, he fliall endeavour, by feigned Pretences, to get hold of fome 
 cf his Goods; or if any Pledge was depofited with him on knding the Money, 
 he fhall carry the Goods fo pledged to the Magiitrate, who fliall caufe the 
 Depofite to be fold, and pay the Creditor his Debt, with Inrerefl, from the 
 Amount of the Sale; if he cannot, by evafive Means, diflrain the Debtor's 
 Goods, and alfo if no Pledge be in his PofTeffion, he fhall then feize and con- 
 fine the Debtor's Wife, Children, Cattle, Buffaloes, Horfes, and fuch Kind of 
 wfeful Animals; alfo his Pots, Cloaths, Mats, and Furniture; and, feating 
 himfclf at the Debtor's Door, fhall there receive his Money; if even thefe 
 Methods prove unfuccefsful, he fhall feize and bind the Debtor's Perfon, and 
 jprocure, by forcible Means, a Difcharge of the Debt. 
 
 If
 
 ( 23 ) 
 
 Ir Men of very low Cafts, CoolieSy and handicraft Men, owe Money, they 
 Ihall be feized, detained, and compelled to pay. 
 
 If a Man lends Money to a Magiftrate, to his own Mafter^ or to a Bramhiy 
 hv. fhall not be rude or uncivil in procuring Payment. 
 
 If a Man hath lent Money to One of the fame Family, or to a Man of bad 
 Principles, he fliall, by evafive Pretences, get hold of fome of the Debtor's 
 Goods, and by that Means procure Payment. 
 
 If a Man of the Tribe o{ Jrzal be unable to pay his Debts, he fhall be 
 obliged to work out Payment by daily Labour. 
 
 If a Bramin be unable to pay his Debts, the Magiftrate fliall appoint hini 
 to difcharge them by little and little, according to his Means. 
 
 If a Debtor and Creditor are both of the Bramin Caft, the One Ihall not 
 oblige the other to work out a Debt by Day Labour. 
 
 If a Man of the CbebUree, Sooder, or Bice Caft, is too poor to pay his Debts, 
 the Creditor may oblige him to work out the Amount, in any Bufinefs of 
 which the Debtor is capable j that is to fay, the higher Caft may exaft this 
 Method of Payment from One inferior to itfelf, and Cafts of equal R ank may 
 thus mutually treat each other; but a low Caft cannot force th. fuperior to 
 compound Debts by Labour, but ftiall be paid by Inftalments, on a Debtor's 
 Inability to difcharge the whole Debt at once. 
 
 If a Creditor, without previous Demand, feizes his D<:btor by Force, and 
 obliges him to work at a Bufmefs of which he is not capable, the Magiftrate 
 lliall line the Creditor, and difmifs the Debtor with the Debt unpaid. 
 
 Y Ib
 
 ( 24 ) 
 
 If a Man difcharges not a Debt in Fifty Months from the Thne of bor- 
 rowing, fo that the Intereft of Chkkerberdehee takes place (an Explanation of 
 which hath been already given above) he fhall fettle the Mode to his own Sa- 
 risfaftion, and pay the Creditor his Money. 
 
 If a Man, who hath long fince depofited a Pledge in anothers Hands, 
 fliDuld abfcond, or die, the Creditor, in Prefence of the Debtor's Friends, 
 ill all produce the Pledge, and afcertain its Value; after that, he fhall keep it 
 by him Ten Days; and, if within that Space the Debtor's next Heir does not 
 come in, and firisfy his Claim, he fhall fell the Article pledged, and take his 
 own Money, with Interefl, from the Amount; if there be any Remainder, 
 the Creditor is not to keep ir; 
 
 If a Man acknowledges himfelf indebted to another, and yet refufes to pay, 
 the Creditor fhall ufe the Means above fpecified to recover his Money, with- 
 out Hinderance or Moleflation from the Magiflrate; if the Debtor fliould 
 lodge a Complaint, the Judge fhall fine him, and caufe the Creditor to be paid. 
 
 If a Man, owing another any Money, Hiould flatly deny the Debt, when 
 Paymejnt is demanded, the Creditor fhall not have Power to take him into his 
 own Cuftody, but fhall caufe him to appear before a Magiftrate, and there, 
 upon indifputable Proof of 'the Debt, fhall receive his Claim; but if the 
 Creditor be defirous to attach and confine his Debtor, without Knowledse of 
 the Judge, in this Cafe, he fhall be fined. 
 
 If a Man hath lent fome Afarufies^ and the Borrower acknowledges to 
 have received fome Rupees, but a lefs Sum than the Creditor pretends, alfb 
 if the Lender demands Interefl upon his Loan, and the Borrower aflerts, to 
 have difcharged the Interefl already, or if the Creditor affirms to have Vnt 
 
 the
 
 ( 55 ) 
 
 the Money upon mere good Faith, and the Debtor fays, that he depofited a 
 Pledge for the Loan, upon a Difpute of this Kind, the Creditor fliall by no 
 Means arreft the Debtor's Body, without Knowledge of the Magiflratej 
 fhould he offend this Law he Ihall be fined. 
 
 If a very rich Man, of weak Underflanding, and of a very mean Tribe, 
 from a Principle of Fraud and Obftinacy, refufes to pay his Debts, the Magif- 
 trate fhall oblige him to dilcharge the Money claimed, and fine him double 
 the Sum. 
 
 If a Man owes Money to feveral Creditors, he Ihall firll difchargc that 
 Debt which was firft contraifted, and fo in Order. 
 
 If a very rich Man, of an excellent Education, and of afuperior Call, from 
 a Principle of Fraud and Obftinacy, refufes to pay his Debts, and the Creditor 
 commences a Suit againft him, the Magillrate iliall caufe the Money in Difpute 
 to be paid, and Ihall fine the Debtor One Twentieth of the Sum recovered. 
 
 If a Debtor and Creditor are of equal Cafts, and, on the Debtor's Refufal to 
 pay his Debts, the Creditor fhould commence a Suit, the Magiftrate fhall caufe 
 the Money in Difpute to be paid, and fliall alfo fine the Dcbtar One Tenth of 
 the Sum recovered. 
 
 If a Man hath borrowed Money of feveral People in One Day, and the 
 regular Order of borrowing cannot be afcertained, the Creditors Ihall all be 
 paid in equal Shares. 
 
 When a Creditor procures Payment of his Money by Application to a 
 Magiftrate, he ftiall give him One Twentieth of the Sum recovered for his 
 Interpofition. 
 
 When
 
 { 26 ) 
 
 When a Debtor difcharges his Debts by Inftalments, Ke fhall duly note 
 upon the Back of the Bond the refpedlive Sums fo paid off; the Creditor 
 ahb Ihall give a feparate Receipt for each Payment: If the Debtor omits this 
 Precaution, and the Creditor alfo has not given a Receipt for any particular 
 Payment, the Sums fo omitted fhall not enter into the Account, 
 
 CHAP.
 
 ( '7 ) 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Of the Divijion of Inheritable Property, 
 
 I 
 
 When a Father, a Grandfather,* a Great-Grandfather, and any Relations 
 of this Nature deceafe, or lofe their Caft, or renounce the World, or are 
 defirous to give up their Property, their Sons, Grandfons, Great-Grandfons, 
 and other natural Heirs, may divide and alTume their Glebe Land, Orchards, 
 Jewels, Coral, Cloaths, Furniture, Cattle, and Birds, and all the Eftate, read 
 and perfonal, of which the Perfons thus circumflanced ftand pofTefTedj fuch 
 Property is called Daie^ meaning Property capable of being thus left and 
 inherited. 
 
 Sed:. I. Of Inheritance from a Father, a Grandfather, a Great- 
 Grandfather, and fuch Kind of Relations. 
 
 - Se6l. II. Of Dividing the Property of the Berhemcharry^ the SinaJfeC:, 
 
 and the Ban Peruji. 
 
 Sefl. III. Of a Woman's Property. 
 
 Sed. IV. Of the Inheritance of a Woman's Property, 
 
 Sed. V. Of Perfons incapable of Inheritance. 
 
 Z Sed. 
 
 * A Grandfather, in this Tranflarion, always means a Father's Father; a Grandfon always-, 
 means a Son's Son; and all the Terms of Affinity, when they occur, without anyReftri£lion, are to be 
 applied to theMale Line of Kindred j when the Female Line intervenes, it is particularly fpeciicd 
 in the Exprcffion.
 
 ( 28 ) 
 
 Seift. Vf. Of Property liable to Divlfion; 
 
 Sect. MI. Of Dividing Property earned by the Profeflion of any; 
 Science or Art. 
 
 Se6l. VIII. Of Dividing Property earned by a Man's Sons, 
 
 Sea. IX. Of Poircfllons indivifibk. 
 
 Sed. X. Of a Father's Dividing among his Sons the Property earned 
 by himfelf. 
 
 -Secb. XI. Of a Father's Dividing among his Sons the Property left 
 by his Father and Grandfather. 
 
 Sccfl. XII. Of Sons Dividing the Property left by their Father. 
 
 6(i6t. XIII. Of Dividing the Joint Stock of Perfons who agree to live 
 together, after the original Separation and Dilperfion of 
 the Family. 
 
 Scdl. XIV. Of a Partner's* receiving his Share of Joint Stock after a 
 long Space of Time hath elapfed i alfo of the Inheritance 
 ,of the Sons of a Woman of the Sood^r Caft, by Two 
 different Hulbandsj and alfo of adopted Sons. 
 
 Seft. XV. Of Dividing concealed Effedsj and of redifying nneqiial 
 Divifionsj and of the Mode of fettling the difputed 
 Shares of Partners. 
 
 Sed. XVI. Of Acquiring Right of PoflefTion in the Property of ^another 
 by Ufufrud. 
 
 SECT. 
 
   »■■■!■■■.         ■■■■■■I     w i-^i^^^— m m I » ^ ■■iMiMiBiB m^ I   ^ II .MM   .1^; i..ii». i-   n , 
 
 • Paitnerfhip is of Two Sorts in the EaJ? : — Fiift, Shcrakut-i-lraderee ; Second, Sberakut-i' 
 t'ejarutee. I'be Fiift is a Partnerfnip by Affinity, where all the Brothers or Members of a Family 
 I'lve together, have a Joint Stock, and are Coheirs in all Inheritance left to the Family ; this is the 
 P-ar<nerftip conllantly alluded to in this Chapter. — Of the Second Sort, .or Paitneilhip in Trade, 
 Nothing need be laid.
 
 ( 29 ) 
 
 S E C T. L 
 
 Of Inheritance from a Father y a Gra?idfathery a Greats 
 Grandfather y and fuch Kind of Relations, 
 
 If a Man dies, or renounces the World, or for any Offence is expelled from 
 his Tribe, his Relations, and Kindred, or is defirous to give up his Property, 
 all his Pofleflions, be they Land, or Money, or Effefts, or Cattle, or Birds, 
 go to his Son J if there be feveral Sons, they all fhall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If the Son be dead, it goes to the Grandfon^ if there be but One Grandfon, 
 he fhall obtain the whole •, if there be feveral Grandfons, they fliali divide it, 
 and all Ihall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Grandfon, it goes to the Grandfon's Son-, if there be but One 
 Grandfon's Son, he fhall obtain the wliole-, if there be feveral Sons of the 
 Grandfon, they fliall all receive equal Shares of it. 
 
 If from fuch a Man as above-mentioned there fnauld have fprung Two, 
 Three or more Sons, and One of them fhould die, leaving behind him One or 
 more Sons, the Son, thus left, fhall receive his Father's Share from his Uncles, 
 in equal Proportion with them j if the Uncles be dead, he fliall receive his 
 Father's Share from his Uncle's Son. 
 
 If a Man's Father and Grandfather be dead, he fhall receive his Grand- 
 father's Share from his Grandfiither's Brothers, in equal Proportion with 
 them; if there be no Brother of his Grandfather alive, he fliall receive it 
 from tliat Brother's Son. 
 
 I?
 
 ( 3° ) 
 
 If a. Man has neither Son, Grandfon, nor Grandfon's Son, all his Property 
 goes to his adopted Son; if there be no adopted Son, it goes to the adopted 
 Son's Son ; if there be no adopted Son's Son, it goes to the adopted Son's 
 
 Grandfon. 
 
 If there be no adopted Son's Grandfon, then, if the Property has already 
 been divided among the Heirs, it goes to the Wife; if it has not been divided, 
 it goes to the Brother; but the Wife fhall receive Food and Cloaths. 
 
 This Ordination is according to the Pundits of Meet-hul-, but Sewarteh 
 Behldcharige^ Jeimoot Bahun, and Sl-rree KiJJoen 'Terkalungkar^ and others, fpeak to 
 this Effect, ^7^. That if there be no Son, nor Grandfon, nor Grandfon's Son, 
 then the Hufband's Share of the Property, whether it has or has not been 
 divided among the Heirs, fliall go to his Wife; if he had feveral Wives, 
 they all fhall receive equal Shares; if there is but One Wife, Ihe Ihall receive 
 the whole. 
 
 This is a good Ordination, and is approved : If the Wife is not unchafte, 
 and remains in her Hufband's Houfe, then fhe fhall obtain her Hufband's 
 Effeds; if fhe be unchafte, and continues not in her Hufband's Houfe, or if 
 fhe continues in her Hufband's Houfe, though unchafte, then Ihe fhall not 
 obtain her Hufband's Eftefls. 
 
 A Woman may give to the Bramins any Part of the Effe(5ls which fhe 
 inherited from her Hufband, to promote his future Elappinefs ; if flie gives 
 the v/hole, the Gift is approved ; but fhe is blameable : She may alfo fell or 
 mortgage it, to procure herfelf the immediate NecefTaries of Life, 
 
 If
 
 ( 3' ) 
 
 If there be no Wife, the Property goes to the unmarried Daughter; if 
 there is but One unmarried Daughter, flie fliall obtain the whole -, if there 
 are feveral unmarried Daughters, they all fhall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If an unmarried Daughter, who has inherited her Father's Effefts, (hould 
 afterwards marry and die, leaving a Son, that Son Iliall obtain the whole 
 Property : If flie fhould die, leaving a Daughter, that Daughter (hall not 
 receive any Thing. 
 
 If fhe dies without having borne a Child, that Property does not go to her 
 Hufband, but in equal Shares to her Sifters who have Children, or are capable 
 of Child-bearing: (Women are to be confidered as capable of Child-bearing, 
 till their monthly Courfes entirely ceafe; when thofe Courfes are finally clofed, 
 it is certain, that W^omen iliall bear no more Children ; and a Siller in this 
 Condition fhall not receive any Share:) If there be but One Sifter, fhe fliall 
 obtain the whole ; if there are feveral Sifters, they all fliall receive equal 
 Shares.. 
 
 If there is no unmarried Daughter, tb.en equal Shares fliall go to the 
 Daughter who has borne Children, and to the Daughter capable of Child' 
 bearing-, if there is but One Daughter thus circumftanced, flie fhall obtain 
 the whole, but the barren Daughter, and the Daughter who is a childlcfs 
 Widow, receive Nothing j but if there be no Perfon belonging to the Family 
 of th^ Flufband of the barren Daughter, or to that of the childiefs Widow, 
 or they fhould be diftreffed for the immediate Necefliaries of Life, in that Cafe, 
 they fliall receive Food and Cloaths: i\nd v/hen it becomes certain, that the 
 barren Daughter can never bear Children, fhe fiiail fliare in an Inheritance, 
 according to the O.dination of Jeimoot Bcihun^ and Srrree KifbcnTerkulungkdr^ 
 and others 5 aud this is a good Ordination, and is approved (or rather is cuf- 
 
 A a tomary
 
 ( 32 ) 
 
 tomary in this Kingdom) but Pachefhputtee Mifr fpcaks to this Effed, vi%. 
 That it there is no Daughter who has Children, or likely to have them, then 
 Property fliall go in equal Shares to the barren Daughter, and to the Daughter 
 who is a chiidlefs Widowj if of thefe barren and widowed Daughters there be 
 but One alive, (he fliall obtain the whole j if there be more, they Ihall receive 
 equal Shares.. 
 
 If there be no Daughter, it devolves upon the Daughter's Son-, if there be 
 but One Daug-hter's Son, he fliall obtain the whole j if there are feveral Sons 
 of the Daughter, they fliall all receive equal Shares: This Ordination is ac- 
 cording to Sewarteh Behtacharige^ Jeimcol Bahim, Sirree KiJIjen T^erkalmgkar^ and 
 Gopaul Punchaimn, and is approved: Gobind Raje fays," That, even during the 
 Daughter's Life, it fhall go the Daughter's Son." 
 
 If Daughters who have received Shares of an Inheritance fhould die, and 
 leave Children behind them, as One Son be left by One Daughter, and Two 
 or more by the Second, thefe Sons fliall divide the Property among themfelves, 
 in equal Shares, like Brothers born of the fame Parents. 
 
 If there be no Daughter's Son, it goes to the Father-, if there be no Father, 
 to the Mother; if there be no Mother, to the Brother born of the fame Pa- 
 rents; if there be but One Brother, he fhall obtain the whole; if there are fe- 
 veral Brothers, tliey all fhall have equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Brother by the fame Parents, it fhall go to the Brother by a 
 different Mother; if there is but One Brother, he fhall have the whole; if there 
 are feveral Brothers, they all fhall have equal Shares. 
 
 If there be Three, Four, or more Brothers, and among them, Two are Bro- 
 thers by Blood, and the refl, Brothers by a different Mother, who have all fe- 
 
 p a rated
 
 ( 33 ) 
 
 parated from each other, among thefe, if the f lalf-Brother returns to live as 
 a Companion, and the Brother by Blood continues fcj^arate, then the Half- 
 Brothcr who is the Companion, and the Brother by Blood who lives feparate, 
 fiiall inherii: equal Shares-, if both the Brother byBlood, and the Half-Brother, 
 after Separation, return to be Companions, Property goes to the Brother by 
 Blood, and not to the Half-Brother j if One Brother by Blood returns after 
 Separation, to be a Companion, and the other Brothers by Blo-^d continue fe- 
 parate, then it goes to the Brother who returned to be a Companion •, and thofe 
 who did not return Ihall not receive any Thing. 
 
 If a Parcel of Land hath not been divided among Brother?, in rhat Cafe, 
 both the Brother by Blood, and the Half-Brother, who, after Separation, have 
 all returned again to live together, fliall receive equal Proportion of fuch 
 Land; alfo, if after Separation they have all continued to live feparate, they 
 all fhall receive equal Shares: And this Ordination, refpefting the Separation 
 and Reunion of Brothers, and their Shares in confequence, holds good alfo 
 with refpea to the Defcendants of the Brother by Blood, and the Defcendants 
 of the Half-Brother. 
 
 If there be no Brother, Property goes to the Son of the Brother by Blood ; 
 if there is but One Son of the Brother by Blood, he fliall receive the whole; 
 i-f there are feveral Sons, they all fhall have equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Son of the Brother byBlood, it goes to the Son of the Half- 
 Brother; if there is but One Son of the Half-Brother, he fn-Jl receive the 
 whole; if there are feveral Sons, they all fhall have equal Shares. 
 
   If there be no Son of the Half-Brother, it goes to the Grandfon of the Bro- 
 ther by Blood, and to the Grandfon of the Half-Brother, in equal Shares; if 
 among thefe there be but One Grandfon, whether of the Brother by Blood, or 
 
 of
 
 ( 34 ) 
 
 of the Half-Brother, he lliall receive the whole Eftatej if there are feveral Grand* 
 fons, both of the Brother by Blood and of the Half-Brother, they fhall receive 
 equal Shares : This Ordination is according to Sewarteh Behtdcharige, Jeimoot 
 Bdhun, and GGpaid Punchdnun, and is approved (or cuftomary in thisKino-dom:) 
 Sirree Kifien Ttrkdlwigkcir fays, " That in cafe a Grandfon of the Brother by 
 Blood be alive, the Grandfon of the Half-Brother fhall not receive any Share 
 of the Property." 
 
 If there be no Brother's Grandfon, it goes tx) the Sifter's Son ; if there Is 
 but One Sifter's Son, he fliall receive the whole j if there are feveral Sifter's 
 Sons, they all ftiall have equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Sifter's Son, it goes to the Grandfather ; if there is no 
 Grandfather, it goes to the Father's Mother j if there be no Father's Mother, 
 to the Paternal Uncle ; if there be but One Paternal Uncle, he ftiall obtain 
 the whole i if there are feveral Paternal Uncles, they all ftiall receive equal 
 Shares. 
 
 If there be no Paternal Uncle, it goes to the Paternal Uncle's Son ; if 
 there be but One Paternal Uncle's Son, he ftiall receive the whole ; if there 
 are feveral Paternal Uncle's Sons, they all ftiall obtain equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Paternal Uncle's Son, it goes to the Paternal Uncle's Grand- 
 fon ; if there be but One Paternal Uncle's Grandfon, he ftiall obtain the 
 whole ; if there are feveral Paternal Uncle's Grandfons, they all ftiall receive 
 equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Paternal Uncle's Grandfon, it goes to the Son of the Grand- 
 f*:ther's Daughter ; if there is but One Grandfather's Daughter's Son, he ftiall 
 
 receive
 
 { 35 ) 
 
 receive the whole-, if there are feveral Grandfather's Daughter's Sons, they fliall 
 all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Grandfather's Daughter's Son, it £oes to tlie Son of the Pa- 
 ternal Uncle's Daughter; if there is but One Paternal Uncle's Daughter's Son, 
 he receives the whole; if there are feveral Paternal Uncle's Daughter's Sons, 
 they all fhali obtain equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Paternal Uncle's Daughter's Son, it goes to the Grand- 
 father's Father; if there be no Grandfather's Father, to the Grandfather's 
 Mother; if there be no Grandfather's IVJ^ther, to the Grandfather's Brother; 
 if there is but One Grandfather's Brother, he obtains the whole; if there be 
 feveral Grandfather's Brothers, they (hall all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Grandfather's Brother, it goes to tlie Grandfather's Brother's 
 Son; if there is but One Grandfather's Brother's Son, he fliall obtain the 
 whole; if there be feveral Grandfatlier's Brother's Sons, they all iliall have 
 equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Grandfather's Brother's Son, it goes to the Grandfather's 
 Brother's Grandfon; if there is but One Grandfather's Brother's Grandlon, 
 he fhall obtain the whole; if there are feveral Grandfather's Frother's Grand- 
 fons, they all Ihall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Grandf-uher's Brother's Grandfon, it goes to the Grandfa- 
 ther's Father's Daughter's Son; if there is but One Grandfather's Father's 
 Daughter's Son, he fhall receive the whole; if there are feveral Grandfather's 
 Father's Daughter's Sons, they all Ihall receive equal Shares. 
 
 B b If
 
 ( 36 ) 
 
 If there be no Grandfather's Father's Daughter's Son, it goes to the Mother's 
 Father-, if there be no Mother's Father, it goes to the Maternal Uncle-, if there 
 is but One Maternal Uncle, he fhall receive the whole j if there are feveral 
 Maternal Uncles, they fhall all have equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Maternal Uncle, it goes to the Maternal Uncle's Son ; if 
 there is but One Maternal Uncle's Son, he receives the whole-, if there are fe- 
 veral Maternal Uncle's Sons, they fliall all have equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Maternal Uncle's Son, it goes to the Maternal Uncle's 
 Grandfon ; if there be but One Maternal Uncle's Grandfon, he receives the 
 whole; if there are feveral Maternal Uncle's Grandfons, they all fliall obtain 
 equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Maternal Uncle's Grandfon, it goes to the Grandfbn's Grand- 
 fon; if there be but One Grandfon's Grandfon, he fliall obtain the whole-, if 
 there are feveral Grandfon's Grandfons, they fliall all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Grandfon's Grandfon, it o;oes to the Grandfon's Grandfon's 
 Son-, if there be but One Grandfon's Grandfon's Son, he fliall obtain the 
 whole; if there be feveral Grandfon's Grandfon's Sons, they fliall all receive 
 equal Shares. 
 
 If tiiere be no Grandfon's Grandfon's Son, it goes to the Grandfon's Grand- 
 fon's Grandfon; if there is but One Grandfon's Grandfon's Grandfon, he fliall 
 obtain the whole; if tliere are feveral Grandfon's Grandfon's Grandfons, they 
 ail fii.iU obtain equal Shares. 
 
 If
 
 i 37 ) 
 
 If there be no Grandlbn's Grandfon's Grandfon, it goes to the Grandfather's' 
 Grandfather; if there be no Grandfather's Grandfather, it goes to the Grand- 
 father's Paternal Uncle; if there is but One Grandfather's Paternal Uncle, he 
 fhall obtain the whole ; if there be feveral Grandfather's Paternal Uncles, 
 they fliall all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Grandfather's Paternal Uncle, it <^oes to the Grandfather's* 
 Paternal Uncle's Son; if there is but One Grandfather's Paternal Uncle's Son, 
 he fhail obtain the whole; if there are feveral Grandfather's Paternal Uncle's 
 Sons, they fliall all have equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Grandfather's Paternal Uncle's Son, it goes to the Grandfa- 
 ther's Paternal Uncle's Grandfon; if there is but One Grandfather's Paternal 
 Uncle's Grandfon, he fhall have the whole; if there are feveral Grandfather's 
 Paternal Uncle's Grandfons, they fhall all receive equal Shares.. 
 
 If there be no Grandfather's Paternal Uncle's Grandfon, it goes to the 
 Grandfather's Grandfather's Daughter's Son; if there is but One Grandfather's 
 Grandfather's Daughter's Son, he Ihall receive the whole; if there are feveral 
 Grandfather's Grandfather's Daughter's Sons, they fhall all receive equal Shares. 
 
 Tf there be no Grandfather's Grandfather's Daughter's Son, it goes to the 
 Grandfather's Grandfather's Father; if there be no Grandfather's Grandfather's 
 Father, it goes to the Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother; if there is but One 
 Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother, he fhall receive the Vv'hole; if there are 
 feveral Grandfather's Grandfather's Brothers, they fhall all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If tliere be no Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother, it goes to the Grand- 
 father's Grandfather's Brother's Son; if there is but One Grandfather"^ 
 
 Grandfather's-
 
 ( 38 ) 
 
 Grandfather's Brother's Son, he fhall receive the whole; if there be feveral 
 Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Sons, they Ihall all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Son, it goes to the 
 Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Grandfon; if there be but One Grand- 
 f ither's Grandfather's Brother's Grandfon, he fliall obtain the whole; if there 
 are feveral Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Grandfons, they iliall all re- 
 ceive equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Grandfon, it goes to 
 the Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Daughter's Son; if there is but One 
 ■Grandfather's Grandfather's Fathei's Daughter's Son, he fhall receive the 
 whole; if there are feveral Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Daughter's 
 Sons, they Ihall ail receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Daughter's Son, it goes 
 to the Grandfather's Grandfather's Grandfather; if there be no Grandfather's 
 Grandfather's Grandfather, it goes to the Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's 
 Brother; if there is but One Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother, he 
 fhall obtain the whole; if there are feveral Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's 
 Brothers, they fhall all have equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Grandfather's Grandfather's Father^s Brother, it jroes to the 
 Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Son; if there is but One Grand- 
 father's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Son, he fliall receive the whole; if 
 fnere are leveral Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Sons, they 
 fhall all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Son, it goes 
 jto the Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Grandfon; if there is 
 
 but
 
 ( 39 ) 
 
 but One Grandfather*s Grandfather's Father's Brother's Grandfon, he lliall re- 
 ceive the whole; if there be feveral Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Bro- 
 ther's Grandlbns, they fliall all have equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Grandfather*s Grandfather's Father's Brother's Grjndfon, it 
 goes to the Grandfather's Grandfather's Grandfather's Daughter's Son; if there 
 be but One Grandfather's Grandfather's Grandfather's. Daughter's Son, he fiiviU 
 obtain the whole; if there are feveral Grandfather's Grandfatlicr's Grandfathers 
 Daughter's Sons, they fhall all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Grandfather's Grandfather's Grandfather's Daughter's Son, 
 it goes then to any One of the Family who is the next near Relation •, if there: 
 be no near Relation, it goes to One of diftant Affinity; if there be none of thefe 
 alfo, then ihe Magi ft rate fhall obtain the Effeds of the Chehteree, the Sooder^ and 
 the^/<r^; and the Property of ihtBramm goes to thePerfon who gave theDeceafcd 
 i\\t Goiteree: (The Goiieree means a Charm, or Hindoo Incantation, which is 
 taught the Bramin, at theTime of invefting him with the Brf/minical Thread.) 
 
 In default of him, it goes to the Pupil whom the Deceafed inftiufted in the 
 Science of the Beids-y if there is but One Pupil, he fhall receive the whole; if 
 there are feveral Pupils, they fhall all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there be noPupil, it. goes to the Fellow Student, with whom the Deceafed 
 learned the Science under the fame Tutor j if there is but One Fellow Student, 
 he fliall receive the svhole; if there, are feveral Fellow Students, they fliall all. 
 obtain equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Fellow Student, it goes to the learned Bramin of the Villag'i 
 where the deceafed iBr^w;/^ had hisRefidence; if theie is no lcarned5r^;?;//j there, 
 
 C c the
 
 ( 40 ) 
 
 tlie unlearned Braynins in that Village fhall obtain it; if there are no Bramlns in 
 thatVillage, the Bramins living in the Environs of that Village ihall receive it, 
 
 Tn£ Magiftrate fhall never receive the Effefls of a Bramiti, 
 
 S E C T. 11. 
 
 'Of Dividing the Property of the Berherncharry^ the Sinajfee^ 
 
 and the Bd?t Peruji, 
 
 If a Berhemcharry dies, the Man who taught the Deceafed the Incantation 
 Goiterce fhall obtain his Effects ; in default of him, another Berhemcharry fhall 
 receive them. 
 
 He is called a Berhemcharry^ who, after afTuming the Brammcal Thread, re- 
 mains in the Defart Twelve Years, in the Prefence of his Theological Inftrudor, 
 applying himfelf to the Study of the Science of the Beids, and who, in all that 
 Time, {^es the Face of Men of no other Tribe, but only of the Bramins, and 
 who employs himfelf wholly in the Worlhip of God. 
 
 If a Sinajfee dies, his Eficds go to his Pupil in Religion; in default of him, 
 to another Sinajfee. 
 
 He is a Sinajfee, who, after afTuming the Braminical Thread, cuts and fhaves 
 ,all the Hair from his Head, burns the Braminical Thread, and cloathing him- 
 felf in Two Red Cloths, and, carrying a Bamboo Staff of his own Height, in 
 his Right-Hand, and an Earthen Pot in his Left, forfakes his Wif€ and 
 Oiildren, and becomes a Fakeer,
 
 ( 41 ) 
 
 If a Ban Peruji dies, the Man who was his Fellow Worfhipper, in tfte fame 
 confecrated Ground, Ihall receive his Property j in default of him, ic fliall g» 
 to another Ban PeruJl. 
 
 He is a Ban PeruJl^ who, after the Expiration of his Fiftieth Year of Life, 
 renounces the World, and, dedicating himfelf wholly to the Worfliip of God 
 an the Defart, returns no more to. his ov/n Houfe, 
 
 SECT. III. 
 
 Of a TVoman s Pi^opej^ty. 
 
 That is called a Woman's Property, Firll, Whatever fhe receives during 
 the Aydmmi Shadee (or Days of Marriage.) 
 
 The Ayammi Shadee begins with the Nandee Mookheh, (the Nandee Mockheh 
 is when the Bridegroom, before the Marriage Exhortation is pronounced, per- 
 forms the Fateheh Buzurgwar*) and ends with the Puntiibbee-baden^ that is, the 
 Salute of Refped made to the Bridegroom by the Bride. The Space of 
 Time, thus limited, is called the Ayammi Shadee. 
 
 Whatever Ihe may receive from any Perfon, as Ihe is going to her Huf- 
 band's Houfe, or coming from thence. 
 
 Whatever 
 
 r • The Fateheh Buzurg-war is an Offering made by a Man to the Priefte, for the Repofe of the 
 Souls of his Father, his Grandfather, ^V,
 
 ( 42 ) 
 
 Whatever her Hufband may at any Time have given her; whatever 
 Ihe has received at any Time from a Brother ; and whatever her Father and 
 Mother may have given her. 
 
 Whatever her Hufband, on his contrafling a Second Marriage, may give 
 her, to pacify her. 
 
 Whatever a Ferfon may have given a Woman for Food or Cloathing. 
 
 Whatever Jewels, or Wearing-Apparel, fhe may have received from any 
 Perfon. 
 
 Also, whatever a Woman may receive from any Perfon, as an Acknow- 
 ledgment, or Payment, for any Work performed by her. 
 
 Whatever ilie may by Accident have found any where. 
 
 Whatever fhe may gain by Painting, Spinning, Needle-Work, or any 
 other Em.ployment of this Kind. 
 
 Except from One of the Family of her Father, One of the Family of her 
 Mother, or One of the Family of her Hufband, whatever Ihe may receive 
 from any other Ferfon. 
 
 Also, if the Father or Mother of a Girl give any Thing to their SofKin- 
 Law, faying, at the fame Time, *' This fliall go to our Daughter," and even 
 without any Words to this Purpofe, at the Time cf making the Gift, if they 
 merely have it in their Intentions, that the Thing thus given fliould revert to 
 ijieir Daughtej: : All and every of thefe Articles are called a Woman's Property. 
 
 If
 
 ^ 43 ) 
 
 It among thefe Articles here fpecIHed, a Woman's Hufband fliould liave 
 given her Glebe Land, Orchards, or Houfes, if fhe has gained any Thing by 
 her own Induftry, in Painting, Spinning, Needle-Work, and fuch Employ- 
 ments, and, exclufive of the Family of her Father, her Mother, or her HuU 
 band, if fhe has received any Thing from any other Perfon, thcfc Things, 
 thus received, are not in her own Dilpofali all her other EfFe6l% except whit 
 is o-otten by the Three Methods above-mentioned, may be dilpofcd of in any 
 Manner agreeable to her own Inclinations-, but of Glebe Land, Orchards, and 
 Houfes, of the Money gained by Painting, and fuch Employments, and of the 
 Prefents given her by Strangers, fl:ie has not the Right of Difpoial: And if a 
 Woman does not leave her Property acquired by thefe Hiree Methods, or by 
 the other Means already fpecified, to her Father, her Brother, or her Son, they 
 lliall not obtain it. 
 
 If, during the Time of a Famine, or for the Execution of fome religious 
 Purpofe, or on Account of Sicknefs, or to fatisfy the importunate Demands 
 of a Creditor,who has proceeded lb far as to feize his Debtor, and confine liim 
 without Victuals, the Hufband fliould appropriate to himit If his Wife's Pro- 
 perty, without her Leave, he is juftifiable, nor is he obliged tj return or repay 
 what is fo appropriated; but in Times of Plenty and Profperity, he has not 
 Power to take it; and if in Times of Plenty he takes it without Leave of his 
 Wife, he mull repay her both Principal and Iniereft; if he takes it by h.er 
 Confent,, he Ihall only return what he originally borrowed. 
 
 If a Man takes the Property of One of his Wives, and remains attached t9 
 .a Secopc', without behaving with proper Civility to the Flrii, the Magiilrate 
 {hall caufe her Property to be rcllored to her. 
 
 Dd ., . If
 
 ( 44 ) 
 
 If a Hufband negle(fls to give his Wife ncceffary Vi<5luals and Apparel».flie 
 fiiall procure them by any Means in her Power, 
 
 Whatever. Woman be of a Difpofition altogether malevolent, or wanting 
 in female Modefty, or carelefs of her Property, or un.chafle, fuch Woman is 
 incapable of poiTcfTing what has been fpecified to be a Woman's Property. 
 
 SECT. IV. 
 
 Of the Inheritance of a Woman s Property, 
 
 When a Woman dies, then whatever Effedls fhe acquired during the 
 Ayamrni Skadee^ even though Ihe hath a Son living, Ihall firft go to her unmarried 
 Daughter; if there is but One unmarried Daughter, llie IKall obtain the whole; 
 if there are feveral unmarried Daughters, they all Ihall have equal Shares.. 
 
 And an unmarried Daughter, who has inherited her Mother^s Effe(5ls, and 
 afterwards marries, if (he Ihould die without having borne a Son, thofe Effefts 
 do not go to her Hufband, but the Sifters of the faid Daughter fhall obtaia 
 them ; if the Daughter fhould leave a Son, at her Death, that Son fhall. receive 
 an equal Share of his Mother's Property from her Sifters. 
 
 If there be no unmarried Daughter, then it ftiall go in equal Shares to the 
 Daughter who has Children, and to the Daughter who will have- Children ; of 
 thefe, if there is but One Daughter, flie ftiall obtain the whole Property -^ if 
 there are federal Daughters, they fhall all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If
 
 ( 45 ) 
 
 If there arc none of thefe, then it fhall go in equal Shares to the barren 
 Daughter, and to the Daughter who is a childlefs Widow. 
 
 If there are no barren Daughters or childlefs Widow, it jfliall go to the Son ; 
 if there is but One Son, he fhall obtain the whole j if there are levcral Sons, 
 they fhall all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Son, it goes to the Daughter's Son •, if there is but One 
 Daughter's Son, he receives the whole i if there are feveral Daughter's Sons, 
 they fhall have equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Daughter's Son, it goes to the Grandfon, /. e. Son's Son ; if 
 there is but One Grandfon, he receives the whole ; if there are feveral Grand- 
 fons, they all obtain equal Shares. 
 
 If there be fio Grandfon, it goes to the Grandfon's Son -, if there be but 
 One Grandfon's Son, he Ihall receive the whole; if there are feveral Grandfon's 
 Sons, they all obtain equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Grandfon's Son, it goes to the Hufband's Son by anotherWife ; 
 if there is but One Son of the Hufband by another Wife, he fhall obtain the 
 whole ; if there are feveral Sons of the Hufband by another Wife, they all 
 receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there be noSon of tite Hufband by another Wife, it goes to the Grand- 
 fon of the Hufband by another Wife-, if there is but One Grandfon of the 
 Hufoand by another Wife, he obtains the whole •, if there are feveral 
 Grandfons of the Hufband by another Wife, they fliall all receive equal Shares.
 
 If there be no Grandfon of the Hufband by another Wife, it goes to the 
 tGrandfon's Son of the Hufband by another Wife; if there is but One Son 
 .of the Grandfon of the Hufband by another Wife, he fhall receive the whole ; 
 if there be feveral Grandfon's Sons of the Hufband by another Wife, they fliall 
 all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Grandfon's Son of the Hufband by another Wife, then, inFive 
 of the Forms of Marriage, whatever Property a Woman may have acquired^ 
 .after her Death, goes to her Huiband. 
 
 Explaitation of thofe Five Forms of Marriag£. 
 
 I. Berameh. 
 
 II. Deeyb. 
 
 III. Ar/h. 
 
 IV. Kandehrub, 
 V. Perajaput* 
 
 Firji. Berameh, fo called, when a Father, with much Entreaty and Impor- 
 tunity, has procured a Bridegroom of Diftindion, and, on that Account, 
 making magnificent Nuptial Pxefents, marries him to his Daughter. 
 
 Second. Deeybi fo called,when the Jugg is firfl performed: (The Jugg is thus 
 relebratedi they pitch a Tent upon a felefl Spot of Ground, and make a Fire 
 there •, then they pour Ghee upon the Fire, uttering at the fame Time certain 
 ^Prayers to their Deities: For the Buchnch of this Ceremony, the Parents deck 
 
 out
 
 r 47 ) 
 
 cut then* Daughter with fine Ornaments and handibme Cluaihs, and give Iitfr 
 in Marriage to the Bratnin: The Duchnch is that Prellnt which a Man gives to 
 a J5r^;;7///,\vhom he has procured to pray for him-, in this Cafe., the Daughtfr is 
 in lieu of that Prefent.) 
 
 l^hird; Arflj^ fo called, when the Piirents of a Girl receive One Bull and 
 One Cow from the Bridegroom, on his marrying their Daugiiter. 
 
 Fourth. Kandehruh^ fo called, when' a Man and Woman, by mutual Confenr, 
 interchange their Necklaces, or Strings of Flowers, and both makeAgreement, 
 in fome fecret Place ; as for Tnllance, the Woman fays, " I am become your 
 Wife," and the Man fays, " I acknowledge it." 
 
 liifth. Ttrajaput^ fo called, when the Parents of a. Girl, upon her Marriage, 
 fay to the Bridegroom, " Whatever Ad of Religion you perform, perform it 
 with our Daughter," and the Bridegroom aflcnts to this Speech. 
 
 If there be no Hufband, aWoman's Property goes to her Brother; if there 
 is but One Brother, he ihall obtain the wholes if there are feveral Brothers, 
 they all have equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Brother, It goe^ to her Mother i if there be no Mother, it 
 goes to her Father. 
 
 And under the other Three Forms of Marriage, v^iiatever Property a 
 Woman has acquired, if there be no unmarried Daughter, nor other Heirs, 
 till after the Grandfon's Son of the Hufband by another W^ife, as hath been 
 already fpecified, after her Death, goes to her Mother •, if there be no Mother, 
 it goes to her Father ; if there be no Father, to her I lufband. 
 
 E e Exphnctkn
 
 ( 48-) 
 
 Explap.atioji cf the. other Three Forms of Marriage » 
 
 I. JJIdcre. 
 
 II. Rakhus. 
 
 III. PeiMch. 
 
 Firji, AJfjore^ fo called, when a Man gives Money to a Father and Mother, 
 on his marrying their Daughter, and alfo gives fomething to the Daughter 
 herfelf. 
 
 Second. Rakhus, fo called, when a Man marries the Daughter of another, 
 whom he has conquered in War. 
 
 Third. Peifbach, fo called, when, before Marriage, a Man, coming in the 
 Drefs and Difguife of a Woman, debauches a Girl, and afterwards the Mo- 
 ther and Father of the Girl marrv her to the fame Man. 
 
 After this Account of a Woman's Heirs, under the Eight different Forms 
 of Marriage, which have been explained in Two Se^ions, if none, within the 
 Limitations there fpecified, Should remain, then the Property of a Woman 
 goes, after her Death, to her Hul^and's Younger Brother ; if there is but 
 One Younger Brother, he receives the whole j if there are feveral Younger 
 Brothers, they all obtain equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Younger Brother of her Hufband, it goes in equal Shares to 
 ■the Son of her Hufband's Younger Brother, and to the Son of her Hufband'5 
 glider Brother. 
 
 If
 
 ( 49 ) 
 
 If there be none of thefc, it goes to her SiOrer's Son i if there is but One 
 Sifter's Son, he receives the whok'i if there are feveral Sifter's Sons, i\v:: 
 fliall all have equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Sifter^'s Son, it goes to her Hufbancrs Sifter's Son; if there 
 is but One Huft^and's Sifter's Son, he receives the whole i if there are feveral 
 Huft)and's Sifter's Sons, they all have equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Huft)and's Sifter's Son, it goes to her Brotlier's Son-, if 
 there is but One Brother's Son, he receives the whole i if there are feveral Bro- 
 ther'^s Sons, they fliall all have equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Brother's Son, it goes to her Daughter's Flulbandj if there 
 is but One Daughter's Huft^and, he fliall receive the whole; if there are 
 ftveral Daughter's Huflaands, they fliall all obtain equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Daughter's HuflDand, it goes to her Hufband's Father-, if 
 there be no HuflDand's Father, it goes to her Hufl^and's Elder Brorher-, if 
 there is but One Elder Brother of herHuft^and, he receives the v/hole-, if there 
 are feveral Elder Brothers of the Flulband, they all obtain equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Elder Brother of her Flufl^and, it goes to her Hufl^and's 
 Brother's Grandfon-, if there is but One Huft)and's Brother's Grandfon, he 
 fliall receive the whole; if there are feveral Huft>and's Brothei's Grandfons, 
 they all have equal Shares. 
 
 If there be noHufl^and'sBrother's Grandfon, it goes to theFIufl^and'sGrand- 
 father; if there be no Grandfather of her Huftiand, it goers to the Hufl^and's 
 Paternal Uncle; if there i? but One l\iteriul Uncle of her HuflD.ind, he fliall 
 
 receive
 
 ( 50 ) 
 
 receive the whole j if there are feveral Hufb.ind*s Paternal Uncles, they all 
 fliall obtain equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Hufband's Paternal Uncle, it goes to her Hii^and's Pater- 
 nal Uncle's Son; if there is but One Hufband's Paternal Uncle's Son, he fhall 
 receive the whole-, if thrre are feveral Hufband's Paternal Uncle's Sons, they 
 lliall all obtain equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Hufband's Paternal Uncle's Son, it goes to her Hufband's 
 Paternal Uncle's Grandfon ; if there is but One Hufband's Paternal Uncle's 
 Grandfon, he fhall obtain the whole •, if there are feveral Hufband's Paternal 
 Uncle's Grandf ns, they fliall all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Hufband's Paternal Uncle's Grandfon, ic goes to her Huf- 
 band's Grandfather's Father -, if there be no Hufband's Grandfather's Father, 
 it goes to her Hufband's Grandfather's Brother ; if there is but One Brother 
 of her Hbfbind's Grandfather, he receives the whole •, if there are feveral 
 }-]iifl5ind's Grandfather's Brothers, they fliall all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Hufband's Grandfather's Brother, it goes to her Hufband's 
 Grandfather's Brother's Son •, if tliere is but One Hufband's Grandfathen^s 
 Brother's Son, he obtains the whole , if there are feveral Hufband's Grand- 
 father's Brother's Sons, they fliall all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Grandfather's Brother''s Son, it goes to her Huf- 
 band's Grandfather's Brother's Grandfon ; if there is but One Hufband's 
 (jrandfather's Brother's Grandfon, he receives tlie whole; if there are feveral 
 Hufband's Grandfather's Brother's Grandfons, they all have equal Shares. 
 
 If iheie be no Hufband's Grandfather's Brother's Grandfon, it goes to her 
 Huibaud'^ Grandfon's Grandfon j if there is but One Hufband's Grandfon's 
 
 Grandlon,
 
 , ( St ) 
 
 Grandfon, he obtains the whole ; if there are feveral Hufband's Grandfon*s 
 Grandfons, they all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Hufband's Grandfon's Grandfon, it goes to her Hufband's 
 Grandfon's Grandfon's Son ; if there is but One Hufband's Grandfon's Grand- 
 fon's Son, he receives the wliole j if there are feveral Hufband's Grandfon's 
 Grandfon's Sons, they lliall all obtain equal Shares. 
 
 ,. If there be no Hufband's Grandfon's Grandfon's Son, it goes to the Huf- 
 band's Grandfon's Grandfon's Grandfon; if there is but One Hufband's 
 Grandfon's Grandfon's Grandfon, he Hiall obtain the whole-, if there are feveral 
 Hufband's Grandfon's Grandfon's Grandfons, they all have equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Hufband's Grandfon's Grandfon's Grandfon, it goes to her 
 Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather; if there be no Hufband's Grandfather's 
 Grandfather, it goes to her Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brother; ifthtre 
 is but One Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brother, he fliall receive the 
 whole ; if there are feveral Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brothers, they 
 lliall all obtain equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no HuH^and's Grandfather's Father's Brother, it goes to the 
 Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Son; if there is but One Hufband's 
 Grandfather's Father's Brother's Son, he obtains the whole; if ihere are feve- 
 ral Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Sons, they lliall all receive 
 equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Hull)and's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Son, it goes to 
 her Hufband's Grandfarh-r's Father's Br( ther's Grandfon; if there is but One 
 Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Grandfon, he Hiall obtain the 
 
 F t whole;
 
 C 52 ) 
 
 whole; if there are fcveral Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Grand"* 
 fons, they fhall all receive equal Shares^ 
 
 If there be no Hufband's Grandfathe^'s Father's Brother's Grandfon, it goes 
 to her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father; if there be noHufband'^ 
 Grandfather's Grandfather's Father, it goes to her Hufband's Grandfather's 
 Grandfather's Brother; if there is but One Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfa-^- 
 ther's Brother, he takes the whole; if there are feveral Hufband's Grandfather's 
 Grandfather's Brothers, they all receive equal Shares*- 
 
 If there be no Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother, it goes to- 
 her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Son; if there be but- 
 One Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Son, he receives the 
 whole; if there are feveral Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's 
 Sons, they Iball all obtain equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother^s Son, it 
 goes to her Hufl^and's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Grandfon; if 
 there is but One Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Grandfon, 
 he iliall obtain the whole; if there are feveral Flufband's Grandfather's 
 Grandfather's Brother's Grandfons, they all fhaJl have equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Hufl^and's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Grandfon^ 
 it goes to her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfatlier's Grandfather; if there 
 be no Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Grandfather, it goes to her 
 HuToand's Grandfatlier's Grandfather's Father's Brother; if there is but One 
 Hulband's Grandfatlier's Grandfather's Father's Brother, he fliall obtain the 
 whole; if there are feveral Hufloand's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's 
 Brothers, they all receive equal Shares. 
 
 li
 
 { S3 ) 
 
 If there be no Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Bi^other, ft 
 goes to her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Son-, if 
 there is but One Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Fatlier's Brother's Son, 
 he fhall receive, the whole; if there are feveral Hufband's Grandfather's Grand^ 
 father's Father's Brother's Sons, they fhall all have equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother's' 
 Son,. it goes to the Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother's 
 Grandlbn; if there is but One Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's 
 Brother's Grandfon, he obtains the whole; if there are feveral Flufband's- 
 Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Grandfons, they fliall all obtain, 
 equal Shares,, 
 
 If there be no Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother's 
 Grandfon, it then goes to any One of her Hufband's Family who is the 
 next near Relation ; if there be no near Relations, it goes to any One of diflant 
 Affinity •, if there be none of thefe alio, then the Magiftrate fliall obtain tho 
 Property of the Wife of a Chehteree, a Sooder^ or 2iBicc : And the Property of- 
 the Wife of a Bramin goes to the learned Bnunins of the Villa2.e where flie 
 bad her Rtrfidence ; if there are no learned Brainins in the^ Village, fhe fhall 
 give it to the unlearned Bramins \ if alfo there be no unlearned Bramin^'^ 
 there, fhe fliall give it to the Bramiju of the Environs. 
 
 Tjie Magiflrate fhall never obtain the Property of a Bramm\ Wife. 
 
 The Property of a Woman (exclufive of what fhe received during the- 
 Aycurmi Shcidce^d.ndi exclufive of what her Father may have given her, before or- 
 after Marriage) goes, .after her Death, to her unmarried Daughter, and to her- 
 Son, in equal Sliares ^ if there is no Son, ,the Daughter obtains the whole -, if' 
 
 there.
 
 ( 5^ ) 
 
 there is no Daughter^ the Son obtains the whole i if there arefeveral of thefe, 
 .they Ihall all obtain equal Shares. 
 
 If there are none of ihefe, then the Daughter wlio has borne Children, and 
 the Daughter who will bear Children, fliall receive equal Shares ; if of thefc 
 there is only One Daughter, flie obtains the whole i if there are feveral, they 
 all lliall poflefs equal Shares. 
 
 If there are none of thefe, it goes to the Grandfon (/. e. Son's Son) if there 
 is but One Grandfon, he receives tlie whole j if there are feveral Grandfons, 
 they receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Grandlbn, it goes to the Daughter^'s Son ; if there is but One 
 Daughter's Son, he obtains the whole ; if there are feveral Daughter's Sons, 
 they lliall all obtain equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Daughter's Son, it goes to the Grandfon's Son ; if there is 
 but One Grandfon's Son, he fhall take the whole \ 4f there are feveral Grand- 
 fen's Sons, they fiiall all obtain equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Grandfon's Son, it goes to the Hufband's Son by another 
 Wife •, if thf re is but One Son of the Hufband by another Wife, he ihall 
 obtain the whole-, if there are feveral Sons of ihe Hufband by another Wife, 
 they fiiall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Son of the Ilufb.ind by another Wife, it goes to the Grsnd- 
 fon of the Hufband by anotherWife ^ if there is but One Grandfon by another 
 Wife, he fnall obtain the whole-, if there are feveral Grandfons of the Huf- 
 band by another Wife, ihey fhall all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If 
 
 1
 
 ( 55 } 
 
 lb' there is no Grandfon of the Hufband by another Wife, I: gots to the 
 Grandfon's Son of tlie 1 Jufband by another Wife ; if there is bur One Grand- 
 fon's Son of the Hufband by another Wife, he takes the whole ; if there ara 
 feveral Grandfon's Sons of the Hufband by another "Wife, they fliall all 
 receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Grandfon's Son of the Hufband by another W^ife, it goes to 
 the barren Daughter, and to the Daughter who is a childlefs W^idovv, in equal 
 Shares •, if of thefe there is but One Daughter, flie fliall obtain the whole •, if 
 there are feveral Daughters, they muft take equal Shares. 
 
 If there arc none cf thefe, then the Property of every Woman who was mar- 
 ried according to any One of the Five firll Forms of IMarriage goes to her 
 Hufband; if there is no Hufband, to iier Brotlier; if there is but One Broth.er, 
 he receives the whole; if there are feveral Brothers, they muft take equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Brother, it goes to her Mother-, if there is no Mother, it 
 goes to her Father •, if there is no Father, then the Property of a Woman who 
 •was married accordino; to any One of the Three la (IF'orms of Marriage, o-oes, 
 after her Death (if tliere be no Daughter or other Heir within the Limits 
 already before-mentioned) to her Mother ; if there is no Mother, to her Father j 
 if there is no Father, it goes to her Flufband. 
 
 If there be no Hufband, then theProperty of every Woman who was married 
 according to anyOne of the Eight Forms of Marriage goes, after her Death, to 
 her Hulband's Younger Brother; if there is but One Younger Brotlier of her 
 Hufband, he fliall receive the whole; if there are feveral Younger Brothers of 
 her Flufband, they muft take equal Shares. 
 
 Cy ff If
 
 ( 56 ) ^ 
 
 Ir there is no Younger Brother of her Hufband, tl.cn it goes, in equal 
 Shares, to her Hufband's Elder Brother's Son, and to her Hufband's Youno-er 
 Brother's Son-, if there is but One Son of her Hufband's Elder Brother, or 
 One Son of her Hufband's Younger Brother, he fhall take the whole; if there 
 are fevcral, they fliall all receive equal Shares, 
 
 If there is no Son of her Hufband's Youn2;er Brother, nor Son of her Fluf- 
 band's Elder Brother, it goes to her Sifter's Son j if there is but One Sifter's 
 Son, he mall take the whole; if there are feveral Sifter's Sons, they Ihall all 
 obtain equal Share?. 
 
 If there be no Sifter's Son, it goes to her Hufband's Sifter's Son-, if there is 
 but One Hufoand's Sifter's Son, he fliall take the whole; if there are feveral 
 j^ufoand's Sifter's Sons, they fnall all receive equal Shares, 
 
 If there be no Hufband's Sifter's Son, it goes to her Brother's Son; if there 
 is but One Perfon her Brother's Son, he {hall take the whole; if there are fe- 
 veral Brother's Sons, they all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Brother's Son, it goes to her Daughter's Hufband; if there is 
 but One Daughter's Hufliand, he Iball receive the whole; if there are feveral 
 Daughter's Hufbands, they fliall all obtain equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Daughter's IlLifband, it gees to her HuTband's Father; if 
 th^^-e is no Hufband's Father, it goes to her Hufband's Elder Brother; if there 
 is but One Eider Brother of her Flulband, he fliall take the whole; if there are 
 feveral Elder Br>)thers of her Huiband, they fnall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If ih-^re is no Elder Brother of her Hul)and, it goes to her Flufband's Bro- 
 ther's Grandfon; if there is but One Hufband's Brother's Grandfon, he fhall 
 
 lake
 
 ( 57 ) 
 
 take the whole; if there arc leveral IIuHDand's Bi other's Grandfons, they all 
 have equal Shares. 
 
 If thfre Is no Hufband's Brother's Graiidfon, it goes to herHu (band's Gran^U 
 father; if there is no Hufband's Grandfather, it goes to her Hufband's Pater- 
 nal Uncle-, if there is but One Paternal Uncle of her Hufband, he Ihall re- 
 ceive the whole; if there are feveral Paternal Uncles of her Hulband, they 
 fliall take equal Shares. 
 
 If there is navPaternal Uncle of her Hufoand, it goes to her Hufband's 
 Paternal Uncle's Son; if there is but One Son of her Hufband's Putcrn;d 
 Uncle, he fhall receive the whole; if there are feveral Sons of her Hufband's 
 Paternal Uncle, they receive equal -Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Paternal Uncle's Son, it goes to her Hufl:>and's 
 Paternal Uncle's Grandfon; if there is but One Hufband's Paternal Uncle's 
 Grandfon, he fhall take the whole; if there are feveral Hufband's Paternal 
 Uncle's Grandfons, they fliall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no -Hulband's Paternal Uncle's Grandfon, it goes to her Huf- 
 band's Grandfather's Father; if there is no Grandfather's Father of her Huf- 
 band, it goes to her Hufband's Grandfather's Brother; if there is but One 
 Brother of her Hufband's Grandfather, he fiiall take the whole; if tliere are 
 feveral Brothers of her Flufband's Grandfather, they Ihall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Grandfather'^s Brother, It goes to her Hufband's 
 Grandfather's Brother's Son; if there is but Oi^e Son of her Flufband's Grand- 
 father's Brother, he fliall take the whole; if ihere are feveral Sons of her Huf- 
 band's Grandfather's Brother, they fhall all receive equal Shares.
 
 f 58 ) 
 
 If there is no Mufb:nd's Grandfather's Brother's Son, it goes to her HLif- 
 band's Grandfather's Brother's Grandfon; if there is but One Grandfon of her 
 Iliifband's Grandfather's Brother, he fliali take the whole-, if there are fever<il 
 Grandfons of her liufband's Giandfaiher's Brother, they fhall receive equal 
 Shares. 
 
 If there is no Plufbai-id's GrandfarJier's Brother's Grandfon, it soes to her 
 Hufband's Grandfon's Grandfon-, if there is but One Grandfon of her Huf- 
 band's Grandfon, he fl^-all take the wh^i^le; if there arc Icveral of her Huf- 
 band's Grandfon's Grandfons, they Ikall all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Grandfon's Grandfon, it goes to her Hufband's 
 .Grandfon's Grandfon's Son; if there is but One Hufband's Grandfon's Grand- 
 fon's Son, he fliall take the whole-, if there are fcveral Hufband's Grandfon'.? 
 .Grandfon's Sons, they fhall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there be no Hufband's Grandfon's Grandfon's Son, it goes to her Hivf- 
 -band's Grandfon's Grandfon's Grandfon; if there is but One Hufband's 
 Grandfon's Grandfon's Grandfon, he fliall take the whole-, if there are fcveral 
 liufband's Grandfon's Grandfon's Grandfons, they ihali receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Grandfon's Grandfon's Grandfon, it goes to her 
 
 ^liufband's Grandfather's Grandfather-, if there be no Hufband's Grandfather's 
 
 Grandfather, it goes to her Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brother; if there 
 
 is but One Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brother, he fhall take the whole; 
 
 sif there are fdvera) Hufband's Grandfa^ther's Father's Brothers, they fliall all 
 
 ^receive eoual Shares. 
 
 If
 
 ( 59 ) 
 
 If there is no Hulband's Grandfather's Father's Brother, ft goes to her 
 Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Son-, if there is but One Iluf- 
 band's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Son, he fhall take the whole; if there 
 are feveral Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Sons, they (hall receive 
 equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Son, it goes ta 
 Jier Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Grandfon j if there is but One 
 •Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Grandfon, he iTiall receive the 
 whole.; if there are feveral of her Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brother's 
 Xjrandfons, they lliall receive equal Shares. 
 
 • If there is no Hufband's Grandfather'^ Fathe«-'s Brotl^er's Grandfon, it goes 
 :to her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father; if there is no Hufband's 
 <jrandfather's Grandfather's Father, it goes to her Hufband's Grandfather's 
 <jrandfather's Brother; if there is but One Hufband's Grandfather's Grand- 
 father's Brother, he lliall take tlie whole; if there are feveral of her Hufband's 
 vGrandfather's Grandfather's Brothers, .they (hall all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother, it goes to her 
 Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Son; if there is but One Son 
 of her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother, he (hall rake the whole; 
 if there are .feveral Sons of her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brotiier, 
 they (hall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brothei's Son, it gofs 
 to her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Grandfon; if there is 
 but One Grandfon of her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother, he 
 
 H h fliah'
 
 ( 6o ) 
 
 Jhall take the whole } if there are feveral of her Hufband's Grandfather's' 
 Grandfather's Brocher's Grandfons, they all have equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Grandfon, 
 it goes to her Hufband's Grandfathers Grandfather's Grandfather-, if there is 
 no Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Grandfather, it goes. to her Huf- 
 band's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother j if there is but One Bro- 
 ther of her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father, he fhall take the 
 whole-, if there are feveral of her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Fa- 
 ther's Brothers, they Ihall all receive equal Shares, 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother, it 
 goes to her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Sonj if 
 there is but One Son of the Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's 
 Brother, he receives the whole; if there are feveral of her Hufband's Grandfa- 
 ther's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Sons, they fhall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Grandfathei-'s Grandfather's Father's Brother's 
 Son, it goes to her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother's 
 Grandibn; if there is but One Grandfon of her Hufband's Grandfather's 
 Grandfather's Father's Brother, he takes the whole-, if there are feveral of her 
 Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Grandfons, they fhall 
 receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brothef's 
 Grandfon, it goes then to any One of her Hulband's Family who is the next 
 near Relation j if there be no near Relation, he who is of diilant Kindred to 
 her Hufband's Family fliall obtain it-, if there is not any One of thck, then the 
 Magifirate fhall take the Property of theWifeofa Chehteree^ a SoodcTy or a Bice: 
 And the Proj erty of ^Eramhi'^'^ik fhall be given to the learned Bramins of the 
 
 Village
 
 A/ 
 
 ( 6i ) 
 
 Village where the faid Bramin*s Wife lived j if tliere be no learned Bramlns i:i 
 that Village, the unlearned 5r«/«;«j of that Village Ihall obtain it; if alio there 
 are no unlearned Bramins in that Village, then it fhall be given to the Br ami iis 
 of the Environs. 
 
 The Magiflrate (hall never obtain the Property of a Bramin's Wife. 
 
 Whatever a Father may have given to his Daughter, either before or after 
 her Marriage, fuch Property, after her Death, even though fhe hath a Son 
 living, goes to her unmarried Daughter; if there is but One unmarried 
 Daughter, fhe receives the whole j if there are feveraL unmarried Daughters, 
 they all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If an unmarried Daughter, having received her Mother's Effefts, afterwards 
 marries, and then dies childlefs, that Property does not go to her Hufband, but 
 her Sifters Ihall obtain it. 
 
 If fhe dies, leaving a Son, that Son fhall obtain from his Mother's Siflers 
 an equal Share with them. 
 
 If there is no unmarried Daughter, then it goes to the Daughter who has 
 borne Children, and the Daughter who will bear Children, in equal Shares ; 
 if of thefe there is but One Daughter, fhe fhall take the whole, if there are 
 ieveral, they fliall have equal Shares. 
 
 If there are none of thefe, then it goes, in equal Shares, to the Dauc^hter 
 who is barren, and to the Daughter who is a childlefs Widow ; if there is but 
 One barren Daughter, or childlefs Widow, (he (hall take the whole j if there 
 are feveral, they fhall obtain equal Shares. 
 
 J?
 
 ( 62 ) 
 
 If there Is no Daughter who is barren, or a chlldlefs Widow, it goes to her 
 Son; if there is but One Son, he Ihall obtain the whole; if there are feveral 
 Sons, they (hall have equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Son, it goes to the Daughter's Son ; if there is but One 
 .Daughter's Son, he fliall take the whole ; if there are feveral Daughter's 
 Sons, they Ihall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Daughter's Son, it goes to the Grandfon ; if there is but One 
 Grandfon, he fh^ll take the whole ; if there are feveral Grandfons, they Ihall 
 receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Grandfon, it goes to the Grandfon's Son ; if there is but One 
 •Grandfon's Son, he Ihall take the whole ; if there are icveral Grandfon's 
 Sons, they fhall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Grandfon's Son, it goes to her Hufband's Son by anotherWife; 
 if there is but One Son of her Hufband by another Wife, he fhall take the 
 whole; if there are feveral Sons of her Hufband by another Wife, they fhall 
 receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Son of her Hufband by another Wife, k goes to her Huf- 
 band's Grandfon by another Wife ; if there is but One Grandfon of the Huf- 
 band by another Wife, he fhall take the whole ; if there are feveral Grandfons 
 of her Hufband by another Wife, they fhall receive equal Shares. 
 
 I- 
 
 If there is no Grandfon of her Hufband by another Wife, it goes to the 
 
 Grandfon's Son of her Hufband by another Wife; if there is but One Grand- 
 fon's Son of -her Hufband by another Wife, he fhall take the whole^ if there 
 
 are
 
 ( 63 ) 
 
 'are feveral Grandlbn'i Sons of tlie Mufband by anouicr Wife, they all hivt 
 equal Shares. 
 
 If there Is no Grandfon's Son of her Hulband by another Wife, then tlie 
 Property of every Woman who was married after any One of the firfl Five 
 Forms of Marriage goes, after her Death, to her Hufband. 
 
 If there is no Hufband, it goes to her Brother; if there is but One Brother, 
 he Ihall take the whole i if there are feveral Brothers, they fliali receive equal 
 Shares. 
 
 If there is no Brother, it goes to the Mother-, if there is no Mother, it goes 
 to the Father; if there is no Father, then the Property of every Woman who 
 was married according to any One of the Three laft Forms of Marriage goes, 
 after her Death (if there is no Grandfon's Son of her Hufband by another 
 Wife) to her Mother; if there is no Mother, it goes to her Father; if there is 
 no Father, it goes to her Hufband. 
 
 If there is no Hufband, then the Property of a Woman who was married 
 according to anyOne of the Eight Forms of Marriage goes, after her Death, to 
 her Hufband's Younger Brother; if there is but One Younger Brother of her 
 Hufband, he Ihall take the whole; if there are feveral Younger Brothers of her 
 Hufband, they fliall receive equal Shares, 
 
 If there is noYounger Brother of her Hufband, it goes, in equal Shares, to 
 her Hufband's Younger Brother's Son, and to her Hufband's Elder Brother's 
 Son ; if there is but Orje of thefe, he fhall take the whole Property ; if there 
 are more than One, they fhall obtain equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Elder Brother's Son, and no Hufband's Younger 
 Brother's Son, it goes to her Sifter's Son ; if there is but One Sifter's Son, he 
 
 I i ftiall
 
 ( 64 ) 
 
 Ihall take the whde; if there are feveral Sin:er*s Sons, they fliall receive equal 
 Shares. 
 
 If there is no Sifter's Son, it goes to her Hufband's Sifter's Son-, if there is 
 but One Hufband's Sifter's Son, he (hall take the whole j if there are feveral 
 Huft)and's Sifter's Sons, they Ihall all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no HuftDand's Sifter's Son, it goes to her Brother's Son; if there 
 IS but One Brother's Son, he ftiall take the whole; if there are feveral Brother's.. 
 Sons, they ftiall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Brother's Son, it goes to her Daughter's Hufband ; if there 13 
 but One Daughter's Huft^and, he ftiall take the whole; if there are feveral 
 Daughter's Huft>ands, they fnall obtain equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Daughter's Huft3and, it goes to her Huft?.ind's Father ; if 
 there is no Huft^and's Father, it goes to her llulband's Elder Brother ; if there 
 is but One Eklcr Brother of her Huft^and, he ftiall take the whole ; if there 
 are feveral Elder Brothers of her Huft^and, they ftiall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Elder Brother of her Huft^and, it goes to lier Huft^and's Bro- 
 ther's Grandfon ; if there is but One Iluft^and's Broihtr's Grandlbn, he ftiall 
 take the whole ; if there arc feveral of her Hufband's Brother's Grandfons, 
 they ftiall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Huft->and's Brother'^s Grandfon, it goes to her Huftjand's 
 Grandfather; if t'jere is no Hufband's Grandfather, it goes to her Hufband's 
 Pacernal Unck; if there is but One Paternal Unck^ of her HuftDand, he ftiall 
 take tlic whole; if there are feveral of h.er Hufti.md'.s Paternal Uncles, they 
 tiia'U receive equal Shares. , 
 
 If
 
 ( 6s ) 
 
 If there Is no Hufband's Paternal Uncle, it goes to her Hufband's Paternal 
 Uncle's Soni if there is but One Son of her Hufband's Paternal Uncle, he 
 Ihall receive the whole; if there are fcveral of her flufband's Paternal Uncle's 
 Sons, they all have equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Paternal Uncle's Son, it goes to her Hufband's 
 Paternal Uncle's Grandfon; if there is but One Grandlbn of her Hufband's 
 Paternal Uncle, he (hall take the whole-, if there are feveral of her Hufband's 
 Paternal Uncle's Grandfons, they ihall all receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Paternal Uncle's Grandfon, it goes to her Huf- 
 band's Grandfather's Father; if there is no Hufband's Grandfather's Father, 
 it goes to her Hufband's Grandfather's Brother-, if there is but One Brother of 
 her Hufband's Grandfather, he fliall take the whole; if there are feveral of her. 
 Hufband's Grandfather's Brothers, they fliall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Grandfather's Brother, it goes to her Hufband's 
 Grandfa:her's Brother's Son; if there is but One Son of her Hufband's 
 Grandfather's Brother, he fnall take the Vv-hole; if there are fcveral of her 
 Hufband's Grandfather's Brother's Sons, they fliall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Grandfather's Brother's Son, it poes to her Huf- 
 band's Grandfather's Brother's Grandfon; if there is but One Grandlbn of her 
 Hufband's Grandfather's Brother, he fhall cake the whole; if there are feveral 
 of her Hufband's Grandfather's Brother's GrL;ncifGn^, they fliall all receive 
 equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Grandfather's Brother's Grandfon, it o-oes to her 
 Hufband's Grandfon's Grandlbn; if there is but One Grandfon of her Huf- 
 band's
 
 ( 66 ) 
 
 band's Grandfon, he fhall take the whole; If there are feveral of her Huajand's 
 Grandfon's Grandfons, they Ihall receive equal Siiiares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Grandfon's Grandfon, it goes to her Hulband's 
 Grandfon's Grandfon's Son; if there is but One Hufband's Grandfon's Grand- 
 fon's Son, he fliall take the whole; if there are feveral Hufband's Grandfon's 
 Grandfon's Sons, .they .iliall receive equal Shares. 
 
 Jf there is no Hufband's Grandfon's Grandfon^'s Son, it goes to her Huf- 
 band's Grandfon's Grandfon's Grandfon; if there is but One Grandfon of her 
 Hufband's Grandfon's Grandfon, he fliall take the whole; if tliere are feveral 
 of .her JIulband's Grandfon's Grandfon's Grandfons, they fliall receive equal 
 
 Shares. 
 
 Jf there is no Hufband's Grandfon's Grandfon's Grandfon, it goes to her 
 Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather; if there be no Hufband's Grandfather's 
 Grandfather, it goes to her Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brother; if there 
 h but One Brother of her Hufband's Grandfather's Father, lie takes the whole; 
 if tl e-e are feveral of her Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brothers, they all 
 receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Brother of her Hufband's Grandfather's Father, it goes to her 
 Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Br^^ther's Son; if there is but One Son of 
 her Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brother, he fhall take the whole; if there 
 are feveral of her Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Sons, they fliall 
 liave equal Shares^ 
 
 If there is no HufDand's Grandfather' Father's Brother's Son, it goes to her 
 Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Grandfon; if there is but One 
 Grandfon of he.r Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brother, he fliall take the 
 
 whole;
 
 ( 67 ) 
 
 wholej if there are fcverul of her Ilulband', Grandfathc;:'s Fat'icr's BroLher'i 
 Grandfons, they lliall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Grandfon, 'x goes 
 to her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father; if th.rcf is no Hufband's 
 Grandfatlier's Grandfather's Father, it goes to her Hufband's Grandfather's 
 Grandfather's Brother; if there is but One Brother of htr Hufband's Grandfa- 
 ther's Grandfather, he fhall take the whole-, if there are ftveral of her HuP 
 band's Grandfather's Grandfatlier's Brothers, they fliall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother, it goes to her 
 Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Son; if there is but One Son 
 of her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother, he fliall take the whole; 
 if there are feveral of her Hufband's Grandfatlier's Grandfather's Brother's 
 Sons, they fliall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Son, it ?oes 
 to her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Grandfon; if there is 
 but One Grandlbn of her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother, he 
 fhall take the v/hole; if there are feveral of her Hufband's Grandfather's 
 Grandfather's Brother's Grandfons, they all fl'iali receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Grandfon, 
 it goes to her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Grandfather; if there is 
 no Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Grandfather, it goes to her Huf- 
 band's Grandfather's Grandfatlier's Father's Brother; if there is but One Bro- 
 ther of her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father, he fliall take the 
 whole; if there are feveral of her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Fa- 
 tiler's Brothers, they fliall receive equal Shares. 
 
 Kk If
 
 ( 68 ) 
 
 If there be no flulband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father*s Brother^ it 
 goes to her Hufbarid's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Son-, if 
 there is but One Son cf her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's 
 Brother, he fliali take the whole-, if there are fevera! of her Flufband's Grand- 
 father's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Sons, they fhall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother's 
 Son, it goes to her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother's 
 Grandfon-, if there is but One Grandlbn of her Hufband's Grandfather's 
 Grandfather's Father's Brother, he fliall take the whole; if there are feveral 
 Grandfo.is of her Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother, 
 they Iliall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Hufband's Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother's 
 Grandfon, it then goes to any One of her Hufband's Family who is the next 
 near Relation; if there is no near Relation, it goes to One of diflant Affinity. 
 
 If there is not any One of thefe, then the Magiftrate fhall obtain the Effeds 
 of the Wife of a Chehteree, a Scoder, or a Bice : And the Property of the Wife 
 of a Braniin goers to t!ie learned Brainim of the Village where that Braniin had 
 his Rcfidence-, if there is no learned Eramin, the unlearned ^r^?;'///;^ of that 
 Village Hi ill obtain it; if there are none of thefe aJfo, then the Bramins of the 
 Environs fii.dl obtain it. 
 
 The Mjgidrate fhdl never afTume the Property of the Wife of a Bramin, 
 
 Of
 
 ( 69 ) 
 
 Of Inheriting frorn an unmarried Girl, 
 
 When an unmarried Girl dies, her Property gees to her Brother by tlie 
 fame Parents j if there is but One Brother by the fame Parents, he fhall take 
 the whole i if there are feveral Brothers by the fame Parents, they fliall all 
 receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Brother by the fame Parents, it goes to her Mother •, if there 
 is no Mother, it goes to her Father j if there is no Father, it goes to her Bro- 
 ther by a different Mother ^ if there is no Brother by a different Mother, it 
 goes to the Son of her Brother by the fame Parents-, if there is no Son of her 
 Brother by the fame Parents, it goes to the Son of her Brother by a different 
 Mother. 
 
 If there is no Son of her Brother by a different Mother, it goes to her 
 Brother*s Grandfon ; if there is but One Brother's Grandfon, he fhall take the 
 whole; if there are feveral of her Brother's Grandfons, they (hall receive equal 
 Shares. 
 
 If there is no Brother's Grandfon, it goes to her Grandfather (/. e. Father's 
 Father) if there is no Grandfather, it goes to her Paternal Uncle; if there 
 is but One Paternal Uncle, he fliall take the whole; if there are feveral 
 Paternal Uncles, they ffiall receive equal Shares.. 
 
 If there is no Paternal Uncle, it goes to the Paternal Uncle's Son; if there 
 is but One Paternal Uncle's Son, he fhall take the whole; if th:re are feveral 
 Paternal Uncle's Sons, they lliall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If
 
 ( 70 ) 
 
 If there is no Paternal Uncle's Son, it goes to her Paternal Uncle's Grand- 
 fon; If there is but One Paternal Uncle's Grandfon, he fliall take the whole; 
 if there are feveral Paternal Uncle's Grandfons, they fliall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Paternal Uncle's Grandfon, it goes to her Grandfather's Fa- 
 ther ; if there is no Grandfather's Father, it goes to her Grandfather's Brother; 
 if there is but One Brother of her Grandfather, he fliall take the whole ; if 
 there are fjveral of her Grandfather's Brothers, they fliall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Grandfather's Brother, it gees to her Grandfather's Brother's 
 Son i if there Is but One Son of her Grandfather's Brother, he fliall take the 
 whole; if there are feveral of her Grandfather'sBroiher's Sons, they fhall receive 
 equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Grandfather's Brother's Son, it goes to her Grandfather's 
 Brother'sGrandfon; if there is but One Grandfon of her Grandfather's Brother, 
 he Ikall take the whole; if there are feveral of her Grandfather's Brother's 
 Grandfons, they fhall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Grandfather's Brother's Grandfon, it goes to her Grandfather's 
 Grandfather; if there is no Grandfather's Grandfather, it goes to her Grand- 
 father's Father's Brother; if there is but One Brother of her Grandfather's 
 Father, he fhall take the whole; if there are feveral of her Grandfather's Feather's 
 Brothers, they fhall receive equal Shares. 
 
 If there Is no Grandfather's Feather's Brother, it goes to her Grandfaiher's 
 F'ather's Brother's Son; if there is but OnQ Son of her Grandfather's Father's 
 Brother, be fhall take the v/hole; if there are feveral of her Grandfather's Fa- 
 ther's Brother's Sons, they fhall receive equal Shares. 
 
 U
 
 ( 7< ) 
 
 If there is no Grandfather's Father's Brother's Son, it goes to lie: Gratid- 
 father'sl-'atlier's Brothe 'sGranclfonv iftlierc is but OncGrandfon of her Grandr 
 fadier's Father's Brother, he lliall take tlie whcjlc; if there are feveral of her 
 Grandfather's Father's Brother's Grandfon.s, they fliall have equal Sliares. 
 
 If there is no Grandfather's Father's Brother's Grandfon, it £oes to her 
 Grandfathei's Grandfather's Father; if there is no Grandfather's Grandfather's 
 Fatfier, it goes to lier Grandfather's Grandfather's -Brother; if there is but One 
 Brother of her Grandfather's Grandfather, he fliall take the whole-, if there are 
 feveral of her Grandfather's Grandfather's Brothers, they Diall receive equal 
 Shares. 
 
 If there is no Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother, it soes to her Grandfa- 
 timer's Grandfather's Brother's Son; if there is but One Son of her Grandfather's 
 Grandfather's Brother, he fnall take the v/hole; if there are feveral of her 
 Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Sons, they fhall have equal Shares. 
 
 If there is no Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Son, it coes to her 
 Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Grandfon; if there is but One Grand- 
 {fon of her Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother, he Ihall take the whole; if 
 there are feveral of her Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Grandfons, they 
 Jhall receive equal Shares, 
 
 If there is no Grandfather's Grandfather's Brother's Grandfon, it goes to 
 her Grandfather's Grandfather's Grandfather; if there is no Grandfather's 
 Grandfather's Grandfather, it goes to her Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's 
 Brother; if there is but One Brother of her Grandfather's Grandfather's Fa^ 
 ther, he fliall take the whole; if there are feveral of her Grandfather's Grand- 
 fatlier's Father's Brothers, they fliall receive equal Shares. 
 
 I. 1 If
 
 ( 72 } 
 
 If there is no Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother, it goes to her- 
 Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Son-, if there is but One Son 
 of her Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother, he fliall take the whole j 
 if there ire feveral of her Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Sons, 
 they fhall receive equal Shares* 
 
 If there is no Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Son, it goes to 
 her Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Grandfon-, if there is but 
 One Grandfon of her Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Bi-other, he fliall- 
 take the whole-, if there are feveral of her Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's 
 Erotlier's Grandfons, they fhall receive equal Shares.. 
 
 If there is no Grandfather's Grandfather's Father's Brother's Grandfon, if- 
 then goes to any One of the Family of the aforefaid Girl's Father who is the 
 next near Relation j if there is no near Relation, then One of diltant Kindred 
 iliall obtain it. 
 
 If alfo there is no d'ftant Relation, then the Magiflrate fliall alTume the 
 EfFcds of the unmarried Daughter of a, Cbehleree, a Sooder, and a Bke: And the 
 Property of the unmarried Daughter of a Bramin fliall be given to the learned 
 i?r<2»?/KJ of the Village where the aforefaid Daughter had her Refidence. 
 
 If there is no k-arned Bramin in that Village, it fliall be given to the un- 
 learned Bramins ot that Village. 
 
 If th.ere are no unlearned Bramins alfo, it fliall be given to the Bramiiis of the 
 Environs of that Villao-e. 
 
 The
 
 in) 
 
 The Maglftrate fliall never afllimc the Property of the unmarried Daughter, 
 of a Bramin. 
 
 If, during the Life-time of a Girl deceafed, any Perfon had entered into nn 
 Engagement to marry her, and that Perfon, or the Mother and Father of that 
 Perfon had made that Girl any Prefent, that Gift Ihall revert again to the afore- 
 faid Perfon,. 
 
 If, after Agreement to marry a Daughter to a particular Perfon, that Daugh- 
 ter be given in Marriage to another Perfon, then whatever Prefent, either in 
 Money or other Articles, the Perfon firft mentioned, or his INlother and Fa-, 
 ther, had given to the Girl, or whatever Gift any other of that Perfon's Fa- 
 mily had prefented, on Account of the intended Marriage, fucli .Money and, 
 other Articles Ihall. again revert to the Perfon aforefaid, 
 
 SECT. V. 
 
 OfPerfons i?2capaileof,lnberitancei. 
 
 YfnoEVER is born an Eunuch; whoever is expelled from his Tribe, 
 his Relations and Kindred, for commilfion of any Crimes ; . whoever 
 is born Blind ; whoever is J^eaf from his Mother's Womb j whoever is an 
 Idiot ; whoever cannot diftinguifli between Good and Evil ; whoever has no 
 Principle of Religion ; whoever is Dumb •, whoever is born without Hand, or< 
 Foot, or Nof^, cr Tongue, or Privy Member, or Fundament; vv^hoever 
 ftrikes and beats his ov<'n P'ather, or who, after his Father's Death, performs not 
 the Seradih (religious Offices to his Father's Memory) whoever is of fu h 
 a general ill Behaviour, as that his Relations and Partners refufe to eat or 
 drink wi.th him, and who lis^es in conftanc comminion of tliofe Actions which 
 
 are
 
 ( 74 ) 
 
 are forbidden to his particular Tribe by the Beids; whoever is fo Incnrably* 
 clilbrdcred, as that no Remedies have anyEfFcd on him, and wlio, on Account of 
 }iis Diforder, is never able to perform the Seradeb, the Porje/j^ and other re- 
 ligious Duties of this Kind ; whoever is afflifled with a fcrofulous Leprofy, 
 or a Leprofy breaking out in Boils, with a perpetual Difcharge of Blood and 
 Matter \ Men afflicted v/ith thefe Dilbrdcrs, even after Fcra/Jjcbui (or Re- 
 covery ),fhall remain incapable of Inheritance : And alio, whoever wears the 
 Difgu'fe of a Bcrhimchirry^ or a Sinajfee^ and fo gains a Livelihood in a fraudu- 
 lent Manner ; whoever is feized v/ith a Gdnfee Jtkkhek^ cr a Confumption, in 
 which he brings up Blood mingled with Phlegm ; whoever has profefied him- 
 felf a Sinajj'ee \ v/hoever procures his Subfillence by an unwarrantable Bufmefs 
 cr ProfefTion i all or any of thefe Circumftances, here fpecified, incapacitate a 
 Man for Inheritance. 
 
 "But whoever fliall fuperfeds thefe Perfons, in the Inheritance of bequeathed 
 Property, miift allow themViftuals and Cloathing ; neverthelcfs the Man who 
 has been expelled from his Tribe fhall receive Notlfuig, 
 
 If the Sons of thefe People be totally free from all the Obje6lions which 
 have been dated above, they Ihall receive therr Share of the Property left for 
 Inheritance; neverthelcfs the Son of the Man expelled from his Tribe, who 
 was born after fuch Expulfion, fhall not receive any Share. 
 
 If there are unmarried Daughters of any of thefe, fuch Daughters fliall be 
 maintained in Victuals and Cloathing, until their Marriage. 
 
 And alfo to the Wives of thefe (if there are not unchafte) lliall be allowed 
 Viduals and Cloaths. 
 
 SECT.
 
 ( 75 ) 
 S E C T. VI. 
 
 Of Property liable to Divijiort, 
 
 Of the Property of a Grandfather and a Father; and of fuch Property as 
 arifes from a Partnerfhip Concern, and of whatever is given by a Relation of 
 equal Affinity, indifcriminately, that is, without fpecifying the Name of any 
 particular Perfon; as alfo of fuch Gains as arife from the Joint Labour and 
 united Efforts of Two, Four, &c. Perfons. 
 
 %* All fuch Property is liable to Divifion. 
 
 When Two or more Perfons are Co-Heirs, if any Gain is made upon the 
 Common Stock, then the Perfons, by whofe Labour or prudent Management 
 fuch Gain was produced, fhall each receive a double Share; thofe who did 
 not join in the Plan or Execution of the Bufmefs fhall each receive a fmgle 
 Share. 
 
 *^* According to the Ordinatiops of Sirree Kijhen TerJdlungkar, and Gop^.ul 
 Punchcmun. 
 
 When Two, Four or more Perfons are Partners, and One or Two of thole 
 Partners acquire any Profit, each Partner Ihall receive a Share of it, proporti- 
 onable to his Property in the Joint Stock; and thofe who gained this Profit 
 {hall firfl divide the whole of it into equal Shares, and each take a fmgle Share; 
 and then receive a Part pf what remains, proportionable to their Share in the 
 Common Stock. 
 
 M m *** Accordi>:g
 
 ( 76 ) 
 
 *. * According to the Ordination ofSewarleb Behtackarigey zndjeimoot Ba^uff, 
 and this Ordination is approved (or rather is cuilomary in this Kingdom.) 
 
 Ir the Property of a PartnerHiip belongs wholly to One of the Partners^ 
 and the other Parcner performs all the Labour of the Buflnefs, and makes a. 
 Protit upon that Property, fuch Profit fliall be divided equally between them. 
 
 If One Partner both rifks his Property and takes alfo his Share of the Labour 
 of Bufinefs, and another Partner, without rifking his own Property, takes only 
 his Share of the Trouble and Management of Affairs, then he who advanced 
 his Property, and exerted his Efforts, fliall receive a double Share j he who 
 only contributed his Efforts fhall receive a Angle Share. 
 
 If a Man, without any Advance of Property, fhould, by his own mere Di- 
 ligence and Efforts, acquire any Profit, his Partners fliall receive no Share of it. 
 
 SECT. VII. 
 
 Of Dividing Property earned by the Science of the Shafler^ 
 by the Art of Paintings ArchiteSiure^ or other Arts of 
 that Kiiid^ on which a Profit may be gained. 
 
 If anyPerfon, without Employment of any Stock in Partnerfliip, by his own 
 Efforts, in the Exertion of any Art, fliould acquire any Profit, then, which- 
 <rver cf his Partners by Affinity hath a greater or equal Share of Knowledge 
 with himfelf, he fliall give to each of fuch Partners a Angle Share, and he fhall 
 appropriate a double Share to himfelfj and whichever of them has lefs Know- 
 ledge than he, or is wholly without Skill in any Art, fliall not receive a Share, 
 
 If
 
 ( 11 ) 
 
 ' -If any Perfon, who hath learnt any Art from his Father, his Grandfather, 
 his Paternal Uncle, his Brother, or any Perfon in his own Family, flvjuld 
 acquire any Profit by that Art, then whoever of ihe Family is totally unacilled 
 in any Art, or hath lefs Knowledge than he, fliall receive a fingle vShare each; 
 and whoever works for his own Subfiftence fliall take a double Share. 
 
 If One Perfon hath quitted his Partners by AfHnity, for the Purpofe of 
 learning any Art, and another Perfon of the Family, unflcilled in any Art, ex- 
 pends Part of his Property, in fupporting the immediate Dependants of the 
 Abfentee, then he who v/ent away, to improve himfelf in anyArt, Ihall take to 
 .himfelf a double Share of any Profit he may gain by that Art, and Ihall give a 
 fingle Share of it to the Perfon who fupported his Dependants in his Ab- 
 fence ; if thofe Dependants were fupported from the Joint Stock, he Ihall not 
 give any Thing. 
 
 If a Perfon learns any Art from a Strarrger, and alfo receives Vi6luals and 
 Cloaths from him, his Partners by Affinity Ihall not receive any Share of the 
 Profits he may gain by that Art. 
 
 SECT. VIII. 
 
 Of 'Dividing Property ear?2ed hy a Maris Sons. 
 
 If anyMan acquires a Profit, upon employing his Father's or Grandfather's 
 Property, he fliall give the Half of all his Gains to his Father ; and if he hath 
 not any Brothers, he fliall take the other Half himfelf; if he hath Brothers, 
 he fliall take to himfelf a double Share of the remaining Half, and fliall give a 
 fingle Share to each of his Brothers.
 
 ( 78 ) 
 
 If any Perfon, without any Advance of Property, fliould raife any ProfiCj 
 he fhall give the Half of it to his Father, and lliall take to hlmfdf the other 
 Half: His Partners by Affinity fliall not receive any Share of it. 
 
 If any Perfon, upon employing his Brother's Property, fliould acquire any 
 Profit, of the whole of fuch Profit, he fhall give One Half to his Father, if 
 his P'ather be a Man of Knowledge and Skill •, and of the remaining Half, he 
 who raifed the Profit fhall receive a double Share; and he whofe Property was 
 employed fhall receive a fingle Share -, and thofe who employed no Property 
 lliall not receive any Thing : If the Father be not a Man of Knowledge or 
 Skill, he fhall receive a double Share -, and he who made the Profit fhall alfft 
 receive a double Share ; and the Man whofe Property was employed fhall re- 
 ceive a iingle Share. 
 
 SECT. IX. 
 
 0/ Pojjejfwns Indivijibley 
 
 If a Man by Vidory in War has made any Prize, it fliall not be liable to 
 be fhared. 
 
 If a Man has received any Thing in the Houfc of his Wife^s Father, no 
 Share of it fhall appertain to his Partners (or Relations.) 
 
 If a Man's Father or Mother, out of particular Kindnefs, hath given him 
 any Thing, no Share of it fliall appertain to his Partners (or Relations.) 
 
 If a Perfon, withom Employment of the Joint Stock, and without equal 
 3L..abour on tlie Side of his Partners (and exclufive of what a Relation of equal 
 
 AfHnity
 
 .(, 79 ) 
 
 Affinity may have given him) fliould acquire any Profit, it is not h'abls to be 
 fliared by his Partners. 
 
 If a Father gives by his own Choice, Land, Houf??, Orchards, and the 
 Earnings of his own Tnduflry, to One of his Sons, the other Sons (hall not 
 receive any Share of it. 
 
 Every Man fliali take of tlie Water of a Pool, or of a Well, according to 
 liis NecefTity: No Account is to be had of a greater or lefllr Share in this 
 Article. 
 
 Exclusive of Glebe Land, if any other Property of a Father, or Grandfa- 
 ther, be not occupied, and One of the Partners by Affinity, without employ- 
 ing the Joint Stock, and exclufive of the Labour or Efforts of the other Part- 
 ,ners, by Permiftion alfo of the other Partners, entered upon fuch Property, it 
 'Jliill not be divided into Shares; if, in the fame Manner, by Permiflion of the 
 Partners, One of them occupies any Glebe Land of his Father and Grandfather, 
 then he fliall divide fuch Gkbe into Four Shares ; and from thence he ihall 
 iirfk take to himfclf One Share, and afterwards divide the Three remainino^ 
 Shares equally becween himfelf and his Partners. 
 
 Lv a Parrnerlliip of Affinity, the Wearing- Apparel of each Partner, all the 
 Neceflaries of his Sewarree (or travelling Equipage) the Ornaments worn about 
 his Perfun, the VefTels and Diflies for Meat and Drink, that are in immediate 
 Ufe, and the Slave Girl, whom he has the firft deftined for his Hdram^ ex- 
 clufive of other Girls, and alfo the Carpets and Mats for fitting and fleeping, 
 that are in conflant Service, of thefe Things, if One Man expends a lelTer and 
 another a larger Quantity, no Account fliall be had of fuch greater or leifer 
 Shares ; and if, of thefe Things, there are not more in the Moufe than One for 
 each Perfon, they Ihall all receive equal Shares. 
 
 N n The.
 
 ( So ) 
 
 The Place of Poojeb, that Is of Worfhip, and the Place ofju^g^ which has 
 already been explained under the Article ofjugg^ in the Se(5lion of a Woman's 
 Property, is not liable to be fhared: As alfo the Tagur^ or Idol of Adoration, 
 is not liable to Divifion. 
 
 The Space of Ground occupied by the Houfe-Drain, the Path left for the 
 Paffage of the Cattle, and the Path of the Great Gate of theHoufe, are not 
 liable to Divifion. 
 
 Whatever is immediately neceiTary to any Perfon is not liable to be fhared : 
 As for Inftance, when Two, Four, ^c. Perfons are Partners, One of them hires 
 himfelf as a Servant, another becomes a Pundit^ another a Painter, and, in this 
 Manner, they all exercife different Profeflions, then each of them fhall take of 
 what may be in the Houfe, according to the Occafions of his ov/n PcofefTion; 
 if there is but One Article, they fliall all take equal Shares of itj but if that 
 Article be any Inftrument belonging to the Calling exercifcd by any One of 
 them, that Perfon Ihall take it, and Ihall give all his Partners their Proportion 
 of the Price of it. 
 
 If, during the Life-time of a Father, all his Sons, either by Order of their 
 Father, or even without Prohibition from their Father, make for themfelves 
 Houfes and Gardens upon their Father's Land, if the Land fo taken be in 
 greater or lefferQiiantities, it is not liable to be fhared; but if among thefe fome 
 have made, and fome have not made, Houfes and Gardens, then it fhall be 
 divided into ec^ual Shares. 
 
 SECT.
 
 ( 8i ) 
 SECT. X. 
 
 Of a Father s Dividing among his S-ons the Property 
 
 earned by himjelf. 
 
 If a Father divides among his Sons the Property earned by himfelf, he 
 fhall give it according to his own Choice •, if it is not the Father^s Choice, 
 his Sons fhall not have Authority to force him to fuch a Divifion. 
 
 If a Father gives to his Sons, by his own Choice, a fmall Share of the Pro- 
 perty earned by his own Induftry, and keeps a larger Portion to himfelf, hs 
 has the Power •, alfo^ if, after expending what he referved for himfelf, he re- 
 quires Food and Cloaths from his Sons, he Iliall have Power to take it. 
 
 If a Father divides among his Sons the Property earned by himfelf, he 
 fhall divide it among all his Sons, by equal Sliares ; but if any One of the 
 Sons hath been particularly dutiful to his Father, or hath a very lirge Family, 
 or is incapable of getting his own Living, upon thcfe Three Accounts, if he 
 gives a larger Share to fuch Suns than to the reft, he has Authority for fo 
 doing. 
 
 If a Fatlier, infligated by Refentment, or by a particular Fondnefs for the 
 Mother cf any One of his Son?, or by the Infiuence of any Fit of Sicknefs, 
 divides the Property acquired by himfelf unequally among his Sons, fuch 
 Divifion is not approved. 
 
 If all the Sons go at once in a Body to their Father, jointly requefting their 
 refpedtive Shares of his Fortune, in that Cafe, the Father fhall give equal 
 
 Shares
 
 ( 82 ) 
 
 Shares of the Property earned by himfelf to t^e Son incapable of getting his 
 own Living ; to the Son who hath been particularly dutiful to him, and to the 
 Son who hath a very large Family, and alfo to the other Sons who do not lie 
 under any of thefe Three Circumftances, in this Cafe, he Ihall not have Power 
 to give to any .One of them more or lefs than to the others. 
 
 If a Father has occupied any Glebe belonging to his Father, that was not 
 before occupied, he fhall not have Power to divide it among his Sons in unequal 
 .SJiares, as in the Cafe of Property earned by himfelf. 
 
 SECT. XL 
 
 Of a Father s Dividing among his Sons the Property left by 
 
 his Father and Grandfather* 
 
 If a Father defires to divide among his Sons the Property of his 
 Failicr and Grandfather, whenever he altogether defpairs of having a Son by 
 any One of his Wives, he may divide and give it to them at his own Choice j 
 if he has Hope of a Son from any One Wife, he has not Authority to divide 
 ir. 
 
 If it be not the Father's Choice, the Sons have no Authority to take 
 from him by Force their rcfpe6tive Shares of their Anceftors Property ; 
 even if there is no Expectation that their Father fhall ever have another Son, 
 Hill tliey have not Authority to take it. 
 
 Iv a Father, by his own Choice, divides among his Sons the Property of 
 his Father and Grandfather, he l"hall take to himfelf a double Share, and fhall 
 give a fingk Share to £ach of his Sons. 
 
 If
 
 { 83 ) 
 
 If a Father divides among liis Sons the Glebe, Orchards, Houfes, Rents, 
 Slave Girls, and Slaves of his Father and Anccftors, to the Son who hath a 
 .large Family, to the Son who is incapable of getting his own Living, to the 
 Son who hath been particularly dutiful to his Father, and to all his other Son% 
 he Ihall give it in equal Shares j he hath no Authority to give to fome more, to 
 others lefs j and thele Things alfo he hath no Power to fell, or to give away, 
 without the Confent of his Sons. 
 
 A Father HkiII not fo give away, or fell theEffcfts and Glebe belonging to 
 himfclf, or to his Father and Anceftors, as that his immediate Dependants 
 iliould be diftreffed for Want of Vidluals or Cloathing; if, refcrving fo much 
 as may be neceifary for the immediate Food and Cloaths of his Dependants, 
 he fhould fell, or give away the reft of the Property, he has Authority fo to 
 ffell and give away. 
 
 If a Father, exclufive of the Glebe, the Rents, the Slave Girls, and the 
 Slaves of his Father and Anceftors, divides the reft- of their Property among 
 his Sons, then, in the fame Manner as theProperty earned by himfclf, in giving 
 ,a Share to the Son who hath the large Family, to the Son who cannot get 
 his own Living, and to the Son who hath been particularly dutiful, he has 
 Power to give them a larger or a fmaller Shares if all the Sons in a Body defire 
 their refpedive Shares, then there fhall be no One Share, greater or kfs than 
 another. 
 
 If a Father, at the Time of dividing the Property gained by himfelf, or that 
 of his Father and Anceftors, among his Sons, parts the whole into Twenty 
 equal Shares, and from thence gives One Share to his Eideit Son, he has Au- 
 thority to do fo -y and he fhall then divide the other Nineteen Parts equally be- 
 tween his Eldeft and his othtr Sons. 
 
 O o If
 
 ( H ) 
 
 If a Man, of the Tribe of Sooder^ of his own Choice, gives an equal Share 
 of his Property to the Son born cf a Concubine, and to the Son born of a 
 Wife, he has Power to do it. 
 
 If a Father fhould die without having divided his Property, then,whatever 
 Share the Son bo: n of aWife may receive, the Son born of the Concubine fhall 
 receive Half as much. 
 
 If there is no Son born of the Wife, nor Grandfon, nor Grandfon's Son, 
 nor Wife, nor Daughters, nor Daughter's Son, then the Son born of the Con- 
 cubine fhall receive the v/hole Property. 
 
 If there is a Daughter's Son, he Ihall take an equal Share. 
 
 Whenever a Perfon gives a Share to his Sons, equal with the Share afTumed 
 by himfelf, to his Wife vv'ho hath neither Son, nor Grandfon, nor Grandfon's 
 Son, and to whom hath been given nought of thofe Things which conflitute 
 aWoman's Property, he fhall give One Share, at the Computation of the Share 
 of One Son J if any of thofe Things that conflitute a Woman's Property hatli 
 been given to the Wife, hefnall give her at the Computation of Half the Share 
 of OneSon. 
 
 If he hath given a fmall Sharj to his Sons, and hath refcrved a larger Part 
 for himfelf, he fliall then, from his ownShare, give to theWife above defcribcd 
 One Share, at the Computation or Rate of the Share of One Son. 
 
 If a Father, being fc-parated from his Sons, hath divided hisProperty among 
 them, according to the Ordinations of the Shajler, and he alfo taking his own 
 i)hare, according to the ShaJleV:^ returns no more to live with his Sons, after- 
 wards
 
 ( 85 ) 
 
 wards if he fliould have another Son by ths fame Mother, this Son fii ill receive 
 his Father's Share, and alfo v/hatcvcr Acqcafition of Property his Faihef may 
 have made after fuch Separation. 
 
 If feveral Sons are born af;er this Separation, they fliall all receiye equal 
 Shares •, and the'e Sons fliall pay whatever Debts their Father may have con- 
 tra(5ted after fuch Separation.. 
 
 The Sons who were firft fcparated from their Father Hiall not receive this 
 latter PrcpiTty, neither fliall they pay their Father's Debts ; and alfo the Son 
 who was born after the Separation fhall not receive from them any Share of 
 the original Property. 
 
 *^*This Ordination concerns folely the Property immediately acquired by 
 the Father. 
 
 If a Father divides the Property of his Father and Grandfather among his 
 Sons, according to i\iQ Shajler \ as for Inftance, he takes to himfclf a double 
 Share, and gives a fmgle Share to each of his Sons, afterwards another Son 
 is born, then that Son fhall receive from his Brothers an equal Share of the 
 Property that was divided, and fliall alfo receive, upon his Father's Death, an 
 equal Share of that Part of the Property which remained in his Father's Pof- 
 fefllon upon Diviflon. 
 
 When a Father feparates from his Sons, and gives to them their refpecflive 
 Shares of his Property, and alfo takes to himfclf his own Share, if at that 
 Time the Mother of thofe Sons b.- b'g v/ith Child, the Son born after this 
 Separation iliall receive an equal Share from the Sons who are fcparated •, and 
 they fliall all receive equal Shares of all that may be their Father's Property •, 
 and they fliall all contribute to pay any Debts wliich the Father may have 
 contraded. 
 
 SECT.
 
 ( S6 ) 
 
 SECT. xir. 
 
 Of So?2s Dividhig the Property left hy their Father. 
 
 If a Man, having aWife, and Sons born from thatWife, dies, or renounces 
 •theWorld, or gives up all hisEffc<5ls,or is expelled from hisTribe and Relations, 
 fo long as that Wife lives, it is not n right and decent Cuftom, that thofe Sons 
 tfhould fliare, and receive among themfelves the Property left by that Pcrfon,; 
 if the Wife aforefaid gives them Inftru6lions accordingly, then the Sons have 
 Authority to divide it : At the Time of Divifion, if the Wife is defirous to 
 receive a Share, ^wt Hiall take One Share, at the Rate of the Share of One Son.; 
 if llie does not wifli to Iiave a Share, jfhe (hall receive Vidluals and Cloaths. 
 
 If a Man hath given to his Wife, or if the Father of that Man hath given 
 to the Wife, ought of thofe Things that conftitute a Woman's Property^ 
 then the Sons of that Perfon, at the Time of Hiaring his Property, fliall give 
 to their Mother, at the Com-putation of Half the Share of One Perfon •, and to 
 any ether Wife of their Father, having neither Son, nor Grandfon, nor Grand- 
 fon's Son, they fliall not give a Share, but (hall give her Vi(fluals and 
 •Cloaths. 
 
 *^.* This Ordination is according to Sewarteh Eehtacharige, and Sirree 
 Kjffjen Jerkalungkur. and J-eimoot: Bihun, and is approved (or cuilomar.y in this 
 Kingdom.) 
 
 The Father's Wife, having neither Son, nor Grandfon, nor Grandfon's 
 
 Son, Oall receive an equal Share with that of the Son, according to the Or- 
 
 .dinations of the Pundits of Melhilla. 
 
 If
 
 ( 87 ) 
 
 If all the Brothers of One Family, by their own Choice, live together, then 
 the Elder Brother, taking upon himfelf the Command of the Family, fliall, in 
 Manner of a Father, lend his AfTiftance towards the Support and Education 
 of his Younger Brothers i and the Younger Brothers alfo, confidcring their 
 Elder Brother in the Light of a Father and Patron, Ihall demean themlclvcs 
 conformably to his Pleafure. 
 
 If the Elder Brother is unfit for the Management of Affairs, then whichever 
 of the Brothers is moft capable fhall take the Burden of them all upon himfelf, 
 and Ihall govern the Family. 
 
 To live together is the Refult of tlic general Confent of all the Partners, 
 and to feparate arifcs from the Inclination of any One of them, therefore, if, 
 in conlequence of the Inclination of One among them, they feparate and di- 
 vide their Stock, the Share of any Perfon who is abfent, and the Share of 
 him who is a Child, fliall be refervcd for them, in fome h^c Place, tha: it 
 may not be loR- or diminilhed. 
 
 If all the Brothcjs, by their own Choice, fele6ling tlie Twentieth Part of 
 Property above-mentioneJ, before the general Divifion, prcf.nt it to their 
 Elder Brother, and then ihare equally the remaining Nineteen Parts between 
 the aforefaid Elder Brother and the Younger Brothers, it may be done; if it 
 be not-the Clioice of all the Brothers, and the Elder Brother makes demand 
 of this Twentieth Part, he fliall not have Power to take it. 
 
 If any Member of a Partnerfliip by Affinity gives up his Share, by his own 
 Choice, and leaves his Partners, then the Partners afjjrefaid, for the Sake of 
 Jiindering all future Difputes, that none of his Heirs might, at any diftant Pe- 
 
 P p riod,
 
 ( 88 ) 
 
 riod, make any Demand, fliall ^jive fomething to that Perfon, and take from 
 
 Jiim ,1 wric'.cn Acknowledgment. 
 
 At the 71:tic that Partners by Affinity take their refpedive Shares of Pro- 
 perty bequeathed them, it is neceflary, that they difcharge the Debts of the 
 Man wlioft Ellate they inherit; if they are unable to pay the Debts, they (hall 
 paciJ-y the Creditor, and, taking their Share of the Property, give a Promife to 
 pay the Dtb:s hereafter, and Ihall pay accordingly, fooner or later, according 
 to their Shares; and if the Deceafed had intended to give ought to any Perfon, 
 they Ihall give that alfo, upon their alTuming their Shares of the Property left 
 to them. 
 
 Among Partners, if One Perfon has a very large Family, and the others 
 liave but fmali Families, then the Men of fmall Families, at the Time of 
 iliaring the Property, fhall not have Liberty to fpeak to the Man of large 
 Family, upon Account of the larger Quantity of Viduals and Cloaths ex- 
 pended, during the Time of their living together, but fliall receive, in equal 
 Shares, whatever is there colleded. 
 
 If a Brother, or an unmarried Sifter, hath not yet performed the Ceremony 
 of having the Ears bored, or of affuming the Braminical Thread, or of firfi: 
 tailing Salt, and the other Partners have all gone through thefe Duties, then 
 the Partners, at the Time of dividing their Effefts, fliall give to thefe (exclu- 
 five of their Shares) whatever is neceffary for the Expence of thefe Ceremo- 
 nies, according to theirAbilities, and fliall then divide, in equal Shares, the reft 
 of the Property, if the whole Property is not fufficient to anfvver the Expence 
 of thele Ceremonies, then the Partners above-mentioned ftiall refpe6lively ufe 
 ihcir Endeavours, to acquire Sufficiency for the Performance of thefe Duties. 
 
 If
 
 (89) 
 
 If a Grandfather dies, not leaving a Son, and theGrandron tiiaf^es Divifion 
 of his Effe6ls, then' the Wives of the Grandflither, if they take their Share of 
 what he left, ihall receive equal Shares with the Grandlyn. 
 
 If they da not take their refpeftive Shares, the Grandfon fiiall give theni 
 Vi(5tuals and Cloaths •, if thofe Wives have received what hath been defcribcd 
 to be a Woman's Property, they Ihall receive a Share, at the Computation of. 
 Half the Share of the Grandfon. 
 
 SECT. XIII. 
 
 Of Divid'mg they oint Stock of Perfons^ who agree to live 
 together <i after ths Original Difperfion a?id Separation of 
 the Family. 
 
 When a Man, after Separation, refumes again, upon a friendl^'Footing, 
 his Connexion with his Father, his Brother, or his Paternal Uncle, and an 
 Agreement is made between them, that, " My Property is yours, and your 
 Property is mine," and this Agreement alfo, on both Sides, is made with up- 
 right Intentions, it is called Sungferfut-heh, 
 
 *^* The Meaning of Sungferfut-heh is when, after a Separation, a frefh Con- 
 nexion takes place. 
 
 Exclusive of thofe Perfons above-mentioned, if a Man refumes his Con- 
 nexion with any other Perfon, fuch Circumitance is not called Sungferjiu-hch. 
 
 V This
 
 ( 90 ) 
 
 %* This is according to the Ordination of Jeimooi Bahun^ and Seivarteb 
 BehtacbarigCy and is approved (or cuftomary.) 
 
 But the Pundits of Mcthilla fay, that when a Perfon, after Separation 
 from any Relation whatever, refumes his Connexion with him, fuch a Cir- 
 cnmftance is called Suiigferfut-heh. 
 
 If Two or more Brothers, after Separation, refume again their Connexion, 
 and then feparate the Second Time, they fhall receive equal Shares of their 
 Joint Effects. 
 
 If a Man, after Separation, refuming his former Connexion, hath in the 
 mean Time acquired any Profit, by Dint of Science and Indullry, or by Paint- 
 ing, or any other Art, from that Profit, he fhall take to himftlf a double Share, 
 and (hall give to each of his Partners a fingle Share. 
 
 If a Faiher, after Separation from his Sons, refumes his Connexion with 
 One or more of thofe Sons, and, after that Separation, the Father fliould beget 
 another Son, then tlie Sons who, af er Separation, refumed their Connexion, 
 and every Son who was born after that Separation, after rlie Death of their 
 Father, fliall receive equal Shares, and ihali, in equal Proportions, difcharge 
 the Father's Debts. 
 
 All thofe Sons, who rtfumed not their Connexion with their Father, have 
 no Concern, either with the EffeiSts of their Father or with the Paymenrt of 
 his Debts. 
 
 •If a Father, after Separation from his Sons, refumes his Connexion with 
 Cne or more ef thofe Sons, and, afcer that Separation, the Father fliould 
 
 beo-et
 
 ( 91 ) 
 
 beget another Son, if the Father, after fiich Separation, without the Eltbrts 
 of his Sons, and without Employment of the Common Stock, (hould acquire 
 any Property, that Property, after the Death of the Father, fhall be received 
 by whatever Son was born after fuch Separation; and the others, who again 
 refume their Connexion, fliall not receive it. 
 
 If the Father, by Employment of the Common Stock, and by the Efibrts 
 and Labour of his Sons acquires any Property, it Iball be divided by equal 
 Shares. 
 
 And if the Father, for his own Purpofes, contrads any Debt, the fame Son 
 who was born after the Separation (liall difcharge them. 
 
 SECT. XIV. 
 
 0/ a Partner^ s receiving his Share of the yoint Stocky after 
 a lo?jg Space of Time hath elapfed\ afo of the Liheriiance 
 of the Sons of a IVomait of the Sooder Cafl^ by Two 
 different Hufbands ; and afo of adopted Sons. 
 
 If One of the Partners by Affinity, before Separation, goes Into another 
 Kingdom, and there fixes his Refidence, fo that, after a long Elapfe of Time, 
 either he, or his Son, or his Grandfon, or his Grandfon's Son, or any of his 
 Defcendants, fliould come to the Partners by Affinity before-mentioned, and 
 make demand of his Share, he fnall bring the Men of Credit among his 
 ]>ieighbours, his Relations, or any others, to prove his Affinity to the Man 
 who fixed his Refidence in a foreign Kingdom, and ffiall receive his Share of 
 Inheritance. 
 
 Q^q If
 
 ( 92 ) 
 
 If a Woman of the Sooder Caft, who hath borne a Son to her Huiband,: 
 fiiould take tliat Son with her, and go to live with another Man of the fame 
 Caft, and while fhe remains in the Houfe of this Second Perfon fliould bear to 
 him alfo a Son, then each Son that is born^ to either Man, after the Death of 
 that Man, (hull receive his particular Property,. 
 
 If the Mother of thefe Sons fhould die, then each Son Ihall feparately in- 
 herit whatever was given to his Mother by his own Father; and if the Mother 
 had any other Effefts, exclufive of what the Fathers gave, the Sons fhall 
 both receive equal Shares of it. 
 
 A Man, without Permifilon of his Partners by Affinity, Hiall neither give 
 away, nor fell to any One the Joint Property : If he gives away or fells a Pare 
 of it, at the Computation of his own Share, it is approved. 
 
 But if he gives, or fells, or mortgages fuch Property lo a Man of fraudulent 
 Principles, fo that Lofs and Vexations fliould accrue thereby to the Partners, 
 the Man who thus gives away, fells or mortgages fuch Property, is to be ac- 
 counted criminal. 
 
 *^* According to the 0\i\\n:iUov\ oi Sewarteh Behtackarige, Jeifuoot Bahun^ 
 and Sirree Kijhen Terkalungkar^ and is approved. 
 
 If any Perfon, without PermilTion of the Partners by Affinity, gives away, 
 klis or mortgages a Part of the Joint Property, on Computation of his own 
 Share, it is approved ; accoi dirg to the Ordir.ation of the Pundits of Aletkilla, 
 
 If to a Man,\\ho hath, before patronized an adopted Son, a Son fhould after- 
 wards be born of his own Seed, after the Death of the Father, the adopted 
 
 Son
 
 ( 93 ) 
 
 Son fliall receive a Tingle Share, and the begotten Son (hall receive a double 
 Share of his Property. 
 
 SECT. XV. 
 
 Of Dividing concealed EffeBs j and of reSlifying unequal 
 Divifions'^ and of the Modes of fettling the difputed Shares ^ 
 of Partners. 
 
 If any One of the Partners by AiHnity, at the Time of fharing and divid- 
 ing their Property, concealed any Part of the EfFcd?, and this Circumllance 
 fhould afterwards appear, that Part fhall then be divided equally among all 
 i.iot the other Partners, and the Man who concealed it. 
 
 But if any One of the Partners dill continues fufpicious, he fhall undergo 
 the Purrikeb, that is Ordeal for him y whoever is not fufpicious of him, he fliall 
 perform the Punikeb. 
 
 If, at the Time of Divifion of Joint Stock, the Partners by Miftakc fhould 
 have made an unequal DilUibution, it is not approved. 
 
 He who recti vcd too large a Share, v/henever the Miftake is proved, fhall 
 divide equally among them all the Overplus of his proper Portion. 
 
 . At the Time of Divifion of Joint Stock, if One Perfon be a Child, and 
 any One of tiie Partners fraudul^ndy takes from the Share of that Cliild, to 
 atid to his own, v.* hen this Circumfbance comes to be proved, that Child fliall 
 re-^cive from him the Balance of his Shars.
 
 ( 94 ) 
 
 If, at the Time of Dlvifion of Joint Stock, all the Partners, by their own 
 Free-Will, receive unequal Shares, fome more, fome lefs, and are afterwards 
 defirous to have an adjufted Settlement of their Shares, they fliall not have 
 the Power. 
 
 Every Kingdom has its own Cufloms, and every Town has its own 
 Cuftoms, fo every Tribe has its own Cuftoms j if, according to thofeCuftoms, 
 an unequal Divifion takes place, it is approved. 
 
 If the Mode of unequal Divifion has pafled regularly from Father and 
 Anceftors, this alfo is approved. 
 
 If One Perfon of the Partners by Affinity fliould fay, that " Our Pro- 
 perty has been fliared," and another Ihould fay, that " It hath not been 
 Ihared," and upon fuch a Diloute they ihould refer their Claims to Arbitra- 
 tion, Firfl, the Arbitrators fhall inquire the State of the Cafe, of the Men 
 defcended from the fame Grandfather with the Plaintiff and Defendant, and 
 who have formerly feparated from the Family. 
 
 If the Matter is not fettled by Inquiry from Perfons defcended from the 
 f&me Grandfather, they Ihall next examine the Relations and Kindred of the 
 Plaintiff and Defendant, 
 
 1/ it is not fettled by Examination of the Relations and Kindred of the 
 Pluintiff and Defendant, they fhall next inquire and examine the Divifion 
 Accounts-, if there is no Divifion Account, then the Arbitrators ihall proceed 
 t<ti examine Circumflances, as whether the Expence and Income of the Plaintiff 
 mA Defendant be feparate and apart. 
 
 Whether
 
 ( 95 ) 
 
 Whether their Agriculture and Trade be on either Side diflinA andfe- 
 parate. 
 
 If they are Bramins^ \f7hether One prefents the Dan^ and the other accepts 
 th^Dan: {ThtBcinis thus performed, they pronounce a certainKind of Charm, 
 or Incantation over any Thing, in the Wifh of a happy Futurity, and give it 
 as a Prefcnt to another Perfon:) Whether, between the Plaintiff and Defendant, 
 a Pledge is depoficed by One Party, and accepted by the other. 
 
 Whether, on either Side, One be Witntfs for the other, or One be Secu- 
 rity for the other. 
 
 Whether they perform the Seradeh An:azvus-y (that is, the Ceremonies of tlie 
 lad Night of the Lunar Month, which is called the Night of Darknefs.) 
 
 And the Serudeh-noivctm^ which is thus performed, in the Month Aghun^ 
 
 yearly, they put together new Rice, Milk, Sugar, Candy, ripe Plantains, Sugar 
 
 •Cane, Yam, Cocoa-Nut, Ginger, and Sugar-Candy, and perform the Fatehch 
 
 And the Seradeh Aperpukh : (Aperpukh is when, before the Tq^ Days, called 
 Rozidus-hareh^ upon the Days of the Shehbi 'Tareckee^^ (or Night of Darknefs) 
 which are Fifteen Days, fometimes in the Month oi Bhadun, and fometimes in 
 the Month of AJen^ they perform the Fateheh Buzurgwar :) Whether they per- 
 form all thefe Seradehs feparate and apart from eacli other. 
 
 R r The,v, 
 
 - — - -   - - ^ I *- - I ~ — - — J-. ■■-■---,   ^ ^ , , 
 
 • The Days in which the pompous Worfhip and Burial of the Hindoo Deities are celebrated. 
 f Or Night of Darknefs, fo called, becaufe then the Moonfhincs only a fmall Part of the Night.
 
 ( S6 ) 
 
 Then, although there be noWitnefs, or Divifion Accotint, to prove tlie real 
 State of the Cafe, if in thefe Ceremonies they aft feparately, it is to be accepted 
 as a Proof that a Divifion has before taken place. 
 
 SECT. XVI. 
 
 Of Acquiring Right of Pojfejffion in the Property of 
 
 another^ by UfufruSi, 
 
 A Person who is not a Minor (a Man ceafes to be a Minor at Fifteen 
 Years of Age^ nor impotent and incapable, nor difeafed, nor an Idiot, nor 
 fo lame as not to have Power to walk, nor blind, and who, on going before 
 aMagiflrate, is capable of diftinguifhing and taking up his own Concerns, and 
 who has not given to another Perfon Power to employ and apply to Ufe his 
 Property, if, in the Face of fuch a Perfon, another Man applies to his own Ufe, 
 for the Space of Twenty Years, the Glebe Land, or Iloufes, or Orchards of 
 that Perfon, without Let or Moleftation from him, from the Twenty-firfl: 
 Year, the Property becomes invefted in the Perfon fo applying fuch Things 
 to Ufe-, and any Claim of the Firll Perfon above-mentioned upon fuch Glebe, 
 Houfes or Orchards, fhall by no Means Hand good-, but if the Perfon before- 
 mentioned comes under any of the Circumftances herein before defcribed, his 
 Claim in that Cafe fliall fland good. 
 
 *^"* According to the Ordinations of Sirree Kerrachurige, and Palccky and 
 J ague Logue^ and Bhebdeeb Bhet^ and Sool Pdnce, and Chendcefur^ and Se^joarteh 
 Behtacharige-, and is approved (or cuflomary.) 
 
 A Person
 
 ( 97 ) 
 
 A Person who is not a Minor, nor impotent and incapable, nor difeafedy 
 nor fo lame as not to have Power to walk, nor blind, and who, on going before 
 a Magiilrate, is capable of diflinguifhing and taking up his own Concerns, and 
 ■who has not given to another Perfon Power to employ and apply to Ufc his 
 Property, if, in the Face of fuch a Perfon, another Man applies to his ownUle, 
 for the Space of Ten Years, the Gold and Silver, the Jewels, the Cloaths, the 
 woven Silks, the Hoiifliold-Furniture, and Iron Inftruments, and other Goods 
 and Chattels of this Kind (exclufive of Glebe, Houfes and Orchards) belonging 
 to that Perfon, without Let or Moleftation from him, from the Eleventh Year, 
 the Property becomes inverted in the Perfon fo applying fuch Gojds and Chat-, 
 tels toUfej and any Claim of the Firft Perfon before-mentioned, for Pofleflloa 
 of any fuch Goods and Chattels, fliall by no Means ftand good. 
 
 But if the Perfon before-mentioned comes under any of the Circumllances 
 herein before defcribed, his Claim in that Cafe lliall Hand good. 
 
 *^* AccoRpiNG to the Ordinations of Sirree Kerrachar'ge, and Pcilcok, and 
 J'dgue Lb^ue^ and Bbeb-deeb Bbc'^ and SccI PdneCy and Chendcejur^ and Seis:b.rteh 
 Behtddjiirige-, and is approved. 
 
 Tf anv Perfon hatli occupied the Glebe, Houfes and Orchards, of another 
 Perfon, and applied them to his own Ufe, and that Perfon, within the Space 
 of Twenty Years, makes any Let or Moleftation, then the Glebe, Houfes 
 and Orchards above-mentioned, revert to the Perfon aforefaid ; but of the Pro- 
 duce ot thc-ir-, whai-foever tlie other Perfon has expended, he fliall not receive 
 any Thing. 
 
 F.xcLusiVE ot Glebe, Ploufes and Orchards, if any Perfon has entered 
 upen, and applied to his own Ufe, any other Goods and Chattels belonging 
 
 10
 
 ( 98 ) 
 
 to aiiothcr Fei Ion, and thit PcH-fon, witliin the Space of Ten Years, lays claim 
 to thofe Goods, then the Goods and Chattels fo claimed fliall revert to that 
 Perfon ; but if the other Perfon lias made any Profit by thofe Things, he fhall 
 not receive any of it. 
 
 If any of the original EffecTts be fpoiled or expended, that Perfon fliall 
 make it good, and the Magiftrate fhall infiid upon that Perfon the fame 
 .Punilliment as upon a Robber. 
 
 , Any Thing depofited as a Pledge, any Thing committed to the Cuftody 
 ct another, under Hand and Seal, any Thing intrufled to another by Ho-wakh : 
 (Howakh is Vv'hen a Perfon, in friendly Confidence, intrufts to another his 
 'Glebe Land, Orchards, Houfes, Kine, Horfes, Elephants, Camels, and fuch 
 -Kind of Cattle, as alfo his Houfliold-Furniture, and all hisGoods and Chattels.) 
 
 Things intrufled in either of thefe Three Modes, if that Perfon, without 
 Let or Molcftation, has applied to his own Ufe, for a very confiderable 
 i^ength of Time, yet, when the Owner aforefaid fhall make demand for thofe 
 Things, he fhall receive them : Thefe Kind of Things do not ^come under 
 the Limitation of Twenty Years, and ef Ten Years. 
 
 Suppose a Peifon, having applied to his own Ufe the Glebe Land, Or- 
 rChards and.Houfes of a Stranger, for the Space of Twenty Years, fliould then 
 die, and the Sen of that Perfon alfo, for the like Space of Twenty Years, having 
 applied the fame to his own .Ufe, Ihould then die, and the Grandlbn of that 
 Perfon likewife, having applied the fame to his own Ufe, for the like Space of 
 Twenty Years, and fhould then die, the Glebe Land, Houfes and Orchards above- 
 iiientioncd, are ;-pplicd to Ufe,, by the Sen of the Grandfon of that Perfon. 
 
 la
 
 ( 99 ) 
 
 In this Cafe, while the Property pafled through Three different PoffefTors, 
 for the Space of Sixty Years, if the right Owner of the Glebe Land, Hotfrs 
 and Orchards before-mentioned, through Inattention and Ignorance, hath at- 
 tempted no Let or Moleflarion, in the Sixty-firft Year, the Claim of tlie 
 Defcendants of that Owner fliall by no Means ftand good ; the Glebe, Tloufes 
 and Orchards above-mentioned, fliall remain in Poflclfion of the Perfon who 
 •has applied them to Ufe. 
 
 Suppose a Perfon, having applied to his own Ufe the Glebe, Iloufes and 
 Orchards of a Stranger, for the Space of Sixty Years, through Inattention and 
 Ignorance of the rightful Owner, fhould die, or if he and liis Son togetlier, 
 having applied them to Ufe, for Sixty Years, fhould then die, and his Grandfon 
 alfo enjoys the prefent Ufe of fuch Property, in this Cafe, if the rightful 
 Owner, or the Defccndants of the rightful Owner, even after this Term of 
 Sixty Years, put in their Claim, or caufe any Let or iVIoIcftation, then the 
 Glebe, Orchards and Houfes aforefaid, fhall revert to fuch Ow^ner, and to the 
 Defcendants of fuch Owner j and the Man who applies them to Ufe fliail not 
 retain PoflcfTion of them. 
 
 Suppose a Perfon, having applied to his own Ufe, for more than Twenty 
 Years, the Glebe, Orchards and Houfes of a Stranger, lliould then die, and the 
 Son of that Perfon alfo, having applied the fame to his own Uie, for a lefs 
 Space of Time than Twenty Years, fiiould then die, and his Grandlon nlfo, 
 having applied the fame to his own Ufe, for Twenty Years, fhould then die, 
 in this Cafe, if the Property has paiTed through Three different PofTclTcrs, who, 
 having applied it to Ufe, for the Space of Sixty Years, r.re fince dead, yet the 
 Son of his Grandfon fhall not receive tliat Glebe, but it iliall ^o to the original 
 Ov/ner. 
 
 S f If
 
 ( loo ) 
 
 If Two Perfons pofTefs feparate Writings, as a Bill of Sale, a Deed of Gift, 
 or a Morrgagc, all properly authenticated, to entitle them to the fame Thing ; 
 as for Inftance, One Pcrfon has a Bill of Sale, or a Deed of Gift, and the other 
 has a Mortgage, and the fame Date fliould be upon the Deeds of both Claim- 
 ants, or by Accident the Date happens to be obliterated, fo that it cannot be 
 afcertained which Inftrument is prior to the other. 
 
 In that Cafe, the Property before-mentioned fliall belong to that Perfon, 
 vfhoy in Sight of the Perfon poflefling the other Deed, without Let or 
 Moleftation from him, has appropriated and applied that Property to his own 
 
 Ufe. 
 
 Such Property fhall not go to the Man, who, not having appropriated or 
 applied it to his own Ufe, hath not attempted any Let or Moleftation to the 
 other Perfon. 
 
 If it hath not been applied to Ufe by either of them, they fhall both divids 
 and receive equal Shares of it. 
 
 *^* According to the Ordinations of PacbeJI.fuitee Mifr ; and is approved. 
 
 Helayoodeb fpeaks to this Effed, viz. That he who polTefies a Mortgage 
 (hall receive a fmail Share, and he who poircflcs a Bill of Sale, or a Deed of 
 Gift, fhall receive a larger Share. 
 
 If the Path to and from a Houfe, or the Space of Ground occupied by 
 the Houfe-Drain of One Pcrfon, be in the Territories of another Perfon, that 
 Pcrfon, who always hath pafled to and fro, iliall continue fo to do •, the other 
 Perfon aforefaid, though he hath a Right of Property in the Ground, and 
 
 hath
 
 ( 10' ) 
 
 hath an attefted Sioinud thereof, fhall not have Authority to caufe hiin an/ 
 Let or Moleftation. 
 
 When Two Perfons, between whom a Difpute hath arifen, refer it to Ar- 
 bitration, the Arbitrators, at the Time of Examination, (hall efteem Wic- 
 nefies of more Validity than Opinion •, and if there be any Writing produced, 
 they Ihall g;ve more Credit to that Writing than to Witneffes. 
 
 Suppose Two Perfons {hould quarrel about the Right of Property iri 
 certain Glebe Lands, or Houfes, or Orchards, and One of them fhould produce 
 a written Deed, the other (after that' the Property in Difpute has been occu- 
 pied for the Space of Sixty Y'cars, by Three following PofTefTors, who are 
 now dead) is the Fourth Perfon now in PoflcfTion of fuch Property. 
 
 In that Cafe, the PofTeflion of Three Perfons in SuccefTion is of more 
 Validity than the Writing. 
 
 The Perfon who is in prefent pofTefTion fhall obtain the Property of fuch 
 Glebe Land, or Houfes, or Orchards > and the Claim of him who produces 
 the written Deed Ihall not be heard. 
 
 If a Man has for a long Time applied to his own Ufe the EfFedls of a 
 Magiftrate, or of a Magiilrate's Servants, or the EfFeds of his Wife's Father, 
 or the Effedls of his Wife, or the Effe6ts of his Daughter's Hufband, or the 
 Effefts of ai?(?y<9/, or the Effedls of a Man defcended from the fame Grand- 
 father with himfelf, or the EfFe%^s of his intimate Friend, or the F.fFedls of his 
 Maternal Uncle, or Sifter's Son, or Paternal Uncle's Son, or fuch Kind cf near 
 Relations and Kindred, it is not approved (/. e. it Ihall not enfure him the 
 Property of them :) And if a Bramin^ who hath read the Beids^ fliould, for any 
 confiderable Time, apply to his ov/n Ufe any Perfon's Property, it is not 
 approved. ^ 
 
 CHAP.
 
 ( 102 ) 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 OJ Bulhar^ that is, of Jujlice, 
 
 Secfl. I. Of the Formsof adminiftering Juftlce. 
 
 Sect. II. Of Appointing a /^^^d-^/ (or Attorney.) 
 
 Seft. III. Of not Apprehending an accufed Party. 
 
 Sed. IV. Of Giving immediate Anfwer to a Complaint. 
 
 Seft. V. Of Plea and Anfwer. 
 
 Sed. VI. Of Two Sorts of Anfwer, proper and improper. 
 
 Sea. VII. Of Evidence. 
 
 Se<5l. VIII. Of proper and improper Evidence. 
 
 St(5t. IX. Of the Modes of examining WitnefTes. 
 
 Seel. X. Of Appointing Arbitrators more than once ; and of the 
 Mode of drawing up the Statement of a Caiife, 
 
 Sed. XI. Of Giving; Preference to a Claim. 
 
 SECT. I. 
 
 Of the Forms of ad??itntjler'mg ytifike. 
 
 If a Perfon brings a Complaint before a Magiftrate, in the Name of 
 another, the Maciltrate Ih all make a thorough Invefligation of the Affair i 
 
 otherwife
 
 ( "03 ) 
 
 otherwlfe he Ihall by no Means of himfelf lend lor the Cdmplainai\t, and 
 xaufe him to bring on his Complaint. 
 
 If any Perfon goes to an Arbitrator of Difcernment, for the Purpofe of 
 d-iflinguifhing the Nature of his own Caufe, the Arbitrator alio may makjc 
 fiich Invefligation. , 
 
 "When an Arbitrator of Difcernment hears any Affair, he l!iall ftrll de- 
 mand of the Plaintiff, " What is your Claim ?" The Plaintiff fhall then relate 
 his Claim : Afrerwards he fliall demand of the Defendant, " What Anlwer 
 do you return in this Cafe ?" The Defendant alfo fhall then repeat his Anlwer, 
 upon thus having heard the Accounts of both Plaintiff and Defendant. He 
 vho thoroughly inveftigates the Nature of the Affair is called an Arbitrator 
 of Difcernment, and fuch an Arbitrator as this fliall be chofen. 
 
 A Magistrate, at the Time of Examination, fli^ll have near him a Man 
 of Knowledge and Difcernment, and Officers tried by his own Experience, 
 and a learned BramiUj and fliall then examine the Cafes of the Plaintiff and 
 Defendant. 
 
 If a Magiflrate,for any particular Reafon, cannot himfelf examine a Caufe, 
 he fliall delegate a Icar n^d Bramin as Examiner; if there is no learned Brnmn, 
 •he fliall delegate a learned Chehteree; if there is no learned Cbehicrce^ he fliall de- 
 legate an intelligent Bice as Examiner-, if there is no intelligent Bice, \\t fliall 
 delegate an unlearned Bramin as Examiner; he fliall never delegate a Soodcr as 
 Examiner upon the Sheeriee of the Shajlcr, or Beids of the Shajlcr: W*^hoever, 
 fitting aflde 2i Bramin, confl:itutes a Sooder Arbitrator, in any Affair of the Sbaf- 
 Jer, the PoffefTions and Property of fuch a Man are ruined and difllpated : If 
 a Sooder examines any Affairs of the Sbeertee of the SI:a,?er, he fliall pAV a Fine to 
 the Magifl:rate of Two Thoufand Funs of Cowries. 
 
 T t If
 
 ( IC4 ) 
 
 Ira learned Man is prefent when an Affair is examined before a Magi(^ 
 tratc, although the MagiflraD? fhould not delegate him as Examiner, yet he has 
 the Liberty of uttering his Sentiments to the Cafe in Point. 
 
 Whoever confiders in the fame Lighj^ his Friends and his. Enemies, and is- 
 knowing in the Beids of the Shajler^ and in the Sheertee of the Shajler^ and is a 
 Man of Honour, and a Speaker of Truth, to fuch learned Br^mins as thefe the 
 Magiilrate fhall give Money, and every Token of Refpeft and Confideration in 
 the Judgment-Seat, to have them near him j but he Ihall not retain fewer than 
 Ten of fuch Bramins. 
 
 The Magiftrate, having employed the firfl Four Ghurries of the Day in 
 bathing and praying, and having paid due Adorations to his Deity, fnall fit 
 upon the Judgment-Seat, to fettle Affairs, the Space of One and a Half P^^ j 
 at this Rate, the Bench will break up after the Second Paufs of the Day. 
 
 If an Affair is not properly examined, or is decided unjuffly, the Ftiult is 
 divided into Four Shares, and falls upon Four Parties, One Share upon the. 
 Plaintiff or Defendant, whichever of them was the Cauf.; of the improper Ex- 
 amination or Decifion ; and One Share falls upon the learned Bramins who 
 partook of the improper Exam.ination or Decifion-, and One Share to the 
 Witnefs v/ho gave in falfe Evidence: If the Examination is proper, the good 
 Refult of it is, that whatever Part of the Fault belongs to the MagiRrate, and 
 to the reft of thofe who were prefent upon the Bench, and partook of the Ex- 
 amination, all this Fault goes to tlie Perfon who made a futile and groundltfs 
 Complaint. 
 
 If fcveral Perfons, at the fame Time, make a Complaint to a Magiftrate, 
 or Arbiirator, then the Magiftrate, or ArbiLrator, at the Time of Invefti- 
 
 cation.
 
 ( '05 ) 
 
 gatlon, iiiail firfl examine the Caufe of Iiim who has Tuffered rhe mod Detri- 
 ments; if the Caufes of all the Complainants are equal, he fhall then examine 
 the Affair of him who is of the moft honourable Tribe; if all the Com- 
 plainants are of equal Tribes, and their Caufes alfo of equal Coniequence, 
 then the Suit of him who firit complained fliall be firft examined. 
 
 At the Time that the Plaintiff and Defendant are prefent before the 
 Magiflrate, or. Arbitrator, then that Magiftrate, or Arbitrator, Ihall take a. 
 Man of Refponfibility and Property as Bail or Security for fuch Plaintiff or 
 Defendant; if either the Plaintiff or Defendant are unable to give fuch 
 Security, a Peiadac, or Guard, lliall be appointed for both of them, and, in 
 the Evening, the Plaintiff and Defendant fhall give to that Peiadac Co'u.rkr 
 fufHcient for the Day's Subfiflence. 
 
 SECT. II. 
 
 0/ Appoiniing a Vakeel (or Attorney.) 
 
 If the Plaintiff or Defendant have any Excufe for not attending the Court; 
 or for not pleading their own Caufe, or, on any other Account, excufe them- 
 felves, they fhall, at their own Option, appoint a Perfon as their Vakeel \ if 
 the F"^/^!?^/ gains the Suit, his Principal alio gains ; if the Vakeel is cafl, his- 
 Principal is caft alfo. 
 
 In a Caufe where tlie Accufation is for Murder, for a Robbery, for Adul- 
 tery, for eating prohibited Food, for falie Abufe, for thiufbing a Finger into 
 the Tiidendum of an unmarried Virgin, for falfe Witnefs, or for deflroying any 
 Thing, the Property of a Magiflrate, a Vakeel mull not be appointed to plead 
 and anlwer in fuch Cafes j. the Principals fliall plead and anfwer in Perfon ^ 
 
 but
 
 ( io6 ) 
 
 but a Woman, a Minor, an Idiot, and he who cannot diflingulfli between 
 Good and Evil for himfelf, may, even in fuch Caufes as thefe, conftitute a. 
 VakceL 
 
 Except the Brother, Father and Son of the Plaintiff and Defendant, if any 
 other Pcrfon, at the Time of Trial, fliould abet, and fpeak for either Party, 
 the Magiilrate fliall exafl a Fine from him : If a Brother, a Father, a Son^ 
 or z.Vakeely fliauld afTift, and fpeak for either Party, it is allowed. 
 
 S"* E C T. III. 
 
 Of not Apprehending a?i accufed Party, 
 
 Jf a Perfon is employed in celebrating a Marriage, at that Time, neithci- 
 
 -a Creditor, nor any other Perfon for his own Concerns, iliall apprehend and 
 
 feize him : Ii' the Creditor, or any other Perfon, Ihould make complaint 
 
 againfl him before a Magiftrate, the Magiftrate alfo, during the Term of the 
 
 Marria^ie Feftivals, fhall not have Power to feize him. 
 
 o 
 
 If a Perfon, in a Fit of Sickncfs, until his Recovery, neither his Creditor, 
 nor any other Perfon for his own Concerns, fliall have Power to apprehend 
 and feize him : If the Creditor, or any other Perfon, during fuch Sicknefs, 
 makes complaint in his Name, the Magiftrate alfo, during his Diforder, lliall 
 not apprehend him. 
 
 If a Man is employed in xYitJiigg^ the Pocjeh, the Ban, or any fuch religious 
 tDuties, until he finds Rcfpite from thofe Offices, neither his Creditor, nor any 
 .other Perfon upon his own Concerns, Ihall have Power to apprehend and feize 
 
 him :
 
 ( 107 ) 
 
 him.i if a Complaint Is lodged againfl him before a Magiilrate, the Magiflrate. 
 alfo fliall not apprehend him during that Period. 
 
 If any Perfon is appointed Fakeel to plead or anfwer in any Suit, until fie 
 is releafed from fiich Appointment, neither his Creditor, nor any other Perfoii 
 for his own Concerns, may have Power to apprehend and detain him ; if a 
 Complaint is lodged againfl him before a Magiftrate, the Magiflrate alio fhall 
 not apprehend him. 
 
 If any Perfon is employed, in the Magiflrate's Prefence, upon fuch Magif- 
 trate's Affairs, until he is releafed from the Magillrate's Bufmefs, neither his 
 Creditor, nor any other Perfon for his own Concerns, fhall have Power to 
 apprehend or feize him; if a Complaint is lodged againfl him before a Magif- 
 trate, that Magiflrate alfo fliall not apprehend him. 
 
 If any Perfon is employed in feeding his Kinc, or Buffaloes, or Goats, or 
 Sheep, or fuch Kind of domeftick Animals, until he is at Leifure fi"om fuch 
 Occupation, neither his Creditor, nor any other Perfon for his own Concerns, 
 lliall have Power to apprehend and detain him; if the Creditor, or any other 
 Perfon lodges a Complaint againfl him, the Magiflrate alfo, during that Pe- 
 riod, mufl not apprehend him. 
 
 ,If any Perfon is employed in watching his Tillage, until he returns from 
 thence, neither his Creditor, nor any other Perfon for his ov/n Concerns, may 
 have Power to apprehend and detain him; if a Complaint is preferred againfl 
 him before a Magiflrate, the Magiflrate alfo fliall not apprehend him during 
 that Period. 
 
 If any Perfon is employed as a Painter, a Carpenter, a Builder, or in other 
 Works of this Kind, until he is at Leifure from fuch Bufinefs, neither his Cre- 
 
 U u ditor,
 
 { io8 ) 
 
 ditor, nor any other Perfon for his own Concerns, fiiall have Power to appre- 
 hend and detain him-, if a Complaint is preferred againft him before a Magif- 
 trare, the Magiftrate alfo, during that Period, (hall not apprehend him. 
 
 If any Perfon is engaged inWar, until theWar is determined, neither a Credi- 
 tor, nor any other Perfon for his own Concerns, fhall at that Time apprehend 
 and detain him j if his Creditor, or any other Perfon, during that Period, pre- 
 fers a Complaint againfl him before a Magiflrate, the Magiftrate alfo fhall 
 not apprehend him. 
 
 If any Perfon is employed as a Meflenger, Until he returns, neither his Cre- 
 ditor, nor any other Perfon for his own Concerns, may have Power to appre- 
 liend and detain himj if a Complaint is preferred againft him before a Magif- 
 trate, the Magiftrate alfo, until he returns from tlie Execution of his MeiTage, 
 may not apprehend him. 
 
 If a Perfon is a Minor, his Creditor may not apprehend him-, and if the 
 Creditor makes complaint againft him before a Magiftrate, the Magiftrate alfo 
 fi:iall not have Power to apprehend him. 
 
 If a Scafon of Scarcity or Calamity fhould happen to any Kingdom or 
 7k)wn, until the Calamity is ceafed in that Kingdom or Town, a Perfon for 
 h'S own Concerns fiiall not have Power to apprehend and detain another; if 
 a Perfon on his own Concerns makes Complaint before a Magiftrate, the Ma- 
 giftrate alfo may not apprehend a Perfon during that Period. 
 
 If any Perfon, having a Claim on another, liath preferred his Complaint, 
 the Perfon fued muft anfwcr the Suit, and fettle the Claim, before he can 
 commence a Suit againft the other; if he makes a Complaint, the Magiftrate 
 Ihali exad a Fine from him, but his Suit fiiall not drop. 
 
 If
 
 ( ro9 ) 
 
 t 
 
 If any Perfon has made a Complaint againll anotlier, as that, " Siieh a 
 Perfon has traduced my Cliaradler, or has threatened me," in that Cafe, if the 
 Complainant had firft traduced, or threatened the other, the latter, without 
 anfvvering the Suit brought againft him, may prefer a Complaint againll the 
 other for Abufe, or for Threats. 
 
 If any Perfon hath firfb abufed another, or threatened him, after that, if 
 the Second lliould abufe or threaten the FirR-, he is not amenable ; but he 
 who full abufed, or threatened the other, iliall be fined by the Magiftrate. 
 
 If a Perfon, to procure a Man's Death, fliouid fet his Houfe on Fire, or 
 caufe him to take Poifon, or endeavour to alfaOlnate him, or Iliould fcize his 
 Wife, and carry her away with him, or plunder and take away all his Effe6ls 
 and Grain, if the other lliould deprive fuch a Man of Life, he is not amena- 
 ble : If a Bramin Ihould commit fuch Crimes as thefe above-mentioned, 
 his Life iliall not be taken away ; but if fuch a Bramin fhould come with 
 Intent to murder another, and that Perfon has no Means of efcaping, and 
 cannot fave his own Life, but by the Death of the Bramin^ in that Cafe, 
 if he (hould even kill the Bramin, the Magiftrate fhall not take a Fine from 
 him : Alio, if a Cov/ fhould attempt to kill any Perfon, and there is no Way 
 of efcaping, that Perfon may kill the Co\v, for the Prefrrvation of his own 
 L.'fe, and, in this Cafe, he fliall not be amenable. 
 
 If Two Perfons mutually abufe each other, or give Blows to each other, 
 and the Abule and Threats are equal on both Sides, the Magiftrate fhall exa6l 
 from each of them an equal Fine. 
 
 If any Perfon firft abufcs another, or gives him Blows, and afterwards the 
 Other returns him more Abufe, and a greater Number of Blows, the Magif- 
 trate
 
 ( no ) 
 
 trate fliall exa£l a Fine from both of themj but he who firft proceeded to 
 Violence Ihall pay the largeft Fine. 
 
 SECT. IV. 
 
 Of Giving immediate A?ijwer to a CompIai?2t* 
 
 If a Perfon brings a Suit againft another for the Murder of a Man, in 
 that Cafe, the Accufed, at the Time of appearing before a Magiftrate, fliall 
 immediately, upon the Spot, give his Anfwer to this Affair j he may not be 
 allowed any Time in giving his Anfwer. 
 
 I^ any Perfon -is apprehended on Account of a Robbery, that Perfon, at the 
 Time of appearing before a Magiftrate, or Arbitrator, fhall give immediate 
 Anfwer to this Affair, and fliall not be allowed any Delay in fpeaking. 
 
 If any Perfon accufes another for falfe and fcandalous Abufc, the Accufed, 
 when he comes before a Magiftrate, or Arbitrator, fliall immediately give his 
 Anfwer, and not be guilty of any Delay. 
 
 If any Perfon is apprehended upon an Affair concerning a Cow that pro- 
 •duces Milk, he fliall not be allowed any Procraftination in his Anfwer, but 
 fhail fpeak his Defence immediately. 
 
 On an Accufationfor drinking Wine, a Man muft not make any Delay in 
 giving his Anfwer, he fliall anfwer immediately to fuch an Affair. 
 
 If
 
 ( III ) 
 
 If a Man is apprehended, on a Complaint, for criminal Convcrfation w'tK 
 any of his Father's Wives, exclufive of her who bore him, in fuch a Cafe, he 
 ihall not make delay in returning his Anlwcr, but fhall immediately anfwer to 
 the Point. 
 
 If any Perfon makes complaint againft another, that, " Such a Perfon his 
 deflroyed fome very valuable Goods of mine," in fuch an Affair, the Accufcd 
 ihall not make any Procrallination in his Anfwer ; he fliall anfwer immediately 
 to the Point. 
 
 If any Perfon has called a modeft Woman unchafte, and the Woman or 
 •her Hufband Ihould make complaint to a Magiftrate, whenever the Perfon 
 accufed appears before the Magiftrate, or Arbitrator, he fhall, upon the Spot, 
 ^infwer to the Complaint, and make no Delay. 
 
 If Two Perfons quarrel for Pofleflion of a Slave Girl, and both of them 
 ihould feparately afifert the Girl to be their own Property, and One of them 
 makes complaint againft the other before a Magiftrate, that Perfon fhall di- 
 redly give his Anfwer, and fhall make no Delay. 
 
 In all other Caufes, except fuch as have been before-mentioned, the De- 
 fendant may require fome Delay to give in his Anfwer; but the Accufcr fhall 
 in no Caufe make any Delay in his pleading. 
 
 If either the Plaintiff or Defendant, being terrified, are unable to give 
 immediate Anfwer, then, according to the Nature of the Affair, a Time fhall 
 be appointed them for giving in their Anfwer; if at the Time appointed they 
 are unable, either by fome Calamity of the Seafon, fome Innovation of the 
 Magiftrate, to give their Anfwer, they are not blamable; but they fhall be 
 
 X X held
 
 ( "2 ) 
 
 ht-ld to prove luch Calamity of the Seafon, or Innovation of the Magiftratc; 
 if they cannot produce this Proof, they fhall incur Blame ♦, and on the Time 
 appointed, if they, with any fraudulent Intent, do not give in their Anfwer, 
 the Magi (Irate Ihall make them amenable, and they fhall be caft in that Caufe. 
 
 SECT. V. 
 
 0/ Plea and A7ifwer. 
 
 When the Plantiff and Defendant come before the Maglftrate, or Arbitra- 
 tor, the Plaintiff at that Time fliall give an Account of the Circumflances of 
 his Plea, in fuch a Manner, that the Words be few and the Meaning extenfive, 
 and that no Doubt of the Senfe of his Speech may arife in the Minds of any 
 of the Audience, and tiiat the firfl and laft Parts of his Plea be well connefled 
 and confiilent, and the Caufe of the Difpute fhall be therein explained, and 
 the Reafon why the Defendant fliould be cafl; in the fame Manner alfo the 
 Defendant, after Conclufion of the Plaintiff's Plea, fliall return his Anfwer, 
 
 \i the Plaintiff gives, in Writing, to the Magiftrate, or Arbitrator, a State- 
 ment of his Cafe, he fliall write that Statement alfo, in the fame Manner that 
 hath been above diredledj and the Defendant alfo fhall write his Anfwer after 
 the fame Mode. 
 
 If the Plaintiff hath delivered in a written Statement of his Suit, until the 
 Defendant gives in his written Anfwer, the Plaintiff may take back his Repre- 
 ftntation, to alter what may be too full, or too concife, in fome Places, and give 
 in a frefli correc^ted Writing-, but if the Defendant hath delivered in iiis written 
 Anfwer, the Plaintiff may not corre(5t and rewrite what may he too copious, 
 or too contradled of his orio-inal Plea. 
 
 WriEW
 
 ( TS ) 
 
 When the Plaintiff", or Defendant, writes hisPlcaor Anfwer, it fhall be writterr. 
 with his own Hand ; if he is unable to write, he fhall caufe it to be v/ritten by 
 another : If the Plaintiff or Defendant ffiould give one Explanation of his 
 Cafe, and the Copy iff flioiild flate it another way, that Copy iff ffiall receive 
 the fame Funifhmcnt as a Robber. 
 
 In a Caufe concerning Property, if the Plaintiff or Defendant fhould be 
 guilty of a Miftake or two in the Courfe of his Pleading, he fliall not, upon 
 that Account, lofe his Suit, but the Magiftrate fhall fine him. 
 
 If a Perfon complains againft another, that, " Such a Perfon has kicked 
 me on the Head," and it Ihould afterwards appear that he has not kicked 
 him on the Plead, but has flruck him with his Fill:, that Perfon is condemned 
 in that Suit, and he fhall become amenable to the Magiftrate. 
 
 When the Plaintiff urges his Plea, the Defendant mull anfwer regularly, 
 according to the Plea, and not deviate from the immediate Subjed: of the Suit. 
 
 After Suit begun by the Plaintiff, if the Defendant lliould abfcond, 
 afcer an Abfence of One Month and an Half, he fhall be cafl. 
 
 After Suit begun by the Plaintiff, if the Defendant delays to anfwer 
 beyond Seven Days, he fliall be caftj if an appointed Day for Anfwer be 
 given him, and he does not give his Anfwer in the Time of that Appoint- 
 ment, he fliall be cafl. 
 
 If the Plaintiff urges his Plea, and the Defendant denies it, in that Caie, 
 when the Plaintiff, by producing Witneffcs, can prove his Suit, the Defendant 
 fhall be caft. 
 
 SECT.
 
 ( ^H ) 
 SECT. VL 
 
 Of Two Sorts of Arfdcer^ proper and improper. 
 
 That is a proper Anfwer, when, after Statement of the Plaintiff^s Plea, 
 
 upon the Defendant's giving in his Anfwer, he weighs his Words with fuch 
 
 Nicety, that they comprehend the whole of his Meaning, and no Doubt 
 
 arifes in the Audience from his pleading, and the firlt and laft Parts of his 
 
 -Speech are well connedled and confiflent, and he explains himfelf in fo clear 
 
 and perfpicuous a Manner, that every Perfon underftands him. This 
 
 is called a proper Anfwer. 
 
 That is an improper Anfwer which does not regularly take up the AfTer- 
 tions of the Plea ; as for Inftance, when the Plaintiff gives a full and copious 
 Statement of his Cafe, and the Defendant makes a contraded, defective An- 
 fwer, or when the Plaintiff's Plea is concife, and the Defendant's Anfwer pro- 
 lix i when there is a Difference and Inconfiftency between the firft and laft 
 Parts of the Anfwer, and when it is confufed and varied, fo as not to be in- 
 telligible. iThis is called an improper Anfwer. 
 
 The Two Modes of Anfwer, that have been explained above, arc com- 
 pofed of Four Diftinftions, viz, 
 
 Firji. Mut- hooter. 
 Second. Shumpertee-putt, 
 . Third, Pertubbijh Gunden, 
 Fourth. Ferranek Neeay, 
 
 FirJi.
 
 ( i'5 ) 
 
 Firj}. Mut-booUtt that is, an Anfwer denying the Plea. 
 
 Mut-hooter has Four Diftinflions. 
 
 Firjl. When the Plaintiff brings in a regular Bill, and the Defendant fays, 
 « Your Plea is falfe." 
 
 Second. When the Plaintiff brings in a regular BUI, and the Defendant fays, 
 "J know Nothing of the Matter." 
 
 'O 
 
 ^blrd. When the Plaintiff brings in his Suit, as, " In fuch a Year, I 
 depofited fuch Goods in your Hands, or lent you fuch a Sum," the De- 
 fendant anfwers, " In that Year, I was not yet born." 
 
 Fourth. When the Plaintiff brings in a regular Suit, that, '' In fuch a 
 Year, in fuch a Place, I depofited certain Goods in your Hands, or lent 
 you a Sum of Money," the Defendant anfwers, that, " In the Year fpecified, 
 I never was at the Place you mention," upon Anfwer being given in thefe 
 Four Methods, the Proof of the Plea refts with the Plaintiff. 
 
 Second. Shumpertee-putt is when a Man producing Claim upon another, 
 -the Perfon anfwers, " I confefs that the Subjedl of your Claim is in my Pof- 
 fcffion," in this Cafe, there is no Need of Writing or Witneffes. 
 
 Third. PertuMi/h Gunden is when a Man producing a Claim upon another, 
 the Perfon anfwers, " I acknowledge the Juft ice of your Claim," but at the 
 fame Time, if he has it not in his Power to make good the Subjed of the 
 Claim, he fhould io exprefs himfelf : Pertubhijb Gunden alfo admits of Three 
 Diftindions : As, 
 
 Y Y 'A Whew
 
 { "6 ) 
 
 ijl. Whcv a Man produees a Claim againft anotlier, faying, that, *' Yoa 
 owe me a Debt of One Hundred Rupees^' the Perfon anfvvers, " I confefs to 
 have borrowed One Hundred Rupees of you, but I have repaid them,*.' in 
 ilich Cale, the Proof of the Affair refls with the Claimant; 
 
 2d. When One Man fays, " Such a Piece of Ground befongs to me by 
 Inheritance from my Father and Anceftors," and another Perfon alfo affirms 
 of the fame Piece of Ground, that, " It belongs to me by Inheritance from 
 my Father and Anceftors," in this Cafe, the Proof of the Affair refts with the 
 Firft Claimant-, and if he is unable to produce Proofs, the Second Claimant 
 iliall then afcertain and prove his Title to the Ground in Qiieftion. 
 
 3 J. When Two Perfons lay claim to the fame Parcel of Land, One faying, 
 " This Ground belongs to me by Inheritance from my Father andAnceftors,'* 
 the other replying, " I have applied to my own Ufe this Piece of Ground, 
 for the Space of Ten Years, and of Right it belongs to me," in this Suit, the 
 former Claimant is held to prove the Inheritance derived from his Father and 
 Anceftors; if he can prove this Point, then the Caufe muft be referred to the 
 Chapter of the Daye Bhag^ for confidering the Time of the Ufufruft, which is 
 explained in the Sedion of Acquiring a Property in the PoffelTions of another. 
 
 ^th. Perranek Needy is when a Man, upon lofing his Caufe before a Magif- 
 trate, or Arbitrator, fays, that, " My Opponent, in this Affarr, was 
 formerly call upon a Trial before fuch an Arbitrator, and I gained my 
 Suit," in fuch Cafe, he who affirms to have had aVerdid in his Favour, upon 
 the Inveftigation of a former Arbitrator, iliall be held to produce Proofs of 
 diat Circumftance. 
 
 Is
 
 ( r.7 ) 
 
 If a Man brings a- Suit againft: another, faying, " I lent you One Hun- 
 dred Riipeei^'' and the Defendant anfwers, " I never received One Hundred 
 Rupees^ I received Fifty Rupees ^ and have repaid them," in this Cafe, the 
 Arbitrators fliall firft inveftigats the Repayment, and afterwards make; In- 
 quiry, whether the Sum lent was really One Hundred or Fifty Rupees. 
 
 If a Man brings a Suit againft another, faying, " You owe me a Debt cf 
 One Hundred Rupees^'* if the Defendant anfwers, " I never received One 
 Hundred Rupees, I received Twenty-five Rupees, and have repaid them," 
 in this Cafe, the Arbitrators fhall firft inveftigate, whether the original Debt 
 was really One Hundred or Twenty-five Rupees, and afterwards fliall mike 
 Inquiry as to the Repayment ^ and in all Cafes, where the Plaint iff" makes a. 
 large Demand, of which the Defendant acknowledges a Part only, lefs than 
 Half the Sum claimed. Inquiry fhall be condufled upon this Principle here 
 explained. 
 
 A Plaintiff .lays his Claim for One Hundred Rupees lent, the Defendant 
 anfwers, " I never borrowed from you any Part of it," but at the fame Time 
 the Plaintiff hath in his Hand a Bond for One Hundred Rupees, and it therein 
 appears that the Defendant hath repaid Fifty Rupees, and there are Witneffes 
 to this Circumftance, in fuch a Cafe, the Arbitrator Ihall firft inveftigate tlie 
 Bond, and then examine the Witneffes. 
 
 If a Man brings a regular Suit againft another, and that Perfon abfolutely 
 denies the Claim, in that Cafe, the Plaintiff fliall be held to prove his Claim ; 
 if the Plaintiff has neither Writing nor Witneffes for his Proof, the Defendant 
 fliall perform the Punikeb (that is) an Ordeal, tofatisfy the other. 
 
 Is
 
 ( »i8 ) 
 
 "If a Man brings a Suit againft another, who anfwers, " I am in doubt 
 about this Affair," iuch Plea is not to be admitted as anAnfwer; in that Cafe, 
 the Plaintiff fhall prove his Claim by a Deed, by Witneffes, or by Ufufrudl 
 on the Part of the Defendant; if he fails in thefe Three Modes, he fliall take 
 his Oath, or perform the Purrikeh: In every Affair, where a Deed, Witneffes, 
 or Proof of Ulufrufl cannot be produced, an Oath muff be taken, or thcPurri- 
 keh oerformed. 
 
 If a Man brings a Suit againft another, faying, " I have lent you feveral dif- 
 ferent Articles," and thePerfon anfwers, "I never received One of the Articles 
 you mention," in that Cafe, if the Plaintiff proves any One of all the Articles 
 claimed, to be in the Defendant's Poffeffion, the Magiftrate fball caufe the 
 whole fo claimed to be reftored: In this Affair, it is not the Fault of the Ma- 
 giftrate-, if the Plaintiff, having made his Claim for feveral Thing?, fliould 
 add afterwards, that, '• Another Article is ftill in your Poffeffion, which by 
 Miftake I formerly omitted to mention in my Suit ;" fuch a Claim is not ap- 
 proved ; accordmg to the Ordinations of Sewarteh Behtacharige, and this Ordi- 
 'nation is approved (or cuftomary.) 
 
 If n Man brings a Suit againft another, faying, " I have lent you feveral 
 different Articles," and that Perfon anfwers, " I have not received any Thing, 
 if vou can prove my Receipt even of One Article, I will make good the whole 
 of your Claim," in that Cafe, if thePerfon can prove any One Article, the other 
 lliall be held to make good the whole ; according to the Ordination of Jbgue 
 Logue^ and the Pundits of Methilla. 
 
 If a Man hath accufed another of the Murder of a Man, or of a Robbery, 
 or of Adultery, and ffiould fay, " You have in feveral Places been guilty of 
 rthefe Crimes," and the Defendant denies the Accufation, in fuch a Cafe, if the 
 
 Accufer
 
 ( 119 ) 
 
 Accufer can prove upon the otlier the Commiflion of any One of thcie Crimes, 
 it fliall be a Proof of the whole Complaint. 
 
 If a Man brings a Suit againll another, faying, " I have intruded feveral 
 Articles (orj I have lent a Sum of Money to your Father, or Uncle, or 
 Grandfather," which he demands fhould be returned, and the other denies 
 the Affair, faying, " 1 know not the lead of this Matter, prove your Claim, 
 and receive it," in that Cafe, whatever Article the Plaintiff can prove he fliall 
 receive, and whatever he cannot prove he ftiall not receive. 
 
 When Two Perfons upon a Qiiarrel refer to Arbitrators, thofe Arbi- 
 trators, at the Time of Examination, fhall obferve both the Plaintiff and De- 
 fendant narrowly, and take notice, if either and which of them, when he is 
 fpeaking, hath his Voice faulter in his Throat, or his Colour change, or his 
 Forehead fweat, or the Hair of his Body dand ere6l, or a Trembling come 
 over his Limbs, or his Eyes water, or if, during the Trial, he cannot dand 
 dill in his Place, or frequently licks and moidens his Tongue, or hath his 
 Face grow dry, or, in fpeaking to One Point, wavers and fhufHes olf to 
 another, or, if any Perfon puts a Quedion to him, is unable to return an An- 
 fwer ; from the Circumdances of fuch Commotions, they (hall didinguifh 
 the guilty Party. 
 
 In a Suit where One of the Parties, be it either Plaintiff or Defendant, 
 produces a Writing, which the other doth not approve or allow, the PofTefTor 
 of that Writing fhall not gain his Suit, until he can confirm it by Proof. 
 The Mode of afcertaining a Writing is this, that he fliall produce another 
 Copy of the Man's Writing, who, with his own Hand, drew out the Writing 
 in Quedion, and fo prove its Authenticity, 
 
 Z z If
 
 1 20 
 
 If a Man brings a Suit againfc another, and can by any Means produce 
 Troof of his Claim, the Caiife fliuU be decreed in his Favour. 
 
 A Writing is of Two Sort^, Firll, that which a Man writes with his own 
 Hand; Second, that which he procures to be written by another: Of thefe 
 Two Sorts, that which is written by a Man's own Hand, even without Wit- 
 nefies, is approved j and that written by another, if void of Witneffes, is not 
 approved. 
 
 When a Debror, having caufed his Bond to be wr'tten by another Perfon, 
 and, having pruciiredWitnefles to it, hath borrowed Mon;y upon it, after thar, 
 fuppofing that theWitnefs, who figned his Name upon the Bond, and he alfo, 
 by whofe Hand the Bond was written, are both dead, and the Debtor and Cre- 
 ditor alfo are dead, and a Difpute arifes between the Sons of the Debtor and 
 Creditor concerning thisBond, theSon of theDebtor, faying, " i know Nothing 
 of this Bond," then, if the Creditor, or Sons of the Creditor, at theTime when 
 the Bond became due, had demanded their Money from the Debtor, in the 
 Prefcnce of fome other Perfons, and had caufed the Bond to be read by Three 
 or Four People, and can prove this Circumftance, the Bond is approved; 
 but if any Article had been pledged, then, even without previous Demand of 
 the Sum due by the Bond, before other Perfons, and without having caufed it 
 to be read, the Bond is approved. 
 
 If a Lender of Money fays to a Perfon, " A Debt due to me is outfland- 
 ing in your Hands," and that Perfon denies the Debt, if at that Time the 
 Bond is not in the Lender's Hands, but fhould be in fome other Kingdom, 
 then, until he brings the Bond from fuch other Kingdom, the Suit lliall not 
 be determined. 
 
 If
 
 ( 121 ) 
 
 If it fliould happen that a Bond in a Creditor's PoflciTion fliould hi burnt, 
 or fome of the Letters in it are become invifible, or the Bond be ftolen from 
 him, or by any Means be fpoileJ, and, upon Demand of the Sum due, the 
 Debtor fhould refufe Payment, in thatCafe, the Creditor fhall bring any Peribn 
 who had formerly feen the Bond, and fliall prove the Bond by his Evidence. 
 
 If a Bond in a Creditor's PoffciTion fhould chance to be torn, or the Let- 
 ters fnould be obliterated, or the Bond by any Means be fpoiled, the Creditor 
 iliali caufe the Debtor, in fuch Cafe, to write a frcfli Obligation. 
 
 If a Man hath, for any Reafon, executed a Bond, in the Name of another 
 Perlbn, and borrowed a Sum of Money on Account of it, and afterv/ards, upon 
 the Creditor's damanding Payment of the Man, from v/hom he received the 
 Bond, that Perfon Hiculd anfwer, " I never borrowed any Money of you, if 
 I have fo borrowed, produce my Bond," the Creditor fays, " You borrov/ed 
 Money of me upon a Bond, written in the Name of another Perfon," which 
 other Perfon fays, " I never borrov/ed any Money of you, but, as a ftrifl In- 
 timacy fubfifted between the Borrov/er and me, he gave the Bond in my Name, 
 and converted the Money to his ov/n Ufe," on a Difpute of this Nature, the 
 Arbitrator fhall lirft examine the Connexion that fubfifted at the Time of the 
 Execution of the Bond in Queftion, between the Borrower of the Money and 
 him in whofe Name the Bond was pafled, and whether or no they are near 
 Relations; from thefeTwo Circumftances he fhall form hisjudgment, and alfo 
 from the Evidence of the VVitnefs v/ho originally attefted the. Bond. 
 
 If a Perfon poflefTes the Title Deed of any Article, and another Perfon, by 
 Intervention of his own, rendeis that Deed unapproved, in that Cafe, he who 
 poflefles fuch a Writing fliall reduce it to Proof; but if that Perfon fliould 
 be dead, after having applied the Article in Point to his own Ufe, the Son of 
 
 that
 
 ( 122 ) 
 
 that Perfon fliall not be held to prove the Title Deed, but fhall prove his 
 Father's Uiufrud. 
 
 If a Perfon, poflelTing the Title Deed of any Article, fhould die, without 
 having applied that Article to his own Ufe, in that Cafe, his Son ILall be held 
 to prove the Validity of the Title Deed. 
 
 If a Lender of Money fhould fay to a Perfon, " You owe me a Sum of 
 Money, I demand Payment," to which Demand that Perfon makes no Re- 
 ply, after that, he again makes the fame Demand, and in like Manner receives 
 no Kind of Anfwer, after a Repetition of fuch Demand for Pive feveral 
 Times, if that Perfon fliould fay to the Claimant, " I owe you Nothing," 
 upon fuch a Suit, the Magiflrate fhall caufe that Perfon to pay the Claimant 
 the Money demanded. 
 
 If a Plaintiff prefers a Claim, and the Defendant denies it, then, upon 
 Proof of the Juftice of the Claim, the Magiflrate fliall caufe the Money in 
 Difpute to be paid to the Plaintiff, and fhall alfo cxad a Fine from the De- 
 fendant. 
 
 If a Perfon, who hath brought a Suit againfl another, can afcertain his 
 Claim, by the Evidence of WitnefTes, by a Writing, by Proof of Ufufru6b, by 
 Opinion of Arbitrators, by the Purrikeh, or by an Oath, the Suit fliall be given 
 . in his Favour : If he cannot prove it by any of thefe Means, he is culpable, 
 ^ven if he acknowledges the Fault he has committed, he fliall flill be deemed 
 culpable. 
 
 SECT.
 
 ( »-3 ) 
 SEC T. vir. 
 
 Of Evidence, 
 
 Whoever has fecn a Tranfadlion with his own Eyes, or has heard ic witW 
 his own Ears, fuch a Perfon is a Witnefs. 
 
 When a Plaintiff or Defendant have not applied to a Witnefs, who is 
 confcious of any Tranfaflion, defiring him to appear 2S a Witnefs in their 
 Caufe, if the Magiftrate, or Arbitrator, fummon fuch a Witnefs, and queftion 
 him as to the Circumftances of the Tranfaftion, fuch Part of his Evidence 
 as relates to what he has feen with his own Eyes, and heard with his own 
 Ears, is approved. 
 
 When a Perfon, being Witnefs of any Tranfaftion, hath explained the 
 Circumftances of that Tranfaftion to another Perfon, the Plaintiff or Defend- 
 ant may conftitute fuch Perfon as a Witnefs, to telllfy whatever was ex- 
 plained to him by the other •, fuch Perfon is called a Secondary Witnefs •, and 
 the Evidence delivered by fuch Secondary V/itnefs is approved. 
 
 In a Suit concerning Limits and Boundaries, whoever is acquainted with 
 the true State of thofe Limits and Boundaries, without being appointed Wit- 
 nefs in the Caufe, may deliver in his Evidence. 
 
 If a Plaintiff or a Defendant fecretly hides a Perfon where he may over-hear 
 the Difcourfe, and then afks a Witnefs the true Circumftances of the Cafe, 
 and that Perfon with his own Ears hears the Relation of the Witnefs, fuch 
 Perfon is called a hidden Witnefs, and the Evidence of a hidden Witnefs 
 is true. 
 
 A a a Hfi
 
 ( in ) 
 
 He wiio is a Witnefs fhall keep by him a written Statement of every Tranf- 
 a61ion, in which he is aWitnefs, that, even after a confiderable Space of Time, 
 he may b;; enabled to recolledt it. 
 
 A Witness, a Eorrowcr, or a Principal in any other Affair, fhall write 
 with his own Hand an Account of every Afi^air fo concerning him-, if he does 
 not know how to write himfelf, he fhall caufe it to be written by another. 
 
 SECT. VI IL 
 
 Of Proper and Improper Rvide7ice. 
 
 A Minor until Fifteen Years of Age, One fingle Perfon, a Woman, a 
 Man of bad Principles, a Father, or an Enemy, may not beWitnefies; but if 
 the Father and the Enemy are Men of good Difj3ofition, and Speakers of 
 Truth, and Men are well acquainted with the Goodnefs of their Difpofition 
 and Veracity, thefe Two Perfons may be Witnefies. 
 
 He who regulates his A6lions by the Be'ids and Sheerut of che Shafter, Three 
 fuch Men fliall be appointed Evidences; lefs than this Number fhall not be 
 madeWitnefles ; and this Order is in the Chapter concerning Affairs of a long 
 Space of Time. 
 
 Men of every Tribe fliall appoint Witnefles from their own Tribe, as a 
 Bramin fliall appoint a Bramin, a Chehteree fliall appoint a Chehteree; and fo in 
 recrard to each Tribe, Men of the fame Tribe fliall he conflituted Witnefles; 
 aWomanalfo fhall appoint a Woman her Witnefs ; but upon the Time of any 
 Tranfadtion, if a Perfon of the fame Tribe happens not to be prefcnr, a Wic- 
 
 ntfs 
 
 I
 
 ( I2S ) 
 
 nefs fhall be appointed from thofe upon the Spot, to whatever Tiibe they may- 
 chance to belong. 
 
 If the PLiintifFor Defendant, at their own Option, appoint a fingle Perfon 
 only, known to be a Man of Veracity and good Behaviour, as their Witnefs, 
 that fingle Perfon alfo may become a Witnefs ; alio a Perfon who is not of a 
 good Difpofition, yet not fraudulently inclined, nor avaricious, if fuch a Per- 
 fon be agreeable to both Plaintiff and Defendant, he may, though fingle, be 
 a. Witnefs. 
 
 If the SerivuiUree, or Brnmms learned in the Beids, give Evidence, Nine of 
 them are required; if there are not Nine, there muft be Seven; if there are 
 not Seven of them, there mufb be Five; if there are not Five of them, there 
 mult be Four; if there are not Four of them, there muft be Three; if there 
 are not Three of them, Two fliall give Evidence ; a fingle Brajttin, learned in 
 ili^Beids^ cannot be a Witnels. 
 
 A Bramin Serwuttsree^ or learned in the Beids^ a Devotee become very infirm, 
 and a Sinajfee (hall not be Witneffes; but if thefe have feen a Qiiarrel between 
 Two Perfons, and of themfelves deliver in Evidence, it is approved. 
 
 He who hath killed a Man, or who is guilty of Theft, of Adultery, or of 
 falfe Abufe, or who, enticing a Man to himfelf, by Treachery and Deceit, de- 
 prives him of Life, and deltroys his Effe(fts, or whoever is a Juggler, and is 
 Gondantly employed in Games of Dice and Chances, or whoever is a perpe-:- 
 tual Wrangler, fuch Perfons fliall not be. Witneffes. 
 
 A Sljvve of either Sex, a blind Man, a Woman, a Minor until FFfteen-) 
 Years of Age, an old Man of Eighty Years, a Man affliifted with a Leprofy, 
 One guilty of Murder, of Theft, of Adultery, or of falfe Abufe, or who, en- 
 ticing
 
 ( 126 ) 
 
 trcino- a Man to himfelf, by Treachery and Deceit, deprives him of Life, and 
 deflroys his Effects, or whoever is conftantly employed in Games of Dice 
 and Chances, or who is a perpetual Wrangler, or a Juggler, fuch Perfons, in 
 Affiiirs of Murder, of Thefc, of Adultery, and of falfe Abufc, may not be 
 WitnefTcs : In thefe Four Cafes, One fmgle Man of Veracity and good 
 Conduft, with whofe good Difpofition and Love of Truth Men are well ac- 
 quainted, may alone be a Witnefs. 
 
 ' Supposing a Perfon to lend another Money fecretly, or fecretly to intrud 
 his Property to the Care of another, in fuch Affairs, One fmgle Perfon is a 
 lufhcient Witnefs. 
 
 SECT. IX. 
 
 Of the Modes of Kxami7ting TFit7ieffes, 
 
 He who means to queftion a Witnefs, having bathed himfelf, fhall put his 
 Qiieftions in the Tenth Ghurrie of the Day: The Witnefs alfo, having bathed 
 himlllf, and turned his Face towards the Eafbern or Northen Quarter, lliall 
 deliver his Evidence: The Examiner fhall afk the Witnefs (if a Bramin) with 
 Civility and Rcfpeft, faying, " Explain to me what Knowledge you have of 
 this Affair-," and to a Chehteree he fliall fay, " What do you know of this 
 Affair? fpeak the Truth-," and to a Bice he fliall fay, " What do you know 
 of this Afiair ? if you give falfe Evidence, whatever Crime there is in ftealing 
 Kine, or Gold, or Paddee, or Wheat, ov Gram, or Barley, or Muflard, and fuch 
 Kind of Grain, fhall be accounted to you i" and to a Socder he fhall fay, 
 '' What do you know of this Affair? fpeak •, if your Evidence is falfe, what- 
 ever Crime is the greateft in the World, that Crime fliall be accounted 
 t^ you." 
 
 He
 
 ( «27 ) 
 
 He who means to take an Evidence fliall feparately explain the religious 
 Merit of faithful Teftimonv, and the horrid Nature of the Crime of fa He 
 Witncfs ; as that the Merit of a true Dcpoficion is greater than tlie Merit 
 of a -Thoufand AJIjummecdJu^^gi : [An/JJhummeedJitgg is when a Pcrrfon, having 
 commenced a Jugg^ writes various Articles upon a Scroll of Paper, on a 
 llorfc's Neck, and difmilTes the liorfe, fending along with the Horfe a fiout 
 and valiant Pcrfon, equipped with the befl Neceffaries and Accoutrements ta 
 accompany the Horfe Day and Night, whitherfoever he ihall choofe to go; 
 and if any Creature, cither Man, Genius, or Dragon, fhould feize the Horfe, 
 that Man oppofes iuch Attempt, and, having gained theVidlory upon a Battle, 
 a2:ain g'.ves the HoiTe his Fretdom: If any One in this World, or in Heaven, 
 or beneath the Earih, would feize this Horfe, and the Horfe of hin":fcli comes 
 to the Hcufi of il'i^ Ci-lcbrator of the Jugg^ U[)on killing that Horfe, he niUit 
 throw tl'.e Flefii of him upon the Fire of the Juk^ and uticr the Prayeri cf 
 h'S Deity; fuch ^Ji(7g is called a Jugg Afbumr,iezd^ and the Merit of it a^s 
 a religious Work is infinite.) And the Crime ot falfe Witnefs is the fjme 
 as if a Man had murdered a Brami,!^ or had deprived a Woman of Life, or 
 had afTv-fTinated his Friend ; or of One, who, in return fur Good, gives Evil ; 
 or v;ho, having learned a Science or Profefhon, gives his Tutor no Kev/ard; 
 or of a Woman, who, having neither Son, nor Grandfon, nor Grandfon's Son, 
 after her Hufband's Death, celebrates not the Serudeh to his Memory ; or of 
 a Son, who celebrates not the Seradeh for his Father and Morher ; or of him, 
 who, having received a Kindnefs, is always mentioning the Fauks of his Bene- 
 fa(5tor, and conceals the Benefit received ; or of him, who forfakes any One of 
 the Four Ifrum^ or Modes of Life: (The Four 7/?'/^;;; are a Ecrhemcharry^ a. 
 Simjfee, a Bim Perhjl^ and a Houfliokkr ; of thefe the Btrhemchany, the Si- 
 naffce^ and the Ban Perhjl:, have already been explained in the Chapter of Dnye 
 Bkcig\ and a Floulliolder is he wlio hath a Wife, a Son, a Brother, and 
 Grandfon; or, if he hath not theie, who neverthclefs keeps a Houfe.) Whatever 
 
 B b b Crime
 
 { 128 ) 
 
 Crime is incurred in fuch Anions as above-mentioned, the fame Crime is 
 incurred by giving falfe Witnefs. 
 
 In an Affair concerning Kine, if any Perfon gives falfe Evidence, whatever 
 Guilt is incurred by tlie Murder of Ten Perfons, he becomes obnoxious to the 
 Punifliment due to fuch a Crime, befides the Guilt already explained. 
 
 In an Affair concerning a Horfe, if any Perfon gives falfe Evidence, his 
 Guilt i> as great as the Guilt of murdering One Huadred Perfons. 
 
 Besides Kine and Horfes, in an Affair concerning any other Animal thri 
 hath Hair upon its Tail, if any Perfon gives falfe Evidence,, whatever Guilt 
 i^ incurred by the Murder of Five Perfons, that Guilt fliall be imputed to him. 
 
 In an Affair concerning a Man, if anyPerfon gives falfe Evidence, whatever 
 Guilt is incurred by the Murder of One Thoufand Perfons, he becomes ame- 
 nable to the Punifliment of fuch Guilt. 
 
 In an Affair concerning Gold, if any Perfon giv'es falfe Evidence, whatever- 
 Guilt would be incurred in murdering all the Men who have been born, or 
 who fliall be born in the World, ffiall be imputed to him. 
 
 In an Affair concerning Land, if any Perfon gives falfe Evidence, whatever 
 Guilt would be incurred by the Murder of all living Creatures in the World, 
 li^ Ihall be liable to the Punifhment due to fuch Guilt* 
 
 Wherever fevcral Perfons areWItneffcs to One Point, the Arbitrators, at 
 the Time of examining the Witneffes, fhall qucftion fuch Witneffes in a Body 
 together, and fhall not examine them feparately, thefe Witneffes alio lliall all 
 (deliver in their Evidence, at once, jointly. 
 
 Wherever
 
 ( '-9 ) 
 
 Wherever feveral Peifons are WitnefTes fcparateJy, and ro different Points^^ 
 the Arbitrators, at the Time of examining the Evidences, fliull not qucftion 
 any One of thefe Witnefics in the Prefence of the reft ; the WitnelTes alfo fliail 
 each of them feparattly give their ow-n Evidence, out of hearing of the red. 
 
 When a Witncfs is to give his Evidence, he fhall teftify, without having 
 any Scruple of Doubt remaining in his Mind. 
 
 When a Man is appointed a Witnefs, if he will not give his Evidence^ 
 whatever Guilt is incurred by falfe Evidence, the fame Guilt fliall be impu:ed 
 to himi and the Magiftrate fliall exad from him the fame Fine as from aPer- 
 lon guilty of falfe Witnefs. 
 
 If the Plaintiff or Defendant in a Caufe have appointed any Pcrfon a 
 Witnefs, and afterwards fliould fay to him, "Whatever you know of our Cafe, 
 tell it to anothcrPerfon," and theWitnefs upon this relates the Affair to another, 
 afterw'ards, when the Arbitrator, having fummoned this Witnefs, proceeds to 
 Examination, if that W^itnefs fhould fay, " 1 know not this Affair," in that 
 Cafe, whatever is the Value of the Article in Difpute, he fliall pay a Fine of 
 Eight Times as much: If a Bramin^ being appointed a Witnefs, fiiould be 
 guilty of this Pra6lice, a Fine fliall not be exadled from him, but he fliall be 
 banifhed the Kingdom. 
 
 Wherever a true Evidence would deprive a Man of his Life, in thatCafc, 
 if a falfe Teflimony would be the Prefervation of his Life, it is allowable to 
 give fuch falfe Teitimony-, and for Ablution of the Guilt of falfe Witnefs, he; 
 fliall perform the P^c/V^^ Serejhtee-, but to him, who has murdered aBramm, or 
 (lain a Cow, or who^, being of the BrammTvibc, has drunken Wine, or has com- 
 mitted
 
 ( 130 ) 
 
 mitted any of thefe particularly flagrant Offences, it is not allowed to give 
 falfe Wicnefs in Prefervation of liis Life. 
 
 If a Marriage for any PL^rfon may be obtained by falfe Wicnefs, fuch 
 Falfchood may be told-, as upon tlie Day of celebrating the Marriage, if oa 
 that Day the Marriage is liable to be incomplete, for want of giving certain 
 Articles, at that Time, if Three or Four Falfehcods be .ifierted, it does not 
 fignifvi or ]f, on the Day of Marriage, a Man promifes to give his Daughter 
 many Ornaments, and is not able to give them, fuch Failehoods as thcfe, if 
 told to promote a Marriage, are allowable. 
 
 If a Man, by the Impulfe of Luft, tells Li^s to a Woman, or if his own 
 Life would otherwife be loft, or all the Goods of his Hoiife fpoiled, or if it is 
 for the. Benefit of a Bramin, in fuch Affairs, Falfchood is allowable. 
 
 In a Cafe v/here there are many "Witneffes, If, at the Time of Examination, 
 moft of them give their Evidence for One Perfon, and One or Two of them 
 depjfe in Favour of the other Party, the Evidence of the Majority is ap- 
 proved; if of the whole Number of Witneffes Half depofe for One Side, and 
 Half for the other, then the Evidence of any One of the Witneffes who is a 
 Man of Science fhall be credited; if they are all Men of Science, the Evidence 
 of him. among them who is the farthcft advanced in Knowledge is approved; 
 if the Knowledge of all of them is equal, the Tcftimony of liim among them 
 who regulates his whole Conduct by the Beids is approved; if they all regu- 
 late their Conduft by the Bads, and the Evidence of fuch Men is contradic- 
 tory, then fuch a Suit as this cannot be decided by theTeftiinony of Witneff- 
 es ; but the Purrikeh muff be performed. 
 
 In every Suit where there is a Witnefs and a Writing, or a Proof of Ufu- 
 frudt, there fliall be no Obligation to perform the Purrikeh. 
 
 If
 
 i '31 ) 
 
 If either the PlaintifF or Defendant defame the Charafter of a Witnefs, 
 whole Conduft is unblemifhcd, for fuch Defamation of a fpotlefs Character, 
 the Magiftrate fliall exad a Fine from that Perfon. 
 
 0/ ^2pointi?2g Arbitrators more than once ; a?^d of the 
 Mode of drawing up the State^nent of a Caufe. 
 
 The Arbitrators, at the Time of having made an Examination, fliall write 
 a Jee Pctr (J. e.) a Statement and Decree, and they fhall draw it up in this 
 Manner : 
 
 Firjl, They fnall write whatever the PlaintifF urged a^ the Matter cf his 
 Claim. 
 
 Seccttd. After that, they fliall write whatever z^nfv/er the Defendant gr.vc 
 to that Plea; then they fliall ftate whatever Evidence was delivered in by the 
 WitnefTes-, or, if aWriting was given in, they fliall exprefs the Contents of ic; 
 ■or otherwile they fliall write the Circumftances of Ufufruft, or of 0[Mnion, or 
 of the Purrikeh^ or of the Oath; afterwards they fliall write the Names of 
 all tlie Arbitrators who were prefcnt: In this Manner, upon whatever Prin- 
 ciple the Examination proceeded, fhall a Statement be drawn up, viz. We, 
 being fuch and fo many Per fons, have made this Examination to the belt of our 
 Knowledge. 
 
 Every Caufe that comes to a Proof from the Face of a Writing, or from 
 WitnefTes, and the Plaintiff and Defendant are wearied out with A'exation of 
 
 C c c the
 
 ( »32 ) 
 
 th-i Dilpute, the Arbitrators, at the Option of the PhiintifF and Defendant,, 
 ihall adjuft and determine it. 
 
 When the Arbitrators have made a thorough Examination, if he who is 
 proved culpable goes afterwards with Complaint to a Magiilrate, the Magif- 
 trate fliall not give him another Arbitrator j but fliould that Man alTert, that, 
 *' The Arbitrators have committed Injuflice; if they have not committed In-- 
 juftice, I will forfeit a Fine of double the Sum now in Difputej" upon a Pror 
 pofition of this Nature, the Magiilrate may appoint other Arbitrators. 
 
 If the Arbitrators have committed Injuftice, and the Plaintiff can bring 
 this Matter to a Proof, then the Magiftrate fliall appoint other Arbitrators,, 
 and fliall hold the former Arbitrators amenable. 
 
 If a Man is convided by his own Words, and afterwards petitions the Ma-, 
 ft rate for other j 
 other Arbitrators, 
 
 giftrate for other Arbitrators,. in that Gafe, tlie Magiftrate fliall not. give him^ 
 
 If an Arbitrator hath made his Examination under the Impulfe of Lufl:; cr 
 Enmity, or in Sicknefs, or through Fear, or Pofitivenefs, or Anger, it is not: 
 r.p proved. 
 
 SECT. XL 
 
 Of Givi72g Prefere?2ce to a Claim, 
 
 If the fame Article be fold, or pledged, or given away, at twice, to Two 
 ctifltrent Perfons,the firfl: Tranfacftion is approved j in all other Cafes the latter. 
 
 If
 
 ( ^33 ) 
 
 It any Perfon, having fold any Article to One Pcrfon, fells the fame Thing 
 afterwards to another; or, having pledged it once any where, pledges it a Second 
 Time at another Place; or, having once given it to One, afterwards prefents 
 it to another: then he who firft bought ir, or who firll: received it in Pledo^e, or 
 to whom it was firft given, is to be believed ; and the lall Purchalcr, Pledgee, 
 or Accepter, is not approved. 
 
 If a Man hath borrowed Money from another upon Agreement for a fmall 
 Interefc, and afterwards, at his own Option, conlc'-its to an increafed Raie of 
 Interell, the former A!2;reement is to be believed. 
 
 If a Man, having depoficcd any Article with One Perfon, fliould afterwards 
 give the fame Thing as a Pledge, or fhould fell ir, or prefent it to another, 
 then it fliall belong to him who bought it, or to whom it was pledged or pre- 
 lented. 
 
 If a Man,, having pledged any Article vv^ith One Perfon, fhould afterwards 
 fell or give it away to another, in that Cafe, the Article above-mentioned fhall 
 go to him who bought ir, or to whom it was given-, but he, in whofe Hands, 
 ic was detained as a Pledge, fhall receive the Money due to him from his 
 Debtor ; if the Debtor is dead, or hath abfconded, he Ihall receive the Sum of; 
 his Debt, from him who hath bought the Article, or to whom it was givea,. 
 
 CHAP;
 
 ( 134 ) 
 
 C HAP. IV. 
 
 Of Trufl or Depofte. 
 
 'Trujl or Depojtte is of Three Sorts* 
 
 Firji^ When a Man intriifts his Property to another, upon this Confidera- 
 tion, viz. That, if I depofite anyThing with this Man, I lliall moft certainly 
 recover it again ; - Such Truft is called Neekheep. 
 
 Second. When a Perfon from Sufpicion of the Magiftrate, or of Thieves, 
 or from a Defire that his Heirs fliould not get Poflcflion, intrufts his Property 
 to another: — This is called 'Neeajfj, 
 
 Third. When a Man intrufts his Property to another, and that Perfon 
 makes over the fame Property in Truft to a Second, informing him, at the 
 fame Time, that fuch Property belongs to fuch a Perfon, and mirft be returned 
 to him: — Such Truft is called Enahut, 
 
 In the Place where a Man refid"s, it muft be inquired, whether he be of a 
 good Family, of approved Condu6l, of religious Principles, and a Speaker of 
 T'ruth, whether he be very rich, and hath many Friends and Relations j when 
 thefe Circumftances are favourable. Property fhall be trufted to fuch a Perfon. 
 
 Ira Man, having fealcd and marked his Property, hath delivered it inTruft 
 to any Perfon, the Truftee, upon redelivering fuch Goods, fliall return thrm 
 with the fame Seal and Markj if there be not the fame Seal and Mark, he 
 
 fhall
 
 ( '35 ) 
 
 {hall undergo the Purrikcb, or take his Oath concerning the Alttraticn of 
 the Property in Trull. 
 
 If a Perfon fhould make ufe of any Property intruded to him, or it be 
 fpoiled for want of his Care and Attention, then, whatever Crime it is for a 
 Woman to abufc her Hufband, or for a Man to murder his Friend, the fame 
 Degree of Guilt fliall be imputed to him, and tiie Value of the Trufl: muil be 
 made good. 
 
 A Man ought not to take upon himfclf the Trufl of anothers Property^ 
 if he accepts fuch Trufb, he muft prclerve it with Care, and return it upon the 
 Firil Demand. 
 
 If a Perfon hath intrufled any of his Property to another, and the Son of 
 that Perfon faould demand the Property fo intrulled, the Trullee fliall not de- 
 liver the Depofite without Order of the Father. 
 
 If a Tslan who hath intrufted any Property to another fliould die, and the 
 Son of the Deceaft;d does not demand his Father's Property, yet the Truftee 
 ihall of himfelf deliver up the Trufl to that Son. 
 
 If a Man hath received in Trufl the Property of another Perfon, and that 
 Property, together \vith his own Effefts, fhould be fpoiled, in that Cafe, he 
 fhall not make good the Penalty upon the Property in Qiieftion ; and if it be 
 fpoiled by any unforefeenAccident, or by the Innovation of the Magiftrate, in 
 that Cafe alfo, he ihrM. not make good the Value. 
 
 If, at anyTime, in any Manner, the Property in Depofite be fpoiled by the 
 Fault of the Truflee, he fhall make it good. 
 
 Ddd If
 
 ( ^3^ ) 
 
 If Property in Depofite fKould fall into the Water, or be burn' , or ftolcn, 
 and the Truftee conceals any Part of it that may happen to have been faved, 
 and this Circumftar.ee can be proved, in that Cafe, he fhall make good the 
 whole Property. 
 
 If a Perfon hath intruded his Prooertv to another for a fettled Time, or 
 hath depofited it 'A'ith this i\greement, " That whenfoever the Necefllties of 
 my own Affairs fhall caufe me to remand my Property, it fliall be returned to 
 me," then, if according to fuch Promife, or theAppearance of the Depofitor's 
 Affairs, Application be made, and theTruflee refufcs to deliver the Property, 
 and after fuch Refufd it be fpoiled, the Truftee fhall make good all fuch Pro- 
 perty, with IntereR- upon it; alfo., if, within the Time fettled, it be fpoiled by 
 the Negligence of the Truftee, in that Cafe alfo, he fliall make it good with 
 intei-eft. 
 
 Tr a Perfon hath affociated to hi mfelf other bad Men, in the fraudulent and 
 deceitful Concealment of Property intrufted to him, the Magiftrate fhall punifh 
 ■* and fine the Truft.e, and caufe the Property depofited to be reftored to the 
 Owner. 
 
 If a Truftee docs not return to the Owner, upon Demand, the Property 
 .depofited in his Hands, the Magiftrate ftiall fine him. 
 
 If a Perfon hath borrowed any Thing from another, promifing to return 
 it whenever the Bufinefs for which it was borrowed is completed, and then 
 fraudulently and deceitfully detains it, the Magiftrate fhall caufe the borrowed 
 Property to be returned to the Owner, and fhall fine the Borrower; alfo, if the 
 Thing borrowed be not returned, after the Conclufion of the Bufinefs, and it 
 ;fhould be afterwards fpoiled by any Accident of the Seafon, or any Innovation 
 
 of
 
 ( 137 ) 
 
 of the Maglftrate, the Borrower fhall make it good; and if, during the Time 
 the Bufinefs is in Hand, it fhould be fpoiled by any unforefeen Accident, or 
 Innovation of the Magiftratc, it fhall not be made good. 
 
 If any Perfon hath given to a Workman, under a Stipulation, for the Pur- 
 pofe of making Pots or Ornaments, or any Kind of wrought Work, Gold, 
 :Silver,Tutenague, Copper, Brafs, or fuchKind of Metals, and the Workman 
 fraudulently and deceitfully conceals it, in that Cafe, the Magiftratc fliall caule 
 the Article to be returned to its Owner, and ftiall exa(5t a Fine from the Work- 
 man; or upon the Workman's not having given the Thing within tlie Time 
 ftipulated, if, after the Expiration of the Term of the Agreement, the Thing 
 -fpecified be fpoiled by any Accident of the Sealbn, or the Injuftice of the M.i- 
 .giftrate, theWorkman miift make it good; but if, within the Time flipulated, 
 the Commodity ihould be fpoiled by any Accident of the Sealbn, or Innova- 
 tion of the Magiflrate, it Ihall not be made good. 
 
 If a Perfon employs in Trade the Property intruftcd to him, v/ithout Or- 
 ders from the Owner to that Purpofe, the Magiftrate fhall take a Fine from* 
 'the Truftee, and caufe the Property in Truft to be returned with Intereft ; and 
 if, without employing fuch Property inTrade, theTruilee fhould expend it, to 
 furnifh himfelf with Vidluals or Cloaths, in that Cafe, he fliall repay the de- 
 poficcd Property with Intereft, but he fliall not be fined. 
 
 Ira Man is defirous to intrufl his Property to another, and that Perfon fays, 
 *' I am not able to take charge of fuch Property," and, after a long Conver- 
 fatlon and Debate, the Firft Perfon doth intruft his Property to the other^ and 
 the Truftee employs that Property to find himfelf in Food and Cloaths, he 
 iliall, in that Cafe, return whatever Property was intrufled to him, but he fliall 
 not pay any Intereft upon it. 
 
 If
 
 ( '3S ) 
 
 If a Pcrfon, who hath not mtrufled his Property to another, fliould fay to 
 him, "I have depofited certain Things to your Charge, return them to me,'*^ 
 in that Caff, if the Demandant be poor, and hath always preferved theTenets 
 of his Caft, he fhall pay to the Magiflrate a Fine equal to the Sum falfely 
 claimed; if he is lich, and an Apoftate from th-e Piinciples of his Tribe, a. 
 double Fine fliall be taken from him» 
 
 If any Pcrfon hath out of Ignorance fpoiled any intrufled Property, then he 
 who fpoikd that Property fliall not be obliged to make it good ; alfo, if hq 
 fhould die, his Wife and Son fhall not be held to pay. 
 
 
 C H A P,
 
 f 139 ) 
 
 C II A P. V. 
 
 Cf Selling a Stranger s * Property, 
 
 Whoever fcils to any Man anothers Property, or Goods in Trull, or Pro- 
 perty mortgaged, or Things borrowed, or loft Goods that lie hath found, or 
 Things ftolen, or any Things of this Kind, being the Property of a Stranger, 
 without Confent or Command of the Owner, is called AJloinumee Peikeree (i. e.) 
 a Seller of a Stranger's Property. 
 
 If. a Perfon, not being Owner of certain Property, fells that Property to 
 another, or gives it away, or mortgages itj without Confent of the Owner, it is. 
 not approved. 
 
 If a Perfon, defcended from the fame Grandfather with the Owner of cer- 
 tain Property, fhould fell or give away fuch Property, without Confent of the 
 Owner, the Magiftrate fhall line him Six Hundred Puns of Cowries, and caufe 
 the Property to be reftored to the Owner: — According to the Ordinations of 
 Chendeefur, 
 
 If a Perfon, defcended from the fame Grandfather with the Owner of cer- 
 tain Property, caufes that Property to be brought by the Hands of a Stranger, 
 and fells it without the Confent and Command of the Owner, then the Ma- 
 giftrate fhall fine him in a larger Mul(5l than Six Hundred Puns of Cowries:-— 
 According to the Ordinations of Ci^^;7i^(?A;n 
 
 E e e If 
 
 • A Stranger here means a Perfon In no Degree related to the Seller,
 
 ( HO ) 
 
 If a Perfon, defcended from the fame Grandfather with the Owner of cer- 
 tain Property, fliould himfelf produce that Property, or caufe it to be produced 
 by the Hands of another, and fell it, or give it away, then the Magiftrate fliall 
 fine him Six Hundred Puns of Cowries: — This Ordination is approved, ac- 
 cording to the Ordinations of Phakooreey Meidbab-teetee, and Kulp-teroo, and 
 PacheJJoputtee Mifr. 
 
 If a Perfon, not defcended from the fame Grandfather with the Owner of 
 certain Property, HiDuld of himfelf take any Thing out of the Owner's Houfe, 
 and fell it, or give it away, without Conftnt or Command of fuch Owner, he 
 fhall receive the fame Punifhment as a Thief: - According to the Ordinations 
 of ChspJeefur. 
 
 Ip a Perfon, not defcended from the fame Grandfather with the Owner of 
 certain Property, fhould either of himfelf, or by the Hands of another, procure 
 fuch Property, and fell or give it away, without the Confent or Command of 
 the Owner, tlie Magiftrate fhall take from him the fame Fine as from a Thief: 
 According to the Ordinations of Phakooree^ Meidhab-teetee, Kulp-teroo^ and 
 P acheppil tee Mifr : — Approved. 
 
 If a Perfon hath openly purchafed any Commodity from another, who was 
 not the Owner of it, and afterwards the Owner fhould come and fay to the 
 Purchafer, " This Property belongs to me," and fliould produce Proof of this, 
 and if alfo he hath not given away, nor fold that Property to another, and 
 likewife cm prove this, ani it fhould happen, that, becaufe the Seller of that 
 Property lives in another Kingdom, the Purchafer cannot caufe him to appear, 
 yet knows where the Seller lives, in that Cafe, the Purchafer fhall not be ame- 
 nable •, but the Magiftrate fliall give the Property to the Owner, and caufe the 
 
 Value thereof to be given to the Purchaf.-r. 
 
 If
 
 ( HI ) 
 
 If a Perfon hath openly purchafed any Commodity fi-om another, who was 
 not the Owner of it, and at the fame Time does not know where tlie Seller 
 refides, fo as to caufe him to appear, and afterwards the real Owner fliould 
 come and prove his Property, and hath not given or fold it to any Pcrlbn, and 
 proves this alfo, then the Purchafcr, taking Half the Value of the Property 
 from the Owner, (hall reftore to him his own Property. 
 
 If a Perfon out of Ignorance hath fold the Property of another, the Magif- 
 trate fhall fine him S\x Hundred Puns of Cozvries; if he fold it knov/ingly, 
 he fliali be punifhed as a Thief. 
 
 If a Perfon hath openly fold any Commodity, and afterwards another Per^ 
 fon fhould come and fay, " This is my Property," but at the fame Time 
 cannot prove himfelf Ovvner thereof, the Magiftrate fliall punifli the falle 
 Pretender as a Thief, and the Purchafer of the Commodity fhall retain it in 
 Pofleffion. 
 
 If a Man clandeftinely in his own Houfe, or without the Village, or in 
 the Night-Time, or from a Man of general bad CJiaracter, fliould purchafe 
 any Commodity, at a Rate inferior to the real Value, the Magiiirare fliall punifli 
 the Purchafer as a Thief. 
 
 If an indigent Man fells to another Perfon any Commodity that is not 
 fuitable to the Seller's Condition in Life, in that Cafe, the Purchafer fliall be 
 puniflied as a Thief, 
 
 If a Perfon buys any Commodity from a Man who is not the Owner, and 
 afterwards the real Owner flioiild come and lay, " This Commodity belongs 
 to me, neither have I given or fold it to any Perfon," and this is alfo proved, 
 
 and
 
 ( '42 ) 
 
 and the Purchafer knows not where the Seller refides, and there alfo fhould* 
 hipp-n to have been no Perfon prcient at the Time the Purchafe was made, 
 upon a Difpute of this Nature, the Magiftrate Ihall caufe the piirchafed Com- 
 modity to be returned to the Owner, and fhall take a Fine from the Purchafer, 
 
 If a Peifon buys any Commodity from a Man who is not the Owner, and 
 afterwards the real Owner (hould come and prove himfelf the Owner, and the 
 Purchafrr fhould have it in his Power to produce the Vender, then there is no 
 farther Connexion between the Purchafer and Vender; if the Vender is not 
 upon the Spot, the Purchafer fhall fettle a ftipulated Time for caufmg the 
 Vender to appear; then, upon the Vender's Appearance, the Magiftrate fhalL 
 order him to pay to the Purchafer the Price of the Commodity, and caufe the 
 Property to revert to the right Owner, and punilh the Vender as a Thief. 
 
 If a Man, whofe Property hath been loft, or fquandered away, Ihould find 
 fuch Property in any Stranger's Hand, and feize upon it, without acquainting 
 the Magiftrate, he fliall be fined Ninety-fix Puns of Cowries, 
 
 CHAP.
 
 ( '43 ) 
 
 * 
 
 CHAP. vr. 
 
 Of scares, 
 
 Sed. T. Of Shares of Trade in Partnerflilp. 
 Se6l. II. Of Shares of Artificers. 
 
 SECT. I. 
 
 Of Shares of Trade in Part?ierJJjip, 
 
 A Man of a reputable Caft, experienced in Bufinefs, induftrious, intelli- 
 gent, and underftanding his Income and Expences, a Man of Virtue, and of a 
 clean Charafter, and of Perfeverance in his Affairs, fuch a Man is to be chofeiv 
 as a Partner in Trade. 
 
 If Perfons have commenced a Partnerfliip in Trade, without a fettled Agree- 
 ment concerning their refpeilive Shares in the Profit and Lofs, in that Cafe, 
 they fhall underftand their Profit and Lofs to be in Proportion to the Stock; 
 if they have commenced the Partnerfhip upon a fettled Agreement concerning 
 the Shares of Profit and Lofs, they fhall underftand their Profit and Lofs to 
 be according to the Agreement* 
 
 • Trade fnall be carried on with fuch Perfons as have never been convifled 
 of any fraudulent Pra6tices ; if, after the Commencement of the Partnerfliip, 
 the Appearance of any Fraud in either of the Partners fliould arife, the Party 
 fufpeded fliall clear himfelf by taking an Oath, or undergoing the Purrikeb. 
 
 F f f ' If
 
 ( «44 ) 
 
 If Stock of a Partneifliip iiiTrad<? be fpoiled by any unforefeen Accident, 
 or by any Innovation of the Magiftrate, the Lofs ihall fall upon the Shares of 
 all the Partners. 
 
 If a Perfon, without Conlent of his Partners, nolens vokns, in Oppofition to 
 ihem, fliould undertake any Bufinefs, and the Stock is thereby injured, he 
 (hall make good that Stock to the Partners. 
 
 If an unexpected Calamity, or any Innovation of the Magiftrate fliould 
 take place, during that Calamiry, if any One of the Partners can preferve any 
 Part of the Stock, he Ihail receive to himfelf One Tenth of the Property fo 
 prefervcd. 
 
 To a Man who hath been guilty of Frauds, no Part of the Profit fhall be 
 given ; but his original Share of the Stock fhali be returned to him, and he 
 Ihall be excluded from the Partnerfliip. 
 
 If either of the Partners excufes himfelf from the Bufinefs, or the Preferva- 
 tion of the Scock, he fhall appoint fome able Perfon, upon his own Account, 
 in his room; and if either of them, who is capable of tranfafting every Part of 
 the Bufmefs, and who has engaged in fome of the Trade, fhould die, in that 
 Cafe, whoever Is his Heir Iball receive OneTenth of the Profit, and alfo his ori- 
 ginal Share: If he has no Heir, the Perfon who had the Care of the Stock fhall 
 receive the Tenth Part of the Profit ^ if the Care of the Stock was intruded to 
 no One in particular, all the Partners fliall receive equal Shares -, if all the Part- 
 ners are dead, the Magiftrate's Officers Ihall carry all the Goods to the Ma- 
 giftrate for his Infpedion, and the Magiftrate fhall detain the Goods, unt^ 
 the Heirs bring in their Claim j if the Heirs come in, and prove their Right 
 
 of
 
 ( r+5 ) 
 
 of Inherltarvce, tlie MagiPirate niall give up all Pretenfions to the Goods-, if 
 there is no Heir, and the Houfe oF the dccealed Merchants be at a gre?.t Dif- 
 tance, the Magiftrate Ihall keep the Property in his Cullody for Ten Years; 
 if the Houfe be not at fo very great a Diftance, he fliall keep it in Cudody 
 for Three Years-, if their Houfe is very near, he iliall keep in Cuftody thac 
 Property for OneYear-, if, within that Space of Time, any tleir comes in, and 
 Cun prove himfclf the Heir, in that Cafe, the Magiftrate fliall take for himfelf 
 One Part in Twenty of the Property of a Bramhi^ One Twelfth of the Property 
 of a Chehteree, One Ninth of that of a Bice^ and .One Sixth from that of a 
 ^codcr\ if, within that Time, no Heir fliould appear, the Magiibate fhall ap- 
 propriate to himfelf the Property of a Chebteree^ Bice, and Sooder, and give 3 
 Bramin^s Property to other Bramins -, and if there are jbo B^^inins^ he Ihall caulb 
 it to be thrown into tlie Wjiter. 
 
 S E C T. 
 
 Of the Shares of Artifcers, 
 
 If feveral Perfons labour jointly in Gold and Silver, or fuch Species, or ia 
 Silk, or in Wood for Fuel, or in Stone, or Leather, or fuch Kind of Things^ 
 the Perfon who is but a young Pra<5titioner in the Art fl:iall receive a fingls 
 Share, and he who is more experienced fliall receive Two Shares, and he who 
 is a complete Artificer at the Bufmefs fliall receive Three Shares, and he who 
 is Inftru<5tor to them all fliall receive Four Shares. 
 
 ,^ If a Perfon jointly with others builds a Houfe, or makes a Pool, he who 
 is Chief among them all fliall be entitled to a double Share thereof; the others 
 fliall each receive a fingle Share. 
 
 Amon€
 
 ( 146 ) 
 
 Among Singers, Muficians, and others exercifmg fiich Kinds of Profeflions, 
 whoever of them underftands the Regulation of Time (hall receive One Share 
 and a Half; the others fhall receive each One Share, and the Chief fliall receive 
 Two Shares. 
 
 The Mode of Shares among Robbers is this : If any Thieves, by the Com- 
 mand of the Magiftrate, and with his AlTiftance, have committed Depredati- 
 ons upon, and brought any Booty from another Province, the Magiftrate fliail 
 receive a Share of One Sixth of the whole; if they received no Command or 
 AfTiftance from the Magiftrate, they fhall give theMagiftrate, in that Cafe, One 
 Tenth for hisSliare; and o' the Remainder theirChief fhall receive Four Shares-, 
 and whofoever among them is perfed: Mafter of his Occupation fhall receive 
 Tiiree Shares ; alfo whichever of them is remarkable ftrong and ftout fhall re- 
 ceive Two Shares, and the reft fhall receive each One Share; if any One of the 
 Community of the Thieves happens to be taken, and fliould be releafed from 
 the Cutcherry, upon Payment of a Sum of Money, all the Thieves fliall make 
 good that Sum by equal Shares. 
 
 All thtfe Shares of Painters, Singers, Thieves, [yc. that have been above 
 explained, are to be underftood in Cafes where no Agreenient of Shares hath 
 bten originally fettled; if any Agreement among them, in regard to Shares, 
 hat'T taken place, they fliall receive their Proportions by the Tenour of fuch 
 A g'. cement. 
 
 CHAP.
 
 ( 147 ) 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 
 OJ Gift (or Aiie?2atio7t by Gift>) 
 
 This has Four DiJiinEiions : 
 
 Firjl^ Of what is not liable to be given away {/. e.) Adew. 
 
 One Partner cannot give away Goods belonging to the Partnerfhip, with- 
 out Confent of the Partners j but according to the Ordination oi Pachcjhputtee 
 JVlifr, Sewarteh Behtacharige^ Jeimoot Bdbun, and Shree Kijhen 'Terkalungkar, it is 
 thus explained, That, from the Goods in Partnerfliips, if anyPerfon gives away 
 any Thing of that Part to which he has a Right, as his own Share, the Gift 
 is approved, but the Donor is blamable : — Approved. 
 
 If a Calamity Ihould happen to any Perfon, he may not give away his Wife 
 to another Man, without that Wife's Confent ; if fhe is willing, he has Power 
 to give her away. 
 
 If a Man, during a Calamity, gives away or fells his Son to any Perfon, 
 without the Confent of that Son, it is not approved j if the Son is willing, the 
 Father has Power to fell or give him away. 
 
 If a Man hath only One Son, and that Son is willing to be fold or given 
 away, in that Cafe, even in Time of Calamity, the Father hath not Power to 
 fell or give away his Son. 
 
 G g g The
 
 ( h8 ) 
 
 The Wife may not give away or fell her Son, without the Confcnt of her 
 Hiifband J if flie fo gives away or fells her Son, it is not approved ^ if fhe hath 
 her Mufl^jand's Order to give away or fell her Son, it is approved. 
 
 A Person cannot give away or fell to any One the whole of his Property,, 
 without the Confcnt of his Heirs ; if he fo (dh it, or gives it away, it is not 
 approved , according to the Ordinations of TacheJIjpittee Mifr. 
 
 If a Perfon,who hath an Heir alive, fells or gives away the whole of hisPro- 
 perty, the Sale or Gift is approved j but it is to be imputed a Crime in the 
 Vender or Giver; according to the Ordinations oi Shertee Shclr : — Approved. 
 
 During the Life-Time of an Heir, even if that Heir be willing, yet then 
 a Vti^OTi may not give away or fell the whole of his Property; according to the 
 Ordinations of fume Ptiudits, whofe Names are not expreffed in the Compik- 
 tion. 
 
 A Person fliall not give to another any Thing pledged to himfelf ; if he 
 gives it away, or fells it, it is not approved. 
 
 A Person Ihall not give to another any Thing committed in Truft to him- 
 felf i if he gives it away, or fells it, it is not approved. 
 
 A Person, wlio hath borrowed any Thing from One Man, lliall not give 
 away the Thing fo borrowed to another; if he fo gives it away, or fells it, 
 it is not approved. 
 
 If
 
 ( 1 49 ) 
 
 If a Man (liali have told i^nother, " I will give you thisThing as a Prefci.t," 
 that Man lliall not afterwards give away the fame Thing to a Second ^ if he id 
 gives it away, or fells it, it is not approved. 
 
 Second, Of v.diat is liable to be siven 'i. e.) Ben: 
 
 If a Man's Property and Pofll-fllons are more than v/ill fiiffice to feed -and 
 clothe his Dependants, fuch Overplus of Property and PolTcflions is liable to 
 be given away ; if there is not more than is neceflfary for fuch Ufes, it is not 
 liable to be given ; if he gives it away, the Gift is not approved, and ths 
 Giver incurs a Blame, 
 
 If a Man hath told another, " I will give you fuch a Thing," and after-' 
 wards doth not give it, he is in Danger of Gehennum : Alio, if, after having 
 given it, he takes back his Gift, in that Cafe, he goes to Hell, 
 
 If a Man, not knowing the Objeclion of Want of Call in another, hath 
 promifed to give him anyThing, and afterwards, upon difcovering his Difgrace, 
 doth not give it, he is not in fault. 
 
 If a Man, having defired of his own Free-Will to give any Thing to a 
 Brajnin, doth not give ir, the Magiftrate fhall caufe him to give the Thing 
 fpecified, with Interefl, and lliail alfo take from him a Fine. 
 
 Third, Of what hath been once given cannot be taken back (i. e.) Butt a. 
 
 If a Perfon pays Wages for Work v/hich he hath caufed to be done, he 
 
 cannot take fuch Wages back £2;airL 
 
 If
 
 ( ISO ) 
 
 If a Perfon, by a Difplay of his Abilities, gives another great Satisfaflion, 
 xvho, in confequence, makes him a Prefent, that Gift may not be taken back. 
 
 When a Man hath purchafed any Article, he mufl, at all Events, pay the 
 iPriceofit-, and, afterpayment, he Ihall not have Power to take it back. 
 
 If a Perfon, upon the Marriage of his Son or Daughter, hath given any 
 Thing, by way of Gratification, to the Son's Wife's Father's Family, or to 
 •the Daughter's Hufband's Father's Family, he Hiall not have Power to take 
 it back. 
 
 If a Man gives any Thing to another who hath conferred an Obligation 
 upon him, he fliall no: have Pov/er to take back his Gift. 
 
 Ira Man, to his own Satisfaction, hath given any Thing to another who 
 defcrved Favour, there is no Redemption. 
 
 If a Man, in the way of Amity, gives anyThing to his Friend, he hath not 
 the Power of taking it back. 
 
 •& 
 
 If a Man, out of Kindnefs,hath given ought to his Son, to his Grandfon, or 
 to his Grandfon's Son, or any fuch Heir, he may not take it back again. 
 
 Fourth, Of Gift unapproved (/. e.) Butt. 
 
 If a Man, from a violent Impulfe of Fear, gives any Thing to another, it 
 is not approved. 
 
 If a Man, from a violent Impulfe of Anger, gives any Thing to another, 
 it is not approved. 
 
 If
 
 ( I5» ) 
 
 If a Man, from a violent Impulfc of Lull, gives any Thing to another, 
 it is not approved. 
 
 If a Man, from violent Impulfe of Grief, gives any Thing to another 
 Perfon, it is not approved. 
 
 If a Man, having determined in his own Mind to give One particularThino- 
 to any Perfon, by Miftake gives another Thing inftead, it is not approved (or 
 valid.) 
 
 If a Man jeftingly gives any Thing to another, it is not approved. 
 
 If a Man hath determined in his own Mind to give any Thing to One Per- 
 fon, and by Miftake gives it to another, it is not approved. 
 
 If a Man,without knowing it, gives any Thing to another, it is not approved. 
 
 If a Child, who cannot diftinguilh between Good and Evil, gives a Perfon 
 any Thing, it is not approved. 
 
 If a Perfon, who cannot diftinguifh his own Good and Evil, gives a Perfon 
 any Thing, it is not approved. 
 
 If a Son or Grandfon, during the Life of the Father or Grandfather, or a 
 Servant, while he hath a Mafter, gives away any Thing, it is not approved. 
 
 If a Man,who hath drunkWine until he is intoxicated, fhoiild, during that 
 Intoxication, give any Thing to another, it is not approved. 
 
 H h h If
 
 ( 15^ ) 
 
 If an Idiot gives a Perfon any Thing, it is not approved. 
 
 If a Perfon, whofe Relations are in abfoIuteWant of Food and Cloaths, 
 gives any Thing to another, it is not approved. 
 
 If a Man fays to another, " Do you perform myBiifinefs for me, and I will 
 reward you for it," if that Perfon cannot do the Bufmels, the other Ihall not 
 give him any Thing ; if he hath given him any Thing as Earnefl:, he may take 
 it b ick ; if the Perfon will not return it, the Magiftrate fhall oblige him to 
 Reftoration, and fhall fine him alfo Eleven Times as much. 
 
 If a Perfon, having declared, that he would give Something to another for 
 a religious Account, fhould die, his Sons Ihall give itj if it be not for a reli- 
 gious Account, they ihall not give it. 
 
 If a Man fays to another, " I will give you Something, if you can procure 
 me a Witnefs on a falfeTeftimony, in a certain Affair," then, even if the other 
 produces a Witnefs on the falfe Teftimony, the promifed Gift fhall not be 
 made good •, if it was given before the Execution of the Bufmefs, it may be 
 taken back. 
 
 If a Man fays to another, " I will give you Something, if you are able to 
 apprehend a Thief, or a Murderer, or fuch Kind of Criminals," then, even if 
 the other fhould apprehend and bring fuch a Perfon, Nothing fhall be beftovved 
 on that Account •, if any Thing had been given before the Bufinefs, it may be 
 taken back. 
 
 If any Perfon hath requefted and received any- Thing from another upon a 
 
 rel gious Account, and doth not tiien fulfil that Ad of Religion, that Perfon 
 
 ' may
 
 may take back the Thing given ; if by Force, or out of Avarice, it be not 
 returned, the Magiftrate fhall caufe it to be given backj and fhall take a Fine 
 from the Detainer. 
 
 If a Perfon receives from another any of thofe Things which are not liable 
 to be given away, the Magiftrate fliall fine him,. 
 
 CHAP.
 
 ( 154 ) 
 CHAP. VIII. 
 
 Of Servitude. 
 
 Sect. I. Of Appellations of Apprentices, Servants, Slaves, ^c^ 
 
 Se6t. II. Of the Modes of Enfranchifing Slaves. 
 
 Se6t. III. Of fuch as are Slaves, and pf fuch as are not Slaves, 
 
 SECT. I. 
 
 Of AppellalioTis of Apprentices^ ServantSy Slaves ^ ^c» 
 
 Service is of Five Sorts, viz, 
 
 1. Shi/h. 
 
 2. Jniee Bqfljee, 
 
 3. Bhertuk. 
 
 4. jfldhegeerun Gerrut. 
 
 5. Dofs. 
 
 The Firfl is when a Perfon is learning the Science of the Beids^ or any 
 other ShaJleVy he is called Shijh ; and, until he hath learned the Science, he 
 fhall perform Service for his Tutor •, and, during the Time he remains in his 
 Tutor's Houfe to learn that Science, whatever Gain he may happen to acquire 
 by fuch Science, his Tutor Ihall receive. 
 
 The
 
 ( ^55 ) 
 
 The Second is when a Perfon is learning; Painting?, or Dcfi'Tnin"-, or 
 Needle-Work, or any other fuch Employment from an Inftru6tor, he is Culled 
 ^niee Bajhee •, and while he is learning that Art, he fhall perform Service for 
 his Mailer J and while he remains in his Mafter's Houfe, until he fhall hive 
 learnt that Art, during that Time, whatever Gain he may happen to acquire 
 by fuch Art, his Mafter fliall receive ; and if an Apprentice fhould foriakc 
 his Mafter, who is without Fault, and Ihould go elfewherc to learn his Art, 
 the Magiftrate fhall banifli fuch Apprentice from the Kingdom. 
 
 The Third is Bhertuk^ which is Twofold i the Firft Arteh Bherut^ the 
 Second Bhook Bherut, 
 
 1. When a Perfon, on receiving Wages, performs Service for it, that is 
 called Arteh Bherut. 
 
 2. When a Perfon, peopling and cultivating the Lands of any other Man, 
 takes a Part of the Crop, by way of Wagcjs, or who, upon breeding-up, for 
 another Perfon, Kine, Buffaloes, and fuch Kind of Cattle, takes for his 
 Wages the Milk, or fome of the Kine and Buffaloes aforefaid, that is called 
 Bhook Bherut, 
 
 The Fourth is when a Man takes care of his Relations and Family, that 
 is called Adhegeerun Gerrut : From Servants of thefe Four Kinds no undue 
 Service fhall be required j they fhall be caufed to perform only fuch Duty 
 as is fuitable to their Cafl : Undue Service fliall be performed by the Dofs. 
 Undue Service is as follows : To fweep and cleanfe the Houfe, the Court of 
 the Houfe, the Doorway or Entrance, the Ncceffary, and other impure Places ; 
 and in Times of Sicknefs to attend upon and cleanfe the Patient, after the 
 
 I i i natural
 
 ( 156 ) 
 
 natural Evacuations ; and to take away the Excrements, and to rub the Feet: 
 Except thele Kinds of Service, all other Duty is fuitable and due. 
 
 The Fifth is Bofs^ or Slaves •, and the Dofs is of Fifteen Species-: 
 
 \. Whoever, is born of a Female Slave, and is called Gerhejat, 
 
 2. Whoever is purchafed for a Price, and is called Keereeut. 
 
 3. Whoever is found anywhere by Chance, and is called Luhdehee, 
 
 4. Vn^hoever is a Slave by Defcent from his Anceftors, and is called 
 
 Dayavaupaki'J. 
 
 5. Whoever hath been fed, and hath had his Life preferved by another 
 during a Famine, and is called Eenakal Behrut, 
 
 6. Whoever, hath been delivered up as a Pledge for Money borrowed,. 
 and is called JhuL 
 
 7. Whoever, to free himfelf from the Debt of One Creditor, hath bor- 
 rowed Money from another Perfon, and, having difcharged the old Debt, 
 gives himfelf up as a Servant to the Perfon with whom the prefcnt Debt is 
 contradcd; or whoever, by way of terminating the Importunities of a Cre- 
 ditor, delivers himfelf up for a Servant to that Creditorj and is c^lkd Mookbud, 
 
 8. Whoever hath been enflaved by the Fortune of Battle, and is called 
 Jcodcb Ferraput. 
 
 I 
 
 0. Whoever becomes a Slave by a Lofs on the Chances of Dice, or 
 oiher Games, and is called Punjeet -, according to the Ordinations oi Perkajh- 
 
 kar
 
 ( ^57 ) 
 
 Mar and Parrcejaut •, and according to the Ordination of Chendeefur ; u is thus : 
 That by whatever Chance he is conquered, and becomes a Slave, he is called 
 Punjeei .-—Approved. 
 
 10. Whoever, of his own Defire, fays to another, " I am become your 
 Slave," and is called Opookut. 
 
 11. When a Chehteree^ or Bice, having become SinaJ[feey apoflates from 
 that Way of Life, the Magiflrate fhall make him a Slave, and is called Perberja- 
 hejheet, 
 
 12. Whoever voluntarily gives himfelf as a Slave to another for a fti- 
 pulated Time, and is called Gheerut. 
 
 13. Whoever performs Servitude for his Subfiftence, and is called. 
 Bhekut. 
 
 14. Whoever, from the Defire of pofTelTing a Slave Girl, becomes a- 
 Slave, and is called Berhakrut. 
 
 15. Whoever, of his own Accord, fells his Liberty, and becomes a Slave,, 
 and is called Beekreel, 
 
 SECT.
 
 ( 158 ) 
 SECT. II. 
 
 Of the Modes of Kfifranchijlng Slaves, 
 
 'Whoever is born from the Body of a Female Slave, and whoever hath 
 been purchafed for a Price, and whoever hath been found by Chance any- 
 where, and whoever is a Slave by Defcent from his Anceftors, thefe Four 
 S-pecies of Slaves, until they are freed by the voluntary Confent of their Maf- 
 ters, cannot liave their Liberty j if their Mailer, from a Principle of Bene- 
 ficence, gives them their Liberty, they become free. 
 
 Whoever, having received his Vifluals from a Perfon during the Time 
 of a Famine, hath become his Slave, upon giving to his Provider whatever he 
 received from him during the Time of the Famine, and alfo Two Head of 
 Cattle, may become free from his Servitude; according to the Ordinations of 
 Pachejhptittee Mifr : — Approved. Chcndeefur, upon this Head, fpeaks thus; 
 That he who has received Victuals during a Famine, and hath, by thofe 
 Means, become a Slave, on giving Two Head of Cattle to his Provider, may 
 become free. 
 
 Whoever, having been given up as a Pledge for Money lent, performs 
 Service to the Creditor, recovers his Liberty whenever the Debtor difcharges 
 the Debt •, if the Debtor negleds to pay the Creditor his Money, and takes 
 no thought of the Perfon whom he left as a Pledge, that Perfon becomes the 
 purchafed Slave of the Creditor. 
 
 Whoever, being unable to pay his Creditor a Debt, hath borrowed a Sum 
 of Money from iinQther Perfon, and paid his former Creditor therewith, and 
 
 hath
 
 ( 159 ) 
 
 hath thus become a Slave to the Second Creditor, or who, to filence the Impor- 
 tvinities of his Creditor's Demands, hath yielded himlelf a Slave to that Cre- 
 ditor, fuch Kind of Slaves Ihall not be releafed from Servitude, until Payment 
 of the Debts. 
 
 Whoever, by the Lofs of the Chance in any Game, and whoever, by the 
 Fortune of War, is enflaved, thefe Two Perfons, upon givingTwo others equal 
 to themfelvcs in Exchange, are releafed from t-heir Servitude. 
 
 If the Slave of One Perfon goes to another, and of his own Defire confents 
 to be the Slave of that Perfon, in this Cafe, he muft ftill be the Property of the 
 Perfon to whom he was firft a Slave: — The Mode of Releafe for every Kind 
 of Slave fhall take place, according to the Ordination laid down for each. 
 
 A Chehteree and Bice, who, after having been Sinaffees, apoftate from that 
 Way of Life, and are become the Slaves of the Magillrate, can never be re- 
 leafed. 
 
 If a Bramin hath committed this Crime, the Magiftrate fhall not make him 
 a Slave, but, having branded him in the Forehead, with the Print of a Dog's 
 Foot, fhall banifh him the Kingdom. 
 
 Whoever hath yielded himfelf a Slave for a ftipulated Time, upon the 
 Completion of that Term, Ihall recover his Freedom. 
 
 Whoever performs a Servitude for his Subfiflence Ihall recover his Free- 
 dom, upon renouncing that Subfiftence. 
 
 Whoever, for the Sake of enjoying a Slave Girl, becomes a Slave to any 
 Perfon, he Ihall recover his Freedom, upon renouncing the Slave Girl. 
 
 Kkk Whoever
 
 ( i6o ) 
 
 Whoever hath become a Slave, by felling himfelf to any Perfon, he fliali 
 not be free, until the Mafter of his own Accord gives him his Freedom. 
 
 If the Mafter, from a Principle of Beneficence, gives him his Liberty, he 
 becomes free. 
 
 If a Thief, having ftolen the Child of any Perfon, fells it to another, or a 
 Man, by abfolute Violence, forces another to be his Slave, the Magiftrate fliall 
 reftore fuch Perfon to his Freedom. 
 
 If the Mafter of a Slave fliould be in imminent Danger of his Life, and at 
 that Time this Slave, by his own Efforts and Prefence of Mind, is able to fave 
 the Life of his Mafter, the Slave aforefaid Ihall be freed from his Servitude, 
 and be held as a Sonj if he choofes it, he may ftay with his former Mafter j if 
 he choofes it, he fliall quit that Place, and go where he will at Liberty. 
 
 Whoever is without a legitimate Child, and from the Seed of his own Body 
 hath a Child from the Womb of a Slave Girl, that Girl, together with her Son, 
 becomes free. 
 
 When any PerfDn, from a Principle of Beneficence, would releafe his Slave,, 
 the Mode of it is this ; The aforefaid Slave fliall fill a Pitcher withWater, and 
 put therein Bcrenge-arook (Rice that has been cleanfcd without boiling) and 
 Flowers, and Boob (a Kind of fmall Salad) and, taking the Pitcher upon his 
 Shoulder, fliall ftand near hisMafter; and the Mafter, putting thePitcher upon 
 the Slave's Head, fliall then break the Pitcher, fo that theWater, Rice, Flowers, 
 and Dcob^ that were in the Pitcher, may fall upon the Slave's Body; after that, 
 the Mafter fliall Three Times pronounce the Words, " I have made you free;" 
 
 upon
 
 ( i6i ) 
 
 upon this Speech, the Slave aforefaid fhall take fome Steps towards the Eaft, 
 whereupon he Ihall be free. 
 
 Whoever hath become a Slave to any Perfon, that Mafter is Proprietor of- 
 any Property that Slave may acquire, exclufive of the Price of his own Sla- 
 very, and exclufive alfo of any Thing which may be given to him as a Prefent. 
 
 S E C T. riL 
 
 Of fuch as are Slaves^ and of fuch as are not Slaves, 
 
 If the Slave of any Perfon marries a Woman, that Woman becomes the- 
 Slave of the fame Mafter, unlefs Ihe be the Slave of any other Perfon, 
 
 If that Woman be the Slave of any Perfon, and her Mafter gives Confent 
 to the Marriage, in that Cafe alfo, ftie becomes the Slave of her Huft^and's- 
 Mafter. 
 
 A Man of a fuperior Caft, if he is upright and fteady in the Principles of 
 tlmt Caft, can never be the Slave to a Man of an inferior Caft, 
 
 Slaves are made of the Three C^fts oi Chehteree^ Bke, and Sooder-, a Bramin 
 can never be a Slave. 
 
 If a Chehleree, a Bice^ or a Sooder, caufe a Braj77in to become a Slave, the 
 Mapjiftrate ftiall exacSt a Fine from them of One Thoufand One Hundred 
 Puns of Cowries. 
 
 A Bramin cannot caufe another Bramin to become a Slave; but the Bramin^   
 who is learned in his Science, may caufe an unlearned Bramin to perform all 
 
 proper ■>
 
 ( i'6^ ) 
 
 proper Service for him, exclufive of thofe undue Services above defcrlbed -, 
 and he who is well grounded in Science may alfo caufe fuch due Services to 
 be performed, by thofe who are unprincipled in Science; according to the 
 Ordinations oi Parreejatit and Helayoodeh: — Approved. 
 
 Ltikkee Deher, upon this Head, fpeaks thus, That whoever, being a Bramrn, 
 ads like a Ckehteree, a Bice^ or a Sooder^ fuch Kind of Bramin mull never caufe 
 oiher Bramins to perform Duty or Service for him. 
 
 If any Perfon obL'ges a learned Bramin^ againfb his own Confent, to per- 
 form Labour and Service, the Magiftrate fhall fine him Six Hundred Puns oi 
 Cowries. 
 
 If a Bramin hath purchafed a Sooder, or even if he hath not purchafed him, 
 he may caufe him to perform Service. 
 
 The Chehieree, Bice, and Sooder, may each caufe their refpe(5tive Cafts to 
 perform Service-, as a Chehteree may employ another Chehteree, a Bice may em- 
 ploy another Bice, and a Sooder may employ another Sooder : As alfo a fuperior 
 Cad may employ the inferior Caft; as a Bramin may employ a Chehteree, a 
 Chehteree may employ a Bice, and a Bice may employ a Sooder, 
 
 If a Man fells the Wife of a Bramin to any Perfon, or keeps her to him- 
 felf, it is not approved ; the Magiftrate fhall releafe the Woman, cenfurc the 
 Vender, and hold him amenable. 
 
 If a Perfon, in Time of Calamity, fells his Slave Girl to another Perfon, 
 .without her Confent, the Magiftrate Ihall fine the Vender Two Hundred Puns 
 . of Cowries'. 
 
 A Woman,
 
 C '65 j 
 
 A Woman, who is 01' good Charader and Behaviour, and v, ho, coming to- 
 a Perfon's Houfc, fixes her Abode there, fhall not be obliged to perform any 
 Labour or Service, nor fliall flie be delivered over to any Pcrfon j if flie be 
 obliged to perform Service, or be delivered over to any other Perfon, the Ma* 
 giftrate fliall exafl a Fine from the offending Party, and releafe the Woman, 
 
 If a Man commits Fornication with the Nurfe who brought him up, the 
 Magiftrate fliall fine him Two Hundred and Fifty Puns oi Cowries. 
 
 If a Woman, impelled by any Calamity, fliould come to any Perfon, and: 
 remain with him, if he commits Fornication with thatWoman, the Masiftrate. 
 Ihall fine him Two Hundred and Fifty Puns of Coiujies,. 
 
 Lll 
 
 CHAP.
 
 ( ^^4 ) 
 
 CHAP. IX. 
 
 Of Wages* 
 
 Sed. I. Of the Wages of Servants, 
 
 Se6t. II. Of the Wages of Dancing Women or Proftitiites, 
 
 SECT. I. 
 
 Of the Wages of Servants, 
 
 Whatever Wages were promifed to a Servant, at the Time of his being 
 hired, according to that Promife, Wages Ihall be paid. 
 
 If a Man hath hired any Perfon to conduft a Trade for him, and no Agree- 
 ment is made in regard to Wages, in that Cafe, the Perfon hired fhall receive 
 One Tenth of fuch Profit. 
 
 Ira Man hath hired any Perfon to attend his Cattle, and no Agreement is 
 made in regard to Wages, in that Cafe, the Perfon hired fliall receive One 
 Tenth of the Milk produced by the Cows. 
 
 If a Man hath hired any Perfon for the Bufmefs of Agriculture (exclufive 
 of driving the Plough) and no Agreement is made in regard to Wages, that 
 Perfon Ihall receive One Tenth of the Crop produced. 
 
 Where
 
 (^ '65 ) 
 
 Where fcveral Perfons are employed in the Execution of Ot.e Piece of 
 Bufiners, of the whole Wages paid for iuch Work, they fliall each receive 4 
 refpedtive Proportion, according to tlae Difference of their AlTiduity. 
 
 If a Perfon hired for the Biifincfs of Agriculture (liould abfcond, the Ma, 
 gillrate (hall cenfure him, and take a Fine from him. 
 
 If a Perfon, receiving his Viduals in the .Hoiife of his Mafter, performs 
 the Bufinefs of plowing the Ground, and noWages are ftipulated, in that Cafe, 
 whatever Crop is produced from that Ground, the Perfon fo employed fhall 
 receive One Fifth of that Crop; if he does not receive hisVidbuals at theHoufc; 
 of his Mafter while he performs the Bufinefs of ploughing, he fhali receive 
 One Third. 
 
 Iv a Perfon, who is hired to bring up any domeftick Animals or Birds, 
 (hould abfcond, the Magiftrate Iliallhold him amenable, and fhall cenfure him. 
 
 If a Perfon, having received his Wages, doth not perform the Bufinefs for 
 which he was hired, and at the fame Time is not fick, the Magiftrate fhall 
 caufe him to give back to his Mafl:er whatever Wages he may have received, 
 and ihall fine him in Double of that Sum. 
 
 If a Perfon, not having agreed for Wages at the Time of being hired, fhall 
 have performed the Bufinefs allotted him, upon which Bufinefs no Profit what- 
 ever fhould arife, in that Cafe, according to the Wages that other People in 
 the fame Kingdom receive for the fame Kind of Bufinefs, he alfo fliall receive 
 Waoes at the fame Rate from his Mailer, - 
 
 If
 
 ( i66 ) 
 
 If a Perfon, not receiving hisWages, but making a Stipulation for the Pay- 
 ment anil Proportion of them, is employed upon any Bufinefs, and, during the 
 Time of fuch Employment, abfconds from his Bufmefs, without the Plea of 
 Sicknefs, or any Calamity, the Magiftrate fliall fine him in whatever Sum was 
 agreed upon for his Wages. 
 
 If a Perfon, being hired to perform any Bufinefs, fl^ould forfike that Bufi- 
 nefs, at a Time when but little of it remains unfinilhed, without the Plea of 
 Sicknefs, or any Calamity, he fiiall not receive any Wages. 
 
 If a Perfon, hath given another a Promife, faying, " I will execute your 
 Bufinefs," and at the lame Time negleds to begin it, and, without the Plea 
 of Sicknefs, or any Calamity, afterwards fiiould fay, " I fiiall not be able to 
 execute your Bufinefs," in that Cafe, the Magifiirate fliall caufe him to per- 
 form the Bufinefs; if, after the Order of the Magiftrate, that Perfon fiiill 
 negledls to execute the Bufinefs, the Magiftrate fiiall fine him Eight Gold 
 Coins, and, without giving him any Wages, fliall oblige him to perform the 
 Work agreed for. 
 
 If a Perfon, being allotted the Execution of any Work, fliould fall fick 
 after he has begun the Work, and afterwards, upon his Recovery, goes on 
 with the Performance of the Bufinefs, he fliall receive Wages alfo for the 
 Tim.e of his Sicknefs. 
 
 If a Man, by the Fault of his Mafter, forfakes his Service, in that Cafe, 
 lie fliall receive proportionate Wages for whatever Number of Days he con- 
 tinued in the Service. 
 
 O 
 
 I?
 
 ( »67 ) 
 
 If a Servant, by his own Fault, fpoils any Thing belonging to his MaHcr, 
 that Servant (hall make it good-, but if that Thing b^ fpoiied by any unex- 
 pefted Calamity, or Innovation of the Magiftrate, the Servant fliall not pay 
 for it. 
 
 If a Perfon, without any Fault committed by his Servant, difchprgts the 
 Servant, tiie Magiftrate fiiail take from that Perfon One tiundrcd Puuj of 
 ■.powries, and caufe him to pay the Servant his Wages. 
 
 If a Servant malicioufly hurts the Property of his Mafter, he Ihall give 
 Twice as much to the Magiftrate for a Fine, and make good the Property of 
 his Mafter. 
 
 If a Servant, at the Command of his Mailer, commits Theft, or Murder, 
 or any fuch Crimes, in that Cafe, it is not the Fault of the Servant, the Mailer 
 only is guilty, 
 
 Ira Beopar)\ hiring a Perfon to go to any fpecified Place, takes him along 
 .>vith himfelf, and the Beopary^ having fold all his Goods on the intermediate 
 •I^oad, difcharges that Perfon, in that Cafe, he fliall give himWages for what- 
 ever Part of the Road he hath gone; and as to the Part of the Way agreed 
 iiipon, which remains untravelled, he fhall give him Half of the ftipulatcd 
 V/ages for that Part; and, if, as they are on their Journey to the Place fpeci- 
 fied, any Perfon (hould hinder the Beopary from carrying his Goods, or 
 .fliould Ileal them, in that Cafe, the Perfon hired Ihall receive Wages for that 
 Part of the Journey already a.ccomplifhed, and for what remains unperformed, 
 ;he ihall receive Nothing. 
 
 M m m If
 
 { 168 ) 
 
 If a Perfon, going on a Journey, takes another with him, and this Perforj 
 fliould fall fick upon the Road, or is unable to travel on Account of Fatigue, 
 in that Caie, the Perfon who took him fhall remain Three Days upon the Spot, 
 in waiting for him ; if he does not thus wait for him, the Magiftrate fhall fine 
 him. 
 
 If a Perfon, without receiving Wages, or Subfiftence, or Cloaths, attends 
 Ten Milch Cows, in that Cafe, he (hall feled, for his own Ufe, the Milk of 
 that Cow, whichever produces the moftj and if he attends more Cows than 
 thole, he fhall take Milk, after the fame Rate, in lieu of Wages. 
 
 If a Perfon attends One Hundred Cows, for the Space of One Year, with- 
 out any Appointment of Wages, in that Cafe, by way of Wages, he fhall 
 take to himfelf One Pleifer of Three Years old ; and alfo, of all thofe Cows 
 that produce Milk, whatever the Quantity may be, after every Eight Days, 
 he fhall take to himfelf the Milk, the entire Produce of One Day. 
 
 If a Perfon attends Two Hundred Cows, for the Space of One Year, with*- 
 out Appointment of Wages, in that Cafe, after every Eight Days, he fhall 
 take to himfelf the Milk, the entire Produce of One Day j and alfo, by way 
 of Wages, One Cow in Milk, and her Calf. 
 
 Cattle fhall be delivered over to the Cowherd in the Morning -, the Cow- 
 herd fliall tend the Herd the whole Day with Grafs and Water, and in the 
 Evening fhall redeliver them to the Mafter, in the fame Manner as they were 
 intrufled to him •, if, by the Fault of the Cowherd, any of the Cattle are huxt 
 cr ftolen, that Cowherd fhall make them good. 
 
 When
 
 ( i69 ) 
 
 When ^ Perfon is employed, Night and Day, in attending Cattle, if One 
 of them, by his Fault, fliould be hurt, he fliall make it good. 
 
 If a Thief takes away, by Violence, a Cow or a Buffaloe, in the Owner's 
 Sight, and the Cowherd, as foon as lie knows the Circumftance, makes a 
 violent Outcry, but is not able to preferve them, it is not to be imputed the 
 Fault of the Cowherd j and, if in that Country, or in that particular Spot, any 
 Calamity fhould happen, during which Time the domeftick Anim.als come 
 to any Damage, it is not to be imputed the Fault of the Cowherd, the Lofs 
 fliall fall upon the Owner. 
 
 If a Cowherd drives away any Cows, Buffaloes, and fuch Kinds of Cattle, 
 to feed, or on any Account carries them to another Place, he Oiall guard 
 thofe Cattle, to the utmoft of his Power, from any Accident of Flics, Thieves, 
 Tigers, Pits, Rocks, or any fuch Kind of Misfortune •, if he is unable to 
 proteft them from thefe Accidents, he fhall, with a loud Voice, give Notice 
 to the People there, or to the Owner of the Cattle ; if he does this, no Fault 
 Jies upon the Cowherd •, but if he negleds to ad in this Manner, he fhall make 
 good the Cattle, and the Magiflrate fliall fine him Thirteen Puns ofCo'wries, 
 
 If a Cowherd fhould go to his own Floufe, or to any other Place, and 
 leave any fick Cattle upon the Plains, the Magiftrate fhall cenfure him. 
 
 If a Cow, or Bufl^aloe, or any fuch Kind of Cattle, fliould die of any Slck- 
 nefs, while the Cowherd, knowing the Remedy proper for fuch Sicknefs, 
 neglefted to adminifter it, the Magiftrate fhall cenfure him, and caufe him to 
 give fuch an Animal to the Owner of the Herd; he fhall alfo fine him 
 Thirteen Pirns of Cowries, and caufe the proportionate Part of his Wages to 
 be paid him, 
 
 Whem-
 
 ( 1^0 ) 
 
 When a Cowherd hath led the Cattle to a diftant Place to feed^ i-f it 
 happens, that One, or Two, or more of thofe fhould die of fome Diftemper, 
 notwithftanding the Cowherd applied the proper Remedy, in that Cafe, the 
 Cowherd Ihali carry the Head, or Tail, or Fore or Hind Foot, or fome fuch 
 convincing Proof taken from that Animal's Body, to the Owner of the Cattlqj 
 ■having done this, he lliall be no farther anfwerablej if he negleds to a6t thus, 
 he fhall m.ake good the Lois. 
 
 S JE C T. II. 
 
 Of the Wages of Dancing TVo^nen or Pi'ofitutes. 
 
 ■If a Proftitute, after having received Hire from any Perfon, neglefbs to 
 ^o to him, whatever Money llie received, fhe ihall return back Twice as 
 much-, but if the Perfon who hired her does not require her Attendance, io 
 confequence, the Money he hath given her IhaU npt be returned. 
 
 If a Proftitute or Dancing Woman, having, at her own Requeft, received 
 Hire from any Perfon, fliould be fick, fatigued with any Bufinefs, or melan- 
 choly on Account of any Calamity, or in waiting upon the Bufinefs of the 
 Magiftrate, at fuch Times, if the Perfon aforefaid requires her Attendance, 
 and the Proftitute is unable to go, it is not her Fault; but, after her Recovery, 
 or after the Termination of the Calamity, or after Difmifiion from the 
 above-mentioned Bufinefs, fhe lliill attend him-, if flie then negleds to go, 
 .fhe fhall give back Double of the Hire fhe received. 
 
 If a Perfon, having fettled the Sum to be given, hath hired a Proftitute, 
 and attempts to commit any unnatural Ad: with her, he fhall give her Eight 
 
 Times
 
 ( nl ) 
 
 Times the Sum ftipulated, and pay a Fine alfo of Eight Times as much to the 
 Magiftrate. 
 
 If any Perfon verbally agrees with a Proflitute, and fays, " I will employ 
 you," and gives her Hire upon his own Account, but afterwards, infb^rad of 
 employing her himfelf, caufes feveral other Men to enjoy her, in thai Cafe, he 
 iliall pay her Eight Tinies as much as the Sum (lipulated, and pay a Fins alfo 
 of Eight Times as much to the Magillrate. 
 
 If a Man hath mentioned One particular Perfon's N'ame to a Proftitute, 
 and, having given her a ftipulated Flire in that Perfon's Name, carries her to 
 another Man, the Magiftrate ihall fine that Man One Mafljeh cf Gold (V^ of 
 AJkrujie.) 
 
 If a Man, having agreed with a Proftitute for her Hire, goes to her accord- 
 ingly, and afterwards does not pay her the ftipulated Sum, then whatever 
 Hire he had agreed to give, he ftiall pay Double of that Sum to the Woman, 
 and a Fine alfo of Double of the fame Sum to the Magiftrate. 
 
 If a Perfon, having agreed for the Hire of a Proftitute to himfelf, takes a 
 Number of Men with him to thatProftitute, and there enjoys her, in that Cafe, 
 whateverHire he had agreed to pay, he fliall give her Double of fuch Hire for 
 every Perfon whom he carried with him; and in like Manner ftiall pay Double 
 of fuch Hire for every ftngle Perfon to the Magiftrate as a Fine. 
 
 If a Bherooah (/. e.) a Pimp or attendant Mufician upon Proftitutes, and a 
 Proftitute have any Difpute, the Miftrefs of the Girl ftiall fettle the Difpute. 
 
 N n n CHAP.
 
 ( 172 ) 
 
 CHAP. X. ' 
 
 Of Rent and Hire. 
 
 If a Perfon, paying Rent and Hire, builds a new Houfe upon the Lands of 
 any Stranger, and lives there, in that Cafe, whenever he quits that Place, and 
 pays np his Rent without a Balance, he may do what he pleafes with the Houfe. 
 
 If a Perfon, without paying Rent, builds a new Houfe upon the Lands of 
 a Stranger, and lives there, in that Cafe, at the Time he quits that Place, he 
 may not difpofe of the Houfe at his own Pleafurej the Owner of the Land fhall 
 alfo become Owner of the Houfe. 
 
 If a Perfon liath hired any Thing for a ftipulated Time, he fhall pay the 
 Rent accordingly. 
 
 If a Perfon hath hired any Thing from another, he fhall continue to pay 
 the Hire for it, until he returns it to the Owner.. 
 
 If a Perfon hath hired any Thing from another, and does not apply to any 
 Ufe the Things hired, he muft pay the Rate of Hire for it, and be held to re- 
 turn it to the Owner. 
 
 If a Perfon, having agreed for the Rent of the Water of a Pool, or of the 
 Water of a Well, or of the Water of a River, or of a Houfe, does not pay 
 it, tiie Magiftrate fhall caufe fuch Rent and Hire to be paid.
 
 ( ^7Z. ) 
 
 If a Perfon hath nired any Thing from another, and the Thing fo hired, 
 without any unexpeded Calamity, or Innovation of the Magiflrate, be fpoiled 
 by the Fault of that Perfon, he fhall make it good; if it be damaged by any 
 natural Accident, or by the Innovation of the Magiftrate, he fhall not make it 
 good. 
 
 CHAP.
 
 ( '74 ) 
 C H A P. XL 
 
 Of Purchafe and Sale. 
 
 Se6l. I. Of the Vender's not delivering up to the Purchafer the Commodity 
 fold, and of the Magiftrate's caufmg him to deliver it. 
 
 Sedt. II. Of Returning or not Returning Articles purchafed. 
 
 SECT. I. 
 
 Of the Vender s not delivering up to the Purchafer the Com" 
 modityfold^ and of the Magiftrate s caufmg hi^n to deliver it. 
 
 If a Perfon hath fold to any One, Glebe Land, or Houfes, or any fuch 
 Property, and, having received the due Value for it, forcibly detains the Pre- 
 mifes fold, and himfelf expends the Profit arifmg upon them, upon the Pur- 
 chaier's laying a Complaint of this Nature before the Magiflrate, that Magif- 
 trate fnall caufe the purchafed Premifes, and alfo the Profit accruing upon 
 them, to be delivered over to the Purchafer-, and if, at the Time of 
 entering upon the Premifes, the Price has fallen, with refped to the Tim.e 
 when the Purchafe was made, he fliall caufe fuch Overplus of Price alfo to 
 be given back to the Purchafer, by the Vender ; bur, if the Price hath rifen, 
 the Vender fhall not receive fuch Difference of Price, and the Magiftrate fhall 
 alfo fine the Vender One Hundred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If
 
 t ^75 ) 
 
 If a Perfon fells any Thing, except Glebe Land, to any One, and, having 
 received the due Value, forcibly detains the purchafed Commodity, and himfcif 
 expends the Profits arifing upon it, upon the Purchafer's carrying a Complaint 
 of thisNature before the Magiftrate, that Magiftrate fhall caufe the Commodity- 
 bought to be delivered over to the Purchaferj and alfo whatever Profit tlierc- 
 upon accruing, which the Seller has applied to his own Ufc ; and if, at the 
 Time of delivering up thePurchafc, the Price of fuch Commodity has fallen, 
 with refpecfl to the Time when the Purchafe was originally made, tiie Vender 
 .{hall alfo make good fuch Difference of Price, and Hiall pay to the Magiitrate 
 a Fine of One Hundred Pu/is of Ccivrics. 
 
 Ira Perfon, having fold any Thing to a Merchant who is gone into'anothcr 
 Country to trade, hath received the due Value for it, and then forcibly dcrains 
 the purcbafed Commodity, in that Cafe, upon the Merchant's preferring-a 
 Complaint of this Nature to the Magiitrate, that Magiftrate fliall caufe the 
 purchafed Commodity to be delivered to the Buyers and alfo whatever the pre- 
 fent Profit falls fliort of that Profit which the Merchant would have gained 
 by felling it in another Kingdom, at the Time of his making the Purchafe, 
 the Magiftrate fhall caufe that Diff'erence alfo to be made good to the Pur- 
 chafer, and fhall likewife take to himfelf, as a Fine, One Hundred Puns of 
 Cowries : This Ordination is according to Beeba-dur 1'u7inagurkar: —Approved. 
 
 If a Perfon hath purchafed any Thing with Agreement to take away the 
 Goods the fame Day, and hath fettled a Day of Payment, and the Vender alfo 
 confents to this, yet does not deliver up the Goods on the Purchafer*s De- 
 mand, upon the Purchafer's preferring a Complaint of this Nature to the Ma- 
 giftrate, that Magiftrate fhall caufe fuch Goods to be delivered to the Pur- 
 chafer, and fhall alfo make the Vender give up whatever Advantage he may 
 have enjoyed, arifing from the Goods fo detained, "xxid fliall fine him moreover 
 
 Ooo One
 
 ( 176 ) 
 
 One Hundred Puns of Coivries^ but the Purchafer (hall be held to pay accord- 
 ing to the Stipulation ; neverthelefs, if, with refped to the Time of the Pur- 
 vhilV, the Price is fince fallen, tlie Vender (hall make it good. 
 
 If a Perfon, having purchafed any undamaged Commodity, afterwards re- 
 turns it back to the Vender, at whatever Price the Purchafc was made, the 
 Vender fhall detain One Tenth of fuch Price, and return the other Nine Parts 
 to the Purchafer, receiving back at the fame Time the purchafed Goods. 
 
 If any Perfon hath fold any Commodity to another, and does not deliver 
 up fuch Commodity to the Purchafer upon his Demand, after which the Com- 
 modity receives any Damage, the Vender ihall make It good. 
 
 If a Perfon hath fold any Commodity to another, and the Purchafer doth 
 not make demand for the Goods purchafed, which Goods are afterwards da- 
 maged by the Vender's Fault, the Vender fhall make good the Lofs; but if 
 the Damage arifes from any Calamity of the Seafon, or from any Innovation 
 of the Magillrate, the Vender fliall not make good the Lofs. 
 
 .;, If aPerfon, producing to another aCommodity without Blemifh, and, havir^g 
 llipulated for a Price according to the Value of fuch Commodity, afterwards 
 gives to the Purchafer damaged Goods, in that Cafe, the Magi ft rate fhall caufe 
 the Vender to give Double of fuch Price to the Purchafer, and himfelf alfo 
 jhall take from the Vender Double of fuch Price as a Fine. 
 
 If a Perfon, confcious of a Blemifh in his Goods, conceals that Blemifh when 
 he fells thofe Goods, in that Cafe, the Magiftrate fliall caufe the Vender to 
 give Double of the Price of the Goods to the Purchafer, and himfelf alfo fhall 
 take from him the fame Sum as a Fine. 
 
 u
 
 «( »77 I 
 
 <i. If Idiots, or Perfons rendered fenfelefs by Intoxication, or Men who can- 
 not diftinguifli between their own Good and Evil, fell any Thing, it is not 
 approved •, if they will take fach Commodity back again, they are autho- 
 rized* • 
 
 In each particular Seafon, every Commodity has its particular Price ; if 
 a Perfon, under the Influence of Fear, fells any Commodity remarkably under 
 Value, with refpeft to the Seafon, it is not approved j and, if he will take ic 
 back again, he is authorized. 
 
 If a Man, having fold a Commodity to one Perfon, afterwards fells ths 
 fame Commodity to another, the Magiltrate fliall caufe him to give Double 
 of fuch Commodity to the Firft Purchafcr, and himfelf alio fhall take the 
 fame Sum as a Fine.. 
 
 If a Perfon hath fold any Thing to another, with Agreement to deliver 
 up the Purchafe on a ftipulated Day, and, upon his tendering the Goods on 
 that Day accordingly, the Purchafer refufes to receive them, the Vender, in^ 
 that Cafe, may difpofe of them elfewhere : In this Cafe, the Vender is not 
 in fault; and, if, on the Second Sale, any Lofs fhould accrue to the Vender^ 
 the Firfl Purchafer fhall make it good. 
 
 If a Perfon, without Agreement of Price, hath delivered to another any 
 Goods, under the Name of Selling, faying, *' I will receive the Value of them,"' 
 and afterwards a Difpute fhould arife concerning the Price, then, whatever* 
 was the current Price of fuch Commodity, at the Time of the Purchale,. 
 according to the Price at that Period, the Arbitrators appointed by the Buyer 
 and Vender Ihall terminate the Difpute, 
 
 SECT,
 
 S E C T. II. 
 
 Of Returning^ or not Returning Articles pur chafed. 
 
 If a Perfon hath bought the Seeds of Paddee, of Wheat, Barley, Maujh, 
 Dolly Gram, Muftard-Seed, or fuch Kinds of Grain, without Infpedlion, and 
 in Ten Days difcovers any Defedl in that Grain, he may return fuch Grain, 
 within that Space of Ten Days-, if Ten Days are pafl, he fhall never after- 
 wards return it; if he infpedcd the Grain at the Time of Purchafe, he then 
 ihall not have Power to return it, even within the Space of Ten Days. 
 
 If a Perfon buys Iron, without Infpeflion, and afterwards difcovers a 
 Defeat in that Iron, he may return it back within the Space of One Day ; if 
 he infpefled it at the Time of Purchafe, he fhall never afterwards return it i 
 and alfo, if One Day is pad, he fhall not afterwards return it, though not 
 infpefbed at the Time of Purchafe. 
 
 If a Perfon hath bought of any One, Pearls, Coral, or Diamonds, or any 
 other Species of Precious Stones, without Infpeftion, and in Seven Days dif- 
 covers any Defe6t in them, he may return them within that Space of Seven 
 Days •, if Seven Days are pafl, he Ihall never afterwards return them ; if he 
 infpedled them at the Time of Purchafe, he fhall not have Power to return 
 ihem, even within the Space of Seven Days. 
 
 If a Perfon hath purchafed a Slave Girl of any One, and within a Month 
 difcovers any Defect in that Girl, he may return her within that Space of 
 One Month ; if One Month be pafl, llie never afterwards Ihall be given 
 back ; and, if the Purchafe was made upon Infpedlion, flie Ihall not be re- 
 turned, evea y;ithin the Space of One Month. 
 
 If
 
 ( >79 ) 
 
 If a Perfon purchafcs of any One, Camels, Bullock?, AHes, or fuch ICiflds 
 of Beads of Burthen, and in Five Days any Dcfe6l fliould be found in them, 
 they may be returned within that Space of Five Days >, if F'l'h: Days are pad, 
 they mufl; never be returned i if they were infpedted at the 'Fime of Purchafe, 
 the Purchafer fhall not have Power to return them, even within Five Days. 
 
 If a Perfon, without Infpedlion, purchafes of any One, Cows, or Cow Buf- 
 faloes in Milk, and any Defeat is found on them in Three Days, they may be 
 returned within that Space of Three Days •, if Three Days are pad, they mull 
 never afterwards be returned-, if the Purchafe was made upon Infpeclion, the 
 Purchafer fliall not have Power to return them, even within Three Days. 
 
 If a Perfon hath bought a Slave of any One, and in Fifteen Days any Defc(5t 
 be found in him, he may be returned within that Space of Fifteen Days -, if 
 Fifteen Days are paft, he can never afterwards be returned; if he was infpecft- 
 ed at the Time of Purchale, he may not be returned, even within Fifteen 
 Days. 
 
 If a Perfon hath bought Grafs, or Fuel- Wood, or Bricks^ or Paddee, orWhcat, 
 or Barley, or any other Grain, or Wine, or Honey, or Gbee^ or Sugar, or Candy, 
 of the Species of Sweet, or Round Pepper, or Long Pepper, of the Species of 
 Bitter, or Hurreh^ or Beheerreh, and other Things, of the Species of Affus^ or 
 Aftringent, or Shaddock^ or Tamarinds, and otherThings, of the Species of Acid, 
 or Salt, or Cloth, or Gold, or Copper, or Tin, or Tutenague, or White Cop- 
 per, or Brafs, and any Defed fhould be found in them the fame Day, they 
 may be returned within the Space of that Day; if that Day be paft, they can 
 never afterwards be returned; if the Purchafe was made on Infpedion, they 
 mult not be returned, even within the fame Day. 
 
 P p p If
 
 ( i8o ) 
 
 If a Man piirchafes old Cloaths, he muft never return them. 
 
 If a Perfon,who is always employed in buying and felling various Sorts of 
 Commodities, and is v^rell fl^illed in that Bufmefs, fhould purchafe any Thing, 
 he Hial] not at any Time have Power to return it upon a Difcovery of a Defeft, 
 
 CHAP.
 
 ( iSr ) 
 
 C H A P. xir. 
 
 Of Boundaries and Limits, 
 
 To afcertain Boundaries, upon the Confines of thofe Boundaries muft be 
 planted the Male and Female 5j«j^« Tree, or the Plafs Tree, or the Seemul 
 (Cotton Tree) or the Said^ or the Toddy Tree, or the Zukkoom Tree, or the 
 /-»//(« Tree, or the J5^;?/^<?(?, or a Mound of Earth muft be made, or any large 
 Tree, that produces not a great Number of Branches, muft be planted •, or 
 by a Pool, a Well, a Bafon, a Ditch, or any fuch Signs above-mentioned, fliall 
 the Boundaries be openly defcribedj or a Temple ftiali be built there to Shaghur- 
 (i. e.) their Deity. 
 
 Dust, or Bones, or Seboos (i.e.) Bran, or Cinders, or Scraps of Earthen Ware, . 
 or the Hairs of a Cow's Tail, or the Seed of the Cotton Plant, all thefe Things 
 above-mentioned, being put into an Earthen Pot, filled to the Brim, a Man 
 muft privately bury upon the Confines of his own Boundary, and there 
 preferve Stones alfo, or Bricks, or Sea Sand, either of thefe Three Things 
 may be buried, by way of Land-Mark of the Limits; for all thefe Things, 
 upon remaining a long Time in the Ground, are not liable to rot, or become 
 putrid-, any other Thing alfo, which will remain a long Time in the Ground, 
 without becoming rotten, or putrid, may be buried for the fame Purpofe : 
 Thofe Perfons, who, by any of thefe Methods, can fnew the Line of their 
 Boundaries, fliall acquaint their Sons with the refpedive Land-Marks of 
 thofe Boundaries •, and in the fane Manner thofe Sons alfo fhall explain the 
 Signs of the Limits to their Children : If all Perfons would adl in t'nis Man- 
 ner, there could be no Difpute conccrn'n2[ Limits and Boundaries. 
 
 Ip*
 
 ( i82 ) 
 
 
 
 If a Suit, for the Limits of Ground, fliould arife, the Magiftrate, having 
 infpccted the open and private Land-Marks absve defcribed, fliall fettle tho 
 Siiiti if any Doubt or Perplexity fhould intervene, the Plaintiff and De- 
 fendant fliall produce to the Magiftrate their refpe^tive Accounts of PoiTcf- 
 fion, under Proof, and the Suit of Boundaries fliall be fettled : If alfo there 
 is no Land-Mark, and they cannot prove their refpedtive Pofleffions, then 
 the Plaintiff fiiall find out fome old Men, well acquainted v/ith the Boundaries, 
 or the Pcrfon who firfl marked out the Spot, and fettle the Difpute by their 
 Means •, but the Difpute of Limits fliall not be fettled by the Teftimony of 
 only One experienced Perfon, it fliall not be determined by lefs than thg 
 Tellimony of Four Pcrfons. 
 
 If both the Plaintiff and the Defendant approve of fome old and expe- 
 rienced Men for giving Teftimony, in regard to the Settlejnent of a Difpute 
 for Boundaries, then the Magiftrate, or Arbitrator, fnall queflion fuch Perfon 
 .as the Plaintiff and the Defendant have approved j and he, putting on a Red 
 Necklace, and Red Cloaths, fhali relate the true Circumflances of the Bound- 
 aries ; if, after the Teftimony of thefe Perlbns, the Suit is ftill undetermined, 
 then the Magiftrate fhall feled, and put the fame Qiieftions, to Four or Ten 
 Perfons of thole who break up Faggot- Wood constantly in thofe Parts, 
 pr who are Hunters, or who, after the Grain is reaped, glean what is on the 
 Ground •, and thefe fhall lay their Heads upon the Ground, making the due 
 Keverences, and putting on Red Necklaces, and Red Cloaths, fhall relate 
 what they know of the Affair, faying, " If we give falfe Witnefs, may our 
 good Aftions all be reverfed." In a Difpute concerning Boundaries, a fingle 
 Perfon fhall not give Teftimony-, but if the Plaintiff and Defendant join in 
 approving a ftngle Perfon, the Magiftrate fhall queftion him; and that Perfon, 
 tafting for One whole Day, and putting on a RedNecklace, and Red Cloaths, 
 
 with
 
 ( i83 ) 
 
 with the due Reverences of laying his Head to the Ground, fhall give his 
 Teftimony, 
 
 The Magiftrate lliall not fettle a Difpute concerning Boundaries by the 
 Teftimony of a Perfon of bad Principles; if the Suit cannot be lealed by 
 Means above-mentioned, then the Magiftrate (hall go in Perfon to the Boun- 
 daries in Difpute, and inquire the Truth of the Affair from the Men in t'le 
 Village, who were born in that Village, and who are well acquainted v/iih the 
 Boundaries ; and thofe alfD who are gone to any other Part of the Country he 
 fhall fummons, and, having upon Inquiries learnt the Truth from them, he 
 fliall fettle the Difpute. 
 
 If the Magiftrate, from Anger orAvarice, or any other bad Principle, gives 
 the Land owned by one Perfon to another, it is not approved. 
 
 In a Place where there is any Difpute concerning the Boundaries of Vil- 
 lages-, the Difpute concerning fuch Boundaries (hall be fettled by applying to 
 thf. Men of Credit and Experience there-, if there is a Difpute concerning 
 Tillage, the Difpute iliall be fettled by applying to the Farmers in the Neigh- 
 bourhood; and if there is a Difpute for the Ground on which a Houfe ftands, 
 the Difpute fhall be fettled by applying to the Perfons dwelling in the Neigh- 
 bourhood of that Houfei if there are none of thefe, nor any Witnefs, nor any 
 Land-Mark of the Boundary, nor anyAccount of the Ufufrudl, in that Cafe, 
 the Magiftrate fliall mark out the Boundaries, according to his own Pleafure, 
 and thePlaintiff'and the Defendant fliall both approve of the Decifion; which- 
 ever of them fliall not approve, the Magiftrate flia-ll fine him. 
 
 In a Place where Two Villages lie on the Two Ba'^.ks of a River, if, from 
 that River, zNuIlah fliould fpring out, which, after making an Elbow into the 
 Land, returns again to the River, and fome Glebe Land fliould remain fixed
 
 ( i84 ) 
 
 in its original Situation, between that Elbow of the Nullah and the main 
 River, in fnch a Cafe, the Glebe Land fhall ftill belong to 'the Village that 
 
 originally poficiled ir. 
 
 In a Place where there is a River, the Two Banks of which are Boundaries 
 to the Eftates of Two Perfons, if that River Ihould break off fome Part of the 
 Bank on one Side, and carry it over to the other, then the Owner of that 
 Boundary, upon which the other broken Bank hath fallen, Ihall become 
 Proprietor of that Bank fo broken, and the Perfon whofe Bank is fo divided 
 fhall no longer have any Property therein : If the River breaks off the whole 
 of a Perfon's Land, and carries it over to the Boundaries of another Perfon, in 
 that Cafe, the Perfon whofe whole Ground is thus torn away Ihall ftill be the 
 Owner thereof, and the Perfon wpon whofe Boundary fuch Land hath fallen 
 Ihall not be entitled to Poffeflion thereof. 
 
 If a Perfon, not being real Owner of any Land, fliould, by any fraudulent 
 Means, get PofiefTion of fome Land, the Magiftrate fhall take from him that 
 Land, or give it to fome other Perfon (he is authorized fo to do) and that 
 Perfon fhall not have Power to caufe any Let or Moleftation. 
 
 If a Perfon hath built a new Houfe upon the wafte Ground, and hath oc- 
 cupied ir, then, if a powerful Man fliould ered a Manfion upon the fame 
 Place, and Ihould join to his own Buildings the Spot of Ground occupied by 
 the other, it is not approved. 
 
 Whatever Pool, or Well, a Perfon hath occupied, from the Commence- 
 ment of building his Houfe, another Perfon cannot afterwards prohibit him 
 
 from ufmg. 
 
 If
 
 ( '8s ) 
 
 '' If a Man hatii had a Window in his own Premifes, another Perfon, having 
 built a Houfe very near to this, and living there with hisFamily, hath no Power 
 to (hut up that Man's Window ; and, if this Second Perfon would make a 
 Window in his own Houfe, on the Side of it that is towards the other Man's 
 Houfe, and that Man, at the Time of his conftruding fuch Window, forbids 
 and impedes him, he fhall not have Power to make a Wind )w ; if, after the 
 Window is finifhed, the other Perfon fhould caufe him any Trouble, the Ma- 
 giftrate fhall take a Fine from that Perfon, without caufing the Window 
 aforeliiid to be fliut up. 
 
 If the Drain of a Man's Houfe hath, for a long Series of Time, pafTed 
 through the Buildings belonging to another Perfon, that Perfon Ihall not give 
 any Impediment ihereto ; but if that Perfon cauftd any Impediment at the 
 firft Commencement of fuch Drain, then the other fliall not have Power to 
 carry his Drain that Way J if that Perfon, at the Commencement of the 
 Drain, gave no Interruption, yet afterwaiQs caufts the oth'.r any Trouble, 
 he fhuU be amenable to the Sircar of tlie Magiftrate. 
 
 If a Man hath made a lofty Building for a Seat, and goes up thither tO' 
 fir, then, if, at the Time of the Commencement of the aforcfaid Building, 
 none of his Neighbours gave lum any Impediment, they fhall not afterwards 
 have Power to moleil him ; if afterwards they impede and caufe him any 
 Trouble, they fhall be amenable to the Magiilrate» 
 
 Any Houfe, which hath a Door in each of the Four Sides, if, at the firft 
 building of the Houfe, no Perfon gave any Impediment to the Conflrudlion 
 of fuch Doors, and yet fhould afterwards attempt to impede, he Ihall not 
 have Power to do it •, if he fhould then give the Owner of the Houfe any- 
 Trouble or Moleftation, he fhall be amenable to the Magiftrate* 
 
 If,
 
 ( ^86 ) 
 
 If, from the Thatch Roof of any Hoiife, the Water falls off into a Place 
 adjoining to that Houfe, but the Property of another Man, then, if 'the Perfon, 
 upon whofe Ground fuch Water falls, gave no Impediment at the Beginning, 
 he fhall not afterwards have Power to impede -, if, after the Completion of 
 the Houfe, he gives the other any Trouble or Moleftation, he fliall be amena- 
 ble to the MagiRrate ; and, if a Perfon makes a Sejjah (or Fenced Terras) 
 upon the Top of his Houfe, another lliall not impede him. 
 
 If there is an old Pafia2;e for Men and Cattle throudi the Grounds of 
 any Perfon, that Perfon has not Power to flop up fuch Road. 
 
 A Person may not make a Neceffary-Houfe adjoining to the Houfe of 
 any Perfon ; nor fliall he fling out Rubbifh and Filth there, nor dig a Ditch. 
 
 A Person fliall not plant the Tree Kooloo, or Cocoa- Nut, from whence 
 bitter Oil is extraded, adjoining to another Man's Houfe ; if he plants them 
 there, he mufl: leave the Breadth of Two Cubits between the Trees and the 
 Houfe. 
 
 A Door through which all People pafs, and a Road upon which all People 
 travel, no One fliall fliut, upon Pretence that it is within his own Boundaries ; 
 nor fliall he make that Path a Place to pifs, or a Recepticle for Filth, or for 
 Sand to fcower the Veflels wherein the Filth is carried j nor fliall he make 
 fuch a Recepticle near to a Houfe -, nor, when he has fwept his Houfe, fliall he 
 throw t he Rubbifli and Aflies into the Path; nor fliall he eafehimfelf there; 
 neither fliall he plant Trees there. 
 
 If a Perfon flouts up the Path where the Magifl:rate, or the Magiftrate's 
 Oificers, pafs and repafs, he fliall be amenable. 
 
 If
 
 ( i87 ) 
 
 If a Perfon, In the Time of no general Calamity, throws Rubbifla and 
 Allies upon the High Road, or makes a Hole there, or eafes himfelf thereon, 
 a fingle Time, or plants Trees there, the Magiftrate fhall take a Fine from 
 him of One Maflieh of Gold^ and caufe him to throw away the Filth with his 
 own Hands. 
 
 If a Perfon, during the Time of a general Calamity, is guilty of the Prac- 
 tices above-mentioned, in the High Road, he fliail not pay a Fine, nor be 
 obliged to throw away the Filth with his own Hands. 
 
 If a Perfon, in the Time of no general Calamity, conftantly throws Rub- 
 bifli. Filch, and other Things above fpecified into the High Road, the Ma- 
 giftrate fliall fine him Two Cahawuns of Cowries^ and oblige him to throw the 
 Filth into fome other Place with his own Hands. 
 
 If, in Times either of Calamity, or of no Calamity, a feeble old Man, or a 
 Child, or a Woman big with Child, fhouid throw any of the Things above- 
 mentioned into the High Road, they fliall neither pay a Fine, nor be obliged 
 to throw away the Filth with their own Hands j but the Magiftrate ftiall cau- 
 tion them to be more careful for the future. 
 
 If a Perfon throws any Filth into a Garden, or near the Steps of a 
 Pool, the Magiftrate ftiall fine him One Hundred Puns of Cowries^ and oblige 
 him to throw away the Filth with his own Hands. 
 
 If a Perfon throws away Filth Into the Places of Zeearut (or religious 
 Walks) or near the Steps of a Pool, a Well, or Bafon of Water, fo that People 
 are prevented from going thither, and cannot ufe the Water of fuch Pool, 
 
 R r r Well
 
 i 1 88 ) 
 
 Well or Bafon, the Magiftrate fliall fine the Offender Two Hundred and Fifty. 
 Pum of Coivries, and oblige him to tiirow away the Filth with his own Hands. 
 
 If between the Boundaries of Two Perfons any Tree fhould grow, the 
 Flowers and Fruit of fuch Trees fhall be indifcriminately ufed by both Parties* 
 
 If Trees be on the Boundaries of one Perfon, and the Branches of thofeTrees 
 extend over the Boundaries of another, then the Perfon, into whofe Premifes 
 fuch Branches extend, is Proprietor of thofe Branches, and may do with them 
 as he pleafes. 
 
 If a Perfon, by caufing violent Apprehenfion in another Perfon, occupies 
 that Perfon's Houfe, or Pool, or Garden, or Tillage, the Magidrate fhall caufe 
 the Polfedion thereof to revert to the Owner, and fliall fine the other Perfon 
 One Hundred Pum of Cowries. 
 
 If a Perfon, having by Miftake afHrmed, that the Houfe, Pool, Well. Garden, 
 or Glebe, or any fuch Things, the Property of another, belonp;ed to himfelf^ 
 hath applied them accordingly to his own Ufe, the Magiflrate fliall fine him 
 Two Hundred P/^j of CcwrieSy and caufe the Pofieflion thereof to revere to the 
 real Proprietor. 
 
 If a Perfon fliould dig up by the Roots a Tree planted for a Land-Mark,, 
 as btfore fpecified, it is a Crime, and the- Magi fl:rate fliall fine him Two Hun- 
 dred Pum of Cowries. 
 
 If a Perfon, by removing a Land-Mark, fraudulently appropriates to him- 
 felf an additional Piece of Land, the Magifl:rate fliall take from him a Fine of 
 Five Hundred and Forty Puns of Cowries, and fli^U give back the Ground txi 
 the Owner. 
 
 If
 
 { i89 ) 
 
 If a Pcrfon entirely breaks th^ dividing Ridge between the Tillage of any 
 Two Perlbns, the Magiftrate fliall fine him One Hundred and Eight Puns of 
 Coivries, 
 
 If a Perfon hath deftroyed much of the Tillage of another Man, and ap- 
 propriated a larger Piece of Ground than what belongs to him, the Magiftrate 
 iliall fine him One Thoufand and Eight Puns of Cowries., and fhall caufe him. 
 to give back the Land to the Owner. 
 
 Ira Perfon, to ferve his own Tillage, deals the Water from another Man's 
 Pool, and waters his Ground therewith, the Magiftrate fhall fine him One 
 Hundred and Eight Puns oi Cowries, 
 
 CHAP,
 
 < »90 ) 
 CHAP. XIIL 
 
 Of Shares in the Cultivation of La^tcls, 
 
 Fallow or Walte Land is of Three Sorts, viz> 
 
 1. Land Wade for Two Years, or One Year, which is called Arde Kheel^ 
 HalfWafte. 
 
 2. Land Wafte for Three Years, or Four Years, which is called Kheel^ or 
 Wafte. 
 
 3. Land Wafte for Five Years, or whatever longer Time it may happen, 
 fuch Land is called Jungle. 
 
 If a Perfon makes over to another, for the Purpofe of Cultivation, Land 
 that has been wafte for One or TwoYeats, and that Perfon, having, by careful 
 Management, improved the Ground, fhould raifc a Crop from thence, in that 
 Cafe, of the whole Crop io railed, One Sixth fhall go to the Owner of the 
 Ground, and the remaining Five Sixths fhall belong to the Cultivator ; if this 
 Perfon above-mentioned, having agreed to talce Land of the other, for the 
 Purpofe of Cultivation, lliould afterwards negledt either to cultivate it him- 
 felf, or to caufe it to be cultivated by others, in that Cafe, whatever Crops 
 other Lands in the fame Place, fimilar ?:o the Lands fpecified, fhall produce 
 upon a Medium, the Cultivator fhall give to the Owner of the Ground the 
 Proportion of One Sixth of fuch Medium Crop, and the Magiftrate alfo fhall 
 take from the Cultivator a Fine of the fame V alue. 
 
 If
 
 ( ^91 ) 
 
 Tp' a Man makes over to another, for the Piirpore of Cultivation, Land that 
 Ras been wade for Three Years, or for Four Years, and that Pcrfon by Ini- 
 provement of the Soil raifes a Crop there, in that Cafe, of the whole of the 
 Crop fo raifed, One Eighth (hall go to the Owner of the Ground, and the re- 
 maining Seven Eighths fhall belong to the Cultivator; if this Perlon above- 
 mentioned, having agreed to take Land of the other, for the Purpofe of Culti- 
 vation, fliould afterwards negleft either to cultivate it himfelf, or to caufe it 
 to be cultivated by others, in that Cafe, whatever Crops other Lands in the 
 feme Place, fimilar to the Lands fpecified, fhall produce upon a Medium, the 
 Cultivator fliall give to the Owner of the Ground the Proportion of One Eighth, 
 of fuch Medium Crop; and the Magiilrate alio fhall take from the Cultivator 
 a Fine of the fame Value., 
 
 If a Man makes over to another, for the Purpofe of Cultivation, Land that, 
 has been wafte for Five Years, or for any longer Period whatever, and that 
 Perfon, by Cultivation,, raifes a Crop there, in that Cafe, of the whole of the 
 Crop fo raifed. One Tenth fhall go to the Owner of the Ground, and the re- 
 maining Nine Tenths fhall belong to the Cultivator; if this Perfon above- 
 mentioned, having agreed to take Land of the other, for the Purpofe of Cul- 
 tivation, fliould afterwards ncgleft either to cultivate it himfelf, or to caufe it 
 to be cultivated by others, in that Cafe, he fnall pay the proportionate Value 
 and Fine,, in the Manner above fpecified. 
 
 If a Perfon, by any Reafon rendered incapable, neglecfls to till his own 
 Ground, and another Perfon, without his exprefs Permiffion, fhould cultivate 
 fuch Land, after it has been wafle One Year, or TwoYears, or Three Years, 
 or Four Years, and raife a Crop from thence, and the Owner of the Ground, 
 being acquainted with the Cultivation, at the Time thereof, did not forbid it,, 
 in that Cafe, if the Owner of the Ground, within the Space of Seven Years, 
 
 S. f £ hadij
 
 ( 192 ) 
 
 'hath not furnllhcd the proportionate Expence of cultivating the Land, he may 
 not reclaim his Land; but the Cultivator fhall be held to give to the Owner 
 of the Land a Proportion of the Crop, after the Manner above fpecified •, if 
 he gives not fuch Proportion, the Owner of the I^and may reclaim his Pro- 
 -perty, even within Seven Years-, aifj, upon having furnifhed no Part of the 
 Expence of Cultivation, afterSevenYears, the Owner of tJieLand may take back, 
 his Ground: In the fame Manner, if Land be cultivated, after lying wafte for 
 pive or more Years, and ths Owner of the Land, within the Space .of Eight 
 Years, hath not furni(hed the proportionate Expence of Cultivation, he may 
 not reclaim his Land, he fliall recover it after the Ninih Year-, if Land that 
 -is not wafte be cultivated, in that Cafe, the Owner may take back his Land, 
 &t his own Pleafuce. 
 
 Upon the Death of any Perfon, if any other (liould cultivate the Land of 
 the Deceafed that has been wafte far One, Two, Thne, or Four Years, and 
 jailed a Crop from thence, in that Cafe, if the Heirs of the Deceafed, within 
 the Space of Seven Years, have not furniftied the Expence of cultivating that 
 wafte Land, they may not take the Ground from that Perfon-, but the Culti- 
 vator fhall give to the Heirs of the above-mentioned Deceafed a Proportion, 
 in the Manner already fpecified; if he hath not given fuch Proportion, the 
 Owner of the Land may recover his Land, within the Space of Seven Years ; 
 ilfo, after the EighthYear, if the Heir above-mentioned hath not furniftied the 
 Expence, he may take his Land: In the fame Manner, ii Land be cultivated, 
 after lying wafte for Five or more Years, and the Heir aforefaid hath not to 
 the EighthYear furnilhed the Expence of cultivating theWafte Land, he fliall 
 not have Power to take his Land from that Perfon, he may reclaim it after 
 .the Ninth Year, at his own Pleafure. 
 
 When a Perfon is abfent upon Travel, if another fhould cultivate his Land, 
 ^after it has lain wafte One, or Two, or Three, or FourYears, and ftiould raifea 
 
 Crop
 
 ( 193 ) 
 
 Crop from thence, In that Cafe, if neither the Pcrfjn aforefaid, nor his Heirs, 
 within the Space of Seven Years, have furniflied the Expence, upon cultiva- 
 ting fuch waile Ground, that Ground may not be taken from the other Per- 
 fon ; but the Cultivator fliall pay to the Perfon aforej'aid, or to his Heir, a 
 Proportion, after the Manner above fpecificd; if he does not give fuch Pro- 
 portion, in that Cafe, the Owner of the Land, or his Heir, within the Space 
 of Seven Years, may take the Land-, alfo, after the Eighth Year, if the 
 Perlon aforefaid, or his Heir, have not furnifhed the Expence, upon cultivating 
 tiieWafbeLand, they may recover the Land: In the fame Maimer, if Land be 
 cultivated, after lying wafte for Five or more Years, in that Cale, if that Per- 
 fon aforefaid, or his Heir, within the Space of Eight Years, hath not fur- 
 nifhed the Expence, upon cultivating fuch Walle Land, they may not reclaim 
 the aforefaid Land, they Ihill recover it after the Ninth Year. 
 
 If a Perfon gives to another, for Cultivation, Land that is not wafte, 
 who, by Cultivation, raifes a Crop from thence, in that Cafe, of the whole 
 of that Crop, One Sixth fhall go to the Owner of the Ground, and he fliall 
 give the remaining Five Sixths to the Cultivator -, if this Perfon above- 
 .mentioned, having agreed to cultivate the Land of fuch other Perfon, fliould 
 afterwards negledl either to cultivate it himfelf, or to caufe it to be cultivated 
 by others, in that Cafe, the Cultivator fhall pay the proportionate Value and 
 Fine, in the Manner above fpeclQed, in the Section of the Cultiyation of Wafle 
 i-.and. 
 
 If a Man gives to any Perfon, for cultivating, Land wafte or not wafte, 
 :he may not take it back from that Perfon, without fome Fault found in him. 
 
 If a Man is defirous to cultivate the Land of any other Perfon, who does 
 not give his Confent for the Cultivation of the fame, and, wit'iout any Dif- 
 courfe having pafTed between them, that Man fhould cultivate the Land, -and 
 
 raiie
 
 ( 194 ) 
 
 raife a Crop from thence, the whole of fuch Crop fhall go to the Owner of 
 the Ground, and the Cultivator fhall receive Nothing. 
 
 If a Man fows Seed upon his own Ground, and by any Chance whatever 
 fome of that Seed Ihould fall upon another Perfon's Ground, and a Crop 
 fhould arile from thence, that Crop fhall go to the Owner of the Ground,, 
 and not to the Owner of the Seed. 
 
 If a Man hath fowed Seed upon his own Land, and any other Perfon^ 
 fhould fpoil that Seed, in that Cafe, the Magiftrate fhall chaftife that Perfonj. 
 •and take a Fine from him, and caufe him to make good to the other the Seedi 
 fo fpoikd 
 
 CHAP.
 
 ( I9S ) 
 
 CHAP. XIV. 
 
 Of Cities and Toivm; and of the Fines for damaging a Crop. 
 
 Wherever Men of the Tribe of Sooder, and Hufbandmcn are verv nume- 
 rous, and where there is much Ground fit for Tillage, luch Place is called 
 Gram., or a Town* 
 
 A Place that hath Eight Cofe in Length and Breadth, and an the Skirts of 
 •which, on all the Four Sides, is a Ditch, and above the Ditch, on all the Four 
 Sides, a Wall or Parapet, and on all the Four Sides of it are Bamboos., and on 
 the Eafl or North Side thereof a hollow or covered Way, fuch Place is called 
 Ni^her, or a City: In the fame Manner, if it hath Four Cofe in Length and 
 Breadth, it is called Kbeet^ or a fmall City ; and if it hath Two Cofe in Length 
 and Breadth, it is called Gherbui^ or a fmall City. 
 
 The Road for pafTing and repafllng lliall be at theChoice of the Inhabitants 
 <if a Town ; but if a Man pofTefs only a fmall Lot of Ground, a fmall Parcel 
 only of his Ground fhall be included in the Road ; and whoever has a large 
 Parcel of Ground, a larger Share of his Ground lliall be included in the Road, 
 
 On each of the Four Sides of a Town, they fliall leave Four Hundred 
 Cubits, and from thence commence their Tillage; and on each of the Four 
 Sides of a City, they fliall leave SixteenHundred Cubits, and from thence com- 
 mence their Tillage-, and on each of the Four Sides of a fmall City, they fliall 
 leave Twelve Hundred Cubits, and from thence commence their Tillage ; 
 and on each of the Four Sides of a fmaller City, they fliall leave Eight 
 Hundred Cubits, and from thence commence their Tillage-, within this 
 'Space above fpecified, no Tillage fliall be made: If a Perfon, having made 
 
 T t t any
 
 { 196 ) 
 
 anyCultivation, negltfls to enclofe it, and the Crop thereof fhould be eaten by 
 the Cows, Buffaloes, apd fuch Kind of Animals, the Owner of thofe Animals, 
 and the Keeper of them, Ihall not be amenable: If any Perfon knowingly 
 leaves his Cattle upon fuch Tillage, and fo caufes them to feed there, theMa^ 
 giftrate (hall puniih fuch a Perfon ia the fame Degree as a Thief. 
 
 If a Perfon cultivates Land adjoining to the Road, without enclofing fuch 
 Land, and the Crop thereof be eaten by Cows, Buffaloes, Horfes, Camels, 
 Goats, Slieep, or any fuch Kind of Animals, the Owner and the Keeper of 
 them fhall not be amenable: If any Perfon knowingly caufes his Cattle to feed 
 upon the Crops, the Magiftrate fhall punifh fuch a Perfon in the fame Degree 
 as a Thief. 
 
 DuRiN'G the Night, if a fingle Cow fliould get into any Perfon's Ground^ 
 and feed there, without Hinderance, in that Cafe, the Magiftrate fhall fine the 
 Owner of the Cow Five Silver Coins-, and if, during the Day, a fingle Cow 
 hath eaten the Crop upon any Perfon's Ground, without Hinderance, the 
 Magiftrate fhall fine the Owner of the Cow Six Silver Coins j alfb, if, either 
 during the Day or the Night, a fingle Cow fhould feed upon the Crop on 
 any Perfon's Ground, without Hinderance, for the Space of Two Ghurries, the 
 Magiftrate fhall fine the Owner of the Cow Two Silver Coins; and if the Cow 
 was under the Care of a Keeper, at the Time of her feeding upon fuch Crop, 
 the Keeper fhall pay the Fine, and pay alfo to the Owner of the Land the 
 Value of whatever Part of t-he Crop fuch Cow hath eaten. 
 
 If a Camel hath eaten of the Crop upon the Ground of any Perfon, the 
 Magiftrate fhall fine the Owner of the Camel Twelve Silver Coins, and give 
 the Value of fuch Crop to the Owner of the Land ; if the Camel was under 
 the Care of a Keeper, at tlie Time of eating the Crop upon a Perfon's 
 
 Ground,
 
 f 197 ) 
 
 Graund, in that Cafe, the Keeper fliall make good the Suit of the Owner of 
 the Ground, and fhali alfo p«y the Fine. 
 
 If a Horfe or Buffalo hath eaten the Crop upon any Perfon*s Ground, the 
 Magiflrate Ihall caufe the Owner of the Land to pay the Crop, and fliall alfo 
 fine him Twenty Silver Coins; if the Horfe or Buffalo was under the Care 
 of a Keeper, at the Time of eating fuch Crop, the Owner of them has no 
 Concern therein, the Keeper fliall be held to make good both the Fine and 
 the Crop. 
 
 If a Qoat or a Sheep hath eaten of the Crop upon any Perlbn's Ground, 
 in that Cafe, the Magiflrate fliall caufe the Owner of the Goat or Sheep to 
 give fuch Crops to the Owner of the Ground, and fliall fine him Four Silver 
 Coins •, if the Goat or Sheep was under Care of a Shepherd, at the Time of 
 eating the Crop, in that Cafe, the Shepherd fliall be held to make good botht 
 the Fine and the Crop, the Owner has no Concern therein. 
 
 Exclusive of thefe Animals, whofe Names have been above-mentioned', 
 if any other Animal whatever hath eaten the Crop upon any Perfon's 
 Ground, in that Cafe, the Magiflrate fliall caufe the Proprietor of the Animal 
 to pay the Crop to the Owner of the Ground, and (hall fine him One P«», 
 Five Gundaes of Cowries -, if that Animal was under the Care of a Keeper, the 
 Keeper fhall be held to make good both the Fine and the Crop, the Owner 
 hath no Concern therein. 
 
 If the Foal of a Mare, or of a Camel, or of a Cow, or of a Buffalo, or 
 of any other Animal, hath eaten the Crop on any Perfon's Ground, i;\ 
 that Cafe, the Magiflrate fliall caufe the Owner of the Foal to make good the 
 Crop to the Owner of the Ground, and fhall fine him Two Silver Coins ; if 
 fuch Foal was under the Care of a Keeper, while it fed upon fuch Crop, the 
 
 Keeper
 
 ( 198 ) 
 
 Keeper fliall be held to make good both the Crop and the Fine, the Owner 
 hath no Concern therein. 
 
 If a Cow, or a Buffalo, or a Horfe, or a Camel, or any other Animal, hath 
 rcaten a great Quantity of the Crop on another Perfon's Ground, and hath ftaid 
 there a long Time, without any Diflurbance, in that Cafe, the Magiflrate 
 fliall caufe the Owner of the Animal to malcegood the Crop to the Owner of 
 the Land, and fhall fine him Double of the Rates of Fines already above fpeci- 
 fiedi if the Animal was under the Care of a Keeper, during the Time of eat- 
 ing fuch Crop, the Keeper fhall be held to make good both the Crop and the 
 Fines, the Owner hath no Concern therein. 
 
 If a Cow, or Buffalo, or any other Animal, hath eaten the Crop upon any 
 Perfon's Ground, and hath flept the whole Day, or the whole Night, upon that 
 Ground, in that Cafe, the Miigiflrate fhall caufe the Owner of the Animal 
 to make good the Crop to the Owner of the Ground, and fhall fine him Qua- 
 druple of the Rates of Fines already above fpecified •, if there was a Keeper, at 
 the Time the Crop Vs/as eaten, that Keeper fhall make good both the Crop and 
 t,he Fine, the Owner hath no Concern therein. 
 
 If a Perfon caufes any Animal belonging to himfelf to eat, in his own 
 Sight, the Crop upon another Man's Ground, in that Cafe, the Magiflrate fhall 
 caufe him to make good the Crop to the Owner of the Ground, and fhall 
 punifh hicn in the fame Manner as a Thief. 
 
 If a Cow, or BL>fFalo, or a Horfe, or a Camel, or any other Animal, bfing 
 iinder the Care of a Keeper, hath eaten the Crop upon the Ground of any Pcr- 
 Jbn, in fuch a Mannrr that there is not any Crop upon that Ground, in that 
 Cafe, the Mag! llrate {!-> all fine the Keeper to the utmoft of his Worth-, if the 
 ^tepcr is unable to pay a Fine, in that Cafe, the Mi^giflrate fliall take a Fine 
 
 {ram
 
 ( '99 ) 
 
 from the Owner, and fliall chaftife the Keeper, and fliall caufe the Crop to be 
 made good to the Owner of the Ground. 
 
 If a Horfe, or a Camel, or a Buffalo, or any other Animal belonging to any 
 Perfon, hath eaten the Crop upon another Man's Ground, and this Man makes 
 a Demand for his Crop, in that Cafe, that Perfon fliall make good fuch Crop, 
 .and fliall alfo give whatever Qiiantity of Grafs may arife upon that Crop. 
 
 If a Cow hath eaten the Crop on any Man's Ground, it is not right for that 
 Man to take an Equivalent of fuch Crop from the Owner of the Cow; if he 
 takes the Equivalent, he is entitled to it, but it is nevcrihclefs a Crime in 
 him. 
 
 During the Time that a Keeper is tending Kine, Buffaloes, or fuchK'nd of 
 Animals, if at fuch Time he attends the Summons of the Magifirate, or is 
 ftricken by Lightning, or bitten by a Serpent, or falls down from a Tree, or 
 is carried off by a Tiger, or becomes fick, during thefe, or any fuch Kind of 
 Accidents, if the Kine, Buffaloes, or any other Animals, eat the Crop on any 
 Perfon's Ground, in that Cafe, the Keeper fliall not be amenable; alfo, if, 
 while the Owner himfelf was tending his Kine, Buffaloes, or other Animals, 
 any fuch Accidents fliould happen to him, and the Animals aforefaid fliould 
 cat the Crop on any Perfon's Ground, the Owner of the Animals fhall not be 
 amenable. 
 
 A Bull, to whom Cows are driven for leaping, in Expeftation of their pro- 
 ducing Calves, fuch Bull is called BeejeJJmkta; if luch Bu 1 eats the Crops 
 ijpon any Perfon's Ground^ the Owner or Keeper of the Bull fliall not be 
 amenable. 
 
 U u u A Bull,
 
 ( 2 00 ) 
 
 A Bull, upon whole Rump, at the Time of the Seradeh^ or Feflival of an)it 
 Pel !bn, they make a Scar, and let him loofe, fuch Bull goes wherever he choofesj 
 no Perlbn performs the Office of Keeper to fuch Bull; the Name of fuch Etull 
 is Bereefochsrg: If this Bull eats the Crop upon the Ground of any Perfoni, 
 the Owner of the Bull fliall not be amenable. 
 
 If a Cow belonging to one Town hath been loft, or hath ftrayed to any otHec 
 Town, and there eats the Crop upon the Ground of any Perfon, in that Cafe, 
 the Owner and Keeper of the Cow fliall not be amenable. 
 
 Ira Cow, having brought forth a Calf, before the Elapfe of Ten Days from 
 the Time of her calving, fliould eat of the Crop upon the Ground of any 
 Peifon, in that Cafe, the Owner and Keeper of the Cow fballnot be 
 amenable. 
 
 When a Cow, from her own Impulfe and Inclination, is accompanying a 
 Bull to be leaped by him, if, at fuch Time, the Cow aforefaid fhould eat of 
 the Crop upon the Ground of any Perfon, in that Cafe, the Owner and Keeper 
 of the Cow fhall not be amenable. 
 
 If a Cow, or a Horfe, or a Buffalo, or a Camel, or any other Animal, being 
 blind or lame, fhould eat the Crop upon any Perfon's Ground, the Owner 
 and'Keeper of fuch Animals fhall not be amenable. 
 
 If the Magiftrate's Elephant, or the Magiftrate's Horfe, fhould eat the Crop 
 npon the Ground of any Perfon, the Owner and the Keeper thereof fhall not 
 be amenable. 
 
 If-
 
 ( 
 
 aoi 
 
 ) 
 
 If a Weafel, or a Moufc-, or a Rat, or any fuch Kind of fmall Anima], or a. 
 Mule, fliould eat of the Crop upon the Ground of any Perlbfi, the Owner and 
 Keeper of thefe Animals fliall not be amenable. 
 
 If a Cow without a Keeper, being frightened at feeing an Army, or by a 
 Thunder Storm, or any other Accident, fhould run away, and eat the Crop 
 upon the Ground of any Perfon, the Owner of that Cow fhall not be amenable. 
 
 If a Man hath laid up Hay in a Garden, or any other Place, to feed his own 
 Cattle, and another Perfon*s Cow, or Buffalo, or any other Animal, fliould eat 
 that Hay, or fliould eat the Crop upon any Man's Ground, or fliould go into 
 any Man's Houfe, or Garden, or tilled Land, upon fuch Fault, that Perfon 
 has Power to catch and bind the aforefaid Animals, and may alfo flightly beat 
 them; if, without fuch Fault, any Perfon fliould catch and bind the aforefaid 
 Animals, or beat. them,, the Magiflirate, in that Cafe, fliall hold him amenable*. 
 
 CHAP.
 
 ( 202 ) 
 
 CHAP. XV. 
 
 Of Scandalous and Bitter Exprejfions^ {x.^.fuch Exprefftons 
 
 as it is a Crime to utter.) 
 
 If a Man falftly accufes another, ic is called Puk-Parijh. 
 
 Sed. I. Of the Denominations of the Crime. 
 Sed. II. Of the Punifliment for the Pak-Parijh. 
 
 SECT. I. 
 
 Of the Denominations of the Crime^ conf fling of Three 
 
 Difiin&ions, 
 
 I. "When a Man utters fuch ExprefTions, as that, from thofe ExprtfTions, 
 any Perfon becomes fufpedted of the Jtee Patuk^ or the Maha Patuk, or the 
 Aitoo Patuk. 
 
 Atee Patitk is, when a Man commits Inceft with his own Mother, or with 
 :his own Daughter, or with his Son^s Wife. 
 
 l^^iha Patuk is, when a Man murders a Branmi, or when, being a Bramin^ 
 he drinks Wine; or when any Perlon fteals Eighty AJhrnfies from a Bramin •, or 
 when a Man commits Adultery with any of his Father's Wives, jexckifive of 
 
 his
 
 ( 203 ) 
 
 his own Mother, or with the Wife of a Brawin-, when a Man hath committetl 
 any One of thefe Crimes, fuch Crime \s coMcd M)ka PfJuk : Whoever con- 
 tinues intimate with fuch a Perfon, for the Space of One Year, his Crime alfo 
 is AUlpa Paitik. 
 
 The Modes of Intimacy are as follows, z-iz. 
 
 If a Perfon hath difcourfed with fuch Kind of Offenders, or hath contami- 
 nated himfelf by touching them, or hath fat in the fame Place to eat with 
 them, or fits upon the fame Carpet with them, and fleeps there, or rides 
 together with them in the fame Carriage and Conveyance-, if fuch Intimacy- 
 continues for the Space of One Year, it is Mahci Patuk. 
 
 If a Perfon eats at the fame Table with a Man guilty of Maha Putuk, or, 
 by drefling Victuals for a Man guilty of Maha Patuk^ gives him to eat, or 
 teaches any Science to a Man guilty of Maha Patuk, in fuch Cafes, an Inti- 
 macy of a fingle Day is Mahci Patuk, 
 
 Anoo Patuk is, when a Sooder, afTuming the Braminical Thread, calls hlmfclf 
 a Bramin\ or when a Man falfely accufes a faultlefs Magillrate; or when a Man, 
 by falfe Reports, makes his Father infamous; or when a Man reads any un- 
 orthodox Sbajier, and forgets the Beids of the Shajler ; or when a Man utters 
 any Abufeagainfl xht Beids-, or when a Man murders his Friend, or gives falfc 
 Teflimony, or eats the Vidluals of the Waiherman's Cafl, or of the Shoe-Em- 
 broiderers Cad, or of any other bafe Call; or when a Man fpoils another Per- 
 fon's Goods committed to his Truft; or when a Man deals a Man, or a Florfe, 
 or Money, or Land, or Diamonds, or any other Jewels; or when a Man com- 
 mits Adultery with his Paternal Uncle's Wife, or with his Grandfatlier's 
 Wife, or with his Wife's Mother, or with the Magidrare's Wife, or with his 
 Father's Sifter, or with his Mother's Sifter, or with tlie V/ife of a Btwmn who 
 
 X X X hatk
 
 { 204 ) 
 
 hath read the Beids^ or with his Tutor's Wife, or with his Friend's Wife, or 
 with the. Wife of a Pcrfon defcended from the fame Grandfather with 
 himfelf, or with the Wife of a Man of a fuperior Caft, or with the Wife of 
 a Man of a bafe Call, or with a Bramiii's unmarried Daughter, or with any 
 Woman during her Catamenia^ or with a Woman employed in the Worfhip 
 of Providence i every One of thefe Cvim^s \% Anoo Patuk. 
 
 2. When a Man falfely accufes another, in fuch a Manner that he becomes 
 fufpefted of the Opoo Patuk, 
 
 OpDo Patuk is, when a Man hath flain a Cow ; or when a Man fells himfelf, 
 or commits Adultery with another Man's Wife, or forfakes his Father, or his 
 Mother, or his Spiritual Guide, or his Son, without any Fault on their Side; 
 or when a Man, having commenced 2ijugg for his whole Life, relinqulfhes that 
 Jugg; or when any Bramin fludies not the Beidsi, or when a Man marries while 
 his Elder Brother remains unmarried; or when a Man marries his Daughter to 
 fuchaPerfon; or when a Man gives the Younger Sifter in Marriage while 
 the Elder Sifter remains unmarried; or when a Man thrufts his Finger into the 
 Pudendum of an unmarried Virgin ; or when a Man, not being of the Bice Caft, 
 engages in Trade while no Calamity obtains ; or when a Bramin, or Chehteree, 
 having commenced any religious A6t, neglects to complete it; or when a Man 
 fells his Wife, or his Son, or his Daughter, without their Confent; or when a 
 Bramin, a Chehterce, or a Bice, negleiSls to aftlime the Gentoo Tliread at the pro- 
 per Period; or when a Man refufes to eat and drink with Men defcended 
 from the fame Grandfather with himfelf, whofe Chara6lers are unimpeached; 
 or when a Man accepts any Money to inftru6l another in a Science; or when 
 a Man learns any Science of fuch a Perfon; or if a Bramin, a fingle Time, fells 
 Wax or Salt, or the Seed of the Kunjud (from whence Oil is made;) or if a 
 i?r^;»/;7, as aforefaid, is twice guilty of felling Milk; or, in the Place where 
 Salt is boiled, ifai5r<?;«/>7, as aforefaid, becomes Proprietor of fuch Place; or 
 
 when
 
 ( 205 ) 
 
 When any Pcrfon fpoils the Plantain Tree, or any fuch Kind of Tree, whicfi 
 dies after the Fruit has once ripened on itj or when a Man takes to himfclf 
 a Livelihood from the Money earned by a Woman; or when a Man perform^? 
 the 7«^^ to procure the Death of any Perfon j or when a Man caufes any 
 Perfon to take a Philter, that he may procure an unwarrantable Power over 
 fuch Perfon i or when a Man cuts a great Number of live Trees for the 
 PUrpofe of drefling his Vidtualsj or when a Man drefTes Vidluals for himfclf 
 alone; or when a Man eats his Viftuals at the Hands of an Aftrologer, or 
 from a Man of the Cafl of Deiool, or from a Thief; or when a Man will not 
 pay his Debts; or if a Bramin negleds to perform the Juggtvtxy Day; or when 
 a Man fteals Paddee^ orWheat, or Gram^ or Doll, or any fuch Kinds of Grain, or 
 Iron, or Silver, orBrafs, orCopper,orany fuch Kind of Metals, except Gold; or 
 when a Man lludies fuch Kind of Shajler as is not orthodox with refpedl 
 to Providence; or when he conftantly gives up his Time to Dancing, Sing- 
 ing, and Playing upon Mufical Inftruments; or when a Man commies Adul- 
 tery with a drunken Woman; or when a Man deprives of Life a Woman, 
 or a Man of the Bice^ or Chehteree^ or Soodsr Cafl; or when a Man has no Regard 
 for his latter End, and for religious A6ts; all thefe Crimes are OpoQ Patuk, 
 
 3. When a Man utters fuch ExprefTions, in Behalf of another, as that he 
 becomes fufpedled of Jatee Bherun Kujhker, or of Sbunkeree Kurrun^ or oi Abater ee 
 Kurrutti or of Melabhooy or of Perkernnkka.. 
 
 Jatee Bherim Kujljker is, when a Man does any Injury to a Bramin-^ or when a 
 Man fmells at Wine, or Garlick, or Onions; or when a Man hath not a pure 
 Heart towards his Friend; or when a Man ftrikes any Perfon on the Buttock. 
 
 Sbunkeree Kurrun is, when a Man flays an Elephant, or a Florfe, or a Camel^or 
 an Afs, or a Stag, or a Sheep, or a Goat, or a Buffalo, or a Snake, or a Fifh. 
 
 Apaieref
 
 ( 206 .) 
 
 'jfpateree KurruH is, when a Man receives any Goods from a Perfon of bad 
 Charader; or when any Man, except a Bice, engages in Trade-, or when any 
 Man becomes the Servant of a Sooder, and when a Man tells Lies. 
 
 MelMoois, when a Man deprives an Ant of Life, or kills a Bird ; or when a 
 Man fteals Fruit, or Faggots, or Flowers-, or when a Man is not pofTefled of 
 Patience; or when any Perfon is drinking Wine, if another Perfon, during that 
 Time, at the fame Feaft, eats Fruits, or any other Vicfluals. 
 
 Perkernukka is, any Crime exclufive of the AteePattik^ and other Eight Sorts 
 of Crimes, which have been above fpecified. — Of thelc Three Diftindlions of 
 the Pak-Parijh, which have been explained, under Nine Subdivifions of 
 Crimes, the feveral Punilhments fhall be defcribed refpedbively. 
 
 SECT. II. 
 
 Of the PuniJIjment for the Pak-Pari/h^ or Scandalous and 
 
 Bitter Kxprejfw72s. 
 
 If a Man, who is of an equal Cad, and of equal Abilities with another, 
 makes him become falfcly fufpefted of the Crime oi Jtee Patuk, the Magiftrate 
 fhall fine him One Thoufand Puns o^ Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft to another, and alfo of inferior Abilities, 
 falfely makes him fufpe<5ted of the Crime of Atee Pkuk, the Magiftrate fiiall 
 fine him Two Thoufand Puns oi Cowries, 
 
 If
 
 { 207 ) 
 
 If a Man of fuperlor Cad, and of fuperlor Abilities to another, falfcly 
 caufes him to be fufpeded of the Crime of Atee Patuk^ the Magiftrate fhall 
 fine him Five Hundred 'Puns of Cowries, 
 
 Whoever faUely accufcs a Woman of the Crime of A/ee Patuk^ the Magi- 
 ilrate Ihall fine him Two Thoufand Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft, and of equal Abilities with another,fairely accufej 
 him, fiiying» "You have committed the Cv'imt of Maha Patuk^'* the Magiftrate 
 fliall fine him Five Hundred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of inferior Cail:, and of inferior Abilities to another, caufes him to 
 be faifely fufpeded of the Crime of Maha Patuk^ the Magiftrate lliall fine him 
 One Thoufand Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of a fuperior Cail, and of fuperior Abilities to another, makes a 
 falfe Accufation of the Crime of Maba Patuk againft him, the Magiftrate ftiall 
 fine him Two Hundred and Fifty Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man faifely makes Accufations of the Crime of Maha Patuk againft a 
 Woman, the Magiftrate fliall fine him One Thoufand Puns of C^wiics. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft,and of equal Abilities with another, faifely accufes 
 him, faying, " You have committed One of the Crimes of .'f/';*?^' P^;//^/^," the 
 Magiftrate fliall fine him One Hundred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 &' 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft,and of inferior Abilities to another,falfely accufes 
 
 him of the Cumt of Anoo PHtuJk, the Magiftrate fnall fine him Two Hundred 
 
 Puns of Cowries. 
 
 Y y y If
 
 ( 2o8 ) 
 
 If a Man of a fuperlor Caft, and of fuperior Abilities to another, falfJy 
 accufes him of the Crime of Anoo Patuk, the Magiftrate fliall fine him Fifty 
 Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man falfely atcufes a Woman of the Crime of Ajioo Patuk, the Magi- 
 ftrate fhall fine him Two Himdred Puns oi Cowries. 
 
 Ira Sooder falfely accufes a Bramin, or a Chehteree^ or a Bice^ of either of the 
 Crimes of Jtee Pdtuk, or Maha Patuk^ or Anoo Patuk, the Magiftrate fhall cut 
 out his Tongue, and thruft a hot Iron of Ten Fingers breadth into his 
 Mouth. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Cafl, and of equal Abilities with another, falfely ac- 
 cufes him of any of the lefTer Crimes of the Opoo Patuk^ the Magiflrate fliall 
 fine him Fifty Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Cafl, and of inferior Abilities to another, falfely 
 accufes him of any of the lefTer Crimes of the Opoo Patuk^tht Magiflrate fhall 
 fine him One Flundred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of a fuperior Cafl, and of fuperior Abilities to another, falfely 
 accufes him of any of the lefTer Crimes of the Opoo Pdtuk, the Magiflrate fhall 
 fine him Twenty-fiveP^^;/j of Ctwries. 
 
 If a Man falfely accufes a Woman of any One of the lefTer Crimes of the 
 Opoo Pdlukj the Magiflrate fliall fine him One Hundred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If
 
 ( 209 ) 
 
 Iv a Man of an equal Cafl", and of equal Abilities with another, falfcly 
 accufes liim of any One of the nK-diumCrimes of the Opos Patuk^ih^ Magiftrate 
 fhall fine him Two Hundred and Fifty Puns of Coivries. 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Cafl, and of inferior Abilities to another, falfcly 
 accufes him of any One of the medium Crimes of the Opi'^P^////^, the Magillrate 
 fliall fine him Five Hundred Puns of Coiiries. 
 
 If a Man of a fuperior Cafl, and of fuperlor Abilities to another, falfely 
 accufes him of any One of the mediumCrimes of the Opco Palt(k,ihe Magiftrate 
 fhall fine him One Hundred and Twenty-five Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man falfcly accufes a Woman of any One of the medium Crimes of 
 the Opco Faluk, the Magitlrate Iliali fine liim Five Hundred Pu!js of Coivries. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Cafb, and of equal Abilities with another, falfely 
 accufes him of any of the greater Crimes of the Opoo Patuk, the Magiflrate 
 fhall fine him Five Hundred PunS ofCoivries. 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Call, and of inferior Abilities to another, falfely 
 accufes him of any One of the greater Crimes of the Opco Piituk, the Ma^i* 
 flrate fliall fine him One Thoufand Puns of Cozvries. 
 
 If a Man of a fuperior Cafl, and of fuperior Abilities to another, falfely 
 accufes him of any One of the greater Crimes of the Opoo Paluk, the Magi- 
 flrate fiiall fine him Two Hundred and Fifty Puns of Cowries,. 
 
 Is
 
 ( 2IO ) 
 
 If a Man falfdy accufes a Woman of any One of the greater Crimes of the 
 Opoo Patuk, the Magiftrate fliall fine him One 'Jlioufand Puns of Ccwries. 
 
 If a Man of an equal CaO:, and of equal Abilities with another, falfely ac- 
 cufes him of any One of the IcfTcr Crimes of the jalee Bherun KtijJjker^ or of the 
 Shunkeree Kurrmj^ or of the Apaterei Kurrun, or of the Mdlhhoo^ or of the 
 Ferkernukkdj the Magiflrate fhali line him Twer/iv-fivc Ptms of Cczvries. 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft, and of inferior Abilities to another, falfely ac- 
 cufes him of any One of the leillr Crimes of ihc/alee Bherun Ku/kker^ or of the 
 Shunkeree Kurrim, or of {hQJoatcrce Kurn:n, or of the M-Dbhoo^ or of the Perker^ 
 Jiukka^ the fvluiiillrate fa^li fine him Fifty Puns of Cczvries. 
 
 If a Man of a fuperlor Cafl", and of fuperior Abilities to another, falfely ac- 
 cufes him of ail) One of the kfl'vrr Crimes of lIic Jillee Bherun Kti/hker, or of the 
 Shunkeree Kurrun, or of the Jpateree Kurrun^ or of the Melahhoo^ or of the 
 Perkernukkci^ the Magiflrate fhall fine him One Hundred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man falfely accufes a Woman of any One of the leffer Crimes of the 
 Jatee Bherun Kufhker^ or of the Shunkeree Kurrun^ or of tht Apateree Kurrun, or of 
 the MeVahhco^ or of the Perkernukh\ the Magiftrate llull fine him Fifty puns 
 :of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Cafb, and of equal Abilities v/ith another, falfely ac- 
 cufes him of any One of the medium Crimes of the J alee Bherun Kujhker^ or of 
 thQ Shunkeree Kmrun, or of i\ie. Apateree Kurrun^ or of iht Alelubhoc, or of t!ie 
 Perkernukka., the Magiftrate fhall fine him OneFIundred and Twenty-five PiY/7J 
 
 rof Cowries. 
 
 If
 
 211 ) 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft, and of inferiorAbilities to another, falfely ac- 
 cufes him of any One of the medium Crimes of the Jalee Bherun Kujhker, or of 
 the Shunkeree Kurrun, or of the Apateree Kurrun, or of the Melabhoo^ or of the 
 Perkernukkciy theMagiftrate (hall fine himTwo Hundred and Fifty P«;w of Cc':e;rr>j. 
 
 If a Man of a fuperior Caft, and of fuperlor Abilities to another, falfely ac- 
 cufcs him of any One of the medium Crimes of the Jatee Bherun KujlAer^ or of 
 the Shunkeree Kurrun, or of the Afateree Kurrun^ or of the Mdahhoo^ or of the 
 Perkernukka, the Magiftrate ihall fine him Sixty-two Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man accufes a Woman of any of the medium Crimes cf the JaUe 
 Bherun Kujbker, or of the Shunkeree Kurrun^ or of the Apateree Kurrun, or of the 
 Melahhoo^ or of the Perkernukka^ the Magiftrate fliall fine him Two Hundred 
 and Fifty Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of equal Caft, and of equal Abilities with another, falfely accufes 
 him of any One of the greater Crimes of the Jatee Bherun KuJJjker^ or of the 
 Shunkeree Kurrun, or of the Apateree Kurrun , or of the Melabhoo, or of the Per- 
 kernukka, the Magiftrate ftiall fine him Two Hundred and Fifty Puns of Cciy- 
 ries» 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft, and of inferiorAbilities to another, falfely ac- 
 cufes him of any One of the greater Crimes of the Jatee Bherun Kujhker^ or of 
 tlie Shunkeree Kurrun, or of the Apateree Kurrun, or of the Melahhoo, or of the 
 Perkernukka, the Magiftrate ftiall fine him Five Hundred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of a fuperior Caft, and of fuperiorAbilities to another, falfely ac- 
 cufes him of any One of the greater Crimes of the Jatee Bherun KuJJjker, or of 
 the Shunkeree Kurrun^ or of the Apateree Kurrun, or of the Melabhoo, or of the 
 
 Z z z Perkernukka,
 
 ( 212 ) 
 
 Perkenndka, the Magiftrate ihall fine him One Hundred and Twenty-five Puns 
 
 of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man fallely accufes a Woman of any One of the greater Crimes of the, 
 Juiee Bherun KuJJjker^ or of the Shunkeree Kurruny or of the Apateree Kunun, or 
 of the Melabhooy or of the Perkernukka, the Magiftrate ihall fine him Five 
 Hundred Puns of Cowries, 
 
 If a Man be deficient in a Hand, or a Foot, or an Ear, or an Eye, or 3 
 Nofe, or any other Member, and a Perfon of an equal Caft, and of equal Abi- 
 lities with him, (hould fay to him, in a reproachful Mannner, " You are defi- 
 cient in a Hand, or a Foot, or an Ear, or an Eye, or a Nofe, or any other 
 Member," or Ihould fay to him, " Such Limb of yours is very beautiful," the 
 Magiftrate fhall fine him Twelve Puns of Cozvries. 
 
 If a Man be deficient in a Hand, or a Foot, or an Ear, or an Eye, or a Nofe, 
 or any other Member, and a Perfon of an inferior Cafl", and of inferiorAbilities 
 to him, Ihould thus fay to him, in a reproachful Manner, " You are deficient 
 in a Hand, or a Foot, or an Ear, or an Eye, or a Nofe, or any other Mem- 
 ber,'* or fhould thus fay, " This Limb of yours is very beautiful," in that 
 Cafe, the Magiftrate fhall fine him Twenty-four Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man be deficient in a Fland, or a Foot, or an Ear, or an Eye, or a 
 Nofe, or any other Member, and a Perfon of a fuperior Caft, and of fuperior 
 Abilities to him, fhould thus, in a reproachful Manner, fay to him, " You are 
 deficient in a Hand, or a Foot, or an Ear, or an Eye, or a Nofe, or any other 
 Member," or fliould thus fay, " This Limb of yours is very beautiful," in 
 that Cafe, the Magiftrate ftiall fine him Six Puns of Cowries, 
 
 If
 
 ( 213 ). I 
 
 If a Woman be deficient In a Hand, or a Foot, or an Ear, or an Eye, or g, 
 Nofe, or any other Member, and a Man fliould reproachfully hy to her, " Yoit 
 are deficient in fuch Limbs," or, " Such Limb of yours is very beautiful,'* 
 in that Cafe, the Magiftrate fhall fine him Twenty-four Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft, and of equal Abilities with any Perfon, who is 
 well fl<:illed in any ProfefTion, fhould fay to him, by way of fetting off his own 
 Excellence, " You have no Skill whatever," the Magiftrate, in that Cafe, 
 Ihall fine him Two Hundred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an Inferior Caft, and Inferior Abilities to any Perfon, well 
 flvilled In any Profeflion, fhould fay to him, by way of fetting off his own Ex- 
 cellence, " You have, in fadl, no Skill whatever," in that Cafe, the Magiftrate 
 Ihall fine him Four Hundred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of a fuperlor Caft, and fuperiorAbilities to anyPerfon,well fkilled 
 in any ProfefTion, fhould fay to him, by way of fetting off his own Excellence, 
 *' You have no Skill whatever," in that Cafe, the Magiftrate Ihall fine him 
 One Flundred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man fpeaks reproachfully of any Country, as, " That Country is moft 
 particularly bad," the Magiftrate fhall fine him Two Hundred Puns of Cowries, 
 
 If a Man lliould fay of a Bramin, that, " This Man is no Br^.min" or of a 
 Ckehteree, that, " This Man is no Chehtcree^'' or in fuch Manner fhould fpeak 
 reproachfully of any Caft, in that Cafe, the Magiftrate fhall fine him Two Hun- 
 dred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 Ij
 
 ( 214 ) 
 
 If a Man fhould fay of a religious Perfon, that, " This Is not a religious 
 Perfon," the Magiftrate fliall fine him Two Hundred Puns of Cowries^ 
 
 If a Man fpeaks reproachfully of any upright Magiftrate, the Magiftrate 
 fhall cut out hisTongue, or, having confifcated all his Effeds, ftiall banifti him 
 the Kingdom. 
 
 If a Magiftrate for his own Good hath pafled any Refolutions, whoever re- 
 fufes to fummit to fuch Refolutions, the Magiftrate ftiall cut out that Perfon's 
 Tongue. 
 
 If a Magiftrate, or a Bramin^ be convi6led of any Crime, they ftiall not be 
 put to Death; nor ftiall their Hand, or Foot, or any other Limb be cut off". 
 
 If a Man is a Robber, or is fecluded from his own Caft, it is not right to 
 call him a Robber, or an Outcaft; if any Perfon ftiould call him a Robber, 
 or an Outcaft, the Magiftrate ftiall fine him in Half the Muld of a Robber, 
 or an Outcaft. 
 
 If a Man is in Company with a Robber, or is defirous to eat and drink with 
 an Outcaft, and another Perfon ftiould forbid fo to do, that Perfon ftiall not 
 be amenable. 
 
 If a Man fpeaks reproachfully of his Mother, or of his Father, or of his 
 Spiritual Director, or of his Elder Brother, or of a Woman of good Charafter, 
 or of his Son, the Pvlagiftrate ftiall fine him One Hundred Puns o{ Cowries. 
 
 If a Man fpeaks reproachfully of his Wife's Father or Mother, the Magi- 
 flrate ftiall fine him Fifty Puns of Cowries, 
 
 If
 
 ( 2'J ) 
 
 Tf Two Perfons nuitiially abufe each other, or mutually utter falfe Accu- 
 fations againft each other, the Magiflrate fhall take an equal Fine from both 
 Parties. 
 
 Is any Affair wherein a Fine has not been fpecified, the Magiftrate never- 
 thclcfs Ihall take a FijK from the Party, upon Intelligence of the Affair. 
 
 In any Afiair where the Caft and Science of the Party are mentioned, a 
 Fine fliall be taken, according to the Amount at which that particular Cafl 
 and Science are rated. 
 
 If a Perfon, from Intoxication, or Idiotifm, IliouUi fpeak reproachfully of 
 any One, the Magiftrate lliall not hold him amenable. 
 
 If a Man fhould have fpoken reproachfully of another, or fhould have 
 abufed him, and afterwards fays, " I fpoke it inconfiderately, or in Jed, and I 
 will not utter fuch Exprefllons in future," the Magiftrate fliall take from him 
 Half the Fine that has been fpecified for fuch Fauli:, 
 
 If any Man ihould fay, that, " The Magiftrate will die at fuch a particular 
 Time," the Magiftrate fhall fine that Perfon Eight Hundred Funj of Cowries, 
 
 If a Man of inferior Caft, proudly affeding an Equality with a Perfon of 
 fuperior Caft, fhould fpeak at the fame Time with him, the Magiftrate, in that 
 Cafe, fliall fine him to the Extent of his Abilities. 
 
 4A CHAP,
 
 ( ^i6 ) 
 
 CHAP. XVI. 
 
 Of AJfauk. 
 
 Sed. I. Of Aflault, and of Preparation to Aflauk, 
 Sefl. II. Of Cafes where no Fine is taken. 
 Se6t. III. Of the Fines for the Death of Animals. 
 
 SECT. I. 
 
 Of AJJault^ and of Preparation to AJfault, 
 
 If a Man aflaults, or prepares to aflault, another Perfon, with his Hand, or 
 Foot, or with a Club, or with Sand, or with a Weapon, or with a Stone, or with 
 any other Article, it is called Dmnr Parijh^ and hath Three Diftinftions, viz, 
 
 1. Abkoorun. 
 
 2. Neejhungpai. 
 
 3. Keheet Derjhen. 
 
 Abkoorun is, when a Man is prepared to Afl'ault : Neejhungpat is, when a Man 
 beats another unmercifully, yet fo as to flied no Blood from his Body : Keheet 
 Derjhen is, when a Man chaftifes another in fuch a Manner as to fhed Blood. 
 
 If
 
 ( 217 ) 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft, and of equal Abilities with another, is prepared 
 to throw upon his Body, Dud, or Sand, or Clay, or Cow Dung, or any Thing 
 elfe of the fame Kind, or is prepared to ftrike him with his Hand or Foot, the 
 Magiftrate fhall fine him One Majheh of Silver. 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Call, and of inferior Abilities to another, is prepared 
 to throw upon his Body, Duft, or Sand, or Clay, or Cow Dung, or any Thing 
 elfe of the lame Kind, or is prepared to ftrike him with his Hand or Foot, the 
 Magiftrate ftiall fine him Three Majhehs of Silver, 
 
 If a Man of a fuperior Caft, and of fuperior Abilities to another, is prepared. 
 to throw upon his Body, Duft, or Sand, or Clay, or Cow Dung, or any Thing 
 elfe of that Kind, oris prepared to ftrike him with his Hand or Foot, the 
 Magiftrate ftiall fine him Half a Mafheh of Silver, 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft and of fuperior Abilities to another, or of a fu* 
 perior Caft and inferior Abilities to him, is prepared to throw upon his Body, 
 Duft, or Sand, or Clay, or Cow Dung, or any Thing elfe of that Kind, or is 
 prepared to ftrike him with his Hand or Foot, the Magiftrate ftiall fine him 
 One Mafheh of Gold, 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft with fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Caft; 
 and equal Abilities with another, is prepared to throw upon his Body, Duft, 
 or Sand, or Clay, or Cow Dung, or any Thing elfe of the fame Kind, or is 
 prepared to ftrike him with his Hand or Foot, the Magiftrate ftiall fine him 
 Two Mclfhehs of Silver, 
 
 If a Man is prepared to throw upon a Woman's Body, Duft, or Sand, or 
 Clay, or Cow Dung, or any Thing elfe of the fame Kind, or is prepared to 
 
 ftrike
 
 ( 3'8 ) 
 
 ftrikqher with his Hand orFooc, the MagiHrate fliall fine him Two Mapjeks 
 of Silver. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft, and of equal Abilities with another, throws upon 
 his Body, Dud, cr Sand, or Clay, or Cow Dung, or any Thing elfe of the 
 fime Kind, or fuikes him with his Hand or Foot, the Magiftrate Hiall fine 
 liini Ten Puns of Cowries » 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft, and of inferior Abilities to another, throws 
 upon his Body, DufV, or Sand, or Clay, or Cow Dung, or any Thing elfc of 
 the fame Kind, or ilrikes him with his Hand or Foot, th^ Magiftrate fiiall 
 fine liim Thirty Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of a fuperior Caft, and of fuperior Abilities to another, throws 
 upon his Body, Duft, or Sand, or Clay, or Cow Dung, or any Thing elfe of 
 the fame Kind, or ftrikes him with his Hand or Foor, the Magiftrate lliali 
 fine him Five Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft and of fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Caft 
 and inferior Abilities to another, throws upon his Body, Duft, or Sand, or Clay, 
 or Cow Dung, or any Thing elfe of the fame Kind, or ft:rikes him with his 
 Hand or Foot, the Magiftrate Hiall fine him Ten Ptms of Cowries, 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft with fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Caft and 
 equal Abilities with another, throws upon his Body, Duft, or Sand, or Clay, or 
 Cow Dung, or any Thing elfe of the fame Kind, or ftrikes him with his Hand 
 or Foot, the Magifl:rate Ihall fine him Twenty Puns oi Cowries, 
 
 If
 
 ( 219 ) 
 
 If a Man throws upon a Woman's Body, Dud, or Sand, or Clay, or Ccw 
 Dung, or any Thing elfe ofthefair.e Kind, or Rrikcs her with his Hand or 
 Foot, the Magiflrate fhall fine him Twenty Puns o^ Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft, and of equal Abilities with another, is prepared 
 to caft upon his Body, Tears, or Phlegm, or the Paring of his Nails, or the Gum 
 of his Eyes, or tlie Wax of his Ears, or the Refufe of Vi'fluals, or Spittle, the 
 Magiftr^^^te faall line him Twenty Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an Inferior Caft, and of inferior Abilities to another, is pre- 
 pared to caft upon his Body, Tears, or Phlegm, or the Paring of his Nails, or 
 the Gum of his Eyes, or the Wax of his Ears, or the Refufe of Viftuals, or 
 Spittle, the Magiftrate ftiall fine him Sixty Piws of Cozirie,(. 
 
 If a Man of a fuperior Caft, and of fuperior Abilities to another, is prepared 
 to caft upon his Body, Tears, or Phlegm, or the Paring of his Nails, or the 
 Gum of his Eyes, or the Wax of his Ears, or the Refufe of Viftuals, or Spittle, 
 the Magiftrate fhall fine him Ten Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of inferior Caft and fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Caft and 
 inferior Abilities to another, is prepared to caft upon his Body, Tears, or 
 Phlegm, or the Paring of his Nails, or the Gum of his Eyes, or the Wax of 
 hi^ Ears, or the Refufe of Vi6luals, or Spittle, the Magiftrate fhall fine him 
 Twenty Puns of Cowries. 
 
 r 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft with fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Caft and 
 equal Abilities with another, is prepared to caft upon his Body, Tears, or 
 Phlegm, or the Paring of his Nails, or the Gum of his Eyes, or the Wax of 
 
 4 B his
 
 ( 220 ) 
 
 his Ear.% or the Refufe of Vidnals, or Spittle, the Magiftrate fliall fine hiiu 
 Forty Pum of Ccivries. 
 
 If a Man is prepared to cafl upon a Woman's Body, Tears, or Phlegm, 
 cr the Paring of his Nails, or the Gnm of his Eyes, or the Wax of his Ears, 
 or the Refufe of Viftuals, or Spittle, the Magiftrate fliall fine him Forty Puns 
 of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Call, and of equal Abilities with another, fhould caft 
 upon his Body, Tears, or Phlegm, or the Paring of his Nails, or the Gum of 
 his Eyes, or the Wax of his Ears, or Spittle, or the Refufe of Vidtuals, the 
 Magiftrate ftiall fine him Forty Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft, and of inferior Abilities to another, fhould 
 caft upon his Body, Tears, or Phlegm, or the Paring of his Nails, or the 
 Gum of his Eyes, or the Wax of his Ears, or Spittle, or the Refufe of 
 Viftuals, the Magiftrate ftiall fine him One Hundred Puns oi Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of fuperior Caft, and of fuperior Abilities to another, fliould caft 
 upon his Body, Tears, or Phlegm, or the Paring of his Nails, or the Gum of 
 his Eyes, or the Wax of his Ears, or Spittle, or the Refufe of Vidluals, the 
 Magiftrate ftiall fine him Twenty Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft with fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Caft 
 and inferior Abilities to another, fliould caft upon his Body, Tears, or Phlegm, 
 or the Paring of his Nails, or the Gum of his Eyes, or the Wax of his Ears, 
 or Spittle, cr the Refufe of Vidtuals, the Magiftrate fhall fine him Forty 
 Puns of Cowries, 
 
 If
 
 !( 221 ) 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft with fiiperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Caft 
 and equal Abilities with another, fhould caft upon his Body, Tears, or Phlegm, 
 or the Paring of his Nails, or the Gum of his Eyes, or the Wax of his Ears, 
 or Spittle, or the Refufe of Vidluals, the Magiftrate fhall fine him Eighty 
 Puns of Cowries^ 
 
 If a Man (hould caft upon a Woman's Body, Tears, or Phlegm, or the 
 Paring of his Nails, or the Gum of his Eyes, or the Wax of his Ears, or 
 Spittle, or the Refufe of Vidtuals, the Magiftrate fliall fine hrni Eighty Puns 
 
 of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft, and of equal Abilities with another, throws 
 upon him, from his Navel downwards to his Foot, any Spue, or Urine, or 
 Ordure, or Semen, the Magiftrate fhall fine him Forty Ptois of Coiarics. 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft, and of inferior Abilities to another, throws 
 upon him, from his Navel downwards to his Foot, any Spue, or Urine, or 
 Ordure, or Semen, the Magift.rate fliall fine him One Hundred and Twenty 
 Pum of Cowries, 
 
 If a Man of a fuperior Caft, and of fuperior Abilities to another, throws 
 upon him, from the Navel downwards to the Foot, any Spue, or Urine, or 
 Ordure, or Semen, the Magiftrate ftiali fine him Tvv'enty Puns oi Cowries, 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft and fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Caft 
 and inferior Abilities to anotiier, throws upon his Body, from the Navel 
 downwards to the Foot, any Spue, or Urine, or Ordure, or Semen, the Magi- 
 ftrate ftiall fine him Forty Puns of Cowries^ 
 
 U
 
 ( 222 ) 
 
 Jr a Man of an equal Cafe with fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Call: 
 and equal Abilities with another, throws upon him, from the Navel dov/n- 
 wards to the Foot, any Spue, or Urine, or Ordure, or Semen, the Magiftrate 
 fhall tine him Eiglity Pirns of Cowries. 
 
 Ira Man throws upon a Woman, from the Navel downwards to the Foot, 
 any Spue, or Urine, or Ordure, or Semen, the Magiilrate fliall line him Eighty 
 Funs of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Cafl, and of equal Abilities with another, throws 
 vip'^n his Body, from the Navel upwards to bc^neath the Neck, any Spue, or 
 Urine, or Ordure, or Semen, the Magiftrate fliall fine him Sixty Puns o£ 
 Cowries, 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft, and of inferior Abilities to another, throws 
 upon his Body, fiom the Navel upwards to beneath the Neck, any Spue, or 
 Urine, or Ordure, or Semen, the Magiftrate fhall fine him One Hundred anci 
 Eighty Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of a fuperior Caft, and of fuperior Abilities to another, throws 
 upon liis Body, from the Navel upwards to beneath the Neck, any Spue, 
 or Urine, or Ordure, or Semen, the Magiftrate fhall fine him Thirty Puns of 
 Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft with fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Call 
 and inferior Abilities to another, throws upon his Body, from the Navel up- 
 wards to beneath the Neck, any Spue, or Urine, or Ordure, or Semen, the 
 Magiftrate ftiall fine him Sixty Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If
 
 ( 223 ) 
 
 If a Man of an equal Call with fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperlor Caft 
 and equal Abilities with another, throws upon his Body, from the Navel 
 upwards to beneath the Neck, any Spue, or IJrine, or Ordure, or Semen, 
 the Maoiib-ate lliall fine him One Hundred and Twenty Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man throws upon a Woman's Body, from the Navel upwards to be- 
 neath the Neck, any Spue, or Urine, or .Ordure, or Semen, the Magiftrate 
 fhallfine him One Hundred and Twenty Puns oi Cowries, 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft, and of equal Abilities with another, throws 
 upon him, from the Neck upwards, any Spue, or Urine, or Ordure, or Semen, 
 the Mao;iitrate fliall fine him Eio;hty Puns of Cozvrics, 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Cad, and of inferior Abilities to another, throws 
 upon him, from the Neck upwards, any Spue, or Urine, or Ordure, or Semen, 
 the Magiftrate fhall fine him Two Hundred and Forty Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of a fuperior Caft, and of fuperior Abilities to another, throws upon 
 him, from the Neck upwards, any Spue, or Urine, or Ordure, or Semen, the 
 Magiftrate fliall fine him Forty Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft with fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Caft 
 with inferior Abilities to another, throws upon him, from the Neck upwards, 
 any Spue, or Urine, or Ordure, or Semen, the Magiftrate Ihall fine him Eighty 
 Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft with fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Caft 
 and equal Abilities with another, throws upoa him, from the Neck upwards, 
 
 4 C any
 
 ( 124- ) 
 
 any Spue, or Urine, or Ordure, or Semen, the Magiftrate fhall fine him One 
 Hundred and Sixty Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man throws upon a Woman, from the Neck upwards, any Spue, or 
 Urine, or Ordure, or Semen, the Magiftrate fhall fine him One Hundred and 
 Sixty Puns ol" Conries, 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft, and of equal Abilities with another, is prepared 
 to afiault him with a Stone, or with a Piece of Iron or Wood, the Magiftrate 
 fl:iall fine liim Two Hundred and Fifty Puns of Cowries, 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft, and of inferior Abilities to another, is pre- 
 pared to affault him with a Stone, or with a Piece of Iron or Wood, the Ma- 
 giftrate fliall fine him Seven Hundred and Fifty Puns of Cowries, 
 
 If a Man of a fuperior Caft, and fuperior Abilities to another, is prepared 
 to affault him with a Stone, or with a Piece of Iron or Wood, the Magiftrate 
 {hall fine him One Hundred and Twenty-five Puns of Cowries, 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft v/ith fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Caft 
 with inferior Abilities to another, is prepared to affault him with a Stone, or 
 with a Piece of Iron or Wood, the Magiftrate ftiall fine him Two Hundred 
 and Fifty Pu?is of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft with fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Caft and 
 equal Abilities with another, is prepared to affault him with a Stone, or with a 
 Piece of Iron orWood, the Magiftrate fliall fine him Five Hundred Puns of 
 Cowries, 
 
 If
 
 ( 225 ) 
 
 If a Man Is prepa/ed to aflfault a Woman with a Stone, or with a Piece of 
 Iron or Wood, the Magiftrate fhall fine him Five Hundred Puns of Co-u;ries. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Call, and of equal Abilities with another, fhould ftriks. 
 him with a Stone, or with a Piece of Iron or Wood, the Magiftrate fhall fine 
 him Five Hundred Puns of Cowries* 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Call, and of inferior Abilities to another, fhould 
 ftrike him with a Stone, or with a Piece of Iron or Wood, the Magiftrate fhall 
 fine him One Thoufand Five Hundred Puns of Cowries, 
 
 If a Man of a fuperior Caft, and of fuperior Abilities to another, fliould 
 flrike him with a Stone, or with a Piece of Iron or Wood, the Magfiftrate fiiall- 
 fine him Two Hundred and Fifty Ptms of Cowries. 
 
 If aMan of an inferior Caft with fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Caft with 
 inferior Abilities to another, fliould ftrdce him with a Stone, or with a Piece 
 of Iron orWood, the Magiftrate fhall fine him Five Hundred Puns oi Cowries,. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft with fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Caft 
 and equal Abilities with another, fliould ftrike him with a ^tone, or with a 
 Piece of Iron or Wood, the Magiftrate fliall fine him One Thoufand Puns of 
 (^owrieSm 
 
 If a Man fliould ftrike a Woman with a Stone, or with a Piece of Iron or. 
 Wood, the Magiftrate fhall fine him One Thoufand Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man unknowingly fhould caft upon anothcrs Body, any Duft, or Sand,, 
 or Clay, or Phlegm, or Brick, or Stone, or Iron, or Wood, or any Thing elfe 
 of that Kind, or fliouW ftrike him therewith, the Magiftrate fliall not fine him., 
 
 If:
 
 ( 226 ) 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft, and of equal Abiiitles with another, fliould haui 
 him by the Foot, or by the Hair, or by the Hand, or by the Ciaaths. the Ma- 
 giilrate Hiall fine him Ten Puns of Cozvries, 
 
 If a Man of an inftrior Caft, and of inferior Abilities to another, Hiould 
 haul him by the Foot, or by the Hair, or by the Hand, or by the Cloath^, the 
 Magiftraxe (hall fine him Thirty Puns of Cownes. 
 
 If a Man of a fuperior Call, and of fuperior Abilities to another, fhould haul 
 him by the Foot, or by the Hair, or by the Hand, or by the Cloaths, the Ma- 
 giftrate ihall iint him Five Puns of Cowries, 
 
 :If a Man of an inferior Cafl with fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Caft 
 and inferior Abilities to another, fnould haul him by the Foot, or by the Hair, 
 or by the Hand, or by the Cloaths, the Magiftrate fnall fine him Ten Puns of 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft and fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Caft and 
 of eqaal Abilities with another, ftiould haul him by the Foot, or by the Hair, 
 or by the Hand, or by the Cloaths, the Magiftrate ftiall fine him Twenty 
 Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man Iliould haul a Woman by the Foot, or by the Hair, or by the Hand, 
 or by the Cloaths, the Magiftrate ftiall fine him Twenty Pui;s of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft, and of equal Abilities with another, fliould fcize 
 and bind him in aCloth, and ftiould fet his Foot upon him, the Magiftrate (hsM 
 fine him One Hundred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 h
 
 ( 227 ) 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Cafl:, and of inferiorAbllities to another, (hould feize 
 and bind him in a Cloth, and (hould fet his Foot upon him, the Magiftrate 
 fliall fine him l^hree Hundred Puns of Cowries, 
 
 If a Man of a fuperior Caft, and of fuperiorAbilities to another, fliould fcize 
 and bind him in a Cloth, and fliould fet his Foot upon him, the Magiftrate 
 fliall fine liim Fifty Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft with fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Cafl: 
 and of inferiorAbllities to another, fliould feize and bind him in a Cloth, and 
 fliould fet his Foot upon him, the Magiftrate Ihall fine him One Hundred 
 Puns of Cowries, 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft and fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Caft and 
 equal Abilities with another, fliould feize and bind him in a Cloth, and fliould 
 fet his Foot upon him, the Magiftrate fliall fine him Two Hundred Puns of 
 Ccwi ics. 
 
 \i a Man fliould feize a Woman, and bind her with a Cloth, and fliould fet 
 his Foot upon her, the Magiftrate fliall fine him Two Hundred Puns oi Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft, and of equal Abilities with another, fliould raifc 
 up any ofFenfive Weapon to afliault him therewith, the Magiftrate fliall fine 
 Kim Five Hundred Puns oi Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft, and of inferiorAbllities to another, fliould raife 
 up any off^cnfive Weapon to aflliult him therewith, the. Magiftrate fliall fine 
 him One Thoufand Five Hundred Puns of Cozvries. 
 
 4D If
 
 ( 228 ) 
 
 Tf a Man of a fLiperior Cafl, and of fuperior Abilities to another, fhould raife 
 up any offenfive Weapon to afTault him therewith, the Magiltrate fliall fine 
 him Two Hundred and Fifty Puns of Cowries, 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft and of fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Caft' 
 and inferior Abilities to another, fliould raife up any ofFenfive Weapon to af- 
 fault him therewith, the Magiftrate fliall fine him Five Hundred Puns oi Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Cafl and fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Cafl and 
 equal Abilities with another, fliould raife up any ofFenfive W^eapon to afTault 
 him therewith, the Magiftrate fhall fine him One Thoufand Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man fhould raife up any offenfive Weapon to afTault a Woman there- 
 with, the Magiftrate fhall fine him One Thoufand Ptms oi Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Cafl, and of equal Abilities with another, fhould flrike 
 him with aWeapon, the MagiHrate fhall fine him One Thoufand Puns of Cowries, 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft, and of Inferior Abilities to another, fhould 
 flrike him with a Weapon, the Magiftrate fhall line him Three Thoufand 
 Puns of Cowries . 
 
 If a Man of a fuperior Cafl, and of fuperior Abilities to another, fliould 
 flrike him with a Weapon, the Magiflrate fhall fine him Five Hundred PunS' 
 
 ct Ccicrics. 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft and fuperior Abilitic^s, or of a fuperior Call and 
 inferior Abilities to snother, fhould flrike him v/ith a Weapon, the Magiftrate 
 fliall fine him One I'houfand Puns of Cczviies, 
 
 If
 
 ( ^^^9 ) 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft and fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Caft and 
 of equal Abilities with another, fliould ftrike him with a Weapon, the Magi- 
 ftrate fhall fine him Two Thoufand Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If, a Man fhould ftrike a Woman with a Weapon, the Magiftrate fliall fine 
 him Two Thoufand Ptins of Cowries, 
 
 If a Man of an equal Caft, and of equal Abilities with another, fliould. 
 ftrike him with a Weapon, or any Thing elfe, in fuch a Manner, as that no^ 
 Blood flows from him, the Magiftrate fliall fine him Thirty Pu72S of Cowries; 
 if a little Blood is flied by the Stroke, the Magiftrate fliall fine him Sixty-four 
 Ptms of Cowries; if the Skin is torn, fo that much Blood flows from thence, 
 the Magiftrate fliall fine him One Hundred Puns of Cowries ; if both the Skin 
 and Flefli are torn, and a greater Qiiantity of Blood is by fuch Means flied,. 
 he fliall fine him Twenty-four Aflorufies; if both the Skin and Flefli are 
 torn, and a Bone is broken, and Blood flied, he fliall confiicate all his Poflfefr- 
 fions, and banifli him the Kingdom. 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft, and of inferior Abilities to another, fliould 
 ftrike him with a Weapon, or any Thing elfe, in fuch a Manner, as that no 
 Blood flows from him, the Magiftrate fliall fine him Ninety Ptms of Cowries; 
 if a little Blood is flied by the Stroke, the Magiftrate fliall fine him One Hun- 
 dred and Ninety Puns of Cowries; if the Skin is torn, fo that much Blood flows 
 from thence, he fliall fine him Three Hundred Puns of Cowries; if both the 
 Skin and FL^fli are torn, and a greater Qiiantity of Blood is by fuch Means flied,. 
 he fliall fine him Seventy-two Afonifies; if both the Skin and Fkfli are torn, 
 and a Bone is broken, and Blood flied, he fliall confifcate all his PoflTeflions, 
 and banifli him the Kingdom. 
 
 If
 
 ( 2 30 ) 
 
 If a Man of a fuperlor Cafl, and of fuperlor Abilities to another, fliould 
 llrike him with a Weapon, or any Thing elfe, in fuch a Manner, as that no 
 Blood flows from him, the Magifbrate fliall fine him Fifteen Puns of Cowries ^ 
 if a little Blood is flied by the Stroke, he fhall fine him Thirty-two Puns of 
 Cowries; if the Skin is torn, fo that much Blood flows from thence, he fliall 
 fine him Fifty Pims of Cow7ies', if both the Skin and Flefli are torn, and a 
 greater Qiiantity of Blood is by fuch Means fhcd, he fliall fine him Twelve 
 AJIorufies'y if both the Skin and Flefh are torn, and a Bone is broken, and Blood 
 flied, the Magiflirate fliall confifcaxe all his PofTtlTions, and banifh him the 
 Kingdom. 
 
 Ira Man of an inferior Cafl and of fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperlor Cafl 
 and of inferior Abilities to another, fliouid flnke him with a Weapon, or any 
 Thinly elfe, in fuch a Manner, as that no Blood flows from him, the Mao-iftrate 
 fliall fine him Thirty Puns of Cozvries; if a licck Blood is (lied by the Stroke, 
 heihdl fine h'.m Sixty-four Pmis of Co-ivries; if the Skin is torn, fo that much 
 Blood flows f.omi thence, lie fliall fine him One Hundred Puns of Cowries; if 
 bot'i the Skm and Fltfh are torn, and a greater Qiiantity of Blood is by fuch 
 Means fhfd, he flaall fine him Twenty-four yt^nz/^fj'; if boih the Skin and 
 Flefli are torn, and a Bone is broken, and Blojd fli/d, the Magiftrate fliall 
 confifcate all his Goods, and banifli him the Kinrdom. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Cafl: and fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Cafl 
 iind equal Abilities with another, fliould flinke him with a Weapon, or any 
 Thing elfe, in fuch a Manner, as that no Blood flows from him, the Magiflrate 
 fliall fine him Sixty Pu::s of Cozviits:, if d l.ttle Blood is faj.d by the Stroke, 
 Le fliall fine him One Hundred and Twenty-eight Puns of Cowries ; if the Skin 
 is torn, lo iliat much Elood flows from thencc, he fhall fine him Two Hun- 
 icirjd Puns of ■. oiviics; if boJi the Skin and Flefli arc torn, and a greater Qiian- 
 tity
 
 ( 23' ) 
 
 tity of Blood is hy fuch Means flied, he fhall fine him Forty-eight A[}jn'.fies\ 
 if both the Skin and Flelli are torn, and a Bone is brukt-n, and Blood fhed, 
 the Magiftrate fliall confifcatc all his Goods, and banifh him the Kingdom. 
 
 If a Man fhould ftrike a Woman with a Weapon, or any Thing elfe, in 
 fuch a Manner, as that no Blood flows from her, the Magillrate fhall line 
 him Sixty Tuns oi Cowries-, if a little Blood is fhed by the Stroke, he fhall 
 fine him One Hundred and Twenty-eight Pwis of Cowries y if the Skin is torn, 
 fo that much Blood flows from thence, he fhall fine him Two Hundred Puns 
 vf Cowries; if both the Skin and Flefh are torn, and a greater Qiiantity of 
 Blood is by fuch Means flied, he fliall fine him Forty- tight JjTjruJies ; if both, 
 the Skin and Flefh are torn, and a Bone is broken, and Blood fhed, the Magi- 
 flirate fhall confifcate all his Goods, and banifli him the Kingdom. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Cafl:, and of equal Abilities with another, fliould 
 ftrike him with any Weapon upon the Ear, or upon the Nofe, or upon the 
 Hand, or upon the Foot, or upon the Lip, or in the Eye, or upon the Tongue,, 
 or upon the Penis, or upon the Joint of the Knee, the Magiftrate fhall 
 fine him Five Hundred Puns of Cowries; if heftrikes upon any of thefe Limbs 
 above fpecified, in fuch a Manner, as that they are thereby cut off", and fepa- 
 rated from the Body, the Magiftrate fhall fine him One Thoufand Puns of 
 Cowries, 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Cafl:, and of inferior Abilities to another, fhould 
 ftrike him with any Weapon upon the Ear, or upon the Nofe, or upon the 
 Hand, or upon the Foot, or upon the Lip, or in the Eye, or upon the Tongue, 
 or upon the Penis, or upon the Joint of the Knee, fo that thefe Limbs are not 
 feparatcd from the Body, the Magiflrate fliall fine him One Thoufand Five 
 Hundred Puns of Cowries ; if, by that Stroke, any of thefe Limbs above fpeci- 
 
 4 E fied.
 
 ( 232 ) 
 
 fied are cut off, and feparated from the Body, he Ihall fine him Three Thou- 
 fand Pirns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of a fuperior Caft, and of fuperlor Abilities to anotlier, fhould 
 ftrike l.^.n with any Weapon upon the Ear, or upon ths Nofe, or upon the 
 Hand, or upon the Foot, or upon the Up, or in the Eye, or upon the Tongue, 
 or upon the Penis^ or upon the Joint of the Knee, fo that theie Limbs are not 
 feparated from the Body, the Magiftrate fliall fine him Two Hundred and 
 Fifty Puns of Co-zvries -y if, by that Stroke, any of thefe Limbs above fpecifitrd 
 are cut off", and feparated from the Body, hefiiall fine him Five Hundred Puns 
 of Cowries, 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft and fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Cafl: 
 and inferior Abilities to another, fhould fiirike him with any Weapon upon 
 the Ear, or upon the Nofe, or upon the Hand, or upon the Foot, or upon the 
 Lip, or in the Eye, or upon the Tongue, or upon the Penis^ or upon the 
 Joint of the Knee, fo that thefe Limbs are not feparated from the Body, the 
 Magiftrate (hall fine him Five Hundred Puns of Cowries; if, by that Stroke, 
 any of thefe Limbs above fpecified are cut off^, and feparated from the Body, 
 he Ihall fine him One Thoufand Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an equal Cafl: and fuperior Abilities, or of a fuperior Cafl: and 
 equal Abilities with another, fhould ftrike him with any Weapon upon the 
 Ear, or upon the Nofe, or upon the Hand, or upon the Foot, or upon the Lip, 
 or in the Eye, or upon the Tongue, or upon the Penis^ or upon the Joint of 
 the Knee, fo that thefe Limbs are not feparated from the Body, the Magi- 
 ftrate lliall fine him One Thoufand Puns of Cowries; if, by that Stroke, any of 
 thefe Limbs above fpecified are cut ofi^, and feparated from the Body, he fliali 
 iitie him Two Thoufand Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If
 
 f 233 ) 
 
 'If a Man fhould (Irike a Woman v/ith any Weapon upon the Ear, or upon 
 theNofe, or upon the Hand, or upon the Foot, or upon the Lip, or in the 
 Eye, or upon the Tongue, or upon the rudendum^ or upon the Joint of the 
 Knee, fo that thefe Limbs are not feparated from the Body, the Magiftrate 
 fhall fine him One Thoufand Puns oi Cowries; if, by that Stroke, any of the 
 J^imbs above fpecified are cut off, and feparated from the Body, he fhall fine 
 him Two Thoufand Puns of CciZries. 
 
 If a Man deprives another of Life, the Magiftrate fhall deprive that Per- 
 fon of Life-, if a Bramin deprives any Perlon of Life, the 5r^«//;/'s Life fhall 
 not be taken in return, but he (hall be fined One Hundred Jdjrufias : A 
 Bramin fhall not be put to Death upon any Account whatever. 
 
 If a Man has put out both the Eyes of any Perfon, the M.igiflrate fliall 
 deprive that Man of both his Eyes, and condemn him to perpetual Imprifon- 
 ment, and fine him Eight Hundred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man ftrikes a. Bramin v^kh his Hand, the Magidrate fliall cut off that 
 Man's Hand J if he flrikes him with his Foot, the Magiftrate fnall cut off 
 the Foot; in the fame Manner, with whatever Limb he ftrikes a Bramin, that 
 Limb fhall be cut off; but if a So oder i^irikes either of the Three Cafts of 
 Bramin, Chehtcree, or Bice, with his Hand or Foot, the Magiftrate fliall cut off 
 fuch Hand or Foot. 
 
 If many Perfons have affaulted a fmgle Man, in that Cafe, according to the 
 Rates of Fines that have been fpecified above,the Magiftrate fhall take Double 
 of fuch Fine from every Individual. 
 
 If a Magiftrate has committed a Crime, and any Perfon, upon Difcovery ox 
 that Crime, fhould beat and ill-ufe the Magiftrate, in that Cafe, whatever 
 
 be
 
 ( ^34 ) 
 
 be the Crime of murdering One Hundred Brcimifis, fuch Crime fliHl) be ac- 
 counted to chat Perfon -, and the Magiftrate Hiall thrud an Iron Spit throu.c/h 
 him, and roafl him at the Fire: If a Brcwnn has committed a Crime of this 
 Kin.], One Hundred dJJjnifies, as before-mentioned, fhall be taken from him, 
 as a Fine j but he fliall not be deprived of Life. 
 
 If Two Perfons, being of equal Caft, are mutually prepared to ftrike each 
 other with their Fifts, the Magiftrate fhall fine each of them Ten Puns of 
 Cowries; if they flrike each other, the Magiftrate fhall fine each of them 
 Twenty Puns of Cowries » 
 
 If Two Perfons of equal Cad are mutually prepared to kick each other, 
 the Magiftrate fhall fine each of them Twenty Puns of Cowries; if they kick 
 each other, he fhall fine each of them Forty Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft, proudly affeding an Equality with a Man of 
 fuperior Caft, fhould travel by his Side on the Road, or fit or fleep upon the 
 fame Carpet with him, the Magift:rate fliall take a Fine from the Man of 
 inferior Cafl, to the Extent of his Abilities. 
 
 If a 5^iifr fits upon the Carpet of a Bramin, in that Cafe, the Magiflrare, 
 having thruft: a hot Iron into his Buttock, and branded him, fliall banifh him 
 the Kingdom •, or elfe he fhall cut off his Buttock. 
 
 If SiSooder, out of Pride, fhould fpit his Phlegm upon a Bramin^s Body, the 
 Magiilrate fhall cut off his Lip; and if a ^^(j^^r piffes upon a Bramin's Body, 
 the Magiftrate fhall cut off his Penis j and if he fhould evacuate backwards his 
 Wind upon a Bramins Body, the Magift:rate fhall cut off his Fundament. 
 
 I?
 
 ( 235 ) 
 
 If a Sooder hath plucked a Bramin by the Hair, or by the Beard, or fhould 
 take hold of a5r^»//Vs Neck, or Tefticles, the Magiftrate Ihall cut off both 
 his Hands. 
 
 If a Man hath beaten another, in fuch a Manner, that his Limbs are broken, 
 or wounded, the Magiftrate fhall caufe him to pay to that Man, fuch a Sum of 
 Money as will defray the entire Expence of the Cure. 
 
 Whoever, in any Difpute or Difturbance, hath committed any Robbery, 
 ior Thefr, the Magiftrate fliall caufe him to return to the Owner the A.rticle 
 Aolen, and fliall fine him in Double the Value thereof. 
 
 If a Wife, or a Son, or a Slave, or a Female SUve, or a Pupil, or a Younger 
 Brother, hath committed a Fault, they may be fcourged with a Lafli, or with 
 a Bamboo Twig, upon any Part of their Body where no dangerous Hurt is 
 likely to happen ; but if a Perfon fcourges theni beyond fuch Limitation, he 
 (hall fuffer the Punifament of a Thief. 
 
 If a Pupil commits a Fault, his Mafter fliall chaftife him with fevere Ex- 
 preflions, and reprove him with Frowns and Anger, and fay, "■ If you commit 
 the fame Fault a Second Time, I will beat you ;'* and if a Pupil commits a 
 Fault in the cold Seafon, his Mafter may throw Water upon his Body. 
 
 If a Man hath beaten another, and afterwards this Man returns the Beating 
 upon tlie Firft, the original, Offender fliall pay a larger Fine, and the other 
 fliall pay a fmaller Fine. 
 
 If a Man fets fire to another Perfon's Houfe, with Intent to deftroy him, 
 or caufes that Perfon to take Poifon, or is dtfirous to murder him with a Sword, 
 
 5 
 
 F or 
 
 4
 
 ( 23^ ) 
 
 or carries away that Perfon's Wife from his Houfe, and keeps her to hlmfelf, 
 or plunders all that Perfon's Effeds, or his Tillage, in that Cafe, if the latter 
 deprives the former of Life, he fhall not be amenable ; but he fhall not kill 
 either a Cow or a Bramin, fuch as thefe are feparately treated of in the Chapter 
 of Juftice. 
 
 If a Man of inferior Caft fcurriloufly abufes a Man of a fuperlor Cafl:, and 
 afterwards the fuperior Caft chaftifes the inferior, in that Cafe, the fuperior 
 Caft fhall not be amenable. 
 
 If a Man, out of Malice, having infli(fled a Wound upon his ov/n Body, 
 fhould make complaint againft any other Perfon, in that Cafe, the Magiftrate 
 fhall attend to the Sound of hisVoice, as it comes from his Throat, to find out 
 the Caufe of the Wound ; as whether, at the Time the Wound was received, 
 both the Parties were in the fame Place, or in different Places, whether the 
 Perfon accufed is capable of giving fuch aWound or no; upon Inveftigation of 
 this Kind, if the Voice in that Perfon's Throat fliould vary, or if there is the 
 infiruniental Caufe of the Wound produced, or if both Parties were in One 
 Place when the Wound was given, or if the wounded Perfon is capable of 
 chaftifmg theother, in thatCafe, it fhall be proved, that theAccufcd hath given 
 the Wound; if the Caufe cannot thus be fettled, WitneiTes fhall be called and 
 examined, or an Oath, or the Purrikeb, Ihall be taken; and upon Difcovery of 
 the Truth, v/hatever Fine has been above fpeciiied in fuch Cafes,, the Magif- 
 trate fli^il take fuch a Fine from the Perfon who is convided. 
 
 Whoever murders a Man, if another Perfon gives fuch Murderer an Afy- 
 lum or Food, or hath furnifhed him with anyWeapon for the Commiftion of 
 luch Murder, the Magiftrate fhall fine that Perfon One ThouHmd Pms.of 
 Cowries. 
 
 SECT.
 
 ( 237 ) 
 
 SECT. ir. 
 
 Of Cafes ^ where no Fine is take?t. 
 
 When a Woman is born from a Woman of the ^ooder Cad, and a Man of 
 the Chehteree Caft, fuch Woman is called Wokree\ and the Son that is born^ 
 from aWoman of the Chehteree Caft, and a Man of the Sooder^ is called Kekta\ 
 and the Son that is born from the Woman PFokree, and the Man Kehta^ is calkd 
 Shepak; if the Shepak fhould abufe or aflault any Perfon, that Perfon may 
 ^chaftife him ; if of himfelf he is unable to chaftife him, in that Cafe, the Magif- 
 trate {hall punifh him according to the Fault, and fhall not take a Fine from 
 him. 
 
 A Person born an Eunuch, a Man of the Chendcil Cz^, or of the Filher- 
 man Caft, or of the Hunter Caft, or of the Elephant Driver's Caft, or of the 
 Gerhejiit Slave (a Slave that is born of the Body of a Female Slave) if 
 thefe ftiould aftault or abufe any Perfon, that Perfon may chaftife them; if of 
 himfelf he is unable to chaftife them, the Magiftrate fhall chaftife them accord* 
 ing to their Fault, but fhall not take a Fine. 
 
 A Bramhi's Son, who hath not alTumed the Brmiimcal Thrtad until Fifteen. 
 Years of Age, is called Berayut; alfo a Man of any low Caft, upon touching, 
 whom, the JJJoncw {ihax. is Purification by Bathing) muft be performed, alfo 
 v.'hatever Son is born of a Mother of a fuperior Caft, and a Father of an infe- 
 rior Caft, if thefe Perfons aftault any Man, that Perfon may chaftife chem; if 
 of himfelf he is unable to chaftife them, the Magiftrate fhall cJiaftife. them aCr- 
 cording to their Fault, but ftiall not take a Fine.
 
 ( 238 ) 
 
 He who teaches the Cotteree is called jicharige j whoever contradl(5ls the 
 Words of inch Acharige^ox whoever is conflantly guilty of Deceit and Impo- 
 fition, or who is guilty of the Crimes of Maha Patuk^ or Atee Patuk^ or 
 any fuch Crimes, if fuch Men as thefe Ihould alTault any Perfon, that Perfon 
 may chaftife them; if of himfelf he is unable to chaftife them, the Magiflrate 
 (hall punifli them according to their Fault, but fliall not take a Fine from them. 
 
 SECT. III. 
 
 Of the Fines for the Death of Animals, 
 
 If a Man deprives of Life, a Goat, or a Horfe, or a Camel, the Maglftratc 
 (hall cut off One Hand and One Foot from him. 
 
 If a Man caufes the Tefticles to be cut from any Animal, as a Bull, or a 
 Horfe, or a Goat, or any fuch Kind of Animal, the Magiftrate fkali fine him 
 Fifty Puns of Coizries. 
 
 If a Man kills a Bird of fmall Value, the Magiftrate fliall fine him Three 
 Puns of Cowries \ if it be fomev/hat more valuable, he fliall fine him Twelve 
 Puns oi Cowries ; and if it be an exceeding fine Bird, the Magifl:rate fliall fine 
 him Fifty Puns of Cowries, 
 
 If a Man kills a Fifli, the Magiflirate fliall fine him Ten Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man kills an Infed, the Magifl:rate fliall fine him One Pun of Cowries. 
 
 Of
 
 ( 239 ) 
 
 Of wild and Sylvaa Animals, fuch as Stags, Sheep, Tigers, Bears, and fuck 
 Kind of Animals ; if a Man kills One of the leaft valuable, the Magiftrate fhali 
 fine him Three Puks ofCoivrks; if it be fomething better, he fliall take Twelve 
 Puns of Cowries -t if it be One of tlie moll valuable of thefe Animals, in that 
 Cafe, the Magiflrate ihall fine him Fifty Pims of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man kills a Serpent, or a Cat, or a Weafel, or a Dog, or a Boar, if it 
 be not One of the moil prized, the MagKtrate fhali fine him Three Puns of 
 Cowries; if it be of the bed Species, he fhali fine him Twelve Piats of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man employs in Ploughing, or any other Work, a Cow big with Calf, 
 or the Bull called Ocherg^ or the Bull called Bcejejhukta^ or a very aged and in- 
 firm Cow (of which feveral Cattle an Account is written in the Chapter of 
 Cities and Towns) the Magillrate fliall fine him Fifty Puns of Coivries; and if 
 he deprives any fuch of Life, he fhali fine him One Thoufand P//«j of Cowries. 
 
 Whoever gains his Subfiftence by killing A.nimals, and felling their Flefh, 
 Skin and Bones, if fuch Perfon kills thefe Animals, the Magiftrate fliall not 
 fine him ; and exclufive of fuch Perfon, if any other Man kills any Animals, 
 the Magiftrate fhali take from him a Fine, after the Rate above-mentioned. 
 
 'a' 
 
 If a Man kills a He- Goat, or a Sheep, or a Buffalo, or any other Animal 
 of this Kind, for a Sacrifice to Dewtah (/. e.) the Deity, he fhali not be ame- 
 nable. 
 
 s 
 
 If a Man fells the Flefh of Dogs or Jackals, calling It the Flefh of Goats 
 or Stags, the Magiftrate fball fine him One Hundred Puns of Cowries-, if he is 
 conftantly guilty of this Practice, the Magiftrate fliall cut off" his Hand and 
 his Nofe, and break his Teeth, and fine him One Thoufand Puns of Cowries. 
 
 4 G If
 
 ( 240 ) 
 
 If a Hackery Driver, at the Time of driving the Hackeries, fhould fay, 
 *' Let all the People keep on One Side, this is the Road for the Hackeries,** 
 upon this Warning given by the Driver, if any Perfon fhould fail to go on 
 th.u Side, and, by falling under tht Hackery, fhould lofe his Life, in that Cafe, 
 it is no Fault of the Driver; but if the Hackery Driver negledts to give Warn- 
 ing, and any Perfon ihould be killed by falling under the Hackery, in that 
 Cafe, upon the Man's Death, the Driver Ihall fuffer the fame Punifhment as 
 a Thief: If a Cow, or an Afs, or a Camel, or a Horfe, or a Buffalo, or any 
 fuch Kind of Animals, Ihould be killed by falling under a Hackery, the Ma^ 
 gillrate fhall take Half the Fine, according to the Rates of Fines for killing 
 fuch Animals, herein above fpecified -, if the Foal of an Elephant, or of a 
 Horfe, or of a Camel, or of any fuch Kind of Animal be killed, the Magif- 
 trate fhall take a Fine of Two Hundred Puns of Cowries ; if a fine Fawn 
 or a Bird fhould be killed, he fhall take a Fine of Fifty Puns of Cozvries-, and 
 if an Afs, or a Goat, or a Sheep, fliould be killed, he fhall fine him Fiv3 
 Majhehs of Silver-, and if a Dog or a Weafcl be killed, he fhall fine him One 
 MciJheJIj of Silver. 
 
 If the Ov/ner of a Hackery hires an incapable Driver, who is not well ex- 
 perienced in his Bufinefs, by whofe Want of Skill any Animal, either Man, 
 or Beafl:, or Bird, fhould lofe its Life, tht; Magiftrate fhall fine the Owner of 
 the Hackery Two Hundred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If any of thefe Kind of Animals above-mentioned fhould be killed, the 
 Magiftrate fhall caufe the Perfon who killed them, to give an Animal of the 
 fame Kind to the Owner of the Animal deitroyed, and Ihall take a Fine, ac- 
 cording to the Rate already above fpecified. 
 
 C II A R
 
 ( 241 ) 
 
 CHAP. XVII. 
 
 Of rheft. 
 
 % Se6t, I. Of Theft open and concealed. 
 
 Se<5t. II. Of the Fines for open Theft. 
 
 Se6l. III. Of the Fines for concealed Theft. 
 
 Sed:. IV. Of Apprehending Thieves-. 
 
 Sefl. V. Of thofe Perfons who are to be confidered as Thieves. 
 
 Sed. VI. Of the Chckeydars being anfwerable for Stolen Goods. 
 
 SECT. L 
 
 Of The/i open and concealed. 
 
 Theft is, when a Man takes away any Thing without the Sight and Know- 
 ledge of the Owner of it, or wichout the Sight and Knowledge of the Perfon 
 to whom it was intruded, and afterwards fays, " I have not tals.en fuch 
 Article-," and this admits of Two Difcindions, open Thefc, and coi-'cealcd 
 Theft. — Open Theft is, when a Man, having weighed and learnt the Weight 
 of any Article, commits a Theft in that Weight, upon Delivery ot the 
 Artich'; as for Inftance, a Guldfrnith, or an Ironmonger, or a Grocer, or any 
 fuch Perfon who deals by W^eightj or a Phyfician, who, not giving to a 
 difeafud Perfon the Phyfick proper for hisDiforder, adminiilers fuch unfuitable 
 
 Remedies,
 
 ( 242 ) 
 
 Remedies, as that by them the Sicknefs of the Difeafed becomes more violent, 
 and who afterwards fays, " This Man is feized with a mofl difficult Diibrder," 
 and, upon faying this, takes any Thing for his Phyfick-, or anyPerfon, who, by 
 the Chances of the Dice, or by any other Games of the fume unlawful Nature, 
 takes away a Man's Property; or an Arbitrator, who receives a Bribe from 
 either Plaintiff or Defendant-, or, in a Cafe, where ieveral Perfons have been 
 jointly employed upon One Bufmefs, if any One of them deceives all the reft, 
 and appropriates ought to himfclf; or if a Perlbn lliould fay to another, ** Som^ 
 great Misfortune and Calamity is comiFig upon you, give me fom.ething, that 
 I may make Offerings to Deivtab^ to avert his Calamity from you," and after- 
 wards fhould appropriate to himfelf the Article given, inllead of making fuch 
 Offerings therewith i or a Man, who, concealing the Fault of any blemillied 
 Commodity, f;lh it for the Price of an unblemiHied Article of the fame Kind j 
 or when a Man, by giving falfe VVitnefs, takes away anothers Property; or a 
 Man, who, by fliewing Tricks with Conjurors and Jugglers, gets any Thing; 
 or a Man, who, either by terrifying another, or by cajoling him, contrives to 
 get any Thing from him : Thefe are called open (or apparent) Thefts. Exclu- 
 five of thefe, ail other Kinds of Theft, fuch as Houfe-Breaking, and other 
 various Schemes of Robbery, are called concealed Thefe : Both thefe Kinds 
 of Thiev^es, the Magiftrate fhall apprehend; and, having told to the People 
 the Fad of the Theft, fball take a Fine from the Thief, to the Value of what- 
 ever Goods he hath ftolen. Alfo, whoever affociates with Thieves, or is found 
 to have about him any Inftruments for piercing through Walls, or other Im- 
 plements of Robbery, or any Goods that have been ftolen from any Perlbn, 
 fuch Perfons fhall be apprehended, convidled of Theft, and the Punifhment of 
 a Thief without fail be inflided on them; for, by punifhing Thieves, the 
 deputation of the Magiftrate is ejitended, and the Tranquillity of the King- 
 dom fe cured.
 
 ( 24? ) 
 
 SECT. II. 
 
 Of the Fines for open Theft. 
 
 If a Man, in weighing any Article, hath by anyMeans with-heki One Eighth 
 of the Whole, the Magiftrate fliall fine him Two Hundred Puns oi Cowries; 
 if he hath thus with-held One Ninth, in that Cafe, out of the Two Hundred 
 Puns of Cowries^ One Eighth fhall be deduced, and the other Seven Parts 
 fhall be taken as a Fine; if he hath committed aTheft of OneSeventh, he fhall 
 be fined Two Hundred Puns of Cowries^ and alfo One Eighth of that Sum in 
 Addition; and if a Man, in computing, or in writing, or in the Price of 
 any Article, or in any Mode of the fame Kind, commits a Theft of One 
 Eighth, the Magiftrate fhall fine him according to the aforefaid Races; if he 
 is frequently guilty of this Kind of Theft, he fhall cut off the Hair of his 
 Head ;* and whoever has a Paflion, or ruling Propenfity to fuch Thefts, his 
 Ear, or his Nofe, or his Hand, or fome fuch Limb fhall be cut off; if a Per- 
 fon, giving to another any inconfiderable Article, in Exchange for it, by 
 fome Device or Deceit, procures an Article of Value, or if he takes at a low 
 Price any Article that fhould be prized very high, if, by fuch Device and 
 Deceit, he hath occafioned to the other a Lofs of One Sixth, thQ Magiftrate 
 fhall fine him Two Hundred and Fifty Puns of Coiories'^ if there is a Lofs of 
 One Fifth, or of a ftill greater Proportion, the Magiftrate fhall f.ne him Five 
 Hundred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 * Lofs of Caft. 
 
 4 H h
 
 ( 244 ) 
 
 If a Man, proffering to fell Grain for Seed, fhould fell Grain which is no<: 
 fit for Seed, the Magillrate fhall chaftife him, and take a Fine according to 
 the Offence. 
 
 If a Man conceals the Faults of any blemifhed Commodity, or mixes good 
 and bad Articles together, and fells them all as good, or refits any old Article, 
 and fells it as new, the Magiftrate Ihall caufe him to give Double the Price 
 of the Purchafe to the Purchafer, and Ihall fine him in the original Price of 
 the Purchafe^ 
 
 If a Man fhews to another the Biitkarah^ or his own Stone Weight, and, 
 going from the Shop to any other Place, iays, "This Stone is in Weight 
 One 6'tYr," whereas, in truth, the Stone weighs lefs than One Scer^ and 
 the other Perfon being ignorant of the Deficiency of Weight in the above.- 
 mentioned Stone,, fhould fell any Goods in the Shop of that Man, by 
 the Weight of that Stone, in that Cafe, the Magiftrate fhall fine that Man. 
 Eight Times the Price of the Commodity fold j and if he is frequently guilty, 
 of that Crime, the Magiftrate fiiall confifcate all his Goods,. 
 
 Whoever ufes a Pair of falfe Scales, and adjufts them fraudulently, the 
 Magiftrate fliail fine him One Thoufand P««j of Cowries-^ whoever tries 
 Gold and Silver,, if he fays, that, adulterated Gold or Silver is pure and fine, 
 and gives it to any Man as fuch, or if he fays of pure Gold or Silver, that,, it 
 is adulcerated, and takes it as fuch, the Magiftrate fhall fine him One Thoufand 
 £uns of Cowries-. 
 
 If the Magiftrate's Counfellor gives Advice void of Juftice, or gains a Sub* 
 jP.ftcnce by conftantly receiving Bribes, the Magiftrate fhall confifcate all the 
 FQff.iTions of fuch Perfons, and banifti them the Kingdom. 
 
 Ip
 
 ( 245 ) 
 
 If a Phyfician, unfkilled in the Art of Phyfick, caufes any One to take a 
 Medicine, or, if (killed in his Profeflion, he gives not to a fick Man the 
 Remedy proper for his Diforder, in that Cafe, if he hath adminiftered his 
 Phyfick to a Man of a fuperior Call, the Magiftrate fliall fine him One Thou- 
 fand Puns ofCoicries -, if he hath given it to a Man of an inferior Caft, he fhalt 
 fine him Five Hundred Puns of Cowries-. 
 
 If a Man, by Device or Deceit, takes any Thing from a Perlbn, who can- 
 not diftinguidi between Good and Evil, the Magiftrate fliall fine him Five 
 Hundred Pum of Cowries^, 
 
 If a Man, ignorant of Aftrology, tells the Magiftrate of his own accord, 
 that, feme Calamity will happen to him, the Magiftrate fliall fine him, accord- 
 ing to the Extent of his Fortune. 
 
 If a Waftierman wears another Man^s Cloaths, the Magiftrate ftiall fine 
 him Three Puns oi Cowries* 
 
 If a Man fells White Copper, and Tutanague made to counterfeit Silver, 
 theMagiftrate ftiall break the Hand, Nofe, and Teeth of fuch Perfon, and fine 
 him One Thoufand Ptcns of Cowries: 
 
 If a Man fells Silver, or any other Article made to counterfeit Gold, the 
 Magiftrate fliall break his Hand, Nofe and Teeth, and fine him One Thoufand 
 Puns of Cczvries; if he is conftantly guilty of fucii Pracflices, the Magiftrate 
 fball cut him into Pieces widi a Razor, 
 
 If a Man fells any White Stone made to counterfeit a Jewel, or the Thread 
 cf Cotton made to counterfeit Silk, or common Fuel. Wood made to counter- 
 feit
 
 ( 246 ) 
 
 feit Sandalwood, in felling fuch Counterfeits, whatever Price he has exaded, 
 greater than the real Value of the Article, the Magiftrate jQiall take Eight 
 Times as much from him as a Fine. 
 
 If a Man fells Clay made to counterfeit Mufk, or any other Articles, in 
 felling it, whatever Price he has exaded, greater than the real Value of fuch 
 Article, the Magiftrate fiiall take Eight Times as much from him as a Fine j 
 and whatever Price the Purchafer hath given, he fliall receive it back again, 
 and the Magiftrate fhall return to the Seller tiie Article fold. 
 
 If a Man fells any Article, by a nice Imitation and Counterfeit made to 
 look like Pearls or Coral, whatever Price he hath received for fuch Article, 
 the Magiftrate fhall return that Price to the Purchafer, and fhall take Double 
 of chat Sum as a Fine, and the Seller fhall receive back the Article fold. 
 
 Gold, which, on being burnt One whole Day and Night, lofes Nothing of 
 its Weight, is called pure Gold ; when a Man Ihews fuch Gold to a Perfon 
 well fkilled in affaying that Metal, and requires his Opinion of that Gold, 
 if that Man anfwers, that, the Gold in Qiieftion is not pure, in that Cafe, the 
 Magiftrate Ihall fine him according to his Means. 
 
 If One Hundred 'Tokchehs of Silver, upon being melted One whole Day 
 and Night in the Fire, are but Two 'Tokchehs deficient, fuch Silver is called 
 pure ; when a Man fhews fome fuch Silver to a Perfon well fkilled in affay- 
 ing that Metal, and requires his Opinion of that Silver, if that Perfon anfwers, 
 that, " The Silver in Queflion is not pure, the Deficiency will be greater thaa 
 the cuftomary Two Tokchehs^'' in that Cafe, the Magiftrate fhall fine him ac- 
 cording to his Means,
 
 ( 247 ) 
 
 If One Hundred Tolecbebs of Jrzeez (Tm) and Lead, upon being melted One 
 whole Day and Night in the Fire, are but Eight Tolechehs deficient, h\ch/lrzeez 
 and Lead are pure; when a Man fliews fome (uch^rzeez and Lead to a Pt-rfon 
 well flvilled in aflaying thofe Metals, and requires his Opinion thereon, if that 
 Perfon anfwers, that, ^'ThlsJrzeez and Lead are not pure, the Deficiency will 
 be greater than that of the ufual Eight T&lecb€bs,'' in that Cafe, theMagiftratc 
 ftiall fine him according to his Means. 
 
 If One Hundred Tolecbshs of Copper, upon being melted One whole Day 
 and Night in the Fire, are Five Tolecbebs deficient, or One Hundred Maunds 
 of Iron, upon being melted One whole Day and Night in the Fire, are Ten 
 Maunds deficient, and a Man lliews fome fuch Copper and Iron to a Ferfon well 
 fkilled in aflaying thofe Metals, if that Perfon fays, " This Copper and Iron 
 are not pure," the Magiftrate fliall fine him according to his Means. 
 
 If a Man gives to be woven One Hundred I'olecbebs Weight of coarfc Cotton 
 Thread, or of coarfe Silk, upon being finiflied, its Weight Ihall be increafcd 
 Ten Tokcbebs; if he gives middlingThread, it fliall be increafed FWeTolecbebs;- 
 if he gives fine Thread, it fliall be increafed Three Tokchehs\ fuch Cloth, if a 
 Man fhevvs to a Perfon well fkilled in judging thefe Matters, and that Perfon 
 fays lefs than the Weight herein above fpecified, the Magiftrate fhall fine him 
 according to his Meaus. 
 
 4I SECT.
 
 ( m8 ) 
 
 SECT. III. 
 
 Of the Fines for concealed Theft, 
 
 Whoever, by breaking through Walls, hath frequently ftolen much' 
 Wealth, the Magiftrate lliall caufe the Booty to be returned to the Owners, 
 and Ihall cut off both the Hands of fuch Perfon, and crucify him. 
 
 Whoever, robs on the Highway, the Magiflrate fhall cauie a Rope to be 
 lied about his Neck, and lliall thus deprive him of Life. 
 
 A Thief, who, by plundering in his owm Country, fpoils theProvince, the 
 Magiflrate fhall confifcate his Goods, and crucify him ; if he robs in another 
 Kingdom, he fhall not confifcate his PolTcfTions, but fliall crucify him. 
 
 If a Man fteals any Man of a fuperior Caft, the Magiflrate fhall bind the 
 Qx2S^Bema{2i particular Species of Grafs fo called) round his Body,and burn 
 him with Fire; if he fleals a Woman of a fuperior Cafl, the Magiflrate fhall 
 caufe him to be ftretched out upon a hot Plate of Iron, and, having bound 
 the Grafs Beena round his Body, fnall burn him in the Fire. 
 
 If a Perfon fleals a Man orWoman of a middling Caft, the Magiflrate fliall 
 cut off both his Hands and Feet, and cafl him out upon a Highway where 
 Four Roads meet. 
 
 If a Perfon fleals a Man of an inferior Cafl, the Magiflrate fliall fine him 
 One Thoufand Vuns of Cowries \ if he fleals a Woman of an inferior Caft, the 
 Mag'.flrate (hall confifcate all his Property. 
 
 If
 
 ( 249 ) 
 
 If a Man, in the Time of War, fteals an Elephant or a Horfe, the Magif- 
 trate fhall deprive him of Life; if it is not in Time of War, he fhall cut off 
 from him One Hand and One Fo»c. 
 
 If a Man fteals an Elephant or a Horfe excellent in all Refpefts, theMagif- 
 trate lliall cut off his Hand, and Foot, and Buttock, and deprive him of Life. 
 
 If a Man fteals an Elephant or a Horfe of fmall Account, the Maglflrate 
 fliall cut off from him One Hand and One Foot, 
 
 If a Man fleals a Camel or a Cow, the Maglflrate fhall cut off from hiai 
 One Hand and One Foot. 
 
 If a Man fleals a Goat or a Sheep, the Maglflrate fliall cut off One of his- 
 Hands. 
 
 If a Man fleals any fmall Animal, exclufive of the Cat and the Weafel, the 
 Magiflrate fhall cut off Half his Foot. 
 
 'O 
 
 If a Man fleals a greater Qiiantity thanTen Kcmhehs of Paddee, or Wheat, 
 or Barley, or fmall Gram, or Doll, or Grain, or Muflard-Seed, or Kunjud, or. 
 any fuch Sorts of Grain, the Maglflrate fhall deprive him of Life. 
 
 The Mode of Computation of the Komheh is this : 
 
 Three 1'olechehs, Two Maiijhs and Eight Surch make One P«/, 
 
 Four Fuh ---- One Koodup, 
 
 Four Kcodups ---^--- ----------- One Perujl, 
 
 Four
 
 ( 250 ) 
 
 Four Perhp - ^ - make ------- One Jdbuk, 
 
 Four Jdbuks - - ^ - - One Deroon, 
 
 Twenty Deroons One Komheh: 
 
 Acccrding to the Ordinatms of Kulp-teroo. 
 Pachejhputtee Mifr fays, that. 
 
 Twelve Handfuh make One Koodup, 
 
 Four Koodups One Perujl^ 
 
 Four Perup One Jdhuk, 
 
 Four Adhuks ^ One Deroon, 
 
 Twenty Deroons One Komheh, 
 
 "But, according to the Ordinations of Sewdrteh Behtdchdrige, it is thus : 
 
 Eight Handfuls make One Koonchy^ 
 
 Eight Koonchys One PooJkuJ^ 
 
 Four Poojkuh s One Adhuh^ 
 
 Four Adhuks One Deroon^ 
 
 Twenty Deroons One Komheh, 
 
 %* This is approved (or cuftomary.) 
 
 If a Man deals a lefler Qiiantity than Ten Kombehs of Paddee^ or Wheat, or 
 Barley, or fmali Gram, or Doll, or Grain, or Muftard-Seed, or Kunjud, or any 
 
 fuch
 
 ( 251 ) 
 
 fuch Sorts of Grain, in that Cafe, the Magiflrate fliall take, as a Fine from 
 the Thief, Eleven Times as much as the Quantity Ilolen, and return the 
 Article ilolen to the Ov/ner. 
 
 If a Man ftcals from another Perfon's Granary as much Paddee, or Wheat, 
 or Barley, or fnall Grum^ov Doll^ or Grain, or Muftard-Seed, ov Kunjud^ or any 
 fuch Kinds of Grain as may be computed to be a fufficient Burden for One 
 Man to carry, in that Cafe, the Magiflrate fhall caufe the aforefaid Grain to 
 be returned to the Owner, and Ihall line the Thief One Hundred Puns oi Cowries. 
 
 If a Man Reals from his Friend's Granary as much Grain as may be com- 
 puted a fufficient Burden for One Man to carry, the Magiflrate fliall caufe the 
 aforefaid Grain to be returned to the Owner, and fliall fine the Thief Fifty 
 Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man fleals Grain that has been reaped, which has not yet been taken 
 from the Straw, the Magiflrate fliall fine him Five Coins of Gold, and give 
 back the aforefaid Grain to the Owner. 
 
 If a Man hath cultivated, by Shares, the Arable Land of any Perfon, and, 
 for want of his proper Care and Cuilody, the Crop on that Ground fliould 
 be flolen, in that Cafe, whatever Share of Produce of tliat Ground 
 the Cultivator was to have received, the Magiflrate fhall line him 
 Teii Times as much, and fliall caufe to be given to the Owner of the Ground 
 whatever was his proportionate Share; if it be flolen by the Fault of the Cul- 
 tivator's Servant, he fhall only pay Five Times as much for the Magiflrate's 
 Fine, but the Servant fliall be held to make good the Fine. 
 
 ., ^WU ..i.V, .^W» , ..l.W .X.«.» ..V, ..^.V. VV. ..,^.^^ ^v 
 
 If a Man flieals Camphire, or round Pepper, or Cardamoms, or Nutmegs, 
 or Cloves, or fuch Kind of Things which are weiglied in fmaller Scales, the 
 Magiflrate fliall caufe the Article flolen to be returned to the Owner, and fliall 
 
 4 K fine
 
 ( 'S3 ) 
 
 fine the Thief Ten Times as much;, if he fteals of theft? Things more than the 
 Value of Ten Rupees^ the Magiftrate Hiall deprive him of Lite. 
 
 Tf a Man fteals Gold, or Silver, or fine Cloth, to a greater Amount than One- 
 Hundred i^^^p^^j, the Magiftrate Ihall deprive him of Life-, if he fteals to a 
 Icfs Amount than One Hundred Rupees^ and to a greater Amount than Fifty 
 Rupees, heftiallcutoff his Hand; if he fteals lels than the Value of Fifty: 
 Rupees, and more than that of Twenty-five Rupees, the Magiftrate fliall fine 
 him Eleven Times as much; if he fteals to a lefs Value than Twenty-five 
 Rupees, the Magiftrate fliall chaftife him, and caule tlie Article ftolen to be 
 returned to the Ovvner. 
 
 If a Man fteals Jewels of a confiderable Value, the Magiftrate fliall deprive 
 him of Ivife; if they are of fmall Value, he fliall fine him One Trioufand 
 Vuns o{ CcivrieSy and give back the Jewels to the Owner. 
 
 If a Man, in the Seafon of cultivating Land, and of fowing Grain, fteals 
 a Plough, or any other Implement of Hulbandry, the Magiftrate fnali caufe 
 luch Implement to be returned to the Owner, and ftiali fine tliatMan One 
 Hundred and K'ght Funs of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man fteals ^urreh, that is to fay Sagh, that is. Greens or Roots, fuch 
 as Ginf^er, or Onions, or ^ilrb, that is, Radifties, or any fuch Kind of Things, 
 the Maoiftrate fnall fine hiin One Hundred. P//;/j of CuiiTtcs, and caufe the 
 Article llolen to be returned to the Owner. 
 
 If a Man fteals Milk, or any Thing that is made of Milk, the Magiftrate 
 fliall caufe the Thing ftolen to be returned to the Owner, and fhaJl take 
 Doi ble of the Value for a Fine. 
 
 Ir
 
 ( ^52 ) 
 
 If a Mail Hieals the Flowers called MXafifer^ or Koop.n, or fuch Kind of 
 Flowers as are ufcd in dying Cloths, or the Luith Tree, or any other Shrub, 
 the Magiftrate fhall caufe the Article ilolen to be returned to tl^e Owner, and 
 take Five Coins of Gold as a Fine. 
 
 If a Man fteals Cane, or Bamboo^ or any fuch Wood, which is hollow 
 within, the Magiilrate fhall caufe the Article flolen to be returned to the 
 Owner,, and take Double the Value thereof as a Fine.. 
 
 If a Man deals Thread, or Cotton, or Cow Dung, or Hay, or Water, or 
 Sugar, or Cane Tckeries (a Tokerie is a Bafliet made of Cane, wherein any 
 Thing may be depofited) or Salt, or Earthen Pots, or Clay, or Sand, or Dull, 
 or Fiili, or Birds, or bitter Oil, or Meal, or Honey, or Leather, or the Teeth 
 or the Bones of Animals, or Spirituous Liquor, or Viftuals, or Fruit, the 
 Magiflrate fliall caufe the Article flolen to be returned to the Owner, and 
 ihali line the Thief in Double the Value.. 
 
 If a Man hath beenguilty of great Theft in. thefe Articles, the Magiflrate 
 fiiall fine him Five Times the Value. 
 
 Tf a Man fleals any Wood which has been prepared for any particular Pur- 
 pofe, or Stone, or Images of Clay of an excellent Shape, or a Bafket of. Beet 
 {Beet is a Sort of Grafs which has Prickles on its Back) the Magiflrate fhall 
 eaufe the Commodity flolen to be returned to the Owner, and fhall take Five 
 Times as much for a Fine. 
 
 If a Man fleals the Water of a Pool, or of a Bafon, the Magiflrate fhall fine 
 him Two Hundred and Fifty Puns of Cowries \ and whatever Qiiantity of 
 Water he hath flolen, he fliall c»iufe to be returned to the Owner,
 
 ( 25+ ) 
 
 If a Man, having ftole«n any Thing, affirms, that, he hath not ftolen it^ and 
 the Faft is afterwards proved upon him, the Magiftrate fliall take from him a 
 Fine of Four Times as much, and caiife the Article flolen to be reftored to 
 the Owner. 
 
 If a Man fteals One Wheel, or any other Part of the Furniture of a Hacken, 
 the Macriflrate, caufing fuch Article to be returned to the Owner, fhall fine 
 the Thief Forty Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man fteals a Chuckreh (or fmaller Sort of Hackery ufed for carrying 
 Burdens) the Magiftrate ftiall fine him One Hundred and Eighty Funs of 
 Covmes. 
 
 If a Man fteals the Fire of the Jugg^ the Magiftrate ftiall fine him One Hun- 
 d red ViLm of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man fteals the Bucket and Rope that is at the Mouth of a Well, the" 
 Magiftrate fhall fine him OntMaJheh of Gold. 
 
 Tf a Man, with Intent to fteal, fliould once open any Thing that is clufed 
 up, and fhould be caught in the A6t, the Magiftrate fhall cut off his Finger; 
 ifhefhould thus open any Thing a Second Time, he fhall cut off his Hand 
 and Foot J if he opens any Thing the Third Time, he fhall be put to Death. 
 
 If a Man, with Intent to fteal, fliould bind up any Thing that is open, and 
 becaughf in the Ad, the Magiftrate fliall caufe him to be punifhed as a 
 Thief. 
 
 If a Man fteals any Flowers, or Fruits, or Wood, or Grafs, belonging to 
 a Braminy the Magiftrate fliall cut o?i his Hand. 
 
 In
 
 ( 555 ) 
 
 Im Thefts, where the Magiftrate would put to Death a Man of any otlier 
 Caft, if the Offender be a Bramin^ he Oiall not be put to Death. 
 
 If any Brajnin, who is a Man of Property, and doth not lludy the Beids\ 
 fbould commit a Robbery that deferves Death, the Magiflirate fliall not put 
 him to Death, but he fliall confilcate all his Effedls, and banifli him from 
 the Kingdom. 
 
 Iv any Bramin, who is poor, and who ajfo neglects to fludy the Beids, fliould 
 commit a Robbery that deferves Death, the Magiftrate fliall faften a Chain to 
 the Leg of fuch Bramin, and caufe him to becoirje a SJave for Life, and give 
 him fuch a Subfifl;ence, as that at all Events his Life may be preferved. 
 
 If a learned Bramin, whether rich or poor, commits a Robbery that de» 
 feryes Death, the Magifl:rate fliall confine him in Prifon for Life. 
 
 If a Bramin of moderate Capacity, who is neither very learned, nor very 
 ignorant, comnoits a Robbery that deferves Death, the Magiflrate fliall fl:amp 
 the Mark of the Pudendum MuUehre upon his Forehead with ^ hot Iron, and 
 banifli him from the Kingdom, 
 
 If a Bramin of no Capacity, who is not firm in the Principles of his Cafl:, 
 commits a Robbery that deferves Death, the Magiflirate fliall put out his 
 Eyes. 
 
 If a Bramin, who every Day performs the Jugg, commits a Robbery that 
 deferves Death, the Magifl:ratc fliall cut off the Hair of his Head. 
 
 4L
 
 { 2S6 ) 
 
 If a Bramlny not having any Means of Subfiftcnce, fhould at fuch Tlmt- 
 fteal merely as much as is neceflary to fupport himfelf, the Magiftrate Ihall 
 not take any Fine from him, but Ihall caufe him to make the Perajhchut (or 
 Expiation.) 
 
 Exclusive of the Articles above fpecified, if a Perfon fleals any other 
 Articles, the Magiftrate fhall fine him in the Price of fuch Article^, whatever 
 it may be. 
 
 SECT. IV. 
 
 Of Apprehe7iding thieves. 
 
 If a Man Ihould find upon any Perfon Irons for breaking into Houfes, or 
 any other Implements of Robbery, he fhall call him a Thief, and apprehend 
 him. 
 
 If a Man fees another Perfon in PofTefTion of Things not fuitable to him, he 
 fhall fufpedt him to be a Thief. 
 
 A Man, who has no Income, and whofe Expences are large, fuch Man fhall 
 be fufpefled for a Thief. 
 
 When a Perfon is fufpedcd to be a Thief, he fhall be afked in what Qiiar- 
 ter his Habitation is, in what Kingdom, in what Town, in what Place, and of 
 what Caft he is, and what his Name is ? upon fuch Qiieftions, if, in giving his 
 Anfwer, he fhould change Colour, or his Voice fhould alter, or he be feized 
 
 with
 
 ( 257 ) 
 
 with a Trembling, and cannot fpeak wirh Eafe, and fatIsra6lorily, and prevari- 
 cates in his Account, and cannot prove his Habitation or his Caft to be 
 what he affirms, and fpends his Money always in criminal Expenccs, and 
 holds an Intimacy with bad Men, and all this is proved, he fliall be judged a 
 Thief J if thefe Signs are not found upon him, he is not a Thief. 
 
 From a Place whence any Thing has been ftolen, if they can trace the 
 Footfteps of the Robbers to the Houfe of any Perfons, or if the Article- 
 ftolen hath by little and little dropped in the Way, and may be traced to 
 that Perfon's Houfe, or if fuch ftolen Goods be found upon any Pcrfon, he 
 Ihall be called the Thief, and apprehended accordingly. 
 
 If the Footfteps of a Thief may be traced forfome little Diftance, or if the- 
 Article ftolen hath dropped for a little Diftance, and afterwards no farther 
 Sign can be found, then, whatever Town is near the Place where thefe Signs 
 have for a little Way extended, the Thief fhall be judged to lurk in that 
 Town-, if there-are Two Towns near that Spot, then the Thief fhall be fuf- 
 pefled to be in cither of thofe Towns where there are moft People who are 
 capable of committing a Robbery, and whoever is taken up on Sufpicion of 
 the Robbery ftiall be obliged to take his Oath, or ftand the Purrikeh (or. 
 Ordeal.) 
 
 If a Bramin, or a Cbebleree, or a Bice^ being on a Journey, fhould not have 
 wherewithal to furnifh his Expences upon the Road, and, for that Purpofe, . 
 Ihould take from the Lands of any Stranger Two Plants of Sugar Cane, orr 
 Two Radilhes, and eat them, in this Cafe, they are not to be taken for. 
 Robbers-, and fuch Perfons alfo are permitted to take as much as they can 
 eat of the Fruit of fuch Trees as bear Fruit with Bloflbms, and ihey may, 
 alfo take and eat the Roots of fuch Trees. 
 
 li
 
 ( 258 ) 
 
 If a Man takes Wood from a Stranger's Trees, for the Purpofe of per« 
 forming the Jugg^ he lliall not be reckoned a Thiefj and whoever takes 
 Grafs for an Offering to Cows, fuch Perfon alfo is not a Thi^f. 
 
 If a Bramin takes from the Land of a Stranger Wood for the Jugg, or 
 Flowers, or the Grafs Kofe (which is a particular Species of Grafs) heiliall not. 
 be taken for a Thief. 
 
 SECT. V. 
 
 Of thcfe PerJo7is who are to he conftdered as Thieves. 
 
 If any Perfon, wearing the Braminical Thread, fhould receive any Thing 
 from a Thief, knowing him to be fuch, for inftrufling him iq any Science, fuch 
 Branm is to be confidered like a Thief, 
 
 If any Perfon fets Fire to any Man's Houfe, with Intent to fteal any Thing 
 from thence, fuch Perfon is to be confidered as a Thief. 
 
 If a Man furniOies Viduals for a Thief, knowing him to be fuch, that 
 Perfon alfo is to be confidered as a Thief. 
 
 If a Man fuj*nilhes another with Irons for Houfe- Breaking, and fuch other 
 Implements for the CommilTion of Theft, he alfo is to be confidered ^s a 
 Thief. 
 
 If a Man furniflies a Place of Abode for a Thief, knowing him to be fuch, 
 that Man alfo is to be confidered as a Thief. 
 
 When
 
 (, 259 ) 
 
 When a Thief has an Intention to itt-al any particular Article, iFany 
 Stranger ads in fuch a Manner as to give the Thief an Opportunity of ftealing 
 that Article, he alfo is to be confidered as a Thief. 
 
 If any Man gives a Thief Inftruments for the Commiflion of Theft, he 
 alfo is to be confidered as a Thief. 
 
 When a Thief goes to any Diftance to commit a Robbery, if another 
 Perfon, knowing him to be a Thief, furnifhes him with Provifions for his 
 Journey, he alfo is to be confidered as a Thief: The Magiilrate ihail fine a 
 Man, in any One of thefe Predicaments, One Thoufand Puns oi Cowries. 
 
 If a Perfon, who is able to apprehend Thieves, upon Difcovery of a Thief, 
 fhould not apprehend him, he alfo is to be confidered as a Thief; The 
 Magiilrate fhall inflidl upon fuch Perfon Half the Punilhment of a Thief. 
 
 He who conceals a flolen Article fhall alfo be confidered as a Thief: 
 The Magiilrate fliall inflid upon fuch Perfon Half the Punifliment of a 
 Thief, 
 
 He who purchafes a flolen Article, knowing it to be flolen, is alfo to be 
 confidered as a Thief: The Magiftrate fhall inflid upon fuch Perfon Half 
 the Punifliment of a Thief. 
 
 If a Magiftrate has not fufficient Power to punifh a Thief, and, in that 
 Cafe, even gives him wherewithal to fubfifl, then it is no Fault of the Magif- 
 trate. 
 
 If a Perfon, who has been appointed by the Magifiirate to take care of the 
 Peace of the Country, does not properly execute his Office, he alfo is to be 
 
 4 M confidered
 
 ( 26o ) 
 
 confidered as a Thief: The Magiftrate fliall inflia upon fuch Perfon Half 
 the Puniiliment of a Thief, 
 
 If a Perfon finds any ftolen Commodity in the Hands of any Man upon 
 the Road, and does not puniOi that Perfon to the utmoft of his Power, the 
 Magiftrate fliall banilh fuch Perfon from the Kingdom. 
 
 SECT. VI. 
 
 Of the Chokeydars (or Watchmen) makmg good StoIe?tArticles»-^ 
 
 Whoever are appointed by the Magiftrate, for the Protedlion of any 
 City or Town, lliall be held to proteft fuch City or Town ; if any Thing 
 be ftolen in fuch City or Town, and thofe Perfons cannot produce the Thief, 
 they fhall make good the Article ftolen. 
 
 If a Robbery is committed out of a City or Town, the Head Perfon of 
 that City or Town ftiall make good the Theft ; if the Theft is committed 
 in the unfrequented Part of the Country, the Magiftrate fliall make it good ; 
 and afterwards the faid Magiftrate, having by Search detcded the Thief, 
 ftiall caufe him to make good the Article ftolen : If the Magiftrate does not 
 ad thus, he is criminal •, if he can take the Thief, he ftiall deliver him over 
 to the Owner of the Article ftolen. 
 
 If a Man, who hath loft a Number of Articles by Theft, fliould find any 
 One of thofe Articles upon any Perfon, he ftiall oblige that Perfon to make 
 good the whole-, if the Owner of that Article fays, " A great Number of 
 oihrr Things were ftolen at the fame Time witli this," and the other Perfon 
 
 lays.
 
 (' 26 1 ) 
 
 fays, '* I took Nothing But this One Article," the« tliis Perfon fliall either 
 take his Oath, or ftand to the Purrikeh (Ordeal) and if the aforefaid Article 
 was found in any Place, or was purchafed, then, if he can produce the Perfon 
 from whom it was purchafed, there is no Claim upon the Perfon accufed. 
 
 If the Guards and Watchmen find any ftolen Articles upon a Thief, and 
 do not know the Owner of thofe Articles, the Magiftrate fhall detain in fafe 
 Cuftody thofe Goods for One Year \ if, within the Year, the Owner of the 
 Goods fliould come and prove his Property therein, the Magiftrate fliall give 
 up the Things to himj and if there is no Owner, he fhall keep the Goods to. 
 himfclf.. 
 
 According to the Ordinations oi PacheJJjputtee Mifr. 
 
 If the Guards and Watchmen find any flolcn Articles upon a Thief, and 
 do not know the Owner of thofe Articles, the Magiftrate fhall detain the 
 Goods in fafe Cuftody for One Year; if, within the Year, the Owner of the 
 Goods (liould not appear, he fliall give One Qiiarter Share of the Goods to 
 the Watchmen, and keep the remaining Three Q^iarters thereof to himfclf. 
 According to the Ordinations of Cbcndeefiir : Approved (or cuftomary ) 
 
 If a Watchman hath found any ftolen Goods, and a Perfon fhould fay, 
 "This Article is ;i-iy Property," he fhall then inquire of that Perfon, what. 
 Article it was that was fiolen from him, and of what Kind it was, and of what 
 Size or Qiiantity, and from what Place, and on what Day it v/as ftolen ? then, 
 if that Perfon, according to each Qiieftion, can give in an Anfwer with Proof, 
 the Magiftrate fliail give up the Article to him ; if he cannot bring Proof, then, 
 whatever was the Value of the Thing claimed, the Magiftrate fhall take lb 
 much from him as a Fine. 
 
 C HAP.'
 
 ( 263 )> 
 
 'M lie \i' •• . nA-i 
 
 C H A P. xviir. 
 
 O/* Sh^hep^ i. e. Violence (which has Three DiJlinStions.) 
 
 1. When a Man by Violence breaks, or throws away, or takes to himfelf 
 any Fruit, or Flowers, or the White Stone called Pehteek^ or any Roots, fuch 
 as Ginger and Radifhes, and fuch Kind of Things, or a Plough, or any Imple- 
 ments of Ploughing, and fuchKind of Things of inconfiderable Value, belong- 
 ing to a Stranger. 
 
 2. When a Man throws a Serpent into a Stranger's Houfe, or breaks down 
 a Stranger's. Wall, or breaks down a Bridge, or tears a Flag, or by Vioknce 
 takes to himfelf,, or fpoils,or throws away the Animals, the Vidiuals and Drink, 
 or Cloaths of a moderate Value, or any fuch Kind of Things of a moderate 
 Value, belonging to a Stranger. 
 
 3. When a Man by Violence takes to himfelf, or fpoils, or throws away 
 any Image ofDezviab (i. e.) the Deity, or a Well, or a Bank, or any Grain, or 
 the Walls of a City, or any valuable Cloaths, or Jewels of a high Price, or 
 the Effeds confecrated to Dewiah^ or the Efted:s of a Bramin^ or fuch Kind of 
 valuable Articles, or commits Murder. 
 
 If a Man takes to himfelf, or fpoils, or throws away any choice FVuit, or 
 Flowers, belonging to another Perfonjthe Magiilrate fliall caiife him to return 
 to that Perfon fuch Fruit and Flowers, and fhall fine him One Hundred Puns 
 
 of
 
 ( 263 ) 
 
 oi Cowries \ and if he r[ioils ortakes to himfclf any orJiniry Fruit or Flowers, 
 the Magiftrate fliall fiiie hini in Five Times their Value. 
 
 If a Man very much injures and breaks the \Vhite Stone cillcd Pcbt'el\ 
 belonging to another Perlbn, the Magirtrate fhill caufe liim to give to that 
 Perfon a Stone of the f;ime Kind, or the Value of it, and fhall fine him Two 
 Hundred and Fifty Puns of Cowries-, if it is not fo much broken, he fliall take 
 a fomewhat lefs Fine; if it be broken but a little, he iliali take a ftiU fmalier 
 Fine from him. 
 
 If a Man dams up the Channel, through which the Water is brought to 
 fill a Pool, the Magiftrate fliall fine him Two Hundred and Fiky Puns of 
 Cowries, and caufe him to repair the Channel. 
 
 If a Man, by Violence, breaks down a Perfon's Houfe, together with the 
 Wall, the Magiftrace fliall caufe him to repair the faid Houfe and Wall, and 
 fliall fine him Five Hundred Puns of Cowries-, if he breaks down the Wall, 
 the Magiftrate fliall caufe him to repair the Wall, and fhall fine him Forty 
 Puns ot Cowries; if he breaks the Wall in fuch a Manner that it be cracked, 
 the Magiltrate fhall fine him Twenty Puns of Cowries; if he hath ad:ed in fuch 
 a Manner that the Wall mud foon be broken, he Ihall fine him Fifteen Puns 
 of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man, by Violence, throws into another Perfon*s Houfe a Snake, or 
 any other Animal of that Kind, whofe Bite or Sting is mortal, the Magiftrate 
 Ihall fine him Five Hundred Puns oi Cowrie Sy and make him throw away the 
 Snake with his own Hand. 
 
 If a Perfon, by Violence, throws into another Man's Houfe any Thing that 
 caufes him a grievous Moleftation, the Magiftrate (hall fine that Perfon One 
 
 4 N Hundred
 
 ( 264 ) 
 
 Hiin^rfd Pum of CcwrieSy and make him throw away the oflfenfive Article 
 with his own Hand. 
 
 If a Man throws a Brier into any Perfon's Houfe, the Magiftratc fhall fine 
 him Sixteen Puns of Cowries^ and make him throw away the Brier with his 
 own Hand. 
 
 If a Man breaks a Bridge, or tears a Flag, the Magiftrate fhall fine hiirv 
 Five Hundred Pum ofCozvries, and caufe him to repair the Bridge or the Flag. 
 
 If a Man breaks a large Bridge, the Magiftrate fliall deprive him of Life» 
 
 If a Man, by Violence, breaks or burns a valuable Image of DewiaJb, tlie 
 Magiitrate fhall fine him One Thoufand Puns of Cowries -y if it be a middling 
 Image, he fhall fine, him Eight Hundred Puns of Cowries -y if it be an Image of 
 fmall Importance, he fhall fine him Two Hundred and Fifty Puns of Cowries, 
 
 If a Man^ by ViolenGe, breaks or fpoils a Garden, or a Well, or a Bank of 
 Land, the Magiftrate fhall fine him Eight Hundred Pms of Cowries-, 
 
 Ira Man, by Violence,, fpoils any Seeds or Grain belonging to another^ 
 the Magiftrate fhall fine him in proportion to the Ofi'ence. 
 
 Ira Man fets fire to the Tillage or Plantation of another, or fets fire to a 
 HoulV, Q? to a Granary, or to any uninhabited Spot where there is much Fruit 
 o? Flcwtrs, tiie Magiftrate, having bound that Pcrfon's Body in the Grafs 
 Beef:a (which is a particular Species of Grafs) fhall burn him with Fire. 
 
 Ie a Man breaks down the Walls of a City, or fills up the Ditch that de- 
 fends the City, the Magiftrate fhall deprive him of Life. 
 
 If
 
 (- 265 ) 
 
 If a Man imprlfons a Perfon who is innocent, and not worthy of rmprifon- 
 ment, or if he releafes a Perfon whom it is his Duty to confine, the Magillrate 
 fhall fine him One Thoufand Puns of Coivnes. 
 
 If a Magiftrate, by Violence, forces a Fine from a Man who is guiklefs, 
 or confers Favours upon One who is guilty, that Magiftrate {hall pay a dou- 
 ble Fine. 
 
 If feveral Perfons deprive any One living Creature of ics Life, the Ma- 
 giftrate fhall fine the Perfon, by whofc injurious Treatment the Animal was 
 deprived of Life, a Muld, in proportion to what has been already ftated as a 
 Fine for the Death of each particular Animal, and he fhall fine all the reft Half 
 as much. 
 
 If a Man either knowingly or ignorantly fpoilis a great Number of Articles 
 belonging to another, the Magiftrate fhall fine him Double of what has been 
 fpecified for the Fine upon fpoiling each particular Article,. 
 
 If a Man ftiikes either his Mother, his Father, or his Spiritual Guide, with. 
 his Hand, the Magiftfate fhall cut oft* his Hand-, if with his Foot, he fhall cut 
 off the Foot; in the fam^ Manner, with whatever Limb he affaults, that Limb 
 ftiall be cut ofi' 
 
 Exclusive of the Crimes and Fines above fpecified, if a Man commits a 
 Crime of the Firft Diftinflion of the^'^^-^-^, the Magiftrate, caufmg the Arti- 
 cle to be made good to the Proprietor, and inquiring into the Degree of the 
 Guilt,, fhall fine the Ofix^nder refpedively from One Hundred to Two Hun- 
 
 drtd
 
 ( 266 ) 
 
 dred and Fifty Puns of Cczuries; if he commits a Crime of the Second Diltinc- 
 tion of the Shabejh, or middling Offences, the Magillrate, inquiring into the 
 Degree of the Guilt, fliall fine him from Two Hundred and Fifty to Five 
 Hundred Puns of Cowries; if he commits a Crime of the Third Diftinclion of. 
 the Skahe/h, or worit Offences, the Magiftrate, inquiring into his CaH: and the 
 Degree of the Guilt, according to the Offence, fhall fine him in Double the 
 Value of the Article, or fliall fine him equal to the Value of the Article, or 
 fliall fine him One Thoufand Puns of Co-wries, or fhall fine him his whole Pro- 
 perty, or fliall brand him in the Forehead, with a hut Iron, with the Mark of 
 the Pudendum Muliehe, or fhall banifli him from the Kingdom, or fliall cut off 
 Mis Pland, or his Foot, or fome other Limb, or fhall deprive him of Life. 
 
 If a Perfon fliould be found dead in any Place, and it is not known who 
 killed him, then the People fhall afk his Son, or whatever other Peifon is in. 
 his Family, whether or no the Deceafed was at Enmity with any Perfon -, or 
 whether he had any fevere Diforder ; or v/hether his Wife is of b^d Principles 
 or not ? and alfo with whom the Deceafed went out, and upon what Occafion? 
 and they fliall alio, in a friendly Manner, fift the Perfons upon the Spot whert 
 the Deceafed died, by afking, " How did this Perfon die? you mull certainly 
 know ;" then, if the Deceafed was at Enmity with any Perfon, and that Per- 
 fon be near at hand, it fhall be confidered, whether that Perfon killed him ; 
 and if he had any fevere Diforder, it fhall be confidered, whether he died of 
 that Diforder; and if his Wife be of bad Principles, then the Sufpicion falls 
 upon her ; and if the Perfon, with whom he went out upon Bufinefs, be of 
 bad Character, the Sufpicion falls upon him; and whatever Article was about 
 the Deceafed, if that Article be found upon any Perfon, he is to be fufpeded -, 
 and if any Signs be found upon thofcMen whom they queflion, the Magiftrate, 
 or the Magiftrate's Officers, upon the fame Conjefture, fhall caufe whoever is 
 taken up either to undergo the Purrikeh (Ordeal) or to take an Oath; if, by 
 
 the
 
 ( 267 ) 
 
 the Oath, or by the Purrikeh^ any Perfon be found guilty, the Maglftratc 
 Ihall put to Death both him and his Accomplices; if he be found innocent, 
 he Ihall be rcleafed. 
 
 4O 
 
 CHAR
 
 ( 268 ) 
 
 CHAP. XIX. 
 
 ■/«:r^>. 
 
 Of Adultery. 
 
 Sefb. I. Of the fevcral Species of Adultery. 
 
 Seft. II. Of the Fines for the feveral Species of Adultery. 
 
 Sea. III. Of the Fines for Adultery. 
 
 Se6l. IV". Of Adultery with an unmarried Girl. 
 
 Sect. V. Of Thrufting a Finger into the Pudendum of an unmarried Girl, 
 
 Sed. VI. Of Stealing away an unmarried Girl. 
 
 Sed. VII. Of Adultery with a Woman of bad Charadter, or a common 
 Proftitute. 
 
 Seel. VIII. Of the carnal Conjundion of a Man with any Beaft. 
 
 S E C T. I. 
 
 Of the feveral Species of Adultery^ which are of Three Sorts, 
 
 Flrjl Species is, when, in a Place where there are no other Men, a Perfon, 
 with Intent to commit Adultery, holds any Converfation with a Woman, and 
 Winks, and Gallantries, andSmiles pafs on both Sides ; or the Man and Woman 
 hold Converfation together in the Morning, or in the Evening, or at Night, or 
 any fuch improper Times-, or the Man dallies with the Woman's Cloaths, or 
 fends a Pimp to her ; or the Man and Woman are together in a Garden, or an 
 
 unfrequented
 
 ( 269 ) 
 
 Unfrequented Spot, or fuch other fecret Place, and bathe together in the 
 fame Pool, or other Water •, or the Man and Womaa meet together in One 
 viliting Place : This is called the Firft, or moft trifling Species. 
 
 Second Species is, when a Man fends Sandal Wood, or a String of Beads, or 
 Viduals and Drink, or Cloaths, or Gold, or Jewels to a Woman : This i« 
 called the Second, or middle Species. 
 
 Third Species is, when the Man and Woman Sleep and Dall/ upon the 
 
 fame Carpet, or in fomc retired Place kils and embrace, and play with each 
 
 others Hair; or when the Man carries the Woman into a retired Place, and 
 
 the Woman fays Nothing : This is called the Third, or worfl: Species of 
 
 • Adultery. 
 
 SECT. II. 
 
 Of the Fines for the f ever al Species of Adultery, 
 
 ' Upon the Firft Species, the Magiftrate fhall take a Fine of Two Hun- 
 dred and Fifty Funs of Cowries ; upon the Second Species, he fhall take a 
 Fiae of Five Himdred Funs of Cowries \ upon the Third Species, he fhall 
 take a Fine of One Thoufand P«;w of Co-K^nVj; from a Man who commits 
 thefe feveral Species, if he be wealthy, a ftill larger Fine fliall be taken. 
 
 If a Man of an inferior Caft commits the Firft Species with a Woman 
 of a fuperior Caft, with a criminal Intent, the Magiftrate fhall fine him 
 Eight Hundred P^a? oi Cowries \ if he commits the Second Species, he fliaU 
 
 cut
 
 ( tio ) 
 
 cut off One of his Limbs j if be commits the Third Species, he fhall deprive 
 liim of Life. 
 
 If a Man, having at firft begun a trifling Converfation with a Woman^ 
 afterwards increafes and prolongs fuch Converfation, the Magiftrate fhall fine 
 him Two Hundred and Fifty ?ims of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man, without any criminal Intention, holds a Converfation upon 
 Bufmefs with a Woman no ways related to him, he fhall not be fined. 
 
 IF a Man commits tlie fcveral Species above defcribed with a common Pro- 
 ftitute, he fhall not be fined. 
 
 If a Man commits the feveral Species above defcribed with a Girl, whofe 
 Profeffion is Singing and Dancing, in Prefence of the Owner of that Girl, 
 he fhall not be fined; if he fays any Thing to her fecretly, the Magiftrate 
 fliall take a fmall Fine from him. 
 
 If a Woman, who has a Mafter, goes of her own accord to the Houfe of 
 another Perfon, and holds Converfation with him, that Perfon fliall not be 
 fined. 
 
 If a Man hath forbid another to hold any Converfation with a Girl belong- 
 ing to him, and that Perfon afterwards enters into Difcourfe with that Girl, 
 the Magiftrate Ihall fine that Perfon Two Hundred Ptms of Cowries; and if he 
 has given his Girl the fame Prohibition, and flie afterwards holds any Dif- 
 courfe with that Perfon, the Magiftrate Ihall fine that Girl One Hundred 
 Puns oi Cowries; if he hath given this Prohibition both to the Man and the 
 Woman, and they afcerwards hold Converfation together, the Magiftrate fliall 
 fine each of them Two Hundred and Fifty Puns of Cowries* 
 
 If
 
 ( 27^ ) 
 
 If a Man, making himfelf a Mediator, carries McfTages between a r.'Ui\ 
 and Woman, and contrives a Meeting for them in a retired PLice, the 
 Magiftrate fhall take from him Half the tine of an Adulterer. 
 
 If a Man furnifhes any Perfon with a Place for tlie CommlfTion of Adultery, 
 the Masiftrate jfhall take from him Half the P'ine of an Adulterer. 
 
 If a Perfon, without a criminal Intention, puts on Jewels, and a hanclfom? 
 Drefs, and frequents an unmarried Girl, or a Woman who has been married, 
 the Magiftrate Ihall cenfure him; if he hath frequented her, with a criminal 
 Intention, the Magiftrate fliall fine him according to his Abilities. 
 
 SECT. in. 
 
 Of the Fi?ies for Adultery. 
 
 If a Man, by Force, commits Adultery with a Woman of an equal or in- 
 ferior Caft, againft her Confent, the Magiftrate fhall confifcate all his Poffef-^ 
 fions, cut off his Penis, and caftrate him, and caufe him to be led round the 
 City, mounted upon an Afs. 
 
 If a Man, by Cunning and Deceit, commits Adultery with a Woman of an 
 equal or inferior Caft, againft her Confent, the Magiftrate ftiall take all his 
 Pofteflions, brand him in the Forehead with the Mark of the Pudendum Muli^ 
 ehre, and banifli him the Kingdom. 
 
 If a Man, by Violence, or by Cunning, or Deceit, or againft the Woman's 
 Confent, com.mits Adultery with a Woman of a fupcrior Cali, the Magiftrate 
 fhall deprive him of Life. 
 
 4 P If
 
 ( 272 ) 
 
 If a Sooder commits Adultery with a Woman of the Bramin, or Chhieret^ 
 or Bice Caft, who has no Mailer, the Magiftrate, conElcating all his Pofleflions,. 
 Ihall cut off his Perns and his Tefticles^ 
 
 If a Sooder commits Adultery with a Woman of the Bratnin Caft, who has- 
 a Mafter, by her Confent, the Magiftrate fhall confifcate all his Effefls, cut off" 
 his Penis and Tefticles, bind him upon a hot Iron Plate, and burn him with 
 the Grafs Beena, 
 
 If a Sooder commits Adultery with a Woman o-f the Chehteree or Bice Caft, 
 who has a Mafter, by her Confent, the Magiftrate ftiall confifcate all his Ef- 
 fedls, cut off his Pe?iis and Tefticles, bind his Body with the Grafs Beena^ and 
 burn him. 
 
 If a Sooder commits Adultery with a Woman of the Sooder Caft, who has 
 a Mafter, by her Confent, the Magiftrate fhall fine him One Thoufand Puns 
 of Coivries; if the Woman has no Mafter, the Magiftrate fhall fine him Five 
 Hundred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Bice commits Adultery with a Woman of the Bra7mn Caft, who has no. 
 Mafter, by her Confent, the Magiftrate fhall confine him One Year in Prifon, 
 and fine him One Thoufand Pur^ of Cowries-^ if the Woman has a Mafter, the 
 Magiftrate fhall bind him upon a hot Iron Plate, wind the Grafs Beemi round 
 his Body, and burn him,, or burn him with the Grafs Kofe. 
 
 If a 5/(:^ commits Adultery with a Woman of the Chehleree Caft, who has 
 no Mafter, by her Confent, the Magiftrate fhall fine him One Thoufand Ptms 
 of Cowries; if the Woman has a Mafter, the Magiftrate fhall deprive him of 
 
 Lifci 
 
 If
 
 { 273 ) 
 
 If a C^^^^/tT<r^ commits Adultery with a Woman of the Bramln Cafl, who 
 has no Mailer, by her Confent, the Magiflrate fliall fine him One Thoufand 
 Puns of Cowries; if the Woman has a Mafter, the Magiftrate fh.ill bind him 
 upon a hot Iron Plate, wind the Grafs Beena round his Body, and burn him i 
 or burn him only with the Grafs 5tT. 
 
 If aCbebleree commits Adultery with a Woman of the Chehtcree Call, who. 
 has a Mafter, by her Confent, the Magiftrate fliall fine him One Thoufmd 
 Puns of Cowries \ if the Woman has no Mafter, the Magiftrate ftiall fine him 
 Five Flundred Puns of Ccwries, or Ihave off the Hair of his Head with the 
 Urine of an Afs. 
 
 If a Chehteree commits Adultery with a Woman of the Bice or Socder Caft, 
 who has a Mafter, by her Confent, the Magiftrate Ihali fine him One Thou- 
 hnd Puns of Coivries'f if the Woman has no Mafter, the Magiftrate fliall fine 
 him Five Hundred Pum of Cowries. 
 
 " Iv a Bramin commits Adultery with a Woman of the Bramin, the Chel'tcrec, 
 Ei'Ce, or Sooder Caft, who has a Mafter, by her Confent, the Magiftrate fhall 
 fine him One Thoufand Puns of Cowries; if the Woman has no Mafter, he 
 iiaall fine the Bramin Five Hundred Puus of Cowries. 
 
 Ik a ?vlan commits Adultery with any of his F'^ather's Wives, exclufive of 
 his own Mother, or with his Mother's Sifter, or with the Wife of his Maternal 
 Uncle (i. e.) his Mother's Brother, or with his Father's Sifter, or with his 
 Paternal Uncle's Wife, or with his Friend's Wife, or with his Pupil's Wife, 
 or with his Sifter, or with his Son's Wife, or with his Daughter, or widi the 
 Wife of the Perfon who teaches him the Goiterce^ or with the Wife of any Per- 
 son delbended from the fame Grandfather with himfelf, who has thrown her- 
 
 fel£
 
 ( 274 ) 
 
 felf under his Prc)te6lion, or with the Magillrate's Wife, or with a Woman of 
 good Principles, or with any Woman who is employed in the Worfliip of 
 God, or with a Woman of a fuperior Caft, or with the Wife of any Pcrfon 
 clefcended from the fame Grandfather with himlclf, who was his Nurfe, the 
 Magiftrate fhall cut off that Perfon's Penis^ and deprive him of Life ; and if 
 the Woman herfelf gave her Confent, the Magiftrate fhall cut off her PudeU' 
 dum^ and deprive her of Life. 
 
 In Cafes of Adultery, when Men of other Cafts are to be deprived of Life, 
 a Braniin guilty thereof fliall not be deprived of Life, but the Hair of his 
 Head fhall be cut off-, if he frequently commits the fame Crime, the Hair of 
 his Head fhall be cut off, and he fliali be banifhed from the Kingdom. 
 
 If a Man of the Cbehteree or Bice Caft commits Adultery with a Woman 
 of the Cbe7idal C2i% or Wafhcr's Caft, or any fuch mean Tribe, the Magiftrate 
 fhall brand him in the Forehead with the Figure of a Man without a Head, 
 and baniih him theKino-dom. 
 
 o 
 
 If a Brnmin commits Adultery with a Woman of the Chendal Caft, or 
 Wafher's Caft, or any fuch mean Tribe, the Magiftrate fhall fine him One 
 Thoufand Puns of Coivries, brand him in the Forehead with the Figure of a 
 Man without a Plead, and banifti Ijim from his Country. 
 
 If a Sooder commits Adultery with a Woman of the Chendal Caft, or Waflier's 
 Caft, or any fuch mean Tribe, the Magiflrate fliall ftamp on his Forehead 
 the Fi^^ure of a Man without a Head, and deprive him of Life. 
 
 If the Wife of a Brmnin^ by her own Confent, commits Adultery with a 
 Cbehteree ov Bice^ the Magiftrate fhall cut oft" the Hair of her Head, anoint 
 
 her
 
 ( 275 ) 
 
 her Body with Gbee^ and caufe her to be led through the whole City naked, 
 and riding upon an Afs, and cad her out on the North Side of the City. 
 
 If the Wife of a Bramin, by her own Confent, commits Adultery with a 
 Sooder^ the Magiftrate Hiall cut off the Hair of her Head, anoint her Body with 
 Ghee^ and caufe her to be led through the whole City naked, and riding upon 
 an Afs, and call her oiit on the North Side of the City, or cauie her to be 
 eaten by Dogs. 
 
 5f a Man of inferior Cad commits Adultery with a Woman of fuperior 
 Cad, the Magillrate fliall burn the Woman with Faggots. 
 
 If a Man commits Adultery with a Woman of inferior Catl, either by 
 Force or with her Confent, the Woman, in that Cafe, fliall not be liable to 
 Punifhment, but flie fliall perform the Pcrajhchut (Expiation.) 
 
 If a Man, by Force, commits Adultery with a Woman of an equal Cad, 
 who has a Mader, the Hud)and of that Woman diall hold her infamous, and 
 fhall not have any Connexion with her, until die diall have performed the Fe- 
 rajJochut^ but fhall give her fuchVicfluals as may be neceffary to fupport Life; 
 but if the Man committed Adultery with the Woman, by her Confent, even 
 in that Cafe, the Woman diall not be liable to Punifliment, but diall perform 
 the Ferajhchut, 
 
 If a Woman goes of her own accord to a Man, and inveigles him to have 
 criminal Commerce with her, the Magidrate diall cut off that Woman's Ears, 
 Lips, and Nofe, mount her upon an Afs, and drown her, or caufe her to be 
 eaten by Dogs. 
 
 4CL If
 
 ( 276 ) 
 
 If a Woman, who has a Mailer, is guilty of any Crime, the Magiftratc fhall 
 inflidt Tome Punilhment upon herfelf, exclufive of taking a pecuniary Fine : 
 Upon any Crime, where a Fine is to be levied, the Magiftrate fhall levy it from 
 the Mafter of the Woman ; if the Mafter of the Woman be abfent on a, Jour- 
 ney, fhe fhall be confined in Prifon until his Return j and upon the Mailer's 
 Arrival, the Fine fhall be exaded from him. 
 
 If a Woman, of her own accord, goes to a Man for a criminal Purpofc, 
 and the Man commits Adultery with her, the Magiflrate fhall fine that Man 
 Half the Mulfl fettled for an Adulterer. 
 
 If the Wife of a Man born a Eunuch, or of a Man altogether impotent, or 
 a Woman deferted by her Hufband, fhould go to any Man for a criminal Pur- 
 pofe, and that Man commits Adultery with fuch Woman, he is not liable to 
 Punifliment. 
 
 SECT. IV. 
 
 Of Adultery with an Unmarried GirL 
 
 ly a Man, by Violence, commits Adultery with an unmarried Girl of an 
 equal Cafl with himfelf, the Magiflrate fliail deprive him. of Life ; if it was 
 -with her Confent, he may marry her. 
 
 If a Man, either by Violence or with her Confent, commits Adultery with 
 an unmarried Girl of a fuperior Call> the Magiflrate fhall put him to Death. 
 
 I?
 
 { 277 ) 
 
 If a Man commits Adultery with an unmarried Girl of inferior Caft, by 
 berConfent, he fhall not be deemed guilty ; if it was done by Violence, the 
 Magiftrate Ihall take a fmall Fine from him. 
 
 If a Man commits Adultery with an unmarried Girl of an equal Caft 
 with himfelf, having her own Confent, and that of her Father and Mother, 
 then that Man fhall give to the Father of the Girl feme Money, and to the 
 Girl herfelf thofe Prefents which conllitute a Woman's Property, and fliall 
 marry her. 
 
 SECT. V. 
 
 OfThruJling a Finger into the Pudendum of an Unmarried 
 
 Girl, 
 
 If a Man, by Force, thrufts his Finger into x^t 'Pudendum of an unmarried 
 Girl of an equal Call with himfelf, the Magiftrate fhall cut off Two of his 
 Fingers, and fine him Six Hundred Tuns of Cowries. 
 
 *^* According to the Ordinations of Chendeefur Sind Paneejaut : Ap- 
 proved (or cuftomary.)— ^^^?'^^^ Hur fpeaks to this EfiFe6t,That, theMeafure 
 of Two Fingers Ihall be cut off from his Penis, and a Fine of Six Hundred 
 Puns of Cowries be taken from him. 
 
 If a Man thrufts his Finger into the Pudendum of an unmarried Girl of an 
 inferior Caft, by her own Confent, he fhall not be liable to Punifhment j if it 
 was done by Violence, the Magiftrate fhall take a fmall Fine from him. 
 
 If
 
 ( 278 ) 
 
 If a Man thrufts his Finger into the Pudendum of 2in unmarried Girl of an 
 equal Caft with himfelf, by her Confcnt, the Magiilrate fliall fine him Two 
 Hundred Puns of Cozvries. 
 
 If a Man, either by Violence or by PermifTion, thrufts his Finger into the 
 Pudendum of an unmarried Girl of a fuperior Caft, the Magiftrate fhall con- 
 fifcate all his Poficfllons, and put him to Death. 
 
 If one unmarried Girl, by thrufting her Finger into the Pudendum of 
 another unmarried Girl, Ihould make a Paflage, the Magiftrate fliall fine her 
 Two Hundred Puns of Cowries^ and give her T<sn Lafties with a Whip. 
 
 If a married Woman, by thrufting her Finger into the Pudendum of aa 
 unmarried Girl, Ihould make a Paflage, the Magiftrate ftiall cut off' the Hair 
 of that Woman's Head; and if ftie thus thruft her Finger a Second Time, he 
 fliall cut oft' Two of her Fingers, and caufe her to be expofed through the 
 whole City, mounted pn an Afs. 
 
 SECT. VL 
 
 0/ Stealing away an Unmarried Girl, 
 
 When a Girl is related to any Man, if that Man, being of an equal Caft 
 with her, either by Violence or with her Confent, fteals her away to commit 
 Adultery with her, the Magiftrate fliall fine him One Thoufand Puns of 
 Cozvries; if the Girl was not related to him, the Magiftrate ihall fine him Two 
 Hundred and Fifty Puns of Cozjuries, 
 
 If
 
 ( 279 ■) 
 
 If a Man deals away a Girl of a fuperior Caft to commit Adultery with 
 her, the Magiftrate Ihall put him to Death. 
 
 If a Man fteals away a Girl of an inferior Caft, by her own Confent, to 
 commit Adultery with her, he fhall not be liable to Punifhment-, if it was 
 done by Violence, the Magiftrate lliall take a fmall Fine from him. 
 
 SECT. VII. 
 
 0/ ComT7iitting Adultery with a Woinaii of bad CharaEier^ 
 
 or with a common Projiitute, 
 
 If a Man commits Adultery with a Woman of equal Caft with himfelf, 
 who has before been unchafte, the Magiftrate fhall fine him Five Coins of 
 Gold. 
 
 If a Man commits Adultery with a Woman of bad Chara6ler of an inferior 
 Caft, the Magiftrate fhall fine him Twelve Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Woman of bad Charadler (except the Wife of a Brambi) who has no 
 Mafter, of her own accord goes to a Man for a criminal Purpole, that Man, 
 after having given Information to the Magiftrate, may have carnal Knowledge 
 of her ; in fuch Adultery, he is not liable to Punifliment. 
 
 If a Man commits Adultery with a Slave Girl, or with any Woman whofe 
 Mafter hath ejefted her, by her own Confent, then, upon informing the Ma- 
 giftrate, he may commit Adultery with her; and if any Perfon furnifties a 
 Woman of this Stamp with Food and Cloaths, and takes her for^ Concubi- 
 
 4 R nage.
 
 ( 28o ) 
 
 nage, and any other Perfon commits Adultery with that Woman, the Magif- 
 trate iliall fine him Fifty Puns oi Cowries, 
 
 If a Man, by Violence, commits Adultery with his own Slave Girl, the 
 Magiftrate Ihall fine him Ten Puns of Cowries, 
 
 If, without her own Confent, feveral Perfons commit Adultery with, a Slave 
 Girl, the Magiftrate Ihall fine each Individual of them Twenty-four Puns of" 
 Cowries. 
 
 If a Bramin commits Adultery with a common Proflitute, the Magiftrate 
 ftiall fine the Bramin Fifty Puns of Cowries j if a Chehteree or Bice commit 
 the fame Crime, then whatever Gratuity was given to the Proftitute, the 
 fame Sum ftiall be taken as a Fine; if it be a Sooder, he fliall pay a Fine of 
 Ten Puns of Cowries, 
 
 If any Perfon commits Adultery with a Woman who has been enjoyed by 
 a great Number of Perfons, the Magiftrate fliall fine him the fame as for 
 committing Adultery with a Proftitute. 
 
 SECT. VIII. 
 
 Of the carnal ConjunSlwi of a Man with any Beaji. 
 
 If a Bramin ftiould copulate with a Cow, the Magiftrate ftiall fine him; 
 Eighty Gold Coins; if he be a Chehteree^ or a Bice, he ftiall fine him Five 
 Hundred Puns of Cowries, if it be a Sooder^. he fliall put him to Death.
 
 ( 28i ) 
 
 If a Man copulates with the Female of any Species of Animal (exclufive 
 of Cows) the Magiftrate fhall fine him Five Hundred Funs of Conries: Accord- 
 ing to the Ordinations of Puchejhputtee Mifr: Approved (or cuftomary.) Chcndcejur 
 fays, the Fine fhall be One Hundred and Ten Pans of Cowries. 
 
 In fuch Cafes as have no Fines fpecified for them in the Chapter of Adul- 
 tery, the Magiftrate lliall confider the Caft of the Crin^inal, and the Degree of 
 the Crime,, and proportion the Fine accordingly. 
 
 When a Kingdom is preferved free from Thieves, from Adulterers, from. 
 Murderers, and from all Men of fuch evil Principles, the Magiftrate of the 
 Kingdom goes to Paradifej and if the Magiftrate always brings fuch Perfons 
 to Punifliment, he then alfo goes to Paradife, and his Kingdom is doubled^ 
 and his Reputation is increafed. 
 
 f%i^ 
 
 CHAP,
 
 ( 282 ) 
 
 CHAP. XX. 
 
 Of what concerns Women. 
 
 A Man, both Day and Night, mufl keep his Wife fo much in Subjedlon, 
 that fhe by no Means be Miftrefs of her own Adlions : If the Wife have her 
 own Free-Will, notwithilanding fiie be fprung from a fuperior Cafl, flie will 
 yet behave amifs. 
 
 So long as a Woman remains unmarried, her Father fliall take care of her j 
 and fo long as a Wife remains young, her Hufband fliall take care of her ; 
 and in her old Age, her Son fliall take care of her ; and if, before aWoman's 
 Marriage, her Father fhould die, the Brother, or Brother's Son, or fuch other 
 near Relations of the Father (hall take care of her ; if, after Marriage, her 
 Hufband fliould die, and the Wife has not brought forth a Son, the Brothers, 
 and Brothers Sons, and fuch other near Relations of her Hufband fhall take 
 care of her : If there are no Brothers, Brothers Sons, or fuch other near Re- 
 lations of her Hufband, the Brothers, or Sons of the Brothers of her Father 
 fhall take care of her : If there are none of thofe, the Magiflrate fhall take 
 care of her; and in every Stage of Life, if the Perfons who have been allotted 
 to take care of a Woman do not take care of her, each in his refpeflive Stage 
 accordingly, the Magiflrate fhall fine them. 
 
 If a Hufband be abjeft and weak, he fhall neverthelefs endeavour to guard 
 his Wife with Caution, that fhe may not be unchafte, and learn bad Habits. 
 
 If
 
 ( 283 ) 
 
 If a Man, by Confinement and Threats, cannot guard his Wife, he fliall 
 give her a large Sum of Money, and make !ier Miftrefs of her Income and 
 Expences, and appoint her todrefs Viduals for the Dewtah (i, e.) the Deity. 
 
 « 
 
 A Woman is never fatisfied with the Copulation of Man, no more than 
 Fire is fatisfied with burning Fuel, or the main Ocean with receiving the 
 Rivers, or the Empire of Death with the dying of Men and Animals •, in tiiis 
 Cafe therefore, a Woman is not to be relied on. 
 
 Women have Six Qualities ; the Firft, an inordinate Dcfire for Jewels and 
 fine Furniture, handfome Cloaths, and nice Viduals-, the Second, immoderate 
 Lufti the Third, violent Anger-, the Fourth, deep Refentment (i. e.) no Pcr- 
 fon knows the Sentiments concealed in their Heart-, the Fifth, another Perlbn's 
 Good appears Evil in their Eyes; the Sixth, they commit bad Adions. 
 
 If a Woman is pregnant, they mufl: give her the Sadheh (the SMbeh is, to- 
 igive a pregnant Woman, in the Ninth Month, Rice, Milk, and Sweetmeats, 
 and other Eatables of the fame Kind for her to eat, and to drefs her in hand- 
 fome Cloaths. 
 
 If a Hufband is going a Journey, he mufl give his Wife enough to furnini 
 her with Viftuals and Cloaths, until the promifed Period of his Return; if he 
 goes without leaving fuch Provifion, and his Wife is reduced to great Necef- 
 fity for want of Viduals and Cloaths, then, if the Wife be naturally well 
 principled, fhe yet becomes unchafte, for want of Viduals and Cloaths. 
 
 In every Family where there is a good Underflanding between the Hufband 
 and Wife, and where the Wife is not unchafte, and the Huiband alfo commits 
 no bad Pradices, it is an excellent Example, 
 
 4 S Thf.
 
 ( 284 ) 
 
 The Creator formed Woman for this Purpofe, vt:ti. That Man might co^ 
 pulate with her, and that Children might be born from thence. 
 
 A Woman, v/ho always acls according to her Hufband's Pleafure, and 
 fpeaks no 111 of any Perfon, and who can herfelf do all fuch Things as arc 
 proper for aWoman, and who is of good Principles, and who produces a Son, 
 and who rifes from Sleep before her Hufband, fuch a Woman is found onl^ 
 by much and many religious Works, and by a peculiarly happy Deftiny,   
 fuch a Woman, if any Man forfakes of his own accord, the Magiftrate (hall 
 infiid upon that Man the Punilliment of a Thief. 
 
 A Woman, who always abufes her Hufband, Ihall be treated with good 
 Advice, for the Space of One Year ; if fhe does not amend with One Year's 
 Advice, and does not leave off abufmg her Hufband, he Ihall no longer hold 
 any Communication with her, nor keep her any longer near him, but fhall 
 provide her with Food and Cloaths, 
 
 A Woman, who difnpates or fpoils her own Property, or who procures 
 Abortion, or v/lio has an Intention to murder her Hufband, and is always; 
 quarrelling wich every Body, and who eats before her Hufband eats, fuch 
 Woman Ihall be turned out of the Houfe. 
 
 A Husband, at his own Pleafure, fhall ceafe to copulate with his Wife 
 who is barren, or vvho always brings forth Daughters. 
 
 If a Woman, after her monthly Courfes, while her Hufband continues 
 in the Houfe, conceiving her Huftand to be a weak, low, and contemptible 
 Objtd,goes no more to him, the Hufband, informing People of this, fhall 
 turn licr out of his Houfe, . 
 
 If
 
 ( 385 ) 
 
 If a Woman, following her own Inclination, goes whitherfoever (he choofes, 
 and does not regard the Words of her Maflcr, fuch a Woman alfo fhall be 
 turned away, 
 
 A WoMA^f, who is of a good Difpofuion, and who puts on her Jewels and 
 Cloaths with Decorum, and is of good Prmciples, whenever the liufband 
 i^ cheerful, the Wife alfo is cheerful, and if the Hufband is forrowful, the 
 Wife alfo is forrowful, and whenever the Hufband undertakes a Journey, 
 the Wife puts on a carelefs Drefs, and lays afide her Jewels and other Orna- 
 ments, and abufes no Pcrfon, and will not expend a fmgle Dum without her 
 Hufband's Confent, and has a Son, and takes proper Care of the HouHiold 
 Goods, and, at the Times of Worfliip, performs her Worfhip to the Deity in 
 a proper Manner, and goes not out of the Houfe, and is not unchafl:e, and 
 makes no Qiiarrclsor Diflurbances, and has no greedy Pafllons, and is always 
 employed in fome good Work, and pays a proper Refpe<5l to all I'erfons, fuch is 
 a good Woman. 
 
 '' K Woman fhdl never go out of the Houfe without the Confent of her 
 Hufband, and fhali always have fome Cloaths upon her Bofom, and at Fefti- 
 val Times (hall put on her choicefl Drefs and her Jewels, andfliall never hold 
 Difcourle with a flrange Man j but may converfe with a Simjfee^ a Hermit, 
 or an old Man ; and fhall always drefs in Cloaths that reach from below the 
 Leg to above the Navel ; and fhall not fuffer her Breafbs to appear cut of her 
 Cloaths ; and fhall not laugh, without drawing her Veil bef )re her Face ; and 
 Ihall aft according to the Orders of her Hufband ; and fhall pay a proper 
 Rtfpedl to the Deity, her Hufband's Father, the Spiritual Guide, and the 
 Guefts ; and fhall not ear until fhe has fcrved them with Vidluals (if it is 
 Phyfick, fhe may take it before they eat) a Woman alio fliall never go lo a 
 Stranger's Houfe, and fhall not ftand at the Door, and muft never look out 
 of a Window. 
 
 Six
 
 ( 2S6 ) 
 
 Six Thing* are difaraceful to a Woman: ift. To drink W inc flid Cat 
 Conferve?, or any fuch inebriating Things. 2d. To keep company with a 
 Man of bad Principles. 3d. To remain feparate from her Hufband. 4th. To 
 go to a Stranger's Houfe without good Caufe. 5th. To fleep in the Day- 
 Time. 6th. To remain in a Stranger's Houfe. 
 
 When a Woman, whofe Hufband is abfent on a Journey, has expended- 
 all the Money that he gave her, to fupport her in Vidtuals and Cloaths 
 during his Abfence, or if her Hufband went on a Journey without leaving 
 any Thing with her to fupport her Expences, fhe fhall fupport herfelf by 
 Painting, by Spinning, or fome other fuch Employment. 
 
 If a Man goes on a Journey, his Wife (hall not divert herfelf by Play, nor 
 fhall fee any publick Shov/, nor fhall laugh, nor fhall drefs herfelf in Jewels 
 and fine Cloaths, nor fhall fee Dancing, nor hear Mufick, nor fhall fit in the 
 Window, nor Ihall ride out, nor fhall behold any Thing choice and rare 5 
 but fnall fafhen well the Houfe-Door, and remain private -, and fhall not eat 
 any dainty Viduals, and fhall not blacken her Eyes with Eye-Powder, and 
 Ihall not view her Face in a Mirror ; fhe fhall never exercife herfelf in any 
 fuch agreeable Employment, during the Abfence of her Hufband. 
 
 It is proper for a Woman, after her Hufband's Death, to burn herfelf in 
 the Fire with his Corpfe; every Woman, who thus burns herfelf, fhall remain 
 in Paradife with her Hufband Three Crore and Fifty Lacks of Years, by 
 Defliny •, if fhe cannot burn, fhe mufl, in that Cafe, preferve an inviolable 
 Chaflity-, if fhe remains always chafte, fhe goes to Paradife; and if ihe docs 
 ■not preferve her Cliaftity, fhe goes to Hell. 
 
 CHAP.
 
 ( 587 ) 
 
 CHAP. xxr. 
 
 Of Sundry Articles. 
 
 Sed. I. Of Gaming. 
 
 Sed. II. Of Finding any Thing that was loft (which is called Needee.) 
 
 Se6l. III. Of the Fines for cutting Trees. 
 
 Se(5t. IV. Of the Tax upon Buying and Selling Goods. 
 
 Sed. V. Of the Qiiarrels between a Father and Son. 
 
 Se6l. VI. Of Serving unclean Vifluals. 
 
 Se6l. VII. Of the Punifliment to be inflided on a Socdcr for reading the Beids. 
 
 $e£t. VIII. Of the Properties of Punilhment, and of Punilhing. 
 
 Sed. IX. Of Adoption, 
 
 Sedt. X. Of Sundries. 
 
 SECT. I. 
 
 Of Gaming, 
 
 Gaming is of Two Sorts j the Firft Choperhazeey a Game played withThree 
 long Dice, Chefs or Tables, and Dice, and fuch other Kind of Games, which 
 are called Bote; the Second is, when Perfons caufe Elephants to fight with 
 Elephants, Bulls with Bulls, Cocks with Cocks, Nightingales with Nightin- 
 
 4 T gales.
 
 ( 288 ) 
 
 gales, or any otherAnimals in the fame Manner ^ theNan^e of this isSbemabbee:. 
 Thefe Two Sorts of Gaming, with a conditional Wager of Stipulation, are not 
 allowed to any Perfons, even in Jeft. 
 
 If any Man, either openly or in fecret, plays with another at either of thefe 
 Two Sorts of Gaming above fpecilied, upon a ftipula ted Wager, the Magiftrate 
 fliall fine that Man in any Sum that he choofes, and fliall chaftife him. 
 
 If any Man has a Propenfity to either of thefe Two Sorts of Gaming, in' 
 that Cafe, he fhall play before the Magiftrate, or fliall caufe a Man belonging 
 to the Magiflrate to fit there while he plays; in thefe Two Cafes, whoever is 
 the Lofer fliall pay the Money which was the Condition of the Game. 
 
 If any Man, without Leave of the Magiftrate, fliould play for a flipulated 
 Wager, in that Cafe, the Conqueror in the Game fhall not receive the Money 
 played for, but the Magiftrate fhall fine both Parties. 
 
 When a Game is to be played for a Wager, it fliall be played in Prefence of 
 a Number of People. 
 
 When a Man, having gamed with another for a Wager, receives the Money 
 played for, he fhall give that Money to the Magiftrate's Officer; the Magif- 
 tratc's Officer ftiall divide that Money, and give Half thereof to that Perfon, 
 and Half to the Magiftrate. 
 
 If a Man to procure himfelf to be Winner in a Game, either by numbering 
 the Squares of the Chefs-Table, or by numbering the Co-iirics of the Game, or 
 by any other Method, is guiky of Artifice and collufive Praftice, the Magif- 
 trate fnall fine him according to his Abilities. 
 
 Whoever.
 
 ( 289 ) 
 
 Whoever plays without any ftipulated Condition or Wager fhall not re- 
 ceive any Money upon the Game. 
 
 If a Man plays at thefeTwo Sorts of Games with Deceit and Fraud, the 
 Magiftratefliall cut off Two of his Fingers. 
 
 D> 
 
 If a Man, having played at any Game for a Stake, and, upon winning, 
 having received the Money, doth not give to the Magiftrate the Share that is 
 appointed him, then the Magiftrate Ihall fine him. 
 
 SECT. II. 
 
 Gf Ft7idi7ig any Thmg thai was lojl fivhich is called Needee.) 
 
 If a Man, having loft any Thing for a long Space of Time, fo that he hath 
 no Hopes of finding it, Ihould then recover it, he fhall inform the Magiftrate 
 thereof; whereupon, if that Man be an ignorant and unfcientifick Perfon, the 
 Man;iftrate iliall take to himfelf One Sixth Share of the Whole, and give the 
 Five Sixths to the faid Perfon: if he is a Man of Science, the Masiftrate fliall 
 keep to himfelf One Half, and return him the reft. 
 
 If a Bramin, having for a long Space of Time loft any Thing, fo that he 
 hath no Hopes of finding it, ftiould afterwards recover it, he fhall inform the 
 Magiftrate thereof, but the Magiftrate fnall not take any Thing from him. 
 
 If a learned 5r^;»/>, who regulates all his Actions conformably to the Bc'iJsy 
 fhould find any Thing, the Property of a Stranger, which has been loft, and 
 of which the Proprietor is not known, he Ihall inform the Magiftrate ; the 
 
 Magift.rate
 
 ( 290 ) 
 
 M.'i^i(l:rate Hull not dedud any Thing from that Article, but it ihall go entire 
 
 to tke Briuni^h 
 
 If an unlearned Bramin fliould find any Thing, the Property of a Stranger, 
 which has been lofl, and of which the Proprietor is not known, he fliall in- 
 form the Magiftrate, who fliall take tohimfelf One Sixth Share of the Whole, 
 and give the remaining Five Sixths to the Bramin. 
 
 \y a Chchleree fiiould find any Thing, the Property of another, which has 
 .been loft, and of which the Proprietor is not known, he Ihall divide it into 
 Four Shares •, One Fourth he lliall give to the Mao-iftrate, One Fourth to the 
 Braniijis, and keep the remaining Two Fourths to himfelf. 
 
 If a Bice fliould find any Thing, the Property of another, that has been loll, 
 and of which the Proprietor is not known, he then fliall giv€ One Half thereof 
 to the Bramins, and out of the Remainder he fliall give One Moiety to the 
 Magiftrate, and keep the other JMoiety to himfelf. 
 
 If a Seeder fhould find any Thing, the Property of another, which hath been 
 ioft, and of which the Proprietor is not known, then, having divided it into 
 Twelve Parts, he fliall give Five Twelfths thereof to the Magiftrate, and Five 
 Twelfths to the Bramins, and keep the remaining Two Twelfths to himfelf. 
 
 If a Man, having found any Thing that was loft, cither a Stranger's Pro- 
 perty or his own, fhould negleft to inform the Magiftrate, he fhall receive 
 .the fame Punifliment as a Thief. 
 
 If the Magiftrate finds any Thing that was loft, the Proprietor of which is 
 not known, in that Cafe, he fl-iall give One Half thereof to the Bramins^ and 
 ihall take One Half to himdclf. 
 
 SECT.
 
 f '^9^ ) 
 SEC T. III. 
 
 Of the Fines for ctitt'wcr T?^ees, 
 
 "If any Perfon cuts the Branches of a Male Banyan Tiee, or of a Man^d 
 Tree, or of a Moclferry Tree, or of a T'amarind Tree, or of a Female Ban- 
 yan Tree, or of any fuch large Tree, the Magiftrate fhall fine him T'.vcnty7'/r;j 
 of Cowries j if he cuts the Middle of the Tree, he iliall be fined Foriy Pum of 
 Cowries ; and if he cuts it down from the Roots, he fnall be fined Eighty Funs 
 of Cowries, 
 
 If a Man cuts any Trees that are in a Yard of a Houfe, or in a Place where 
 the Dead are caft, or on the Boundaries of Land, or in a Ilciut^ or in a Bazar^ 
 or in the Place appropriated to Dewtah (i.e.) the Deity, the Magiftrate fliall fine 
 him Double the Price of the Trees. 
 
 If a Man cuts Q.Plafs Tree, the Magiftrate (hall fine him Double the Price 
 of the Tree. 
 
 If a Man cuts any of the Creeping Tree called Lut^ be it a large or a fmall 
 Tree, or fuch Kind of the Lut as upon being cut produces a great Number 
 of Branches, or any Tree whofe Branches are extremely crooked, or any 
 fmall Tree, or any Tree which dies after its Fruit is once ripened, the Magif- 
 trate fhall fine him Ten Puns of Cowries ; if he cuts down any Grafs, thq 
 Magiftrate ftiall fine him One Pun of Cowries, 
 
 If a Man cuts a Tree that is capable of bearing Fruit, the Magiftrate fhall 
 fine him One Thoufand Puns of Cowries. 
 
 4 U ly
 
 ( 29^ ) 
 
 If a Man cuts a Tree that is capable of producing Flowers, the M'agiftrate^ 
 Hiall fine him Five Hundred Puns of Con ries.. 
 
 Of all thefe Species of Trees above enumerated, if a Man cuts any One, the' 
 Magiilrate fhall caufe him to return to the Owner, a Tree of the fame Species 
 with that which was cut-, if he has no fuch Kind of Tree, he (hall caufe the 
 Price thereof to be paid, and take a Fine, according to the Rate already above 
 fpecified j neverthelefs, a Man may cut Trees for the Purpofe of performing 
 ihejugg, or for making a.Plough, or for his Houfhold Bufinefs •, in fuch Cafes,, 
 there is no Fine., 
 
 SEC T. IV. 
 
 Of the Tax upon Buying and Selling Goods.. 
 
 If a Man pnrchafes Goods in his own Kingdom, and fells them again in hisv 
 own Kingdom, then, whatever Profit he hath made upon fiicli Purchafe and 
 Sale, he fhall give One Tenth of that Profit to the Magiflrate \. and if he- 
 made the Purchafe in a foreign Kingdom, and the Sale in his own, he fhall, 
 pay One Tv/entieth Share of the Profit to the Magiflrate.. 
 
 If a Man, havirrg purchafed Flov/ers or Roots, fuch as Ginger or Radiflies,. 
 or fuch Kind of Things, or Honey, or Grafs, or Fire Wood, from ano- 
 ther Kingdom, lells them in his own, the Magiftrate fhall take to himfelf One 
 Sixth, of the Profit arifing upon them, and give to that Perfon the other Five. 
 Sixths. 
 
 If
 
 f 293 ) 
 
 Ir a Man fells any Thing of a lefs Value than One Ca.bdwim {or Sixteen 
 Puns o{ Cowries) the Magiftratc fliall not take any Tax thereon. 
 
 If a Man, having purchafed in another Kingdom any PaJdce, orWheat, or 
 Plantains, or fuch other Fruit whofe Tree dies after once bearLns:, brin^rs and 
 fells them in his own, he lliall give to the Magiftrate One Sixth of the Profit 
 thereon, and keep Five Sixths to himfelf. 
 
 Whatever Profit a Painter, a Smith, or fuch Kind of Workman may 
 have made, by labouring at his own Bufmefs, the Magiftrate fhall charge nc^ 
 Tax thereon-, nor fhall any Tax be taken upon the IVofit which any Perfon. 
 hath made, as a Cojtd (or MefTenger) neither is there any Tax upon felling 
 young Heifers. 
 
 If a Part of a Man*^s Property hath been (lolen from him, no Tax fhall be 
 fcvied by the Magiftrate upon the Sale of what remains unftolen. 
 
 If a Serwultereeji. e.) a Brami?t kerned in the BeUsy fells any Thing, the 
 Magiftratc fhall take no Tax from him. 
 
 If a Man hath purchafed any Thing for the Worfhip oi Dew tab (i.e.) tiie 
 Deity, the Magiftrate fliall take no Tax thereon. 
 
 SECT.
 
 ( 294^ ) 
 
 SECT. V. 
 
 Of the Quarrels I? el ween a Father a?id Son. 
 
 If a Quarrel fliould arife between a Father who is a Man of Capacity 
 :ancl his Son, whoever is Witnefs in fuch a Cafe, the Magiitrate lliall line him 
 Ten Ptins of Cowries. 
 
 Ira Qiiarrel fhould fubfift between a Father who is a Man of Capacity 
 and his Son, and any Perfon contrives by any Means to lengthen out the 
 Qiiarrel, the Magiftrate fliall fine him One Thouland Puiis of Cowries. 
 
 If a Qiiarrel lliould arife between a Father who is of fmall Capacity ahd 
 his Son, whoever is Witnefs in fuch a Cafe, the Magillrate fhall fine him 
 Three Puns oi Cowries, 
 
 If a Qiiarrel Ihould fubfift between a Father who is a Man of no Capacity 
 and his Son, and any Perfon contrives by any Means to lengthen out the 
 Quarrel, the Magiftrate fhall fine him Eight Hundred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 Whoever is Security upon a Quarrel between a Father and Son, the 
 IM^giftr^.te fliall fine him Twenty-four Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Son commits a Fault, the Father Ihall not be held as guilty for the 
 Fault of the Son. 
 
 SECT.
 
 ( 295 ) 
 
 SECT. VI. 
 
 Of Serving undeaii ViBuah, 
 
 If a Man caufes a fuperior Bramin to eat Dung or Urine, the Muginratc 
 fhall fine him Sixteen AJhrufies; if it be not a fuperior Bramin, he fliall hne 
 hiiTi One Thoufand Puns of Cowries-, and if lie caufes him to eat Onions or 
 Garlick, the Magiftrate fliall fine him One Hundred AJlmtfics\ if he caufes 
 him to drink Wine, he fhall put him to Death. 
 
 If a Man caufes a fuperior Chehteree to cat Dung or Urine, the Magiftrate 
 iliall fine him Eight AJhrufies; if it be not a fuperior Chehteree, he fliall fine 
 him Five Hundred Puns of Cowries; and if he caufes him to eat Onions of 
 •Garlick, or to drink Wine, he fiiall fine him Fifty AJhrufies. 
 
 If a Man caufes a fuperior Bice to eat Dung or Urine, the Magiftrate fhall 
 fine him Four AJhrufies \ if it be not a fuperior Bice^ he fliall fine him Two 
 Hundred and Fifty Puns o{ Cowries; and if he caufes him to eat Onions or 
 Garlick, or to drink Wine, he fliall fine him Twenty-five Afijrufies. 
 
 If a Man caufes a fuperior Man of the Sooder Caft to eat Dung or Urine, the 
 Magiftrate fhall fine him Two Hundred and '^ihyPuns of Cowries; if it be not 
 a fuperior Perfon, he fliall fine him One Hundred and Tvjcnty Puns oi Cowries. 
 
 If a Man caufes a Perfon of the Arzal or lower Caft to eat Dung or Urine, 
 the Magiftrate fhall fine him Fifty-four Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Bramin voluntarily eats Onions or Garlick, the Magiftrate fliall banifli 
 luch Bramin from the Kingdom. 
 
 4 X SECT.
 
 ( ^96 ) 
 SECT. VII. 
 
 0/the Punijhme?2t to be injli&ed on a Sooder for reading the 
 
 Beids. 
 
 If a Man of the Scodsr reads the Beids of the Shafier, or the Pooran, to a 
 Bramin, a Chehteree^ or a Bice^ then the Magiftrate fhall heat fome bitter Oil, 
 and pour it into the aforefaid Sooder's Mouth-, and if a Sooder liftens to the 
 Beids of the Shafier y then the Oil, heated as before, fhall be poured into his 
 Ears, and Arzeez and Wax ihall be melted together, and the Orifice of his- 
 Ears fhall be flopped up therewith. — ThisOrdination ferves alio for the Arzal 
 Tribe. 
 
 If a Sooder gets by heart the Beids of the Shafier^ the Magiftrate fhall put 
 him to Death. 
 
 If a 5'tf(?i(r afTumes the Brammical Thread, the Magiftrate fhall fine him 
 Eight Hundred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Sooder always performs Worihip and the Jtigg-, the Magiftrate fhall put 
 him to Death, or fine him Two Hundred Afhrufies,^ 
 
 If a Sooder gives much and frequent Moleftation to a Bramin, the Magif- 
 trate ftiall put him to Death. 
 
 If a Sooder afTumes the Cuftoms and Appearances of a Chehleree, and pafTes 
 his Time as fuch, the Magiftrate fhall confifcate all his Effeds, and banidi him 
 the Kingdom; and if, afTuming the confccrated Thread of nBrajwn, he pafTes 
 his Time as fuch, he fhall fine him Eight Hundred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 SECT.
 
 ( 297 ) 
 SECT. VIII. 
 
 Of the Properties of Punijhment^ and of FunifJjing. 
 
 Punishment* is the Magiftrate -, PuniHiment is the Infpircr of Terroiir ; 
 Punilliment is the Nourifher of the Subjeds; Punifhment is the Defender from 
 Calamity, Punifhment is the Guardian of thofe that deep; Punidiment, with a. 
 black Afpc(5l and a red Eye, terrifies the Guilty : If the Magiftrate inflifls 
 Punifhment according to the Shajier^ then Punifhment produces luch Confe- 
 quences as have been already fpccified in the Kingdom of that Magiftrate. 
 
 He who is of a good Charafler, and a Man of Veracity, and who forms 
 his Adlions according to the Ordinations of the Shajier^ and who retains learn^-d 
 Pundits ■Sihowt him, and he himfelf alfo is a Man of Science, and not avaricious, 
 fuch Perfon is worthy to be a Magiftrate, and to have the Power of infliding 
 Punifhment. 
 
 He who is not affifted by learned Pundils^ and who is avaricious, and who 
 is not a Man ot Science, and who pays no Regard to the Shajler^ and who d;'th. 
 not praftile what he hath read, and who doth not fpeak the Truth, and is 
 not of a good Chara6ter, fuch Perlon is not worthy to be a Magiftrate, and 
 to have the Power of infliding Punifliment. 
 
 Ir a Magiftrate doth not infiid Punifhment according to the Shafiei\ his 
 Subjedls, and his Kingdom, and his PofTcfTions, and the Children of his Re- 
 lations, become mifcrable and contemptible. 
 
 Here the Image of Punifliment is introduced, or rather Punifhinent is perfonified. 
 
 If
 
 ( 298 ) 
 
 If a Maglflrate inflifls Punifhment upon the Guilty, and honourably treats 
 the Innocent, fuch a Man has all theRequifites for Magiftracy, and is always 
 fuccefsful, and enjoys a good Charader, and in the next World goes to 
 Paradife. 
 
 S E C T. IX. 
 
 Of Adoption.. 
 
 He who is dtrfirot3S to adopt a Child muft inform the Magiftrate thereof, 
 and fhall perform the Jugg^ and fliall give Gold and Rice to the Father of 
 the Child whom he would adopt ; then, fuppofing the Child not to have had 
 jhis Ears bored, or to have received the Braminical Thread, or to have been 
 married in his Father's Houfe, and not to be Five Years old, if the Father 
 will give up fuch a Child, or if the Mother gives him up by Order of the 
 Father, and there are other Brothers of that Child, fuch a Child fhall be 
 adopted, 
 
 A Woman may not adopt a Child without her Flufband's Order ; if fhe 
 has her Hufband's Confent, Ihe may caufe the Bramins to perform a Jugg for 
 her, and may adopt the Child :— According to the Ordinations oi Sewarteh 
 Behtacharige : Approved (or cu^om^ry .)— Pachejhputtee Mifr fpeaks to this 
 Effe6l, that, even with the Hufband's Confent, a Woman may not adopt a 
 Child. 
 
 A Sooder may adopt a Child, upon procuring a Jugg to be performed for 
 jiii-m by the Bramins, 
 
 He
 
 ( 299 ) 
 
 He who has no Son, or Grandfon, or Grandfon's Son, or Brother's Son, 
 (hall adopt a Son j and while he has One adopted Son, he fhall not adopt a 
 Second. 
 
 SECT. X. 
 
 Of Sundries^ 
 
 If a Man, keeping any of fuch Species of Animals as have Teeth and 
 Horns, and being able to reftrain and confine the Strength of that Animal, 
 negleds to fecure him, in that Situation, if the aforefaid Animal with his 
 Horns Ihould hurt any Perfon, or bite him with his Teeth, then the xMa^if- 
 trate Iliall fine the Owner thereof Two Hundred and Fifty Puns oi Cowries -y 
 but if that Perfon has not Strength or Ability to rellrain the aforefaid Ani- 
 mal, and any Perfon fhould be hurt thereby, the Owner of the Animal fhall 
 not be blamed. 
 
 If a Man keeps a Cow, or a Buffalo, or a Horfe, or an Elephant, or a 
 Camel, or a Wolf, or a Dog, and the Animal of any of thefe Kinds fliould 
 iland in the Way, and a Perfon, pafiing by upon the Road, fliould defire the 
 Owner of the Animal to keep it on one Side, then, fuppofing the Owner to 
 have Ability to keep the Animal on one Side, upon his negleding fo to do, 
 if the Animal fliould by any Means hurt the Pafll^nger, the Magifl:rate fliall 
 fine the Owner thereof Five Hundred Puns oi Cowries, 
 
 If a Man exadls Labour from a Bullock that is hungry, or thirfly, or fa- 
 tigued, or obliges him to labour out of Seafon, the Magifliratc fliall fine him 
 Two Hundred and Fifty Puns of Cowries. 
 
 4 Y If
 
 ( zoo ) 
 
 If an) Man, by giving greater Wages than the Cuftom of the Countr)'' re- 
 quires, entertains a Servant, Co that all other Perlbns, by his giving fuch great 
 Wages, are put to great Inconvenience, or if, when the Magillrate hath fixed 
 the Price of any Article, he buys or fells fuch Article at a higher or lower 
 Rate, or if, by anyCozenage and Deceit, he fells an Article of low Value for too 
 great a Price, or, byCozenage and Deceit, purchafcs a valuable Commodity at 
 too low a Rate, tlie Magillrate lliall fine him One Thoufand Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man, without an Order of the Magillrate, fells an Elephant that is fie 
 for Bufinefs, or a Horfe that is fit for Bufinefs, or a Camel that is fit for Bufi- 
 nefs, or any valuable Jewels, or if a Man fells any Article which the Magif- 
 trate hath forbidden to be fold, the Magillrate fhali fine him the Price of the 
 Article fold. 
 
 iV a Man ufes any fevere Expreffion againll the Perfon who hath taught 
 h'lm the Goiteree, or if a Pupil does not obferve the Coramands of his Spiritual 
 Guide, or is prepared to aflault the Wife of his Elder Brother, or if a Man, 
 having been intruded to carry any Article from one Perfon to another, doth 
 not deliver it accordingly, or if a Man hath opened the Lock of any Perfon's 
 Houfe, or if a Man hath a malevolent Difpofition towards a Strano-er, the 
 Magillrate fhall fine the Offender, in any of thcfe Cafes, Fifty Pu/is of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man, who hath received any Molcftation from a Thief, or any other 
 ill-difpofed Perfon, fhonld fay to another, " I receive fuch Molcftation from 
 a Thief, or from fuch other ill-difpofed Perfon, come you and free me from 
 him," then, if that Perfon, having fufficient Ability for the Purpofe, doth 
 not alTift, or fpeak for the other, the Magiftrate fliali fine him One Hundred 
 Funs of Cozvri'^s, 
 
 If
 
 ( 301 ) 
 
 If a Man, who hath not been moleftc^d by a Thief, or any other Perfon, 
 fliould fay, •' I am molefled by a Thief, or by fuch other ill-difpofcd Perfon, 
 I- entreat the People to come to my AfTiftance," in that Cafe, the Magillrate 
 (hall fine him One Hundred Pu7u of Ccwries, 
 
 When a Sooder, or a Sinajfee^ is performing a Scradeh, or a Worfhip to- 
 Demtah, if, upon an Invitation from fuch Men, a Bramin fliould eat or drinlc 
 there, or if a Man takes an Oath which does not belong to him to take, or 
 if a Man fhould perform any A61 which he is not permitted by the Sbnjier to 
 perform, or if a Man hath adminiftered any fuch Kind of Philter, fo that 
 there is no Fruit produced by the Trees, or caufes a Cow to take fuch a 
 Medicine as that fhe brings forth no Calf, or if a Man, having concealed 
 any Partnerfhip Property, converts it to his own Ufe, or if a M.m of the 
 Arzal, or low Caft, intentionaUy ftrikes with his Hand a Bramin, a ChehiereSj. 
 or any other fuch fuperior Call, the Magiftrate fliall fine the Offender, in. 
 any of thefe Cafes, One Hundred IPuns of Coijories. 
 
 If a Father forfakes a Son, who has no Stain upon his Charaflsr, fuch as 
 the Lois of Caft and fuch other difgraceful Circumftances, or if a Son, of his 
 own accord, forfakes his Father, who has no Stain upon his Chirafler, or if 
 a Friend forfakes his Friend, who is without Blemifh, or if a Brother forfakes 
 a Brother, without Difcovery of any Fault in him, or if a Hufband forfakes 
 his Wife, without Fault in her, then, if any of th.ef^, if both the Parties are 
 unfit for Bufinefs, and have no Remedy but that of Separation, the Magif- 
 trate fhall fine the forfaking Party One Hundred Funs of Coiiries -, if, without 
 any Reafon, but merely their own Choice, the one forfakes the other, the 
 Magiftrate ftiall fine \\\m Two Hundred Puns cf Cowries \ if of tl;e Two 
 Parties one is fit for Bufinefs and the other unfit, then, if the unfit Perfon, 
 
 of
 
 ( 302 ) 
 
 of his own. Choice, quits the other, the Maglflrate fliall fine him Six Hundred 
 Puns of Cowries. 
 
 ; If one Perfon be going on a Road, and another be coming on it, then, 
 whomfoever the Ordinations of the Shajler require to give up the Way to the 
 other, that Perfon fhall give way accordingly : — The Diftinftions of giving 
 way are as follows : If one Man is blind, and the other hath his Sight, this 
 latter (hall give way to the Blind ; if one Perfon be deaf, and the other hath 
 his perfefl Hearing, the latter fliall give way to the Deaf: A Man fliali give 
 way to a Woman, and a Man empty-handed fliall give way to a Man with a 
 Burden; the Subje6l fliall give way to the Magiflirate, the Pupil to the Spi- 
 ritual Guide; and fo always an inferior Perfon fliall give way to a fuperior, 
 and an inferior Caft: to a fuperior, and an inferior Degree of Knowledge to a 
 fuperior Degree ; a Man in Health fliall give way to a fick Perfon -, and all 
 Perfons fliall give way to a Bramin: If any Perfon doth not give way ac- 
 cording to this Rule, the Magifl;rate fliall fine him Twenty Puns of Cowries* 
 
 If a Man doth not give a Carpet to fit on, to fuch Perfon as he ought to 
 prefent with fuch a Seat, or doth not treat with proper Veneration a Perfon 
 to whom Veneration is due, or who, negleding a faultlefs Bramin in his 
 Neighbourhood, invites a Bramin from a conflderable Difl:ance, or who, 
 having invited any Perfon, doth not offer him any Thing to eat, or who, 
 Jiaving accepted an Invitation, doth not go to the Houfe whither he was in- 
 vited accordingly, the Magifl:rate Ihall fine the OiTendtr, in fuch Cafes, One 
 MaJJjeh of Gold. 
 
 If a Man, having accepted anothers Invitation, doth not eat at his Houfe, 
 ^then he fliall be obliged to make good all the Expcnce that was incurred in 
 confequence of the Invitation. 
 
 If
 
 { 303 ) 
 
 If the Magiftratc appoints any Man upon the Road to this Effeil, to t.ikc 
 a Toll from all Paflengers going or coming by Water, and that Man levies a 
 Toll upon thofe who come or go by Land, the Magiftrate lliall fine him lea 
 Puns of Cowries'y in the fanie Manner, if he has appointed him to the Land 
 Colledions, and he levies any Tiling from the PalTengers by Water, the Ma- 
 giflrate Hiall then alio fine him Ten Puns of Cozvries. 
 
 If any Man goes to a Woman, and forcibly commits Adultery with her, 
 and that Woman, from Balhfulncis and Modelty, exclaims, that Thieves at- 
 tac-ked her Houfe, then the Magiflrate fhall fine that Woman Five Hundred 
 I'uns of Cowries, 
 
 If any Man forcibly commits Adultery with a Woman, and the Woman, 
 
 by Exclamations, being defirous to call the Neighbourhood, the Man gives hcrr 
 
 / Something as a Bribe, fo as to make her defift from her Exclamations, then, 
 
 whatever Bribe the Woman hath taken, in fuch a Cafe, the Magiftrate Hiall fine 
 
 her Eight Times as much. 
 
 If a Man, faying, that the Cloaths, which he has taken from the Body of 
 fbme deceafed Perfon, are fit for Ufe, and valuable, fells them as fuch, or,with- 
 Gut the Order of the Magiflrate, rides out with the Dignity of a Magillrace, 
 or fits upon the Muffiud ofthe Magiftrate, the Magiftrate fiiall fine an Offender, 
 in fuch Cafes, Five Hundred Pims of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man performs a Jw^^, to procure the Death of any innocent Pcifon, 
 the Magiftrate fhall fine him Two Hundred Puns of Couries. 
 
 4 Z If
 
 ( 304 ) 
 
 If a Man, to procure the Death of any innocent Perfon, by any Contrivance^- 
 caufes him to drink a Potion, or otherwifc meditates his Death, the Magiftratc 
 ihall fine him Two Hundred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man bores a Hole through any Jewel which is not proper for borings 
 or, in fuCh as are proper for boring, makes a Hole in the wrong Place, or 
 mixes any bafe and worthlefs Article with one that is valuable, the Magif- 
 trate fhall fine him Two Hundred and Fifty Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man felts any Thing unfit to eat, calling it an Eatable, or if any Caft 
 fells any Articles that are forbidden to be fold by that Call, or if a Bramin, 
 quitting his prefcribed Mode of Life, hath adopted other Manners, in any of 
 thefc Cafes, the Magiflrate Ihall fine the Offender One Thoufand Puns of Cow- 
 ries. 
 
 If any Man demolifhes the Bundareh (i. e ) the Treafury and Store- 
 Houfe of the Magiflrate, or performs the Jtigg^ or the Poojeh, or fuch other 
 relitrious Exercifcs, with a malevolent Intent towards the Magiflrate, or if, 
 being appointed to any Bufinefs, he fpoils that Bufmcfs, or if he always takes 
 Bribes, in any of theie Cafes, the Magiflrate, confifcating the whole Property 
 of the Offender, fliall baiiifh him the Kingdom, 
 
 Tv a Man, by cafling Briers into the Road, blocks up the PafTage, or mixes 
 Foifjn v.'iih any Preparation, Salt, or Acid, or Bitter, or Sweet, or who mar- 
 vx'A to a Slave any Woman who is not herfclf a Slave, in luch Cafes, the Ma- 
 rilliate fhall cut off One of the Offender's Limbs; if he is always guilty of 
 thefc rradtices, the MagiRrate fhall put him to Death. 
 
 In
 
 { 305 ) 
 
 4 
 
 In anyPlace where the Magiftratc is playing with anyPerfon at Chdperlazcey 
 or at Tables, or any other fuch Kind of Game, in that Cafe, if any Perfon, 
 without Permiflion of the Magiftrate, interpofes with his Hand, or by fpeak- 
 ing, the Magiftrate fhall put him to Death. 
 
 If any Man, without Permiirion of the Magiftratc, drefles himfclf in 
 Cloaths like thofe of the Magiftrate, or who, being appointed to an Office ia 
 the Magiftrate's Service, continually neglefts his Duty, to employ himfeif iri 
 idle Amufcments, or to hear Singing, or, in any otherDiflipation, mifpends his 
 Time, or who collects a greater Revenue than the Magiftrate hath ordered, or 
 who aims at the Magiftracy, without being defcended from the Magiftratc'* 
 Family, in fuch Cafes, the Magiftrate fhall put the Offender to Death. 
 
 If a Man, for his own Advantage, makes any falfe Entry in the Magii- 
 trate's Books, or, having difcovered a Thief, or an Adulterer, fuftcrs him to 
 efcape unpunifhed, the Magiftrate fhall fme hini One Thoufand Puns of 
 Cowries, 
 
 If a Man, of his own Invention, fays, that the Magiftrate has intrufted to 
 him the DifcufTion of any particular Affair, which, in fa<5l, the Magiftrate liar, 
 not fo intrufted, and, upon this AfTertion, has caufed Damage to any Perfons, 
 the Magiftrate, in that Cafe, Ihall fine him to the Extent of his Abilities ; if 
 he be more than once guilty of tiie f.ime Offence, he fhall cut oft One of his 
 Limbs J if he hath a violent Propenfity to iuch Crimes, he ftiall put hini to 
 Death. 
 
 If any Man difobeys the Order of the Magiftrate, which may be executed^ 
 and which is proper, the Magiftrate ihall cut oft from him a Hand, or a Foot,. 
 
 Of
 
 ( 3o6 ) 
 
 or fotne other Limbj if he always offends in this Manner, he fhall put him 
 to Death. 
 
 If a Man makes complaint before the Maglflrrate againft the Magiftrate's 
 Counfellor, without any real Fault in him, or performs any Bufinefs or 
 Service for the Magiflrate's Accufer, the Magiitrate fhall put him to Death. 
 
 If the Magiflrate's Officer hath brought before the Magiflrate any Perfon 
 for any Crime, and, upon the Magiflrate's examining that Perfon, he fhould 
 deny the Crime laid to his Charge, then, even if a fmall Offence be proved 
 againft him, upon a trifling Crime, the Magiflrate fhall levy a great Fine. 
 
 If a Woman caufes any Perfon to take Poifon, or fets fire to any Perfon's 
 Hpufe, or murders a Man, then the Magiflrate, having bound a Stone to her 
 Neck, fhall drown her, upon Condition of her not being with Child. 
 
 If a Woman murders her Spiritual Guide, or her Hufband, or her Son, 
 the Magiflrate, having cut off her Ears, her Nofe, her Hands, and her Lips, 
 fliall expofe her to be killed by Cows, on Condition of her not being with 
 Child. 
 
 If a Man fpoils any Article made of Leather, or any Wooden or Clay 
 Velfels, the Magifirate fhall fine him Five Times as much. 
 
 Ira Man caufes another to do any bad Aflion, the Magiflrate fliall take 
 from liim Double of the Fine annexed to the Commiffion of any particuhir " 
 Crime : If a Man fays to another, " Do you commit this bad Ad:ion, I will 
 ftand to all the Expences that may arife," then the Magiflrate fliall fine him 
 Four Times as much. 
 
 If
 
 ( 307 ) 
 
 If a Man caules another to begin any badA6lIon, or fliewsjiim thcWay to 
 commit a bad A6tion, or furniflies him with any Implements for the CommifTDn 
 of it, or who, fufpcding that the other Perfon is a Thief, gives him a Piacc 
 where to refide, in thefe Cafes, the Magiilrate fliall fine him to the Extent of 
 his Abilities. 
 
 When a Man hath murdered another,- if a third Perfon, who had Pov/er 
 to reftrain the Murderer, ncglc6led to do it, or, not having Power of himfclf 
 to reftrain the Murderer, yet, by fpeaking to another Perfon, could have 
 caufed him to be reftrained, and neglefted to fpeak, or when the Magiftratc 
 is prepared to chaftife any Perfon, if another, at that Time, relates his FauKs, 
 or when a Man tells another, that he is defirous to commit a bad Action, it the 
 other advifes him thereto, the Magiftrate, in thefe Cafes, fliall fine the Offender 
 to the Extent of his Abilities. 
 
 •If a Man, having committed a bad Action, fhould fay, in Prefence of the 
 Mao-iftrate, or of a confiderable Number of Perfons, that he hath committed 
 fuch Crime, the Magiftrate fliall cxad frum him but Half the Fine. 
 
 If a Man in immediate Danger of his Life, by committing a badA6tion,can 
 fave his Life, in that Cafe, the Magiftrate ftiall not fine him. 
 
 If a Man of Veracity and general good Princi]'>les ignorantly commits any 
 bad Adion, the Magiftrate fliall not fine him. 
 
 If a Man^ intending to commit a bad Acflion, hath proceeded fo far as to 
 commit fome little Part of that bad Adion, the Magiftrate fl-^all fine him One 
 Quarter Part of the whole Mulift ftated for fuch Crime-, if he has proceeded 
 ftill farther in the Commiflion of that Crime, ti.e Magiftrate fliall take from 
 
 ^ A him
 
 C 308- )' 
 
 him One Half of that Fine •, if he completes the faid bad A£kion, he Ihall take 
 the equivalent Fine. 
 
 If a Reyot commits any Crime, the Magiftrate, imniediately upon receiving ' 
 Information thereof, fhall exa6l the Fine, and give him fevere Caution not t^:) 
 commit the fame Crime a Second Time. 
 
 In any Cafe where many Perfons in Confederacy commit any Crime, the- 
 Magiflrate fhall take from each Individual a double Fine. 
 
 i 
 
 t*uNisHMENT is of Two Sorts : The Firfl Corporal, or Infliction of Seve- 
 rity upon the Body, and that is alfo of Two Sor:s ; the Firft binding and 
 lafhing the Body, or cutting off fome of the Limbs; the Second putting to 
 Death: The Stcond Sort of Punifliment is Attachment of Property, and this'-' 
 has various and many Modes. 
 
 If a Man is frequently guilty of any of thofe Crimes, the Fine for which i3 
 Hated at One Fun of Cowries^ the Magiftrate fiiall fine him One Mafheh of 
 Sdver-, if he frequently commits fuch Crimes as are ftated at Ort<i Mcijheh of 
 Silver^ then the Magiflrate fliall fine WimOn^ Cahazuim of Cowries-, if a Man fre- 
 quently commits any of thofe Crimes, the fbated Fine for which is One Cj-- 
 haisoun to Two Hundred and Forty-nine Funs oi Cowries, then the Magiftrate 
 fhall fine him Four Times as much; beyond this, in fuch Sort of Crimes^ 
 ti;ere is no greater Fine. 
 
 » 
 
 In Cafes where the flared Fine to be taken from any Man, for a particular 
 Crime, is One Cahaivun o^ Cowries, if the Magiftrate commits luch Crime, in 
 that Cafe, the afortfaid Magiftrate fhall be fined One Thculand Puns Oi Cowries. 
 
 If a Man of the ArzalQdSk, after Contafl, of whom Wafliing is neceffary, 
 or if a Man fprnng from the Wom.b of a Woman of fuperior Cafl, and from 
 
 the
 
 ( 309 ) 
 
 the Loins of a Man of meaner Caft, or if a Woman, or a ChilJ, or a Man irr 
 Neccflity, commit any Fault, the Magiftrate, from fuch Perfons, (hall not exad 
 any Fine. 
 
 .In Crimes where a Man*s whole Property is to be taken as the Fine for 
 them, if Painters commit fuch a Crime, the Magiftrate, giving to them the* 
 nccelTary Implements for Painting, fhall confifcate the whole of their Pro- 
 perty. 
 
 If a Man, who gets his Livelihood by Tillage, commits fuch Crime as that 
 his whole Property becomes liable to Confifcation, then the Magiftrate, leaving 
 him fuch Subfiftence and Implements of Tillage as, upon Computation, will 
 ferve till his Crop is ripe, fliall confifcate all the Reft of his Property.   
 
 If Singers, Muficians, or Dancers, commit any fuch Crime as that the 
 whole of their Property becomes liable to Confifcation, then the Magiftrate^, 
 giving them the Implements of their Profeftion, fliall confifcate all the Reft o€ 
 their Property. 
 
 If a Dancing Girl (or common Proftitute) commits fuch Crime as that- 
 all her Property becomes liable to Confifcation, the Magiftrate, giving to her 
 her Cloth, or Carpet, for fitting, her Cloaths, Jewels, and a Place of Abode, 
 fhall confifcate all the Reft of her EffeCls : In the fame Manner, to a Soldier, 
 fhall be given his Implements of War -, and to a Man, exercifing any Pro- 
 feffion, the Implements of that ProfelTion fhall be exempted from the Confif- 
 cation of all the Reft of his Property. 
 
 In Cafes where it is ordered a Man fhall be put to Death, inftead thereof,^ 
 he fhall pay One Hundred AJ}jrufies\ and where it is fpecifivd, that One of 
 his Hands, or One of his Feet fti all be tut ofi", inftead thereof, Jie (hall pay? 
 
 Fifty;.
 
 ( 310 ) 
 
 Fifty JJhrtifics ; and inftead of having Two of his Fingers cut ofF, he fhall pay 
 TvitniY-^wt AJJjrufies 'y fo alfo, where Banifhment from the Kingdom is his 
 Sentence, inilead thereof, he fhall be fined Twenty- five Jfirufies. 
 
 If in Two Places Two different Fines are fpecified for the fame Crime, 
 i't muft then be confidered, whether the Offender hath committed this Crime 
 Once only, or repeatedly i if he hath but Once been guilty, then, in the place 
 where a fmalkr Fine is fpecified, according to that Specification he fhall be 
 fined; and if he hath frequently committed the fame Offence, tlien he fhall pay 
 the larger Fine : It fhall be confidered alfo, whether the Criminal be a Man 
 of large or of inconfiderable Property ; if he is a Man of large Property, he 
 fhall pay according to the Specification of the larger Fine •, if he is not a Man 
 of Property, then he fhall be fined according to the fmaller Mul6l fpecified. 
 
 f.v Cafes where it is fpecified, that a Man fhall be fined the fame Mul6l 
 as a Robber, or as an Adulterer, or any other Offender, then, whatever Fine is 
 fpecified to each particular Crime, a Fine of Half as much as that ftated Fine 
 ihall be taktn fiom him. 
 
 If Men of Rank, or of good Principles, or of Learning, commit fuch 
 n Crime as to deferve a capital Punifhment, and are not Men of Property, 
 ihf Magiflrate fhall take from them lefs than One Hundred JJJji'iifies, in pro- 
 portion to their Fortune -, if they frequently commit the fame Crime, the 
 Magiflrate fliall confifcate all their Property, by way of Fine, and fhall banifli 
 them the Kingdom. 
 
 If a Brcimifi, who hath always aded in conformity to the Bei^s, commits 
 fuch a Crime as to defcrve capital Puniflimenr, then the Magiflrate, to pre- 
 vent h^m in future from the Commifhon of fuch Crimes, fliall confine him 
 Jn perpetual Imprifonment: If n Chebtereef oi Bice^ or Soockr, is unable to 
 
 pay
 
 I 3- ). 
 
 pay fuch Fine as Is ordained by the Shajler^ the Magidrate fhall caufe them 
 to labour in lieu of fuch Fine; but he fliall not caufe a Bramhi to labour la 
 this Manner, but Ihall take the Fine from him by fmall Proportions. 
 
 If a Woman of Property commits a Crime, the IVIagiftrate (hall fine her-, 
 if flie hath no Property, he fhall chaftife her. 
 
 If a Child, or an old and impotent Perfon, or a fjck Man out of Ignorance, 
 or an Idiot, commits any Crime, the Magiftrate fhall not take any Fine from 
 fuch Perfons, but lliall chaftifc them. 
 
 If a Bram'tn goes to wait upon a Magiftrate, the Servants and Dcrbans fhall 
 not obftrud: his Entrance, but fhall give him a ready Admittance. 
 
 If a Bramin be PafTenger in a Boat, he fhall not pay any Cowries to the 
 Watermen, and he fhall enter into the Boat before any of the other Paffcngers, 
 and fhall alfo come out before them. 
 
 If a Bramin^ having purchafed any Goods, be PafTenger in a Boat, he fhall 
 not pay any Thing to the Waterman, upon Suppofition that he has not bought 
 thofe Goods for Traffick or Sale. 
 
 If a Man borrows Honey, or Sugar, or Salt, and does not repay it in the 
 Space of Fifty Months, he ftiall be obliged to give Eight Times as much. 
 
 If a Man hath borrowed any Seed, he fhall be obliged to return Six Times 
 as much, upon Suppofition that he does not repay it in the Space of Fifty 
 Months. 
 
 5 B If
 
 { 3^2 ) 
 
 If a Man hath intrufted, to be tended by a Herdfman, a Cow, or a Female 
 Buffalo, and hath ftipulated fome Milk for the Herdfman's Wages, then, upon 
 the Owner's negleding, for a long Time, to take back fuch Cow or Buffalo, 
 the Herdfman Ihall take the Calves produced from them as his own Property. 
 
 Exclusive of thofe Articles fold by Weight, of which mention is made in 
 the Chapter of Borrowing, if a Man borrows any other Article that is fold 
 by Weight, and does not repay it for a long Space of Time, he fhall be obliged 
 to give Eight Tim.es as much. 
 
 If a Man, having been Lofer at any Game, hath, for a long Time, omitted 
 to pay the Wager ftipulated thereupon, he neverthelefs fhall not pay Intciefl 
 upon it. 
 
 If a Man hath by Slight and Cunning taken any Thing from another, that 
 Perfon, at the Time of recovering his Property, fhall not receive any Intereft 
 thereon. 
 
 If a Man, depofiting a Pledge with any Perfon, borrows Money of him, and 
 the Pledge by any unexpefted Accident be deftroyed, then the Borrower fhall 
 commit fome other Article to the Lender's Charge, until Repayment of the 
 Money, or fliall repay the Money upon tlie Spot. 
 
 If a Pledge, in the Hands of a Creditor, be deflroyed by any Fault of the 
 Creditor, then, fuppofing the Value of the Pledge to be equivalent to the 
 Money lent, the Borrower fhall not make good the Debt; if the Value tht-reof 
 be lefs than equivalent, the Borrower fhall make good the Amount of the" De- 
 ficiency i if the Price of the Pledge be more than equivalent to the Money 
 
 borrowed,
 
 ( 3^3 ) 
 
 borrowed, the Debt fhall go in Part Payment tliereof, and the Creditor 
 fhall be obliged to make good the Remainder. 
 
 If a Father, having borrowed Money, from abfolure Inability, ne?lc<5l5 to 
 pay the fame, his Son, if able to furnifh the Money, fhall pay the Debt. 
 
 If a Hufband borrows Money, his Wife fhall not repay it-, if a Son bor- 
 rows Money, the Mother fhall not pay the Debt j if they have incurred the 
 Debt by mutual Confcnt, the Mother mufl pay it. 
 
 If a Creditor Once only obliges his Debtor to perform any Labour on Ac- 
 count of the Debt, which is not proper for that Debtor to perform, the Ma- 
 giftrate fhall fine that Creditor Two Hundred and Fifty Pufis of Ccuries, 
 
 If a Min, having incurred a Debt, is unable to pay it, on Account of a 
 Famine, or any fuch Calamity, the Creditor fhall be contented to receive the 
 Money in fmall Proportions, and fhall not exercife any violent Severity againd 
 the Debtor. 
 
 If a Man b>ings a Claim againfl any Perfon, faying, " You owe me a Sum 
 of Money," and that Perfon denies the Debt, then, upon the Creditor's proving 
 the Debt, that Perfon, if he be rich, fhall be fined Twice as much as the Debt -, 
 if he be a Man of inconfiderable Property, he fhall be fined a Sum equivalent 
 to the Debt. 
 
 If a Man, having borrowed Money of feveral Lenders, hath purchafed 
 Goods therewith, and ail the Creditors afTemble together at Once, and the 
 Debtor hath no immediate Means of paying them, then whatever Goods \\c 
 hath purchafed with each Creditor's Money fliall be fold, to repay each Credi- 
 tor rcfpedtively. 
 
 When
 
 i 2H ) 
 
 Whem a Debtor hath paid his Creditor the Sum of his Debt, he fhall receive 
 'his Bond back from the Creditor, and fhall tear it; andlhall alfo take a written 
 Releafe or Receipt from the Creditor. 
 
 If a Man hath borrowed Money from a Lender, and hath not given a Bond, 
 but there be WitnelTes to the fame, then, at the Time of Repayment, the 
 Money fhall be delivered in Prefcnce of the fame WitnefTes. 
 
 If any Man, having been expelled and excommunicated from his Cafl, per- 
 forms the Fera/Jjchuly or Kxpidtion, then, during his Life-Time, his Son, and 
 Grandfon, and luch other natural Heirs, fhall not become pofTefTed of hisEftatCi 
 but his Property fliall be divided among them, according to their Right of 
 Inheritance. 
 
 If there are Two, or Four, or more Heirs, and One or Two of them, by 
 applying to Ufe the Partnerfhip Property, acquire fome Profit from thence, 
 then all the Partners, according to their Property in the Stock, fhall receive a 
 Share of the Profit; but he who acquired this Profit fhall divide their Pro- 
 perty into equal Shares, and firfl fhall take One Share thereof to himfelf, and of 
 the refl they all Ihall take Shares refpedively, according to their Proportion of 
 the Stock: But this Ordination is only to be underflood in Cafes of unequal 
 Sliares in a Joint Concern ; if the Shares of all tlie Partners are equal, then 
 Jie who acquired the Profit thereon fhall receive Two Shares, and the others 
 ifhall each receive One Share. 
 
 If the feveral Partners have an equal Right to a Female Slave, or to a Slave, 
 then all the Partners fhall exad: an equal Portion of Service from that Slave, 
 JOT Female Slave. 
 
 If
 
 ( 315 ) 
 
 If any One of the Partners hath concealed any Part of the Joint Property, 
 then, upon Difcovery thereof, fuch concealed Property fliall be divided amon 
 the Partners ; but they Ihall not receive any Share of that Property which hat! 
 already been divided. 
 
 o 
 I 
 
 If a Man hath forcibly taken any Thing from another, or forcibly caufcJ 
 him to fign any Writing, or by Violence expended any of his Property, it ii 
 not approved. 
 
 If a Man, by forcible Means, or, by any deceitful Artifice, hath fold any 
 Thing, or managed any other Tranladion, it is not approved. 
 
 If, during the Night-Time, or in a concealed Part of the Houfe, or with- 
 out the Precin6ls of the Town, or in fuch other concealed and fufpicious 
 Places, a Man hath bought and fold any Thing, or managed any other Tranf- 
 aftion, it is not approved. 
 
 If a Woman, or a Perfon intoxicated, or an Idiot, or a fick Perfon, or a 
 Child, or a Man under violent Dread, hath performed any Tranfadlion, it is 
 not approved. 
 
 Exclusive of the Plaintiff and Defendant, and the Vakeel^ or the Son, or 
 the Slave of the Plaintiff and Defendant, if any other Perfon takes upon him 
 to fettle the Affairs, it is not approved. 
 
 If a Man doth not give up Goods intrulled to him, when the Perfon who 
 intruded them demands the fame, then, if he be rich and void of Religion, the 
 Magillrate fhall fine himTwice as much as the Value of the Goods in Truft i if 
 
 5 C he
 
 ( 3i6 ) 
 
 he is not a Man of Property, nor void of Religion, he lliall only fine him an 
 Equivalent. 
 
 If a Man ignorantly, without any accidental Calamity, fpoils Goods in- 
 trufted to him, in that Cafe, he is not to make good the whole of the EfFedls in 
 Truil, but he fhall pay fomewhat lefs than theValueof the Property intruded 
 to him, and the Sons of that Perfon are not to pay any Part thereof. 
 
 If the Goods inTruft be fpoiled by the Fault of the Sons, then the Sons alfo 
 fhall pay. 
 
 When a Pupil takes Leave of his Mafter, after having been intruded in 
 any Science, the Mafter, upon giving him his Difmiffion, fnall give him fome 
 Money, according to the Extent of his Abilities. 
 
 If a Man, having received Service at the Hands of a Servant, doth not pay 
 him his Wages, the Magiftrate Ihall caufe him to pay the Wages, and fhall 
 alfo fine him. 
 
 If a Man hath married any Female Slave, he becomes the Slave of the 
 Owner of that Female Slave, in cafe he is not already the Slave of any Perfon ; 
 if he is the Slave of any Perfon, and marries that Female Slave, with the 
 Confent of his Mafter, he then alfo becomes the Slave of the Ov/ner of the 
 Slave Girl. 
 
 If a Marriage is contracted between a Slave and a Slave Girl, without the 
 Confent of the Owner of the Slave, or that of the Owner of the Slave Girl, then 
 the Slave continues to belong to his original Owner, and the Female Slave alfo 
 remains with her original Ownei-s. 
 
 I?
 
 ( 317 ) 
 
 If any Perfon's Cow, being covered by another Perfon's Bull, (hould pro- 
 duce a Calf, then the Owner of the Cow fliall have the Calf, and the Owner 
 of the Bull fhall not have Power to lay any Claim to it. 
 
 If a Man, having purchafed any Goods, doth not pay the Toll thereon in 
 th^Bazar^ or at ihcChokey, the Magiftrate fhall take Eight Times as much as 
 theToll from him ; if thatPerfon, for the Sake of avoiding Payment of Toll,. 
 quits the right Roid and cakes another, the Magiftrate fhall confifcatc all his. 
 P-roperty. 
 
 If a Man, to avoid paying Toll, doth not fell his Goods at the ref^ular 
 Hours of Sale, but fells them privately, the Magiftrate fliall fine him Eic^ht 
 Times as much. 
 
 In a Tranfaftion of returning purchafed Goods, if the Purchafer returns 
 fuch Articles within the Time limited for that Purpofe, in the Chapter of 
 Buying and Selling, then he fhall divide that Space of Time into Three Parts; 
 if he returns the Goods within the Space of the Firft Divifion of Time, it is 
 of no farther Confequence •, if he returns them within the Second Divifion of 
 Time, he fliall give One Thirtieth of the Price of the Article, together with 
 the Article returned to the Seller; if within the Third Spjce of Time, he 
 then fliall give to the Seller One Fifteenth of the Price ot the Article, tosether 
 with theArticle fo returned •, and, after the Expiration of that Space of Time,, 
 purchafed Articles muft not be returned. 
 
 In the Chapter of Buying and Selling, according to the Space of Time 
 therein limited for returning purchafed Goods, if a Man, having bou;.ht 
 any Commodity, returns it after the Expiration of that Period, or, having 
 
 fuld.
 
 ( 3i8 ) 
 
 fold any Articles, takes them back again, the Magiflrate Ihall-fine that 
 Pel Ton Six Hundred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man, having purchafed a Cow or a BnfFalo that gives Milk, returns 
 it within the Period of Time limited for fuch Returns, he (liall, upon return- 
 ing the fame, give One Tenth of the Price thereof to the Seller-, in returning 
 purchafed Cows or Buffaloes, there is no Divifion of the limited Period into 
 Three Parts, as before. 
 
 If the Purchafer of the Cow or Buffalo hath taken the Purchafe into his 
 ■own Poffcifion, he ihall give to the Seller One Sixth of the Price thereof. 
 
 If a Man gives falfe Teftimony in a Matter of Limits and Boundaries, 
 then the Magiftrate fhall fine him Two Hundred and Fifty Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If that Perfon is an immediate Neighbour to thofe Boundaries, then the 
 Magiftrate (hall fine him Five Hundred Puns of Cowries. 
 
 If a Man fleals any Thread, or Cotton, or Cow Dung, or Grafs, or Water, 
 cr Sugar Cane, or Veflels of Bamboo (that is Cane) or Salt, or Earthen Pots, 
 or Sand, or Duft, or Clay, or Fifh, or Birds, or bitter Oil, or Flefli, or Honey, 
 or Leather, or Ivory, or the Horns of Animals, or Wine, or Viduals, or Fruit, 
 which any Perfon hath bought for his own Ufe, then the Magiftrate, caufing 
 fuch Articles to be returned to the Owners, ftiall fine the Thief One Hundred 
 Puns of Cowries. 
 
 The Shait, or Poojkteh-bundee, is of Two Sorts: The Firft, Khieu (i,e.) a 
 Bridge, through which the Water has free Paffage; the Second, Bundhoo (i. e.) 
 Bank, or Dam, through which the Water does not flow. 
 
 If
 
 ( 319 ) 
 
 If a Manercfbs fuch a Bridge or Bank upon the Land of another Perfon,. 
 and that Perfon fuflains a fmall Injury from the faid Bank, and the Publick 
 receives a material Benefit, then that Perfon is not permitted to interrupt the 
 Progrefs of the faid Poojbtch-hundce. 
 
 If a Man hath eredled a Bridge or Bank upon any particular Spot, from 
 the Conftrudion of which Bridge or Bank the Crops upon other Perfons 
 Grounds are much benefited, this Man harh no Power to claim the faid Crops j 
 but the Owners of the Land lliill poflcfs the Crops refpedively. 
 
 If a Chebteree commits Adultery with a Woman of the Bramin Cafl, who 
 has no Mafter, by her own Confent, the Magiilrate fhall fine the faid Chebteree 
 One Thoufand Puns of Cowries, and fhall caufe the Hair of his Head to be 
 Ihaved off with the Urine of an Afs. 
 
 If any Man ftrikes the Anus of another, the Magiilrate fliall fine him 
 Forty Puns of Cowries. 
 
 Whatever Ordination fuch Bramins as are Pundits delivered to the 
 Reyots from the Shajler, the i^^jc^j fhail acknowledge and o\r:y the fame: 
 W^hoever, being a P^/W//, does not fpcak the Sentiments of the Shajlcr^ the 
 Magiflrate Ihall fine him Two Hundred and Fifty* Puns of Cowries. 
 
 Upon the Magiftrate's having, made a '■'^gular Invefligation, whatever- 
 Orders he fliall iff.ie to any Perfon, if that Fcrfon does not act in confcrniity 
 thereto, the Magiilrate fhall fine him. 
 
 :> 
 
 D Me;
 
 { Z^o ) 
 
 Men that vilify tlie Magiftrate, or Men of innate bad Principles, or Men, 
 who, without Reafon, caufe any internal Uneafinefs to others, the Magiftrate 
 fliall banilh all fuch from the Kingdom. 
 
 If a Man, having always been ufed to eat and drink with another, with- 
 our any Fault of tiut Perfon, will no longer eat and drink with him, then 
 he Magiftrate fhall hold him guilty. 
 
 If feveral Pcrfons in a Confederacy refufe to pay to the Magiftrate his 
 proper Dues, the Magiftrate ftiall exafl Eight Times as much from each 
 
 Individual. 
 
 If any Perfon, having borrowed Money in the Name of feveral Perfons, 
 applies the fame to his own Ufe, that Perfon ftiall be obliged to pay the Debt. 
 
 If the Father or Mother of the Magiftrate, or any Perfon who hath taught 
 the Goileree, or a Child, or a weak old Perfon, or a Man of Rank and Know- 
 ledge in the Beids of the Shafter^ and who afts in conformity to the Beids, or a 
 Kixifman and Relation of the Magiftrate, commits a Fault, the Magiftrate 
 ftiall not take a pecuniary Fine from fuch Perfons, nor ftiall cut oft^ their 
 Limbs, but ftiall utter fevere Expreflions of Wrath againft them. 
 
 If a Sinajfee^ or a Ban Perujl^ or a Berhemcharry\ commits any Crime, the 
 Magiftrate ftiall not take from them any pecuniary Fine, and fliall not cut 
 off* the Limbs of fuch Perfons, but ftiall anathematize them. 
 
 There is no Crime in the World fo great as that of murdering a Bramin\ 
 wherefore the Magiftrate ftiall never defire ihe Death of a Bramin, nor ftiall he 
 ever cut off his Limbs. 
 
 If
 
 ( 321 ) 
 
 If a Eramin is guilty of drinking Wine, he fhall be branded in the Fore- 
 head with the Sooradhuch :—Sooradhuch is that, at the Time of drinking Wine, 
 upon turning down the Cup, in luch Manner as that the Wine falls from the 
 Mouth of the Cup i in the fame Form, they fliall brand the Broimns Forehead 
 with a hot Iron. 
 
 If a Bramin commits Adultery with any of his Father's Wives, exclufivc 
 of his own Mother, the Magiftrate Ihall brand him with a hot Iron in the 
 Forehead with the Mark of the Pudendum Muliebre, 
 
 If a Bramin hath murdered another Bratnin^ the Magiftrate fliall brand 
 him in the Forehead with the Mark of a Man without a Head. 
 
 Every Bramin^ who does not every Day a6t according to the Shajlcr, and 
 who afts in contradiction to the Shajler, fliall be confined in Prifon by the 
 Magifl:rate, until fuch Time as he reverts to the Duties of his Religion -, if he 
 never reverts to the Duties of hisReligion, he fliall be baniflicd the Kingdom. 
 
 The Magiftrate fliall not take any of the Property termed AQha Pa'.uk 
 (a Defcription of which is to be found in the Chapter oi Pak-PariJIo) if he 
 takes a Fine from thence, he fliall caft: it into the Water, or fliall give it to 
 fuch Bramin as is firm in his Religion, and who acfts in conformity to the 
 Beids ; if the Magiftrate doth not appropriate to himfelf the Property called 
 Maha Patuk, but ads according to what is herein enjoined, then the Lives of 
 Men are prolonged in his Kingdom, and Learning flouriflies there, and 
 beautiful Children are propagated there. 
 
 From a Man that is rich, a larger Fine than that refpeclively fpecified 
 ^ali be taken, that, feeling the Inconveniencies of the Mul<5l, from the Fear 
 
 thereof.
 
 ( 3" ) 
 
 thereof, he may be rcftrained from tlie Commifllon of fuch Crimes a Second 
 Time. 
 
 After being acquainted with the Fines dated for each particular Species 
 of Theft, as mentioned in the Chapter of Theft, if a Sooder commits tt 
 Robbery, he fhall pay Eight Times as much ; if a Bice^ he fhall pay Sixteen 
 Times as much •, if a Chehteree^ he fhall pay a Fine of Thirty-two Times as 
 much J if he be a Bramhj, he fhall pay Sixty-four Times as much ; if he be 
 a Brmnin of extenfive Knowledge, he fhall pay One Hundred Times as much -, 
 if he be a Man of the greateft Rank, he fhall be fined One Hundred and 
 Twenty Times as much. 
 
 According to the Ordinations delivered in this PooUe, or Compilation, 
 the Magiftrate fhall adminifler Juftice ; if any IMatter Ihould come before 
 him, which is not included herein, he fhall confider the general Scope of this 
 Peotee^ and judge accordingly, and fine proportionably •, and in fuch Cafes 
 where the Fine is not particularly fpecified, he fhall inveftigate the Affair, 
 and take a Fine. 
 
 THE END. 
 
 
 ♦^^
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 
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 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below 
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