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 I NEW YORK -CINCINNATI -CHICAGO g 
 AMERICAN - BOOK ~ COMPANY | 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 FROM THE LIBRARY OF 
 
 PROFESSOR FELICIEN VICTOR PAGET 
 
 BY BEQUEST OF MADAME PAG.ET 
 NO. 
 
 F*, 
 
COMPLIMENTS 
 
 AMERICAN BOOK CO. 
 
 A. F. QUNN, Gen'l Ag% 
 
 2O4 PINE STREET, 
 SAN FRANCISCO. 
 

INTRODUCTORY 
 
 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 BY 
 
 VICTOR E. FRANCOIS 
 
 INSTRUCTOR IN FRENCH IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 
 
 NEW YORK : CINCINNATI . : CHICAGO 
 
 AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY 
 
COPYRIGHT, 1899, BY 
 V. E. FRANCOIS. 
 
 INTROD. FRENCH PROSE COMP. 
 W. P. 3 
 
PREFACE 
 
 THIS book is supposed to be used with students who 
 have already gained some knowledge of French grammar; 
 that is to say, after the first year in the high school or 
 the first semester in college, although it may be employed 
 sooner with satisfactory results. 
 
 It may be advisable, in the interests of young teachers, 
 to say a few words of the method to be pursued with this 
 book. First, it will' be noticed that any grammar may be 
 referred to. Suppose the teacher assigns the first exercise 
 for the next day. At the beginning, he may indicate the 
 paragraphs to be reviewed, but the student himself may, 
 at all times, find them in the table of contents of his gram- 
 mar. The day the teacher gives out the lesson, he should 
 read aloud the French text and have the students repeat 
 it after him, in order to be sure that they know the cor- 
 rect pronunciation of every word. At home, they must 
 prepare aloud the transposition and questions with an- 
 swers and write out the exercise on Grammar and the 
 translation. 
 
 Transposition. The second lesson is to begin with 
 transposition, which will be found the best possible exer- 
 cise for the quick and intelligent mastering of French 
 yerbs. The teacher assigns different forms to different 
 students. He himself reads the French text, sentence 
 
 3 
 
4 PREFACE 
 
 after sentence, the students repeating it after him with ail 
 the required changes. For example : 
 
 The Teacher: Mme. S. compte visiter 1' Europe 1'ete pro- 
 chain. 
 
 Student No. I : Comptes-tu visiter 1' Europe 1'ete prochain ? 
 
 Student No. 2 : Oui, je compte visiter 1'Europe 1'ete pro- 
 chain. 
 
 Student No. 3 : Comptez-vous visiter 1' Europe 1'ete pro- 
 chain ? 
 
 Student No. 4 : Oui, nous comptons visiter T Europe 1'ete 
 prochain. 
 
 Student No. 5 : Comptent-ils visiter 1' Europe 1'ete pro- 
 chain ? 
 
 Student No. 6: Oui, ils comptent visiter 1'Europe 1'ete 
 prochain. 
 
 and so on with every sentence. The other students may 
 be requested to correct their classmates' mistakes. 
 
 Questions. At the start, the teacher himself will ask 
 the questions, but soon he may select a student to do 
 it. The teacher ought to be careful to require a full 
 answer to every question and, after the fifth exercise, to 
 oblige his scholars to use personal pronouns as subjects 
 and objects as often as possible. Of course all books 
 should be put aside. When Part II. is reached, the 
 students may be asked to form questions themselves. 
 
 Grammar Drill. This work must be done with the 
 help of the grammar, after a thorough review of the sub- 
 jects indicated at the head of the French text. 
 
 Translation. The student is now expected to know 
 the equivalents of words, forms, and idioms which will be 
 
PREFACE 5 
 
 met with in this part. Therefore, he should never write 
 out his translation before he has been carefully through 
 the preceding parts of the exercise. To prevent this, some 
 teachers may find it wiser to have the transposition work 
 and the answers to the questions written out The cor- 
 rection of written exercises may be made in class on the. 
 blackboard or at home by the teacher. He may also, 
 from time to time, dictate his own translation and have 
 the students spell in French the most difficult words. If 
 an exercise is considered too long for one lesson, it may 
 be easily divided. For the third lesson, besides a new 
 exercise, the scholars must study the corrected ^vork and 
 be able to render it into French without the least hesi- 
 tation. Frequent general reviews should be given, so 
 that every member of the class may be perfectly familiar- 
 ized with all important words, constructions, and idiomatic 
 expressions. 
 
 As to the text on which the exercises are based, the 
 story in Part II. is taken from an Italian grammar by 
 G. Simler (Frankfort on the Main, 1874), but has been 
 considerably shortened and altered to suit the purposes of 
 this book. The text of Part I., however, which presents 
 a systematic review of the elements of the French gram- 
 mar, is original. The vocabulary which will be found 
 at the end of the book is intended to contain all the 
 
 French words used in both parts. 
 
 V. E. F. 
 
PART I 
 
 EN ROUTE! 
 
 EXERCISE I 
 1. Text 
 
 Formation of tenses, . Present indicative, past indefinite or perfect 
 
 and future of to be, ; of to have, ; of regular verbs, . 
 
 Definite and indefinite articles, . Feminine and place of adjec- 
 tives, . Interrogatives, , and formation of questions in 
 
 French, . 
 
 Madame S. compte visiter 1' Europe 1'ete prochain. Elle 
 a envie de passer une anne"e en France, en Angleterre, en 
 Allemagne, en Suisse et en Italic. Elle desire voyager 
 par eau et par terre, en paquebot, en voiture, en chemin 
 de fer, en omnibus, a pied, a cheval ou a bicyclette. Quel 
 beau voyage! Elle traversera 1' Ocean Atlantique sur un 
 grand bateau. Elle a deja demande le plan de La Tou- 
 raine a la Compagnie Generale Transatlantique. Elle a 
 Tintention de choisir une cabine de premiere. Elle a aussi 
 achete une malle, une petite valise et une belle couverture 
 de voyage. 
 
 2. Transposition 
 
 1. Replace Mme. S. by tu and use the interrogative form. 
 
 2. Replace Mme. S. byje and use the affirmative form. 
 
 3. Replace Mme. S. by vous and use the interrogative form. 
 
 4. Replace Mme. S. by nous and use the affirmative form. 
 
 5. Replace Mme. S. by Us and use the interrogative form. 
 
 6. Replace Mme. S. by Us and use the affirmative form. 
 
 7 
 
8 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 3. Questions 
 
 1. Mme. S., que compte-t-elle visiter? 
 
 2. Quand compte-t-elle visiter 1'Europe? 
 
 3. Ou a-t-elle envie de passer une annee ? 
 
 4. Comment desire-t-elle voyager ? 
 
 5. Quel ocean traversera-t-elle ? 
 
 6. Qu'a-t-elle deja demande a la Compagnie Generate 
 
 Transatlantique ? 
 
 7. Quelle cabine a-t-elle 1'intention de choisir? 
 
 8. Qu'est-ce qu'elle a aussi achete ? or Qu'a-t-elle aussi 
 
 achete ? 
 
 4, Grammar Drill 
 
 Masculine Singular. The trip; the summer; the rail- 
 road; a steamer; the omnibus; the foot; a horse; the 
 ocean ; a plan ; a great trip ; the beautiful summer ; the 
 Atlantic Ocea*n ; a fine boat ; a general plan ; a small 
 foot ; next summer. , 
 
 Feminine Singular. The land; Europe; Italy; Switzer- 
 land; Germany; France; England; the water; a carriage; 
 the bicycle; a company; the cabin ; a/ftunk; x the year ; a 
 lap robe; the intention; the valise; the Email trunk ; a beau- 
 tiful bicycle ; a large company; the general intentiorf; next 
 year, 
 
 5. Translation 
 
 Do you intend to travel ? Yes, 1 I intend to travel in 
 Europe ; I wish to cross the Atlantic Ocean. What 
 steamer shall you take 2 ? It is my intention 3 to ask 
 the General Transatlantic Company for the plan of La 
 Touraine. La Touraine is a fine boat. What cabin shall 
 you have ? I shall choose a first cabin. When 4 you visit 5 
 Europe next summer, how 4 do you intend to travel, by 
 
EN ROUTE! 9 
 
 rail or on a bicycle ? I have bought a beautiful wheel, 
 but 6 I have also a mind to travel on horseback, on foot, 
 in the omnibus, by rail, and in a carriage. Shall you 
 spend a year in Europe ? Shall you visit Switzerland and 
 Italy ? Yes, I wish to visit England, France, Germany, 
 Switzerland, and Italy. What a great trip ! Have you 
 already bought a large trunk ? No, 7 I have chosen a 
 small trunk, but I have bought a large valise and a lap 
 robe. 
 
 * 1 Oui. 3 / have the intention. 6 mais. 
 
 2 choisir. 4 See 3. 
 
 5 Use the future. 
 
 EXERCISE II 
 6. Text 
 
 Repetition and omission of the definite article, . Plural of nouns, 
 
 , and of adjectives, . Plural of compound nouns, . 
 
 Use of the infinitive after French prepositions, . Use of en 
 
 and dans, . Peculiarity of verbs ending in cer, . 
 
 Quand le moment de partir approchera, la servante de 
 madame S. placera dans la malle le linge, les vetemens, 
 les jolies robes, les manteaux, les bottines, les chapeaux, ' 
 les mouchoirs de dentelle, etc. Pour visiter les pays 
 etrangers, Mme. S. demandera un passeport avec le si- 
 gnalement suivant : taille moyenne, visage ovale, teint 
 frais, cheveux chatains, front haut, sourcils noirs, yeux 
 bleus, nez aquilin, bouche et oreilles petites, etc. 
 
 7. Transposition 
 
 Replace la servante de Mine. S. and Mme. S. by the pronouns je, 
 tu, nous, vous, and elles : ist, with the present indicative; 2d, with the 
 future. 
 
10 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 8. Questions 
 
 1. Qu'est-ce que la servante de Mme. S. placera dans la 
 
 malle ? or la servante de Mme. S., que placera-t-elle 
 dans la malle? 
 
 2. Quels pays Mme. S. a-t-elle 1'intention de visiter ? 
 
 3. Pour visiter les pays etrangers, que demandera-t-elle ? 
 
 4. Quel est le signalement de Mme. S. ? 
 
 9. Grammar Drill 
 
 Masculine Singular. The linen ; the beautiful cloak ; 
 a hat ; the small handkerchief ; a foreign country ; the 
 following description ; a Roman nose ; the complexion ; 
 an oval face ; the forehead. 
 
 Feminine Singular. The maid ; a blue dress ; the 
 boot ; a pretty lace ; the height ; a large mouth ; the ear ; 
 the large ear ; the fresh water. 
 
 Masculine Plural. The clothes ; the cloaks ; the lajge 
 countries ; the beautiful hats ; the omnibuses ; the black 
 horses ; the eyes ; the hair ; the noses ; the dark-brown 
 eyebrows; the fresh complexions. 
 
 Feminine Plural. The beautiful dresses ; the large 
 trunks ; the small valises ; the pretty bicycles ; the waters ; 
 the following carriages ; the foreign laces ; the large lap 
 robes. 
 
 10. Translation 
 
 Do you intend to travel next summer? Do you wish to 
 visit Europe ? Yes, it is my intention a to visit the foreign 
 countries. In what foreign countries do you intend to 
 travel? I have a mind to travel in England, in Germany, 
 in France, in Italy, and in Switzerland. I have chosen a 
 first cabin on the large steamer La Touraine. I have also 
 
EN ROUTE! II 
 
 bought a trunk, a valise, and a lap robe. The maids have 
 put the linen in the large valise and in the trunk the 
 dresses, fine cloaks, lace handkerchiefs, boots, pretty hats, 
 etc. I have asked for a passport with the following 
 description: "I am of average height; 2 I have a small 
 mouth, 3 blue eyes, a high forehead, dark-brown eyebrows, 
 a Roman nose, black hair, a fresh and oval face, a beauti- 
 ful complexion, large ears, small feet," etc. 
 
 1 I have the intention. 
 
 2 / have the height average. 
 
 8 I have the mouth small, and so on with the rest of the exercise. 
 
 EXERCISE III 
 11. Text 
 
 Present indicative, past indefinite, and future of recevoir, . Pos- 
 sessive adjectives, . Translation of it when subject, . 
 
 The indefinite pronoun and adjective tout, . Use of the nega- 
 tion, . Peculiarity of verbs ending in ger, . 
 
 Mme. S. est sur le point d'executer son projet. Elle 
 arrange ses affaires. Elle visite tous ses parents, ses freres, 
 ses soeurs, son oncle et sa tante, ses cousins, ses cousines 
 et ses amis. Elle regoit leurs souhaits de bon voyage. 
 Enfin, 1'heure de son depart arrive: tout est pret. Un 
 fiacre attend la voyageuse a la porte. Elle embrasse les 
 membres de sa famille. Elle ne pleure pas. Adieu ! 
 
 12. Transposition 
 
 Replace Mine. S. by the pronouns ta, VOMS, and Us (present indica- 
 tive and future in the interrogative form) and by the pronouns je* nous* 
 and Us (same tenses in the negative form). The answers should alter- 
 nate with the questions as in Exercise i. 
 
12 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 13. Questions 
 
 1. Qu'arrangez-vous quand vous etes sur le point de 
 
 voyager ? 
 
 2. Qui visitez-vous ? 
 
 3. Que recevez-vous ? 
 
 4. Quand 1'heure de votre depart arrive, tout est-il pret ? 
 
 5. Ou le fiacre attend-il ? 
 
 6. Qui est-ce que vous embrassez ? 
 
 7. Pleurez-vous ? (Negative answer.) 
 
 14. Grammar Drill 
 
 Masculine Singular. My departure ; her foot ; their 
 cab ; your nose ; his friend ; our uncle ; your a trip ; her 
 complexion. 
 
 Feminine Singular. Your height ; our trunk ; my 
 cabin; his wheel; her ear; my intention; your 1 family; 
 his friend. 2 
 
 Masculine Plural. My relatives ; your large steam- 
 ers; her blue eyes; their hats; your 1 good friends; their 
 cousins; our projects; his wishes. 
 
 Feminine Plural. Your business matters; his boots; 
 their pretty dresses; her ears; your good friends; your 1 
 aunts ; our intentions ; my handsome cousins. 
 
 1 Replace by thy. 2 amie. 
 
 15. Translation 
 
 Summer a approaches ; we wish to carry out our plans, 
 and we settle all our business matters. Do you visit your 
 uncles, aunts, brother and sister, cousins 2 and friends 
 when you intend to travel in foreign countries a ? Yes, 
 
EN ROUTE! 13 
 
 we visit all the members of our family, and they bid us 
 good-by. 3 When the hour of yo.ur departure arrives, are 
 you ready ? We are ready ; our trunks and valises are 
 also ready. We are about to depart. We are waiting 
 for the carriage ; at last it arrives. We embrace our 
 relatives, but we do not weep. Farewell ! 
 
 1 Use the definite article. 
 
 2 Masculine and feminine forms. 
 
 3 We receive their wishes for a good trip. 
 
 EXERCISE IV 
 16. Text 
 
 Formation of tenses, . Present participle, imperfect indicative, and 
 
 conditional of regular verbs, ; of recevoir, ; of to be, ; 
 
 and of to have, . Peculiarity of verbs ending myer, . Definite 
 
 article used with of 'or from, to or at, . Use of the past infini- 
 tive after apres, . Formation and place of adverbs, . 
 
 Mme. S. quitte la maison et arrive au fiacre. Le cocher 
 saute du siege pour ouvrir la portiere. La voyageuse 
 place le pied sur le marchepied et monte dans la voi- 
 ture. Le cocher ferme la portiere. Au revoir! Et 
 les chevaux galopent rapidement vers la gare. Bientot 
 elle arrive a destination. Le cocher arrete ses chevaux. 
 Elle descend du fiacre et apres avoir paye le cocher, elle 
 entre dans la salle d'attente. 
 
 17, Transposition 
 
 Replace the present indicative 
 
 1. by the imperfect indicative, 
 
 2. by the future, 
 
 3. by the conditional. 
 
14 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 18. Questions 
 
 1. Mme. S., que quitte-t-elle ? 
 
 2. Ou arrive-t-elle ? 
 
 3. D'ou saute le cocher? 
 
 4. Pourquoi saute-t-il du siege ? 
 
 5. Sur quoi la voyageuse place-t-elle le pied ? 
 
 6. Dans quoi monte-t-elle ? 
 
 7. Ou'est-ce que le cocher ferme ? 
 
 8. Les chevaux ne galopent-ils pas ? 
 
 9. Bientot, ou arrive-t-elle ? 
 
 10. Ou le cocher arrete-t-il ses chevaux ? 
 
 11. Apres avoir paye le cocher, ou Mme. S. entre-t-elle ? 
 
 19. Grammar DriU 
 
 Masculine Singular. At the moment of the departure; 
 to the plan of the steamer ; to the farewell of the friend. 
 
 Feminine Singular. At the door of the house; to the 
 dress of the maid ; to the ear of the friend. 
 
 Plural. To the business of the companies ; at the hats 
 of the coachmen ; to the eyes of the relatives. 
 
 Mixed Forms. To the wishes of the family ; to the 
 waters of the ocean ; to the cabins of the steamers ; at the 
 seats of the carriages ; at the waiting room of the station ; 
 at the feet of the horses ; to the station of the railroad ; 
 to the wheel of the friend ; to the clothes of the traveler 
 (fern.); at the hour; to the foreign countries; to the ocean. 
 
 20, Translation 
 
 The carriage is waiting at the door of the house ; the 
 coachman is on the box of the cab. " Are you about to 
 leave your country to a visit Europe ? Yes, we are 
 
EN ROUTE! 15 
 
 leaving our family and country." You go down, you 
 reach 2 the carriage; everything is ready. You step 
 quickly into the carriage. Good-by ! Your coachman 
 will shut the door of the cab ; he will climb on his box, 
 and his horse will gallop toward the station. You will 
 soon arrive at the door of the waiting room. The coach- 
 man, after stopping his horse, will jump from his seat 
 to l open the door of the carriage. You will put one foot 
 on the step ; you will alight from the cab ; after paying 
 the coachman, you will enter 3 the waiting room of the 
 station. 
 
 1 in order to. 2 arrive at. 3 Supply into. 
 
 EXERCISE V 
 21. Text 
 
 Adverbs of quantity followed by de, . Numbers, . Agree- 
 ment of vingt and cent, . Comparatives, . Demonstra- 
 tives, . Relatives, . 
 
 Mme. S. demande a I'homme qui est au guichet un 
 billet de premiere classe pour New York. " Combien ? 
 Quinze dollars, quatre-vingts cents." Elle tire son porte- 
 monnaie de sa poche et paie ce billet. Elle demande 
 aussi a cet employe : " Le train est-il en retard ? Quelle 
 heure est-il ? " elui-ci respond que le train qu'elle attend, 
 est toujours a Theure et qu'il ne tardera pas a arriver. 
 Cette dame regarde quelle heure il est a sa montre. II 
 est onze heures moins vingt minutes. II y a beaucoup 
 d'autres voyageurs qui attendent 1'arrivee de ce meme 
 train. Elle examine ces futurs compagnons de voyage, 
 ceux qui sont assis sur les banes de la salle d'attente et 
 ceux qui marchent sur le quai. 
 
1 6 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 22. Transposition 
 
 1 . Use in the principal clauses the interrogative form. 
 
 2. Replace Mme. S. by je and use the present indicative in the affirma- 
 
 tive form. 
 
 3. Replace Mme. S. by ///, the present indicative by the imperfect 
 
 indicative, and the future by the conditional. 
 
 4. Replace Mme. S. by je and /'/, and the present indicative by the 
 
 future. 
 
 23. Questions 
 
 1. Cette dame, que demande-t-elle ? 
 
 2. Que tire-t-elle de sa poche ? 
 
 3. Combien paie-t-elle son billet ? 
 
 4. Quelle question adresse-t-elle a 1'employe? 
 
 5. Que repond celui-ci? 
 
 6. Le train tardera-t-il a arriver ? 
 
 7. Quelle heure est-il a la montre de cette dame ? 
 
 8. Qui attend Tarrivee de ce meme train ? 
 
 9. Qui cette dame examine-t-elle ? 
 
 10. Ou sont assis beaucoup de voyageurs? 
 
 1 1. Qui marche sur le quai ? 
 
 24. Grammar Drill 
 
 Masculine Singular. This ticket office; this man; this 
 small man ; that train ; that ocean. 
 
 Feminine Singular. This watch; this water; this good 
 water ; that hour ; that trunk. 
 
 Plural. Those five benches ; these four carriages ; 
 those two men ; these ten hours ; these oceans. 
 
 This pocket-book is that of your brother. 
 That wheel is his sister's. 
 This horse is larger than that of your friend. 
 That watch is smaller than this. 
 
EN ROUTE! 17 
 
 These hats are my uncle's. 
 
 Those houses are their mother's. 
 
 These steamers are larger than those of the General 
 Company. 
 
 Those dresses are finer than these. 
 
 Two trains are approaching ; this one is late, that one is 
 on time. 
 
 3, 13, 28, 51, 66, 76, 81, 84, 99, 117, 679, noo, 1492, 
 1777, 3269, iS,45i> 398,271, 6,821,746. 
 
 25. Translation 
 
 These men intend to travel in 1 1 899.2 O n 3 June 2 1 st, 4 at 
 the hour of departure, these future traveling companions 
 will step into the same cab and will arrive at the station at 
 25 minutes past 7. 5 They will enter the waiting room. 
 Many travelers will be waiting for the train : some 6 will be 
 seated on the benches of the platform; others 7 will be walk- 
 ing about 3 in the waiting room. ly There are always five or six 
 employees in that station. Our friends will ask the one 8 
 who is seated at the ticket office: "What time is it?"- 
 This one will take out his watch and will answer : " It is 
 28 minutes past 7 ; you are on time, but this train is always 
 late this summer. How many tickets do you want ? " 
 "Three." One of these travelers, taking his purse out 
 of his pocket, will pay for his own 3 ticket and those of 
 his friends. " How much ? " "80 dollars." While 9 wait- 
 ing for the coming of their train, they will examine the 
 station; it is smaller but prettier than that at 10 New York. 
 The train for which they wait is not long in coming. 
 
 1 en. 4 the 21 June (juin). 8 a celui. 
 
 2 Do not use figures in this exercise. 5 7 o'clock, 25 minutes. g en. 
 
 3 Omit. Q these. 10 of. 
 
 7 tfiose. 
 
 FR. PROSE COMP. 2 
 
1 8 AX "^ FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 : v* \ 
 
 EXERCISE VI 
 26. Text 
 
 Peculiarity of verbs of the first conjugation in which the last syllable 
 
 of the infinitive is preceded by e mute, . Imperative of regular 
 
 verbs, ; of to be, ; and of to have, . Pronoun on, . 
 
 Possessives, . Personals, disjunctives, , and conjunctives, 
 
 . Place of personal pronouns, . Present and imperfect 
 
 indicative, future, and conditional of pronominal or reflexive verbs, 
 
 .1 
 
 Tout a coup un employe leur annonce 1'arrivee du train. 
 Alors ceux qui ont accompagne a la station leurs parents 
 et leurs amis, se preparent a leur faire leurs adieux. On se 
 serre la main ; on se parle ; on echange beaucoup de com- 
 pliments. "Ayez 1'obligeance de presenter mes respects 
 et ceux de ma famille a Madame votre m&re. Depechez- 
 vous ; voici votre train. Ne manquez pas de nous rappeler 
 au bon souvenir des votres. Occupez-vous de vos bagages : 
 comptez-les. Aimez-vous ces jolies fleurs ? Acceptez-les." 
 "Je vous remercie; vous etes bien aimables." 
 
 27. Transposition 
 
 1. From the beginning to Ayez: 
 
 a. Use the imperfect indicative. 
 
 b. Use the future. 
 
 c. Use the conditional. 
 
 2. From Ayez to the end : 
 
 Use the second person singulai of the imperative. 
 
 N.B. Madame is dropped before ta. 
 
 28. Questions 
 
 (Answers in the Future) 
 
 1. Qui annoncera 1'arrivee du train ? 
 
 2. A qui 1'employe l'annoncera-t-il ? 
 
EN ROUTE! , 1 9 
 
 3. Ceux qui vous auront accompagne a la station, que se 
 
 prepareront-ils a faire ? 
 
 4. A qui serrerez-vous la main ? 
 
 5. Qu'echangerez-vous avec vos parents et vos amis? 
 
 29, Grammar Drill 
 
 Here are two trains : the first is mine ; the other is 
 theirs. 
 
 Here are two flowers : this one is his ; that one is yours. 
 
 My dresses are blue and theirs are black. 
 
 His hair is black and yours is dark -brown. 
 
 Your foot is large and hers is small. 
 
 I speak to you ; I do not speak to him ; speak to her ; 
 do not speak to them. Here is a ticket; I give 1 it to you ; 
 I do not give it to her; give it to me; do not give it to 
 
 hlm - i donner. 
 
 V 
 
 30. Translation 
 
 Your relatives and friends escort you to the station. 
 You are late ; you hurry. You ask the man who is seated 
 at the ticket office for your ticket. 1 He gives it to you. 
 You ask him: "How much?" He answers you: "81 
 dollars." You take your pocket-book out of your pocket 
 and pay him for it. 2 Then you attend to your luggage. 3 
 Suddenly the employees announce to those who are wait- 
 ing for the train that it is coming. Then you get ready 
 to depart ; you thank those who have had the kindness to 
 accompany you. You shake hands with 4 them, you accept 
 the flowers which they present you and exchange many 
 compliments with them. They bid you good-by 5 and you 
 answer them : " You are all very kind to 6 have accom- 
 panied me to the train. I thank you very 7 much. I shall 
 
20 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 not fail to pay your respects and your family's to my 
 mother. I shall remember you to my 8 relatives." 8 
 
 1 you ask your ticket to the man ... 6 See 15, note 3. 
 
 it to him. 6 de. 
 
 8 Plural. 7 Omit. 
 
 See 28, 4. 8 mine (plural). 
 
 
 EXERCISE VII 
 31, Text 
 
 .eview the same rules as for 26. Superlatives, . Translation of 
 
 it is and they are, . ' Peculiarity of some verbs of the first 
 
 conjugation in which the last syllable of the infinitive is preceded 
 by e, . Use of rfest-ce pas, . 
 
 Les parents et les amis des voyageurs continuent a les 
 accabler de conseils et de commissions : " Nous esperons 
 que vous vous amuserez tres bien ; ne vous ennuyez pas 
 trop ; portez-vous aussi bien que possible ; ayez soin de 
 votre sante et de celle de votre petite sceur. Donnez-nous 
 souvent de vos nouvelles, n'est-ce pas ? Nos meilleurs 
 compliments a votre cousine et a la notre; saluez-les 
 pour nous. Pensez a nous tous les jours. Rapportez- 
 nous beaucoup de cadeaux. Avez-vous votre parapluie? 
 Ou est le sien ? Ne les oubliez pas dans le wagon ;^ce sont 
 vos plus beaux. ) Envoyez-nous votre photographic. Nos 
 meilleures amities a vos voisins. Telegraphiez-nous des 
 votre arrivee chez vous. Voila votre train. Encore une 
 poignee de main ! Bon voyage ! " " Merci." 
 
 32. Transposition 
 
 From " Nous espeYons . . ." to the end, replace the first and second 
 persons plural respectively by the same persons in the singular, with all. 
 the required changes. 
 
EN ROUTE! 21 
 
 33. Questions 
 
 1. Vous amusez-vous en voyage ? 
 
 2. Vous ennuyez-vous quand vous voyagez ? 
 
 3. Vous portez-vous bien ? 
 
 4. Avez-vous soin de votre sant6 ? 
 
 5. Donnez-vous souvent de vos nouvelles a votre f amille ? 
 
 6. Pensez-vous a vos amis tous les jours ? 
 
 7. Oubliez-vous quelquefois votre parapluie dans le wagon? 
 
 8. A qui envoyez-vous votre photographic ? 
 
 34. Grammar Drill 
 
 There is an umbrella. Whose l umbrella is it ? It is my 
 umbrella. No, it is not yours. Yes, it is mine ; it is my 
 finest umbrella. 
 
 Here are many photographs. Whose 1 are they ? These 
 are my sister's, and those are mine. I send them to him. 
 Do not send them to us. Send them to me. 
 
 1 to whom (is this umbrella} ? 
 
 35. Translation 
 
 You go on : " Do not overwhelm me with too many 
 errands. I will present your best regards to my cousins l 
 and to yours. I will greet them for you, and will give 
 them the pretty presents which you send them. I like 
 your beautiful photographs, and I accept them. Thanks. 
 I shall think of you every day. I shall not fail to give 
 your love to our kind neighbors. I have forgotten my 
 umbrella and hers ; they are at your house. You will 
 have the kindness to send them to us, will you not? I 
 shall write to you often this summer, but I hope you 2 will 
 not delay in answering us. One more hand shake ! I 
 shall be well; I shall enjoy myself as well as I can; 3 I 
 
22 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 shall not have too dull a time. I shall not count the hours. 
 I shall take care of my health, and I hope you 2 will take 
 the greatest care of yours and his. I thank you for 4 your 
 good advice. I intend to telegraph to you as soon as I 
 reach home. You will not forget to 4 send us our umbrellas, 
 will you ? They are our prettiest ones. 5 We thank you 
 for 4 your kindness." "Pleasant journey!" 
 
 1 Feminine. ,-> * de - 
 
 c . ,, , 3 it will be possible to me. , 
 
 2 Supply that. 5 Omit. 
 
 EXERCISE VIII 
 36. Text 
 
 Partitive article or some and any, . Relatives after prepositions, . 
 
 Apercevoir like recevoir, . Past definite or preterit of regular 
 
 verbs, ; of reflexive verbs, ; ^irece'voir^ ; Qitobe, ; 
 
 and of to have, . 
 
 Mme. S. montre son billet a 1'employe qui est debout a 
 la barriere. Le train arrive a toute vapeur : il s'arrete. 
 En voiture ! Elle se hate de monter dans le wagon et 
 choisit une bonne place. Le train s'ebranle lentement. 
 En route pour New York ! Mme. S. regarde par la fenetre 
 et admire les campagnes dans lesquelles beaucoup de pay- 
 sans et de paysannes travaillent. Elle apergoit aussi de 
 hautes montagnes, des lacs, des collines aux pentes douces, 
 des ruisseaux serpentant dans des pres fleuris, de nom- 
 breux troupeaux et de longues routes sur lesquelles voy- 
 agent des bicyclistes et des pietons. Tantot le train passe 
 dans de longs tunnels et sur de hauts ponts au-dessus de 
 rivieres larges et profondes ; tantot il traverse des champs, 
 de grandes villes, de pauvres villages, des hameaux, des 
 forets et de belles vallees. 
 
EN ROUTE! 23 
 
 37. Transposition 
 
 1. Replace Mme. S. by nous. 
 
 2. Replace Mme. S. by elles and the present by the imperfect indica- 
 
 tive (interrogative form). 
 
 3. Replace the present by the preterit. (The verbs of the relative 
 
 sentences must then be used in the imperfect indicative.) 
 
 4. Replace Mme. S. by je and the present by the future. 
 
 5. Replace Mme. S. by vous and the present by the conditional. 
 
 38. Questions 
 
 (Answers in the Preterit) 
 
 1. A qui Mme. S. montra-t-elle son billet? 
 
 2. Qu'est-ce qui arriva a toute vapeur ? 
 
 3. Le train s'arreta-t-il a la station? 
 
 4. Que crirent les employe's ? 
 
 5. Mme. S., ou monta-t-elle ? 
 
 6. Quelle espece de place choisit-elle ? 
 
 7. Le train s'ebranla-t-il rapidement ? 
 
 8. En route, qu'est-ce que cette dame admira ? 
 
 9. Qui travaillait dans les campagnes ? 
 
 10. Mme. S., qu'apergut-elle ? 
 
 1 1. Qui est-ce qui pedalait sur les routes ? 
 
 12. Au-dessus de quoi le train passa-t-il? 
 
 1 3. Que traversa-t-il ? 
 
 39. Grammar Drill 
 
 Masculine Singular. Some linen; some fine linen; 
 coffee 1 ; good coffee; black coffee; milk 2 ; good milk; 
 fresh milk ; I do not wish any milk. 
 
 Feminine Singular. Some water ; good water ; fresh 
 water; there is no water; lace; pretty lace; blue lace; 
 she has no lace. 
 
24 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 Plural. Some hats ; some fine hats ; round 3 hats ; 
 some dresses ; fine dresses ; black dresses ; oceans ; large 
 oceans; horses; fine horses; waters; slopes; numerous 
 slopes ; gentle slopes ; they have no tickets ; there are no 
 travelers in this car. 
 
 1 cafe. 2 lait. 3 rond. 
 
 40. Translation 
 
 Our train is not long in coming ; we show our tickets to 
 the man at the gate and leave the waiting room. We are 
 standing on the platform. The train stops : all aboard ! 
 The cars have wide steps. We hasten to get into the cars, 
 in which there are already numerous passengers. We 
 select good places. The train soon starts. 1 We are on 
 
 our way to New York. I/The car in which we are travel- 
 
 _* 
 
 ing has numerous seats and large windows. We examine 
 our future traveling companions. The ladies have cloaks, 
 fine dresses, and pretty hats. The passengers look out. 2 
 We also look out. Now we perceive roads on which many 
 bicyclists are pedaling 3 swiftly 3 and many pedestrians are 
 walking slowly, numerous forests, blue lakes, and large 
 fields in which country people 4 are standing or sitting 5 ; 
 now we admire meadows in which there are small flocks, 
 deep valleys in which pretty brooks are slowly meander- 
 ing, rivers over which there are many bridges, mountains 
 on the flowery slopes of which arise 6 poor hamlets, cities 
 the houses of which 7 are very high, small villages and tun- 
 nels in which the trains pass at full speed. ^ 
 
 1 is not long in starting. 4 Masc. and fern, forms. 
 
 2 Supply of the window. 5 seated. 
 
 8 See 38. 6 show themselves. 
 
 7 of which the houses. 
 
EN ROUTE! 2$ 
 
 EXERCISE IX 
 41, Text 
 
 Indefinites, . Use of de after some indefinites, . Agreement 
 
 of past participles, used without auxiliary, , and with to be, . 
 
 Passive voice, . Use and place of/, , and of en, . Idio- 
 matic use of the verb avoir, . 
 
 Mme. S., fatiguee, se procure un journal quelconque ou 
 un roman nouveau, quelque chose d'interessant. A chaque 
 passage a niveau, tout le monde entend sonner a toute 
 volee la cloche de la locomotive. Aux heures des repas, 
 quiconque a faim, se rend dans le wagon-restaurant et 
 y mange. Telle est la rapidite avec laquelle les voyageurs 
 sont emportes a travers la campagne que quelques per- 
 sonnes en ont peur ; le soir, tout y est obscur ; personne 
 n'y remarque plus rien, ni arbres, ni maisons. La nuit, 
 quand quelqu'un a sommeil et a envie de se coucher, il 
 se dirige vers le wagon-lit. Aux grandes stations, le train 
 s'arrete pour laisser monter ou descendre les voyageurs ; 
 pres de chaque petite gare, il ralerrtit sa marche pour 
 eviter les accidents. Enfin on approche de New York. 
 Sans aucun doute, chacun semble content d'arriver a desti- 
 nation sain et sauf. 
 
 42. Transposition 
 
 1. Replace the present by the future. 
 
 2. Replace the present by the imperfect. 
 
 3. Replace the present by the conditional. 
 
 4. Replace the present by the preterit. 
 
 43. Questions 
 
 1. Est-ce que Mme. S. n'est pas fatigue" e ? 
 
 2. Que se procure-t-elle ? 
 
 3. A chaque passage a niveau, qu'est-ce que tout le 
 
 monde entend ? 
 
26 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 4. Comment la cloche de la locomotive sonne-t-elle ? 
 
 5. Qui se rend dans le wagon-restaurant aux heures des 
 
 repas ? 
 
 6. Y a-t-il des personnes qui ont peur en chemin de fer ? 
 
 7. Que remarque-t-on le soir dans la campagne obscure ? 
 
 8. La nuit, a-t-on sommeil ? 
 
 9. Ou se dirige-t-on quand on a envie de dormir ? 
 
 10. Pourquoi le train s'arrete-t-il quelquefois? 
 
 11. Pourquoi ralentit-il sa marche a chaque petite gare ? 
 
 12. Chacun semble-t-il content d'etre arrive a New York 
 
 sain et sauf ? 
 
 44. Grammar Drill 
 
 Qs^e^jjiA ,*JJ&U*^<ft**' C ^ J ^ 
 
 1. A few newspapers ; a few people ; any bell whatever ; 
 
 something good ; all the cars ; every engine ; no 
 night; everything; everybody; every day; some- 
 body; whoever. 
 XT , : , , , ., 
 
 2. Nobody seems glad of it 
 
 3. We 1 no longer hear anything. 
 
 4. We 1 do not notice any trees there. 
 
 , - 
 
 5. Have you any friends in that town? Yes, I have 
 
 many there. How many have you ? I have more 
 than 2 ten. 
 
 6. Do you notice bicyclists on the roads ? Yes, I notice 
 
 some there. * ^t 
 
 7. Does she buy newspapers in the car ? No, she does 
 
 not buy any there. 
 
 i on. 2 de. 
 
 45. Translation 
 
 When we travel by rail, we notice that no passenger 
 seems to be afraid ; doubtless, nobody thinks of l any dan- 
 ger whatever, of l the numerous accidents which happen 2 
 every day. Many persons seem pleased to be carried 
 
< 
 
 OF 
 
 UNIVERSITY ! 
 
 EN ROUTE! 2 7 
 
 away on a train which crosses fields, forests, meadows, 
 cities, with such 3 a 8 speed. All hope to 4 arrive at their 
 destination safe and sound. Some of the passengers buy 
 newspapers or novels ; others, who have a mind to admire 
 the beautiful country, look out. There one always notices 
 something new. At meal time, every one is hungry and 
 nobody fails to go 5 to the dining car and to eat there. 
 When night 6 comes, 2 the country through which the train 
 passes at full speed is dark; we perceive nothing there, 
 either mountains or valleys. Near the crossings, the bell 
 of the engine rings loud to 7 avoid accidents there and 
 everybody hears it. Trains 6 do not stop often ; at every 
 station a few passengers step into the cars or alight. 
 Every evening, whoever is sleepy and tired enters the 
 sleeping car and goes to bed there. Finally the train, 
 slackening its speed, enters the city of New York and 
 soon stops at the station. People arrive at their destina- 
 tion safe and sound, and they are glad of it. 
 
 1 to. 3 a such ... 6 Use the definite article. 
 
 2 arriver. 4 Omit. 7 in order to. 
 
 5 to betake oneself. 
 
 EXERCISE X 
 46. Text 
 
 List of verbs whose compound tenses are conjugated with to have in 
 
 English and to be in French, . Agreement of past participles 
 
 conjugated with to be, , and to have, . Compound tenses 
 
 (indicative mood) of reflexive verbs, . Irregular verbs : alter, 
 
 ; dire, ; faire, ; prendre, ; vouloir, ; and 
 
 conduire, . 
 
 Mme. S. appelle un cocher et lui donne Tadresse de 
 1'hotel ou elle veut descendre pendant son sejour. Des 
 
28 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 qu'elle y arrive, elle se fait donner une bonne chambre. 
 Elle prend 1'ascenseur, se rend a la chambre que 1'employe 
 du bureau lui a indiquee et s'y repose. Le lendemain 
 matin, elle s'eveille de bonne heure ; elle se leve et 
 s'habille promptement. Alors elle va a la salle a manger 
 ou elle dejeune de bon appetit. Son dejeuner fini, elle diJ- 
 au ganjon de lui apporter sa note. Apres 1'avoir payee, 
 elle se fait conduire a Fembarcadere de la Compagnie 
 Generale. 
 
 47. Transposition 
 
 1. Replace Mme. S. by je (affirm, form). 
 
 2. Replace Mme. S. by vous (interr. form). 
 
 3. Replace Mme. S. by nous (affirm, form). 
 
 4. Replace Mme. S. by nous and the present by the past indefinite 
 
 (affirm, form). 
 
 5. Replace Mme. S. by vous, the present by the preterit (affirm. 
 
 form), and the past indefinite by the pluperfect. 
 
 6. Replace Mme. S. by Us, the present by the imperfect (interr. 
 
 form), and the past indefinite by the pluperfect. 
 
 7. Replace the present by the future. 
 
 48. Questions 
 
 1. Oui Mme. S. appelle-t-elle ? 
 
 2. Que lui donne-t-elle ? 
 
 3. Que se fait-elle donner a 1'hotel aussitdt qu'elle y 
 
 arrive ? 
 
 4. Que prend-elle ? 
 
 5. Ou se rend-elle ? 
 
 6. Qu'y fait-elle ? 
 
 7. Le lendemain matin, a quelle heure s'eveille-t-elle ? 
 
 8. Apres s'etre habillee, ou va-t-elle ? 
 
 9. Qu'y fait-elle ? 
 
 10. Le dejeuner fini, que dit-elle au gargon? 
 
 1 1. Alors, ou se fait-elle conduire ? 
 
EN ROUTE! 29 
 
 49. Grammar Drill 
 
 1 . She has gone to the address which you had given (to) her. 
 
 2. Where are your bills ? Have you paid them ? The 
 
 waiter has not yet brought them to us. 
 
 3. She has got up and they have dressed her slowly. 
 
 4. We have arrived at the pier on time. 
 
 5. They will not go ; were you going ? I go ; let us go. 
 
 6. We made (pret.); she has made ; shall you make ? 
 
 7. They do not wish ; you would wish ; he had wished. 
 
 8. We take; they took (pret.); they (fern.) have not been 
 
 taken. 
 
 9. You say; you said (pret); she would say ; tell me. 
 
 /X 
 50. Translation 
 
 As soon as you arrive at the station, you alight from the 
 car with your friends. You call a coachman ; he puts 
 the baggage l which you have brought, on his seat or into 
 the carriage. He asks you at what hotel you intend to 
 stop. You tell him 2 and he takes 3 you quickly to the 
 hotel, the address of which you have given him. 4 You go 
 to the office, ask for comfortable rooms, and say to the 
 clerk: " Call us at 10 minutes to 7." ' You take the ele- 
 vator and go up to the rooms which he has assigned you ; 
 every traveler has his own ; 5 you are glad of it. ^ You 
 enter yours and go to bed there ; you are tired and wish 6 
 to rest. L The next morning you are all awakened early ; 
 after getting up you dress yourselves. Then you leave 
 the rooms which you have occupied during the night and 
 go down to the dining room. You have a good appetite 
 and tell the waiter to bring you a hearty 7 breakfast. Af- 
 ter breakfasting you ask for your bill and those of your 
 friends. After paying them you leave the hotel ; you call 
 a coachman and say to him : " Take 3 us as fast as possible 
 
30 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 to the pier of the General Transatlantic Company." Your 
 stay in that city has not been very long. 
 
 1 Plural. 4 of which you have given to him the address. 
 
 2 it to him. 5 Omit. 
 
 3 conduire or mener. 6 have a mind. 7 good. 
 
 EXERCISE XI 
 51. Text 
 
 Use of ce qui and ce que, . Use of the imperfect indicative, the 
 
 preterit, and the past indefinite, . Irregular verbs : mettre, ; 
 
 venir, ; voir y ; and vttir, . 
 
 Mme. S. monte sur la passerelle et s'embarque. Une 
 foule agitee envahit le paquebot. On entend tout a coup 
 la sirene : une fois, deux fois, trois fois ! C'est le moment 
 des adieux. Le steamer se met en mouvement : il tourne 
 et descend le fleuve. Mme. S. voit le panorama du port 
 de New York, le pont de Brooklyn et la statue de la Li- 
 berte. Bientot elle perd les cotes de vue. Au revoir aux 
 Etats-Unis ! D'abord notre voyageuse s'amuse beaucoup : 
 elle observe tout ce qui se passe autour d'elle. Elle va 
 visiter I'interieur du bateau. Ensuite elle entre dans sa 
 cabine ou elle se met a ranger ses affaires. Elle se vet 
 plus chaudement avant de remonter sur le pont. Elle se 
 hate, car elle vient d'entendre le bruit du gong qui annonce 
 le diner. 
 
 52. Transposition 
 
 1 . Replace the affirmative by the interrogative form. \ 
 
 2. Replace the present by the imperfect and Mme. S. by vous. 
 
 3. Replace the present by the preterit and Mme. S. by nous. 
 
 4. Replace the present by the past indefinite and Mme. S. by elles. 
 
 5. Replace the present by the future and Mme. S. by je. 
 
 6. Replace the present by the conditional. 
 
EN ROUTE! 31 
 
 (For 3, 4, 5, and 6, drop the idiom venir de in the last sentence and 
 use the verb entendre in the required tenses.) 
 
 53. Questions 
 
 (Answers in the Future) 
 
 1. Arrives a I'embarcadere, que f erons-nous ? 
 
 2. Qui envahira le paquebot ? 
 
 3. Combien de fois entendra-t-on la sirene? 
 
 4. Que fera le paquebot ? 
 
 5. Mme. S., que verra-t-elle ? 
 
 6. D'abord, s'amusera-t-elle beaucoup? 
 
 7. Que f era-t-elle ? 
 
 8. Qu'est-ce qu'elle ira visiter ? 
 
 9. Ou entrera-t-elle ? 
 
 10. Que se mettra-t-elle a ranger? 
 
 1 1 . Comment se vetira-t-elle ? 
 
 12. Pourquoi se hatera-t-elle ? 
 
 54. Grammar Drill 
 
 1. I see what (that which) is going on around me. 
 
 2. We shall see what they are doing. 
 
 3. They will not hear what you say. 
 
 4. She takes what is good. 
 
 5. I have just heard the fog horn. 
 
 6. They had just got up. 
 
 7. We begin to visit the ship ; she has begun to dress herself. 
 
 8. They dress themselves ; she was dressing herself ; we 
 
 had dressed ourselves. 
 
 9. You put (pres.); they put (pret); will she not put? 
 
 55. Translation 
 
 Afterwards we got quickly into the coachman's cab, 
 which we had just called, for we were late, and soon we 
 
32 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 arrived at the pier without any accident ; we passed through 
 the excited crowd which was thronging "it. We saw that 
 everything was ready for the departure. We went up the 
 gang plank and embarked. First, we hastened to go and 1 
 visit our cabins ; we began to set all our things in order 
 and put on warmer clothes. We had just visited the inside 
 of the ship and had just examined everything which 2 was 
 around us when we suddenly heard the sound of the fog 
 horn : once, twice. '\ree times ; it was announcing the hour 
 of parting. We went up again on deck to 3 see the steamer 
 start. We watched many people who were weeping, kiss- 
 ing 4 each other, shaking 4 hands with each other and say- 
 ing 4 to each other: " Enjoy yourself. Think often of us. 
 Do not forget what I have just told you. Have 1 a 1 good 
 passage! " At last we left the pier; after turning slowly 
 the steamer went down the river. We admired the fine 
 panorama of New York harbor; we saw the Brooklyn 
 Bridge and we bade good-by to the Statue of Liberty. 
 After a few hours we lost sight of the coasts of the United 
 States ; we were on our way to Europe. 
 
 1 Omit, 2 Supply that. 3 in order to. 4 were (reflexive form). 
 
 EXERCISE XII 
 56. Text 
 
 Idiomatic *ise of the verb avoir, . Tenses required by the c ^n- 
 
 junctiott si, . Irregular verbs : pouvoir, ; devenir like 
 
 venir, ; croire, ; entreprendre like prendre, ; and se 
 
 plaindre like craindre, . 
 
 Le lendemain, elle ne se porte pas bien : elle a le mal 
 de mer. Elle reste dans sa couchette tout le temps et elle 
 manque d'air. Elle fait appeler le medecin, mais celui-ci 
 
EN ROUTE! 33 
 
 a beau lui donner des medicaments : elle devient de plus 
 en plus malade. Elle se plaint beaucoup ; elle croit qu'elle 
 a eu tort d'entreprendre ce voyage. Elle souhaite etre 
 chez elle. Apres quelques jours, cependant, elle va mieux, 
 mais elle n'a pas encore le pied marin. II fait froid pen- 
 dant toute la traversee. Neanmoins Focean est calme et 
 le temps est beau. Chaque jour, elle r peut observer le lever 
 et le coucher du soleil. De quel magnifique spectacle elle 
 
 jouit! --tr, 
 
 57. Transposition 
 
 1 . Replace elle by nous, and use the interrogative form. 
 
 2. Replace the present by the imperfect, and elle by je. 
 
 3. Replace the present by the preterit, and elle by Us. 
 
 4. Replace the present by the future, and elle by vous. 
 
 5. Replace the present by the conditional, and elle by nous. 
 
 6. Replace the present by the pluperfect. 
 
 58. Questions 
 
 1. Le lendemain, comment se porte-t-elle ? 
 
 2. Qu'a-t-elle? 
 
 3. Ou reste-t-elle tout le temps ? 
 
 4. Si vous traversiez 1'ocean, resteriez-vous tout le temps 
 
 dans votre couchette ? 
 
 5. De quoi manque-t-elle ? 
 
 6. Qui f ait-elle appeler ? 
 
 7. Qu'a-t-il beau lui donner? 
 
 8. Devient-elle plus malade ? 
 
 9. Se plaint-elle ? 
 
 10. Que croit-elle ? 
 
 1 1. Que soubaite-t-elle ? 
 
 12. Cependant, apres quelques jours, comment va-t-elle ? 
 
 13. A-t-elle deja le pied marin ? 
 
 14. Quel temps fait-il pendant toute la traversee ? 
 
 15. Que peut-elle observer chaque jour ? 
 
 FR. PROSE COMP. 3 
 
34 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 59. Grammar Drill 
 
 1. I am not wrong; will they be wrong ? if we should be 
 
 wrong . . . 
 
 2. Are you not seasick ? they have been seasick ; if she 
 
 were seasick . . . 
 
 3. They are very l hungry ; have you been hungry ? he 
 
 will not have been hungry. 
 
 4. I can; we could (pret); if they could not; they will 
 
 be able ; would he not be able ? 
 
 5. We become; she was becoming; did you become 
 
 (pret.)? they have not become; he will become. 
 
 6. I complain ; were they complaining ? we shall com- 
 
 plain of nothing. 
 
 7. Does she believe? we were believing; they believed 
 
 (pret); you would not have believed. 
 
 8. They undertake; we undertook (pret.); she had not 
 
 undertaken. 
 
 1 bien or grand*. 
 
 60. Translation 
 
 The next morning the travelers will amuse themselves 
 very 1 much; they will enjoy the sight and the cold air of 
 the ocean. They will go and l inspect the whole 2 boat. 
 They will not be seasick, and will have their sea legs. 
 They will lack nothing, and will be more and more pleased 
 that 3 they 3 have undertaken this long trip. If you become 
 sick, you will send for the doctor, who will give you some 
 medicine ; but I hope you will be in good health all the time. 
 Do not complain ; do not express the wish to be at home. 
 You will get up early, every morning, walk on the deck, 
 and watch the beautiful sunrise. What a 1 spectacle! If 
 a friend of yours 4 has been seasick, you will ask him : 
 " How are you ? " He will answer you : " I feel better, 
 
EN ROUTE! 35 
 
 thank you." "You were wrong to remain in your bed all 
 the time. Why did you not go on deck?" 5 "I was too 
 sick ; I sent in vain for the doctor ; I did not see him." 
 " Are you hungry ? " " I am ; 6 I should be glad if the 
 gong would announce breakfast." 5 At that moment you 
 will hear it; you will hasten to enter the dining room, for 
 one is very hungry after walking in the cold 7 morning 8 air. 
 However, after breakfast 5 you will be able to remain on 
 deck all day, 5 for the weather will be very fine. 
 
 1 Omit. . * yes. 
 9 11 ,/ * one of your friends. , 
 
 2 all the. . TT v , ; . . , 7 After the noun. 
 
 6 Use the definite article. 
 8 to = de. 8 of the morning. 
 
 EXERCISE XIII 
 61. Text 
 
 More examples of the idiomatic use of the verb avoir, . Use of 
 
 the infinitive, . Irregular verbs : s*asseoir, ; servir, ; 
 
 lire, ; and survenir like venir, . 
 
 Quand Mme. S. s'assied dans sa chaise sur le pont, elle 
 s'enveloppe de chales pour avoir chaud et elle a raison. 
 Alors elle se sert de sa lunette d'approche pour regarder 
 les poissons, les baleines, les mouettes, les etoiles, le 
 ciel et, de temps a autre, un bateau a vapeur ou un 
 bateau a voiles terriblement ballotte par les vagues. Mais 
 elle prefere observer le capitaine, les officiers, les mate- 
 lots, les passagers et les passageres de cabine et d'entre- 
 pont. Elle a des amusements de toutes sortes, car elle 
 peut encore lire dans le salon, jouer du piano, danser, 
 regarder danser les autres, chanter, ecouter la musique, 
 etc. En somme, la traversee est splendide ; il ne survient 
 ni brouillard, ni tempete, ni naufrage. 
 
36 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 62. Transposition 
 
 1 . Replace Kfme. S. by vous, and use the interrogative-negative form 
 
 in principal clauses. 
 
 2. Replace Mine. S. by nous (affirm, form). 
 
 3. Replace the present by the past indefinite. 
 
 4. Replace Mine. S. by //j, and the present by the future. 
 
 5. Replace Mmc. S. by vous, and the present by the preterit. 
 
 6. Replace Mme. S. by ///, and the present by the imperfect (interr. 
 
 form) . 
 
 7. Replace Mme. S. by je, and the present by the conditional. 
 
 63. Questions 
 
 (Answers in the Past Indefinite) 
 
 1. Quand les passageres se sont assises dans leurs chaises 
 
 sur le pont, de quoi se sont-elles enveloppees ? 
 
 2. Pourquoi se sont-elles enveloppees de chales ? 
 
 3. Ont-elles eii raison ? 
 
 4. Alors de quoi se sont-elles servies ? 
 
 5. Pourquoi s'en sont-elles servies? 
 
 6. Qu'ont-elles pref ere observer ? 
 
 7. Quels autres amusements ont-elles eus sur le bateau ? 
 
 8. En somme, la traversee a-t-elle ete splendide ? 
 
 9. N'est-il survenu ni brouillard, ni tempete, ni naufrage ? 
 
 64. Grammar Drill 
 
 1. He is not warm ; were (pret.) you warm ? they will be 
 
 warm. 
 
 2. Are you cold ? we have been cold ; I should not be cold, 
 
 3. They are not right ; we were (imp.) right ; she has been 
 
 right. 
 
 4. Do they sit down? we sat down (pret.); she had not 
 
 sat down ; you will sit down ; sit down. 
 
EN ROUTE! 37 
 
 5. He serves ; were they serving ? they had served. 
 
 6. I do not use my field glass; we used (pret.) it; will 
 
 they use it ? 
 
 7. We read ; we did not read (pret.) ; will you have read ? 
 
 65. Translation 
 
 During breakfast, a friend of yours will ask you : " What 
 shall you do this morning ? " " I shall have diversions of 
 all kinds : first, I shall go on deck, and there I shall read ; 
 afterwards I shall watch the captain or his officers walking l 
 on their deck, the sailors working, 1 and the steerage pas- 
 sengers playing 1 and dancing. 1 But I prefer to listen to 
 the ladies singing 1 in the parlor." "Shall you not make use 
 of your field glass ? " " Of course, 2 I shall from time to time 
 make use of it to 3 look at the whales, fish, and sea gulls." 
 "You are right; and in 4 the evening?" "After dinner, 
 if the weather is fine, we shall enjoy the splendid sight of 
 the setting sun. If it is cold, we shall sit down in our 
 chairs on the deck and observe the stars, the sky, and the 
 water." " Do the lady passengers use their lap robes and 
 shawls? " "Yes, they use them to 3 wrap themselves in 5 
 them, 5 and they keep 6 warm." "Will the ocean remain 
 calm and the sky blue the whole trip?" "I hope so 7 ; 
 but if a storm arises, you will see the high waves passing 1 
 over the ship, and we shall be violently tossed about ; the 
 lady passengers will be afraid of shipwreck. 8 If there 
 comes a fog, you will hear the sound of the fog horns, but 
 you will see nothing, either sailing boats or steamers. 
 However, let us hope that, on the whole, we shall have a 
 fine passage." 
 
 1 Infinitive. 3 in order to. 5 en. 7 it. 
 
 2 bien entendu. 4 Omit. 6 are. 8 Supply a. 
 
38 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XIV 
 66. Text 
 
 Translation of how in exclamations, . Agreement of demi, . 
 
 Irregular verbs : couvrir, ; oiwrir, ; partir, ; devoir 
 
 like recevoir, ; entrevoir like voir, . 
 
 Enfin un jour retentit le cri : terre ! terre ! Qu'elle est 
 heureuse ! Bientot elle peut entrevoir le debarcadere tout 
 couvert de monde. La voila au port. C'est au milieu du 
 plus grand tumulte qu'elle debarque. Comme elle a pris 
 la precaution de faire enregistrer ses bagages directement 
 pour Paris, elle ne doit pas les ouvrir a la douane. Elle 
 va au guichet de la station et demande a I'employe : " A 
 quelle heure le premier train pour Paris part-il ? " " II 
 partira dans une demi-heure." " Est-ce un express ou un 
 train omnibus ? " " C'est un express." " Direct ? " " Oui, 
 vous n'aurez pas a changer de train." " Une premiere 
 pour Paris." "Aller et retour ? " " Seulement aller." 
 " Trente-deux francs, soixante-quinze centimes." 
 
 67 Transposition 
 
 From the beginning to " A quelle heure . . . ? " 
 
 1 . Replace elle by vous. 
 
 2. Replace elle by il and the present by the imperfect indicative. 
 
 3. Replace elle by vous and the present by the preterit. 
 
 4. Replace elle by Us and the present by the future. 
 
 5. Replace elle by je and the present by the future perfect. 
 
 6. Replace elle by nous and the present by the conditional. 
 
 7. Replace elle by /// and the present by the conditional perfect. 
 
 68. Questions 
 
 1. Un jour, qu'est-ce qui retentit? 
 
 2. Mme. S., est-elle heureuse ? 
 
 3. Que peut-elle entrevoir bientot? 
 
EN ROUTE! 39 
 
 4. Au milieu de quoi debarque-t-elle ? 
 
 5. Quelle precaution a-t-elle prise? 
 
 6. Doit-elle ouvrir ses bagages a la douane du Havre? 
 
 7. Ou va-t-elle ? 
 
 8. Que demande-t-elle a I'employe ? 
 
 9. Que lui repond-il ? 
 
 10. Aura-t-elle a changer de train ? 
 
 n. Prend-elle un train omnibus ou un express? 
 
 12. Quelle espece de billet achete-t-elle ? 
 
 13. Combien coute ce billet? 
 
 69. Grammar Drill 
 
 1. How calm the ocean is ! How blue the water is ! How 
 
 high the waves are ! 
 
 2. Does he not open ? we have opened ; I have shut the 
 
 windows which you opened. 1 
 
 3. We leave ; they left (pret.); she has not gone away. 
 
 4. They must; we have been obliged 2 ; I must have 2 ; 
 
 we shall be obliged ; you should (condit. of devoir). 
 
 5. He catches a glimpse of; we caught (pret.) a glimpse 
 
 of ; they will catch a glimpse of. 
 
 6. She covers; they were covering; the chairs which they 
 
 had covered . . . 
 
 1 Past indefinite. 2 Past indefinite of devoir. 
 
 70. Translation 
 
 On the whole, the voyage has been very fine ; we have 
 read novels, played on the piano, listened to music, sung, 
 danced, etc. There has been neither storm, nor fog, nor 
 shipwreck. Yet how happy we were l when at last the cry, 
 " Land ! land!" resounded. 1 Soon many people thronged 1 
 the deck ; some passengers used 1 their field glasses to look 
 
40 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 at the coast. There is France ! We have caught a glimpse 
 of the landing place. There is Havre! 2 The steamer 
 slackened l her speed. How happy all the passengers were l 
 on 3 reaching the harbor safe and sound! We hastened 1 
 to land in the midst of a large crowd ; the confusion was 
 very great. As many travelers had not taken the pre- 
 caution of having their baggage checked directly to Paris, 
 they were l obliged to open their trunks and valises at the 
 custom-house. We went 1 to the station and asked 1 the man 
 at the ticket office for first-class tickets to Paris. He asked 1 
 us : " Return tickets ? " " No, only single tickets ; we are 
 going to Paris, and we intend to take the first train ; but 
 we do not wish to travel in a slow train, and we hope we 
 shall not have to change cars. At what time will the ex- 
 press leave for Paris ? " " The through train will leave the 
 station in an hour and a half." And he gave 1 us oui 
 tickets, saying, 4 "97 francs, 25." 
 
 1 Past indefinite. 2 Le Havre. 3 de. * Supply while (en). 
 
 EXERCISE XV 
 71. Text 
 
 Formation of the tenses of the subjunctive, . Tenses of the sub- 
 junctive of to be, ; of to have, ; and of regular verbs, . 
 
 Use of the subjunctive after impersonal verbs, ; after negative 
 
 or interrogative verbs. ; after verbs expressing will or emotion, 
 
 ; and after certain conjunctions, . Use of the tenses of the 
 
 subjunctive. . Irregular verbs : falloir, , and savoir, . 
 
 Elle se procure aussi un Indicateur des chemins de fer 
 dans lequel elle trouvera tons les renseignements dont elle 
 pourra avoir besoin en France. Un homme de service 
 annonce : " Messieurs les voyageurs pour Paris, en voiture ! 
 
EN ROUTE! 41 
 
 Par ici, la quatrieme voie a gauche." Elle s'installe dans 
 un compartiment reserve aux dames et met ses colis dans 
 le filet. Le moment est venu d'essayer le peu de frangais 
 qu'elle a etudie et de voir si elle saura se tirer facilement 
 d'affaire. Elle adresse plusieurs questions a sa voisine 
 de droite : " Pardon, Madame, auriez-vous la bonte de me 
 dire quel est ce chateau ? A quelle gare sommes-nous 
 arrivees ? Le soleil vous gene-t-il ? Voulez-vous que je 
 baisse le store ? Pensez-vous que le temps soit beau 
 demain?" etc. A Rouen, il faut qu'elle profite d'un quart 
 d'heure d'arret pour dejeuner au buffet. 
 
 72. Transposition 
 
 i. Replace elle by vous. 
 
 i. Replace the present and the future by the imperfect indicative 
 and elle by nous. 
 
 3. Replace the present by the future and elle by je. 
 
 4. Replace the present and the future by the conditional and elle by 
 
 Us. 
 
 73. Questions 
 
 1. Que nous procurons-nous ? 
 
 2. Qu'y trouverons-nous ? 
 
 3. L'homme de service, qu'annonce-t-il ? 
 
 4. Nous installons-nous dans un compartiment reserve 
 
 aux dames ? (negative answer). 
 
 5. Ou mettons-nous nos colis ? 
 
 6. Que faut-il que nous essayions ? 
 
 7. Saurons-nous nous tirer facilement d'affaire ? 
 
 8. Que demanderons-nous a nos voisins de gauche et de 
 
 droite ? 
 
 9. A Rouen, de quoi faut-il que nous profitions ? 
 
 10. Votre voisine desire-t-elle que vous baissiez les stores 
 pour que le soleil ne la gene pas ? 
 
42 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 74, Grammar Drill 
 
 1. She had come ; they will have arrived (m.). 
 
 2. I get along; you got (pret.) along ; will they not get 
 
 along? we know how to get along; she did not know 
 how to get along. 
 
 3. Are you in need of money? they were (pret.) in need 
 
 of it ; she will be in need of information ; we must l 
 not be in need of anything. 
 
 4. I must buy several novels ; he must step into the car. 
 
 5. Do you hope that they will answer you ? 
 
 6. She wishes you to 2 choose the best berth. 
 
 7. Do you wish us to buy a Railroad Guide ? 
 
 8. I give you all this information in order that 3 you may 4 
 
 get along easily in France. 
 
 9. Does your neighbor think the weather will be cold to- 
 
 morrow ? 
 
 1 // is necessary that we (subjunctive). 8 See 73, 10. 
 
 2 She wishes that you (subjunctive). 4 Omit. 
 
 75. Translation 
 
 "If you should visit 1 France, would you be able 2 to get 
 along ? What would you do there ? " " I should profit by 
 all the information which you have given me. I should 
 not travel by a slow train ; I should take the express." 
 " When would you try the little French you have studied ? " 
 11 At the ticket office, when I asked 3 the man on duty : 
 'Would you be kind enough to tell me at what time the 
 express for Paris leaves ? On what track shall I find it ? 
 Must I change cars ? ' ' " What would he answer you ? " 
 " ' This way, on the fifth track to the right ; it is a through 
 train ; it will leave in a quarter of an hour/ " "When would 
 you go to the train ? " " When I heard 3 the man on duty 
 

 EN ROUTE! 43 
 
 announcing: 'Rouen, Paris, all aboard!' 3 ' "What pre- 
 cautions would you take ? " "I should get a Railroad 
 Guide, in which I should find all the information I should 
 need during my trip.'' " How would you get along on the 
 way ? " " I should listen to my neighbors and ask them 
 many questions: 'Excuse me, sir; could 4 you tell me 
 what is this fine city ? What is this large castle ? How 
 many minutes must we wait at the next station? Will 
 my packages be in your way ? Must I put them in the 
 rack? Do you think we shall arrive at Paris at the time 5 
 indicated by the Railroad Guide ? Shall we stop half an 
 hour at Rouen ? Shall we be able to have our breakfast in 
 the dining hall? Does the sun inconvenience you? Do 
 you wish me to pull down the blinds ? ' I should get along 
 easily in France." 
 
 1 Use the imperfect indicative. 3 Use the conditional. 
 
 a Conditional of savoir. * Conditional of pouvoir. 
 
 6 hour. 
 
 EXERCISE XVI 
 76. Text 
 
 Review the same rules as for 71. Use of the subjunctive after super- 
 latives, , and verbs expressing fear, . Use of ne, . 
 
 Irregular verbs : plaire, ; suffire^ ; and craindre, . 
 
 Enfin 1'express s'arrete a la gare Saint-Lazare, la plus 
 vaste qui soit a Paris. Mme. S. s'empresse d'aller a la 
 salle des bagages ; elle y cherche les siens : les voici. 
 Maintenant, il faut qu'elle passe a la douane : elle craint 
 que tous ses effets n'y soient bouleverses. Elle tire ses clefs 
 et appelle un douanier : " Monsieur, veuillez examiner mes 
 bagages." " Avez-vous quelque chose a declarer ? " " Non, 
 
44 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 Monsieur." "Rien du tout ? " " Absolument rien." " Ou- 
 vrez cette malle-ci, s'il vous plait?" "Voila, Monsieur." 
 " Qu'y a-t-il dans cette valise-la ? " " Quelques effets et mon 
 necessaire de toilette." " Cela suffit." " Je vous remercie." 
 Elle pense que c'est rhomme le plus aimable qu'elle ait 
 jamais rencontre. La visite passee, elle ne perd pas de 
 temps et se fait conduire a une pension bourgeoise que des 
 amis lui ont recommandee. 
 
 77. Transposition 
 
 1 . Replace Mine. S. by les voyageurs, and un douanier by des douaniers 
 
 with all the required changes. 
 
 2. Replace Mme. S. by tu, un douanier by des douaniers, and the 
 
 present by the imperfect of the indicative. 
 
 3. Replace Mme. S. by nous, un douanier by des douaniers, and the 
 
 present by the preterit. 
 
 4. Replace Mme. S. by je (fern.), un douanier by des douaniers. and 
 
 the present by the past indefinite. 
 
 5. Replace Mme. S. by vous, un douanier by des douaniers, and the 
 
 present by the future. 
 
 78. Questions 
 
 1. Ou le train s'arrete-t-il ? 
 
 2. Ou Mme. S. s'empresse-t-elle d'aller ? 
 
 3. Qu'y cherche-t-elle ? 
 
 4. Les y trouve-t-elle ? 
 
 5. Maintenant, ou faut-il qu'elle passe? 
 
 6. Que craint-elle ? 
 
 7. Que tire-t-elle ? 
 
 8. Qui appelle-t-elle ? 
 
 9. Quelle question lui adresse-t-il ? 
 10. Que lui repond-elle ? 
 
 ji. Que pense-t-elle de ce douanier? 
 
 12. La visite passee, ou se fait-elle conduire? 
 
 13. Qui la lui a recommandee ? 
 
EN ROUTE! 45 
 
 79. Grammar Drill 
 
 1. It is possible that the custom-house officers will not 
 
 examine our luggage. 
 
 2. We must be in l Paris this evening. 
 
 3. Do you think that there is something in that valise ? 
 
 4. These flowers are the most beautiful that we have ever 
 
 seen. 
 
 5. Wait till 2 you hear him coming. 
 
 6. We fear they will upset our things. 
 
 7. I want him to look for the keys which I lost 3 this 
 
 morning. 
 
 8. We shall reach the station at a quarter to nine unless 4 
 
 our train is late. 
 
 1 a. 2 that (subj.). 3 Past indefinite. 4 a moins que . . . ne (subj.). 
 
 80. Translation 
 
 "When I reach 1 Paris after several hours of travel, 
 where shall I go?'* "You must not lose anytime: ask 
 a man on duty where the baggage room is ; hurry and 
 look there for your trunks and valises. When you have 
 found them, call a custom-house officer to 2 examine 2 them. 
 If you have studied a little French, it is possible that 
 you may 3 get along easily. Pull out your keys, for he 
 will ask you to open 4 your trunks. Tell him : ' Sir, would 
 you be kind enough to come and 3 examine my luggage ? ' 
 'How many trunks have you?' 'I have two/ 'Where 
 are they?' ' Here they are.' 'Have you anything duti- 
 able ? ' ' Nothing at all, absolutely nothing. Do you wish 
 me to open this valise ? ' ' No, what is there in that one, 
 if you please ? ' ' Look, sir ; here are my dressing case and 
 a few books.' 'And in this trunk?' 'There are some 
 
46 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 linen, clothes, shoes, hats, etc/ 'Do you fear that I shall 
 upset your things ? Please show them to me.' 'Wait till 
 I find the key; here it is.' 'That will do 5 .' 'Thanks.' 
 You will leave the custom-house office, thinking that he 
 is the kindest man 6 in 7 the world. As soon as the 
 custom-house inspection is over, call a coachman and tell 
 him to take you to the boarding house at which you wish 
 to stop. Have your friends recommended one 8 to you?" 
 " They have, 9 and they told 10 me that it is the best that 
 they have ever had." 
 
 1 Use the future. 6 Supply who is (subj.). 
 
 2 in order that he may examine (subj.). 7 at. 
 
 8 Omit. 8 Supply en. 
 
 * that you open (subj.). 9 yes. 
 
 6 suffice. 10 Past indefinite. 
 
 EXERCISE XVII 
 81. Text 
 
 Review the same rules as for 71 and 76. Present subjunctive of aller, 
 faire, pouvoir, venir, prendre. 
 
 Le lendemain, Mme. S. voudra visiter Paris. Elle se 
 promenera sur 1'avenue des Champs-Elysees, le long des 
 boulevards des Capucines et des Italiens, sur 1'avenue de 
 1' Opera, dans la rue de la Paix, dans la rue de Rivoli, etc. 
 Elle admirera les places de la Concorde, de 1'Opera, de la 
 Republique, de la Bastille, la place Vendome, 1'esplanade 
 des Invalides, le Champ de Mars, les monuments : 1'arc de 
 triomphe, la colonne Vendome, la colonne de Juillet, les 
 portes Saint-Denis et Saint-Martin, les jardins des Tuileries, 
 
EN ROUTE! 
 
 47 
 
 
 du Luxembourg, du Palais-Royal, des Plantes, d'acclimata- 
 tion, etc. Elle verra aussi les palais de 1'Elysee, de 1'In- 
 stitut, du Luxembourg, le Palais-Royal, 1'hotel des Inva- 
 lides, T hotel de ville, le palais de justice, le grand hopital : 
 THotel-Dieu, la Sorbonne, le Pantheon et la Bourse. Elle 
 visitera les fameux magasins, les musees du Louvre, du 
 Luxembourg, de Cluny, etc., la Bibliotheque Nationale, la 
 Chambre des Deputes, les Halles Centrales, le bois de 
 Boulogne, le pare Monceau, beaucoup d'eglises : Notre- 
 Dame, la Madeleine, etc., le cimetiere du Pere-Lachaise, 
 les Catacombes et les environs de Paris : Versailles, 
 Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Fontainebleau, etc. Souvent elle 
 ira a 1'Opera ou au theatre : a la Comedie Franchise et 
 a 1'Odeon. 
 
 En un mot, elle ne manquera pas de voir tous les lieux 
 d'interet et dans les lettres qu'elle ecrira a ses chers 
 parents, elle en fera une description enthousiaste. 
 
 82. Transposition 
 
 1. Replace Mme. S. by nous, and the future by the present of the 
 
 indicative (interrogative form). 
 
 2. Replace Mme. S. by on, and the future by the imperfect (interroga- 
 
 tive form). 
 
 3. Replace Mme. S. by //, and the future by the preterit (interrogative 
 
 form) . 
 
 4. Replace Mme. S. by je, and the future by the past indefinite (inter- 
 
 rogative form). 
 
 5. Replace Mme. S. by tu, and the future by the pluperfect (interroga- 
 
 tive form). 
 
 6. Replace Mme. S. by vous, and the future by the past future (inter- 
 
 rogative form). 
 
 7. Replace Mme. S. by //j, and the future by the conditional (interrog- 
 
 ative form). 
 
 8. Replace Mme. S. by elles, and the future by the past conditional 
 
 (interrogative form). 
 
48 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 83. Questions 
 
 1. Des leur arrivee, que voudront-ils visiter? 
 
 2. Ou se promeneront-ils ? 
 
 3. Qu'admireront-ils ? 
 
 4. Que verront-ils ? 
 
 5. Que visiteront-ils ? 
 
 6. Ou iront-ils souvent ? 
 
 7. Que ne manqueront-ils pas de voir ? 
 
 8. A qui ecriront-ils ? 
 
 9. De quoi leur feront-ils une description enthousiaste ? 
 
 84. Grammar Drill 
 
 1. We must visit all the churches of Paris. 
 
 2. Do they believe that the suburbs of London 1 are finer 
 
 than those of Paris ? 
 
 3. We wish him to lose no time and to take the first train. 
 
 4. You must come to-morrow unless it is 2 too cold. 
 
 5. Although 3 we are very tired, he wishes us to go to the 
 
 theater this evening. 
 
 6. He fears that you may 4 see him. 
 
 1 Londres. 2 Usefaire. 3 Bien que (subj.). * Use pouvoir. 
 
 85. Translation 
 
 PARIS, May I5, 1 1899. 
 
 DEAR FRIEND: On 2 bidding you good-by, I told 3 you 
 that I would write you long letters giving you a descrip- 
 tion of the places of interest I should see ; but I have not 
 been able to do so, 4 for I am very tired every evening. 
 As you recommended 3 me, 5 I have not failed to visit the 
 stores, churches, museums, palaces, libraries, hospitals, 
 cemeteries, markets, and suburbs of Paris. I have taken 
 
EN ROUTE! 49 
 
 walks on the boulevards, avenues, squares, and well- 
 known 6 streets, in the parks and gardens, and I have 
 looked at the monuments, columns, gates, statues, bridges, 
 etc. I have also seen the Stock Exchange, the City Hall, 
 the Court House and the Catacombs. I cannot give you a 
 description of all the places of interest which I have vis- 
 ited ; my letter would be too long. In short, I am very 
 enthusiastic, and I believe that Paris is the most beautiful 
 city that I have ever visited. I do not need to tell you 
 that I have enjoyed myself very much during the whole 
 trip, and I must thank you for 7 the information you had 3 
 the kindness to give me. Do not forget to present my 
 best regards to your family. Answer me soon, and send 
 your letter to the address of the family boarding house 
 which you recommended 3 me. 
 
 Very sincerely yours, 8 
 
 15 mai. 8 Past indefinite. 5 it to me. 7 of. 
 
 4 it. 6 Supply in the. s Bien a vous. 
 
 FR. PROSE COMP. 4 
 
PART II 
 
 LES QUATRE LANGUES 
 
 EXERCISE XVIII 
 
 86. Text 
 
 Les parents du jeune Edmond de Grandpre possedaient, 
 il y a longtemps, une des plus belles terres du Dauphine. 
 Bien qu'ignorant les langues etrangeres, ils avaient com- 
 pris de quelle utilite cette etude pourrait etre a leur enfant. 
 " Nul homme an monde ne salt quel sort 1'avenir lui re- 
 serve," disait souvent le baron de Grandpre. "Je veux 
 que mon fils, au cas qu'il lui faille un jour voyager, ne se 
 sente etranger dans aucun pays. Je me souviens de 1'em- 
 barras dans lequel je me vis parce que je ne savais pas 
 rallemand lorsque je fus prisonnier en Prusse pendant la 
 guerre de Sept ans." 
 
 87. Translation 
 
 Edmund is the young son of Baron 1 de Grandpre. His 
 parents own a fine estate in 2 Dauphine. 1 Many years ago, 
 during the Seven Years' War, the baron was a prisoner in 
 Prussia; he found himself very much embarrassed 3 there, 
 because he did not understand German at all. We remem- 
 ber what he used to tell us: "Although we do not know 4 
 foreign languages, we must make our children under- 
 stand 5 their great usefulness, because we do not know 
 what destiny the future may have in store for them : no 
 
 50 
 
LES QUATRE LANGUES 51 
 
 man on earth knows it. We wish them to study 4 foreign 
 languages in order that they may 6 not find themselves 
 embarrassed in case they have one day to travel. Who 
 knows their future destiny ? They must not be strangers 
 in any country in 7 the world. The study of foreign lan- 
 guages is of the greatest usefulness, and we wish our 
 children to know them." 
 
 1 Supply the. * Subjunctive. 
 
 2 dans. 5 make understand to our children. 
 
 3 in the greatest embarrassment. 6 Omit. 7 of. 
 
 EXERCISE XIX 
 88. Text 
 
 Dou6 de dispositions heureuses, Edmond profita rapide- 
 ment des lemons des habiles maitres charge's de son instruc- 
 tion. A quatorze ans, il lisait deja les charmantes fables 
 de Lessing, 1'Histoire d'Angleterre de Hume et les beaux 
 drames lyriques de M^tastase, ce pote italien au langage 
 si harmonieux. II s'exprimait deja couramment dans les 
 trois langues, et, sans parler de sa langue maternelle qu'il 
 savait tres bien pour un gargon de son age, il etait en etat 
 d'ecrire presque sans faute une lettre en italien, en alle- 
 mand ou en anglais. 
 
 89. Translation 
 
 The masters intrusted with the instruction of the 
 baron's son are very able, and know many foreign lan- 
 guages. They can express themselves fluently in Ger- 
 man, Italian, and English, without mentioning their native 
 tongue, which they know very well. Edmund is a boy 
 of good ability, and will be able to profit quickly by the 
 Jessons of his able masters. At the age of fourteen he 
 
52 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 has already read Hume, Metastasio, and Lessing. You 
 know that Hume is an English historian 1 : he has written 
 a History of England. Lessing is a German poet whose 
 charming fables you have read, 2 and Metastasio is the 
 Italian poet whose lyric dramas are so beautiful. Edmund 
 is also able to write almost without a mistake long letters 
 in English, German, and Italian. Of all the foreign lan- 
 guages, he thinks the Italian is the most harmonious. 
 
 1 historian. 2 of whom you have read the charming fables. 
 
 EXERCISE XX 
 90, Text 
 
 Sur ces entrefaites, la Revolution eclata. Le baron de 
 Grandpre ne pouvait croire que la tourmente politique dut 
 arriver jusqu'a ses montagnes. Averti qu'on avait rendu 
 contre lui un decret de proscription et que d'un moment a 
 1'autre il serait jete en prison, il fut contraint de fuir avec 
 sa femme et son fils et gagna en toute hate les frontieres 
 du Piemont sans avoir pu emporter d'autre argent que le 
 peu qu'il avait sur lui. Les proscrits n'eurent pas meme 
 la consolation de dire a leur famille un dernier adieu. 
 
 91. Translation 
 
 They * pronounce a sentence of proscription against 
 the baron and his family when the revolution breaks out. 
 Friends hastily notify them 2 : they fear to 3 be thrown 
 into prison at any moment, and they must quickly gain 
 the frontier. They can carry away only 4 the little money 
 they have about them. The political storm has reached 
 them and has swept away what they possessed. What 
 
LES QUATRE LANGUES 53 
 
 destiny has the future in store for these poor exiles ? 
 Revolution forces them to fly in haste from their moun- 
 tains, without even having the consolation of bidding a 
 last good-by to their best friends. They cannot believe 
 that they must leave their estate. Meanwhile they gain 
 Piedmont, but they are unable to speak Italian, and they 
 find themselves very much embarrassed : they did not 
 understand the great usefulness of the study of foreign 
 languages when they were young; they did not believe 
 that they would need them, and they did not study them. 
 
 1 on. 2 Supply of it. 3 de. 4 ne . . . que. 
 
 EXERCISE XXI 
 92. Text 
 
 D'abord le baron et la baronne de Grandpre s'etaient 
 rendus a Turin pour y attendre des temps meilleurs. Ce- 
 pendant, apres avoir regu un peu d'argent que quelques- 
 uns de leurs amis avaient eu le courage de leur envoyer de 
 France, ils quitterent cette ville pour aller se fixer a Rome. 
 Mais avant d'atteindre ce but, il leur fallut traverser une 
 grande partie de 1' Italic. 
 
 93. Translation 
 
 When they arrived at the frontiers of Piedmont, the 
 baron said to his wife : " We are banished : the political 
 storm has obliged us to leave our castle and to bid a last 
 farewell to our country. First, I shall wait for the money 
 that some of our friends are going to send us. Then, after 
 receiving it, we shall betake ourselves to Rome, where I 
 intend to settle. We must cross a part of Italy: it will be 
 
 .<^TB R A ft**?^^ 
 
 OF THE 
 
 TY 
 
54 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 a long journey. We cannot travel fast, 1 because we shall 
 have little money. But we must not lose courage ; we 
 shall reach our goal. From Turin, we shall send long let- 
 ters to the friends whom we have not had the consolation 
 of seeing before departing. As soon as we reach 2 Rome, 
 we shall settle there and wait till 3 the times are better." 
 
 1 vite. 2 Use the future. 3 that (subjunctive). 
 
 EXERCISE XXII 
 94. Text 
 
 Pendant ce voyage, Edmond servit d'interprete a ses 
 parents ; il s'estimait heureux de pouvoir leur payer ainsi 
 1'education qu'il avait regue d^eux mais il se gardait bien 
 de s'enorgueillir du service qu'il leur rendait. A chaque 
 instant, il se felicitait d'avoir appris 1'italien avec tant de 
 soin et avec des resultats si avantageux. 
 
 95. Translation 
 
 Thus the exiles passed through the greater part of Italy, 
 but they did not travel fast, because they had only a little 
 money. As they did not understand the language of the 
 country in which they were, they would have found them- 
 selves very much embarrassed but for 1 their son, who 
 served them as interpreter. The education they had given 
 him was very good : he had had able teachers, had profited 
 by the lessons he had received, and had learned several 
 foreign languages. He spoke Italian fluently. He felt 
 proud to be able to serve as interpreter to his parents. 
 The baron and the baroness used to say to each other: 2 
 " We must consider ourselves happy to have given our son 
 
LES QUATRE LANGUES 55 
 
 an education with such good results. Let us congratulate 
 ourselves upon having so good a 3 child. He expresses 
 himself in Italian with such care that one would believe 
 that it is his native tongue. Let us take good care not to 
 forget the great service he renders us." And they felt 4 
 proud of their son's education, 
 
 ^without. 2 se. 3 a so good. 4 were feeling. 
 
 EXERCISE XXIII 
 96. Text 
 
 Vu I'exigui'te de leurs ressources, les pauvres emigres 
 frangais voyageaient avec les rouliers qui allaient d'une 
 ville a 1'autre. D'ordinaire, le voiturier dans le chariot 
 duquel ils se trouvaient, chantait a tue-tete sur son siege, 
 tout en activant 1'allure trop lente de ses chevaux. Un 
 jour, le soleil etait prs de disparaitre a 1' horizon et les 
 voyageurs commengaient a soupirer apres leur repas du 
 soir, le baron surtout qui etait doue d'un vigoureux appe- 
 tit, lorsqu'ils apergurent 1'auberge ou ils devaient se 
 restaurer et passer la nuit. 
 
 97. Translation 
 
 When the French exiles went from Turin to Rome, they 
 traveled with a teamster and his son. The gait of his 
 horses was very slow. They were going from town to 
 town. Usually they took their meals and spent the night 
 at small inns, on account of the slenderness of their purse. 
 The teamster in whose cart they were traveling and his 
 son were on the seat ; they used to sing in Italian as loud 
 as they could; but the French emigrants did not sing: 
 
56 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 they were poor and they were compelled to settle in a 
 foreign country whose language 1 they did not know. 
 What a future ! What a destiny ! While singing, the 
 Italian hastened 2 the pace of his horses. One day they 
 were about to reach the inn where they were to spend 
 the night when the sun disappeared below the horizon. 
 Night was coming fast and they were longing for their 
 supper, for they had received from nature a vigorous appe- 
 tite, the teamster especially. 
 
 1 of which, they did not know the language. 2 Use the imperfect. 
 
 EXERCISE XXIV 
 98. Text 
 
 Mais elle etait deja tellement remplie que 1'hote et 
 I'hotesse avaient grand'peine a contenter tout le monde. 
 L'arrivee de nouveaux voyageurs ne fit qu'augmenter 
 1'embarras. Le roulier demandait le souper a grands cris ; 
 mais voyant qu'on ne le servait .pas avec une prompti- 
 tude egale a son impatience, il s'empara d'un fourneau, 
 mit habit bas, retroussa ses manches de chemise et se mit 
 en devoir de preparer du macaroni. 
 
 99. Translation 
 
 They see the inn where they are to have their meal. 
 They arrive and call loudly for their supper, especially the 
 teamster. The hostess, perceiving their impatience, says 
 to them : " You see that our inn is already filled with l 
 travelers who must spend the night here. 2 We have 
 already great trouble in serving them. Your cries only 
 contribute to increase our difficulties. We cannot pre- 
 pare your supper quickly. I see you are very hungry, 
 
LES QUATRE LANGUES 57 
 
 especially the teamster's son, who is longing for his 
 supper, but you must wait till the other travelers have 
 had their meal. 8 " But the host hastily comes to satisfy 
 them, and says to the teamster : " Come, 4 my friend, you 
 know how 5 to 5 prepare macaroni. If your appetite is as 
 great as your impatience, take off your coat, tuck up your 
 shirt sleeves, take possession of a stove, and set about pre- 
 paring macaroni for your traveling companions and your- 
 self." 
 
 1 of. 2 y. 8 se restaurer. 4 let us see. 5 Omit. 
 
 EXERCISE XXV 
 100. Text 
 
 Le repas termine", la plus grave difficult^ se presenta 
 pour 1'aubergiste : c'etait de fournir des lits a tant de voy- 
 ageurs. Les premiers arrives s'e'taient empares de toutes 
 les chambres de la maison. Le roulier s'installa du mieux 
 qu'il put dans la salle commune, et les emigre's frangais 
 durent se rendre dans une petite fabrique attenant a 
 1'auberge, ou quelques mauvais lits avaient ete prepares 
 a la hate avec des matelas qui contenaient plus de paille 
 que de laine. 
 
 101. Translation 
 
 The beds of the inn were very bad ; they * had prepared 
 them hastily. The innkeeper's wife had put some in all 
 the rooms of the house, in the large hall, and in a factory 
 adjoining the inn. In their mattresses there was much 
 more straw than wool. When the meal was over, the 
 teamster said to his traveling companions: "A great 
 difficulty arises ; as we are not the first comers, we must 
 install ourselves as well as we can. My son and I 2 will 
 
58 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 take possession of a bed in the large hall where there are 
 already so many guests. The innkeeper wants you to go 
 to the small factory close to the house ; there they l will 
 supply you with mattresses and you will install yourselves 
 as well as you can. 3 The mattresses are filled only with 
 straw, but an innkeeper has great trouble in satisfying 
 everybody. The first comers have taken possession of the 
 mattresses which contain wool. The host cannot provide 
 with comfortable beds the numerous travelers who fill his 
 inn." 
 
 1 on. 2 Insert we. 8 Use the future. 
 
 1 
 
 EXERCISE XXVI 
 
 102, Text 
 
 Leur chambre n'etait separee de la piece voisine que par 
 une mince cloison en planches. A peine nos voyageurs 
 se furent-ils mis au lit qu'ils entendirent la voix de deux 
 hommes de 1'autre cote de la cloison. Le baron et la 
 baronne, fatigues du voyage et ne comprenant pas d'ail- 
 leurs ce que se disaient ces hommes, n'ecouterent pas et 
 ne tarderent pas a s'endormir. Edmond, au contraire, ne 
 perdit pas une seule parole, et quelques expressions qui 
 echapperent a ses voisins, le frapperent assez pour le tenir 
 eveille. 
 
 103. Translation 
 
 During the night, Edmund awoke the baron and said 
 to him : " You remember that after supper we went 1 to our 
 room. You were very much 2 fatigued by the journey and 
 you soon 3 went to bed. You were sleepy and scarcely 
 had you lain down when you fell asleep. I also was about 
 to fall asleep on my miserable bed when I heard two men 
 
LES QUATRE LANGUES 59 
 
 talking on the other side of the thin partition which sepa- 
 rates the next room from ours. Our neighbors continued 
 to talk and their voices 4 kept me awake. I would have 
 rapped at the board partition if I had not been afraid of 
 awakening you. Besides, no sooner had I understood a 
 few words than I set about listening to what they were 
 saying to each other. I did not lose a single one 2 of 
 their expressions ; nothing escaped me ; on the contrary, 
 I understood everything 5 they said, although 6 they spoke 
 very fast. 
 
 1 we betook ourselves ... 3 you did not delay in . . . 5 Insert that which. 
 
 2 Omit. * Use the singular. 6 See 84, 5. 
 
 EXERCISE XXVII 
 104. Text 
 
 "Ne parle pas si haut de peur qu'on ne t'entende," 
 disait Tun d'eux a son compagnon. " Eh ! qu'importe ? " 
 repondit celui-ci, "les Frangais qui sont a c6t6 de nous, ne 
 connaissent pas un mot d'italien, je m'en suis assure. Ne 
 crains done rien ; nous pouvons nous entretenir de notre 
 affaire a notre aise." Immobile dans son lit, Edmond con- 
 tinua a preter une oreille attentive. Des le commence- 
 ment, il avait devine les intentions de ces deux hommes. 
 N6anmoins, au lieu de crier, il se contint avec un sang- 
 froid au-dessus de son age. 
 
 105. Translation 
 
 I was not long in guessing their intentions. From the 
 very first I listened attentively to every one of their words 
 and I took good care not to a rap at the partition. One of 
 them said : " Let us not speak so loud, lest our neighbors 
 
60 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 should listen to what we say." The other answered him : 
 " Never mind! I can talk to you 2 about that affair with 
 perfect freedom. We have nothing to 3 fear ; they would 
 not understand us if they should hear us." The baron 
 said to his son: "Edmund, I want you 2 not to speak so 
 loud ; I am afraid you 4 will awaken your 5 mother. Go on, 
 now." "The two men who are in the next room are 
 Italians and think that we do not know a single word of 
 their native tongue. Instead of rapping at the partition, 
 I remained motionless in my poor bed, for I restrained 
 myself as well as I could ; I did not cry and they kept on 
 talking together." " My son," said the baron, "I congratu- 
 late you 2 upon possessing 6 a coolness beyond your 5 age." 
 "Nevermind!" Edmund answered; "I understood I could 
 render you a great service. However, I do not boast of it. 
 I came and 7 awoke 8 you after assuring myself that they 
 had fallen asleep." 
 
 1 se garder bien de. 3 k. 5 thy. 7 Omit. 
 
 2 thee. 4 thou. 6 Stre doue de. 8 Infinitive. 
 
 EXERCISE XXVIII 
 106. Text 
 
 Un bruit de bouteilles, accompagnant la conversation 
 des deux interlocuteurs, annongait qu'ils se donnaient du 
 courage, le verre a la main. A mesure qu'ils buvaient, ils 
 s'exprimaient avec plus d'abandon et de franchise. L'un 
 d'eux reprit : " Ils partiront demain matin au point du 
 jour ; avant d'arriver au village voisin, la route fait un 
 coude a la lisiere du bois ; nous irons nous poster a cet 
 endroit-la : il n'y en a pas de meilleur." "Mais s'ils se 
 defendent ? " 
 
LES QUATRE LANGUES 6 1 
 
 107. Translation 
 
 I did not lose a word of the talk of the two travelers 
 who are in the room adjoining ours. One of them said 
 to his companion : " Let us raise our courage by having a 
 drink." The other asked him: "Where shall we go and 
 take our stand ? " " Can't you guess ? We will place our- 
 selves at the edge of the wood, where there is a bend in 
 the road before reaching the next village ; there is not a 
 better spot in the whole country." " At what time shall 
 we start?" " At daybreak to-morrow morning, before 1 
 the travelers get up." " But suppose they should cry 
 out ? Are you not afraid that they will defend them- 
 selves?" "No, they are strangers, who do not speak 
 Italian ; they are French emigrants ; they will lose their 
 presence of mind, and will not defend themselves. Don't 
 be afraid." I heard a noise of bottles ; the two speakers 
 drank, and continued to express themselves more loudly ; 
 for you know that the more people 2 drink, the more 
 freely and unconstrainedly they 2 talk. 
 
 1 avant que (subjunctive). 2 on. 
 
 EXERCISE XXIX 
 108. Text 
 
 " Bah ! sois done tranquille ; ils n'ont pas d'armes. Us 
 pensent qu'ils n'en ont pas besoin et quand meme ils en 
 auraient, ils seront saisis de stupeur. Nous tirerons deux 
 ou trois coups de pistolet et ce sera une affaire termin^e. 
 Alors tout nous appartiendra. . . . Quelle bonne prise ! " 
 Les deux miserables cesserent de parler; Tun d'eux se 
 coucha et s'endormit ; 1'autre se mit a marcher de long en 
 large. 
 
62 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 109. Translation 
 
 One of the wretches went on : " Let us stop drinking 
 and talking. We are tired; let us go to bed and sleep. To- 
 morrow we shall need all our coolness and our courage." 
 But the other asked him : " I am afraid they have pistols, 
 or other weapons. Suppose they should begin to fire or 
 to make an outcry? Suppose they should defend them- 
 selves?" " Pshaw ! You may set your mind at ease," 
 answered his companion ; " I have assured myself that 
 those emigrants have no pistols. Besides, I also heard 
 the teamster say to his son that they would leave at 
 daybreak. The affair will be .settled in 1 a moment. We 
 have good arms. I shall walk up and down the 2 road 
 where there is a bend ; you will lie in ambush at the edge 
 of the wood. When the teamster, in whose cart they 
 travel, arrives at that place, you will fire two or three shots. 
 I shall speak to them frankly, and tell them : ' My friend 
 and I are robbers 3 ; you have no weapons. Instead of 
 shouting, give me all the money you have about you.' 
 Taken by surprise, the travelers will not fire, even if they 
 have pistols ; they will not cry, and will not defend them- 
 selves ; they will give us all that belongs to them. We 
 shall make a good capture, and we shall congratulate our- 
 selves on our coolness. What a good affair ! " 
 
 1 en. 2 Supply on. 3 voleur. 
 
 EXERCISE XXX 
 110. Text 
 
 Edmond se dirigea a tatons vers son pere et 1'eveilla : 
 " Mon pere," lui dit-il a voix basse, " il y a deux brigands 
 plans la chambre a cote ; ils veulent nous attendre demain 
 
LES QUATRE LANGUES 63 
 
 matin au detour de la route, au coin d'un bois, pour nous 
 assassiner et nous depouiller." Monsieur de Grandpre 
 resta un moment pensif, reflechissant au parti qu'il devait 
 prendre.; puis il se leva : " Viens avec moi, dit-il, mon cher 
 fils ; viens et surtout fais le moins de bruit possible." 
 
 111. Translation 
 
 The baron and his son remained thoughtful a moment. 
 Then Mr. de Grandpre said in a low voice : " Let us make 
 as little noise as possible so as not to 1 awaken your 
 mother, and let us consider the plan we must adopt. Did 
 you well understand the conversation of these two rob- 
 bers ? Will the rascals who are in the next room wait for 
 us to-morrow morning at the corner of a wood to get 
 possession of the little money we have about us? " "Yes," 
 replied Edmund, " I feel very proud of being able to ren- 
 der a great service to you. You must get up ; we will go 
 and awaken the innkeeper." " My dear son," said the 
 baron, "you possess a coolness beyond your age." The 
 child continued: "As soon as the robbers stopped talking 
 and fell asleep, I got up and groped my way to your bed 
 to awaken you. The wretches did not speak in a low 
 voice ; in proportion as they raised their courage, by 
 drinking, they expressed themselves with more uncon- 
 straint. Besides, they did not know that I understood 
 Italian, and I did not miss a word of all they said to each 
 other. Finally, one of them said to the other: 'You 
 will come with me at daybreak ; we will wait for them at 
 the turn of the road, and rob them. If they defend them- 
 selves, we shall murder them, and that will settle the 
 business/ What wretches ! " 
 
 1 de peur de. 
 
64 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 EXERCISE XXXI 
 112. Text 
 
 Le baron et son fils se dirigerent vers 1'auberge ; ils 
 frapperent a la porte. L'hote vint ouvrir et leur demanda 
 ce qu'ils voulaient ainsi au milieu de la nuit. Edmond 
 lui raconta tout. " Mais que faire ? " s'ecria 1'aubergiste, 
 epouvante a 1'idee d'avoir recueilli des assassins chez lui. 
 " N'y a-t-il pas un poste de police dans le voisinage ? " 
 demanda M. de Grandpre. " Oui, monsieur, a une lieue 
 d'ici." " Eh bien ! faites monter tout de suite quelqu'un 
 a cheval, ou plutot, allez-y vous-meme ; courez a bride 
 abattue avertir la force armee." 
 
 113. Translation 
 
 They make as little noise as possible in order to 
 awaken nobody, especially the robbers who sleep in the 
 room close to theirs. Groping their way towards the inn, 
 they awaken their host and hostess by 1 knocking at the 
 door. Terrified, the innkeeper listens with an attentive 
 ear, remains a moment thoughtful, and asks his wife : 
 "Who is rapping thus at our door in the middle of the 
 night? You 2 must come with me to open the door." 
 They reflect a moment upon the resolution they must 
 take. Then they come to the door and ask : " What do 
 you want thus in the middle of the night?" Edmund, 
 who serves as interpreter to his father, at once replies 
 in Italian : " Open the door and make as little noise as 
 possible. You need not be frightened. You have shel- 
 tered murderers in your house. Do not delay opening 
 the door and I shall tell you everything." " Murderers ! " 
 exclaims the hostess, "what shall we do 3 ? What plan 
 shall we adopt 3 ?" Then the host opens the door and 
 
LES QUATRE LANGUES 65 
 
 says : " I have a good idea ; there is a police station 
 in the next village, two leagues from here. Rather than 
 go 4 there myself, I am going to awaken the teamster 
 and I will have him mount on horseback to go and 
 warn the police." Edmund answers him: "Take care 
 not to awaken the other travelers; are there horses in 
 the neighborhood ? give me one and I will go myself. 
 I will make him run at full speed and I will relate to 
 the police all I heard." 
 
 1 en. 3 Use the infinitive without preposition. 
 
 2 thou. 4 Supply de. 
 
 EXERCISE XXXII 
 114. Text 
 
 Quelques minutes apres, 1'hote galopait vers le bourg 
 voisir^ Le baron tait retourne dans sa chambre avec 
 Edmond, tous deux gardant le plus profond silence. 
 Us ne se rendormirent pas et une heure plus tard, ils 
 entendirent leurs voisins descendre 1'escalier. Les deux 
 brigands trouverent dans la cour 1'aubergiste qui etait 
 deja revenu, lui payerent leur note et partirent. 
 
 115. Translation 
 
 Edmund, having adopted this plan, mounted on horse- 
 back in the court of the inn and said to them : " Keep 
 the greatest silence ; make as little noise as possible when 
 you go back to your rooms. I shall not make the horse 
 gallop : he will run at full speed." But his father said to 
 him : "You do not know the way; I fear you will lose your- 
 self." "Do not fear anything," he replied; "I shall find 
 the police station in the neighboring town, which is five or 
 
 FR. PROSE COMP. 5 
 
66 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 six miles 1 away from here, and I shall inform the police 2 
 that there are two murderers in this inn. Set your mind 
 at ease; I shall come back at once." The young boy 
 went away, and a few minutes later they could hear the 
 horse running at full speed. The hostess, the host, and 
 the baron returned to their rooms and made as little noise 
 as possible. Mr. de Grandpre did not fall asleep again, 
 and one hour later the robbers opened the door of their 
 room. Both went down the stairs, groping their way in 
 the deepest silence, so as not to awaken their neighbors. 
 The baron heard them leaving without paying their bills. 
 The innkeeper was not in the court and Edmund had not 
 yet returned. 
 
 1 mille. 2 la force armee. 
 
 EXERCISE XXXIII 
 116. Text 
 
 L'aube venait de paraitre quand le voiturier appela les 
 voyageurs. II se disposait a atteler lorsqu'on entendit 
 dans la rue un bruit de chevaux. On regarda et on 
 apergut deux hommes, les mains liees et tous deux blesses, 
 que quatre carabiniers conduisaient. C'etaient les bri- 
 gands. Avant d'avoir atteint leur embuscade, ils avaient 
 rencontre les soldats qui s'etaient empares d'eux, car 
 c'etaient deux bandits qu'on cherchait depuis longtemps 
 mais qu'on n'avait pu reussir a attraper. 
 
 117. Translation 
 
 One hour later, the travelers, called by the host, are 
 all in the court of the inn and are preparing to pay their 
 expenses and to depart. The teamsters are hitching up. 
 
LES QUATRE LANGUES 67 
 
 The dawn has long since appeared when they hear the 
 clatter of a horse running at full speed in the street which 
 leads to the neighboring town. A boy appears on horse- 
 back : it is Edmund; he is coming back. He at once 
 alights from his horse, relates to the travelers all he has 
 heard and done that night, and says to them : " Do you 
 hear the noise of horses ? Look in the street and you will 
 see four soldiers leading two men : they are the robbers of 
 whom I have just spoken to you. We were looking for 
 them for a long while and we did not know what plan to 
 adopt, for dawn had not yet appeared. However, we suc- 
 ceeded in meeting them before 1 they had reached their 
 ambuscade. But when the soldiers made ready to catch 
 them, they defended themselves and were both wounded. 
 Then the soldiers succeeded in seizing them and tied 
 their 2 hands. 2 They are the two bandits whom our host 
 had sheltered." 
 
 1 avant que (subjunctive). 2 the hands to them. 
 
 EXERCISE XXXIV 
 118. Text 
 
 Apres que les voyageurs eurent accable d'eloges le 
 jeune heros dont ils avaient appris le nom par 1'auber- 
 giste, la famille exilee continua sa route a travers r Italic 
 et arriva enfm a Rome. Le baron esperait y trouver un 
 emploi honorable, mais il eprouva un cruel desappointe- 
 ment. Apres bien des demarches inutiles, il fallut re- 
 noncer a tout espoir. Ce fut un coup terrible pour les 
 emigres qu'un si long voyage avait mis a bout de 
 ressources. 
 
68 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 119. Translation 
 
 Meanwhile, the teamster and his son had hitched up; 
 Mr. de Grandpre, after paying his bill to the innkeeper, 
 called the baroness. They climbed in the cart and got 
 ready to depart. It is needless to 1 say that the travel- 
 ers, calling Edmund a little hero, overwhelmed him with 
 praises for having caused 2 the two robbers to be caught. 
 The innkeeper had told them the young boy's name. 
 When his mother learned what he had done, she embraced 
 him and felt proud of having such a son. After they had 
 left the inn, the baron said to his family : " We must con- 
 tinue our journey through Italy; when we reach Rome, I 
 intend to settle there. As this long trip will exhaust our 
 resources, I hope I shall be able to find honorable employ- 
 ment in that city, although 3 we know nobody there. Let 
 us hope we shall not meet with any disappointment. I 
 shall take 4 many steps before giving up all hope. We 
 shall learn Italian and Edmund will serve as our 5 teacher 
 and interpreter. If I could not find any employment, it 
 would be a terrible disappointment, a cruel blow for us." 
 
 1 de< * make 
 
 2 made (followed by the active infinitive). 
 
 8 See 84, 5. * Sfrv * **"*> * 
 
 EXERCISE XXXV 
 120. Text 
 
 La sant6 de la baronne commen^a a souffrir de tant 
 de fatigues et de privations. Peu a peu, ils vendirent ce 
 qui leur restait de bijoux. Edmond ne comprenait que 
 trop bien la position de ses parents et il cherchait sans 
 cesse les moyens de leur venir en aide. Cependant leur 
 pauvrete" augmentait de jour en jour. Un soir, Edmond 
 
LES QUATRE LANGUES 69 
 
 rentra moins triste que de coutume et dit au baron : "Ah ! 
 mon pere, si je pouvais vous etre utile ! " Le lendemain, 
 il sortit de meilleure heure qu'a Fordinaire et dirigea ses 
 pas vers le magasin d'un libraire bien connu, M. Pietri. 
 
 121. Translation 
 
 When the exiled family reached Rome, they 1 met with a 
 great disappointment ; for, after many useless steps, the 
 baron gave up all hope of finding a situation. However, 
 one evening, Edmund, returning earlier and more cheerful 
 than usual, said to his parents : " Do you know Mr. Pietri ? 
 He is a very well-known bookseller ; his store is the largest 
 in 2 town ; it is, besides, the largest I have ever seen. Well, 
 this morning I went out early and walked toward his store. 
 I must tell you that I have but too well understood our 
 sad position. I know you have sold little by little the rest 
 of your jewels, because our long journey through the 
 greater part of Italy has exhausted our resources. Our 
 poverty is increasing daily. Destiny has overwhelmed us 
 with so many fatigues and privations that I fear your 
 health will suffer from it. 3 I have always looked for the 
 means of helping you without giving up all hope, and now 
 I have the consolation of telling you that I think I can 4 
 soon be useful to you." 
 
 1 she. 2 of the. 8 en. 4 Use the infinitive. 
 
 EXERCISE XXXVI 
 122. Text 
 
 II y entra et demanda a parler au maitre de la maison. 
 On Fintroduisit dans son cabinet. Le libraire jeta les yeux 
 
70 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 sur ce jeune gargon qui se presentait avec un air de con- 
 fiance modeste et lui demanda : " Que voulez-vous, mon 
 enfant? " " Monsieur," repondit celui-ci, " en passant hier 
 devant votre librairie, il m'est venu une idee. Je me suis 
 dit : ' qui sait si Ton n'a pas besoin de quelqu'un qui sache 
 traduire en italien des livres anglais, frangais ou allemands 
 et rediger des lettres de commerce ? ' . . . Alors, Monsieur, 
 j'ai pris la liberte de venir vous parler aujourd'hui." 
 
 123. Translation 
 
 The baron asked the boy: "What do you mean 1 ? 
 Edmund, has a good idea struck you to-day ? " " Yes," 
 replied the latter ; " as I was passing before the well-known 
 bookstore of Mr. Pietri, I said t6 myself: 'Who knows 
 whether that bookseller might 2 not give me a situation ? ' 
 Confidence returned to me at once ; I took the liberty to 
 present myself in the store, where I asked to be shown 3 
 into the private office of the master of the house. I 
 entered there with a modest air, and the bookseller, casting 
 his eyes on me, asked : ' What can I do for you, my boy ? 
 Why do you ask to speak to me? Can I be useful to 
 you?* 'Sir,' I answered him, 'yesterday I happened to 4 
 pass before your store and an idea struck me. My father, 
 who is a French emigrant, has been unable to find employ- 
 ment. I understand but too well the position of my 
 parents, whose poverty is daily increasing, and I am look- 
 ing continually for the means of helping them. I know 
 four languages : French, Italian, English, and German. I 
 came to speak to you, with the hope that you may need 
 somebody who knows 5 how to write business letters. 
 
 1 wish to say. 3 that one should introduce (subj.) me . . . 
 
 2 Conditional. 4 venir 3u 5 Subjunctive. 
 
LES QUATRE LANGUES 71 
 
 EXERCISE XXXVII 
 124. Text 
 
 Le libraire lui posa quelques questions et ayant appris 
 Thistoire des malheurs de sa famille, il lui dit d'une voix 
 emue : " Vous etes un brave enfant que Dieu benira ; 
 revenez demain matin et je vous emploierai chez moi." 
 Le lendemain, il ne manqua pas de se rendre chez M. 
 Pietri qui lui dicta en italien quelques lettres de commerce 
 pour ses clients a 1'etranger. Edmond les traduisait en 
 frangais, en allemand ou en anglais au fur et a mesure qu'il 
 entendait 1'italien. Le libraire lui donna en outre a traduire 
 des livres qu'il voulait publier en plusieurs langues. 
 
 125. Translation 
 
 "Mr. Pietri answered me: ' God blesses good l children. 
 The story of your parents' misfortunes has moved me very 
 much. You have done well to 2 present yourself in my 
 store and to 2 ask to be shown into my private office. I do 
 not need to question you, for I have confidence in 3 you. 
 If I cannot employ you in my house, I shall try all means 
 of helping you 4 and your parents. Do not fail to come 
 back to-morrow morning early. I will dictate to you a few 
 business letters for my clients abroad, and you will trans- 
 late them into English, German, or French as fast as you 
 hear 5 the Italian. I shall see whether you can be useful 
 to me, for I need in my bookstore somebody who knows 
 foreign languages to translate a few Italian books that 
 I intend to publish. Besides, you will answer the ques- 
 tions of foreign customers who come every day into my 
 store and cannot speak Italian.' I answered him with 
 a faltering voice : l Sir, I thank you very much. How 
 
/2 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 happy my parents will be ! I shall not fail to come 
 to-morrow morning very early.' ' 
 
 1 the. 3 4 Use you twice: before and after the verb. 
 
 2 de. 5 Use the future. 
 
 EXERCISE XXXVUI 
 126. Text 
 
 Pour ces divers travaux, il lui alloua un traitement de 
 cent francs par mois : ce qui suffit pour mettre ses parents 
 a 1'abri du besoin et meme pour leur permettre de faire 
 quelques epargnes. On ne peut se figurer la felicite 
 d'Edmond. II ne se passait pas de jour qu'il ne s'ecriat 
 avec emotion: "Que je suis heureux d'avoir appris les 
 langues etrangeres ! " 
 
 127. Translation 
 
 The next morning, very early, Edmund went to Mr. 
 Pietri's store and he wrote many business letters for 
 abroad. Several customers who did not speak Italian came 
 into the bookstore, and he answered their questions with 
 an air of modest confidence. You cannot imagine his 
 happiness when he returned in the evening to his parents' 
 home. He exclaimed with emotion : " Dear parents, Mr. 
 Pietri, the bookseller, has allowed me a salary of one hun- 
 dred francs a month for my various services. Are you 
 not happy that I have 1 learned foreign languages? A 
 hundred francs a month ! Twelve hundred francs a year ! 
 That is enough ; that will place us above want. We shall 
 even be able to save some money. Allow me to tell you 
 what I have done to-day ; I have translated into English, 
 French, or German several business letters for clients 
 
LES QUATRE LANGUES 73 
 
 abroad as fast as Mr. Pietri dictated them to me. Besides, 
 I have answered the questions of many customers who 
 do not know a single word of Italian. A salary of one 
 hundred francs a month for those services ! Is that not 
 enough ? Imagine my happiness ! You are now above 
 want. Not a day will pass without my thanking you for 2 
 having made me learn foreign languages." 
 
 1 Subjunctive. 2 de. 
 
 EXERCISE XXXIX 
 128, Text 
 
 Au bout de quelques annees d'exil, nos emigres virent 
 arriver le terme de leurs maux. Un gouvernement plus 
 doux s'etait etabli en France. Quelques amis etaient 
 parvenus a faire rayer le nom de M. de Grandpre" de la 
 liste de proscription et a recouvrer une grande partie de 
 ses biens qui n'avaient pas te vendus. Les exiles allaient 
 enfin revoir leur patrie apres tant de souffrances. 
 
 129. Translation 
 
 At the end of a few months, Edmund's parents were 
 sheltered from want. They even succeeded in saving 
 something. But they were not happy; they could not 
 give up all hope of seeing again their country. Several 
 years elapsed without 1 their seeing the termination of their 
 exile. Finally, one day, the baron received from a friend 
 of his the following letter : 
 
 DEAR FRIENDS : The termination of your trials has 
 come ; you will at last be able to see again your fatherland 
 after so many privations and sufferings. A milder form 
 
74 FRENCH PROSE COMPOSITION 
 
 of government has been established in France. Your pos- 
 sessions have not been sold and you will succeed in get- 
 ting back the greater part of them. Besides, you know 
 that we never gave up the hope of having your name 
 erased from the list of emigrants : after many steps, we 
 have succeeded in doing it. How happy we shall be to 
 see you again after so many years of exile ! 
 Sincerely yours, 
 
 V. de L. 
 
 1 sans que (subjunctive). 
 
 EXERCISE XL 
 130. Text 
 
 Us revinrent en France et en foulerent le sol avec 
 ravissement. Le baron et la baronne ne pouvaient se 
 lasser de dire et de redire comment leur fils avait ete leur 
 interprets, leur soutien, leur sauveur. Edmond n'en conut 
 pas d'orgueil. Mais on assure que, plus tard, marie lui- 
 meme et devenu pere de famille, lorsque ses enfants se de- 
 courageaient a cause des difficultes que leur offrait 1'etude 
 des langues, il se plaisait, pour relever leur courage, a leur 
 raconter son histoire. 
 
 131. Translation 
 
 Can you l imagine the rapture and the happiness of our 
 poor emigrants ? How happy they were ! The baron said 
 to his son : " To-morrow morning we must go and thank 
 Mr. Pietri for having helped us ; we shall tell him that the 
 end of our trials has come and that we are at last able to 
 see again our dear country. In a few days we shall return 
 
LES QUATRE LANGUES 75 
 
 to France. With what rapture we shall tread her soil ! 
 We shall see again our good friends and we shall delight 
 in relating to them your story without ever getting weary 
 of it. I know you will not grow vain on that account. 2 
 Later, when you are married and 3 have become the head 
 of a family, your children must learn foreign languages, 
 and I assure you that if they get disheartened by the diffi- 
 culties this study may offer to them, I shall renew their 
 courage by 4 telling them again and again how you have 
 been our interpreter, our support, our savior! May 5 God 
 bless you ! " 
 
 1 on. 2 of it. 3 Supply that you ... * en. 6 que (subjunctive). 
 
ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 adj. = adjective imp. = imperfect pi. = plural 
 
 adv. = adverb imper. = imperative prep. = preposition 
 
 art. = article ind. = indicative pres. = present 
 
 cond. = conditional irr. = irregular pret. = preterit 
 
 conj. = conjunction in. = masculine pron. = pronoun 
 
 f. = feminine p. = past sing. = singular 
 
 fut. = future part. = participle subj. = subjunctive 
 
 76 
 
FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 a, pres, ind. of avoir ; il y a, there is, 
 there are ; ago. 
 
 a, at, to, in, on, of, by, with, below. 
 
 abandon, m., unconstraint. 
 
 abattue, see bride, 
 ^abord (d') at first. 
 
 abri, m., shelter ; mettre a Pabri de, 
 to shelter from, to place above. 
 
 absolument, absolutely. 
 
 accabler, to overwhelm. 
 
 accepter, to accept. 
 
 accident, m., accident. 
 
 acclimatation, see jardin. 
 
 accompagner, to accompany, to escort. 
 
 acheter, to buy. 
 
 activer, to hasten. 
 
 adieu, m., farewell. 
 
 admirer, to admire. 
 
 adresse, f., address. 
 
 adresser, to address, ask. 
 
 affaire, f., affair, business ; pi., busi- 
 ness matters, things. 
 
 age, m., age. 
 
 agiter, to excite. 
 
 aide, f., help ; venir en aide, to help. 
 
 ailleurs (d'), besides. 
 
 aimable, amiable, kind. 
 
 aimer, to like. 
 
 ainsi, thus. 
 
 air, m., air. 
 
 aise, f., ease ; a notre aise, with per- 
 fect freedom. 
 
 ait, pres. subj. of avoir. 
 
 Allemagne, f., Germany. 
 
 allemand, m., German. 
 
 aller, irr., to go ; aller mieux, to feel 
 better. 
 
 aller, m., single ticket ; aller et re- 
 tour, return ticket. 
 
 allouer, to allow. 
 
 allure, f., gait, pace. 
 
 alors, then. 
 
 ami, m., friend. 
 
 amities, f. pi., regards, love. 
 
 amusement, m., diversion. 
 
 amuser (s'), to enjoy oneself. 
 
 an, m., year. 
 
 anglais, -e, English. 
 
 Angleterre, f., England. 
 
 anne"e, f., year. 
 
 annoncer, to announce. 
 
 apercevoir, irr., to perceive, to see. 
 
 aperc.oit, pres. ind. of apercevoir. 
 
 aperc.ut, pret. of apercevoir. 
 
 aperc.urent, pret. of apercevoir. 
 
 appartenir, irr. (like tenir), to belong. 
 
 appartiendra, fut. of appartenir. 
 
 appeler, to call. 
 
 appetit, m., appetite. 
 
 apporter, to bring. 
 
 apprendre, irr. (like prendre}, to 
 learn. 
 
 77 
 
FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 appris, -e, p. part, of apprendre. 
 
 approche, see lunette. 
 
 approcher, to approach. 
 
 apres, after, for ; apres que, after. 
 
 aquilin, -e, aquiline, Roman. 
 
 arbre, m., tree. 
 
 arc de triomphe, m., triumphal 
 
 arch. 
 
 argent, m., money. 
 arme, f., arm, weapon, 
 armer, to arm. 
 arranger, to settle. 
 arret, m., stop. 
 
 arreter, to stop; s'arreter, to stop, 
 arrive^ m., comer, arrival, 
 arrived, f., arrival, coming, 
 arriver, to arrive, to come, 
 ascenseur, m., elevator, 
 assassin, m., murderer. 
 assassiner, to murder. 
 asseoir (s 1 ), irr., to sit down, 
 assez, enough, 
 assied, pres. ind. of s asseoir. 
 assis, -e, p. part, of s 'asseoir. 
 assurer, to assure. 
 atlantique, Atlantic. 
 atteindre, irr. (like craindre), to 
 
 reach. 
 
 atteint, -e, p. part of atteindre. 
 atteler, to hitch up. 
 attenant, close to, adjoining, 
 attendre, to await, to wait for. 
 attente, see salle. 
 attenti-f, -ve, attentive. 
 attraper, to catch. 
 au = a + le (art.). 
 aube, f., dawn, 
 auberge, f., inn. 
 aubergiste, m., innkeeper, 
 aucun, -e, any, no. 
 au-dessus de, over, beyond. 
 augmenter, to increase. 
 
 aujourd'hui, to-day. 
 
 auraient, cond. of avoir. 
 
 aurez, fut. of avoir. 
 
 auriez, cond of avoir. 
 
 auront, fut. of avoir. 
 
 aussi, also, as. 
 
 aussitot que, as soon as. 
 
 autour de, around. 
 
 autre, other. 
 
 aux = a + les (art.). 
 
 avait, imp. ind. of avoir. 
 
 avant, before. 
 
 avantageu-x, -se, advantageous, good. 
 
 avec, with. 
 
 avenir, m., future. 
 
 avertir, to warn, to notify. 
 
 avez, pres. ind. of avoir. 
 
 avoir, irr., to have; avoir sommeil, 
 to be sleepy; avoir besoin, to need; 
 avoir raison, to be right; avoir 
 tort, to be wrong; avoir chaud, to 
 be warm; avoir beau . . ., to do 
 something in vain. 
 
 ayez, imper. of avoir. 
 
 B 
 
 bagages, m. pi., luggage. 
 
 bah ! pshaw ! 
 
 baisser, to pull down. 
 
 baleine, f., whale. 
 
 ballotter, to toss about. 
 
 bane, m., bench. 
 
 bandit, m., bandit. 
 
 baron, m., baron. 
 
 baronne, f., baroness. 
 
 barridre, f., gate. 
 
 bas, -se, low. 
 
 bas, adv.; see mettre. 
 
 bateau, m., boat, ship ; bateau a 
 
 vapeur, steamer ; bateau a voiles, 
 
 sailing boat. 
 
FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 79 
 
 beau, bel, -le, beautiful, fine; avoir 
 
 beau . . ., to do something in 
 
 vain. 
 beaucoup, much, very much, a great 
 
 deal, many. 
 belle, f. of beau. 
 b6nir, to bless. 
 besoin, m., need, want ; avoir besoin 
 
 de, to need, to be in need of. 
 bibliotheque, f., library. 
 bicyclette, f., bicycle ; a bicyclette, 
 
 on a bicycle. 
 bicycliste, m., bicyclist. 
 bien, adv., well, very ; bien que, 
 
 although ; bien des, many, 
 bien, m., possession. 
 bientot, soon, 
 bijou, m., jewel, 
 billet, m., ticket, 
 blesser, to wound, 
 bleu, -e, blue. 
 boire, irr., to drink. 
 bois, m., wood. 
 bon, -ne, good, comfortable, 
 bonte, f., kindness. 
 bottine, f., boot. 
 bouche, f., mouth. 
 boulevard, m., boulevard, 
 bouleverser, to upset. 
 bourg, m., town, 
 bourgeois, -e, see pension. 
 Bourse, f., Stock Exchange, 
 bout, m., end ; mettre a bout de 
 
 ressources, to exhaust somebody's 
 
 resources. 
 
 bouteille, f., bottle. 
 brave, good. 
 bride, f., bridle ; a bride abattue, at 
 
 full speed. 
 brigand, m., robber. 
 brouillard, m., fog. 
 bruit, m., noise, sound, clatter. 
 
 buffet, m., dining hall. 
 
 bureau, m., office. 
 
 but, m., goal. 
 
 buvaient, imp. ind. of boire. 
 
 C> = ce (pron.). 
 
 cabine, f., cabin, berth. 
 
 cabinet, m., private office. 
 
 cadeau, m., present. 
 
 calme, calm. 
 
 campagne, f., country, fields. 
 
 capitaine, m., captain. 
 
 car, conj., for. 
 
 carabinier, m., soldier. 
 
 cas, m., case ; au cas que, in case. 
 
 Catacombes, f. pi., Catacombs. 
 
 cause, f., cause; a cause de, on ac- 
 count of. 
 
 ce, cet, -te, adj., this, that. 
 
 ce, pron., that, it, he ; ce qui, that 
 which (subject); ce que, that 
 which (object). 
 
 cela, pron., that. 
 
 celle, f. of celui. 
 
 celui, pron., this, that. 
 
 celui-ci, this one, the latter. 
 
 cent, hundred. 
 
 centime, m., centime. 
 
 central, -e, central. 
 
 cependant, however, meanwhile, yet. 
 
 ces (pi. of adj. ce), these, those. 
 
 cesse, see sans. 
 
 cesser, to stop. 
 
 cet, see adj. ce. 
 
 cette, f. of adj. ce; cette . . . -ci, this; 
 cette ... -la, that. 
 
 ceux, pron., these, those. 
 
 chacun, -e, each one, every one. 
 
 chaise, f., chair. 
 
 chale, m., shawl. 
 
 chambre, f., room. 
 
8o 
 
 FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 champ, m., field. 
 
 changer, to change. 
 
 chanter, to sing. 
 
 chapeau, m., hat. 
 
 chaque, each, every. 
 
 charger, to intrust. 
 
 chariot, m., cart. 
 
 charmant, -e, charming. 
 
 chatain, -e, dark -brown. 
 
 chateau, m., castle. 
 
 chaud, -e, warm; avoir chaud, to be 
 
 warm. 
 
 chaudement, warmly, 
 chemin, m., road; chemin de fer, 
 
 railroad; en chemin de fer, by 
 
 rail. 
 
 chemise, f., shirt. 
 cher, chere, dear, 
 chercher, to look for. 
 cheval, m., horse; a cheval, on 
 
 horseback. 
 
 chevaux, pi. of cheval. 
 cheveu, m., hair. 
 chez, to, at, or in the house of; chez 
 
 vous, to, at, or in your house. 
 choisir, to choose, to select, 
 chose, f., thing, 
 ciel, m., sky. 
 cimetiere, m., cemetery, 
 classe, f., class. 
 Clef, f., key. 
 
 client, m., client, customer, 
 cloche, f., bell, 
 cloison, f., partition; cloison en 
 
 planches, board partition. 
 cocher, m., coachman, 
 coin, m., corner. 
 colis, m., package. 
 colline, f., hill, 
 colonne, f., column. 
 combien, how much, how many. 
 come"die, f., comedy. 
 
 comme, conj., as. 
 
 commencement, m., beginning. 
 
 commencer, to begin. 
 
 comment, how. 
 
 commerce, m., business. 
 
 commission, f., errand. 
 
 commun, -e, common, general. 
 
 compagnie, f., company. 
 
 compagnon, m., companion; com- 
 pagnon de voyage, traveling com- 
 panion. 
 
 compartiment, m., compartment. 
 
 compliment, m., compliment, regard. 
 
 comprenant, pres. part, ot comprendre. 
 
 comprendre, irr. (like prendre), to 
 understand. 
 
 compris, -e, p. part, of comprendre. 
 
 compter, to count, to intend. 
 
 concevoir, irr. (like recevoir}, to con- 
 ceive; concevoir de 1'orgueil, to 
 grow vain. 
 
 congut, pret. of concevoir. 
 
 conduire, irr., to conduct, to lead, to 
 take. 
 
 conduisaient, imp. ind. of conduire. 
 
 confiance, f., confidence. 
 
 connaissent, pres. ind. of connaitre. 
 
 connaitre, irr., to know, to be ac- 
 quainted with. 
 
 connu, -e, p. part, of connaitre. 
 
 conseil, m.,. advice. 
 
 consolation, f., consolation. 
 
 contenaient, imp. ind. of contenir. 
 
 contenir, irr. (like z/iV),to contain; 
 se contenir, to restrain oneself. 
 
 content, -e, pleased, glad. 
 
 contenter, to satisfy. 
 
 contint, pret. of contenir. 
 
 continuer, to continue, to go on, to 
 keep on. 
 
 contraindre, irr. (like craindre), to 
 oblige, to force. 
 
FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 81 
 
 contraint, -e, p. part, of contraindre. 
 
 contraire (au), on the contrary. 
 
 centre, against. 
 
 conversation, f., talk. 
 
 cote, f., coast. 
 
 cote", m., side; a cote and a cote de 
 
 nous, in the next room, 
 coucher (se), to go to bed. 
 coucher, m., setting. 
 couchette, f., bed. 
 coude, m., bend, 
 coup, m., blow, shot; coup de pis- 
 
 tolet, pistol shot; tout a coup, 
 
 suddenly. 
 cour, f., court. 
 courage, m., courage. 
 couramment, fluently. 
 courez, pres. ind. and imper. of courir. 
 courir, irr., to run. 
 cousin, m., cousin. 
 cousine, f., cousin. 
 couter, to cost. 
 coutume (de), usual, 
 couvert, -e, p. part, of convrir. 
 couverture, f., covering; couverture 
 
 de voyage, lap robe. 
 couvrir, irr. (like ouvrir}, to cover, 
 craindre, irr., to fear, to be afraid 
 
 of. 
 
 Grains, pres. ind. and imper. of craindre. 
 craint, pres. ind. of craindre. 
 cri, m., cry; a grands cris, loudly. 
 crier, to cry, to make an outcry, to 
 
 shout. 
 
 croire, irr., to believe. 
 cruel, -le, cruel. 
 
 d' = de. 
 
 d'abord, see abord. 
 d'ailleurs, see ailleurs. 
 dame, f., lady. 
 
 FR. PROSE COMP. 6 
 
 dans, in, into. 
 
 danser, to dance. 
 
 Dauphine", m., Dauphine, an old 
 
 French province. 
 de, prep., of, from, to, for, with, on, 
 
 about. 
 
 de, partitive art., some, any. 
 debarcaddre, m., landing place. 
 debarquer, to land. 
 debout, adv., standing. 
 declarer, to declare; quelque chose 
 
 a declarer, anything dutiable, 
 decourager (se), to get disheartened. 
 decret, m., sentence. 
 defendre, to defend. 
 de"ja, already. 
 de" jeuner, to breakfast. 
 de" jeuner, m., breakfast. 
 demain, to-morrow. 
 demander, to ask, to ask for, to call 
 
 for. 
 
 demarche, f., step. 
 demi, -e, half, 
 dentelle, f., lace. 
 depart, m., departure. 
 de"pecher (se), to hurry up. 
 de"pouiller, to rob. 
 depuis, since ; depuis longtemps, 
 
 long since, for a long while, 
 depute", m., deputy, representative. 
 derni-er, -dre, last. 
 des = de + les (art.), of the, from the; 
 
 some, any. 
 dds, from ; dds votre arrived, as soon 
 
 as you arrive; ds le commence- 
 ment, from the very first; dds que, 
 
 as soon as. 
 
 de'sappointement, m., disappointment. 
 descendre, to alight, to go down, to 
 
 stop. 
 
 description, f., description, 
 desirer, to desire. 
 
82 
 
 FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 destination, f., destination. 
 
 detour, m., turn. 
 
 deux, two ; tous deux, both. 
 
 devaient, imp. ind. of devoir. 
 
 devant, before. 
 
 devenir, irr. (like venir), to become. 
 
 devenu, p. part, of devenir. 
 
 devient, pres. ind. of devenir. 
 
 deviner, to guess. 
 
 devoir, irr., must, to be obliged to, to 
 have to, to be to. 
 
 devoir, m., duty; see mettre. 
 
 dieter, to dictate. 
 
 Dieu, m., God. 
 
 difficult^ f., difficulty. 
 
 diner, m., dinner. 
 
 dire, irr., to say, to tell ; dire et re- 
 dire, to tell again and again. 
 
 direct, -e, direct, through. 
 
 directement, directly. 
 
 diriger, to direct ; se diriger, to 
 direct one's steps ; se diriger a 
 tatons, to grope one's way. 
 
 disait, imp. ind. of dire. 
 
 disaient, imp. ind. of dire. 
 
 disparaitre, irr. (like parattre], to 
 disappear. 
 
 disposer (se), to prepare, to get ready, 
 to make ready. 
 
 disposition, f., ability. 
 
 dit, pres. ind. of dire. 
 
 dit, pret. of dire. 
 
 dit, -e, p. part, of dire. 
 
 divers, -e, various. 
 
 doit, pres. ind. of devoir. 
 
 done, then. 
 
 donner, to give ; donner de ses nou- 
 velles, to write ; se donner du 
 courage, to raise one's courage. 
 
 dont, of which, of whom. 
 
 dormir, irr., to sleep. 
 
 douane, f., custom-house. 
 
 douanier, m., custom-house officer. 
 
 douce, f. of doux. 
 
 doue, -e, gifted ; etre doue de, to be 
 
 endowed by nature with. 
 doute, m., doubt. 
 dou-x, -ce, gentle, mild. 
 drame, m., drama. 
 droite, f., right side. 
 du = de + le (art.), of the, from the ; 
 
 some, any. 
 
 duquel, of whom, of which. 
 durent, pret. of devoir. 
 dut, imp. subj. of devoir. 
 
 eau, f., water. 
 Sbranler (s'), to start. 
 ^changer, to exchange. 
 chapper, to escape. 
 - e"clater, to break out. 
 6cole, f., school. 
 Scouter, to listen to. 
 6crier (s'), to exclaim. 
 e"crire, irr., to write. 
 Edmond, Edmund. 
 Education, f., education, 
 effets, m. pi., things, clothes. 
 e"gal, -e, equal ; 6gal a, as great as. 
 Sglise, f., church. 
 eh! well! 
 eh bien ! well ! 
 elle, she, her, it (subject). 
 e*loge, m., praise, 
 embarcadere, m., pier. 
 embarquer (s'), to embark. 
 embarras, m., embarrassment, diffi- 
 culty. 
 
 embrasser, to kiss. 
 embuscade, f., ambuscade. 
 emigre, m., emigrant. 
 emotion, f., emotion. 
 emouvoir, irr., to move. 
 
FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 (s') de, to take possession of. 
 emploi, m., employment, situation. 
 employe, m., employee, clerk. 
 employer, to employ. 
 emporter, to carry away, to sweep 
 
 away. 
 
 ^-empresser (s'), to hasten, 
 emu, -e, p. part, of emouvoir. 
 en, prep., in, into, by, while ; en un 
 
 mot, in short. 
 en, pron., some, any ; of it ; of them ; 
 
 on account of it. 
 
 encore, still ; encore un, one more, 
 endormir (s'), irr. (like dormir}, to 
 
 fall asleep. 
 
 endroit, m., place, spot. 
 enfant, m., child, 
 enfin, at last. 
 
 ennuyer (s>), to have a dull time, 
 enorgueillir (s j ), to feel proud, to 
 
 boast. 
 
 enregistrer, to check, 
 ensuite, afterwards. 
 entendre, to hear, 
 enthousiaste, enthusiastic. 
 entrefaites (sur ces), meanwhile, 
 entrepont, m., steerage, 
 entreprendre, irr. (like prendre), to 
 
 undertake. 
 entrer, to enter, 
 entretenir (s>) (like tenir), to talk 
 
 together, 
 entrevoir, irr. (like voir),to catch a 
 
 glimpse of. 
 envahir, to throng, 
 envelopper, to wrap up. 
 envie, f., desire; avoir envie de, to 
 
 have a mind to. 
 environs, m. pi., suburbs. 
 envoyer, irr., to send. 
 epargne, f., saving ; faire des 6par- 
 
 gnes, to save money. 
 
 Spouvanter, to frighten, to terrify. 
 
 eprouver, to meet with. 
 
 escalier, m., stairs. 
 
 espece, f., kind, sort. 
 
 esperer, to hope. 
 
 esplanade, f., esplanade. 
 
 espoir, m., hope. 
 
 essayer, to try. 
 
 est, pres. ind. of etre. 
 
 estimer, to consider. 
 
 et, and. 
 
 Stablir, to establish. 
 
 etat, m., state ; etre en e*tat de, to 
 
 be able to. 
 
 Etats-Unis, m. pi., United States. 
 etc. = et cetera, and so forth. 
 e"te", m., summer. 
 Ste", p. part, of etre. 
 tes, pres. ind. of etre. 
 e"toile, f., star. 
 
 etrang-er, -e"re, adj., foreign. 
 etranger, m., n., stranger; a 1'^tran- 
 
 ger, abroad. 
 etre, irr., to be. 
 e"tude, f., study. 
 Studier, to study. 
 eu, p. part, of avoir. 
 eurent, pret. of avoir. 
 Europe, f., Europe, 
 eux, them. 
 eVeiller, to awaken; s'e*veiller, to 
 
 awake. ' 
 eViter, to avoid. 
 examiner, to examine. 
 exe"cuter, to carry on. 
 exiguite, f., slenderness. 
 exil, m., exile. 
 exile, m., exile. 
 exiler, to exile. 
 express, m., express, 
 expression, f., expression. 
 exprimer, to express. 
 
8 4 
 
 FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 fable, f., fable. 
 
 fabrique, f., factory. 
 
 facilement, easily. 
 
 faille, pres. subj. of falloir. 
 
 faim, f., hunger; avoir faim, to be 
 hungry. 
 
 faire, to make, to do, to have, to 
 cause; faire ses adieux, to bid 
 farewell; faire appeler, to send 
 for; ne faire que (infinitive), to 
 contribute to. 
 
 fais, pres. ind. of faire. 
 
 fait, pres. ind. of faire. 
 
 fait, -e, p. part, of fairs. 
 
 faites, pres. ind. and imper. of faire. 
 
 falloir, irr., to be necessary. 
 
 fallut, pret. vi falloir. 
 
 fameu-x, -se, well-known. 
 
 famille, f., family. 
 
 fatigue, f., fatigue. 
 
 fatiguer, to tire. 
 
 faut, pres. ind. of falloir. 
 
 faute, f., mistake. 
 
 felicite, f., happiness. 
 
 fe"liciter, to congratulate. 
 
 femme, f., wife. 
 
 fenetre, f., window. 
 
 fer, m., iron; see chemin. 
 
 fera, fut. of faire. 
 
 fermer, to close, to shut. 
 
 ferons, fut. of faire. 
 
 fiacre, m., cab. 
 
 figurer (se), to imagine. 
 
 filet, m., rack. 
 
 fils, m. son. 
 
 finir, to end. 
 
 fit, pret. of faire. 
 
 fixer (se), to settle. 
 
 fleur, f., flower. 
 
 fleuri, -e, flowery. 
 
 fleuve, m., river. 
 
 fois, f., time; une fois, once; deux 
 
 fois, twice. 
 
 force armee, f., armed force, police, 
 foret, f., forest. 
 foule, f., crowd, 
 fouler, to tread. 
 fourneau, m., stove. 
 fournir, to supply, to provide with. 
 frais, fraiche, fresh. 
 franc, m., franc. 
 francais, -e, French, 
 frangais, m., French. 
 Francois, m. , Frenchman. 
 France, f., France, 
 franchise, f., freedom. 
 frapper, to strike, to rap, to knock. 
 frere, m., brother. 
 
 froid, -e, cold; faire froid, to be cold, 
 front, m., forehead. 
 frontiere, f., frontier. 
 fuir, irr., to fly. 
 
 fur; au fur et a mesure que, as fast as. 
 f urent, pret. of etre. 
 fus, pret. of etre. 
 fut, pret. of etre. 
 futur, -e, future. 
 
 gagner, to gain. 
 
 galoper, to gallop. 
 
 garc,on, m., boy, waiter. 
 
 garder, to keep; se garder bien de, 
 
 to take good care not to. 
 gare, f., station, 
 gauche, f., left side; a gauche, on the 
 
 left. 
 gener, to inconvenience, to be in the 
 
 way. 
 
 general, -e, general. 
 gong, m., gong. 
 
 gouvernement, m., government. 
 grand, -e, large, loud. 
 
FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABUlJ 
 
 f 
 
 A^' 
 
 TY 
 
 grave, great. 
 guerre, f., war. 
 guichet, m., ticket office. 
 
 habile, skillful, able. 
 
 habiller, to dress. 
 
 habit, m., coat. 
 
 *halle, f., market. 
 
 *hameau, m., hamlet. 
 
 harmonieu-x, -se, harmonious. 
 
 *hate, f., haste; en toute hate and 
 
 a la hate, hastily, in haste. 
 *hater (se), to hasten. 
 *haut, -e, high. 
 *haut, adv., loud. 
 *Havre (Le), a French seaport. 
 *heros, m., hero, 
 heure, f., hour, o'clock, time; a 
 
 Theure, on time; de bonne heure, 
 
 early. 
 
 heureu-x, -se, happy. 
 hier, yesterday. 
 histoire, f., history, story. 
 homme, m., man. 
 honorable, honorable. 
 hopital, m., hospital. 
 horizon, m., horizon. 
 note, m., host. 
 hotel, m., hotel; h6tel de ville, City 
 
 Hall. 
 
 hotesse, f., hostess. 
 *Hume, Hume (1711-1776). 
 
 ici, here; par ici, this way. 
 idee, f., idea. 
 
 SAI IFO 
 
 ignorer, not to kntfw. 
 
 il, he, it (subject); il y a, there is, 
 
 there are; ago. 
 ils, they. 
 
 immobile, motionless. 
 impatience, f., impatience. 
 importer, to matter ; qu'importe ? 
 
 never mind. 
 
 impression, f., impression, 
 indicateur, m., guide. 
 indiquer, to indicate, to assign. 
 installer, to install. 
 instant, m., instant. 
 instruction, f., instruction. 
 intention, f., intention, 
 interessant, -e, interesting. 
 intSret, m. , interest. 
 interieur, m., inside. 
 interlocuteur, m., speaker. 
 interprete, m., interpreter. 
 introduire, irr. (like conduire)^ to 
 
 show. into. 
 
 introduisit, pret. of introduire, 
 inutile, useless. 
 ira, fut. of aller. 
 irons, fut. of aller. 
 Italic, f., Italy, 
 italien, -ne, Italian. 
 italien, m., Italian. 
 
 jamais, ever, never, 
 jardin, m., garden; jardin d'acclima- 
 tation, zoological garden. 
 
 je,I. 
 
 Jeter, to throw, to cast. 
 
 jeune, young. 
 
 joli, -e, pretty. 
 
 * The initial h of these words was formerly aspirate ; therefore no elision 
 takes place before it. 
 
86 
 
 FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 jouer, to play; jouer du piano, to 
 
 play on the piano, 
 jouir de, to enjoy. 
 jour, m., day; tous les jours, every 
 
 day; de jour en jour, daily. 
 journal, m., newspaper, 
 journellement, daily. 
 jusqu'a, to, as far as. 
 justice, f., justice ; see palais. 
 
 r - le, la; Ton = on. 
 
 la, f. art., the. 
 
 la, pron., her, it; la voila, there she is. 
 
 lac, m., lake. 
 
 laine, f., wool. 
 
 laisser, to let, to allow. 
 
 langage, m., language. 
 
 langue, f., language, tongue. 
 
 laquelle, f. of lequel. 
 
 large, wide; de long en large, up 
 
 and down. 
 
 lasser (se), to get weary. 
 le, m. art., the. 
 le, pron., him, it. 
 lec.on, f., lesson, 
 lendemain, m., next day. 
 lent, -e, slow. 
 lentement, slowly, 
 lequel, pron., which, 
 les, pi. art., the. 
 les, pron., them, 
 lesquelles, f. pi. of lequel. 
 Lessing, Lessing (1729-1781). 
 lettre, f., letter. 
 leur, adj., their. 
 leur, pron., them, to them. 
 leurs, pi. of adj. leur. 
 lever (se), to get up. 
 lever, m., rising. 
 libert^, f., liberty. 
 
 libraire, m., bookseller. 
 
 librairie, f., bookstore. 
 
 lier, to tie. 
 
 lieu, m., place; au lieu de, instead of. 
 
 lieue, f., league. 
 
 linge, m., linen. 
 
 lire, irr., to read. 
 
 lisait, imp. ind. of lire. 
 
 lisidre, f., edge. 
 
 liste, f., list. 
 
 lit, m., bed; wagon-lit, sleeping car. 
 
 livre, m., book. 
 
 locomotive, f., engine. 
 
 long, -ue, long; de long en large, up 
 
 and down; le long de, along, 
 longtemps, a long time, 
 longue, f. of long. 
 lorsque, when. 
 lui, him, to him, her, to her. 
 lunette (f.) d'approche, field glass. 
 lyrique, lyric. 
 
 M., Mr. 
 
 ma, f. of mon. 
 
 macaroni, m., macaroni. 
 
 madame, madam, Mrs. 
 
 magasin, m., store. 
 
 magnifique, magnificent, fine. 
 
 main, f., hand. 
 
 maintenant, now. 
 
 mais, but. 
 
 maison, f., house. 
 
 maitre, m., master, teacher. 
 
 mal, m., trial; avoir le mal de mer, 
 
 to be seasick. 
 malade, sick. 
 malheur, m., misfortune. 
 malle, f., trunk, 
 manche, f., sleeve. 
 manger, to eat. 
 manquer de, to fail, to lack. 
 
FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 manteau, m., cloak. 
 
 marche, f., speed. 
 
 marchepied, m., step (of a carriage 
 or a car). 
 
 marcher, to walk, to walk about. 
 
 marier, to marry. 
 
 marin, -e, marine, sea ; see pied. 
 
 matelas, m., mattress. 
 
 matelot, m., sailor. 
 
 maternel, -le, native. 
 
 matin, m., morning. 
 
 mauvais, -e, bad, poor, miserable. 
 
 maux, pi. of mat. 
 
 me, me, to me. 
 
 medecin, m., physician. 
 
 medicament, m., medicine. 
 
 meilleur, adj., better, best. 
 
 membre, m., member. 
 
 meme, same, self. 
 
 meme, adv., even; quand meme, 
 even if. 
 
 mer, f., sea. 
 
 merci, m., thanks. 
 
 mere, f., mother. 
 
 mes, pi. of mon and ma. 
 
 messieurs, pi. of monsieur. 
 
 mesure, f., measure ; a mesure que, 
 in proportion as. 
 
 met, pres. ind. of mettre. 
 
 Me"tastase, Metastasio (1698-1782). 
 
 mettre, irr., to put; mettre habit 
 has, to take off one's coat; mettre 
 a Pabri de, to shelter from, to place 
 above; mettre a bout de res- 
 sources, to exhaust the resources 
 of; se mettre a, to begin to; se 
 mettre en mouvement, to start; 
 se mettre en devoir de, to set 
 about; se mettre au lit, to go to 
 bed, to lie down. 
 
 mien (le), m., mine. 
 
 mienne (la), f., mine. 
 
 mieux, adv., better; du mieux qu'il 
 
 put, as well as possible. 
 milieu, m., middle, midst. 
 mince, thin, 
 minute, f., minute. 
 mis, -e, p. part, of mettre. 
 miserable, m., wretch, rascal. 
 mit, pret. of mettre. 
 Mme., Mrs. 
 modeste, modest. 
 moi, I, me, to me. 
 moins, less; le moins, the least, 
 mois, m., month. 
 moment, m., moment; d'un moment 
 
 a 1'autre, at any moment, 
 mon, ma, my. 
 monde, m., world, people; tout le 
 
 monde, everybody. 
 monsieur, m., Mr., sir, gentleman. 
 montagne, f., mountain. 
 monter, to mount, to climb, to go up, 
 
 to step into, to get into. 
 montre, f., watch. 
 montrer, to show, 
 monument, m., monument. 
 mot, m., word; en un mot, in short. 
 mouchoir, m., handkerchief. 
 mouette, f., sea gull, 
 mouvement, m., motion; see mettre. 
 moyen, -ne, average, 
 moyen, m., means. 
 musee, m., museum. 
 musique, f., music. 
 
 N 
 
 n'= ne. 
 
 national, -e, national. 
 
 naufrage, m., shipwreck. 
 
 ne, not; ne . . . pas, not; ne . . . pas 
 de, no; ne . . . plus, no longer, no 
 more; ne . . . que, only; ne . . . 
 aucun, aucun ne, no; rien ne, ne 
 
88 
 
 FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 . . . rien, nothing; ne . . . personne, 
 personne ne, nobody; ne . . . ni 
 . . . ni, neither . . . nor. 
 
 neanmoins, however, yet. 
 
 ne*cessaire (m.) de toilette, dressing- 
 case. 
 
 nez, m., nose. 
 
 ni . . . ni, neither . . . nor. 
 
 niveau, m., level; see passage. 
 
 noir, -e, black. 
 
 nom, m., name. 
 
 nombreu-x, -se, numerous. 
 
 non, no. 
 
 nos, pi. of notre. 
 
 note, f., bill. 
 
 notre, our. 
 
 nous, we, us, to us. 
 
 nouveau, nouvel, -le, new. 
 
 nouvelles, f., news; see donner. 
 
 nuit, f., night. 
 
 nul, -le, no, any. 
 
 obligeance, f., kindness. 
 
 obscur, -e, dark. 
 
 observer, to observe, to watch. 
 
 occuper, to occupy; s'occuper de, to 
 attend to. 
 
 ocean, m., ocean. 
 
 ceil, m., eye. 
 
 officier, m., officer. 
 
 offrir, irr. (like ouvrir), to offer. 
 
 omnibus, m., omnibus; train omni- 
 bus, slow train. 
 
 on, pron., one, they, people. 
 
 oncle, m., uncle. 
 
 ont, pres. ind. of avoir. 
 
 onze, eleven. 
 
 ordinaire (d*), usually. 
 
 oreille, f., ear. 
 
 orgueil, m., self-conceit; see conce- 
 voir. 
 
 OU, or. 
 ou, where, 
 oublier, to forget, 
 oui, yes. 
 
 outre (en), besides, 
 ouvrez, imper. of ouvrir. 
 ouvrir, irr., to open. 
 ovale, oval. 
 
 paille, f., straw. 
 
 palais, m., palace; palais de justice, 
 Court House. 
 
 panorama, m., panorama. 
 
 paquebot, m., steamer. 
 
 par, by, out of, a. 
 
 paraitre, irr. (like connaitri), to ap- 
 pear. 
 
 parapluie, m., umbrella. 
 
 pare, m., park. 
 
 parce que, because. 
 
 pardon, m., pardon; excuse me. 
 
 parent, m., parent, relative. 
 
 Paris, m., Paris. 
 
 parler, to speak, to talk. 
 
 parole, f., word. 
 
 part, pres. ind. of partir. 
 
 parti, m., resolution, plan. 
 
 partie, f., part. 
 
 partir, irr., to depart, to start, to go 
 away, to leave. 
 
 parvenir, irr. (like venir), to succeed. 
 
 parvenu, -e, p. part, of parvenir. 
 
 pas, m., step. 
 
 pas, not; ne . . . pas, not; ne . . . 
 pas de, no. 
 
 passage (m.) a niveau, crossing. 
 
 passager, m., passagere, f., passenger. 
 
 passeport, m., passport. 
 
 passer, to pass, to spend ; se passer, 
 to go on, to pass, to elapse. 
 
 passerelle, f., gang plank, 
 
FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 8 9 
 
 patrie, f., country, fatherland. 
 
 pauvre, poor. 
 
 pauvrete, f., poverty. 
 
 payer, to pay. 
 
 pays, m., country, fatherland. 
 
 paysan, m., paysanne, f., peasant; 
 
 pi. m., country people. 
 pedaler, to pedal. 
 peine, f., trouble ; grand'peine, great 
 
 trouble ; a peine . . . que, scarcely 
 
 . . . when, no sooner . . . than, 
 pendant, during. 
 penser, to think, 
 pensi-f, -ve, thoughtful, 
 pension (f.) bourgeoise, family board- 
 ing house. 
 pente, f., slope, 
 perdre, to lose ; perdre de vue, to 
 
 lose sight of. 
 pere, m., father; pe*re de famille, 
 
 head of a family. 
 
 permettre, irr. (like mettre), to allow, 
 personne, f., person, 
 personne, pron., nobody, anybody. 
 petit, -e, small, 
 peu, adv., little ; peu a peu, little by 
 
 little. 
 
 peu, m., little. 
 peur, f., fear ; avoir peur, to be afraid ; 
 
 de peur que, lest, 
 peut, pres. ind. of pouvoir. 
 photographic, f., photograph. 
 piano, m., piano, 
 piece, f., room, 
 pied, m., foot; a pied, on foot; avoir 
 
 le pied marin, to have one's sea 
 
 legs. 
 
 Pie*mont, m., Piedmont, 
 piston, m., pedestrian. 
 pistolet, m., pistol. 
 place, f., place, seat ; square. 
 placer, to place, to put. 
 
 plaindre (se), irr. (like craindre), to 
 
 complain. 
 
 plaint, pres. ind. of plaindre. 
 plaire, irr., to please ; se plaire, to 
 
 delight ; s'il vous plait, if you 
 
 please. 
 
 plaisait, imp. of plaire. 
 plait, pres. ind. of plaire. 
 plan, m., plan. 
 planche, f., board. 
 plante, f., plant. 
 pleurer, to weep, 
 plus, more, most ; ne . . . plus, no 
 
 longer, no more ; de plus en plus, 
 
 more and more. 
 plusieurs, several. 
 plutot, rather. 
 poche, f., pocket. 
 poete, m., poet. 
 poigne"e, f., shake. 
 point, m., point ; etre sur le point 
 
 de, to be about to ; au point du 
 
 jour, at daybreak. 
 poisson, m., fish, 
 police, f., police. 
 politique, political. 
 pont, m., bridge, deck. 
 port, m., harbor. 
 porte, f., door, gate. 
 porte-monnaie, m., purse, pocket- 
 book. 
 porter, to carry ; se porter, to be ; 
 
 se porter bien, to be in good 
 
 health. 
 
 portidre, f., carriage door. 
 poser, to ask. 
 position, f., position, 
 posseder, to possess, to own. 
 possible, possible. 
 poste, m., station. 
 poster (se), to place oneself, to take 
 
 one's stand, to lie in ambush. 
 
FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 pour, in order to, to; pour que, in 
 
 order that, 
 pourquoi, why. 
 pourra, fut. of pouvoir. 
 pourrait, cond. of pouvoir. 
 pouvait, imp. ind. of pouvoir. 
 pouvons, pres. ind. of pouvoir. 
 pouvoir, irr., can, may, to be able. 
 pre, m., meadow, 
 precaution, f., precaution, 
 preferer, to prefer. 
 premi-er, -ere, first. 
 premiere, f., first ; first-class ticket. 
 prendre, irr., to take, to adopt, 
 prenons, pres. ind. of prendre. 
 preparer, to prepare ; se pre"parer, 
 
 to get ready, 
 pres de, near ; etre pres de, to be 
 
 about to. 
 presenter, to present, to pay ; se pre"- 
 
 senter, to present oneself, to arise. 
 presque, almost. 
 pret, -e, ready. 
 preter, to lend ; preter une oreille 
 
 attentive a, to listen attentively 
 
 to. 
 
 pris, -e, p. part, of prendre. 
 prise, f., capture. 
 prison, f., prison. 
 prisonnier, m., prisoner, 
 privation, f., privation, 
 prochain, -e, next. 
 procurer (se), to get. 
 profiter de, to profit by. 
 profond, -e, deep, 
 projet, m., project, plan. 
 promener (se), to walk, 
 promptement, quickly. 
 promptitude, f., speed, readiness. 
 proscription, f., proscription. 
 proscrit, m., exile. 
 Prusse, f., Prussia. 
 
 pu, p. part, of pouvoir. 
 publier, to publish. 
 puis, then. 
 put, pret. of pouvoir. 
 
 qu' = que. 
 
 quai, m., platform. 
 
 quand, when ; quand meme, even if. 
 
 quart, m., quarter. 
 
 quatorze, fourteen. 
 
 quatre, four. 
 
 quatrieme, fourth. 
 
 que, adv., how, only. 
 
 que, conj., that, as, than, when. 
 
 que, pron., what, which, that, whom ; 
 
 qu'est-ce qui ? what ? (subject) ; 
 
 qu'est-ce que ? what ? (object) . 
 quel, -le, adj., what, what a. 
 quelconque, any . . . whatever, 
 quelle, f. of quel. 
 quelque, adj., some, 
 quelquefois, sometimes. 
 quelques-uns, pron., some, 
 quelqu'un, some one, somebody, 
 question, f., question, 
 qui, who, which, that ; qui est-ce qui ? 
 
 who ? qui est-ce que ? whom ? 
 quiconque, whoever. 
 quinze, fifteen. 
 quitter, to leave. 
 quoi, pron., what. 
 
 raconter, to relate, to tell. 
 
 raison, f., reason; avoir raison, to be 
 
 right. 
 
 ralentir, to slacken, 
 ranger, to set in order, 
 rapidement, quickly, fast. 
 rapidite", f., speed. 
 
FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 rappeler, to recall; rappeler au bon 
 souvenir de, to remember to. 
 
 rapporter, to bring back. 
 
 ravissement, m., rapture. 
 
 rayer, to erase. 
 
 recevoir, irr., to receive. 
 
 re9oit, pres. ind. of recevoir. 
 
 recommander, to recommend. 
 
 recouvrer, to get back. 
 
 regu, -e, p. part, of recevoir. 
 
 recueillir, irr. (like cueillir) t io shelter. 
 
 re"diger, to write. 
 
 redire, irr. (like dire], to repeat; see 
 dire. 
 
 reflechir, to reflect, to consider. 
 
 regarder, to look, to look at. 
 
 relever, to renew. 
 
 remarquer, to notice. 
 
 remercier, to thank. 
 
 remonter, to go up again. 
 
 remplir, to fill. 
 
 rencontrer, to meet. 
 
 rendormir (se), irr. (like dormir), to 
 fall asleep again. 
 
 rendre, to render, to pronounce; se 
 rendre, to betake oneself. 
 
 renoncer, to give up. 
 
 renseignement, m., information. 
 
 rentrer, to return. 
 
 repas, m., meal. 
 
 repondre, to answer. 
 
 reposer (se), to rest. 
 
 reprendre, irr. (like /r*</r*), to con- 
 tinue, to go on. 
 
 reprit, pret. of reprendre. 
 
 re"server, to reserve, to have in store. 
 
 respect, m., respect. 
 
 ressource, f., resource. 
 
 restaurant, m., restaurant; see wagon. 
 
 restaurer (se), to take one's meal. 
 
 rester, to remain, to be left. 
 
 resultat, m., result. 
 
 retard (en), late. 
 
 retentir, to resound. 
 
 retour, m., return; see aller. 
 
 retourner, to return, to go back. 
 
 retrousser, to tuck up. 
 
 reussir, to succeed. 
 
 revenez, pres. ind. and imper. of re- 
 
 venir. 
 revenir, irr. (like venir}, to return, to 
 
 come back. 
 
 revenu, -e, p. part, of revenir. 
 revinrent, pret. of revenir. 
 revoir, irr. (like voir), to see again. 
 revoir (au), good-by. 
 revolution, f., revolution, 
 rien, nothing, anything; rien du tout, 
 
 nothing at all. 
 riviere, f., river. 
 robe, f., dress. 
 roman, m., novel. 
 Rome, f., Rome. 
 Rouen, f., Rouen, 
 roulier, m., teamster. 
 route, f., road, journey; en route, on 
 
 the way. 
 rue, f., street, 
 ruisseau, m., brook. 
 
 S 
 
 s y = se or si before il or ils. 
 
 sa, f. of son. 
 
 sache, pres. subj. of savoir. 
 
 sain, -e, sound; sain et sauf, safe 
 
 and sound. 
 
 Saint-Lazare, Saint-Lazare. 
 saisir, to seize. 
 sait, pres. ind. of savoir. 
 salle, f., hall; salle commune, large 
 
 hall; salle d'attente, waiting room; 
 
 salle a manger, dining room; salle 
 
 des bagages, baggage room. 
 
9 2 
 
 FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 salon, m., parlor. 
 
 sang-froid, m., coolness. 
 
 sans, without; sans cesse, continually, 
 
 always. 
 
 sante, f, health. 
 sau-f, -ve, safe; see sain, 
 saura, fut. of savoir. 
 sauter, to jump, 
 sauveur, m., savior, 
 savais, imp. ind. of savoir. 
 savent, pres. ind. of savoir. 
 savoir, irr., to know, 
 se, himself, to himself; herself, to 
 
 herself; themselves; each other, to 
 
 each other, with each other, 
 sejour, m., stay. 
 sembler, to seem. 
 sente, pres. subj. of sentir. 
 sentir, irr., to feel. 
 separer, to separate, 
 sept, seven, 
 sera, fut. of etre. 
 serait, cond. of etre. 
 seront, fut. of etre. 
 serpenter, to meander, to run. 
 serrer, to shake. 
 sert, pres. ind. of servir. 
 servante, f., maid, 
 service, m., service; de service, on 
 
 duty, 
 servir, irr., to serve; servir de, to 
 
 serve as; se servir de, to make use 
 
 of, to use. 
 ses, pi. of son. 
 seul, -e, single, 
 seulement, only, 
 si, adv., so. 
 
 si, conj., if, whether, suppose, 
 siege, m., seat, box. 
 sien (le), pron., his, hers, its. 
 signalement, m., description. 
 silence, m., silence. 
 
 sirene, f., fog-horn. 
 
 sceur, f., sister. 
 
 soin, m., care ; avoir soin, to take care. 
 
 soir, m., evening. 
 
 sois, imper. of etre. 
 
 soixante, sixty. 
 
 sol, m., soil. 
 
 soldat, m., soldier. 
 
 soleil, m., sur^ 
 
 somme (en), on the whole. 
 
 sommeil, m., sleep; avoir sommeil, 
 
 to be sleepy. 
 
 sommes, pres. ind. of etre. 
 son, sa, ses, his, her, its. 
 sonner, to ring, 
 sont, pres. ind. of etre. 
 sort, m., destiny, 
 sorte, f., sort, kind. 
 sortir, irr., to go out. 
 souffrance, f., suffering. 
 souffrir, irr. (like ouvrir}, to suffer. 
 souhait, m., wish, 
 souhaiter, to express the wish, 
 souper, m., supper. 
 soupirer, to sigh; soupirer apres, to 
 
 long for. 
 
 sourcil, m., eyebrow, 
 soutien, m., support. 
 souvenir (se), irr. (like venir), to 
 
 remember, 
 souvenir, m., remembrance; see rap- 
 
 peler. 
 
 souvent, often. 
 
 souviens. pres. ind. of se souvenir. 
 spectacle, m., spectacle, sight, 
 splendide, splendid, fine. 
 station, f., station. 
 statue, f., statue. 
 steamer, m., steamer. 
 store, m., window blind, 
 stupeur, f., astonishment. 
 suffire, irr., to suffice, to do. 
 
FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 93 
 
 suis, pres. ind. of etre. 
 Suisse, f., Switzerland. 
 suivant, -e, following. 
 sur, on, upon, about, 
 surtout, especially. 
 survient, pres. ind. of survenir. 
 survenir, irr. (like venir), to come, to 
 arise. 
 
 ta, fern, of ton. 
 
 taille, f., height. 
 
 tant, so much, so many. 
 
 tante, f., aunt. 
 
 tantot . . ., tantot . . ., now . . ., 
 
 now . . . 
 tard, late, 
 tarder, to delay, to be long (in) ; ne 
 
 pas tarder a, (to do something) 
 
 soon. 
 
 tatons : see diriger. 
 te, thee, to thee. 
 teint, m. complexion. 
 tel, -le, such. 
 
 te"le*graphier, to telegraph, 
 telle, f. of tel. 
 tellement, so, so much, 
 tempete, f., storm. 
 temps, m., time, weather; de temps 
 
 a autre, from time to time, 
 tenir, irr., to hold; tenir SvciHe", to 
 
 keep awake. 
 terme, m., termination, 
 terminer, to end. 
 terre, f., land, estate. 
 terrible, terrible. 
 terriblement, violently. 
 theatre, m., theater. 
 tirer, to take out, to fire; se tirer 
 
 d'affaire, to get along. 
 toilette, f., toilet ; see necessaire. 
 ton, ta, tes, thy. 
 
 tort, m., wrong ; avoir tort, to be 
 wrong. 
 
 tou jours, always. 
 
 tourmente, f., storm. 
 
 tourner, to turn. 
 
 tous, pi. of tout. 
 
 tout, -e, all, every, whole; a toute 
 vole*e, loud; tous les jours, every 
 day; tout le monde, everybody; 
 tous deux, both. 
 
 tout, pron., everything, all. 
 
 tout, adv., all, quite; tout a coup, 
 suddenly; du tout, at all; tout en, 
 while; tout de suite, at once. 
 
 traduire, irr. (like conduire),to trans- 
 late. 
 
 traduisait, imp. ind. of traduire. 
 
 train, m., train; train omnibus, slow 
 train. 
 
 traitement, m., salary. 
 
 tranquille, quiet; etre tranquille, to 
 set one's mlfid at ease. 
 
 transatlantique, Transatlantic. 
 
 travail, m., work. 
 
 travailler, to work. 
 
 travaux, pi. of travail. 
 
 travers (a), across, through. 
 
 traverse* e, f., passage. 
 
 traverser, to cross, to pass through. 
 
 trente, thirty. 
 
 tres, very. 
 
 triste, sad. 
 
 trois, three. 
 
 trop, too, too much. 
 
 troupeau, m., flock. 
 
 trouver, to find; se trouver, to happen 
 to be. 
 
 tu, thou. 
 
 tue-tete (a), as loud as one can. 
 
 tumulte, m., confusion. 
 
 tunnel, m., tunnel. 
 
 Turin, m., Turin. 
 
94 
 
 FRENCH-ENGLISH VOCABULARY 
 
 un, -e, art., a. 
 
 un, -e, adj., one; Pun, pron., one. 
 
 une, f. of un. 
 
 uni, -e, united; see Etats. 
 
 utile, useful. 
 
 utilite, f., usefulness. 
 
 va, pres. ind. of aller. 
 
 vague, f., wave. 
 
 valise, f., valise. 
 
 valle"e, f., valley. 
 
 vapeur, f., steam; a toute vapeur, 
 
 at full speed; bateau a vapeur, 
 
 steamer, 
 vaste, large. 
 
 venait, imp. ind. of venir. 
 vendre, to sell. 
 venir, irr., to come; venir de, to have 
 
 just; venir en aide, to help, 
 venu, -e, p. part, of venir. 
 verra, fut. of voir. 
 verre, m., glass; le verre a la main, 
 
 by having a drink, 
 vers, toward. 
 vet, pres. ind. of vetir. 
 vetements, m. pi., clothes, 
 vetir, irr., to dress. 
 veuillez, imper. of vouloir. 
 veulent, pres. ind. of vouloir. 
 veut, pres. ind. of vouloir. 
 veux, pres. ind. of vouloir. 
 viens, pres. ind. of venir. 
 vient, pres. ind. of venir. 
 vigoureu-x, -se, vigorous, 
 village, m., village. 
 ville, f., city, 
 vingt, twenty, 
 vint, pret. of venir. 
 virent, pret. of voir. 
 vis, piet. of voir. 
 
 visage, m., face. 
 
 visite, f., inspection. 
 
 visiter, to visit. 
 
 voici, here is or here are. 
 
 voie, f., track. 
 
 voila, there is or there are. 
 
 voile, f., sail; see bateau. 
 
 voir, irr., to see. 
 
 voisin, -e, neighboring, next. 
 
 voisin, m., voisine, f., neighbor. 
 
 voisinage, m., neighborhood. 
 
 voit, pres. ind. of voir. 
 
 voiture, f., carriage; en voiture, in a 
 
 carriage ; en voiture ! all aboard ! 
 voiturier, m., teamster, 
 voix, f., voice. 
 vole"e (a toute), loud. 
 vos, pi. of votre. 
 votre, your, 
 votre (le), yours, 
 vouloir, irr., to wish, to want. 
 vous, you, to you, yourself. 
 voyage, m., travel, trip, journey, 
 
 passage. 
 
 voyager, to travel. 
 voyageur, m., voyageuse, f., traveler, 
 
 passenger, guest. 
 voyant, pres. part, of voir. 
 vu, prep., on account of. 
 vue, f., sight. 
 
 W 
 
 wagon, m., car; wagon -restaurant, 
 dining car; wagon-lit, sleeping car. 
 
 y, adv., there; il y a, there is, there 
 are, ago; y a-t-il? is there? are 
 there? 
 
 y, pron., in it. 
 
 yeux, pi. of ceil. 
 
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