Pageant of the Birth, Life, and Death of 
 Richard Beauchamp Earl of Warwick K.G. 
 
 1389-1439 
 
 Edited by 
 ViscountDillon,D.C.L.,F.S.A.,andW. H. St. John Hope,Litt.D.,D.C.L. 
 
 «»
 
 .i 
 
 "^ PHIL LINDSAY 
 HIS BOOK
 
 ■HvJLjl ^^^^^ijauj
 
 '"^ Pageant of the Birth Life and Death of 
 
 Richard Beauchamp Earl of Warwick K.G. 
 
 1389-1439 
 
 Edited by 
 Viscount Dillon D.C.L. F.S.A. and W. H. St. John Hope Litt.D. D.C.L. 
 Photo-engraved from the original Manuscript in the British Museum 
 
 by Emery Walker F.S.A. 
 
 ARMS FROM THE STALL PLATE AT WINDSOR 
 
 LONDON 
 LONGMANS GREEN AND CO. 
 
 39 PATERNOSTER ROW 
 AND NEW YORK BOMBAY AND CALCUTTA 
 
 1914
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 The Warwick Pageant is a Cottonian MS. (-Julius E IV) and in a series of fifty- 
 three outhne drawings portrays the chief events in the life and death of Richard Beau- 
 champ Earl of Warwick, the father-in-law of the kingmaker. 
 
 This MS., which it may be presumed from various evidences was done between 
 1 48 5 and 1 490, presents to the armour student and to the artist a most rich series of 
 authorities for the costume of that period. It was rather imperfectly reproduced in 
 Vol. II of Strutt's Honia Aiiiicl-cyiiiiaii in i 775 andagain in facsimile in a very lim- 
 ited edition for presentation by the late Earl of Carysfort to the Roxburghe Club. 
 The present work places within reach of students and others at a moderate price a re- 
 production as accurate as that of the Roxburghe Club but without the meticulous 
 detailsas to paper and tone. A short list of the chief events recorded has been add- 
 ed with some explanatory notes to each plate. The MS. consists of 28 leaves of 
 vellum, measuring 11 inches x 8 inches, and this work is practically on the same 
 scale as the original, being reproduced by photography, so that every detail may be 
 shown in its present state. At some date unknown a foolish person has made addi- 
 tions to the original but the student will easily recognize these blemishes. 
 
 It may seem presumptuous to question so great an authority as Sir E. Maunde 
 Thompson G.C.B., who, in his notice of the MS. as reproduced for the Rox- 
 burghe Club, considers it to be the work of a foreign artist, but there are points 
 which forbid this idea. On plate 7, showing the defeat of the Percys at Shrews- 
 bury, the banner of the Earl of Northumberland displays the ancient arms of Brab- 
 ant and Lovaine (a lion rampant), quartered with the three lucies of Lucy. These 
 last point to the marriage of the earl with Maud, his second wife, sister and heir 
 of Anthony Lord Lucy, This tact would hardly be known to a foreign artist. 
 Again on plate 34 the trumpeters of the Emperor have their banners left blank. 
 And yet more significant on plate 48, showing the rout of the Duke of Burgundy 
 before Calais, the Duke's banner, which would surely be known to every conti- 
 nental artist, is also blank, while the banners of the Duke of Gloucester, the Earl 
 of Warwick, and the Earl ofStafford are fully emblazoned. As to the towns shown, 
 for instance Venice in plate i 5, the sketches are purely conventional. 
 
 With regard to the blazoning of the various banners etc. it may be noted that in 
 the MS.* the colours are mentioned by their usual heraldic names while the met- 
 als gold and silver are described in English. 
 
 * Plates 27. 30.
 
 It may be worth while noting the chief events which are referred to in the MS. 
 To begin with, the Earl was born in i 38 i and was made a knight of the Bath the 
 day before the Coronation ot Henry IV on the i 2th October i 399. In 1401 he suc- 
 ceeded to the earldom of Warwick on the death of his father Thomas the 4th earl, 
 whose magnificent brass with that of his wife is in the church at Warwick and figur- 
 ed by Waller. 
 
 On 26th January 1404 Joan of Navarre, Henry'ssecond wife, was crownedat West- 
 minster, having been married at Winchester at the end of the previous year. 
 
 The Stella Coiuafa appeared in 1 403, and in this year Owen Glendower carried on 
 a somewhat successful struggle with the English. On July 23 Henry and the 
 Prince of Wales severely defeated the Percys (who were about to join Glendower) 
 at the battle of Shrewsbury. It must have been soon after this that Warwick was 
 made a knight of the Garter but the actual date is unknown. In 1408 Warwick 
 received permission to travel to the Holy Land and on his way visited Paris where 
 he was received by the king, Charles VI. From France he went to Lombardy and 
 at Verona he engaged the Sir Pandolph Malatete with much success. Thence he 
 went to Venice where the Doge Michele Steno and other nobles received him. 
 From Venice he in August 1408 sailed to Jerusalem at which place, by permission 
 of the Patriarch's Deputy, he was allowed to have intercourse with Sir Baltirdam 
 the Sultan's Lieutenant there. 
 
 It is interesting to note that just for this voyage the Doge and Senate repealed a 
 prohibition against pilgrims travelling in their traffic galleys. One of the Bareuth 
 galleys was ordered to take the Earl and his suite, but no others, to Jaffa. The 
 galley then was to go to Acre for security, and ten days later to return to Jaffa to 
 re-embark the party; the stern cabin, cook room and sailing master's armoury be- 
 ing reserved tor the Englishmen. t 
 
 After his friendly exchange of hospitality and gifts Warwick returned to Venice 
 and then came home, visiting en route Russia, Lithuania, Poland, Prussia, West- 
 phalia etc. and doing a bit of fighting when he could. On his arrival in England 
 in 1414 he found a new king, Henry IV having died 20th March 1413, and his suc- 
 cessor was preparing for the war with France. Warwick was appointed Captain of 
 Calais and made the necessary preparations for a pas d'arnies at the Park Hedge 
 of Guines near that place. At this tournament, to which came French knights as 
 well as others, Warwick appeared on different days in different equipment illus- 
 trating ths families he represented. After this King Henry V sent him with oth- 
 
 t See Vcnctitin State Papers $\\\ August 1408.
 
 ers on an embassy to the General Council ot Constance where in November 141 4 
 Pope John XXIII and the Emperor Sigismund (called the Light of the World) re- 
 ceived the distinguished ambassadors. The work of the Council was varied by a lit- 
 tle business in the way of physical contests, for Warwick slew "a myghty duke", 
 and the Empress Barbara Cilley, second wife of Sigismund and known since as the 
 Messalina ot Germany, was evidently taken with the successful Englishman. 
 The Emperor also showed his favour to him by offering him the heart of Saint 
 George. Warwick however learning that the Emperor would soon come to Eng- 
 land asked him to present it himselt. This the Emperor did in 141 6 when became 
 to Windsor and was made a Knight of the Order of the Garter. 
 
 On his way home Warwick captured two great ships, and joining Henry V in 
 France sat down before Rouen in July 141 8. Next year Henry sent him to ar- 
 range with the French king for a marriage with his daughter Katherine. The Dau- 
 phin however waylaid him but was beaten off with great loss, and the message 
 was delivered to Charles. The Earl then returned to Henry, and on andjune 1 4 1 9 
 Katherine became Qiieen and on 6th December 142 i gave Henry an heir at Wind- 
 sor. Henry V died next year on 3 i st August and in accordance with his will the in- 
 fant king received Warwick as " Maister". On 26th November 1429 the boy 
 was crowned at Westminster and on i 7th December 1 43 i he was crowned as king 
 of France at St. Denis. The next event of importance is the defeat of the Duke 
 of Burgundy when in July 1436 he attempted to capture Calais. In this he ut- 
 terly failed and he and his Flemish allies were routed and dispersed with immense 
 loss.* 
 
 On July I 6th 1437 Warwick was made Lieutenant of France and Normandy. 
 In some voyage about this time he narrowly escaped shipwreck but soon after 
 returned to France where he ruled with great success until his death at Rouen 
 on 31st May 1439. His body was brought over to England and in October was 
 buried at Warwick. 
 
 Further details of the history of the Earl will be found in Dugdale's Baronage, 
 but are hardly necessary here. 
 
 The drawings of the Warwick Pageant depict in the most vivid manner most of 
 the incidents in the Earl's strenuous life : his birth, his baptism, his knighthood, and 
 his investiture with the Garter, voyages oversea and travels on land, his journeyings 
 abroad and pilgrimages to holy places; interspersed with battles on horseback and 
 fightings on foot, tourneys, joustings, and feastings. They show him also as a coun- 
 
 * As a matter of fact the Duke of Gloucester with the Earl of Warwick and lo.ooo men onlv landed at Calais after the 
 Duke of Burgundy's forces had decamped, hut these last were pursued to Gravelines hv the English who went on in- 
 to Artois. The view of Calais is therefore (though somewhat correct) a piece of artistic license/
 
 cillor, governor, and soldier, and as matchmaker and regent; as victor in seafights, 
 and director of siegecraft; in perils by land and in perils by water. Lastly we have 
 his deathbed and his being laid in his tomb. Neither of his own marriages is de- 
 picted in the Pageant, but the omission of so important a step in a man's life is il- 
 lustrated by the wedding of King Henry V with the lady Katherine of France. A 
 second birth-scene is also given in that of the boy Henry at Windsor. Three coron- 
 ations are also represented: that of the lady Joan of Navarre, consort of King Hen- 
 ry IV, and the sacring of Henry VI first as King of England, and then as King ot 
 France. 
 
 From the manner in which her genealogy is set forth in the two concluding pic- 
 tures Sir Edward Thompson suggests* that the manuscript was done for Earl Rich- 
 ard's daughter, Anne Countess of Warwick, who died in 1493. 
 
 Of the authorship of these beautiful drawings nothing is known. Their usual as- 
 scription to John Rous, the historiographer of the House of Warwick, can not be 
 proved, but the draughtsman, whoever he may have been, was no doubt an English- 
 man, and possibly one who had some acquaintance with the Low Countries. From 
 certain striking points of resemblance, notably in the two deathchamber scenes, it 
 is conceivable that he was the same gifted artist who drew in 1532 for the Abbey 
 of Westminstertheequally spirited outline pictures for the heading of the well- 
 known Obituary Roll of abbot John Islip.t 
 
 The sumptuous monument of the Earl in the Beauchamp Chapel at Warwick 
 consists of a Purbeck marble tomb adorned with gilt-latten weepers with enamel- 
 led scutcheons of their arms, with figures of angels between, surmounted by a gilt- 
 latten effigy of the Earl himself within a hearse of the same metal with enamelled 
 scutcheons on the ends of the horizontal bars; there are similar bars set up at the 
 four corners of the tomb. 
 
 The marble tomb was contracted for in May i457byJohn BourdeofCorfeCastle, 
 marbler, who undertook to do all the work and workmanship about the same tomb, 
 "according to a portraiture delivered him", together with its step, and to convey 
 it to Warwick and set it up there, for ^^45. 
 
 The fourteen gilt-latten " images embossed of Lords and Ladyes in divers vest- 
 ures, called Weepers, to stand in housings madeabout thetomb",andtheintermed- 
 iate eighteen lesser images of angels, were undertaken by a covenant dated 14th 
 March 145 1-2 by William Austen, citizen and founder of London, at a cost of 
 
 I 3s. 4d. for every weeper and 5s. for every angel. He also undertook to make the 
 
 * 111 the Biirlinjitiin Majiaziiic for April, 1903. 
 t See Vctnsta Mottiiiitciitii, Vo\. VH, plates xx-xxiv.
 
 hearse above and about the principal image at lod. alb., and for the "setting" of 
 the said images and hearse was to have jT I 8 i6s. 8d. 
 
 The fourteen gilded and enamelled scutcheons to be set under the weepers were 
 made by Bartholomew Lambespring, Dutchman and goldsmith of London, for 15s. 
 each, or ^T 10 los. inall. 
 
 The great image ot the Earl was the work ot William Austen, who covenanted 
 on I ith February 1449-50 "to cast and make an image of a man armed, of fine 
 latten, garnished with certain ornaments, viz. with sword and dagger, with a Gar- 
 ter, with a helme and crest under his head, and at his feet a bear muzzled and a grif- 
 fin, perfectly made of the finest latten according to patterns", at a total cost, in- 
 cluding its carriage to Warwick and laying on the tomb, of ^10. Further con- 
 tracts provided for the honing, polishing, and making ready for gilding of the said 
 image, for £22,-3.nd of similar work upon the thirty-two images about the tomb 
 for jr20. The executors were to find all thegoldforthegilding, which was to cost, 
 for the smaller figures _^5 I 8s. 4d., andfor the great image of the Earl _^9 5 2s. 8d. 
 
 The large latten plate " under the image that shall lie on the same tomb, and two 
 long narrow plates to go round about the stone to contain all such scripture of dec- 
 laration" as the executors may devise, together with "an hearse to be dressed and 
 set upon the said stone over the image, to beare a coveryng tobeordeyned",made 
 "after an hearse of timber, which the executors shall make for a pattern", having 
 "in ten panells of the latten hearse in the most finest and fairest wise ten scutch- 
 eons of arms such as the executors will devise", were undertaken by covenant dat- 
 ed I 3th June 1454 by John Essex marbler of London, William Austen founder 
 of London, and Thomas Stevyns coppersmith of London, including the making, 
 finishing, gilding, laying and fastening, for JC125. The total cost of this most 
 sumptuous monument, which is not only quite perfect, but the finest of its kind 
 in England, was therefore to be ^^412 14s. 8d. 
 
 It would have been pleasant to imagine that the Earl was in life as we see him in 
 his effigy and in the manuscript, but unfortunately the absence of any similar fig- 
 ures in England of the date 1439, when he died, forbids the idea. 
 
 First, we have the date of Lambespring's covenant for the making of the figures 
 ten years later, and it must be remembered that except for his travels to France, the 
 Earl's latest journey on the Continent was to Constance in 141 4, while his visit to 
 Italy was yet earlier in 1408. 
 
 These facts dispose of the apparently reasonable theory of the Baron de Cosson
 
 F.S.A. as to the possibility of the Earl having got a suit in Italy resembling (as does 
 the effigy) that worn by St. George in the beautiful picture by Mantegna, now in 
 the Academia at Venice, painted as late as 1465. Nor can the equally pleasing idea 
 that the suit was German be maintained, though Hans Multscher's splendid fig- 
 ure ot St. George in the church at Sterzing in the Tyrol, which, but for the un- 
 armed feet, still more closely resembles the Warwick effigy, even to the corrugat- 
 ed breast plate. But the Sterzing figure belongs to the year 1458. 
 
 It must then be conceded that in the effigy, as in the manuscript we have a faith- 
 ful representation of armour some forty or fifty years later than the days of the 
 great earl. When the distance of time between the illuminated manuscripts of 
 Froissart and the events recorded by the chronicler is considered, the interval of 
 forty years is comparatively little, though fashions in armour as in civil costume 
 changed pretty rapidly.
 
 LIST OF PLATES 
 
 I The birth of the famous knight Richard Beauchamp Earl of Warwick. 
 
 II How he was baptized. 
 
 III How he was made Knight by King Henry IV. 
 
 IV How Dame Joan, consort of King Henry IV, was crowned Qiieen. 
 
 V How Earl Richard kept jousts at Queen Joan's coronation. 
 
 VI How the blazing star called Stella coiiinfa appeared, and the beginning 
 of the war in Wales. 
 
 VII How Earl Richard behaved himself at the Battle of Shrewsbury. 
 
 VIII How Earl Richard was made Knight of the Garter. 
 
 IX How Earl Richard sailed towards the Holy Land. 
 
 X How Earl Richard visited the Duke of Barr. 
 
 XI How Earl Richard and the Duke rode to Paris. 
 
 XII How Earl Richard dined with the King of France. 
 
 XIII How Earl Richard left France, and how he was received by the Pope 
 in Rome. 
 
 XIV How Earl Richard fought with and wounded Sir Pandolf Malateste at 
 Verona. 
 
 XV How Earl Richard was received on his arrival at Venice. 
 
 XVI How Earl Richard was received by the Patriarch's deputy at Jerusalem. 
 
 XVII How Earl Richard visited the Holy Sepulchre. 
 
 XVIII How Sir Baltirdam, the Soldan's lieutenant, received Earl Richard. 
 
 XIX How Sir Baltirdam entertained Earl Richard at dinner. 
 
 XX How Earl Richard feasted Sir Baltirdam's men. 
 
 XXI How Earl Richard was received on his return to Venice. 
 
 XXII How Earl Richard gat him great worship at a tourney on his way home. 
 
 XXIII How King Henry V was informed of a conspiracy of heretics. 
 
 XXIV How King Henry showed the matter to his Council. 
 
 XXV How Earl Richard was made Captain of Calais. 
 
 XXVI How Earl Richard was received at Calais. 
 
 XXVII How Earl Richard sent forth three letters of challenge to French 
 Knights. 
 
 XXVIII How the King of France received the letters. 
 
 XXIX How Earl Richard jousted with Sir Gerard Herbaumes, called the 
 Cheveler Ruge.
 
 XXX How Earl Richard jousted with the Blank Knight, Sir Hugh Lawney. 
 
 XXXI How Earl Richardjousted with Sir Colard Fynes. 
 
 XXXn How King Henry made Earl Richard and the Bishop of Salisbury his 
 
 ambassadors to the Council of Constance. 
 XXXin How the Pope and clergy, with the Emperor and the temporality, 
 
 received the English ambassadors. 
 
 XXXIV How Earl Richardjousted with a mighty Duke before the Emperor 
 and Empress. 
 
 XXXV How the Emperor Sigismund offered to the Earl the heart of St. George. 
 
 XXXVI How Earl Richard won two carracks in a sea fight. 
 
 XXXVII How Earl Richard besieged the town of Caen. 
 
 XXXVIII How Earl Richard was at the Sieo-e of Rouen. 
 
 XXXIX How Earl Richard was sent as matchmaker to the King of France. 
 XL How the Dauphin of France waylaid Earl Richard and his men. 
 XLI How Earl Richard did his message to the King of France. 
 
 XLII How Earl Richard brought to King Henry the message of the King 
 
 of France. 
 XLIII How King Henry was married to Dame Katharine of France. 
 
 XLIV How King Henry the Sixth was born at Windsor. 
 
 XLV How Eari Richard was made Master to King Henry VI. 
 
 XLVI How King Henry VI. was crowned King of England at Westminster. 
 
 XLVII How King Henry was crowned King of France at St. Denis beside Paris. 
 XLVIII How the Duke of Burgundy was driven from before Calais. 
 XLIX How King Henry made Earl Richard his lieutenant of France and 
 
 Normandy. 
 L How Earl Richard had nigh suffered shipwreck. 
 
 LI How Earl Richard was installed Lieutenant of France and Normandy. 
 
 LI I How Earl Richard fell sick and received all the Sacraments of the 
 
 Church as he lay a dying. 
 LIII How Earl Richard was buried in the collegiate church of Warwick. 
 
 LIV. LV The genealogy of Edward son of King Richard III. , and of Edward 
 
 Plantagenet, son of George Duke of Clarence, and Margaret his sister, 
 
 from Richard Beauchamp Earl of Warwick.
 
 I [i] This Pagent sheweth the birth of the famous knyght Richard 
 Beauchamp Erie of Warrewik/ which was born in the Maner 
 of Salwarp in the Counte of Worcester^ the xxviij day of the 
 Moneth of Januar'. the yere of the Incarnacion of our lorde 
 jhesu Criste m'ccclxxxj/ whose notable actes of chevalry and 
 knyghtly demenaunce been also shewed in the pagentis here- 
 after ensuyng. 
 
 The picture shows the Earl's mother,* Mar- 
 p-aret, daughter of William Lord Ferrers of 
 Groby, sitting up in bed and looking towards 
 her infant son, who is held, wrapped in swad- 
 dling clothes, by a lady of quality, wearing 
 the large "butterfly" headdress. The bed has 
 an ample coverlet, an embroidered tester, and 
 a fringed celure, also embroidered, with the 
 side curtains partly drawn and the end curtains 
 gathered up out of the way. Next the lady 
 with the babe sits a woman with a round cap, 
 stirring some food in a saucepan over the fire. 
 
 On the opposite side of the room is a nurse 
 in veiled cap approaching the bed and holding 
 a basin, the contents of which she is stirring 
 with a spoon. At the toot ot the bed is anoth- 
 er lady kneeling on the tiled floor before an 
 open cofi^er and examining the spoons and 
 stanciing cups contained therein, probably the 
 birthday gifts to the new-born babe. On the 
 extreme left is an entry, covered by a sparv- 
 er, to a passage paved with tiles and lighted 
 by a small window over the entrance. 
 
 [H] 
 
 * As was then the custom, the lady is not wearing anv night-dress.
 
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 II [lb] Here is shewed howe he was baptised/ havyng to his god- 
 fadres Kyng Richard the secund and seynt Richard Scrope 
 then bisshop of Hchefeld^ and after in processe of tyme. he 
 was Archebisshop of Yorke. 
 
 This picture shows the naked babe being 
 dipped, discreetly and warily, into the font 
 of baptism by a bishop vested in rochet, 
 grey amess, cope with jewelled orphrey, and 
 wearing a rich mitre. On the other side of 
 the font stand the sponsors:* King Richard 
 in his crown and parliament robes with 
 his right hand on the infant's head; the Bis- 
 hop of Lichfield, mitred, and in gown and 
 hooded tippet; and a lady of quality, the god- 
 mother probably, with butterfly headdress 
 and long gown trimmed with ermine. Be- 
 hind ithe King stand his swordbearer and 
 a nobleman, and to the left of the officiating 
 bishop is a clerk or canon holding up the 
 
 manual with the baptismal office, and on the 
 bishop's right a canon, in cassock, surplice, 
 and grey amess, bears the open chrismatory 
 with the vessels of oil and cream for the an- 
 ointing. Behind the bishop stand two other 
 canons, one of whom holds the bishop's 
 gloves and crosier, and in rear of them is a 
 group of spectators. The font is shown with 
 a six-sided shallow and arcaded bowl, sup- 
 ported by a central and six other round pil- 
 lars standing on a simple plinth. On the 
 extreme right is a flight of steps up to a 
 vaulted entry into a tall round turret and 
 across the top of the picture is a parapet of 
 pierced quatrefoils. [h] 
 
 * the babe was probably named Richard after the King and the Bishop.
 
 Ill [2] Here sheweth how this noble lorde Richard Beauchamp Erie 
 of Warrewik was made Knyghte^ to the whiche ordre in pro- 
 cesse of tyme as shall appere folowyng by his noble actes' 
 he did greet honour & worship. 
 
 The scene here depicted is shown as taking 
 place within a groined and canopied recess 
 with tiled floor, flanked by buttresses sur- 
 mounted by images of St. John Baptist and 
 St. James the Greater within housings. 
 Young Richard, now a boy of 1 7, is vested 
 in a long gown with jewelled belt, and kneels 
 before King Henry IV. on the eve ol whose 
 coronation (i2th October 1399) he was 
 made a Knight of the Bath. The King is 
 standing crowned and in his parliament robes, 
 and is placing about the boy's neck his own 
 livery collar of SS. Behind the King, in long 
 robes and wearing jewelled collars, stand sev- 
 
 eral nobles, one ot whom has a round cap on 
 his head, while another holds his cap in his 
 hand and has a large purse hanging from 
 his belt. On the King's right hand is the 
 swordbearer, in long gown with jewelled 
 belt and neck-band. Next him is a noble in 
 short girded tunic lined with fur, a jewell- 
 ed baudric across the body, and long jack 
 boots over his hose, holding in his lett hand 
 a round fur cap with rolled rim in which is 
 set an upright jewelled feather. This figure 
 probably represents Richard's father, Thom- 
 as Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. [h]
 
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 IIII[2b] HeresheweshoweDanJone Duches of Breteyn doughter of the 
 Kyng ofNavern. and newe wedded wif to henry the iiij*'^- kyng 
 of Englond was Crowned Quene of this noble Reame of Englond 
 
 On the 7th February 1402-;; l^i^g Henry 
 IV. married at Winchester, Joan, daughter 
 of Charles the Bad, King of Navarre, and 
 widow of John IV. Duke of Brittany (by 
 whom she had eight children), and on the 
 26th ot the same month she was crowned 
 Queen in the Abbey Church of Westmins- 
 ter. 
 
 The picture shows the Queen sitting on a 
 canopied chair, with a tester of the impaled 
 arms of England anci Navarre, set upon a hex- 
 agonal stage of six steps. She is vested in a 
 long gown or tunic and mantle with tassel- 
 led cords, and has her hair "decently let down 
 about her shoulders" in accordance with the 
 rubric* In her left hand she holds the scep- 
 tre with the cross and in her right the rod.t 
 The crown, which is arched over, is being 
 placed upon her head by the Archbishop, who 
 
 stands on her right, assisted by the Abbot of 
 Westminster, who stands on her left. Both 
 are mitred, and the Archbishop is in mass 
 vestments, but the Abbot in a cope over, ap- 
 parently, an albe and grey amess. Behind the 
 Archbishop, on the floor, stanci two clerks in 
 surplices and grey amesses, one of whom bears 
 the Archbishop's cross. Two other clerks in 
 amesses, one carrying his crosier, likewise 
 stand on the floor behind the Abbot. On this 
 same side also stand four of the Queen's lad- 
 ies, in long gowns and mantles with coronets 
 over their unbound hair. Opposite them is a 
 group of peers, bareheaded and in their robes, 
 the foremost being the Earl Marshal with 
 his rod. The ceremony is conventionally 
 shown as taking place within a canopied re- 
 cess flanked by buttresses. [h] 
 
 * "Laxatos circa humerosdecenterhabcnscrines." Liber Rci^iilis. 
 
 •j- According to Liber Ra^alis the sceptre should be in the right hand and the rod in the left, and they were not delivered 
 until after the crowning
 
 V [3] Here shewes howe atte Coronacion of Quene jane Erie Ric- 
 hard Kepte Justes for the Quenes part ageynst alle other com- 
 mers/ Where he so notably and so knyghtly behaved hym 
 self: as redounded to his noble fame and perpetuell worship. 
 
 This plate shows a joust with the barrier 
 or tilt on the occasion of the marriage of 
 Henry IV. with Joan of Navarre Duchess 
 of Brittany. At the top are seen the King 
 and Queen with their court. On the lett 
 hand in a gallery stands the master ot the 
 joust, to whom an attendant is bringing spears 
 with their coronels or triple pointed heads, 
 to be used in the encounter and first to he 
 inspected as to their being oi equal size etc. 
 On the right is one of the j ousters armed 
 except for his head, and waiting his turn to 
 ride against the Earl. In the middle is the 
 Earl, his helmet surmounted with the crest 
 
 of the bear and ragged staff, and he has just 
 broken his lance on the iiiniifcati d' amies of 
 his opponent. Both the jousters are accom- 
 panied by their squires, on this occasion on 
 horseback. The Earl's squire has on his back 
 his master's badge, the ragged staff. Another 
 opponent is seen armed and helmed, to whom 
 
 an attendant is giving his lance*. In the forc- 
 es o 
 
 ground are the stands tor spectators, some 
 of whom are availing themselves of a tree 
 to get a good view, while some others are 
 quarrelling for possession of fragments of 
 previously broken spears. The tilt or bar- 
 rier is of planks and about 4 to 5 feet high. 
 
 In Strutt's drawins; the lance is wrongly shown as between the reader and the crest of the jouster.
 
 
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 VI [3t>] Here shewes howe at thies daies appered a blasyng sterre 
 called Stella comata which after the seiyng of Clerkys sig- 
 nyfied greet deth and blodeshede/ And sone uppon beganne 
 the Warre of Wales by oon Owen of Glendour their chief 
 capteyn. Whom emonges other Erie Richard so sore sewed 
 that he hadde nerehande taken hym and put hym to flight 
 and toke his baner and moche of his people and his banerer. 
 
 This picture refers to events in 1402. Ac- 
 cording to Holinshed, the blazing star,t seen 
 in the upper part of the picture appeared 
 in the month of March and about the same 
 time Owen Glendower of Wales rose 
 against the English and defeated and cap- 
 tured Lord Grey of Ruthyn. In April 
 the Earl of Warwick's father Thomas died 
 and Richard became Earl. According to 
 the MS. he had good success in his fight- 
 ing with Glendower whom he nearly cap- 
 tured, indeed his banner bearer was taken. 
 
 In the upper part ot the picture is seen the 
 standard of the Earl of Warwick and below 
 it the artist has left unfinished his banner. 
 
 Both of the figures charging, the foremost 
 of whom is the Earl, hold lances of much 
 larger dimensions than the ordinary war 
 lance. The Earl has his crest of the bear 
 and ragged stafT on his visored salade. The 
 horses have crinets and chamfrons, but no 
 trappers (as in plate 48). Owen Glendower's 
 banner bearer wears a curious crested head- 
 piece such as is seen in Saxon MSS. e.g. 
 Harl. 603 and Cott. Claudius B. IV. The 
 arms of Glendower have not been shown on 
 his fringed banner*. The armour in the pic- 
 ture is, as in many others, plate and jacks 
 with shirts and sleeves of chain mail. 
 
 * According to Boutell the arms of Glendower are /i(i/r o/f'^/f's'/i'tr ii»rf,;^H/fs. oirr all a lion ranipatit sable. But 
 from his seal they appear to be gfKir/fWv .iJoW <i"rf gules four lions rampant couutcrchangeci. This was as Prince of 
 Wales in 1404. 
 
 t Known to us as Halley's comet.
 
 VII [4] Here shevves howe at the batell of Shrewesbury. betwen 
 Kyng Henry the iii]'*'' and Sir Henry Percy/ Erie Richard 
 there beyng on the kynges party ful notably and manly be- 
 haved hym self/ to his greet lawde and worship/ In which 
 batell was slayne the said Sir Henry Percy and many other 
 with him. And on the kynges party there was slayne in the 
 kynges cote armour chef of other, the Erie of Salford. Earl 
 Richardes Auntes son with many others in greet nombre. 
 on whos sowles God have mercy Amen. 
 
 This plate refers to the battle of Shrews- 
 bury fought on 2 1 St. July, 1403 between 
 King Henry IV. and Sir Henry Percy. On 
 the left side are seen the forces of the King 
 with the royal banner and that of the Earl 
 of Warwick, who is recognisable by his hel- 
 met crest of the bear anti ragged staff; the 
 three other horsemen have no distinguish- 
 ing mark. Beneath them are the English 
 archers in salades, jacks, and shirts of chain 
 mail. One toot soldier with a spear stands 
 over a fallen archer of the enemy's party. 
 On the right are the forces of' Percy, the 
 horsemen in retreat; while one mounted 
 man staggers from a lance thrust delivered 
 by the Earl of Warwick, and Hotspur, with 
 the Percy crescent as a crest, himselt tails 
 backward pierced in the breast by an English 
 
 arrow. The archers of Percy, armed and 
 equipped like the King's troops, and bearing 
 small buckles on their sword hilts, are mak- 
 ing a stand against the English archers. 
 The banner of Percy's troops is reversed, 
 and accordingly the lions rampant in the first 
 and fourth quarters are in wrong positions. 
 In plate 40 the same mistake is made with 
 the Earl's banner. Strutt in his engraving- 
 has carelessly placed the arrow of one of the 
 English archers on the right or wrong side 
 of the bow. A similar mistake is made on 
 plate 40. The Percy banner (reversed as 
 before stated), bears i and 4, gold a lion 
 rdiiipniit azure, the ancient arms of the 
 Dukes of Brabant anci Lovaine, and 2 and 3 
 ,i^nlcs flircc liicics liaiiriaiif silver for Lucy, 
 the arms of Hotspur's stepmother. [d] 
 
 13
 
 
 
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 VIII [4b] In this pagent is shewed, howe the noble Erie Richard 
 was made Knyght of the Garter at that tyme to his greet 
 worship./ And after by marciall actes by hym ful notably 
 and knyghtly acheved in his propre persone' did greet 
 honour and worship to the noble ordre of Knyghtes of the 
 Garter, as by the pagentes hereafter folowyng more pleyn- 
 ly is shewed. 
 
 This picture of investiture is most inter- 
 esting for we have a variety of attitude and 
 equipment in the figures. The King's head 
 and crown are much as we see them on coins ot 
 the period, and all the figures except two 
 or three wear caps and not helmets. The 
 official buckling on of the Garter is quite in 
 civil costume, in fact the only one of its kind 
 in the picture. There is no suggestion of 
 the accolade or sword stroke on the recip- 
 ient's shoulder, and the King himselt leans 
 
 on a staff". The attention to detail in this 
 picture is very great, and only poorly rend- 
 ered by Strutt. The great sword of state is 
 borne sheathed near the King, who himself 
 also wears the Garter. The King's attend- 
 ants wear richly ornamented cuirasses, but 
 the King's is plain save tor the staples to 
 which would be attached a lance rest. The 
 standing neck guards are very clearly shown 
 
 on several of the figures. 
 
 [D] 
 
 16
 
 IX [5] Here shewes howe good provision made of Englissh clothe 
 and other thynges necessary/ and Hcence hadde of the kyng' 
 Erie Richard sailed towardes the holy londe/ and specially to 
 the holy Cite of Jherusalem/ Where our lorde jhesu Criste 
 wilfully suffered his bitter passion, for the redempcion of al 
 man kynde. 
 
 In the foreground of this picture is Earl 
 Richard, habited as a pilgrim and holding 
 his staff, being assisted into a small boat by 
 a rugged shipman, while another is keep- 
 ing the boat steady with a pole. Behind the 
 Earl are two of his men taking a bale of 
 "Englissh clothe" off the back of its bearer, 
 and in rear of them is a party of armed at- 
 tendants. 
 
 In the upper part ot the picture Earl Ric- 
 
 hard is sailing away in a fine two-masted 
 ship, with his arms (Beauchamp quartering 
 Newburgh) upon the extended mainsail. 
 On the crows-nest or fighting top is depict- 
 ed the Earl's ragged-staff badge, and from 
 above it flies a long pennon or streamer 
 headeci by the cross of St. George and ad- 
 orned with the bear and rag-aed-staff and 
 five ragged-staves. Over the poop of the ves- 
 sel is a rich housing or awning. 
 
 [h] 
 
 17
 
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 X [5b] Here shewes howe Erie Richard, when he was passed the see, 
 he turned to his nole and nere Cosyn the Due of Barr' of whom 
 he was ful lovyngly and worshipfully resceived/ and there tar- 
 ied viij daies in greet pleasir. 
 
 Earl Richard, still in his pilgrim's habit, 
 but with his hat in his hand, is here shown 
 mounting the topmost of a flight of steps on 
 the edge of a quay and being received by 
 the Duke ot Barr, who is vested in a long 
 girded gown and stands with raised hat, 
 grasping the Earl warmly by the hand. 
 Behind the Duke are his swordbearer and 
 two other attendants. The Earl is followed 
 by a retainer, with the ragged-staff badge 
 on his back, who is stepping from a boat on 
 
 to the stairs and holding a spear. In the boat 
 are two other similarly armed men, and an- 
 other who is directing the movements of a 
 shipman in the stern. In the upper left hand 
 corner is the Earl's vessel with furled sail, 
 and on the quay behind the principal group 
 is a stately gatehouse into a walled town or 
 palace. The curious beaded globes surmount- 
 ing the gatehouse turrets have an oriental 
 appearance. 
 
 [H]
 
 XI [6] And here is shewed howe that, at this noble Duke's desire. 
 Erie Richard his Cosyn. rode with hym ageyn, the Whitson- 
 tide to the Cite of Parys. the Kyng of Fraunce there then be- 
 yng present in greet Roialte. 
 
 The Earl and the Duke here appear rid- 
 ing side by side into Paris at the head ot 
 a mounted company of spearmen. The gate- 
 house which they are approaching has simil- 
 ar bulbous terminals to those in the preced- 
 ing picture, and trom one flies the banner ot 
 the King of France. 
 
 The lords and their company are all in trav- 
 elling dress and but for the spears might 
 be simply civilians on a journey. The porter 
 is treated conventionally, leaning on his spik- 
 ed club and standing beneath the machic- 
 oulis to defend the gate.

 
 -^<<ye wst^ OtAvw^ / ^^AMi% KS'vCi ^fiU^Av^- ^ flue -i**- C>*« i^(?fif . /Vtb^Vud ^ ^. 
 
 I 
 
 a- 
 
 ^ .... /-^ 
 
 
 
 -■fr '' 
 
 
 *'ii:,l.*'
 
 XII [6b] Here shewes howe on the Whitsonday the Kyng of Fraunce 
 in reverence of the holy feest was Crowned/ and made Erie 
 Richard to sitte at his table. Where he so manerly behaved 
 hym self in langage & norture that the Kyng and his lordes 
 w' all other people gave hym greet lawde/ and at his de- 
 parting the Kyng assigned hym an heraud to geve his at- 
 tendaunce and conducte hym saufly thorowe all his Reame. 
 
 On the left of this picture is the lofty forti- 
 fied gatehouse of the King's palace, but the 
 greater part is occupied by a conventional 
 view of the room in which the feast was kept. 
 
 Behind a broad table draped with a cloth 
 down to the tiledfloorsitstheKingof France 
 in gown and mantle anci wearing his crown, 
 turned partly towards the Earl, who sits on 
 his lett clad in a long gown with transverse 
 baudric and a chaplet on his head. On the 
 
 King's right sits another lord, and a fourth 
 figure stands at the table end. In the fore- 
 ground stand in front of the table an es- 
 quire holding up a covered cup, the gowned 
 serjeant-carver with a knife, and the herald 
 in long gown and the "King's coat". On 
 the table are various dishes and bowls, and 
 over the scene is an elaborate traceried can- 
 opy, [h] 
 
 24
 
 XIII [y] Here shewes howe at his departyng from Fraunce into Lum- 
 bardy, the frenche herawde riciiely rewarded and Hcenced' 
 In shorte space after come a nother herowde to Erie Ric- 
 hard, sent fron Sir Pandolf Malatete or Malet with lettres 
 of chalenge. to do certeyn poyntes of Amies with hym at 
 Verona at a certeyn day assigned for the ordre of the Garter/ 
 To the which chalenge to be doon before Sir Galeot of 
 Mantua' Erie Richard gladly agreed/ And after he hadde 
 doon his pilgremage at Rome, he retorned to Verona/ where 
 he & his chalenger Sir Pandolf shulde first just, then go to 
 gedres with axes after with armyng swerdes and last with 
 sharpe daggers. 
 
 Two scenes are shown in this picture. In 
 the first, which takes up the more space, Earl 
 Richard is seen sitting on horseback at the 
 head of his mounted company between the 
 French herald, with whom he is shaking 
 hands and bidding farewell, and the second 
 herald who is handing in his master's letter 
 of challenge. The contrast between the 
 French herald in his armoried tabard and the 
 herald from Malateste, in travelling dress 
 with the small shield on his breast denoting 
 his office, is interesting. 
 
 In the second and smaller scene, Earl Rich- 
 ard anci his company are being presented by a 
 bishop in academical dress with mitre and 
 crosier to the Pope, who is sitting within a 
 canopied tent or pavilion. On the Pope's 
 right hand stands a cardinal. Some stupid 
 person has subsequently converted the 
 Pope's tiara into a hat of estate, and adcied 
 two large plumes to the cardinal's hat; the 
 bishop's mitre has also been turned into a 
 headpiece and his crosier into a halberd. 
 
 [h] 
 
 25
 
 
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 ^-, ; . :-
 
 XIV [jb] Howe atte place and day assigned, resortyng thidre all the 
 Contre, Sir Pandolf entred the place, ix speres born be- 
 fore hym. Then thacte of speres to therle Richard vvor- 
 shipfully finisshed' after went they to gedre with axes/ and 
 if the lorde Galaot hadde nat the sonner cried peas' Sir 
 Pandolf sore wounded on the lifte shuldre, hadde been ut- 
 terly slayne in the felde. 
 
 This plate gives a fine illustration ota foot 
 combat efi champs cios, between the Earl 
 and Sir Pandolf Malateste at Verona. This 
 fight took place before Sir Galaot of Mantua 
 who is seen with other spectators in the 
 large stand at the top. Sir Galaot holds in 
 his hand the staff or warder* which he was 
 ready to throw down when the fight became 
 likely to end with the death of one of the 
 combatants. These latter are in complete 
 armour, the Earl wearing his armoried tab- 
 ard over all and his bascinet surmounted 
 with the crest of the bear and ragged staff. 
 Each combatant holds a hcc dc faiicou with 
 its roundel to protect the forward hand, 
 and the Earl has just "sore wounded" Sir 
 Pandolf on his left shoulder. Strutt's Illus- 
 tration of this plate is unfortunately very in- 
 correct in this part. It is clear that the en- 
 counter with spears has already taken place, 
 and the armed squires or attendants stand 
 ready with horses and swords held by the 
 point, to assist the principals when the axe 
 
 fighting is finished. Sir Pandolf has a jew- 
 elled ostrich feather with smaller feathers 
 around it for a crest. His dagger is not seen 
 but the Earl's hangs at his right hip ready 
 for use. It seems impossible for Sir Pandolf 
 at least, to have mounted a horse with the 
 "tonlet" or skirt of narrow lames of metal 
 which he wears over a shirt or skirt of chain 
 mail, but this is probably the artist's way ot 
 showing as much as he could in one group. 
 The original drawing has been much spoil- 
 ed by some one attempting to show blood 
 from the wound and so obliterating part of 
 the Earl's axe; still the maul at the back of 
 the axe can be seen in front ot Pandolf 's vis- 
 or. The drawing is a very spirited one and 
 may be compared with one in Douce MS. 
 271 engraved in Black's Illustrations of An- 
 cient State and Chivalry, Roxburghe Club, 
 1840. In some places an arrow was used as 
 a warder, and many portraits of the Duke 
 of Burgundy show him holding one. 
 
 * See Richard II. act i sc. 3 
 
 28
 
 XV [8] Howe Erie Richard come to Venise and was Inned at Seynt 
 Georges and was right worshipfully resceived of the Due 
 and lordes of Venise/ and many Roial presentes hadde he 
 there geven hym/ And moche the rather for the greet lawde 
 they herde was geven hym at Verona. 
 
 This view of Venice is quite conventional 
 and there is no idea of the island position of 
 the town. Behind it appears the Earl's ship 
 with its long pennon sown with ragged staves. 
 
 The Duke, who is grasping Earl Richard 
 by the hand and attended by his swordbear- 
 er and others, wears one of those highly or- 
 
 namented baldricks so often seen in manu- 
 scripts of this period, but the ducal cap so 
 peculiar a feature of Venetian costume is not 
 hinted at. Behind the Earl is a page, with 
 his master's cognisance on his breast, hold- 
 ing his horse, and in rear is the rest ot the 
 Earl's company on foot. [h and d] 
 
 29
 
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 XVI [8b] Here shewes howe Erie Richard was worthely resceived 
 by the Patriarkes depute at Jerusalem/ and licenced to 
 commune in deu fourme with the hethen people and spec- 
 ially with the greet astates if the cans required/ and howe 
 with them he shulde be demeaned. 
 
 In this picture Earl Richard has just land- The deputy has a long gown and tippet, 
 
 ed from his ship, and attended by his com- and holds the patriarchal two-barred cross, 
 
 pany bearing many varieties of staff weapons. He is shown attended by a company of ec- 
 
 is being received by the Patriarch's deputy, clesiastics and as having just come forth from 
 
 who grasps him warmly by the hand. The a richly canopied doorway or gatehouse. 
 
 Earl wears a long gown with fringed or slit- [h] 
 tered edges and a rich collar round his neck.
 
 XVII [q] Here shewes howe he oftered in jherusalem at our lordes 
 sepulcre/ and his Amies were set up on the north side of 
 the Temple and there they remayned many yeres after, as 
 pilgrymes that longe after come thens reported. 
 
 The church of the Holy Sepulchre is here 
 conventionally shown as a hall surmounted 
 by a lantern, with the side removed to re- 
 veal the scene within. The Earl is kneeling 
 beside a flat tomb with panelled sides, clad 
 in a long robe and with his hat hanging be- 
 hind his shoulders, presenting an offering 
 of money to the Patriarch who stands be- 
 fore him with his cross in the left hand and 
 
 the right upraised. Above the tomb is his 
 shield which the Earl offers up as evidence 
 of his visit to the Sepulchre of the Lord. 
 Behind the patriarch are two other figures, 
 vested like him in girded gowns and tippets, 
 and behind the Earl kneel several of his com- 
 The rest await him without, sitting 
 
 pany 
 
 on their horses 
 
 [h]
 
 
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 XVIII [gb] Here shewes howe Sir Baltirdam a noble lorde the Sol- 
 dans lieutenaunt that tyme beyng at Jerusalem heryng 
 that Erie Richard was there and that he was lynyally of 
 blode descended of nole Sir Gy of Warrewik whoes 
 lif they hadde there in bokes of their langage' he was 
 ioyful of hym and with greet honoure resceived hym/ 
 and desired hym and his mayny to dyne with hym in 
 his owne place/ And Erie Richard ful manerly behav- 
 yng hym' graunted lorde Baltirdam to come for his pleasir. 
 
 Issuing from a stately gateway is Sir Baltir- 
 dam, attended by his swordbearer and others, 
 and grasping by the hand Earl Richard who 
 stands cap in hand at the head ot his com- 
 pany. Sir Baltirdam is a bearded and ven- 
 erable figure, wearing a turban and long 
 gown, and is girded with a scimitar. His 
 
 companions are also bearded elderly men in 
 gowns and turbans. The swordbearer has 
 likewise a turban but is clad in a closely fit- 
 ting tunic and tight hose. The Earl wears 
 a long gown and has a rich collar about his 
 
 neck. 
 
 [h] 
 
 36
 
 XIX [lo] Here shewes howe Sir Baltirdam at that dyner in his owne 
 place set first Erie Richardes Chapelleyn in the chief place/ 
 and next hyni Erie Richard/ he hym self beyng as mar- 
 chall/ and after dyner rewarded his men with silkes and 
 clothes of golde/ And to Erie Richard he gave iij precious 
 stones of greet valure/ And in secrete wise tolde hym. 
 that in his hert thowe he durst nat utter his concept' yet 
 he feithfuUy beleved as we do. Rehersyng by ordre the 
 articles of our feith: 
 
 In this spirited drawing are shown in sep- 
 arate pictures the three incidents described 
 in the rubric. In the first and largest is de- 
 picted the dinner. Behind the table, on which 
 appear the rich standing salt and dishes of 
 fowls, sit in order Earl Richard, his chaplain, 
 and a third figure, each with an attendant 
 standing behind him. Sir Baltirdam is at- 
 tended by his swordbearer, but stands with 
 true oriental politeness at the end of the ta- 
 ble, with his left hand on the Earl's shoul- 
 der, and in his right the marshal's rod. In 
 the foreground are the serjeant-carver, and 
 two other esquires holding a covered dish. 
 
 Earl Richard is bareheaded with a rich col- 
 lar about his neck; his chaplain wears a long 
 sleeved gown and a tippet across his shoul- 
 ders.* Behind the table is a coved canopy. 
 The lower of the two smaller pictures rep- 
 resents the venerable and turbaned Sir Bal- 
 tirdam handing silks and clothes of gold to 
 the members of the Earl's company. In the 
 upper of the smaller pictures Sir Baltirdam 
 is handing to the Earl, who stands bare- 
 headed with cap in hand before him, a clust- 
 er of three precious stones, which have evi- 
 ciently been taken from the iron-bound 
 chest upon the floor. [h] 
 
 Cf. the brass iil John Yslyngton at Cley, Norfolk. 
 
 37
 
 
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 XX [lob] Here shevves/ howe on the morn Erie Richard feested Sir 
 Baltirdams men and gave them largely of englisshe clothe 
 to array them in his livere after their degrees bothe scar- 
 let and other cloth of colour, this doon and by a spye 
 shewed to Sir Baltirdam^ he come to Erie Richard and 
 seide he wolde be of his liverey and marchal of his hall. 
 This Sir Baltirdam was cunnyng in many langages/ Erie 
 Richard gave hym then a gowne of blakke puke furred 
 and after dyner they hadde greet communycacion to gedre. 
 
 The figures ot the Soldan's companions 
 seated at table shows the persistence of East- 
 ern dress, which with their turbans might 
 pass for that of Afghans of to-day. 
 
 It is difficult to say what piikc was but we 
 may judge by a payment in the Wardrobe 
 accounts of Edward IV. "for making and 
 lyning of vj pair of hosen of puke lyned with 
 cloth." 
 
 The contrast of the Earl's attendant's sword 
 with the "swerde like Semeterie of Turk- 
 ey" as Hall describes the Stradiots, is inter- 
 esting. Horman in his Vitlgaria (15 19) says 
 "a hoked Baslarde is a perelse wepon with 
 the Turkes". [d] 
 
 40
 
 XXI [i i] Howe Erie Richard came ageyn to Venus And there was 
 worthily resceived of the Duke and other lordes bothe 
 sp[irit]uel & temp[or]el And al the Citee gave lovyng to 
 God. that he hadde so wele and prosperously spedde in 
 his Jo'ney to the holy londe. 
 
 The Doge, richly attired and wearing a cor- or j ewels. The background represents a wall- 
 
 onet, and attended by his swordbearer and ed city with a stately gatehouse. On the left is 
 
 two other nobles, is here shown embracing an arm of the sea with the Earl's ship, and in 
 
 Earl Richard, who is habited in the ragged baseistheboat from which he has just landed, 
 
 garb of a pilgrim, while wearing a rich col- containing four armed men and a shipman 
 
 lar. By him stands a tall attendant holding a who is holding on to a ringbolt at the top of 
 
 glavewithacrossguard and a box of luggage the landing steps. [h] 
 
 41
 
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 XXII [lib] Here sheweth howe Erie Richard from Venuse toke 
 his wey to Russy Lettowe Poleyn and Spruse Westvale 
 and other coostes of Almayn toward Englond by suche 
 Coostes as his Auncestry hadde labored in/ and special- 
 ly Erie Thomas his grauntfadre. that in warre hadde 
 taken the Kynges son of Lettowe and brought hym in- 
 to Englond And cristened hym at London namyng 
 hym after hym self Thomas/ And in this Jurney Erie 
 Richard gate hym greet worship at many turnamentes 
 and other faites of werre. 
 
 This plate shows us a tourney as distinct from 
 the jousts on Plates v, xxix — xxxi, xxxiv. 
 
 There are but four knights engaged and the 
 whole group reminds one of a similar rep- 
 resentation in Douce MS. 271. 
 
 The Earl of Warwick on the spectator's 
 lett bears the crest of the bear and ragged 
 staff, his partner has a winged dragon tor 
 crest and one ot his opponents a "bush" of 
 jewelled feathers. The other opponent has 
 just had his crest displaced by a sword blow 
 of the Earl. The horses all have crinets and 
 
 chamfrons, and trappers of various designs. 
 The spectators, only six in number, are all 
 bareheaded except one, apparently the judge, 
 who wears a felt hat with a large jewel in the 
 upturned brim and a collar ot jewels round 
 his neck. The Earl and his partner wear 
 brigandines with sleeves of plate and shirts 
 of mail, while the opponents apparently wear 
 cuirasses. All wear bascinets with visors hav- 
 ing large breathing holes; and the swords 
 are pointless as they were worn in the tourney. 
 
 44
 
 XXIII [i2] Here sheweth. howe after the cummyng home of Erie 
 Richard from the holy lande^ Henry the V'*" then be- 
 yng kyng of Englond was secretely enfourmed of a 
 prevey and sodeyn Insurreccion of traiterous heretikes. 
 which sodenly by myght purposed to have taken & kept 
 the kyng undre their rule & subieccion/ and after by 
 his auctorite to have destroied the Church of Englond^ 
 and to slee the p[re]lates. and distribute their possess- 
 ions ayenst the hono' of God/ after their indiscrete ad- 
 vises and pleasirs. 
 
 Two views are shown in this picture: the a sealed letter, not apparently trom the Earl, 
 
 Earl, still in his pilgrim's garb, landing from but from a servant who tends in on bended 
 
 a boat on the edge of a wood; and an inner knee. The King is seated under a traverse. In 
 
 chamber with King Henry V, crowned and the background is Earl Richard's ship, with 
 
 in his parliament robes, attended by his his ragged-staff badge upon the fighting top. 
 swordbearer and four other nobles, receiving [h] 
 
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 XXIV [ I 2b] Here sheweth howe this victorious & noble pry nee 
 Kyng Henr' the V' oponed this matier to the lordes of 
 his Counseel/ Erie Richard then being present/ which 
 for thaccomplisshment of the Kynges entent & pleasir 
 therin dressed hym self in to his harneys/ and ful corag- 
 iously w' good circumspeccion and forsight avaunsed 
 hym self to the subdewyng of the said trai tours & here- 
 tikes. 
 
 In the rio;ht hand of the two pictures here 
 shown the King, in his crown and parliament 
 robes, is sitting under a traverse within a 
 chamber with a vaulted ceiling, discussing 
 with Earl Richard and four other lords who 
 stand about him, the matter referred to in 
 the rubric. 
 
 In the left hand picture the Earl is seen 
 being armed, but it is rather peculiar that it 
 is the right leg which is being attended to. 
 It is known that in general the arming of a 
 
 knight began at the feet and so upward, but 
 this may merely represent an after adjust- 
 ment of the greave. The upright neck 
 guards often wrongly called pasguards are 
 here seen on the Earl's armour. The earli- 
 est representation of such defences is in the 
 Bedford Missal executed before Christmas 
 1 430 when that book was given to Henry VI. 
 by the Countess of Bedford. The attendant 
 behind bears the Earl's bascinet with the usu- 
 al crest. [h and d] 
 
 4«
 
 XXV [13] Howe Erie Richard after he hadde scovvred the see. was 
 made Capteyn of Caleys/ where he ful notably gwided al 
 thynges undre his governaunce And when he hadde seen 
 al his londes & sette al thyng in dewe ordre' ye yode to 
 Caleys where he was reuerentlyresceivedw' precession, etc. 
 
 The scene here represented shows the King, 
 Henry V., crowned and in his parliament rob- 
 es, sitting under a traverse within a chamber 
 with vaulted ceiling, and attended by his 
 swordbearer and another lord. Before him 
 kneels Earl Richard, receiving the letters 
 patent of his appointment as Captain of Cal- 
 ais, from the Lord Chancellor, Henry Beau- 
 fort, Bishop of Winchester, who stands on 
 the King's right in mitre and academical hab- 
 it. Outside kneel the Earl's attendants, clad 
 in cuirasses and shirts of mail, but without 
 other armour or head defences. The small 
 buckler is carried as usual on the sword hilt, 
 
 and is ornamented with embossed designs 
 and nail heads. On the breast the men bear 
 the badge of the ragged staff but as showing 
 a freedom greater than usual in English her- 
 aldry, the badges point to the right shoulder 
 whereas in plates 1 5 and 26, the upper end 
 of the ragged staffis toward the left shoulder. 
 
 The Earl wears a long gown with a rich bal- 
 dric with pendants and a large jewel, and has 
 his sword at his side. 
 
 The vessels in the background have stream- 
 ers displaying the ragged staff alone and in 
 one case with the bear. 
 
 [h and d] 
 
 49
 
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 XXVI [ijb] Howe Erie Richard after he hadde seen his landes, & 
 sette al thyng in deu ordre heryng of a greet gader- 
 yng in Fraunce. in asmoche as he was capteyn of Cal- 
 ys' he hied hym thidre hastely. and was there worthe- 
 ly received/ And when that he herd that the gaderyng 
 in Fraunce was nat appoynted to come to Caleys' he 
 cast in his mynde to do some newe poynt of chev- 
 alry. Wheruppon he lete paynt iij pavises & in every 
 pavice a lady the first harpyng atte ende of a bedstede 
 w' a grate of gold on her lifte sieve/ & her knyght called 
 the grene knyght w' a blakke quarter And he shulde be 
 redy to just w' eny knyght of Fraunce xij co'^ses and ij 
 shildes shulde be of purviance/ And thatknyghteslettre 
 was sealed 
 
 This long rubric extends over two pictures. 
 
 The firstpicturerepresents Earl Richard be- 
 ing "worthily received" outside the town of 
 Calais, which figures conventionally treated in 
 the background, with the Earl's ship in the 
 harbour. The Earl, in full armour, but with 
 bare head and hands, is kneeling on a cushion 
 before a temporary altar and kissing a precious 
 cross* which is being held out to him by a 
 
 priest in surplice, amess, and cope who stands 
 behind. With the priest are three other 
 clerks in surplices (one of whom holds a pro- 
 cessional cross), and a boy in cassock and sur- 
 plice with a censer. In rear of the Earl kneel a 
 number of his attendants, clad as in the last 
 picture, but with their lord's ragged-staff 
 badge in bend sinister instead ot dexter, [h] 
 
 * It will he seen that the lower end of the cross is socketed, so that it could set upon a staff for processions, or upon a 
 hase as an altar cross.
 
 XXVII w' the scale of his Armes. the felde sylver a maunche gowlys. 
 [i^.] The secund Pavys hadde a lady sittyng at a covered horde, 
 worchyng pcrles/ and on her sieve was tached a glove of plate/ 
 And her knyght was called Chevaler vert/ And his lettre was 
 sealed w' the Armes. the felde sylver and ij barres of gowles/ 
 And he must just xv courses and that shiilde be ij sadilles of 
 choyes/ The iij'^^ pavys a lady sittyng in a gardeyn makyng a 
 Chapellet/ And on her sieve, a poleyn w' a Rivet/ her knyght 
 was called Chivaler attendant/ And he & his felowe must renne 
 X cours w' sharpe speres & w'out sheldys/ his lettre was sealed 
 w' golde & gowles quarte abordourof vere/* thies lettres were 
 sent to the kynges Coort of Fraunce And a noon other iij 
 frenche knyghtes received them & graunted their felowes to 
 mete at day & place assigned. 
 
 This second picture apparently represents 
 Earl Richard's herald in a coat of his lord's 
 arms, presenting on bended knee to the Presi- 
 dent of the " Kynges Coort of Fraunce" the 
 three letters of challenge sealed respectively 
 with a maunch, two bars, and four quarters 
 with a border of vair. The herald wears long 
 hose and riding boots with spurs, and ajerkin 
 under his coat of arms, and holds his cap in 
 his left hand. With his right he is handing 
 in the third letter. The president is seated, 
 within a recess, on a canopied seat set upon 
 three steps, and wears a hat of estate and a 
 long gown with loose sleeves and has about 
 his neck a rich gold collar with pendant jew- 
 el. In his right hand is the first of the let- 
 ters, and in his left the second, which he is 
 handing to an attendant lord. On the pres- 
 ident's right stand the swordbearer, in a long 
 
 gown with a large pouch hung from the gir- 
 dle, and two other lords. Above the recess 
 in which the president sits are fixed the three 
 pavises which Earl Richard "letepaynt",and 
 on the right of the picture is the herald rid- 
 ing away after delivering his letters. The 
 artist has not been able, on the small scale to 
 which the pavises are drawn, to show very 
 clearly the grate on the first or the poleyn 
 with a rivet in the third. The term "poleyn" 
 tor knee-cop occurs often in inventories. 
 The "rivet" is an early appearance of the 
 term for a suit (from revetir to clothe) so oft- 
 en used in the 1 6th century with Almayn, 
 that is a suit of German armour.f The form 
 of the pavises closely resembles that of the 
 shields on the later brass of Sir Roger I'Est- 
 range 1506, in Hunstanton church, Norfolk. 
 
 [h and d] 
 
 * It is interesting to note the simple English blazon of the three arms described, 
 t See Hall's Oironidc 5th year of Henry VHI. 
 
 53
 
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 XXVIII Here shewes howe as it is said, afore thies lettres were receiv- 
 [14b] ed' To the hrst applied hym self, a noble knyght j called Sir 
 Gerard herbawines. that called hym self Sir Chevaler Rouge/ 
 to the secunde answered a famous knyght. Sir Hugh lavney 
 callyng hym self le chivaler Blanke/ and to the iij**^ agreed an 
 excellent knyght called Sir Colard Fynes/ at a certeyn day 
 and place assigned/ that is to say/ the xij'*" day of Cristmasse 
 in a lawnde called the parke hedge of Gynes. 
 
 The King ot France, wearing his parlia- 
 ment robes and a crown of fleurs-de-lys (as 
 distinguished from the "English crown of 
 crosses and fleurs-de-lys), is shown seated on 
 a dais beneath a tester within a pavilion 
 with decorated front*. On his right hand 
 stands his swordbearer, with a pouch hang- 
 ing from the girdle of his long tunic, and a 
 rich collar about his neck, and behind him 
 are several courtiers. Behind the King on 
 his left stands a curly headed man with a col- 
 lar about his neck and apparently a penner 
 and inkhorn in his hand, and a number of 
 
 other nobles andgentlemen, several of whom 
 have swords suspended from rich baldrics. 
 
 One of them in a long fur-lined gown, like 
 the man next him, stands in advance of the 
 rest and is pointing with his finger to the 
 bearer of Earl Richard's letters, who kneels 
 upon one knee and presents them to Charles. 
 
 The Earl's herald wears a tabard of his mas- 
 ter's arms, and is booted and spurred, and 
 armed with a sword. The King is shown 
 as having received two letters, which he has 
 upon his knee under his left hand, and is 
 taking a third from the herald. [h] 
 
 * This is perhaps only a conventional way of showing the inside of a room. 
 
 56
 
 XXIX Here shewes howe Erie Richard on the first day that was the 
 [15] xij'*' day of Cristmasse corny ng to the felde his face covered/ a 
 bussh of Estrich fethres on his hede/ his horse trapped w' the 
 Armes of oon of his Auncestres the lorde Tony/ And at the 
 iij'*'' cours he cast to the grounde at his spere poynt behynde 
 the horse taile' the knyght called le Cheveler Kugej And then 
 the Erie w' cloos visar. reto'ned unknowen to his Pavilyon/ 
 And forthw* he sent to the said knyght a fair Courser. 
 
 This plate like No. 5 shows a joust, but here 
 it is the Earl who is jousting at Guines with 
 Sir Gerard Herbaumes, who called himself 
 the Cheveler Ruge. The Earl, now Captain 
 of Calais, is in full armour with "a bussh of 
 Estrich fethres" as a crest, and on the trapper 
 of his horse are the arms, sih'er a tuaiiche 
 gules, of one of his ancestors the Lord Tony, 
 twice repeated. The horse has as usual a crin- 
 et and chamfron of metal with a ball on the 
 crupper, such as is seen in the Heralds' Col- 
 lege Tournament Roll of 1 5 1 1 . The Earl has 
 on his left shoulder the sort of metal shield 
 called a niaiitcaii d'aniies. We aretoldthat 
 the Cheveler Ruge was at the third course 
 cast to ground behind the horse tail, but after- 
 wards received from the Earl a fair courser. 
 The Cheveler's lance of which he has lost 
 hold shows the vamplate to protect the hand 
 
 and also the burre or ring with small teeth 
 which, holding in the wooden block in the 
 lance rest, distributed the shock ot encounter 
 over the whole body of the jouster, instead 
 of bringing the strain on the wrist. 
 
 In the middle stand is seen the King of 
 France and below and in front of him stands 
 the Earl's herald in his tabard of arms and 
 holding in either hand a inaiiteaii li'aniics. 
 On the left in a gallery are the French princes 
 in their armouried tabards, and in the gal-, 
 lery on the right are spectators and French 
 trumpeters, the trumpets having banners of 
 France ancient. 
 
 At the foot of the picture are two stands for 
 spectators. The Earl has in addition to his 
 armour, the extra protective piece for the left 
 side of his helmet, known as the haute piece. 
 
 57
 
 
 
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 XXX [15 b] Howe Erie Richard the second day came into -the felde/ 
 that is to sey the morowe after the xij'*' day his visar cloos/ 
 a Chaplet on his basnet/ and a tufte of estrich fethres a- 
 lofte/ his hors trapped w' his armes of Hamslape silver ij 
 barrys of gowlys and ther mette w'hym the blank knyght/ 
 and they ran to gider^ and the Erie smote up his viso''thries 
 & brake his besagues and other barneys/ all his apparaile 
 saved/ and so w' the victory and hym self unknowen' rode to 
 his pavilion ageyn/ and sent to this blank knyght Sir Hugh 
 Lawney a good Courser. 
 
 Another picture oi a joust, that which took 
 place on the second day, when the Earl en- 
 countered the "blank knyght", Sir Hugh 
 Lawney. On this occasion the Earl haci his 
 horse trapper displaying the arms of Mauduit 
 of Hanslope, sil'i'ci' hco bars i^iilcs. On his 
 helmet he wore a chaplet or orle with a tuft 
 ot ostrich feathers. His armour was as on the 
 first day. The Blank or White Knight has a 
 crest of a winged dragon and the attachment 
 of his iiiaiitcaii cf amies by points is wel 
 shown. The Earl has broken his lance on the 
 knight's head, and as we are told, he smote 
 up his visor thrice and brake his besagues 
 
 and other barneys. The besagues are, it is 
 believed, the small plates protecting the arm- 
 pit, and are often seen on brasses of this per- 
 iod. Meyrick thought them to be the visor 
 pivots on the helmet. As in plate 29 the 
 King is seen in the middle stand with princes, 
 or perhaps heralds, on his right, and trum- 
 peters tohis left. The tilt is here (as in plate 
 29) composed of a number of planks, and 
 there are the two stands for spectators at the 
 foot of the picture. The Earl's herald here 
 holds the two saddles of " choyes" mentioned 
 
 in the challenge. 
 
 [d] 
 
 60
 
 XXXI [i 6] Howe on the morowe next folowyng that was the last day 
 of the Justes. Erie Richard came in face opyn^ his basnet 
 as the day afore, save the Chapellet was rich of perle & 
 precious stones, in Gy ys amies and Beauchamps quart- 
 erly/ and the armes also of Tony and Haunslape in his 
 trappours/ And said like as he hadde his owne persone 
 performed the ij dales afore' so w' goddes grace he wolde 
 the iij'^'*. Then ranne he to the Chivaler now Sir Colard 
 Fynes/ and every stroke he bare hym bakward to his horse 
 bakke & then the frensshmen said he was bounde to the 
 sadyll/ Wherfor he alighted there from his horse' and 
 forthw' stept up in to his sadill ageynj & so w' worship 
 rode to his pavilion & sent to Sir Colard a good Courser 
 and fested all the people gevyng the said iij knyghtes 
 greet rewardes/ and rode to Calys w' greet worship. 
 
 This plate shows the third day's joust, 
 when the Earl's opponent was Sir Colard 
 Fynes,* whom he hare backwards to his 
 horse's back each ot the three courses. When 
 the Frenchmen thought the Earl was fastened 
 into his saddle, to disprove it he dismount- 
 ed and then got into his saddle again. For 
 this joust the Earl rode bare faced with a 
 very rich chaplet of pearl and precious stones 
 and the ostrich feathers, and wore a tabard 
 surcoat displaying the arms of Guy (New- 
 burgh) and Beauchamp quarterly. His horse 
 
 trapper bore the arms of Tony and Hans- 
 lope quarterly. 
 
 As in the two previous plates the king, 
 princes, and heralds, the trumpeters and spec- 
 tators, are seen in their relative positions, 
 and the incident of the Earl's dismounting 
 and remounting is also shown. On the brok- 
 en lance is seen very clearly the vamplate 
 and the burre and the sharp point. Accord- 
 ing to the challenge this joust was with sharp 
 spears and no shields or inauicaiix d' antics 
 were to be worn.- [d] 
 
 * Fiennes is about 3 miles S.S.W. of Guiiies. 
 
 61
 
 
 
 
 
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 XXXII Here shewes howe Kyng Henry the V" made Erie Richard 
 [i6b] and Robert Halam Bisshop of SaHsbury' w' other worshipful 
 persones his Ambassiatours to the general Counseil of Con- 
 stance. 
 
 By letters patent dated from his palace of 
 Westminster on the 20th October 141 4, 
 King Henry V. appointed a number of am- 
 bassadors to represent him at the General 
 Council to be opened at Constance on the ist 
 November following. They included three 
 bishops, Nicholas Bubwith ot Bath and Wells, 
 Robert Hallam ot Salisburv, and John Cat- 
 terick of St. Davids; also Richard Beau- 
 champ, Earl of Warwick, William, Abbot of 
 Westminster, Henry lord Fitzh ugh, and oth- 
 ers.* 
 
 In this picture King Henry is shown seated 
 within a small round tent upon a circular dais, 
 in his crown and parliament robes, handing 
 his letters patent to Earl Richard and his fel- 
 low ambassadors who kneel before him. 
 The Earl is bareheaded, and wears a long 
 girded gown with a large pouch on the right 
 side and a short sword on the left, and a rich 
 
 collar about his neck. Three other ambassa- 
 dors seem to be habited similarly, but the 
 Bishop of Salisbury wears academical dress 
 and his mitre. The King is accompanied by 
 the swordbearer, who is dressed like Earl 
 Richard, and several other persons, one of 
 whom seems to be a clerk in gown and hood- 
 ed tippet. In the right foreground sits an- 
 other clerk in a long gown and a hooded tip- 
 pet laid across his shoulders, entering an ac- 
 count of the proceedings on a parchment 
 roll. 
 
 The scene is shown as taking place within a 
 pavilion, surmounted by an ornamental cor- 
 nice flanked by two pinnacled buttresses. 
 The cornice consists ot two rounded sections 
 on either side of a pointed one, and the rais- 
 ed floor of the pavilion Is shaped to the same 
 form. [h] 
 
 * The full text is printed in Kymer's Focdcni. cd. 1721;, ix. 167 
 
 64
 
 XXXIIl Howe the Pope* and the clergy tet Emperour Sygismond 
 [17] and the Temporalte honorably and honestly did resceive 
 them. 
 
 Within an elaborately canopied recess is the 
 Pope, John xxiii, in a hooded mantle, sitting on 
 achair of estate, and stretching forth his right 
 hand to receive the King of England's letter 
 from Earl Richard and his fellow ambassadors. 
 On the left of the Pope stand the Emperor (in 
 gown, tippet, mantle and tiara), a king, and 
 two other people (one apparently a woman) 
 wearing spiked coronets, and on his right 
 three cardinals and a bishop or other mitred 
 person. Earl Richard is kneeling upon one 
 knee and clad in a long girded gown, with a 
 
 rich jewelled baldric over his left shoulder. 
 Next to him kneels the Bishop of Salisbury, 
 in gown, tippet with hood, and mitre, with 
 an attendant clerk and several other persons 
 standing beyond. 
 
 Some anti-Papist has disfigured the draw- 
 ing by alteringthe Pope's tiara intoatri-part- 
 ed crown, and tampering with the head-gear 
 of the cardinals; the Emperor's triple crown 
 has also been injured. Beards have like- 
 wise been given to the Pope and one ot the 
 cardinals. [h] 
 
 * Written dver another word, 
 t Sic. 
 
 i
 
 
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 XXXIV Here shewes howe a myghty Duke chalenged Erie Richard 
 [17b] for his lady sake/ And he Justyng slewe the Duke/ And then 
 the Emperesse toke the Erles lyvere a here from a knyghtes 
 shuldre/ and for greet love and favo'' she sette hit on her 
 shuldre/ then Erie Richard, made oon of perle & precious 
 stones, and offered her that/ and she gladly and lovyngly res- 
 ceived hit. 
 
 In this picture we have a variety ot the joust, 
 such as it was before 1430, when the tilt or 
 barrier was first introduced. The j ousters are 
 riding as before left arm to left arm, but in 
 the open field and with sharp spears, as the 
 Earl's antagonist found to his cost, tor as the 
 picture shows he was pierced through and 
 through and slain. The encounter took place 
 at Constance in the presence ot the Emperor 
 Sigismund and his Empress who with " many 
 other worshipful persons" were attending 
 the general Council of Constance in 14 14. 
 The cause for the fight was for Earl Rich- 
 ard's Lady^'s sake, and the Empress, as we see, 
 took the Earl's livery, a bear, from a knight's 
 shoulder and " for greet love and favour sette 
 hit on her shuldre." Then the Earl made 
 
 one of pearls and precious stones and offer- 
 ed her that and she gladly and lovingly re- 
 ceived it. 
 
 The Emperor and Empress occupy the mid- 
 dle stand, with courtiers on either side, while 
 the trumpeters in the lists blow a fanfare. 
 The Earl in complete armour, with his bear 
 and ragged-staff crest and the haute piece, is 
 transfixing " the myghty Duke". The horses 
 of both have the plumes on the head known 
 as topnets. The artist has shown very slight- 
 ly the imperial double-headed eagle on the 
 tabards of the heralds on the right, but has 
 omitted any blason on the trumpet banners. 
 
 This picture gives a good idea of how the 
 livery badge was worn by those above the 
 
 rank of servants. 
 
 [H] 
 
 68
 
 XXXV Howe the Emperour for a special love made Erie Richard to 
 [18] here his swerde/ & protored to geve hym seynt Georges hert. 
 Englisshmennes avowry to bryng into Englond/ but Erie Rich- 
 ard heryng the Empero" sey. that he inhisownepersonewolde 
 com into Englond' he by endenture restored hit to hy[m] 
 agey n/ saiy ng the Dely very ng of hit by his owne persone shulde 
 be more acceptable. & norisshyng of more love/ and so he did/ 
 for in shorte space after/ he come into Englond/ and was made 
 Knyght of the Garter/ and oiTered up the holy hert hym selfe. 
 which is worshipfully yet kept at Wyndesore/ And in his 
 commyng & goyng at Caleys Erie Richard then beyng Cap- 
 teyn there hono'^ably resceived hym/ And the Empero' said 
 to the Kyng/ that no prince cristyn for wisdom nortur & 
 manhode hadde suche a nother knyght as he hadde of therle 
 of warrewyk/ addyng thereto that if al curtesy e were lost' yet 
 myght hit be founde ageyn in hym/ And so ever after by the 
 Empero's auctorite, was called the fadre of Curteisy. 
 
 This picture represents two scenes. 
 The first is a procession, headed by a number 
 of lords with rich collars about their necks, 
 with Earl Richard bareheaded, and with a coat 
 of his arms over his armour, bearing the 
 sword before the Emperor Sigismund. The 
 Emperor is clad in a parliament robe and 
 wears his triple crown, and carries the orb ot 
 sovereignty and the sceptre. Behind him is 
 the Empress, also with a triple crown on her 
 
 head and a sceptre in her hand, followed by a 
 number ot her ladies. The procession is 
 shewn issuing trom an archway on one side 
 and passing on through another below, be- 
 fore an open balcony which contains the se- 
 cond scene. This apparently represents Earl 
 Richard bareheaded and in his coat of arms 
 either receivino- trom or handing back to the 
 Emperor the pinnacled monstrance contain- 
 ing St. George's heart. [h] 
 
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 XXXVI Howe Erie Richard in his commyng into Englond. wanne ij 
 [ I 8b] greet Carykkes in the See. 
 
 This spirited picture of a sea fight is full ot 
 interesting detail. On the left, from the mast 
 head of a great ship, floats the Standard of the 
 Earl with his badges, and behind it is the ar- 
 mouried mainsail of his arms. The archers are 
 again seen in metal caps and jacks, and the 
 cannon are shown pointing over the bulwarks. 
 
 On the forecastle are displayed shields or 
 targets with St. George's cross and the rag- 
 ged staff. 
 
 In the first carrack is a javelin man standing 
 in the forecastle, his buckler of peltast form, 
 
 transfixed with an English arrow, while in 
 the waist of the ship the crossbowmen dis- 
 charge their quarrels and matrasses. In the 
 tops of the two carracks are men casting darts 
 and stones on the Earl's ship. One of the 
 men has already been reached by an arrow 
 and the other will soon be got at also. 
 Hall in his chronicle of a sea fight in 1513 
 speaks of the preparation made by " the arch- 
 ers to shoot, the Gunners to loose, the men 
 ot arms to fight, the pages went to the top 
 castle with darts". [d] 
 
 72
 
 XXXVII Howe Erie Richard in the warres of Fraunce toke Denfront^ 
 [ig] and entred first into Cane/ but inasmoche as he was there 
 w' & undre lorde Thomas Due of Clarance. the Kynges 
 next brother' he sette on the walle the Kynges Armys/ and 
 the Dukes/ and made crye a Clarance a Clarance/ And then 
 entred the Duke/ and gave the Erie many greet thankes. 
 After the Erie beseged Caudbek on the water of Sayn^ and 
 they appoynted to stonde undre the fourme of Roon/ And 
 then brought he up vessels by water to Roon/ And than by 
 his policy was it beseged both by londe & water/ After he 
 wan Mount seynt Mighell & many other stronge townes^ 
 And the Kyng made hym Erie of Aumarle. 
 
 This plate represents the siege of Caen in non over the bulwarks and a gunner besid 
 
 141 8. it. On the right are Warwick's soldiers arm- 
 
 The chronicler St. Remy mentions that the ed with spears and bills and below is the town 
 Earl of Warwick was quartered at the Porte of Caen. Within the walls stand spearmen, 
 de Beauvais, but he does not mention the and on the towers will be noticed the brack- 
 Duke of Clarence, whose banner according to ets on which would be built the wooden 
 the text attached to this plate as well as the "breteches" to assist in the flanking defence 
 plate itself shows, was displayed on the wall of the wall. On a sort of terrace outside are 
 when the assault was made. On the left of three crossbowmen with their pavices. The 
 the picture is the Earl of Warwick giving artist has as usual shown the bow of the cross- 
 instructions to a gunner who is about to place bows as nearly vertical, thereby avoiding the 
 in the breech-loading cannon on its wooden difficulty of foreshortening the weapons, but 
 bed, the chamber which contained the pow- showing them in a most impractical position, 
 der charge. Below this is a ship with a can- [d] 
 
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 XXXVIII Howe Erie Richard was atte sege of Ron/ there set first be- 
 [ I gb] twen the Kynges tent and seynt Kateryns/ And whan seynt 
 Kateryns was wonne' he was sette to kepe Port Martevyle. 
 
 This picture gives a view of another siege, 
 that ot Rouen. The upper part shows the 
 town with its walls, towers, and drawbridge. 
 
 In the lower part of the plate is the Eng- 
 lish camp with its palisades, batteries, and 
 tents. On the left King Henry V. is giving 
 to the Earl the charge of the Port Mart- 
 evyle. In the middle is the Earl's tent, and 
 on the rio-ht the Earl is seen standing in 
 front of a tent surmounted by a flag bear- 
 ing his arms. 
 
 The soldiers beyond the King's tent have 
 
 various staff weapons, and wear salades and 
 jacks. The King has a crown around his sal- 
 ade, and wears a tabard with his arms over 
 his armour. The Earl, on his knee, is also 
 clad in a tabard of his arms over his armour. 
 
 The King besides a sword, holds in his 
 hand a long two handed axe, such a weapon 
 as was often used in combats cii champ clos. 
 
 On the right hand Warwick also holds a 
 similar axe and wears his armouried tabard 
 over complete armour. [d] 
 
 76
 
 XXXIX Here shewes howe kyng henry from Roon sent Erie Richard 
 [2 o] to the kyng of Fraunce and the Erie of kyme w' hymj in the 
 begynnyngof May. w' a M' men of Armes for the manage of 
 Dame kateryn doughter of the said kyng of Fraunce. 
 
 In the left half of this picture is Earl Rich- 
 ard in full armour but with leather shoes 
 and his coat of arms, with his cap in his hand, 
 kneeling on one knee before King Henry 
 and receiving from him a sealed or close let- 
 ter. The King is wearing his crown and par- 
 liament robes, and sitting within a canopied 
 recess with the swordbearer andhalf a dozen 
 other lords in attendance. Above are the tow- 
 ers, and below the battlemented walls of the 
 town of Rouen. 
 
 In the right half of the picture are the two 
 Earls riding away with their men-at-arms. 
 Prominent among them is Earl Richard's 
 banner. Earl Richard is distinguished by his 
 coat of arms and has an arrow in his hand. 
 
 [h] 
 
 Both Earls are in plate armour and wear 
 round salades with large rivet heads. War- 
 wick has a jewelled plume set in a ball sur- 
 mounting his headpiece. Both wear hausse 
 cols or chin pieces and the Earl ot Kyme's 
 salade has a visor. 
 
 The riders in front all wear round salades, 
 one with a ball on top. One of them has a 
 chain mail tippet and two of them have brig- 
 andines with short chain mail sleeves over 
 plate brassards. 
 
 Warwick's saddle has the cantle with arms, 
 known in Germany as the krippeii Sattcl. 
 Warwick and the horseman in front ot him 
 have the end of a strap hanging below the 
 headpiece, but for what purpose it is not clear. 
 
 Warwick's horse has a topnet. [d] 
 
 77
 
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 XL Howe the Dolphyn of Fraunce leide in the wey v""' men of 
 
 [20b] Armes w' the Erles of Vandon & Lymosyn/ and bothe the 
 
 frennsh Erles were slayn/ and ij""' of his men taken & slayn/ all 
 
 ther put to flight^ And Erie Richard slewe oon [of] the said 
 
 Erles [w'] his owne handes. 
 
 This battle piece shows howe the Earl en- English spearmen and archers clad as in plate 
 
 countered and defeated the Dauphin and 7, and one of them as in that plate is carrying 
 
 the Earls of Vendome and Limoges. his arrows in his belt. On the right are the 
 
 The two earls were slain, one of them by flying Frenchmen, and probably one of the 
 
 the hand of the Earl of Warwick, and 2000 two earls*. Below are crossbowmen in sal- 
 
 ofthe French were killed or taken. On the adesandchapels-de-ferandjacks,twoofthem 
 
 left is seen the banner of Warwick borne by armed also with scimitar-shaped baselards. 
 a man with closed helmet behind four horse- Here again the difficulty of foreshortening 
 
 men, one of whom, with a jewelled feather the crossbow has occureci to the artist, 
 
 crest, will be recognized by his coat armour The French banner has not been filled in. 
 as the valiant Warwick. Below these are [d] 
 
 His horse like Warwick's has a jewelled feather head pluine or top-net. 
 
 80
 
 XLI [21] Howe Erie Richard his enemyes overcome' did his mes- 
 sage to the Kyng of Fraunce. and brought answere ageyn 
 to Kyng harries greet pleasir. 
 
 This picture represents two scenes: (i) the 
 Earl returning at the head of his mounted 
 men from delivering his message; and (2) the 
 Earl kneeling before King Harry and hand- 
 ing him the French King's letter. 
 
 In the former the Earl is riding between 
 two horsemen and is in plate armour, with a 
 tabard of his arms, and has a round tur cap 
 upon his head. With his left hand he guides 
 his horse, and in his right, which is not glov- 
 ed, he holds a baton. The man on his left is in 
 complete armour and carries a long pennon 
 charged with the Earl's bear and ragged-staff 
 badge and a number of ragged staves. The 
 armed man who rides behind the Earl evi- 
 dently carries his helm, the spangled plume 
 of which can be seen above the Earl's shoul- 
 der. What the man on the Earl's right car- 
 ried is not shown. The rest of the men are all 
 in full armour and carry spears, bills, and 
 other weapons. He who is behind the helm 
 bearer seems to be carrying the Earl's tilting 
 spear. 
 
 The foreground of this part is partly a wood. 
 
 The other scene is shown as taking place 
 within a building, with the front omitted to 
 enable the proceedings to be seen. The build- 
 ing is square, with a gabled roof, and has on 
 one side a round turret upon the top of which 
 a stork is sitting on her nest. In rear is a large 
 circular tower with a battled parapet. In the 
 scene the King, in a crown of trefoils and his 
 parliament robes, with a rod or sceptre in his 
 left hand, is sitting beneath a fringed tester 
 upon a dais. Before him Earl Richard, bare- 
 headed, but still in his armour and tabard, is 
 kneeling on one knee and delivering the King 
 of France's letter. In the doorway behind the 
 Earl are two of his men-at-arms, one having 
 a ragged staff in bend upon his breast. To 
 the right of the King stand a clerk in gown 
 and hooded tippet and a noble in long gown 
 with a rich collar and a large purse at his gir- 
 dle. On the King's left stand his swordbear- 
 er in long gown, and another man. [h] 
 
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 XLII [2 lb] Howe the noble Erie Richard^ brought answere to Kyng 
 henr' of his message doon to the Kyng of Fraunce for the 
 mariage of Dame Kateryn his doughter. 
 
 This picture is to a large extent filled by a cur- 
 ious two-storied building. The ground story 
 has battled walls with an elaborately buttress- 
 ed circular turret at the front corner and a 
 larger round turret on the right. Between 
 these is a round headed doorway. In the door- 
 way stands a well-dressed man, with a rich 
 baldric over his left shoulder, taking off his 
 plumed hat with his left hand and with his 
 right holding Earl Richard by the hand. The 
 Earl is armed and in his tabard, and holds 
 his fur cap in his left hand. Behind him are 
 two of his esquires, and the French lord who 
 is apparently greeting him is also attended 
 by an esquire. The upper story ot the build- 
 
 ing consists of a square chamber, with two 
 sides removed to show the scene within, and 
 has on the right a large circular turret into 
 which a lord with a collar is entering. 
 The principal scene depicts the King of Eng- 
 land in his royal crown and parliament robes, 
 with a long sceptre in his right hand, sitting 
 on a dais beneath a square fringed tester and 
 receiving the French King's letter from Earl 
 Richard. The Earl is kneeling on one knee, 
 bareheaded, but still armed and wearing his 
 tabard. Behind him stand several courtiers, 
 and the King is attended by two lords, one of 
 whom is the swordbearer. [h] 
 
 84
 
 XLIII l_2 2'\ Here shewes howe Kyng henry the V'^ was solempnely 
 maried to Dame Kateryn the Kynges doughter of Fraunce. 
 
 The principal personages here are of course 
 Henry and Katherine. The King is wearing 
 his royal crown and robes of estate and his 
 bride a similar crown and a furred gown and 
 mantle, with a necklace. The royal pair are 
 standing with clasped hands, and behind 
 them is a Bishop, in quire habit, cope, and 
 mitre, with his right hand raised in blessing 
 their union. The King is attended by a num- 
 ber of his lords, two of whom* wear their 
 
 peers' robes and spiked coronets, and Kath- 
 erine is similarly accompanied by her ladies, 
 two of whom have rich dresses with neck- 
 laces, and coronets; one of these is probably 
 Queen Isabel, the bride's mother. The scene 
 is shown, as in other pictures, as taking place 
 within a building with shaped ornamental cor- 
 nice flanked by two buttresses with curious- 
 ly fashioned tops, 
 
 [h] 
 
 * They may be Philip Duke of Burgundy and Thomas Dulce of Clarence. 
 
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 XLIV (22b) Howe kyng henry the vj'^ was born at Wyndsore on 
 seynt Nicholas day the yere of our lorde M'CCCCXX. 
 
 Queen Katherine Is shown lying in her bed 
 with her crown on her head, gazing at her 
 first-born, who is being held up by a lady with 
 a deep fur border to her gown. The babe is 
 wrapped in swaddling clothes and has upon 
 his head a coroneted cap of estate. A second 
 lady is standing before the first with her hands 
 outstretched as if to receive the child, and a 
 third lady stands on the other side of the bed. 
 
 All three wear veils or caps with lappets on 
 
 their heads. Behind the bedroom scene is a 
 leaded roof with a gable at one end on which is 
 the banner of St. George, and extending back- 
 wards to a round tower with steeple roof. 
 From this another building extends to the 
 right and there ends with a heavy machicola- 
 tion. Below this is a window, and a door, in 
 which one of the Queen's ladies is telling the 
 latest news to a messenger in long sleeved 
 gown- [h] 
 
 88
 
 XLV \_2 ^'] Here shewes howe accordyng to the last Wille of kyng 
 henry the V'*" Erie Richard by the auctorite of the hole par- 
 leament' was Maister to kyng Henry the yj '*"/ And so he con- 
 tynowed til the yong kyng was xyj yere of age/ And then 
 first by his greet labour he was discharged. 
 
 King Henry V died on 31st August 1422, 
 and was succeeded by his only son Henry, 
 a child of nine months. 
 
 This charmingly drawn picture is evidently 
 meant to represent Earl Richard taking up in 
 parliament the charge of the young King then 
 committed to him. On the left are the lords 
 temporal and on the right the lords spiritual. 
 
 The former are headed by two richly attir- 
 ed lords, perhaps John Duke of Bedford and 
 Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, both wear- 
 ing coronets, one of whom is supporting the 
 baby King whom Earl Richard, standing in 
 the midst, is carrying on his right arm. 
 With his left hand the Earl is grasping a doc- 
 ument under the great seal, probably the 
 
 late King's will, which the foremost of the 
 spiritual peers also holds. 
 
 The young King is vested in a long robe 
 with close sleeves, and has a coroneted cap 
 of estate on his head and the orb, or sceptre 
 with the cross, in his left hand. Earl Richard 
 wears a long gown with full sleeves, a rich col- 
 lar about his neck, and a chaplet round his 
 'aii3 headj has hanging at his side a short sword. 
 The three bishops shown wear rich mitres and 
 long gowns with hooded tippets. One of the 
 figures behind them has a doctor's cap. 
 
 The dais on which the scene is being en- 
 acted has about it an ornamental canopy or 
 projecting cornice, of like plan to the edge 
 of the step. [h] 
 
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 XLVl [2 3b] Here shewes howe Kyng henry the vj'*' beyng inhisten- 
 dre age was crowned Kyng of Englond at Westm' w' 
 greet solempnvte. 
 
 Henry VI was crowned King of England 
 on Sunday, 6th November 1429, in the 8th 
 year ot his reign. 
 
 The picture represents him seated, not in 
 the coronation chair, but beneath a fringed 
 tester with a dorser ot the royal arms, on a 
 plain seat set upon a step. Under the King's 
 feet is a tasseled cushion, and he is shown 
 vested in his parliament robes instead of the 
 proper coronation vestments. On his head is 
 the royal crown ot England, in his right hand 
 the sceptre, and in his lett the orb, or sceptre 
 with the cross*. The scene apparently de- 
 picts the point in the Coronation Office, af- 
 ter the King has been led by the bishop and 
 nobles to the royal throne, when the peers 
 
 of the realm stand round him and stretch 
 forth their hands as a sign of tealty and off- 
 er themselves to support the King and the 
 crownf. Two bishops, who stand upon a step 
 below the throne, are doing this, and at the 
 same time holding the crown to relieve the 
 boy-King ot its weight. To the right ot the 
 King stands a group of peers, headed by the 
 Earl Marshal in his robes and coronet and 
 holding his rod, and another group, headed 
 by a bishop or mitred abbot, stands on his 
 lett. Betore the throne, on a lower level, 
 stand two other bishops with one hand ex- 
 tended and a crosier in the other. 
 
 The ceremony is shown as taking place be- 
 neath an elaborately ornamented canopy. 
 
 [h] 
 
 * This is the reverse of the proper way of carrying the two sceptres. 
 
 t The rubric in Liber Regiilis directing these proceedings runs: "Rege itaque in solio sue taliter collocato pares regni 
 dictum regem undique circumstantes manibus palam extensis in signum tidelitatis efferent se ad dicti regis et dicte 
 corone sustentacionem. Et illi precipue cjui stirpe regali sunt propinquiores in sustentacionem corone sceptre et 
 virge regios labores alleviabunt." 
 
 92
 
 XLVII [24] Here shewes howe kyng henry was after crowned Kyng 
 ot Fraunce at Seynt Denys besides parys./ Of the which 
 coronacion in Fraunce and also the said Erie to have the 
 rule of his noble persone. unto he were of the age of xvj 
 yeres' it was the will & ordenaunce of almyghty god/ as 
 o' blessed lady shewed by revelacion unto Dam Emme 
 Rawhton Recluse at all halowes in Northgate strete of 
 York and she said that thorowe the Reame of Eno;lond. 
 was no persone lorde ne other like to hym in habilite of 
 grace and true feithfulnesse. to vertuously norisshe & 
 governe his noble persone accordyng to his Roialastate./ 
 Also she put greet commendacion by the ordenaunce of 
 god of his greet benefytes in tyme to come of devowt 
 commers to the place of Gye clif otherwise called Gib- 
 clyfT/ which in processe of tyme shal growe to a place of 
 greet worship, oon of the moost named in Englond. 
 
 Henry VI of England was crowned King King's head, the clerical and lay peers come 
 
 of France 7th December 143 1. forward to touch it, to testify their readiness 
 
 This picture shows him seated, with the to support the King's rights*. Thus two bish- 
 crown of France on his head, and the two ops in copes are shown in the act, and be- 
 sceptres in his hands, but in parliament hind them on either side stand a number of 
 robes only. The sceptres are conventional other spiritual and lay peers ready to follow. 
 in type and the draughtsman seems to have The lay peers all wear their robes, and chap- 
 been ignorant of the famous "hand of jus- lets or coronets, and two who are standing 
 tice" wherewith the Kings of France were in- before the throne have spiked coronets and 
 vested, and of what robes were put upon a carry rods. 
 
 king before his crowning. The scene here ap- The place in which the ceremony is pro- 
 parently represents the moment when, after ceeding has an elaborate canopy or project- 
 the archbishop, who stands with cross in hand ing cornice along the walls, with a richer see- 
 behind the King, has placed the crown on the tion above the King. [h] 
 
 * The rubric in the French Coronation Othce runs: " Post istani onitionem convocantur pares nomine suoa cancellario 
 suo si presens est. Sin autem ab archiepiscopo primo laici. postea clerici. quibus vocatis et circumstantibus archie- 
 piscopus'accipit ab altari coronam regiain. et solus imponit earn capiti regis. Qua posita omnes pares tam clerici quam 
 laici manum apponunt coronam et eam undique sustentant et soli pares." Cott. MS. Tiberius B. viii. f. 59. A picture 
 of the proceeding, not unlike that here given, is painted on f. 59b. See The Coroiintioii Book of Cliarlcs V. of France, 
 edited for the Henry Bradshaw Society by E.S.Dewick, M.A. F.S.A. (London 1S99I. 
 
 93
 
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 XLVIII Here shewes howe Philip Due of Burgoyn beseged Caleys/ 
 [24b] And humfrey Due ofGloueester Riehard Erie of Warrewik 
 and humfrey Erie of Stafford, w' a greet multitude, went 
 over the see/ and folowed the Due of Burgoyn he ever fle- 
 yng before them/ And there they sore noied the Contrey. 
 w' fire and swerde. 
 
 This plate shows the defeat of Philip Duke 
 of Burgundy when in 1436 he attempted to 
 besege Calais, and it was on this occasion that 
 the garrison to show their contempt tor the 
 enemy left the gates open. 
 
 As a matter of fact Humfrey Duke of 
 Gloucester did not arrive at Calais until the 
 27th of July and the Duke of Burgundy had 
 fled the night before, leaving his camp with 
 much booty tor the victorious English. The 
 Duke ofGloueester with his army at once en- 
 tered Flanders, and after six weeks of burn- 
 ing and destroying "on every part" return- 
 ed to Calais whence he soon embarked tor 
 England. 
 
 The view of the land or south side of Cal- 
 ais is interesting as being a very early if not 
 the earliest view we have of the town. The 
 great church of St. Mary (still in existence) 
 is seen with its massive square central tow- 
 er, but the other buildings cannot be ident- 
 ified. In spite of the flourishing of swords, 
 etc. shown in the picture, we are told that 
 the army lost no men, though "the little plen- 
 
 ty of good bread" caused much faintness and 
 divers diseases in the army. 
 
 The three figures on the left show nothing 
 in their armour or trappers to indicate the 
 names of the persons represented, yet the 
 banners borne behind them are respectively 
 the royal banner with a border, which is that 
 of Humfrey Duke ofGloueester, the banner 
 of the Earl of Warwick, and that of Hum- 
 frey Earl of Staflx)rd. The rider on the right 
 has nothing to show who he was. The stand- 
 ing tents are those of the Flemish camp and 
 the foot soldiers in salades andjacks are meant 
 for Englishmen. The cannon seen pointing 
 toward the town was no doubt the "Dygeon" 
 mentioned by the chronicler Hall. The rid- 
 ers wear varieties of the salade and the chap- 
 el de fer, some with jewelled bushes of fea- 
 thers, others without. Three of the horses 
 have the head plumes or topnets. The di- 
 rection in which the riciers are going shows 
 that it is the south or land side of Calais, al- 
 though the town ditch is made more exten- 
 sive than it really was. [d] 
 
 96
 
 XLIX [25] Here shewes howe Kyng henry vj*'' made Erie Richard 
 his lieutenaunt of Fraunce and Normandy. 
 
 The Earl in this picture, receiving the ap- 
 pointment as Lieutenant of France and Nor- 
 mandy by letters patent at the King's own 
 hand is in complete armour with sleeves of 
 chain mail and the armouried surcoatofthe 
 time. 
 
 The two figures on the left are very inter- 
 esting and well drawn. The bill man in jack 
 and shirt of mail has also a cape ot chain 
 mail and with his sword, dagger, and bill, 
 and the ornamented chapel de fer, is a good 
 
 specimen oi the hdly armed guard. The 
 knight to whom he is talking is equipped 
 very much as the Warwick effigy but his 
 breast plate is in one piece and he has only 
 one pauldron, that on the left shoulder, for- 
 tified with standing neck guard and two 
 ridges. The chapel de fer with jewelled feath- 
 er crest comes down well over the forehead. 
 The various stafF weapons borne by the sol- 
 diers behind show thevariety natural in home 
 made weapons. [d] 
 
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 L[2 5b] Here shewes howe Erie Richard when hew' his Navy toke the 
 salt water, in short space rose a grevous tempest and drofe the 
 shippes into diverse coostes. in so moch that they al fered to 
 be perisshed/ And the noble Erie for castyng lete bynde hym 
 self and his lady and henry his son & heir after Ducof Warre- 
 wik. to the mast of the vessel, to thentent that where ever 
 they were founde. they myght have been buried to gedres wor- 
 shipfully by the knowlege of his cote armo' & other signes 
 uppon hym^ but yet god preserved hem al & so reto'ned to 
 Englond and after to Normandy. 
 
 This rubric so graphically describes the pic- cannon in the waist pointing over the bul- 
 
 ture that little further description is neces- warks, and not in ports. The terror of the 
 
 sary. The two ships are being driven before shipmen and the raging of the waves, as well 
 
 the wind with only their mainsails partly set as the threatening jagged rocks, are well 
 
 and are both alike. The nearervessel has three shown. [h] 
 
 r 
 
 lOO
 
 LI [26] Here shewes howe he este from Englond come quietly into 
 Normandy/ And there as alordeRoialthekyngesHeutenaunt 
 & governo"' which formes Regent inthefrenchetong' sonab- 
 ly and discretely behadde hym self' that bothe Englissh and 
 Frensh were gladde of hym./ playnly perceivyngby hisgwid- 
 yng'. that god was w' hym. 
 
 Earl Richard is here shown wearing his 
 robes and cap of estate and sitting, with a rod 
 of office in his hand, under a fringed tester 
 with a blazing star beneath and adorser of his 
 arms. Around him stand the members of his 
 court, one of whom bears aloft the sword of 
 state. All the courtiers are bareheaded and 
 
 dressed alike, in long girded gowns with 
 pouches, and have long daggers hanging at 
 their girdles and rich gold collars about their 
 necks. One carries a round hat with a plume. 
 A curious architectural canopy surmounts 
 the picture. [h]
 
 
 
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 Lll [26b] Here shewes howe by by* the sondet of god he fil seke in 
 the noble Cite of Roon and as a Cristyn Knyght depart- 
 ed from this worlde/ all the sacrementes of the Church 
 devoutly of hym before Resceived/ the last day of May the 
 yere of our lorde M'CCCCxxxix. the yere of hisage.lviij'^. 
 
 ThedyingEarl,emaciatedand worn of body 
 after his strenuous life on earth, is shown ly- 
 ing naked, as was the custom, in his sick bed 
 while a mitred prelate, in surplice and grey 
 amess, anoints him on the breast with the 
 oleum iiifiniioniiii and holds before his eyes 
 the head of a processional cross. By the side 
 of the prelate stands a surpliced clerk holding 
 an open crismatory with a gabled and crested 
 lid, with the three oil vessels inside. Five 
 
 other persons in the room are shown in at- 
 titudes otgriet. By the bedside stands a close 
 stool. 
 
 The room is a small square one, with two 
 sides removed to show the death scene, and 
 has at one corner a tall square turret with a 
 machicolated parapet and a machicolated gal- 
 lery over the doorway, which is defended by 
 a portcullis. 
 
 [H] 
 
 • Sic. 
 
 t Sic lor "honde" 
 
 104
 
 LIII [27] Here shewes howe the same yere of his decesse the iiii'May 
 of October next folowyng, his Cors was hono'"ably conveied 
 aswell by water as by londe from Roon unto Warrewik & 
 there worshiply buried in the College of o' lady Churche 
 founded by his noble Auncestres/ the bisshop of lichfeld 
 beyng executor officij/ and many lordes ladyes and other 
 worshipful people there beyng present. 
 
 The coffin containing the remains ot the 
 dead Earl, covered with a cross throughout, 
 is here being placed by two of his retainers in 
 the "feir chest of Stone" mentioned in his 
 epitaph at Warwick. The chest isornamented 
 all round with sunk quatrefoils and has in the 
 middle of the side the Earl's arms encircled 
 by the Garter. Behind the tomb stands the 
 Bishop of Lichfield in albe, crossed stole, cope 
 and mitre casting holy water upon the coffin 
 with the sprinkler he has in his right hand, 
 while his left rests upon the large office-book 
 which a clerk in surplice and grey amess is 
 holding up tor him. On the bishop's right 
 
 stands another clerk in surplice and grey 
 amess holding his crosier, and behind him are 
 two more ot the dead Earl's household. The 
 back of the scene is filled with a crowd of men 
 in mourning cloaks and drawn hoods holding; 
 torches, one of whom also grasps a pair ot 
 beads, and behind are three weeping ladies. 
 
 The fact ot the burial taking place within a 
 building is shown in the usual conventional 
 manner, and in the upper left hand corner of 
 the picture are dimly seen the ships and build- 
 ings typical ot the land and sea over which 
 the dead Earl's body was brought to its last 
 home at Warwick. [h] 
 
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 LIV [27b] Here shewes howe that Erie Richard hadde ij ladies the 
 first hight Dame Elizabeth lady lyle by heneretaunce of 
 her modre. and she was doughter to the lorde Barkeley./ 
 by whom he hadde issu as appereth undre/ And by his se- 
 cund lady Dame Isabell late Countesse of Worcestre and 
 heire to the lorde Spenser he hadde a son called henry 
 heire to them bothe first Erie of Warrewik/ then by kyng 
 henry the vj'*' made chief Erie of Englond and after Duke 
 of Warrewyk Also Erie Richard hadde by his ij'''' lady 
 Dame Anne Countesse of Warrewik. 
 
 The genealogy set forth in the rubric is 
 graphically illustrated below by a series of 
 portrait busts of the persons, surmounting 
 roundels with shields of their arms, and ac- 
 companied by their names and titles. They 
 are also so drawn as to represent a genealog- 
 ical tree. 
 
 At the top is Richard Beauchamp in his 
 Earl's robes with a chaplet about his head and 
 his right hand laid upon his breast. In the 
 roundel below him is a quartered shield of 
 the arms of Beauchamp and Newburgh, and 
 about his head a scroll lettereci: 
 
 Sir Richard Beauchamp Erie of Warwik. 
 
 On either side of the Earl are "ij ladies". 
 Both are habited in gown and mantle and have 
 unbound hair encircled by a chaplet. The 
 lady on the Earl's right has a scroll issuing 
 from her mouth lettered: 
 
 Elizabeth lady lile by thenheritance oi her 
 
 modre. first wif to Erie Ric'. 
 Below her in the roundel are her paternal arms 
 of Berkeley (,i,^///« (/ cJicvroii and ten cross- 
 es paty silver). 
 
 The lady on the Earl's left has about her a 
 scroll inscribed: 
 
 Dame Isabel doughter & heire to the lorde 
 
 Spens' ij*^^ wif 
 and has under her on the roundel a shield of 
 the arms of Despencer. 
 
 The Earl's roundel is slightly superposed 
 upon those of his wives and has issuing from 
 each junction the root and leaved branches 
 of a rose tree. That from Dame Elizabeth 
 has three branches, each of which passes be- 
 hind the bust of a daughter. The girls are 
 dressed like their mother but the shields up- 
 on the rounciels bear only the faintest sug- 
 gestion ot their arms. Beneath them are writ- 
 ten their names: 
 Margaret Countes of Shrewisbury 
 Dame Alanor first lady Roos & after Duch- 
 esse of Somerset 
 Elizabeth lady Latymer 
 The tree descending from the Earl and Dame 
 Isabel has two branches. The first passes be- 
 hind the bust of a youth in a hooded ermine 
 mantle ot a duke, with a spiked coronet on 
 his head and a rod in his hand, under whom 
 is written: 
 Henry Due of Warrewik son & heir to the 
 said Richard & Dame Isabell 
 The shield below him is blank. 
 
 The second branch passes behind a lady, 
 habited exactly like the others, having be- 
 neath the roundel, which bears a blank shield : 
 Dame Anne Countess of Warrewik. wif to 
 Ric' Nevile. son & heir to Ric' Erie of Sal- 
 isbury 
 
 [H] 
 
 108
 
 LV [28] Here shewes howe the said dame Anne Countesse of War- 
 rewyk doughter to the forseid Erie Richard, hole suster & 
 heire to henry Due of Warrewik' was maryed to Sir Rich- 
 ard Nevill. son & heire to Richard Nevell and 
 his wif doughter & heir to Sir Mountagu Erie of 
 
 Salisbury And the said Anne hadde by her forsaid husbond 
 ij doughters/ the first was called Anne quene of Englond 
 first wedded to prince Edward son to Kyng henry and sec- 
 undly she was wedded to Richard Due of Glouc' after Kyng 
 of Englond/ And her second doughter, named Isabell, was 
 wedded to George Due of Clarance as by this portreiture is 
 more pleynly shewed. 
 
 This picture continues the genealogy. In 
 the middle of the rubric are drawn, facing 
 one another, the busts of a young man in 
 peer's robes with a torse about his head, and 
 of a young lady in gown and mantle with 
 loosened hair bound by a fillet. The round- 
 el below the youth is inscribed: 
 Richard Nevill. son to Richard Erie of Sal- 
 isbury wedded Anne Countesse of Warwik. 
 The roundel below the maiden is inscribed: 
 Anne Countesse of Warrewik suster & 
 heir to Henr' Due of Warrewyk. 
 Below the roundels is an impaled but other- 
 wise blank shield with a root at the point from 
 which issue two rose branches. The one is 
 turned towards the bust of a young queen 
 with crown and sceptre, placed between two 
 other busts of a youth in peer's robe and cap 
 of estate holding a rod and of a King with 
 crown and sceptre. The roundels beneath are 
 severally inscribed with their names: 
 Anne doughter to the forsaid Richard & 
 Anne first wif to prince E. & after to 
 Kyng Richard 
 Prince Edward son to Kyng henr' the vj 
 first husbond of Anne 
 
 Kyng Richard the iij* second husbond to 
 
 this Anne 
 Below are two blank shields. From the 
 point of the second a short rose stem des- 
 cends to the bust of a youth in mantle and 
 coronet with a roundel below him inscribed: 
 
 Edward Plantagenet son to Kyng Richard. 
 The other stem from Richard Nevill and 
 A nne passes over to the bust of a lady wearing 
 a spiked coronet, beside whom is another 
 bust ot a young man in peer's mantle and spik- 
 ed coronet. She is identified by the writing 
 on the roundel as: 
 
 Isabel duches of Clarance secunde doughter 
 
 to the said Ric' & Anne 
 and he as: 
 
 George Due of Clar[ence] 
 From the point of the blank shield below is- 
 sue two branches. One to a youth in peer's 
 mantle and chaplet, subscribed: 
 Edward Plantagenet son to George Due 
 
 of Clarance 
 The other to a maiden with a chaplet about 
 her loosened hair, identified as: 
 
 Margaret suster to the said Edward. 
 Here the pictures end. [h] 
 
 109
 
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 THE LIBRARY 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 Santa Barbara 
 
 THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE 
 STAMPED BELOW. 
 
 Series 9482
 
 D 000 302 667 1
 
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