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 DOCUMENTS 
 
 ILLUSTRATING 
 
 Early Education in 
 Worcester. 
 
 685 TO 1700. 
 
 EDITED FOR 
 
 THE WORCESTERSHIRE HISTORICAL SOCIETY 
 
 BY 
 
 ARTHUR F. LEACH. 
 
 Wntt\) for tfjc moxustetsijin Wlistoviml Societg, 
 
 Br MITCHELL HUGHES AND CLARKE, LONDON, W.
 
 
 INTRODUCTION, 
 
 rkr^fjQ ?Cl
 
 EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The object of this volume is to present in a collected form all 
 the records which can be found bearing on the history of 
 education in Worcester to the year 1700. As it is usual — 
 at least up to the year 1896 — to impute not only the beginnings, 
 but practically the whole of education before the Reformation to 
 the monasteries and the monks, special pains have been taken to 
 ransack the monastic archives of Worcester for any and every 
 educational entry. Thanks to the labours of Canon James 
 Maurice Wilson — himself first at Rugby and then as Headmaster 
 of Clifton, a life-long devotee of education, and after he had 
 long been dowered with the baton of retirement, acting 
 Headmaster of the King's School for a term in 1908 — in 
 collecting and procuring the collection, sorting and arrangement 
 of the muniments of the Dean and Chapter, the task of 
 extracting the educational entries from them has been immensely 
 lightened. But for his work it could hardly have been 
 attempted at all. As far as the monks are concerned, the 
 harvest is small in proportion to the labour spent on it. It 
 consists chiefly of items, repeated year after year from the end 
 of the thirteenth to the middle of the sixteenth century, in the 
 account rolls of the Cellarer representing his payments for the 
 two monks maintained as scholars at Oxford, and more varied, 
 but less regular, entries from the account rolls of the Almoner 
 and the Warden of the Lady Chapel from the middle of the 
 fifteenth to the middle of the sixteenth century of expenditure on 
 the maintenance and education of the small number of boys, 
 never exceeding fourteen, who were kept in the Almonry and 
 sang in the Lady Chapel. To those who have read what has 
 
 b
 
 ii EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 been written of the educational work of the monasteries in the 
 History of Winchester College, the first work in which the vague 
 talk about monastic schools was subjected to scientific scrutiny 
 and tested by records, and in the articles on schools in the 
 Victoria County Histories of Berkshire, Hertfordshire and Suffolk 
 in connection with the great abbeys of Reading, Abingdon, 
 St. Alban's and Bury St. Edmund's, and in the Histories of Durham 
 and Hants in connection with the great cathedral priories of 
 Durham and Winchester, this lack of material at Worcester will 
 not appear surprising. To such readers the chief novelty in this 
 volume will be the collection of the ipsissima verba of the records 
 into a small compass, so that the nakedness of the land in regard 
 to monastic education becomes startlingly apparent. 
 
 They ought to dissipate effectively as regards Worcester — 
 and if of Worcester a fortiori of other places' — the notion that 
 the monasteries were schools, and that the monks, especially the 
 Benedictines, were the chief, if not the sole educators of the Middle 
 Ages ; — a vain superstition, repeated by one writer after another 
 without examination into the facts. They demonstrate that the 
 monastic public school taught by monks is a mere chimera, no 
 real specimen of which has yet been produced. Nor can one be 
 produced. The Benedictine monks did not, and being forbidden 
 alike by their rule and by canon law to admit outsiders into their 
 precinct, could not, keep a public school. 
 
 Whatever the Celtic monasteries and monasteries on the Celtic 
 model may have done in semi-mythical times, of which we have 
 no trace at Worcester, and whatever efforts may have been made 
 in the era of Charlemagne to convert the monasteries into schools 
 and colleges, certain it is that in the times of records there is no 
 trace of the Benedictine monks keeping schools, except for their 
 own younger brethren — the Novices' School — and from the latter 
 half of the fourteenth century for a few choristers and charity boys, 
 the Almonry School. But the Novices' School can hardly be 
 properly called a school when the Novices who frequented it, as 
 has been shewn from the Obedientiary Rolls of Winchester, never 
 numbered more than ten, and were commonly much fewer than 
 ten, sometimes none, and when the main purpose of that school
 
 INTRODUCTION. Ill 
 
 was not general education, but the teaching of the Rule and getting 
 it and the peculiar monkish services by heart. 
 
 From the time of the introduction of Christianity into England 
 by Augustine, education was a matter not for the regulars — the 
 monks — but for the ordinary clergy, the secular clerks. It was 
 the business not of abbots or priors, but of bishops, to provide 
 schools and superintend education. The oldest school in England 
 is found at Canterbury, recorded by Bede as Rirnishing in the 
 year 631 masters and ushers to the new school which King 
 Sigebert of the East Angles set up in imitation of what the king 
 had seen well done while in exile in Gaul, under Felix the 
 Burgundian, a newly-made bishop of the East Angles, whom 
 he also obtained at Canterbury. Archbishop Theodore made 
 this school of Canterbury famous by the introduction of Greek, 
 c. 667. One of his pupils, Oftfor, became the first active Bishop 
 of Worcester about the year 691, and it is to him or his 
 predecessor as bishop, Bosel, that we must assign the credit of 
 establishing education and founding a school at Worcester. 
 Oftfor was himself a Northern Englishman, one of the Northum- 
 brian Angles. Bede records that after he had worked hard in 
 both monasteries of the Abbess Hilda (i.e., at Hartlepool and 
 Streaneshalch, the latter rightly or wrongly afterwards identified 
 with Whitby) in reading and practising the Scriptures, desiring 
 higher work he went to Canterbury to Archbishop Theodore of 
 blessed memory, and having spent some time on sacred reading 
 there, took the pains even to go to Rome, which at that time was 
 thought to require great courage. Returning thence, he went to 
 the province of the Hwicci over which King Osric then presided, 
 and stayed there a long time preaching the word of faith and 
 setting an example of how to live. IVIeanwhile, as the prelate 
 of that province, Bosel, was so infirm as to be unable to perform 
 the duties of a bishop, Oftfor was in 691 unanimously elected 
 bishop in his place. Tatfrid, who had been at the same monastery 
 as Oftfor, and had been elected bishop a little while before Bosel, 
 died before he was consecrated. From the words " a little while 
 before," Mr. Plummer, in his edition of Bede, argues that the 
 frustrated election of Tatfrid and the erection of the see of
 
 IV EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 Worcester in the person of Bosel could not have been earlier than 
 685. As the erection of a bishop's see carried with it the erection 
 of a school, we may therefore date the school from 685, or, if 
 Bosel was already too infirm to start a school, at least to the 
 accession of the travelled and learned pupil of Theodore in 691. 
 The Cathedral Chapter at Worcester was originally one of secular 
 clergy, as it was everywhere in England as elsewhere, till the 
 monastic movement connected with the names of Dunstan and 
 Oswald at Worcester. The notion put forward by the late Bishop 
 Stubbs in his early days, that there was a double establishment of 
 clerks and monks, has no evidence to support it. It was founded 
 on a general theory wrongly evolved from a misunderstanding of 
 Bede's account of Canterbury, where in point of fact the secular 
 clerks alone were established round the archbishop as his chapter at 
 Christchurch Cathedral ; the monks being planted apart in the 
 abbey of St. Peter's, afterwards known as St. Augustine's, which 
 was outside the city walls, secluded as a monastery was meant to be, 
 from ordinary life, and was a retreat to which the archbishop only 
 retired for periods of penance during life, or for burial at death. 
 
 Immediately after Augustine's return to England from Gaul 
 after his consecration as bishop of Canterbury, he sent a series of 
 questions to Pope Gregory the Great, who had sent him on his 
 mission, asking for advice. The questions and answers are set 
 out at length by Bede (Eccl. Hist., i., 27). The very first 
 " Question of Blessed Augustine, bishop of the church of Canter- 
 bury " — or the Kentish folk [CanUianorum) — is " As to bishops, 
 how they are to live with their clerks, and as to the oblations 
 made by the faithful to the altar, what ought to be the division, 
 and how ought the bishop to act in the church." Gregory, 
 " Pope of the city of Rome," answered — in 601 — that " holy writ, 
 and especially St. Paul's Epistle to Timothy, testified, as Augustine 
 no doubt knew well, how he ought to live in the house of God. 
 But it is the custom of the apostolic see to deliver instructions to 
 bishops when ordained, that all payments received ought to be 
 divided into four parts — namely, one for the bishop and his house- 
 hold {famU'ue) for hospitality and support, another for the clergy, 
 the third for the poor, and the fourth for the repair of the
 
 INTRODUCTION. V 
 
 churches." "But as your brotherhood has been educated in the 
 monastic rule, you ought not to be separated from your clerks in 
 the English church, which has been lately brought to the faith by 
 God himself, but to institute the mode of life which was followed 
 by our fathers in the infant church ; in which none of them called 
 anything which they possessed his own, but they were common to 
 all. If however there are any clerks, not in holy orders, who are 
 unable to be continent, they ought to take wives and receive their 
 pay outside ; as even of the same fathers we know that it was 
 written that it was ' given to each of them as each had need.' 
 Thought must be taken and provision made for their pay, and 
 they are to be kept under ecclesiastical rule, that they may live 
 morally, wake up to sing the psalms, and by God's help keep 
 their hearts, tongues and bodies from all unlawful things. But 
 as for those who live a common life together what would be the 
 use of our talking about making a division or maintaining hospi- 
 tality or doing charity .'' Since all that is over is to be devoted to 
 pious uses, as the Lord the Master of all teaches ' What is over 
 give in alms, and behold all things are clean unto you.' " 
 
 It will be observed that nothing is said in all this as to 
 monks. Clerks only are contemplated. The monks were sup- 
 posed to be immured in their cloister, and living according to the 
 then recent Benedictine rule, which excluded them from all contact 
 with the world, from serving churches or care for the people, 
 whereas a bishop's clerks, with whom and through whom he con- 
 ducted the business of his see, necessarily moved about in the world 
 as the bishop himself did. Some of them were even married, as 
 remained the not uncommon custom among the English, and 
 among the Norman clergy as well as the ItaHan, until the middle 
 of the twelfth century. Pope Gregory himself was the great 
 grandson of a married Pope. 
 
 Augustine's difficulty was, how was he who, as a monk, had 
 taken the vow of poverty as well as of chastity, to live with his 
 secular clerks } 
 
 It is impossible to suppose that Gregory could have contem- 
 plated his remaining a monk after becoming archbishop any 
 more than he himself remained a monk, if he ever was one, after
 
 VI EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 becoming Pope. The better opinion is that Gregory never was a 
 monk, though he founded several monasteries and lived, as far as 
 he could, an ascetic life like a monk, and associated with monks 
 much in the same way as Dean Colet did, retiring to a monastery 
 for repose and by way of retreat. As, first, Prefect of Rome, next 
 Cardinal Deacon, and then apocrisarius, or nuncio, of the Pope at 
 Constantinople, all secular offices incompatible with monkhood, it 
 is quite impossible that he should have really taken monastic vows. 
 To have done so would have been to fly in the face of his own 
 opinions and legislation. That he was a favourer of monks and 
 did more than anyone, not excluding St. Benedict himself, to 
 rivet the monastic system on the west of Europe, is unquestionable. 
 Before his time the monasteries, which it should never be for- 
 gotten were essentially and professedly communities of laymen, 
 who for their sins had cut themselves off from the world to do 
 perpetual penance, had invariably imported or employed ordinary 
 priests or chaplains to perform masses for them. The monks 
 themselves might sing the psalms and read or sing the lessons, but 
 they could not grant absolution or perform the sacrifice of the 
 mass. Thus Gregory himself told the bishop of Naples on the 
 dedication of a monastery to let mass be celebrated in the 
 monastery oratory by a priest attached to the bishop's church — 
 the cathedral. But on the petition of the abbot of St. Hermas at 
 Palermo the bishop there was told to make a monk of the monastery 
 a priest without delay so that the abbot might not have to leave his 
 monastery to hear mass or introduce a stranger to do it. Con- 
 trary to all precedent, Gregory allowed monks to be ordained and 
 given outside cures, and made two monks besides Augustine 
 bishops. But even so he laid down over and over again that if 
 a monk was ordained and took an ecclesiastical cure he ceased to 
 be a monk, and was to have no part or lot in his monastery ; 
 while, on the other hand, if a priest wanted to become a monk he 
 must give up his clerical office. But while he allowed monks to be 
 promoted to the priesthood for internal services, he demanded 
 that if they took ecclesiastical benefices outside they should leave 
 the monastery never to return. When Urbicus, abbot of 
 St. Hermas, general visitor of the monasteries of Sicily, was
 
 INTRODUCTION. VU 
 
 elected archbishop of Palermo, Gregory quashed the election. 
 The monastic and the parochial life were regarded as mutually 
 exclusive, and though a man might pass from one to the other, 
 he could not follow both at the same time. It is a priori 
 impossible therefore that Gregory could have meant Augustine 
 to continue to be a monk after he had become archbishop. If 
 the words are carefully read it will be seen that the co-habi- 
 tation of clerks and monks was not suggested. It was not even 
 considered or regarded as a possibility. What he said and what he 
 meant was, Live as like a monk as, while living in the world, you can. 
 Instead therefore of dividing up your endowments among your 
 chapter, your clerical assistants and advisers (your canons, as he 
 would have said 500 years later), adopt the compromise of living 
 like the early Christians, who put ail their property into a common 
 fund and had a system of communism. The compromise was in 
 fact that of living college-wise instead of monastery-wise. Common 
 revenues, perhaps a common table, but not a common dormitory, 
 still less common wives ; vows of obedience, but not vows of 
 chastity, still less of poverty. 
 
 A joint establishment of monks and clerks in the cathedral 
 church of Canterbury by Augustine is therefore a pure figment of 
 the imagination. It is emphatically negatived by the action of 
 St. Augustine himself in founding the monastery of St. Peter and 
 St. Paul, afterwards called after the founder St. Augustine's, out- 
 side the walls of the city. If he already lived among monks and 
 had them in his immediate church, what need could there possibly 
 be for another house and separate establishment for them close 
 by .? It is evident that he founded St. Augustine's just as Pope 
 Gregory himself had founded St. Andrews' monastery from which 
 he came, as a place of meditation to which they could retire much 
 as fashionable high church ladies now go into " retreats." Both 
 were vicarious ascetics, doing through others what the cares of 
 office prevented their doing themselves. 
 
 We may infer with certainty that there were only seculars in 
 the cathedral establishment at Canterbury from the desperate 
 efforts of the post-Conquest monastic chroniclers, especially those 
 in the Canterbury edition of the Saxon Chronicle, to account for
 
 Viii EABLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 the known fact that the seculars remained till a very late date, if 
 not till after the Conquest. 
 
 In the twelfth century Canterbury version of the Anglo Saxon 
 Chronicle (Cott. Domitian A. vii), commonly called F. by the 
 commentators, there is a series of interpolations in the margin by 
 one who was almost certainly a Canterbury monk, which are 
 specially directed to the assertion of the original monastic 
 character of Canterbury Cathedral, though their very character 
 goes far to prove the exact opposite of what the writer intended, 
 and to demonstrate that the original inmates were secular clerks, 
 later called canons, who were extruded for monks. 
 
 The first of these interpolations occurs under the year 870. 
 The original chronicle for the year ends : " This year died arch- 
 bishop Ceolnoth." Our interpolator added in the A. (Corpus 
 Cambridge) edition " and Ethered bishop of Wiltshire was chosen 
 archbishop of Canterbury." An interpolator in the F. Chronicle 
 adds a long story : " Then went King Ethered and Alfred his 
 brother and took Ethered bishop of Wiltshire and settled him as 
 archbishop of Canterbury because he was formerly a monk of the 
 same minster of Canterbury. As soon as he came to Canterbury 
 and he was firmly settled in his arch-stool, he thought how he 
 might drive out the clerks that were there, whom Archbishop 
 Ceolnoth had before placed there for such need as we will tell. 
 The first year that he was made archbishop there was so great 
 a mortality, that of all the monks that he had found there only 
 five monks were left. Then for the [the MS. is imperfect here] he 
 took some of his hand priests and some of his town priests that 
 they might help the few monks that then remained to do Christ's 
 service, as he could not so readily find monks to do the service 
 by themselves ; and for this he commanded that the priests the 
 while, until God gave peace on this land, should help the monks. 
 At that time was this land greatly harassed by frequent fights and 
 so the archbishop could not attend to this object ; for all this time 
 was strife and sorrow over England, and so the clerks remained 
 with the monks. Nor was there ever a time that there were not 
 monks there and ever had they lordship over the priests. Often 
 the archbishop thought and also said to those that were with him.
 
 INTRODUCTION. IX 
 
 * All SO soon as God gives peace on this land, either these priests 
 shall be monks, or I will make so many monks be in the minster 
 as may do the service by themselves. For God knows that ' — 
 Here the Saxon MS. breaks off". But a Latin version — it is 
 doubtful whether the Latin or the Saxon is the original, and 
 whether the writer of the two is the same — of the same annal 
 adds : " For God knows, he said, I cannot do otherwise. But never 
 in his time was there peace in England, and therefore the clerks 
 remained with the monks. Nor could that archbishop Ethelred 
 do " [quaere " it "]. The commentators comment on the 
 suspicious character of this interpolation. No plague or other 
 "mortality" is recorded elsewhere in the year 870. No bishop 
 of Wiltshire is elsewhere mentioned before the year 900. 
 Moreover, as Mr. Plummer asks, what had Alfred, then merely 
 the king's younger brother, to do with appointing an archbishop 
 of Canterbury .'' 
 
 The whole passage appears, like most of the other interpolations 
 of the same Canterbury scribe, to be a mere ijivention concocted 
 to give a show of legality to the expulsion of the clerks from the 
 cathedral and the introduction of monks at some time unknown. 
 The interpolator attributes it to archbishop Aelfric in 995 in a 
 passage both in Saxon and in Latin, partly written on the 
 margin and partly on an inserted leaf Florence of Worcester, 
 writing at about the same time, attributes the expulsion to 
 archbishop Sigeric who succeeded Dunstan in 989 or 990, "and 
 driving the clerks from Canterbury, introduced monks (pro 
 turbatis a Cantuaria clericis monachos induxit)." 
 
 Our interpolator attributes it to Sigeric's successor Aelfric in 
 995. "Aelfric, bishop of Wiltshire, was elected on Easter day at 
 Ambresbury by King iEgelred (Ethelred), and all his witan. 
 This Aelfric was a very wise man, there was no cleverer man in 
 England " — a remark which suggests that the scribe confused 
 Aelfric the archbishop with the grammarian and writer of the 
 same name. " Then went Aelfric to his archbishop's stool, and 
 when he came hither he was received by men of the order which 
 to him was most distasteful, that is clerks. And soon he sent 
 for all the wisest men he knew anywhere, and especially old men, 
 
 c
 
 X EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 who could say most truly how everything was in this land in 
 their elders' days, in addition to what he had himself learned 
 from books and wise men. These very old men, both ecclesiastics 
 and laymen, told him that their elders had told them how the law 
 was laid down since St. Augustine came to this land. When 
 Augustine had begun his bishop's stool in this borough, that was 
 head borough of all the kingdom of King Egelbert (Ethelbert) 
 as you can read in the History of the English [i.e. Bede] .... 
 and made a see by the king's aid ... . [the MS, is illegible here] 
 on old Roman was begun so .... to sprout forth. In that 
 company the first were MeUitus, Justus, Paulinus, Rufianus.. 
 By these the blessed Pope sent the pallium, and therewith a letter 
 and directions as to how he should consecrate bishops and at 
 what places in Britain he should place them, and to King 
 Ethelred he sent letters and many worldly gifts of various things. 
 And the church he had prepared he bade him consecrate in the 
 name of our Saviour Christ and St. Mary, and for himself set a 
 place and for all his successors ; and that he should therein set 
 the men of the same order as he sent to land and as he himself 
 was ; and also, that every other bishop should be of the monastic 
 order who should sit on the archiepiscopal stool of Canterbury ; 
 and that should be ever kept by God's leave and blessing, and by 
 St. Peter's, and by all who should come after him." This, of 
 course, is a complete misrepresentation of Pope Gregory's letter, 
 who never said anything of the sort, and of the historical facts. 
 However, the Canterbury scribe goes on : " When those sent 
 came again to King Ethelbert and Augustine they were very 
 joyful through such wishes, and the archbishop consecrated the 
 minster in the name of Christ and St. Mary on the day called 
 the Two Martyrs' Mass Day, Primus and Felicianus, and placed 
 monks therein as St. Gregory bade, and they did God's service 
 cleanly, and they took from the same monks bishops for every 
 place, as you may read in the History of the English," where you 
 may read nothing of the kind. There is no suggestion in Bede 
 that archbishop Laurentius or Pauhnus were monks. On the 
 contrary, as the former is expressly described as Laurentius the 
 priest, in precedence and contra-distinction to Peter the monk
 
 INTRODUCTION. JCl 
 
 when he was sent by Augustine to the Pope to convey the 
 tidings of the conversion of the English, and the latter is 
 characterized as Paulinus the deacon, the first bishop of York, 
 it is quite clear that they were not monks. "Archbishop Aelfric," 
 continues the forger, "was very glad at such evidence from those 
 who then stood best with the King," especially as they went on to 
 assert that there were monks in Christ Church until Ceolnoth 
 came to the archbishopric, " when there was such mortality that 
 only five monks were left, and there was such sorrow in the land 
 that no one could think of anything but" — then comes a significant 
 hiatus. The chronicler's imagination was not equal to the task 
 of inventing a sufficiently specious reason why in days of trouble 
 clerks could be found for the cathedral and not monks. The 
 very attempt to do so is abandoned in the Latin text of the same 
 chronicler, which goes so far as to represent the newly converted 
 Ethelbert deliberately consulting his counsellors whether it would 
 be more convenient to place monks or clerks there, and sending 
 separate messengers from those of Augustine to consult the Pope. 
 The wise witnesses, who were evidently monks, then went on : 
 " Thanks be to God, it is in the king's power and thine whether 
 they (the clerks) may longer be there within ; because they might 
 never better be brought out from there than they may now be, if 
 it be the king's will and thine." So archbishop Aelfric went 
 off to the king, who is represented as very glad, but advised the 
 archbishop to go to Rome after his " aerce " (which is glossed in 
 a later hand pallium, for the ignorant monk, according to 
 Mr. Plummer, evidently thought that an archbishop was a 
 bishop with a pallium and therefore arch=pallium), and while 
 there consult the Pope. The clerks are then absurdly represented 
 as sending two of themselves to the Pope " with much silver " 
 to ask for the pallium, which the Pope refused as they brought 
 no letter from king or archbishop. But as soon as the clerks 
 had gone the archbishop arrived and was received with great 
 worship and asked to celebrate mass at St. Peter's altar, and the 
 Pope put on him his own pall. The archbishop then laid the 
 case before the Pope, who told him how the clerks had come and 
 gone, and said to him, " go back now to England with the
 
 xii EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 blessing of God, St. Peter, and mine own, and when thou art 
 gone home do into thy minster men of the same order as Blessed 
 Gregory bad Augustine to place there, by God's order, St. Peter's, 
 and mine." The archbishop returned, saw the king, " and then 
 returned to Canterbury and drove the clerks out of the minster, 
 and therein set monks as the Pope bad him." The remarkable 
 thing is that the same chronicle two years afterwards, under the 
 year 997, contains the simple statement, " Here Aelfric, arch- 
 bishop, went to Rome after his arce," glossed pallium. It is 
 noticeable that William of Malmesbury, the great upholder of 
 monks against clerks, denies the whole story, "for it is unlikely, as 
 it is certain (^constat eiiim), that there were monks at St. Saviour's 
 from the time " not of Augustine, but " of Archbishop Lauren- 
 tius. 
 
 Yet another story appears to be suggested by the account 
 given by Osbern and Eadmer of the taking of Canterbury by 
 the Danes in loii, when Archbishop Aeltheah, Alphage, or 
 Elfage, as he is variously called, was taken prisoner and eventu- 
 ally '■' martyred." They report a slaughtering out of the monks 
 and a continuance of clerks. The development of the story 
 shews how the monkish historians depraved history to the dis- 
 advantage of the secular. While the Anglo-Saxon chronicle 
 attributes a traitorous admission of the Danes to the town of 
 Canterbury to Aelfmer, Abbot of St. Augustine's, and as a proof 
 says that the Danes let him go when they carried off the arch- 
 bishop, Florence of Worcester calmly converts Aelfmer into an 
 archdeacon, though archdeacons were unknown in England 
 before the Conquest. Osbern and Eadmer apparently really 
 believed that the introduction of monks to Christ Church was 
 due either to Canute on the " translation " of Alphage's body 
 from London to Canterbury, or to the restoration of the church 
 by Lanfranc after its destruction by fire in 1070. For Osbern 
 says that all but four monks were killed, a tale which has a sus- 
 picious resemblance to the similar destruction of monks by an 
 imaginary plague in 870. 
 
 Eadmer, in his attack on the Glastonbury monks for 
 claiming to possess Dunstan's body, which they alleged they
 
 INTRODUCTION. Xlll 
 
 took from Christ Church, Canterbury, when it was burnt and 
 deserted after Alphage's " martyrdom," denies that the church 
 was burnt or deserted, or that any but a few monks killed. Yet 
 he admits Osbern's statement that only four monks survived, 
 but asserts that there were plenty of clerks there. On the other 
 hand, in his account of St. Dunstan's miracles, he states that 
 "from the time of the Danes who killed St. Alphage discipline 
 ceased, and the monks led a secular life beyond what they 
 ought," and were converted by a miracle which happened when 
 the bodies of Dunstan and Alphage were translated from the old 
 Saxon to the new Norman cathedral by Lanfranc. We cannot 
 help thinking that they led a secular life, because they were 
 seculars and not monks, and the conversion was one of secular 
 canons into monks, but that, as at Durham and Bedford, the 
 change was introduced gradually as the canons either became 
 monks or died off. 
 
 If the seculars remained till Lanfranc's time, this would 
 explain the otherwise inexplicable appearance of Godric the 
 Dean, as head of the house, in the story of St. Dunstan's ghost, 
 saving the school-boys from a flogging, and his being cited by 
 Osbern as a pupil of Elphage, who gave him the account of the 
 translation of Elphage at which he was present. This Dean 
 Godric is recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as having 
 fetched the pall from Rome for Archbishop Stigand in 1058. 
 
 At all events, in view of these various tales to account for 
 the monks being in the minster, the theory that they were there 
 ab initio and introduced by Augustine is destroyed. 
 
 The case of Canterbury has been discussed at length, because 
 if the unheard-of conjunction of seculars and regulars, or regulars 
 alone, in a cathedral church — which was unknown in any country 
 but England till long after the Conquest — is disproved at Canter- 
 bury, it is even less credible at Worcester, founded as it was by 
 a school-fellow of Bosa of York, of whose company of clerks 
 Bede tells a famous story, of Wilfrid, who no one has suggested 
 introduced monks at Selsey, and of Aetla of Dorchester, which 
 certainly remained secular when the West Saxon see was removed 
 to Winchester, and where regulars were only introduced after
 
 XIV EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 the removal of the Mercian see to Lincoln a generation after 
 the Conquest. 
 
 Among the secular clergy who formed the bishop's chapter at 
 Worcester after Oftfor's time there are indications of considerable 
 learning in some scanty remnants of eighth century MSS., which 
 Canon J. Maurice Wilson found in the bindings of later MSS. in 
 the Cathedral Library. They comprise a leaf of the end of St. 
 Matthew's and beginning of St. Mark's gospel in the Vulgate, a 
 leaf of Jerome written in Spain not later than the middle of the 
 eighth century, a leaf of Gregory's Pastoral Care in English 
 writing of the same period, and extracts from Paterius in Italian 
 script, but corrected in English. 
 
 The next evidence of learning and education there is connected 
 with bishop Werfrith. The (pseudo-) Asser's Life of Afred, 
 really written in the beginning of the eleventh century, but pre- 
 tending to be of the end of the ninth century, tells us that bishop 
 Werfrith of Worcester with three other Mercians, Plegmund 
 archbishop of Canterbury, and Aethelstan and Werwulf, priests 
 and chaplains — the use of which last word, unknown in Alfred's 
 time, is an anachronism which betrays the author — were Alfred's 
 teachers, and that Werfrith translated Gregory's Dialogues for 
 him. This seems to be a mistake founded on the fact that Alfred 
 sent a copy of his own translation of Gregory's Pastoral Care, 
 still preserved at Oxford, on which is written, " This book shall 
 to Worcester," with a preface addressed to bishop Waerferth 
 [sic]. 
 
 In the preface to this book, sent to lie in the Minster as a sort of 
 Public Library, Alfred sketched the recent history of education in 
 England, and put forth a programme of education for the future. 
 Alfred's laudalio temporis acti at the expense of the time of his 
 own youth — probably exaggerated — has been often quoted. It is 
 specially to be observed that Alfred does not support Asser in the 
 list he gives of his teachers, making no mention of Ethelstan and 
 Werwulf or of Waerfrith himself, but substituting Grimbald and 
 John, mass-priests, and Asser. The programme for the future 
 has a curiously modern ring about it. Alfred proposes to prevent 
 the decay of learning again by translating the books which are most
 
 INTRODUCTION. XV 
 
 useflil " into the language we all understand," as can easily be done 
 "if we have peace." " Then all the youth of our English free- 
 men, who are rich enough to be able to devote themselves to it, 
 should be set to learning .... until they know how to read 
 English well, and those who will continue in learning should go 
 on to Latin and go to a higher rank." To this end was he sending 
 a copy of this book to every diocese. We may hope that the 
 programme was carried out at Worcester. 
 
 The next name which has been connected with education at 
 Worcester is that of Oswald, one of its patron saints, who became 
 bishop about 960. It was claimed in the Plgornian, the King's 
 School magazine, by the Rev. J. K. Floyer, when minor canon at 
 Worcester, that the school " had its origin from the introduction 
 of the Benedictine Rule into the Worcester monastery by St. 
 Oswald." In the Life of St. Oswald by Eadmer (HiUorians 
 of the Church oj York, Rolls Series, ii.) Oswald is repre- 
 sented, not indeed as founding the school, but as restoring 
 learning, by causing the monks whom he introduced at Worcester, 
 instead of the secular canons, to be instructed " in grammar and 
 the liberal arts," and Eadmer adds, in connection, not with 
 Worcester, but with the abbey of Ramsey under abbot Abbo, " so 
 that the liberal arts which before through divers causes had come 
 to be neglected throughout England might flourish again." But 
 Eadmer was a romantic hagiographer writing more than a 
 century and a half after the event, and more than half a century 
 after the Norman Conquest, when Precentor of Canterbury before 
 becoming bishop of St. Andrew's in 11 20. The much better 
 authority, an almost contemporary biographer, a Saxon monk at 
 Ramsey, who wrote within twenty years of Oswald's death, repre- 
 sents him as sending for a Winchester boy named Germanus, who 
 had been with him at the abbey of Fleury learning the Benedictine 
 Rule, to teach intending monks, not grammar or the liberal arts, 
 which, being educated clerks, they already knew, but " the 
 monastic custom " {cliscipnlos entdiendos monastico more). After 
 a year's instruction, when twelve of them had been collected, not 
 counting boys under fourteen, Oswald established them, not at 
 Worcester but at Westbury in Gloucestershire, and after four years
 
 XVI EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 removed them to Ramsey in Hertfordshire. It was to Ramsey 
 that " Wynsin, a reverend priest," was sent to be instructed in 
 what the writer calls " our gymnasium," the wrestling school, the 
 training ground of Ramsey, in the Rule, and then brought to 
 Worcester and set over brethren also imported from Ramsey. 
 This contemporary biographer here states positively that King 
 Edgar turned out the canons for the monks. But there is no 
 suggestion of any gradual process or of the elimination of the 
 canons by the survival of the fittest in a competition between the 
 canons and monks for the favour of the people, as represented by 
 Eadmer, the people deserting the canons' church for the monks' 
 church because they admired the " religiosity " of the monks. 
 Whether the canons were violently turned out una impetu or 
 were gradually replaced as they died out by monks, we do not 
 know. From the accounts given by most of the monkish 
 historians it would appear that there was a violent expulsion 
 followed by a violent reaction and the final triumph of the 
 monks vi et armis. 
 
 All that we certainly know is that when some forty years later 
 the other patron saint of Worcester, St. Wulstan, became bishop, 
 the monks were in possession. He too has been claimed, if not 
 as founder at least as master of the school, and even as educated 
 in it. But Florence of Worcester, himself a monk in the 
 Cathedral Priory, writing some thirty years after Wulstan's 
 death, sends him for his education not to Worcester, but to 
 Peterborough. It is only the later and distant William of 
 Malmesbury who puts hiin to school at Worcester. Wulstan 
 became a monk only when he was grown-up and had served 
 secular cures. Then, says Florence, " Wulstan, on account of the 
 strictness of his character, was at first for some time master and 
 warden of the children and then treasurer and Precentor" before 
 becoming Prior and eventually bishop. The magister et custos 
 infantum of a monastery was only the master of the few oblates, 
 boys offered up in their infancy to become monks and brought 
 up in it. He had nothing to do with any outside scholars and 
 taught the oblates, not school learning, Latin and the classics, 
 but the rule of the order and to serve the choir as choir-monks.
 
 INTRODUCTION. XVII 
 
 The real school, the public grammar school, if it was in the 
 precinct of the cathedral before, must have been extruded from it 
 with the seculars who kept it. For it is in the city, not the 
 monastery that we find it, when we first get definite mention of it. 
 This occurs in connection with the Chapel of the Carnaria or 
 Charnel-house, which stood, as described in 1265, "between the 
 great church," i.e. the cathedral, "and the bishop's hall." Bishop 
 William of Blois (Bleys) had caused it to be built of elegant work 
 with an adequate crypt underneath. The crypt was the charnel- 
 house, to which the bones of the dead were removed after they 
 had lain for a certain time in the cemetery, and their place was 
 wanted for others. Similar charnel-chantries were to be found at 
 Winchester and Evesham and in many other places. This chapel 
 was dedicated to God, St. Mary and St. Thomas the martyr besides, 
 and cannot therefore have existed " in the time of Henry I. and 
 probably earlier," as stated by Noakes. The fact that the chapel 
 was built by William of Blois, who became bishop 7 October 
 1218, and its dedication to Becket points to the tiine of the 
 " translation " of the bones of the rebel archbishop, which took 
 place fifty years after his death, in 1220. Forty years later 
 Bishop Walter of Cantelupe added to the endowment and 
 increased the establishment. By the usual fictitious action in the 
 Court of King's Bench, then already, as it long remained, the 
 safest way of conveying property, in which judgment was given 
 between John, master of the Carnary, plaintiff, and Walter, 
 bishop of Worcester, deforciant, lands in seven different places in 
 the county were adjudged to the former, who thus got the 
 highest possible title, a judgment by a Court of record. The 
 bishop fiirther, on January 5, 1264-5, assigned 15 marks a year 
 for three chaplains to pray for the souls of his predecessors the 
 bishops, and his ancestors the Cantelupes, and the souls of all 
 whose bones rested in the Carnary. On Saturday before the 
 Purification of the Virgin (which was 2 February) 1264-5, ^^^ 
 bishop made an Ordinance for the Carnary. There were to be 
 four chaplains, one of whom was to be appointed by the bishop 
 as Master. He was to receive the income from the endowment, 
 20 marks or £it^ 6.v. 8f/., and out of that pay each of the other 
 
 d
 
 XVni EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 chaplains ;^i a year stipend, and provide them with board and 
 lodging, keep a servant for their common house, and a clerk for the 
 chapel. The residue — what it was is not stated — he was to keep 
 for himself. 
 
 " In the divine offices . . . they shall observe the use of Salis- 
 bury and to the utmost of their power sing the psalms together, 
 and shall come to the said chapel in the morning at latest when 
 the first peal is rung in the city, and shall do the same at the 
 hour of vespers. For the office of the masses, the chaplains shall 
 thus conduct themselves : Daily before they go to school, a mass 
 of the day shall be celebrated with singing («.o/o), and after they 
 have done their lessons three masses for the dead shall be cele- 
 brated with or without singing as they wish. As for the estate 
 of the said chaplains, how they ought to behave in living and 
 conduct we ordain thus, namely, that all shall attend school, 
 shall eat together, and live in one house." 
 
 First peal was probably at 5 a.m., as it still continued to be 
 at Winchester College in 1863. Lectures began at 6 a.m. and 
 went on to 9 a.m. The masses for the dead followed, and 
 dinner, the first meal, for there had probably been no 
 breakfast, at 10 a.m. These hours sound appalling to us. 
 Rising at 5 was no great hardship when light was ruinously 
 expensive, and people went to bed at 8 in winter and 9 in 
 summer and rose at dawn. But hardy must have been the 
 stomach to endure the work from 5 to 10 a.m. In some 
 articles in the J^igornian — one wonders why Vigornian, seeing 
 that fVigornia was the Latin name of Worcester as used 
 from Bede to Charles II. — this charnel-chapel was at one time 
 claimed as the first Worcester school-house, but this claim has 
 been abandoned. The school which the chaplains attended, 
 whether it was a grammar school or a theological school, was 
 evidently not in the chapel or their house, as they had to go to 
 it. In the earliest episcopal registers extant, those of Lincoln, 
 between 1220 and 1230, we find frequent instances of vicars 
 and rectors being ordered to attend school, in some cases 
 expressly grammar schools, in others, no doubt, divinity schools. 
 The " poor clerks " who served the altars in Lincoln Cathedral
 
 INTRODUCTrON. XIX 
 
 and stayed till the age of 30 were frequently ordered to attend 
 the grammar school there. In view of the vagueness of the 
 reference to the school here, we cannot positively assert that it is 
 a reference to the grammar school, though whatever school there 
 was certainly would include grammar. Had the Carnary been 
 at Salisbury or Northampton it might have referred to the 
 University teaching which then went on there. But we have no 
 mention of any attempt at a University at Worcester. Walter 
 of Cantelupe's anxiety for the education of the Carnary chaplains 
 may be partly accounted for by his having himself been highly 
 educated. He had been at Paris University where, with his 
 brother, he kept house on a magnificent scale, and had, among 
 other /jrudhommes in their family, Master Peter of Bulteville, 
 M.A., afterwards his steward. His brother Thomas had a 
 chaplain who always said mass to his master before he went to 
 school, and he always entertained four, and sometimes thirteen, 
 poor relations in his house, while at least two of the poorest 
 scholars lived on the broken meats off his table. 
 
 In 1385 Bishop Henry de Wakefield found the Carnary chapel 
 and house " in ruins," owing to the plague and other unwonted 
 burdens. So he placed the burden of maintaining it for a single 
 chaplain only on the sacrist of the monastery. We shall notice 
 it again in the 15th century. 
 
 The first definite document dealing with Worcester Grammar 
 School itself is in 1291. This document shews us the school- 
 master and the school boys in the parish, and no doubt on the 
 very spot in which the schoolmaster is found 300 years later at 
 the dissolution of chantries, in the centre of the city, far out- 
 side the monastic precinct, and under the jurisdiction of the 
 bishop, not of the prior or monks. It is a solemn ordinance 
 issued on 24 May 1291 by Bishop Godfrey GifFard to settle a 
 quarrel between the schoolmaster and the rector of St. Nicholas' 
 Church about certain perquisites in connection with St. Nicholas' 
 feast kept by the scholars of the school. The bishop recites that 
 Walter, Rector of St. Nicholas' Church, on behalf of himself and 
 his church as plaintiff, had proceeded against Master Stephen of 
 London, Rector of Worcester School {i-ectorem scolarum fVygorn)
 
 XX EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 as defendant, on behalf of himself and his scholars, before the 
 Official, i.e., the Official Principal of the bishop's court, and the 
 Official's commissary. The question, says the bishop, had been 
 much debated with manifold replications, but still remained 
 undetermined either by judgment or agreement. The matter in 
 dispute was as to the celebration of the feast or solemnization of 
 St. Nicholas by the company of the scholars, and as to the making of 
 wax candles every year arising from collections made by them, and 
 the care, disposal, and custody of these candles at the end of the 
 solemnization. This feast of St. Nicholas was one of the most 
 important In the whole circle of the ecclesiastical year, and by far 
 the most important in the scholastic year. The saint in question 
 was a bishop of Myra in Asia Minor, who had become the patron 
 saint of scholars of all growths by reason of the legend which 
 made him see in a dream the murder of three scholars on their 
 way to the Schools of Athens, and theft of their school fees 
 and allowance by the host of their inn, who cut up and concealed 
 their bodies in his pickle-tub. In the morning the bishop went 
 to the inn, arraigned the host, and restored the murdered scholars 
 to life ; a favourite representation of the scene shewing the last 
 boy with one leg still in the tub as he puts his first leg over its 
 edge to climb out. This saint and story obtained immense 
 vogue on the translation of some of his remains from Myra 
 to Bari in Italy about 1080, when education was much in the 
 air and the Universities of Salerno, Bologna, and Paris in pro- 
 cess of development. It became a general practice in all schools 
 and places where they learn, for the scholars to perform plays of 
 St. Nicholas and his clerks as part of the service on his day, one 
 of the boys being dressed up as Bishop Nicholas and preaching 
 a sermon, performing pontifical high mass, and giving the 
 episcopal benediction. 
 
 Here at Worcester the bishop sitting on the judgment seat 
 settles the knotty point which his officers failed to solve. First, 
 he confirms the custom. The feast shall for ever hereafter be 
 celebrated in St. Nicholas' church, as it always had been celebrated 
 heretofore by the devotion of the scholars for the time being in 
 Worcester school — a sufficient proof, if proof were needed, that
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXI 
 
 the school was no new thing, but already ancient enough to have 
 ancient customs. But this was subject to the condition that 
 neither the rector of the church nor the schoolmaster {^magister 
 scolarum), as he is in this sentence called, was to claim any right 
 or property in the wax or the wax candles that were offered, 
 unless the master and the scholars, or the majority of them, liked 
 to give any of it to the rector in right of his church " out of mere 
 devotion," i.e. not as by right, but by courtesy. As the school- 
 master had always been accustomed to collect for the light, when 
 second vespers were over on the day itself, the schoolmaster for 
 the time being is henceforth to hand over the remainder of the 
 wax before the rector himself, if he likes to be present, and three 
 devout scholars as witnesses, to some honest citizen or merchant 
 of the city of Worcester, who possesses sufficient knowledge and 
 has the desire to return it with due increase, and answer for it 
 faithfully to the master and scholars when they ask for it back in 
 the presence of the rector of the church, if after due notice he 
 wishes to be present. If there is any dispute as to the return or 
 deposit of the wax, the archdeacon of Worcester or his proctor 
 or the bishop's official is to settle it on the evidence of three or 
 four of the scholars and the Rector, taking care that the wax is 
 always f^iithfully kept and delivered to the master and scholars 
 on the following St. Nicholas day. 
 
 So this mighty contest ended by award under the bishop's 
 seal at his castle of Hartlebury in the complete defeat of the 
 grasping rector and the triumph of the scholars. The question 
 of the right to the remainder wax was not so trivial then as it 
 may seem. Lighting was one of the great charges on the 
 churches. Wax was, especially in England, a rare and expensive 
 commodity. Special estates were given to cathedral and monas- 
 teries, churches and colleges to provide it, and the endowments 
 for lamps, wax candles and torches formed no insignificant item 
 in the spoils under the Chantry Acts. 
 
 The next appearance of Worcester Grammar School is in an 
 undated document, probably written about thirty or forty years 
 later than the St. Nicholas ordinance. This is an entry in the so- 
 called Register of Worcester Priory, assigned by Archdeacon Hale,
 
 XXll EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 its Camden Society editor in 1865, to the thirteenth century, but 
 which is in a handwriting certainly not earlier than 1325. The 
 book is no Register, but a collection of extracts from Rent-rolls 
 and other documents to shew the charges on the estates which 
 formed the Prior's own endowment separate from that of the 
 convent. It begins with a statement of what the rental was in 
 1 24 1. All the dated documents in it are dated in the thirteenth 
 century. But many of them are undated and may be taken to be 
 of the date when the book was completed, some time in the 
 second quarter of the fourteenth century. Internal evidence 
 prevents an earlier date being assigned to the particular entry 
 relating to the school. It is headed " Of the Prior's Maundy 
 {De Mandato Prioris)." On Maundy Thursday, the day 
 before Good Friday, the Prior, like other great persons, as 
 the Emperor of Austria does to this day, washed the feet of 
 twelve beggars and gave them food and other presents. At 
 Westminster School the Maundy is now reduced to silver 
 pennies, which are distributed to the boys as prizes for good verse- 
 tasks and the like. At Worcester c. 1340 the custom so far 
 as relates to the school was that " the Prior should maintain 
 (exhibeai) in Lent thirteen poor, of whom three are clerks pro- 
 vided by the Schoolmaster. And it is to be noted that the School 
 master has this privilege also (^graciam) , tha.t every week in which 
 he gives lessons or lectures in person he receives a maundy from 
 the Almoner, which he may assign to whichever of his clerks he 
 wills, in return for the instruction of the relations [parentum, the 
 French /jaren/.?) of the monks and of others who are boarded in the 
 almonry. Each of the said clerks receives at the beginning of 
 Lent at the hands of the servant of the Hostilarius (ostler), or 
 Keeper of the Hospitium or Guest-hall, a loaf each for every day 
 up to Mid-Lent, and the same number of gallons of the second and 
 third best beer. These they will receive weekly. And after Mid- 
 Lent they wilt receive a similar number till the Maundy Supper. 
 The servant will have three loaves of the residue. Four quarters 
 of wheat were enough to provide the loaves." 
 
 Here, then, we have definite evidence of the existence of a 
 schoolmaster in the city with his boys, secular clerks. It is
 
 INTRODUCTION, XXIH 
 
 curious to note how the monks were always exceedingly careful 
 that their charities should begin at home. Thus, when at Bury 
 St. Edmunds under Abbot Sampson c. 1180 the Grammar School 
 there was endowed with 2/. a year, and in consequence the master 
 was bound to admit forty boys free, it was specially provided 
 in full chapter that the relations of the monks should have the 
 first preference for admission as free boys. The monks of 
 Worcester were equally careful to retain a similar preference in 
 return for their maundies. The " others " boarded in the almonry 
 were presumably the people who had corrodies granted them : 
 pensions for life, generally in kind, a chamber, and a certain 
 number of meals daily. 
 
 Instances of the custom of granting exhibitions to scholars 
 named by the master may be seen elsewhere, at Winchester in 
 1 1 30, at Durham in 11 80, at Pontefract Hospital in 1267. As 
 sixty years' prescription was necessary to establish a custom as 
 legally binding, we may date this scholars' Maundy at Worcester 
 as not later than 1260. 
 
 The next school document again shews the Bishop of 
 Worcester interesting himself in the school. Bishop Walter 
 Reynolds, who, being Lord Chancellor, apparently never set foot 
 in Worcester diocese, found time by letters patent, dated at his 
 house in London, 28 August 13 12, to appoint a new master. 
 Addressing his beloved son, Master Hugh of Northampton, clerk, 
 he said : " Considering the approved merits with which you are 
 known to be, through the gift of God, distinguished, we confer 
 on you in the way of charity the Grammar School of our city of 
 Worcester to teach according to the knowledge given you by 
 God, whether the collation of the same belongs to us in right of 
 our bishopric or as archdeacon, saving always the rights and 
 dignity of our church of Worcester." The reference to the 
 archdeacon's having the right of appointment is a little obscure. 
 In the secular cathedrals the bishops had long devolved their 
 powers over the schools to the chapter and the chancellor of the 
 chapter, anciently himself called schoolmaster. In the monastic 
 cathedrals the bishop retained the power in his own hands, as he 
 could not trust it to a monastic chapter of monks, who had
 
 XXIV EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 nothing to do with education, and little with learning. At 
 Canterbury there is no trace of the archdeacon having anything 
 to do with the school, all the appointments preserved from 1290 
 onwards being by the archbishop himself At Cambridge, on the 
 other hand, there is evidence of the archdeacon of Ely claiming 
 and exercising the right of appointing the Grammar School 
 master, which he was the natural person to do in the absence and 
 as the deputy of the bishop. From this Worcester document it 
 seems that the archdeacon claimed some right in the matter of 
 schools, though as the archdeacon was only the bishop's deputy, 
 the latter could, as in this document, assert his own power and 
 override or supply the default of the archdeacon. His reason for 
 doing so in this case was that the archdeacon was, as was oftener 
 than not the case, a non-resident foreigner, Henry, son of 
 Imbert, the dauphin of Vienne, being on 13 September 131 2 
 admitted as archdeacon on the collation of Pope Clement V. 
 on the death of Cardinal Francis Sancte Lucie in Silice, the late 
 archdeacon, who had just died in Rome. (Wore. Ep. Reg. 
 Reynolds, f 61.) 
 
 A century later we find another appointment of master 
 recorded. This was on 20 December 1429, when bishop Thomas 
 Pulton appointed Sir John Bredel, chaplain, to "our grammar 
 school in our city of Worcester," then " destitute of the comfort 
 of a ruler, through the negligence, carelessness, want of attention 
 and idleness of Sir Richard [blank], chaplain, or rather through 
 his deep fault and very bad and vicious government, which have 
 rendered him, and still render him, notoriously, utterly unworthy 
 to keep the school any longer." So the bishop collated Breddle, 
 " having regard to the knowledge of grammar (/i(terarum), 
 uprightness of morals and conduct which he had been informed 
 by many he possessed in abundance, as well by his own authority 
 as in the stead, name and right of his beloved son Master John 
 Ikesborthe (Ixworth), archdeacon of Worcester, if he has any, in 
 this behalf, committed by the bishop." The bishop " preferred " 
 Breddle " as master and governor, with all the fees, profits and 
 advantages annexed thereto, to hold at pleasure." This is an 
 interesting entry as it shews that the bishops in those days really
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXV 
 
 exercised their functions as school governors not only in regard to 
 patronage, but also in seeing that the school was well conducted, 
 and removing a master who conducted it ill. The reference to 
 " fees, profits and advantages " shews that so far from schools 
 being free, as has been wantonly alleged in the discussion about 
 the meaning of Free School, and schoolmastering as not " a 
 gainful profession " in the Middle Ages, school fees were paid. 
 
 On 30 September 1458 the carnary chantry was reorganized 
 by bishop John Carpenter (Wore. Ep. Reg. Carpenter, f. 175 b.), 
 who had been Provost of Oriel College, Oxford, and he again gave 
 an educational turn to it. He augmented the endowment by two 
 houses in High Street and Broad Street. The Sacrist was directed 
 to appoint as chaplain a Bachelor in Theology, or at least a 
 graduate in the Old and New Testaments, sufficiently learned in 
 holy scripture to have the custody of the Hbrary and the books in 
 it, and to give a public lecture moralized, i.e., with apphcation to 
 life, on the Old and New Testament, once or twice a week, and a 
 solemn sermon in the cathedral or at the cross in the cemetery 
 on Good Friday (Die Parasceves). He was to have the 
 upper and lower chambers newly built at the end of the Library, 
 and to receive a stipend of 10/. a year, or, if he was willing to be 
 a commoner with the Sacrist, 8/. a year. This is an interesting 
 development, as this was only one instance out of many in the 
 development of Public Libraries at this time. Oxford had only 
 recently established its Public Library, which four years later was 
 to receive its great donation from the royal Duke of Gloucester, 
 which made it be called Duke Humphrey's Library. A similar 
 reconstitution took place of the Brotherhood of the Kalendars at 
 Bristol in 1464, where also the Prior of the four or five chantry 
 priests attached to it, who was appointed by the Mayor of Bristol, 
 was required to have a theological degree, to lecture on theology, 
 and keep the library which Carpenter had recently built there. 
 It has been suggested that this Library and the lectures never took 
 effect. But there seems no reason for the suggestion. The fact 
 that in 1487, when a levy was made for a clerical subsidy for the 
 archbishop of Canterbury, the master of the chapel of St. Thomas 
 of the charnel was Peter Webb, Professor of Sacred Theology,
 
 XXvl EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 i.e., D.D., points the other way. Moreover, on 30 September 
 1528 (Reg. Jeronimus, f. 33 b.) we find Roger Neckham, 
 S.T.P., being presented to the chantry of St. Thomas the 
 martyr in the " charnell howse " by the Sacrist on the 
 resignation of Henry Lewis, M.A., and Neckham became a 
 canon of the reformed cathedral in 1541. It is highly probable 
 that some of the books in the present Cathedral Library are 
 derived not from the monastic library, but from this library of the 
 charnel house, which was always under the eye of the bishops, and 
 was in fact the place nearly always selected by them, because the 
 cathedral itself was in the hands of monks, for the celebration of 
 orders. While, therefore, the charnel house and its chantry never 
 was a school itself, it was in its early, as in its later days, con- 
 nected with the advancement of learning. 
 
 The school appears next in 1487, when we find "Sir John 
 Pynnyngton, master of the school there," viz., Worcester, con- 
 tributing 6.?. 8f/. (half a mark) to a subsidy for the archbishop of 
 Canterbury. There were only three grades of taxation — 13^. 4^., 
 6.?. Sd., and nothing. The Master of St. Wolstan's Hospital, the 
 Master of the chapel of St. Thomas of the Charnel, the School- 
 master of Cirencester, and Master Richard Ogle, cantarist of the 
 chapel of the Holy Trinity, paid at the higher rate. Nearly all 
 the other chantry priests in the county paid only 6.9. Sd. This 
 payment shews that Worcester School must by this time have 
 been endowed, but not on a very liberal scale. 
 
 The endowment was provided by the Trinity Gild, which 
 had its home in St. Nicholas' parish. Unfortunately, though 
 the Gild Register was preserved among the City muniments and 
 handed over every year to the new City officers down to the reign 
 of Elizabeth at least, it has now disappeared. Our whole knowledge 
 of it is derived from the certificates of the Commissioners taken in 
 view of its dissolution. The task of unravelling its history has not 
 been rendered easier by the extraordinary muddle made of it by 
 the local historians. Habingdon or Abington, the seventeenth- 
 century antiquary, confused the Gild of the Trinity in St. Nicholas 
 parish with the chantry or service of the chapel of the Trinity. 
 Toulmin Smith in 1870 {English Gilds, Early English Text
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXVU 
 
 Society, p. 206) made confusion worse confounded by printing 
 the abstract of the chantry certificate of Edward VI., prepared for 
 the assignment of pensions and continuance of schools, as a certi- 
 ficate made by Henry VIII. 's chantry commissioners three years 
 before, though this certificate is extant and had been quoted by 
 Habingdon quite correctly, only to be laughed at by Toulmin 
 Smith for " a strange travestie, an instructive example of how what 
 is called ' History ' is written." Toulmin Smith out of his own 
 head rechristened the Trinity Gild the Gild of St. Nicholas with- 
 out the smallest authority. 
 
 We have, in fact, to distinguish between three separate 
 foundations. There was first a "Service of a preste within 
 the parish church of St. Nicholas " — an ordinary chantry priest. 
 This service — worth 61. 2s. 6d. gross or 5/. 16*. 3^. clear — 
 was " founded partely by the bequests of diverse persones 
 and partly purchasede by diverse devote persons of the old 
 devocions " for a priest " not onely to saye masse in the said 
 church but also to helpe the parson and curate there in tymes of 
 nede, because the parishe dothe abounde of houselynge people 
 aboute the number of 500." Houseling people were communi- 
 cants, so this gives a population of between two and three 
 thousand for St. Nicholas' parish. The name of the incumbent is 
 not given. This chantry had no connection with the school. 
 
 In the same parish, but not attached to the church of St. 
 Nicholas, was the chapel and the Gild Hall of the Holy Trinity. 
 No doubt the Gild had built the chapel, just as the Gild of 
 Stratford-on-Avon had built their beautiful chapel and school, 
 which still stand side by side. The chapel of the Trinity was 
 "no part of the parish church" but "300 fete" or 100 yards 
 from it. In it was a " chantrey " founded by Richard Norton 
 and others under licence in mortmain of 18 Feb. 1372 " to fynde 
 a preste to synge for the soules of the said Riccarde and all 
 crystyns." Its income was ;^ii 3.?. jd. a year according to the 
 " Boke of Firste Fruyts and Tenthes " {i.e., the Valor Ecclesias- 
 ticus of 1535), but only ;^io 2.?. according to the chantry 
 certificate in 1546. From this 6.?. 8rf. was paid to the parson of 
 St. Nicholas and 2*. to the bishop. So the net value was
 
 XXVlll EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 £.<) \T,s. 4.d. "employed to the sustentacion of Richard Stone 
 chappelyne ther." It was said to be " a greate helpe to the 
 pore." None of its possessions had been parted with since the 
 Valor " except 406^. by yere for a certayn oblacion to the Image 
 of the Trynitie, now leyd downe and extinguished," no doubt in 
 the great massacre of idols which had taken place under Thomas 
 Cromwell. This chantry or chaplaincy in Trinity Chapel was 
 also quite distinct from the school-mastership. For we can trace 
 the chaplains in the episcopal registers from Richard Parys, 
 admitted 27 March 14 14, to " the chantry of the chapel of Holy 
 Trinity in the parish of St. Nicholas on the resignation of John 
 Ledwell on the presentation of the venerable men Richard Norton 
 and John Frewen " (Richard Norton probably being the son of 
 the founder Richard Norton of 1372 rather than the same 
 person), " bailiffs of Worcester," to Sir Thomas Stone, admitted 
 16 May 1532. On 10 Oct. 1485 Mr. Richard Ocle, LL.B., 
 was admitted to the perpetual chantry of the Holy Trinity Gild 
 of Worcester on the presentation of the two bailiffs and nomina- 
 tion of two Aldermen of the Gild. In 1487, as Mr. Richard 
 Ogull, cantarist of the chapel of the Holy Trinity, he contributed as 
 we have seen 13*. 40?. to the subsidy for the Archbishop of Canter- 
 bury, when the schoolmaster, Sir John Pynnyngton, contributed 
 separately half that amount. So, too, in the certificate of 1546 
 " The Guilde or Fraternitie of the Holly Trinitie within the 
 parishe of Saint Nicolas " is treated as a distinct foundation from 
 the chantry or chapel of the Trinity. It is by this third founda- 
 tion that the school was endowed. " The said Guyld or 
 brotherhed was stabblished and conffirmed by Kinge Henry IV. 
 to the laude of God and honor of the Holly Trinitie in the 
 church or chappell of the Trinitie there, by his letters patent, 
 having autoritie by the same to make and stablishe a certeyn 
 perpetuall chauntrle of iij chappleyns or prestes to synge masse 
 perpetuallie .... as by the letters patents shewed to the said 
 commissioners may appere." The calendars of the Letters patent 
 of Henry IV. contain no notice of this patent, though the 
 evidence of the certificate that the patent was actually shewn to 
 the commissioners cannot be questioned. The fact that the Gild
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXIX 
 
 is said to have been confirmed by Henry IV. suggests that, as is 
 usual with the gilds so confirmed, it was an older foundation, but 
 then only obtained a legal establishment by obtaining a licence in 
 mortmain. The return of Gilds made in 1389, which resulted in 
 a large number of new licences in mortmain, is however missing 
 in the case of Worcestershire, The certificate of 1 546 states that 
 the clear yearly revenue oi £\i 13.5-. lod. is " imployed to the 
 fyndynge of one preste called William Halvertonfor to say masse 
 for the founder and all christen soules, whereas by the foundacion 
 they ought to maunteyne 3 prestes." It is not suggested that 
 this priest was a schoolmaster. But the certificate of Edward 
 VI.'s commissioners, taken only two years later, gives a wholly 
 different account. According to this, the gross income was 
 £12 ly^s. ']d. and the clear yearly value of the Gild was ^^ 12 i is. id. 
 The incumbent was John Olyuer, bacheler of arte, of the age of 
 thirtie yeres, well learnyd and of honesteconuersacion. Attached 
 to it was " a scoole as in the memorandum underwritten." In 
 this memorandum the " maister of the guylde," John Callowe, the 
 bailiffs of the City and the four Stewards or Wardens of the gild 
 presented " that there hath been tyme out of mynde a Free Scole 
 kept within the said citie in a grete hall belongyng to the said 
 Guylde called the Trynitie hall, the Scolemaster whereof for the 
 tyme beyng hath had yerely for his stypend j^io." Of this sum 
 £6 13.?. 4fi?. was paid out of the gild revenues, the rest was found 
 by subscription, " collected and gathered of the devocion and 
 benevolence of the brothers and sisters of the said Guylde." 
 The Gild also paid to poor people, who, as appears from a later 
 certificate, were in " 24 cottages or almshouses adjoining Trinity 
 Hall," ;^5 js. 4^. a year. The Gild further maintained Severn 
 Bridge, the "great stone brydge with 10 arches." But this and 
 the walls of the city and the property belonging to the Gild being 
 " ruynous and in greate decaye " the Gild had " lefte the kepy ng of" 
 the Schoolmaster for four or five years. But before Michaelmas 
 1547 they had "founde an honest lernyd Scolemaster within 
 the said hall in lyke maner as they before tym dyd." This 
 was John Oliver, B.A., " who hathe there at this present 
 tyme above the number of a hundred scolers." The gild had no
 
 XXX EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 doubt been able to drop the city school because of the establish- 
 ment in 1540 of the Cathedral Grammar School. Still, the fact 
 that on its revival the Gild School had got together 100 
 scholars would appear to shew that there was a demand for it as 
 well. Nevertheless, someone reported adversely to its continu- 
 ance. For in a further certificate, or rather abstract of the certifi- 
 cate, "A brief declaracion " of the late colleges, etc., prepared 
 for the two commissioners appointed under the Chantries Act to 
 continue the Grammar Schools, payments for the poor and 
 other purposes, and containing their directions as to pensions or 
 continuance, it was ordered that " the pore " should be continued 
 quousque, i.e., until further order, " For the Schole may cease, 
 for ther is one other in the towne of the Kinges fundacion ; and 
 this is no schole of any purpos, as it is credibly said." Accord- 
 ingly in the Ministers' accounts for Michaelmas 1548 to 
 Michaelmas 1 549, we find the Receiver-General of the revenues 
 of the Crown for Worcestershire paying, under heading of 
 Stipends and Annuities, 10/. i*. ^d. to the city bailiffs "for the 
 use of 24 poor people dwelling in 24 cottages belonging to 
 the Holy Trinity Gild there, so granted to them out of the 
 possessions of the said late gild during the Lord King's 
 pleasure," while under the heading of " Pensions of Chantry 
 Priests," John Oliver, clerk, late incumbent of the Trinity Gild 
 in the parish of St. Nicholas, is paid 6/., and Richard Stone, 
 cantarist of the late chantry of the Trinity in the city of Wor- 
 cester, is paid 5/. That is to say, the payment of the poor was 
 paid as a continuing charge, while the school was treated as 
 having ceased with the Gild, and the schoolmaster as pensioned 
 off and not continued. This was strictly in accordance with the 
 Act if the city could not shew that the school was " by founda- 
 tion " part of the Gild. But the city did not submit to the 
 adverse ruling against the school, nor to the substitution of a 
 fixed payment for the lands out of which the Gild Almshouses 
 had been supported. 
 
 Already when the first Chantries Act was passed it bestirred 
 itself for the Gild, which was practically a civic institution. The 
 earliest extant city accounts, those for 1546, shew a payment of
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXXI 
 
 1 1.9. to Richard Helborough " for a commission for the Trinity 
 at London," while in 1547 Thomas Parton was paid the large 
 sum of 4/. " for riding to the Lord Protector for the mystery (/e 
 misfre, i.e., trade company or gild, unless it means school- 
 mastership) of the said city and other business." In the following 
 year 3*. was paid to William Adice " for writing of certain 
 writings about the Trinite." In 155 1-2 the same person, now 
 called Adyes, was paid 3.V. ^.d. for " the drawinge and ingrossinge 
 the dede of purchase of the Trynytys halle." The same year 
 occurs the " Item, payed for the Scole maister's fee this year 40^'. 
 Item, to hym more by award made by Mr. Robynson, 
 Mr. Dodynge, and Mr. Yowle, 12.?." 
 
 This item bears out the account given in certain legal 
 proceedings about the school in the Court of Requests, which 
 took place almost immediately after Queen Elizabeth came to 
 the throne. The depositions taken in the case assert that the 
 Gild had " tyme out of mind " kept a school. Robert Ledington, 
 clothier, aged 86, said that he had known a schoolmaster main- 
 tained by the Gild " for 50 years and above," and Robert Youle, 
 also a clothier, who had been M.P. for the city, said that when 
 he first came to the city 50 years before, i.e., in 1508, there was 
 a Free School kept in the Trinities, and he heard that the master 
 had 10/. a year, and of his own knowledge he remembered " by 
 the space of those 50 years and more a schoolmaster teachinge 
 a comen (i.e., public) scole," and that he had " yerely paid him 
 for his stipende 10/. out of the lands in Worcether called the 
 Trynitie Lands .... geven to the findinge of a scolmaster there." 
 John Olyver came to be schoolmaster of the " comen scole " 
 only about half a year before the lands came to the crown by the 
 Chantries Act, and was paid at the rate of 10/. a year while there. 
 The school not being continued, Oliver left off teaching, but 
 went up to London and begged the city members to get for him 
 a grant of 5/. or 61. a year, promising if they did he would serve 
 in the office of schoolmastership for his life. According to Ynule, 
 the members " were not prevye to the pennynge of the letters 
 patent," and Oliver got them made in the form of a charge on 
 the Crown revenues of Worcestershire (the usual way) to him for
 
 XXXll EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 life, with a proviso for cesser if he was promoted to any annuity 
 or promotion of the same amount or above. According to Oliver, 
 he was promised 4 marks (2/. 13*. ^.d.) more by the City Council 
 if he would again become schoolmaster for a year, " and after that 
 they would make his pay as good as it was before." But, 
 according to Youle, Oliver himself asked to return to the school, 
 and Youle induced the Council to promise 2/. a year more because 
 he, Youle, thought the stipend of 61. was " to lytell to fynde 
 hym," in order that Oliver might " the better endeavour himself 
 in his office." The Council granted this, together with a house, 
 rent and tax free, they paying the subsidy to the crown in respect 
 of his crown annuity of 6/. a year. 
 
 The town accounts, as already stated, shew that in 15 50-1 
 the sum of 2/. was duly paid as the schoolmaster's fee, while 12s. 
 more was paid by award made by three of the councillors, 
 including Youle, apparently for the subsidy. Next year, 155 1-2, 
 the " Scolemaister " was paid 13.?. ^d. only, and 2i.s\ 8d. was paid 
 to Christopher Bratt " for certen busynes att London concernynge 
 the late scolemaister." This is explained by an entry in the 
 Chamber Order Book of 23 December 1552, when Youle was 
 one of the bailiffs, referring it to the bailiffs, aldermen and 
 chamberlains and ex-office-holders " to make a direct answer to 
 the schoolmaster to all his reqests leafull," and ratifying in 
 advance whatever they " doo in recevyng hym ageyne or 
 otherwise." They failed to come to terms, and it was 
 admitted in the suit that Oliver then left the school, 
 according to the city, without notice, going off to other pre- 
 ferment, taking advantage of the fact that the school was not 
 mentioned in the grant of his annuity, but according to his own 
 account after " gentellye and honestlye takinge leave of his 
 freindes," because the city broke their agreement. The Council 
 then applied to the Chancellor of the Court of Augmentations, 
 who directed the annuity to be withheld, but, " after long sute," 
 he wrote to the Council to give Oliver 5/. a year besides the 
 annuity to remain as schoolmaster. According to Oliver they 
 refused, and put Oliver in prison ; and they again refused when 
 the bishop asked them to give him 2/. and a house. Thereupon
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXXUl 
 
 he left. There was perhaps some religious difference at the bottom 
 of it, as nothing was done and the school apparently ceased 
 during Mary's reign. But it was resumed very soon after 
 Elizabeth's accession in November 1558, as the accounts for the 
 year 1557-8 comprise an item of 6/. " to the Scolemaster for his 
 wages." Proceedings in the Court of Requests were instituted by 
 the City Council early in 1559. An order for the examination of 
 witnesses was made on 3 June, and the examination taken, the 
 evidence in which has been stated, on 20 October 1559. The 
 decree made, if any, is not extant. But substantially the decision 
 must have been in favour of the Council, as the accounts for 
 1558-9 shew the Council hiring a house for the school from my 
 Lady Pakyngton at a chief rent of 16.?. and John Tomes at a rent 
 of los. and the payment of 9/. to "the Scolemasters " for their 
 wages. The accounts of the following year contain a note that 
 "The new corporacion of the scole-howse shall paie the said 10.?." 
 (rent to Mr. Tomes) "from hensforth." This entry shews that 
 the new charter refounding the school had already been promised. 
 It was not, however, carried into effect till 28 February 1561, 
 when letters patent were granted by the Queen. The letters 
 patent were in Latin, but the Six Masters' book contains a 
 contemporary translation. The patent says that it was granted 
 " at the humble request and petition of our well beloved bayleyffs, 
 aldermen, chamberlains, cythizens, and all other inhabytantes and 
 resyauntes of our cyttie of Worceter and of many other of our 
 subiects within our countie of Worceter." William Cecil, after- 
 wards Lord Burleigh, was always careful to shew in the preambles 
 to the school charters that they were not only for the towns, but 
 for the whole districts round them. The restored school was 
 clearly intended to be of a lower grade than the Cathedral 
 Grammar School, being " for a scoole for a. b. c. and grammer for 
 the instruction and education of children in good lerning and 
 manor," and that it was no new foundation was marked 
 by saying that it was to be erected, established, and " con- 
 tynewed " in the said city. The petition also asked for 
 the continuance of the twenty-four alms people. The queen, 
 therefore, allowing the said petition, granted " that from 
 
 J
 
 XXXIV EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 hensforthe for evre it be and shalbe one scoole for a b c 
 and grammer for the teachinge erudition and instruction of 
 children, to teache and instruct them to rede and otherwise in 
 good lernynge and maners to be taughte and brougte uppe as of 
 olde tyme hit hath bene used in the same cyttie, whiche shalbe 
 called and named the Free Scoole of the cyttie of Worceter for 
 education, erudition, and instruction of children." So marked 
 was to be the difference between it and the Cathedral Grammar 
 School, that it was not called the Free Grammar School, but the 
 Free School simply. The patent then proceeds to incorporate 
 six of the " descretiste cittizens " as " governors and supervisors 
 of the Free Scoole and Almose houses of the cittie of Worceter," 
 naming the " first rewlers," and giving them power to make 
 ordinances and statutes and appoint "a scoole maister and 
 usher." No property was granted by the charter, but only a 
 licence in mortmain to receive any property granted for the 
 school and almshouses and to apply it accordingly. 
 
 According to notes written on the fly-leaf of the Order 
 Book of the Governors, or as they came or continued to be 
 called, " the Six Masters," the chief petitioner was Willyam 
 Langley, " surveyor of Hyr Graces mynte in toure of London, 
 in the tyme of service there altering the base money into fyne," 
 Queen Mary having debased the coinage. The queen herself 
 gave "unto the free scoole 61. ly. ^d.\ more to the poore 
 people 61. 13^. 4^. ; more, 40 trees oute of the foreste of 
 Wyer, as doithe appere by hir graces byll assigned at the humble 
 sute of the forsaide William Langley, to be used to the buildinge 
 and comfort of the poore." Master Robert Youle gave lands 
 worth 13/. 6s. %d. a year, and Sir John Baker, lorde keper of the 
 great seale, lands worth 5/. i6.s. %d., thus making an endow- 
 ment of 31/. 6s. %d. for the school, while Katharine Heywood 
 gave 100 marks (75/. 13^. 4^/.) down, and Margaret Brown 
 lands worth 2/. 13.?. ^d. a year, making about 12/. 6s. Sd. a year 
 for the poor. An order is preserved of John Swift, apparently 
 the Crown Receiver for the county, addressed " Mr. Conan 
 Robinson, baylifi^and receiver of the revenues of the late monas- 
 terie of Pershore," dated i November 1565, directing him to
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXXV 
 
 pay from the monastic income the two annuities granted by the 
 Queen. So that, as usual, this royal grant for the school was a 
 robbing of Peter to pay Paul. Another donor was " Maister 
 Thomas Wylde," who " hathe geuen to the free scoole for euer a 
 pece of grounde called lyttle Pytche croft, and 4^ acres in 
 great Pytche crofte, in valew by yere 5/." 
 
 In a longer extract from this will, given in the Corporation 
 books, it appears that Wylde had given these lands by will of 
 19 May 1558 " for the erecting and establishing a free school in 
 the said city for the bringing up of youth in their ABC, matins 
 and evensong, and other learning which should make them ready 
 for the King's Grammar School." 
 
 This is proof positive that the school was not intended to 
 become what it had been before, the chief school of the city, or a 
 rival school to Henry VIII.'s new foundation, but a " petits " 
 school, as it was called, a school for young boys, an elementary 
 school and also a preparatory school for the Cathedral Grammar 
 School, which had now become the school of Worcester. 
 
 Such then was the real Worcester Grammar School which 
 provided for the education of the people of Worcester, or of such 
 of them as sought education during the Middle Ages. The 
 evidence of its activity is scanty indeed, but still enough to shew 
 that it was looked after by no less a person than the bishop, that 
 he applied a guiding hand whenever correction was wanted, and 
 that the citizens supplied endowment and a school-house at the 
 Trinity Hall, in effect their Gild Hall. 
 
 But what was the cathedral monastery, that reputed home of 
 all learning, doing for the education of those for whose presumed 
 benefit, according to modern ideas, though certainly not according 
 to ancient facts, it received its vast endowment ? The answer 
 is — nothing, or next to nothing. 
 
 At Worcester there are exceptional facilities for ascertaining 
 the work of the monastery. No less than 500, less five, 
 of the account rolls of the officers of the monastery, the 
 obedientiaries, who managed the separate endowments assigned 
 for the provision of the various requirements of the inmates, are 
 extant from the reign of Henry III. to that of Henry VIII., from
 
 XXXVl EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 the year 1269 to the year 1534, and books of account fill the 
 following years to the dissolution in 1540. The chamberlain, 
 the cellarer, the kitchener, the refectorian, the pitancer, the 
 infirmarer, who looked after the temporal welfare of the inmates, 
 and the hostillar, who did the same for their visitors, the 
 precentor, the sacrist, the chapel warden, the almoner, the tomb- 
 keeper, who superintended more spiritual interests of the monks, 
 are all amply represented. Whatever the monastery did for 
 education inside or outside its walls must appear among 
 them. 
 
 What then do we find ."* Among the few rolls before 1 29 1 there 
 is no mention of any educational payment. In that year the 
 Cellarer, who, and not as one might have expected, the Chamber- 
 lain, was the chief Obedientiary, disposing of estates producing an 
 income of some 385/. a year, accounts for certain educational 
 expenses. In Michaelmas term 1291 he paid 30^. for the 
 commons of a monk at Oxford and 20i-. for John of Arundel and 
 William of Grymley going there, besides 2 marks paid to them in 
 cash, presumably for pocket-money. For Lady Day term 1292 
 he paid 20^. for monks at Oxford, and in Midsummer term 3.?. 
 for two monks in their coming from Oxford (in processu suo de 
 Oxonia). In the last term of the year the Cellarer, acting also as 
 Bursar, that is, apparently, as the keeper of the Prior's privy 
 purse, paid 6d. for the boy {garcioni, a servant of the groom 
 type) going to [querenti) a monk at Oxford. This item does not 
 bear the sinister interpretation suggested by Canon Wilson, in his 
 edition of those early rolls, of going after an errant monk, but, as 
 other similar items, such as " paid Walter Palik for seeking the 
 Chancellor at London i is." was merely an ordinary messenger to 
 Oxford. In that term the one monk in residence was paid 
 36.S. 6f/., while in Lady Day term 1293 the single scholar-monk 
 cost 43.?. 4grf. beyond the fixed sum of 10 marks. The reason 
 why these payments suddenly appear is explained in an article on 
 " Schools " in the Victoria Countij History of Gloucestershire, 
 
 ii-. 338—341. 
 
 At the instance of the Pope, and on the initiative of the bishop 
 of Worcester, Godfrey Giffard, and through the generosity of his
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXXVll 
 
 cousin Sir John Giffard, knight, lord of Brimsfield, Gloucestershire, 
 a college had just been erected at Oxford for Benedictine monks 
 of the province of Canterbury. The first resolution in favour of 
 such a house of students — for the term " college " was not used 
 for students' houses before the latter part of the fourteenth 
 century — was passed at the General Chapter of Benedictines at 
 Abingdon in 1275. On 27 December 1283 Sir John GifFard 
 established thirteen monks from St. Peter's Abbey, Gloucester, in 
 a house on the site of what is now Worcester College. But it 
 was purely a Gloucester college till in 1291 Gloucester Abbey 
 renounced any exclusive rights and the house was formally con- 
 veyed to "the Prior and Convent of St. Benedict of Oxford, and the 
 community of monks of the province of Canterbury sent there to 
 study," as governed by the Statutes of the order. Hence John of 
 Arundel was the first monk of Worcester Priory to be sent up to 
 Oxford as a student. The object of study was not art or philo- 
 sophy, a University education in general, but theology. In 1283 
 Bishop GifFard informed the University that Gloucester Abbey 
 " now desire to depose Ignorance the mother of Error," and 
 asked it to allow " a doctor in the sacred page " to attend their 
 students at Oxford so that " they may become learned and able to 
 instruct the people" — a new departure for monks. It was not till 
 12 June 1298 that any student of the new college took a degree. 
 Then brother William Brokof Gloucester " incepted " in theology 
 under Richard of Clyve, Chancellor of the University. Brok " was 
 the first of the Black Monks in England who arose in that 
 science." At the ceremony the whole Abbey of Gloucester and its 
 dependents, clerks, esquires and other gentlemen " to the number 
 of 100 horses " attended, while five abbots " and many priors " 
 attended and gave presents, and those absent sent gifts by their 
 representatives. The Prior of Worcester is not specially men- 
 tioned, and perhaps he was too jealous of the rival house of 
 Gloucester to attend. 
 
 From 1296 to 1298 no payments to scholars at Oxford are 
 recorded in the Cellarer's accounts. This may probably be 
 accounted for by the remarkable conduct of the founder of 
 Gloucester College, who in 1298 transferred, or endeavoured
 
 XXXVm EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 to transfer, its site and buildings to Malmesbury Abbey, one of 
 the monks of which was named by him as Perpetual Prior. 
 Giffard had apparently quarrelled with Gloucester and transferred 
 his affections to Malmesbury, where, on his death in 1299, he was 
 burled. However, though Malmesbury claimed the site, it was 
 content with the recognition of a kind of suzerainty, and allowed 
 other monasteries to build chambers for its student-monks. After 
 1300 Worcester Priory seems to have maintained with fair 
 regularity two monk-scholars at Oxford. It sometimes even sent 
 students further afield. For in the White Book, or great Prior's 
 Register, which begins at the end of the thirteenth century, 
 we find a copy of a testimonial given by the University of Paris, 
 dated at St. Maturin's on Sunday before 24 June 13 15, in favour 
 of Dr. John of St. German's, monk of Worcester, actual regent 
 master in theology (actu regens), i.e., actually teaching theology. 
 In 13 12 we find one of the Worcester scholars authorized to 
 swear obedience to the statutes of the secular University of 
 Oxford on taking his D.D. degree. In 1320 we find him 
 teaching theology at Canterbury Cathedral. It may be remem- 
 bered that Abbot Sampson of Bury, and several of his rival 
 candidates for the abbacy, had, like Thomas a Becket, finished 
 his education at Paris University. But this monk of Worcester 
 must have been a rather belated specimen of the race of English 
 scholars educated at Paris. The growth of Oxford and Cam- 
 bridge kept them at home, and by the end of the fourteenth 
 century the " English Nation " at Paris was wholly composed of 
 Scots, Germans, Swedes, and Danes, and in the following century 
 changed its name to the " German Nation." A curious illustration 
 of the disregard of the monks to any form of learning is to be 
 found in two letters, written in 1305, by the Abbot of West- 
 minster as the President of the general chapter of Benedictine 
 monks. The first complains that the Prior of Worcester had 
 allowed the theological lecture in the cathedral, prescribed by 
 canon law at the Lateran Council of 1279, to drop; and the 
 second objects to its being renewed only by withdrawing one of 
 the two University scholars to deliver it before he had finished his 
 course. On the other hand, in 131 8 the Presidents of the general
 
 INTRODUCTION. XXXIX 
 
 chapter ask Worcester to supply a lecturer in theology to Glou- 
 cester College at Oxford. 
 
 In 1 320-1 a remarkable educational item appears in the 
 monastic chamberlain's account. Under the heading of tenths 
 delivered — being those tenths paid to the Pope which were 
 afterwards taken over by Henry VIII., and are still among 
 the items of income administered by Queen Anne's Bounty 
 office — after an item of 3/. 8.v. 2d. paid to the Pope is, 
 "and to the master of the Greeks at Oxford iid." This iid. 
 was at the rate of a farthing in the pound of the Chamberlain's 
 total income, ordered by the Convocation of Canterbury in 1320 
 to be paid for carrying out a decree of the Council of Vienne, 
 held under the French Pope Clement V. in 13 11. In his mis- 
 sionary zeal for missionaries to convert the Oriental nations to 
 true Latin Catholicism, this Pope ordered that at the Papal 
 Court and at the Universities of Paris, Oxford, Bologna, and 
 Salamanca two masters should be established in each of 
 the languages of Hebrew, Greek, Arabic, and Chaldee, who 
 were to teach the languages and translate books from those 
 languages into Latin. All the religious, i.e., monastic, houses, 
 and the clergy in the realms of France, England, Italy, and 
 Spain were to be taxed for the support of these masters. There 
 is evidence in Denifle's Chartulary of the University of Paris, 
 chiefly in the excuses offered by various monasteries for not 
 paying, that there was a genuine effort to carry out the decree 
 there. In England at present only three documents afford 
 evidence of its being tried in England. The first is a mandate of 
 Rigaud de Asserio, Bishop of Winchester, ordering the con- 
 tribution decreed by convocation to be carried out in his diocese. 
 The next is this payment, which shews there was actually a 
 master in Greek at Oxford. The third is a receipt to West- 
 minster Abbey from Oxford in 1325 "for the expenses of the 
 masters lecturing in the Hebrew, Arabic, and Chaldean languages 
 in the University." Whether and how long these lectureships 
 or professorships were continued we do not know. Perhaps 
 until the Black Death disorganized the Universities and produced 
 a dearth even of ordinary M.A.s. At all events this item is the
 
 Xl EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 solitary evidence of any payment by Worcester Priory for the 
 education of outsiders, and was as little voluntary as any tax for 
 the Pope or the King. 
 
 In the following year, 132 1, an entry is to be found in the 
 Prior's Register which would a little while ago have been 
 interpreted as shewing the Priory of Worcester to be a nursery 
 of education. The scholars of the House of Merton, not yet 
 called a college, sent two fellows to the prior to remind him that 
 they took scholars, i.e., fellows, from Worcester among other 
 dioceses. Merton was not, of course, trying to recruit monks for 
 the monastery, but seculars. For "entering into religion" at once 
 vacated a scholarship at Merton as at all other secular colleges. 
 Still, it is rather remarkable to find the Merton fellowships thus 
 going begging and the college seeking the assistance of the prior 
 as an eminent ecclesiastic to advertize them in the diocese. 
 
 In 1335 the French Pope Benedict XII. made an effort, like 
 that of Charlemagne five centuries before, and of Wolsey and 
 Henry VIII. two centuries later, to convert the monasteries, at 
 least to some extent, into houses of learning. At the Council of 
 Vienne, Clement V. had directed the monasteries to provide for 
 the instruction of their monks in the elementary sciences. 
 Benedict confirmed this, with an express enactment that in all 
 monastic cathedral priories, or other convents or solemn places oi 
 black monks of sufficient means, a master should be kept to teach 
 the monks such elementary sciences, viz., grammar, logic and 
 philosophy. It is distinctly contemplated that there might be a 
 difficulty in finding a monk fit to do this, as provision was made 
 that if this master was not a member of the order he should be 
 provided with bread, wine and a pittance, or extra dish, daily like 
 the monks, and with clothes, shoes and a yearly salary of not 
 more than 20/. Tours (5/. of English money, equivalent to some 
 200/. a year now). If the teacher was a monk he was to have 
 10/. Tours. Further, out of every twenty monks in each house, 
 including cells, one — in other words, 5 per cent, of the whole 
 number — was to be sent to the University to study theology and 
 common law, half for each. There is no evidence that at 
 Worcester any master of the elementary sciences was provided.
 
 INTRODUCTION. xli 
 
 'ib 
 
 unless, which is possible, he was found in the chaplain who was 
 paid by the almoner from 1 342 onwards. As regards the Oxford 
 scholars, as Worcester Priory already kept two, which was all 
 that, with their number ranging from 34 to 45, though their full 
 number was 50, they were bound to do, the new statute was 
 otiose and superfluous. 
 
 In the fourteenth century we generally get the names of the 
 Worcester monk-scholars. Thus in 1336 there were three, John 
 of Evesham, W. of Birlingham, and John of Preston, with an 
 allowance of i^d. a week for their commons. In 1338 Thomas 
 de la Lee had taken Preston's place. In 1357-8 brothers Thomas 
 Cross (Cros) and Nicholas Morton received 1 ^d. a week and 5*. 
 for their blood lettings {mimicionibus'), the periodical bleedings 
 to bring them low, which mediaeval medicine thought a 
 sovereign remedy, followed by special invalid diet. In 137 1-2 
 they were John Malverne, afterwards prior, and John Hatfield. 
 But the latter continued alone till 1377, when John Grene joined 
 him. In the latter year a contribution of 33.9. io\d. was made 
 to the expenses of brother Everard, prior of Oxford, i.e., of 
 Gloucester College, when incepting in theology. This prior was 
 a rather celebrated doctor-monk who took a leading part in the 
 controversy, which arose with the mendicant friars, as to whether 
 Christ was a beggar, and he figures largely in poems of mutual 
 abuse by these professors of religion, published by the Oxford 
 Historical Society. Brother Everard, however, seems to have 
 belonged to Durham, not to Worcester. In 1369-70 there was 
 no Worcester scholar at Oxford, and from 1370 to 1373 only 
 one. In 1376, however, there were two. From that time 
 onwards two monk-scholars were regularly maintained. The 
 Cellarers contributed to them a fixed sum of 61. a year, the sum 
 of 111. for the two being usually paid, as appears from later 
 accounts, by the bailiff or collector of rents of the priory manor 
 of Blackwell. The chamberlain and the kitchener also paid 3/. a 
 year each, while the sacrist paid 4^. a year " for green wax," an 
 obscure contribution to the royal exchequer. It appears from a 
 statement drawn up in 1525 that the Cellarer's payment was for 
 bread, ale, fuel and other necessaries, the Chamberlain's for 
 
 g
 
 Xlii EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 commons and other necessary duties, and the Kitchener's for 
 meat, a luxury in which theoretically the monks were supposed 
 not to participate except on very special feasts. This last 
 payment was made by the Abbot of Oseney out of a pension he 
 had to pay to Worcester Priory from the church of Bibury, 
 which was appropriated to Oseney. The income of a scholar- 
 monk was thus 9/. a year, or i/. 6^. Sd. a year more than the 
 best endowed of the fellows of secular colleges, viz., New 
 College, who received 5/. a year stipend and commons at a 
 shillino- a week or 2/. 134'. ^d. a year. The fellows of Merton 
 received only 2/. a year stipend at first, and no other fellows 
 more than 4/. a year. The monks, therefore, were among the 
 best off of the students. Moreover, they were taken to and 
 from Oxford at the expense of the monastery, not like the secular 
 students, if they ever went home, at their own cost. 
 
 In 1382 John Dudley, the scholar, was fetched home in the 
 long cart or waggon, no doubt one of the kind of which a striking 
 picture is preserved in the Luttrell Psalter, at a cost of 5.?. 4^., 
 presumably because he was ill. For the usual method of travel- 
 ling was on horseback, as appears, e.g., in 1392 when Dudley 
 and Fordam, afterwards Prior, came to the bishop's visitation at 
 a cost of 2.y. and went back again with two horses at a cost of S^d. 
 only. Fordam was still nominally " up " in 1396, but was only 
 paid as a scholar for part of the year, because, having no doubt 
 studied canon law, he " stood at the Court of Rome and elsewhere 
 for half the year," and in 1408 he and Dudley went to Oxford 
 to destroy the opinions — and the bodies (i") — " of divers heretics 
 erring in the faith." In 1410 Fordam was fetched from Oxford 
 with two other scholar-monks, Thomas Ledbury and Richard 
 Clifton, on the death of Prior Malvern. They must have 
 travelled in state, as they came at a cost of 13,9. ^d. Fordam 
 was elected Prior, and fetching his books from Oxford cost 
 another mark. In 141 2-3 the Hostillar contributed a shilling 
 for the acquisition of new chambers at Gloucester College for the 
 scholars. In 1423 Thomas Ledbury was Prior of the (monkish) 
 students at Oxford, that is, head of Gloucester College, and as 
 such had a sad report to make to the General Benedictine Chapter
 
 INTRODUCTION. xliii 
 
 at Northampton of no less than ten great abbeys which failed to 
 send any scholars up. Among them the abbot of Evesham, 
 though himself an Oxford graduate, had not been ashamed to 
 withhold two of his scholars for two years. The offending 
 abbots were nominally fined, but their fines at once remitted on 
 promise of amendment; not kept, as appears in 1426. Ledbury 
 thanked the chapter for its generous subscriptions to the new 
 chapel at Gloucester College, and then resigned the Priorship that 
 he might attend to his own studies. Next year, 1424, the 
 Sacrist spent 23.V. Sd. in going up to Oxford for the inception of 
 Thomas Ledbury as doctor in theology, when he made the hand- 
 some contribution of 2/. to the doctor's inaugural expenses, which 
 ran up to such sums that they had to be restricted by Papal legis- 
 Ifition, often repeated, to 40/. Li 1449-50 the Cellarer himself. 
 Master Isaac Ledbury, was an Oxford scholar, and his expenses 
 going with the long cart to Oxford with his books and clothes 
 were 16^. 6d. He was the only one in residence in 1457-8, at 
 which time he was apparently Almoner of the monastery and 
 careful to record the money due to himself. On 8 October 1468 
 William Walewane, already a bachelor of theology, received from 
 the Prior special licence, revocable at pleasure, to study theology 
 at either University, receiving in money the same allowance for 
 food and other necessaries as the monks at home. On 7 February 
 1468-9 this licence was revoked, with the express consent of the 
 Prior's council. On 22 February the abbot of Eynsham wrote 
 asking that he might be allowed to receive Walwane as a monk 
 of that abbey. The Prior's letter in answer was written on 
 25 February, and on 4 March a formal record of his admission to 
 Eynsham Abbey was made. Whether this meant that the 
 Worcester monks objected to Walwane's staying any longer at the 
 University at their expense, and so he was compelled to get 
 Eynsham to take him, or whether it was a merely voluntary pre- 
 ference on his part for Eynsham because of its propinquity to 
 Oxford, does not appear. There seem to be no more special 
 items relating to the Oxford scholars from this time till the year 
 1 521. Then we find from a book which presents all the 
 Obedientiaries' accounts together, instead of as formerly in
 
 xliv EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 separate rolls for each, that the Chamberlain paid to the scholars 
 for their portions 3/., and the Kitchener, out of the pension ot 
 Bibury, also paid 3/., while the Sacrist paid 4*., according to 
 custom (pro consueiudine) for green wax. The same items are 
 repeated in the same words till 1526. There is no further 
 mention of the scholars, but there is no reason to suppose that 
 there was any cessation in the supply of them to the University 
 until the dissolution. 
 
 Their presence there is sufficient proof that some of the 
 young monks at least were educated, that is had a knowledge 
 of Latin adequate to enable them to receive a University 
 education. But by whom they were educated, and whether in 
 the monastery or outside, does not appear. It must be remem- 
 bered that at all times the largest portion of the monks went 
 into monasteries when grown up. In the twelfth century Abbot 
 Sampson of Bury and Abbot Warren of St. Albans had both 
 been educated when seculars in the Universities of Paris and 
 Salerno respectively before becoming monks. The early thirteenth- 
 century customaries of St. Augustine's, Canterbury, laid it down 
 that, " according to the Statute of Gregory IX. no one is to be 
 admitted to probation of the order who has not reached his 
 eighteenth year, unless, when he has completed his fourteenth 
 year and more [i.e., is flill fifteen years], his age is made up for 
 by his bodily strength, his common sense, or his educational 
 excellence." In the fourteenth century both St. Augustine's and 
 Westminster Abbeys went further, and expressly recorded that, 
 " though the Rule allows the oblation of boys by their parents, 
 none shall be admitted as a novice unless he is twenty, or at least 
 eighteen years old." (Bradshaw Soc, xxiii, I., 261, 399.) To 
 take some famous instances in later periods. Prior Selling of 
 Canterbury, 1472 — 1495, '^■^^ ^ fellow of All Souls' College, 
 Oxford, and had been studying Greek in Italy before he entered 
 the monastery ; Henry Holyman, Bishop of Bristol, had been a 
 scholar of Winchester and fellow of New College and B.D. 
 before becoming a monk of Reading, about 1530 ; Robert 
 Pursglove had been a scholar of St. Paul's School, London, and of 
 Corpus Christi, Oxford, before becoming a Gilbertine canon and 
 
 I
 
 INTRODUCTION. xlv 
 
 Head of that order as Prior of Sempringham, which he left in 1 540 
 to become suffragan bishop of Hull and founder of Guisborough 
 and Tideswell Grammar Schools. Even if the novices had not 
 enjoyed a University education before "entering religion," most, 
 if not all, of them had completed their school education before 
 doing so. In the twelfth century it was the failure of the Abbot 
 of St. Albans to admit as a monk the nephew, Robert, of the 
 monk William Pigun (Pigeon .''), who had been brought up at 
 his uncle's expense in St. Alban's Grammar School, which caused 
 Pigun's conspiracy against the Abbot, resulting in the tragi- 
 comic ending of the " traitor-monk " in the latrine in trying to 
 escape. So William Basing, afterwards Prior, left Merton 
 College School for Winchester, to be made a monk (^ad monachum 
 essendum) there. In the Winchester Scholars' Register a not 
 infrequent entry attached to a scholar's name is ad re/igioneiii, 
 meaning that he left to become a monk or regular canon. Even 
 if a large proportion of the whole number of monks had been 
 admitted as boys and required education in the monastery, the 
 number so requiring it in any given year must have been very 
 small. The total number of monks at Worcester in the time of 
 the Obedientiary rolls from 1290 onwards varied between thirty- 
 four and forty-five, and was usually about forty. Oddly 
 enough, there are no entries in the rolls which shew how many 
 at any time were novices. A single conversus, which probably 
 means a novice, and not, as in the Cistercian order, a lay-brother, 
 is mentioned in one or two of the accounts. But at Winchester, 
 where the total number theoretically was sixty, the rolls shew that 
 there were never more than ten " youths in school " at any one 
 time, generally only three or four, and sometimes none. Hence at 
 Worcester there could never have been more than eight novices, 
 and generally only two or three. Of these certainly a consider- 
 able proportion had been educated before they came, and had to 
 learn only from the elder monk appointed to look after the 
 novices, the rule of the order and the psalms, hymns, anthems, 
 and prayers by heart. This master does not seem to have 
 been regarded as an Obedientiary, or to have been paid ; and 
 indeed there was no reason to pay him for teaching two or
 
 xlvi EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 three novices, whether young men or boys, the rule and the 
 services. 
 
 Nor is there any trace of any master appointed under the 
 Papal statutes of 13 ii and 1335 to teach "the primitive sciences" 
 to the monks until the year 1501. Then, apparently for the 
 first time, a secular master was introduced in the person of Hugh 
 Cratford. The Prior Thomas Mildenhall and the convent, by 
 deed dated 17 Oct. 1501, give notice to all Christ's faithful 
 people that in consideration of the good and faithful service 
 rendered to them and the monastery and to be rendered as they 
 hope in future by Hugh Cratford, literate [lilleralo, equivalent to 
 the older grammntico, of which it is in fact a translation), they 
 have granted him the office or service of Instructor of the 
 brethren, in the vulgar tongue called the Schoolmaster, for life, 
 with a stipend of £^ a year payable quarterly, made up by the 
 various officers, the bulk of it, viz., 4 marks (2/. 135. 4</.) and 
 a proper chamber, being provided by the Almoner. For this he 
 was to " instruct and teach the brethren, and also " — and this is 
 noticeable — " the scholars of our Almshouse, the art of grammar 
 and logic indulgently, well and faithfully." The epithet " indul- 
 gently " is remarkable. The young monks of Worcester were 
 not going to let themselves be flogged or otherwise knocked 
 about, as schoolmasters were then in the habit of doing to their 
 pupils. Cratford was not to leave his service without the Prior's 
 special leave : but if detained by age or illness he might perform 
 his duty by deputy, whom he would have to pay. 
 
 The Almonry was the house in which lived the obedientiary 
 or officer of the monastery called the almoner (elemosinarius), a 
 monk charged with the charity of the convent. This consisted 
 chiefly in distributing the broken meats from the monks' table to 
 poor people who assembled at the gate of the monastery to 
 receive it. So in all monasteries the almoner lived close by or 
 in the outer gate of the monastery. In process of time, by special 
 endowments of pious individuals, sometimes abbots, but usually 
 lay-folk, a certain number of poor came to be permanently 
 maintained in the almoner's lodgings or almonry, and among 
 these, from the first quarter of the fourteenth century onwards,
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 xlvii 
 
 some of the greater monasteries began to maintain a certain 
 number of boys, and, as a necessary consequence, to educate 
 them. At Canterbury the first mention of such boys appears in 
 1320, at St. Albans in 1339, at Durham in 1352, at Westminster 
 in 1355 {Educational Charters, 297, 306, and f^icl. County Hist.). 
 These almonry boys, or some of them, also acted as choristers in 
 the Lady Chapel, which about this time began to be developed 
 with the development of the cult of the Virgin Mary, which 
 threatened to supersede that of Christ, and to make her almost a 
 fourth person of the Irinity. 
 
 It is possible that at Worcester some such institution was begun 
 in 1 32 1, as on 11 December of that year William of Cirencester, 
 chaplain, agreed to celebrate daily in such part of the Cathedral 
 and in such manner as should be enjoined on him, and the prior 
 and convent agreed to maintain him through the almoner, giving 
 him a loaf a day, a principal dish and pottage like the monks, 
 and a stoup of good beer. The chaplain duly appears in the 
 almoner's accounts in 1342 and successive years as " one chaplain 
 in the Almonry (/// E/emosinaria) " receiving a stipend of 365. 
 a year until 1379-80, when it became 2/. 13,9. ^d. a year. 
 A Serjeant or servant of the almonry also appears with a stipend 
 of 8*. 6f/., another 8.?. for his gown, and a penny for the maundy. 
 
 There is, however, no mention of any bovs or any poor in the 
 almonry till 1432, though boys of the Lady Chapel appear in 
 1395. The warden {cuslo-s), or master {magisler) as he is called in 
 and after 1475, of the Chapel ©f the Blessed Mary, the Lady 
 Chapel, began in 1392-3 (which is the first year in which any 
 account of his is preserved) to maintain three clerks to sing in 
 the Lady Chapel. John Hereford received 12.?. for his extras for 
 twenty-four weeks, i.e., 6d. a week, in addition to his salary of 
 i/. \2s. for three terms and five weeks, John Driffield receiving 
 i/. 3-v. 6d. for the same period, while Thomas Clerk received i/. 
 for three terms. Besides this, S.s-. was spent on stranger or 
 outside clerks (extraneos) singing in parts (organiam) at different 
 times in the hostelry or hostillar's house. Besides their salaries 
 the clerks shared between them a livery of 1 2 yards of coloured 
 cloth at 1.9. lod. a yard, while two of them were given hose, by
 
 xlviii EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 agreement, at a cost of 2*. ^d. An item of 5,?. for furs for them 
 shews that they were not mere lay-clerks, but probably real 
 clerics, and treated like the vicars choral in the secular cathedrals. 
 In 1394-5 indeed the liveries are expressly described as being of 
 the suit of the lord prior's squires or esquires (de secta armigerorum 
 domini Prions). In this year two boys of the chapel first appear, 
 liveries of i^ yards each at iSd. a yard being provided for them, 
 while their shoes for the year cost 2.v. Three clerks were paid, 
 John Hereford 30*., John Ylleway i/. 6s. dd., and William atte 
 Ree 1/. for three terms, while Ylleway was paid in addition 
 2s. ^d. for teaching the chapel boys [ad informandum pueros 
 de capella). In the following year there were only two 
 clerks, but a chaplain, a priest, who sang occasionally {per vices) 
 in the chapel, received a yard of coloured cloth. " Little 
 Parry," a chapel boy apparently, received a whole outfit, a yard 
 and a half of cloth at is. \id.\ four pairs of hose, is. Sd. ; eight 
 pairs of shoes, 2.9. ; two pairs of taryns (what are they ?), ^d. ; 
 two pairs of sleeves, ^d. ; and a shirt, 6d. ; and mending his 
 clothes at different times cost Sd. ; while Thomas the Singer's 
 son received two pairs of hose and two pairs of shoes at a cost of 
 IS. ^d. A quaint item is the making of twenty Judases and 
 painting them, presumably for a Passion Play in which the boys 
 performed. Another odd item is " ^.d. paid for parchment bought 
 for a book of part-songs, but made into an account roll instead." 
 The three clerks were more or less steadily maintained, the 
 stipends being increased in 1420 to 2/. a year, in which year two 
 clerks were imported from Lichfield on one occasion in the 
 summer at a cost of i^. ^d. But there is no further mention of 
 payments for the boys. Had they been transferred to the 
 Almonry ? The Sacrist's account for 1423-4 shews that he too 
 maintained three clerks in the church at a cost of 4/., and a hos- 
 tiarius, a door-keeper, was paid lo.v., but these were different 
 persons from the clerks of the chapel. 
 
 In 1432-3 the Almoner's accounts shew 20*. spent "on the 
 boys, carpenters, tilers, daubers, plasterers, and other workmen 
 employed in the building and repair of divers tenements belonging 
 to the Almoner's office," while beer for the same cost 36*., four
 
 INTRODUCTION. xlix 
 
 Stone of tallow candles for them 55., and cups and bowls for the 
 boys in the Almonry Sd., and 40.V. spent on the workmen, poor, 
 and boys of the Almonry, in default of the kitchen, that is, appa- 
 rently, for want of sufficient remains from the monks' meals. From 
 this time, but from this time only, the boys appear regularly in 
 the Almoner's accounts. No number is stated, and the amounts 
 expended are very small. Thus, in 1436-7 "the clerks in the 
 Almonry " figure again with carpenters, tilers, sawyers, and 
 other workmen as having 6s. 8d. expended on them for beer. In 
 1437-8 they again share with the workmen in an expenditure of 
 10.?. for bread, 13.?. 4c/. for beer, 26s. Sd. for food in default of 
 the kitchen. The boys enjoyed all to themselves 8c/. for their 
 cups and bowls. The serjeant or servant of the Almonry is 
 now called by the higher-sounding title of seneschal, though his 
 fee remains at 10.?. 
 
 No difference appears in these payments till 1475-6, when an 
 organist for the first time makes his appearance in the Chapel 
 master's account, with a salary of 2/. a year, another clerk 
 receiving only i/. The chapel-master spends 16^. ^d. on his 
 boys in default of the kitchen, and 22s. 8d. on hose, shoes and 
 other necessaries for the chapel boys. An interesting entry is 
 that of 2.5. paid for a song (^canticum), "Honor, Virtus," performed 
 in the Duke of Clarence's chapel to receive the bishop at his 
 Visitation. The account for 1480-1 shews us that the boys of 
 the chapel numbered only four. They were given liveries of 
 2 yards of cloth apiece at 2s. 6d. a yard, lining and making them 
 costing 4.?. more. The cost of their food rose to 30*. In 
 1483-4 there were five boys, and the cost of food again rose to 
 46*. 8d. Were these boys the same as those lodged in the 
 almonry, for whose oatmeal porridge in 1482-3 2s. 8d. was 
 paid .'' 
 
 In 1486-7 the boys of the almonry are called scholars, and 
 the almoner makes the following payments : 3,?. for cheese 
 for the scholars " in default of victuals," i.e., from the refectory, 
 on one occasion, and ^d. on another ; half an ox for the scholars 
 at Advent, 2*. ; victuals for a breakfast for the scholars yid., 
 at another time 4c/. ; expenses of the scholars on St. Wolstan's 
 
 h
 
 1 EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 day, 2d. ; expenses of the almonry scholars, 6d. ; two bushels of 
 pease for the scholars, yd.; a bed for the boys, i2d. Did they 
 all four or five sleep in one bed ? At Wells [V.C.H. Somerset, 
 ii., 442) Bishop Beckington's statutes of 1460 for the choristers 
 contemplated their sleeping three in a bed, the middle one with 
 his head at the foot of the bed and his feet between the heads of 
 the two others. There were besides " Expenses of the Inn 
 (hospicii), i.e., the almoner's house, on the scholars and others, 
 3«. ; expenses of the scholars another time, 2s." It seems certain 
 that these scholars were the same as the chapel-boys, in regard to 
 whom in 1489-90 John Hampton, who had succeeded Richard 
 Greene as organist in 1483-4 with the enhanced salary of 
 61. 135. 46?., now appears in the chapel master's account as 
 " Organist and Instructor of the boys of the Blessed Mary's 
 chapel," with a salary of 8/. The " eatables and drinkables " of 
 the boys cost il. 6s. 8d. ; their necessaries, viz., shoes, hose, shirts 
 and bed-clothes, i/., and their cloth for gowns 2/., which would 
 point to an increase in the number of boys to ten or twelve. 
 The almoner's account for the same year points to a similar 
 increase, a whole bullock instead of half an ox being bought for the 
 boys and other strangers for 8*., at Advent apparently, though 
 this is not specifically stated, while other butchers supplied 
 a quarter of an ox for is. Sd., and another time beef cost 3^. Two 
 pigs were bought for 45. 4c?., and a cask of red herrings for Lent 
 for 6s. 8(/., and pike called gray (picis vocaiis gray) — or does it 
 menn piscibus, fish called gray, i.e., graylings.'' — is. 6d. Cheese 
 at Bridgenorth Fair cost 8*., and milk for the almonry boys 
 6*. Sd. A play was played at Christmas, not by the boys, but 
 by professional strolling players Qusoribus) at a cost of %d. 
 
 In 1498-9 the boys must have been fiirther increased, as a 
 whole ox was bought by the almoner for 13.?. 40?., 6 pigs for i6s., 
 salt and oatmeal for y. ^d., three quarters of pease for 12s., fuel 
 for 24^., while cheese, butter, eatables, and other necessaries for 
 the boys and prisoners — from the 1490 account, when ^s. 8f/. was 
 spent on the prisoners, it may be gathered that the latter were in 
 the bishop's prison — cost 5/. 10^. ^.d. Table-cloths and napkins 
 were made, at a cost of 2d, for sewing, from 8 yards of linen at
 
 INTRODUCTION. li 
 
 4^. a yard. The laundress was paid is. 4c/. The boys' com- 
 munion on Easter Eve cost 2s. 6d. No less than i ylb. of wax 
 at 9^. lid. and two-pennyworth of wick-yarn was bought for 
 candles. Lastly, now appears a schoolmaster. " Paid for the 
 table of Hugh Cratford, Schoolmaster {inagister scolarum) this 
 year i/." The boys' clothes were paid for by the chapel-master. 
 For in his account for 1 500-1 16 yards of cloth for the boys at 
 2s. Sd. a yard cost 2/. 2*., so that if i^ yards were allowed for 
 each boy there were ten of them. The first appearance of a 
 schoolmaster is soon after signalized by the formal deed of 
 appointment, 17 October 1501, of Hugh Cratford already men- 
 tioned, he having been already tested and rendered faithful service 
 as such since 1498. It is unfortunate that no number either of 
 the young brethren or of the almonry scholars whom he was 
 to teach is mentioned. In 1504-5 the almoner's account shews 
 him duly paying Cratford 2/. 135. ^d. for his salary. 
 
 The fact that the Almonry boys were now definitely regarded 
 as making a school is marked by the entry of gratuities to the 
 clerks — here as often the word " clerks " being used interchange- 
 ably with " scholars " — of the Almonry for cocks on the Feast of 
 the Carnival (Shrove Tuesday), 2.?. The antiquity and univer- 
 sality of this cock-throwing or cock-fighting for schools on Shrove 
 Tuesday are remarkable. It is mentioned alike as prevailing in 
 the London schools of St. Paul's, St. Martin's, and St. Marj^-le- 
 Bow when Becket was a boy in 11 18, and in an essay on it by 
 the Headmaster of Winchester in 1564. The provisions for 
 the boys included a cask of red herrings at Advent, 6s. 8d. ; 
 salt fish to supply the default of the kitchen in Lent, 4.?. 6d. ; 
 victuals from Christmas to Shrove Tuesday, 8,?. ; while beer 
 bought in the town, for lack presumably of the Cellarer's pro- 
 vision, cost 12^. Divers bakers of the city were paid 5/. for 
 loaves of bread, besides 2/. 16.?. paid for six quarters of wheat and 
 three quarters of pulse bought in the market. Beef, mutton, and 
 veal for the boys of the Almonry in default of the kitchen cost 
 2/. 135. 4.d. 
 
 Cratford continued as Almonry schoolmaster for only three 
 years. On 9 June 1504, as Hugh Cratford, B.A., he was
 
 lii EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 appointed by Bishop Sylvester de Giglis " master and governor 
 of our school in our city of Worcester," as well by the 
 bishop's own authority as by that of Master Thomas Alcok, 
 LL.D., Archdeacon of Worcester, to whom the nomination of 
 the schoolmaster there by law and custom belonged. The deed 
 of appointment ended with an inhibition against anyone, of 
 whatsoever degree or condition he might be, in any way prac- 
 tising the teaching of grammar in the city to Hugh's prejudice, 
 on pain of excommunication. There can be little doubt that this 
 inhibition was aimed at the Prior and monks to prevent their 
 repeating the experiment of appointing a Grammar Schoolmaster 
 to keep a school in the Almonry, which would inevitably become 
 a rival, and probably a formidable rival, to the ancient City School. 
 The inhibition seems to have been effective, as we hear no more 
 of any grammar school in the Almonry. Cratford himself retained 
 friendly relations with the Priory. He is mentioned in 1506-7 
 as being paid 10.?. for holding a manorial court on one of the 
 Almonry manors. The schoolmasters of the Middle Ages were 
 generally lawyers as well, having mostly, like Waynflete, the 
 Headmaster of Winchester and Provost of Eton, studied canon 
 and civil law rather than theology. Cratford also acted as notary 
 public of the bishop's Consistory Court, which on 11 July 151 1 
 (^Noake, p. 211) tried WiUiam Smyth, alias Peynter, presumably 
 a painter, of Ombersley, for heresy in not reckoning St. Paul as 
 an apostle. He also appears in the statement drawn up in 15 14-5 
 of the fixed charges on the office of the Cellarer as receiving i/, a 
 year from him, but his pay is not mentioned among the fixed charges 
 on the Almoner, though among them is included 61. 13,?. ^d. for 
 the food of the clerks of the Almonry and workmen. In the 
 book started in 1520, instead of rolls, which gave a summary 
 of the obedientiaries' accounts, i/. for the schoolmaster for the 
 convent (Magistro scolarum pro conuentu) is included among the 
 almoner's fixed charges, together with 5/. 13*. ^d. for food for 
 the clerks of the almonry and others, gentlemen, coming during 
 the year. Probably this payment is for the almonry boys being 
 sent to the City Grammar School to learn Latin. Cratford is 
 probably the person of the same name who in 1544 appears in
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 liii 
 
 the first extant receiver's account of the new cathedral establish- 
 ment as lessee of the rectory of St. Peter's, Worcester. It is 
 possible that he retained the school mastership of the City School 
 till the new Cathedral Grammar School was established in i 540. 
 He was, to judge from analogy, not more than 21 or 22 in 1501. 
 While the chapel master's charges after 1504 no longer 
 include the schoolmaster, they continue to include the stipend of 
 John Hampton, the organist and song schoolmaster, amounting 
 to 8/. 35. 4^., specifying the various items of which it was 
 composed, the stipends of two singing clerks, and 10/. 6.y. 8(/. for 
 the clothing of the boys of the chapel, 14.V. for their hose and 
 other necessaries, 2/. 13*-. ^d. for food for them, and 3*. 4r/. for 
 fuel and tallow candles, while the tomb-keeper regularly expended 
 3.9. 4f/. on a breakfast to John Hampton and the chapel boys on 
 St. Wolstan's day. These payments continue till Daniel Boys 
 succeeded Hampton. His deed of appointment appears in tiie 
 Prior's Register as " charter of Daniel Boys for the office 
 of organ-player (pro officio de le Organe-player) " dated 3 Feb- 
 ruary 1522. In the body of the deed it is called "the office 
 or service of Organ-player and Syngyngman." The pay was 
 the same as that of his predecessor. He received the same 
 weekly allowance of fourteen monks' loaves, in English " white 
 monkes loues," and four " gustatus, Anglice gists of ale " of 
 the best gists which the monks drink, valued in the accounts at 
 4/. 6s. Sd. a. year, cloth for a gown of the gentlemen's suit or 
 i6s., and 2/. ijs. 4c?. in cash, viz., i/. 4^. from the cellarer, 
 i/. 3*. 4c?. from the sacrist, and 10.?. from the chapel master. 
 For this he was to keep a mass of Our Lady daily in the Lady 
 Chapel with song, plain, broken, and harmonized [canficis plants, 
 fractis el organis), and on Friday mass of the Name of Jesus, 
 to attend the choir on all principal feasts, and to instruct and teach 
 eight boys of the chapel plain and broken song, particularly for 
 the masses of Our Lady, Name of Jesus and principal feasts and 
 the antiphons observed daily, and similarly in Lent. If any of 
 the chapel boys wanted to learn descant or playing the organ. 
 Boys was to teach him for a fee of a shilling a quarter. He was 
 also to have the nomination of one of the eight boys. Boys
 
 liv EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 appears in the accounts to 1525, when the book of accounts came 
 to an end, and in a statement made of the liveries given by the 
 Cellarer in 1529. The schoolmaster (unnamed) also figures in 
 that year as receiving a gown from the Cellarer. The Organist 
 and Instructor of the chapel boys were all that was needed for the 
 instruction of the chapel choristers, and the perhaps half-dozen 
 others, probably probationer choristers, in the Almonry. 
 
 As for the young monks, by 1535 there was no Schoolmaster 
 provided for them. For when Archbishop Cranmer held a 
 metropolitical visitation of the Cathedral Priory, and on 22 Feb. 
 1534-5 issued injunctions respecting "things discovered at the 
 visitation worthy of reformation," the fifth of them was an 
 order for the Prior to keep at the cost of the monastery a 
 gentleman (virum honestum) sufficiently learned in the science of 
 grammar to teach the junior monks ; and he was to be continually 
 resident and teach them grammar every day at proper hours, 
 places and seasons. 
 
 A return was made in 1535 of the property of the Priory 
 for the Valor Ecclesiasticus, the valuation made of all eccle- 
 siastical property, to ascertain the tenths payable to the Crown 
 in lieu of the payments hitherto made to the Pope — not, 
 as is sometimes absurdly alleged, made with a view to the 
 dissolution of monasteries, since Henry can have had no idea 
 of dissolving them then, and the return applied to all ecclesiastical 
 property, to secular colleges, bishoprics and parish priests as well 
 as to monasteries. From this return the total income of the 
 Priory was ascertained to be 1,385/., a sum inadequately repre- 
 sented by 41,550/. of our money. Of this, the total charitable 
 expenditure was 64/. i6s. lod. a year, of which 30/. 15*-. ^d. was 
 for educational charity, in the shape of ninety-eight loaves 
 " called monke lovys," worth i^. 2d. each, and nine yeomen's 
 paste loaves, worth a penny each, and eighty gallons of beer at a 
 penny a gallon, given weekly to fourteen poor scholars of the 
 Almonry. No mention is made of any payment for a school- 
 master for them, though it certainly would have been mentioned 
 if one was provided, as the bread and beer are included among 
 payments which were allowed to be deducted from the gross
 
 INTRODUCTION. Iv 
 
 income in estimating the clear income, on which the tenths were 
 taxed. Three poor ministers daily celebrating masses with three 
 tenements in which they lived, costing i/. lo*. 8(/. a year, were 
 duly mentioned and allowance made for them. 
 
 The Archbishop's injunction for the provision of a school- 
 master remained a dead letter. For when Bishop Hugh Latimer 
 visited "the Prior of Seint Marye howse and the Covent of the 
 same " two years later, he found, as he states in his injunctions of 
 20 Oct. 1537, " the ignorance and negligence of divers religious 
 persons in this monastery" to be " intollerable and not to be 
 suffered." He therefore required them to read the Bible and 
 New Testament in English and have a lecture in English and 
 added in Injunction " 8, Item that youe have a continuall scol- 
 master sufficiently lernide to teache yowe grammer." 
 
 After this exposition of the facts, it is to be hoped that we 
 may hear no more, at Worcester at least, as in Noalce's history, 
 of how the monks " educated youth " and how the monasteries 
 were " the schools .... of Christian society." Noake's further 
 romance as to how the " Magister Capellae enriched the intellects 
 of the novices in the Lady Chapel " shews the slender basis — in 
 this case the mere name of " master," though used in a quite 
 different and much commoner sense than that of " schoolmaster " — 
 on which these legends of monastic learning are founded. The 
 fact is that, except for the six years from 1498 to 1504, the 
 Priory did not even attempt anything for the general education 
 of anyone outside its own members, and only for the last 
 century of its existence provided for the musical and probably 
 elementary reading instruction of from four to fourteen choristers 
 or page boys. Its educational activity was confined to instructing 
 its three or four novices in the Rule, and such preliminary learning 
 of Latin as they had not acquired before entering the monastery, 
 and in maintaining from about 1280 to 1540 two monks as 
 students at Gloucester College, Oxford. 
 
 Very different, at all events at first, was the relation to 
 education of the Cathedral when King Henry VIII. and Cranmer 
 reversed the reactionary action of King Edgar and Saints Dunstan 
 and Oswald, ousted the monks, and restored the secular canons,
 
 Ivi EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 who had been ousted for the monks 600 years before. On 
 16 January 1540, Prior Henry Holbeche, alias Randes, and 
 thirty-three monks surrendered the " monastrie and priorie " 
 to the Crown. A year later, the Cathedral was refounded 
 by letters patent of 24 January 1541, and by further patent was 
 endowed with the old endowment ; — for a dean, ten canons or 
 prebendaries, ten minor or sub-canons, a deacon and sub-deacon 
 as Gospeller and Pisteler, or readers of the Gospel and Epistle 
 respectively, eight singing men, an organist or teacher of the 
 choristers, ten choristers, two schoolmasters, forty scholars, 
 twelve university exhibitioners, and ten bedesmen : a total of 
 105 persons instead of fifty-four. For though the monks may 
 have been nominally fifty in number, during the period of our 
 records, there were never more than forty-five, often below forty, 
 and generally not more than forty monks in it, with for the last 
 century four to fourteen boys in the almonry. Instead of at the 
 outside only eighteen persons educated or engaged in education in 
 the monastery, there were in the new cathedral sixty-five ; more 
 than the whole of the pre-Reformation establishment. Moreover, 
 education was now made a prominent duty and permanent part 
 of the institution. Statutes, drawn up in 1541, were only 
 actually given at Worcester by the king's commissioners Nicholas 
 Heath, bishop of Worcester, George Day, bishop of Chichester, 
 and Richard Cox, archdeacon of Ely, ex-headmaster of Eton (and 
 afterwards under Elizabeth, bishop of Ely), on 31 July 1544. 
 They are in the same terms as those for Canterbury and other 
 cathedrals, mutatis mutandis only in number and figures. The 
 preamble recites that, " whereas it had seemed good to King and 
 Parliament for grave enormities and other just causes to suppress 
 the monasteries and convert them to better uses, and thinking it 
 more conformable to God's will and most for the benefit of the 
 Christian Commonwealth that where ignorance and superstition 
 reigned, there the true worship of God should flourish, and the 
 Gospel be diligently and purely set forth, and further, that for 
 the increase of the Christian Faith and piety the youth of the 
 realm should be instructed in good letters and poor for ever 
 maintained," instead of the monasteries the king erected cathedral
 
 INTRODUCTION. IvTl 
 
 and collegiate churches. The statutes then proceed to set out 
 the duties and salaries of the various members of the foundation. 
 The main duty of the dean and canons was that of hospitality. 
 " We know that the virtue of hospitality is by far the most 
 grateful to God, and so in order that the dean and canons of our 
 church may the more easily exercise it, we decree and ordain that 
 the dean shall receive every year 32/. 195. id. for the body of 
 his deanery ; and every canon for the body of his prebend 
 7/. 6s. 8rf." ; with 5.y. 6d. a day for the dean, and %d. a day for 
 each canon when resident or statutably absent. The dean and 
 canons were expected to maintain private houses, and in them 
 keep more or less open house on a substantial scale, while the 
 other members of the church were not expected to exercise 
 hospitality, but, on the contrary, to receive it. 
 
 The school was not, as alleged by Mr. Toulmin Smith in 
 English Guilds, p. 203, for the sake of making a point against 
 Henry VIII., " founded out of some fragments of the precious 
 ecclesiastical plunder .... for forty scholars only " any more than 
 Winchester and Eton are now or were then for seventy scholars 
 only. Instead of " some fragments of the precious plunder " only 
 being given, the cathedral was endowed with the whole of the 
 ancient possessions of the Priory, with a considerable addition 
 from the endowments of Evesham and Pershore, chiefly churches 
 in or in the immediate neighbourhood of Worcester. The school 
 was to be a Public School for all who chose to come. Chapter 26 
 of the Statutes " of the grammar boys and their masters " says 
 " that piety and good letters may ever bud, grow, flower and in time 
 bear fruit for the glory of God and the benefit and adornment of 
 the Commonwealth, we decree that there shall be ever in our church 
 forty boys, poor and destitute of the help of friends, maintained 
 out of the possessions of our church, of native talent so far as may 
 be, apt for learning." But the forty were a minimum number of 
 endowed free scholars, not the maximum number of the whole 
 school. On the contrary, the masters were expressly directed to 
 teach " not only the forty boys of our church, but all others 
 whatever that come to our school to learn grammar." Like Eton 
 and Westminster, while a limited number was wholly maintained
 
 Iviii EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 out of the endowment, there might be an unlimited number of 
 commoners, oppidans or Town boys, all who chose to come. The 
 Headmaster [Archididascalus) was to be learned in Latin and 
 Greek. The Usher (^Hi/podidasca/us) was required only to be 
 learned in Latin, his fiinction being " to teach the rudiments 
 under the Chief Teacher." The Foundation Scholars were to be 
 between nine and fifteen years old when admitted, unless they had 
 been choristers of the cathedral or of the chapel royal, who were 
 admissible when their voices broke. They were to be clever and 
 apt to learn, and could not be appointed until they could read and 
 write and were " meanly learned," as the chantry certificates say, 
 " mediocriter docti," the same words as are prescribed for the fel- 
 lows of All Souls', fairly proficient in the rudiments of grammar. 
 While the minor canons received lo/., the deacon and sub- 
 deacon 8/., the lay clerks 61. 135. ^d. a year, the Headmaster of 
 the Grammar School was to receive 15/. 2s., the Master of the 
 choristers 11/. 13.?. 8^., and the Under Master of Grammar 
 61. 5^. lOf/., each grammar boy is. 8d., and chorister 15.S. For 
 all these a Common Table was to be provided at the cost of the 
 foundation, with cooks, butlers, manciple or caterer, and servants 
 paid by the Chapter, commons being furnished at the rate of 
 4^. 8d. a month or i^. id. a week — an increase of only id. 
 a week on the rate contemplated by William of Wykeham 
 at New College in 1400 — for the Headmaster and Minor 
 Canons, which added another 2/. 16.J. a year to their pay. 
 Moreover, they had liveries, the Headmaster and Minor Canons 
 an allowance of four yards of cloth at 5^. a yard for their 
 gowns, while the Usher, Epistoler and Gospeller received 
 three yards at 4^. 6d. a yard, and the Grammar Scholars 
 and Choristers two and a half yards at 35. ^d. a yard. So 
 the total pay of the Headmaster was 18/. 18^., of the Minor 
 Canons 13/., and of the Usher 10/. a year, without any of the 
 charge of entertainment expected from the canons. As a 
 matter of fact, however, at Worcester the common table was 
 never established, though a special Injunction was given by 
 Queen Elizabeth's visitors in 1569, who recited that it never 
 had been set up, for its establishment. Instead, from the first
 
 INTRODUCTION. lix 
 
 extant account the Dean and Canons were paid the full sum of 
 133/. 6*. 8d. and 20/. a year as if they were never absent, while 
 the Minor Canons were paid 10/., the Headmaster 20/., the 
 Usher 10/. a year, and the Grammar boys and choristers 
 2/. 13.V. 4f/. It is not clear whether they received any money 
 tor liveries as well. If not, already the chapter as the governing 
 body interpreted the statutes to their own advantage as compared 
 with that of the other members, and especially also from very 
 early days, if not from the first, shared the fines for renewal of 
 leases, which ultimately became the largest part of the income. 
 
 The Headmaster was thus to occupy the same position that he 
 did in the old secular cathedrals ; after the canons, but before the 
 Vicars Choral or minor canons; and much the same as in colleges 
 like Winchester and Eton, between the Warden or Provost, who 
 corresponded to and wore the dress of canons, and the fellows 
 who wore the dress of the vicars choral or minor canons. The 
 Under Master also occupied the same sort of position, being next 
 below the minor canons. The misfortune, from the point of 
 view of educational endowment, was, that the statutes of the new 
 foundation did not make the Head and Under Masters members 
 of the governing body as the later imitators of Winchester and 
 Eton had done, like archbishop Chicheley at the college of Higham 
 Ferrers, bishop Stiilingfleet at the college of Acaster, and arch- 
 bishop Rotherham at Rotherham college, in all which cases the 
 masters of the grammar and song schools, and in the two last the 
 master of the mathematical or writing school as well, were made 
 fellows and not merely officers of the college. Had this been 
 done, the endowment of the schools would have been increased 
 with the rise in the value of the endowment and the fall in the 
 value of money, as it was in the case of the Dean and Chapter. 
 The masters were paid only the amounts mentioned by 
 Henry VIII., with to the masters some minute increase, until the 
 Ecclesiastical Commissioners Act, 1866, and Endowed Schools 
 Act, 1869, enabled the Endowed Schools and Charity Commis- 
 sioners to put pressure on the Ecclesiastical Commissioners to 
 provide considerable, though still inadequate and by no means 
 proportionate, augmentations out of the suppressed canonries.
 
 Ix EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 The masters were able to make up their incomes, as will be 
 seen, to some degree, by holding livings and minor canonries, and 
 later by tuition fees from non-foundationers ; but the scholars, 
 kept at 2/. 135. 4^. to the middle of the nineteenth century, were 
 entirely deprived of the benefit really intended by the founder, 
 and more or less actually enjoyed by the scholars of Winchester 
 and Eton, of complete maintenance, and were reduced to a mere 
 pittance. 
 
 A final statute, Chapter 40 " of the School and Classes and 
 the order to be kept in it," which never appears in the ordinary 
 editions of Cathedral Statutes, laid down detailed school laws. 
 There were to be five or six classes, of which the Usher was to 
 teach the three lowest, the Headmaster the rest. The test of 
 admission was laid down more in detail, as being able to read 
 quickly and knowing by heart the Lord's Prayer, the Ave Maria, 
 the Apostles' Creed and the Ten Commandments. Those wholly 
 ignorant of grammar were to learn the accidence of nouns and 
 verbs as an extra class {extra ordinem) before admission to the 
 first or lowest class. In this they were to learn the rudiments in 
 English, to put together the parts of speech into sentences, and 
 turn a short phrase of English into Latin. In Class II. they 
 •were to master the genders of nouns and the inflections of Latin 
 verbs ; and read Cato, the pseudo-Cato's Moralia, a collection 
 of trite moral sayings in hexameter verse, iEsop's Fables and 
 some Familiar Colloquies : such, e.g., as Erasmus and Luis Vives 
 wrote. In Class III. in grammar they were to know the 
 irregular verbs and every inflection. The books were Terence, 
 the Eclogues of Mantuanus, and "other things of that kind." 
 Mantuanus was not Virgil, as Mr. Andrew Lang thought, but 
 a later inhabitant of Mantua, a friar, who about 1499 wrote some 
 Latin eclogues intended to eclipse his predecessor's as school 
 books by reason of their virtuous morals and greater propriety, 
 though some of the proprieties of the friar would rather startle 
 the young person of the present day. Shakespeare had appa- 
 rently read him at the Grammar School of Stratford-on-Avon, as 
 he makes Holofernes the Schoolmaster in Love's Labour Lost 
 quote the first line, " Fauste, precor gelida quando pecus omne
 
 INTRODUCTION. hti 
 
 sub umbra Ruminat," and dubs him the " good old Mantuan." 
 So much for " the Usher's Forms." 
 
 In Form IV. the boys were to get a ready knowledge of 
 syntax and to be practised in poetic stories and familiar letters. 
 The Fifth Form advanced to figures of speech, verse making and 
 themes in prose, reading the chastest poets and the best historians. 
 Lastly, in the Sixth, they were to learn Erasmus' Copia verborum, 
 to make varyings on the parts of speech, and to digest Horace, 
 Cicero, "and other authors of that class." No Greek authors are 
 mentioned. This was the case also with Wolsey's statutes for 
 Ipswich College School in 1528, and the curricula of Winchester 
 and Eton as sent to Saffron Walden in i 530, though in each of these 
 schools there were not six but seven forms. The Headmaster 
 was apparently expected to know Greek, but was not expected to 
 teach it. 
 
 In the new establishment the monks of the monastery were 
 very handsomely treated. The last Prior, Henry Holbeche, 
 became the first Dean, and in 1 544 bishop of Rochester. The sub- 
 prior, John Laufferne or Lawarne, and the three monks who had 
 taken degrees in theology, Roger Neckham, a D.D. (he had become 
 D.D. while a secular, and was master of the Carnary in 1535, so 
 that his monkhood was of short duration), Stanford and Webley, 
 B.D.'s, became canons, nine of them became minor canons and 
 two others Gospeller and Epistolar, so that half of them remained 
 on the spot as members of the new foundation. Whether, as at 
 Canterbury, any of the junior monks or novices were placed 
 among the scholars of the Grammar School or the University 
 cannot be ascertained in the absence of any earlier account than 
 that for 1543-4. 
 
 The school probably opened in January 1542. For the first 
 master was appointed by a letter of Henry VIII. to Sir Richard 
 Rich', afterwards Lord Audley, then Chancellor of the Court of 
 Augmentations, which managed the property of dissolved houses 
 belonging to the Crown, dated 7 December 1541. " Calling to 
 our remembrance," says the King, " that our cathedrall churche 
 at Worcester shall be shortly established and ministers and other 
 officers therein appointed," he advertises the chancellor that " he
 
 Ixii EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 has heard from several of his chaplains that John Pether is, both 
 for his learning and also for his sobriety, very meet and apt to be 
 appointed schoolmaster in some cathedral or collegiate church to 
 be newly erected," and so " we have nominated and appointed 
 John Pether scolemaster of our said cathedrall churche to exercise 
 and enjoy the same roome with the yearly salary and other duties 
 thereunto belonging during our pleasure." The chancellor was 
 directed to cause Pether to be admitted at once, whether any one 
 else had already been appointed or not. We find accordingly in 
 the first extant account of the Dean, acting as Receiver-General 
 of the Chapter, in 1 543-4, " John Pethers (misread by Noake, 
 p. 457, into " Pitcher"), Teacher or Pedagogue of the School," 
 paid 20/. for the year. He may be safely identified with John 
 Pether who took his B.A. degree at Oxford 20 April 1537, 
 supplicated for his IM.A. degree in October of the same year, was 
 a fellow of Exeter in 1538, "and probably before" (C. W. 
 Boase, Register of Exeter College, p. 35), and resigned — no 
 doubt because of his appointment to Worcester — on 6 March 
 1 541-2. The fact that he was a fellow of so distinguished 
 a college shews that the status of the Cathedral Grammar 
 School was intended to be as high as that of the old Schools 
 of Winchester and Eton, while the salary was twice that paid 
 there. 
 
 It will be noticed that the forty scholars who were admitted 
 at the same time included a considerable proportion of scions 
 of the county families, such as Lygon, Folliott, Coningsby. The 
 "poor boys destitute of the help of their friends" was interpreted 
 by the commissioners, and no doubt intended by the king, 
 to be interpreted in the same way as " the poor and destitute 
 boys who without help could not be sent to the Universities " of 
 William of Wykeham at Winchester and Henry VI. at Eton. 
 They were the younger and poorer sons of the country gentry and 
 city upper and middle classes, not, as sometimes absurdly misre- 
 presented, of the working classes, whom no one then contem- 
 plated getting a secondary education at all. The passage from 
 Strype's Life of Cranmer shewing the opposition provoked by his 
 placing a ploughman's son among the first scholars of Canterbury
 
 INTRODUCTION. IxUl 
 
 Cathedral School is given in the text to shew how great an inno- 
 vator that Reformer was in departing from " gentlemen's sons 
 and other good men's sons thereabout," as Sir John Percival 
 defined those for whom he founded Macclesfield Grammar 
 School in 1502. 
 
 Of the twelve University students it is noticeable that three 
 were already fellows of All Souls' College, and a fourth very 
 soon after became one, viz., Edward Crattord, who was probably 
 a near relation, if not son of Hugh Cratford, the ex-master of the 
 Almonry and City Grammar Schools; William Johnson, M.A. in 
 1 546 ; Valentine Dale, who became a B.C.L. of Oxford, LL.D. 
 of Orleans, held various livings under Edward VI., sought safety 
 as an advocate and M.P. under Mary, became LL.D. of Cam- 
 bridge under Elizabeth, and ambassador, M.P., Dean of Wells 
 and Judge of the Admiralty Court. The fourth, Nicholas 
 Bullingham, became B.C.L. of Oxford, fled to the Continent 
 under Mary, became LL.D. of Cambridge under Elizabeth, and 
 after being bishop of Lincoln returned to Worcester as bishop. 
 
 The first usher was Walter Graver or Graner — the confusion 
 of "u" and "n" makes it doubtful which — who may be identified 
 with a Cambridge man of the name who took a B.A. degree in 
 1535-6, being allowed eleven, instead of twelve terms, during 
 which he had attended ordinary lectures to enable him " to 
 answer to the question," i.e., become a bachelor. He stayed a 
 very short time, as Richard Alen appears as usher in the second 
 account, 1545-6. 
 
 The School suffered a severe blow in this year. Henry VIIL 
 repented of the provision made for divinity scholars at the 
 University in all the new Cathedral foundations, and at Worcester 
 as in other places the Chapter had to give back to the King some 
 of their possessions in return for being released from their main- 
 tenance. Of course the existing scholars had not been in the 
 school, but had been nominated by the Crown. A deed was 
 executed surrendering the manors of Alveston and Tydyngton in 
 Warwickshire, Icomb and the rectories of Dodderhill and Lench- 
 wyke in Worcestershire, and purports to be dated 20 March 
 1545. But, as appears from a subsequent certificate of the Court
 
 Ixiv EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 of Augmentations, the deed was prepared by that Court and sent 
 down ready dated, and was not actually executed by the Chapter 
 till the following May. Consequently, the receipts from these 
 manors at Lady Day were held over as a debt due from the 
 Chapter until they obtained a discharge, dated 27 June 1552, from 
 the Court. Notwithstanding this, the Chapter were " wasted and 
 consumed with contynuall and chardgeable suytes," as they 
 informed the Court of Exchequer in a petition of 10 October 
 1595, addressed to Sir William Peryam, Lord Chief Baron 
 (Hist. MS. Com. Rep. XIV., app. viii., p. 185), whom Noake 
 (p. 455) transforms into Veryam, though they were not "bound 
 under Reformation of the Court to maintain anie students in 
 Oxford and Cambridge .... as is pretended." 
 
 In a Chapter minute of 25 November 1545 a list of the 
 king's scholars then in the school is given. In it five of them 
 are treated as being of the dean's appointment, and three each of 
 the other canons respectively, and it was arranged that new 
 scholars were to be appointed in the same way, with a proviso 
 that the appointor was to give the preference to a chorister, if 
 a fit one wanted a scholarship. The list was headed by Richard 
 Alen, presumably a son of the usher — it could hardly be the 
 usher himself, in whose place on 10 April Thomas Dockyng 
 was " admitted on of the Kynge's Scolers in the Gramer 
 Scole." Grammar School or Free Grammar School was the title 
 generally given to the school until the eighteenth century, when 
 it came to be called the College School or the Cathedral 
 School. The title of King's School is never used in official 
 documents until the end of the eighteenth century, though Dean 
 Hickes called it so in an informal letter about 1686. 
 
 A dispute, the cause of which is not stated, very soon arose 
 with the masters, and " monicions " were given to both by the 
 chapter. Noake (p. 457) conjectures that the monition to "one 
 Mr. Pitcher," as he miscalls the poor man, was " because the 
 Archodidascalus [sic] sympathised with the fallen dynasty and 
 taught the young idea more respect for the English than the 
 foreign Pope." But as Pether had, as we saw, been appointed 
 by Henry VIII. himself this was not very likely, especially as
 
 INTRODUCTION. IxV 
 
 the bishop was Nicholas Heath, who in Mary's reign was a 
 Romanizer. As there seems to be every reason to think that 
 John Pether the master is the same person as John Pedor, 
 who became the first Protestant Dean under Elizabeth and 
 is recorded as having fled abroad during Mary's reign, if 
 religion did enter into the matter, it was in precisely the oppo- 
 site way to that supposed by Noake. Probably the moni- 
 tion was due to nothing more than a disagreement between 
 master and usher, and the usher was threatened with dismissal. 
 In point of fact both remained in office, as they appear in the 
 Treasurer's Account to Michaelmas 1 547, and another Richard 
 Alen was named by the dean as a king's scholar on 4 November 
 in the latter year. Testimony to the efficiency of the school is 
 given in 1548 by the note to the certificate as Court of Aug- 
 mentations saying the Trinity Gild School was not "of any 
 purpos " as there " is one other," the Cathedral Grammar 
 School, " of the Kinges foundacion." 
 
 It seems probable that Richard Alen the usher was the 
 Richard Alen who, as churchwarden of St. Michael's-in-Bed- 
 wardine — the church just across the road on the north side of 
 the cathedral, now disused and converted into an episcopal record 
 office — rendered his " accompt " in 1549 for the first and second 
 years of the reign of Edward VI., and with Richard Fisher, the 
 choristers' master and organist, was elected one of the " Six 
 men" of the parish in 1550 and 1551, and was one of the 
 debtors to the church in respect of 20*. of the church money 
 lent to him by way of investment in 1553 to 1555. Whether 
 he was also the same person of the name at whose house the 
 parishioners drank in 1569 and who was " churche guardyane " 
 in 1579 is more doubtful. At all events he had then long 
 ceased to be usher. 
 
 The headmaster fled to the continent on the accession of 
 Mary, if he is to be identified with John Pedor, whose epitaph, 
 written by Dean Arthur Lake (1608 — 16) and placed in what 
 was called the Dean's Chapel, describes him as " fifth dean, but 
 first to preach the true faith restored by Queen Elizabeth." 
 The monumeiit with the inscription was actually removed In 
 
 k
 
 Ixvi EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 1678 to make room for a placenting inscription to one 
 Mrs. Frances Moystyne or Mostyn, who died at Worcester on 
 her way to visit some relations in Wales. It has altogether 
 disappeared. 
 
 Noake gives Roger Golborne as master "about 1555" 
 without stating his authority. As no Chapter Act Book or 
 Treasurers' Accounts for the year 1549 to 1557 are to be found, 
 this statement remains unverifiable. A Roger Colborne was one 
 of the University Exhibitioners in 1543 — 52. If he was master 
 he stayed a very short time. 
 
 The account for Michaelmas 1557 to Michaelmas 1558 gives 
 [blank] Bradshawe as master and leaves a blank for the name of 
 the usher. From an entry of 25 Nov. 1557 in the Chapter Act 
 Book it would almost appear that the school had ceased under 
 Mary's regime, as if she intended to restore the monks at 
 Worcester as she actually did at Westminster, though there the 
 school went on even under the monks. Otherwise it is difficult 
 to explain the Minute : " Item, at this Chapiter there was an 
 eleccion or choyce of the xP' scolers, that is to saye, M'' Deane 
 to chose tenne and euery prebendary thre accordyng to there 
 senioritie and longyste abydyng in the said Cathedrall Churche." 
 Why was it necessary to elect forty scholars de novo if the 
 school had been going on all the time ? It may, however, only 
 be a clumsy expression by the Chapter Clerk of the fact that for 
 the future instead of the Dean nominating only five he was to 
 nominate ten scholars. 
 
 Until 1605 the Treasurers' Accounts shew only the names of 
 the masters and ushers, the scholars being lumped together in one 
 sum at 106/. 135. 4^. a year. So that little more can be gathered 
 of the school than the names of masters and ushers. From 
 1557 to 1582 Thomas Bradshaw remained master. He was an 
 Oxford man who had taken his B.A. degree there in 1 546 and 
 M.A. in 1549. The usher from 1558 was John Coxe, probably 
 the John Cochis of Brasenose College, Oxford, who took his 
 B.A. degree in 1546. 
 
 At the visitation of the cathedral by royal visitors in 1559, 
 as already stated, it was recited that the statutes of Henry VIII.
 
 INTRODUCTION. IxVU 
 
 contemplated that the minor canons, '* schoolmasters of gram- 
 mar and music . . . and all the children there learning grammar 
 or music, should eat together in one Common Hall and at 
 common tables there " with the other inferior ministers of the 
 church, and that this had not been done because of " the lack 
 of convenient and competent provision of corn." So they 
 directed the Dean and Chapter not to grant leases of the corn or 
 grain reserved upon any lease of the property of the church, " but 
 that the same be reserved in your own hands in common, out of 
 lease, for the better maintenance of hospitality there, and for the 
 accomplishment of that before mentioned godly intent and 
 gracious meaning of your said most noble founder." This 
 injunction, hov^ever, remained a dead letter. It resulted only in 
 a certain portion of corn being assigned to members of the choir. 
 But no Common Hall or Common Table was ever established, 
 and the master, usher and scholars continued instead to receive 
 the payments settled in 1544. 
 
 Till 1589 the masters and ushers are nominis umbrae. 
 Mr. Maye, usher 1576 to 1580 and master 1584 to 1589, 
 never acquires even a Christian name in the accounts. Henry 
 Bright then came as master with Henry Mould or Mowle 
 as usher. The latter's name, as transpires on his death, was 
 Henry Randolph alias Moule. He may probably be identi- 
 fied with Henry Randall of Worcestershire, plebeian, who 
 matriculated at St. Mary Hall 8 May 1584, and took his 
 B.A. at All Souls' College 29 Oct. 1589. Both Bright and 
 Moule stayed for forty years and more. Bright was the son of 
 James Bright of Worcester and described as " plebeian " when 
 entered at Brasenose College, Oxford, at the age of 18, on 12 
 Dec. 1580. He had no doubt been educated in the school. 
 From Brasenose he migrated to Balliol College, where he took 
 his B.A. degree 17 Jan. 1584 and M.A. 27 Jan. 1587. He was, 
 as usual in those days, under 30 when he became Headmaster, 
 while the usher was only 21. From 1591 Bright held the living 
 of Broadwas, which he gave up for Tredington in 1606. In 
 1607 he was given a canonry in Hereford Cathedral and in 161 8 
 a canonry at Worcester, and duly served as Treasurer, holding all
 
 Ixviii EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 these preferments with the mastership, which he only vacated by 
 death on 4 March 1626-7. His epitaph in the Cathedral speaks 
 of him as the " very famous schoolmaster {celeberrimus gynasi- 
 archa)" who presided over the King's School (Scholtr Regice) — 
 perhaps the earliest use of the term — for full forty years ; " than 
 whom no one was more industrious, learned or skilful in suc- 
 cessfully teaching Latin, Greek and Hebrew, as witness both 
 Universities, whom he sufficiently furnished with numerous 
 learned young men." 
 
 Extracts given from the Treasurer's books begun in 161 1 
 shew that Bright did his best to assist promising pupils by getting 
 the Chapter to give them exhibitions of 2/. a year. Fuller, in 
 his JVorthies of Worcestershire, citing Bright as a model school- 
 master, says : " For my own part I beheld this Master Bright 
 placed by divine Providence in this city in the Marches that he 
 might equally communicate the lustre of grammar learning to 
 youth both of England and Wales." The fact that Wales sent 
 its sons to the school is borne out by the lists of scholars. So 
 we find among the extraordinary payments of 161 1, "To one 
 Thomas Owen, one of the schollers for his paynes in writing a 
 catalogue of the books and going to Warrendon with Mr. Mowle 
 (the usher), 2^." But in point of numbers the school does not 
 then seem to have been very prosperous, as on i December was 
 paid by the Chapter "To a woman for sweeping (not "keeping" 
 as Noake) the Schole all the last yeere, for which the Schollers 
 being but few could not give her sufficient satisfaction, 45." It 
 is probably to Bright's initiative that we own a list of scholars 
 from 1590 to 1645, shewing by whom they were appointed, which 
 appears to have been begun partly from records, but chiefly from 
 memory of Bright himself, or the scholars and their parents, about 
 the year 1 6 1 1 . The list is printed in full for the benefit of genealo- 
 gists and as the foundation of a Register, which all Schools aspiring 
 to historic fame ought to publish. This list enables us to ascertain 
 that the practice of the dean and canons appointing their own sons 
 and relations to be of the number of the " poor and needy scholars 
 destitute of the help of their friends " was assiduously kept up. 
 The children of minor canons and schoolmasters, including the
 
 INTRODUCTION. Ixix 
 
 organist or choristers' master, were also not neglected. Nor 
 were there wanting, as is ascertained by following the considerable 
 contingent of those who can be traced to Oxford, the sons of 
 country gentlemen, though the great majority are described as 
 " plebeians." Bright's own son Henry became a scholar of 
 Winchester, and followed in his father's footsteps by becoming 
 a headmaster, the most successful headmaster that Abingdon 
 Grammar School knew. 
 
 In 1616 an attempt on the part of the Chapter to deprive the 
 usher of his house and let it to a higher bidder was frustrated by 
 the Dean, Dr. Arthur Lake, afterwards bishop of Wells, an ex- 
 scholar of Winchester and New College, who procured the 
 reversal of the decree and the continuance to the usher " at the 
 old rent." 
 
 Bright was succeeded in the mastership by Henry Moule, 
 the usher, and he in the ushership by Thomas Taylor. Taylor had 
 been appointed a king's scholar in July 161 1, and matriculated at 
 Christ Church 15 October 16 19, aged 17, and took his M.A. 
 degree 23 June 1625. He received a " grant of the usshership 
 and also a patent of the same " on 8 June 1627, being then only 
 24 years old. 
 
 In 1634 the first augmentation of income was granted to the 
 Schoolmasters, they and the " Quire " being allowed a tenth 
 part of the fines levied for leases for lives of corn tithes 
 in Brodwas and Overbury. The influence of Laud now made 
 itself felt here as in other schools. On 25 November 1635 
 it was decreed in Chapter that the schoolmasters should see that 
 the king's schollars " doe decently come to the church by two 
 and two doing their reverence towards the East," and the same 
 on leaving — a revival of a superstitious observance which the 
 Reformation had put an end to. 
 
 The school felt the loss of Dr. Bright, for on 9 October 1636 
 the Chapter decreed its removal from the spacious refectory, which 
 it had apparently enjoyed for a school-room from the beginning, 
 " into the chappell called Capella Carnaria," our old friend the 
 charnel-house, "the School-house that nowe is to be converted 
 into a Librarie, and a door made thereunto out of the Cloyster,"
 
 IXX EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 which " parte of the house, now Dr. Steward's," was to be "pro- 
 vided for the Schoolmaster." This seems to have been an attempt 
 on the part of the Chapter to turn the school out of the college 
 or cathedral precinct altogether, removing the boarders as well 
 as day-boys, to the north side of the cathedral. The charnel- 
 house had become the bishop's hay-house, and he strenuously 
 objected, and imputed bad faith to Prebendary Tomkins, the 
 high-church canon, who had persuaded Laud's visitors to order 
 the change by pretending he was going to restore the charnel- 
 house to "pious uses." The bishop represented that, being close 
 to the " Pallace," he " wilbe much disquieted and disturbed 
 with the noyse of the Boyes, who are in number neere 200, the 
 place being little more then halfe as big as the former schoole." 
 This is a precious, because the only, indication we have of the 
 number in the school, and shews how absurd was the notion that 
 it was limited to forty free scholars. Moreover, the bishop was 
 " persuaded there will be more prophanation of the place by 
 swearing and lying amongst boys than when hay was laid in it." 
 The Dean, Charles Potter, answered the bishop and accused him 
 of hatred to Prebendary Tomkins and of inflaming the citizens 
 against him, so that " our own schoole-boies " mobbed him when 
 bowing to the altar, and so provoked that " true-hearted church- 
 man " that he boxed one of the boy's ears. " The boyes father 
 means to sue him for striking in the church. If our bishop have 
 the hearing of the business it will be a heinous matter. But I 
 know your Grace will relieve him if there be need. In the 
 meane while I will do iustice upon that saucie lad and turne him 
 out of his exhibition." The issue does not appear. The charnel- 
 house had to be re-roofed with lead in 1639 at a cost of some 
 18/. It was such arbitrary interference by Laud on behalf of 
 anyone who practised ritualism which largely provoked the Civil 
 War and Laud's own impeachment. The school stayed in the 
 charnel-house only till 1641, when Parliament was invoked on 
 complaints by parents of the unwholesome stinks from the bones 
 in the charnel-house, with the result that in April 1541 an 
 agreement was made with the Chapter and the Refectory was 
 restored to the school, which has retained it ever since.
 
 INTRODUCTION. Ixx'l 
 
 The same year was marked by a grant to Henry Weaver 
 of an exhibition of 4/. " towards his maintenance in the 
 Universitie for this yeare," twice as much as any previous 
 exhibition, shewing that the Chapter were recognizing the 
 necessity of doing something for education. Weaver, son of 
 a Worcester plebeian, matriculated at Christ Church i April 
 1642. "A grant of g.v. for the reparacion of the high schole 
 master's house " points in the same direction. It is an inter- 
 esting entry as shewing the common use of the term " high " 
 for *' head " master, which occurs also in the eighteenth century, 
 but is now retained only at St. Paul's and Manchester. 
 
 There has been some confusion as to the mastership at this 
 time, John Toye being attributed by Noalce to the year 1638. 
 Our extracts shew this to be an error. Moule and Taylor con- 
 tinued to 1643, when Moule retired to a living, In which he was 
 succeeded by Taylor, who had become master, two years later. 
 Toy was a King's scholar, granted 40^. by the Chapter in 1627 
 to go to Pembroke College, Oxford, where he took his M.A. 
 degree in 1634. In 1642 he was a minor canon, and apparently 
 master of the Free School. He may have become master of the 
 Cathedral School on Taylor's taking the living in November 
 1645. But the only evidence that he did so seems to be in the 
 entry of a payment in 1661, "to Mr. Barefoot who was school- 
 master in Mr. Toy's sequestration." When Toy came in and 
 when he was sequestrated can only be guessed. The Free School 
 records do not shew when, or even that he was master there. 
 
 In June 1649, when the Parliamentary Survey of "the 
 CoUedge of Worcester and manor of Guesten Hall " was made 
 (the original of which is in the Edgar Tower), Doctor John 
 Hardinge appears as " schoolemaster of the PVee Schoole 
 there," holding " by vertue of his place of schoolemaster, as 
 formerly all schoolemasters there have had," " a mansion 
 house " near the present Headmaster's house. The " old 
 house called the Singing Schoole late Thomas Tomkins, 
 organist," was not occupied by an organist, for the choristers 
 and organ had ceased, but by " Widow Hall." Dr. Harding 
 was a Cambridge man, who in 1638 had been put in by
 
 Ixxii EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 the Bailiffs of Shrewsbury as Headmaster of Shrewsbury School, 
 but was turned out by legal proceedings taken by St. John's 
 College, to whom the appointment belonged. 
 
 It may surprise many who are under the common impression 
 that schools, especially cathedral schools, ceased during the War 
 and the Interregnum, to find a schoolmaster thus quietly con- 
 tinuing the school. In truth, Parliament was a better guardian 
 and protector of schools than the cathedral bodies. 
 
 When Deans and Chapters were abolished by Act of Parlia- 
 ment of 30 April 1649 a special proviso was inserted directing 
 that all payments out of the cathedral estates made before 
 I December 1641 for the maintenance of any Grammar School or 
 Scholars, or for the reparation of any school house, should con- 
 tinue to be paid. By a further Act of 8 June 1649 the tithes of 
 cathedral bodies were settled on Trustees to pay and satisfy such 
 salaries or payments. The school and scholars therefore went 
 quietly on. 
 
 When the Chapter lands were sold the sums payable for the 
 schoolmasters and scholars were charged rateably on the respective 
 purchasers ; for instance, 20/. a year was " reprized " as a rent 
 charge on the manor of Wolverley, 30/. a year on the tithes of 
 Cleeve Prior, 61. 13.9. ^d. each on Humbleton and Blackwell — 
 the manor which before the dissolution had been charged for the 
 monk-scholars at Oxford. But by an oversight no special person 
 was appointed to demand payment of these charges, with the 
 result that some of them were unpaid. An Exchequer Inquiry 
 was held on 12 Jan. 1653, which recommended a temporary 
 reduction of the scholars to thirty and of their exhibitions to 2/., 
 the difi^erence being paid to the masters, without whom, as the 
 jury found, the school must cease. A decree was accordingly 
 made for payment to Mr. Thomas Barfoote, M.A., whom the 
 jury found to be " High Schoolmaster of the Free Grammar 
 School on the College Green," and Richard Hoare as usher. In 
 1657, when there were arrears of payments for the scholars of 
 13/. 6.?. id. on two of the sold manors, two of the unsold manors. 
 Hallow and Grimley, were charged instead, and an attorney, 
 Francis Walker, appointed to receive it on their behalf. Barfoot,
 
 INTRODUCTION. IXXUl 
 
 like Toy, was a member of Pembroke College, Oxford, where he 
 matriculated 22 Nov. 1639, and became B.A. in 1643 and M.A. 
 in 1646. He and Hoare continued masters to the Restoration, 
 leaving no room for Noake's John Meddows in 1659, who really 
 belongs to half a century later. Barfoot and Hoare were turned 
 out at the Restoration, being included among " persons that left 
 the colledge and pretended some right to the same " and received 
 "moneys given by consent," viz., 15/. and 5/., no doubt wages 
 up to date in 1661. 
 
 Toy received 35.V. " towardes the repair of his house on 
 26 Oct. 1 66 1." With him as usher was Stephen Richardson, 
 the son of the last Chapter Clerk before the war. He is 
 perhaps the first of the masters to be described as a gentle- 
 man when matriculated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, on 23 July 
 1656, a distinction he owed to his father being, as an attorney, 
 a gentleman by Act of Parliament. He took his B.A. degree 
 22 Feb. 1660 and his M.A. only after he had become usher. 
 He had retired before 23 June 1662, when John Wright, M.A., 
 received a patent for the usher's place, and left to be vicar of 
 Kempsey and chaplain to the bishop. Toy died on 28 Dec. 
 1663 and was buried in the west side of the South Transept. 
 His epitaph in the cathedral, destroyed in one of the numerous 
 " restorations," recorded that he had been for twenty years " a 
 famous ruler, first of the Free Schoole in this city, and then 
 also of the Kingr's School." This shews at least that he was not 
 Master of the King's School in 1643. 
 
 On Toy's death Dr. Page, Doctor of Physick, applied for the 
 vacant post, giving his address at Mr, Goad's (not Good, as 
 Noake), Master of Merchant Taylors' School. He said, " It 
 (schoolmaking) is a province I was formerly versed in, being 
 commended by St. John's College, Oxford, to Archbishop 
 Laud, who settled me at Reading, but was forced away by the 
 incivilitie of that town, with whose faction I could not comply, 
 neither would I resume it afterwards, knowing how much leaven 
 of malice there was in the people." As a matter of faci' he 
 had shewn himself totally incapable of managing boys. {Viclnria 
 County History of Berks, ii, 255). Thomas Stephens was the
 
 Ixxiv EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 master appointed. He can hardly be the Dr. Stephens " the 
 cavalier master," who had passed through a stormy, if successful, 
 career as Master at Bury St. Edmunds from 1647 to 1663. The 
 shortness of his stay may suggest that he was the same person. 
 His " Renunciation " as High Schoolmaster of the Grammar 
 School was ordered to be recorded on 25 November 1667, and 
 the same day a patent for " the Chiefe Schoolemaster's Place " 
 was given to John Wright, the ex-usher, who from 23 June 
 1669 also held the living of Bredicott. John Baker, B.A., 
 became usher, Thomas Greaves dying. Baker retired to the 
 vicarage of Quynton in 1670, and was succeeded by Joseph 
 Walker. 
 
 Wright instituted a Speech Day, which on at least one 
 occasion was signalized by a Play. This appears from a pay- 
 ment by the Treasurer on 22 December 1672 of iSs. to one 
 John Tom or Tombes, "for 12 paire of gloves for the Boyes 
 declaiming in the schoole." In 1674, " To Mr. Wright, school- 
 master, for the schollers for their acting a Play at Christmas, by 
 Mr. Dean and the Chapter's order, 2/.," while i6s. 6d. was also 
 paid "for gloves for the boys that declaimed." Similar payments 
 recur throughout Wright's mastership, which lasted for nearly 
 thirty years, to December 1695. The Dean and Chapter by a 
 chapter minute of 25 November 1673 declared that after the 
 Christmas holydayes they would " visit the school and see to the 
 execution of the statutes and orders which relate thereto " — but no 
 copy of which appears to exist — " both as to the dutyes of the 
 Master and Usher, as also to Books and Exercises, and in 
 speciall as to the libri chartacei required by the Statutes for the 
 preserving of the Exercises." The Dean or senior canon in 
 residence was also to visit monthly " to examine the proficienty 
 of the schollars in literature and their constancy at Prayers and 
 Catechism." " As the devotion of the people at the 6 a.m. 
 prayers was often disturbed by the late coming and noise of the 
 boyes towards the end of the service," it was ordered that they 
 were to assemble in school " before the great bell hath done 
 tolling," and proceed orderly before the beginning of the prayers, 
 while the masters were strictly enjoined to attend and " observe 
 
 I
 
 INTRODUCTION. IxxV 
 
 the manners of the schollers," to order rolls to be kept and 
 absence noted, "and the offenders duly called to account and 
 punished according to their deserts every Monday morning, as 
 hath bin heretofore accustomed." 
 
 Not only did the chapter exact virtue in the boys, but they 
 also exacted it, on paper, among themselves, decreeing that no 
 king's scholar was to hold beyond the statutory period of four 
 years. But the requirement passed on 23 June 1676 that no 
 king's scholar should be elected unless he was already " of the 
 College Schoole," to which was added in 1680 that he must have 
 " bin at least one year of the Schoole," was calculated to entirely 
 frustrate the professed object of the scholarships to help poor 
 boys destitute of the help of their friends. A Chapter Act of 
 1685 that "no King's scholar shall depute any other to serve in 
 his room" shews that here, as in the case of the chorister scholar- 
 ships at Southwell Minster, the abuse had grown up of one 
 boy drawing the pay while another did the work. Mr. Samuel 
 Davies, usher from 1674 to 1677, is rather quaintly com- 
 memorated by the bill for his funeral : " Shroud 5.?. 6d. ; Coffin 
 12,?.; Wine and Sugar i/. 4,9.; Diet-cake 9*.; Ringing and 
 registering at St. Michael's 2.9. Gd. ; Ringing and the grave in the 
 Cathedrall 4.?.; Covering the grave, etc., i,y. Total £i i8.y." 
 His successor, Mr. Roberts, held for ten years to Christmas 
 1687, when he became a minor canon. A Chapter Act Book of 
 25 November 1686, exceptionally in Latin, records the election 
 of William Cox, B.A., as usher of " the Free School," while at 
 the same time the Lord Dean (Dominus Decanus) accused the 
 master, John Wright, of notorious negligence in the execution of 
 his office and of plain disobedience to the commands lawfully 
 and in chapter enjoined on him, and on his partial confession 
 capitularly admonished him according to the statutes. In 1688 
 he was enjoined not to grant any whole holiday, " any whole day 
 for play," never to grant any time for play upon a Friday — 
 apparently for high-church reasons — nor in any week in which 
 there was a Holy day. 
 
 These orders were apparently due to Dean Hickes, the 
 famous Saxon scholar and non-juror, who takes credit for them
 
 IxXvi EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 in a preface to his edition of the sermons of Dr. Hopkins, one of 
 the canons. He also proposed to connect the school with 
 Magdalen Hall, Oxford, as New College was connected with 
 Winchester, and Westminster with Christ Church, by getting the 
 Principal yearly to come or send two fellows as examiners at the 
 expense of the Cathedral. Magdalen Hall was chosen because 
 the school had been brought into connection with it by the Meek 
 Exhibitions, founded some twenty years before. 
 
 The Rev. John Meek, who had belonged to Magdalen 
 Hall, and was a King's Scholar at the Cathedral School from 
 October 1613 to October 161 7, "of Poplar, in the parish 
 of Stepney," then a salubrious suburb of London, by will 
 made in November 1665 had given 100/. a year to provide 10/. 
 a year for seven years for "10 poor schoUers to be chosen out 
 of the Free Grammar Schoole of Worcester." He died 
 14 February 1665-6. The will was contested, a fraudulent 
 " nuncupative will " alleged to have been made orally being set 
 up against it. By a decree of a Commission of Charitable Uses 
 dated 27 January 1668-9 the will was established, and the heir 
 ordered to convey lands to the Hall to carry out the will. There 
 is no doubt that the Cathedral Grammar School, and not the 
 Free School, was the school meant by Meek, as Dean Hickes' 
 action amply demonstrates. 
 
 One of the most notable of Hickes' efforts on behalf of the 
 school is the attempt to introduce geography into its curriculum, 
 as evidenced by the Treasurer's account for 1687 : — 
 
 May 2. A Terrestriall Globe for the School i/. 
 
 May 6. Books for the School bought by Mr. Dean's order, 
 viz., Hornii Geographia, \l. los. 
 
 Ferrarii Lex[icon] Geo[graphicum] 8a-. 
 
 Holiokes Dictionary i/. 
 
 The last-mentioned book is A Large Dictionary, English-Latin 
 and Latin-English, published in 1676, the enlarged edition of a 
 Dictionarie Etymologicall first published in 161 7 by Thomas 
 Holyoke of Warwick, the father of the Henry Holyoke who 
 first raised Rugby from the position of a village school. He 
 claims that the English-Latin part contained 10,000 more words
 
 INTRODUCTION. IxXVli 
 
 than any previous dictionary. This, however, was to be found 
 in the libraries of most big schools. Books on geography and 
 terrestrial globes were much rarer phenomena. The only definite 
 evidence of its being taught in schools is the account of 
 Westminster at Laud's visitation in 1630. "After supper (in 
 summer time) they were called to the Master's Chamber (specially 
 those of the Vllth forme), and there instructed out of Hunter's 
 Cosmograp/iie, and practised to describe and find out cities and 
 countries in the map." At Winchester in 1656-7, \l. ly.v. 6d. was 
 paid for a mappa mtindi to hang in the school. Milton, in his 
 Tractate on Education, and John Dury in his Reformed School, 
 recommend a^ modicum of geography, and Charles Hook's New 
 Method of Teaching School says that Ferrarius' Lexicon 
 Geographicum should be in the school library. But it was 
 distinctly an advance when Dean Hiclces introduced even the 
 idea of geography to a Cathedral Grammar School in 1687. No 
 further payment for school books was made till 1850. 
 
 It seems that Mr. Wright had stayed too long, and that in 
 his later years the school had declined. He was succeeded by 
 Benjamin Slater, In the ushership Cox was succeeded by Robert 
 Jones, born at Wapping, of Oriel College, Oxford, matriculated 
 1686, B.A. 1690, M.A. 1696. 
 
 That the numbers had fallen is inferred from the payment 
 of only lis. 6d. in December 1697 to "the 5 scholars who 
 declaimed." They rose to seven in 1702 and were six in 1705, 
 when this entry ceases to appear. Slater died in 1700. 
 
 Though the documents printed end in 1 700, the members ot 
 the Society may like to have a sketch of the school history 
 brought up to living memory. 
 
 In the autumn term Mr. John Meddens, for that, and 
 not Meddows, as Noake, who attributed him to 1659, 
 called him, was his real name, came. He was a Wadham 
 man (matriculated 20 November 1683, M.A. 1690). He acted 
 as moderator of Exeter College during a great dispute with rival 
 Rectors in 1690 (Boase, Reg. Exeter College, p. 84), and was 
 master of Henley Grammar School. The school seems to have 
 been in a curious state, as on 4 December 1703 the Chapter
 
 Ixxviii EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 declared Robert Jones the usher's place "void, he having long since 
 deserted the same." A Chapter Act was made "that no school- 
 master or usher for the future be admitted but in annum 
 prohationis tantum, as minor canons and lay clerks are." In 
 1709 Meddens departed under circumstances of some difficulty, 
 as on 9 August is an item of " i/. 105. paid Mr. Medens in full 
 of all demands for his last year's wood money and gorss left in 
 the Schoolmaster's house," and " 4 Dec. Paid the schoolmaster 
 for fire the first year he came in to end a dispute." On 
 12 December 1707 Mr. William Betterly, B.A., was chosen 
 into the office of high schoolmaster and admitted in annum 
 prohationis tantum. Fellows was appointed vicar of Tibberton 
 and resigned the ushership, and Mr. Thomas Smith was admitted. 
 ;/!!20 was allowed Betterly for repairing his house, and he was also 
 given a minor canonry, a cheap way to the Chapter of increasing 
 his pay. In 1711 he was also given the office of librarian, which 
 was, with one intermission, until 1850 always annexed to the 
 schoolmastership, though not by statute as it was at St. Paul's in 
 II 18. A curious transaction took place in 17 19, Smith resigning 
 the ushership for a minor canonry and also receiving half of the 
 headmaster's minor canonry in consideration of doing half the 
 duty for him. Betterly held office till his death in 1733. 
 Miles, who had left the ushership in 1730 and was succeeded 
 first for a year by John Hughes and on 6 December 1731 by 
 Samuel Pritchett, was on 23 June 1733 elected to the head 
 schoolmaster's place and made rector of Broadwas. Pritchett, 
 who was an old boy and had matriculated at Lincoln College 
 10 November 1726 at the. age of 17, was 24 when elected, was 
 the same day given the reversion of the curacy of Norton, to 
 which he retired in 1738. His successor was also an old boy, 
 Thomas Whitefoot of Spetchley, and probably a Meek exhibi- 
 tioner, as he had matriculated at Magdalen Hall 21 May 1724. 
 He retired from "great indisposition" in 1745. His successor, 
 Thomas Pixall, was of Merton College, matriculated 24 May 
 1734. Oddly enough he took his M.A. degree from Trinity 
 College, Cambridge, in 1749. Miles died in 1768, and Pixall 
 retired to the vicarage of Icomb.
 
 INTRODUCTION. Ixxix 
 
 Thomas Gooding, B.A. of Trinity College, Oxford, was on 
 23 June 1768 appointed to "the Head Master's place of the 
 College School " — the first time the term head master simpliciter 
 is used — and, at the same time, to the librarianship. The boys were 
 deprived of one of their immemorial play-grounds by a Chapter 
 Act of 22 April I 770, that " No school boys or any other persons 
 be from henceforth suffered to play within the college cloisters 
 nor the area before the deanery "■ — then on the south side of the 
 cathedral east of the school — "and Audit Hall," and the master 
 was to admonish his scholars strictly to observe the same. In 
 the same year, on 26 November, the school hours were brought 
 more into accord with modern life. It was now provided that 
 from Lady Day to Michaelmas the hours be 7 a.m. instead of 
 6 A.M. to 12 with an hour for " breackfast," and 2 — 6 p.m., while 
 in the winter half they were 8 — 12 a.m. and 2 — 4 p.m. Next 
 year the seats on the north of the choir between the pulpit and 
 communion table were appropriated to the boys, who could not 
 have been very numerous. Indeed, from 1768 to 1770 the 
 head master, besides being rector of St. Andrew's, was also usher. 
 Under him the number gradually rose. An usher, William 
 Wormington, was appointed to begin on Midsummer Day 1771. 
 Gooding was granted the reversion of Bredicote vicarage on the 
 death of John Wormington, no doubt the usher's father, for in 
 1775 he resigned St. Andrew's on succeeding to it, and William 
 Wormington was appointed to it. In that year the full number 
 of scholars, all but three, was again reached. An attempt was 
 made at this time to connect Worcester School with Worcester 
 College in the same sort of way as had been attempted with 
 Magdalen Hall. The Chapter ordered that " annually before 
 1 5 May the Upper Master of the School write a respectful letter 
 to the Provost of Worcester College in order to let him know 
 whether there are any in the School and how many Boys fit to 
 offer themselves as candidates for Scholarships, and humbly 
 desire to know the day when the Provost will be at Worcester. 
 The Upper Master was not on any account to be absent on that 
 day, but to take care to attend the Provost." 
 
 At this chapter a "great dissention " between the masters of
 
 IXXX EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 " the Grammar School " about the limits of their authority and 
 fees was discussed, " they having proceeded to personal violence 
 before the School Boys and each of them having complained of the 
 other." The Chapter declared that the master had the right to 
 remove boys out of the lower school to the upper, but " had no 
 idea of any master being so mean as to make a lucrative use of 
 this power." The rule being that the whole of the fees of boys 
 in the Upper School and two-thirds of those in the Lower School 
 being paid to the master, Gooding had apparently hurried boys 
 into the Upper School. The Chapter declared that the Lower 
 School fees should be divided equally. The Upper Master 
 having " confessed neglect of the school hours, and the Under 
 Master opposition and violence used to the Upper Master," they 
 were both statutably admonished " then and there." The result 
 was that on 20 January 1776 Gooding resigned his office, not to 
 the Chapter but to the Bishop. 
 
 He retired to Bourne and carried on a private school. He 
 again came into conflict with the Chapter some years afterwards by 
 claiming to hold his living of Bredicote with another living In 
 Somersetshire with only 8/. a year. On the Chapter objecting 
 and declaring Bredicot void, he got another living in Shropshire 
 and claimed to hold Bredicot, but meanwhile the Chapter had 
 appointed another man and confirmed the appointment 16 Feb. 
 1789. 
 
 The Usher Wormington stayed on till 1784, when he retired 
 to the vicarage of Norton and died in 1828. After a year ot 
 the Rev. John Bennett, the Rev. John Griffin, B.A., Fellow ot 
 Worcester College (where he had matriculated 26 June 1771), 
 was on 2 June 1777 elected Headmaster of the College School. 
 Next year he was permitted the use of the Public Granary, " the 
 room over the Dean's Coachhouse," the better to accommodate 
 his scholars, presumably boarders. Twenty years later, 5 May 
 1799, he got leave to extend the schoolhouse five feet for new 
 chimneys for the new parlour and rooms above. Presumably 
 this extension was required to accommodate boarders. His 
 efficiency as Librarian was recognized by the Chapter in an 
 order 25 November 1783 to pay him 20 guineas "for his
 
 INTRODUCTION. Ixxxi 
 
 extraordinary trouble in making Catalogues of the Books in 
 the Library and new ranging and regulating the same." He 
 also held from 1786 the vicarage of Cropthorne, added to it in 
 1788 the rectory of Martin Hussingtree, exchanged in 1805 
 for Puddlestone. He held office altogether for thirty-seven years 
 till his death in June 18 13. In his later years he witnessed, but 
 was, it may be hoped, not a party to, the reactionary order of the 
 Chapter of 4 May 1807, " that in future no Boy shall be admitted 
 into the College School until he has produced a certificate under 
 the hand of the minister of the Parish in which he shall reside to 
 the following effect : 'These are to certify that A. B. was 
 admitted by Baptism into the Church of England and that his 
 parents regularly attend church service and not any conventicle or 
 meeting House,' and that such certificate be filed by the Head- 
 master." 
 
 No less than six ushers served under him. After Wor- 
 mington came, on 25 November 1784, John Harward, no doubt 
 an old boy, as he was of Hartlebury and of Worcester College, 
 Oxford. He retired on the vicarage of Icomb in 1796, and only 
 died in 1855. On 23 November 1796 was appointed Thomas 
 Howard Shirley, also an old boy, of Magdalen Hall, Oxford 
 (matriculated 7 December 1792). He combined with the usher- 
 ship from 1797 the vicarage of Berrow, exchanged in 1799 
 for the rectory of Bredicote, and resigned both ushership and 
 rectory for the vicarage of St. Swithin's in 1801, which he held 
 till his death in 1842. William Stafford, of Nottinghamshire, 
 "plebeian," who matriculated at Christ Church 5 February 1800, 
 was admitted full usher 24 November 1803, was rector of 
 St. Nicholas also from 24 July 1806, and retired on a minor 
 canonry 6 February 1809, with the vicarage of Overbury 18 10. 
 Richard George, a Worcester boy, who went to Magdalen Hall, 
 Oxford, in 1799, but took an LL.B. degree at Trinity Hall, 
 Cambridge, in 1807, became usher 24 November 1809, and 
 retired on a minor canonry and the rectory of St. Clements 
 in November 1812. Cornelius Copner, usher 5 April 18 13, 
 saw out both Griffin and his successor. 
 
 The Rev. William James Porter, minor canon of Peter- 
 
 m
 
 Ixxxii EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 borough, was elected schoolmaster in the room of Rev. John 
 Griffin, deceased, 23 November 18 13. He was more of 
 a musician than a schoolmaster, and resigned in 1820. A 
 much older man than usual, a minor canon, Allen Wheeler, 
 followed. He had matriculated at Wadham College in 1792, 
 and became M.A. In 1800, and was therefore some forty-five 
 years old in 1821. Robert Sanders came as usher. He had 
 apparently got old and idle, when a Chapter Act of 25 Novem- 
 ber 1835 directed an attendance book to be kept in the College 
 School to enable the Dean to ascertain the attendance of master 
 and scholars, while the Canon in Residence was required to visit 
 the school and make a memorandum in the book. A curious 
 way of providing better emoluments for the choristers with- 
 out cost to the Chapter was also devised by an order of 
 21 November 1834 that every chorister shall become a scholar 
 and so continue for the whole time during which he remains a 
 chorister. The order points also to the king's scholarships being 
 not much in request. 
 
 A striking illustration of the evil results to the school of the 
 masters not being, like the canons, members of the corporate body, 
 is shewn by the return by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners of 
 cathedral revenues for the three years to 1831. This shewed 
 gross income 12,088/., and a net Income divisible among the 
 Dean and Canons of 8,698/., making 724/. to each canon and 
 twice that, with some additions, to the Dean ; while the Minor 
 Canons got 34/. each, the Schoolmaster 39/. 195. 6d., and the 
 Usher 28/. i^. c^d. In other words, while the gross revenue had 
 risen to more than twelve times, and the pay of the Dean and 
 Canons about ten times, and even the minor canons had been 
 increased to three times the amounts laid down by the Founder, 
 the pay of the Schoolmaster had not been quite doubled, the 
 Usher had been left alone, and the scholars were left absolutely 
 untouched at the original sum of 2/. 13.S. ^d. No doubt the pay 
 of the masters was invariably increased by the gift of one or more 
 livings, but only with the result of saving the Chapter's pockets 
 at the expense of the efficiency of the school or the living, and 
 generally of both.
 
 INTRODUCTION. Ixxxiu 
 
 After seventeen years Wheeler retired in 1837 on the rectory 
 of St. Martin's, Worcester, handing over Broadwas to Sanders, 
 then Usher, who also retired on a minor canonry and became 
 Precentor. The new master was Octavius Fox, first of St. Edmund 
 Hall in 1830, and B.A. from Lincoln College in 1834. The new 
 usher was the Rev. Thomas Baxter, who stayed for ^3 years. He 
 was an " old boy," being the son of a rather famous china-painter 
 of Royal Worcester China, and was a considerable naturalist, and 
 an expert in penmanship. The school hours were now rearranged 
 on modern lines, 9 o'clock being substituted for 7 a.m. for begin- 
 ning, to continue to 12.30, and from 2 to 4 in the afternoon in 
 winter, and 4.30 in summer. Prizes seem to have been provided 
 for the first time, no less than 2/. being spent in books before 
 Midsummer, and 3/. at the November audit. The amount does 
 not point to a large attendance of boys. 
 
 Discipline, though from what we hear of Mr. Baxter 
 afterwards, severe, was not successful. In 1847 the Chapter at 
 the November audit complained of the great breakage of the 
 school windows from inside, and in the following Midsummer 
 of the state of the college hall owing to the wilful and wanton 
 damage done by the boys in breaking benches, doors, windows, 
 during the time they are left to themselves, and Mr. Fox was 
 requested to prevent them remaining after school hours, and to 
 pay more attention to the general conduct and behaviour of the 
 boys. A box of carpenters' tools being discovered in the school 
 belonging to a private pupil of the under master's, who was not in 
 the school, it was ordered that this pupil be no longer allowed to 
 be instructed in the school. 
 
 At this time the masters' stipends had been increased to 
 100/. and 50/. respectively by the ingenious expedient of 
 reducing the scholarships to 5.?. lod. a year and paying the 
 rest to the masters, thus making the boys pay for an inade- 
 quate increment which ought to have been paid for by the 
 dean and canons, who were certainly not intended to share the 
 increase of the endowment among themselves only. In 1848 
 Rev. Robert Whiston, the Headmaster of Rochester Cathedral 
 Grammar School, who was dismissed by the Chapter for demand-
 
 Ixxxiv EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 ing on behalf of the boys exhibitions to the Universities and the 
 restoration of the scholarships to an adequate value, in the course 
 of his animadversions denounced this strange abuse at Worcester 
 The result was that the scholarships were restored, not indeed 
 to a proportionate value but to the old figure. Consequently 
 the Chapter were able in 1854 to return to the Cathedral Com- 
 mission of 1852 the scholarships as being of the full amount, and 
 the Headmaster as receiving 113/. 12^. id. a year and the Under 
 master 55/. 13*-. 8(i., the latter being in fact better paid than the 
 Headmaster, because he received also 80/. additional as teacher of 
 writing and arithmetic. The school consisted all told of 5 1 boys, 
 that is to say, 1 1 only besides the scholars, and these were in 
 waiting for scholarships. The two oldest boys in the school 
 were only 16, and only 13 were over 14 years of age, while 
 10 were under 1 1. The master was Stephen Poyntz Denning, a 
 Shrewsbury boy, of Durham University, who had been appointed 
 only in that year. He informed the Commissioners in 1854 that 
 the Chapter had carried into effect every suggestion he had made 
 for the comfort of the boys, but pointed out that the whole 
 system of the school required reconstitution. This, however, it 
 did not get for another generation. So far as the schools went 
 the Cathedral Commission proved abortive, and the Ecclesiastical 
 and Church Estates Commissioners absolutely refused to entertain 
 any proposals for their improvement on the ground that no scale 
 of educational or financial status was laid down in their Acts. 
 But the emoluments of the canons being now restricted to fixed 
 amounts, some slight improvements in the school were made. 
 Denning retired in 1856 to Durham, whence he emerged again 
 in i860 (A. F. Leach, History of Bradfield College, 1900, 
 pp. 95-8) to raise the new Public School of Bradfield to high 
 efficiency. 
 
 Here we leave the School. A short summary of its sub- 
 sequent development will be found in the Victoria County 
 History of Worcestershire.
 
 INTRODUCTION. IxXXV 
 
 THE FREE SCHOOL FROM 1561 to 1700. 
 
 The history of the old City and Episcopal Grammar School 
 after its refoundation is obscure and scanty. Its " Rules and 
 Ordinances," now revealed for the first time from the old Order 
 Book of the " Six Masters," as the six trustees of the School and 
 Trinity Almshouse were called, are, like so many other school 
 statutes of the time, taken from Dean Colet's Statutes for 
 St. Paul's School, the extant second edition of which dates 
 from 1 518. 
 
 They begin with the ipsissima verba of Colet : " In that 
 schole shalbe firste an highe maister." High Master accordingly 
 the master was generally called till the eighteenth century, as the 
 master at Winchester was frequently called in the fourteenth 
 century, and as were also the masters at Manchester, Bury 
 St. Edmund's, and other places. The notion that the title was 
 some peculiar appanage of St. Paul's is one of the many delusions 
 in regard to that school, which it owes to its having been one of 
 the earliest, of which a readable and researchflil history was 
 published in Strype's edition of Stow and Knight's Life of Colet. 
 There is a significant omission, however, from the qualifications 
 prescribed for the High Master of Worcester. While Colet's 
 master was to be whole in body, honest and virtuous, a wedded 
 man, a single man, or a priest that hath no benefice or service 
 that may let his due business in the school, and learned in good 
 and clean Latin literature, the further qualification " and also in 
 greke, yf suyche may be gotten " was omitted, thus emphasizing 
 the fact that the school was not to be on the same plane as the 
 Cathedral Grammar School, where the Headmaster was to be 
 " learned in Latin and Greek." Also his " wages," instead of 
 being fixed as by Colet at a higher rate than any previous school 
 statutes had prescribed, viz., a mark a week or 34/. 13^. /\.d. 
 a year, were left " to be lymited by the Rulers," with the result 
 that the schoolmasters were sacrificed to the alms-folk and the 
 dole-receivers. The High Master's wages were at first, and for 
 many years, only 12/. a year. 
 
 As at St. Paul's, particular care was taken to make it clear 
 from the formula used on admittance of the masters that their
 
 Ixxxvi EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 office was not, as the chantry-priest-schoolmasters' had been, 
 a freehold for life, but was " no room of continuance and 
 perpetuity but upon your duty in the school." The masters 
 were to be examined by the Governors at Christmas upon 
 St. Stephen's Day (at St. Paul's it was Candlemas Day, 
 2 February), and " found doing your duty, you shall continue, 
 otherwise reasonably warned ye shall content you to depart." 
 Both masters were to have their lodgings free. 
 
 The rules as to the boys were much curtailed from Colet's 
 statutes. Indeed, only a provision for an entrance fee of 46?., 
 and that to go for repairs, and not to the poor scholar who swept 
 the school as at St. Paul's, and one as to school hours are 
 included. These hours were to be 6 to 1 1 a.m., when dinner, 
 and 12 to 5 P.M., as against 7 to 1 1 a.m. and i to 5 p.m. at 
 St. Paul's. The earlier hour in the morning may be attributed 
 to people getting up earlier in the country, and also perhaps to 
 the less distance the boys would have to come. Nothing is said 
 as to the teaching or subjects to be taught. A rather unusual 
 provision is added that the master should every Wednesday and 
 Friday at 9 o'clock go to the parish church with his scholars 
 before him in order, and if there is no " sarvice," then he to read 
 a chapter. On leaving church they were to sing a psalm and 
 pray for the Queen and all other founders that giveth either 
 money or lands to the maintenance thereof. 
 
 The only rules as to the alms-folk were that a beadle was to 
 be elected from them to keep order and to make them to go to 
 church on Wednesday and Friday, and that none but old and 
 impotent persons were to be admitted. A provision for payment 
 of an admission fee of 4^. is cancelled in the original. 
 
 The accounts of the School are nearly complete from the 
 beginning, the details nearly all of the expenditure on the alms- 
 houses and the poor ; the School payments varying hardly at all 
 from year to year, and seldom giving even the names of the 
 masters to whom the payments were made. Only a few selected 
 accounts or extracts from the accounts are therefore here 
 printed, selected chiefly for the occurrence of special school 
 items. The total endowments given for the school produced 
 32/. 16s. 8rf. a year ; the endowment for the poor was 12/. 7,?. 
 only, or considerably less than half In the early accounts so
 
 INTRODUCTION. IxXXvii 
 
 much extraordinary expenditure was going on in buying the new 
 school-house by St. Swithin's Church, repairing the " Trinities," 
 as the ahnshouses were commonly called, and the White Ladies — 
 the old nunnery on the site of which the school now stands, then 
 the chief rent-producing property of the foundation — that it is 
 difficult to make out what proportion of the net endowment was 
 spent on school and poor respectively. But by 1582, when 
 things had more or less settled down, while 18/. 13.$. ^.d. was 
 spent in the schoolmasters' salaries, 15/. ly.y. ^d. was given to 
 " the poore in the Trynitie " and " the poore of the Cittie," 
 besides other sums for which reference is made to papers not 
 now extant. In 1590, the account for which is not here printed, 
 of a total income of 51/. the usual sum of 18/. 13.?. ^d. was spent 
 on the masters' wages, and no less than 20/. 10.?. 6d. on the 
 poor, besides 49*-. for " making of the plumpe," apparently a 
 pump in the Trinity, which was for their benefit. In 1591 and 
 1597, out of a total income of 44/. 2*-. Sd., the same sum was 
 spent on the masters, and in 1591 16/. 145. and in 1597 21/. i^s. 
 " on the poor," shewing a total disregard of the true trusts. 
 
 In 1635, when the income was 68/., the schoolmasters 
 received 20/. between them, and the poor 21/., besides i/. 6.?. 8d. 
 to the poor in the Frog Lane Almshouse from a special benefaction 
 given for the purpose by Mr. Fleet. In 1638 no less than 
 " three hundered poore peopull as appereth by the wickly books 
 of accompt of the same " received 5/. 9^. 8d., the twenty-four 
 poor in the Trinity " by is. a pece in ech house " received 
 5/. 1 2.?., and monthly payments to other poor, out-pensioners, 
 came to 61. 195. id., so that the bulk of the income was being 
 diverted not only from education, but from the almshouses, to be 
 used practically as a poor-rate for out-door paupers. 
 
 As to the history of the school itself we learn nothing, not 
 even the names of the masters, till 1591. Then we find "paid 
 to Mr. Spakeman, scholemaster, for his wages 12/., and to 
 Mr. Newdick, usher, 6/. ly. ^d.," the item before being "paid 
 for drinking at there entrie 3^. 6d." Whether this entry was 
 that of the masters or of the two trustees who took it in turns to 
 act as receivers is not clear. The bishop's register shews 
 a licence to Thomas Sparkman, M.A., to teach youths in the 
 city of Worcester on 22 October 1583. So unless he was
 
 IxXXviii EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 then usher only, he had already been master for eight years. 
 We may infer from Sparkman being an M.A. that his 
 predecessors also, like the pre-Reformation masters, were 
 University men. In 1597 Mr. John Hues, who may be 
 identified as John Hughes, B.A. of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 
 became "highe scoolemaster of the free scoole," with Mr. Ambrose 
 as usher, who had appeared as such in the account for 1592. In 
 1600 Hughes' salary was raised to 13/. 6s. Sd., while the usher 
 received 61. 13.?. 4f/., at which amounts the salaries remained 
 till the Civil War. In 16 17 Mr. Dolphin and Mr. Huck, who 
 also appears as Hoock and Hocke, were master and usher. 
 Dolphin gave place to Jonnes, otherwise Jones, in 1623 ; Hook, 
 as we may modernize his name, going on under him as usher. 
 Up to 1632 their names appear regularly in the accounts as 
 receiving 16/. and 8/. respectively. The only other educational 
 payment, other than frequent repairs to the school windows, was 
 in 1622, when 9.?. 6d. was paid to Mr. Broughton for a "dixonary 
 for the free schoole." From 1632 to 1650 no names of masters 
 are mentioned. 
 
 The Civil War does not appear to have affected the school, 
 except that in 1647, when 61. os. %d. was spent on the Trinity 
 Almshouses, " being broken by cannon bullets," the " schole 
 maisters" were paid only 16/. i6s. %d. instead of the usual 24/., 
 and next year only 15/. Notwithstanding this, the status of the 
 school seems to have been higher during " the troubles " and the 
 Commonwealth and Protectorate. In 1642 we find the first 
 indication of something like a Speech Day, 6^. %d. being 
 " payd at the breaking up of the Schole at Christmas." When 
 Mr. Thomas Browne was " placed as high maister in the free 
 schoole of St. Swithes " the pay was restored to 18/., besides the 
 rent of the Prich crofts or Pitch crofts, which they were " to 
 reseve of the Chamberlines." These, after long legal proceedings 
 against the Callowhills, who had claimed them for their own, had 
 somehow come into the hands of the Corporation. Browne was 
 of Exeter College, Oxford, B.A. 24 Nov. 1646. The Speech 
 Day now became a regular institution: in 1650 "to the boyes 
 at the breaking up of the Scholle declaiming 3*. 6f/." In 165 1 
 there was "given the SchoUers for declaiming at breaking upp 3.?.," 
 and in 1652 "spent of the masters at a Breaking upp 12c?. and
 
 INTRODUCTION. IxXx'lX 
 
 given two shillings, all, 35." In 1653 "given the Schollers at 
 theire declaiming at theire breaking and spent of the masters 
 3*. 2)d-" The Speech Days seem then to have come to an end. 
 On Browne's death he was succeeded, 24 April 1654, by Robert 
 Marston. 
 
 In 1657 accounts for three years are lumped together; the 
 account for 1658 mentions no names of masters. The years 
 1659 to 1664 are represented only by a bald statement of the 
 totals of receipts and disbursements. 
 
 A casual entry out of place among the entries of election of 
 Six Masters records that on 24 November 1657 Roger Turner 
 (unfortunately misprinted on p. 286 of the text, "Arne") "was 
 elected to bee usher in the free schoole of Worcester in the room 
 of Nicholas Cottrell (misprinted Cottron), deceased." The same 
 day Mr. Marston " being high master .... having been for his 
 neglect of the schoole admonished .... that hee must leave the 
 schoole at our Ladie daye next," the governors elected Nicholas 
 Ballard to succeed him. On 9 October 1658 Ballard was followed 
 by John Nethway of Balliol College (B.A. 3 February 1656-7), 
 and he on 14 December 1659 ^7 '^'■- Thomas Whitefoot, an old 
 King's Scholar of the Cathedral Grammar School, as the list on 
 p. 265 shews, and afterwards of Wadham College, Oxford. 
 
 In 1666 a regular account reappears, and shews that 
 " Mr. Thomas Whitefoote, schoole master, and Mr. Hanbury 
 Harris, ussher, received for their whole yeares wages {i.e., from 
 June 1665 to June 1666) 19/.," which next year's account shews 
 to have been divided 13/. to Whitefoote and 61. to Harris. 
 This was probably in addition to 5/., the rent of Pitchcroft, 
 received from the Corporation. Harris remained usher till 
 Whitefoote died in 1675, and was succeeded by George Wilson, 
 also rector of St. Clement's, who held office for no less than 
 fifty-three years, retiring only in 1728, and is commemorated by 
 a brass in St. Helen's Church as " master of the Free School," 
 and therefore mistakenly reckoned by Nash and Noake among 
 the masters of the Cathedral Grammar School. While in 
 youthful vigour he revived the Speech Day, 6*. being paid on 
 14 December 1677 to six boys that declaimed at the breaking 
 up, while in 1678 nine boys declaimed and received i6s. The 
 declamations ceased in 1690. The school then entered a period 
 
 n
 
 XC EARLY EDUCATION IN WORCESTER. 
 
 of eclipse, fortunately beyond the scope of this book. The eclipse 
 was intensified, if not caused, by the admission to the school of 
 the " Blue boys," the poor boys of the foundation of Alderman 
 Thomas More in 1626. This was a small Christ's Hospital for 
 ten really poor boys, " whose parents are destitute of abilityes 
 and meanes to give them necessarye foode and Rayment, much 
 lesse to give them education fitt for Christians." Such of them 
 only as were " capable " were to be set to writing and reading in 
 the Free School, the rest being set to labour. This institution 
 had been in abeyance for half a century, owing to the houses 
 which formed the endowment having been burnt down in the 
 Civil War. Its restoration as a part of the Free School reduced 
 that institution to the level of an inefficient Voluntary Elementary 
 School or Ragged School. And so we leave it. Its decline, its 
 revival in 1850, and its phenomenal growth since, as the Royal 
 Grammar School, worthy of a detailed story, are related in a 
 shortened form in the Victoria County History for Worcestershire. 
 
 It must be mentioned, however, that the work of both the 
 Schools of Worcester is receiving the testimonial of new endow- 
 ments, in this present year, 1 9 1 3 ; the Royal Grammar School in 
 a new Big School and Library, the gift of Mr. Dyson Perrins, 
 and the King's School in an additional grant of 400/. a year out 
 of the common fund of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, in 
 respect of the cathedral endowment now vested in them, 
 authorised by a scheme under the Endowed Schools Acts, 
 approved by the King in Council. 
 
 It only remains to conclude with thanks to the Dean and 
 Chapter, and therein especially to Canon Wilson, for the hospitality 
 which enabled the cathedral muniments to be consulted with the 
 maximum of comfort at Worcester, and the maximum of con- 
 venience at London ; to the Governors of the Royal Grammar 
 School, and therein to Mr. T. Hyde, clerk to the Governors and 
 custodian of the documents, and the Headmaster, Mr. F. A. 
 Hillard, for the like facilities ; and to Mr. S. G. Hamilton, the 
 Editor of the Society, for his unwearying assistance in criticism 
 and corrections of proof-sheets. 
 
 ARTHUR F. LEACH. 
 
 34 Elm Park Gardens, 
 lonuon, s.w.
 
 DOCUMENTS 
 
 ILLUSTRATING 
 
 EARLY EDUCATION IN 
 WORCESTER.
 
 WORCESTER EDUCATION DOCUMENTS. 
 
 C. 680 — 691. Origin of Worcester bishopric and school. 
 
 Bishop Oftfor's education, c. 670, and bishopric, c. 691, succeed- 
 ing Bosel, consecrated c. 680, and Tatfrid, who died before 
 consecration, c. 679. 
 [Bede's Ecclesiastical History, Lib. iv., cap. xxi. [xxiii.], cd. C. 
 
 Plummer. 1896. p. 254.] 
 
 Hilda having presided for some years over the monastery at 
 Hartlepool, intent on the institution of the regular (i.e. monkish) 
 life, received another monastery to build or regulate at Streanes- 
 halch. . . . There she made her subjects so spend their time over 
 reading the Scriptures and good works that it was manifest there 
 were many to be found there who were fit to take the eccle- 
 siastical degree, the duty of the altar. Afterwards we saw no less 
 than five bishops from that monastery, all men of singular merit 
 and holiness, namely Bosa [of York], Aetla [of Dorchester], 
 Oftfor, John and Wilfrid [of Hexham and York]. The middle 
 one, Oftfor, having worked hard in both of Hilda's monasteries 
 reading and practising the Scriptures, desiring higher work, went 
 to Kent to Archbishop Theodore, and having spent some time in 
 holy study, even went to Rome, which at that time was thought 
 to need great courage. When he came back to Britain he went 
 to the province of the Hwiccii, over which King Osric ruled, and 
 stayed there a long time preaching the word of faith, and at the 
 same time setting an example of living to those who saw and 
 heard him. At this time the Bishop, Bosel, was so overcome by 
 bodily infirmity that he could not himself fulfil the duties of a 
 bishop, so with the approval of all Oftfor was elected in his 
 place, and by order of King Ethelred was ordained by Bishop 
 Wilfrid, who then held the bishopric of the Middle English, as 
 
 B
 
 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Archbishop Theodore was then dead, and no one yet ordained in 
 his place. A little while earlier, namely before Bosel, a very 
 active and learned man, Tatfrid, who came from Hilda's 
 monastery, had been elected bishop, but died before consecration. 
 
 . . . Cum ergo [Hilda] aliquot annos huic monasterio [Hereteu, 
 i.e. Hartlepool] regularis uitae institutioni multum intenta prae- 
 esset, contigit earn suscipere etiam construendum siue ordi- 
 nandum monasterium in loco, qui uocatur Streaneshalch. . . . 
 Tantum lectioni diuinarum scripturarum suos uacare subditos, 
 tantum operibus iustitiae se exercere faciebat, ut facillime uide- 
 rentur ibidem, qui ecclesiasticum gradum, hoc est altaris officium, 
 apte subirent, plurimi posse reperiri. 
 
 Denique v. ex eodem monasterio postea episcopos uidimus, et 
 hos omnes singularis meriti ac sanctitatis uiros, quorum haec sunt 
 
 nomina, Bosa, Aetla, Oftfor, lohannes et Uilfrid De medio 
 
 nunc dicamus, quia, cum in utroque Hildae abbatissae monasterio 
 lectioni et obseruationi scripturarum operam dedisset, tandem 
 perfectiora desiderans, uenit Cantiam ad archiepiscopum beatae 
 recordationis Theodorum ; ubi postquam aliquandiu lectionibus 
 sacris uacauit, etiam Romam adire curauit, quod eo tempore 
 magnae uirtutis aestimabatur ; et inde cum rediens Brittaniam 
 adisset, diuertit ad prouinciam Huicciorum, cui tunc rex Osric 
 praefuit ; ibique uerbum fidei praedicans, simul et exemplum 
 uiuendi sese uidentibus atque audientibus exhibens, multo tempore 
 mansit. Quo tempore antistes prouinciae illius, uocabulo Bosel, 
 tanta erat corporis infirmitate depressus, ut officium episcopatus 
 per se inplere non posset ; propter quod omnium iudicio praefatus 
 uir in episcopatum pro eo electus, ac iubente Aedilredo rege per 
 Uilfridum beatae memoriae antistitem, qui tunc temporis Medi- 
 terraneorum Anglorum episcopatum gerebat, ordinatus est ; pro 
 eo, quod archiepiscopus Theodorus iam defunctus erat, et necdum 
 alius pro eo ordinatus episcopus. In quam uidelicet prouinciam 
 paulo ante, hoc est ante praefatum uirum Dei Boselum, uir 
 strenuissimus ac doctissimus atque excellentis ingenii uocabulo 
 Tatfrid, de eiusdem abbatissae monasterio electus est antistes ; 
 sed, priusquam ordinari posset, morte inmatura praereptus est.
 
 WORCESTER. 
 
 884. Werfrith, bishop of Worcester, said by the pseudo 
 Asser to have translated Gregory the Great's 
 Dialogues into Latin for King Alfred. 
 
 ["Asser's Life of Alfred," ed. W. H. Stevenson, Oxford, Clarendon 
 Press, 1904, p. 59.] 
 
 In 884, when Alfred was 36 years old, the King, amidst 
 wars and the frequent hindrances of daily life .... never ceased 
 from reading aloud Saxon books and from learning Saxon poems 
 by heart and imparting them to others, and that by himself 
 assiduously according to his power .... 
 
 The sons, too, of those who were brought up in the royal 
 family he loved not less than his own, and never ceased by himself 
 alone day and night among other business to teach them 
 and imbue them with all good manners and learning. But as 
 though he found no consolation in all this and suffered from no 
 other troubles within or without, he used in his anxiety and 
 sorrow by day and night to complain to the Lord, and to all who 
 were united to him in familiar affection, and groaned and sighed 
 continually, that God Almighty had made him ignorant of the 
 divine wisdom and of the liberal arts .... But God .... spurred 
 his mind within not from outside, as it is written " I will hear 
 what the Lord God will speak in me," that he should acquire 
 wherever he could helpers of his good design, those who might 
 help him in the desired knowledge, to arrive at what he desired ; 
 and so he like the wise bee [a long and common-place simile] 
 sends the eyes of his mind afar, seeking abroad what he had not 
 at home, that is, in his own kingdom. 
 
 Then God, unable any longer to endure his well-meant and 
 just complaint, sent the King's benevolence some consolation, as 
 a sort of lamps, Werfrith, the bishop of Worcester, well learned 
 in the divine writings, who by the King's command first translated 
 the books of Pope Gregory's Dialogues and his pupil Peter's from 
 Latin into Saxon, sometimes putting meaning for meaning, 
 elaborately and elegantly ; then Plegmund, a Mercian by birth, 
 archbishop of Canterbury, a venerable man endowed with 
 wisdom ; also Ethelstan and Werwulf, priests and chaplains.
 
 4 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Mercians by birth, learned men. All four of whom the King had 
 summoned to him from Mercia and exalted with honours in the 
 West Saxon kingdom, except those which archbishop Plegmund 
 and bishop Werfrith had in Mercia. Through the learning and 
 wisdom of all of whom the King's desire continually increased 
 and was continually satisfied. For by day and night, whenever 
 he had any leisure, he commanded some of them to read books 
 aloud to him, for he never allowed himself to be without one of 
 them, so that he had knowledge of nearly all books, although by 
 himself he could not understand anything from books. For he 
 had not yet begun to read anything. 
 
 A.D. 884. Nativitatis autem Alfredi regis trigesimo sexto. 
 
 Interea tamen rex inter bella et praesentis vitae frequentia 
 impedimenta . . . . et Saxonicos libros recitare et maxime carmina 
 Saxonica memoriter discere, aliis imperare et solus assidue pro 
 viribus studiosissime non desinebat .... 
 
 Filios quoque eorum qui in regali familia nutriebantur non 
 minus propriis diligens, omnibus bonis moribus instituere et 
 litteris imbuere solus die noctuque inter cetera non desinebat. 
 Sed quasi nuUam in his omnibus consolationem haberet et nuUam 
 aliam intrinsecus et extrinsecus perturbationem pateretur, ita 
 tamen cotidiana et nocturna anxius tristitia ad Dominum et ad 
 omnes, qui sibi famihari dilectione adsciti firent, querelebatur et 
 assiduo gemebat suspirio, quod Deus Omnipotens eum expertem 
 divinae sapientiae et liberalium artium fecisset .... Sed Deus 
 .... instigavit mentem eius interius, non extrinsecus : sicut 
 scriptum est, " Audiam, quid loquatur in me Dominus Deus." 
 Coadiutores bonae meditacionis suae, qui eum in desiderata 
 sapientia adiuvare possent, quo ad concupita perveniret, quando- 
 cunque posset, acquireret ; qui subinde — velut apis prudentissima 
 .... mentis oculos longum dirigit, quaerens extrinsecus quod 
 intrinsecus non habebat, id est in proprio regno suo. 
 
 At tunc Deus quaedam solatia regiae benevolentiae, tam 
 benevolam et justissimam querelam illius diutius non ferens, veluti 
 quaedam luminaria, transmisit Werfrithum, scilicet Wigernensis
 
 WORCESTER. 5 
 
 ecclesiae episcopum, in divlna scilicet scriptura bene eruditum, 
 qui, imperio regis, libros Dialogorum Gregorii papae et Petri sui 
 discipuli de Latinitate primus in Saxonicam linguam, aliquando 
 sensum ex sensu ponens, elucubratim et elegantissime interpre- 
 tatus est ; deinde Plegmundum, Mercium genere, Dorobernensis 
 ecclesiae archiepiscopum, venerabilem scilicet virum, sapientia 
 praeditum ; j?ithelstan quoque et Werwulfum, sacerdotes et 
 capellanos, Mercios genere, erudites. Quos quatuor JEIfred rex 
 de Mercia ad se advocaverat, et multis honoribus et potestatibus 
 extulit in regno Occidentalium Saxonuni, exceptis his, quae 
 Plegmundus archiepiscopus et Werfrithus episcopus in Mercia 
 habebant. Quorum omnium doctrina et sapientia regis indesi- 
 nenter desiderium crescebat et implebatur. Nam die noctuque, 
 quandocunque aliquam licentiam haberet, libros ante se recitare 
 talibus imperabat — non enim unquam sine aliquo eorum se esse 
 pateretur — quapropter pene omnium librorum notitiam habebat, 
 quamvis per se ipsum aliquid adhuc de libris intelligere non 
 posset. Non enim adhuc aliquid legere inceperat. 
 
 C. 893. Alfred the Great dedicates to Waerferth [Wer- 
 frith], bishop of Worcester, his translation of Pope 
 Gregory the Great's Cura Pastoralis, with a program 
 of English education. 
 
 [MS. Bodl. Hatton, 20, ed. H. Sweet, K.E.T. Soc, No. 45, 1871, p. 4. 
 Cf. A. F. Leach's Educational Charters, Canib. Univ. Press, 191 1, p. 22.] 
 
 This book to Worcester. 
 
 King Alfred bids greet bishop Waerferth with his words 
 lovingly and with friendship ; and I let it be known to thee 
 that it has very often come into my mind, what wise men there 
 formerly were throughout the English nation, both of sacred and 
 secular orders .... and also the sacred orders how zealous they 
 were both in teaching and learning, and in all the services they 
 owed to God ; and how foreigners came to this land in search of 
 wisdom and learning, and how we should now have to get them 
 from abroad if we would have them. So general was its decay
 
 6 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 among the English people that there were very few on this side 
 of the Humber who could understand their services in English, 
 or translate a letter from Latin into English ; and I believe that 
 there were not many beyond the Humber. There were so few of 
 them that I cannot remember a single one south of the Thames 
 when I came to the throne. Thanks be to God Almighty that 
 we have any teachers among us now .... When I considered 
 all this I remembered also how I saw, before it had been all 
 ravaged and burnt, how the churches throughout the whole of 
 England stood filled with treasures and books, and there was also 
 a great multitude of God's servants, but they had very little 
 knowledge of the books, for they could not understand any- 
 thing of them, because they were not written in their own 
 language. 
 
 Therefore I think it is better, if you think so too, that we 
 also should translate some of the books, which are most useful 
 for all men to know, into the language which we can all under- 
 stand, and should do as we very easily can with God's help if we 
 have peace, that all the youth of our English freemen, who are 
 rich enough to be able to devote themselves to it, should be set 
 to learning, as long as they are not fit for any other occupation, 
 until they are well able to read English writing : and further let 
 those afterwards learn Latin who will continue in learning, and 
 go to a higher rank. When I remembered how the knowledge 
 of Latin had formerly decayed among the English, and yet many 
 could read English writing, I began, among other various and 
 manifold troubles of this kingdom, to translate into English the 
 book which is called in Latin Pastoralis, and in English The 
 Herd's Book, sometimes word for word and sometimes meaning 
 for meaning, as I had learnt it from Plegmund my archbishop, 
 and Asser my bishop, and Grimbold my mass priest, and John 
 my mass priest. And when I had learnt it to the best of my 
 ability, and as I could most clearly interpret it, I translated it 
 into English, and I will send a copy to every bishopric in my 
 kingdom, with a clasp on each worth fifty mancuses. And 
 I forbid in God's name anyone to take the clasp from the book 
 or the book from the minster.
 
 WORCESTER. 
 
 Dios boc sceal to Wigora ceastre. 
 
 Alfred kyning hateth gretan Waerferth biscep his wordiim 
 luflice end freondlice ; ond the cythan hate thaet me com swithe 
 oft on gemynd, hwelce wiotaii iu waeron giond Angelcynn, 
 aegther ge godcundra hada ge worul[d]cundra .... ond eac tha 
 godcundan hadas hu giorne hie waeron aegther ge ymb lare ye 
 ymb liornunga, ge ymb ealle tha thiowotdomas the hie Gode[don] 
 scoldon ; ond hu man utanbordes wisdom ond lare hieder on 
 lond sohte, on hu we hie nu sceoldon ute begietan gif we hie 
 habban sceoldon. Swae claene hio waes othfeallenu on Angel- 
 cynne thaet swithe feawa waeron behionan Humbre the hiora 
 thcninga cuthen understondan on Englisc, oththe furthum an 
 aerendgewrit of Laedene on Englisc areccean ; ond ic wene 
 thaet[te] noht monige begiondan Humbre naeren. Swae feawa 
 hiora waeron thaet ic furthum anne anlepne ne maeg gethencean 
 be suthan Temese tha tha ic to rice feng. Gode aelmihtegum sie 
 thonc thaet[te] we nu aenigne on stal habbath lareowa .... Da 
 ic that this call gemunde tha gemunde ic eac hu ic geseah, 
 aerthemthe hit eall forhergod waere ond forbaerned, hu tha 
 ciricean giond eall Angelcynn stodon mathma ond boca gefyldae 
 ond eac micel men[i]geo Codes thiowa, ond tha swithe lytle 
 fiorme thara boca wiston, forthaemthe hie hiora nan wuht ongiotan 
 ne meahton forthaemthe hie naeron on hiora agen gethiode 
 awritene. 
 
 Forthy me thyncth betre, gif iow swae thyncth, thaet we eac 
 sumae bcc, tha the niedbethearfosta sien eallum monnum to 
 wiotonne, thaet we tha on thaet gethiode wenden the we ealle 
 gecnawan maegen, ond ge don swae we swithe eathe magon mid 
 Codes fultume, gif we tha stilnesse habbath, thaet[te] eall sio 
 gioguth the nu is on Angelcynne friora monna, thara the tha 
 speda haebben thaet hie thaem befeolan maegen, sien to 
 liornunga othfaeste, tha hwile the hie to nanre otherre note ne 
 maegen, oth thone first the hie wel cunnen Englisc gewrit 
 araedan : laere mon siththan ftirthur on Laedengethiode tha the 
 nion fiirthor laeran wille ond to hieran hade don wille. Tha ic 
 tha gemunde hu sio lar Laedengethiodes acr thissum afeallen 
 waes giond Angelcynn, ond theah monige cuthon Englisc gewrit
 
 8 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 araedan, tha ongan ic ongemang othrum mislicum ond manig- 
 fealdum bisgum thisses kynerices tha boc wendan on Englisc the 
 is genemned on Laeden Pastoralis, ond on Englisc Hierdeboc, 
 hwllum word be worde, hwihim andgit of andgi[e]te, swae swae 
 ic hie geliornode aet Plegmunde minum aercebiscepe ond aet 
 Assere minum biscepe ond aet Grimbolde minum maesseprioste 
 ond aet lohanne minum maessepreoste. Siththan ic hie tha 
 geliornod haefde, swae swae ic hie forstod, ond swae ic hie 
 andgitfuUicost arcccean meahte, ic hie on Englisc awende ; ond 
 to aelcum biscepstole on minum rice wille ane onsendan ; ond on 
 aelcre bith an aestel, se bith on fiftegum mancessa. Ond ic 
 bebiode on Godes naman thaet nan mon thone aestel from thaere 
 bee ne do, ne tha boc from thaem mynstre. 
 
 C. 941 — C. 970. St. Oswald's education and foundation 
 of a monastery at Worcester. 
 
 [From Anonymous Life, written between 995 and 1005, probably 
 by a monk of Ramsey, Hants. \^ita S. Oswaldi, B.M. Cott., Nero 
 E.i. saec. xi., jirinted in " Historians of the Church of York/' I. 
 (Rolls Ser., No. 71), ed. Canon James Raine. 1879.] 
 
 Oswald, nephew of Odo, Archbishop of Canterbury, was 
 baptized in infancy, and in a few years sent to school. With 
 money given by his uncle he bought the minster at Winchester, 
 the Benedictine rule being then unknown in England. They were 
 then a college of secular clerks, very religious and worthy men, 
 but being married, bestowed the treasures of the church on their 
 wives. After some time Oswald had scruples, and asked his 
 uncle's leave to go abroad and serve God. His uncle told him 
 to go to the monastery of St. Benedict at Fleury, presided over 
 by Wulfald, who with his surpliced flock received him with 
 honour, and taught him the monastic rule. He became an earnest 
 " convert," not like the tepid novices of the present day [995- 
 1005]. After prayers he sought recreation in reading the Bible, 
 and so was drenched with ambrosial scent. He had a sweet, 
 high, and beautiful voice, with great skill in using it. He
 
 WORCESTER. 9 
 
 remained at Fleury for many years. He learnt the monastic rule 
 and the church services by heart, so as to be able to teach at 
 home what he had learnt abroad. A youth named Germanus, 
 from the city of Winchester, accompanied Oswald. After long 
 trial as a novice, Germanus found various good characters in 
 each of the brethren, viz., in the abbot, wisdom ; in the dean, 
 goodness ; in the provost, long-suffering ; in the librarian, know- 
 ledge of things to come ; in the cellarer, trustworthiness ; in the 
 precentor, a certain hope ; in the schoolmaster, perfect love ; in 
 the seniors, zeal for God ; in the juniors, love for God ; and in 
 the rest of the brethren the rest of the gifts of the Spirit. 
 Oswald sent for him, and entrusted to him pupils to be instructed 
 in monastic life. Many clerks had come to Oswald to be subjected 
 to his holy discipline, conspicuous among them being Eadnoth, 
 the venerable priest. Within a few months there were there the 
 sacred number of twelve, without counting boys. He therefore 
 collected them at Westbury, where they served God more than 
 twice two years. King Edgar was especially kind to monks, 
 whom he honoured as brothers and loved as sons. He held clerks 
 in detestation ; turning out the droning clerks from the minsters 
 for men of our [monkish] habit. Bishop Oswald founded two 
 monasteries ; one in the city, over which he placed Wynsin, 
 a reverend priest, who had been instructed [in the monastic rule] 
 in the school of our monastery [Ramsey] ; another at Winchcombe, 
 over which he placed Germanus, dean of Ramsey, who was 
 succeeded at Ramsey by Aethelnoth. 
 
 p. 401. Incipit pars in qua demonstratur cujus generis sit. 
 
 Religiosus vir Domini, Oswaldus gratia Summi Opificis erat 
 in pueritia praeventus per quam sacro lavacro extitit ablutus, et 
 septemplici dono Sancti Flaminis ornatus, sicut ordo demonstrat 
 ecclesiasticus. Revolutis perpaucis annis Solaris cycli atque 
 lunaris globi, traditus est castissimae doctrinae. ... Si genus 
 agnoscere desideras, introducatur unus elatus a grege Christi 
 ex plurimis, Oda scilicet archiepiscopus civitatis Cantiae, qui ejus 
 dinoscitur esse patruus. 
 
 Q
 
 10 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 p. 410. Pars Secunda. 
 
 Cernens vero reverendus patruus suus ipsum inditos assumere 
 mores, et intelligens igniculum in eo supernum flagrantem, 
 oppido eum dilexit, et privilegio honore constituit, adjuvandoque 
 munera perplurima concessit, cum quibus sibi monasterium quod 
 est in Wintonia positum acquisivit, donando digno pretio. Erat 
 enim valde inclytus in omnibus operibus suis, amabilis, et affabilis 
 omnibus amicis suis. Fulgebat quotidie in sericis vestibus, et 
 epulabatur per singulos soles splendide, cui suppeditabant gazae 
 terrestres, necnon honores, quos servavit Christo non sibi sicut 
 postea rei probavit eventus. 
 
 In diebus illis non monastici viri, nee ipsius sanctae institu- 
 tionis regulae erant in regione Anglorum, sed erant religiosi et 
 dignissimi clerici qui tamen thesauros suos, quos avidis acquire- 
 bant cordibus, non ad ecclesiae honorem, sed suis dare solebant 
 uxoribus. Cum his mansitabat pius adolescens, velut Loth in 
 Sodomis. . . . Intimare humili elogio studuit beatissimo patri suo 
 desiderii voluntatem. . . . Dixit enim satis hilariter. " Ultra 
 marinas vellem visitare partes, si tuae potentiae ratum esset et in 
 loco quo tuus affectus decreverit, Deo servire et Sanctis Ejus, 
 quatenus recipi merear in dextera parte coronandus, post generale 
 judicium justi Arbitri." . . . Praecepit pater venerandus ut ad 
 beatissimi et luculentissimi confessoris atque abbatis Benedicti 
 properaret arcisterium, ex quo idem pontifex suscepit monasticae 
 religionis habitum, sciens profecto inibi esse perfectissimos Dei 
 
 servos, quos prae caeteris exornat religionis diadema 
 
 Regimen vero ipsius celeberrimi loci ea tempestate praeclarus 
 famulus Christi Wlfald gloriosis tenuit actibus, qui ejus adventum 
 audiens dignis auribus, laetus est corde effectus ; quem cum 
 laudabili excepit honore, ac postmodum infra monasterii claustra 
 introduxit cum veneratione. . . . Coepit eum dehinc pastor bonus 
 omnisque candidus grex totis nisibus diligere, et diligendo regu- 
 laria ei sollicite instituta diligenter ostendere. Ille autem non 
 enerviter gessit, ut plerique solent conversi in diebus nostris, qui 
 non tantum tepidi solent fieri, sed etiam frigidi, non reminisccntes 
 illud Propheticum, Maledictus homo qui opus Dei facit negli- 
 genter. . . . Orationibus rite explicitis, recreab^tur lectionibus
 
 WORCESTER. ll 
 
 divinis, qui sic quotidie refertus nitidis ceiiis, et poculo salutifero 
 potatus, Salomonis nectareo et ambrosio est odore perfusus. . . . 
 Tria in uno, dono Dei, habebat dona, ut autumo, vocis pulchritu- 
 dinem, et pulchritudinis suavitateni, et altitudinem cum vocis 
 modulatione. Justitiae quoque amator per plurimos in Floriaco 
 coenobio permansit annos, quo florent filii Floriacensis monasterii 
 nitidius sole. 
 
 p. 419. Pars III. 
 
 . . . Coepit more sanctae monasticae legis memoriter agnoscere, 
 et ecclesiastica digniter officia retinere ; desiderans, Domino 
 clementer annuente, in patria docere suis, quae extra proprium 
 solum didicit ab extraneis. 
 
 p. 421. De eo qualiter praesul Christi ad regulam electus, 
 postea monachos coadunare soUicite studuit. 
 Sequebatur eum quidam adolescens ex Wintonia civitate, 
 nomine Germanus, sicut ille in Evangelio Dominum, quem pras- 
 cipuo dilexit amore. Huic quoque antidotum fratres exhibuerunt 
 monasticum, quem in pulsatorio probaverunt diutissime, osten- 
 dentes ei dura et aspera. . . . Egressus autem a loco temptationis, 
 partes bonitatis sumpsit in singulis fratribus ; verbi gratia in 
 patre monasterii sapientiam repperit, in decano bonitatem invenit, 
 in praeposito patientiam vidit, in armario cognitionem futurarum 
 rerum, in cellerario fidem firmam, in cantore spem certam, in 
 magistro scolae caritatem perfectam, in senioribus zelum Dei, in 
 junioribus amorem ipslus, in ceteris fratribus cetera inedicibilia 
 dona. . . . Remisit post hunc episcopus Oswaldus ; qui cum 
 venisset cum honore et gaudio suscepit divino quia conspexit esse 
 DIvinae justitiae opus in eo ; qui ruminare coepit jugi medita- 
 tione quae didicerat ; cui commendavit discipulos ad erudiendum 
 monastico more. . . . Veniebant perplurimi fideles clerici ad 
 beatum Oswaldum, qui ejus Sanctis disciplinis desiderabant subjici, 
 inter quos resplenduit prudentia Eadnothus venerandus sacerdos. 
 . . . Factumque est ut post paucorum excursum mensium numerum 
 excederent sacro-duodenarium exceptis parvulis, de quorum 
 summa societate beatus praesul laetus est efFectus, quia fideli 
 mente credidit Deo quod suam vellet perficere voluntatem.
 
 12 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Collegit eosdem in quadam parochia sui episcopatus quae West- 
 blrig dicitur, quo assidue Divina patravere orgia et munia, sicut 
 demonstrat regularls norma. . . . Mansitabant in praedicto loco 
 servi Dei bis binis vel amplius aniiorum spatils, qui ut diximus 
 quotidiano victu contenti erant. . . . Rex autem armipotens 
 Eadgar . . . mitis et bonus omnibus, maxime monachis, quos 
 honorabat ut fratres, diligebat ut carissimos filios. Clericos 
 perosos habuit ; nostri habitus viros, sicut diximus, honoravit 
 abjectis ex coenobiis clericorum neniis. 
 
 p. 435. Cap. IV. 
 Constituit vero Oswaldus pontifex duo monasteria, hoc est in 
 civitate qua rexit pontificali laude unum, alterum in Wincelcum, 
 quo in praefecit Germanum nostri monasterii decanum, quem 
 consecravit et in loco constituit praedicto, associans sibi fratres 
 quibus praeesse potuisset. Nobis autem praeposuit Aethelnothum 
 virum prudentem, et illis qui sub eo erant in civitate anteposuit 
 Wynsinum reverendum presbyterum, qui erat apud nostri 
 coenobii gymnasium eruditus, cui annexuit quosdam fratres ex 
 nostro choro. 
 
 C. 941 — C. 970, False story of St. Oswald's education 
 and teaching as told by Eadmer, c. 1 1 18. 
 
 [Vita Sancti Oswakli archiepiscojii, printed in " Historians of the 
 Cluuch of York and its Archbisliops," II. (Rolls Scr., No. 71, from 
 MS. C.C.C. Cambridge, No. 371, f. 214).] 
 
 Oswald, nephew of Odo, Archbishop of Canterbury, was sent 
 to him as a boy to be brought up to learning. He was sent 
 to school under Master Frithegod, who excelled all the learned 
 of his time in secular as well as divine learning, and in a short 
 time became highly proficient. Having been fully imbued with 
 the learning of secular works he turned to the study of the 
 Scriptures. Then he is sent to Winchester to live with the 
 canons and learn to imitate anything worthy of imitation in their 
 life. He lived a regular among irregulars, but diligently 
 followed the canonical life and was elected dean, a youth over 
 seniors. Then is sent to Fleury. There devoted to reading 
 
 I
 
 WORCESTER. 1 3 
 
 the Scriptures, he taught others what he had learnt himself. He 
 returned, and when St. Dunstan succeeded his uncle as archbishop, 
 he succeeded Dunstan as Bishop of Worcester. By direction of 
 Pope John at a council held by Dunstan (in 964) all canons, 
 priests, deacons and sub-deacons were ordered to become celibates 
 or resign. The execution of the decree was given by King 
 Edgar to Oswald, Bishop of Worcester, and Ethelwald, Bishop 
 of Winchester. 
 
 St. Oswald established seven monasteries in his diocese, turning 
 out the clerks, who preferred their wives to their churches, with 
 pensions. He also, on request, sent to some churches, which he 
 did not govern as he did those above-mentioned, masters of the 
 monastic discipline as well as of grammar and the liberal arts 
 who had either been taught in France and brought by him to 
 England, or being taught by him in his own monasteries had a 
 reputation for learning. Among them a monk of Fleury, called 
 Abbo, well instructed in secular and divine learning, was 
 sent to teach the monks and keep school at Ramsey, and advance 
 all he could in the regular discipline and literary knowledge. 
 Hence the liberal arts, which before had for divers reasons fallen 
 into neglect in England, everywhere, everyway, blossomed 
 through Father Oswald's industry and care. 
 
 But when St. Oswald set himself to the correction of the 
 Worcester clerks, they, seeing into what straits he wished to drive 
 them as to their conduct, shut their hearts to his words, and 
 would not allow them to enter their minds. So with the advice 
 of Father Dunstan, on which he used to rely, and the consent of 
 King Edgar, he began to build a monastery in his episcopal see, 
 in which to collect monks to live with him. He dedicated this 
 church when finished to Mary the holy and ever virgin mother 
 of God, and there assembled monks to serve Christ in holy living. 
 So the clerks met in the episcopal see, anciently founded in the 
 name of the glorious Prince of the Apostles Peter, and the monks 
 lived together in the new church under the patronage of St. Mary. 
 For some time the people frequented each church in turn. But 
 shortly after, wondering and reviewing in wonder the religiousness 
 of the monks, they began by degrees to desert the college of
 
 14 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 clerks and to go to the service which the monks did, because as 
 their reason told them, this was done in a more honourable way, 
 and one more worthy of God. So it happened that as the people 
 changed from one church to the other, so were their offerings, so 
 that what one lost the other gained. Why do I hesitate .'' The oldest 
 and most dignified of the clerks, Winsin by name, rejecting the 
 secular life became a monk with all his property. Whereupon the 
 servant of God [Oswald] greatly rejoiced, and shortly after sent him 
 to Ramsey to be fully instructed in heavenly learning, and when he 
 was instructed brought him back and set him as teacher over the 
 monks collected at Worcester. . . . Some of the clerks seeing this 
 felt compunctions, and considering that they could not strike 
 against God, spurning the world and all worldly pomp, subject 
 themselves to Christ's yoke, and become monks amongst those 
 they had execrated a little while before. So in this way the seat 
 of the episcopal office was translated from St. Peter to the mother 
 of the Lord Saviour, from clerks to monks. 
 
 Hujus igitur patris [Odonis] nepos puer Dei Oswaldus exis- 
 tens, a parentibus suis ejus doctrinis imbuendus, ejus exemplis insti- 
 tuendus, ei commendatus est. Qui ex conversatione tanti viri 
 sese felicem fore pronuntians, nee miraculorum, quae nonnunquam 
 assunt malis, sed virtutum ejus, sine quibus nemo fit bonus, 
 imitator esse curabat. Unde et ab omnibus diligebatur ; non 
 solum quia tanta carnis propinquitate illi copulabatur, sed etiam 
 quia versus omnes id egerant merita ejus ut a cunctis amaretur. 
 Traditur litteris et cujusdam viri, Frithegodi nomine, qui in 
 Divinis ac saecularibus disciplinis quosque sui temporis sapientes 
 praecellere putabatur magisterio functus, studiosius discit, et in 
 brevi plurimum profecit. Spiritus namque sapientiae et intellectus 
 super eo quiescebat, inspirans ei gratiam suam, et cor intelligens 
 ad singula quae discenda audiebat. Saecularium ergo librorum 
 scientia ad plenum imbutus, Divinarum paginis litterarum sedula 
 intentione animum tradit. Ex quibus sancto caritatis igne in 
 Deum proximumque succensus, in contemptum mundi totus 
 erigitur ; et qualiter servitio Dei mereretur omni modo ascisci, 
 singulis horis meditatur.
 
 WORCESTER. I5 
 
 Inter haec Wintoniam a patruo suo, supra-memorato scilicet 
 glorioso Odone, dirigitur, quatinus ibi degeiis, si quam forte in 
 canonicis viam vitac imitandae reperiret, disceret et imitaretur. 
 Quid amplius ? Fit canonicus inter canonicos ipsos ; si quaeritur 
 qualis inter quales ? regularis inter irregulares. Ipse etenim 
 quae institutio vitae canonicorum docet et praecipit indefessus 
 exequebatur. Illi spreta institutione ordinis sui juxta cordium 
 suorum desideria gradiebantur. Unde admirandus cunctis effectus 
 ob plenitudinem gratiae Dei, quae in nioribus ejus enitebat, 
 decanus factus adolescens praeponitur senibus. 
 
 Mittitur ergo juvenis Floriacum, illic floribus fulciendus 
 virtutum. . . . Praeterea lectioni divinae crebro intendebat, et 
 quae docente Domino inde didicisset, hilari vultu, corde benigno 
 minus scientes edocebat. . . . Factumque est pia Dei dispositione, 
 ut sicut patruo Sancti Oswaldi Cantuariae Beatus Dunstanus, ita 
 Sancto Dunstano in episcopatu Wigorniae succederet Beatus 
 Oswaldus. 
 
 Per idem tempus, ex sanctione et auctoritate Johannis 
 Apostolicae sedis antistitis, Beatus Dunstanus archiepiscopus 
 Cantuariae et primas totius Britanniae, cujus pauIo superius 
 mentionem fecimus, coacto generali concilio statuit, et statuendo 
 decretum confirmavit ; videlicet ut canonici omnes, presbyteri 
 omnes, diaconi et subdiaconi omnes aut caste viverent, aut 
 ecclesias quas tenebant una cum rebus ad eas pertinentibus 
 perderent. Habebat autem regem Edgarum in hoc negotio 
 fidelem fautorem, constantem adjutorem, firmum defensorem. 
 Qui rex, ipsius patris consilio utens, curam exequendi decreti 
 hujus super totum regnum duobus viris injunxit Oswaldo scilicet 
 episcopo Wigornensi, et Athelwaldo Wintoniensi. 
 
 Nam, ut de aliis taceam, Beatus Oswaldus septem monasteria 
 in sua dioecesi regulari disciplina, ejectis clericis feminarum 
 consortium ecclesiis anteponentibus, instituit ; delegato eis super 
 ea quae ecclesiae prius habebant tanto ex munificentia regis et 
 aliorum principum regni subsidio rerum ut cohabitantibus 
 sufficeret ad victum atque vestitum. 
 
 p. 17. Venerant praeterea ad Beatum Oswaldum ante ejus 
 adventum nonnulli ex Anglorum prosapia nati, sacro ipsius
 
 l6 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 magisterio se subdentes, et eum sibi patrem ac rectorem in via 
 quae ducit ad vitam constituentes. Inter hos fuit quidam, 
 Eadnothus nomine, qui gradu sacerdotii functus ob sagacitatem 
 et industriam suam Senior ab aliis cognoininabatur. Collecti 
 itaque fratres duodenarii numeri summam complent, quos pater 
 Oswaldus, ut juxta sancti propositi normam Domino Christo die 
 noctuque servirent, in villa sui pontificatus quae Westberi dicitur 
 collocavit ; instituens eis praefatum Germanum praepositum et 
 institutorem, necnon delegans ex suis quae illis sufficerent ad 
 eorum sustentationem. 
 
 p. 22. Super haec nonnullis ecclesiis, quibus ipse non eo 
 quo superioribus modo intendebat, tarn disciplinae regularis quam 
 et grammaticae liberaliumque artium magistros postulatus 
 dirigebat, qui aut in Galliis docti ac per cum in Angliam ducti, 
 aut certe sua sagacitate in monasteriis suis imbuti, sapientes et 
 praeclari habebantur. Inter quos quidam Floriacensis monachus 
 erat Abbo vocatus, morum sanctitate praeclarus, ac litterarum 
 tam saecularium quam Divinarum scientia apprime instructus. 
 Hunc pater Oswaldus posuit in coenobio Ramesiensi monachos 
 docere, scholas regere, et quibuscunque valeret cum in disciplina 
 regularium turn in scientia litterarum prodesse. Quod et tecit. 
 Hinc ergo processit, ut cum religionis augmento liberales artes, 
 quae prius ob diversos casus in neglectum per Angliam venerant, 
 quaquaversum patris Oswaldi industria et sollicitudine eventilatae 
 multipliciter pullularent. . . . Beatus autem Oswaldus ubi se 
 correctioni clericorum Wigornensium intromittere aggressus est ; 
 ipsi advertentes in quas, quantum suos mores attinebat, eos 
 angustias vellet detrudere, statim verbis ejus aditum sui cordis 
 occluserunt, nee ea sensum suum penetrare ulla ratione passi sunt 
 Qua de re sumpto a patre Dunstano, cui consueverat inniti 
 prudenti consilio, annuente jam saepe-memorato glorioso rege 
 Edgaro, monasterium infra ipsam sedem episcopalem construere 
 coepit ; in quo quibuscum conversaretur monachos adunaret. 
 
 p. 24. Perfectam ecclesiam ipse in honore Sanctae et per- 
 petuae Virginis Dei genitricis Mariae dedicavit ; ibique, ut pro- 
 posuerat, monachos in sancta conversatione Christo servituros 
 congregavit. Clerici ergo in sede episcopali, quae sub nomine
 
 WORCESTER. 1 7 
 
 gloriosi Apostolorum principis Petri fundata antiquitus fuerat, 
 conveniebant ; et monachi in nova ecclesia sub patrocinio Sanctae 
 Mariae una degebant. At plebs nunc istani, nunc illam ecclesiam 
 vicissim aliquamdiu frequentabat. Sed post dies admirantes et 
 admirando venerantes monachorum religiositatem, paulatim se 
 clericorum coUegio coeperunt absentare, et servitio Dei quod 
 monachi faciebant praesentes adesse ; propterea quod quemad- 
 modum sibi ratio mentis suae dicebat, decentius et Deo dignius 
 servitio clericorum fiebat. Unde et flictum est, ut sicut plebis 
 mutatio ab una ecclesia in aliam facta est, ita et plebis oblatio 
 mutata sit ; dum igitur in eo quod illi perdunt, isti lucrantur ; in 
 quo illi deficiunt, isti multiplicantur. Quid morer ? Qui major 
 natu et honorabilior inter clericos habebatur Wensinus nomine, 
 abjectis saecularibus cunctis, se et omnia sua factus monachus 
 monachis largitus est. Super quo famulus Dei mire laetatus eum 
 elapso brevi tempore studiis caelestibus pleniter erudiendum 
 Ramesiam dirigit, et eruditum inde reducens adunatis monachis 
 Wigorniae morum praeceptorem constituit, quem enini in clericatu 
 juxta mores antiques semper amatorem honesti sciebat, hunc 
 nihilo minus in monachatu fautorem et executorem fore honesti 
 spe certa sibi promittebat. Unde nee falsus est. Bonum quippe, 
 quod pater de eo sperabat, ipse magnopere in bonis actibus 
 accumulabat. Quae omnia clericorum nonnulli attendentes, et 
 mente compuncti, consilium contra Deum non esse perpendentes, 
 spreto saeculo, spreta omni pompa saeculari, jugo se Christi sub- 
 jiciunt ; et inter monachos, quos paulo ante nimium execrabantur, 
 monachi flierunt. Audires ad haec quamplurimos hominum 
 stupendo cantare, O vere mutatio dexterae Excelsi ! Hoc itaque 
 modo a Beato Petro in Matrem Domini Salvatoris, a clericis in 
 monachos, translata est sedes pontificalis honoris. 
 
 C. 1020 and C. 1040. Wulstan's education at Peter- 
 borough and service as schoolmaster of the boy- 
 monks at Worcester. 
 
 [" Florence of Worcester's Chronicle," edited by Benjamin 'I'horpe, 
 English Historical Society, 1H48, i., 217-8.] 
 
 A.D. 1058. — Bishop Aldred of Worcester dedicated a church 
 which he had founded in the city of Gloucester to St. Peter, 
 
 D
 
 i8 ;early education. 
 
 Prince of the Apostles, and afterwards with the royal licence 
 made Wulstan, a monk of Worcester, abbot. 
 
 A.D. 1062. — The Venerable Wulstan is made bishop of the 
 church of Worcester. Born in Mercia in Warwickshire of 
 devout parents, his father being named Ealstan, and his mother 
 Wulfgeof, he was excellently educated in grammar and the 
 church service in Peterborough monastery. His parents were so 
 zealous for religion that, long before the end of their lives, they took 
 vows of chastity and separated and took the habit of religion. The 
 boy, stirred by their example, and urged especially by his mother, 
 left the world and took the monk's habit in the same monastery 
 at Worcester in which his father had served God, and was 
 ordained by Bishop Brihteagh, by whom he was made both 
 deacon and priest. From the very beginning he led a highly 
 religious life, and was at once admired for his watchings, fasts, 
 prayers, and all kind of virtues. So because of the regularity of 
 his conduct, he was first made for some time master and keeper 
 of the boys, then because of his skill in the church service, by the 
 seniors' order, Precentor and Treasurer of the church. . . . Once, 
 which I would scarcely have believed if I had not heard it from 
 his own mouth, he went for four days and nights without sleep, 
 and would have run great risk from the drying up of his brain, 
 if he had not hastened to satisfy nature by sleep. But even 
 when the force of nature made him go to sleep, he did not 
 compose his limbs to slumber with a bed or bedding, but lay 
 down for a little while on a bench in the church, supporting his 
 head with the book from which he was praying or reading. 
 
 A.D. 1058. — Aldredus Wigorniensis episcopus ecclesiam, 
 quam in civitate Glaworna a fundamentis construxerat, in honorem 
 principis Apostolorum Petri, honorifice dedicavit, et postea, regis 
 licentia, Wlstanum Wigorniensem monachum a se ordinatum, 
 abbatem constituit ibidem. 
 
 A.D. 1062. — Wlstanus vir venerandus, pontifex Wigorniensi 
 ecclesiae praeficitur. Hie Deo amabilis, regione Merciorum in 
 provincia Warewicensi, parentibus religiosis oriundus, patre 
 videlicet Ealstano, matre vero Wlfgeova nomine ; in nobili 
 autem monasterio, quod Burh nominatur, litteris et ecclesiasticis
 
 WORCESTER. I9 
 
 officiis optime extitit imbutus. Qui ambo, scilicet parentes ejus, 
 in tantum religioni studebant, ut longe ante finem vitae castitatem 
 professi, se ab invicem separantes, sub sanctae conversationis 
 habitu vitam consummare gauderent. Quorum exemplo ipse 
 adolescens incitatus, matre id maxime persuadente, saeculum 
 reliquit, atque in eodem Wigorniensi monasterio, quo et ante pater 
 suus Deo servierat, monachicum habitum et ordinem a venerabili 
 Brihteago, ejusdem ecclesiae episcopo, suscepit ; a quo etiam in 
 graduni tarn diaconatus quam presbyteratus ordinatus est ; 
 statimque in ipso initio arduam et omni religiositate plenam vitam 
 arripiens, in vigiliis, jejuniis, orationibus, omnique virtutum 
 genere, subito admirandus apparuit. Hinc, ob morum disciplinam, 
 primo magister et custos infantium aliquandiu constituitur ; 
 deindc, ob solertiam ecclesiastici officii, cantor simul et thesau- 
 rarius ecclesiae ex praecepto seniorum efficitur. Aliquando, quod 
 a nobis vix crederetur, si non ab ipsius ore hoc audissemus, 
 quatuor dies cum noctibus absque somno transigens, fere exsiccato 
 cerebro periculum incurreret, nisi sopore praelibato naturae 
 satisfacere maturaret. Denique et cum vi naturae dormire com- 
 pelleretur, non lecto aut lectosterniis membra ad soporem fovebat, 
 sed super aliquod scamnum ecclesiae, libro in quo orabat sive 
 legebat caput sustentans, paulisper se reclinabat. 
 
 1265. Saturday before 2 Feb. The Carnary founded 
 and the chaplains ordered to attend school. 
 
 [From recital of Ordinance, i Oct. 1385, by Bishop Henry Wake- 
 field's Register. Soc. Antiq., Prattinton MSS., Worcester Cathedral, 
 viii., 384. Printed copy in "A Survey of the Cathedral Church of 
 Worcester," by William Thomas, D.D. London, 1736. Appendix, 
 p. 26.] 
 
 Bishop Walter of Cantilupe recites the building by Bishop 
 William of Blois of a chapel between the great church and the 
 bishop's hall, of elegant width, with a competent crypt under- 
 neath, in which he caused bones of many faithful departed 
 to be deposited, from which the whole chapel is commonly called 
 the Carnary (charnel house). To give effect to Blois' thought,
 
 20 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 and provide for his memory and that of himself and his pre- 
 decessors and all the faithful, and in hope of greater provision for 
 the future, so that chaplains may for ever celebrate divine service 
 in the same to the praise of God and the Virgin Mary, St. Thomas 
 the Martyr, in whose honour it was built, and of All Saints, Cantl- 
 lupe now ordains : Four chaplains always resident, of whom one 
 to be perpetual master, to be appointed by the bishop. The chap- 
 lains shall sing together in the chapel at the canonical hours, 
 observing the use of Sarum, and shall come together to the said 
 chapel in the morning at least as soon as the first peal is rung in the 
 city, and the same at the evening hour ; as to masses, before they 
 go to school a mass of the day shall be celebrated with music, and 
 lessons finished (literally, lectures heard) ; three masses for the 
 dead shall be celebrated daily with or without music as they will. 
 
 All the chaplains shall frequent school together, eat together, 
 and sleep in one house. 
 
 Of twenty marks (13/. 6.?. 8f/.) assigned for their maintenance, 
 the master is to pay i/. a year to each of the three for wages, 
 and from the rest to provide maintenance in food and drink, viz., 
 every day a good wheaten loaf and good beer, such as the city 
 commonly produces, a sufficient dish of meat, and such a pittance 
 as the state of the country and the season allows. The master to 
 find a clerk and lights, books, vestments, and other charges of 
 the chapel ; and a servant and other expenses of their house. 
 
 The Sacrist to keep the chapel and house in repair. No 
 laity, especially not women, may be admitted to live with them ; 
 the laity are not to have frequent access to them, and women 
 none ; nor shall the chaplains wander round or frequent suspect 
 places, but behave themselves in all things as becomes priests. 
 Those contributing advice or assistance to this ordinance to share 
 all the good works done in it and the bishop's blessing ; those 
 hindering or violating it to incur the curse of God, the Virgin, 
 SS. Peter and Paul, and its patron St. Thomas the Martyr. Dated 
 Saturday before the Purification of the Virgin (2 Feb.), 1265. 
 
 Uniuersis Christi fidelibus Walterus de Cantilupo miseracione 
 diuina Wygorniensis episcopus, salutem in Domino. Cum bone
 
 WORCESTER. 21 
 
 memorie Willelmus de Bleys, quondam Wygorniensis episcopus 
 predecessor noster quandam capellam apud Wygorniarn inter 
 maiorem ecclesiam et aulam episcopi opere construi fecerit eleganti, 
 et sub eadem cryptam competentem, in qua multorum ossa recondi 
 fidelium constituit defunctorum, que quidem tota capella pre- 
 dicta Carnaria vulgariter nuncupatur ; Nos considerantes pium 
 fore ac salubre, cogitacionis efFectum in predicta capella pre- 
 decessoris nostri, qui tale post se memoriale reliquit, nostrique 
 antecessorum nostrorum, omniumque fidelium deflinctorum me- 
 morie providere, ut in predicta capella ad diuini cultus augmentum 
 perpetualiter capellani qui in memoriam predictorum, ad laudem 
 Dei et beate Marie Virginis et beati Thome Martyris, in cuius 
 nomine et honore dicta capella est constructa, omniumque sanc- 
 torum diuina celebrent in eadem, deuocionis ducti fervore, de con- 
 sensu capituli nostri Wygornie taliter sub spe uberioris providencie 
 atque fortune, in nomine Patris, Filii & Spiritus Sancti duximus 
 ordinandum Statuentes quod in predicta capella, que carnaria 
 dicitur, sint iiij capellani continuo residentes quorum unus sit 
 magister perpetuus ibidem ad disposicionem episcopi prefigendus ; 
 qui quidem capellani in divinis officiis in horis canonicis et aliis 
 que sibi incumbunt, usum Sarum obseruantes, pro viribus simul 
 psallant, et ad dictam capellam mane conuenient ad minus quam 
 cito in ciuitate pulsatur, eodem modo facient ad horam vespertinam ; 
 circa missarum autem officium ita se habeant capellani quod cotidie 
 ante quam scolas adeant celebretur una missa de die cum nota, et 
 auditis leccionibus tres celebrentur cotidie pro defiinctis, et hoc 
 sine nota, si voluerint, vel cum nota. 
 
 Circa statum vero capellanorum predictorum qualiter se habere 
 debeant in victu et gestu taliter ordinamus, videlicet, quod omnes 
 scolas exerceant, simul comedant et in una domo simul dormiant. 
 
 De viginti autem marcis ad capellanorum sustentacionem in 
 dictis locis specialiter deputatis predictus magister cuilibet iij sacer- 
 dotum XX solidos annuatim pro stipendio exhibere, de reliquo 
 vero quod superest teneatur in exhibicione esculenti et potulenti 
 eisdem ; ita scilicet quod cotidie habeant bonum panem triticeum 
 et bonam ceriuisiam cuiusmodi bona in ciuitate dicta communiter 
 consueuit fieri, et unum ferculum sufficiens et honestum cum una
 
 22 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 pitancia competenti prout status patrie et temporum qualitas 
 diversimode se extendet. 
 
 Tenebitur dictus magister de dicta pecunia accepta unum 
 clericum sufficientem, et alia onera dicte capelle, luminaria 
 videlicet, libros, vestimenta et alia ; insuper eciam in eorum 
 hospicio unum servientem continue honestum et alia domus 
 onera prout utilitas exegerit sustinere. Sacrista vero predicte 
 capelle ac etiam hospicii dictorum capellanorum edificia ne 
 contingant ipsa ruinosa fieri, sustentabit. Ad evitandum insuper 
 omnis suspicionis incommodum in premissis volumus observari 
 ne predicti capellani, magister aut alii laycos aliquos, et maxime 
 mulieres, sibi in societate assumant, nee sit igitur frequens 
 accessus laicorum, nee aliquatenus mulierum, nee eciam capellani 
 predicti instabilium more vagabundi existant nee aliqua suspecta 
 frequentent, sed se gerant sicut sacerdotalem decet in omnibus 
 honestatem. 
 
 Hanc autem ordinacionem nostram obseruantes et eandem 
 ope consilii et bonorum largicionibus promouere caritatis intuitu 
 satagentes, bonorum omnium que in dicta capella fient imper- 
 petuum et nostre benediccionis concedimus esse participes : illam 
 autem maliciose impedientes seu perturbantes vel quomodo libet 
 violantes indignacionem Dei omnipotentis, et gloriose Virginis 
 matris eius, et apostolorum Petri et Pauli et beati Thome martyris 
 predicte capelle patroni, omniumque sanctorum et nostram male- 
 diccionem incurrant. In cuius rei testimonium predictam ordi- 
 nacionem fecimus sigilli nostri impressione muniri, ac eciam eandem 
 sigilli capituli nostri Wygorniensis munimine roborari. Datam 
 Wigornie in die Sabbati proximo ante festum purificacionis beate 
 Marie Virginis anno domini millesimo cc™" Ix" quinto. 
 
 C. 1290. Exhibitions for scholars maintained by the 
 
 Prior and the Almoner of the Cathedral Priory. 
 
 [From so-called Priory Register, f. 130 b. Friiited in Camden 
 Society, No. 91, ed. Archdeacon Hale. 1865.] 
 
 The Prior's Maundy. 
 The Prior shall maintain in Lent 14 poor, of whom 3 shall 
 be clerks provided by the schoolmaster. Note that the school-
 
 ■WORCESTER. 23 
 
 master shall have this favour, and that every week when he is 
 lecturing he shall have a maundy from the Almoner for whichever 
 of his clerks he may choose to assign it, in return for teaching 
 the relations of the monks and others maintained by charity. 
 
 Each of those mentioned shall receive at the beginning of 
 Lent from the Hostilar's servant a loaf of bread for each day till 
 the middle of Lent, and the same number of gallons of beer of 
 the 2nd and 3rd quality, distributed each week. After mid Lent 
 they shall have the same again till Maundy Thursday. The 
 servant shall have three loaves from the surplus. Four quarters 
 of wheat are enough for the delivery of these loaves. 
 
 De Mandate Prioris. 
 
 Prior exhibeat in quadragesima xiij'^'"' pauperes quarum iij 
 sint clerici ex prouisione magistri scolarum, et notandum quod 
 magister scolarum hanc habeat graciam, et qualibet ebdomada, 
 ipso legente, unum inandatum de Elemosinario cui assignare 
 voluerit de clericis suis pro erudicione parentum monachorum et 
 aliorum de elemosina nutritorum ; quilibet dictorum percipiat 
 in principio Ouadragesime per manum seruientis Hostilarii 
 singulos panes secundum numerum dierum usque mediam Qua- 
 dragesimam, et totidem galones de secunda et tercia cervisia, quos 
 percipiant qualibet ebdomada et post mediam Quadragesimam 
 iterum recipiant ut supra usque ad cenam Domini. Dictus serviens 
 habeat panes iij de residuo. Sufficiunt ad lib^racionem dictorum 
 panum iiij°'' quarteria. 
 
 1291, 26 May. Settlement by Bishop Giffard of a dis- 
 pute between the Rector of St, Nicholas' Church 
 and the Rector or Master of Worcester School as 
 to candles at St. Nicholas Feast. 
 
 [Reg. Giffard, f. 340.] 
 
 To all Christ's faithfiil people to whom this writing shall 
 come, Godfrey, by God's permission, Bishop of Worcester, 
 eternal health in the Lord,
 
 24 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Whereas a question has been argued between Walter, rector 
 of St. Nicholas' Church, Worcester, on behalf of himself and his 
 church, plaintiff, on the one part, and Master Stephen of London, 
 rector of the school at Worcester, on behalf of himself and his 
 scholars, defendant, on the other part, on the celebration of the 
 feast or solemnity of St. Nicholas to be held every year with a 
 company of scholars, and the wax tapers arising from their 
 collection, and the charge, disposition or custody of the wax 
 tapers when such solemnization is over, before our Official or his 
 commissary with many pleas and answers, and it had not yet 
 been determined either by judgment or agreement ; 
 
 We, desiring to cut off the material for law suits that our 
 subjects may live in the sweetness of peace, with the assent of the 
 parties personally appearing before us, have thus decreed and 
 ordained ; namely. 
 
 That as the aforesaid Feast of St. Nicholas has been formerly 
 celebrated in the church of St. Nicholas by the devotion of the 
 scholars who were for the time in Worcester School ; so it shall for 
 the future be for ever celebrated there by their devotion, so that the 
 rector of the church aforesaid or the schoolmaster for the time being 
 shall not claim or attempt to claim any right or ownership over the 
 wax or wax tapers carried by the scholars there, unless, perhaps the 
 master with his scholars or the majority of them shall think fit to 
 give some part of it to the same rector in the name of his church 
 out of mere devotion. And whereas the schoolmaster has been 
 accustomed to act as minister in collecting the light aforesaid after 
 second vespers on the day of the feast, the same schoolmaster for 
 the time being shall without any interference by anyone, with the 
 rector of the church of St. Nicholas, if he wishes to be present, 
 and three discreet scholars as witnesses deliver the remainder 
 of the wax to some trustworthy citizen or merchant of the city of 
 Worcester aforesaid, who can and will faithfully return the same 
 wax, with due increase, to the master and scholars every year to 
 celebrate the Feast of St. Nicholas, when he asks for it properly 
 with himself and the rector, if he having notice beforehand will 
 be present, as a witness, and to answer for the wax in its 
 integrity.
 
 WORCESTER. 25 
 
 But if by any chance any dispute shall arise over the delivery 
 or deposit of the wax between the schoolmaster and the rector 
 aforesaid and the witnesses brought in as aforesaid, then the 
 Archdeacon of Worcester, or his deputy, or the Official shall make 
 such delivery or deposit in the way he thinks safest with the 
 schoolmaster himself, three or four scholars and the rector himselt 
 if having notice beforehand he wishes to be present, as witnesses, 
 so however that the same wax shall be kept to be faithfully 
 returned to the said master and scholars on the next Feast ot 
 St. Nicholas before the same witnesses. 
 
 In witness whereof we have caused our seal to be appended 
 to these presents given and done at Hartlebury on 26 May 1291. 
 
 Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos peruenerit hec scriptura 
 Godefridus permissione diuina Episcopus Wigorniensis Salutem in 
 Domino sempiternam. 
 
 Cum inter Walterum, rectorem ecclesie Sancti Nicholai 
 Wygornie pro se et ecclesia sua, actorem, ex parte una, et 
 magistrum Stephanum London, rectorem scolarum Wygornie 
 pro se et scolaribus, ream, ex parte altera, super celebracione 
 festi seu solempnitatis Sancti Nicholai cum scolarium comitiua et 
 cereis ex eorum collecta proficiscentibus annis singulis faciendis, 
 cereorumque cura disposicione seu custodia post completam huius- 
 modi solempnitatem habenda, coram Officiali nostro seu commis- 
 sario sub altercacione multiplici questio verteretur, nee jam per 
 viam judicii seu concorditer fuerit hactenus terminata. 
 
 Nos tandem litium materiam amputare volentes ut in pacis 
 dulcedine subditi foueantur, de assensu parcium earundem coram 
 nobis exhibencium suam presenciam personalem sic duximus 
 ordinandum, videlicet ; quod sicut ipsa solempnitas in ecclesia 
 Sancti Nicholai prefata prius ex devocione scolarium qui in scolis 
 Wigornie pro tempore fuerant extitit celebrata, sic ex ipsorum 
 devocione decetero perpetua celebretur ibidem ; ita quod rector 
 ecclesie predicte, seu Magister scolarum, qui pro tempore fuerit, 
 in cera vel cereis per scolares ibidem portatis nichil juris seu pro- 
 prietatis omnino vendicet aut vendicare presumat, nisi forsitan 
 Magister cum scolaribus seu maiore parte eorum aliquid ex mera 
 
 E
 
 26 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 devoclone eidem Rector! nomine ecclesie sue duxerit specialiter 
 conferendum. 
 
 Et quia Magister Scolarum minister esse consueverat in 
 coUigendo luminare predicto, vesperis secundis in ipsa solemp- 
 nitate completis, idem Magister Scolarum qui pro tempore 
 fuerit absque contradiccione cuiusquam residuam ceram sub ipsius 
 Rectoris ecclesie Sancti Nicolai, si voluerit interesse, triumque 
 discretorum scolarium testimonio tradat alicui ciui seu mercatori 
 fideli de ciuitate Wygornie supradicta, qui possit scilicet et velit 
 ipsi magistro et scolaribus annis singulis ad celebrandum solemp- 
 nitatem Sancti congrue repetenti, sub ipsius et Rectoris testimonio, 
 si adesse voluerit premunitus, ipsam ceram cum augmento debito 
 fideliter reddere, et de eadem integraliter respondere. 
 
 Quod si forsan sub ipsius cere tradicione seu deposicione 
 facienda inter Magistrum Scolarum et Rectorem predictum et testes, 
 ut premittitur, adhibendos aliqua causa fuerit altercatum, tunc 
 Archidiaconus Wygornie, ipsiusue procurator aut . . . Officialis 
 sub ipsius Magistri scolarum, trium vel quatuor scolarium, et 
 ipsius Rectoris testimonio, si premunitus adesse voluerit, tradi- 
 cionem seu deposicionem huiusmodi faciat eo modo quo viderit 
 caucius faciendo, ut tamen ipsa cera sit tradita dictis Magistro et 
 scolaribus in solempnitate Sancti proximo subsequent!, sub eodem 
 testimonio reddenda fideliter conseruetur. 
 
 In premissorum vero testimonium sigillum nostrum fecimus 
 hiis append! Datis et actis apud Herdebur v Kalendas Mai! 
 A.D. m° cc° nonagesimo prime. 
 
 1291-9. Worcester Monks as Scholars at Oxford. 
 
 Earliest extant account of the Bursar of the Priory, 30 Nov. 
 1291 to 30 Nov. 1292. 
 
 Expenses in St. Andrew's Term. 
 Walter Pilch going to Oxford .... 6.?. 
 The same going to the Chancellor in London . .115. 
 
 The Oxford scholars [monks] for 129 i . . 12*. 6d. 
 
 The same for 1202 . . , . . 39.?.
 
 WORCESTER. 1'] 
 
 Lady Day I'erm. 
 Expenses for monks at Oxford . . . . 20,y. 
 
 Midsummer Term. 
 Two monks on their way from Oxford . . 3*. 
 
 Michaelmas Term. 
 John de Arundel and W. de Grymley going to Oxford . 20i. 
 Commons of i monk at Oxford . . . 30J. 
 
 John de Arundel and W. de Grymley . . 2 marks. 
 
 Hugo de Inteberg reddit compotum de pertinentibus ad 
 Bursariam a festo Sancti Andree anno regni Regis Edwardi 
 vicesimo usque ad eundem terminum anno revoluto. 
 
 Terminus Sancti Andree. 
 Expense et liberaciones termino predicto. 
 
 Waltero Pilch versus Oxoniam . . . .6s. 
 
 Eidem querenti Cancellarium Londonie . . . iif. 
 
 Scolaribus Oxonie pro anno xix° . . 12s. 6d. 
 
 Eisdem pro anno xx° .... 39*. 
 
 Terminus Annunciacionis Beate Marie. 
 Expense facte in predicto termino pro monachis apud 
 
 Oxoniam ...... 20^. 
 
 Terminus Nat. S. Johannis Bapt. 
 Expense facte in predicto termino. 
 Duobus monachis in processu suo de Oxonia . . 35. 
 
 Terminus Sancti Michaelis. 
 Expense eodeni termino. 
 
 Johanni de Arundel et W. de Grymeley versus Oxoniam 20.9. 
 Pro communia j monachi Oxonie . . . 30.«. 
 
 Johanni de Arundel et W. de Grimeley . . 2 marce. 
 
 Cellarer's Bursary Account Michaelmas 1293 to Michaelmas 1294. 
 
 St. Andrew's Term. 
 Expenses of Thomas Wych [a monk] going [as scholar] 
 
 to Oxford ...... 6s.
 
 28 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Lady Day Term. 
 To servants going to the monks at Oxford . . 6s. 
 
 To the monks who were scholars at Oxford . 36,9. 6d. 
 
 Term ending on St. Peter ad vincula. 
 For the monks at Oxford beyond their fixed pay of 
 
 10 marks ..... 43.S. ^-^d. 
 
 Computus fratris Hugonis de Inteberge celerarii Wygornie de 
 pertinentibus ad Bursariam ibidem a festo beati Michaelis anno 
 regni Regis Edwardi xxj° finiente usque ad idem festum anno 
 regni Regis predicti vicesimo secundo. 
 
 Expense de termino Sancti Andree. 
 Item in expensis Thome de Wych versus Oxoniam 6.y. 8f/. 
 
 Expense facte per manus Prioris a festo Dominice infra octavas 
 Apostolorum Petri et Pauli anno xxj° usque Annunciacionem 
 Beate Marie in anno xxij° 
 
 Scilicet garcionibus querentibus monachos Oxonie . 6s. 
 
 Item monachis scolaribus Oxonie . . 2^^- 6f/. 
 
 Expense per manus Prioris a festo Annunciacionis Beate Marie 
 
 infra festum Sancti Petri ad vincula hoc anno. 
 Pro monachis scolaribus Oxonie ultra certum de decern 
 
 marcis . . . . .43?. ^^d. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 29 Sept. 1294 — 7 July 1295. 
 
 Among sinall expenses in St. Andrew's Term, To Brother 
 John of Arundel, scholar [monk] at Oxford 40*., in Lady Day 
 Term To Brother John of Aston [monk, scholar] for books, 30*. 
 
 Computus [etc. as in last] xxij° finiente usque ad festum Trans- 
 lacionis Sancti Thome Archiepiscopi et Martiris anno [etc. as in 
 last] xxiij°. 
 
 Expense de termino Sancti Andree Apostoli. Minute expense. 
 Fratri Johanni de Arundel scolari Oxonie . . 40J.
 
 WORCESTER. i9 
 
 Expense in termino Annunciacionis. 
 Minute expense per prcceptum Prions. 
 Item fratri Johanni de Aston ad libros . . . 30*. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, i Feb. 1298 to i Feb. 1299. 
 
 For payment of debts. To a scholar [monk] at Oxford 
 
 due to him ...... 8*. 
 
 Among outside disbursements, To a scholar monk at 
 
 Oxford . . . . . . 81. ss. 
 
 Compotus fratris Johannis de Wyk, celerarii Wygornie, a 
 vigilia Purificacionis Beate Marie anno regni Regis Edwardi xxvj 
 usque ad idem festum anno xxvij"io. In dorso. 
 
 Pro debitis acquietandis. 
 Item, scholari Oxonie de debito suo . . . Ss. 
 
 Forinsece liberaciones. 
 Item, monacho scolari Oxonie . . . .8/. 5,?. 
 
 C. 1305. The Prior of Worcester urged by the President 
 of the Benedictine General Chapter to restore the 
 lectureship on theology in the Cathedral. 
 
 [Letter Book of the Priors of Worcester, P.R.O. E.xch. Misc. 
 Books, Aug. Off., No. 63, f. 19, ed. for Wore. Hist. Soc., 1912, by 
 Rev. J. Harvey Bloom, p. 15.] 
 
 Letter from an Abbot to the Prior for the resumption of custom 
 
 and law. 
 
 W[alter] [of Wenlock], Abbot of Westminster, to the 
 reverend and discreet Prior and Convent of Worcester, Health 
 in the Author of health. 
 
 Whereas you have been accustomed to elect in your monastery 
 a prudent, fit, and learned man, able to perform the duty of 
 lecturing on the Holy Scriptures, and this has, we believe, not 
 only been usually done in your church by your choice, but has 
 been expressly decreed in every cathedral church by constitutions 
 of the holy fathers, the Roman pontiffs, and has been, we have 
 found, almost universally observed in them, as is customary.
 
 30 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 But you in your monastery have, as we are informed by trust- 
 worthy report, now for two years ceased from this practice as if 
 it was voluntary, to the prejudice of your church, the blackening 
 of your reputation, and the loss of both seculars and regulars ; 
 and compensation does not make up for and is not the same 
 as the benefit of recovering what is lost ; wishing to obviate as 
 far as possible the ill-feeling and ill-fame of your monastery 
 bruited among the people for the reasons before given, we advise 
 and command you and each of you to recall the custom or rather 
 solemn and venerated law by electing someone to lecture on the 
 Holy Scripture and preach the word of God as had been the 
 continuous custom, lest the diocesan be compelled to put to 
 a helping hand, and at his coming the secrets of our order should 
 be revealed and the Visitors of our General Chapter be excluded, 
 which we do not wish. Farewell in Him who is the health of all 
 who fare well. 
 
 Littera de Abbate ad priorem pro consuetudine et constitucione* 
 
 reassumenda. 
 
 Reuerendist et discretis viris Dominis P[riori] W[ygornie] 
 et e[iusdem] loci C[onuentui] frater W[alterus] permissione 
 diuina Abbas Westmonasteriensis Salutem in auctore Salutis. 
 
 Quia in vestro monasterio virum prouidum ydoneuni et scien- 
 tem consueuistis eligere, qui officium sacram scripturam legendoj 
 valuit exercere, nedum§ in vestra ecclesia hoc idem per eleccionem 
 credimus usitatum verum in singulis cathedralibus ecclesiis per 
 sanctorum patrum Romanorum Pontificum constituciones expresse 
 statutum, et in eisdem quampluribus observatum reperimus, ut 
 est moris, vos tamen in vestro monasterio ut fide dignorum 
 relatu didicimus ab huius ordinacione tarn gratuita per biennium 
 iam cessastis, in ecclesie vestre preiudicium, status vestri 
 denigracionem, nee non secularium et regularium dispendium, in 
 tantum quod rerum amissarum compensacio recuperacionis bene- 
 ficium non compatitur nee est. 
 
 * Not constitutionibus reassumendis as in Mr. Bloom's printed edition. 
 
 + This address is omitted in Mr. Bloom's print. 
 
 I Not legendi as in Mr. Bloom's print. § Not necdum.
 
 WORCESTER. 31 
 
 Volentes igitur maliciis et infamiis popularibus de vestro 
 monasterio causis prescriptis oblocutis in quantum possumus 
 obuiare, vobis omnibus et singulis consulendo mandamus quatinus 
 consuetudinem, pocius constitucionem, solempnem et venerandam 
 studeatis reuocare, certam personam eligentes qui sacram scrip- 
 turam legat et verbum diuinum predicet, prout temporibus 
 preteritis* assuetum fuerat continuari, ne loci eiusdem dyocesanus 
 manus suas apponere cogatur adiutrices, ordinisque nostri secreta 
 in suo reuelentur aduentu, exclusis nostris generalis capituli 
 visitatoribus, quod nollemus. 
 
 Valete* in eo qui est omnium valencium salus. 
 
 C. 1305- The Prior is required not to restore the 
 lectureship in theology at Worcester by recalling 
 a student-monk before he had taken a degree. 
 
 [Ibid., f. 20, b. All but the heading printed in ap. cit., p. 17.] 
 
 W[altert], Abbot of Westminster, to the local chapter 
 [Worcester] Health always prosperous and pleasant in the 
 Author of Health. 
 
 We remember we lately wrote to you counselling, not 
 admonishing by virtue of any authority of the presidency of the 
 Chapter General in this behalf, that the lectures in divinity in 
 your cathedral, now customary in similar churches in the realm, 
 should not cease if you could find anyone fit for it among 
 your own members. But as the advice we gave for the common 
 good and your own reputation now tends to be harmfial, since on 
 that pretext you intend to recall home, or, it is said, as we trust 
 is not the case, have already recalled one of your students at 
 Oxford, who is firmly expected to become proficient and shortly 
 
 • Omitted in Mr. Bloom's print. 
 
 t William, given by Mr. Bloom, is a mistake. The frater W., who as bishop writes the 
 letter next given, must be Friar William of Gainsborough, bishop from 1302 to 1307. 
 The W., abbot of Westminster in this and the previous letter, must therefore be Walter 
 of Wenlock, abbot from 1283 to Christmas 1307. There was not a William till abbot 
 Curtlington, 1315 — 1331, which dates do not agree with any Bishop W. of Worcester, 
 who would call himself "frater" in writing to the convent as bishop.
 
 32 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 to perform a scholastic act which will reflect great honour on you 
 and the whole body [of Benedictines] ; 
 
 Therefore we earnestly ask and exhort you, not under 
 pretext of the advice we gave or of any other, we hope not 
 fictitious or invented, obstacle to recall your aforesaid student 
 from his progress in the schools, which we regard as affecting the 
 whole community, but in response to our affectionate entreaty to 
 be willing to carry out in his case what you have well begun. 
 For we consider that it would be better that your lectures should 
 cease for a time, if it is absolutely necessary that it should be so, 
 as that is a matter, as it were, of private utility, than that 
 any obstacle should be placed in the way of what is most for the 
 increase and advantage of the common good. 
 
 Loci Capitulo W[alterus] permissione diuina Abbas West- 
 monasteriensis Salutem in auctore Salutis semper prosperam et 
 iocundam. 
 
 Nuper vobis meminimus scripsisse consulendo, non mon- 
 endo* auctoritate aliqua presidencie Capituli generalis in hac 
 parte, quod leccio sacre pagine, dummodo ad illam de vestris 
 haberetis ydoneos in ecclesia vestra cathedrali, sicut nunc moris 
 est in similibus ecclesiis regni, non vacaret ; set quia iam 
 comperimus per fide dignos quod illud quod pro bono communi 
 et honore vestro consulebamus, iam tend it ad noxam, fertur enim 
 quod pretextu huius rei unum de studentibus vestris Oxonie, de 
 quo firmiter speratur quod proficiet et in brevi aliquem actum 
 scolasticum vobis et communitati magis honorificum exercebit, 
 intenditis domi reuocare, quod absit ; imo ut dicitur iam 
 reuocastis. 
 
 Quocirca vos attente requirimus et hortamur quatinus pre- 
 textu illius consilii nostri seu alterius, quod non optamus, conficti 
 vel exquisiti impediment! predictum studentem vestrum a profectu 
 suo in scolis qucm communem reputamus non reuocetis, set quod 
 bene cepistis erga eum in hac parte promouere velitis, si placet, 
 nostris precibus interuenientibus et amore. Expedicius enim 
 
 * Not, as printed by Mr. Bloom, movendo. The point is that the Abbot had 
 counselled as a friend and not admonished as an official of the General Chapter.
 
 WORCESTER. 33 
 
 iudicamus quod ad tempus vacet leccio vestra predicta, si id 
 omnino oporteat fieri, in qua quasi priuata utilitas vertitur, quam 
 impediatur illud per t]uod augmentatur ct magis proficit bonum 
 commune. Valeat in Christo sancta* congregacio vestra per 
 tempora longa. 
 
 [Ibid., f. 20, p. 16 of print.] 
 
 Friar W[illiam of Gainsborough], humble minister of the 
 church of Worcester, to his beloved sons in Christ the Prior and 
 convent of the same church, health, peace and blessing. 
 
 Desiring that the honour of God and the proficiency of our 
 church should be increased by the study and teaching of holy 
 writ, we earnestly require and ask your prompt attention, as you 
 are bound to desire the same thing as we do, that you will not 
 allow our beloved in Christ brother R. of C, who we are 
 informed has made praiseworthy progress both in scientific study 
 and uprightness of life, to be prevented in any way from so 
 fruitful an occupation ; but rather by sending him back to the 
 place of study will procure, so far as in you lies, that what had 
 been well begun shall be carried to a better issue. Do not go 
 against this our request. And know that what we now ask in 
 words we are prepared to promote by deeds when opportunity 
 occurs. Ever farewell in the Lord. 
 
 p. 16, f. 20. Fratert W[illelmus] permissione diuina 
 Wygorniensis Ecclesie minister humilis Dilectis in Christo filiis 
 eiusdem Ecclesie Priori et Conuentui Salutem graciam et bene- 
 diccionem. 
 
 Cupientes per sacrarum litterarum studium et doctrinam tani 
 Dei honorem quam nostre profectum ecclesie dilatari, prompti- 
 tudinem vestram, qua idem una nobiscum afFectare tenemini, 
 requirimus attencius et rogamus quatinus dilectum nobis in 
 Christo fratrem R. de C, quem hactenus didicimus tarn in 
 sciencialij; studio quam niorum honestate laudabiliter profecisse, 
 
 * Not sacra as in Mr. Bloom's print. 
 t Address omitted in Mr. Bloom's print, 
 t Not spirituali as in Mr. Bloom's print.
 
 34 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 non permittatis ab occupacione tam fructifera q-uomodolibet 
 impediri; quin pocius ipsum ad locum studii remittentes procurers 
 qviatenus in vobis est, quod bene cepit exitu perfici meliore. 
 
 Nee huic peticioni nostre contraire velitis, scientes quidem* 
 quod nunc verbis petimus parati sumus eciam factis cum opor- 
 tunum fuerit promouere. Semper in Domino valeatis. 
 
 1312, 28 August. Appointment to Mastership of 
 Worcester Grammar School by bishop. 
 [Reg. W. Rfynolds, f. 59, b.] 
 
 Collation to School of the City of Worcester. 
 
 Walter [Reynolds] by divine permission, bishop of Worcester, 
 to his beloved son Master Hugh of Northampton, clerk, Health, 
 grace and blessing. 
 
 Considering the merits of your probity, with which by God's 
 gift you are known to be distinguished, we confer on you by way 
 of charity the grammar school of our city of Worcester, whether 
 the collation of it belongs to us by episcopal or archidiaconal 
 right, to teach in accustomed fashion according to the knowledge 
 given you by God, saving always the right and dignity of our 
 church of Worcester in all things. 
 
 In testimony whereof, etc. Dated at London 28 August 
 
 CoUacio Scolarum civitatis Wygorn. 
 
 W. permissione, etc. Dilecto filio Magistro Hugoni de 
 Northampton, clerico, Salutem graciam et benediccionem. 
 
 Attendentes tue probitatis merita quibus dono Dei nosceris 
 insigniri, scolas gramaticales nostre civitatis Wygorn juxta 
 scienciam tibi a Deo datam more consueto regendas, utrum ad 
 nos iure episcopali vel archidiaconali earundem collacio pertineat, 
 tibi conferimus intuitu caritatis, iure et dignitate ecclesie nostre 
 Wygorn in omnibus semper salvis. 
 
 In cuius rei testimonium, etc. Datis London v Kalendas 
 Septembris a.d. m° ccc"'° xij° 
 
 • Not sciatisque.
 
 WORCESTER. 35 
 
 1312, 30 Sept. A Worcester monk, incepting in theology 
 at Oxford, authorized to swear to the University 
 Statutes. 
 
 Brother John, Prior of Worcester Cathedral church, to Sir 
 [blank]. Chancellor of Oxford. Informs him that he licences 
 his fellow monk, Randolph Catthorp, to take the usual oath on 
 his inception, with thanks for promoting him to incept. 
 
 [Wore. Cath. Miin. Liber Albus ('I'hc Frior's Register), f. 54.] 
 
 Excellentis discretionis viro domino . . . Cancellario Uniucr- 
 sitatis Oxonie frater Johannes humilis Prior ecclesie cathedralis 
 Wygorniensis salutem gaudium utriusque in eo a quo omnis 
 sapiencia semper manat. 
 
 Quoniam intelleximus iure etracione consentientlbus nullum ab 
 illius onere posse racionabiliter excusari cuius assequi voluerit com- 
 odum et honorem, dilecto commonacho nostro fratri Ranulpho 
 de Catthrop ad obseruandum statuta et consuetudines uniuersitatis 
 predicte quantum attinet religiosum scolarem, et ad id quodlibet 
 licitum sacramentum in sua instanti incepcione prestandum, prout 
 est moris, saluis nostri ordinis regularibus institutis, licenciam 
 concedimus specialem, vobis et omnibus qui nos et dictum ordinem 
 honorando prefatam inceptionem promouerint gracias quantas 
 possumus referentes. 
 
 Valeat vestra discrecio semper in Christo ad sancte congrega- 
 tionis vestre regimen clericalis. Scriptum Wygornie in crastino 
 Sancti Michaelis anno Domini m° ccc° xijo 
 
 1315. Sunday before 24 June. Testimonial and recom- 
 mendation by the University of Paris of Master John of 
 St. German, monk of Worcester, regent Doctor of 
 Divinity, to the Prior and Convent of Worcester. 
 
 [Wore. Cath. Mim. Liber Albus, f. 67, b. Also in Letter Book 
 of the Worcester Priors, P.R.O. Exch. Misc. Books, Aug. Off., No. 63, 
 f. 44, b. A note only of the letter is given in the printed edition, Wore. 
 Hist. See, 1 91 2, p. 36.] 
 
 To the Venerable father in Christ, the Lord [blank in MS.] 
 by the grace of God, Prior of the Cathedral Church of Worcester
 
 36 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 and to the Convent of the same place, the University of the 
 Masters and Scholars studying at Paris [offers] itself and its good 
 will prepared for favours. 
 
 The garden of delights, the university of Paris, the ancient 
 mother and nurse of all universities, where the root of wisdom sends 
 forth its loftiest branches, where the tree of life brings forth without 
 intermission the flowers and fruits of grace, where, too, the living 
 spring flows out, irrigating and fertilizing the whole earth, to 
 drink the waters of which the thirsty flock from all parts of the 
 world, and any who wishes it can drink and be filled with the 
 water of learning freely, is accustomed to commend to divers 
 princes of the world and prelates of the church those persons 
 whom it has nursed and perfected in different sciences, according 
 to their deserts, and the more strenuously the higher the degree 
 and estate which they have gained by their merits. 
 
 Whereas, therefore, the reverend doctor, Master John of 
 St. German, your humble co-brother and our venerated member, 
 actually regent in theology, who is recommended by the upright- 
 ness of his praiseworthy life and proveci virtue, and the illustrious 
 merits of his science, who has long shone among us as a brilliant 
 star without blemish, and has by your favour shed no little lustre 
 on our college, is arranging to go to your parts by your com- 
 mand, as it is said, we unanimously commend his very loveable and 
 beloved person to your favour with all the affection we can ; and, 
 if it please you, be willing to treat him among you according to 
 the merits of his worth and his dignity through the intervention 
 of our petition, so that you may win thanks and favours in 
 return, and that we may be the more eagerly inspired to bestow 
 honours on others of your order at other times in the like case, 
 knowing for certain that whatever may be bestowed by way of 
 honour and favour by yourselves or others on our aforesaid 
 master and fellow, we shall consider as done to the whole of our 
 college. 
 
 May the Most High preserve you and every one of you long 
 in a prosperous and happy state. 
 
 Given at Paris in our general congregation at St. Maturin's 
 Sunday before the Nativity of St. John Baptist 1J15.
 
 WORCESTER. 37 
 
 LitteraUniuersitatis Parisius de commendacione fratris et Magistri 
 Johannis de Sancto Germano. 
 
 Venerabili in Chrlsto patri Domino Dei gracia Priori cathedralis 
 ccclesie Wygorniensis et eiusdem loci Conuentui Uniuersitas 
 Magistrorum et Scolarium Parisius studencium se ipsam et 
 paratam ad beneplacita voluntatem. 
 
 Ortus deliciarum, Parisiense studium, antiqua matrix et nutrix 
 omnium studiorum, ubi radix sapiencie ramos emittit altissimos, 
 ubi lignum vite flores et fructus indesinenter parturit graciarum, 
 ubi eciam fons viuus emanat totum orbem terrarum irrigans et 
 fecundans, ad cuius aquas potandas ex omni parte mundi con- 
 fluunt sicientes, et qui voluerit gratis potare poterit et repleri 
 aqua sciencie salutaris, diuersis mundi principibus et prelatis 
 ecclesiasticis personas suas idoneas quas in diuersis nutriuit 
 scienciis et perfecit solebat et merito comendare et eo attencius 
 quo gradus et status adepte sint suis meritis altiores. 
 
 Quia igitur reuerendus doctor magister J. de Sancto Germano, 
 confrater vester humilis, et membrum nostrum venerabile, in 
 sacra pagina actu regens, cuius vite laudabilis et examinate virtutis 
 honestas, necum clara scienciarum merita recommendant, qui 
 inter nos velut Stella coruscans sine macula diu flilsit et nostrum 
 collegium non modicum vestri gracia decorauit, ad partes vestras 
 de mandato vestro, ut dicitur, accedere se disponit, benignitati 
 vestre personam suam nobis peramabilem et dilectam omni 
 afFeccione qua possumus consensu unanibis commendamus ; quam 
 si placet secundum eius merita probitatis et secundum statum 
 suum nostrorumque rogaminum interuentu inter vos sic tractare 
 velitis, ut a nobis grates et gracias reportetis, et ad alios vestri 
 ordinis honorandos alias in casu simili forcius animemur, scientes 
 pro certo quod quicquid per vos vel alios predicto nostro magistro 
 et socio venerando impensum fuerit honoris gracie et fauoris, id 
 nostro coUegio factum esse reputamus. 
 
 Altissimus vos conseruet diu in utriusque hominis statu 
 prospero et iocundo. 
 
 Datis Parisius in nostra congregacione generali apud Sanctum 
 Mathurinum anno Domini m" ccc° quintodecimo die Dominica 
 ante festum Natiuitatis Sancti Johannis Baptiste.
 
 3? EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 C. 1318. The Priory of Worcester is asked to send an 
 ex-student-monk to lecture at Gloucester College, Oxford, 
 as through the death of Master P. of St. Edmund's 
 there is no master there. 
 
 [Prior's Letter Book, f. 42, b.] 
 
 J. and J., abbots of *C[hertsey] and W[alden], Presidents of 
 the Chapter General of the Benedictuie Order in the province of 
 Canterbury, to the Prior and Convent of Worcester. 
 
 Bound by our office to provide for reforms in matters 
 affecting the order, we must be specially vigilant to provide 
 fitting remedies for things which might produce great loss or 
 scandal. 
 
 Whereas the assembly ot student-monks at Oxford is rendered 
 desolate by the death of Master P. of St. Edmund's so that 
 it is without any master to keep school there, so that they have 
 to go begging to other schools for their ordinary lectures to the 
 scandal and perhaps danger of the order ; we have thought it 
 right to ask your brotherhood to order one of our masters, your 
 brethren, who have adorned the University of Oxford, to resume 
 their lectures there, and you, the Masters, to be willing to con- 
 sent to the same for the common benefit and honour of the 
 order and yourselves. 
 
 To lighten the charge of your expense we will procure 
 a portion of the common contribution for you. 
 
 May your reverend brotherhood fare always happily and 
 prosperously in the land. 
 
 Sacre religionis viris domino Dei gracia Priori, etc., et eiusdem 
 loci, etc., J. J. permissione diuina abbates de C. et de W. ac pre- 
 
 * Not O. as read by Mr. Bloom, who makes him the Abbot of Oseney, which is 
 impossible, as Oseney was not a Benedictine monastery but one of Augustinian canons 
 C. probably means Chertsey, as that appears to be the only Benedictine house in C. which 
 had a J. for abbot at this time, viz., John of Rutherwyk, elected 9 Aug. 1307, and a man of 
 great activity till 1335- W. does not stand for Westminster as suggested by Mr. Bloom, 
 for there was no abbot J. there about this date. It is probably Walden, as that appears 
 to be the only abbey in W. which had an abbot J. at the time, viz., John de Plesseto or 
 Pleshey, who, though omitted in Dugdalc's " Monasticon," occurs frequently in the 
 Walden Chartulary (Harl. 3697) between 1305 and 1322.
 
 WORCESTER. 39 
 
 sidentes capitulo general! ordinis sancti Benedict! in pronincia 
 Cantuarie, eternam in Domino Salutem. 
 
 Licet ex incumbenti nobis officio ea que spectant ad nostri 
 ordinis reformacionem teneamur solicite procurare ac eciam 
 periculis occurrentibus pro viribus obuiare, illis tamen ex quibus 
 dampna plura sen scandala poterint ordini prouenire afFeccio 
 paterna vigilancius occurrere nos compellit opportuna remedia 
 prouidendo 
 
 Cum itaque congregacio venerabilis Monachorum fratrum 
 nostrorum Oxon studencium per mortem Magistri P. de Sancto 
 Edmundo sit quam plurimum desolata, eo quod Magistro iam 
 caret scolas ibidem occupare, propter quod lecclones suas ordinarias 
 apud scolas aliorum opus est mendicare in nostri ordinis scandalum, 
 ac periculum forsitan non modicum seu grauamen ; 
 
 Vestram igitur fraternitatem dignum duximus requirendam 
 quatinus unum de Magistris nostris confratribus vestris, qui 
 uniuersitatem Oxoniensem laudabiliter decorarunt, ad resumendum 
 lecciones suas ibidem mandare curetis, et vos Magistri velitis 
 gratanter premissis consentire pro communi vtilitate pariter ct 
 honore ordinis atque vestro. 
 
 Nos vero ad alleuiandum vestrarum onus expensarum de 
 contribucione communi vobis procurabimus porcionem. 
 
 Valeat in domino semper feliciter ac prospere vestra fraternitas 
 reuerenda. Dat. etc. 
 
 C. 1320. The Abbot of St. Augustine's, Canterbury, 
 asks Worcester Priory to allow the Worcester monk, 
 Master John of St. German, their former instructor, to 
 return, at least for a time. 
 
 [7/.;^, f. 43, b.] 
 
 Ralph by the sufferance of God humble minister of the 
 monastery of St. Augustine's, Canterbury, to the reverend men 
 of most holy religion the Prior and Convent of the Cathedral 
 Church of Worcester, Health in the author of Health. 
 
 The faithful experience and special confidence arising from
 
 40 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 the abundance of your love to us, which has shewn itself gracious 
 to the prayers previously offered to you, although we had no 
 merits, animate and induce us to offer again the like prayers in 
 a like case ; returning heartfelt thanks to your reverend brother- 
 hood for the former favour with humble devotion and pious 
 affection. 
 
 Whereas, following the praiseworthy example of the holy 
 fathers who preceded us in the order, it is becoming and expedient 
 that we should be busied not only in the austerities of our Order 
 and devotion, but also in the useful exercise of the learning of the 
 schools, desiring, as is proper, a monk as instructor in place of 
 our reverend Master and friend, brother John of St. German's, 
 your monk, the clearness of whose teachings and uprightness of 
 whose conduct when he formerly lived among us, sweetly 
 sprinkled on our minds, have so vehemently inflamed us with 
 love for him that we for that reason the more ardently desire his 
 revered presence beyond that of all others ; we have thought lit 
 to ask aff^ectionately your dearest brotherhood to deign, if it 
 please you, graciously to grant with unanimous assent that the 
 said Master John may by your special permission live amongst 
 us as before for our instruction, at all events for a time. 
 
 May these our prayers be so acceptable in your holiness' 
 sight that by your gracious answer in this behalf, which your 
 kindness will please order to be brought back by the bearer of 
 these presents, the brotherly union between us may receive the 
 strength of firmer love and we bound with greater strength to 
 your honour and pleasure. 
 
 May your reverend holiness fare happily and always in the 
 Lord. Dated, etc. 
 
 Sacratissime Religionis viris reuerendis Dominis Priori et 
 Conuentui Ecclesie Cathedralis Wygorniensis sui deuoti R[adul- 
 phus] permissione diuina Monasterii Sancti Augustini Can- 
 tuarie minister humilis et eiusdem loci Conuentus Salutem in 
 Salutis auctore. 
 
 De caritatis vestre circa nos affluencia, que se nostris precibus 
 alias vobis porrectis exhibuit graciosam, quamuis nulla inter-
 
 WORCESTER. 4I 
 
 uenerint merita, ad ofFerendum vobis iterum preces consimiles in 
 casu consimili nos animant et inducunt experiencia fidells et 
 confidencia specialis, vestre fraternitati reuerende pro gracia 
 precedente hiimili deuocione, pioque afFectu graciarum acciones 
 intimas referentes. 
 
 Cum itaque exemplo laudabili sanctorum patrum in ordine 
 nostro precedencium, nedum in Religionis austeritate et deuocione, 
 verum eciam in scolastice discipline vtili exercitacione deceat nos 
 et expediat occupari, Monachum optantes, ut decet, instructorem 
 pro reuerendo Magistro nostro et amico, fratre videlicet Johanne 
 de Sancto Germano, monacho vestro, cuius inter nos olim com- 
 morantis doctrine claritas et conuersacionis honestas nostris 
 mentibus suauiter resperse in ipsius amorem tarn vehementer nos 
 accenderunt ut pre ceteris ardencius ipsius desideremus hac de 
 causa presenciam reuerendam Vestram iterum fraternitatem 
 carissimam affectuose duximus requirendam, quatinus de vestro 
 unanimi consensu dignaremini, si placet, concedere graciose, quod 
 dictus Magister Johannes ad nostram informacionem de vestra 
 possit licencia speciali, inter nos, ut prius, saltern pro tempore, 
 conuersari. 
 
 Hee igitur preces nostre, sic in vestre sanctitatis aspectibus 
 sint accepte, ut per graciosum in hac parte responsum, quod 
 vestra, si placet, benignitas baiulo presencium imponet, nobis, 
 cuius referendum fraterna inter nos unis firmioris dileccionis 
 robur accipiat, nosque vestris honoribus ac beneplacitis simus pro 
 viribus fortioribus obllgari. 
 
 Valeat in Domino feliciter ac semper vestra sanctitas reuerenda. 
 Datis, &c. 
 
 1320-21. A Worcester novice, a scholar at Oxford. 
 
 Cellarer's Account Mich. 1320 to Lady Day 1321. 
 
 Among outside disbursements. To Brother Simon, a 
 
 novice, at Oxford .... 46*'. Sd. 
 
 Computus fratris Rogeri de Styuynton, celerarii Wygornie a 
 festo Sancti Michaelis anno regni Regis Edwardi filii Regis 
 
 G
 
 42 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Edwardi xiiij° ad festum Annunciadonis beate Marie anno eodem 
 computatum 1320 29 Sept. to 1321 25 March. 
 
 Forinsece liberaciones. 
 Fratri Simoni co[nuerso ?] Oxonie . . 465. 8d. 
 
 1320-21. Worcester Priory contributes to maintenance 
 of a teacher of Greek at Oxford. 
 
 [From account printed in full by Canon J. M. Wilson in "Early 
 Computus Rolls of the Priory of Worcester," Wore. Hist. Soc., 1908, 
 pp. 4—7.] 
 
 Chamberlain's Account 30 Sept. [1320] — 30 Sept. [1321]. 
 
 Under " Tenths paid " [to the Pope] occurs : And to the 
 Master of the Greeks at Oxford, I2cl. 
 
 Computus Fratris Gilbert! Camerarii de pertinentibus ad 
 officium Camerarii Wygornie ab incrastino Sancti Michaelis 
 anno regni regis Edwardi xiiij° usque eundem diem anno xv°. 
 
 Decime liberate. 
 Et computat pro decima pape . . . 68^. 2d. 
 
 Et Magistro Grecorum Oxonie .... i2d. 
 
 1322, 12 June. The Warden and Fellows of Merton 
 College, Oxford, send two fellows to asJc Prior Wulstan's 
 assistance to obtain the appropriation of a benefice in 
 the diocese, so that they will then be bound to elect 
 scholars from that as from other dioceses in which they 
 hold property. 
 
 [Wore. Cath. Mun. Liber Albus, f. [09.] 
 
 Letter of credence by the scholars of Merton, Oxford. 
 To the venerable father in Christ and lord the Lord 
 [Wulstan], Prior of Worcester, and the reverend convent of the 
 same place, the humble and devoted warden of the house of the
 
 WORCESTER. 43 
 
 scholars of Merton in Oxford, and the brethren of the same 
 house, Reverence and honour with prompt return of favours. 
 
 We cannot forget with what sweet charity and hberal gifts 
 you have hitherto favoured our members ; for by so much the 
 more closely we look at it, by so much the more it tastes sweetly 
 in our affection. Considering, nevertheless, your lordships so 
 favourably inclined to us, from the bottom of our hearts we do 
 that little we are able and return the fullest thanks to you and 
 each of you. Confidently presuming from the past on your good 
 will for the future we beg and ask you with earnest entreaties 
 that you will with the wonted clemency of your pity deign to 
 give kind hearing and implicit confidence to our beloved Master 
 Richard of Kemshall, S.T.P., and Master John of Ashton, 
 fellows of our house, in respect of the matters which on our 
 behalf they will, if you will allow it, place before you, and open still 
 more freely the veins of favour and of the fountain of grace to tlie 
 prayers which we pour out by our same messengers, so that since 
 we, who in filling vacancies in our house have taken scholars 
 from Worcester diocese by special grace, may, by your pious 
 assent to our prayers, become bound by oath to do so, as in 
 other dioceses in which there are benefices assigned for our 
 maintenance. 
 
 Written at Oxford the 2nd of the Ides of June a.d. 1322. 
 
 Littera scolarium de Mei-tone in Oxonia de credencia. 
 
 Venerabili in Christo patri ac domino Dominis .... Priori 
 Wygornie ac eiusdem loci Conuentui reuerendo sui humiles et 
 deuoti Custos domus scolarium de Mertone in Oxonia scolares et 
 fratres domus eiusdem cum promptitudine complacendi reveren- 
 ciam pariter et honorem. 
 
 Quanta caritatis dulcedine et liberalitatis munere nos [vos] 
 vestros [nostros] fueritis hactenus prosecuti immemores esse 
 merito non valemus. Nam quo id perspicaciori contemplamus 
 intuitu eo in nostro suauius dulcescit afFectu. Considerantes 
 nihilominus vestram dominacionem ad nos tarn propicie inclinatam 
 ex cordis intimo id modicum quod possumus vobis et vestrum 
 singulis graciarum actiones referimus pleniores, sumpta ergo
 
 44 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 fiducia ex preteritis ad futura vestram beneuolenciam votiuis 
 precibus requirimus et rogamus, quatinus dilectis nostris Magistro 
 Ricardo de Cameshale, sacre pagine professori, et Magistro 
 Johanni de Aischtone nostre domus consociis, in hiis que ex parte 
 nostra dominationi vestre, si libeat, intimabunt, dignetur vestre 
 pietatis solita clemencia benignam audienciam et fidem indubiam 
 adhibere, precibusque quas per eosdem nostros nuncios effundimus 
 fauoris et grade fontis venas uberius aperire, ut qui in subroga- 
 cione in domo nostra facienda de Wygorniensi diocesi scolares 
 assumpsimus de gracia speciali, nostrarum precum pia exaudicione 
 ad sumendum habiles astringamur, sicut in aliis diocesibus, in 
 quibus beneficia nostro constituunt victui deputata, vinculo 
 sacramenti. 
 
 Scriptis Oxonie ij Idus Junii [Anno Domini millesimo tre- 
 centesimo vicesimo secundo]. 
 
 [The same document without the address and with initials 
 only for the names is in the Priors' Letter Book, f. 5. It is 
 undated, and after sacramenti ends with a valedictory address : 
 May the Lord Jesus deign to continue your venerable assembly 
 every day happily in keeping of his commands. 
 
 Cetum vestrum venerabilem omni die dignetur Dominus Jesus 
 perpetuare in suorum custodia mandatorum feliclter.] 
 
 1336 — 1339. Cellarer's Expenditure on Worcester 
 Scholar-monks at Oxford. 
 
 Cellarer's Account 1336-7. 
 
 Delivery of money. 
 
 To 3 brethren [monks] scholars at Oxford for 45 weeks, 
 
 at 1 4. 4c/. a week each . . . .9/. 
 
 Compotus fratris Roberti de Weston Celerarii Wygornie de 
 omnibus denariis per eundem receptis et expensis ab incrastino 
 Sancti Michaelis anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii post conquestum 
 decimo usqu ; festum Sancti Michaelis anno regni Regis Edwardi 
 supradicti undecimo intrante per annum integrum.
 
 WORCESTER. 45 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Idem computat liberatis iij fratribus scolaribus Oxonie, 
 videlicet Johanni de Euesham, W. de Birlingham et 
 J. de Preston, a festo Sancti Michaelis usque festum 
 Sancti Laurencii pro xlv septimanis, videlicet quilibet (sic) 
 eorum capiente pro septimana xvj<' . , .9/. 
 
 « 
 
 Cellarer's Account 1338-9. 
 Outside Expenses. 
 Hire of a horse for an Oxford scholar [monk] to go there. 
 
 Outside disbursements. 
 Delivered to three scholars [monks] at Oxford for the year, 
 
 except 4 weeks when they were at Worcester, at is. ^d. 
 
 a week each ..... 9/. 12.J. 
 
 Another for 48 weeks at the same rate . . .3/. 4^. 
 
 Computus fratris [etc.] xij™° usque festum Sancti Michaelis 
 proximo sequens anno reuoluto. 
 
 Expense forinsece. 
 In j equo conducto pro scolari Oxonie versus eandem. 
 
 Liberaciones forinsece. 
 
 Liberatum fratribus Johanni de Euesham W. de Birling- 
 ham et Thome de la Lee scolaribus Oxonie per annum, 
 preter iiij septimanas quibus intererant Wygornie, 
 quolibet eorum capiente per septimanam xvj denarios 9/. 12.?. 
 
 Liberatum fratri R. de Bosebury pro eodem a festo Sancti 
 Michaelis usque ad festum Sancti Laurencii pro xlviij 
 septimanis capiente pro septimana ut supra . . 64.5. 
 
 1341-6. The Almoner of Worcester Priory contributes 
 to two clerks at Oxford, maintains a chaplain in the 
 Almonry, and a clerk in the Lady Chapel. 
 
 Almoner's Account 1 341-2. 
 Cash payments. Almonry chaplain for year, i/. Two 
 clerks at Oxford, 20*.
 
 46 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Wygornia. 
 Computus fratris Johannis de Michelnaye Elemosinarii 
 Ecclesie cathedralis Beate Marie ibidem a festo Michaelis anno 
 regni Regis Edwardi post conquestum tercii xv™° usque ad idem 
 festum anno Regis predicti xvj"°. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Solutis capellano Elemosinarii per annum . . 20s. 
 
 Item solutis ij clericis Oxonie. .... 20s. 
 
 Almoner's Account, 1345-6. 
 
 [Printed in full in S. G. Hamilton's "Computus Rolls of Priory of 
 Worcester" (Wore. Hist. Soc, 1910), p. 49 seq.] 
 
 Outside payments. 6 ells of cloth bought for the gown of 
 John, the Almoner's chaplain, 8,9. ; 3 ells for Robert, clerk of 
 the Lady Chapel, 3*. ^d. ; shearing the cloth ^.^d. 
 
 Cash payments. The almonry chaplain for ^ year 10^. ; 
 the Almoner's deputy [a monk] 2*. 
 
 Computus [etc.] Johannis de Michelneie Elemosinarii [etc.] 
 xix" usque diem Lune proximum ante festum Natiuitatis Sancti 
 Johannis Baptiste anno xx°. 
 
 Expense forinsece. 
 In vj ulnis panni emptis pro roba Johannis capellani 
 
 Elemosinarii ...... Ss. 
 
 In iij ulnis panni empti pro Roberto clerico capelle Beate 
 
 Marie . . . . . .35. ^.d. 
 
 In dicto panno tondendo .... ^^d. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Item capellano elemosinarii pro dimidio anno . . 10*. 
 
 Item vicario Elemosinarii . . . .2s. 
 
 1344 — 1355. Cellarer's Expenditure on Worcester 
 Scholar-monks at Oxford. 
 
 Cellarer's Account 1344-5. 
 Small expenses include payment of 51*. to 44 monks and 
 brother J., a novice, for the Cellarer's O, besides 2 scholars at 
 Oxford and a monk staying with the lord bishop, and 509. for the
 
 WORCESTER. 47 
 
 Prior's O, 52^. for the Sacrist's O, 23.V. for fish for the Cellarer's 
 and Sacrist's O, and lOi-. for the Master of the Works' O. For 
 spices for the monks for the same three Os 20i-. 
 
 Blood-lettings. 
 
 Paid 44 monks and a novice, 2 scholars [monks] at Oxford, 
 and 2 staying with the bishop, for the six usual 
 blood-lettings, double to the Prior, at 6d. a blood- 
 letting . . . . .61. 9^. lod. 
 
 Additional payment for 4 and a third blood-lettings from 
 Easter to Michaelmas, at %\d. and double to the Prior, 
 and afterwards at 6c/. a blood-letting . .1/. \6s. ()^d. 
 
 Paid William Moss for 4 blood-lettings before his death . i*. 5c/. 
 
 Outside disbursements. 
 Two scholars [monks] at Oxford at is. ^d. a week 61. iis. ^d. 
 
 Computus [etc.] 18-19 Edward III. 
 Minute expense. 
 
 In . . . solutis xliiij monachis et fratri J. conuerso pro O 
 celerarii preter ij scolares Oxonie et j monachum com- 
 morantem cum Domino Episcopo 
 Item pro O Domini Prioris 
 Item pro O Sacriste .... 
 In pisce empto pro ij O Celerarii et Sacriste 
 In pisce empto pro conuentu pro O Magistri operum 
 In speciebus emptis pro conuentu pro dictis O Celerarii 
 
 Sacriste et magistri operum .... 20s. 
 
 51.V. 
 505. 
 
 52^. 
 23^. 
 
 lOS. 
 
 Mi 
 
 muciones. 
 
 Solutis xliiij monachis cum fratre J. conuerso pro minu- 
 cionibus suis cum dupplicibus Prioris, preter ij scolares 
 Oxonie et ij fratres commorantes cum Domino 
 Episcopo, per annum pro minucionibus suis consuetis, 
 videlicet, cuilibet monacho pro qualibet minucione 
 sua 6d . . . , . 61. 9i'. lod.
 
 48 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Solutis eisdem de incremento pro minucionibus suis a 
 festo Pasche incipiente usque festum Sancti Michaelis, 
 videlicet cuilibet eorum pro iiij minucionibus suis et 
 tercia parte unius municionis 8<i obolum, cum dupplice 
 Prioris et sic de cetero pro qualibet minucione 6^ 22$. 9|f/. 
 
 Solutis fratri Willelmo Mose pro iiij minucionibus suis 
 
 ante obitum suum . . . . . ijd. 
 
 Summa . . . , .8/. 36'. lift/. 
 
 Liberaciones forinsece. 
 Item solutis ij scolaribusOxonie perannum, videlicet utrique 
 
 pro ebdomada xvij'^, plus in toto xij^ ix'' . 6/. i is. ^d. 
 
 Cellarer's Account 1345-6. 
 
 Outside expenses. 
 Expenses of William Lovccock fetching two scholars 
 
 [monks] from Oxford for the bishop's visitation . 2d. 
 
 Expenses of John the baggage carrier to Oxford to fetch 
 
 brother John of Leominster [scholar monk] . , lo^d. 
 
 Payment of cash. 
 Two scholars [monks] at Oxford for a year . yl. lis. 
 
 Computus Robert! de Westone, Celerarii ibidem, de om- 
 nibus receptis et expensis per ipsum factis a crastino Sancti 
 Michaelis anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii post conquestum 
 xix° usque in crastinum Sancti Michaelis anno reuoluto. 
 
 Forinsece expense. 
 In expensis Willelmi Louecock querentis scolares Oxonie 
 
 pro visitacione episcopi . . . .2d. 
 
 In expensis Johannis le Somiter versus Oxoniam pro fratre 
 
 Johanne de Lempstre querendo . . . lo^d. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Liberatum ... 
 Item solutum duobus scolarlbus Oxonie per annum yl. 11s.
 
 WORCESTER. 49 
 
 Cellarer's Account 1346-7. 
 Outside expenses include payment for brother Stephen 
 Tetbury going to Oxford [scholar monk going up for the first 
 time] 30^. and for the Precentor and the said Stephen traveUing 
 there 1 1^-. ii^c/., Hire of two horses for Stephen and Bosbury 
 4*'. 1(1., and their expenses 4.V. ^d., Livery to Stephen by the 
 Prior for his gown 20^., Payment of cash includes, to two 
 scholars [monks] at Oxford £j lis. ^d. 
 
 Computus [etc., as in last], 20-21 Edward III. 
 Expense forinsece. 
 In . . . solutis fratri Stephano Tettebury versus Oxoniam . 305. 
 In expensis Precentoris et eiusdem Stephani versus ibidem 
 
 2S. ii\d. 
 In ij equis conductis pro dicto Stephano et Bosebury . 4.9. id. 
 
 In expensis eorundem . . . . .4^. ^d. 
 
 Liberatum eidem Stephano per Dominum Prlorem pro 
 
 habitu ...... 205, 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Item duobus scolaribus Oxonie . . .7/. 11s. ^d. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1354-5. 
 Under the heading Buying bread, wine and beer, are included 
 items of j^5 4.?. paid to two monk scholars for their liveries from 
 the Cellarer, and 385. to another for 35 weeks. 
 
 Computus fratris Walteri de Wynforton Celerarii [etc. as in 
 last] 28-29 Edward III. 
 
 Empcio panis vini et cervisie. 
 Solutis fratribus R. Tenbury et N. de Morton scolaribus 
 
 pro Hberacionibus suis de Celerario hoc anno . . 104*. 
 
 Item Symoni de Ancredam pro liberacione per xxxv 
 
 ebdomadas . ... . . . .38^. 
 
 1355-6. The Almonry Chaplain and servants. 
 
 Almoner's Account, 1355-6. 
 Stipend of chaplain in Almonry, 36*., the Almoner's servant, 
 Zs. 6d., chaplain's gown, Ss. The servant for the Maundy, id. 
 
 H
 
 50 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 [The payment for the chaplain in the Almonry continues in 
 all the Almoner's accounts at the same rate till that of Robert of 
 Hembury, 1379-80, when it is 53.?. ^d.] 
 
 Computus [etc.] Rogeri de Minstreworth Elemosinarii [etc.], 
 
 29-30 Edwardi III. 
 
 Stipendia. 
 
 In stipendio j capellani in Elemosinaria . . 36^. 
 
 Et in stipendio seruientis Elemosinarii . . 8a-. 6c/. 
 
 Eidem pro roba sua . . . . 8>9. 
 
 Item seruienti pro mandate . . .id. 
 
 1356 — 1360. Two scholar-monks at Oxford. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1356-7. 
 Purchase of bread, wine and beer. For two scholars at 
 Oxford, 5/. 4.?. ; Outside Expenses, for horse hire to take one 
 there, is. 6d. 
 
 Computus fratris Willelmi de Wynfortone [etc., as in last], 
 30-31 Edwardi III. 
 
 Empcio panis vini et cervisie. 
 In solutis duobus scolaribus Oxonie pro liberacionibus suis 
 
 de celerario hoc anno ..... 104^. 
 Expense forinsece. 
 In uno equo locato pro scolari ducendo usque Oxoniam . iSd. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1357-8. 
 
 To two brethren [named] scholars . . .5/, 
 
 Computus [etc., as in last], 31-32 Edward III. 
 
 Forensice liberaciones. 
 
 Item fratribus Thome Cros et N. de Mortone scolaribus 
 
 pro liberacionibus suis de celarario . . . 100*. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1359-60. 
 At blood-lettings for 34 monks and i novice, 2?. each, 
 
 and double for the Prior . , . .62^.
 
 WORCESTER. 5^ 
 
 The same after Michaelmas [the end of the fiscal year] 
 
 at 6c^. . . . . . . i8.y. 
 
 The same for the Oxford scholars . . .5^. 
 
 Outside payments to Oxford scholars (monks) at is. 3^. 
 
 a week . . . . . 61. iSs. 8d. 
 
 The same after the end of the year . . . i /. 
 
 Computus [etc., as in last], 33-34 Edward III. 
 
 Minuciones. 
 
 Solutis xxxiiij monachis et j conuerso cum duplo Priori, 
 
 per annum Priori iiiJA-. cuilibet alteri monacho ij*. . Ixxij.?. 
 
 Eisdem pro minucione post Michaelem . . . xviiji'. 
 
 Item ij scolaribus Oxonie pro minucionibus suis per idem 
 
 tempus . . . . . .V*. 
 
 Item iij monachis [word illegible, .'' mortuis] pro iii minu- 
 cionibus ..... iiijv. vi(/. 
 Summa .... iiij/. xviijf/. 
 Forinsece liberaciones. 
 
 Solutis Thome Cros et N. de Morton scolaribus pro 
 liberacionibus suis de Celerario, cuilibet eorum per 
 ebdomadam i^d. . . . . 61. i2s. Sd. 
 
 Eisdem pro liberacionibus suis post Michaelem . . xx^. 
 
 1369 — 70- No mention of Worcester monk-scholars in 
 Cellarer's Accounts. 
 
 1371 — 1373- Only one Worcester scholar-monk at 
 
 Oxford. 
 
 View of Cellarer's Account, 16 Dec. 1371 to Mich. 1372. 
 
 View of Account of Cellarer : Under Delivery of money, 
 for one monk scholar at Oxford [named] from Christ- 
 mas to Midsummer . . . . .3/. 
 
 And another [named] from Christmas to Michaelmas 4/. 10^. 
 Visus computi Willelmi Power Celerarii [etc.] a xvi""" die 
 
 mensis Decembris anno regni Regis Edwardi tercii xlv" usque 
 
 anno xlvj°.
 
 si EARLY EDUCATiON. 
 
 Liberaciones forinsece. 
 Solutum Johanni Maluerne pro emendacione domus 
 
 Oxonie . . . . . .16.9. 
 
 Liberaciones denariorum. 
 Itein J. Maluerne a Nativitate Domini usque Nativitatem 
 
 Sancti Johannis existenti apud Oxoniam . . 3/. 
 
 Item J. Hatfeld Scolari Oxonie a Nativitate Domini usque 
 
 Michaelem . . . . . 4/. lo*. 
 
 View of Cellarer's Account, Mich. 1372 to Monday before 
 St. George's Day, 1373. 
 Delivery of money to one Oxford scholar-monk [named] 
 
 Michaelmas to Easter . . . .3/. 
 
 Visus computi Willelmi Power a crastino Michaelis anno 
 regni Regis Edwardi tercii 46° usque diem lune ante festum 
 Sancti Georgii anno 47°. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Liberatum J. Hatfeld scolari Oxonie a Michaele usque 
 
 Pascha ...... 60s. 
 
 1376-7. The Cellarer of Worcester contributes to 
 expenses of Prior of Gloucester [Benedictine monks'] 
 College at Oxford on taking D.D. degree. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 29 Nov. 1376 to 29 Sept. 1377. 
 
 [Printed in full in " Compotus Rolls of the I'riory of Worcester" 
 by S. G. Hamilton, Wore. Hist. Soc., 1910.] 
 
 Out payments include : To brother Everard, Prior of Oxford 
 {i.e., of Gloucester College, Oxford), incepting in theology, for 
 his garnishing for 3 years, 33.V. lo^d. Expenses of Scholars 
 going to Oxford after Michaelmas, i^. 30^. " Delivery of 
 money " includes : To one scholar at Oxford, 6/. ; and to another 
 for 3^ quarters, 5/. 5,9. 
 
 Computus [etc., as in last] a vigilia Sancti Andree anno [etc.] 
 Edwardi tercii quinquagesima usque Michaelem et tunc proximum 
 sequentem anno regni regis Ricardi secundi primo.
 
 WORCESTER. 53 
 
 Expense forinsece. 
 Item fratri Euerardo Priori Oxonie incipienti in theologia 
 
 pro companagio iij annorum . . . 33.V. lO^d. 
 
 In expensis scolarium euncium usque Oxoniam post 
 
 Michaelem . . . . . . i^. 36?. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Item ij scolaribus [a line drawn through] J. Grene scolari 
 
 Oxonie . . . . . .61. 
 
 Item fratri J. Hatfeld pro iij quarteriis anni et dimidio . 105*. 
 
 1381 — 1393. Contributions by Cellarer, Precentor, 
 Kitchener and Chamberlain to 2 Worcester scholar- 
 monks at Oxford. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1381-2. 
 
 Delivery of money to 2 scholars at Oxford for the year, 12/. 
 
 Computus [etc.], 5-6 Richard II. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 
 Liberatum ij scolaribus Oxonie per annum . .ill. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1382-3. 
 
 The same as year before. 
 
 Computus [etc., as in last], 6-7 Richard II. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 
 Item ij scolaribus Oxonie per annum . . .ill. 
 
 Precentor's Account, Mich. 1384-5. 
 
 [Printed in full in S. G. Hamilton's "Compotus Rolls of Worcester 
 Priory," Wore. Hist. Soc, T910, p. 40.] 
 
 Out payments : Expenses of a scholar at Oxford going 
 
 and returning with hired horses at different times . 6*. 
 Precentoria. Computus Fratris Roberti Stanes Precentoris 
 ecclesie cathedralis Wygornie a Michaele anno [etc.] Ricardi 
 secundi viij" usque Michaelem anno ix°.
 
 54 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Expense forinsece. 
 In expensis J. Sodeleie, scolaris Oxonie, cum equis con- 
 
 ductis pro eodem eundo et redeundo diuersis temporibus 6*. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1385-6. 
 Delivery of money. Paid 2 scholars at Oxford . .12/. 
 
 Computus [etc., as in last], 9-10 Richard II. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 
 Solutum ij scolaribus Oxonie . . . .III. 
 
 View of Cellarer's Account, Mich. 1386 to 17 Feb. 1387. 
 Delivery of money to two scholars at Oxford for half-year 
 
 by brother John Stratford . . . .61. 
 
 Visus computi fratrls Willelmi Power a crastino Sancti 
 Michaelis anno regni Regis Ricardi secundi x" usque xvij diem 
 mensis Februarii per xx ebdomadas. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Item ij scolaribus Oxonie pro dimidio anno per manus 
 
 fratris J. Stratford . , . . .61. 
 
 View of new Cellarer's Account for half-year, 1 7 Feb. to 
 
 Mich. 1387. 
 
 Delivery of money to 2 scholars at Oxford for 3 terms . 9/. 
 
 Visus compoti fratris Willelmi Oustone celerarii Wigornie a 
 
 xvij" die mensis Februarii regno regis Ricardi secundi x° usque 
 
 Michaelem ex tunc proximo sequentem per xxxij ebdomadas. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Item ij scolaribus Oxonie pro iij terminis .' . 9/. 
 
 Kitchener's Account, Mich. 1387-8. 
 
 [Printed in full in S. G. Hamilton's " Compotus Rolls of Worcester 
 Priory," Wore. Hist. Soc, 1910, p. 24.] 
 
 Delivery of money to 2 scholars at Oxford for the 
 
 year . . . . . . 3/. 95. ^d.
 
 WORCESTER. 55 
 
 Coquina. Computus fratris Thome Hertibury coquinarii 
 a Michaele [etc., as in last] x° usque [etc.] xj°. 
 Liberaciones denariorum. 
 Solutis ij scolaribus Oxonie per annum . . 69.?. ^d. 
 
 Chamberlain's Account, Mich. 1388 to 9 May 1389. 
 
 [Printed in full in S. G. Hamilton's " Cduipotiis Rolls of Priory 
 of Worcester," Wore. Hist. Soe., i-io.] 
 
 Out payments. Delivered to 2 scholars at Oxford for 3 
 
 quarters of a year . . . . .2/. 5.?. 
 
 Camerarius. Per fratrem Thomam Dene a Michaele anno 
 xij° usque ix diem mensis Maii per xxxij ebdomadas anno 
 predicto. 
 
 Liberaciones forinsece. 
 Liberatum ij scolaribus Oxonie pro iij quarteriis anni . 45^. 
 
 View of Cellarer's Account, Mich. 1391 to Lady Day 1392. 
 Delivery of money to two scholars at Oxford . . 6/. 
 
 Visus compoti Fratris Thome Dene celerarii ibidem a 
 Michaele anno regni Regis Ricardi secundi xv" usque in crastinum 
 Annunciacionis Dominice per xxv ebdomadas anno predicto. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Liberatum ij scolaribus Oxonie per tempus predictum . 61. 
 
 View of Cellarer's Account, Lady Day to Michaelmas 1392. 
 Out payments. For expenses of two Oxford scholars [monks] 
 named coming to visitation, 2.v. ; and returning to Oxford with 
 two horses, S^d. Delivery of money to them for half-year, 6/. 
 
 .Visus compoti fratris Willelmi Power celerarii ab incrastino 
 annunciacionis dominice anno regni regis Ricardi II. di xv° usque 
 Michaelem regni eiusdem xvj™". 
 
 Expense forinsece. 
 In expensis fratrum J. Duddelye et J. Fordam venien- 
 
 cium ad visitacionem . . . . . \js. 
 
 Item eorundem euncium versus Oxoniam cum ij equis viijd. ^d.
 
 56 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Llberacio denariorum. 
 Solutum scolaribus Oxoiiie per tempus predictum . 61. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, Mich. 1392-3. 
 Delivery of cash to scholars at Oxford for year, ill. Out 
 payments : for expenses of the carter of the long cart going 
 to Oxford for J. Dudley [scholar-monk], 5.V. 4^d. 
 
 Computus [etc., as in last], Mich. 16-17 Richard II. 
 
 Llberacio denariorum. 
 Item scolaribus Oxonie per annum . , .12/. 
 
 Expense forinsece. 
 Item in expensis W. carectarii longe carecte euntis 
 
 usque Oxoniam pro J. Duddeleye . . . 5.?. 46?. 
 
 1392-6. The Warden of the Lady Chapel of the 
 Cathedral keeps secular clerks and boys to sing in it. 
 
 Account of Warden of the Lady Chapel, 30 Sept. 1392-3. 
 
 Petty expenses with purchase of wax, oil, cloth and furs. 
 Paid John Hereford, clerk, for his extras for 24 weeks, 12^.; 
 Expenses of stranger clerks, singing in parts in the chapel, at 
 different times in the Guest house, 8f/. ; Presents to monks, 
 clerks, and others by courtesy at Christmas time, 4^. ; 12 yards 
 of coloured cloth for 3 clerks at is. lod. a yard, plus 2d., 22s. 2d. ; 
 and shearing it, ^d. ; Furs, 5.?. ; Hose bought for 2 of the 
 clerks according to agreement, 2.v. ^d. ; Laundress for washing 
 albs and surplices for this year and last, gd. 
 
 Cost of buildings. 
 
 Stipend of John Hereford, 29 Sept. to 22 July, 3 terms and 
 5 weeks, and courtesy [gratuity] for the 5 weeks, 32.?. ; John 
 Driffield the same, 23.V. 6d. ; Thomas, a clerk, singing for 3 
 terms, 20.4-. 
 
 Computus fratris Willelmi Oustone custodis capelle ecclesie 
 cathedralis Beate Marie Wygornie ab incrastino Sancti Michaelis 
 anno regni Regis Ricardi secundi post conquestum xvj° usque in
 
 WORCESTER. 57 
 
 crastiiuim Saiicti Michaelis extunc proximum sequens anno 
 eiusdem regis xvij". 
 
 Minute cum empcione cere et olei ac panni et furrurarum. 
 Solutis Johanni Herford pro companagio suo per xxiiij 
 
 ebdomadas . . . . . i2s. od. 
 
 In expensis clericorum extraneorum cantancium organiam 
 
 in capella, per vices in hostilaria . . . Sc/. 
 
 In donis datis monacliis clericis et aliis de curialitate circa 
 
 Natale . . . . . .4.9. od. 
 
 Item in xij virgatis panni colorati emptis pro iij clericis, 
 
 datis pro virga xxijr/. plus in toto \]d. . 22s. 2d. 
 
 In tonsura eiusdem ..... 4f/. 
 
 In iij furruris emptis pro eisdem .... 5.?. od. 
 Item in caligis emptis et datis ij clericis ex predictis ex 
 
 conuencione ...... 2.v. 4^. 
 
 Item solutis lotrici pro albis et superpelliciis lauandis tam 
 
 pro hoc anno quani computo precedente . . ^d. 
 
 Summa . 6<)s. lod. 
 
 Custus domorum. 
 Stipendio Johannis Harford a festo Michaelis usque 
 festum Beate Marie Magdalene per tres terminos et v 
 ebdomadas idtra, cum curialitate data eidem pro dictis 
 ebdomadis ..... 32,9. od. 
 
 Item Johanni Dryffeld per idem tempus cum curialitate ut 
 
 supra ..... 23.?. 6d. 
 
 Item Thome clerico cantanti per iij terminos . 2o.s'. od. 
 
 Summa . 7 5. v. 6d. 
 
 Chapel Warden's Account, 1394-5. 
 Petty expenses. 
 Given to clerks and others at Christmas, 3.?. ; Item 9^ 
 yards of coloured cloth of the suit of the Prior's gentlemen 
 (esquires) for 3 clerks, 17*'. ^d. ; for their furs, 5^. ; 3^ yards of 
 cloth for the boys of the chapel at is. 6d. a yard, 4*. 6c/. ; shoes 
 for the same, 2s. ; mending surplices, 2d, ; laundress, 4c/,
 
 58 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Stipends. 
 John Hereford for Lady Day and Midsummer term, 30.S. ; 
 Illway for a year, 26s. id. ; Gratuity to him for teaching the 
 chapel boys, 2s. <)d. ; William at Ree for 3 terms, 20s. ; Thomas, 
 clerk, for Michaelmas term, 6.y. %d. 
 
 Computus [etc., as in last], 18-19 Richard II. 
 
 Minute. 
 In dono dato clericis et aliis contra Natale Domini . 3*. 
 
 Item in ix virgatis et dimidia panni coloris emptis, de 
 secta armigerorum Domini Prioris, pro iij clericis hoc 
 anno . . . . . 17*. 5c?. 
 
 Item datis iij clericis pro furruris suis . . .55. od. 
 
 Item in iij virgatis a pro ij pueris de capella pro virgata 1 id. 4.?. 6d. 
 In scolaribus emptis pro eisdem per annum . .2s. od. 
 
 In emendandis superpelliciis .... id. 
 
 Lotrici ....... ^d. 
 
 6()S. I i\d. 
 Stipendia. 
 
 In stipendio Johannis Herforde pro terminis annuncia- 
 
 cionis Johannis Baptiste et Michaelis . . 30.?. od. 
 
 It in stipendio Johannis Ylleway per annum . 26.?. 8rf. 
 
 In curialitate data eidem ad informandum pueros de 
 
 capella ...... 2s. ^d. 
 
 Item solutis Willelmo atte Ree pro iij terminis . 20*. od. 
 
 Item Thome clerico pro termino Michaelis . . 6*. %d. 
 
 Summa . 4/. 6s. id. 
 
 Chapel Warden's Account, 1395-6. 
 
 Buying cloth furs etcetera. 8 yards of coloured cloth of 
 gentlemen's suit for 2 clerks, 13.?. 2d.; a yard of coloured cloth 
 for John Garles chaplain singing in the chapel sometimes, 2,v. 4rd. ; 
 i^ yard of cloth for little Parry and making, 2s. iid. \ 3 pairs of 
 hose for them, is. Sd. ; 2 pairs of sleeves for him, gd. ; 8 pairs 
 of shoes, ^d. ; 2 pairs of laces [.''], ^d. ; a shirt, 6d. ; two pairs 
 of hose and 2 pairs of shoes for Thomas the Synger's son, is. 4^/. ;
 
 WORCESTER. 59 
 
 mending Parry's clothes at different times, 8r/. Petty expenses. 
 Making 20 Judases and painting them, 10?.; a picture for the 
 Lady chapel altar, 6.v. ^d. ; Food for the clerks at different 
 times, y.y. ; the Chapel Warden when away from the monastery, 
 2s. ; Parchment bought for a book of harmony and made 
 into an account roll, ^d. Stipends. John Hereford, 40.S'. ; 
 Thomas, clerk, 26s. Sd. ; Washerwoman, 6d. 
 
 Computus [etc., as in last], fratris Johannis Worcestre [etc.], 
 
 19-20 Ric. II. 
 
 Empcio pannorum furrurarum et aliorum. 
 Item in viij virgatis panni coloris emptis de secta armi- 
 
 gerorum Domini Prioris pro ij clericis hoc anno 13.?. 2d. 
 
 In j virgata panni coloris emptor pro Johanne Garles 
 
 cappellano cantante in capella per vices . . 2.v. ^d. 
 
 In j virgata et dimidia panni pro paruo Parys cum factura 
 
 eiusdem . . . . . 2s. lid. 
 
 In iiij paribus caligarum pro eisdem . . .1*. Sd. 
 
 In ij paribus manucarum emptis pro eodem . . ^d. 
 
 In viij paribus sotularium pro eodem . . . 2.v. od. 
 
 In ij paribus de Taryns pro eodem . . . ^d. 
 
 j camisia pro eodem ..... 6d. 
 Item in ij paribus caligarum et ij paribus sotularium 
 
 emptis pro filio Thome syngar . . .1*. 40?. 
 
 In emendacione pannorum dicti Parys per vices . . 8d. 
 
 Summa . 29s. id. 
 
 Minute. 
 Item in solutis pro factura xx Judaces cum pictura 
 
 eorundem ..... 10.?. od. 
 
 j tabule pro altare Beate Marie in capella . . 6s. Sd. 
 
 In victualibus diuersis emptis pro dictis clericis per vices . js. od. 
 Magistro capelle existenti extra . . .2^. od. 
 
 In pergameno empto pro j libro de organia facto in rotulum 
 
 computi ...... 4.d. 
 
 Summa . 26.?. od.
 
 40*. 
 
 od. 
 
 26.';. 
 
 %d. 
 
 • 
 
 6d. 
 
 60 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Stipendia. 
 In stipendio Johannis Herford . 
 In stipendio Thome clerici 
 In stipendio lotricis .... 
 
 Summa . Sjs. 2d. 
 
 1395-6. A scholar-monk of Worcester goes to Rome 
 and the King's Court on Priory business. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, Mich. 1395-6. 
 Doing business inckides payment to Brother J. Fordam 
 going to Nottingham to confer with the lord the King for 
 privileges, il. ; Out payments include payment to Robert the 
 lord Prior's palfreyman for expenses of brother Ralph Fylkes and 
 others going with him, and of carrying necessaries for him on 
 first going to Oxford, 3.?. 2d. Delivery of money to two scholars 
 at Oxford, 9/. and no more, because brother John Fordam was 
 at the Court of Rome and elsewhere for half the year. 
 Computus [etc., as in last], 19-20 Richard II. 
 Expense forinsece. 
 Negocia exequenda. Solutum Fratri J. Fordam eunti 
 versus Notyngham pro colloquio habendo cum domino 
 Rege pro priuilegiis ..... 20i'. 
 Solutum Roberto Palfreman Domini Prioris pro 
 expensis fratris Radulphi Fylkes et aliorum secum 
 euncium una cum expensis cariandi necessaria sua 
 prima vice versus Oxoniam ... 3.$. 2d. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Item ij scolaribus Oxonie . . . .9/. 
 
 et non plus quia Frater J. Fordam stetit ad Curiam Romanam 
 et aUbi pro dimidio anni. 
 
 1396-7. The Warden of the Lady Chapel maintains 
 3 clerks. 
 
 Chapel Warden's Account, 1396-7. 
 
 Stipends, John Hereford, 40.9. ; William Ree, 3 quarters, 
 15.?. ; John Garlek, 20.?. Petty expenses, Painting image of the 
 Virgin at the feet of bishop Blois.
 
 WORCESTER. 6l 
 
 Computus [etc., as in last], 20-21 Ricardi II. 
 
 Stipendia. 
 
 In stipendio Johannis Hereford . . . 4.0s. 
 
 In stipendio Willelmi Ree pro iij quarteriis . . 205. 
 
 Item Johanni Gariek per vices .... 20*. 
 
 Minute expense. 
 Pro pictura j imaginis Beate Marie ad pedes Episcopi Bloys 20s. 
 
 1405-6. Two scholar-monks at Oxford. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1405-6. 
 
 Delivery of money to two scholars for the year . .ill. 
 
 Computus Fratris Thome Dene, Celerarii [etc.], 6-7 Henry IV. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 
 Item ij scolaribus Oxonie per annum . . .12/. 
 
 1406-7. The Chapel Warden keeps 3 clerks. 
 
 [Printed in full in S. G. Hamilton's " Compotus Rolls of Worcester 
 Priory," Wore. Hist. Soc, 19 10, p. 60.] 
 
 Chapel-warden's Account, 1406-7. 
 Cloth, II yards for 3 clerks in Lady Chapel, 22s.; 3 furs, 
 4.f. 6d. Petty expenses, washing and mending surplices, albs, 
 towels, etc., u-. ^d. ; food for clerks, 6*'. Sd. Stipends, two at 
 2/. a year, one at i/., and one at 6s. 8d. 
 
 Computus [etc.] Johannis Whytechurche custodis capelle 
 Beate Marie [etc.], 8-9 Henrici IV. 
 
 Empcio pannorum. 
 Et in xj virgis panni pro iij clericis in capella contra 
 
 Natale Domini, datis pro virgata, 2s. . . . 22s. 
 
 Et in iij fururis pro eisdem . . . .4^. Sd. 
 
 Summa 26*. 6d. 
 
 Minute. 
 Et in locione superpelliciorum albarum et manutergiorum 
 
 et aliorum cum emendacione eorundem per annum . i6c^. 
 Et in victualibus emptis pro clericis hoc anno . . 6*. id.
 
 62 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Stipendia clericorum. 
 In stipendio Johannis Herford, per annum . . 40.S. 
 
 Item Willelmi Bele, per annum .... 405. 
 Item Willelmi Ree, per annum .... 20*. 
 Item Johannis Shekell, per annum . . , 6*'. 8^. 
 
 1407-8. Worcester scholar-monks employed as heresy- 
 hunters. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 30 Sept. 1407 to Sunday after 6 Jan. 1408. 
 
 Doing business. Expenses of two brethren named [being 
 Oxford scholar-monks] riding to Gloucester to confer 
 with the King and the Archbishop of Canterbury, and 
 back, and riding to Oxford to destroy the opinions of 
 divers heretics erring in the faith . . 4/. 9*'. ^d. 
 
 Computus fratris Thome Dene Celerarii Wygornie a crastino 
 Sancti Michaelis Archangeli anno regni Regis Henrici iiij'^ post 
 conquestum nono usque diem Dominicam proximam post festum 
 Epiphanie anno predicto pro xiiij ebdomadis. 
 
 Negocia exequenda. 
 Item in expensis fratrum J. Duddeleye, J. Fordam et 
 suorum equitancium usque Gloucestriam pro coUoquio 
 habendo cum Domino Rege et Domino Archiepiscopo 
 ibidem et redeundo, una cum expensis dictorum J. Dud- 
 deleye et J. Fordam equitancium usque Oxoniam causa 
 opinionum diuersorum hereticorum errancium in fide 
 destruendarum . . . .4/. 12.$. gd. 
 
 1408-9. A scholar-monk elected Prior of Worcester. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1408-9. 
 Delivery of money to 2 Oxford scholars . . 9/. 
 
 Compotus [etc.] Johannis Chve [etc., as in last], 9-10 H. IV. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Item ij scolaribus Oxonie per tempus compoti . . 9/.
 
 WORCESTER. 63 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1409-10. 
 
 Expenses of Visitation of Bishop and of burial of Prior John 
 Malvern, and Installation of John Fordam, now Prior, including 
 John the gardener going to Oxford to tell Fordam of the 
 death of Prior Malvern, and fetching 3 scholars from Oxford 
 for the same business, 14.?. 4^/., and fetching Fordam's books from 
 Oxford, 13.?. 4c/., and payment of two scholars at Oxford 12/. 
 
 Expense facte circa Visitacionem Domini Episcopi et Funera- 
 cionem Prions Johannis Maluerne ac Installacionem Domini 
 Johannis Fordam nunc Prioris. 
 
 In expensis Johannis Gardyner euntis usque Oxoniam ad 
 premuniendum Dominum nunc Priorem de morte 
 Prioris defuncti . . . . . 3*. ^d. 
 
 Item in expensis Domini nunc Prioris Fratrum Thome 
 Ledbury et Ricardi Clyfton veniencium de Oxonia 
 usque Wigorniam pro eodem negocio . 14.9. ^d. 
 
 Expense forinsece. 
 
 Item in expensis querencium libros Domini nunc Prioris 
 Oxonie ac redeundi et reducencium Fratrem Ricardum 
 Clyfton . . . . . 13*. 4c/. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 
 Item ij scolaribus Oxonie per annum . . .12/. 
 
 1412-13- The Worcester Hostilar contributes to new 
 chambers for Worcester scholar-monks at Gloucester 
 College, Oxford. 
 
 Guest- Keeper's Account, 1412-13. 
 
 Petty expenses include is. given to the Oxford scholars 
 towards acquiring their new chambers, etc. 
 
 Computus [etc.] Willelmi Clyue, Hostilarii [etc.] 14 Henrici 
 quarti — 15 Henrici quinti. 
 
 Minute. 
 Item datis scolaribus Oxonie pro nouis cameris suis per- 
 
 quirendis ...... i2d.
 
 64 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 1420-30. Scholar-monks at Oxford, including visit of 
 Sacrist when one of them takes D.D. degree. 
 
 Cellarer's Account for 16 weeks, 10 May to 30 Sept. 1420. 
 Delivery of money to Oxford scholars for two terms . 61. 
 
 Computus [etc.] Ricardi Tyburton celerarii ibidem a decimo 
 die mensis Mail anno regni regis Henrici quinti viij° usque in- 
 crastinum Michaelis anno dicti Regis supradicto per xvj eb- 
 domadas. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Item scolaribus Oxonie pro dictis ij terminis (St. Johannis 
 
 et S. Michaelis) ..... 6/. 
 
 Chapel warden's Account, 1 420-1. 
 Two chapel clerks at 40.?. a year, one for three quarters at 
 30.?. Expenses of the Warden going to Lichfield and back to 
 get clerks, y. q^d. Cost of a clerk of Lady Abergavenny 
 coming on St. George's Day (23 April), in food and gratuities, 
 35. 4(/, Cost of 2 clerks from Lichfield coming once in summer, 
 IX. lod. 
 
 Computus [etc.] fratris Willelmi Broughton, custodis capelle 
 Beate Marie [etc.] 8-9 Henrici quinti. 
 
 Stipendia. 
 In stipendio Willelmi Reele pro iij quarteriis . . 30^. 
 
 [Two others for whole year, 40^. each.] 
 In expensis computantis versus Lychefeld pro clericis 
 
 ibidem querendis et redeundo ... 3^. y^d. 
 
 In expensis clerici Domine de Bergauenny venientis ibidem 
 
 in die Sancti Georgii ut in victualibus et donis . 3.?. ^d. 
 
 In expensis ij clericorum de Lychefeld veniencium ibidem 
 j vice in estate . . . . . 2id. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 30 Sept. 1 420-1. 
 
 Delivery of money to Oxford Scholars for year . .ill. 
 
 Computus [etc., as in last] 8-9 Henrici quinti. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 
 Item scolaribus Oxonie per annum . . .12/.
 
 WORCESTER. 65 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 30 Sept. 1421-1422. 
 
 Henry VI. primo. 
 
 Out payments. Expenses of two scholar-monks coming 
 
 from Oxford to confer with the Lord Prior at different times, in 
 
 horse hire, etc., 2*-. Payment to Oxford scholars for the 
 
 year, ill. 
 
 Computus [etc., as in last Cellarer's Account] Henrici sexti 
 primo. 
 
 Expense forinsece. 
 In expensis Thome Ledbury et Ricardi Brameley venien- 
 tibus de Oxonia ad habendum colloquium cum Domino 
 Priore per vices ut in equis conductis et aliis . . 2*. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Item scolaribus Oxonie per annum . . .12/. 
 
 1423^ 5 July. The Prior of Worcester presides at, and 
 a Worcester monk as Prior of Oxford Students reports 
 at a General Benedictine Chapter at Northampton as to 
 non-attendance of students from various monasteries, in- 
 cluding Evesham, at Gloucester College. 
 
 [Clement Reyiier, Apostolatus Benedictinorum in Anglia. Douay, 
 1626. Appendix III., p. 170. Scriptura, Ixxii. Ex Antiquo MS. Dunehn- 
 ensi.] 
 
 That the laudable statutes of the venerable fathers may not 
 escape from the bounds of memory, but rather may clearly be 
 brought to the notice of all for the due observance of our Order, 
 the tenor of the ensuing work will declare in order all the Acts of 
 Chapter which in 1423 on 5 July and following days were 
 made and duly ordered by the Provincial Chapter of the Black 
 Monks of the Province of England canonically held in the Lady 
 chapel of the monastery of St. Andrew's, Northampton. 
 
 This Chapter was celebrated by the venerable fathers in Christ 
 and Presidents Lord William, by the sufferance of God Abbot of 
 St. Edmunds Bury, and Master John, by the like sufferance 
 Prior of the Cathedral Church of Worcester, professor of the 
 sacred page [D.D.] ; Lord William of pious memory, late Abbot
 
 66 EARLV EDUCATION. 
 
 of Westminster and at the time senior president, previously 
 offering his body to the earth and his soul to God .... 
 
 Next the committee of draftsmen appointed at the previous 
 chapter were summoned, viz., the Abbot of Evesham, the Abbot 
 of Croyland, Master John Derham, and Sir Thomas Ledbury, 
 Prior of the Students at Oxford, to put into shape with certain 
 fathers added, matters concerning the reform of our Order. 
 
 [p. 176.] When the hour previously assigned arrived .... 
 the Priors of students were called on by the clerk of the senior 
 President to bring forward without delay any complaints they might 
 have as to the names of prelates not sending or sending tardily 
 scholars to the General Schools, while making known to the 
 presidents any other defaults of the prelates or the scholars. 
 And as the Prior of Students at Oxford was one of the Com- 
 mittee and much occupied in difficult matters with his associates ; 
 the Prior of Students at Cambridge first got up, and in a suf- 
 ficiently commendable style shortly put forward two propositions 
 to the audience, first, the extreme neglect of the Abbot of Col- 
 chester, who, for a whole year together, with no reasonable excuse 
 had withdrawn a scholar of his monastery fi-om the school ; and 
 the aforesaid Prior entreated the Lords President, to prevent the 
 Abbot's longer continuance in his error, that they would weigh 
 the greatness of the default in the even balance of their discretion 
 and think fit to mulct him in the sum assessed by the constitu- 
 tions made with apostolical authority. Secondly, the aforesaid 
 Prior asked with insistence that fitting remedies might be applied 
 by the fathers of the Order to certain defects which caused 
 ruinous impediments to the study of liberal learning, such 
 especially as are known to redound to the notable relief of the 
 students and their no small benefit ; and amongst other things he 
 urgently prayed the Lords President that a notable sum of money 
 should be assigned by special grace for the aforesaid students at 
 Cambridge with which a sufficient hall for monks might be pro- 
 vided under royal licence. The Presidents agreed to shew favour 
 to his two-fold petition so far as they could, especially as the said 
 Prior's request redounded in no small degree to the honour and 
 advantage of the Order.
 
 WORCESTER. 67 
 
 When he withdrew, immediately the Prior of the Students at 
 Oxford succinctly put forward three matters on behalf of the 
 school of Oxford University before the Presidents and Chapter. 
 The first was the affection of pious devotion with the effect of 
 great benefit, and the zeal of sincere charity which had been very 
 liberally exhibited by some prelates, fathers and friends of the 
 Order towards the building of the chapel at Oxford ; and when 
 the Prior had stated their names and the amounts paid by each they 
 received infinite thanks as they deserved. 
 
 In the second place, the Prior shewed the Presidents and 
 Chapter what great sums of money derived not only from their 
 own gifts but also frequently fi-om loans, what troubles and 
 labour he had daily borne about the arrangement of the material 
 and the work ; and further what hindrances to the study of liberal 
 learning and to proceeding with the scholastic acts incumbent on 
 his degree he had now for nearly four years almost continuously 
 encountered, and therefore with humble and urgent entreaty he 
 begged the Lords President, and especially his own father [/.e., 
 the Prior of Worcester], to weigh the circumstances put before 
 them in the balance of reason and come to the conclusion that he 
 should be thenceforth wholly excused from the labour begun 
 and constantly continued for so long a time, in reverence to God 
 and their holy religion, that so he might make up for the time 
 lost, to his no small personal loss, by continual toil in his scholastic 
 work for the future. The Lords President agreeing though un- 
 willingly to his petition as issuing from the path of discretion, 
 left him with the thanks, which he deserved, of the whole 
 Chapter, free from his labour. Further, they promised the fathers 
 present that in a very short time they would without fail provide 
 another surveyor of the works of the chapel, however unequal to 
 the former one. 
 
 In the third place the same Prior of the Students set himself 
 in his zeal for the Order to make complaint of certain prelates 
 who had been found to have made default in sending scholars 
 from their monasteries to the universities as required by Pope 
 Benedict's constitutions, naming each of them. 
 
 The Abbot of Abbotsbury had withdrawn a scholar from the
 
 68 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 University for seven years. The Abbot of Tavistock had not 
 allowed a scholar to attend the University for a year. The Abbot 
 of Burton had made default in sending a scholar to the University 
 for a whole year. The Abbot of Michelney was found guilty of 
 not sending his scholar for four years. The Abbot of Hyde, 
 setting a damnable example to neighbouring monasteries, refused 
 to make payment due to his scholar for two whole years. The 
 Abbot of Chester had no scholar at the University for nearly 
 twelve years, and should be the more severely punished for con- 
 tinuing his neglect for so long. The Abbot of Malmesbury 
 had withdrawn one of his scholars for two years, and his default 
 ought to be the more taken notice of in that he had been frequently 
 found guilty before. The Abbot of Abingdon, who is bound 
 to send two scholars to study, compelled one of them to remain 
 in his monastery for two years. The Abbot of Evesham, though 
 himself a clerk and a graduate, has not been ashamed to withhold 
 two of his scholars for two years, and therefore would be the 
 more justly smitten with the penalty prescribed in the constitu- 
 tions for not devoting himself to the nurture of clerks, in which 
 the honour of monks consists. The Abbot of Westminster for 
 the space of a year has not allowed one of his scholars to attend 
 the schools ; and he would the more justly deserve special 
 censure in that he is the pastor of a church exempt [from episco- 
 pal jurisdiction], and the storehouse of the King's insignia, the 
 duties of which he ought to fulfil with the more fervent zeal 
 in proportion as they are known to tend to the profit and honour 
 of the Order. 
 
 Acts of the third day. 
 
 Next day, all being assembled at the stated hour, first those 
 prelates were fined by decree who sent their scholars too late or 
 not at all to the Universities. 
 
 In the name of God, Amen. We by the authority we enjoy 
 fine the underwritten fathers in the sum assessed by the Con- 
 stitutions of Pope Benedict for their default and negligence in 
 not sending scholars to Universities and for withdrawing or not 
 paying the due exhibitions to students to which they are 
 bound, viz., the Abbots of Abbotsbury [etc., as above]. But the
 
 WORCESTER. 69 
 
 prelates or their proctors put in evidence reasonable excuses 
 and promised amendment of their negligence and default for the 
 future, and humbly submitted themselves to the grace of the 
 Presidents. Yielding to their united claims the said Lords Presi- 
 dent, moved by fatherly affection, as usual, wholly remitted the 
 fines of each prelate on this occasion in the undoubting expecta- 
 tion of their speedy amendment. 
 
 Next the Committee for the next Provincial Chapter was 
 named by the senior President, with the assent of his fellow 
 President [11 in number, including Sir Thomas Ledbury, then 
 Prior of Oxford Students]. 
 
 Acts of the third day in the afternoon. 
 
 Then there were assigned to preach sermons at the next Pro- 
 vincial Chapter : first for preaching to the clerks and educated 
 persons in Latin Sir Thomas Ledbury, Prior of the Students at 
 Oxford [and three others, one a Bachelor in Theology] ; and for 
 preaching a sermon in the vulgar tongue four others, the last 
 being Sir John Bardney, Prior of the Students at Cambridge, 
 Bachelor in Decrees. 
 
 Ne patrum venerabilium laudabilia statuta jugis memorie 
 confinibus prolabantur, sed potius veridico scripture testimonio 
 ad nostri ordinis debitam obseruantiam cunctorum notitiae clarius 
 elucescant, processus sequentis operis singula acta capitularia 
 per ordinem declarabit, que sub anno Domini millesimo quad- 
 ringentesimo vigesimo tertio, mensis Julii die quinto, cum con- 
 tinuatione, et prorogatione dierum tunc immediate sequentium, 
 Capitulo Prouinciali Nigrorum Monachorum prouinciae Angli- 
 cane infra capellam Beate Marie Virginis Monasterii sancti 
 Andreae Apostoli apud Northamptonem canonice celebrato, gesta 
 extiterant, et debite ordinata. Hoc quidem Capitulum fuerat 
 celebratum per venerabiles in Christo patres, et praesidentes, 
 Dominum Willelmum permissione diuina Abbatem monasterii 
 sancti Edmundi de Buri, magistrumque Joannem eadem permis- 
 sione priorem Ecclesie Cathedralis Wigorniensis, sacre pagine 
 professorem ; pie memorie Domino Willelnio olim Westmonas-
 
 70 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 terii Abbate, ac seniore protunc presidente, terre suum corpus, 
 animam vero Deo primitus olterente .... 
 
 [P- 1 75-] Consequenter euocati sunt diffinitores, in Capitulo 
 praecedenti licite constituti, videlicet Abbas Eueshamie, Abbas 
 Croulandie, Magister Johannes Derham et Dominus Thomas 
 Ledbury, Prior studentium Oxonie ; vt ipsi, cum certis patribus 
 adiungendis, materias nostri ordinis reformationem concernentes 
 diffinitiue pertractarent. 
 
 [p. 176.] Jam hora superueniente superius assignata vocati 
 sunt Priores studentium per scribam senioris praesidentis, ut, si 
 quas haberent, querelas proponerent sine mora, de nominibus 
 prelatorum non mittentium, seu minus tarde mittentiumscholares 
 ad studia generalia, unacum ceteris defectibus prelates, aut 
 scholares concernentibus, presidentes certificando. Kt quia Prior 
 studentium Oxonie unus erat diffinitorum, ac circa arduas 
 materias cum ceteris sibi associatis multipliciter occupatus ; Prior 
 studentium Cantibrigie primitus se erexit, styloque satis com- 
 mendabili duo in publica proposuit audiencia compendiose. 
 Primo nimiam Abbatis Colcestrie negligentiam, qui per unum 
 annum continuum, nulla causa rationabili ipsum excusante, sui 
 monasterii scholarem subtraxit a studio, et pro tanto ne in pristini 
 erroris continuatione diutius moraretur, supplicauit Dominis 
 Presidentibus Prior prenotatus quatenus pensata eque discre- 
 tionis libramine sui defectus quantitate, ipsum in summa taxata 
 per constitutiones, auctoritate Apostolica, mulctare dignarentur. 
 Secundo prefatus Prior exhortationis petebat instantiis, ut super 
 certis defectibus studio liberalis scientie dispendiosa impedimenta 
 infortunate causantibus, congrua per ordinis patres opponerentur 
 remedia : talia presertim, que in notabile reieuamen predictorum 
 studentium, utilitatemque non modicam eorundem, resonare 
 noscuntur ; et inter cetera sedulis precum instantiis Dominos 
 Presidentes obnixius exorabat, quatinus una notabilis summa prae- 
 libatis Cantabrigiae studentibus ex speciali gratia foret assignata, 
 cum qua hospitium religiosum competens, prehabita Regis 
 licentia, possit comparari. Cuius verbis in dualitate petitionum 
 consistentibus, presidentes se fauorabiles exhibere annuebant
 
 WORCESTER. 7I 
 
 j uxta vires, presertim cum prefati Prioris desiderium in honorem 
 et commodum ordinis non modicum redundabat. 
 
 Ipso sic recedente, confestim pro studio vniuersitatis Oxonie 
 Prior studentium ibidem tres materias, in praesentia praesidentium 
 et Capituli, succincte proponebat : Prima erat pie deuotionis 
 afFectus, magnae commoditatis efFectus, sincereque charitatis zelus, 
 per nonnullos prelates patres ordinis et amicos, ad fabricam 
 capelle Oxonie liberalissime exhibitus ; quorum nomina, et 
 quantitates summarum a quolibet persolutarum cum prefatus 
 Prior expresse recitasset, conferentes infinitas gratiarum actiones 
 mentis eorum exigentibus recipere meruerunt. In secunda 
 materia prenominatus Prior seriose presidentibus et Capitulo 
 declarans, quantas pecuniarum summas non solum de pro- 
 priis gratiis circa capellam predictam, verum etiam ex mutuo 
 vicibus iteratis affluentes, quantas vexationes et fatigationes circa 
 materie et operis dispositionem indies sustinuit ; quanta insuper 
 impedimenta a studio liberalis scientie, et processu actuum scho- 
 lasticorum gradui suo incumbentium, tam per quadriennium 
 quasi continue persensit ; humillimis precum instantiis Dominos 
 Praesidentes, et precipue patrem proprium, intentius exorabat, 
 quatinus preallegatis circumstantiis in statera rationis discretius 
 ponderatis ipsum a labore inchoate, et per tempora diutina dis- 
 pendiose prorogate, ob Dei et sancte religionis reuerentiam 
 reputent deinceps penitus excusatum : ut sic de tempore amisso 
 in sui commodi singularis non modicum detrimentum, reuiuiscere 
 queat in future scholastici laboris continuum per sudorem. 
 Cuius petitioni a summe discretionis tramite emananti, Domini 
 presidentes, licet quodammodo inviti, annuentes, ipsum regra- 
 tiatum a tote Capitulo meritorio pro labore absolutum relique- 
 runt ulterius patribus ibidem existentibus indubie promittentes, 
 quod infra permedici temporis curriculum de alio supervisore 
 capellae prenotate, priori licet dissimili, indubie prouiderent. 
 
 In tertia materia idem studentium Prior querimoniam de 
 certis prelatis ex zelo religionis facere satagebat, qui in destinando 
 suorum iVIonasteriorum scholares ad studia generalia reperti 
 secundum tenorem Constitutienum Benedictinarum fuerant de- 
 fectiui ; ipsorum quemlibet nominando. Abbas de Abbotesbury
 
 72 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 unum scholarem per septem annos subtraxit de studio ; Abbas de 
 Tauestoke etiam unum scholarem per unum annum, non per- 
 misit Uniuersitatem frequentare ; Abbas de Burton in transmit- 
 tendo unum scholarem ad studium per unum annum integrum 
 extitit defectiuus. Abbas de Michelney in non mittendo suum 
 [? unum] scholarem per quatuor annos culpabilis est repertus. 
 Abbas de Hida in dampnosum conuicinis Monasteriis exemplum 
 pensionem suo scholar! debitam per duos annos integros soluere 
 recusauit. Abbas de Cestria scholarem in Uniuersitate non 
 habuit quasi per duodecim annos : eo grauius puniendus, quo 
 negligentiam suam continuans tempore tam longeuo. Abbas de 
 Malmesbury unum de suis scholaribus subtraxit per biennium, 
 cuius defectus tanto attentius considerare oportet, quanto frequen- 
 tius culpabilis ante hec tempora extitit prenotatus. Abbas 
 Abbendonie qui duos ad studium scholares transmittere obliga- 
 tur, unum per biennium in Monasterio suo permanere continue 
 compellebat. Abbas Eueshamie, qui clericus et graduatus 
 extitit, duos de suis scholaribus per biennium subtrahere minime 
 verebatur : eo iustius pena in constitutionibus limitata per- 
 cellendus est, quo clerimoniam enutrire, in qua honor religionis 
 constitit, seipsum non disponit. Abbas Westmonasterii per 
 unius anni spatium unum de suis scholaribus non licentiauit 
 studium exercere : unde tanto iustius meruit specialiter annotari, 
 quanto in ecclesia exempta, et regalium insignium repositorio, 
 pastor est efFectus, cuius dignitates ea ratione, quae ad profectum 
 et honorem religionis tendere dinoscuntur, ferventiori debuisset 
 zelo adimplere. 
 
 Acta tertiae diei. 
 
 [p. 178.] In crastino vero singulis congregatis ad horam 
 primitus limitatam, primo multati sunt prelati suos scolares 
 minus tarde, vel minime ad studia transmittentes, per decretum. 
 In Dei nomine Amen. Nos auctoritate, qua fungimur, mulcta- 
 mus patres subscriptos, summa taxata per Constitutiones Bene- 
 dictinas, pro defectibus et negligentiis eorundem de non mittendo 
 scholares ad studia generalia, nee non pro subtrahendo, vel non 
 soluendo pensiones studentium debitas, ut tenentur ; videlicet, 
 Abbatem de Abbotesbury, Abbatem de Tauestoke, Abbatem de
 
 WORCESTER. 
 
 73 
 
 Burton, Abbatem de Michelney, Abbatem de Hyda, Abbatem 
 Cestrie, Abbatem Malmesbury, Abbatem Abbeiidonie, Abbatem 
 Eueshamie, Abbatem Westmonasterii, Abbatem Colcestrie ; 
 Quorum quidem prelati et procuratores rationabiles suae excusa- 
 tionis causas euidenter pretendebant, easdem vero sufficienter 
 promittentes emenddandas in futurum ipsorum negligentias et 
 defectus, gratic presidentium humillime submittebant. Ad quorum 
 continuum clamorem dicti Domini presidentes solita paternali moti 
 pietate singulorum mulctas prelatorum hac vice, de illorum 
 celeri emendatione spem indubiam gratiosius retinentes, integre 
 relaxabant. 
 
 Deinde diffinitores pro proximo Capitulo prouinciali senior 
 Presidens cum assensu sui compresldentis protinus nominauit 
 [Eleven in all, including five abbots, the Prior of Durham, 
 Master Thomas Clare, Thomas Ledbury, the Prior of the Oxford 
 Students, and three others]. 
 
 Acta 3 diei post meridiem. 
 
 Tunc assignati sunt ad sermones pro proximo Capitulo pro- 
 uinciali : primo videlicet pro sermone ad Clericos et literates in 
 Latinis dicendo, Dominus Thomas Ledbury, Prior studentium 
 Oxoniae, Willelmus Ebchestore, Edmundus Kirton, et Joannes 
 Crosse, Sacre Theologie bacallarii ; pro sermone vero In lingua 
 vulgari dicendo, Magister Thomas Clare, et Magister Willelmus 
 Dorsted Theologie Doctores ; Dominus Joannes Selby in pre- 
 dicta facultate Bacallarius, et Dominus Joannes Bardney, Prior 
 studentium Cantibrigie, in decretis graduatus. 
 
 At the same time the Abbot of Evesham was again com- 
 plained of (with those of Tavistock, Burton, Whitby, Chertsey, 
 and Coventry) for not sending a scholar to Oxford for three 
 years. 
 
 [At the next General Chapter, held at Northampton on i July 
 1426, Ledbury, described as Master Thomas Ledbury, S.T.P., 
 appeared on behalf of the University to solicit subscriptions to the 
 new and present Divinity School.] 
 
 [p. 180.] Acta Capitularia in Prouinciali Capitulo NIgrorum
 
 74 
 
 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Monachorum ordinis Sancti Benedict!, infra Capellam Beate 
 Marie Virginis monasterii sancti Andree Apostoli apud North- 
 amptonam Canonice celebrate, per venerabilem patrem Dominum 
 Joannem, permissione diuina, Priorem ecclesie Cathedralis Dun- 
 elmensis, eidem Capitulo ad tunc solummodo presidentem (vene- 
 rabilibus patribus Dominis Willielmo permissione diuina Abbate 
 sancti Edmundi de Bury, et Joanne eadem permissione Priore 
 Ecclesie Cathedralis Wigorniensis compresidentibus, tunc absen- 
 tibus, ex quibusdam causis legitimis, atque iustis) que sub anno 
 Domini millesimo quadringentesimo sexto, mensis Julii die primo, 
 cum continuatione et prorogatione dierum tunc immediate sequen- 
 tium in dicto Capitulo Prouincie Anglicane proinde gesta 
 extiterant, et debite ordinata. 
 
 Acta secunda diei ante meridiem. 
 
 [p. 1 86.] Quorum visitatorum electione succinctius expedita, 
 Dominus Edmundus Kirton, Prior studentium in Oxonia, ex 
 parte venerabilium virorum, Cancellarii Uniuersitatis Oxonie et 
 omnium magistrorum regentium in eadem, exhibuit Domino 
 Presidenti, et Capitulo, quandam litteram, eorum sigillo com- 
 muni sigillatam, pro subsidio optinendo ad constructionem no- 
 uarum scholarum in Uniuersitate predicta, pro theologica facul- 
 tate, in vico scholarum construendarum quam litteram Dominus 
 Presidens ibidem per scribam Capituli in publica audientia legi 
 fecit, et inter acta Capitularia registrari mandauit, eo qui sequitur 
 sub tenore. [The letter is printed in. It contains this historical 
 falsity that the beginning of the University was due to the chief 
 fathers and members of the Benedictine Order, a mistake due to 
 the absurd history which traced the University to Grimbald and 
 Alfred the Great.] 
 
 Die Martis hora tertia post meridiem superius assignation .... 
 confestim Dominus Edmundus Kirton, Prior studentium in 
 Oxonie primitus se erexit tres materias publice proponend ; 
 quarum prima erat [that the Abbot of St. Alban's, John Whet- 
 hampstead, had built a vestry for the new chapel of the College] ; 
 secunda [he asked for a large contribution to finishing the 
 chapel].
 
 WORCESTER. 75 
 
 Sacrist's Account, 1423-4. 
 
 [Printed in full in S. G. Hamilton's " Computus Rolls of Worcester 
 Priory," Wore. Hist. Soc, 1910, p. 63.] 
 
 Stipends of 3 clerks in the church, 4/. ; of a doorkeeper, lo.f. ; 
 of a chaplain at the Red Door, 5/. ; of the chaplain of the charnel 
 house, 4/. 
 
 Presents and gratuities. 
 
 The Sacrist's expenses going to Oxford at the Inception of 
 Master Thomas Ledbury [scholar-monk] as doctor in Theology, 
 and to London to confer with the Bishop, 1/3*. 8rf. ; given to 
 Dr. Ledbury, 2/. 
 
 Wygornia. Computus Fratris Johannis Clyue Sacriste ibidem 
 a crastino Michaelis anno [etc.] Henrici vj secundo usque [etc.] 
 tercio per annum integrum. 
 
 Stipendia. 
 In stipendiis iij ciericorum in ecclesia per annum . 4/, 
 
 Item j hostiarii ..... 10* 
 
 Item j capellani ad rubeum ostium per annum . . looy 
 
 Item j capellani in Carnaria . . . .4/. 
 
 Exennia et Dona. 
 
 In expensis Sacriste euntis usque incepcionem Magistri 
 Thome Ledbury, doctoris Theologie, et usque Londoniam pro 
 coUoquio habendo cum domino Episcopo . 23*. 8^. 
 
 In dono prefato Doctor! .... 40*. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 30 Sept. 1426-7. 
 Delivery of money to Oxford scholars for year . .12/. 
 
 Computus Fratris Willelmi Hodynton celerarii [etc.] 5-6 
 
 Henrici Sexti. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Item scolaribus Oxonie per annum . . .12/. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1427-8. 
 Delivery of money to Oxford scholars . . .12/.
 
 76 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Computus Fratris Wyllelmi celerarii Prioratus ecclesie cathe- 
 dralis [etc.] 6-7 Henrici VI. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Item scolaribus Oxonie per annum . . .12/. 
 
 Cellarer's and Bursar's Account, 1429-30. 
 Delivery to Oxford scholars . . . .12/. 
 
 Computus Fratrum Willelmi Hodynton celerarii et Thome 
 Colwell bursarii ecclesie Beate Marie Wygorniensis [etc.] Henrici 
 Sexti [etc.] octavo usque [etc.] nono. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Item scolaribus Oxonie per annum . . .12/. 
 
 1429, Dec, 20. Appointment of master of Worcester 
 Grammar School on removal of late master, by bishop 
 Thomas Pulton. 
 
 Grant of the Grammar School of Worcester. 
 Thomas bishop of Worcester to his beloved son in Christ 
 Sir John Bredel, of our diocese, chaplain, greeting. Whereas 
 our Grammar School in our city of Worcester is destitute of a 
 governor through the negligence and carelessness, inadvertency 
 and idleness of Sir Richard [blank in MS.], chaplain, or rather 
 through his deep fault and abominable and vicious governance 
 which had notoriously rendered him and still render him utterly 
 unfit for further keeping that school ; we, having regard to 
 the knowledge of letters, uprightness of behaviour and manner of 
 your life with which, as we have heard from many, you are well 
 known to excel in many ways, confer on you the keeping of the 
 said school, and constitute and ordain you master and governor 
 of the same as well by our own authority as in the place, name, 
 and right of our beloved son Master John Ixworth, archdeacon 
 of Worcester, if he has any competence in this matter, and with 
 the fees, profits and advantages thereto annexed prefer you by 
 these presents to last only at our pleasure. In witness whereof 
 we have placed our seal to these presents. Dated In our Inn at 
 London 20 Dec. 1429 and the fourth year of our translation.
 
 WORCESTER. 77 
 
 [Reg. Pulton, f. 73 b.] 
 Concessio scolarum gramaticalium Wigornie. 
 
 Thomas permissione diuina Wigorniensis Episcopus dilecto 
 nobis in Christo filio domino Johanni Bredel, nostre diocesis, 
 capellano, salutem graciam et benediccionem. 
 
 Scolis nostris gramaticalibus in civitate nostra Wigorniensi per 
 negligenciam et incuriam, inaduertenciam et desidiam domiiii 
 Ricardi [blank in MS.], Capellani, prius earundem scolarum 
 magistri, quinpocius per sui latissimam culpam gubernacionemque 
 pessimam et viciosam, que ipsum notorie reddiderant, sicuti 
 reddunt, illarum scolarum ulteriori excercicio penitus indignum, 
 pronunc gubernatoris solacio destitutis Nos litterarum 
 scienciam morum honestatem et tue conversacionem vite quibus 
 ut multorum relacione recepimus pollere dinosceris multipliciter 
 attendentes, regimen dictarum scolarum tibi conferimus, teque 
 earundem magistrum et gubernatorem tam nostra auctoritate 
 quam vice nomine et jure dilectl filii magistri Johannis Ikeseborth, 
 Archidiaconi Wigorniensis, si quid ei competat in hac parte, 
 nobis specialiter commissis, constituimus, ordinauimus et cum 
 feodis proficuis et comoditatibus annexis preficimus per presentes, 
 ad nostrum beneplacitum tantummodo duraturas. 
 
 In cuius rei testimonium sigillum nostrum presentibus 
 apposuimus. Datis in hospicio nostro London xx die Decembris 
 anno domini millesimo ccccxxix° et nostre translacionis quarto. 
 
 1432-5. First notice of boys of the Almonry and 
 Chapel. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 26 August to 29 Sept. 1432. 
 
 [Nothing to scholar-monks.] A singer for his livery 
 
 beer for 5 weeks ..... i.v. 8d. 
 
 Visus Fratris Thome Colwell celerarii a festo Sancti Bartho- 
 
 lomei Apostoli anno [etc.] x° usque festum Sancti Michaelis 
 
 Archangeli [etc.] xj". 
 
 Solutum Waltero Hunte cantatori pro servisia liberature 
 
 sue per v ebdomadas , . . . 20f/.
 
 78 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Almoner's Account, 1432-3. 
 
 Petty expenses include bread bought for the boys, carpenters, 
 tilers, dawbers, plasterers and other workmen working on the 
 building and repairs of divers tenements of the Almoner's office, 
 20^. ; beer bought for the same and at haymaking and harvest 
 time, 36,?. ; oil bought for the lamp at St. John's altar, i*. 4c?., 
 and for 4 stone of tallow candles used in the Almonry at i*. yl. a 
 stone, 5.V. ; cups and bowls bought for the boys, 5.?. ; food 
 bought at different times for the workmen aforesaid and the poor 
 and boys in the Almonry through default of the kitchen, 4,$. ; 
 new rims and bands round wooden vessels in the Almonry, i^. ; 
 doles to the poor and clothing four poor in the Almonry, 
 5/. OS. 2d. 
 
 Compotus [etc.] lohannis [Hertjylbury Elemosinarii [etc.] 
 1 1-12 Henrici VP. 
 
 Minute. 
 
 Et in pane empto per idem tempus pro expensis puerorum 
 carpentariorum tegulariorum dawbatorum plaustra- 
 torum et aliorum operariorum circa facturam et repara- 
 cionem diuersorum tenementorum officii Elemosarii [sic] 20s. od. 
 
 Et in ceruisia empta per idem tempus tarn pro predictis 
 pueris et operariis quam tempore fenacionis et au- 
 tumpni ..... 36.?. od. 
 
 Et in oleo empto per idem tempus pro lampade ad altare 
 
 Sancti lohannis ..... lod. 
 
 Et in iiij petris candele de cepo emptis et expenditis in 
 
 dicta Elemosinaria per tempus predictum, petra ad i^d. ^s. od. 
 
 Et in ciphis et bollis emptis per idem tempus pro pueris 
 
 in Elemosinaria . . . . . Sd. 
 
 Et in victualibus emptis per diuersa tempora pro operariis 
 supradictis et pauperibus et pueris in Elemosinaria ob 
 defectum coquine .... 40^. od. 
 
 Et in noua circulacione empta per idem tempus pro 
 
 diuersis vasis ligneis in Elemosinaria . . . 12a?. 
 
 Distributis pauperibus cum vestura iiij pauperum in 
 
 Elemosinaria ..... io2.v. od.
 
 WORCESTER. 79 
 
 Chapel Warden's Account, 1434-5. 
 Breakfasts to brethren [monks] singing in the chapel after 
 Christmas and Easter, 2.v. ; expenses of brethren on day of 
 Presentation of Virgin, i id. ; expenses of Sir Thomas Whyngle 
 Sir Thomas Bryden and Richard the Singer of Malmesbury 
 singing in the chapel at different times, 2s. 
 
 Compotus [etc.] Willelmi Ludlow custodis [etc.] 13-14 
 
 Henry VI. 
 
 In jentaculis factis cum fratribus cantantibus in capella 
 
 post Natale et post festum Pasche . . . 2.9. 
 
 In expensis confratrum in festo oblacionis Beate Marie . lid. 
 
 In expensis factis circa Dominum Thomam Whyngle et 
 Dominum Thomam Bryden et Ricardum Synger de 
 Malmesbury cantancium in capella hoc anno ad diuersas 
 vices ....... 24c/. 
 
 1434-7. Scholar-monks at Oxford. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1434-5. 
 Paid to Oxford scholars . . . .ill. 
 
 Computus Fratris Thome CoUewell celerarii [etc.] 13-14 
 Henry VI. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Et liberatum scolaribus Oxonie per annum . .ill. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1435-6. 
 Expenses in taking a scholar-monk with his bedding and 
 books to, and bringing another from Oxford, including lOi'. for 
 hire of a carriage. 
 
 Compotus [etc.] Celerarii 14-15 Henrici VI. 
 Expense forinsece. 
 Item in expensis factis ad ducendum Johannem Brotton 
 cum lectisterniis suis et libris ad Oxoniam et ad 
 reducendum Hugonem Leyntwardeyne cum lecti- 
 sterniis suis et libris de Oxonia ad Wigorniam, unde 
 pro carriagio conducto 10s. , . . 23*. 6d.
 
 8o EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Et liberatum scolaribus Oxon hoc anno . . . 12I. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1436-7. 
 Paid to Oxford scholars as from the Blackwell rent . 12/. 
 
 Computus Fratris Willelmi Hodyndon [etc.] 1 5-1 6 Henry VI, 
 Item scolaribus Oxonie ut de redditu de Blacwell . 1 2/. 
 
 1436-7. The boys in the Almonry. 
 
 Almoner's Account, 1436-7. 
 Petty expenses include beer bought for the clerks in the 
 
 Almonry and workmen, with harvest expenses. . 6s. id. 
 
 Compotus [etc.] Robert Multon, Elemosinarii [etc.], 15-16 
 Henry VI. 
 
 Minute. 
 In seruicia empta pro expensis clericorum in Elemosinaria 
 carpentariorum, tegulatorum, plaustratorum, sarratorum 
 et aliorum diuersorum operariorum una cum expensis 
 autumpni . . . . . . 6s. Sd. 
 
 Almoner's Account, c. 1437-8 [C. 493, imperfect at the beginning]. 
 
 Petty expenses. For bread bought for the boys of the 
 Almonry, carpenters, tilers, daubers, plasterers and others, work- 
 ing on the building and repair of divers tenements of the 
 Almoner's office, lo.s. ; Beer bought for the same and at hay- 
 making and harvest, 13?. 4.d. ; cups and bowls for the Almonry 
 boys, Sd. ; Food for the workmen, poor, and boys in the Almonry 
 in default of the kitchen, 26*. Sd. 
 
 Minute. 
 Et in pane empto per idem tempus tam pro expensis 
 puerorum dicte Elemosinarie, carpentariorum, tegula- 
 torum, daubatorum, plastratorum, quam aliorum ope- 
 rancium circa facturam et reparacionem diuersorum 
 tenemcntorum officii elemosinarii . . .10s.
 
 WORCESTER. 8l 
 
 Et in seruicia empta per idem tempus tani pro predictis 
 pueris et operariis quam tempore fenacionis et autumpni 
 
 Et in ciphis et boUis emptis pro pueris in Elemosinaria per 
 
 idem tempus . . . . . . 8d. 
 
 Et in victualibus emptis per dictum tempus pro operariis 
 pauperibus et pueris in Elemosinaria ob defectum 
 coquine ..... 26.y. 8(/. 
 
 1446-1466, Two Scholar-monks at Oxford as usual. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1446-7. 
 Delivered to Oxford scholars by rent collector of Black- 
 well . . . . . . . 12I. 
 
 Computus fratris Johannis Sudbury [etc.] 25-26 Henry VI. 
 Et liberatum scolaribus Oxonie per manus collectoris 
 
 redditus de Blacwell . . . . .12/. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1448-9. 
 12/. delivered to Oxford scholars by collector of Blackwell 
 rents. 
 
 Computus Fratris Ysaac Ledbury, Celerarii [etc.] 27-28 
 Henrici Sexti. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Et liberatum scolaribus Oxonie per manus collectoris 
 
 redditus de Blackewell . . . .ill. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1449-50. 
 Expenses of the accountant and his men, and of the long cart 
 carrying books and clothes to Oxford, 16?. 6d. ; Payment to one 
 Oxford scholar for Michaelmas term, 3/. ; Creditors include the 
 Cellarer himself for 15/. 
 
 Compotus fratris Magistri Ysaac Ledbury [etc.] 28-29 
 Henrici Sexti. 
 
 Expense forinsece. 
 Item in expensis dicti computantis et suorum una cum 
 expensis longe carecte cariantis libros ac vestes versus 
 Oxoniam . . . . . 16s. 6d. 
 
 M
 
 82 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Et liberatum scolari Oxonie ad terminum Michaelis . 60?. 
 
 Creditores. 
 [105 include] Maglstro Ysaac Ledbury . . .15/. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1452-3. 
 For 34 weeks, Oxford scholars, ill. 
 
 Computus Fratris Willelmi Hodynton [etc.] a festo Sancte 
 [Katerine] Virginis et Martiris anno [etc.] Henrici Sexti xxxj° 
 usque [etc] xxxij''° per xxxij ebdomadas. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Item liberatum scolaribus Oxonie per annum . .ill. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1453-4. 
 
 The Oxford scholars paid by the collector of rents at 
 
 Blackwell . . . . . .ill. 
 
 Compotus [etc.] Willelmi Hodynton [etc.] 32-33 Henrici 
 Sexti. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Item liberatum scolaribus Oxonie per manus collectoris 
 redditus de Blacwell . . . . .ill. 
 
 Creditores. 
 Magister Ysaac Ledbury . . . .13/. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1457-8. 
 
 Delivery of money to one Oxford Scholar . . 305. 
 
 To Mr. Isaac Ledbury, Almoner [Oxford scholar], for 
 
 St. Wolstan's penny . . . . .6s. 
 
 Compotus [etc.] Johannis Smethewyk [etc.] 36-37 Henrici 
 Sexti. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Item j scolari Oxonie hoc anno .... 30.y. 
 Item magistro Ysaac Ledbury Elemosinario pro obolo 
 
 Sancti Wolstani , , , . .6s.
 
 WORCESTER. 83 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1464-5. 
 Oxford scholars . . . . .12/. 
 
 Computus Fratris Johannis Smethwyk, Cellerarii [etc.] 
 Edward! quarti quarto usque [etc] quinto. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Item liberatum scolaribus Oxonie . . .12/. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1465-6. 
 Blackwell collector credited with 12/. delivered to Oxford 
 scholars. 
 
 Computus [etc.] quinto usque [etc.] sexto Blakewell. 
 
 De collectore redditus ibidem ut in titulo liberacionis dena- 
 riorum dicti collectoris per manus scolarium . .12/. 
 Liberacio Denariorum. 
 Item liberatum scolaribus Oxonie . . .12/. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1466-7. 
 Payment of ill. to Oxford scholars. 
 
 Computus Fratris Roberti Multon [etc.] Edwardi iiij*^ Sexto 
 [etc.] septimo [etc.]. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Liberatum scolaribus Oxonie per annum . . 12/. 
 
 1468-9. A Worcester Scholar-monk transferred to 
 Eynsham Abbey to enable him to continue at the 
 University. 
 
 Licence by Prior to William Walwyn, a monk, to 
 attend the University of Oxford or Cambridge revoked 
 7 Feb. 1468-9. 
 
 [Prior's Register, Worcester Cath. Mun., A. 6 (i), f. Iv.] 
 
 Recital of special licence to William Walewan, Bachelor in 
 Theology, co-brother and fellow-monk, for increase of knowledge 
 to be a scholar and study theology and live in either University, 
 and also to receive for food and other necessaries as the other co- 
 brethren receive at home in money and other assistance at due 
 times of the year. Dated at the Prior's Manor of Grimley,
 
 §4 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 8 Oct. 1468. The Prior now, with the counsel and express 
 consent of all the monks of his council, for certain lawful causes 
 revoked the licence and inhibits Walewan in virtue of his 
 obedience from making use of it. Dated at the manor of Batten- 
 hall, 7 Feb. 1468-9. 
 
 This document is followed in the Register by a letter of 
 22 Feb. 1468-9, from the Abbot of Eynsham, near Oxford, 
 asking for Wale wane's dismissal from Worcester, a letter of 
 25 Feb. by the Prior of Worcester to Walewane allowing him 
 to leave Worcester, and a document of 4 March recording his 
 migration to Eynsham. 
 
 Licencia data Willelmo Walewen ad scolatizandum Oxonie vel 
 
 Cantibrigie. 
 
 Thomas permissione diuina Prior ecclesie cathedralis Beate 
 Marie Wygorniensis Dilecto nobis in Christo Willelmo Walewen 
 confratri et commonacho nostro Salutem in auctore salutis. 
 
 Liceat nos alias ad scolatizandum studiumque sacre theologie 
 exercendum et in altera Universitate Oxonie vel Cantybrigie 
 commorandi licenciam dederimus et concesserimus prout in litteris 
 tibi inde confectis plenius continetur, Quarum tenor sequitur in 
 hec verba. 
 
 Thomas [etc., as above]. Willelmo Walewen sacre theologie 
 Bachilario [etc., as above]. 
 
 Ad sciencie incrementum ad scolatizandum studiumque 
 exercendum sacre Theologie et commorandum in altera Univer- 
 sitate ac insuper recipiendi ac percipendi pro tuis victualibus et 
 aliis necessariis, prout alii confratres tui domi percipiunt, tam in 
 pecuniis quam in ceteris obuencionibus anni temporibus debitis 
 fideliter tibi ex causis legitimis nos adhuc mouentibus tibi 
 licenciam concedimus specialem ac nostrum assensum, ad nostrum 
 beneplacitum tantummodo duraturum Data sub sigillo nostro in 
 manerio nostro de Grymeley viij"" die mensis Octobris a.d. 1468. 
 
 Nos tamen Thomas Prior antedictus de concilio et assensu 
 expresso omnium confratrum et commonachorum qui sunt de 
 concilio nostro, ex certis causis legitimis nos et ipsos in hac parte 
 mouentibus, prefatas litteras nostras ac omnimodas licenciam ac
 
 WORCESTER. 85 
 
 libertatem seu potestatem tibi in eisdem concessam tempore pre- 
 dicto expresse revocamus et annullamus, et revocacionem et annul- 
 lacionem earundem tibi per presentes intimamus Inhibentes tibi In 
 virtute obediencie ne prefatas litteras seu aliquam licenciam liber- 
 tatem seu potestatem tibi in eisdem vel qualitercunque aliter 
 concessas de cetero uti presumas quoquomodo. 
 
 In cuius rei testimonium sigillum nostrum presentibus 
 apposuimus. Datis in manerio nostro de Batynhale vij mensis 
 Februarii anno supradicto [1468]. 
 
 Littera abbatis de Eynesham pro dimissione Willelmi Walwen 
 habenda 22 Feb. 1468 ; dimissio Willelmi Walewyn 25 Feb. 
 1468 ; migracio Willelmi Walwyn 4 March 1468. 
 
 1475-6. Lady Chapel clerks and boys. 
 
 Chapel Master's Account, 1475-6. 
 Petty expenses. 12^ yards cloth for the clerks, 355. 3^. ; 
 Richard Grene, organist, stipend, 405. ; Richard Carpenter, 20s. 
 Expenses in default of the kitchen : Food at various times for 
 the boys, i6.v. ^.d. Expenses of the brethren and clerks of the 
 chapel in Easter Week and at the Presentation of the Virgin in the 
 Temple, 8.?. jd. ; expended on divers outside singers, is. Sd. 
 Out Payments : Hose, shoes and other necessaries for the boys 
 of the chapel, 2 2^. Sd. ; paid for a hymn called " Honour, virtue," 
 sung in the Duke of Clarence's chapel to receive the bishop at 
 his installation, 2s. 
 
 Computus [etc.] Willelmi Dene magistri capelle [etc.] 15-16 
 Edwardi IV. 
 
 Et in xij virgatis et dimidia panni empti pro vestura 
 
 clericorum . . . . . 3S^- 3'^- 
 
 Stipendia. 
 
 Et in stipendio Ricardi Grene, Organiste . 40J. oaf. 
 
 Et in stipendio Ricardi Carpenter . . 20*. od. 
 
 Expense ob defectum Coquine. 
 
 Et in victualibus emptis ad diuersas vices hoc anno 
 
 defectu coquine pro pueris dicti computantis . 16s. ^d.
 
 86 EARLY EDUCATION. / 
 
 In expensis dicti computantis et fratrum suorum ac 
 clericorum capelJe in ebdomada Pasche et in festo 
 oblacionis Beate Marie in templo, hoc anno . . 8^. fd. 
 
 Et in expensis diuersorum cantatorum extraneorum hoc 
 
 anno . . . . . .1*. %d. 
 
 Expense forinsece. 
 
 Et in caligis sotularibus et aUis necessariis emptis pro 
 
 pueris capelle hoc anno . . . 22s. 8c/. 
 
 Et solutis pro uno cantico vocato " honor virtus " habito in 
 capella domini ducis Clarencie ad recipiendum epis- 
 copum erga installacionem suam . . . 2s. od. 
 
 1479-82. Scholar-monks at Oxford. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1479-80. 
 12/. received from the collector of rents at Blackwell by the 
 scholars at Oxford. Money delivered to the scholars due at 
 Mich. 1479, 12/., and paid for 1479-80, 12/. 
 
 Officium Celerarii. 
 Computus Fratris Rogeris Kinglond [etc.] Edwardi quarti 
 xixo usque [etc.] xx° unacum redditibus firmis et pencionibus 
 aretro existentibus in manibus tenencium de tempore Fratris 
 NichoJai Henibury ultimi celerarii defuncti ad festum Sancti 
 Michaelis in principio huius compoti. 
 
 Blackwell. 
 Et de xij libris receptis de onere coUectoris reddituum 
 ibidem per manus scolarium Oxonie. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Et in denariis liberatis scolaribus Oxonie ad festum Sancti 
 
 Michaelis in principio huius computi . . .12/. 
 
 Et liberatum eisdem scolaribus hoc anno . .12/. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1480-1. 
 111. delivered to Oxford scholars by the collector of rents for 
 Shipston. 
 
 Computus [etc.] 20-21 Edwardi IV.
 
 WORCESTER. 87 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Et in denariis liberatis scolaribus Oxonie per manus 
 
 collectoris reddituuni de Shippstone . . .12/. 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 148 1-2. 
 Out payment. 12/. to Oxford scholars by bailiff of Black- 
 well out of Shipstone rents. 
 
 Computus [etc.] 21-22 Edwardi IV. 
 
 Liberacio forinsece. 
 Et in denariis liberatis scolaribus Oxonie per manus 
 Balliui de Blakewell de onere Collectoris redditus de 
 Shyppston ut patet in dicto compute particular! . 12/. 
 
 1480-1487- Chapel Organist and boys and Almonry 
 
 Scholars. 
 
 Chapel Master's Account, 1480-81. 
 
 Petty expenses. 6 yards of woollen cloth for organist and 
 another clerk at 2s. ?id. a yard, i6s. ; 8 yards for 4 boys of the 
 chapel at 25. 6d. a yard, 20s. ; lining gowns, 2s. ; making them, 
 2s. ; Organist's stipend, 2/. ; Food bought to feed the boys in 
 default of the kitchen, 30^. ; hose, shoes, shirts, tunics, hoods and 
 other necessaries for the accountant's boys, i6s. 
 
 Compotus [etc.] Willelmi Dene magistri capelle [etc.] 20-1 
 Edwardi IV. 
 
 Minute [etc.]. 
 Et in vj virgatis panni lanei empti pro vestura Ricardi 
 
 Grene et Radulphi Wyseham, datis pro virgata 2s. 8d. 16s. od. 
 Et in viij virgatis panni ianei empti pro vestura iiij puer- 
 
 orum capelle, datis pro virgata ij^. v]d. . 20s. od. 
 
 Et solutis pro lyning togarum certorum puerorum . 2s. od. 
 
 Et factura earum . . . . . 2s. od. 
 
 Et in stipendio Ricardi Grene organiste . . 2/. os. od. 
 
 Et in victualibus emptis ad diuersas vices ob defectum 
 
 coquine pro pueris inde pascendis . . 30^-. od.
 
 88 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Et in caligis sotularibus camisiis tunicis caleptris et aliis 
 
 necessariis emptis pro pueris dicti computantis hoc 
 anno . . . . . i6i'. od. 
 
 Almoner's Account, 1482-3. 
 
 Petty expense. Oatmeal bought for the porridge of the 
 
 clerks in the Almonry .... 2.?. 8f/. 
 
 Computus [etc.] Roberti Multon Elemosinarii [etc.] [22 
 Edw. IV.— I Ric. III.]. 
 
 Minute. 
 Et in farina auene empte pro potagio clericorum in 
 
 Elemosinaria . . . . . 2s. %d. 
 
 Chapel Master's Account, 1483-4. 
 
 Petty expenses. Clothing of Organist, 95. ; of 5 boys of the 
 chapel, 2i.f. 4^/. ; of the Chapel master's servant, 5^'. 4^.; 
 Organist's stipend, 3 terms, i/. los. ; John Hampton for one 
 term and 5.V. for rent of his house, i/. i8i\ ^d. Expenses 
 through kitchen default. Food for boys and others, 46^. 8^. 
 For tunics, shirts, shoes and other necessaries for the boys, 
 12.?. 3^. 
 
 Computus [etc.] Willelmi Dene magistri capelle 1-2 Rich. III. 
 
 Minute [etc.] 
 Pro vestura Ricardi Grene . . . . 9^. od. 
 
 Et in vestura quinque puerorum capelle . . 21^-. ^d. 
 
 Et in vestura Hugonis seruientis dicti computantis . 5^. ^d. 
 
 Et in stipendio Ricardi Grene organiste per iij terminos 305. od. 
 Et in stipendio Johannis Hampton pro unico termino 
 
 cum v.v. in redditu domus sue per idem tempus 38.9. ^d. 
 
 Expense ob defectum coquine. 
 In victualibus emptis ob defectum coquine pro pueris et 
 
 aliis superuenientibus . . . 46.V. id. 
 
 Et solutis pro tunicis, camisiis, sotularibus, caleptris et 
 
 aliis necessariis emptis pro pueris , . 12^. 3^.
 
 WORCESTER. 89 
 
 Cellarer's Account, 1484-5. 
 Blackwell collector pays 12/. for Oxford scholars. Among 
 Gifts, rewards and doing business, is iiv. 8f/. to Worcester for 
 riding to Oxford. 
 
 Computus Rogeri Kyngeslond gerentis officium celerarii anno 
 Ricardi tercii ij° usque [etc.] Henrici Septimi primo. 
 
 Blakewell. 
 Et de xij libris receptis de onere Philippi Rawlyns collectoris 
 redditus ibidem hoc anno pro scolaribus Oxonie. 
 
 Dona regarda cum negociis exequendis. 
 Et solutum Worcestre equitanti versus Oxoniam . 11. v. 8d. 
 
 Almoner's Account, 1486-7. 
 Petty expenses and necessaries. Paid for cheese for the 
 scholars in default of food [from the kitchen], 3c?. ; for half 
 an ox for the scholars at Advent, 2?. ; cheese for the 
 scholars, 5^/. ; food for a breakfast for the scholars, -j^d. ; 
 food for them another time, ^d. ; spent on the scholars on 
 St. Wulstan's Day, ^.d. ; food, 2d. ; spent on the Almonry 
 scholars, 6d. ; 2 bushels of pease for the scholars jd. ; a bed for 
 the boys, iid. ; the inn's expenses on the scholars and others, 
 2^. ; scholars' expenses another time, 2d. 
 Compotus [etc.] Rob. Multon Elemosinarii [etc.] 2-3 H. VII. 
 Minuti custus cum necessariis. 
 Et computat in solutis pro casio pro scolaribus defectu 
 
 victualium ...... 3^/. 
 
 Et solutis pro dimidio boue pro scolaribus in Adventu 
 
 Et solutis pro casio pro scolaribus 
 
 Et in victualibus emptis pro scolaribus pro iantaculo 
 
 Et in victualibus emptis alia vice pro scolaribus . 
 
 Et in expensis dictorum scolarium in festo Sancti Wolstani 
 
 Et solutis pro victualibus pro scolaribus 
 
 Et in expensis scolarium Elimosinarie 
 
 Et in solutis pro ij bussellis pisarum pro scolaribus 
 
 Et in solutis pro j lecto puerorum 
 
 Et in expensis hospicii super scolares et alios 
 
 Et in expensis dictorum scolarium alia vice 
 
 2.y. od. 
 Sd. 
 
 l\d. 
 ^d. 
 4f/. 
 2d. 
 
 6d. 
 
 ']d. 
 
 i2d. 
 
 3?. od. 
 
 2d.
 
 9© EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 1487. The Schoolmaster of Worcester contributes to 
 subsidy for Archbishop. 
 
 [Reg. Morton, f. 13.] 
 Dominus Johannes Pynnyngton, Magister Scole ibidem 
 
 [Wigornie] . . . . . .6*'. %d. 
 
 Magister Petrus Webbe, Sancte theologie professor, 
 
 magister carnarie . . . . 13^. 4^/. 
 
 Magister Ricardus Ozull, capellanus cantarie Sancte 
 
 Trinitatis Wigornie .... 12,8. ^d. 
 
 Dominus Johannes Hawkins, capellanus de Honley . 6.?. 8d. 
 
 1489-1501. Chapel and Almonry boys and their song 
 and grammar Masters. 
 
 Chapel Master's Account, 1489-90. 
 Stipends. John Hampton, Organist and Teacher of the 
 Lady chapel boys, 8/. Purchase of cloth for the boys, 2/. 
 Expenses on eatables and drinkable for the chapel boys, i/. 6s. %d. 
 For their necessaries, shoes, hoods, shirts, sheets, and making 
 them, i/. 
 
 Computus [etc.] Johannis Glowcestre Maglstri Capelle [etc.] 
 5-6 Hen. VII. 
 
 Stipendia. 
 Et computat in stipendio lohannis Hampton, organiste ac 
 
 instructoris puerorum capelle Beate Marie . . 8/. 
 
 Empcio panni. 
 Et computat solutis pro panno laneo empto pro vestura 
 
 puerorum capelle . . . . .2/. 
 
 Expense. 
 Et solutis pro esculentis et poculentis expensis super pueros 
 
 capelle per tempus computl . . . 26.?. 'id. 
 
 Et solutis pro necessariis dictorum puerorum viz. calciatu, 
 caleptris, camisiis et lectisterniis, et factura togarum et 
 aliorum necessariorum hoc anno . . . 20i'. 
 
 Almoner's Account, 1489-90. 
 Petty expenses. A bullock bought and used in the
 
 WORCESTER. 9I 
 
 Almonry for the boys and other strangers, Sx. ; beef bought of 
 Horsman, butcher, and used in the Almonry, i.s. Sd. ; the like 
 from another butcher, 3.V. ; Salt for the office, is. 2d. ; 2 pigs 
 bought in the market, 4^. 4^. ; a cask ot red herrings bought in 
 Lent and carriage, 6.v. 8r/. ; cheese bought at Bridgenorth Fair 
 and carriage, 6d. ; milk from Richard Proctor's wife for the 
 Almonry boys, 6s. 6d. ; candles for the office, 2^. 6d. ; bands 
 for vessels, 2.v. ; Fish called graylings [? pikes called "gray"] 
 bought for the boys in Lent, is. 6d. 
 
 Almoner's Account, 1489-90. 
 Computus Fratris Johannis Newton gerentis officium Elemo- 
 sinarii [etc.], 5-6 Henrici VII. 
 
 Minute. 
 Et computat Roberto Proctour pro uno Bouetto ab ipso 
 
 empto et expendito in Elemozinaria super pueros et 
 
 alios extraneos superuenientes per tempus computi . 8^. 
 
 Et in carnibus bouinis ut in j quarterio empto de quodam 
 
 Horsman carnifice et expendito in Elemozinaria . is. Sd. 
 
 Et in consimili empto de Rogero Avalle carnifice alia vice 3.9. 
 Et in sale empto per Ricardum Moye ad usum officii . is. 2d. 
 Et in ij porcis emptis in foro per dictum Ricardum . 4?. ^d. 
 
 Et in j cado rubri allecis empto tempore Quadragesime de 
 
 Johanne Page cum cariagio . . . .6s. 8d. 
 
 Et in casio empto ad nundinas vocatas Brygnorth feyre 
 
 per Willelmum Flesshebrok . . . .8*. 
 
 Et pro cariagio eiusdem .... 6d. 
 
 Et solutis uxori Rogeri Proctour pro lacte ab ipsa empto 
 
 pro pueris Elemosinarie . . . .6*. id. 
 
 Et in candelis emptis ad usum officii . . .2^. 6d. 
 
 Et solutis Thome Hoper pro circulacione vasorum hoc 
 
 anno ...... 2s. 
 
 Et in picis vocatis gray emptis pro pueris tempore xl™® . i*. 6d. 
 
 Almoner's Account, 1498-9. 
 Expenses on necessaries. An ox for the Almonry boys, 
 135. ^d. ; 6 pigs at 2s. id., i6s. ; salt and oatmeal, 3^. 4^. ;
 
 92 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 candles, is. ^.d. ; fuel for the office, 24.?. ; cheese, butter, food, 
 and other necessaries for the boys and prisoners [in the Bishop's 
 prison], 5/. 10^. ^d. ; parchment, 2.y. ; 8 ells of linen cloth at ^d. 
 for table cloths and napkins, 2?. 8f/. ; hemming, 2d. ; 17 lb. wax 
 at yd., ^s. ii^d., and working same, 8(/. ; wick yarn, 2c/. ; 3 
 quarters pulse, 12.9. ; breakfast after S. John's mass, 2s. ; bowls, 
 cups, and godards, 6d. ; laundress' wages, is. ^d. ; breakfasts 
 on principal feasts, 10*. ^d. ; board of Hugh Crakford, school- 
 master, i/. Payments for obits. Paid for the communion of 
 the Almonry boys on Easter Eve, 2s. 6d. 
 
 Computus [etc.] John Stratford Elemosinarii [etc.], 14-15 H, VII. 
 
 Custus necessarii. 
 Et solutis pro uno boue pro expensis puerorum Elemo- 
 
 sinarie ..... 1 3.?. ^d. 
 
 Et solutis pro vj porcis causa predicta, precii capitis 2.y. Sd. i6s. 
 Et solutis pro sale et farina auene . . . 3^. ^.d. 
 
 Et solutis pro candelis . . . . .is. 4.d. 
 
 Et solutis pro focale ad usum officii . . . 24.?. 
 
 Et solutis pro caseo butiro esculentis et aliis necessariis 
 
 pro dictis pueris et prisonariis . . .5/. lov. ^d. 
 
 Et solutis a pro peluibus . . . .2^. 
 
 Et solutis pro viij ulnis panni linei, datis pro ulna 4^/., pro 
 
 mappis et manutergiis inde fiendis . . . 2s. Sd. 
 
 Et pro suicione ...... 2d. 
 
 Item solutis pro xvij libris cere datis pro libra vijc/. 9.9. ii^d. 
 
 Et solutis pro operacione eiusdem cere . . . 8d. 
 
 Item solutis pro wykeyarne .... 2d. 
 
 Item solutis pro iij quarteriis puke . . .12*. 
 
 Et in uno jantaculo dato pro celebracione misse Sancti 
 
 Johannis . . . . . .2*. 
 
 Item solutis pro boilis ciphis et godards . . . 6d. 
 
 Item solutis pro stipendio lotricis . . .is. i\.d. 
 
 Et in j jantaculo dato ad festa principalia . 10*. ^.d. 
 
 Item solutis pro mensa Hugonis Crakford [sic] magistri 
 
 scolarum, hoc anno ..... 20*.
 
 WORCESTER. 93 
 
 Soluciones obituum cum prior. 
 Item solutis pro communicacione puerorum Elemosinarie 
 
 in vigilia Pasche . . . . .2.?. 6d. 
 
 Chapel JMaster's Account, 1 500-1. 
 Expenses. 16 yards of cloth for the boys at is. %d. a yard, 
 2/. 28. %d. ; Shoes for the boys, y. ^d. 
 
 Computus [etc.], Johannis Hardewyk Magistri capelle [etc.], 
 16-17 Hen. VII. 
 Et in xvi virgis panni pro veste puerorum, datis pro virga, 
 
 2s. %d. . . . . . 42i-. 8</. 
 
 Pro calciamento puerorum .... 3,?. ^d. 
 
 1501, 16 Oct. First and only appointment of a School- 
 master for the young monks and Almonry boys. 
 [Prior's Register, A. vi. (a), f. 17.] 
 
 The Prior Thomas Mildenhail and Convent to all the 
 Faithful in Christ. Know ye we have given, granted, and by 
 this writing confirmed to Hugh Cratford, a learned man, for his 
 good service done and to be done, the office or service of 
 Instructor of the brethren, called in the vulgar tongue the 
 Schoolmaster, for life at a stipend of 4/. a year, payable quarterly, 
 viz., from the Cellarer, 1 3,9. 4^., a gown of gentlemen's suit, and 
 food and drink in his house ; from the Almoner, 2/. 1 3.?. 4r/. and a 
 proper chamber ; rrom the Kitchener, 1 3.V. 4c/. He is to teach 
 and instruct, or cause to be taught and instructed, the brethren, 
 and the scholars in the Almonry, indulgently, well, and faithfully. 
 He is not to be absent without the previous consent of the Prior 
 or Sub-prior. If prevented by age or grievous infirmity he is to 
 find a sufficient substitute of good conduct and disposition. He 
 is to behave himself well to the Prior and his successors in word 
 and deed on pain of deprivation. 
 
 Carta Hugonis Cratford pro le Scholemaster. 
 Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos presens scriptum peruenerit 
 Thomas Mildenhail permissione diuina Prior ecclesie cathedral is
 
 94 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Beate Marie Wygorniensis et eiusdem loci conuentus Salutem in 
 Domino sempiternam. 
 
 Sciatis nos Priorem et Conuentum unanimi assensu et 
 consensu nostris dedisse concessisse et hoc presenti scripto con- 
 firmasse Dilecto nobis in Christo Hugoni Cratefforde, litterato, 
 pro bono et fideli seruicio nobis ac monasterio nostro ante hoc 
 impenso et, ut speramus, imposterum impendendo, officium sive 
 seruicium in monasterio nostro predicto Instructoris fratrum 
 nostrorum, vulgariter vocati le Scholemaster, ad terminum vite 
 ipsius Hugonis Habendum et percipiendum singulis annis durante 
 vita naturali dicti Hugonis, nomine stipendii sui, quatuor libras 
 bone et legalis monete Anglie soluendas per manus officiariorum 
 nostrorum ad iiij^'anni terminos usuales, viz., per manus Celerarii 
 pro tempore existentis 13?. ^cL, unam togam de secta generosorum, 
 ac esculenta et poculenta in domo dicti Cellerarii ; per manus 
 Elemosinarii pro tempore existentis iiij" marcas. Eciam pre- 
 dictus Elemosinarius prouidebit eidem Hugoni cameram sibi 
 congruam. Preterea dictus Hugo habebit et percipiet de Coqui- 
 nario qui pro tempore fuerit, 1 3.s'. ^d. 
 
 Et dictus Hugo Crateford fratres nostros ac scholasticos domus 
 nostre Elemosinarie grammatlce vel arte dialetice indulgenter 
 bene et fideliter instruet et informabit seu instrui aut informari 
 faciet. 
 
 Preterea non licebit prefato Hugoni seipsum a seruicio suo 
 alienare sine speciali licencia dicti Prioris aut Supprioris pro 
 tempore existentis petita et optenta 
 
 Habendum tenendun^ occupandum et exercendum dictum 
 officium siue seruicium modo et forma predictis dicto Hugoni ad 
 terminum vite sue per se vel per alium suum sufficientem depu- 
 tatum si senio aut graui infirmitate detineatur, ita quod talis per 
 ipsum deputatus sit bone et honeste conuersacionis et disposicionis. 
 
 Prouiso semper quod dictus Hugo bene et fideliter se gerat 
 tam in dicto quam in facto Domino Priori et successoribus suis 
 sub pena forisfFacture dicti officii. 
 
 In quorum omnium et singulorum premissorum testimonium 
 presentibus litteris sigilli nostri communis impressione fecimus 
 roborari.
 
 WORCESTER. 95 
 
 Datis in domo nostra capitulari sextodecimo die mensis 
 Octobris anno regni Regis Henrici vij"' post conquestum Anglie 
 xvij° et anno Domino millesimo quingentesimo primo. 
 
 1503-7. Chapel and Almonry boys and their Masters. 
 Chapel Master's Account, 1503-4. 
 Expenses : Candles for the chapel boys, li. 8f/. Stipends : 
 John Hampton, Teacher of the chapel boys, 8/. ; clothing them, 
 2/. 8.V. ; Food, 3/. 16.V. ; Hose and shoes and repairing tliem, I2.s'. ; 
 Gratuity to John the clerk for his services, los. ; Rent collector's 
 salary, 6.v. Sd.; Refreshments for the monks and chapel boys in 
 Easter week and at Presentation of the Virgin, i/. ; Gratuities to 
 divers singers and guests, i o.v. ; Robert Alchurch on buying an 
 organ, 6s. Sd. 
 
 Computus [etc.], Willelmi Clyfton, Magistri capelle [etc.], 
 
 19-20 Henrici VII. 
 
 Expense. 
 
 In candelis emptis pro pueris capelle . . . i.«f. 8r/. 
 
 Stipendia. 
 Et in stipendio Johannis Hampton Instructoris puerorum 
 
 capelle ...... 8/. 
 
 Et pro vestura puerorum capelle. . . .2/. Ss. 
 
 Et in victualibus emptis pro pueris capelle . 3/. i6.«. 
 
 Et pro caligis calciis puerorum capelle et pro reparacione 
 
 eorundem . . . . . . I2.y. 
 
 Et in regardo dato Johanni Clerk racione seruicii sui . lo.v. 
 Et in stipendio unius collectoris reddituum . . 6^. 8d. 
 
 Et in stipendio unius lotricis . . . . 2s. 
 
 Et in refectione confratrum et puerorum capelle in ebdo- 
 
 mada Pasche et in festo oblacionis Beate Marie . i/. 
 
 Et in regardis datis diuersis cantantibus hospitibus super- 
 
 uenientibus ad diuersas vices . . . . lo.v. 
 
 Et datis Roberto Alchurch in emptione organorum . 6a-. 8d. 
 
 Almoner's Account, 1504-5. 
 Stipends: Master Hugh Cratford, schoolmaster, 2/. 13.?. ^d.; 
 the Almonry butler, i/. ; the bailiff, 6s. Sd.; The Almoner for
 
 96 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 keeping the Almonry table, at 2s. 6d. a quarter, los. ; Breakfast 
 to the chapel singers on 24 June, 4*. ; Gratuities to the Almonry- 
 clerks for their hens [?'.e., cocks for cock fights] on Shrove Tues- 
 day, 2s. ; Breakfast on day of S. Michael on the Mount, 2s. ; cash 
 to them for communion at Easter, 3*. lod. ; A cask of red herrings 
 at Advent, 6^. Sd. ; salt fish for Lent for the Almonry boys in 
 the kitchen's default, 4.?. 6d. ; perry bought of Kate Cook, 4*. 
 
 Food for the boys from Christmas to the Carnival, 8.?. ; the 
 like Easter to Michaelmas, 45?. 2d. ; Wax for the lights of the 
 office, 6.V. id. ; Purchase of corn, 6 quarters of wheat and 
 3 quarters of pulse, 565. ; 1000 loaves distributed on St. Wol- 
 stan's day, 18.?. 8f/. ; town beer bought during the account, 12.?. ; 
 Worcester city bakers for loaves bought, 5/. Out payments : 
 Beef, mutton, and veal bought for the Almonry boys in default 
 of the kitchen this year, 56.?. ^d. 
 
 Computus [etc] Elemosinarii [etc.] 20-21 H. VII. 
 Stipendia. 
 Et computat in stipendio Magistri Hugonis Cratford, 
 
 magistri scolarum, per annum. . . 53.?. ^d. 
 
 Et in stipendio Pincerne Elemosinarie per annum . 20s. 
 
 Et in stipendio Thome Boys balliui Elemosinarie . 6^. 8d. 
 
 Et solutis Domino Elemosinario pro custodia tabule 
 
 Elimozinarie ad iiij terminos, sic ad quodlibet quar- 
 
 terium, 2.?. 6d. In toto 10s. 
 
 Et in uno jantaculo dato cantatoribus capelle ad festum 
 
 Sancti Johannis Baptiste .... 4.?. 
 
 Et in regardis datis clericis Elemozinarie pro gallinis in 
 
 festo carnipriuii . . . . . 2s. 
 
 Et inuno jantaculo eis dato in festo Sancti MichaeHsinmonte 2^. 
 Et in denariis eis datis ad communionem in festo Pasche 3*. lod. 
 Et solutis Johanni Page pro j cado rubri allecis ab ipso 
 
 empto in Aduentu Domini .... 6s. 8d. 
 Et in piscibus salsis emptis tempore Quadragesime ob 
 
 defectum coquine pro pueris Elemozinarie . . 4*'. 6d, 
 
 Et in pireo empto de Katerina Cooke . . . 4.?. 
 
 Et in victualibus emptis pro pueris a festo Natalis Domini 
 
 usque carnipriuium . . . . . 8i-.
 
 WORCESTER. 97 
 
 Et in consimilibus emptis a festo Pasche usque festum 
 
 Sancti Michaelis Archangeli . . . 45*-. 2d. 
 
 Et in vij libris cere emptis ad renouacionem omnium 
 
 luminarium hoc anno dicto officio pertinencium 6.y. id. 
 
 Empcio bladi. 
 Pro 6 quarteriis bladi precii le buz [zell], 14^., 3 quarteriis 
 
 pulce emptis in foro ..... 56.?. 
 Et pro mille panibus frumenti distributis in festo Sancti 
 
 Wolstani ..... i8.y. 8(/. 
 
 Et pro seruisia ville empta per tempus computi . . lis. 
 
 Et solutis diuersis pistoribus ciuitatis Wigornie pro 
 
 panibus ab eis emptis per idem tempus . . loof. 
 
 Solucio forinseca. 
 Et in carnibus bouinis ouinis et vitulinis emptis pro puerls 
 
 Elemosinarie ob defectum coquine hoc anno . 56^, ^d. 
 
 Almoner's Account, 1506-7. 
 Out payments : 6 lb. wax for the office at 6^ a lb., 3.V. ^d. ; 
 Beef, mutton, veal, cheese, butter, eggs and milk and other food 
 bought and used in the house in default of the kitchen, by esti- 
 mation, 3/. 6.S. %d.\ Fuel bought and used in the office according 
 to the accountant, i/. 4*. Fees and Wages: Hugh Cratford 
 [the schoolmaster] for holding a Court [in one of the manors] 
 3^. 4f/. 
 
 Computus Roberti Lyuesey gerentis officium Elemosinarii, 
 22-3 Henrici VII. 
 
 Solucio forinseca. 
 Et solutis pro 6 libris cere emptis ad usum dicti officii, 
 
 precii libre, 6\d. ..... 3.V. j^d. 
 
 Et in carnibus bouinis ouinis vitulinis casio butiro ouis et 
 lacte ac aliis victualibus emptis et expenditis in hospicio 
 in defectu coquine, ut estimatur . . 66s. id. 
 
 Et in focali empto et expendito in officio hoc anno, ut 
 
 computans dicit ..... 24^. 
 
 Feoda et vadia. 
 Et solutis Hugoni Crateford pro consimili [curia ten- 
 
 enda] . . . . . . . 3^. 4^. 
 

 
 98 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 1504, 9 June. Appointment of Hugh Crateford, B.A., 
 Master of Worcester City School. 
 
 [Reg. de Gigles, f. 35 b.] 
 
 Silvester [de Giglis], Bishop, to Hugh Cratford, bachelor in 
 arts, appointing him Master " of our school in our city of Wor- 
 cester" in same words as appointment of 20 December 1429, 
 except that the nomination is said to be recognized as pertaining 
 both by law and custom to Master Thomas Alcok, doctor of 
 both laws, our Archdeacon of Worcester, and the fees and profits 
 are said to belong to it from of old, and adds, " inhibiting all 
 and singular of whatsoever degree or estate they may be from in 
 any way presuming to practice public grammar teaching in our 
 said city of Worcester to the prejudice of the said Hugh on pain 
 of sentence of excommunication to be fulminated in that behalf" 
 
 Prefeccio Magistri Scolarum. 
 
 Siluester permissione diuina Wigorn. Epis. Dilecto nobis in 
 Christo Hugoni Crateford in artibus bacallario salutem graciam 
 et benediccionem. Nos literarum scienciam, morum honestatem 
 et tue conversacionis vite quibus, ut multorum relacione recepimus, 
 pollere dinosceris multipliciter attendentes, regimen scolarum 
 nostrarum in civitate nostra Wigorn., ad quod te dignum et 
 aptum reputamus tibi conferimus teque magistrum scolarum 
 ibidem et gubernatorem, tam auctoritate nostra quam vice 
 nomine et jure predilecti nobis in Christo magistri Thome 
 Alcok, utriusque juris doctoris, archidiaconi nostri Wigorn., ad 
 quem nominacio magistri scolarum ibidem de jure et consuetu- 
 dine dinoscitur pertinere, constituimus et ordinamus, necnon 
 cum feodis proficuis et commoditatibus eidem magistro ab antique 
 pertinentibus, preficimus per presentes ad nostrum beneplacitum 
 tantummodo duraturas Inhibentes omnibus et singulis cuius- 
 cumque gradus vel condicionis existant quod in nullo modo 
 doctrinam gramaticalem publicam in dicta nostra civitate 
 Wigorn. in preiudicium dicti Hugonis exercere presumant, sub 
 pena excommunicacionis sentencie in ea parte fulminande. 
 
 In cuius rei testimonium sigillum nostrum ad causas pre-
 
 WORCESTER. 99 
 
 sentibus apponi fecinius. Datis Wigor. nono die mensis Junii 
 anno Domini millesimo quingentesimo quarto. 
 
 1614 — 1524. Expenditure of the Priory on scholar- 
 monks, chapel and almonry boys, and their education. 
 
 Fixed payments from the various Obedientiaries, 15 14-5. 
 
 [Wore. Cath. Miin. A. xij, f. 33.] 
 
 Fixed payments from the Cellarer's Office : Master Hugh 
 Cratford [Schoolmaster], i/. From the Sacrist's office : The 
 Oxford scholars for green wax, 49. From the Almoner's 
 office: The Sub-Almoner for his table, los. ; and for keeping 
 the Aumbry [the cupboard in or through which the broken 
 meats were put] in the Refectory, 5.V. ; money distributed 
 at the IVIaundy, 13 poor at 30^., 36-. 36^., and 40 monks at 6d. 
 each, 20.V. ; frieze for the 13 poor called maundymen, i/. 13.V. 6d. ; 
 pennies doled to the poor the same day and the Friday following, 
 16.?. 6d.; alms distributed on behalf of the Prior and Convent 
 where most need is, throughout the year, 18/. ; food bought and 
 used by the accountant in default of the kitchen, and food used 
 for the clerks of the Almonry and divers hired workmen, 
 61. 13*. 4f/. PVom the Chapel Master's Office : Cloth for 
 clothing of the boys of the chapel, 2/. 6.v. 8(/. ; food for them, 
 2/. 13.S. 4^/. ; a hired singer, i/., and I3,v. 4^/. for his gown. 
 
 f ^;^, Soluciones officii Celerarii ex certitudine, 
 Magistro Hewgoni Cratforde . . . 20s. od. 
 
 f. 36, Officium Sacriste. 
 Item scolaribus Oxonie pro consimili causa [viridi cera] . 4.9. od. 
 
 Officium Elemozinarii, Thome Stafford gerentis officium. 
 Et Sub Elemozinario pro tabula sua . . los. od. 
 
 Et eidem Sub Elemozinario pro custodia le Aumery in 
 
 Refectorio . . . . . .5?. od. 
 
 Et in pecunia distributa ad le Mawnday viz.,xiij pauperibus 
 
 cuihbet eorum T,d., sic in toto .... 3*. 2,d. 
 
 Et xl monachis cuiiibet eorum 6d. . . i/. os. od.
 
 lOO EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Et in panno laneo de fryce empto pro 13 pauperibus 
 
 vocatis mawndey men . . . i/, 13*. dd. 
 
 Et in denariis distributis pauperibus eodem die et in die 
 
 Veneris sequenti .... i6.v. 6d. 
 
 f. 38, Et in elemosinis distributis pauperibus pro Domino 
 Priore et conuentu ubi magis indigent per totum 
 annum . . . . .18/. o.s'. od. 
 
 f. 38b, Et in victualibus emptis et expenditis diuersis 
 vicibus super dictum nunc computantem ob defectum 
 coquine una cum victualibus expenditis super clericos 
 elemosinarie et super diuersos operarios conductos hoc 
 anno . . . . . .61. lys. ^d. 
 
 Officium Magistri Capelle. 
 
 Et in panno laneo empto pro vestura puerorum capelle 
 
 exercitanda per annum . . .2/. 6^. %d. 
 
 Et in victualibus emptis et expenditis super predictos 
 
 pueros . . . . .21. 13.5. ^d. 
 
 Et in solutis Thome Hull cantori conducto hoc aimo i/. os. od. 
 
 Item eidem pro toga .... ly. j\.d. 
 
 Particular Accounts of all Bailiffs, Collectors, Farmers and 
 all other ministers of Worcester Priory, i 520-1. 
 
 Blackwell. View of account of Roger Morris, bailiff, and 
 John Warner, rent collector there. Petitions of rent collector ; 
 He is allowed for cash paid the Oxford scholars for their pensions 
 for the year, 12/. 
 
 (Nothing appears of the Cellarer's payments beyond a general 
 reference to his Day-book (Jornale) duly examined before the 
 Prior and Auditor.) 
 
 Almoner's Office. Account of Brother William Hodynton 
 bearing the said office from Michaelmas in 12 to the same feast in 
 13 Henry VIII. Paid to the School Master for the Convent, i/. ; 
 money doles to 13 poor at the Maundy at 3</. each, 35. ^d. ; to 
 42 monks 6d. each, at the same time, i/. is. ; woollen cloth of 
 frieze bought for the 13 poor called Maundymen at the same 
 time, 1/. i2x. 6d ; money doles to the poor the Sunday and
 
 WORCESTER. lOl 
 
 Friday following, i ^s. 6(1. ; fuel bought for the use of the 
 Almoner's Inn and carriage of the same, i/. 6s. 8d. ; victuals 
 bought and used at different times on this accountant's house, the 
 clerks of the Almonry and other gentlemen coming, throughout 
 the year, 5/. I3,v. 4^/. ; divers utensils and other things necessaries 
 for the Almonry this year, 6s. 8f/. ; the Almonry washerwoman, 
 4.V. Tallow candles for the use of the house this year, 6s. Sd. 
 Chapel Master's Office. Brother John Dudley holding the office. 
 Stipends. Paid John Hampton as part of his pay 14 monks' 
 loaves and 14 gallons (.'') of convent ale a week delivered by the 
 Cellarer, for the year 4/. 6s. Sd. ; the same in cash by the 
 Cellarer, 2/. ; the same by the Sacrist, i/. 3*. ^d.; the same as 
 part of his pay for the year, los. ; woollen cloth for clothing the 
 boys of the chapel, a fixed sum yearly, 10/. 6*. 8^. ; their hose, 
 shoes, bought and spent on the said boys, yearly 2/. 135.46/.; 
 fuel and tallow candles for his office, 36'. ^d. ; Edmund the 
 Singer for part of his pay this year, lo*. ; food for the same for a 
 quarter and half quarter, 10*. ; Henry Stylfield for part of his pay, 
 1 1. ; William the Singer for part of his pay, 10*. 
 
 The Chamberlain's Office. Account of "William Fordham 
 holding the office. Oxford scholars for their portions for the 
 year, 3/. The Tomb-keeper's office ; Torches and gratuities to 
 divers persons for carrying them on Relic Sunday, 8f/. ; a break- 
 fast to John Hampton and the chapel boys on St. Wolstan's 
 Day, 3.?. 4d. 
 
 [Wore. Cath. Mini., A. xvii, f, i.] 
 
 Prioratus Wigornie. 
 Omnes compoti particulares Balliuorum Collectorum Firma- 
 riorum ac omnium aliorum ministrorum eiusdem computancium 
 12-13 Henrici VIII. 
 
 f. 32, Blackwell. 
 
 Visus compoti Rogeri Mores balliui et Johannis Warner 
 collectoris reddituum ibidem anno xiij° Henrici Octaui. 
 
 Peticiones collectoris reddituum. 
 Et allocatur eidem collectori ut in denariis solutis scho- 
 
 laribus Oxonie pro eorum pensionibus per annum . 12/.
 
 I02 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 f. 51, Officium Elemosinarii. 
 Compotus fratris Willelmi Hodynton gerentis officium 
 predictum 12-13 Henrici VIII. 
 
 f. 52. Et computat .... Item solutum magistro scholarum 
 
 pro conuentu ..... 20*. od. 
 
 Et computat In pecuniis distributis ad le Maundy, vide- 
 licet, xiij pauperibus, quilibet eorum yl., sic in toto . 3.y. 4f/. 
 
 Et solutis xlij monachis ad idem tempus, quilibet eorum 
 
 6d., sic in toto . . . . 21.?. od. 
 
 Item pro panno laneo de Fryce empto pro xiij"^" 
 
 pauperibus, vocatis Maundy men, ad idem tempus 32*. 6d. 
 
 Et in pecuniis distributis pauperibus eodem die et in die 
 
 Veneris sequentis . . . . 15.?, 6d. 
 
 f. 53. Et computat solutum pro focalibus emptis ad usum 
 
 hospicii sui una cum cariagio eiusdem hoc anno 265. %d. 
 
 Et solutum pro victualibus emptis et expenditis diuersis 
 vicibus super domum nunc computantis, clericos 
 Elemosinarie et super diuersos alios honestos homines 
 superuenientes, per totum annum . . 5/. 13.?. ^d. 
 
 Item solutum pro diuersis utenciliis et aliis rebus neces- 
 
 sariis emptis ad usum Elemosinarie hoc anno . . 6s. 8r/. 
 
 Item lotrice [sic] Elemosinarie .... 4.?. od. 
 
 Item pro candelis de cepo emptis ad usum hospicii sui 
 
 hoc anno . . . . . . 6s. %d. 
 
 f. 55. Officium magistri capelle. 
 Computus Fratris Johannis Dudley [etc.] 
 
 Stipendia. 
 
 Et computat solutum Johanni Hampton ut de parte 
 stipendii sui per xiiij'"'"" panes monachales et xiiij"'™ 
 gustatus seruisie conuentus septimanatim per delibera- 
 cionem Celerarii, per annum . . .4/. 6s. Sd. 
 
 Et eidem Johanni Hampton per manus Celerarii nostri 
 
 per annum ...... 40.?. 
 
 Et eidem Johanni per manus Sacriste per annum 23*. 4^. 
 
 Et eidem Johanni nomine partis stipendii sui per annum . lo*.
 
 WORCESTER. IO3 
 
 Et in panno laneo empto pro vestura puerorum capelle, 
 
 ex certitudine per annum . . . 10^. 6*. id. 
 
 Et pro caligis sotularibus et aliis necessariis emptis pro 
 
 eisdem puerls per annum .... 14.?. 
 
 Et pro victualibus emptis et expenditis super predictos 
 
 pueros, ex certitudine per annum . . 53.V. 4c?. 
 
 Et solutum pro focalibus emptis ad usum dicti officii una 
 
 cum candelis de cepo ..... 3,9. ^d. 
 Et solutum Edmundo Synger nomine partis stipendii sui, 
 
 hoc anno ...... los. 
 
 Et eidem pro victualibus eiusdem Edmundi per j quar- 
 
 terium anni et dimidium .... 10.?. 
 
 Et solutum Henrico Stylfeld nomine partis stipendii sui, 
 
 hoc anno . . . ... . 20s. 
 
 Et solutum Willelmo Synger, nomine partis stipendii sui, 
 
 hoc anno . . . . . .10.?. 
 
 f. 57. Officium Camerarii. 
 
 Compotus Fratris Willelmi Fordam gerentis officium [etc.]. 
 
 Soluciones ex certitudine De qiiibus computat. 
 
 Item scholaribus Oxonie pro eorum porcionibus per annum 6o.s. 
 
 f. 64. Officium Tumbarii. 
 
 Computus fratris Ricardi Calaman gerentis [etc.]. 
 
 Item solutum pro torchis una cum regardis datis variis 
 
 personis pro portacione eorundem in die reliquarum . 8d. 
 Item solutum pro jantaculo facto Johanni Hampton et 
 
 pueris capelle in die Sancti Wolstani . . . 3.?. 4f/. 
 
 Accounts of all Obedientiaries, 1521-22. 
 
 [Wore. Cath. Mun. A xvii. p. [31 et seq. Printed in full in 
 "Accounts of the Priory of Worcester, 1521-2/' by Canon James 
 Maurice Wilson, Wore. Hist. Soc, 1907. These Accounts are in a 
 book. There is also a roll of them, which differs only in a word or two 
 from the book copy.] 
 
 Almoner's Office. 
 
 Schoolmaster for the convent, i/. ; money distributed at the 
 Maundy, 13 poor at 3^/. each, 3.V. 3r/. ; 40 monks at same time 
 at 6d. each, 2/.; cloth of frieze, 5 sticks each, i/. 12*. 6d. ;
 
 104 EARLV EDUCATION. 
 
 pennies to poor the same day and Friday following, 13.5.4c?.; 
 food bought and used for the accountant, the clerks of the 
 Almonry, and other honourable men, 5/. 13,9. ^d. ; Almonry 
 washerwoman, 4*'. 
 
 Chapel Master's Office. 
 
 Stipends : Paid Daniel Boyse as part of his stipend 14 monks' 
 loaves and 14 gists of convent beer delivered by the Cellarer, 
 4/. 6.V. Sd. ; the same by Cellarer, 2/. ; by Sacrist, i/. 3.?. ^d. ; as 
 part of his stipend, 10.?. ; allowed him for clothing the chapel 
 boys, 2/. 6.?. 8d. ; for hose, shoes, and other necessaries for the 
 same, 145. ; for food bought and spent on the same as a fixed 
 charge, 2/. 13.?. ^d. ; a breakfast to the convent in Easter week 
 as a fixed charge, 6s. 8d. ; bread, beer, and other victuals at feast 
 of Presentation of the Virgin, 6.s. 8d. ; fuel and tallow candles, 
 ^s. ^d. ; William the Singer, for part of his stipend, 2/. ; and his 
 gown, 13*. ^d. ; allowed for expenses on strangers called singing 
 men coming this year, 5.?. 
 
 Chamberlain's Office. 
 Oxford scholars for their portions . . .3/. 
 
 Tomb-keeper's Office. 
 Breakfast for Daniel Boys and the boys of the chapel on 
 
 St. Wulstan's day . . . . .3.?. ^d. 
 
 Kitchener's Office. 
 Paid the Oxford scholars for charge on Bibury . . 3/. 
 
 Sacrist's Office. 
 
 Oxford scholars by custom, ^s. ; Master of the Charnel 
 house and his gown, 10/. 165. ; Chaplain for singing first mass 
 before the Virgin's image, 2/. 13.?. 46/., and for keeping the 
 image, 13*. ^d. ; Stipend of Newes and 3 clerks of the church, 61. ; 
 Thomas Newes and 2 servants in the Sacristy for gowns, 2/. 4>v. ; 
 Chapel Master through Daniel Boys, for wax, 13.9. 4c?. ; Daniel 
 Boys, for masses of the name of Jesus and Salve Regina, io.s. ; 
 gratuities to Daniel Boys and the chapel boys, to the Friars 
 Preachers and Friars Minors, the mace bearers of the City of 
 Worcester, and other strangers, 134-. ^d. 
 
 p. 9 [f. 121]. Officium Elemosinarii. Compotus fratris Wil-
 
 WORCESTER. IO5 
 
 lelmi Hodynton gerentis officium predictum [etc.], 13-14 Henrici 
 
 octavi. 
 
 Et computat solutum magistro scholarum* pro conventu 
 
 per annum ...... 20s. 
 
 Et computat in denariis distributis ad le maundy, vide- 
 licet, xiij"'*''" pauperibus, quilibet eorum 3f/. et sic in toto 3.?. 36?. 
 
 Et solutum xl monachis ad idem tempus quilibet eorum 
 
 6d. et sic in toto .... 20.y. Of/. 
 
 Item pro panno lanio de fryce empto pro xiij"^" pauperibus 
 
 vocatis maundymen quilibet eorum v sticks . 32*. 6d. 
 
 Et in denariis distributis pauperibus eodem die et in die 
 
 Veneris sequente . . . . 1 3?. ^d. 
 
 Item solutum pro victualibus emptis et expensis diuersis 
 vicibus super dictum nunc computantem, clericos ele- 
 mosinarii, et super diuersos alios honestos homines 
 supervenientes per totum annum . . 5/. 13 v. ^d. 
 
 Item pro diuersis utenciliis clauis clauibus et aliis rebus 
 
 necessariis emptis ad usum elemosinarie hoc anno . 6s. Sd. 
 
 p. 14. Officium Magistri Capelle. 
 Compotus fratris Johannis Motton gerentis officium predictum 
 
 anno quo supra. 
 
 f. 125. Et computat solutum Danieli Boyse de parte 
 stipendii sui per 14 panes monachales et 14 gustatus 
 servicie conventualis septimanatim per deliberacionem 
 Cellerarii per annum . . . .4/. 6s. Sc/. 
 
 Et eidem Danieli per manus cellerarii nostri per annum . 40*-. 
 
 Et eidem per manus sacriste per annum . . 23*. ^d. 
 
 Et eidem nomine partis stipendii sui per annum . .10*. 
 
 Et allocatur eidem pro panno lanio empto pro vestura 
 
 puerorum capelle ex certitudine per annum . 46.?. Sd. 
 
 Et pro caligis sotularibusf et aliis necessariis emptis pro 
 
 eisdem pueris per annum . . . .145. 
 
 Et eidem pro victualibus emptis et expenditis super pre- 
 
 dictos pueros ex certitudine per annum . S3^- ¥^- 
 
 Et solutum Willelmo Synger nomine partis stipendii sui 
 
 hoc anno ...... 40*- 
 
 • Not scholarium as in print. t Not sotulariis as in print. 
 
 P
 
 106 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Et eidem pro toga sua . , . . 135. 4^. 
 
 Et solutum pro focali empto ad usum dicti hospicii una 
 
 cum candelis de cepo ..... 3.s\ 4^/. 
 f. 126. De quibus allocatur eidem pro expensis factis 
 
 super extranios vocatos syngyngmen prouenientes hoc 
 
 anno ....... 5?. 
 
 f. 126. Officium Camerarii. 
 Computus fratris Ricardi Calaman gerentis officium pre- 
 dictum anno quo supra. 
 Item scholaribus Oxonie pro eorum porcionibus per 
 
 annum ...... 60*. 
 
 f. 132. Officium Tumbarii. 
 Compotus fratris Rogerl Stanford gerentis officium predictum 
 anno quo supra. 
 Item pro jantaculo facto Danieli Boyse et pueris capelle in 
 
 die sancti Wolstani . . . . .3$. ^.d. 
 
 f. 138. Officium Coquinarii. 
 Compotus Fratris Humfridi Grafton gerentis officium pre- 
 dictum [etc.]. 
 Item solutum scholaribus Oxonie pro pencione de Bybery 
 
 per annum ...... 60^. 
 
 f. 143. Officium Sacriste. 
 Computus fratris Roberti Alchurche gerentis officium pre- 
 dictum [etc.]. 
 
 f. 144. Stipendia monachorum. 
 
 Item scholaribus Oxonie pro conslmili (viridi cera) . 45. 
 
 Feoda et vadia. 
 Et computat solutum magistro Lewes, magistro carnarie, 
 
 cum toga sua . . . . . 10/. i6,y. od. 
 
 Item capellano celebranti primam missam coram ymagine 
 
 beate Marie ..... 53.V. 4c/. 
 
 Et eidem capellano pro custodia ymaginis beate Marie . \y. ^d. 
 Item in stipendio Thome Newes et trium clericorum 
 
 ecclesie ..... 6/. 0.$. 0(/. 
 
 Item Thome Newes et duobus servientibus in sacristia pro 
 
 eorum togis ...... 44*.
 
 WORCESTER. IO7 
 
 Item magistro capelle per manus Daniellis Boyce pro cera I3.s-. ^d. 
 Item Danieli Boyce pro missis nominis Jesu et Salve regiiia 
 
 per annum ...... lo?. 
 
 f. 146. Et allocatur eidem ut in regardis datis Danieli 
 Boyce pueris capelle fratribus predicatorum et minorum 
 clavigeris civitatis Wigorn. et diuersis aliis extraniis hoc 
 anno . . . . . . 13.?. 4c/. 
 
 Prioratus Wigornie, Omnes compoti [etc., as in last], 
 14-15 Henry VIII. 
 
 Blakewall. Visus compoti Rogeri Mores, Balliui et Willelmi 
 Mason coUectoris [etc.]. 
 
 Peticiones CoUectoris reddituum. 
 Et in denariis solutis Scholaribus Oxonie pro eorum por- 
 
 cionibus per annum . . . . .12/. 
 
 [f. 199.] Officium Elemosinarii. 
 Computus [etc., as in last], including Et magistro Scholarum 
 ex parte conventus, 20s., except that the monks number 41 and 
 the frieze of the maundymen is described as 5 virgatis, yards, 
 instead of sticks. 
 
 [f. 200.] Officium Magistri capelle. 
 Computus [etc., as in last]. 
 
 Et computat solutum DanieH Boyse [etc., as in last], 
 [f. 203.] Officium Camerarii [etc., as in last]. 
 Peticiones ex certitudine. 
 De quibus .... Scholaribus Oxonie pro eorum penci- 
 
 onibus per annum ... . . 60*. 
 
 [f 210.] Officium Tumbarii [as in last], 
 [f. 216.] Officium Coquinarii [as in last.] 
 The particular accounts of the Priory for the years 14-15 and 
 15-16 Henry VIII., 1522-1524, contain the same items in almost 
 the same words. 
 
 1522, 3 Feb. Appointment of Organplayer, who is also 
 to be a Singing Man and Instructor of Choristers. 
 
 [Prior's Register, A. 6 (2), f. cxxvij. b.] 
 Daniel Boys' Deed for the office of Organplayer. 
 William More, by the grace of God Prior, etc., and the Convent
 
 I08 EARLY EDUCATION, 
 
 grant to their beloved in Christ, Daniel Boys, the office or service 
 called in the vulgar tongue Organplayer and Singingman, at a 
 yearly rent or stipend to be paid and delivered thus : viz., 14 
 monks' white loaves a week, and 4 gists of ale of the best that 
 the monks drink, and cloth for a new gown yearly or 16.?., to be 
 delivered by the Cellarer ; also 2/. 17.J. ^d. a year, i/. 4.V. by the 
 Cellarer, i/. 3,?. 4c/. by the Sacrist, and io,s\ by the chapel master, 
 payable quarterly. He is also to have the nomination of one of 
 the 8 boys of the chapel. For this grant Boys undertakes to 
 keep the Lady Mass in the Lady chapel daily with plain and 
 broken song and the organ, and every Friday the mass of the 
 Name of Jesus, and to attend choir when necessary on all 
 principal and double feasts, and on their octaves, and at other 
 proper and customary times. This he will do in person and not 
 by deputy, unless he is ill or from other sufficient cause, and then 
 by a sufficient deputy. He will obey the Prior in all things, and 
 will teach the 8 boys of the chapel plain and broken song, 
 especially to sing masses of the Virgin and of the Name of Jesus 
 on principal feasts, and to sing vespers and the customary 
 anthems, and likewise in Lent. If any of the boys wish to 
 learn descant in singing and playing the organ, he shall pay the 
 said Daniel \s. a quarter for his trouble. 
 
 Carta Danielis Boys pro officio de le Organe player. 
 
 Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos presens Scriptum 
 peruenerit Willelmus More ex diuina gracia Prior monasterii 
 Beate Marie Virginis Wigorniensis et eiusdem loci conuentus 
 Salutem in Domino sempiternam. Sciatis nos prefatos Priorem 
 et conuentum unanimi assensu et consensu concessisse et hoc pre- 
 sente scripto nostro confirmasse dilectum \_sic] nobis in Christo 
 Danielem Boys officium siue seruicium vulgariter nuncupatum 
 Organ player et Syngyngman pro bono et laudabili seruicio suo 
 impenso et imposterum impendendo, vita sua durante, quemdam 
 annualem redditum uel stipendium sibi annuatim soluendum et 
 deliberandum modo et forma sequentibus ; videlicet, qualibet 
 septimana 14 panes monachales albos, anglice white moncks
 
 WORCESTER. IO9 
 
 loues, et iiij" gustatus seruicie, anglice gists of ale, de meliori 
 gustatu de illis quod monachi septimanatim biberint deliberandos 
 per Celerarium monasterii predict! pro tempore existentem, et 
 pannum pro noua toga de secta generosorum monasterii predicti 
 annuatim deliberandum per dictum Celerarium monasterii, uel in 
 pecuniis numeratis nomine eiusdem, precii i6.y. sterlingorum ; 
 Necnon in pecuniis numeratis dicto Danieli soluendis 57.?. et 
 4 denariis sterlingorum modo et forma sequentibus ; In primis, 
 per manus dicti Celerarii 24*. et per manus Sacriste dicti 
 monasterii pro tempore existentis, 23.?. j^d., et per manus Magistri 
 Capelle eiusdem pro tempore existentis lo.v. ad iiij" anni 
 terminos viz. ad festa Sancti Michaelis, Natalis Christi, Annuncia- 
 cionis Beate Marie et Sancti Johannis Baptiste per equales 
 porciones Habendum gaudendum et percipiendum officium 
 siue seruicium predictum una cum stipendio et annuali redditu 
 predicto in forma predicta annuatim soluendo et septimanatim 
 deliberando prefato Danieli vita sua durante sine impedimento 
 uel contradiccione aliquorum officiatorum predictorum qui pro 
 tempore existent. 
 
 Et ulterius nos prefatos Priorem et Conuentum concessisse pre- 
 fato Danieli nominacionem unius pueri essendi in Capella monasterii 
 predicti de numero viij puerorum, sic quod omnino unus eorum 
 sit de numero dictorum ex nominacione et eleccione predicti 
 Danielis. 
 
 Pro quibus quidem donacionibus et concessionibus predictis 
 idem Daniel concessit diatim custodire missam Beate Marie 
 Virginis in capella eiusdem monasterii infra ecclesiam dicti monas- 
 terii ad horam ordinatam cum canticis planis fractis et organis, et 
 quolibet die Veneris simili modo custodire missam de nomine 
 Jesu ad horam et locum in dicta ecclesia consuetos, ac 
 eciam diligenter attendere diatim cum necesse fuerit, tarn in 
 choro quam extra chorum in omnibus festis principalibus et 
 duplicibus et in octauis eorundem, necnon in omnibus aliis tem- 
 poribus congruis et consuetis obseruare officium siue seruicium 
 suum predictum. 
 
 Ac eciam in hiis et in omnibus aliis rebus obseruandis et 
 faciendis sit in propria persona sua et non per deputatos, nisi [per]
 
 no EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 infirmitates egritudines vel ullas causas rationales in contrarium 
 causantes, et tunc per suum sufRcientem deputatum. 
 
 Et eciam dictus Daniel concessit obedire dictos Priorem et 
 conuentum in omnibus mandatis licitis et honestis secundum 
 facultatem et erudicionem suam, necnon instruere informare et 
 docere numerum viij puerorum de capella monasterii predicti in 
 canticis planis et fractis, et specialiter in missis Beate Marie 
 Virginis, nominis Jesu, festorum principalium, tum in illis 
 seruiciis quam in vesperis cantandis, ac in antiphonis flindatis et 
 consuetis diatim obseruandis, et in tempore quadragesimali 
 similiter. 
 
 Proviso semper quod si aliquis puerorum de numero capelle 
 predicte, quod vellent, desiderat erudicionem canticorum vocatorum 
 descant, tarn in cantacione quam in ludicione super organum 
 eiusdem, quod tunc talis puer vel discipulus, essente [.$?c] de 
 dicto numero, pro erudicione in dicta sciencia dabit dicto Danieli 
 quaternatim \2d. pro suo labore et diligencia sua docente illam 
 scienciam. 
 
 In cuius rei testimonium sigillum nostrum commune presen- 
 tibus est appensum. Datis in domo nostra capitulari iij' die 
 niensis Februarii anno regni Regis Henrici VIII. post con- 
 questum terciodecimo. 
 
 C. 1525. Educational payments by the Cellarer. 
 
 [Wore. Cath. Mun., A xii., f. 123".] 
 
 Servants paid by the Cellarer. Christmas term, 1525 [.'']. 
 
 [Reg. A xii., f. 77.] 
 
 Stipendia Famulorum pertinentium officio Celerarii pro ter- 
 mino Nativitatis Domini. 
 
 Imprimis George Spellesbury . . . . io.v. 
 
 To the seid George for the yoman of the cellar . . xxrf. 
 
 John Hampton, singer . ... . .5*. 
 
 John Frynde, sumpterman . . . .6s. %d. 
 
 John Brewar . . . . . . los.
 
 WORCESTER. Ill 
 
 The Baker, 8.?. 4^/. ; the maltman, 8^. 4.(1. ; the fyre beeter, 
 6a'. id. ; Geffry of the brewarne, 6.v. Sd. ; the butler, 6s. 8d. ; 
 the myllar, 6,v. 8f/. ; the supprior's yoman, 5.?. ; the 2 yomen of 
 the hoscrye every one 5^., 10; Bartram the cartar, 6s. 8d. ; to 
 the second carter, ^s. ; William barbur the convent barbur, 5^. ; 
 the bedull, 2s. 6d. ; the clerk of the farmery, 2^. 6d. ; the tabler, 
 6s. %d. ; the cellerar's page, 5*. ; the page of the cellerar's kychin, 
 3.S. 4r/. ; to the lord's launder, 2^. ; to the cellerar's launder, 
 15^/.; to the kepper of the Gysten Stabull, iff/.; to the lord's 
 panter, 2od. ; to the keper of Eymore, 13,9. 4^/. ; to the Vicer of 
 hymulton, 13.V. ^.d. ; to the Schole master, 5.V. 
 
 The liverey gownnes belonging to the cellerer. Among these 
 are : — 
 
 Daniell Boys the Singer iiij yeards . . . i6s. 
 
 The Schole master iiij yeards . . . .16*. 
 
 Cellarer's fixed Charges, 1529. 
 
 [Reg. A xii., f. 130.] 
 
 Among Stipends of servants, the Schoolmaster, i/. ; the 
 children of the Almonry, i^. ^.d. 
 
 Soluciones pertinentes officio Celerarii et certitudine ut per 
 estimationem annuatim in anno Domini millesimo quingente- 
 simo vicesimo nono. 
 
 Stipendia famulorum pertinentium officio Celerarii. 
 
 Item the Skolemaster ..... 20.?. 
 
 [p. 132.] To the childern of the Amery . . i6d. 
 
 The Scholars' pension of Oxforde. 
 
 In primis of the cellarar for ther bred, ale, fewell, and other 
 
 necessares. 
 
 Payd of the rent of Blackwell to euery oon of them 6/. o^. oof. 
 Item of the chamberer for ther comens and other neces- 
 sary dewties ..... 305. od. 
 Item of the Kewsyner for ther mete by the hands of the Abbot 
 of Osney out of the churche of Bybery for the pension 30^'. od. 
 
 [f. 132.] Liuery gownes belongyning to the cellerar to pay 
 at Ester.
 
 112 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Item to the player of organs, 4 yeards precii . 16^. od. 
 
 Item to the Skolemaster, 3 yeards precii . io.y. od. 
 
 1535, 22 Feb. Provision of a Grammar Schoolmaster 
 for junior monks, ordered by Archbishop Cranmer, 
 
 Injunctions by Archbishop Cranmer after a metropolitical visita- 
 tion of Worcester Priory, 22 Feb. 1534-5. 
 
 [Prior's Register, A 6 (2), f. clxxxvij.] 
 
 Thomas, by the sufferance of God Archbishop of Canterbury, 
 Primate of all England and Metropolitan, to the Religious men 
 the Prior and chapter or convent of the cathedral church or 
 monastery of Worcester of the Order of St. Benedict health, 
 grace, blessing and increase of religion. 
 
 Since some things deserving reformation were discussed at the 
 recent visitation ; first, that no lecture of holy scripture, to which 
 above all you are by the rule of your religion bound to give your 
 time, is held among you, W^e decree and firmly enjoining order 
 that on every day, outside the weeks of Christmas, Easter, and 
 Whitsuntide, except Sundays and feast days and their eves, a 
 lecture of holy scripture shall be held for one hour in the morning 
 and it shall be construed in English, plainly and intelligibly 
 according to its literal sense 
 
 Fifth, We decree and firmly enjoining order that the Prior 
 shall at the cost of the monastery keep an honest man, sufficiently 
 learned in the service of grammar, to teach the junior monks 
 who shall be continually resident and to teach them grammar 
 every day at proper times, places and seasons. 
 
 Iniunctiones et prouisiones facte per Reverendum patrem 
 Thomam Cantuariensem Archiepiscopum. 
 
 Thomas permissione diuina Cantuariensis Archiepiscopus 
 totius Anglic Primas et Metropolitanus Religiosis viris Priori et 
 capitulo siue conuentui ecclesie cathedralis siue monasterii Wig- 
 orniensis Ordinis sancti Benedicti Salutem graciam benedic- 
 tionem et religionis augmentum.
 
 WORCESTER. II3 
 
 Quonlam in visitacione nostra Metropolitana in ecclesia 
 cathedrali Wigorniensi siue monasterio vestro predicto per nos 
 expedita quedam reformacione digna sunt comperta. 
 
 Imprimis, viz., quod sacre scripture lectio, cui precipue per 
 vestre religionis regulam vacare tenemini nulla inter vos habetur 
 Idcirco decernimus statuimus et firmiter iniungendo mandamus 
 quod singulis diebus, extra ebdomadas Natalis Domini Resurrec- 
 cionis Dominice et Pentecostes, exceptis dominicis et festiuis ac 
 eorum vigiliis, una lectio sacre scripture per spacium unius hore 
 ante meridiem .... habeatur et anglice plane et intelligibiliter ad 
 minus iuxta sensum litteralem declaretur et interpretetur. 
 
 5. Item statuimus et firmiter iniungendo mandamus quod 
 Prior monasterii vestri predicti sumptibus dicti monasterii 
 unum virum honestum et grammaticali sciencia sufficienter eru- 
 ditum ad informandum juniores monachos dicti monasterii con- 
 tinue in grammaticali sciencia infra monasterium vestrum 
 residentem habeat subpeditet et exhibeat, qui singulis diebus 
 eosdem juniores monachos in grammaticali sciencia diligenter 
 instruat et doceat horis locis et temporibus congruis et oportunis. 
 
 Data in manerio nostro de Knoll xxij die mensis Februarii 
 A.D. 1534 et nostre consecracionis anno secundo. 
 
 1535< Educational and eleemosynary expenditure of the 
 Priory, for which allowance was made as a deduction 
 from gross income, in the Valor Ecclesiasticus. 
 
 [Return for Valor Ecclesiasticus (Record Commission, 1827, iii, 
 226-7). Wore. Cath. Mun., D 363. Words in brackets are in the 
 printed edition only.] 
 
 The total income 1385/. ^s. id. 
 
 Allowances made .... for bread doles to the poor at 
 the monastery gate on St. Wolstan's day, 2/. 10^. Sd., with 
 the cost of baking and milling the bread, 8*. Sd. For 13 poor 
 for "the King's meats," each 2 quarters of wheat, 61. is. Bread 
 doles for the souls of 4 benefactors by their and others founda- 
 tion, 10*. Money doles to the poor on Maundy Thursday and
 
 114 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Good Friday, i/. 3.?. 4(/. Thirteen frieze gowns given to 13 
 poor at the Maundy, i/. 12^. 6d. Money distributed to the 
 poor in the name of the convent every day, where most needful 
 [by ordinance of bishop Walter Cantilupe and other benefactors], 
 18/. los. For 3 poor ministers daily celebrating masses, with 
 three dwellings for them, 1/. lo*-. 8rf. Two bushels of wheat for 
 13 poor at the Maundy, at los. a bushel [i/.]. 98 loaves 
 called " monk loaves," worth ^d. each, and 9 loaves called yeo- 
 mens' pasty loaves, worth id. each, delivered weekly to 14 poor 
 scholars of the Almonry, 12/. i is. ^d. 80 gallons of beer at id. 
 a gallon, delivered weekly to the scholars, 18/. 4,?. Alms to the 
 Friars Minors (Gray or Franciscan Friars) consisting of 2 gallons 
 beer and one monk's loaf a week, lO.v. lod. Bread doles to the 
 poor on solemn feasts, 14^. 
 
 [Total Charities 64/. 16^. 10^., of which for educational 
 exhibitions 30/. 15.?. 4^.] 
 
 Valor Ecclesiasticus. 
 
 Monasterium sive Prioratus ecclesiae Cathedralis Wigorniae. 
 Verus valor .... In anno Henrici VIII. 27™°. 
 Summa totalis recepte . . . • i38S^- S^- ^^• 
 
 Allocaclones. 
 Inde allocantur .... 
 Item in pane distributo pauperibus ad portam Prioratus 
 
 predlcti in die Sancti Wolstani per annum . 505. Sd. 
 
 Item pro pistacione et molacione eiusdem panis . . Ss. %d. 
 
 Item xliij"™ pauperibus pro cibo Regis [vocato Kyngs 
 
 metys] quillbet eorum Ij quarteria siliginis . 61. os. iid. 
 Item allocantur in pane distributo pauperibus pro anima- 
 
 bus Johannis Evesham, Wlllelml Molens, Thome 
 
 Carter et Robert Molton, ex fundacione predictorum 
 
 Johannis, WUlelmi, Thome et RobertI ac aliorum los. od. 
 
 In pecunlis distributis pauperibus in cena Domini et in die 
 
 Parasceves [ex fundacione] . . . 23J. ^d. 
 
 Et pro xiij°"° togis de Fryce datis xlij""" pauperibus in 
 
 cena Domini [quilibet eorum 5 virgas] . 32^. 6d.
 
 WORCESTER. II^ 
 
 Item in denariis distributis pauperibus nomine tocius 
 conventus singulis diebus ubi magis indiget per annum 
 [ex ordinacione Walteri de Cantilupo, quondam Wigor- 
 niensis ecclesiac ministri et conuentus eiusdem ac 
 aliorum benefactorum ejusdem ecclesiae] . i8/. los. od. 
 
 Item tribus pauperibus ministris cotidie ceJebrantibus 
 
 missas cum tribus tenementis pro eisdem pauperibus t,os. Sd. 
 
 Item xiij pauperibus in cena Domini quilibet eorum ij 
 
 bussellis predict! siliginis, precii . . los. od. 
 
 Item in iiij" et xviij panibus vocatis monlce lovys et pro 
 novem panibus vocatis yeman paste lovys precii cuius- 
 libet panis monachalis oboli, cuiuslibet panis de yeman 
 paste j^ septimanatim, deliberatis xiiij*^" pauperibus 
 scholaribus Elemosynarie [ex ordinacione Sanctorum 
 Oswaldi et Wolstani], precii . . . 12/. 11^.46?. 
 
 Item pro iiij^^ [et iiij] lagenis servicie, precii cuiuslibet 
 
 lagene j*, septimanatim deliberatis predictis scholaribus 1 8/. 4.?. od. 
 
 Item in elemosina data fratribus minoribus septimanatim 
 
 duas lagenas seruicie cum una (sic) pane monachali io.s. lod. 
 
 Et in pane distribute pauperibus in solemnibus festis 14,9. od. 
 
 64/. 16*. lod. 
 
 Summa totalis omnium allocationum . 100/. 6s. ^d. 
 Et sic remanet de claro . . . . 1284/. 18^. gd. 
 
 1537. Bishop Hugh Latimer's Injunctions to Worcester 
 Priory against the monks' superstition and ignorance of 
 the Scriptures and grammar. 
 
 [Wore. Cath. Muii. Prior's Register, A. 6 (3), f. 17 b.] 
 
 Iniunctions gevyne by the bysshope of Worcetur in his 
 vysitacion to the prior of Seint Marye howse of Worcetre and the 
 Covent of the same the yere of our lorde a thowsande fyve 
 hundrethe threttie and sevynne. 
 
 Hughe, by the goodnes of Gode, bysshope of Worcetre, 
 wyshithe to his bretherne, the prior and covente afor seyde^ 
 grace mercy peace and trewe knowlege of godes worde from gode 
 ower father and ower lorde Jesu Chryst.
 
 Il6 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 For asmuche as in this my vysitacion I evydentlye perceve 
 the ignorance and neglygence of dywerse relygiouse persons in 
 this monasterye to be intollerable and not to be sufFeryde for that 
 ther by dothe reign Idolatre and many Icindes of supersticions 
 and other enormyteys, and consyderinge withe all that ower 
 Soueraign lorde the Kinge for sum parte of Remedye of the same 
 hathe grauntyde by his most gracyouse lycence that the scripture 
 of gode niaye be rede in englysshe of all hys obediente subiectes, 
 I therfor wyllinge yower reformacion in most fauorable maner to 
 your least dyspleasure do hartily require yowe all and every onn 
 of yowe and also in godes behalfe command the same accordinge 
 as your duetie ys to obey me as godes minister and the kinges in 
 all my lawfull and honeste commawndementes that yowe observe 
 and kepe inviolably all these iniunctions foloing Under paine of 
 the Lawe. 
 
 Fyrst for as muche as I perceive that sum of yewe nother 
 obseruid the kinges iniunctions nor yet have them withe yewe as 
 willinge to observe, therfore ye shall from hensforth but bothe 
 haue and obserue diligently and frightefullye aswcll specyall 
 commawndementes of preachinges as other iniunctions gevne in 
 his graces visitacion. 
 
 Item that the Prior shall provyed of the monasteryes charge a 
 hole byble in Englyshe and to be leyde faste chaynede in sum 
 opin place other in ther churche or cloyster. 
 
 Item that every religyouse parson haue at the least a newe 
 testamente in Englyshe by the feast of the Natiuite of our lorde 
 nexte ensuinge. 
 
 Item when so ever ther shalbe anny preachinge in your 
 monasterye that all maner of singinge and oother ceremonies be 
 utterly leyed asyed in the prechinge time and all other service 
 shortenid as nede shalbe ande all religiouse persons quietly to 
 herkine to the preachinge. 
 
 Item that ye have a lecture of scripture redd every daye in 
 Englyshe amongeste yewe save holye dayes. 
 
 Item that every religiouse persone be at every lecture from 
 the beginninge to the endinge excepte the haue a necessary let 
 alowyd them by ther prior.
 
 WORCESTER. II7 
 
 Item that everye religiouse house have a laye man to ther 
 stuarde for all form businesses. 
 
 Item that yowe haue a continuall scolmaster suffyciently 
 lernide to teache yowe grammer. 
 
 Item that no relygiouse persone dyscorrage anny maner of 
 laye man or woman or anny other from the redinge of anny good 
 Boke other in laten or in englyshe. 
 
 Item that the prior haue at his diner and supper every daye a 
 chapitre redd from the beginninge of scripture to the ende and 
 that in englishe wher so ever he be in anny of his owne places and 
 to haue edifienge communicacion of the same. 
 
 Item that the covente sitt together fower to one messe and to 
 eate together in commune and to haue scripture redd in lyk wyse 
 and haue communicacion thereof and after ther diner or supper 
 ther reliques and fragmentes to be dystrybutyed to poore people. 
 
 Item that the prior and covente provyde dystribucions to be 
 ministrede in every parishe wher as ye be persons and proprie- 
 taries accordinge to the kinges iniunctions in that behalfe. 
 
 Item that all thes my iniunctions be redd every monethe ones 
 in the chapitre house befor all the brethernc. 
 
 acordinge. 
 
 1537, Chantry Priests to become teachers. 
 
 p. 157. Injunctions given by the Bishop of Worceter in his 
 Visitacion . . . the yere of oure Lord God 1537. 
 
 p. 160. Item, That ye, and every on of you, that be 
 Chauntre Prestes, doe instructe and teache the Children of youre 
 Paryshe, suche as will come to you, at the least to rede Englishe, 
 so that thereby they may the better lerne how to beleve, howe to 
 praye, and howe to lyve to Goddes plesurc. 
 
 1540. Proposals for refoundation of Worcester Cathedral. 
 
 [P.R.O. Exch. Misc. Books Aug. of No. 24. Printed in Henry 
 the Eighth's Scheme of Bishopricks. London : Charles Knight & Co. 
 
 1838.] 
 
 f. 1 1 . Wourcestre. 
 
 Wourcester. Firste a Provost of the Colledge . 133/. 6s. Sd.
 
 Il8 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Item X Prebendaries and the moste parte of theym 
 preachers, euery of them 26/. 13?. ^.d. by the yere, 
 
 266/. 135. 4^. 
 
 Item a Reader of Dyvynitie .... 20/. 
 
 Item a Reader of Humanytie .... 20/. 
 
 Item xvj students in divinite, x to be founde at Oxenforde 
 and X at Cantabridge, euery of theym 19/. by the 
 yere ...... 160/. os. od. 
 
 Item fourty schollars to be taught both grammar and 
 lodgicke in the Greke and laten tongue, euery of theym 
 66*. 8(/. by the yere .... 133/. 6.9. %d. 
 
 Item a scholemaster for the same schollers . 20/. 05. od. 
 
 Item an Ussher . . . . . 10/. o*. od. 
 
 Item viij petycanons to serve and synge in the quyre 
 
 euery of theym 10/. by yere . . . 80/. o*. od. 
 
 Item vj laymen to serve and synge in the quyre, euery of 
 
 theym 61. 13*. 4^/. by the yere . . 40/. o*. od. 
 
 Item X chorysters, euery of theym 66*. id. by yere 33/. 6*. id. 
 
 Item a master of the Chyldern . . .10/. os. od. 
 
 Item a Gospeller . . . .61. os. od. 
 
 Item a Pystoler . . . . . 5/. o*. od. 
 
 Item ii Sextens . . . . .61. 135. 4(/. 
 
 Item X pore men beyng olde serving men decayed by the 
 warres and in the kynges service, euery of theym 
 61. 3.9. ^d. by the yere . . . 66/. 13.9. ^d. 
 
 Item to be dystrybuted in almes yerly amongst pore 
 
 howsholders. .... 40/. o*. iic^. 
 
 Item for yerly Reparacions . . . 40/. o*. od. 
 
 Item to be employde yerly for makyng and mendyng of 
 
 higheways ..... 40/. o*. od. 
 
 Item a stewarde of the Lands, yerly , . 61. 13*. ^d. 
 
 Item to an Audytour . . . .10/. os. od. 
 
 Item to ij Porters to kepe the gate and to shave the 
 
 Company, by yere . . . .10/. o*. od. 
 
 Item to one Chief Butler for his wages and diet . 4/. 13*. 4^. 
 
 Item to an Under Butler for his wages and dyett 3/. 6s. Sd. 
 
 Item to one Chief Cooke for his wages and dyetts 4/. 13.9. 40?.
 
 WORCESTER. 
 
 119 
 
 Item to an Under Cooke for his wages and diett 3/. 6s. %d. 
 
 Item for the Provost expenses in Receyvyng and Survey- 
 ing the Londs yerly . . . .10/. o.v. od. 
 
 Item to a Cator to bye their dietts for his wages and 
 dyetts and to make his books of his Rekenyngs, by 
 yere . . . . . .61. ly. 6d. 
 
 Wigornia . . . 1290/. lo.v. 6^d. 
 
 Porciones deducte . . 1190/. 6s. 8d. 
 
 Remanet . . . 100/. 3.';. lofc/. 
 
 f. 41. Wiircetour. 
 Fyrst a Deane for the corps of his 
 
 promotion . . . 32/. 19,?. 
 
 Item 5j.\ 6d. by day . . 100/. 7.?. 
 
 Item X Prebendaryes, ech of them in 
 
 corps, 7/. 16.V. 8f/. . . 78/. 6s. 
 
 Item to ech of theym Sd. by day in 
 
 diuident . . .121/. 13.?. 
 
 [erasecf] Item a reder in diuinitie 
 Item xij studentes 
 Item xl" children ech of them four marks 
 Item a scolemaister and an ussher 
 Item tenne peticanons 10/. a pece 
 Item viij lay men 6/. 13.V. ^d. a pece 
 Item xij choristers with the Master 
 Item a Gospeler and epistoler 8/. a pece 
 Item ij Sextens eche of theym 6/. 
 Item X pore men, ech one 6/. 
 Item yerely to be distributed in almes 
 Item in mending of high wayes 
 Item in reparacions yerely 
 Item a Steward of landes 
 Item an Auditour 
 Item ij porters . 
 Item ij Butlers and two Cookes 
 Item a Catour . 
 Item in expenses for receiyving of landes 
 
 8(/. 
 
 4.d.} 
 
 133/. 6s. Sd. 
 
 200/. OS. od. 
 
 20/. 
 66/. 8^. 4f/. 
 106/. 13.?. ^d. 
 30/. OS. od. 
 100/. o*. od. 
 53/. 6s. Sd. 
 43/. 6s. 8d. 
 16/. OS. od. 
 111. OS. od. 
 60/. OS. od. 
 40/. o^. od. 
 40/. o.y. od. 
 10/. o.v. od. 
 61. 135. 4c^. 
 61. 13.9. ^d. 
 10/. o.v. od. 
 20/. o.v. od. 
 61. OS. od. 
 10/. O.V. od.
 
 I20 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Item in extraordinary charges . . , 30/. o.?. od. 
 
 Summa totalis of all charges [erased'] 11 13/. i6.v. 4^/. 
 
 1096/. 8.V. 4f/. 
 The Summe of deductions . 252/. is. 6d. 
 And so resteth chargeable with the tenthes and first 
 
 fruts ...... 861/. 15,?. lod. 
 
 For tenth . . . . . loi/. 7.9. i^d. 
 
 For the fruts ..... 50/. I4.«. lo^d. 
 
 152/. OS. 9^rf. 
 And soe for the mayntenance of all charges It may 
 please the Kyngs maiestie to endowe the church 
 with .... [erased] 1265/. 19.?. ii^d. 
 
 1248/. 9,?. I i^d. 
 
 1541, Dec. 7. Appointment by King Henry VIII. 
 of the first Master of the Cathedral Grammar School. 
 
 [Lett, and Pa., Henry VIII., vol. xvi., No. 1421.] 
 
 To our trustie and right welbeloved cun seller Sir Richard 
 Riche, Knight, Chauncellor of Thaugmentations of the Revenues 
 of our crowne. 
 
 By the King. 
 
 Trustie and right welbiloved we greate youe well. And under- 
 standing by the credeable reporte of diverse of our chapelaynes 
 that this bringer John Pether is a person boothe for his learning 
 and also for his sobrietie very mete and apte to be by us 
 appointed Scolemaster in somme Cathedral Collegiate churche to 
 be newly by us erected and established Calling to our remem- 
 braunce that our Cathedrall Churche at Worcester shalbe shortely 
 established and mynistres and other officers therein appointed 
 these shalbe therefore to advertise youe that we have nominated 
 and appointed the foresaid John Pether, Scolemaster of our said 
 Cathedrall churche of Worcester, to exercise and enioy the same 
 rowme withe the yerely salarye and other dueties therunto 
 belongingc during our pleasure. Wherefore we woll and require
 
 WORCESTER. 121 
 
 youe to see that the saide John Pether may be presently admitted 
 unto the said rovvme of Scolemaster. Any other personne 
 assigned or nominated heretofore to the same in anywise notwith 
 standing. 
 
 Yevin under our Signet at our manor of Otelende the 
 7"' day of Decembre the ^2"^ 7^^^ of our reigne. 
 
 1544, 31 July. Statutes of the Re-founded Cathedral 
 Church relative to the position of the Grammar and Song 
 Schools and University Exhibitioners. 
 
 Henry VIII. King [etc.], to all [etc.], Greeting. 
 Whereas it seemed good to us and the great men of our 
 realm and to all the senate whom we call Parliament, God there- 
 unto as we believe moving us, to suppress, abolish and to convert 
 to better uses the monasteries which existed everywhere in our 
 
 realm, because of their grave and manifold enormities, as 
 
 for other just and reasonable causes ; We, thinking it more in 
 conformity with the divine will and most for the christian common- 
 wealth that where ignorance and superstition reigned there the 
 true worship of God should flourish and the holy gospel of 
 Christ be assiduously and in purity preached ; and further that 
 for the increase of Christian faith and piety the youth of our realm 
 may be instructed in good literature and the poor for ever main- 
 tained, we have in place of the same monasteries erected and 
 established churches, some of which we will shall be called 
 cathedrals and others collegiate churches ; for the governance 
 and rule of which churches we have caused to be drawn up the 
 laws and statutes which follow, which the Deans and Canons of 
 both orders and all the other ministers, boys and poor, who are 
 to dwell in the same churches shall obey and observe, and be 
 ruled and governed by them as being established and made by 
 us, which if they do we surely trust that a great increase of piety 
 in this our realm will result, and we shall by no means be deceived 
 in the expectation and desire with which to the greatest glory of 
 the most excellent God and the increase in the Christian faith we 
 
 R
 
 122 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 have erected these churches and adorned them with different 
 orders of ministers. 
 
 Of the number of those who shall be maintained in the 
 cathedral church of Worcester. 
 
 First we decree that there shall be for ever in the said church 
 a Dean, lo Canons, lo Minor Canons, a Deacon, a Sub-Deacon, 
 8 lay clerks, a master of the choristers, lo choristers, two Infor- 
 mators of boys in grammar, of whom one shall be the teacher, 
 and the other the under-teacher, 40 boys to be taught grammar, 
 10 poor to be maintained at the expense of the church, 2 vergers 
 (wand-bearers) , 2 sextons (subsacrists) , two porters, of who one shall 
 be also barber, two butchers, one manciple, a cook, an undercook ; 
 who shall to the number aforesaid each in his rank sedulously 
 serve in the same church according to our statutes and ordinances. 
 
 15. Of the pay of the Dean and Canons. 
 
 We know that the virtue of hospitality is by far the most 
 grateful to God ; wherefore that the Dean and Canons of our 
 church may more easily practise it. We order and decree that the 
 Dean shall in each year receive for the body of his Deanery by 
 the hands of the Treasurer 30/. 19.?. id, of lawful money of 
 England. Every Canon shall each year receive for the body of 
 his Canonry 7/. 16,?. 8^. 
 
 Further we order and will that the Dean for every day on 
 which he is present at the whole office of mattlns or vespers 
 clothed in a manner befitting the choir, and also for every day on 
 which he shall be absent by leave of our statutes, shall receive 
 from our church 55. 6d. 
 
 Likewise we decree and will that every Canon shall for every 
 day on which he is present [as above] or absent [as above], shall 
 receive %d. 
 
 We will also that all the stipends of Deans and Canons 
 and all other ministers shall be accounted for and paid in each 
 term of the year, viz., at Michaelmas, Christmas, Lady Day, 
 Midsummerday ; besides the monies which ought to be accounted 
 for to the ministers for their board and commons, and the money
 
 WORCESTER. 123 
 
 which yearly accrues through the absence of the Deans and 
 Canons and is to be divided among those present. 
 
 This sum is to be thus collected. The Precentor for the time 
 being shall note faithfully the days on which the Dean and 
 Canons are away. For any day's absence 5^'. 6d. will be deducted 
 from the Dean, and from the Canons 8f/., and be retained by the 
 Treasurer, and this sum so accruing from the absence of the 
 Dean and Canons shall at the end of the year, that is, at Michael- 
 mas, be divided by a proper distribution between the resident 
 Dean and the resident Prebendaries. By resident we mean those 
 who are present at Divine services according to the statutes and 
 maintain a separate household there for 2 1 days continuously in 
 the year ; of this dividend, we will the Dean to receive double, 
 that is if a resident Canon received for his share of the dividend 
 8f/. the Dean shall receive i6d. 
 
 25. The Choristers and their Master. 
 
 "We decree and ordain that in our church aforesaid there shall 
 be at the election or nomination of the Dean, or in his absence 
 the Subdean, and Chapter, 10 choristers, boys of tender age 
 with clear voices and fit to sing, to serve the choir, minister, 
 and sing. For their instruction and education as well in 
 modesty of behaviour as in skill in singing, we will that 
 besides the 8 clerks before-named, one shall be elected by 
 the Dean [etc.] and Chapter, of good character, upright life and 
 skilled in singing and playing the organ, to diligently employ 
 himself in teaching the boys in playing the organ at the proper 
 time and singing divine service. And if he shall be found 
 negligent or idle in teaching he shall after three warnings be 
 deposed from office. And he shall be bound by oath faithfully 
 to discharge his office. 
 
 26. Of the Grammar Boys and their Teachers. 
 
 That piety and good letters may in our church aforesaid for 
 ever blossom, grow, flower and in their time bear fruit for the 
 glory of God and the advantage and adornment of the common- 
 wealth, we decree and ordain that there shall always be in our
 
 124 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 church of Worcester, elected and nominated by the Dean or in 
 his absence the Sub-dean and Chapter, to be maintained out of 
 the possessions of the church, 40 boys, poor and destitute of the 
 help of their friends, of native genius as far as may be and apt to 
 learn. We do not wish however that they shall be admitted as 
 poor boys of our church before they have learnt to read and write 
 and are moderately learned in the first rudiments of grammar, in 
 the opinion of the Dean, or in his absence the Sub-dean, and the 
 Head Master ; 
 
 And we will that these boys shall be maintained at the 
 expense of our church until they have obtained a moderate 
 knowledge of Latin and have learnt to speak and to write Latin. 
 The period of four years shall be given to this, or if it shall so 
 seem good to the Dean or in his absence the Sub-dean, and the 
 Headmaster, at most five years and not more. 
 
 We will further, that none shall be elected a poor scholar of 
 our church who has not completed the ninth year or has passed 
 the fifteenth year of his age, unless he has been a chorister of our 
 church of Worcester. 
 
 But if any of the boys is found to be of remarkable slowness 
 and stupidity or of a character to which learning is abhorrent, we 
 will that after a long probation he shall be expelled by the Dean, 
 or in his absence the Sub-dean, and another substituted, lest like 
 a drone he should devour the bees' honey. And here we charge 
 the consciences of the masters that they shall bestow the utmost 
 possible labour and pains in making all the boys progress and 
 become proficient in learning ; and that they allow no boy who is 
 remarkable for the slowness of his intellect to remain uselessly 
 too long among the rest, but shall report his name at once to the 
 Dean, or in his absence the Sub-dean, so that he may be removed 
 and another more fit be elected in his place by the Dean, or in 
 his absence the Sub-dean, and Chapter. 
 
 We decree also that the Dean, or in his absence the Sub-dean, 
 and Chapter shall elect one learned in Latin and Greek, of good 
 character and pious life, endowed with the faculty of teaching, to 
 instruct in piety and adorn with good learning those 40 boys of 
 our church and all others whatsoever who come to our school to
 
 WORCESTER. I25 
 
 learn. He shall hold the primacy in our school and be called the 
 Head Master or Chief Teacher. 
 
 In the second place we will that the Dean [etc. as above] 
 shall choose another of good character and pious life, learned in 
 Latin and endowed with the faculty of teaching, to teach the 
 boys under the Head Master the first rudiments of grammar, 
 and therefore to be called the Lower Master or Second Teacher. 
 
 These two teachers of the boys we will shall diligently and 
 faithfully follow the rules and order of teaching which the Dean 
 and Chapter shall think fit to prescribe. But if they are idle or 
 negligent or found unfit to teach they shall after three warnings 
 by the Dean and Chapter be removed and deposed from office. 
 And they shall promise on oath that they will faithfldly perform 
 all things belonging to their Rmction. 
 
 29. Of the Common Table of all the Ministers. 
 
 That those who meet together and praise God together in 
 choir may also eat together and praise God together at table, we 
 will and ordain that both the minor canons and all ministers in 
 the choir and also the grammar boys' masters and all other 
 inferior ministers of our church, also the boys learning music and 
 grammar shall, if possible, eat and dine together at the same time 
 in a Common Hall. In this Hall the Precentor, or in his 
 absence the first admitted Minor Canon, shall occupy the first 
 seat at the upper table, then the Head Master and other Minor 
 Canons, and the Master of the Choristers. In the second rank 
 shall sit the Deacon and Sub-deacon, the 1 2 clerks and the 
 Under Master. In the third rank shall sit the grammar boys 
 and choristers. At the second dinner shall sit the sextons, 
 butlers, porters, cook and manciple. 
 
 The Precentor shall be Censor or overseer of manners in hall, 
 or in his absence the Senior Minor Canon, and shall rebuke any 
 grown-up person who behaves badly, but the boys shall be 
 rebuked only by their masters, that all may be done in hall in 
 silence, order and decency. 
 
 We will nevertheless and grant that the Dean, or in his 
 absence the Sub-dean, shall be free to assign and cause to be
 
 126 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 delivered to the married clerks of our church, and to any others 
 who are ill, a portion of their money for their living and 
 commons ; 
 
 We allow too a portion of the money to be assigned for their 
 food or commons to the priests and clerks, and also to the boys 
 learning music and grammar who have their living given them 
 gratis in the church, to be delivered to them, on condition 
 that they pay weekly something according to the Dean and 
 Chapter's discretion for the common table of their colleagues. 
 We decree and ordain also that the Treasurer of our church shall 
 at the beginning of every month pay the monthly steward for the 
 table and commons of all those dining together, after this rate ; 
 viz. for those eating in the first rank, that is for each Minor 
 Canon, the Head Teacher of the grammar boys and the Master 
 of the Choristers, 45. 8f/. a month ; for the table and commons of 
 those eating together in the second rank, namely the clerks and 
 Under Teacher of the grammar boys, 4^. id. ; for the table and 
 commons of those eating together in the third rank, namely for 
 each grammar boy and chorister, 3.y. ^^.d, a month ; lastly for 
 those sitting at the second dinner, namely sextons [etc.], 4.V. a 
 month. . . . 
 
 30. Of the clothing of the Ministers, which they call Liveries. 
 
 We decree and will that the minor canons, clerks, and other 
 ministers of our church, the choristers also and grammar boys, 
 and 10 poor use outer garments of the same as far as possible or 
 of similar colour, -and all those we have mentioned shall receive 
 to make their outer garments cloth after the fashion here 
 prescribed : Each Minor Canon and the Upper Grammar 
 Teacher 4 yards of cloth for their gowns at 5*-. a yard. The 
 master of the choristers, for his clothing, 3 yards of cloth at 5^-. a 
 yard ; the Deacon, Sub-deacon, each clerk, and Under Grammar 
 Teacher for their clothes, 3 yards of cloth at 45. 6d. a yard ; the 
 other ministers, viz.. Sextons, Butlers, Porters, Manciple, and 
 Cook, shall each for himself receive 3 yards of cloth at 3^. ^d. a 
 yard ; each chorister and grammar boy, and the under cook, 25 
 yards at 3*. ^d. a yard ; lastly, each poor man 3 yards at 3i-. ^d.
 
 WORCESTER. 
 
 127 
 
 a yard. Whoever does not get the cloth thus given him properly 
 fitted and made up, and does not use it through the greater part 
 of the year, shall be adjudged unworthy of our bounty, and be 
 compelled to repay a like sum out of his wages to our church, 
 and this cloth and the livery gowns shall be provided every year 
 by the Dean of our church, or in his absence the Vice-Dean, and 
 Receiver for the time being, and they shall deliver his share to 
 every one before Christmas, so that they may celebrate the 
 birthday of our Lord Jesus Christ with new clothes and new 
 minds. The Poor men shall always wear on the left shoulder of 
 their gowns a rose made of red silk, and whenever they go into 
 the temple of the church or elsewhere in public shall always be 
 clad in their gowns. 
 
 31. Of the stipends of the ministers of our church. 
 
 We decree and will that besides the commons and liveries 
 above assigned there shall be paid out of the common possessions 
 of our church to all the ministers of our church, by the hands of 
 the treasurer, at each term of the year by equal portions, stipends 
 at the following rate, viz., to : — 
 
 Each minor canon for his portion . . 5/. 2s. od. 
 
 The Upper Teacher of Grammar . . 15/. 2s. od. 
 
 The Master of the Choristers . . . 1 1/. 13.9. 8(/. 
 
 The Lower Teacher of Grammar . . 6/. 5*-. lod. 
 
 The Deacon . . . . .4/. 5.?. lod. 
 
 The Subdeacon . . . . .4/. ^s. lod. 
 
 Each clerk . . . . .2/. 19*-. 2d. 
 
 Each of the Vergers . . . .3/. o*. od. 
 
 Each of the Sextons . . . .2/. 18^. od. 
 
 Each of the Butlers . . . .1/. iSs. od. 
 
 One of the Porters who is also Barber . . 2/. i8.s'. od. 
 
 The other of the Porters . . • . i/. i8.s-.Of/. 
 
 The Manciple . . , . . i/. 185. od. 
 
 The Cook . , . . . il. iSs. od. 
 
 Each of the choristers .... i^s.od. 
 
 Each of the Grammar Boys ... i*. 8rf. 
 
 Each of the 10 Poor men . , .4/. los. od.
 
 128 
 
 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 The Under-cook 
 
 The Vice Dean 
 
 The Receiver 
 
 The Treasurer . 
 
 The Precentor . 
 
 The Sacrist 
 
 The Steward or Clerk of the lands 
 
 The Auditor 
 
 32- 
 
 Of the celebration of D 
 
 il. \os. od. 
 2/. 13.?. ^d. 
 
 5/. o^. od. 
 2/. 14*. 46?. 
 
 il. OS. od. 
 
 2/. o*. od. 
 
 3/. 6^. 8f/. 
 
 4/. OS. od. 
 
 vine Service. 
 
 That Prayers and petitions may continually be done in our 
 church decently and in order, and that every day the praise of 
 God may be celebrated with singing and thanksgiving, We 
 decree and ordain that the minor canons and clerks, with the 
 deacon and subdeacon and the master of the choristers, shall 
 perform the divine offices in the choir of our temple, after the 
 fashion and rites of other cathedral churches ; except that we do 
 not wish them to be bound to sing offices in the night. 
 
 We order also that every day, as well fast days as others, 
 mass of the Holy Ghost shall be celebrated in the temple early in 
 the morning at 6 o'clock, in a place to be assigned for that pur- 
 pose by the Dean. Moreover we will that on all principal feasts, 
 the Dean, and on the greater doubles the Vice Dean, and on 
 other double feasts the rest of the canons, each in his rank, shall 
 perform the divine offices. We decree also that none of the 
 canons or others ministering in the choir shall enter the 
 choir during the divine offices without a habit proper for the 
 choir. 
 
 We decree further that both teachers of grammar shall be 
 present in choir on feast-days clothed in garments befitting the 
 choir ; one of them having the seat in choir next above the minor 
 canons, and the other next below the minor canons. 
 
 Moreover we will that the grammar boys who are maintained 
 at the expense of the church shall be present in choir on feast- 
 days, and diligently do whatever duty is imposed on them by the 
 Precentor ; unless they have been otherwise directed by the 
 Head Master. And these boys too we will shall on every day
 
 WORCESTER. 1 29 
 
 In the year when the sacred mysteries arc performed at High 
 Mass be present at the elevation of the body of the Lord, and 
 stay there till the singing of the Agnus Dei is done ; and mean- 
 while, two and two, meditate and say the Psalms " Have mercy 
 upon me, O God," and " God be mercifi.il unto us," and the 
 Lord's Prayer and " Out of the deep have I called," with the 
 prayer "Absolve, we beseech thee." 
 
 We will also and decree that as soon as we pass from this 
 light, a funeral service for our soul shall immediately be done in 
 our church of Worcester, all the canons and other ministers of 
 our church, the scholars and poor men being summoned to it, 
 and the day of our death shall be written in the Statute books, 
 so that on the anniversary of that day obsequies and masses shall 
 for all time to come be celebrated for us. 
 
 36. Of the Alms and Students in the Academies. 
 
 [Provisions as to Bedesmen, and 40/. a year for poor, and 40/. 
 a year for roads and bridges.] 
 
 But as the Grammar School, and nearly all the buildings in 
 which we wish the minor canons, clerks, and other ministers of our 
 church to sleep are in a state of ruin, waste, unkempt, and hideous, 
 we allow that the sum of 40/. which is assigned for the repair 
 of roads and bridges, may for two years be applied to restoring 
 the buildings and making them better, more beautifiil, and better 
 fitted for the use for which they are assigned. 
 
 We decree further that from the goods of our church there 
 shall always be maintained 12 poor scholars in the Academies, 
 who shall be continually and diligently occupied in the study of 
 the Liberal Arts and Theology ; viz., 6 in the Academy of 
 Oxford, and six others in the Academy of Cambridge. But 
 we will that no one shall be admitted to receive this our charity 
 who is not above 1 5 and under 20 years of age, and who does not 
 know enough grammar to be fitted and fit to learn the liberal arts. 
 These 1 2 scholars shall always be elected by the Dean, or in his 
 absence the Vice Dean, and Chapter, out of this our school, and 
 sent to the Academy endowed with our stipend to receive the 
 culture of their ability. But if no one is found in his own school 
 fit for this number, we allow the Dean [etc., as above], to choose
 
 130 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 another from elsewhere who is adorned with these qualities, and 
 he must not be a fellow or scholar of any college or house in the 
 said Academies. To these scholars we will different sums to be 
 paid yearly according to the progress of their studies ; viz., until 
 they have obtained the insignia of the Bachelorhood, which we 
 have decreed shall in any case be done within 5 years, 5/. ; 
 Bachelors for the 3 years following, immediately after which we 
 will that they should be adorned with the title of Master of Arts, 
 shall have 6/. Afterward, that they may more fervently attack 
 holy theology, 6/. 13.V. ^d. 
 
 This also we have decreed, that when Bachelors or Masters of 
 Arts, or those adorned with a higher degree, depart or are 
 removed, those who supply their places shall be admitted as 
 scholars of the first order. 
 
 The Dean [etc., as above] shall take care that their paid 
 scholars shall be sent to some fixed place, college, or hall or 
 hostel in one of the Academies, and if they understand and learn 
 for certain that any are negligent, idle, or away from the Academy, 
 or do not guard their reputation from the blot of gross crime, or 
 if any do not become a Bachelor or Master of Arts at the prescribed 
 time, or afterwards shall not work hard at the study of theology ; 
 or have become possessed of 7/. a year beyond our pension, we 
 will they shall be wholly deprived and go without this our pension 
 and stipend. 
 
 Chapter 39. 
 
 Prayers to be said in school in the morning. 
 
 At 6 o'clock in the morning the usher shall go into school, and 
 with all the scholars of the school in turns say the Psalm (xxi.) 
 The King shall rejoice in thy strength, O Lord. Lord have 
 mercy upon us, Christ have mercy upon us, the Lord's Prayer, 
 and lead us not into temptation, etc. O Lord, shew thy mercy 
 upon us, etc. O Lord save the King, etc. Be a strong tower, 
 O Lord, etc. Let the enemy have no advantage, etc. Lord 
 hear our prayer, etc. 
 
 Prayers to be said in school in the evening. 
 
 At 5 o'clock, when about to leave school, they shall say in 
 turns the Psalm (cxxxiv.) Behold, now praise the Lord, etc. Lord
 
 WORCESTER. I3I 
 
 have mercy upon us, Christ [etc.]. Our Father, etc. Rise Lord 
 and help us, etc. Lord of all power and might, etc. [Collect for 
 7th Sunday after Trinity] with the prayer. Lighten our darkness, 
 we beseech thee, O Lord, etc. 
 
 Chapter 40. 
 
 Of the School and Classes, and the order to be observed in it. 
 
 The usual qualities which are found in an architect and other 
 overseers of works in pressing on their work, namely, industry and 
 diligence, ought also to be found in pedagogues and teachers of 
 the tender youth, that they may as it were enter into a friendly 
 conspiracy and contention between themselves to imbue thoroughly 
 the scholars committed to their trust with piety and good letters ; 
 and not to study their own advantage or indulge their own love 
 of ease so much as to look to their proficiency and the public 
 benefit, so that they may be seen to do their duty fairly in every- 
 thing. And this they will be able to do much more successfully 
 if they endeavour sedulously to follow the order we have 
 prescribed. 
 
 The whole number of the scholars shall be divided into five or 
 six ranks or classes. The Under IVIaster shall teach the three 
 lower, and the Head Master the three upper classes. 
 
 No one shall be admitted into the school who cannot read 
 readily, or does not know by heart in the vernacular the Lord's 
 Prayer, the Angelic Salutation, the Apostles' Creed and the Ten 
 Commandments. Those who are wholly ignorant of Grammar 
 shall learn the accidence of nouns and verbs, as it were out of 
 class. When they have learnt these they shall be taken into the 
 First Class. 
 
 In the First Class they shall learn thoroughly by heart the 
 rudiments in English ; they shall learn to put together the parts of 
 speech ; and to turn a short phrase of English into Latin ; and 
 gradually to approach other easy constructions. 
 
 In the Second Class they shall learn a little higher ; they shall 
 know the genders of nouns and the inflections of verbs written in 
 Latin ; they shall run through Cato's verses, Aesop's Fables, and 
 some Familiar Colloquies. 
 
 In the Third Class they shall endeavour to make correct
 
 132 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 varyings on the nouns and anomalous verbs, so that no noun or 
 verb can be found anywhere which they do not know how to 
 inflect in every detail. In this form too they shall make Terence's 
 Comedies, Mantuanus' Eclogues, and other things of that sort 
 thoroughly familiar to them. 
 
 These classes the Under Master shall have the care of, gradu- 
 ally instilling and inculcating the lesser rudiments into his pupils 
 so as to make them fit and prepared to receive higher instruction. 
 
 The usher shall come into school at 6 a.m. and immediately 
 after saying the prayers to God which we have prescribed, shall 
 make his scholars say by heart daily one of the eight parts oi 
 speech until they are ready in each. Nor shall he omit on any 
 other day to dictate to his pupils an English sentence, and that a 
 short one, which he shall teach them to turn exactly into Latin, 
 and to write it carefully in their parchment note-books. 
 
 In anything to be done in the school the Under Master shall 
 be subject to and shall obey the Head Master ; and shall consult 
 him on the method and plan of teaching ; so that they may both 
 agree in their zeal for the profit of the scholars. Both too shall 
 endeavour to teach their pupils to speak openly, finely and dis- 
 tinctly, keeping due decorum both with their body and their 
 mouth. 
 
 In the Fourth Form the boys shall be taught to know the 
 Latin syntax readily ; and shall be practised in the stories of poets, 
 and familiar letters of learned men and the like. 
 
 In the Fifth Form they shall commit to memory the Figures 
 of Latin Oratory and the rules for making verses ; and at the same 
 time shall be practised in making verses and polishing themes ; 
 then they shall be versed in translating the chasest Poets and the 
 best Historians. 
 
 Lastly, in the Sixth Form they shall be instructed in the 
 formulas of the Copiousness of Words and Things written by 
 Erasmus ; and learn to master varyings of speech in every mood, 
 so that they may acquire the faculty of speaking Latin, as far as is 
 possible for boys. Meanwhile they shall taste Horace, Cicero 
 and other authors of that class. Meanwhile they shall compete 
 with one another in declamations so that they may leave well 
 learned in the school of argument.
 
 WORCESTER. I33 
 
 These classes principally the Head Master shall try to polish 
 in Latin. 
 
 He shall come into school by 7 o'clock to perform his duty of 
 teaching thoroughly. He shall too every other day make some 
 Enghsh sentence into Latin and teach the flock committed to him 
 to change it into many forms. 
 
 Moreover let him understand that he has charge of the whole 
 school. So every week he ought to visit the whole flock, once, 
 twice or three times, and diligently test the abilities of the scholars, 
 and ascertain their progress in learning. If he shall prove any of 
 them after testing them in every way to be slow and wholly 
 strangers to the Muses, he shall warn their friends not to let them, 
 being wholly unfit for letters, waste their time in vain and fill the 
 places of others. But those he shall find to be fit and industrious 
 he shall, at least three times a year, call up to the higher forms, 
 namely fi-om the first to the second, from the second to the third, 
 and so on as each shall be thought fit. This shall be done in the 
 presence of and after consultation with the Under Master in the 
 case of those who are entrusted to his care. 
 
 Moreover at 6 p.m. the scholars shall return to school and 
 until 7 p.m. shall do their repetition and render to their fellow- 
 pupils who have become ripe in learning, several masters also 
 being present, whatever they have learnt through the day. 
 
 When leave to play is given they shall play and sport together, 
 not wandering about here and there, lest they incur loss of character, 
 and their minds become set upon other things, and estranged 
 fi-om learning. And they shall not practise any games which are 
 not of a gentlemanly appearance and free of all lowness. 
 
 Lastly, whatever they are doing in earnest or in play they 
 shall never use any language but Latin or Greek. 
 
 Of the validity and force of these statutes. 
 
 We Nicholas [Heath], Bishop of Worcester, George [Day], 
 Bishop of Chester, and Richard Cox, Archdeacon of Ely, at the 
 command and in the name of our most dread lord King 
 Henry VIIL [etc.] deliver to you the Dean, Canons and all other 
 ministers of the said church of Worcester, these statutes to be
 
 134 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 diligently and bona fide observed, in the 36th year of the same 
 lord the king and the last day of July. 
 
 Confirmation under Edward VI. 
 Whereas the authority of the statutes issued by the authority 
 of the unconquered Prince of pious memory Henry VIII. has 
 been called in question, we Richard Morison [etc.] general com- 
 missioners of the most illustrious Prince Edward VI. [etc.] to hold 
 a royal visitation throughout the diocese of Worcester, pronounce 
 and decree in favour of their force and value ; and that the same 
 shall be inviolably observed by all and every the ministers of that 
 cathedral church under the penalties therein contained ; we allow, 
 however, the Dean and every Canon all privileges, advantages and 
 emoluments whatsoever before granted to them, or any of them 
 by sufficient royal authority. 
 
 Henri cus Octavus, Dei gratia Angliae Franciae et Hiberniae 
 Rex, Fidei Defensor, ac in terra Ecclesiae Anglicanae et Hibernicae 
 supremum Caput, Universis sanctae Matris Ecclesiae Filiis, ad 
 quorum notitiam praesens Scriptum pervenerit, Salutem. 
 
 Cum et nobis et regni Proceribus nostri universoque Senatui 
 (quern Parliamentum vocamus) visum sit (Deo ut confidimus, 
 nos hue movente), Monasteria, quae passim in Regno nostro 
 extabant, turn propter graves ac multiplices illorum enormitates 
 turn ob alias justas, rationabilesque causas supprimere abolere et 
 in meliores usus convertere, Nos, et divinae voluntati conformius, 
 et maxime in rem Christianam esse ducentes, ut, ubi ignorantia et 
 superstitio regnabant, ibi sincerus Dei cultus vigeat, et sanctum 
 Christi Evangelium assidue et pure annuncietur, et praeterea, ut 
 ad Christianae Fidei et Pietatis incrementum Juventus Regni 
 nostri in bonis literis instituatur, et Pauperes perpetuo sustententur, 
 in ipsorum Monasteriorum loco ecclesias ereximus ac constituimus, 
 quarum alias Cathedrales, alias Collegiatas vocari volumus. Pro 
 quarum Ecclesiarum gubernatione et regimine Leges et Statuta 
 quae sequuntur praescribenda curavimus : quibus tam Decani et 
 utriusque ordinis Canonici, quam caeteri omnes Ministri, Pueri et 
 Pauperes, qui in ipsis Ecclesiis commoraturi sunt, pareant et 
 obsequantur, iisque ut a nobis conditis et perfectis regantur
 
 WORCESTER. I35 
 
 et gubernentur ; id quod si fecerint, ingens sane pietatis incre- 
 mentum in hoc Regno nostro proventuriini esse confidimus ; et 
 Nos expectatione ac voto nostro, qui ad Dei optimi maximi 
 gloriam ac Fidei Christianae augmentuni eas Ecclesias ereximus, 
 et variis Ministorum Ordinibus exornavimus, baud quaquam 
 fraudabimur. 
 
 Caput I. 
 
 De numero integro eorum qui in Ecclesia Cathedrali 
 Wigorniensi sustentantur. 
 In primis statuimus et ordinamus ut sint perpetuo in 
 dicta Ecclesia, unus Decanus, decern Canonici, decern minores 
 Canonici, unus Diaconus, unus Subdiaconus, octo Clerici laici, 
 unus Magister Choristarum, decern Choristae, duo Informatores 
 Puerorum in Grammatica, quorum unus sit Praeceptor, alter 
 Subpraeceptor, quadraginta Pueri in Grammatica erudiendi, decern 
 Pauperes de sumptibus dictae Ecclesiae alendi, duo Virgiferi, duo 
 Sub-sacristae, duo Janitores, quorum unus et Barbae-tonsor erit, 
 duo Pincernae, unus Obsonator, unus Coquus, unus Sub-coquus ; 
 qui quidem in eadem Ecclesia numero praescripto, unusquisque in 
 suo ordine,juxta Statuta et Ordinationes nostras sedulo inserviant. 
 
 Caput XV. 
 De stipendio Decani et Canonicorum. 
 Novimus Hospitalitatis virtutem Deo esse longe gratissimam ; 
 quam ut Decanus et Canonici Ecclesiae nostrae facilius exerceant, 
 statuimus et ordinamus ut Decanus recipiat singulis annis pro 
 corpore Decanatus sui per manus Thesaurarii triginta duas libras, 
 novemdecim solidos, et duos denarlos, legitimae monetae Angliae. 
 Quilibet vero Canonicus recipiat singulis annis pro corpore Prae- 
 bendae suae per manus Thesaurarii septem libras, sexdecim 
 solidos, et octo denarios, legitimae monetae Angliae. Praeterea 
 ordinamus et volumus ut Decanus pro singulis diebus, quibus vel 
 integris matutinis vel vespertinis Officiis, insignibus Choro con- 
 venientibus indutus, interest, ac etiam pro singulis diebus illis, 
 quibus abest per statutorum nostrorum permissionem, recipiat ab 
 Ecclesia nostra quinque solidos et sex denarios legitimae monetae 
 Angliae. Haud secus statuimus et volumus ut quilibet Canonicus
 
 136 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 pro singulis diebus, quibus iiitegris matutinis vel vespertinis 
 Officiis, insignibus Choro convenientibus indutus, interest, ac 
 etiam pro singulis diebus illis, quibus abest per Statutorum 
 nostrorum permissionem, recipiat ab Ecclesia nostra octo denarios 
 legitimae monetae Angliae. Volumus autem ut singulis anni 
 terminis, scilicet ad festum Michaelis, ad Nativitatem Christi, ad 
 Annuntiationem beatae Mariae Virginis, ad festum Sancti Johannis 
 Baptistae, stipendia omnia tam Decano et Canonicis, quam aliis 
 Ministris omnibus, numerentur et solvantur, praeter pecunias 
 illas quae Ministris pro mensa et communiis singulis mensibus 
 numerari debent, et praeter illam pecuniam, quae quotannis 
 accessit ex absentia Decani et Canonicorum, et inter praesentes 
 dividenda est. Cujus quidem pecuniae summa sic colligenda est, 
 Praecentor qui pro tempore fuerit, notet fideliter dies quibus 
 absunt Decanus et Canonici. Decano pro singulis diebus 
 absentiae suae auferantur quinque solidi sex denarii ; cuilibet 
 Canonico pro singulis diebus absentiae suae auferantur octo 
 denarii; et penes Thesaurariumdetineantur. Atque haec summa, 
 sic ex Decani et Canonicorum absentia accrescens, in fine anni, id 
 est, in festo Michaelis congrua distributione inter Decanum resi- 
 dentem et Praebendarios residentes dividatur. Residentes vero 
 interpretamur eos, qui et dies viginti unum continues quotannis 
 divinis Officiis juxta normam Statutorum intersunt, et familiam 
 ibidem seorsim alunt. Ex ipsa autem dividentia volumus Decanum 
 duplum accipere, hoc est, si Canonicus residens pro portione sua 
 recipiat ex dividentia octo denarios, Decanus recipiat sexdecim 
 denarios. 
 
 Caput XXV. 
 
 De Choristis et ipsorum numero et Magistro. 
 
 Statuimus et ordinamus ut in Ecclesia nostra praedicta ad 
 electionem et designationem Decani, aut (eo absente) Vice-Decani 
 et Capituli sint decem Choristae, pueri tenerae aetatis et vocibus 
 sonoris et ad cantandum aptis, qui Choro inserviant, ministrent et 
 cantent. Ad hos instruendos atque imbuendos, tam morum 
 modestia quam canendi peritia, volumus ut per Decanum, aut (eo 
 absente) Vice Decanum et Capitulum, praeter octo Clericos ante
 
 WORCESTER. 1 37 
 
 nominatos, unus eligatur, qui sit honestae famae, vitae probae, 
 caiitandi et Organa pulsaiidi peritus, qui pueris doceiidis, organis 
 pulsandis suo tempore, et Divinis Officiis cantandis studiose vacabit. 
 Quod si iiegligens, aut in docendo desidiosus inveniatur, post 
 trinam monitionem ab officio deponatur ; qui quidem ad officium 
 fideliter obeundum etiam juramento adigetur. 
 
 Caput XXVI. 
 
 De pueris Grammaticis et eorum Informatoribus. 
 
 Ut pietas et bonae Literae perpetuo in Ecclesia nostra sup- 
 
 pullescant, crescant, floreant, et suo tempore in gloriam Dei et 
 
 Reipublicae commodum et ornamentum fructificent, statuimus et 
 
 ordinamusutadelectionem et designationem Decani aut (eo absente) 
 
 Vice Decani et Capituli sint perpetuo in Ecclesia nostra Wigorn- 
 
 iensi quadraginta Pueri, pauperes et amicorum ope destituti, de 
 
 bonis Ecclesiae nostrae alendi, ingeniis, quoad fieri potest, ad 
 
 discendum natis et aptis. Quos tamen admitti nolumus in 
 
 pauperes pueros Ecclesiae nostrae antequam noverint legere, 
 
 scribere et mediocriter calluerint prima Grammaticae rudimenta, 
 
 idque judicio Decani et Archididascali. Atque hos pueros 
 
 volumus impensis Ecclesiae nostrae ali, donee mediocrem Latinae 
 
 Grammaticae notitiam adepti fuerint, et latine loqui et latine 
 
 scribere didicerint : cui rei dabitur quatuor annorum spatium, 
 
 aut, si ita Decano et Archididascalo visum sit, ad summum 
 
 quinque, et non amplius. Volumus autem, ut nuUus, nisi 
 
 Ecclesiae Wigorniensis Chorista fuerit, in pauperem discipulum 
 
 Ecclesiae nostrae Wigorniensis eligatur, qui nonum aetatis suae 
 
 annum non compleverit, vel qui decimum quintum aetatis annum 
 
 excesserit. Quod si quis puerorum insigni tarditate et hebetudine 
 
 notabilis sit, aut natura a literis abhorrenti, hunc, post multam 
 
 probationem, volumus per Decanum expelli et alio amandari, ne 
 
 veluti fucus apum mella devoret. Atque hie conscientiam Inform- 
 
 atorum oneramus, ut quantam maximam potuerint operam et 
 
 diligentlam adhibeant, quo pueri omnes in literis progrediantur et 
 
 proficiant, et ne quem puerum, tarditatis vitio insigniter notaum, 
 
 inter caeteros diutius inutiliter haerere sinant, quin illius nonicn 
 
 Statim Decano deferant ; ut, eo amoto, ad illius locum aptior per 
 
 T
 
 138 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Decanum aut (eo absente) Vice-Decanum et Capitulum, eligatur. 
 Statuimus praeterea, ut per Decanum aut (eo absente) Vice- 
 Decanum et Capitulum unus eligatur, Latine et Graece doctus, 
 bonae famae et piae vitae, docendi facultate imbutus, qui tarn 
 quadraginta illos Ecclesiae nostrae pueros, quam alios quoscunque 
 grammaticam discendi gratia ad Scholam nostram confluentes, 
 pietate excolat et bonis Uteris exornet. Hie in Schola nostra primas 
 obtineat, et Archi-didascalus sive praecipuus Informator esto. 
 Rursum per Decanum aut (eo absente) Vice-Decanum et Capi- 
 tulum volumus virum alterum eligi bonae famae et piae vitae, 
 latine doctum, docendique facilitate imbutum, qui sub Archi- 
 didascalo pueros docebit, prima scilicet grammatices rudimenta, et 
 proinde Hypodidascalus sive Secundarius Informator appellabitur. 
 Hos vero Informatores puerorum volumus, ut regulis et docendi 
 ordini, quem Decanus et Capitulum praescribendum duxerint, 
 diligenter et fideliter obsecundent. Quod si desidiosi, aut negli- 
 gentes, aut minus ad docendum apti inveniantur, post trinam 
 monitionem a Decano et Capitulo, amoveantur et ab officio 
 deponantur. Omnia autem ad functionem suam spectantia sese 
 fideliter praestituros, juramento promittent. 
 
 Caput XXIX. 
 De Communi Mensa omnium Ministrorum. 
 Ut qui una conveniunt, et una Deum laudant in Choro, una 
 etiam comedant, et una Deum laudent in Mensa, Statuimus et 
 volumus, ut tam minores Canonici et Ministri omnes in Choro, 
 quam Puerorum grammaticorum Informatores, et alii omnes 
 inferiores Ecclesiae nostrae Ministri, Pueri etiam musicam et 
 grammaticam discentes, si commode fieri potest, in communi 
 Aula simul comedant et epulentur. In qua quidem Aula Prae- 
 centor vel (eo absente) primus admissione minor Canonicus in 
 superiori mensa primus accumbat ; deinde Archididascalus et 
 caeteri minores Canonici et Magister Choristarum. In secundo 
 ordine sedeant Diaconus et Sub-Diaconus, octo Clerici et 
 Hypodidascalus. In tertio ordine sedeant Pueri grammatici et 
 Choristae. In secundo prandio sedeant Sub-Sacristae, Pincernae, 
 Janitores, Coquus et Obsonator. Morum censor in aula erit
 
 WORCESTER. I39 
 
 Praecentor, aut (eo absente) primus admissione minor Canonicus, 
 qui viros immorigeratos arguet ; pueros autem argueiit etiam 
 ipsorum Praeceptores, ut omnia cum silentio, ordine et decore 
 agantur in Aula. 
 
 [A Yearly Steward to be elected by the two first ranks, to 
 provide stores for the common table, and each to take it in turn 
 to act as monthly steward to supervise the manciple's purchase of 
 provisions.] 
 
 Volumus nihilominus, et liberum esse concedimus Decano, aut 
 (eo absente) Vice-Decano, ut Clericis Ecclesiae nostrae conjugatis, 
 et quibuscunque aegrotis portionem pecuniae pro victu seu com- 
 munis suis assignet et tradi faciat ; caeteris vero Presbyteris et 
 Clericis ac etiam Pueris grammaticam vel musicam discentibus 
 victum intra Ecclesiam gratis datum habentibus, portionem 
 pecuniae pro victu seu communiis suis assignari et tradi permittimus, 
 dummodo hebdomadatim communi sodalium mensaejuxta Decani 
 et Capituli judicium pecuniae aliquid solvant. Statuimus etiam et 
 ordinamus, ut Thesaurarius Ecclesiae nostrae in mensis cujuslibet 
 initio tradat, numeret, ac solvat Senescallo menstruo, pro mensa 
 et communiis singulorum communiter vescentium, ad hunc qui 
 sequitur modum ; nimirum pro vescentibus in primo ordine, id 
 est, pro singulis Canonicis Minoribus, pro primario Informatore 
 Puerorum grammaticorum per mensem quatuor solidos et octo 
 denarios ; pro mensa et communiis singulorum communiter 
 vescentium in tertio ordine, nimirum pro singulis Pueris gram- 
 matlcls et Choristis per mensem tres solidos et quatuor denarios ; 
 denique pro mensa et communiis singulorum qui in secundo 
 prandio sedebant, nimirum pro Sub-Sacristis, Pincernis, Jani- 
 toribus, Obsonatore et Coquo, per mensem quatuor solidos. 
 Postremo omnes Ministri Ecclesiae nostrae communiter victitantes 
 ordinationibus formulis et statutis, quae per Decanum et Capi- 
 tulum hisce de rebus olim edentur, parere et obsequi debent. 
 
 Caput XXX. 
 De Vestibus Ministrorum quas Liberaturas vocant. 
 Statuimus et Volumus ut Minores Canonici, Clerici et caeteri 
 Ecclesiae nostrae Ministri, Choristae quoque, et Pueri gram-
 
 140 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 matici et decern Pauperes, utantur vestibus exterioribus ejusdem, 
 quod fieri potest, aut similis coloris : recipiant autem omnes, quos 
 diximus, ad exteriora indumenta conficienda, pannum juxta earn 
 formam quam hie praescribimus : Recipient singuli minores 
 Canonici et superior Informator Grammaticae quatuor virgatas 
 panni pro togis suis, pretium cujuslibet virgatae quinque Solidos : 
 Recipiet Magister Choristarum pro veste sua tres virgatas panni, 
 pretium virgatae quinque solidos : Recipient Diaconus, Sub- 
 Diaconus, singuli Clerici et inferior Informator grammaticae, pro 
 vestibus suis tres virgatas panni, pretium virgatae quatuor solidos 
 et sex denarios : Recipient et Ministri alii, videlicet Sub-Sacristae, 
 Pincernae, Janitores, Obsonator et Coquus ; et quisque pro se 
 recipiet tres virgatas panni pro vestibus suis, pretium virgatae tres 
 solidos et quatuor denarios : Recipient singuli Choristae et Pueri 
 grammatici, atque etiam Sub-Coquus, pro vestibus suis duas virgatas 
 et dimidium, pretium virgatae tres solidos et quatuor denarios : 
 Recipient denique singuli Pauperes pro vestibus suis tres virgatas 
 panni, pretium virgatae tres solidos et quatuor denarios : Quern 
 quidem pannum sibi traditum, quisquis sibi decenter aptari et 
 componi non curaverit et per maximam anni partem usus non 
 fuerit, is indignus judicabitur munere nostro, et proinde tantumdem 
 de stipendio suo rependere cogatur Ecclesiae nostrae. Quem 
 quidem pannum, et vestes liberatas, singulis annis parare debent 
 Ecclesiae nostrae Decanus, aut (eo absente) Vice Decanus et 
 Receptor qui pro tempore fuerit, tradentque singulis suas panni 
 portiones ante Natalem Domini, ut novis vestibus et novis animis 
 celebrent natalem diem Domini Jesu Christi. Pauperes in togarum 
 suarum sinistro humero rosam ex serico rubro factam semper 
 gerant, et quoties vel in Templum Ecclesiae vel alio in publicam 
 processerint, dictis togis suis induti ubique incedant. 
 
 Caput XXXI. 
 
 De stipendiis Ministrorum in Ecdesia nostra. 
 
 Statuimus et volumus ut ex bonis communibus nostrae 
 Ecclesiae, praeter communias, et liberaturas superius assignatas, 
 solvantur stipendia omnibus Ministris Ecclesiae nostrae per manus
 
 WORCESTER. 
 
 141 
 
 ent 
 
 Thesaurarii singulis anni terminis per aequales portiones, ad hunc 
 qui sequitur modum, videlicet — 
 
 I s. d. 
 
 5 02 00 
 15 02 00 
 
 II 13 08 
 
 6 05 10 
 4 05 10 
 4 05 10 
 
 2 19 02 
 
 3 00 00 
 2 18 00 
 
 1 18 00 
 
 2 18 00 
 I 18 00 
 I 18 00 
 I 18 00 
 o 15 00 
 
 01 08 
 
 4 10 00 
 
 1 10 00 
 
 2 13 04 
 
 5 00 00 
 2 14 04 
 2 00 00 
 
 2 00 00 
 
 3 06 08 
 
 4 00 00 
 
 Singulis minoribus Canonicis pro portione sua 
 
 Superiori Informatori grammaticae 
 
 Magistro Choristarum 
 
 Inferiori Informatori grammaticae 
 
 Diacono 
 
 Subdiacono . 
 
 Singulis clericis 
 
 Cuilibet ex Virgiferis 
 
 Cuilibet ex Subsacristis 
 
 Cuilibet ex Pincernis 
 
 Uni Janitorum qui et barbae-tonsor 
 
 Alteri ex Janitoribus 
 
 Obsonatori. 
 
 Coquo 
 
 Cuilibet ex Choristis 
 
 Singulis Pueris grammaticis 
 
 Singulis decern Pauperum 
 
 Subcoquo . 
 
 Vice-Decano 
 
 Receptori . 
 
 Thesaurario 
 
 Praecentori . 
 
 Sacristae 
 
 Senescallo, sen Clerico terrarum 
 
 Auditori 
 
 Caput XXXII. 
 De Celebratione Divinorum. 
 Ut autem decenter et ex ordine assidue Preces et Orationes 
 continuo in Ecclesia nostra fiant, singulisque diebus laus Dei 
 cantu et jubilatione celebretur, statuimus et ordinamus ut minores 
 Canonici et Clerici, una cum Diacono, et Sub-Diacono ac Magistro 
 Choristarum, divina officia in Choro Templi nostri quotidie 
 peragant, secundum morem et ritum aliarum Ecclesiarum Cathe-
 
 14^ EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 dralium : ad Officia vero noctu decantanda eos obligare nolumus. 
 Ordinamus etiam, ut singulis diebus, tam festis, quam profestis, 
 missa de Spiritu Sancto mane hora sexta in Templo celebretur, 
 loco ad id per Decanum deputato. Porro volumus ut omnibus 
 festis principalibus, Decanus, majoribus autem duplicibus vice 
 Decanus, caeteris vero Festis duplicibus reliqui Canonici, quisque 
 suo ordine, in divinis officiis celebrandis executores sint : Statu- 
 imus etiam ut nullus Canonicorum aut aliorum in choro minis- 
 trantium divinorum officiorum tempore absque insignibus choro 
 convenientibus chorum ingrediatur : Volumus praeterea ut 
 uterque Informator Grammaticae diebus festis choro intersit, 
 insignibus choro convenientibus indutus quorum alter super 
 Canonicos minores, alter post minores Canonicos proximum in 
 choro locum obtineat. Ad haec Pueros grammaticos qui 
 sumptibus Ecclesiae aluntur, festis diebus volumus choro 
 interesse, et officium sibi mandatum a Praecentore sedulo facere, 
 nisi alias per Archididascalum amandentur ; quos etiam pueros 
 mandamus singulis diebus per annum, dum sacra mysteria in 
 missa summa peragantur, corporis dominici elevationi adesse, 
 ibique morari quoad cantus Agnus Dei perficiatur, ac interim bini 
 et bini dicant ac meditentur Psalmos, Miserere mei Dens, Deus 
 miserentur nostri, cum oratione Domini Jesu Christi ; et De 
 prqfundis clamavi cum oratione Absolve quaesumus. Volumus 
 praeterea et statuimus, ut, quam primum ab hac luce migravimus, 
 exequiae statim in Ecclesia nostra Wigorniensi convocatis ad eas 
 omnibus Ecclesiae nostrae Canonicis et caeteris Ministris, Scholar- 
 ibus et Pauperibus pro anima nostra fiant, utque dies obitus nostri 
 in Statutorum libris scribatur, quo eo die anniversario perpetuis 
 temporibus exequiae et missae pro nobis celebrentur. 
 
 Caput XXXVI. 
 De Eleemosynis et Studentibus in Academiis. 
 Verum quia Schola grammatica, et aedificia fere omnia in 
 quibus cubare volumus minores Canonicos, Clericos et alios 
 Ecclesiae nostrae Ministros, ruinosa, vasta, incondita et deformia 
 sunt, permittimus ut ea quadraginta Librarum summa, quae 
 pontibus et viis publicis reficiendis assignatur, per duorum
 
 WORCESTER. I43 
 
 annorum spatium eo applicetur, ut aedificia ilia restaurentur, et 
 meliora, cultiora, et ei ad quern praescribentur usui aptlora, 
 reddantur. 
 
 Statuimus praeterea ut ex bonis Ecclesiae nostrae duodecim 
 Scholares pauperes in Academiis nostris semper alantur ; qui in 
 Artium liberalium, et sacrae Theologiae studia assidue et dili- 
 genter incumbent, sex videlicet in Academia Cantabrigiensi, et 
 sex alii in Academia Oxoniensi : neminem vcro alium ad hoc 
 nostrum beneficium percipiendum admitti volumus, nisi qui sit 
 supra decimum quintum et infra vicesimum suae aetatis annum, 
 quique grammaticam ita calleat ut ad liberales artes discendas 
 aptus et idoneus existat. Hos autem duodecim Scholasticos 
 volumus ut Decanus aut (eo absente) Vice Decanus et capitulum 
 ex hac nostra schola semper eligant et stipendio nostro donatos 
 ad Academiam ingenii cultum capiendi gratia mittant. Quod si 
 in hac schola nostra nullus huic numero idoneus inveniatur, 
 alium undecumque praedictis qualitatibus ornatum Decano aut eo 
 absente Vice Decano, et capitulo deligere permittimus, modo in 
 dictis Academiis Collegii aut Domus alicujus socius aut discipulus 
 non fuerit. His Scholaribus pro studiorum suorum progressu 
 varias quotannis numerari volumus pensiones ; videlicet, donee 
 Baccalaureatus insignia adepti fuerint, id quod intra quadriennium 
 omnino fieri decrevimus, quinque Libras ; Baccalaurei autem per 
 triennium proxime sequens, post quod tempus statim Magistri 
 Artium titulo eos insigniri volumus, sex Libras assequentur, 
 Postea vero, ut ardentius sacrae Theologiae incumbant, sex 
 libras tredecim solidos cum quatuor denariis recipiant. Illud 
 etiam decrevimus ut decedentibus sive amotis Baccalaureis, sive 
 Artium Magistris, aut superiori gradu insignitis, illi qui numerum 
 deficientem supplebunt, in primi ordinis Scholasticos admittantur. 
 Decanus autem, aut (eo absente) Vice-Decanus curabit, ut hi 
 Scholares pensionarii ad certum aliquem locum, seu Collegium, 
 seu Aulam, seu Hospitium, in Academiarum altera destinentur. 
 Quos si intellexerint, certoque cognoverint, negligentes, desi- 
 diosos, aut ab Academia evagantes, quique famam suam a 
 gravioris criminis nota non tueantur, quique Baccalaureus, aut 
 Artium Magister non fuerint praescripto tempore, quique postea
 
 144 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Theologiae studio gnavam operam non impenderint, quique 
 denique praeter pensionem nostram summam septem Librarum 
 annul valoris adepti fuerint, hac nostra pensione et stipendio 
 penitus destitui et carere volumus. 
 
 Caput XXXIX. 
 Preces in Schola mane dicendae. 
 Hora sexta mane Hypodidascalus Scholam ingressus, cum 
 omnibus Scholae Discipulis, alternatim dicant Psalmum, Domine 
 in virtute tua laetabilur, Kijrie Eleison, Christe eleison. Pater 
 noster, Et ne 7ios et caetera, Ostende nobis Domine et caetera, 
 Domine Salvumfac Regem. et caetera, Esto Domine ttirris fortitu- 
 dinis et caetera, Nihil projiciat inimicus et caetera, Domine exaudi 
 et caetera. 
 
 Preces in Schola vesperi dicendae. 
 
 Hora quinta Schola discessuri Scholastic! dicant alternatim 
 Psalmum, Ecce nunc benedicite Domino, et caetera, Kyrie, 
 Ckriste, Kyrie, Pater noster, et caetera, Exurge Domine, adjuva 
 nos, et caetera, Domine Deus virtutum, et caetera, cum oratione, 
 Illumina quaesumus Domine tenebras, et caetera. 
 
 Caput XL. 
 De Schola et Classibus ac ordine in ea observando. 
 
 Quae Solent esse in aedificiorum architecto, caeterisque operis 
 praefectis in urgendo opere industria, ac diligentia, eadem omnino 
 debet esse in Paedagogis, ac tenere juventutis Informatoribus, ut 
 inter se amicissime veluti conspirent contendantque scholasticos 
 suae fidei traditos pietate et bonis literis gnaviter imbuere, neque 
 adeo suo studere commodo, aut suo indulgere otio, quam illorum 
 profectui et publicae utilitati prospicere, ut suo pulchre officio 
 per omnia respondere videantur. Quod quidem multo facilius 
 praestare poterint, si, quem praescripsimus ordinem, sedulo 
 conentur imitari. 
 
 Omnis Scholasticorum numerus in quinque aut sex ordines 
 seu Classes distribuantur ; horum inferiores tres instituat Hypo- 
 didascalus, superiores autem Archididascalus instruat. 
 
 In Scholam nemo admittatur qui non prompte legere, quive
 
 WORCESTER. 
 
 HS 
 
 Orationem Dominicam, Salutationem Angelicam, Symbolum 
 Apostolicum, et decern Decalogi Praecepta vernaculo sermone 
 memoriter non tenuerit. Grammaticae omnino rudes, veluti 
 extra ordinem, Nominum et Verborum accidentia doceantur ; 
 haec cum memoriter habent, in primam Classem adsumantur. 
 
 In prima Classe anglica rudimenta ad plenum ediscant ; 
 discant et orationis partes congrue connectere, et brevem phrasim 
 anglicam latinam facere, facilesque aliquas constructiones sensim 
 attingere. 
 
 In secunda Classe paulo majora audiant ; Nominum genera, 
 et Verborum inflectiones latine scriptas probe teneant ; Catonis 
 carmina, iEsopi Apologos, familiaria aliqua Colloquia percurrant. 
 
 In tertia vero Nomina et Verba anomala rite variare con- 
 tendant, ut nusquam nomen aut verbum inveniatur, quod non ad 
 unguem inflectere noverint ; hie quoque Terentianas Comoedias, 
 Mantuani Eclogas, atque id genus alia, sibi faciant familiarissima. 
 
 Harum Classium curam solicite gerat Hypodidascalus, 
 minutiora ilia rudimenta discipulis suis instillando ac inculcando, 
 ut majoribus recipiendis aptos paratosque reddat. 
 
 Hypodidascalus mane hora sexta Scholam ingrediatur, 
 statimque post fusas ad Deum quas prasscripsimus preces, 
 aliquam quotidie octo orationis partium memoriter reddere cogat 
 suos Scholasticos, donee in singulis fuerint promptissimi ; nee 
 omittat quin altero quovis die, sermonem anglicum, eumque 
 brevem, discipulis dictet, quem illos latine vertere accurate doceat, 
 libellisque chartaceis sedulo inscribere. 
 
 Denique in omnibus quae in Schola sunt agenda Archididas- 
 calo subsit ac pareat, ipsumque de docendi methodo, ac ratione 
 consulat, ut ambo in Scholasticorum profectum summo studio 
 consentiant, ambo etiam operam dent, ut discipuli aperte ornate 
 et distincte, corporis et oris decore servato, pronuntiare discant. 
 
 In quarta Classe doceantur pueri latinam partium Syntaxim 
 prompte callere, exerceanturque in poeticis narrationibus, in 
 familiaribus doctorum virorum epistolis, atque ejus generis 
 similibus. 
 
 In quinta memori mente reponant Latinae orationis figuras et 
 canones illos de componendis carminibus factos, simulque 
 
 V
 
 146 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 assuescant carminibus condendis, et thematibus expoliendis : 
 denique versentur in castissimorum poetarum ac optimorum 
 Historicorum interpretatione. 
 
 Postremo in sexta imbuantur formulis illis de verborum ac 
 rerum copia ab Erasmo conscriptis, discantque orationem infinitis 
 modis variare, ut vel sic tandem latinse linguae facultatem, 
 quantum pueris satis est, assequantur ; interim Horatium, 
 Cicero nem, casterosque ejus Classis Authores degustent ; interim 
 declamatiunculis inter se concertent, ut vel contentionis studio 
 docti evadant. 
 
 Has prascipue Classes latino sermone expolire Archididasculus 
 satagat. Ante horam diei septimam Scholam ingrediatur ut sue 
 docendi munere graviter fungatur. Hie etiam altero quovis die 
 orationem vernaculam latinam facere, eamque in multas formas 
 mutare, gregem sibi commissum docere pergat. 
 
 Praeterea totius Scholas curam sibi commissam intelligat, 
 proinde singulis septimanis universum gregem semel, iterum, aut 
 tertio invisat, diligenterque examinet, Scholasticorum ingenia, et 
 in Uteris progressum exploret. Quos autem tardos et a Musis 
 prorsus alienos, etiam omnibus tentatis, offenderit, horum amicos 
 fideliter moneat, ne ipsos Uteris penitus ineptos frustra tempus 
 producere, et aliorum loca occupare patiantur. 
 
 Caeterum quos aptos ac industrios probaverit eos ter ad 
 minus quotannis in superiores Classes surroget, nimirum a prima 
 in secundam, a secunda in tertiam, et sic deinceps, ut quisque 
 dignus habebitur ; idque fiat praesente ac consulto Hypodidascalo, 
 de illis, scilicet, que ipsius curae sunt credit!. 
 
 Ad haec hora noctis sexta in Scholam Scholastici revertantur, 
 et ad septimam usque repetant ac reddant, condiscipulis, qui jam 
 in Uteris maturaverunt, didascalis etiam plurimum praesentibus, 
 quaecunque per totum diem didicerunt. 
 
 Cum ludendi facta flierit copia una ludant, una jocentur, ne 
 hue illucque errantes, et morum jacturam faciant, et aliarum 
 rerum desiderio animos a Uteris sensim alienent, nee uUos jocos 
 exerceant, qui non honestatis speciem prae se ferant, ac omni 
 turpitudine vacent. Postremo quicquid vel serio vel joco 
 tractent, non alio utantur sermone, quam latino, aut graeco.
 
 WORCESTER. I47 
 
 De horum Statutorum firmitate et robore. 
 Nos Nicholaus Wigorniensis, Georgius Cicestrensis Episcopi, et 
 Ricardus Cox Archidiaconus Elieiisis, metuendissimi Domini 
 nostri Regis Henrici octavi, Dei gratia Angliae, Franciae et 
 Hiberniae Regis, fidei defensoris, et in terra Ecclesiae Anglicanae 
 et Hiberniae supremi Capitis, mandate et nomine, vobis Decano, 
 Canonicis, caeterisque Ministris omnibus dictae Ecclesiae Wigor- 
 niensis Statuta haec diligenter et bona fide observanda tradimus, 
 anno equisdem Domini nostri Regis tricesimo sexto, et mensis 
 Julii die ultimo. 
 
 Confirmation of Statutes by Edward VI. 's Commissioners. 
 
 Ubi Authoritas Statutorum, authoritate invictissimi Principis 
 piae memoriae Henrici octavi editorum in quaestionem venit, 
 Nos Ricardus Morison, Ricardus Tracie, Armigeri, Henricus 
 Siddall, et Robertus Ferrar, sacrae Theologiae et legum respective 
 Baccalaurei, illustrissimi in Christo Principis et Domini nostri 
 Domini Edvardi sexti Dei gratia Angliae, Franciae et Hiberniae 
 Regis Fidei defensoris ac in terris Ecclesiae Anglicanae et 
 Hibernicae supremi capitis, Commissarii generales, ad visitationem 
 suam regiam per Dioecesim Wigorniensem exercendam, pro robore 
 et valore eorundem pronuntiamus et decernimus, eademque 
 Statuta ab omnibus et singulis istius Cathedralis Ecclesiae 
 Ministris inviolabiliter observari sub poenis in eisdem contentis ; 
 permittimus tamen Decano, et cuivis alii Canonico privilegia 
 commoditates et emolumenta quaecumque, sufficienti authoritate 
 Regia illis aut illorum cuilibet prius concessa. 
 
 Concordat cum Decretis, 
 
 Constantine, Begisler. 
 
 1540. The King's Scholars in the Cathedral Grammar 
 Schools. Should they be gentlemen's sons only .? 
 
 [" Memorials of Thomas Cranmer," p. 88, Book I., chap, xxii., by 
 John Strype, M.A., 1694. London: printed for Robt. Chiswell.] 
 
 Anno 1540. This year the Cathedral Church of Can- 
 terbury was altered from monks to secular men of the clergy :
 
 148 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 viz., Prebendaries or Canons, Petticanons, Choristers and 
 Scholars. 
 
 At this erection were present Thomas Cranmer, archbishop, 
 the Lord Rich, chancellor of the Court of the Augmentation of 
 the revenues of the Crown ; Sir Christopher Hales, Kt., the 
 King's Attorney ; Sir Anthony Sentleger, Kt., with divers other 
 Commissioners. 
 
 And nominating and electing such convenient and fit persons, 
 as should serve for the furniture of the said Cathedral Church 
 according to the new foundation, it came to pass that [when] they 
 should elect the children of the Grammar School, there were of 
 the Commissioners more than one or two who would have none 
 admitted but sons or younger brethren of gentlemen. As for 
 other, husbandmen's children, they were more meet, they said, 
 for the plough and to be artificers than to occupy the place of the 
 learned sort. So that they wished none else to be put to school 
 but only gentlemen's children. 
 
 Whereunto the . . . Archbishop . . . said " That he thought it 
 not indifferent so to order the matter. For," said he, " poor 
 men's children are many times endued with more singular gifts of 
 nature, which are also the gifts of God, as with eloquence, 
 memory, apt pronunciation, sobriety and such like, and also 
 commonly more apt to apply their study than is the gentleman's 
 son delicately educated." 
 
 1543-4, Educational expenditure of re-founded Cathedral. 
 [Wore. Oath, Mun. A. C. ill.] 
 
 Earliest extant account of Receiver-General. Mich. 35-36 
 Henry VIII. 
 
 Fees. 
 
 £ s. d. £ 5. d. 
 
 Receiver General f Bishop of Rochester 5 o ol 
 
 \Dean Barlo 5 o 0/ 
 
 Auditor . . . . 6 13 4 
 
 Seneschal . . . . 6 13 4
 
 Worcester. 149 
 
 £ s. d. I s. d. 
 
 2 Porters or keepers of gates and 
 doors in the precincts . .10 
 
 2 Buders or keepers of the pantry 
 of the Hostel of the Dean and 
 Chapter . . . .10 
 
 Buyer of meat, fish, cates and other 
 necessaries of the Hostel of the 
 Dean and Chapter, called in the 
 vulgar tongue " the Caterer " . 6 
 
 2 Cooks of the Hostel of the Dean 
 and Chapter . . .10 
 
 2 Servants of the Dean and Chapter 
 serving in the Hostel . . 6 
 
 Stipends or Salaries. 
 
 Dean (bishop of Rochester first half 
 
 year, John Barlow second) -133 ^ 8 
 
 Ten Canons or Prebendaries at ;£2o . 200 o o 
 (One canonry changed during 
 the year.) 
 
 Ten Sub-canons or Sub-prebendaries 
 
 at ^10 .... 100 o o 
 
 The Singers of gospel and epistle 
 called Gospeler and Pisteler at 
 ;^8 . . . . 16 o o 
 
 Eight Singers of chants called " Syng- 
 
 ynmen " at /|6 13 4 . • 53 6 8 
 
 The teacher of singing to the 
 choristers called the Master of the 
 Queresters . , .1168 
 
 12 " Corustars" at ;£2 13 4 . 32 o o 
 
 Two Sacrists called " Sextens " at 
 
 ;C6 o o . . . 12 o o 
 
 Preacher or Pedagogue of the School J 20 o o 
 
 Under master . . . ]_ 10 o o 
 
 65 6 8
 
 150 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 £ s. d. £ s. 
 40 Poor boys and Scholars daily 
 nourished, educated or maintained 
 in the said School at ^2 13 4 . 106 13 4 
 
 Academy or University. 
 12 Scholars studying and being at 
 
 Oxford, at ;£6 7 4:^ . . 76 8 3 
 
 771 
 
 The King's Alms. 
 
 10 Poor maintained or relieved out of the lands 
 
 aforesaid by the King's charity, at ;^5 . . 50 o o 
 
 Money distributed to divers poor of the city of 
 Worcester destitute of defence or to other poor 
 and needy coming to the cathedral as for the 
 charity of the Dean and Chapter, given by 
 order of the late and present Deans . . 40 o 1 1 
 
 Expenses at the time of Audit . . . 2150 
 
 Payment of yearly reserved to the King, in name 
 
 of tenths . . . . . 1 00 o o 
 
 Repairs. 
 
 To houses and buildings in the precinct, on a 
 tenement in the city, the Sanctuary and divers 
 manors, granges, rectories, mills, pinfolds, etc. . 43 18 2^ 
 
 Labourers mending the King's way in divers 
 places round Worcester and elsewhere in the 
 county where foundered, and in wagons, stone, 
 and sand for it . . . . 20 o o 
 
 Pensions paid to Bishop on account of Churches 
 
 appropriated to the Cathedral . . .300 
 
 Buying of books and other necessaries for the 
 Church, wine, wax, candles, incense, bread for 
 Eucharist, etc., and payment to a canon for 
 keeping the vestments . . . 9183 
 
 Washerwoman of linen for the church. The 
 common laundress for washing belongings or 
 linen . . . . . . o 10 o
 
 WORCESTER. 
 
 151 
 
 Extraordinary Expenses .... 
 Law costs ..... 
 
 Division among Dean and Canons 
 Cash delivered to John Barlow, Dean, by various 
 canons, from the late Dean 
 
 Total thus expended 
 Balance 
 
 I s. d. 
 15 13 4 
 
 43 o o 
 
 1022 3 ii-J 
 311 II 9A 
 
 1433 15 9 
 
 This balance is subsequently diminished 
 I s. d. 
 To St. Michael, Wor- 
 cester, for burials . 194 
 To Precentor, gratuity o 10 o 
 Fees to Hallow Park 
 
 Keeper . . i 1 1 4 
 
 Final Balance. . 308 i i^ 
 
 311 II 9¥ 
 
 Balance 
 
 311 II 9i 
 
 Ecclesia Cathedralis Christi et beate Marie Virginis Wigorn. 
 
 Compotus reverendi in Christo patris et domini Domini 
 Henrici permissione diuina Rofensis episcopi ac nuper decani et 
 Receptoris Generalis omnium terrarum et possessionum tarn 
 Temporalium quem Spiritualium Ecclesie Cathedrali Christi et 
 beate Marie Virginis Wigorn. pertinentium sive spectantium Ac 
 etiam Johannis Barlo Arcium magistri modo decani Ecclesie 
 Cathedralis predicte et Receptoris Generalis terrarum et posses- 
 sionum predictarum, viz., a Festo Sancti Michaelis Archangeli 
 anno regni domini nostri Henrici VHP' Dei gracia Anglie 
 Francie et Hibernie Regis Fidei defensoris Ac in terra Ecclesie 
 Anglicane et Hibernice supremi Capitis xxxv'" usque idem 
 Festum Sancti Michaelis Archangeli ex tunc proxime sequens
 
 152 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 anno ejusdem Domini Regis xxxvj"" scilicet per unum annum 
 integrum tarn de omnibus et singulis receptis eorundem quam de 
 omnibus et omnimodis misis custubus et expensis per dictos 
 Receptores Generales solutis et factis per totum tempus pre- 
 dictum. 
 
 Arreragia. — Idem dominus episcopus Rofensis nuper decanus 
 Ecclesie Cathedralis predicte reddit compotum de 75/. os. Sd. 
 de Arreragiis suis propriis anni proximo precedentis prout in 
 pede compoti sui de eodem anno plenius patet. Item oneratur 
 super compotum de 10/. 15?. id. de arreragiis diuersarum per- 
 sonarum in pede compoti dicti anni proximo precedentis pen- 
 dentibus prout in eodem plenius liquet. 
 
 Summa 85/. 15,9. ^d. 
 
 Civitas Wigornie. — Et respondet de 15/. per dominum 
 Henricum Episcopum Rofensem nuper Decanum receptis de 
 Thoma Carter balliuo ibidem de exitibus officii sui huius anni ut 
 patet per compotum suum de eodem anno. Item respondet de 
 74/. 6^. 6d. per Joliannem Barlo modo Decanum receptis de 
 prefato Thoma Carter balliuo ibidem de exitibus officii sui huius 
 anni ut patet per compotum suum de eodem anno. 
 
 Summa 89/. 6s. 6d. 
 
 Sanctuarium. — Et respondet de 15/. 2s. Sd. per Dominum 
 Henricum Episcopum Rofensem nuper Decanum receptis de 
 Roberto Hastyngs balliuo ibidem de exitibus officii sui huius 
 anni ut patet per compotum suum de eodem anno. Item respondet 
 de 1 9?. 6d. per Johannem Barlo modo Decanum receptis de dicto 
 balliuo de exitibus officii sui huius anni ut patet per compotum 
 suum de eodem anno. 
 
 Summa 34/. 3^. 2d. 
 
 Wolverley. — Et compotum reddit de 22/. 15,?. lod. per 
 Dominum Henricum Episcopum Rofensem nuper Decanum 
 receptis de Johanne Jokys, balliuo et Henrico Pratte preposito 
 ibidem de exitibus officiorum suorum huius anni cum 74.V. 4c?. 
 ob. de Finibus Tcrrarum et jSs. Sd. de heriotis ut patet per 
 compotos suos de eodem anno et respondet de 26/. 19^. 2c?. 
 obolo quadrante per Johannem Barlo modo Decanum receptis de 
 dictis Johanne Jokys balliuo et Henrico Pratte preposito ibidem
 
 WORCESTER. 
 
 15-3 
 
 de exitibus officiorum suorum huiusaiini cum 5.9. \od. deamercia- 
 mentis ut patet per compota sua de eodem anno et 5.?. yd. de 
 vendicione Bosci. 
 
 Summa 49/. 15.V. ob. qu. 
 
 [The remaining receipts are all in precisely the same form. 
 The following is an abstract retaining the names of the bailiffs 
 and provosts or farmers.] 
 
 £ s. d. 
 85 15 9 
 
 89 6 6 
 34 3 2 
 
 Arrears ..... 
 Worcester City, Thomas Carter, bailiff 
 Sanctuary, Robert Hastyngs, bailiff 
 Wolverley, John Jokys, bailiff, Henry Pratte 
 
 provost .... 
 
 Hallowe, John Fyssher, bailiff, Richard Best 
 
 provost .... 
 
 Grymley, John Fyssher, bailiff, William Russell 
 
 provost .... 
 
 More, John Herfford, bailiff, Thomas Monde 
 
 provost .... 
 
 Newenham and Buraford, John Huncks, bailiff, 
 
 Thomas Foster, provost 
 Sege barowe with Rectory, Wm. Langeford, bailiff, 
 
 and John Stokys, sen., provost . 
 Netherton, George Wylloughby, Esq., bailiff, Wm 
 
 Andrewes, provost ... 
 
 Cropthorne, Wm. Parsons, bailiff, Rich. Loxley 
 
 provost .... 
 
 Overbury with Rectory, W. Parsons, bailiff, John 
 
 Walter, provost 
 Chorleford, Henry Dyngeley, Esq., lessee (firmario) 
 Herferton, Thomas Abell, bailiff, Richard Heynys 
 
 provost .... 
 
 Bradwas, William Tovy, provost . 
 Schypston, Roger Mores, bailiff, Thomas Crowle 
 
 provost .... 
 
 Blackwell, Roger Mores, bailiff 
 Tedyngton, Edward Atwood, bailiff 
 
 49 IS of 
 83 12 4 
 
 62 6 10^ 
 
 72 3 2|- 
 
 49 18 4 
 
 31 10 4 
 
 18 9 10 
 
 67 13 4f 
 
 84 12 5 
 
 12 16 o 
 
 31 4 8 
 41 5 5i 
 
 48 4 o 
 
 26 II 9^ 
 
 32 13 6 
 
 3{
 
 I 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 19 
 
 1 
 
 s 
 
 23 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 58 
 
 4 
 
 7i 
 
 47 
 
 13 
 
 3i 
 
 154 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Tyberton, Edward Hemmyng, bailiff 
 
 Crowle, Richard Daffy, bailiff 
 
 Hymulton, Henry Gardener, bailiff 
 
 St. Johns, Hardwick, and Coddrych et alia, Cuthlac 
 
 Edwards, bailiff .... 
 
 Stoke Pryor, John Smyth, bailiff, Thomas Tylye, 
 
 provost . . . . . 48 T3 3 
 
 Cleve pryor, Lewis Mores, bailiff, John Charlett, 
 
 provost ..... 
 
 Icombe with Mylton, Cuttlac Edward, bailiff 
 Bradycote with Shyrnack, John Huncks, bailiff 
 Alvyston and Packyngton parva in Warwickshire 
 
 with Loxley, etc., Robert Pyers, bailiff . 
 Rectory of Bremsgrave with Norton Chapel, 
 
 Richard Haselock, lessee 
 Officium balliui* forinseci, Robert Hastyngs, bailiff 
 Pensionesf et porciones in diuersis comitatibus, 
 
 Richard Bedyll, collector 
 Terre diuerse,J John Borne, lessee 
 Redditus§ vocati hed sylver, sute sylver and Whit- 
 son farthyngs, received by John Barlo, now 
 
 Dean, the accountant, collector of the same . 13 8 7^ 
 
 Anckerden and Doddenham with pension of 
 
 Knyghtwyck, Henry Agbarowe, lessee . -'593 
 
 Rectory of S. Peter's, Worcester, Hugh Cratford, 
 
 lessee . . . . . . 5 13 4 
 
 Rectory of Quynton, Edward Willoughby, Knight, 
 
 lessee . . . . . . 20 o o 
 
 Rectory cum orreo|| decimali de Lenchewyke, 
 
 Philip Hobby, Knight, lessee . . . 22 17 8 
 
 * Office of external bailiff. 
 
 t Fixed payments and portions [of tithes?] in divers counties. 
 X Divers lands. 
 
 § Rents called Head-silver (poll-tax), Suit-silver (fees for suit of court) and Whitsun 
 farthings (Pentecostals). 
 
 11 Rectory with tithe-barn of Lenchwick. 
 
 48 
 
 19 
 
 oi 
 
 9 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 I 
 
 36 
 
 17 
 
 o* 
 
 43 
 
 16 
 
 8 
 
 59 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 25 
 
 13 
 
 4
 
 Worcester. 155 
 
 I s. d. 
 
 Recepte* Extrahurarum, 3 sheep at Newenham, 3.9. ; 
 2 sheep at Wolverley, 2s. id. ; a horse at Cleve, 
 7.?.; a sheep at Tyberton, %d. . . .012 10 
 
 Receptef forinsece. Divers moneys received in 
 divers parishes for licence to bury the dead, viz., 
 St. John's Bederdyn (Bedwardine), 2*. 8f/. ; 
 Hynly, i2d.\ Odyngley, iid., by covenant with 
 the parishioners. From legacies by the dead, 
 2.9. 6d. Rent of Churche howses at Grymley 
 and Hallowe, 6rf. . . . .078 
 
 H33 15 8 
 
 De aliquo proficuo proveniente de finibus receptis per manus 
 diuersorum Firmariorum pro statu eorundem habendo in diuersis 
 Terris et Tenementis per Indenturas sub sigillo capitulari pro 
 terminis annorum non respondet eo quod ex concensu et 
 assensu Domini Henrici nuper Decani ecclesie Cathedralis 
 predicte et eiusdem loci Capituli inter dictos Decanum et con- 
 fratres prebendarios dividebantur versus onera et custus eorundem 
 facta et habita circa novam ereccionem Ecclesie Cathedralis 
 predicte, tamen per advisamentum Magistri Johannis Barlo modo 
 Decani in respectu ponitur pro maturiore deliberacione et 
 communicacione inde habendis. 
 
 Summa — Nulla. 
 
 I s. d. 
 
 Summa Totalis Recepte cum arreragiis . i433 '5 9) viz. 
 
 In onere Domini Episcopi cum arreragiis suis . 665 17 8|- 
 
 In onere Magistri Johannis Barlo modo Decani 757 2 ii;^ 
 In onere diuersarum aliarum personarum de 
 
 arreragiis . . . . . 10 15 i 
 
 De quibus. 
 Arreragia in pede Compoti anni proxime prece- 
 
 dentis pendentia , . . . 85 15 9 
 
 • Receipts for strays. t Receipts from outside.
 
 156 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Exitus, viz. 
 
 i s. d. 
 Redditus et firme ultra respectuate 1253 3 65 
 
 Casualia, viz. 
 
 
 I 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 Firme terrarum 
 
 25 
 
 6 
 
 H 
 
 Firme pro novo Statu 
 
 
 
 
 diuersarum per In- 
 
 
 
 
 denturas . 
 
 
 nil. 
 
 
 >> » 
 
 25 
 
 19 
 
 6 
 
 Relevia 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 2 
 
 Extrahure . 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 Vendicio bosci 
 
 37 
 
 15 
 
 6 
 
 Perquisita curie 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 Licencia sepeliendi 
 
 
 
 
 mortuos cum aliis . 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 94 16 5i 
 
 1348 
 
 Feoda cum stipendiis. 
 
 Idem computat in Feodo dicti Domini Henrici Episcopi 
 Rofensis nuper Receptoris Generalis omnium posses- 
 sionum dicte ecclesie pertinencium ad 10/. per annum, 
 viz., in allocacione huiusmodi Feodi pro prima medietate 
 anni finita ad Festum Annunciacionis beate Marie 
 Virginis infra tempus huius computi accidens . lOOs. 
 
 Et in consimili Feodo predicti Johannis Barlo modo 
 Decani et Receptoris possessionum predictarum ad 10/. 
 per annum, viz., in allocacione huiusmodi Feodi pro 
 ultima medietate anni finita ad Festum Sancti Michaelis 
 Archangeli infra dictum tempus accidens . . 100.?. 
 
 Et in Feodo Johannis Perte Auditoris Terrarum et 
 possessionum ad predictam Ecclesiam Cathedralem 
 spectancium et pertinencium ad 6/. 13.V. ^d. per annum ; 
 viz., in allocacione huiusmodi Feodi pro uno Anno 
 integro finito ad Festum Sancti Michaelis Archangeli 
 dicta Anno xxxv*° Regis predicti causa officii sui exer- 
 cendi et ocupandi . . , .61. 13*. 4c/.
 
 WORCESTER. I57 
 
 Et in Feodo Georgii Spillesbury Senescalli curiarum 
 omnium Dominiorum maneriorum Terrarum et Tene- 
 mentorum ad eandem ecclesiam Cathedralem pertinen- 
 cium sive spectancium ad 61. 13.V. i\.d. per annum, viz., 
 in allocacione huiusmodi Feodi hgc anno causa officii sui 
 exercendi et ocupandi . . .61. 13.V. j^d. 
 
 Et in stipendio Philippi Lechmere et Ricardi Lygh. 
 Janitoruni siue custodum portarum et hostiorum infra 
 ambitum et procinctum eiusdem ecclesie Cathedralis 
 capiendo inter se 10/. per annum, viz., in allocacione 
 huiusmodi stipendii hoc anno causa officiorum suorum 
 exercendorum et ocupandorum, ut in precedentibus . 10/. 
 
 Et in stipendiis Johannis Clarke et Nicholai Raynesham 
 pinsernarum sive custodum promptuarii hospicii pre- 
 dictorum Decani et Capituli Ecclesie predicte, utrique 
 eorum ad loov. per annum, viz. [etc., as above] . 10/. 
 
 Et in stipendiis Ricardi Good et Johannis Iryshe cocorum 
 hospicii predictorum decani et Capituli dicte Ecclesie 
 cui libet eorum ad 100*. per annum, viz., in allocacione 
 [etc.] . . . . . .10/. 
 
 Et in stipendio Thome Carter emptoris carnium et piscium 
 ac Achatorum et aliorum necessariorum pro custibus et 
 expensis Hospicii predictorum Decani et Capituli 
 predicte Ecclesie, vulgariter nuncupati " The Caterer," 
 ad 61. per annum, viz. [etc.] . . . .61. 
 
 Et in stipendiis Ricardi Butler et Johannis Tyler servorum 
 aut famulorum predictorum decani et capituli annuatim 
 deserviencium infra Hospicium eorundem de die in 
 diem aut quotienscunque opus fuerit versus negocia 
 sua exequenda euncium aut equitancium, cuilibet 
 eorum ad 6o.v. per annum, viz. [etc.] . . .61. 
 
 Summa 65/. 6s. 8d. unde pro domino Epis- 
 copo 29/. 6s. %d. et pro magistro 
 decano 36/. 
 Stipendia sive salaria. 
 
 Et in stipendio sive salario Reverendi in Christo patris et 
 domini Domini Henrici Episcopi Rofensis ac nuper
 
 158 Early education. 
 
 decani predicte Ecclesie Cathedralis, ad 133/. 6.s'. Sd. 
 per annum, viz., in Allocacione huiusmodi stipendii 
 sive salarii eidem Henrico debiti pro prima medietate 
 anni finita ad Festum Annunciationis beate Marie 
 Virginis infra tempus hujus compoti accidens . 66/. 13^-. ^d. 
 
 Et in consimili stipendio sive salario venerabilis vici 
 Johannis Barlo, Arcium Magistri, modo Decani dicte 
 Ecclesie Cathedralis, ad 133/. 6.s. 'id. per annum, viz. 
 [etc.] ..... 66/. 13^-. 4</. 
 
 Et in consimilibus stipendiis sive salariis datis et concessis 
 Johanni Browne, Ricardo Ewer, Gilberto Borne, 
 Henrico JoylyfF, Rogero Neckham, Johanni Lauerne, 
 Rogero Stanford, Humfrido Webley, et Ricardo Lyste, 
 canonicis siue prebendariis infra predictam Ecclesiam 
 Cathedralem per Regiam Magestatem inter alios 
 admissis, de et pro divinis officiis per ipsos singulis 
 diebus peragendis, viz., Cuilibet eoruni ad 20/. per 
 annum, viz., in Allocacione huiusmodi stipendii sive 
 salarii hoc anno ut in precedentibus . . 180/. ov. od. 
 
 Et in consimili stipendio sive salario Thome Bagard unius 
 canonicorum sive prebendariorum infra predictam 
 Ecclesiam inter alios per regiam magestatem admissi, 
 ad 20/. per annum, viz., in allocacione huiusmodi 
 stipendii sive salarii eidem Thome debiti pro prima 
 medietate anni finita ad Festum Annunciationis beate 
 Marie Virginis infra tempus huius compoti accidens , 10/. 
 
 Et in consimili stipendio siue salario Roberti Johnson, 
 unius Canonicorum sive Prebendariorum infra dictam 
 Ecclesiam Cathedralem inter alios per regiam mages- 
 tatem admissi, ad 20/. per annum, viz., in allocacione 
 huiusmodi stipendii eidem Roberto debiti pro ultima 
 medietate anni finite ad Festum Sancti Michaelis 
 Archangeli infra dictum tempus accidentem . 10/. os. od. 
 
 Et in consimilibus stipendiis sive salariis Johannis 
 Multon, Willelmi Benett, Willelmi Wolverleye, 
 Nicholai Shypston, Johannis Hardwyck, Thome 
 Bradwas, Thome Wotton, Thome Oswald, Willelmi
 
 WORCESTER. I59 
 
 Hanbiiry et Henrici Hymbulton, subcanonicorum sive 
 subprebendariorum per dictum dominum Regem infra 
 predictam ecclesiam Cathedralem admissorum, viz., 
 cuilibet eorum ad lo/. per annum sic eisdem et eorum 
 cuilibet ad terminum vite eorum per cartam regie 
 magestatis concessis, viz., in Allocacione huius modi sti- 
 pendiis siue salariis hoc anno ut in precedentibus lOo/. os. od. 
 
 Et in consimilibus stipendiis sive salariis tarn Edwardi 
 Ledbury, Evangelii Cantoris, vulgariter nuncupati The 
 Gospeller, quam Johannis More Epistole Cantatoris, 
 vulgariter vocati The Pisteler, viz., cuilibet eorum ad 
 8/. per annum, viz. [etc., as above] . , .16/. 
 
 Et in stipendiis sive Salariis Johannis Hastyngs, Robert! 
 Wabler, Erkenwaldi Reydon, Johannis Luskyns, 
 Willelmi [blank in MS.], Anthonii Boyle, Willelmi 
 Asmore et Johannis Norman, clericorum sive cancionum 
 cantatorum, vulgariter vocatorum syngyngmen, per 
 predictum Dominum Regem infra predictam ecclesiam 
 Cathedralem admissorum, viz., cuilibet eorum ad 
 6/. 13,?. 46?. per annum, viz. [etc.] . . 53/. 6.?. 8cl. 
 
 Et in stipendio sive salario Ricardi Fyssher, preceptoris 
 corustarum ad cantandum, vulgariter vocati the Master 
 of the Queresters, ad 11/. 6s. Sd. per annum, sic sibi ad 
 terminum vite sue per cartam Regie magestatis con- 
 cesso, viz. [etc.] . . . .11/. 6s. Sd. 
 
 Et in consimilibus stipendiis sive salariis Roberti Payne, 
 Edward Blockeley, Johannis Redyng, Thome Norman, 
 Johannis Heughes, Radulphi Wyott, Roberti Machyn, 
 Ricardi Warold, Ricardi Dylle, Johannis Tollye, Edgard 
 Elston et Jacobi Russell, corustarum infra predictam 
 ecclesiam cathedralem, viz., cuilibet eorum versus 
 victum et vestitum 53*. ^.d. per annum, viz. [etc.] . 32/. 
 
 Et in consimilibus stipendiis Georgii Elston et Willelmi 
 Skynner, sacristarum, nuncupatorum vulgariter the 
 Sextens, infra predictam ecclesiam cathedralem deser- 
 viencium, viz., cuilibet eorum assignatis 6/. per annum, 
 viz. [etc.] . , , . . .12/.
 
 l6o EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Et in stipendio Johannis Fathers, preceptoris sive pedagogi 
 scole ibidem ad 20/. per annum, et Walter! Grauer, 
 hipodidasculi eiusdem scole, ad 10/. per annum, 
 viz. [etc.] ...... 30/. 
 
 Et in salariis Edwardi Foster, Rogeri Dedycote, Lodovici 
 Sutton, Johannis Pygeon, Willelmi Huncks, Rogeri 
 Boyle, Jacobi Balle, Henrici Myddelmore, Thome 
 Curckten, Nicholai Folyatt, Johannis Blunt, Johannis 
 Ewer, Willelmi Tyndale, Edwardi Welnesford, Georgii 
 Browne, Johannis Combez, Thome Alen, Ricardi Buck, 
 Francisci Blount, Johannis Grable, Thome Jolyff, 
 Edwardi Margett, Johannis Wylde, Ricardi Connysbye, 
 Johannis Lygons, Henrici Geffreys, Henrici Wellys, 
 Caroli Acton, Nicholai Bell, Johannis Fytkyn, Johannis 
 Peren, Nicholai Wrytte, Henrici Ivyns, Johannis Bad- 
 neche, Edwardi Colys, Johannis Croft, Willelmi Bul- 
 lyngdon, Humfridi Wryght, Thome Towson, Wil- 
 lelmi Sutebolte, puerorum pauperculorum ac scholas- 
 ticorum infra predictam ecclesiam cathedralem indies 
 enutritorum educatorum siue sustentatoruni racione 
 erudiendi eos infra Scolam predictam, viz., utrique 
 eorum versus victum et vestitum suum 2/. 13.V. ^d. 
 per annum, viz., in allocacione hujusmodi salarii 
 predicti quadraginta puerorum, hoc anno ut in pre- 
 cedentibus ..... 106/. 13.?. ^d. 
 
 Et in salariis Ricardi Phillippes, Ricardi Hereford, Valen- 
 tini Dale, Ricardi Edowe, Rogeri Colborne, Thome 
 Newall, Nicholai Bolingham, Edwardi Cratforde, Wil- 
 lelmi Jonson, Willelmi Bochear, Galfridi Sutton et 
 Johannis Hankey, Scolasticorum Studencium et exis- 
 tencium infra Academiam siue Universitatem Oxonlen- 
 sem, viz., cuilibet eorundem ad 61. js. ^^d. per annum, 
 videlicet in allocacione hujusmodi salariorum hoc anno 
 ut in precedentibus . . . .86/. 8,v. ^d. 
 
 Summa 771/. is. yd. unde pro domino 
 episcopo 385/. 10s. ()\d., et pro 
 magistro decano 385/. 10.?, ^\d.
 
 WORCESTER. l6l 
 
 Elemosine domini Regis. 
 Et in denariis per dictos computantes solutis Johanni 
 Hull [and 9 others named], pauperibus ex Elemosina 
 Domini Regis de Terris et possessionibus predictis 
 annuatim sustentatis aut Releuatis, viz., cuilibet eorum 
 ad loo.v. per annum, viz., in allocacione huiusmodi 
 Elemosine hoc anno ut In computis precedentibus . col. 
 
 Summa 50/. unde pro domino Episcopo 
 25/., et pro magistro Decano 25/. 
 
 Et in consimilibus denariis per predictos computantes hoc 
 anno solutis pro distributione tam diuersis pauperibus 
 infra Ciuitatem Wigornie presidii destitutis quam 
 diuersis aliis pauperibus et egenis ad predictam ecclesiam 
 Cathedralem de et pro Elemosina dictorum Decani et 
 Capituli per idem tempus deueniente iuxta discrecionem 
 dictorum Decanorum vice et nomine predictorum 
 Decani et Capituli huiusmodi Elemosinam indies Regis 
 m.andato distribuencium aut dancium ut per separales 
 libros inde factos et per auditorem examinatos penes 
 eosdem Decanos remanentes plenius patet, viz., per 
 manus Henrici Holbache nuper Decani et Receptoris 
 37/. II*. 8d. et per manus Johannis Barlowe modo 
 Decani et Receptoris 49*. 3^/., in allocacione huiusmodi 
 Elemosine hoc anno .... 40/. iid. 
 
 Summa 40/. lid., unde pro Domino 
 
 Episcopo 36/. I I.S. Sd. et pro magistro 
 
 Decano 49*. 3f/. 
 
 Expense tempore Auditus. 
 Et in denariis per dictum Receptorem hoc anno solutis, 
 tam pro custibus et expensis suis et audltorls terrarum 
 et possessionum ad dictam ecclesiam cathedralem per- 
 tinencium necnon eorum servienclum existencium et 
 commemorancium apud civitatem WIgorn. predictam 
 per sacramentum computancium quam pro custibus et 
 expensis balliuorum prepositorum collectorum firma- 
 riorum et aliorum ministrorum computabilium quo- 
 
 y
 
 l62 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 rumcumque ad predictam civitatem deveniencium pro 
 compotis suis ibidem hoc anno reddendis et deter- 
 minandis, cum pro expensis dicti auditoris cum ij ser- 
 vientibus et iij equis itinerantibus a ciuitate London 
 usque ad dictam civitatem Wigorn. ut per billas de par- 
 cellis inde factas et per dictum auditorem examinatas 
 penes eundem auditorem remanentes plenius patet. 
 
 Summa 55*. in onere magistri decani. 
 
 Soluciones annualium reddituum. 
 Et in consimilibus denariis per dictum receptorem hoc anno 
 solutis Johanni Scudamore, armigero, receptori domini 
 Regis in comitatu Wigornie, de et pro redditibus regie 
 magestati reservatis nomine decimarum sive annualium 
 decimarum partium omnium illarum terrarum et pos- 
 sessionum modo ad predictam ecclesiamcathedralem per- 
 tinencium, videlicet, in allocacione hujusmodi redditus 
 eidem domino debiti ad Festum Sancti IVIichaelis Arch- 
 angel! dicto anno xxxv° Regis predicti, vigore cuiusdam 
 bille de solucione inde date die [blank in MS.] anno 
 [blank in MS.] Regis predicti manu eiusdem Johannis 
 signate summam sequentem ad usum dicti domini 
 Regis solutam testificantis super hunc computum 
 liberate et remanentis plenius patet . . . 150.J. 
 
 Summa 20*. in onere Magistri decani et 
 residuum allocatur in pede compoti. 
 
 Reparaciones. 
 Et in denariis per predictum computantem irifra tempus 
 predictum solutis pro diversis reparacionibus factis in et 
 super domos et edificaciones infra ambitum circuitum 
 et procinctum dicte ecclesie cathedralis scituatas et 
 constructas, quam in et super tenementa infra civita- 
 tem Wigorn. Sanctuarium et diversa manneria, grangia 
 rectorias, molendina, pinfaldos et alias edificaciones ad 
 predictam ecclesiam Cathedralem modo spectancia vel 
 pertinencia ut patet per quendam librum de huiusmodi 
 reparacionibus et qualibet inde parcella manibus
 
 WORCESTER. 163 
 
 diuersorum prebeiidarlorum signatum super hunc com- 
 putum liberatum et penes auditorem remaneiitem 43/. 1 8s. 2^d. 
 Sumina 43/. i8a'. 2^d. cum 12s. ^d. pro 
 
 Domino Episcopo et 43/. ^s. ^^d. pro 
 
 magistro Decano. 
 
 Et in consimilibus denariis per predictum Receptorem hoc 
 anno solutis tarn diuersis personis laborantibus in emen- 
 dacione Regie vie in diuersis locis et partibus circa 
 civitatem Wigornie et alibi infra comitatum Wigornie 
 efFunderate quam in empcione nonnullorum plaustrorum 
 lapidum et arenarum in eisdem viis sic effunderatis 
 imponendis una cum cariagio eorundem, videlicet in 
 allocacione huiusmodi reparacione dictarum regiarum 
 viarum secundum tenorem et effectum carte domini 
 Regis predict! ut per dictum librum predicti receptoris 
 signatum et remanentem .... 20/. 
 
 Soluciones Pencionum. 
 Et in denariis per dictum computantem solutis Episcopo 
 Wigornie pro pencionibus ecclesiarum dicte ecclesie 
 Cathedralis appropriatarum ultra 6s. 'id. soluto eidem 
 episcopo per balliuum manerii de Stoke prior pro 
 ecclesia de Stole predicta, ut in compoto eiusdem 
 Balliui plenius patet et sic in allocacione hoc anno ut in 
 precedente ...... 60s. 
 
 Summa 605. in onere domini episcopi. 
 
 Empcio librorum et aliorum necessariorum pro Ecclesia. 
 Et in denariis per predictum Receptorem solutis tam pro 
 libro pro missis celebrandis cera candelis thure pane 
 eucharistie quam pro custu cariagii unacum 13J. 40^. 
 de regardo dato Willelmo Woluerley pro custodia 
 vestimentorum dicte ecclesie pertinencium ut patet per 
 librum de parcellis inde factis hoc anno . 9/. i is. ^d. 
 
 Lotrici linthiaminum pro dicta ecclesia. 
 Et in denariis per ipsum computantem similiter solutum 
 communi lotrici pro locione apparatus siue linthiaminum 
 eiusdem ecclesie ut patet per dictum librum . .10^.
 
 164 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Expense extraordinarie. 
 Et in denariis per dictum computantem solutis Ricardo 
 
 lister uni canonicorum existenti procurator! tempore 
 
 convocacionis . . . .61. 135. ^d. 
 
 Ricardo Ewer pro examinacione libri statutorum ecclesie 165. 2d. 
 Et pro scriptura libri compoti Episcopi Rofensis . . 3^. 4^. 
 
 Et pro custibus et expensis diuersorum huiusmodi equi- 
 
 tancium circa negocia expedibilia tarn per mandatum 
 
 Domini Episcopi nuper Decani . . .185. 
 
 Quam per mandatum magistri Decani moderni et 
 
 aliorum prebendariorum . . . 22.?. jod. 
 
 Stipendio Lodouici Morys, communis bedelli dicte ecclesie 26s. id. 
 Regardo dato Henrico Webley pro labore eius habito 
 
 circa Receptam denariorum possessionum ecclesie 46 j. Sd. 
 
 Et Regardis datis Willelmo Walter deputato Auditoris 
 
 pro laboribus suis tempore auditus . . 26,?. %d. 
 
 Ac pro expensis officiariorum equitancium circa curias 
 
 tenendas, hoc anno ..... 20^. 
 
 In toto . 15/. 135. ^d. 
 
 Custus in lege. 
 Et in denariis solutis per eundem Receptorem solutis tarn 
 [blank in MS.]. 
 
 Diuisis denariorum Decano et canonicis. 
 Et in denariis per dictum computantem solutis [blank in MS.]. 
 
 Liberacio denariorum. 
 Et in denariis liberatis Johanni Barlow, Decano Ecclesie 
 
 Cathedralis predicte per manus Rogeri Necham . 9/. 
 
 Et per manus Gylberti Borne, Rogeri Neckham, Johannis 
 
 Lawerne, Rogeri Stanforde et Humfridi Webley . 34/. 
 
 Ex assignacione et liberacione Domini Henrici Episcopi 
 Rofensis ex recognicione dicti Magistri Decani super 
 computum Vacat quia in pede 
 
 Summa omnium allocacionum pre- 
 
 dictarum . . 1122/. 3*. ii^r/. 
 
 Et debet . . . 311/- iiv. 9|rf.
 
 WORCESTER. 165 
 
 1545, 20 March. Surrender by Dean and Chapter to 
 Henry VIII. of 3 manors and a rectory in consideration 
 of being relieved of the maintenance of 12 Scholars at 
 the Universities. 
 
 [Wore. Cath. Man., A. vii. i, f. 73 (b). This is partly printed 
 in Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. xiv., App., pt. 8, p. 185.] 
 
 Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos presens Scriptum pervenerit 
 Decanus et Capitulum Ecclesie Cathedralis Wigorn. salutem. 
 
 Cum dominus Henricus Octavus Dei gracia Anglie, Francie 
 et Hibernie Rex, fidei defensor et in terra Ecclesie Anglicane et 
 Hibernice Supremum Caput, per litteras suas patentes gerentes 
 datum xxiiij'" die Januarii anno regni sui tricesimo tercio de 
 gracia sua speciali erexit et fundault Ecclesiam Cathedralem 
 predictam, ac per alias litteras suas patentes gerentes datum 
 xxiiij*" die Januarii anno regni sui tricesimo tercio dederit et 
 concesserit nobis prefatis Decano etCapitulo et successoribus nostris 
 diuersa maneria, terras, tenementa, rectorias et alia possessiones 
 et hereditamenta in eisdem litteris patentibus expressa et speci- 
 ficata, prout per easdem separales* litteras patentes inter alia 
 plane liquet. Et ulterius cum dictus dominus Rex per ordina- 
 ciones et statuta fundacionis Ecclesie Cathedralis predicte 
 ordinavit et constituit quod nos prefati decanus et capitulum et 
 successores nostri annuatim et imperpetuum inuenire et sustentare 
 deberemus duodecim sacre Theologie studentes, et ad onus 
 sustentacionis cuiuslibet eorundem duodecim studencium soluere 
 teneremur annuatim sex libras septem solidos quatuor denarios et 
 unum quadrantem legalis monete Anglie ; 
 
 Sciatis quod nos prefati decanus et capitulum in consideracione 
 et ea intencione quod dictus Dominus Rex nunc heredes et 
 successores sui nos prefatos Decanum et capitulum et successores 
 nostros de onere et sustentacione studencium predictorum et 
 eorum cuiuslibet de cetero imperpetuum exonerare acquietare et 
 
 • Wrongly altered by Dr. Poole in his Hist. MSS. Rep., p. 185, into " speciales." 
 The several letters patent is a quite correct legal expression and there was nothing 
 special about them.
 
 i66 
 
 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 indempnes totaliter conseruare dignaretur, unanimi consensu et 
 assensu nostris dedimus concessimus et hoc present! scripto nostro 
 confirmamus prefato domino nostro Regi totum illud dominium 
 et manerium nostrum de Alveston et Tydyngton ac dominia et 
 maneria nostra de Alveston et Tydyngton cum suis iuribus 
 membris et pertinenciis universis in comitatu Warrici Ac totum 
 illud dominium et manerium nostrum de Icome cum suis iuribus 
 membris et pertinenciis universis in comitatu Wigornie Ac 
 totam Rectoriam nostram et ecclesiam nostram de Dudder- 
 hyll Et totam rectoriam nostram et ecclesiam nostram de 
 Lenchewicke cum earum iuribus et pertinenciis universis in 
 comitatu Wigornie Ac aduocaciones donaciones liberas disposi- 
 ciones et iura patronatuum vicariarum ecclesiarum parochialium 
 de Dudderhill et Lenchewicke in dicto comitatu Wigornie Ac 
 omnia mesuagia terras tenementa molendina tofta cotagia prata 
 pascuas pasturas communias vasta campum brueras boscos 
 subboscos penciones porciones decimas oblaciones obvenciones 
 redditus reverciones ferme iura lete visus francplegiorum catalla 
 wauia extrahuras catalla felonum et fugitiuorum liberas warrennas 
 ac omnia alia iura proficua comoditates emolumenta et heredita- 
 menta nostra quecumque in Alveston et Tydyngton in dicto 
 comitatu Warrici ac in Icome Dudderhill Lenchewicke et Norton 
 in dicto comitatu Wigornie ac alibi ubicunque in eisdem 
 comitatibus dictis dominiis et manerlis ac rectoriis seu eorum 
 alicui quoquomodo spectancia vel pertinencia aut ut membra vel 
 parcelle eorundem dominiorum et maneriorum ac rectoriarum seu 
 eorum alicuius antehac habita cognita accepta usitata seu reputata 
 existencia Que quidem maneria rectorie mesuagia terre tenementa 
 et cetera premissa modo se extendunt et attingunt ad clarum 
 annuum valorem septuaginta septem librarum octo solidorum sex 
 denariorum et vnius obuli Exceptis tamen semper et nobis prefatis 
 decano et capitulo et successoribus nostris omnino reservatis omni- 
 bus illis decimis salis in Droytwiche in dicto comitatu Wignornie 
 nobis spectantibus et pertinentibus Ac tota ilia annua pencione 
 viginti solidorum nobis spectante et pertinente ac solvenda et 
 exeunte de rectoria de Icome in dicto comitatu Wigornie 
 
 Habendum tenendum et gaudendum predicta dominia maneria
 
 WORCESTER. 167 
 
 rectorias mesuagia terras tenementa prata pasturas aduocaciones 
 redditus reverciones servicia et cetera omnia et singula premissa 
 superius expressa et specificata cum eorurn pertinenciis universis, 
 exceptis preexceptis, prefato domino nostro Regi Henrico octauo 
 heredibus et successoribus suis imperpetuum ad proprium opus 
 et vsum ipsius domini nostri regis heredum et successorum 
 suorum imperpetuum. 
 
 Et nos vero predicti decanus et capitulum et successores 
 nostri omnia predicta dominia maneria Rectorias et cetera 
 premissa cum pertinenciis exceptis preexceptis prefato domino 
 nostro Regi heredibus et successoribus suis contra omnes gcntes 
 warrantizabimus et imperpetuum defendemus per presentes. 
 
 In cuius rei testimonium sigillum nostrum commune pre- 
 sentibus apposuimus Datis in domo nostra capitulari vicesimo die 
 Marcii anno regni dicti domini regis nunc Henrici octaui xxxvij". 
 
 1553, 27 June. Decree of Court of Augmentations of 
 the Revenues of the Crown releasing the Dean and 
 Chapter from claim of Crown for arrears of rents of 
 manors surrendered in May 1545, in consideration of the 
 cessation of University Exhibitions. 
 
 [Wore. Cath. Mun., B. ^,5.] 
 
 Memorandum, Where there dependeth uppon the Deane and 
 Chapitour of the Cathedrall Churche of Wourcetour the some of 
 Twentie six poundes twalf shillings viij'' for the arrerages of the 
 rentes of the Manour of AluestOn in the Countie of Warwike, 
 and of the Manour of Icombe in the countie of Gloucester, and 
 of the personadge of Doderhill in the Countye of Wourcetour, 
 supposed to be behinde and unpayd at the feast of the Annun- 
 ciacion of our Ladie in the xxxvj"^ yere of the Reigne of 
 thexcellent prynce of famous memory Henrye the eight, late king 
 of Englande, for that that the said Deane and Chapiter by ther dede 
 bearing date before the said feast had gyven and graunted the 
 said manours and personadge to the said late king his heyres and 
 successoures for ever. 
 
 Forasmoche as the said Deane and Chapiter did surrender
 
 l68 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 & graunt the premisses into the said late kinges handes in con- 
 sideracion that they and their successours for ever should be 
 dischardged of the fyndyng and exhibicion of xij students in the 
 Uniuersyties of OxfFord and Cambridge, which they were apoynted 
 to fynde upon the ereccion of the said Cathedrall Churche And 
 that it appereth by the certificat of the Kings Maiestie's Auditour 
 in the countie forsaid that the sayd Deane and Chapiter payd 
 the exhibicion of the said xij students for the half yere ended at 
 the feast of the Annunciacion of Our Ladie forsaid in the said 
 xxxvj yere of the Reigne of the said late king, amounting to the 
 some of 35/. 4f/., according to their said foundacion 
 
 And furthermore that the dede of the graunt of the premisses 
 was made by thofFycers of the late courte of Augmentacions of 
 the Revenues of the King's Crowne, and dated before the said 
 feast of the Annunciacion of Our Ladye in the said xxxvj yere of 
 the Reigne of the said late king And neuertheless was sent 
 downe to Wourcetour to the said Deane and Chapiter and by 
 them sealed and delivered to the said late king's use in the 
 chapter house in the moneth of May then next followinge, so that 
 the King's Maiesty neither in lawe nor consciens ought to be 
 ousted of the yssues and proffitts of the said manoures and 
 parsonadge, but syns and after the said feaste of thannunciacion 
 of Our Ladye beforenamed, and not before 
 
 It is therby ordryd and Decreed by the Chauncellour and 
 generall Surveyours of the said Courte of Thaugmentacions and 
 Revenues of the King's Majesty's Crowne in the Terme of Holy 
 Tryny tie, that is to say, the xxvij*"" of June in the sixt yere of the 
 Raigne of our soueraigne Lorde Edward the Sixt by the grace of 
 God King of England, France and Ireland, Defender of the 
 faithe, and of the Church of England and also of Ireland in 
 earth the Supreme Heade, that the said Deane and Chapiter shalbe 
 dischardged of the said arrerages of Twenty six poundes twelf 
 shillings eight pens and of every parcell thereof 
 
 Ry. Sakevyle. 
 Thomas Moyle. 
 Wa. Mildmaye. 
 
 Examinatur per R. Duke.
 
 WORCESTER. 169 
 
 1545-6. Educational Expenditure in first Treasurer's 
 Account. 
 
 Arrears none because the first account of the present Treasurer. 
 Price of 9^ yards of livery cloth for the ministers, and so left 
 31/. Ss. 
 
 Stipend of John Fathers, Teacher or Pedagogue of the school 
 there, 20/. ; stipend of Richard Allen, undermaster of the same 
 school, 10/. Stipends of 40 poor boys, scholars in the said 
 church, daily nourished or maintained by reason of teaching them 
 in the said school, 100/. i3.s\ ^d. Salaries of 12 scholars studying 
 and being in the University of Oxford or Cambridge, each of 
 them according to his degree and estate as specified in the 
 Treasurer's book, for the first part of the year, 35/. 45. ^d. 
 Computus Henrici Jolyff, Thesaurarii 36-7 Henrici VIII. 
 Arreragia nulla quia primus computus ipsius nunc Thesaurarii 
 [Received from Receiver-General, 11 67/. 17^. or/.]. 
 In precio 9^ virgatis panni liberati pro ministris et sic 
 
 relicti . . . . . 31/. 85. od. 
 
 Et in stipendio Johannis Pathers Preceptoris siue 
 
 Pedagogi scole ibidem . . . 20/. o^. od. 
 
 Et in stipendio Ricardi Alen hipodidasculi eiusdem scole i o/. o^. od. 
 Et in stipendiis xP" puerorum paruulorum ac scolasti- 
 corum infra predictam ecclesiam indies enutritorum siue 
 sustentatorum racione erudiendi eos infra scolam pre- 
 dictam ..... 100/. 135. 4^. 
 Et in salariis xij scolasticorum studencium et existencium 
 infra Academiam seu Universitatem Oxoniensem et 
 Cantabrigiensem, videlicet cuilibet eorum juxta gradum 
 et statum in libro dicti Thesaurarii specificatum, pro 
 prima parte anni . . , . 35/. .|5. ^d. 
 
 1545, 25 Nov. Nomination of Scholars in Grammar 
 School divided among Dean and Canons. 
 
 [Chapter Act Book I., D. 363, 37 H. 8.] 
 
 At the said Chapiter it is decreed bie the said Mr. Deane and 
 Chapiter that these scolers whose names herafter folowe and 
 
 z
 
 170 
 
 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 the romithe of them from tyme to tyme In the gramer scole shall 
 
 apertayne and belong to the nominacion and apoyntement of the 
 
 Deane and Prebendaries as folowethe, Provided that if any of the 
 
 choristers be apte and redie for the said gramer scole that they 
 
 the said choristers to have the said romithe then void, and the 
 
 said Mr. Deane or prebendary to whom the said romithe shall 
 
 aperteyne to apoynt and chose a chorister in the place of hym so 
 
 removed to the gramer scole. 
 
 Richard Alen "^ 
 
 Mighell Follyat 
 
 Edmund Bradford 
 
 Harrie Mydlemore 
 
 John Hyggyns 
 
 Richard Conysbye 
 
 Fraunces Blunt and 
 
 Edmund Synes 
 
 Edmund Foster 
 
 John Bolyngham and 
 
 John Crabbe 
 
 John Ewer 
 
 James Bell 
 
 John Pygyne 
 
 John Perryne 
 
 Thomas Joliff 
 
 Richard Bell 
 
 John Blunt 
 
 Thomas Tolson 
 
 Raphe Sheldon 
 
 Roger Dedycott 
 
 Harry Gephreyes 
 
 Richard Bucke 
 
 Thomas Kyrton 
 
 Martyne Roasie 
 
 Humfrey Wright 
 
 Edmund Cole 
 
 George Browne 
 
 Edmund Marrott 
 
 pro Magistro Decano. 
 
 pro Magistro Jonson. 
 
 pro Magistro Browne. 
 
 pro Magistro Ewer. 
 
 pro Magistro Joliff. 
 
 pro Magistro Borne. 
 
 pro Magistro Neckham. 
 
 pro Magistro Lawarn. 
 
 pro Magistro Stanford.
 
 WORCESTER. lyt 
 
 Roger Boyle 
 
 Robert Wyld ^ pro Magistro Webley. 
 
 Thomas Fytkyn 
 
 Harry Hybbyns 
 
 Harry Welles ^ pro Magistro Lyste. 
 
 Richard Alyngton 
 
 Thomas Saxon pro Magistro Jonson et Magistro Browne. 
 
 Richard Nedeham pro Magistro Ewer et Magistro Joliff. 
 
 Humfrey Frost pro Magistro Borneet Magistro Neckham. 
 
 James Pyther pro Magistro Lawarn et Stanford. 
 
 Richard Percye pro Magistro Webley et Lyste. 
 
 Memorandum the x daye of Aprell Thomas Dockyng was 
 admitted on of the kynges scolers in the gramer scole in the 
 romethe of Richard Alen, late scoler there at the appoyntement 
 of Mr. John Barlo, Deane. 
 
 In the 38"" yere of King Henrye the Eight .... the xiii day of 
 
 Maye. 
 
 Thomas Badger was admitted [etc.] in the romithe of Mighell 
 Follyott .... Dean. 
 
 John Foster [etc.], in the romithe of Edmund Foster .... 
 Browne. 
 The xxiij day of June 
 
 Christopher Symcoxe, late chorister, in the romethe of 
 Stanford .... George Browne. 
 
 Richard Marrett, late chorister, in the romithe of Roger 
 Dedycott .... Neckham. 
 
 The xxvij Day of September 
 
 Henrie Dobynson, in the romethe of Richard Conysbie .... 
 Jonson. 
 
 The xxvj day of November 
 
 John Hastynges, in the romethe of Humfrey Wright .... 
 Lawarn. 
 
 1546, 8 Dec. Master and Usher admonished by Dean 
 and Chapter 1546. 
 
 Memorandum that the viii"" dave of December there was a
 
 172 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 monicion gyven bie Mr. Deane and the Chapiter in the chapiter 
 house. 
 
 Alen, usher of the gramer scole, be his avoydance furthe of 
 that romethe, with also a former monicion gyven to the said 
 Usher bie the lord bishopp of Worcester, the Deane and Chapiter 
 at the said busshoppesbeyng her. 
 
 Md. that the xi day of Decembre there was lick monicion 
 geven to Mr. Pither, scholmaster, bie the said Deane and Chapiter 
 in the chapiter house, with also a former monicione at the lord 
 bushoppes beyng here. 
 
 1546-7. Educational Payments by Treasurer. 
 Computus Ricardi Ewer Thesaurarii [etc.], 38 H. VIII. — 
 
 I Edward VI. 
 
 Et in consimili stipendio siue salarlo Ricardi Fyssher 
 
 instructoris choristarum cantancium . . 11/. 6s. id. 
 
 Et in consimilibus stipendiis x"™ choristarum . 33/. 6s. Sd. 
 
 Et in consimilibus stipendiis Johannis Fathers Archididas- 
 culi scole gramaticalis ibidem ad 20/. et Ricardi Alen 
 hippodidasculi ad 10/. . . . 30/. o*. od. 
 
 Et in consimilibus stipendiis concessis xl'* pueris parvu- 
 lis gramaticam discentibus infra supradictam cathedra- 
 lem ecclesiam enutritis et sustentatis racione erudiendi 
 eos infra predictam gramaticam scolam, scilicet eorum 
 cuilibet versus victum et vestitum suum 2/. 13*. ^.d. per 
 annum ..... 106/. 13^. ^d. 
 
 1546. Certificate under the Act for the dissolution of 
 Chantries, 2y Henry VIII., c. 4, as to the chantry in 
 St. Nicholas Church, the Chantry Priest in the Trinity 
 Gild Chapel and the Trinity Gild itself 
 
 [P.R.O., Chan. Cert. 25, No. i.] 
 
 The citey of Worcettur. 
 
 The service of a preste within the parish churche of 
 
 Saint Nicholas. 
 
 The foresaid service was founded partely by the bequestes of 
 
 diverse persones and partely purchasede by diverse devote persons
 
 WORCESTER. I73 
 
 of tholde deuocions for and towards the sustentacion of one 
 preste not onely to saye masse within the said churche but alsoe 
 to helpe the parsone and curate there in tymes of nede, because 
 the parishe dothe abounde of houselynge people aboute the 
 number of 500, and the said preste is removable at the will of the 
 paroch. Yerely valew 61. 2s. 6d. 
 
 Rents resolute payed to diverse persons by yere 2s. ^d. for 
 diverse obites and almes yerely distributed 3.?. 6d. 
 
 Clere yerely revenewe i iSs. ^d. wiche byn employed and ex- 
 pended to the mayntenance of a preste ther to helpe the parson 
 and curate accordynge to the fyrste ordinance therof. 
 
 The service foresaid is appoynted by the first ordynance to 
 helpe the parsone and curate of the parishe churche of Saynte 
 Nicolas. 
 
 There were no other landes ne proffytes belongynge to the 
 said service syns 4 Feb., 27 Henry VIII. 
 
 The Chauntre within the chappele of tholye Trynitie in the 
 parisshe of Saynt Nicolas within the saied citie of Worcettur. 
 
 The said Chauntrey was founded by Richarde Norton and 
 others by virtue of the kyngs lycence dated the xviij of Februarye 
 anno xlv Regis Edwardi tercii to fynde a preste to synge masse 
 perpetuallie for the soules of the said Richarde and all crystyns as 
 by the same licence shewed before the Commissioners maye 
 appere and is soe used hetherto by the Reporte. 
 
 Yerely valew of the Revenuez accordyng to the Boke of Firste 
 Fruyts and Tenthes 1 1/. 3^. yd. 
 
 The yerely valewe accordyng to this presente surveye 10/. 2s. 
 
 The annuell deduccions and Resolucions goynge owte of 
 euery of them particulerly. 
 
 Rents resoluts payed to the Bisshopp of Worcester 2*., to the 
 parson of Saynt Nicholas by yere 6s. %d. 
 
 The clere yerely Reuenuez and proffitts of euery of them and 
 in what sorte they ben expended. 
 
 9/. 13.V. ^d. wich bin employed to the sustentacion of Richard 
 Stone, chappleyne ther, accordynge to the Foundacion. 
 
 The said Chauntrye is no parisshe churche of ytselfe but is
 
 174 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 within the parisshe of Saynte Nicolas and is distaunt from the said 
 church ccc foote and is a great helpe to the parisshe. 
 
 There are no other landes belongenge to the seyed Chauntrey 
 synce the 4 Februarie anno 27 Henry VIII. other then are before 
 mencioned excepte ^os. by yere for a certeyn oblacion to the 
 Image of the Trynitie nowe leyd downe and extinguisshe. 
 
 The Guilde or fraternitie of the Holly Trinitie within the 
 parishe of Saint Nicolas there. 
 
 The said Guyld or brotherhed was stablisshed and conffirmed 
 by Kinge Henry the fourth to the laude of God and honor of the 
 Holly Trinitie in the church or chappell of the Trinitie ther by 
 his letters patent gevinge auctoritie by the same to make and 
 stablishe a certeyn perpetuall chauntrie of iij chappleyns or prestes 
 to synge masse perpetuallie for the said Kynge and all crysten 
 soules as by the copie of the said letters patents shewed to the 
 said Commissioners may appere. Yerely valew 13/. 85. Sd. 
 
 Rents resolute payed to diverse persones by yere 20^. 2d. 
 iiij obites there celebrate by yere 4.V. Sd. 24*. loc^. 
 
 Clere yerely revenewe 12/. 3?. lod. wiche byn imployed to 
 the fyndynge of one preste called William Halverton fer to saye 
 masse for the founder and all cristen soules ; whereas by the 
 foundacion they ought to maynteyne iij prestes. 
 
 The said guild is no parishe churche of ytselffe but lyeth 
 wythyn the parishe of Saynte Nicholas within the said citie. 
 
 There were no other landes or profits since 4 Feb., 
 27 H. VIII. 
 
 1546 — 8. Payments by City in respect of purchase of 
 Trinity Hall. 
 
 [Earliest extant City account book, beginning 31 Henry VIII., 1539-] 
 1 546. Expenses of the gild chaplain for a commission at 
 London for the Trinity 11.?. 1547- Paid Thomas Perton for 
 riding to the Lord Protector for the City's mastership, 4/. 
 
 37-38 Henry VIII., 1545-6. 
 Et solutis Ricardo Helbarow pro expensis suis et pro uno 
 
 [.v/c] commissione pro Trinitate apud Loundon . I1.J.
 
 WORCESTER. 175 
 
 38 Henry VIII.— i Edward VI., 1546-7. 
 Solutis Thome Perton pro equitacione Domino Protectori 
 
 pro le mistre dicte ciuitatis et aliis negociis . . 4/. 
 
 I — 2 Edward VI., 1547-8. 
 Item paid "William Adice for writing of certen writings 
 
 about the Trinite . . . , .3.?. od. 
 
 1548, Sat. before 1 3 Jan. The City Council send to 
 buy the Bridge House, otherwise Trinity Hall, from the 
 Crown. 
 
 [City Muniments. Chamber Order Book, 1540 — 1601, f. 32''.] 
 
 Ciuitas Wigornie. 
 
 Communicacio ibidem tenta die Sabbati proximo ante festum 
 Sancti Hillarii anno secundo Edwardi sexti. 
 
 Att which day it was agreed that Mr. Thomas Wright, lowe 
 alderman, shall goo to Lundon this terme for the mater con- 
 sernynge the bryggehowse alias Trynyte hall, and to have for 
 every day 2. v. 
 
 1548. Certificate under the Act for the dissolution of 
 Colleges and Chantries, i Edward VI., c. 14, as to the 
 Trinity Gild and School. 
 
 [P.R.O., Chanc. Cert., 60, 61. Printed in English Schools at the 
 Reformation, by A. F. Leach. Constable and Co., 1896, p. 267.] 
 
 The Countie of Worcettour. 
 The Certifycatte of the Suruey of alle the late collagys, chaun- 
 tryes, free chappelles, fraternityes, brotherdes, and Guyldes, with the 
 valewe of all the landes and tenementes belongyng to the same ; 
 and also of alle the landes gyven for the fynding of any stipendary 
 priste, or for the mayntenaunce of any obyttes, lyghtes and 
 lampes, now in the Icinges Maiesties handes by the late acte of 
 parliament ; with the names of the townes and parishes, Maisters, 
 gouernours, Jncumbentes and such other persons whose lyuynges 
 the kynges Maiestie is entutled unto by the said late acte 
 bering date the 14"" daye of february anno regni nuper Regis
 
 176 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 henrici octaui 37° ; with the yerely deduccouns gyven out of any 
 the premisses for the mayntennce of any scole or Relyf of the 
 pore within the said shere ; by vertue of the kynges highnes 
 Comyssion, beryng date the 14"* daye of february, in the seconde 
 yere of the reigne of our moste dreade soueraigne lorde Ed- 
 warde VI., by the grace of God of Englande, France, and Irelonde 
 kyng, defender of the fayth, and in earthe of the churche of 
 Englande and Irelonde supreme hedd, to Sir John Pakynton, 
 knyght. Sir Robert Acton, knyght, John Skewdamour, Esquyer, 
 William Sheldon, Esquyer, George Willoughby, William Grene, 
 Willyam Crouche, and John Bowrne, directed. 
 The Citie of Worcettor. 
 
 5 . The Paryshe of Seynt Nicholas, within the Citie of worcettor, 
 wherin be of houselyng people the nomber of six hunderth. 
 
 The Guylde or fraternytie of the Trynytie in the paryshe of 
 saynt Nicholas aforesaid. 
 
 John Olyuer, bacheler of arte, Incumbent there, of the age of 
 thyrtie yeres, well learnyd, and of honeste conuersacion. 
 
 The yerely valewe of all the landes and tenementes belongyng 
 to the said guylde as apperythe by the particuler of the same, 
 13/. 17*. ■]d. ; wherof 
 
 In repryses yerely owt of the same, 26s. 6d. And so remains 
 clere, 12/. lis. id. 
 
 Plate, 18 ounces. Goodes, presid at 11/. 
 
 Prechers, None. A Scoole, as in the Memorandum vnder 
 wrytten apperyth. 
 
 To the poore owt of the clere yerely valewe, 107^'. 46?. 
 
 IVIemorandum : hit was presented by John Callowe, Maister 
 of the said Guylde ; Thomas wylde, and Richarde Dedycote, 
 baylyfes of the said Citie ; Robert yowll, aldermann, of the same 
 Citie ; JThomas Parton, Citizen ; Thomas Johnson and Richard 
 hasyllocke, Stewardes or wardens of the said Guylde, that there 
 hath byn tyme owt of mynde a Free scole kept within the said 
 Citie in a grete hall belongyng to the said Guylde called the 
 Trynitie hall, the scole master wherof for the tyme beyng hath 
 hade yerely for his stypend ten poundes, wherof was paid owt 
 of the reueneus of the said landes by the Master and stewardes
 
 WORCESTER. 1 77 
 
 of the said Guylde for the tyme beyng, 61. 13^. 40?., And the 
 resydewe of the said stypend was collected and gathered of the 
 deuocion and benyuolence of the brothers and systers of the said 
 Guylde ; And, further, hit was presentid that by the space of 
 foure or fyve yeres or more last past or there aboutes the walls of 
 the said Citie, and one great stone brydge with ten Arches within 
 the same Citie, called Syuerne brigge, and the said tenementes, 
 howsis, and cotages belongyng to the said Guylde, were ruynous 
 and in greate decaye. By reason wherof they lefte the kepyng of 
 the said Scolemaster by the said space of foure or fyve yeres or 
 more, and Imployed and bestowed the said money that dyd vse 
 to fynde the saide Scolemaster, to the necessary reparacions of the 
 said walles, brigges, howses, tenementes and cotages, and the 
 same beying repayred, they, before the Feaste of seynt michaell 
 the archaungell last past, prouyded and haue founde an honest 
 lernyd scolemaster within the said hall in lyke maner as they 
 before tyme dyd ; that is to say, one John Olyuer, bachelor of 
 Arte, who hathe there at this present time aboue the number off a 
 hundred Scolers. 
 
 [Ibid., Cert. 61. Printed in Leach's English Schools at the Re- 
 formation, p. 273.] 
 
 The County of Worcester. 
 
 A breif declaracoun of alle and singler the late Colledges, 
 chaunteries, free chappelles, fraternities, brotherhoodes and 
 Guyldes, with other lyke promocouns within the said countie, 
 gyven to the kynges Maiestie by Acte of parleament lately in 
 that behalf prouided ; with the namys of the Incumbentes, 
 Maisters, Gouernors, and other mynysters with there yerely 
 stypendes or wagys, the Tenth deducted : with alle Scoole- 
 masters, Prechers, and bedmen, havyng any yerely relyef out of 
 the premisses as hereafter doth ensue. 
 
 The Cytie of Worcester. 
 Parishe of Saynt Nicholas. 
 
 6. The Guyld of the holy Trynyte, within the said paryshe 
 and Cytie. 
 
 Memorandum : there is a house called the Trynitie Hall, 
 with certen landes and tenementes belongyng to the said Guylde 
 to the clere yerely value of 13/. 17^. lod., whych hath byn 
 
 A A
 
 lyS EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 always employed, as hit was presented before the Kynges 
 Maiestyes Commyssioners there, to the mayntennaunce of one 
 scolemaster ther to teche Freely Gramer, 6/. 13.?. ^d. ; And to 
 diuers pore people Inhabyting in 24 Cotages or Almshouses 
 adioynyng to the Trynite Hall there, 107.V. 4^/. As aforesaid. 
 And so remayneth of the said some but 37?. 2c/., which some the 
 presenters did afFerme to be not sufficient for the yerely repayr- 
 yng of the said Hall, cotages and Almeshouses. 
 
 Memorandum : that John Olyver, Gierke, is now scolemaster 
 there, and hath yerely tenn merkes for his wagis. 
 
 Continuatur quousque the pore ; For the Scale may cease, for 
 ther is one other in the towne of the Kinges fundacion ; and this 
 is no Scho/e of any purpos, as it is credehly said. 
 
 1548, 20 July. Warrant of Commissioners under Chan- 
 tries Act for continuance of Schools and poor for Wor- 
 cester Trinity Gild School and poor, and four other 
 schools in Worcestershire. 
 
 [P.R.O. School Continuance Warrant, No. 11. Printed in A. F. 
 Leach's English Schools at the Reformation, by A. F. Leach, p. 279.] 
 
 Wee, Sir Walter Myldemay, Knight, and Robert Keylwey, 
 Esquyer, Commyssioners, appoynted by the Kinges maiesties 
 Commyssion, vnder the greate seale of England, bearyng date 
 the 20*'' day of June last past, touchyng order to be taken for the 
 mayntenaunce and continuaunce of Scoles and preachers, and of 
 preestes and curates of necessitie for seruynge of cures and 
 mynistracion of sacramentes, and for money and other thinges to 
 be contynewed and paide to the poore, and for diuerse other 
 thinges appoynted to be done and executed by vertue of the 
 same Commyssion To the Audytour and Receyvour of the 
 Revenues of the court of the augmentacions and Revenues of the 
 Kynges maiesties crowne in the Countie of Worcester, and to 
 either of them, greatyng. 
 
 Forasmoche as it appereth by the certificate of the particuler 
 surveiour of landes of the saide Courte in the saide Countie, that 
 a Scole and dyuerse poore people inhabytinge in xxiiij Cotages or 
 Almeshowses in Worcettour haue been yerely kepte and susteynid
 
 WORCESTER. 179 
 
 with the revenues of the Guylde of the Holy Trynyte within the 
 parlshe of saynt Nicholas in the Citie of Worcettour. 
 
 And that a grammer Schole hath been contynuallye kepte 
 in Kyngesnorton in the said countie, whiche Schole is very mete 
 and necessarie to be contynewed. 
 
 And that a grammer Schole hathe been contynuallie kepte in 
 Bromsgrove (etc.), whiche (etc.). 
 
 And that a grammer Schole hathe been contynuallie kepte in 
 Rocke (etc.), and that the Scholemaster there hathe had (etc.) 
 1 14^., whiche (etc.). 
 
 And also that a grammer Schole hathe been contynuallie 
 kepte in Evesham (etc.) And that the Scolemaster there hathe 
 had (etc.) lo/., whiche (etc.). 
 
 Wee therefore the saide Commyssioners by vertue and auc- 
 thoritie of the saide commyssion have assigned and appoynted 
 that the saide schole in the parishe of Saynte Nicholas in Worce- 
 tour aforesaide shall continue, and that the Scholemaster there 
 shall haue and enjoye the Rome of scolemaster there, and shall 
 haue yerelye for his wages 6/. 13?. ^d. 
 
 And that the said pore people inhabiting in the said xxiiij 
 cotages or almeshowses shall contynew in the same howses, and 
 shall haue yerely distributed among them 5/. 7.?. ^.d. 
 
 And that the said Schole in Kyngesnorton aforesaide shall 
 contynue, and that Henry Saunders, Scholemaster there, shall 
 haue (etc.) 10/. 
 
 And that John Porte, Vssher of the Schole in Kinges Norton 
 (etc.), shall haue (etc.) loov. 
 
 And that the saide Schole in Bromsgrove shall contynue, and 
 that William Jones, Scholemaster there, shall haue (etc.) 7/. 
 
 And that the saide Schole in Rocke shall contynue, and that 
 John Ree, Scholemaster there, shall haue (etc.) 114.J. 
 
 And that the saide Schole in Evesham shall contynue, and 
 that John Robyns shall haue (etc.) 10/. 
 
 And we, the saide Commyssioners in the Kynges maiesties 
 behalf, by vertue of the saide Commyssion, do requyre you, the 
 saide Receyvour, that of suche the Kynges money and Revenues 
 as from tyme to tyme shall be and remayne in your handes, you 
 do content and pay yerelie, from Easter last forthwarde, the
 
 ISO EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 saide seuerall sommes of money and wages before mencioned to 
 the persones before rehersed, and to suche other persone and 
 persones as shall haue and enjoye the saide Romes and places of 
 the same persones, to be paide wekelie, or quarterlie, or other- 
 wise, as necessitie shall requyre, vnto suche tyme as further or 
 other order shall be taken for the same. 
 
 And this warraunte shall be to you, the saide Receyvour and 
 Audytour, sufficient discharge for the payment and allowaunce of 
 the same accordynglie. 
 
 Yeuen the 20"" day of July, in the seconde yere of the reigne 
 of our soueraigne lorde Edwarde the sixt, by the grace of God 
 Kinge of Englande, Fraunce and Irelande, defendour of the 
 faithe, and of the Churche of Englande, and also of Irelande, in 
 earth the supreame Heade. 
 
 Wa: Mildmay 
 Robt. Keylwey. 
 
 Examinatur per R. Duke. 
 
 1548-9- Account of Receiver General of Worcestershire 
 
 shewing payment to City bailiffs for 24 poor of Trinity 
 
 Gild and pension to Schoolmaster. 
 
 [P.R.O., Ministers' Accounts, 2-3 Edward VI., No. 115.] 
 Computus Willelmi Sheldon, armigeri. 
 Salaria siue stipendia vicariorum curatorum et ludimagis- 
 
 trorum cum eleemosinis Domini Regis in comitatu Wigornie per 
 
 ordinacionem Walteri Myldmay, militis, et Roberti Kelway, 
 
 armigeri, soluta. 
 
 m. 64. Et in denariis solutis Balliuis ciuitatis Wigornie 
 ad usum xxiiij pauperum inhabitancium in xxiiij 
 cotagiis pertinentibus guilde sanctae Trinitatis ibidem 
 ad 107*. 40?. per annum, sic eisdem extra possessiones 
 eiusdem nuper guilde durante beneplacito Domini Regis 
 concessis videlicet, in allocacione huiusmodi hoc anno ut 
 in precedente ..... 107*. ^.d. 
 
 Penciones. 
 
 Et in pencione . . . Johannis Oliver, clerici, nuper incum- 
 bentis guilde Sancte Trinitatis in parochia Sancti 
 Nicholai in ciuitate Wigornie . . 61. os. ad.
 
 WORCESTER. l8l 
 
 Et [etc., as above] Ricardi Stone, clerici, nuper cantariste 
 
 Sancte Trinitatis in ciuitate Wignornie. . 5/. os. od. 
 
 [The same payment in the same words appears in the Receiver 
 General's account for 4-5 Edward VI., No. 87, 15 50-1.] 
 
 1550. City Payments in respect of purchase of the 
 
 Trinity Hall and continuance of the old Grammar 
 
 School. 
 
 4-5 Edward VI., 1 550-1. 
 
 Item payed to William Adyes for the drawinge and 
 
 ingrossinge the dede of purchase of the Trynyty hall . 3.5. ^d. 
 
 Item payed for the Scolemaister's fee this year . . 405. 
 
 Item to hym more by award made by Mr. Robynson, 
 
 Mr. Dodynge and Mr. Yowie . . . i2.y. 
 
 5-6 E. VI., 1551-2. 
 Item payed to the Scolemaister . . . 135. ^d. 
 
 1552, 23 Dec. The City Council appoint a Committee 
 to answer the Schoolmaster with full powers to treat 
 with him. 
 
 [City Mun., Chamber OrdtT Book, 45 b.] 
 
 At a chamber of communycacion holden in the Councell 
 Chamber the xxiij'* day of December in the yere of Edward the 
 Sixt by the grace of God [etc.] the sixt before Robert Youle and 
 William Evolt, Bayley. 
 
 Scolemaster. 
 
 Hit lyckewise agrede by thassent and concent of the sayde 
 cocell that Mr. Baylies, Mr. Aldermen, Mr. Chamberlens, with 
 others that hath borne offices within the seyde Citie with them to 
 be associate, as they thyncke necessary at all times hereafter, as 
 auctorrysed by the seyde Cocell, that they by assent schall macke 
 a derecte aunswer unto the Scolemaster which was hereof [word 
 illegible] to all his reqests leafuU and what the persons aboue 
 nomynatede and appoyntede doo therin in recevynge hym 
 ageyne, ratefyinge his lyvynge here ageyne or otherwise, as
 
 102 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 they thyncke best, we do ratefye and affirme the same to be 
 all our deds, etc. 
 
 ■'y 
 
 1552, 14 June. A chorister of the Royal Chapel 
 appointed a scholar of the Cathedral Grammar School. 
 
 [Acts of Privy Council, 1552-4, N. S., iv., 1892, p. 78.] 
 
 At Greenwich 14 June, 1552. A lettre to the Deane and 
 Chapter of Westminster to place Roger Coffen, late one of the 
 childerne of the Chappell in the rome of one of the Kinges 
 Majesties schollers in the grammer schole there, to be trayned up 
 in lerning, being removed from the chappell for that his brest is 
 chaungyd. 
 
 A lyke letter to the Dean and Chapter of Cauntorbery for the 
 placing within the Grammer Schole there, William Basden, late 
 one of the chappell. 
 
 A lyke letter to the Dean and Chapter of Worcester for 
 Richard Powell to be placed in the Grammer Schole there, being 
 removed from the chappell as the other above named. 
 
 1554. Epitaph on John Pether, first headmaster of the 
 Cathedral Grammar School and fifth Dean, d. 5 April, 
 
 [A Survey of the Cathedral Chinch of Worcester, by William 
 Thomas, D.D., Rector of St. Nicholas, Worcester, 1737, p. 69. It 
 purports to be taken from MS. Abington. But a very corrupt version 
 is given in A Survey of Worcestershire, by Thomas Habington, 
 c. 1636, ed. John Amphlett, Wore. Hist. Soc, 1895, p. 450.] 
 
 John was a burning and a shining light. 
 
 Sacred to John Peder of cherished memory, most learned 
 theologian, most brave confessor, most faithfull pastor, 5 th dean 
 of this church, and the first to preach the orthodox faith after the 
 restoration of religion by Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 By exile I avoided the flames in Mary's time, but experienced 
 exile harder than death. But I returned in company with 
 returning Christ under the auspices of Eliza, rejoicing in the 
 glad tidings of my glad country.
 
 WORCESTER. 1 83 
 
 I was the voice of the crier, nor was my labour vain for him 
 who reaps what was sown by my mouth. 
 
 The clergy fed with the revenues of this monastery know what 
 I was as its steward. I do not hunt for fame, but I wish for my 
 successors that they may be pastors of body and soul alike. 
 
 Arthur Lake, loth dean,* placed this monument for his praise 
 and remembrance. 
 
 In the Southe He and Crosse compassinge about the Quyre . . . 
 By the way of the South crosse He . . . on the east wall and fyrst 
 place is an inscription in jet over Deane Pedor in thease lynes. 
 
 Johannes fuit Lucerna ardens et lucens. 
 
 C. M. V. 
 
 Johanni Pedoro theologo doctissimo, Confessori fortissimo, 
 
 Pastori fidelissimo 
 
 decano huius ecclesiae quinto 
 
 Primo vero Orthodoxae fidei praeconi post 
 
 Instauratam a Regina Elizabetha Religionem 
 
 Sacrum. 
 
 Exul vitaui Mariano tempore flammas 
 
 expertus flammis durius exilium. 
 Sed reduci Christo redii comes, auspice Eliza, 
 
 nunc laetae patriffi lastus euangelio. 
 Clamantisque fui uox, nee labor irritus isti 
 
 qui metit ore meo quod fuit ante satum. 
 Annonaque sua Clerus qui pascitur huius 
 
 Coenobii agnoscit qui fuerim ceconomus. 
 Non uenor famam sed succedentibus opto 
 
 pastores ut sint corporis atque animas 
 
 Arthurus Lake decanus ordine decimus hoc epicedium. 
 L. M. Q. P. 
 
 In the History and Antiquities of Worcester, by Valentine 
 Green, 1796, ii., App. vii.. No. VIII., p. xxxi., it is stated that the 
 tablet on the E. wall of the Dean's chapel " was taken down to 
 
 • l6o8 — 1616, when he became bishop of Bath and Wells.
 
 184 
 
 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 make room for the monument of Mrs. Francis Moystone," 
 or as it is said, vol. i., p. 158, Francisca the wife of Mr. Richard 
 Moystyne. She died a. d. 1678. 
 
 1547-1553. King's 
 
 Scholars in the 
 
 reign 0: 
 
 Edward VI. 
 
 
 
 Date. Boy. 
 
 In place of. 
 
 Nominator. 
 
 I Ed. VI. 
 
 
 
 17 Feb. Roger Massye 
 
 Thomas Kyrton 
 
 Dean 
 
 9 Apr. Richard Adams 
 
 John Crabb 
 
 Browne 
 
 7 May Thomas Bratt 
 
 Harry GefFereyes 
 
 Neckham 
 
 10 July John Hibbyns 
 
 Harry Hibbyns 
 
 >j 
 
 14 July Christopher Pagett 
 
 Richard Bell 
 
 >j 
 
 I Oct. James Bussell, chorister John Bolyngham 
 
 )5 
 
 4 Nov. Richard Alen 
 
 Christopher Symcocks Dean 
 
 „ George Badger 
 
 Thomas Badger 
 
 
 „ Roger Skydmor 
 
 John Blunt 
 
 
 5 Nov. Mighell Coles 
 
 Edmund Cole 
 
 
 16 Nov. John Adams 
 
 Harrie Welles 
 
 
 9 Jan. Thomas Tupper 
 
 John Higgyns 
 
 
 ,, William Fisher 
 
 Edmund Synes 
 
 
 „ Justynyan Elston 
 
 Francis Blunt 
 
 
 „ Thomas Savage 
 
 John Pigen 
 
 
 ,, William Parsons 
 
 Thomas JoliiF 
 
 
 „ William Dilcock 
 
 Thomas Tolson 
 
 
 Roger Bucke 
 
 Richard Bucke 
 
 
 19 Jan. William Parker 
 
 vacat 
 
 
 2 Ed. VI. 
 
 
 
 26 Mar. Justynyan Elston 
 
 Thomas Saxston 
 
 
 24 June Richard White 
 
 Richard Foster 
 
 
 12 Aug. John Kerle 
 
 John Foster 
 
 
 28 Sept. Charles Hopton 
 
 Richard 
 
 
 19 Oct. John Augell 
 
 Nicholas Gorge 
 
 
 10 Jan. John More 
 
 Richard Synes 
 
 
 I Oct. Henry Bussell 
 
 Richard Marrett 
 
 
 4 Ed. VI. 
 
 
 
 24 Mar. John Adams 
 
 Richard Adams 
 
 »
 
 
 WORCESTER. li 
 
 Date. 
 
 Boy. 
 
 In place of. Nominator 
 
 24 Mar. 
 
 John Lynsey 
 
 Roger Skydmore Dean 
 
 28 Sept. 
 
 John Furnar 
 
 Henry Dobynson „ 
 
 >> 
 
 George Newport 
 
 Roger Bucke „ 
 
 » 
 
 Humfrey Watford 
 
 Justinian Elston „ 
 
 >> 
 
 Robert Cleyfild 
 
 Thomas Dockyng ,, 
 
 25 Dec. 
 
 John Lygon 
 
 William Hebbe 
 
 >> 
 
 Francis Jenkes 
 
 James Bussell „ 
 
 >> 
 
 William Walker 
 
 Humfrey Frost „ 
 
 >> 
 
 Thomas Hygges 
 
 William Parsons „ 
 
 >> 
 
 Gyles Badger 
 
 George Badger „ 
 
 }» 
 
 William Alen 
 
 John Pether „ 
 
 >> 
 
 John Broughton 
 
 Thomas Tapper „ 
 
 >> 
 
 Thomas Barloo 
 
 Anthony Wood „ 
 
 >j 
 
 Humfrey Muckelow 
 
 John Hastynges „ 
 
 5 Ed. VI. 
 
 
 24 Mar. 
 
 John Welles 
 
 Roger Massy „ 
 
 it 
 
 Arthur Savage 
 
 John Kerle „ 
 
 I Oct. 
 
 Harrie Alyngton 
 
 Hugh Alyngton „ 
 
 8 „ 
 
 Henrie Harford 
 
 William Skydmor ,, 
 
 29 Sept. 
 
 Richard Parker 
 
 William Parker „ 
 
 >> 
 
 Edward Bratt 
 
 Thomas Bratt „ 
 
 5> 
 
 Thomas Bromehall 
 
 John Blisse „ 
 
 >) 
 
 Henry Dllcock 
 
 Christopher Pagett ,, 
 
 24 Dec. 
 
 John Newport 
 
 George Newport ,, 
 
 )> 
 
 William Coles 
 
 Mighell Coles. 
 
 
 Geoffrey Lylly 
 
 William Dilcock ,, 
 
 24 Jan. 
 
 Thomas Fydo 
 
 John Furnar „ 
 
 1557, 25 Nov. Election of Scholars. 
 
 [Chapter Act Book. D. 364] 
 
 Item, at this Chapiter there was an eleccion or choyse of the 
 xl*' scolers, that is to saye, Mr. Deane to chose tenne and euery 
 prebendarie ther accordyng to there senioritie and longiste 
 abydyng in the said Cathedrall Churche.
 
 l86 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 1557 — 1558. Treasurer's account shows [blank] Brad- 
 shaw as Headmaster and leaves a blank for the Usher. 
 
 [Compotus Ricardi Ball, Thesaurarii. 4-5 Philip and Mary — 
 5-6 Philip and Mary.] 
 
 Et in consimili stipendio [blank in MS.] Bradshaw Archi- 
 dascali Scheie gramatice ibidem ad 20/. per ann. Et 
 [blank in MS.] hipodidascalo euisdem schole gramatice 
 ad 10/. p. ann. ..... 30/. 
 
 1551 — 8- City Accounts. Payments for School and 
 Almshouses of Trinity. 
 
 5-6 Edward VI., 155 1-2. 
 Officium Magistri Portal. 
 Item alowed to Xfer bratt for certen busynes att London 
 
 concernynge the late scole maister. . . 21s. %d. 
 
 6 Edward VI. — i Mary, 1552-3. 
 Payment of 13$. ^d. for repair of the Poors houses or Trinity 
 Almshouses. 
 In solutis super reparacione domorum pauperum le 
 
 Trynytie Almshouses . . . . 13^. ^d. 
 
 1-2 Philip and Mary, 1553-4. 
 
 Bridgemaster. 
 
 Robert Youle doth yelde accompte of 9/. 10^. whiche was 
 
 allowed by the Lord Treasurer of Englande for the reparacionsof 
 
 sayde xxiiij Almeshouses then beinge very ruynos and in decaye 
 
 which is truely bestowed. 
 
 5 and 6 Philip and Mary — i Eliz., 1558. 
 Item to the Scolemaster for his wages . . .61. 
 
 Allowances. 
 
 And they do require to be allowed for money laid out 
 
 when the queues maiestie was proclaymed quene of thys 
 
 realme and for the suetes concernynge the confirmacion 
 
 of the Charter, the scolehouse and other things, and for
 
 WORCESTER. 1 87 
 
 dyverse banquets and presents . . . and for reparaclons 
 done upone the scolehouse and other of the city lands 
 ... as by their boke of partyculers duely examined doth 
 appeare .... summa 130/. 105. id. 
 
 I and 2 Elizabeth, 1558-9. 
 
 Receipts of money. 
 
 Paid to the scolemaster for forfeitures . . . 3.9. ^d. 
 
 Rents paid out. 
 Item To my lady Pakyngton for the scole house . .16^. 
 
 Item to John tomes for the scole house . . . los. 
 
 Fees and rewards. 
 Item to the scolemasters for their wages . . .9/. o.y. 
 
 2-3 Elizabeth, 1559-60. 
 
 Rentes paid oute. 
 
 Item to John tomes for the rente of the scole house . los. 
 
 Item to my Ladye Pakyngton for a chefFe rent . . 8.v. 
 
 Note that the new corporacion of the scole house shall paie the 
 
 said \os. from hensforth. 
 
 Md., that there comethe towards the said cyete . . . and of 
 Mr. Deighton 3/. paied back for the scolemaster's wages for the 
 one half yere. 
 
 1560, 21 Oct. Appointment of Usher of the Free 
 School by the City. 
 
 [Worcester City Mun., Chamber Order Book, p. 52 b.] 
 
 Civitas Wigornie. 
 
 At chambre and common councell of the sayd citie holden in 
 the councell chambre the xxjth daye of Octobre In the seconde 
 yere of the raigne of our soueraigne Ladye Elizabeth [etc.]. 
 
 . . . An Usher of the Pre scole to be apoynted. 
 
 Item, it is agreed that Mr. Bayliffes, Aldermen, and theyr 
 bretherne shall appoynt such an ussher of the free scole as to 
 them shall seme good.
 
 188 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 1558 — 60. Suit in the Court of Requests. BailifFs, 6cc., 
 of Worcester v. John Olyver, Schoolmaster of the Trinities 
 School. 
 
 [P.R.O., Proceedings of Court of Requests. Elizabeth, Bdle. io6. 
 No. 13.] 
 
 To the Quenes most excellent maiestie. 
 
 Ill most humble wise shewithe unto your excellent maiestie 
 your daylie suppliants and subiects the Bayliffs, Aldermen, 
 Chamberleyns and Cominaltie of your highnes Towne of 
 Worcetor : That whereas one yerelye rent or pencion of 10/. 
 was paied tyme out of mynde out of certen landes and tenements 
 within your said cittie called the Trynytie landes unto a schole- 
 master for the erudycion and teachinge of children within the same 
 cytie whiche said landes and tenementes being Guyld landes were 
 given unto your late dere brother kinge Edward the Sixte late 
 kinge of Ingland his heires and successors by the estatute made 
 in the first yere of his reigne for the suppressyon of chauntreys 
 colledges and siche like, after whiche one Robert Robotham 
 obteyned the said landes and tenements to him and his heires by 
 bargeyne and sale for divers sommes of monye by him unto the 
 use of the said late kinge payed, from the said late King Edward 
 the Sixte by his lettres patents. In consideracion wherof at the 
 suggestion and greate sute of your said subiects and of the said 
 Robotham unto the said late kinge one annuytie or yerelie 
 pencion of 6/. was assured by the said late kinges lettres patents 
 unto one John Olyver scolemaster ther, duringe his lief, which 
 said lettres patents though that the said suppliants and the said 
 Robotham procured yet they were not prevye to the pennynge 
 of the same lettres patents but the same was don by the said John 
 Olyver and his frendes. In which said lettres patentes craftelie 
 thentents and consideracions of the grauntinge of the same was 
 lefte out ; which consideracions was that he shold remayne and be 
 scolemaster ther duringe his said lief ; the same Oliver havinge 
 the resydew of his allowans for his said lyvinge of your said 
 subiects, that is to say, 40.V. yerelie and the dwellinge in one house, 
 and your said suppliants to discharge him of all maner of rents, 
 subsydies, taxes, fyftenes and suche other like charges.
 
 WORCESTER. 189 
 
 After which, within 2 yeres after the said graunte made as above- 
 said of the said yerelye pencion or annuytie of 6/., in the first yere 
 of the reigne of your late sister quenc Marye the said Olyver, per- 
 cevinge that the said consideracion en tent andcondicionwas omytted 
 in his lettres patents aforesaid, of his craftye and covetous mynde 
 did departe from your said highnes Towne, leavinge them desty- 
 tuted of a scholemaster to instructe there said children ; and ever 
 syns and yet doth perceyve and take the said annuytie and yerelye 
 pencion to his own use without fyndynge any scolemaster to 
 teach your said subiects children, or tendringe and allowinge the 
 same 6/. unto your said subiects that they therewith might provide 
 one Scolemaster to serve them in maner and forme as the same 
 John did serve them, contrarye to all right equytie and good 
 consciens, by reason wherof your said pooer subiects children are 
 untaught to the greate hinderans of your said subiects. 
 
 In consideracion wherof maye yt please your excellente maiestie, 
 the premisses considered, to graunt unto your said subiects your 
 highnes most gracious wryte of prevye seale to be directed unto 
 the said John Oliver, him commandinge uppon a certeyn payne at 
 a certen tyme personally to appeare before your honorable 
 Counsell in your highnes Court of the Whyte Hall at West- 
 minster, ther to answere unto the premisses, and to abyde syche 
 further order and direction as shalbe thought mete consonant to 
 equytie and goode consciens, and your said subiects shall daylie 
 praye for the preservacyon of your highnes in )'Our royall estate 
 
 longe to endure. 
 
 Lovelace. 
 
 The answer of John Olyver to the bill of complaint of the 
 BaylyfFs, Aldermen, Chamberleyns and Commynaltie of the 
 Town of Worcetur. 
 
 The said defendant saythe that the said Bill of Complaynt 
 against hym in this honorable Courte exhybited is for the mooste 
 parte therof untrue, uncerteyne and insufficient in the lawe to be 
 answered unto and the matters therin conteyned devysed and 
 imagined onlye of malyce and evill will to put this defendaunt to 
 uniust costesj trouble and vexacion and for none other intent or
 
 190 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 purpose. The advauntage of the insufFycIencye therof at all 
 tymes hereafter to this defendaunt saved, he for answer to the 
 seide surmysed Bill of Complaynt and declaracion of the truth 
 upon the feyned contents and untrue suggestions thereof saiethe : 
 That true it is that 10/. yerelye was paid oute of the landes and 
 tenements specified in the bill of complaynt to a scolemaister for 
 the erudycion of children within the seid cytie and that this 
 defendant longe tyme before that estatute made specified in the 
 said bill beinge scolemaister of the said Towne of Worceter, 
 receyved yerelye 10/. to hym paied oute of the seyd landes untill 
 the tyme of the makinge of the seid estatute. After the makinge 
 wherof the reall possession of all suche landes mencyoned in 
 the seyd bill was in the seid late King Edward the Sixte, named 
 also in the said bill. By meanes wherof this defendante could be 
 payed no more suche stipend as before was to him payed and so 
 was enforced to give over the kepinge of the schole, and so beinge 
 destytute of a lyvinge came to London and made labor and suyte 
 as well by hymself as by dy vers his frendes to the said late King 
 for thobteyninge of some lyvinge at the seid laste king's handes. 
 
 At whoose suyte and labor the said late King Edward VI. by his 
 gracyous lettres patentes under his greate seale and of the late Courte 
 of Augmentacions and revenues of his crowne bearinge date the 1st 
 daye of September in the second yere of his reigne of his special! 
 grace, knowledge and mere motyon and by the advyse of his dere 
 uncle and councellor Edward late Duke of Somerset then governor 
 and protector of his person and realmes, dominions and subiectes, 
 and of other his Councellors did give and graunt to this 
 defendant one annuitye or yerelye pencion of 61. of lawfull money 
 of England to have enioye and yerelie to receyve the same to the 
 said defendant fromme the feaste of Easter then last past for the 
 tearme of his lyffe to be paied by the hands of his Receyver of 
 the revenues of the late Courte of Augmentacions and revenues of 
 his Crowne in the countye of Worceter for the tyme beinge 
 of the revenues aforesaid happeninge to remayne in his handes 
 from tyme to tyme at the feastes of Saint Michell tharchangel 
 and Easter by even porcyons, withe a provisoe therein conteyned 
 that if the defendant were promoted by the sayd late kinge to
 
 WORCESTER. I9I 
 
 enye annuitye or promocyon of the yerelye value of the said 
 annuitye as above, That then the setd graunt and the letters 
 patents should be voyd and of none efFecte as by the same letters 
 patents readye to be shewed more playnlie it doth and maye appeare. 
 After which said yerelie pencion of 61. so by this defendant 
 in forme aforesaid liad and obteyned the said complaynants havinge 
 knowledge of thobteyninge therof and beinge then destytute of a 
 scolemaister for the erudition of the youthe within their seid 
 Towne made labor and suyte to the said defendant to become 
 agayne scolemaister and to teache the children within the seid 
 Towne and then faithfullie declared and promised to the seid 
 defendant to give him 4 markes [2/. ij.y. 4^/.] for that yere over 
 and besydes his pentyn, and if he wold be so contented and beare 
 with them the first yere theie wold after make it as good as it was 
 before or better, and that the defendant should have of them his 
 house and be discharged of all rents, subsydies, taxes, fyftenes and 
 suche other charges in suche manner and sorte as the seid 
 defendant had and enioyed the scolemaistershippe of the seid 
 Towne of Worceter before the makinge of the said estatute. 
 Unto whose faithfiill promises and faire wordes this defendant 
 gevinge credite after the said graunt as is aforesaid made, 
 repayred to Worceter aforesaid and there kepte the scole by the 
 space of 2 yeres and had and enioyed the said 4 markes and all 
 other thinges accordinge to the promise of the said Complainants 
 the said first yere. And afterwardes the seid Complainants the 
 last of the seid 2 yeres specified in the said Bill of Complaynt not 
 myndinge anie longer to accomplyshe and fulfill their faithful 
 promise to the seid defendant would not the same second yere 
 give and allowe to the seid defendant but only los. over and 
 above his said pentyon, nor would any longer discharge the said 
 defendant of all rents, subsydies, taxes, fyftenes and other suche 
 lyke charges, but enforced and constrayned the said defendant to 
 pay and beare the same himself so that by meanes therof his 
 yerelye stipend and wages amounted lytle above 5/. 13.9. 4^/., which 
 would scarce pay and discharge his borde. Whereupon the said 
 defendant not onlye himselfe before the whole chamber of the seid 
 Towne of Worceter gathered together in the Common Hall or
 
 igi EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 meatinge place, but also afterwards by wrytinge and worde of 
 mouthe sent to them by 2 honest men of the said Towne, declared 
 to them and gave them warnynge that onlesse theye would 
 performe such promises as they had made to the seid defendant 
 he would not anie longer remayne with them, whiche the said 
 Complaynants then refused, and thereupon the seid defendant 
 gentellye and honestlye takinge his leave of certeyne of his frendes 
 departed and went thence, as lawfull was for him to do. 
 
 And after, these councellors upon untrue suggestyons made to 
 the right worshipfull Sir Richard Sackvile, knight, then chancellor 
 of the said Court of Augmentacion, that the pentyon was graunted 
 to the defendant to the entent to kepe the scole and that the 
 defendant refused to do it, the said Sir Richard Sackvile sent his 
 lettres to the Receyver of the said shire commanding him not to 
 paye the defendant his pencion tyll flirther order were taken 
 therin. Whereupon, after longe suyte made by the defendant 
 to the said Chauncellor and upon showinge forthe of the lettres 
 patents, the said Mr. Chancellor consideringe the poore estate of 
 this defendant directed his letters to the complaynents wyllinge 
 them to give the defendant 5/. yerelie for his stipend and a 
 dwellinge house, over and above the said 61., to thentent the said 
 defendant might then remaine as scolemaister. Which they dyd 
 not onlie refuse to accomplishe but also layd this defendant in 
 prison there bycause he wold not serve them at their pleasure. 
 And after that the reverend father in God Richarde, now bishoppe 
 of Worceter, made request to them that theie shold give the 
 defendant yerelie 40^. and his borde and a house to dwell in to 
 the intent to be scolemaster in the said scole there. Whiche theie 
 alsoe refused to do. Whereupon this defendant havinge no other 
 thing to lyve upon but onlie the said pention of 61. refused to 
 serve there. 
 
 Without that that the said yerelie annuitie or pention of 
 61. was graunted to this defendant during his lief in consideracyon 
 that the defendant should remayne and be scolemaster there 
 duringe his lief, or that in the said lettres patents thentents and 
 consyderacions of the graunting of the same was craftelie lefte 
 out, or that the same lettres patentes were made and graunted
 
 WORCESTER. I93 
 
 for anye suche causes and consideracions as in the said untrue bill 
 is alleged, so that the said defendant for any suche [MS. damaged] 
 craftye or covetous mynd did depart from the said Towne leavinge 
 them destitute of a scolemaster or that this defendant doth 
 yerelyie perceyve the said pention of 61. otherwise then .... law- 
 fullie . . . . ot right .... or that this defendant .... or con .... 
 is bounde to finde a scolemaster to teache the said complainant's 
 children or to render to them the pention of 6/. that they might 
 provyde a scolemaster .... right equytie or conscyence .... 
 said defendant .... as untrulye in the said Bill of complaynt is 
 alledged. And without that that .... the said Bill of complaynt 
 [MS. illegible] all which matters [MS. torn]. 
 
 The Replicacion of the BaylyfFs, Aldermen, Chamberlains, and 
 Comynalte of the cytie of Worceter unto the answere of 
 John Olyver, defendant. 
 
 The said Complaynants maynetayne their said bill of Com- 
 playnte and everye Article, branche and clause therin conteyned 
 to be true and saye in all and everye thinge as they in their said 
 Bill of complaynt have alleged, witheout that the said defendant 
 long tyme before the said estatute made for the dissolucion of 
 chauntries named in the said Bill of Compleynt and answere 
 beinge Scholemaster of the sayed cytie of Worceter receyvid 
 yerlie the said lo/. to hym payed out of the said landes and 
 tenementes. 
 
 For the said Complainants do saye that true yt is that 
 the same lo/. yerlye hathe ben payed out of the said Lands 
 and Tenements unto the Scolemaister of the said Cytie, for he 
 the said defendant was scolemaster there not half a yere before 
 the makinge of the sayed estatute, and so never receyvid any 
 part of the said lo/., and without that the seid defendant was 
 enforced to gyve over the kepinge of the said scole for lacke of 
 the said stipend, for that the said defendant had his competent 
 lyvinge and stipend of the said complainants, untill that the seid 
 61. by yere was procured for the said defendant to thentent men- 
 cyoned in the said bill. And it apperithe by the said answere 
 that the said defendant could not be so destytuted of his lyvinge 
 
 c c
 
 194 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 for that the said annuitye was graunted unto him the 1st day of 
 September, in the second yere of the said King Edward the 
 Sixt, from Easter then last precedent the date therof. And 
 without that the saide King Edward the Sixt dyd at the 
 sute of the said defendant and his frynds grant unto hym the 
 said annuitye of 6/. other then at the sute of the said complain- 
 ants and the said Robotham, by the defendant's owne shewinge in 
 his said answere, there was not any cause, matter or consideracion 
 why that the said late king shuld or dyd gyve unto the said defend- 
 ant the said 61. frelye, otherwise then for the mayntenaunce of the 
 seid scole. And without that the seid complainants made any sute 
 after the seid 61. yerlye so procured unto the said defendant to 
 become agein scolemaster in Worceter aforesaid and to teach the 
 children in the said cytie. For the said complainants do saye that 
 the said defendant consyderinge his owne duetye dyd teache the 
 said scole by the space of 2 yeres after the said 61. yerlye pro- 
 cured, until! that he was provoked with covetousnes to have more 
 lyvinge in an other place, and so by that occasion onlye departed 
 from the said complainants. 
 
 And without that the said complainants dyd evir promysse 
 to gyve unto the said defendants the some of 4 markes of 
 lawfuU money of England for any yere over and above his 
 said pencion of 61. or otherwise promysed unto hym any 
 lyvinge or stipend for the same teachinge of children then 
 in the said bill is trulye alleged and mencyoned. And with- 
 out that the said defendant had the said 4 markes of the 
 seid complainants or otherwise in the said bill of compleint is 
 mencyoned. And without that the said complainants duringe 
 the tyme that the seid defendant wold serve them as Schole- 
 master there as is aforesaid refused to discharge the said defend- 
 ant of all rents, subsydies, taxes, fyftenes and other siche lyke 
 charges or constrayned the said defendant to beare and paye the 
 same hym self And without that the stipend of the said defend- 
 ant while he served the said complainants as Scholemaister at 
 Worceter aforesaid at any tymes amounted lyttle above 20 nobles, 
 lad without that the said complainants had any sitche warninge 
 that the said defendant wold depart in such wyse as is untrulye
 
 WORCESTER. 195 
 
 alleged in the said answeres. And without that the said defend- 
 ant dyd come gentiyc or honestlye takinge any leve and in suche 
 kind of honest maner departed and came thence or that lawfull it 
 was for hym so to do and also to receyve the said 6/. yerlye. 
 And without that the said Sir Richard Sakevile dyd wryt unto the 
 said complaynants in suche maner and forme as yn the said bill 
 is alleged. And without that the seid complainants dyd lay the 
 said defendant in prison, and without that the said nowe bishoppe 
 of Worceter made any suche requests unto the said complaynants. 
 And without that any other things or matters alleged in the said 
 answer here by this replicacion not sufficientlye confessyd and 
 avoyded or els traversed or denyed materiall to be replied unto is 
 true. All which matters the said complainants are redye to 
 averre as this honorable Court shall award. And praye as in 
 their said bill they have prayed. 
 
 3 June 1559. Commission to take evidence of witnesses. 
 
 Trustie and welbeloved we grete you well. And sende unto 
 youe hereinclosed certaine articles interrogatories to be ad- 
 ministered to the witnesses on the behalfe of the Bailiffs, Aldermen 
 and Chamberlaines of our citie of Worcester, complainants against 
 John Oliver, defendant ; whereupon we, trustinge in your 
 approved wisdomes, name all suche witnesses and proves as by 
 the said complainants shalbe nominated unto youe, ye then do 
 duely and substancially examine them upon the contents of the 
 said Articles by their othes In due forme of Lawe Sworne. Ende- 
 voring yourselves by all meanes possible to searche and trie oute 
 the veritie of the premisses by your saide examinacions. And 
 thereupon duely to certifie us and our Counsell by your writinge 
 under your scales in our Court of Requests at Westminster in the 
 morrow after the feast of all Sowles next cominge of the veritie 
 of the premisses, like as youe shall finde by your said examinacions. 
 To thentent we by thadvise of our said Counsaill may further do 
 therein as the case rightfully shall requier. Geven at our palace 
 of Westm. this 3'''* day of June in the first year of our reign.
 
 196 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Interrogatories to be mynistered unto the deponents on the 
 behalf of the Baylyffs, Aldermen, Chamberlayns and Comyn- 
 altie of the Citie of Worcetur, Complaynants against John 
 Olyver, defendant. 
 
 1. Imprimis, how long this deponent hath knowen a Schole- 
 master teachinge children in the Commen Scole at Worcetor 
 aforesaid and whether that tyme out of mynde of mans remem- 
 brance the sume of 10/. was yerlye payed unto the said schole- 
 master owt of the lands in Worceter aforesaid callyd the Trynitie 
 Lands before the same lands came unto the possession of King 
 Edward the Sixt, or no. 
 
 2. Item, how long before the said lands came unto the said late 
 king's possessyon in the first yere of his reign that the said 
 defendant was scholemaster of the said schole in the said citie and 
 whether that he evyer receyvyd any parte of the said 10/. stipend 
 owt of the said lands for the shortnes of the tyme that he was in 
 the said office before the said lands came to the possessyon of the 
 said kynge. 
 
 3. Item, by whose sute the said yerelye summe of 6/. was 
 obteyned unto the said defendant and for what consyderacion the 
 same was so gyven by the lettres patents of the said late king 
 unto the said defendant during his lifF. 
 
 4. Item, whether that the said defendant did gyve over the 
 said office of scholemastershippe when that the said Trynitie Lands 
 were seisyd into the said late king's possession untill that he had 
 an assurans of the said 6/. yerlye by the said lettres patents, or els 
 whether that he styll from his first cominge to the said office 
 durynge that tyme contynued scholemaster there. 
 
 5. Item, whether that the said defendant dyd voluntarylye 
 contynewe the kepinge of the said schole after the said annuitye 
 of 61. so procured as is aforesaid by the space of 2 yeres with 
 intreatye by hym unto the said complaynants to have his wages 
 amended ; or els whether his remayninge there and wages gyven 
 by the said complaynants were at the great sute and persuasyon 
 of the said complaynants unto the said defendant there to con- 
 tynewe in that ofFyce.
 
 WORCESTER. I97 
 
 6. Item, what fee or other profytt the said complaynants dyd 
 agree to gyve and allowe unto the seid defendant over and above 
 the said 61. yerlye, and whether that they styll during the tyme 
 that the seid defendant dyd or wold remayne scholemaster there 
 accomplysshe their said agreements ; or els dyd evyr abridge or 
 denye to accomplyshe the same. 
 
 7. Item, in what manner the said defendant dyd depart from 
 his said offyxe and from the said complaynants and upon what 
 warninge, and what moved hym so to depart and howe he lefte 
 the sayd schole provyded of a scholemaster, and howe long syns 
 yt is that he so departed. 
 
 The depositions of certayne wytnesses browghte forthe on the 
 bihalffe of the ballyffs. Aldermen, Chamberlaines and 
 comonaltie of the cittie of Worcester, taken at the saide 
 citie bie Richard Sheldon and Conan Richardson 20 Octobre 
 I Elizabeth. 
 
 Robert Yowle, of the citie of Worcetur, clothear, of the age of 
 three score and two yeres or therabowts, sworn and examined 
 uppon his othe, deposeth and saythe : 
 
 To the first Interrogatorie that he remembreth that by the 
 space of thes 30 yeares paste and more he hath knowed a scol- 
 master teachinge a comen scole in Worcettur. And that the 
 same scolemaster had yerely payd him for his stipende 10/. out of 
 the lands in Worcettur called the Trynitye Lands befor the same 
 lands came into the possession of the late King Edward the Sixth 
 and that the same lands were geven to the findinge of a scole- 
 master there. And further saith that aboute fyftie yers paste at 
 this deponent's cominge to the said cytie he remembreth that 
 ther was a free scole kept in the same place and hearde that the 
 same scolemaster had 10/. by yere for his stipend. 
 
 2. To the second Interrogatorie this deponent saith that the 
 said defendant was scolemaster of the said comen scole by the 
 space of half a yer or therabout before the said lands came to the 
 possession of the said late King Edward. And that he receaved 
 for his stipend after the rate of 10/. by yere for the tymes while 
 he contynued ther.
 
 198 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 3. To the third Interrogatorie this deponent saith that this 
 deponent and one Thomas Wilde now deceassed, then being 
 cytyzens of the parlyament for the sayed cytie and beinge in 
 London, at the speciall suit of the said defendant promissinge 
 them and takinge them by their hands uppon his promisse that 
 yf they would be so good masters unto him to be sutors for him 
 to obtayne somme peece of Jyvinge for him to the some of 5/. or 
 6/. by yere at the king's hands, he wolde serve them in the said 
 office of scolemastershippe duringe his lyffe. Whearuppon this 
 deponent and the said Thomas Wilde were sutors and made 
 requeste to one Sir Walter Myldmay and others for the 
 obtayninge of 61. by yere. And uppon theyr request the said 
 61. by yere was graunted to the said defendant under the kinges 
 letters pattents to the intent aforesayde. 
 
 4. To the fourth Interrogatorie this deponent saith that the 
 said defendant did geve over the saide office of scolemastershippe 
 immediatlye after the sayde lands came to the king's hands 
 untill the assuraunce of the said 61. by yer was made unto him 
 by the king's letters patents. And so did not contynue styll 
 ther from his firste cominge thyther. 
 
 5. To the fyfthe Interogatyrie this deponent saith that the 
 sayde defendant dyd voluntarylie contynue scolemaster ther duringe 
 2 yeres after he had assuarance of the said 61. by makinge intreatie 
 to the complainants to have his stipend or wages amended. And 
 that the defendant did not remayne ther at the suyte and 
 persuasion of the sayde complainants. 
 
 6. To the sixte Interogatorie this deponent saith that he this 
 deponnent made suyte to the complaynaunts and counsell of the 
 sayde citie on the behallf of the defendant, in consyderacion that 
 he thoughte that the said stipend of 61. was to lyttell to ffynde 
 him and to thentent he shulde the better endeuer hymsellff in his 
 said office, That the said councell wolde amend his wagies. 
 Wheruppon the said Councell did geve to this defendant in 
 augmentacion of his lyvinge ^os. bv yere, his lodinge \sic] rent 
 free and also dischardge him of his subsidie goinge out of his 
 pencion. And further saith that the said complanaunts still 
 duringe the tyme that he did and wolde remayne scolemaster ther
 
 WORCESTER. I99 
 
 did accomplyshe theyr said agreamente and did neuer abrige or 
 denye to accomplyshe the same. 
 
 7. To the seventh Interogatorie he saithe that the said defendant 
 did departe from the saide complainants without any warninge 
 geven unto him, and for what cause or what moved him therto 
 this deponent knoweth not, and lefte the scole unprovyded of a 
 scolemaster and departed from thence in the fifth yere of King 
 Edward the Sixt, as this deponent remembreth. 
 
 John Rolland of the citie of Worcetur, of the age of 52 yeres 
 or therabouts, sworn and examened, uppon his othe deposeth and 
 saith that he hath knowen a scolemaster teachinge a commen 
 scole in Worcetur by the space of 2^ yeres or ther abouts and 
 that 10/. stipend was paied to the scolemaster duringe the saide 
 36 yeres out of the lands of the Trynitie and hathe heard that the 
 same lo/. hathe bin paied tyme out of mynde. 
 
 2. To the second Interrogatorie this deponent saith that the said 
 defendant was scolemaster of the saide comen scole by the space 
 of on halfFe yere or therabout before the saide lands came to the 
 possession of the said late Kinge Edward and that he receaved for 
 his stipend after the rate of 10/. by yere for the tyme whiles he 
 contynued ther. 
 
 3. To the third Interrogatorie he saithe that bie the suyte of 
 the said Robert Yowle and Thomas Wilde, then beinge at Londen, 
 the said defendant obteyned the said pencion of 61. to thentent 
 that the said defendant shulde kepe the office of scolemastershippe 
 in the said citie. And when the said Robart Yowle and Thomas 
 Wylde came home they declared theyr doyngs therin to be thus to 
 this deponent and others beinge in the Councell chamber of the 
 said citie. 
 
 4. To the fourth Interrogatorie this deponent saithe that the 
 saide defendant did geve over the saide office of scolemastershippe 
 immediatelie after the saide lande came to the king's hands untill 
 the assuraunce of the saide 6/. by yere was made unto hyme by 
 the king's letters patente, and so did not contynue still ther from 
 his firste cominge thyther. 
 
 5. To the fifth Interrogatorie this deponent saithe that the
 
 200 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 sayde defendant did voluntarilie contynue scolemaster ther duringe 
 two yeres after he had assuraunce of the saide 6/. by makinge 
 intreatie to the complanaunts to have his stipend or wages 
 amended and that the defendant dyd not remayne ther at the 
 suyte and perswasion of the saide complainaunts. 
 
 6. To the sixth Interrogatorie this deponent saith that one 
 Robert Yowle of the saide citie made suyte to the complainaunts 
 and councell of the saide citie on the behallfe of the defendant in 
 consideration that he thought that the saide stipend of 61. was to 
 lytyll to fynd him and to thentent he shuld the better endever 
 hymsellfe in his saide office, that the said councell wold amend 
 his wagies. Wheruppon the saide councell did give to this 
 defendant in augmentation of his lyvinge 40.?. by yere, his 
 lodginge rent free, and also dyschardge hyme of his subsydie 
 goinge out of his pension. And further sayeth that the saide 
 complainaunts styll, duringe the tyme that he dyd and wold 
 remayne scolemaster ther, dyd accomplysh theyr said agreamente 
 and dyd never abridge or denye to accomplysh the same. 
 
 7. To the seventh Interrogatorie he saieth that the saide 
 defendant dyd departe from the said complainaunts without any 
 warninge geven unto hym, and for what cause or what moved 
 hym therto this deponent knoweth not, and lefte the scole 
 unprovided of a scolemaster and departed from thence in the 5*'' 
 yere of Kinge Edward the Sixte, as this deponent remembreth. 
 
 Richard Wheller of the citie of Worcettur, clothear, aged 
 52 yeres or ther abouts, saith that he hath knowen a scolemaster 
 teachinge a comen scole in Worcestur by the space of 32 yeres 
 or ther abouts [etc., as above]. 
 
 George Webbe of the said citie of Wcrcetur, of the age of 48 
 or ther abouts, sworn [etc., as before], saith that he hath knowen 
 a scolemaster .... for 35 yeres [etc., as above]. 
 
 2. To the second Interrogatorie he saith that the said 
 defendant was scolemaster ther before the lands came to the 
 king's possessions, butt how longe or what was his wages he 
 remembreth not.
 
 WORCESTER. 201 
 
 [To the rest of the Interrogatories he said the same as the 
 previous witnesses.] 
 
 Robert Ledington of the said citie, clothear, aged 86 yeres 
 or therabouts, saith that he hath knowen a scoleniaster .... for 
 space of 50 yeres and above [etc., as the previous witnesses]. 
 
 Richard Dedycote of the citie of Worcettur, clothear, aged 
 52 yeres or ther abouts, sworn [etc.], saith he hath knowen a scole- 
 master .... for this 44 yeres [etc., as the previous witnesses]. 
 
 To the fourth Interrogatorie he saith that he doth not well 
 remember any thing theron. 
 
 To the sixth Interrogatorie he saith that he knoweth nothing. 
 
 William Gybbes of the citie of Worcetur, aged 40 yeres or 
 ther abouts, saith that he hath heard saie that ther hath bin a 
 scole kept in Worcettur tyme out of mynde and that the scole- 
 niaster ther hath had 10/. by yere out of the said Trynitie lands. 
 
 [To the second to sixth Interrogatories same as the previous 
 witnesses.] 
 
 To the seventh Interrogatorie he saith that he this deponent 
 beinge chamberlayn of the said citie in the yere when the said 
 defendant departed, dyd paie to the said defendant lo.j., parcell 
 of the saide 40^., beinge his augmentacion over and above 61. for 
 his laste quarter, and so the defendant departed without gevenge 
 hymme or the citie any warninge and so left the scole unpro- 
 vyded of a scolemaster. 
 
 1559< Royal Injunctions for Worcester Cathedral and 
 Grammar School, especially that the Common Table 
 should be provided. 
 
 [MSS. Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, vol. c.xx., p. 479. 
 Printed in Visitation Articles and Injunctions of the Period of Reform- 
 ation, vol. iii., p. 44, ed. by W. H. Frere, D.D. Alcuin Club 
 Collection, XVI.] 
 
 Injunctions given by Richard Davids, professor of divinity, 
 Thomas Yonge and Rouland Meyrigg, professors of the laws, 
 and Richard Pates, professor of the common laws of this Realm, 
 visitors for the most excellent Princess Elizabeth by the grace of 
 
 D D
 
 202 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 God Queen of England .... to the Dean and Chapter and all 
 other ministers in the cathedral church of Christ and our Lady in 
 Worcester to be observed of every of them in their offices and 
 degrees as far as to them shall appertain, for the advancement of 
 God's honour, increase of virtue and for a good order to be had 
 among them, upon pain of excommunication, sequestration of 
 fruits and deprivation or such other coercion and punishment 
 as to the Ordinary for the time being shall be thought convenient. 
 I. Forasmuch as we understand by the perusing of the most 
 honourable and godly ordinances and statutes of the said cathe- 
 dral church appointed and made for the same by that mighty and 
 high prince of most famous memory, our late sovereign lord, 
 King Henry the Eighth, founder of the said church, that his 
 gracious meaning was and is for the greater glorifying of 
 God and for divers and sundry great considerations that as well 
 all the peticanons and other ministers temporal as the school- 
 masters of grammar and music and all other Inferior ministers of 
 that church and all the children there learning grammar or music 
 should eat together in one common hall and at common tables 
 there, as soon as by any good means it might be conveniently 
 brought to pass, the greatest hindrance and let whereof hitherto 
 hath been and is, as we perceive, the lack of convenient and 
 competent provision of corn, whereof there is sufficient quantity 
 for that purpose reserved upon leases and grants made of the 
 possessions of the said cathedral church and shall come shortly 
 into your possession, if you do not, contrary to the duties and 
 office of good men, grant and demise the same away by new 
 leases and grants hereafter to be made : We, therefore, the 
 Queen's Majesty's said visitors, do enjoin and charge you, the said 
 dean and chapter and every of you and your successors, deans 
 and canons, there, that you ne any of you demise or grant nor 
 consent to be demised nor granted under your chapter or common 
 seal nor otherwise any part or parcel of the corn or grain reserved 
 upon any lease demise and grant heretofore made of any part 
 or parcel of the possessions belonging or appertaining to the said 
 cathedral church to any persons whatever, but that the same be 
 reserved in your own hands in common out of lease for the better
 
 Worcester. ft63 
 
 maintenance of hospitality there and for the accomplishment of 
 that before mentioned godly intent and gracious meaning of your 
 said most noble founder. 
 
 3. Et ne auctoritas statutorum auctoritate invictissimi principis 
 piae memoriae Henrici Octavi editorum in questionem veniat, nos 
 Ricardus Dauvyds sacrae theologiae professor Thomas Yonge 
 et Rolandus Meyrigg Legum professores et Ricardus Pate iuris 
 consultus illustrissimae in Christo principis et dominae nostrae 
 dominae Elizabethae dei gratia Angliae Franciae et Hiberniae 
 reginae fidei defensoris etc. Commissarii generales ad visitationem 
 suam regiam per diocesim Wigorn. exercendam pro robore et 
 valore eorundem pronunciamus et decrevimus, eademque statuta 
 ab omnibus et singulis istius cathedralis ecclesiae ministris in- 
 violabiliter observari sub poenis in eisdem contentis, permittentes 
 tamen decano et cuivis alio canonico privilegia commoditates et 
 emolumenta quaecunque sufficienti auctoritate regia illis aut eorum 
 cuilibet prius concessa. 
 
 1561, 23 Feb. Refoundation of Worcester Grammar 
 School as the Free School of the City of Worcester, by 
 Charter of Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 [P.R.O., Pat. 3 Eliz., pt. iii, in. 7. English translation from Six 
 Masters' Minute Book, in possession of the Governors of the Royal 
 Grammar School.] 
 
 The Quene, to whome, etcetera, Gretinge. Knowe 
 you that we of our especiall grace, certen knowledge, 
 and meare motion at the humble requeste and peticion of our 
 wclbeloued BaylyfFes, aldermen, chamberlains, cyttizens, and all 
 other inhabytantes and resyauntes of our cyttie of Worceter, and 
 of many other of our subiectes within our countie of Worceter 
 for a scoole for a. b. C. and gramer For the instruction and 
 education of children in good lerninge and manors to be erected, 
 stablished, and contynewed in the saide cyttie And also for 
 the good contynewance of dyuerse poore inhabytantes and resy- 
 dentes, in dyuerse houses or cotages of almose in the saide cyttie
 
 204 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 of Worceter, for euer, and contynnewally to enduere, that is to 
 sale, in xxiiij houses, as in tyme owte of mynde they haue 
 been inhabytante and resydent We therefore, consyderinge 
 and alloweinge the peticion and requeste of the bayllyffes, alder- 
 men, chamberlains, cyttizens, and all other inhabytantes and 
 resydentes in the saide cyttie, do graunte, wyll, ordeyne and 
 constitute for us, our heyres, and successors that from hence- 
 forthe for euer it be and shalbe one scoole for a. b. C. and 
 The creation of gramer of the teachinge, erudition, and instruc- 
 the Scheie. fjon of children, to teache and instructe them to 
 
 rede and otherwise in good lernynge and manors to be taughte 
 and brougte uppe, as of olde tyme hit hathe bene vsed in the 
 same cyttie, Whiche shalbe called and named the Free scoole of 
 the cyttie of Worceter For education, erudicion, and instruction 
 of children, and that the aforesaide xxiiij cotages or almose 
 houses, comonly called the almose houses for the relief, helpe, 
 _, , , and sustentacion of xlviii poore persons in the 
 
 1 he graunte of the . j i i 
 
 Aimeshouses for cyttie aforesaidc, be converted and remayne so 
 for euer Also that the same scoole shall con- 
 tynewe withe one scoole maister and vsher We to the vtter- 
 moste do erecte, create, make, ordeyne, constitute, and 
 fownde by these presentes ; and also that our entente 
 aforesaid maye take and haue the more better effecte, and that 
 the landes, tenementes, rentes, revenewes, and other necessaries, 
 to the sustentacion and suportinge or maynteyninge of the scoole 
 aforesaide and cotages or almose houses beforesaide, to be 
 graunted, assigned, and appointed maye more better be gouerned 
 for the continewaunce of the same scoole, and for reparacions of 
 the cotages or almose houses aforesaide, from tyme to tyme to be 
 donne and kepte We will, graunte, ordeyne, and consti- 
 tute for us, our heires, and oure successors that vj, V, Or iiij 
 ^, ^ of the discretiste cittizens of the cyttie ofWor- 
 
 Tne Corporacion. i /• i i • 
 
 ceter aforesaide nowe and for the tyme bemge 
 and from henceforthe be and shalbe one bodye corporate and 
 polyticke in dede, name, and facte, by the name of gouernors 
 and supervisors of the free scoole and almose houses of the saide 
 cyttie of Worceter, and them to be one bodye corporate and
 
 WORCESTER. 205 
 
 polyticke really and in all thinges fully We make, ordeine, 
 and create by these presentes and that by that name they may 
 haue perpetuall succession, and that they, by the name of 
 gouernors, suparvisors, and oversears of the free scoole and 
 almose houses of the cyttie of Worceter be and shalbe par- 
 sons able and of capacitie in the lawe to haue, requyre, 
 receyu©, and posses landes, tenementes, parsonages, rectories, 
 possessions, and hereditamentes to them and their 
 
 Capacitie to "^ ... ■ j 1 i_ 
 
 receave and geue successors in fee and parpetuytie, and also that 
 they maye, by the same name, geue, graunte, 
 lett, and assigne landes, tenementes, and hereditamentes, and 
 they, by the same name of gouernors and suparvisors of the free 
 Able to leade scoole and almose houses of the cyttie of Wor- 
 and be ympieaded. ceter shalbe able and maye pleade and be im- 
 pleaded, defende and be defendid, answer and be answered in 
 any maner, courtes, and places, and before what so euer iudge, 
 iustice, or any other parsons, in all and singuler actions, sewtes, 
 The incorporacion quarcls, causes, matters real], parsonall, or myxte, 
 by the name of and what SO cucr dcmaundcs, what so euer kinde, 
 
 Gouernors and 
 
 Supervisors and nature, condytioH, or maner ui the same maner 
 
 Ouerseers of the , ^ , ,• 1 1 ■ 
 
 Free Scoole and and forme as Other our liege people beinge par- 
 fhe"'cHti"or" °^ sons able and apte in the lawe be able or canne 
 Worcester. impleadc or be impleaded, answer or be 
 
 answered, defende or be defended, and that they maye haue 
 a comon scale to serue for their causes and 
 
 The comon seale. 1 1 j 
 
 busynes what so euer they haue to do or goe 
 aboute, and that it maie be lawfiall and shalbe lawfull to them 
 and their successors to breake that seale, chaunge and new make 
 at their pleasure. And further for us, our heires, and succes- 
 sors we haue assigned, named, constituted, and made by these 
 The names of the pf^sentes oure welbeloued subiectes Robert 
 first Gouernors. Toule, Johu Rowlande alias Steyner, 
 Cristofor Dighton, Willyam Gybbs, Thomas Walsgroue, 
 and Willyam Langley, cyttiezens of the Cyttie of Worceter, 
 to be and to be made the firste rewlers, governors, and super- 
 visors of the free scoole and almose houses of the cyttie of Wor- 
 ceter, and that the saide syx parsons and the greater nombre of
 
 206 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 the same vj parsons and theire successors maye haue and holde to 
 them and their successors the saide scoole, landes, and tene- 
 mentes to the vse and intente aboue specified. And that they 
 6 or 4 may do '^J' ^' °^ fower govcmers and supervisors from 
 any Act. tymc to tymc maie make and ordeyne and 
 
 establishe for the good and holsome regimente and gouernaunce 
 of the saide scoole, cotages, or almose houses, ordynances and 
 statutes in wrytinge, conserninge and touchinge the ordinance, 
 The vi persons to governance, and dyrection of the scoole maister, 
 make ordinances, ysher, and scoolers of the saide scoole, and poore 
 people in the houses aforesaide, for the tyme belnge (and the 
 salarie and stypende of the scoole maister and vsher), and that 
 they haue full powre and auctorytie the same scoole and houses 
 of almose aforesaide, and the ordynance, governemente, preser- 
 vation, and dysspoticyon of the rentes, possessions, revenewes, 
 and goodes to the sustentacyon of the saide scoole and houses of 
 almose aforesaide appoynted and geuen, to appointe and geue 
 touchinge and conserninge so often as to them shalbe thought 
 mete and convenyente, soe farforthe as those ordynances, pro- 
 vysions, and statutes be not in anythinge repugnante or contrarie 
 vnto the lawes or statutes of this our realme of Englande, the 
 whiche statutes and ordynaunces so to be made We will and 
 graunte, and by these presentes comaunde to be kepte 
 inviolate, from tyme to tyme for euer, and furthermore of 
 oure more aboundante grace, certen knowledge, and mere motion 
 haue gyuen and graunted and by these presentes for us, oure 
 heyres, and successors do geue and graunte to the saide rewlers, 
 governors, and supervisors, and theire successors, and to the 
 more parte of them full poore, lycence and auc- 
 
 The V] persons to . 
 
 name the Schoie- thoritie to name, assigne, and appointe a SCOOle 
 
 maister and vsher of the scoole aforesaide as 
 
 often as the saide scoole shalbe voyde of the saide scoolemaister 
 
 or vsher, And also to name, assigne, and appointe any one or 
 
 more of the poore men to any one house or 
 
 1 he same vj r ^ 
 
 persons to name cotagcs, liouses aforcsaidc, SO ofteii as any one or 
 
 and apoynt the . , , r u • L u-.. 
 
 poor to their more Of the xxinj almose houses or the inhabit- 
 
 habitacions. ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ people be voyde, And
 
 WORCESTER. IC] 
 
 further we "wyll, graunte, end ordeine fcr vs, cure 
 heires, and successors by these presentes that howe often and 
 ^, , when so euer hit shall happen any one or more of 
 
 1 he more parte of _ i i j 
 
 the vj persons the aforcsaidc parsons, rewlers for the tyme 
 
 lyvynf' to clecte 
 
 one other for hyni bcinge, to dcpartc oute of this presente lyfe, that 
 then within syx wekes next followinge after the 
 disseace of suche parson, one or other mo mete parsons, of the 
 nombre of those xxiiij chiefe cittizens of the cyttie of Worceter, 
 comonly called the heade counsaile of the cittie for the tyme 
 beinge, by those saide fyve parsons or by the more parte of 
 those parsons then lyvinge, maie and shall chose and name, and 
 SO from tyme to tyme when chanse shall happen. And knowe 
 you further that we, in consideracion that the saide governors 
 and supervisors of the free scoole aforesaide and their successors 
 maie the better beare and supporte the charges and burdens in 
 the saide scoole, almose houses, scoolemaister, and vsher, and 
 poore from tyme to tyme of our especiall grace and of our 
 certen knoweledge and meare motion, haue graunted and 
 haue geuen lycence and by these presentes for us, oure heires, 
 and successors, as muche as in us ys, we 
 
 A licence to i • ii r r 
 
 purchase landes of grauutc aud espcciall lycence free and lawfull 
 
 a value. , , . . i • i 
 
 poore and aucthoritie we geue unto the saide 
 governors and supervisors and their successors to haue, receaue, 
 and purchase to them and their successors for euer, 
 
 as well of us, our heyres, and successors as of any other our 
 subiectes, or of any other parson or parsons what soeuer, 
 manners, messwages, landes, tenementes, rectories, tenthes, 
 tythes, rentes, reuersions, services, or other possessions, reve- 
 newes, or hereditamentes what soeuer, whiche be not holden of 
 us, our heires, or successors in chefe by knight service, nor 
 whiche be not holden of us nor of any other parson or parsons 
 by knyghtes servyce unto the sustentacion, supportacion, and 
 mayntenaunce of the scoole and almose houses aforesayde, and 
 scoolemaister and vsher aforesaide, and of the poore people, as 
 well within the saide almose houses and in the cyttie aforesaide 
 remayninge and beinge, as also of other poore and nedye 
 people comynge vnto the saide cittie, so that the saide manors,
 
 208 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 messwages, landes, tenementes and other the premysses do 
 Governors may not cxccdc the ycrcly valewe of thre score 
 nottx«^eding'6o> poundcs, the Statute of not puttynge landes and 
 yearly value. tencmentcs to morte mayne, or any other statute, 
 
 acte, ordynaunce, provision or restrainte thereof to the contrarie 
 before this tyme had, made, set forthe, ordeyned, or provyded, or 
 any other thinge, cause, or matter what soeuer in anywise not 
 T,, , with standinge. And further we will, and by 
 
 The revenewe and D ' ' 
 
 profettes to be these prescntes we graunte, that all the paymentes, 
 
 bestowed to the ^ ^ . ' r ,, , r 
 
 schoie and poore rentes, revenewes, and prorectes or ail the ror- 
 not'tMs°gran^'to saide manners, landes, tenementes, rectories, 
 be voide. tenthes, tythes, possessions, and hereditamentes 
 
 hereafter to be gyuen, assigned, and appoynted to and for the 
 sustentacion, supportacyon, and mayntenaunce of the saide 
 scoole and houses of almose aforesaide, from tyme to tyme and 
 in tyme to come shall be convertid vnto the sustentacion of the 
 scoolemaister and vsher of the scoole aforesaide, and of the 
 poore, and of other poore nedye parsons beinge in the same 
 cyttie and other comynge to the same cyttie, and not otherwise, 
 nor to any other vse or intente. Provyded alwaies that yt 
 it be fownde hereafter by dew forme and order of lawe that the 
 saide landes, tenementes, rentes, and other hereditamentes before 
 expressed and specyfied, or any of the revenewes or profectes 
 thereof be put, converted, vsed, and disposed to any 
 other vse and intente then in the saide letters patentes be 
 specyfied and declared, that then this our presente graunte shalbe 
 of no force and strengthe in the lawe. We will also and by 
 these presentes we do graunte vnto the aforesayde governors 
 and supervisors that they haue and shall haue these oure letters 
 patentes vnder our greate seale of Englande, made in dew ordre 
 and sealed, withowte any fyne or fee, greate or smalle, to us in 
 our hamper or ells where vnto our vse therfore by any maner 
 meanes to be paied or donne ; and expresse mention be made, 
 &c., in witnes whereof &c. 
 
 xxiijfebruariianno WitUCSS &C. 
 tertio Elizabeth. 
 
 Regina omnibus ad quos, etc. Sciatis quod nos de gracia
 
 WORCESTER. 2O9 
 
 nostra speciali de certa sciencia et mero motu nostris ad humilem 
 peticionem et rogatum dilectorum nobis ballivorum, Alderman- 
 norum, Camerariorum ciuium et omnium aliorum inhabitancium 
 et residencium civitatis nostre Wigornie, ac quam plurimorum 
 subditorum nostrorum in comitatu nostro Wigornie pro schola 
 alphabetlcall et gramaticali pro instrucclone et educaclone 
 puerorum In bonis litterls et moribus erigenda stabilienda et con- 
 tinuanda in eadem civitate, necon pro bona continuacione 
 diuersorum pauperum inhlbltancium et residencium in diuersis 
 domibus slue cotagiis elemoslnarum in dicta cluitate Wigornie 
 imperpetuum et perpetuo futuris temporibus duraturis, videlicet, 
 in viginti et quatuor domibus sicut de tempore cuius contrarii 
 memoria hominum non existit fuerunt ibidem inhabitantes et 
 residentes Nos Igltur peticioni et rogatui dictorum ballluorum 
 Aldermannorum [etc.] in dicta civitate concedlmus, volumus 
 ordinamus et constituimus pro nobis heredlbus et successoribus 
 nostris quod de cetero imperpetuum sit et erit una schola alpha- 
 betlcalis et gramaticalis erudicionis et Instruccionis puerorum ad 
 erudlendum instruendum legendum et allter in bonis litterls et 
 moribus docendum et educandum sIcut ab antlquo vsitatum fult In 
 eadem civitate, que vocabitur et nuncupatur Libera Schola civitatis 
 Wigornie, pro educaclone, erudicione et instruccione puerorum Ac 
 quod predlcta 24 cotagia slue domus elemoslnarum vulgarlter 
 nuncupata le Almehouses pro relevio auxilio et sustentaclone 
 quadraginta octo pauperum In civitate predlcta convertantur et 
 remaneant imperpetuum, Necnon Scholam illam de uno maglstro 
 siue pedagogo et subpedagogo continuaturam ad plenum eriglmus 
 creamus, facimus, ordinamus, constituimus et fundamus per pre- 
 sentes. Aceciam ut intencio nostra predlcta meliorem capiat et 
 habeat effectum, et ut terre, tenementa, reddltus, revenciones et 
 alia necessaria ad sustentacionem et supportacionem schole 
 predlcte et cotaglorum siue domorum elemoslnarum predictorum 
 concedenda, asslgnanda et appunctuanda melius gubernentur pro 
 continuacione eiusdem Schole et reparacionibus cotaglorum pre- 
 dictorum de tempore in tempus fiendis et custodlendis volumus, 
 concedlmus, ordinamus et constituimus pro nobis heredlbus et 
 successoribus nostris quod sex quinque vel quatuor de discrecior- 
 
 E E
 
 2IO EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 ibus ciuibus ciuitatis predicte nunc et pro tempore existentibus de 
 cetero imperpetuum sint et erint unum corpus corporatum et 
 politiquum in re, nomine et facto per nomen gubernatorum et 
 supervisorum libere schole et domorum elemosinarum dicte civitatis 
 Wigornie Ac illos unum corpus corporatum et politiquum realiter 
 et ad plenum erigimus, facimus et ordinamus et creamus per 
 presentes Et quod per idem nomen habeant successionem 
 perpetuam et quod ipsi per nomen gubernatorum et supervisorum 
 libere schole et domorum elemosinarum ciuitatis Wigorn. sint et 
 erunt persone habiies et in lege capaces ad habendum, perquiren- 
 dum recipiendum et possidendum terras, tenementa, rectorlas 
 possessiones et hereditamenta sibi et successoribus suis in feodo et 
 perpetuitate, Necnon ad dandum et concedendum, dimittendum 
 et assignandum terras, tenementa et hereditamenta per idem 
 nomen et per nomen gubernatorum et supervisorum libere Schole 
 et domorum elemosinarum civitatis Wigornie placitare et implaci- 
 tari, defendereet defendi, respondere et respondi valeantet possint in 
 quibuscunque curiis placeis et locis coram quibuscumque iudicibus 
 et iusticiis ac aliis personis in omnibus et singulis actionibus sectis 
 querelis causis materiis realibus personalibus et mixtis et demandis 
 quibuscumque cuiuscumque sint generis nature condicionis siue 
 species eisdem modo et forma prout alii ligei nostri persone 
 habiies et in lege capaces placitare et implacitari respondere et 
 respondi, defendere et defendi valeant et possint Et quod 
 habeant comune sigillum pro causis et negociis suis quibuscumque 
 faciendis et agendis serviturum ac quod bene liceat et licebit eis et 
 successoribus suis sigillum illud ad libitum suum frangere imitate 
 et de nouo facere. Et ulterius pro nobis heredibus et successori- 
 bus nostris assignamus, nominamus, constituimus et facimus per 
 presentes dilectos subditos nostros Robertum Youle, Johannem 
 Rowland, alias Stayner, Cristoferum Dyghton, Willelmum 
 Gybbes, Thomam Wallegrove et Willelmum Langley ciues 
 ciuitatis Wigornie esse et fore primos et modcrnos gubernatores 
 cc aupciv' .sores libere Schole et domorum elemosinarum civitatis 
 Wigornie, Et quod idem sex persone et maior numerus earundem 
 sex personarum et successores sui habeant et teneant sibi et 
 successoribus suis eadem terras et tenementa ad usus et intenciones
 
 Worcester. iit 
 
 superius specificatos et quod sex quinque vel quatuor gubernatores 
 et supervisores de tempore iti tempiis facere possint ac ordinare et 
 stabilire pro bono et sano regimine et gubernacione dicte Schole 
 ac domorum sive cotagiorum elemosinarum predictorum ordina- 
 ciones et statuta in scriptis concernencia et tangencia ordina- 
 cionem gubernacionem et direccionem pedagogi subpedagogi et 
 scholarium predicte Schole ac pauperum in domibus predictis pro 
 tempore existentium et salariorum eorundem pedagogi et sub- 
 pedagogi ac quod plenam habeant potestatem et authori- 
 tatem eandem scholam et domos elemosinarum predictorum 
 ac ordinacionem gubernacionem preseruacionem et deposicionem 
 reddituum possessionum revencionum et bonorum ad sustenta- 
 cionem eiusdem schole et domorum elemosinarum predictorum 
 appunctuatorum et datorum appunctuandorum et dandorum 
 tangencium et concernencium tociens quociens eis videbitur 
 opportunum et idoneum dummodo ordinaciones provisiones et 
 statuta ilia non sint in aliquo repugnancia seu contraria legibus et 
 statutis huius regni nostri Anglie, que quidem statuta et ordina- 
 ciones sic fienda volumus et concedimus et per presentes precipimus 
 inviolabiliter observari de tempore in tempus imperpetuum. Et 
 pretereadeuberioribus gracia nostra ac excerta scienciaet meromotu 
 nostris dedimus et concessimus ac per presentes pro nobis here- 
 dibus et successoribus nostris damus et concedimus prefatis modernis 
 gubernatoribus et supervisoribus et successoribus suis et maiori 
 parti eorundem plenam potestatem facultatemet auctoritatem nomi- 
 nandi assignandi et appunctuandi magistrum pedagogum et sub- 
 pedagogum schole predicte tociens quociens eadem schola de 
 predicto magistro pedagogo sive subpedagogo vacua fuerit 
 aceciam nominandi assignandi et appunctuandi aliquem sive aliquos 
 pauperum ad aliquod vel aliqua cottagium sive cotagia predicta 
 tociens quociens aliquod viginti quatuor cotagiorum sive domorum 
 elemosinarum de inhabitantibus et pauperibus vacuum fuerit. Et 
 ulterius volumus concedimus et ordinamus pro nobis heredibus et 
 successoribus nostris per presentes quod quocienscumque et quan- 
 documque contigerit aliquem vel aliquos predictar um sex personarum 
 modernarum pro tempore existencium ab hac vita migrare, quod 
 tunc infra sex septimnnas proximas tunc sequentes post decessum
 
 212 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 huiusmodi persone alius vel alii idonce persone de numero 
 illorum viginti quatuor capitalium ciuium ciuitatis Wigornie 
 vulgariter nuncupatorum the Head Counsaile of the Citie pro 
 tempore existencium per dictas quinque personas vel per malorem 
 partem eorundem adtunc vivencium eligantur et nominantur et 
 sic de tempore in tempus cum casus acciderit. Et ulterius sciatis 
 quod nos in consideracione quod dicti gubernatores et supervisores 
 libere schole predicte et successores sui onera in dicta schola 
 domibus elemosinarum pedagogi et subpedagogi et pauperibus de 
 tempore in tempus melius sustinere et supportare possint et 
 valeant de gracia nostra special! ac ex certa sciencia et mero motu 
 nostris concessimus et licenciam dedimus ac per presentes here- 
 dibus et successoribus nostris quantum in nobis est concedimus et 
 licenciam specialem liberamque et licitam facultatem potestatem 
 et auctoritatem damus prefatis gubernatoribus et supervisoribus 
 et successoribus suis habendi recipiendi et perquirendi eis et 
 eorum successoribus imperpetuum tam de nobis heredibus et 
 successoribus quam de quibuscumque subditis nostris aut de aliis 
 personis quibuscumque sive de alia persona quacumque maneria, 
 mesuagia, terras, tenementa, rectorias, decimas, redditus, rever- 
 siones seruicia seu alia possessiones revenciones vel hereditamenta 
 quecumque que de nobis heredibus vel successoribus nostris non 
 tenentur in capite per servicium militare nee de nobis seu de 
 aliquo alio sive aliquibus aliis per servicium militare ad susten- 
 tacionem, supportacionem et manutencionem schole et domorum 
 elemosinarum predictorum et pedagogi et subpedagogi predict! et 
 pauperum tam infra domos elemosinarum et ciuitatem predictam 
 existencium quam aliorum pauperum indigencium ad dictam ciui- 
 tatem confluencium. Dummodopredicta maneria, mesuagia, terras, 
 tenementa et cetera premissa non excedant annuum valorem sexa- 
 ginta librarum Statute de terris et tenementis ad manum mortuam 
 non ponendis aut aliquo alio statuto actu, ordinacione, prouisione 
 siue restriccione inde in contrarium antehac habitc facto edito ordi- 
 nato seu proviso aut aliqua alia re causa vel materia quacumque in 
 aliquo non obstante. Et ulterius volumus et per presentes conce- 
 dimus quod omnia exitus redditus, revenciones et proficua omnium 
 predictorum maneriorum terrarum, tenementorum, rectoriarum,
 
 WORCESTER. 213 
 
 decimarum possessionum et hereditamentorum imposterum dan- 
 dorum, assignandorum, et appunctuandorum ad sustentacionem, 
 supportacionem et manutencionem dicte schole et domorum elemo- 
 sinarum predictarum de tempore in tempus et futuris temporibus 
 conuertantur ad sustentacionem pedagogi etsubpedagogi schole pre- 
 dicteetpauperum et aliorum pauperum indigencium in dicta ciuitate 
 existencium et ad dictam civitatem confluencium et non aliter nee ad 
 aliquos alios usus seu intenciones Proviso semper quod si imposte- 
 rum inveniatur per debitam legis formam predicta terras, tenementa, 
 redditus et cetera hereditamenta superius expressa et specificata vel 
 revenciones et proficua eorundem ad aliquos alios usus et inten- 
 ciones quam in dictis litteris patentibus specificatos et declaratos 
 committantur, utantur et disponantur, quod tunc hec presens con- 
 cessio nostra vacua sit et nullius vigoris necque efficax in lege. 
 Volumus eciam ac per presentes concedimus prefatis guber- 
 natoribus et superuisoribus quod habeant et habebunt has litteras 
 nostras patentes sub magno sigillo nostro Anglie debito modo 
 factas et sigillatas absque fine seu feodo magno vel parvo nobis in 
 hanaperio nostro seu alibi ad usum nostrum proinde quoquomodo 
 reddendo solvendo vel faciendo, eo quod expressa mencio, etc. 
 
 In cuius rei, etc. Teste ipsa apud Westmonasterium vicesimo 
 tercio die Februarii per breve de privato sigillo, etc. 
 
 1561. Statutes for Free School. 
 
 [Six Masters' Minute Book, D. f. 7.] 
 
 Rules and ordinances to be made for the free schole by the 
 rulers, gouernors, and Supervisors thereof. 
 
 In that Schole shalbe firste an highe maister ; this highe 
 maister in doctrine, lernynge, and teachinge shall derecte all the 
 schole ; this manne shalbe chosenne by the rulers and governors 
 of the free schole, a manne hole in bodye, honeste, and vertuous, 
 and lerned in good and cleyne latyne leterature, a wedid man, a 
 single man, or a preist that haithe no benefice withe cure nor 
 sarvice that maie let his dew busynes in the schole. 
 
 The Rulers shall assemble to gether in the Schole house 
 withe suche advice and counsaill of wele leterate and lerned
 
 2l4 Early iDucATioNf. 
 
 menne as they canne gette, they shall chose this maister and geve 
 vnto hym his charge, sayinge vnto hytn on this wise : 
 
 Syr, we haue chosen you to be maister and teacher of 
 this schole, to teache the children of the same, not allonly good 
 leterature but also good manners, sertefyinge you that this is no 
 rome of contynewaunce and perpetuitye but vppon youre dutye 
 in the Schole, and everie yere at crystenmas vppon Saint 
 Stephen's daie, when we be assembled in the Schole house, ye 
 shall submitte you to youre examynacyon, and fownde doinge 
 youre dutie accordinge, ye shall contynew, otherwise reasonablye 
 warned ye shall contente you to departe, and you of youre 
 partie not warned of vs but of youre owne mynde in any season 
 willinge to departe ye shall geve vs warnynge twelve monthes 
 before, withoute we canne be shortlier well provided of another. 
 
 Also beinge maister ye shall not absent you but 
 vppon lycence of vs the saide Rulers and governors. 
 
 Also if any contravercie and striffe shalbe betwixe you 
 and the vsher of the scole, ye shall stande at the derection of vs 
 the saide Rulers and governors. 
 
 Also if the chosen maister will promysse this, then 
 admytte him and name hym to it, and stalle hym in his seate in 
 the scole, and shew hym his house and his lodginge appointed 
 for hym, and to haue the ymplementes by an inventorye if there 
 be any, and so to delyuer them at his depertinge. 
 
 Also his lodginge he shall haue free without any 
 paymente, and in his lodginge he shalle dwelle and kepe 
 housholde to his poore [/.e. power]. 
 
 Hys wagis to be lymited by the Rulers before 
 mencioned. 
 
 His absence shalbe but ones in the yere and not 
 aboue XXX'^ daies, whiche he shall take coniunction [sic, for 
 conjunctim] or diuisim. 
 
 If the maister be sicke of sicknes curable, yett 
 neverthelesse he shalle haue his wagis, and in suche sicknes if he 
 maye not teache let hym rewarde the undermaister for his more 
 labor somewhat accordinge. 
 
 If the maister be sicke of sicknes incurable, or falle into
 
 WORCESTER, 215 
 
 suche age that he maye not convenientlye teache, and that bene 
 a manne that longe and lawdablye haithe taughte in the scole, 
 then let another be chosen, and by the discrete charitie of the 
 Rulers let there be assigned to the olde maister a reasonable 
 lyvinge as shalle seme to them good, or otherwise as it shalle 
 seme convenient, so that the olde maister after hys longe labor 
 in noe wise be lafte destitute. 
 
 If the vndermaister be in literature and in honeste 
 lyfe accordinge, then the highe maisters rome vacante, let 
 hym be chosen before another. 
 
 The vsher. 
 
 There shalbe also an vsher, some manne vertuous in 
 levinge and welle letered, that shalle teache vnder the maister 
 as the highe maister shalle appointe hym, some single manne or 
 wedid. 
 
 This vsher shalbe chosen by the Rulers, governors, and 
 supervisors before mencioned, with the advice of the highe 
 maister, as often as the rome shalbe voide, a manne hole in body 
 and of lernynge fytt for that rome, whiche shalle before the 
 saide Rulers and Scolemaister be appointted what he shalle do in 
 his office, the Scolemaister sayinge vnto hym on this wise : 
 
 Syr, before these my maisters here, the rulers of this 
 scole, I shew vnto you that they have chosen you to be vnder- 
 maister of this scole, and to teache alwey fro tyme to tyme as I 
 shall appointe you, and supplye my rome in my absence when 
 it be graunted me by my maisters the Rulers, governors, and 
 supervisors, and for suche more labor in my absence I shall 
 somewhat se to you as my maisters here shall thincke beste. 
 
 Then the Rulers shall exorte that vsher diligentlie 
 to do his dutie, and shall sey vnto hym on this wise : 
 
 Youre rome is no perpetuitie, but accordinge to youre 
 labor and diligence ye shall contynew, otherwise fownde not 
 accordinge and reasonablye warned of vs, ye shall deperte ; if it 
 be so that at any tyme ye will deperte of youre owne mynde. ye 
 shall geve vs an half yere warnynge.
 
 2l6 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 If any contravercie be betwixte you and the highe 
 maister ye shall stande at our derection in anythinge. 
 
 If he will promisse this, thenne let the Rulers appointe 
 the vsher and assigne hym his lodginge, if any be, and to haue 
 suche wagis as shalbe appointed hym by the saide Rulers, 
 governors, and supervisors. 
 
 A booke of regester to be kepte for the income 
 of all the Scollers. 
 
 Also that euerie scoller at his income shall paye fower pence 
 towardes the reparacions of the scole and other defence of the 
 same, as shall seme good by the governors thereof, for the 
 avoydinge the danger of fyre.* 
 
 Ordres to be kepte in the scole. 
 
 The scollers shall come to the scole at vj of the 
 clocke, and shall go to dynner at a xj, and come againe at xij 
 of the clocke, and so contynew to fyve. 
 
 Also the Scolemaister shall euerie wensdaie and frydaie 
 at ix of the clocke go to their parishe churche with his scollers 
 before hym in ordre, and if there be no sarvice at that tyme then 
 he to rede a chapter, and at the departinge oute of the churche 
 to singe a psalme with all the children and scollers, suche one as 
 shall seme to hym beste for that tyme, prayinge for the Quenes 
 maiestie and all other fownders that gevith either monye or 
 landes to the maintenaunce thereof 
 
 For the poore people. 
 Also there shalbe amongeste the poore people a bidle 
 chosen, the whiche bidle shall se good ordres and rules amongest 
 the others, that there be no fightinge, scoldinge, nor swearinge, 
 nor no other evell rule kepte amongest them, and if any of them 
 do mysse behaue them selves in these ordres that then the bidle 
 shall geve monission to the rulers and governors that they maye 
 punishe them accordinge as they shall se good, and also the said 
 bidle shall euerye wensdaie and frydaie cause all the poore people 
 to come to their parishe churche in like ordre before rehearsed 
 
 * This paragraph has been scratched out.
 
 WORCESTER. 
 
 217 
 
 [and that everye poore man or woman beinge admytted into any 
 house shall pay for his or hir income ^.d., to be bestowed as is 
 afore mencioned]*, and that non shalbe admytted in but suche as 
 shalbe olde and impotente persons, accordinge to the ordres 
 meante therein. 
 
 1561. Endowment of the Free School. 
 
 [Six Masters' Minute Book D, flyleaf.] 
 The graunte of the Quenes Maiestye at the humble sute of 
 Wyllyam Langley of Worceter and surveyor of hyr Graces mynte 
 in tower of London in the tyme of service there, alteringe the 
 base moneys into fyne sylver, whiche God longe to contynew. 
 Hir maiestie hathe erected and fownded the free scoole of Wor- 
 ceter to contynew for euer, and the almose houses in the trynitie 
 to contynew for euer as dothe appere by hyr letters patentes under 
 the greate scale. 
 
 The Quenes maiestie, at the humble sute of Wyllyam 
 Langley aboue mencioned, dyd geue unto the free scoole 
 61. 13.?. 4^. ; more to the poore people, 
 5/. js. ^d. ; more fortye trees oute of the 
 foreste of Wyer, as doithe appere by hir graces 
 byll assigned at the humble sute of the for- 
 saide William Langley, to be vsed to the build- 
 inge and comforde of the poore, and no otherwise to be vsed by 
 the gouernors and supervisors as by hyr graces letters patentes 
 dothe appere to the godlye meanynge thereof, 
 mo geuen by the subiectes. 
 Maister Thomas Wylde hathe geuen \ 
 to the free scoole for euer apece 
 of grounde called lyttle prytche r/^ 
 
 crofte and iiij acres and a half 
 in great prytche crofte in valew 
 by yere . . . . j 
 
 Note that the vj mastres were 
 forsed to purches othre lands of John Callowhill, 
 notwithstandinge Mr. Wilde's gyft. 
 
 6/. 13s. 4d. 
 Si- IS. 4d. 
 Queen Eliz, gave 
 £6 135. 4d. and 
 ;^5 7J. 4d. and 40 
 trees out of Wire 
 forrest. 
 
 Mr. Thos. Wylde 
 gave to the free 
 school a piece of 
 ground called 
 Little Pitchcroft, 
 and 4 acres in 
 Great Pitchcroft. 
 Notwithstanding, 
 the 6 masters were 
 obliged to 
 purchase the same 
 of J" Callowhill. 
 
 • The sentence in brackets has been scratched out. 
 
 F F
 
 2l8 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Mr. Yowie gave Maystcr Robert Youle hathe geuen ^ 
 
 lands of the value j,^ j^j^j^g ^^ ^j^e free scoole for 1 13/. 6.?. 8</. 
 
 the free school. guer as dothe appere to the valew J 
 
 Katherin Heywood Katryn hcywodde, wydowe, hathe ~) 
 
 fwords°undeci''her- gyucn to the vse of the poore V c markes 
 
 able]. one . . . .J 
 
 Margret browne, wydowe, hathe 1 
 
 KibiT'""' g^"^" *° the vse of the poore for I 33.. ^d. 
 euer in landes by yere in valew . J 
 
 Geven by syr John baker, forde keper of the great 1 , /- q , 
 seale, to the maintenance of the free Scole -J 
 
 More purchased by the gouernors and supervisors 
 withe the saide money of Kateryn heywood, of 
 Thomas Prestewood, and others, once the lady 
 Pakington's one howse and garden in the fore- 
 yate streete . . . . .13.?. ^d. 
 
 One howse and garden in the tenure of Susan 
 
 Bullyngeham ..... 16.?. 
 
 One howse and garden in the tenure of Edward 
 
 Crosby ...... 8*. 
 
 One acre of land in horse lane . . .4*. 
 
 One tenement and garden in the trynyty . . 6s. Sd. 
 
 One howse, stable, and garden in the tenure of 
 
 Edward Crosby .... 20*. 
 
 One garden in the tenure of hyckmans . . 5^. 
 
 One garden in the tenure of heynes . . 2*. 
 
 One garden in the tenure of fletcher . . 25. 
 
 One tenement in Mele Cheping . . . 175. 
 
 more foloweth. 
 
 Chief rentes. 
 Out of the howse ones Ments and now in the 
 
 tenure of . . . Cree .... 3?. /\.d. 
 
 Of the howse in the tenure of Ric. Hunt . . 3v. ^.d. 
 
 Of the cite for a tenement ones Specheleys . 6.«. 8d. 
 
 Of the howse ones Aynesworthe . . . 1 2d. 
 
 To my lovinge Frende Mr. Conan Richardson, Bayliffe and
 
 WORCESTER. 
 
 219 
 
 Receaver of the Revenue of the late dissolued monastery of Per- 
 shore. 
 
 After hartie commendacions Where there ys graunted by 
 the Quenes maiesties a stipend for the grammer Scole within the 
 cittie of Worcetor by yere 61. 13*. ^d., And also to the poore 
 people ther by yere 107^'. 4c?., which said seuerali sommes are 
 payable euery halffe yere. These shalbe therfore to require yow 
 to make payment therof euery halfFe yere from tyme to tyme as 
 the same shalbe due to the handes of the Masters and Gouernors 
 of the same Scole, And vpon syght of this my lettre with 
 thacquittance of the Gouernors or Masters ye shall have your 
 alowance of the same vpon the determinacion of the accompt. 
 So fare ye well, from Worcetor the fyrst of Nouembre 1565. 
 
 These paymentes to begyn at our Ladye daye next cominge. 
 
 Your lovinge frend, 
 
 John Swyfte. 
 
 I pray yow also pay them v marks for reparacions don vpon 
 
 the scole and almose. 
 
 John Swyfte. 
 
 The Fee of the common seale belonginge to this corporacion 
 is 6v. 8f/., viz., to every M' iicL, and %d. to the officer belonging 
 to them, 6.V. 8r/. 
 
 1558 — 1645. List of Masters and Ushers and Choristers' 
 Masters of the Cathedral Grammar School. 
 
 [From Treasurers' Accounts.] 
 
 Mich. 
 
 
 Master. 
 
 Usher. 
 
 Master of Choristers. 
 
 1558. 
 
 Thoi 
 
 mas 
 Bradshaw. 
 
 John Coxe. 
 
 Richard Fisher, 
 
 1561. 
 
 
 >' 
 
 Humfry Horward 
 or Harward. 
 
 >> 
 
 1568. 
 
 
 j> 
 
 )> 
 
 John Golden. 
 
 1576. 
 
 
 ji 
 
 — Maye. 
 
 
 1580. 
 
 
 5> 
 
 Laurence Allcoke. 
 
 Nathaniel Gyles. 
 
 1582. 
 
 
 J> 
 
 Hugh Butcher. 
 
 >> 
 
 1584. 
 
 
 - Maye. 
 
 Thomas 
 
 Ingmathropp. 
 
 i>
 
 220 
 
 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Mich. 
 
 Master. 
 
 Usher. 
 
 Master of Choristers. 
 
 1589. 
 
 Henry Bright. 
 
 Henry Mowle 
 or Mould. 
 
 Robert Coterell. 
 
 1590. 
 
 » 
 
 >> 
 
 Nathaniel Patricke 
 
 1594- 
 
 » 
 
 >> 
 
 John Fido. 
 
 1597- 
 
 )> 
 
 »> 
 
 Thomas Tomkins. 
 
 1627. 
 
 Henry Mowle. 
 
 Thomas Taylor. 
 
 >) 
 
 1643. 
 
 Thomas Taylor. 
 
 
 )) 
 
 1645 
 
 John Toye [i*]. 
 
 — 
 
 >> 
 
 1562 — 1627. Accounts of Governors of the Free School 
 and Trinity Almshouse. 
 
 [Six Masters' Order Book D., p. 26 seq.] 
 
 1562. Ciuitas Wigorn. 
 
 Att the meetynge in the yeld hall there of, John Rollande 
 alias Steyner, Christofer Dighton, William Gybbes, Thomas 
 Willesgroue, William Langeley and Robert Ledington, gouernors 
 and supervisors of the frescole and almes howses, the Tuisdaye in 
 the weke before Whytsontyde, viz., xij° die Maii anno domino 
 m''ccccclxij'' et anno quarto Elizabeth regine etc., hit was agreed 
 that the said John Rollande shall this Daye make his accompt for 
 him and Mr. Yowle deceassed for the yere precedent which 
 foloweth. Apon which accompt fynysshed then they to electa 
 too other masters or receavors for the yere to come. And that 
 yerely in the saide weke the masters or receavors newly elected 
 shall make theyr lyke accompt for the yere now to come. 
 
 The accompt of John Rollande alias Steyner, master and 
 receavor of the revenewe of the freescole and poore people, the 
 xij"" daye of Maye anno quarto Elizabeth regine etc., for iij 
 whole yeres and one quarter begone at the Nativitie of our Lorde 
 god m°ccccclviij and ended at Thanunciacion of our Ladye 
 m'ccccclxij as followeth : 
 
 In charge for iij yeres ended at Chrismas last. 
 
 I s. d. 
 Receaved of Thomas Wylde, deceassed, remayninge 
 
 in stocke . . . . . .200
 
 WORCESTER. 
 
 221 
 
 Of the same Thomas lyckewise 
 
 Of the tenemente beinge an olde rent 
 
 Of Thomas Tolly for iij yeres rent ended at Chrismas 
 
 last ...... 
 
 Of the Quenes receavors towardes the reparinge of 
 
 almes howses ..... 
 
 Of Robert Yowle to paye the scholemaster . 
 
 Summa 
 
 In alowaunces. 
 For ij boltes of yron with a hoocke and hinge for the 
 
 grette gate into the Trynytie 
 For the makinge of a dore with hynges and other 
 
 necessaryes ..... 
 
 For the scoole masters wagyes for iij quarters wagies . 
 
 Summa 
 Et sic debet inde £;^ i^s. 
 
 I -V. 
 
 O I 
 
 o 8 
 
 2 TO 
 
 d. 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 H 
 
 o 4 
 [sic] 
 
 3 4 
 
 o 
 9 
 
 3 
 6 
 
 4 
 8 
 
 968 
 Zd. [sic] 
 
 Receaved in charge for one whole yere ended at Thanunciacion 
 of our Ladye, Anno 1562. 
 
 Receaved at the handes of the gouerners 
 
 Of the generall receavors for one whole yere 
 
 Of the generall receavors for one hole yere . 
 
 Of Hughe Dyckyns and John Mouslowe of the 
 
 whole yeres rent of medow grounde in Prychcroft 
 Of Rychard Yoxall for one yeres rent 
 Of Thomas Wynsor for one yeres rent 
 Of Harry Grene for one yeres rent . 
 Of Susans Bollyngham for one yeres rent 
 Of Oliuer Tompson for Crosbye for one yeres rent 
 Of Julyan Brett, wedow, for one yeres rent . 
 Of William Powell for one yeres rent 
 Of the sayed Oliuer Tompson for Crosbye for one 
 
 yeres rent . . . . . 
 
 I 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 12 
 I 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 13 
 16 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 d. 
 
 o 
 4 
 4 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 4 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 8
 
 222 
 
 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Of Katheryn Hyckemans for one yeres rent 
 
 Of Anthony Heynes for one yeres rent 
 
 Of Olyver Fletcher for one yeres rent 
 
 Of Thomas Grene for half yeres rent ended at 
 
 mychaellmas last ..... 
 Of Rychard Hunt for the lycke 
 Of the Chamberlens .... 
 
 Of Mr. Stret for half yeres rent ended at Thanuncia- 
 
 cion of our lady last .... 
 Of William CofFyn for iij quarters rent ended at the 
 
 same feast ..... 
 
 Of Thomas Tolly for one quarter rent 
 Of William Coffyn foresayed for the whole yeres 
 
 rent of his howse .... 
 
 Of the generall receavors of half yeres rent ended at 
 
 Thanunciacion of our Ladye last past 
 
 Summa 
 
 I 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 .9. d. 
 
 5 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 I 8 
 I 8 
 6 8 
 
 O lO o 
 
 I 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 45 
 
 Alowaunces demanded. 
 
 Inprimis distributed emongest the poore people 
 
 Item payed to William Langeley and Edward 
 Darnell to performe the booke with my ladye 
 Packyngton . . . . . 
 
 Item geven in rewarde to my lady Packyngton's 
 man ..... 
 
 Item payed to John Callowhill 
 
 Item payed to Harry Sturley for the scale of office 
 
 Item payed to the Auditors 
 
 Item payed to the vssher for his half yeres wages 
 
 Item payed vnto the hyghscolemaster for one hole 
 yere ended at the Anunciacion of our Ladye last 
 past ...... 
 
 Item deliuered to John Cotterell to geve to the 
 poore at Christmas as apperethe by your warrant 
 
 £ 
 
 5 
 
 o 
 
 15 
 I 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 12 
 
 s. 
 
 7 
 
 6 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 d. 
 4 
 
 o 
 
 10 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 2 10
 
 WORCESTER. 223 
 
 £ S. d. 
 
 Item payed to William Langeley for a greate booke 
 
 for ther enteringe in all accomptes . .070 
 
 Item payed to Hughe Smyth for worke as apperethe 
 
 by a bill of his hande . , . . o 16 5^ 
 
 Reparacions. 
 Item payed to Typton for v dayes worke at lod. a 
 
 daye . . . . . .042 
 
 Item payed to Roger Busshell and his man for v 
 
 dayes worke and a half . . . .020 
 
 Item payed to Yoxall for iiij"" lodes of grauell . 020 
 Item payed to Rychard Hatherton for a lode of 
 
 grauell and a lode of runnell . . . o o 10 
 
 Item payed for nayles . . . .006 
 
 Item payed for half a thousand of Bricke . .050 
 
 Item payed to Brotherton for the cariage of hit . 006 
 Item payed to Roger Busshell and his man for one 
 
 dayes worke . . . . .014 
 
 Item payed to Mr. Goldstons man for a lode of 
 
 grauell . . . . . .006 
 
 Item payed to a poore woman for caryenge the 
 
 grauell in . . . . .002 
 
 Item payed to John Cotterell for his whole yeres 
 
 Fee at mychaelmas . . . .068 
 
 Item for the dett of Mr. Yowle as apperethe by a 
 
 byll of Mr. Darnells hande . . .370 
 
 Summa . 41 16 3^ 
 And so oweth in the whole apon both thes 
 
 accomptes . . . . . 6 15 10 
 
 Which is payed to the sayed Gouerners and super- 
 visors who electe and chose Christopher Dighton 
 and William Langeley, masters and receavors 
 for the yere to come, In which summa is loste in 
 spanyshe money . . . .028 
 
 And so resteth . . . . .6132
 
 224 
 
 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Wherof is payed to Edward Darnell, gent., for 
 making certen bookes .... 
 
 Item payed to William Langeley for ij tables, 
 parchment and writinge in the same tables 
 
 Item payed to the same William for a booke 
 
 And so remayneth in stocke and delivered to the 
 sayed new masters and receavors 
 
 Remaynes. 
 
 Remayninge vnpayed apon the heed of William 
 Hope for one yeres rent ended at mychaelmas 
 last past . . . . • 
 
 Item for a whole yeres rent for a tenement ones 
 Dynesworthes ended at the Annunciation of our 
 lady last past ..... 
 
 Item of Thomas Grene for the half yeres rent of his 
 tenement at Thanunciacion of our lady last past . 
 
 Of Rychard Hunt lyckewyse 
 
 I s. d. 
 
 o 6 8 
 
 o 6 lo 
 
 o o 6 
 
 5 13 2 
 
 I o o 
 
 O I o 
 
 o I 8 
 
 o I 8 
 
 Memorandum that the sayed £2 los. %d. was bestowed 
 amongest the poore people of every parishe as followeth at 
 Chrismas anno regni domine Regine nostre quarto. 
 
 In Saynt Ellyns parishe 
 
 In Saynt martens parishe 
 
 In Saynt Nicholas parishe 
 
 In Saynt clementes and Albons parishes 
 
 In Saynt Andre wes parishe 
 
 In all Sayntes parishe . 
 
 In Saynt Peters parishe 
 
 In Saynt Swythens parishe 
 
 In Saynt Johnes in Bedwarden 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 per me Edwarde Darnell. 
 
 1563. Mr. Christofer Dighton and William Langley. 
 
 p. 27 b. The Accompte of Master Christofer Dighton and 
 William Langley, Receavors of the revenew of the Free scole and
 
 WORCESTER. 
 
 225 
 
 poore people the tuysday in the weeke before Whitsontyde beyng 
 the xxv"" day of Mail A" domini 1563 and anno regni domine 
 Elizabeth Dei gracia etc. quinto for one whole yere precedent 
 and ended at the Anunciacion of our Lady last past as foloweth. 
 
 Thomas Dowdyng elected gouernor. 
 Att which day the Gouernors, viz., John Rolland, Christofer 
 Dyghton, William Gibbes, Thomas Wallesgrave and William 
 Langley hathe elected and chosen Thomas Dowdyng the sixte 
 gouernor in the place of Mr. Robert Ledington, decessed. 
 
 Receptes, 
 
 Of thandes of Mr. Steyner, late receavor, remayn^ 
 
 inge vpon his accompte in Stocke 
 Of Mr. Wallesgroue in Lone 
 Of Mr. Gybbes in Lone 
 Of Mr. Ledington in Lone. 
 Of Mr. Styner in Lone 
 Of Mr. Langeley in Lone . 
 Of the Quenes receavors for one whole yeres pencion 
 
 for the frescole ended at Novembre anno 1562 
 Of the same receavors for half yeres pencion ended 
 
 at the sayed Novembre for the poore people in the 
 
 trynyty ...... 
 
 Of the sayed receavors for one half yeres pencion for 
 
 the frescole ended at the Annunciacion of our 
 
 Ladye 1563 . 
 Of John Edvvardes for the fyne of a stable and other 
 
 his backeside to hym graunted . 
 Of John Archord for the fyne of howse to him 
 
 graunted . . . . . 
 
 Of Harry Merson for the fyne of the Harpe, and 
 
 other thinges thereaboutes to him graunted 
 Of the sayed Harry Merson and others for olde 
 
 tymbre solde from the whiteladyes 
 Of rentes receaved for one hole yere past 
 
 Summa totalis recepte . 
 
 I 
 
 5 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 3 
 3 
 
 s. 
 
 19 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 2 
 O 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 13 4 
 
 13 
 
 3 6 8 
 
 13 4 
 
 2 13 4 
 
 6 8 
 
 I 
 
 7 II 
 
 22 
 
 15 8 
 
 66 
 
 9 9 
 
 G 

 
 226 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Alowances demaunded. 
 
 I s. d. 
 
 [for building at the Trinity and Whiteladies. Each 
 of two masons and his man, and each of two 
 carpenters and his man were paid 19^. a week] -25 8 2 
 
 Expences in fees. 
 p. 28 b. Item payed to the scholemasters and vsshers 
 
 for their wagies for j yere and quarter . . 22 10 o 
 
 Item payed to John the tyler for takinge downe the 
 
 topp of the chymney at the white hart . .014 
 
 Item payed by John Cotterell to Mr. Coxe, the 
 
 Quenes bayliff . . . . .0150 
 
 Item payed to John Tomes for the rent of the schole 
 
 howse (sithence purchased of him) . . o 10 o 
 
 Item payed to the poore people of the Trynitie beinge 
 
 now but xxij"" at 4^. %d. the pece . .528 
 
 Item payed more by him for ij debenturs for the 
 
 money that was receaved of the Quenes Auditors 040 
 Item payed by him for portage of the same money . 034 
 Item payed for ij acquitances for the same money . 008 
 Item geven to the porter that kept the dore at the 
 
 Audite . . . . . .004 
 
 Item payed to John Cotterell for his half yeres fee 
 
 due at mychaelmas 1562. . . .034 
 
 Item payed for the portage ot the money that was 
 
 receaved of the Queues receavors, and for an 
 
 acquitance .... 
 
 Summa 
 
 Summa totalis allocacionum . 
 Et sic computans debet 
 Whereof ys paied for Mr. Wallesgroues money 
 
 which was lent .... 
 Item to Mr. Gybbes 
 Item to Mr. Steyner 
 Item to Mr. Langeley 
 Item to John Tomes, half yeres rent at the 
 
 Anunciacion of our Ladye last 
 
 29/. : 
 
 I 4 
 
 155. ^d. [sic] 
 
 T,s. ^d. [sic] 
 
 II 6 8 
 
 HJIlCy 
 
 3 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 

 
 Worcester. 227 
 
 I s. d. 
 Item for paper . . . , .001 
 
 Item paide to Mr. Langeley for charges layed out .012 
 And so remayneth nothinge to William "l 
 
 Gybbes and Thomas Wallesgrovene we nothinge. 
 masters and receavors. ) 
 
 1564. Mr. William Gibbes, Mr. Thomas Wallesgrave. 
 
 p. 29 b. The accompt of Mr. William Gibbes and Mr. 
 Thomas Wallesgrave, Masters and Receyvors of the revenewe of 
 the Freescole and Almes howses and poore people the tuysday in 
 the weeke before whitsontyde, beyng the xvj"' day of Mail Anno 
 Domini 1564 et anno regni Domine Elizabeth Dei gracia, etc. 
 Sexto for one whole yere precedent, and ended at the Anuncia- 
 cion of our ladye laste paste as folowethe. 
 Oneraciones. Supra. 
 
 The Remanet at the last accompt. 
 
 Of William Hope for one whole yeres rent for 
 
 the Harpe, and the rest ended at mychelmas £ s. d. 
 1 56 1 and anno iij° Elizabeth . . .100 
 
 Of \_iIanK] for a chief rent goyng out of Aynesworthes 
 howse for one yere ended at the Anunciacion of 
 our lady 1562 . . . . .010 
 
 Of Thomas Grene for the half yeres chief rent going 
 
 out of his howse due at the same feaste . .018 
 
 Of Richard Hunt for the half yeres chief rent going 
 out of the howse in the Erode streete due at the 
 same feaste . . . . .018 
 
 Of the Quenes receavors for the half yeres pencion 
 due to the poore people at the Anunciacion of our 
 ladye 1563 . . . . .2138 
 
 Summa . 3 18 o 
 The rents receaved by the rent roll for the hole yere 
 
 last past . . . . . . 23 5 o 
 
 The whole yeres pencion geven by the quenes 
 
 maiestie for the poore people . . .574
 
 228 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 I S. d. 
 
 The whole yeres pencion geven by the quenes 
 
 maiestle for the Freeschole . . .6134 
 
 Summa -35 5 ^ 
 Summa oneracionum, £'t,<) 3.?. %d. 
 
 Alowaunces demaunded. 
 
 Paied to Parker's wief for the one half of the dext 
 
 in the nether side of the scole . . .010 
 
 To a strainger teachyng children in the sikenes of the 
 
 vssher . . . . . .050 
 
 To the vssher for mychelmas quarter laste . . i 10 o 
 
 [Items for building omitted.] 
 
 To the poore people of the Trynytie the iij'^^ of 
 
 November . . . . . 4 17 2 
 
 To John Tomes for his hole yeres rent (sithenes pur- 
 chased) . . . . . . o 10 o 
 
 [Items for getting payment of the Queen's " pension."] 
 
 To the Townclerk for his fee . . .050 
 
 To the highe scoole master for his whole yeres wagis 
 
 to be ended at Mydsomer next . . ,1200 
 
 For the half yeres pencion for the poore people due 
 
 at the Anunciacion last . . . .2138 
 
 For the half yeres pencion for the schole howse due 
 
 at the same day . . . . .368 
 
 Summa allocacionum, ;^32 2.?. id. 
 
 Et sic computantes debent j^'] \s. 6d. To William Langley 
 and Mr. Thomas Dodyng, Masters and receavors for the yere to 
 come. 
 
 Hit is agreed that the Masters and receavors shall on fryday 
 next distrybute amongst the poore within the citie the sum of 
 three poundes. 
 
 Harry Marson haue undertaken to delyuer to the Masters 
 and receavors 135. ^d. or so moche tiele as amounteth to the 
 same sum in recompence of the said William Hope's rent
 
 WORCESTER. 
 
 229 
 
 behynde, viz., the one half before Mychelmas next and the other 
 half abowte this tyme twelve monethes. 
 
 This is Hary Marson. 
 
 Scriptum per me Edwarde Darnell. 
 
 1566. Christofer Dighton, William Gibbes. 
 
 p. 31. The Accompte of Christofer Dighton and William 
 Gibbes, Masters and receavors of the Revenewe of the freeschole 
 and Almes howses taken before the residue of the Masters, 
 Gouernors and supervisors on the tuysday before Whitson 
 soneday beyng the firste day of June anno viij° Elizabeth regine 
 for one whole yere ended at the Anunciacion of our lady laste 
 paste. 
 
 Oneraciones. 
 
 Remanet at the last Accompte 
 The hole yeres rent of the landys . 
 The whole yeres pencion by the Queue to the poore 
 The peneion geven by the Quene to the freeschole 
 Towardes the reparacion of the Scholehowse by Mr 
 Awditors .... 
 
 Summa of their charge 
 
 Allowances. 
 
 The Accomptaunts do pray Allowaunce for money 
 geven to the poore people, to the Scholemaster, 
 vssher and for other charges as appereth particu- 
 lerly by their booke .... 
 
 Item for reparacion of the schole and other howses 
 and for other charges as particulerly appereth the 
 same booke ..... 
 
 £ 
 
 n'" 
 23 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 13 
 
 Summa 
 
 They pray Allowaunce of £2 6s. od. paied to the 
 scholemaster in parte of payment of his quarter's 
 wages to be due at Mydsomer next . .26 
 
 Also of 135. 4^. paied to the vssher, likewise to be due o 13 
 
 d. 
 
 o 
 4 
 4 
 
 3 6 8 
 38 12 4 
 
 31 4 4 
 
 32 13 5 
 
 o 
 4
 
 230 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Also for the Arreragies for his quarter's rent due at 
 our lady day last .... 
 
 L ^. 
 
 Summa totalis Allocacionum . . 38 12 9 
 
 Quibus allocatis debetur computantibus . 005 
 Newlye elected Masters and receavors for this yere to come, 
 Mr. John Cowcher, high baylyff, and Mr. Thomas Fleete. 
 
 Scriptum per me Edwarde Darnell. 
 
 1582. Ci vitas "Wigorn. 
 
 p. 37 b. The Accompt of Thomas Wallesgrave and John 
 Cowcher, receavers and tresurers of the revenew of the landes and 
 tenementes of the corporacion of the Freeschoole and Almes 
 howses within the Cittie of Worcetter, made and taken apon 
 tuysday next before Whitsonday, viz., the xxix"" of Maii in the 
 xxiiij"" yere of the raigne of our Soueraigne ladie Elizabeth by 
 the grace of god of England, Fraunce and Ireland Queene, 
 Defendor of the fayth, for one whole yere ended at the feaste of 
 thanunciacion of our ladie laste paste, before Mr. Christofer 
 Dighton, Mr. William Gibbesand Mr. Frauncys Streete, gouernors 
 and supervisors of the said Freeschole and Almes howses. 
 
 The charge. 
 Inprimis delyuered to them in stocke 
 Item of Edmond Hall, gent., apon his bille . 
 Item for the Annuytie or pencion geven by the 
 
 queens maiestie towardes the mayntenaunce of the 
 
 Freeschoole . . . . . 6 13 4 
 
 Item for the licke Annuytie or pencion geven 
 
 towardes the relief of the poore in the Trynitie . 574 
 Item the revenew of the landes and tenementes 
 
 belongynge to the Corporacion . . • 3° 5 ^ 
 
 Summa of their charge -58 84 
 Their Alowances. 
 Inprimis the Accomptaunts doe pray alowance for 
 money geven to the poore of the Cittie at Christe- 
 mas laste . . . . .10150 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 f4 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 

 
 WORCESTER. 23 1 
 
 £ S. d. 
 
 Item to the poore in the Trynitie . . .524 
 
 Item for the High Schoolemaster . . .1200 
 
 Item to the Vssher . . . .6134 
 
 Item for reparacions and other charges bestowed and 
 
 dystributed by them as doe particulerlie appere in In the 
 papers of their particulers remaynynge in the whole 
 cheste . . . . . . 40 14 6^ 
 
 Summa of their alowances . 40 14 6^ 
 
 So remanent in stocke . 17 13 9a- 
 
 The which £11 13.V. ^\d. deliuered to the said Mr. Walles- 
 
 grawe and Mr. Cowcher, receavors and Tresurers for the yere to come. 
 
 Item of John Cottell for the arrerages of an olde 
 
 accompte . . . . . . i 16 9 
 
 Item of the same for the like . . .168 
 
 Item of Roger Coffyn for money receaved and nott 
 
 serued for it . . . . .1149 
 
 Item of the same for portage and tees . .034 
 
 Memorandum on the xvj"' day of December 1582 and anno 
 regine domine Elizabeth xxv'" Mr. William James was elected and 
 chosen by the said gouernors and supervisors, viz., Mr. Dighton, 
 Mr. Gybbes, Mr. Wallesgrowe and Mr. Streete to be one of the 
 vj gouernors and supervisors in the place of Mr. John Cowcher, 
 decessed. 
 
 1591. 
 p. 42. The Accompte of Mr. Frauncys Streete and Mr, 
 Robert Steyner, receavors and Tresurers for the yere past ended 
 at the feaste of the Anunciacion of our lady last paste and taken 
 on the tuysday before Whitsonday, viz., the xviij*^ of May in the 
 xxxiij'''^ yere of the raigne of our soueraigne Lady Quene Eliza- 
 beth before Mr. Thomas Wallesgrave, Mr. William James and 
 Mr. Richard Naishe, thre of the gouernors and supervisors of the 
 freeschole and almes howses of the citie of Worcetter. 
 
 There charge. 
 
 C s. d. 
 Inprimis delyuered to the Accomptaunts in stocke 
 
 remaynyng in the foote of the last accompt . 7 7 10
 
 232 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Item for one bill of William Cockes which remayned 
 
 apon his hedd at the same accompt . .100 
 
 Item for money delyuered to the poore in the 
 
 Trynytie by Mr. James . . . .200 
 
 Item for the revenew and rentes of the landes 
 
 belongyng to the Corporacion . . . 30 12 o 
 
 Item for the Anuytie and pencion geven by the 
 
 queenes maiestie towardes the freschole . . 6134 
 
 And for the like Anuytie or pencion geven by her 
 
 maiestie towardes the poore in the Trynytie . 574 
 
 Summa totalis of the receptes . 53 o 6 
 
 There alowances. 
 
 Inprimis paied to Mr. Darnell for his fee 35. 4^., and 
 
 for drynkyng at there entrie 3.9. 6c/., in the whole o 6 10 
 
 Item to Mr. Spakeman, scholemaster, for his wages 
 
 12/., and to Mr. Newdick, vssher, 61. 13.?. ^d. . 18 13 4 
 
 Item paied at the Quenes maiesties auditt for a 
 debentur 3.S. ^cL, to the porter 4^, for the acquit- 
 taunce 3G?., for portage 6.5. 8f/., for a gallon of 
 wine and j'' of sugar to the auditors and receavors 
 3^. lod. . . . . . o 14 6 
 
 Item for settyng up the pentus in the Trynytie, for 
 carpynters 6s. %d., for tiles 12.?. Sc/., for barrells of 
 lyme 3^'. 6d., for grett stones and tymber is., 
 lathes is. 2,d., lathe nayles is. Sd., and for tylying 
 3,v. yd. as particulerly in the papers apperyth . i 1 1 4 
 
 Item paied to Button the BaylyfF of the hundred 
 for the arreragies of yssues for not paieng for 
 respecte of hommage for iij yeres, viz., Mr. 
 Reade's tyme, Mr. Savage and Mr. Winter beyng 
 shreeves . . . . . .200 
 
 Item to the poore of the Trynytie beyng 45. id. a 
 
 peece . . . , . . 5 12 o 
 
 Item geven to the poore of the cittie att the buryall 
 
 of the Lord Busshopp , , . .2134
 
 WORCESTER. 233 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Item lent to the poore in the Trynytie for the yere 
 
 to come as apereth by a note . . .1188 
 
 Item geven to the use of dyuers poore people by the 
 apoyntement of the Masters and gouernors as 
 folowyth : To William Stile i/., To John Rowell 
 /\.d. wiekly for 17 wieks 15.V. %d., To Bakers wief 
 for kepyng a poore child 25*., For apparelyng of 
 Mickleton 20i". 6f/., To Kempe for servyng 
 Alexanders roome the last yere 3.$. 4^., To John 
 Cotterell 2*., Towardes the keepyng of Poolers 
 children 2.?., For a shrowde for Kate Brian i.y. Sd., 
 Paid to Roger Sherman for Richard the Sawer 
 6*. 4^., To an other poore bodye 4f/., To old Swan 
 2s. In the whole . . . .4188 
 
 Item aske alowaunce for the said bill of William 
 
 Cockes not receaved . . . .100 
 
 Summa of the alowances 47/. 4.?. %d. \sic\ 
 
 And so remaynyth stock . . . . 5 15 10 
 
 Delyuered to Mr. Thomas Wallesgrave and Mr. Richard 
 
 Naishe, receavors and Thresuerers for the yere to come. 
 
 p. 42 b. 1592. Usher, Mr. Ambrose. 
 
 p. 46. 1597. The Accompte of Mr. Frauncis Streete 
 and Mr. Robert Steyner, Receavors and Thresurers of the 
 Revenewes of the Lands and Tenementes of the Freescoole 
 and Almes houses within the Cittie of Worcester, made on 
 Thursdaie beinge the ix* dale of June 1597 Anno regni Regine 
 Elizabeth xxxix in the presence of Thomas Walgrove alias 
 Fleete, William James, Richard Naysh and Richard Hall, fower 
 of the gouernors and supervisors of the said Freescoole and 
 Almes howses. 
 
 I ^. d. 
 Inprimis Receaved for one yeres Rente for the Lands 
 and Tenementes belonginge to the Freescoole and 
 poore people for this yere ended the 25"' dale of 
 Marche last . . . • . . 32 2 o 
 
 H H
 
 234 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 I S. d. 
 
 Item receaved of the Queenes Maiesties gyfte towards 
 
 the Freescoole . . . . 6134 
 
 Item receaved of her Maiestie towardes the Relief of 
 
 the poore people in the Trynitie . . .574 
 
 Summa . 44 2 8 
 Whereof they pray Allowaunces as followeth : 
 Inprimis paid to Mr. Hues highe Scoolemaster of the 
 
 Freescoole for Mydsomer . . .300 
 
 Item paid to Mr. Ambrose vsher of the same scoole 
 
 for the same quarter . . . .1134 
 
 Item paid to Richard Bydle for entringe of the last 
 
 yeres accompte . . . . .034 
 
 Item paid more to Mr. Hues for his wage due att 
 
 Michaellmas . . . . .300 
 
 Item paid more to Mr. Ambrose vsher of the same 
 
 scoole for the same quarter . . .1134 
 
 Item paid for a pottell of sacke and a pottell of 
 
 Clarett wyne and a pounde of sugar geven to Mr. 
 
 Audytor and to Mr. Receavor of her Maiesties 
 
 Rentes . . . . . .044 
 
 Item geven to their Clarkes at the same time for 
 
 their fees . . . . .028 
 
 Item paid for the Tenthes of the White Ladies and 
 
 for an Acquyttance . . . .0104 
 
 Item paid to the poore of the Trinitie beside that 
 
 which Mr. Hall paide . . . .420 
 
 Item paid more to Mr. Hues highe Scoolemaster of 
 
 the Freescoole for Christmas quarter . .300 
 
 Item paid more to Mr. Ambrose vsher of the same 
 
 scoole for the same quarter . . .1134 
 
 Item paid more to Mr. Hues for our Ladie daie 
 
 quarter . . . . . .300 
 
 Item paid more to Mr. Ambrose for the same quarter 113 4 
 
 Summa . 23 16 o
 
 o 
 
 17 
 
 8 
 
 o 
 
 15 
 
 4 
 
 o 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 o 
 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 o 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 o 
 
 17 
 
 8 
 
 o 
 
 17 
 
 8 
 
 o 
 
 15 
 
 6 
 
 o 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 WORCESTER. 235 
 
 Paid money to certeine poore people weekelie as followeth : 
 
 I s. d. 
 Viz., paid to Thomas Amyas 4(/. a weeke for 53 
 
 weekes ...... 
 
 Paid to oulde Wade ^d. a weeke for 46 weekes 
 
 Paid to Corke id. -a. weeke for 53 weekes . 
 
 Paid to wydowe Lappington i\.d. a weeke for 28 
 
 weekes ...... 
 
 Paid to wydowe Parks j^d, a weeke for 26 weekes . 
 Paid to wydowe Hooper 4f/. a weeke for 53 weekes 
 Paid to William Jackson ^d. a weeke for 53 
 
 weekes ...... 
 
 Paid to wydowe Fawcett 6d. a weeke for 31 weekes. 
 
 Paid more to her ^d. a weeke for 22 weekes 
 
 Paid to Hughe Vyner ^d. a weeke from the 4"" of 
 
 December to the 22"" of February . .040 
 
 Paid to wydowe Evett for the keepinge of a boye 
 
 from the 5"^ of June to the 18'*' of December 6d. 
 
 the weeke beinge 29 weekes . . .0146 
 
 Paid her yl. a weeke for 23 weekes . • '^ S 9 
 
 Paid to John Shawe ^d. a weeke from the 24"^ of 
 
 December to the 5"* of June beinge 24 weekes . 080 
 Paid to wydowe Warrett from the 16"' of January 
 
 vntill the 12"' of February i2f/. a weeke beinge 5 
 
 weekes . . . . . .050 
 
 Paid to her more 6d. a weeke from the 12"' of 
 
 February vntill the 5* of June beinge 17 weekes . 086 
 Paid to Roger Madley from the 26"' of February to 
 
 the 19"" of March 6f/ a weeke . . .020 
 
 Paid to John Hibbins from the 26"' of March to the 
 
 9"" of June %d. a weeke beinge 1 1 weekes . 074 
 
 Item paid to the poore of the Trynitie which is lent 
 
 to them before hande, whose names are sett downe 
 
 in wrytinge to be deliuered . . .266 
 
 Item paid to Richard Cowlinge for his fee . .034 
 
 Paid to Mr. highe Baylie for the money borowed 
 
 out of Mr. Fleetes money at Christmas . .300
 
 2^6 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Paid for half a bushel of Beanes for 23 weekes . 3 9° 
 
 Paid to certaine poore people as appeareth by a note, 
 
 4/. (,s. id. 
 
 Summa , 1 7 1 1 1 1 
 
 Payd. So remayneth due to me i /. 11.?. \id. 
 
 Sunima totalis . 45 14 7 
 
 [The names of schoolmaster and usher are not given again 
 till 1600, when Richard Bedell is paid as usher. In 1602 
 occur the items, " Lent to Raphell Baston the ussher beforehande 
 in parte of payment of midsomer quarter next 20s. Item paid 
 for mendinge the glasse windowes in the scoole howse I2d. 
 Item paid to John Ingham for mending the scoole 5v."] 
 
 p. 51 b. 1603. The accompte of Frauncis Streete and 
 Robertt Rowland alias Skyner, threasureres of the Revenewes of 
 the landes and tenementes of the Free scoole and Almes howses 
 within the Cyttey of Worcester, made vpon Tueseday next 
 before Whytsonday beinge the vij*'' day of May anno 1603 and in 
 the first yere of our soveraigne Lord Kinge James his Raigne, 
 etc. In the presence of Mr. Thoinas Walegrove, etc. 
 
 Inprimis receaved in money at the last accompte as 
 
 apperith in the foote of the same accompte 
 Receaved for one yeres Rent ended at St. Mary day 
 
 last past due to the Corporacion . 
 Receaved of the Kinges Auditors one yeres annuitie 
 
 given by the Kinge vnto the poore in the Trynity 
 Receaved of the Kinges Auditors one yeres Rent due 
 
 to vsher and ended at Michaelmas last 
 Receaved at the last accompte a note in writinge of 
 
 money paid beforehande to the poore in the Trynity 
 Receaved one thowsand of tyle 
 
 Summa .61 76 
 Whereof they pray allowaunces as foUoweth — 
 Inprimis paid to the hie scolemaster one yeres 
 
 wages ended at St. Mary day last past . .1368 
 
 I s. 
 
 d. 
 
 9 15 
 
 6 
 
 36 16 
 
 4 
 
 5 7 
 
 4 
 
 6 13 
 
 4 
 
 2 I 
 
 8 
 
 13 
 
 4
 
 WORCESTER. 
 
 m 
 
 Item paid to the vsher one yeres wages ended at St 
 Mary day .... 
 
 Item paid to the poore in the Trynity 
 
 Item lent to Richard Bedell, the walker [i.e. fuller] 
 
 Item lent to Thomas Sandford 
 
 Item paid the giasier for taking downe and settinge 
 vp the glasse in the scoole 
 
 Item paid to John Wigfall for Fees and other 
 chardges due to the Auditors at the receit of 
 money at Bridgenorth . . . . 
 
 Item paid to Mr. Fleete money borowed of him at 
 Christmas . . . . . 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 13 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 o 
 
 d. 
 
 4 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 Item paid to Edward Anthonies for Irenworck to 
 
 the stockes . . . . .014 
 
 Item paid for tymber and makinge the stockes . 034 
 
 Item paid to Laborer for one daies worck . .006 
 
 Item paid for a Lock and key to the stockes . 010 
 
 Item paid to Maseley and his man for three daies 
 
 worck and tymber to amend the scoolehowse . 050 
 
 Given to Robertt Homes to bringe him to Bathe 
 
 068 
 
 Given to Mason's wiefe to goe to Bathe 
 
 0100 
 
 Item paid to Richard Bedell towardes his wages in 
 
 the scoole . . . . .0134 
 
 Item given more to Robertt Homes . . 0100 
 
 • •■••• • 
 
 Item given to the prisoners . . , .020 
 
 Item paid weekley to the poore . . .1700 
 
 Item paid Mr. Hall, beinge overcounted at his 
 
 accompte . . . . 200 
 
 Item paid Edward Cottrell his fee . . .068
 
 238 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 I s. d. 
 Item paid Richard Bedell his fee . . .034 
 
 Summa • 63 5 3 
 p. 67. 16 1 7. The accompt of John Cowcher and Thomas 
 Moore, gentlemen, Treasurors of all the revenews, landes and 
 tenementes belonginge to the Freeschoole and Almeshouses 
 within the Citty of Worcester the first day of May anno Domini 
 161 7. In the presence of Robert Stainer, John Bachler, George 
 Stinton, and Edward More, gentlemen, Masters of the Corpora- 
 cion of the Six Masters within the said Citty. 
 
 I s. d. 
 Inprimis for one whole yeares rent due to the said 
 
 Corporacion at St. Mary day last past . . 57 10 8 
 
 Item receaved of Thomas Fleete, gent., deceased, to 
 
 be geven to the poore of iiij almes houses in Frogg 
 
 lane . . . . . .168 
 
 Item of Mr. Thomas Fleete due att St. Mary day 
 
 was twelve moneth for iiij acres in Prich Croft . 168 
 Item receaved of Mr. Stinton for a Fine of the said 
 
 iiij acres in Prich croft after Mr. Thomas Fleete's 
 
 lease shalbe ended . . . .8100 
 
 Item receaved of Brodhurst and Nicolls more then 
 
 the rent sett downe in the rent Rowle to Mr. 
 
 Stinton . . . . . . o 15 4 
 
 Item receaved a chief rent due out of Gawther his 
 
 house in the brode streete where he dwelled, due 
 
 att Michallmas 161 5 . . . .034 
 
 Some . 69 12 8 
 Whereof they pray alowance as followeth — 
 
 Inprimis paid Mr. Stinton due to him the last yeare 838 
 Item paid to the twoe Schole masters Mr. Dolphin 
 
 and Mr. Huck for this yeares wages ending att St. 
 
 Mary day last past . . . . 20 o o 
 
 Item paid to the poore people in the trinitie for their 
 
 pencions ended att Chrismas, being 24 houses . 5120
 
 WORCESTER. 239 
 
 S. 
 
 Item paid to diverse poore people for their weekly 
 pencions, viz., Barber, 255. ; John Davis, 14*-. ; 
 Maudoe Peter Crue and Raph Woodwarde, 
 2/. 10.?. ; Bailies, 2 2,v. lod. ; Widdow Mason, 
 Hugh Davis and William Arden, 37.5. 6d. Soe 
 all is . . . . . 791 [sic] 
 
 Item paid at the Kinges Audite att Bewdley for the 
 
 white ladies and litle Prichcroft . . .0146 
 
 Item for horse hire, quyttance and other charges 
 
 there . . . . . .032 
 
 Item paid Mr. Brogden for portage of 12/. o^. 8d. . 0120 
 
 Item paid Mr. Blizard for seisure of Callowhills 
 
 land . . . . . .168 
 
 Item paid Mr. Frogmer for fees about the pardon . 084 
 
 Item paid Mr. Langford for the copy of ij writtes . 010 
 
 Item paid Mr. Simondes for followinge the suit in 
 
 the wardes . . . . .078 
 
 Item paid for clothing Jacob Yoxall, blind Jones and 
 blind Mat woman. Barber's boy, widdow Bucknell, 
 Sowthes wief, Ales James, old Richardes and way- 
 man's child . . . . .2211 
 
 Item paid towardes the relief of poore and sick persons 
 
 and for srouds to bury the deade . .276 
 
 Item paid for hordes, timber, tyles, brick, lime, sand, 
 clay, nayles, rods and workmanshipp as may 
 appere in the trinitie and elswhere . . 5 i? 7 
 
 Item Henry Marson oweth m(ille) of tile due last 
 
 yeare . . . . . , o 15 o 
 
 Item paid to the Almes people dwellinge in Frog 
 
 lane almes houses . . . .168 
 
 Item paid Edward Cottrell his fee . . .068 
 
 Item Priuen, Rabon, Chater, Dudleston and bund . 090 
 
 Item the chief rent out of Gather's house is yet 
 
 vnpaid . . . . . .034 
 
 Some . 58 7 I
 
 240 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 I s. d. 
 
 So there remaineth vpon this accompt due to the 
 
 Masters of the Corporacion the some of . .1157 
 
 Viz., 10/. 15.?. id. delyverd to Mr. Steyner and Mr. Bachler, 
 and 6s. Sd. dew by Mr. Stinton, and 35. ^.d. for Robert Master's 
 fee, which three somes being 11/. 5.?. jd. Mr. Bachler by his 
 accowmpte doth charge him selfe with as by his accompte 
 appereth. 
 
 p. 85. 1626. Charges in Reparacions. 
 
 Item payd to John Price the mason, and to his man 
 for on dayes worke in the Scoll and in the Trinnity 
 
 £ ^. d. 
 
 Item payd for the mendinge of the glas windoes in 
 
 the free Scolle . . . . .050 
 
 Item payd for an Iron Latch and Cach, two stapuUs 
 for the Schole house Dore, and for a whock for the 
 store howse dore. . . . all o o 9 
 
 Money given to the poore 
 
 In theire extremity of Sicknes as apereth Some is . 2 8 1 1 
 
 Rentes unpayd and Respited . . .1128 
 
 The some of all the allowances is . . .6578 
 
 p. 88 b. 1627. 
 Some totall Receaved is . . . . 66 15 9 
 
 Item payd to Mr. Jonnes, Scole maister, and Mr. 
 Hoock, vsher of the free Scolle, 15/. 8^., more to 
 them for an Increse of theire vsuall wages for the 
 last yeares, 1626, 3/. 9J. ^d., soe the totall some 
 to them payd for that yere is . . .18174 
 
 Item, the rest of theire wages was payd to them by the 
 Chamberlines out of the rent of Littell prichcroft for too yeres 
 profitt since Mr. Coucher delivered it vp to the Citty.
 
 WORCESTER. 24I 
 
 1569. Inquiries as to Cathedral School at Bishop 
 
 Sandy's Visitation. 
 
 [Transc. Lansd. MSS., xi., f. 204. Printed in Alcuia Cliibj xvi., 
 pp. 333-229.] 
 
 Articles to be inquired of by the Reverend Father in God, 
 Edwin, Bishop of Worcester, throughout his diocese in his 
 visitation begun the 27th of June, T569. 
 
 20. Item, whether you have any schoolmaster in your parish ; 
 and if you have, what is his name, how long hath he been with 
 you and who gave him licence to teach, wh... is his stipend, and 
 whether he teach in private house or publicly. 
 
 21. Item, whether he teacheth the children admitted to his 
 charge diligently and according to the order taken in the Queen's 
 Majesty's Injunctions, whether he be a favourer of true religion 
 and whether he lead an honest life or no. 
 
 Articles to be ministered to the dean and chapter of the 
 cathedral church of Worcester and other ministers of the same in 
 the visitation of Edwin, Bishop of Worcester, begun the sixth day 
 of July 1569 in the eleventh year of the reign of our Sovereign 
 Lady Elizabeth, by the grace of God Queen of England, France 
 and Ireland, defender of the Faith, etc. 
 
 16. Item, whether you have such number of choristers as be 
 appointed by the statutes, and whether their master be apt and 
 willing to bring them up and instruct them in singing and playing 
 on the organs according to the statutes. 
 
 17. Item, whether the number of the children of the grammar 
 school appointed by the statutes be chosen and maintained 
 according to the tenor thereof. 
 
 18. Item, whether the children appointed be apt to learn, 
 poor and desdtute of friends able to find them otherwise, and have 
 their grammar rules before they be admitted. 
 
 19. Item, whether any of the said children do continue in the 
 said stipend of the statutes over and above the years limited by 
 the statutes. 
 
 20. Item, whether your Schoolmaster and ushers be learned 
 in the Latin and Greek tongue and of good religion, name, and 
 fame according to your statutes. 
 
 I I
 
 242 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 1610-1. University Exhibitions for King's Scholars. 
 
 [Liber Thesaurarii, vol. i., A. xxvj.] 
 
 Liber Johannis Archbold Thesaurarii Ecclesiae Cathedralis 
 Wigorniensis anno Domini 161 1. 
 
 Eleemosynae distrlbutiae. 
 
 Given to [blank in MS.] Oliue, a poore Scholler who 
 went fro this Schoole to Bayleoll Colledg at the 
 motion of Mr. Bright 23 Feb. . . .55. 
 
 To Rowland Dolphyn of Edmund Hall in Oxford for an 
 Exhibition graunted unto him for 3 yeeres. 
 
 j* solutio in festo Annuntiationis manibus propriis Maii xo 
 
 161 1 . . . . . . .5*. 
 
 To William Dugard for an Exhibition in like manner 
 
 graunted to him. j* solutio in festo Anuntiationis 16 10 5.9. 
 
 Emtio librorum. 
 
 For a Great Bible of the new Translation in twoo volumes 
 
 To Mr. Broughton . . . . .58*. 
 
 Solutiones extraordinariae. 
 
 To one Thomas Owen, one of the Schollers, for his 
 paynes in writing a Catalogue of the Bookes and going 
 to Warrendon with Mr. Mowle . . . 2s. 
 
 To a woman for sweeping the Schoole all the last yeere, 
 for which the Schollers being but few could not give 
 her sufficient satisfaction, 1° Decembris . . 4.?. 
 
 To John Tomkyns, a chorister of the King's Chappell, 
 
 for singing in the Quyre at divers times . . . j,y. 
 
 To 4 men to lade and unlade a cart and to bring in the 
 
 Bookes ...... IS. 2d. 
 
 To the carter for his paynes that brought the bookes from 
 
 Warrendon . . . . . .2.5. 
 
 To Richard Staple, Beedle of the Baggers . . 4*.
 
 WORCESTER. 243 
 
 1616, 25 Nov. Dean Arthur Lake reverses chapter 
 grant of Usher's house to some one else. 
 
 [Chapter Act Book, 1605, etc., f. 56 b.] 
 
 Capitulum Generale, 25 Nov. 161 6. 
 At which Chapter the said Mr. Deane [Arthur Lake] and 
 prebendaryes did decree that, where a coppie of the house wherein 
 Mr. Mowle now dwelleth, in open court was la telle graunted for 
 lief or lives for that they did, as nowe they doe, purpose the 
 same shall continewe to a peti-cannon or one of the scholemasters 
 perpetuallie and therefore they doe decree the said late last grant 
 to be reversed & to be of noe force or effect — " but that the 
 same shall contynewe as aforesaid to one of ye schoolemrs. or 
 one of the peti canons paying ye old rent for ye same and the 
 rather that the graunters of the coppie did passe the said coppie 
 upon condition " that if Mr. Deane at his next comming, viz., this 
 chapter, shall be pleased to continewe the same house to the use 
 aforesaid, then the said coppie should be reversed. 
 
 1618-9. Chapter Payments for King's School and 
 Scholars. 
 
 [Liber Thesaurarii, A. xxvj.] 
 
 Eleemosynas pauperibus. 
 Given to a poore scholer a Traueller by Mr. Sub-deane . 6rf. 
 Given to a poore scholer which came out of Ireland, by 
 
 the appointment of Mr. Archbold . . . iid. 
 
 Given to a poore scholer by the appointment of Mr. 
 
 Bright . . . . .lid. 
 
 Johanni Charletti, Ballivo forinseco. 
 Payd to the goodman Munne his wages due at Christmas 
 
 for keepinge the king's scholler's seat . . .lid. 
 
 Payd to Mr. Powell an allowance given by Mr. Deane and 
 
 chapter of 40.^. the yeare for foure yeares toward the 
 
 maintenance of his Sonne in Oxford, whereof this is the 
 
 third payment ..... 40J. 
 
 Payd to goodman Stanton the musition for playinge on 
 
 the cornetts in the Quyre .... 20^.
 
 244 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 1627, 4 March. Epitaph on Henry Bright, Headmaster, 
 1588 to 1626. 
 
 [Formerly in the nave of the Cathedral on a pillar, now on the wail 
 of the north aisle, east of the north door.] 
 
 Stop, stranger, and read. The famous schoolmaster, Mr. 
 
 Henry Bright, who presided over the Royal school here 
 
 founded for full 40 years ; than whom no one was more 
 
 industrious, learned or skilful in successfully teaching Latin, 
 
 Greek and Hebrew, as witness both Universities which he 
 
 sufficiently supplied with numerous learned youths ; also for the 
 
 same number of years & more a doctor of divinity and for 7 years a 
 
 greater canon of this church, he often here and elsewhere played the 
 
 part of the holy herald of God with great zeal and effect ; pious, 
 
 learned, upright, frugal, deserving well alike of state and church, 
 
 worn out at last by his strenuous labours by day and night from the 
 
 year 1 562 to 1626, on the 4"' of March sweetly rested in the Lord. 
 
 Mane Hospes et lege. 
 
 Magister Henricus Bright 
 
 Celeberrimus Gymnasiarcha 
 
 Qui Scholae Regiae istic fundatae per totos 40 annos 
 
 Summa cum laude praefuit 
 
 Quo non alter magis sedulus fuit, scitusve ac dexter 
 
 in Latinis, Grascis, Hebraicis Literis 
 
 fehciter edocendis 
 
 Teste utraque academia quam instruxit affatim 
 
 Numerosa pube Literaria. 
 
 Sed et totidem annis eisque amplius Theologiam professus 
 
 Et hujus Ecclesias per septennium Canonicus major, 
 
 Saepissime hie et alibi Sacrum Dei prasconem, 
 
 Magno cum zelo ac fructu egit. 
 
 Sic pius, doctus, integer, frugi, de Republica 
 
 deque Ecclesia optime meritus, 
 
 A laboribus perdiu, pernoctuque ab anno 1562 
 
 ad 1626 strenue usque exantlatus 
 
 4° Martii suaviter requievit 
 
 in Domino. 
 
 [Arms. — Azure, a Jess erminois, in chief three crescents.^
 
 WORCESTER. 245 
 
 1627, 8 June. New Usher. 
 
 [Chapter Act Book.] 
 
 Item a graunt of the usshership to Mr. Taylor and allsoe a 
 patent of the same. 
 
 1627, 27 April. Grant of Exhibition of /^2 a year for 
 3 years to a King's Scholar. 
 
 [Wore. Cath. Mun., A. xxi., last page.] 
 
 Memorandum that at the request of Mr. Hoare, Mr. Deane 
 hath graunted unto John Toy, one of the Gramer schoUers of 
 this schole, Forty shillings a yeare for three yeares to commence 
 at Xmas next, which 40.?. was graunted to one Humfry Williams, 
 whoe hath had yt about foure yeares, or after his decease. This 
 was noted by me at the request and relacion of Mr. Hoare and 
 not otherwise. 
 
 1634, 27 Nov. Augmentation of pay of Schoolmasters 
 of Cathedral Grammar School. 
 
 [Chapter Act Book, f. 117.] 
 
 Roger Maynwaring, Dean. 
 
 It is agreed by the consent of the Dean and Chapter that 2 
 porcions of corne (viz.) one porcion out of Brodwas nowe in the 
 possession of Mrs. Thornhill, and the other porcion out of the 
 parish of Overbury now in the possession of Mr. Archbold, 
 when they happen to be voide, shalbe for euer distributed to the 
 Quire and Scholemasters, and alsoe that the said Quire and 
 Scholemasters shall have the x**" parte of all the fines that are 
 raised out of the coppyholds that are ad voluntatem Domini 
 Prouided always that neither the Dean and Chapter nor the 
 Quire shall euer haue power to lease the said porcions of Corne, 
 but that the same be for euer paid in fine unto the said Quire. 
 
 Reserving to us and our successors the distribucion of the 
 said corne and fines to the Dean and Chapter and their successors 
 for euer. 
 
 [This act was repealed except as to the choir and as to fines
 
 1/^.6 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 on copyholds, though increase to choir (not to schoolmasters) 
 was continued.] 
 
 And further prouided that this act shall not abridge them of 
 any other addition, especially of that of the improvement of 
 coppie hold rents in kind. 
 
 1635, 25 Nov. King's Scholars to go to Cathedral two 
 and two. 
 
 [Chapter Act Book under date.] 
 
 Item, it is decreed that the Scholmasters shall diligently 
 observe that the King's schollers doe decently come in to the 
 Church by two and two dooing their Reverence towards the 
 Easte, and that when that prayers is donne that likewise they 
 passe out by Twoe and 2 (sic) doing the like reverence towards 
 the East. 
 
 1635-6. The Cathedral Grammar School moved into 
 the Charnel House, through Archbishop Laud's visita- 
 tion. Injunctions after Visitation 20 Feb. 1635-6. 
 [Lambeth MS. 943, f. 439.] 
 
 Orders enioyned by the Most Reverend Father in God 
 William Lord Archbishopp of Canterbury his Grace, Primate of 
 all England and Metropolitan, to be observed by the Deane and 
 Chapter of Worcester made upon their joynt and severall 
 answeres unto the Articles of Inquiry given them in charge in his 
 Graces Metropoliticall Visitation depending in the diocese of 
 Worcester A.D. 1635. 
 
 5. Item that your choristers be duly and diligently catechised, 
 which hath been formerly too much neglected. 
 
 6. Item that your churchyard be decently and without 
 prophanation kept and that you take care that the bones of the 
 dead may not lye scattered up and downe, but that they be 
 gathered together and buryed. And that the Chappell called 
 Capella carnarie scituate in the entry of your Cathedrall, now 
 prophaned and made a Hay Barne, be restored and employed to 
 the wonted use ....
 
 WORCESTER. 247 
 
 In witness hereof We Have hereunto put our Archlepiscopall 
 Seale Yeven att our Mannor of Lambeth the Twentieth day of 
 February In the Yeare of our Lord Jesus according to ye 
 computation of the Churche of England one thousand six hundred 
 thirty and five and of our translation the third. 
 
 The Charnel House converted into School and the School House 
 (.'' the Refectory) into a Library. 
 
 [Chapter Act Book under date 9 Oct. 1636.] 
 
 Item, it is decreed that the Chappell called Capella Carnaria 
 shalbe settled for the Schole house and that the Schole house that 
 now is shalbe converted into a Librarie, and a dore made there- 
 into out of the Cloysters and that as soone as conveniently may 
 be parte of the house which is nowe Dr. Stewards shalbe 
 prouided for the Scholemaster. 
 
 All books and records to be put in the Tower. 
 
 1637, 13 Jan. and 26 Jan. Disputes between Bishop of 
 Worcester and Dean and Chapter in letters to Archbishop 
 Laud as to the Charnel House being used for the school. 
 
 [State Papers Domestic, Charles I., vol. 343, No. 77; vol.344, 
 No. 107.] 
 
 Endorsed : From the Bishop of Worcester concerning the 
 differences between himselfe and the Dean and Chapter. 
 For my lord his grace of Canterbury. 
 
 My gracious good lord .... 
 
 I let your Grace understand, that the decaied Chappell stand- 
 ing over the charnell house, not within, but without the Church, 
 was used by the Bishops for a house to put hay in ever since the 
 dissolucion, they having none other. Nevertheless in obedience 
 to your Grace's order, I delivered the same to Mr. Tomkins the 
 Prebendary, who promised that the same should be converted to 
 a pious use, viz., for prayers at six in the morning. But now he 
 removeth, and breaketh downe all things of the old spacious
 
 248 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Schoole into this litle Chappell, ioyning on the Church of the 
 Bishops Pallace, who wilbe much disquieted, and disturbed with 
 the noyse of the Boyes, who are in number neere 200, the place 
 being litle more then halfe as big as the former Schoole : in this 
 Chappell there is an ancient Monument of some greate personage, 
 and I am perswaded there wilbe more prophanation of the place 
 by swearing, and lying amongst Boyes, then when hay was laid 
 in it. 
 
 Your Graces humble 
 
 servant and Beadesman, 
 Worcester xiii"" January 1636. Jo. Wigorn. 
 
 The high-church Dean attacks Bishop, and a high-church Canon 
 boxes a scholar's ears in Cathedral. 
 
 Endorsed : From Dr. Potter, Dean of Worcestre. 
 Complaints concerninge the carridge of the Bishop against the 
 Dean and Chapter. 
 
 To the most reverend and right honorable the Lord Arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury his Grace his most honoured lord at 
 Lambeth. 
 
 My most honared Lord, .... 
 
 The Bishop's anger we have deserved by 2 things, i. By 
 rescuing a charnell house from his prophanation who passionately 
 desired to keepe it still for his hay house (keeping his owne 
 Chappells not so cleanly as now we keepe that). 
 
 Now I humbly beseech your Grace to heare our grievances. 
 His Lordship i, denies us our land belonging cleerely to our 
 charnell house and necessarie to us for our Schoole, and saies we 
 shall have it when we have sued for it in law, but not before. . . . 
 .... 6. He hates and speaks most unworthily of Mr. Tomkins 
 our Prebend, who is as worthy, honest and trueharted a church- 
 man as any is of his qualitie in England. And the Bishop's 
 hatred hath so inflamed the Cittizens, that this good and worthy 
 man is made amongst them their matter of sport and contempt, 
 all the iniuries and affronts possible putt upon him by their very 
 boies, nay by our owne Schoole boies, to whom we give
 
 WORCESTER. 249 
 
 Exhibition. Very lately, coming out from quire service as he 
 was doing his adoration to God, purposely to hinder him in that 
 action, the boyes came thrusting and thronging upon him (who 
 was then senior at home and had my Author! tie) in such an 
 insolent fashion that he was forced to hit one a box on the eare. 
 The towne triumphs at this, and the boyes father meanes to sue 
 him for striking in the Church. If our Bishop have the hearing 
 of the business it wilbe a heinous matter. But 1 know your 
 grace will relieve him, if there be need. In the meane while, I 
 will do iustice upon that saucie lad, and turne him out of his 
 exhibition. 
 
 Chr. Potter. 
 Jan. 25, 1636. 
 
 1639 — 1642. Payments by Treasurer for School. 
 
 [Liber Thesaurarii A. xxvj.] 
 
 Reparationes Ecclesie. 
 
 i s. d. 
 March 23. Paid to Tho. Usher for building a 
 
 Buttresse in the Cloyster garden . . 4100 
 
 July 27. Paid the carpenters for worke done in 
 
 reparation of the roofe of the Grammar 
 
 Schoole . . . . .1181 
 
 Paid for one Fother and 42 pounds of Leade for 
 
 the covering of the Grammar Schole . . 11 13 4 
 
 And for the carriage of the Lead from Bewdly . 022 
 [Other items] . . . . .3186 
 
 Oct. 17. Paid for one Fother and 203 pounds of 
 Lead for the covering of the Grammar Schole and 
 Dormitory . . . . . o 12 4 
 
 1639. Reparationes Domorum, 
 
 Dec. 22. Paid for a necessary repaire of a part of 
 Mr. Moule's house over Dr. Laurence his wood 
 house doore ut patet per billam . . .043 
 
 K K
 
 250 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Expensse Extraordinarise. 
 
 L 
 
 Nov. 24*''. Paid then also for wainscot and raile 
 sett up in the Grammar Schoole by the appoint- 
 ment of Dr. Charlett ut patet per billam . . o 10 o 
 
 June 8. Paid for reparations of Mr. Subdean's 
 stable, which was in part laid open to make way 
 to an house of office for the Grammar Schollars ut 
 patet per billam . . . . .030 
 
 Oct. 25. Paid for the plate for the high altar . 43 o o 
 
 1642. Elemosynas distributae. 
 
 To Henry Weaver towards his maintenance in the 
 
 Universitie for this yeare . . .400 
 
 June 25. For removing the old organ from ye 
 
 west end of the church into our Lady Chappell . 015 9 
 Reparaciones Ecclesiae. 
 July 15. To A. Drew for mending ye pavement of 
 
 ye Schole . . . . .030 
 
 Reparaciones Domorum. 
 Apr. 23. For reparacion of the high Schole M'"* 
 
 house . . . . . . o 9 10 
 
 Soluciones Extraordinariae. 
 Hy. Smyth for keeping the Schollers seat . . 0110 
 
 1641, 23 June. It is ordered and decreed that the Incre- 
 ments or additional rents of corne heretofore raised uppon any 
 coppihold estate shalbe wholly taken off and none raised or 
 reserued thereon herafter for the use of the chire or otherwise, 
 And that all coppieholders on whose coppies such increase of rent 
 corne is reserved uppon surrender of their coppies (and com- 
 pounding with the Steward for holdinge of courts theretofore) 
 shall have new coppies made unto them without fine, and yet in 
 all such coppies which cannot or shall not be surrendered, the 
 said increase of rent corne shall and may be released or otherwise 
 taken ofF by the steward. 
 
 [A note, probably post-Restoration, says, " An act done in 
 fear without ye fear of God."]
 
 WORCESTER. 251 
 
 1643. Last Payments to Cathedral Grammar School 
 before the sequestration of the Chapter estates. 
 
 [Wore. Cath. Mun., A. xxviii.] 
 
 Liber Thesaurarii. 
 
 I s. d. 
 Mr. Mowle, Dec. 28, Mch. 27, July 29, Sept. 29 .500 
 Mr. Tayler, Feb. 22, Mch. 27, July 31, Sept. 29 . 2 10 o 
 
 1644, 23 Sept. The Grammar Schoolmaster presented 
 to a living held by the late master. 
 
 [Wore. Cath. Mun., A. Ixxv., f. 159.] 
 
 The Dean and Chapter nominated Thomas Tayler, M.A., to 
 the rectory and parish church of Knightwick and Doddenham, 
 now vacant by the natural death of Henry Randolph alias Mowle, 
 last incumbent there, and belonging of foil right to the presenta- 
 tion of the same Dean and Chapter ; and decreed that a 
 presentation should be made under their common seal to the 
 Ordinary of the place of the person of the said Thomas Tayler 
 for his admission and insdtution in the same rectory and parish 
 church with all and singular its rights, members and appur- 
 tenances. 
 
 Decanus et capitulum nominarunt Thomam Tayler, clericum, 
 Artium Magistrum ad rectoriam et ecclesiam parochialem de 
 Knightwicke et Doddenham per mortem naturalem Henrici 
 Randolph, alias Moule, clerici, ultimi Incumbentis ibidem iam 
 vacantem et ad presentacionem eorundem Decani et Capituli 
 pleno iure spectantem et decreuerunt presentacionem fieri 
 Ordinario loci sub sigillo eorum communi de persona dicti 
 Magistri Tayler pro eius admissione et institutione ad et in 
 eandem Rectoriam et ecclesiam parochialem de Knightwick et 
 Doddenham cum suis juribus membris et pertinenciis uniuersis et 
 singulis. 
 
 [The last entry in this Chapter Act Book is 25 Nov. 1645. 
 The next book begins in 1660.]
 
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 WORCESTER. 283 
 
 1647 — 1660- The Free School during the Civil War and 
 the Commonwealth. 
 
 1647, 8 Dec. Amendment of Free School Statutes. 
 [Six Masters' Order Book, D., f. 8 b.] 
 
 Forasmuch as the Orders of the Free Schoole and the twenty 
 foure Almeshouses in the Trinity are at present quite out of all 
 good order whereby we are like to lose the guift for not being 
 imployed according to the Booke of Orders by reason of the dis- 
 tracted time that hath beene of late, wee thought it fitt to reduce 
 it into its former right course as it should be as nere as wee can. 
 Therefore 
 
 It is ordered by Mr. Robert Stirrup now Maior and wee that 
 are the Gouerners appoynted, according to our grant and trust in 
 vs reposed, viz', Mr. Edw. El vines Ald^ John Cowcher Aid", 
 Roger Gough Ald°, Rich. Heming Alder", Hen. Foord Alderman, 
 That if the parents of such Children as do come to the Free- 
 schoole will not admonish their Children to subscribe to the 
 Orders and Ordering of themselues, that they keepe their Children 
 away and not suffer them to haue their owne wille to the great 
 disturbance of the Schoole and Neighbourhood. And whereas in 
 some Schooles they haue beene vsed at FeastifuU times viz', 
 Christide, Easter and Whitsuntide, to leaue of for some few dayes 
 before any such times, Wee the Gouernors do Order that there 
 shalbe giuen no such liberty of breaking up Schoole till five 
 dayes before Christide and a few dayes after as shall be thought 
 meete, and no play dayes but on Thursdayes after two of the 
 clocke, and on no other day without the leave of one or more of 
 the Gouernors, for wee finde it doth a great deale of hurt to the 
 SchoUers, they lose more in a playing weeke then they gett at 
 Schoole in a month, &c. 
 
 And we do further order that the Poore in the Trinity shall 
 put away all Children, and no young people shall dwell there, but 
 shall avoyd and gett them other places, and there shalbe hereafter 
 but two in one house, an olde man and a woman or two olde men 
 or two olde widdowes, and that hereafter none shall come in by 
 any favour or affection, or leaue of any of vs aboue named after
 
 284 
 
 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 the Feast of St. Michael next ensueing the date hereof, vpon 
 payne of forfeiting fortie shillings apeece to the Freeschoole and 
 poore in the Trinity. And wee do likewise order that those 
 inhabiting neere the Trinity that make vse of the Pump shalbe 
 contributers to the repaire of it, so often as it shall want repaire. 
 And for the poore, if any shalbe so willfull as not to put away 
 their Children, Cozens or friends (as they terme them) they shalbe 
 put forth themselues, and haue no Habitation there. Dated 
 this 8"" of December 1647. 
 
 Accounts, 1650. 
 f. 117 b. The Accompt of Mr. Roger Gowgh, Treasurer, 
 Taken by Mr. John Cowcher, Mr. Edward Eluines, Mr. Henrey 
 Ford, Mr. Robart Starop, of all the Rentes belonnging to the Free 
 Schooll almes howses in the trinity the 17"' day of June for the 
 yeare of our Lord God 1650. 
 
 Rentes Receved. 
 
 Receved of Richard Blurton for his yeres Rent 
 Receved of John Grenebanck for his yeres Rent 
 Receved of William Hues for his yeres rente 
 Receved of Richard Scharmon for his yeres Rent 
 Receved of Mr. Alderman Elvens for his yeres Rent 
 Receved of goodman Rough for his yeares Rent 
 Receved of goodman Holle for his yeres Rent 
 Receved of Mr. Blackwell, the Recever for the schoU 
 
 and poore .... 
 
 Receved in stock last yeare . 
 Receved in Tyle and brick . 
 
 The totall some of Rentes Receved 
 Disbursementes. 
 
 Payd for mending of the plump trinity 
 Payd for mending a walle with brick in the scholle 
 Payd for mending the glase windos in the scholle 
 Payd for repayring 5 howses in the trinity . 
 
 £ 
 
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 12 
 
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 18 
 
 4
 
 WORCESTER. 
 
 285 
 
 Payd to Mr. blackwell the resever his fee . 
 
 Pa yd to John Toy his fee . 
 
 Payd to the poore peopuU in the 24 Almes howses by 
 
 4.S. 8f/. a pece .... 
 Given to the poore in the trinity not in paye 
 Payd to the poore peopuil the first of every month 
 Payd to ould men and widdowes to all partes 
 Payd to the scholle maisters theire yeares wages 
 Payd to the boyes at the breaking vp of the scholle 
 
 declaiming .... 
 
 Payd for a shroud for wanleyes wife 
 Given to a poore blind man at the hawll 
 
 The totall some of disbursmentes 
 And there remaineth to bee receved of the goodwife 
 
 Grogory at harvest next . 
 And there remaineth to Mr. Alderman Gough 
 
 desesed, to be payd 
 
 £ 
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 Appointments of High Masters and Ushers, 1650 — 1660. 
 
 f. 118. Memorandum that Mr. Thomas Broune was placed 
 in the free schoole of St. Swithines the 25"' day of September 
 1650 high maister by the worshipfull the six maisters Mr. John 
 Cowcher, Mr. John Naish, Mr. Edward Eluines, Mr. Henrey 
 Foord, Mr. Robert Sturope, Mr. Thomas Hacket the day and 
 yeare above written. 
 
 Also it is further agreed by them that the Schoolemaisters 
 shall hav the full some of Eaightene poundes per annum to bee 
 payd quarterly, allso the scoolemaisters are to have the rentes of 
 both prich Croftes and they are to reseve the rentes of the 
 Chamberlines yerely : to which agreement wee have putt to our 
 handes. 
 
 John Cowcher. Robert Sterrop, 
 
 John Nashe. Edw. Elvines, 
 
 Memorandum that Mr. Robert Marston was Elected and 
 Chosen High Schoolmaster in the Free schoole of St.Swithinsthe
 
 286 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 24''' daye of Aprill 1654 in the Roome Mr. Thomas Browne, 
 deceased, by the Consent of Mr. John Nashe, Mr. Henry Ford, 
 Mr. Edward Ellvins, Mr. Robert Sterrop, Mr. Thomas Hackett 
 and Mr. James Taylor. 
 
 And it is further agreed by them that Schoolmasters shall haue 
 the full some of Eighteen pounds per annum to bee payd quarterlie 
 allsoe the Schoolmasters are to have the Rentes of both Pitch 
 croftes and they are to receiue of the Chamberlanes. 
 
 John Nashe. Edw. Elvines. 
 
 Henry Foord. Robert Sterrop. 
 
 Thomas Hackett. James Taylor. 
 
 f. 14 b. Memorandum that the 24"^ daie of November 1657 
 Roger Arne was elected to bee vsher in the free schoole of the Cittie 
 of Worcester in the Roome of Nicolas Cottron, deceased, and was 
 setled in his place in the said Schoole by Mr. John Nash, 
 Mr. Henry Ford, Mr. Edward Ellvins, Mr. Francis Franck and 
 Mr. James Taylor, being fiue of the governors and supervisors of 
 the Schoole. 
 
 Alsoe the same daie Mr. Marston, being high master of the 
 said Schoole, having beene for his neglect of the Schoole 
 admonished by the said Governors and Supervisors that hee must 
 leaue the Schoole at our Ladie daye next. And the sayd Super- 
 visors and Governors did then nominate and elect Nicholas 
 Ballard to succed the said Mr. Marston and to bee setled in his 
 place at our ladie daie next for the said Schoole. 
 
 Alsoe the said day Mr. Theophilus Alye was elected and 
 chosen to bee one of the sayd supervisors and gouernors of the 
 sayd Free Schoole and Almehouses by Mr. John Nashe, Mr. Henry 
 Ford, Mr. Edward Elvins, Mr. Francis Franck, and Mr. James 
 Taylor in the place of Mr. Thomas Hackett, deceased. 
 
 Jo. Nashe. Henry Foord. 
 
 Edw. Elvines. James Taylor. 
 
 Fra. Frank. 
 
 f. 118. Memorandum that vpon the twentye nynthe daie of 
 October 1658 was Elected and Chosen Highe Schoolmaster of 
 St. Swithins Schoole in Worcester in the Roome and place of 
 Mr. Nicolas Ballerd, Mr. John Nethwey by the consent of Mr. John
 
 WORCESTER. 287 
 
 Nashe, Mr. Henry Ford, Mr. Edward Ellvins, Mr. James Taylor 
 and Mr. Frauncis Franck, Mr. Theophilus Alye. 
 
 J. Nashe. James Taylor. 
 
 Edw. Elvines. Theoph. Alye. 
 
 Fra. Franck. 
 
 f. 14 b. Memorandum that vpon the 14'^ dale of December 
 1659 Mr. Thomas Whitefoot was elected high Schoolmaster 
 in the Roome of Mr. Nethwey by Mr. Franck, Mr. Nash, 
 Mr. Ellvines and Mr. Theophilus Alye. 
 
 Fra. Frank. Jo. Nashe. 
 
 Edw. Elvines. Theo. Alye. 
 
 f 125 b. Memorandum at the second dale of Januarii 1660 
 was Chosen and Elected for vnder schoolmaster in the Roome of 
 Roger Turner, Handburye Harrice. 
 
 Jo. Nashe. Fra. Frank. 
 
 Henry Foord. James Taylor. 
 
 1649 — 1660. The Cathedral Grammar School during 
 the Civil War and the Commonwealth. 
 
 Saving of all payments for Schools, Scholars and other Charities 
 charged on Deans and Chapters when abolished by Act of 
 Parliament, April 1649. 
 
 [Henry Scobell Acts and Ordinances, ii., t6.] 
 
 An Act for the abolition of Deans and Chapters passed 
 30 April 1649, cap. 24. 
 
 Provided always that all and singular the revenues, rents, issues, 
 fees, profits, sums of money, and allowances whatsoever, which 
 before the first day of December 1641, have been and then ought 
 to be paid, disposed and allowed unto and for the maintenance of any 
 Grammar School or scholars, or for or towards the reparation of 
 any high-way, caus-way, bridges, school-house, Alms-house, or 
 for any other charitable use, payable out of any the premises, or 
 which are chargeable or ought to issue out of, or to be paid for or 
 in respect of the premises or any of them shall be, and continue 
 to be paid and allowed as they were before the said first day of
 
 288 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 December 1641, anything in this present Act to the contrary in 
 any wise notwithstanding. 
 
 Provided also, that this Act, nor anything therein contained, 
 shall extend to any Colledge, Church, Corporation, Foundation 
 or House of Learning in either of the Universities within this 
 Commonwealth, nor to the Corporation of Christ Church in 
 Oxford, of Henry VIII. 's foundation, nor to any manors, lands, 
 tenements and hereditaments thereunto belonging ; Nor to the 
 Revenues of any publique Professor or Reader in either of the 
 Universities ; Nor to the Foundation of any of the Schools of 
 Westminster, Winchester or Eaton. 
 
 Parliamentary provision for Schools, etc., out of Tithes 
 belonging to civil and ecclesiastical bodies, 1649. 
 
 [Henry Scobell Acts and Ordinances^ i., 40.] 
 
 1649, Cap. 31. 
 
 An Act for providing Maintenance for Preaching Ministers 
 and other Pious Uses. Passed 8 June 1649. 
 
 Whereas it hath been found by long experience, that the 
 Government of the Church of England by Archbishops, Bishops, 
 their Chancellors and Commissaries, Deans, Deans and Chapters, 
 Archdeacons, and other their Officers depending on that Hier- 
 archy, hath been a great impediment to the perfect Reformation 
 and growth of Religion, and very prejudicial to the Civil State 
 and Government of the Commonwealth, and therefore hath been 
 by authority of Parliament abolished and taken away, and all 
 their Manors, Lands, Tenements and Hereditaments appointed 
 to be sold for the payment of the just debts of the Common- 
 wealth, and other necessary charges occasioned by the late civil 
 war, promoted mainly by and in favor of the said Hierarchy ; 
 saving and excepting all Tythes appropriate, Oblations, Obven- 
 tions, Portions of Tythes appropriate, of or belonging to the said 
 Archbishops, Bishops, Deans, Deans and Chapters, and others of 
 the said Hierarchy, and to all and every of them ; all which, 
 together with twenty thousand pounds yearly Rent belonging to 
 the late King and Crown of England, hereafter mentioned, The
 
 WORCESTER. 289 
 
 Commons assembled in Parliament have thought fit to be 
 reserved and setled for a competent maintenance of Preaching 
 Ministers in such Cities, Towns and Places where it is wanting 
 throughout England and Wales : Be it therefore enacted, and it 
 is enacted and ordained by this present Parliament, and by the 
 authority thereof, That all Tythes appropriate .... which they, 
 or any of them had, held, and enjoyed .... shall from and 
 after the first day of January, which shall be in the year 1649, be 
 vested and setled, adjudged and deemed to be, and are hereby in 
 the real and actual possession and seisin of Sir Henry Holcroft, 
 Knight, Sir John Thorowgood of Kensington, Knight ; William 
 Shw Steel, John Coke, esquires ; Francis West, Esq., Lieutenant 
 of the Tower, Henry Danvers, John Brown, George Cooper, 
 Esquires ; Mr. Richard Read, Mr. Richard Yong, William 
 Skinner, Nicholas Marten, Esquires, and Mr. John Pocoke, their 
 heirs and assignes. 
 
 Nevertheless, in trust and confidence, and to the intent and 
 purpose that they the said Sir Henry Holcroft [etc.] or any five 
 or more of them .... shall in the first place satisfie, or pay 
 yearly all such Salaries, Stipends, Allowances and provisions as 
 have been limited or appointed for preaching the Gospel, Preach- 
 ing Ministers, or Schoolmasters or others in England or Wales, 
 setled or confirmed by ordinance or order of Parliament, and 
 afterwards such provisions, Setlements, yearly allowances and 
 augmentations as have been made or confirmed by authority 
 derived from this Parliament for Preaching Ministers or School- 
 masters, for so long time and in such maner as in and by the 
 authority of Parliament is limited, ordered and appointed ; or 
 until the Parliament shall otherwise order, direct and appoint the 
 same, any Act or Acts, or Ordinance of Parliament to the 
 contrary in any wise notwithstanding : For which purposes the 
 sum of 18,000/. per annum, of the said 20,000/., shall be disposed 
 of and imployed in lieu of such Augmentation or Maintenance as 
 hath been by authority of Parliament setled or given to, or for 
 the Maintenance of them out of the Lands of the Deans and 
 Chapters, until the sum of 18,000/. per annum be raised out of 
 the Improvements of the Tythes and Impropriations belonging 
 
 p p
 
 290 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 to the said Deans and Chapters, and also that 2,000/. per annum 
 of the said 20,000/., shall be disposed, imployed and paid for 
 increase of the maintenance of the Masterships of Colledges 
 in both Universities of this nation, where maintenance is not 
 sufficient. 
 
 1649, June. Parliamentary Survey of the College and Manor of 
 
 Guesten Hall. 
 
 [Original survey in possession of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, 
 kept in the Edgar Tower, Worcester.] 
 
 f. 1 1 . Doctor John Hardinge, Schoolemaster of the free 
 Schoole there, by vertue of his place of Schoolemaster as formerly 
 all scoolemasters there have had, holdeth one mansion howse 
 scituat within the precincts of the said Colledge. 
 
 The scyte whereof containing in breadth 63 foote and in length 
 66 foote, having Humfry Wythies howse on the east, the said 
 malting howse on the west, the colledge greene on the north and 
 Mr. Chiles his Brewehouse on the south. 
 
 And the same consisteth of a little Haule, a kitchin, a parlour, 
 a Buttery or Colehowse, a washhowse, a little wood yard, another 
 little narrow yard on the west side the said haule, with a studdy 
 extending to the said Brewhouse Doore there. 
 
 Six chambers above with a Closett, or garden containing in 
 breadth 36 foote and in length 36 foote and parte of an old 
 buylding containing about 2 bayes on the west end of the said 
 garden, for wood, coale or hay. 
 
 And the same is worth per annum to be sett 4/. 
 
 f. 13. Rowland Crosby, preacher of gods word, holdeth at 
 will as yet one mansion Howse .... in such sort as he did when 
 he was one of the Petty Cannons .... having the late Dean's 
 Stables on the East, Humfry Wythie's howse on the West, his 
 owne garden on the South and the said Colledge Greene on the 
 North. And the same consisteth of a haule, a parlour wainscote, 
 a kitchin and two little Butteries, 4 chambers over them with a 
 studdy. 
 
 A little stable above scytuat betwene Mr. Wythies and 
 Doctor Harding's, wherein is roome for 2 horses. A garden
 
 Worcester. 291 
 
 containing in breadth 36 foote and in length 45 foote, all which 
 premises are worth per annum 3/. 
 
 It is much desired by the Committee here and many other 
 well affected people of the Citty and Country, that this last 
 mencioned howse may remaine for the usher of the Free Schoole. 
 
 f. 17. An old howse called the Singing Schoole, late Thomas 
 Tomkins, Organist, in the possession of Widow Hill, scytuat and 
 being within the precincts of the Colledge adioyning to the 
 garden, late Nathaniel Tomkins and now Dame Dobbyns, in the 
 East, and the Colledge Greene in the West, consisting of a haule, 
 a parlour, a celler, a chambre belowe and 2 chambres over, with 
 a little Buttery, worth per annum to be lett 30*. 
 
 Woluerly. Reprizes. 
 Whereas by the ffoundacion of the Cathedrall church of 
 Christ and the Blessed Virgin Mary of Worcester there is a Free- 
 schooie in which there are 40 Grammar Schollers destitute of 
 friends to be mainteyned out of the Revenues of the Church. In 
 liewe whereof, since their Commons were taken away, There hath 
 bine usually paid unto them (time out of mind) 53*-. 4^. a peece 
 per annum. We doe therefore reprize out of the said Manor of 
 Wooluerly the some of 20/. per annum to be paid to the said 
 Grammer Scollers belonging to the said Free schoole of the said 
 Cathedrall Church. 
 
 Inquisition and Decree of Commission of Charitable Uses for 
 payments to the Scholars and Schoolmasters of the Free 
 Grammar School, charged on the revenues of the abolished 
 Dean and Chapter of Worcester and the High School- 
 master's house on the College Green 5 March 1652, 
 12 January 1653, and 2 Feb. 1653. 
 
 [P.R.O., Petty Bag Inq., [653, Bdle. 22, No. 10.] 
 The keepers of the libertie of England by the authority of 
 Parliament to John Wylde, Chief Baron of the Publique 
 Exchequer, Sir Thomas Rows, baronet, John Corbett [and 
 others] greeting. Knowe ye, etc. [Order for Inquisition]. 
 Witnes ourselves at Westminster, 5 March 1652. 
 An Inquisition taken att the Talbott in Sidbury in the
 
 292 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 county of Worcester on 12 January 1653 before John Wylde 
 [etc.], by the oathes of Walter Thomas, gent., John Radford, 
 Richard Bourne [and others] lawful men of the county of 
 Worcester, who say that whereas the manners, lands and tene- 
 ments of the late Deane and Chapter of the Cathedrall Church of 
 Christ and the Blessed Virgin Mary of Worcester were out 
 of the whole revenues thereof charged with the mayntenaunce 
 of a free schoole, schollers and two schoolemasters in manner 
 followinge, viz., with the yearely payment of 106/. 135. ^d. unto 
 40 poore schollers of one free grammer schoole in the Citty of 
 Worcester, unto every of them 4 markes a piece yearely towardes 
 theire severall mayntenaunces at 4 times in the yeare, that is to 
 say, 13.?. 4f/. every quarter, and with the yearely rent or some of 
 30/. for the high schoolemaster and of 14/. yearely for the usher 
 or under schoolemaster of the said schoole ; and whereas also the 
 trustees for sale of the said Deanes and Chapters lands togeather 
 with the committee of Parliament for the removinge of obstruccions 
 in the sale of Deane and Chapters lands, for the preservacion and 
 continuance of the said charitable use, accordinge unto a provisoe 
 in the Acte of the Commons of England in Parliament assembled, 
 for the abolishinge of deanes, deanes and chapters, etc., made and 
 enacted, have by way of reprizes and allowances made to the 
 severall purchasers thereof charged the severall manors hereafter 
 mencioned with the severall yearely sommes herein expressed 
 towards the rayseinge of the said yearely somme of 106/. 136'. ^d. 
 for the charitable use aforesaid, that is to say, out of manor of 
 Woluerley yearely somme of 20/. [etc.], etc., the said severall 
 sommes out of the said severall mannors to be for ever hereafter 
 chargeable and to be charged upon the said severall manors to the 
 charitable use aforesaid as by diverse certificates, orders and 
 surveys, and alsoe by the present payment of the said severall 
 sommes of money by the severall purchasers of the said mannors 
 and other evidence it hath amply and fully bine made to appeare 
 unto the said Jury. And that alsoe it playnely appeareth unto 
 them that there is reprized out of the manner of Cropthorne in 
 the county of Worcester the somme of 10/. yearely, and out of 
 the farme of Cropthorne the somme of 4/. yearely to be paid for
 
 WORCESTER. 293 
 
 ever towardes the high schoolemaster and usher of the Grammer 
 Schoole at the colledge of Worcester aforesaid by the purchasers of 
 the said mannor and farme, beinge parcell of the landes of the 
 said late deane and chapter of Worcester, and sould by the said 
 trustees for the sale thereof as aforesaid. And therefore the said 
 Jury further present that the said somme of 14/. ought to be for 
 ever hereafter chargeable and charged upon the said mannor and 
 farme of Cropthorne to and for the charitable use of the maynten- 
 ance of the said high Schoolemaster and Usher of the Schoole 
 aforesaid. And yet the Jury doe finde and present that the said 
 severall sommes of money charged upon the said severall mannors 
 cannot for the future be imployed unto the said charitable uses for 
 want of certeyne and sufficient persons that should have bine 
 appointed and authorized to demand and receive the said sommes 
 of money, and to elect and nominate the severall poore Schollers 
 and schoolemasters that are to have and receive the said severall 
 allowances, and therefore (to supply that defect) the said Jury doe 
 desier that the said Commissioners will sett downe further orders, 
 judgments and decrees as the said severall sommes maye be duly 
 and faithfully imployed to and for such of the charitable uses and 
 intents before expressed respectively, for which they have bine 
 limitted and appointed as aforesaid, and for that there is not any 
 provision or allowance yet made or provided for the said high 
 schoolmaster and usher, the jury doe humbly conceive and thinke 
 itt reasonable (for that the schollers cannot be taught without 
 these schoolemasters) that untill further provision and mayntenance 
 shalbe had and made for them, that the number of the said 
 schollers may be reduced unto 30, or that the allowance of the 
 4 markes a pece for the whole number of 40 schollers may be 
 reduced to 40.?. a peece, and the high schoolemaster to have the 
 said 40 markes, which shalbe either of those wayes deducted (as 
 unto the Commissioners shall seeme most meete and convenient) 
 which alsoe the said Jury doe humbly pray that it may be 
 by them ordered and decreed accordingly. And the said Jury 
 doe further present that the surveyors of the sale of the lands of 
 the deane and chapter of Worcester have by way of reprize 
 appointed and limitted the fee farme rent of the mannor of
 
 2^4 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Netherton in the county of Worcester, beinge 20/. by the yeare, 
 togeather with 48 busshells of wheat and 48 bushells of barley to be 
 for ever for and towards the mayntenance of the schoolemasters of 
 the Free Grammer Schoole in the colledge of Worcester, and 
 that the same beinge unsould at the time of passinge the acte 
 intituled an Acte for the sale of Mannors of Rectories and Gleebe 
 lands late belonging unto Archbisshopps, etc., is by the said acte 
 transferred upon the rents, issues and profitts of Appropriacions of 
 the appropriate donatives, porcions of tythes and other particulars 
 by an Acte intituled An Acte for providinge mayntenaunce for 
 preachinge ministers and other pious uses, or by an other Acte 
 intituled An additionall Acte for providinge mayntenaunce for 
 ministers and other pious uses, or either of them, setled and vested 
 in the trustees therein named, and they doe present as they 
 humbly conceave that the said fee farm rent and corne reprized 
 ought to be paid unto and for the mayntenaunce of the schoole- 
 masters aforesaid by the said trustees in the said last Acte men- 
 cioned according to the direction of the Acte first mentioned. 
 
 And the said Jury doe fiirther present that the house neere 
 unto the colledge Greene, nowe in the occupacion of John Wall, 
 clerke, for all the time whereof the memory of man is not unto the 
 contrary, as it hath bine made to appeare unto the said Jury by 
 the survey and particular, whereby Colonell John Barker did 
 purchase the same, and alsoe by their evidences nowe produced 
 unto us, hath bine appointed and setled for an habitacion for the 
 high Schoolemaster of the Grammer Schoole in the Colledge 
 greene neere the citty of Worcester. And that the High schoole- 
 masters of the said schoole for the time beinge have for all the 
 time aforesaid successively enioyed the same as belonginge unto 
 the said high schoolemaster until Colonell Barker hath obteyned 
 the same from the said Schoolemasters, and that the said Mr. Wall, 
 nowe tenant unto the said Colonell Barker, hath payed i^ years' 
 rent, beinge 6/. unto the said Colonell Barker. 
 
 Orders and Decrees made at the Talbott in Sidbury in the 
 county of Worcester 2 Feb. 1653. By John Wylde, etc. 
 
 Forasmuch us it playnely appeareth that there is reprized out
 
 WORCESTER. 
 
 295 
 
 of the mannor of Cropthorne in co. Worcester the somnie of 10/. 
 yearely to bee paid for and towards the high schoolemaster and 
 usher of the Grammer Schoole at the CoUedge of Worcester, and 
 said by the purchasers of the said mannor being parte of the lands 
 of the late deane and chapter of Worcester, and sould by the said 
 trustees for sale thereof as aforesaid. And therefore the said 
 Jurie further present that the said summe of 10/. ought to bee for 
 ever hereafter chargeable and to bee charged upon the said mannor 
 of Cropthorne to and for the charitable use of the mayntenance of 
 the said high Schoolemaster and usher of the schoole aforesaid 
 And yet the Jurie doe finde that the severall summes of money 
 charged upon the severall mannors cannot for the future bee 
 imployed unto the said charitable uses for want of certeyne and 
 sufficient persons that should [MS. illegible] appointed and 
 authorized to demand and receive the said summes of money, and 
 to elect and nominate the severall poore schollers and schoole- 
 masters that are to have and receive the said severall allowances. 
 And therefore to supply that defect the said Jurie doe desire 
 that the Commissioner will sett downe such orders, ludgements 
 and decrees as the said several sommes may bee duly and faith- 
 fully imployed to and for such of the charitable uses and intents 
 before expressed respectively for which they have bine lymitted 
 and appointed as aforesaid. And for that there is not only 
 [MS. illegible] or allowance yet made or provided for the 
 said high schoolemaster and usher, the said Jurie doe humbly 
 conceave and thinke it reasonable (for that the schollers cannot 
 be taught without those schoolemasters) That untill further 
 provision and maintenance shall bee had and made for them, That 
 the number of the said schollers may bee reduced unto 30 [etc., as 
 in the Inquisition mentioned]. 
 
 We [etc.] the Commissioners do Order and Decree (concern- 
 ing the payment of the 40 poore Schollers and Schoolmasters of 
 Worcester) that the severall mannors, lands and tenements, soe 
 found by the Inquisition to be charged with the severall sums of 
 money for the use of the 40 poore schollers shall soe contlnewe 
 charged and chargeable from henceforth for ever with the yearly 
 payment of the said severall sums respectively charged and
 
 296 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 chargeable upon the said severall manors, etc., towards the 
 maintenance of the said Schoolemaster, vsher and 40 poore 
 Schollers and be paid half yearly. [No Scholler to be appointed 
 until 9 years of age.] And concerning the Schoolmaster and 
 Usher it is ordered and decreed that Thomas Barfoote, Master of 
 Arts, shall bee and soe is declared to bee the high Schoolemaster 
 soe long as he shall well behave and demeane himself, and it 
 is ordered that Richard Hoare shall be and soe is the Usher or 
 Undermaster soe long as he shall well behave and demean himself 
 and that the house near the Colleage Green shall be for the use of 
 the High Schoolmaster. 
 
 Orders of the Trustees (created 22 Feb. 1649-50) for the 
 maintenance of Ministers for Masters and Scholars of Wor- 
 cester School, 1654 — 7. 
 
 [Lambeth MS. 969, p. 219.] 
 
 21 July 1654. Worcester Schoole, 1654. 
 
 Whereas the yearely stipend of 15/. was heretofore payable by 
 the Deane and Chapter of Worcester to the head Schoolemaster 
 of the Free Schoole of Worcester togeather with a diet allowance 
 in the Colledge of Worcester in lieu whereof he hath received 5/. 
 a yeare And whereas there hath bin a further yearely allowance 
 due unto the said Schoolemaster from the said Deane and Chapter 
 in wheate and barley amounting to 10/. a yeare which said 
 severall summes in all doe amount unto 30/. a yeare It is 
 therefore ordered that the yearely summe of 30/. be from 
 henceforth paid unto Mr. Thomas Barefoote, present Schoole- 
 master of the said Schoole, and his successors, to be accounted 
 from the 25 day of March last. 
 
 John Thoroughgood [etc.]. 
 
 1654, July 21. In pursuance of an order of the said 
 Trustees of the 2 1 Instant It is ordered that the yearely pencion 
 of 30/. a yeare setled upon Mr. Thomas Barefoote, present 
 Schoolemaster of the Freeschoole of Worcester, and his successors, 
 be fixed upon the appropriate Tithes of Cleeve Prior, in the
 
 WORCESTER. 297 
 
 County of Worcester ; and that Captaine John Sllverwood, 
 Receiver, doe from time to time pay the said 30/. a yeare unto the 
 said Mr. Barefoote, togeather with all arreares of the said stipend 
 of 30/. a yeare by the said order graunted and incurred since the 
 25**" day of March last, which said arreares the said Captaine 
 Silverwood is to pay out of the arreares of rent due to the said 
 Trustees out of the Rectory of Cleeve Prior or any other the 
 Revenue within the said County. 
 
 J. T. [etc.]. 
 [Lambeth MS. 967, p. 13.] 
 
 22 Nov. 1655. Worcester Schoole. 
 
 Whereas the yearely stipend of fifteene poundes was hereto- 
 fore payable by the Deane and Chapter of Worcester to the head 
 Schoolemaster of the Free Schoole of Worcester togeather with a 
 diett allowance in the Colledg of Worcester, in lieu whereof he 
 hath received five pounde a yeare And whereas there hath bin a 
 further yearely allowance due unto the said Schoolem' from the 
 said Deane and Chapter in wheate and barley amounting to tenne 
 poundes a yeare, which said severall summes in all doe amount 
 unto thirty poundes a year It is therefore ordered that the said 
 yearely summe of thirty poundes be from time to time paid unto 
 Mr. Tho. Barefoote, present Schoolem"' of the said schoole, out of 
 the rents and profits of the tithe corne of Cleve Pryor in the 
 County of Worcester to be reckoned from the 25* of March last 
 and to be from time to time continued and paid unto the said 
 Mr. Barefoote for such time as he shall discharge the duty of 
 Schoolem"' there or untill further order of the said Trustees. And 
 Cap' Tho. Sherwood is to pay the same accordingly. 
 
 Jo. Thorowgood, Edw. Cressett, Jo. Pocock, 
 R. Sydenham, Jo. Humfrey. 
 
 [Ibid. 993, p. 297.] 
 24 July 1657. Worcester Schollers. 
 
 Whereas the yearely summe of 13/. 6s. ^d. is yet wanting for 
 the making good of 4 markes a peace to 40 poore Schollers in the 
 free Schoole at Worcester under the maintenance and provision of 
 the late Deane and Chapter of Worcester, the summe of
 
 298 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 61. 13.S. ^d. charged by the Surveyor for sale of Deane and 
 Chapter lands upon the Mannor of Humbleton and 6/. 13.?. ^d. 
 upon the Mannor of Blackwell in the County of Worcester, being 
 noe way secured upon the sale of the said Mannor, which charge 
 is therefore devolved upon these Trustees It is therefore 
 ordered that the said yearely summe of 13/. 6.s. 8f/. be paid for 
 and towards the maintenance of the said poore schollers unto Mr. 
 Francis Walker, Treasurer appointed of the Revenue of the said 
 Schoole by the Governors thereof, they giving security to answere 
 the same to the use aforesaid and that Cap* John Silverwood, 
 Receiver, doe pay the same accordingly out of the rents and 
 profitts hereafter mencioned, viz' the yearely summe of 1 2/. out 
 of the tithes of Hollow and the further yearely summe of 
 i/. 6s. %d. out of the tithes of Grimley, both in the County of 
 Worcester, to be accompted from the 24**^ day of June last past. 
 And Cap' John Silverwood is hereby appointed and authorized to 
 pay the same accordingly. 
 
 J. T. [etc.]. 
 16 Oct. 1657. Worcester Schollers. 
 
 [Lambeth MS. 980, p. ^■^.'] 
 Ordered that Francis Walker bee admitted Attorney in 
 behalf of the poore Schollers of Worcester Schoole for the receipt 
 of the yerely summe of 13/. 6s. 8d. ordered the 24*'' July 1657 to 
 bee paid unto them. 
 
 John Thorowgood [etc.]. 
 
 1661. The Treasurer pays the Schoolmaster and Usher 
 of Cathedral Grammar School at the old rate. 
 
 [Treasurer's Book A., xxix., f. c] 
 Liber Thesaurarii. 
 John Toy, Schoolmaster. Stephen Richardson, Usher. 
 
 The Schoolmaster's House, 1661. 
 
 [Cath. Mun. A., Ixxvi.] 
 Acta Capituli 1661, 26 Oct. 
 That Mr. Treasurer shall pay M'' Toy 35.?. towarde the 
 repaires of his house.
 
 WORCESTER. 299 
 
 1662, 23 June. An Usher appointed. 
 
 [Wore. Cath. Mun. A., Ixxvii.] 
 
 1 6. A Patent of Under Scholemaster's place to John Wright, 
 Master of Arts. 
 
 1663, Epitaph in the Cathedral on John Toy, Master 
 of the Free School and Cathedral Grammar School. 
 
 Mr. John Toy, MA., for 20 years famous Master first of the 
 Free School of this city, in which he was born, and afterwards of 
 the King's School. Possessed of every virtue he increased the 
 choir of heaven too soon on 28 Dec. 1663, aged 54. 
 
 On another [gravestone] close to the West Wall [of the 
 South Transept]. Thomas' Survey, p. 85. 
 
 Mr. Johannes Toius 
 
 In artibus Magister, et 
 
 Scholae primum Liberae, in 
 
 hac Civitate (ubi et natus 
 
 erat) deinde etiam Regiae, per 
 
 viginti annos Moderator 
 
 Celebris. 
 
 Vir ingenii perpoliti, industriae 
 
 indefessae, eruditionis singularis, 
 
 eximiae morum suavitatis, vitae 
 
 integer, pubis instituendae scient- 
 
 issimus, Pietate, Fide, Modestia, 
 
 gravitate, nullaque non virtute 
 
 spectabilis, caelestium praemat- 
 
 ure nimis auxit Chorum, 28° 
 
 Decembris, anno Domini 1663. 
 
 iEtatis suae 54. 
 
 1664, 1 1 May. Application for Headmastership. 
 
 [Cath. Mun. B., 86.] 
 Reverend Sir, 
 
 Upon late information that the Collegiat Schoole of 
 Worcester is voyd of a Mr, It was my desire to undertake that
 
 300 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 charge, and to that end I have spoken to Mr. Deane Warmstie, 
 and some of the brethren in London. It is a province which I 
 was formerly versed in, being commended by St. John's College 
 in Oxon to Archbisshop Laud, who settled me at Reading, but 
 was forced away by the incivility of that towne, with whose 
 faction I could not comply. Neither would I resume it after- 
 wards knowing how much leaven of malice was in that people. 
 My present request to you is that you would be pleased to give 
 me your concurrent vote, which you may remit by proxy to Dr. 
 Crowther or Dr. Reynolds. And I shall rest, besides my 
 affection to serve the church, 
 
 Your obliged friend to love and serve you, 
 
 W. Page. 
 London, May ii, 1664. 
 
 Sir, I pray direct your answer to Dr. Page, Dr. of Physick, to 
 be left at Mr. Goads Schoole, Mr. of Marchantaylors Schoole in 
 Suffolk lane. 
 
 Addressed to The Reverend Dr. 
 
 Barnabas Oley, 
 
 Rector of Grunsden. 
 
 1666. Provisions affecting the School in the Statutes of 
 Worcester Cathedral corrected, explained and confirmed 
 by Charles II. 
 
 Chapter 26, of the Choristers and their Master or the 
 Organist, repeats chapter 25 of the Statutes of Henry VIII. 
 except that it gives him the title of Organist and provides that if 
 any of the Minor Canons or lay-clerks, would be a better 
 teacher of the choristers than the Organist, he may be appointed. 
 
 Chapter 27, of the grammar boys and their Teachers, is 
 generally in the same terms as the corresponding chapter 26 of 
 the Statutes of Henry VIII., but with the following differences, 
 which are said to be according to the present practice of the 
 Church. 
 
 1. The "poor boys" are not required also to be "destitute 
 of the help of friends." 
 
 2. The admission of the Scholars instead of being by the
 
 WORCESTER. 3OI 
 
 judgment of Dean and Headmaster is to be by the judgment of 
 Dean and Canons after consulting the Headmaster. 
 
 3. Expulsion is to be by Dean and Canons instead of Dean 
 alone. 
 
 4. To the Headmaster's qualifications is added that of being 
 M.A. or LL.B. Instead of being required to teach freely (gratis) 
 the scholars and all coming to the school, he is to teach the 
 scholars and choristers gratis, receiving for others as he may 
 arrange with their friends. 
 
 5. To the Second Master's qualifications is added that of 
 being at least B.A. 
 
 6. At the end of the clause as to the removal of the Masters 
 for idleness or inefficiency is added a clause as to teaching the 
 Scholars the Church Catechism and the responses in the Liturgy 
 by heart, and taking them to church on Sundays and appointing 
 prefects of chapel and school to look after them. 
 
 In chapter 30, of Liveries ; the minor canons, clerks and 
 other ministers and Grammar boys are omitted from the Statute 
 as to provision of liveries, which are to be for 2 Vergers, 
 2 Sextons, 2 Doorkeepers, 10 Choristers and 10 Poor only. 
 
 In chapter 31, of the stipends of the ministers, an entirely 
 different scale of payments to that in the corresponding statute of 
 Henry VIII. is laid down. While the Master, Usher and 
 Grammar Boys are to be paid at the rate actually paid from the 
 first Treasurer's account downwards, the Choristers' Master and 
 the Choristers are increased from 10/. to 20/. and from 2/. 13*. ^d. 
 to 4/. each respectively. 
 
 Chapter 32, of the celebration of Divine Service, is wholly 
 different from the corresponding chapter of Henry VIII. 's 
 Statutes. The chief changes are the addition of the day of the 
 martyrdom (martyrii) of Charles I. and the Birthday and 
 Restoration of Charles II. to Principal Feasts, and the omission 
 of the Mass and the Obit for Henry VIII. 
 
 Cap. 26. 
 De Choristis et eorum Magistro seu Organista. 
 . . . Et hie vocabitur Organista. Quia tamen quandoque evenire
 
 302 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 potest ut e minoribus Canonicis, vel Clericis, aliquis magis idoneus 
 sit et peritior ad instituendos Choristas, quam Organista, 
 aliquando Organista, quam minores Canonici aut Clerici, volumus 
 ut Decanus et Capitulum, aut Eo absente Vice-Decanus et 
 Capitulum, potestatem habeant, vel unum e minoribus Canonicis, 
 vel etiam unum e Clericis pro merito suo et ut magis idoneus 
 erit, ad hoc munus eligendi. 
 
 Cap. 27. 
 
 De pueris Grammaticis et eorum Informatoribus. 
 
 Ut pietas et bonae literae perpetuo in Ecclesia nostra sup- 
 puUulescant, crescant, floreant et suo tempore in gloriam Dei et 
 Regni nostri commodum et ornamentum fructificent, statuimus et 
 ordinamus, ut ad Electionem Decani et Canonicorum, secundum 
 praesentem Ecclesiae praxin, sint perpetuo in Ecclesia nostra 
 Wigorniensi, quadraginta pueri pauperes in Ecclesia eadem, quo 
 modo infra dicetur, sustentandi, ingeniis (quoad fieri potest) ad 
 discenduni natis et aptis. Quos tamen admitti nolumus in pauperes 
 pueros Ecclesiae nostrae, antequam noverint legere, scribere et 
 mediocriter calluerint prima Grammaticae rudimenta, idque Judicio 
 Decani et Canonicorum, consulto Archididascalo. Atque hos 
 pueros volumus in Ecclesia nostra manere, donee mediocrem 
 Latinae linguae notitiam adepti flierint, et Latine loqui et scribere 
 didicerint ; cui rei dabitur quatuor annorum spatium, aut si ita 
 Decano et Canonicis cum Archididascalo visum fuerit, ad summum 
 quinque et non amplius. Volumus praeterea, ut nullus, nisi 
 Ecclesiae Wigorniensis Chorista fuerit, in pauperem discipulum 
 Ecclesiae nostrae eligatur, qui nonum aetatis suae annum non 
 compleverit, vel qui quintum decimum aetatis suae annum 
 excesserit. Quod si quis puer insigni tarditate vel hebetudine 
 notabilis sit, aut natura a literis abhorrenti, hunc post sufficientem 
 probationem volumus per Decanum et Canonicos amoveri, ne 
 veluti fucus apium mella devoret. Atque hie conscientiam 
 Informatorum oneramus, ut quantam maximam potuerint operam 
 et diligentiam adhibeant, quo pueri omnes in literis progrediantur, 
 et proficiant et ne quem puerum tarditatis vitio insigniter notatum, 
 inter caeteros diutius inutiliter haerere sinant, quin illius nomen
 
 WORCESTER. 3O3 
 
 statim Decano et Canonicis deferant, ut eo amoto ad illius locum 
 aptior per Decanum ct Caiionicos eligatur. 
 
 Statuimus etiam ut per Decanum et Capitulum, aut eo absente 
 Vice-Decanum et Capitulum, unus eligatur, latine et Graece bene 
 doctus, bonae famae et piae vitae docendi facultate imbutus, et 
 Artium Magister vel Legum Baccalaureus ; qui Quadraginta illos 
 Ecclesiae nostrae pueros cum Choristis gratis, alios autem ad 
 Scholam nostram confluentes, prout cum amicis convenerit, reci- 
 piendo, pietate excolat et bonis Uteris exornet. Hie in Schola nostra 
 primas obtineat et Archididascalus, seu praecipuus Informator 
 esto. Rursum per Decanum et Capitulum, volumus alterum 
 eligi bonae famae et piae vitae, Latine satis doctum et docendi 
 facultate imbutum, qui sub Archididascalo pueros docebit, prima 
 scilicet Grammaticae rudimenta ; et proinde Hypodidascalus, sive 
 Secundarius Informator appellabitur, et ad minimum Artium 
 Bacchalaureus esto. Hi vero Informatores in docendis Uteris 
 regulas et ordinem quem Decanus et Capitulum, aut eo absente 
 Vice-Decanus et Capitulum, praescribendum duxerint, diligenter 
 et fideliter observent. Quod si desidiosi aut negligentes, aut 
 minus ad docendum apti inveniantur, post trinam admonitionem a 
 Decano et Capitulo amoveantur. Informatores curent ad exco- 
 lendam pietatem, pueros Catechismum Ecclesiae Anglicanae una 
 cum responsis Liturgiae accurate discere, et memoriter reddere, et 
 intelligere pro captu suo, vitae eorum ordinandi gratia et ut sic 
 informati ducantur ad episcopum ut confirmentur. Praeterea 
 omnes discipulos suos, quibusvis diebus Dominicis et festi&tam ad 
 vespertinas preces quam ad matutinas, profestis vero ad matutinas, 
 hora sexta in aestate, et hora septima in hyeme dicendas, ad 
 Ecclesiam secum ducant Informatores, curentque ut ibi reverenter 
 se gerant. Hoc ut melius praestetur, monitores varlos e gravi- 
 oribus discipulis constituant Informatores, qui reliquorum puer- 
 orum mores ubique inspiciant, ac notent tarn in Templo et in 
 Schola, quam alibi, ne quid uspiam indecori aut sordidi perpetretur. 
 Si quis monitorum deliquerit, aut in officio negligenter se gesserit, 
 asperius in aliorum exemplum castigetur. Omnia autem ad 
 Officium suum spectantia Informatores se fideliter praestituturos 
 juramento promittent.
 
 304 
 
 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Cap. 31. 
 De Stipendiis Ministrorum in Ecclesia nostra. 
 Statuimus et volumus ut ex bonis communibus Ecclesiae 
 nostrae (praeter commoda per granum, Cap. 16, et vestes 
 liberatas inferioribus minlstris superius assignatas) solventur 
 stipendia omnibus ministris Ecclesiae nostrae per manus Thesau- 
 rarii singulis anni terminis per aequales portiones ad hunc qui 
 sequitur modum. Per Annum. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 16 00 00 
 20 00 00 
 10 00 00 
 20 00 00 
 16 00 00 
 
 04 00 00 
 02 13 04 
 
 05 00 00 
 
 04 00 00 
 
 06 00 00 
 
 05 00 00 
 05 00 00 
 
 04 00 00 
 02 13 04 
 10 00 00 
 
 05 00 00 
 10 00 00 
 02 00 00 
 02 00 00 
 
 Volumus autem Pincernarum, Obsonatoris et Coquorum 
 nomina et munera penitus extingui. Permittimus tantum iis, 
 quibus jam ilia munera et stipendia decernuntur, et sigillo hujus 
 Ecclesiae publico confirmantur, iisdem durante vita sua naturali 
 fruendi facultatem ; et cum aliquod horum munerum, scilicet 
 Pincernarum, Obsonatoris vel Coquorum, extingui contigerit, 
 volumus Virgiferorum stipendia augeri, et singulis Virgiferis 
 summam duarum librarum praeter praedicta stipendia solvi 
 quovis anno. 
 
 Singulis minoribus Canonicis pro portione sua 
 
 Superiori Informatori in Grammatica 
 
 Inferiori Informatori in Grammatica 
 
 Organistae seu Magistro Choristarum 
 
 Singulis Ckricis Laicis 
 
 Cuilibet Choristae 
 
 Cuilibet puero Grammatico . 
 
 Cuilibet decern pauperum . 
 
 Cuilibet Virgiferorum 
 
 Cuilibet Subsacristarum 
 
 Janitori sub turri Regia 
 
 Janitori ad Sabrinam fluvium 
 
 Clerico Capituli 
 
 Seneschallo, seu Clerico terrarum 
 
 Vice Decano 
 
 Receptori . 
 
 Thesaurario 
 
 Praecentori 
 
 Sacristae
 
 WORCESTER. 3O5 
 
 Cap. 32. 
 De Celebratione Divinorum. 
 Ut in Ecclesia nostra (quod ante omnia volumus) pie, 
 decenter et ex ordine preces et orationes fiant, singulisque diebus 
 Laus Dei cantu, Organis et jubilatione celebretur, statuimus et 
 ordinamus ut minores Canonici et Clerici una cum magistro 
 Choristarum et Choristis, divina officia in Choro templi nostri 
 quotidie mane et vesperi peragant, juxta receptum morem et 
 ritum istius et aliarum Ecclesiarum Cathedralium : nee quisquam 
 interim discurrendo, confabulando, vel alio quovismodo irreve- 
 renter se gerere praesumat. Ad officia autem noctu decantanda 
 eos obligari nolumus. Porro volumus ut omnibus festis princi- 
 palibus quotannis, videlicet diebus Natalis Domini, Paschae et 
 Pentecostes, et etiam die Martyrii patrls nostri beatae memoriae 
 Caroli Regis ejus nomlnis primi, die Natalis, et reditus nostri, die 
 Inaugurationis Successorum nostrorum et quinto Novembris, 
 Decanus, si domi sit, aut eo absente Vice-Decanus, vel utrisque 
 absentibus senior Canonicus praesens, festis vero Circumcisionis, 
 Epiphaniae et Ascensionis Domini, item Purificationis et Annun- 
 ciationis Beatae Virginis, ut et Omnium Sanctorum, Canonici 
 praesentes suo ordine preces Divinas quae ad Sacram Mensam 
 dicendae sunt, et Sacram Synaxim, si quae fuerit illis diebus 
 habenda, in Ecclesia nostra publice celebrent, sub poena quadra- 
 ginta solidorum, toties quoties non impediti recusaverint. 
 Volumus praeterea, imo in Domino praecipimus, ut per Decanum 
 et Capitulum talis ratio ineatur, ut quam saepissime tam Decanus 
 et Canonici quam omnes alii hujus Ecclesiae Ministri Officiarii et 
 Stipendarii cujuscunque nominis, Mensae Dominicae in Ecclesia 
 nostra Cathedrali fiant participes. Statuimus etiam ut nullus 
 Canonicorum, aut aliorum in Choro ministrantium, Divinorum 
 Officiorum tempore, absque insignibus Choro et gradui conveni- 
 entibus, Chorum ingrediatur. Qui autem Chorum ingreditur, 
 non sic indutus, pro absente reputetur. Volumus praeterea ut 
 uterque Informator grammaticae diebus festis et eorundem 
 Vigiliis Choro intersit, insignibus gradui et Choro convenientibus 
 indutus, quorum alter supra minores Canonicos in dextra parte 
 Chori, et alter supra minores Canonicos in sinistra parte Chori, 
 
 R R
 
 3o6 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 proximum in Choro locum obtineat. Ad haec pueros Gram- 
 maticos Ecclesiae nostrae festis diebus eorumque vigiliis, volumus 
 in habitu competente Choro interesse, et officium sibi mandatum 
 a Praecentore sedulo facere (nisi alias per Archididascalum 
 amandentur), pueri vero absentes et irreverenter se gerentes per 
 Informatores castigentur ; singulis praeterea diebus profestis in 
 aestate hora sexta, et in hyeme hora septima, preces matutinae in 
 aliquo Ecclesiae Sacello, vel alio loco ejusdem per Decanum 
 assignato, ab uno minorum Canonicorum suo ordine sine cantu 
 juxta morem Ecclesiae Anglicanae summarie et cum unica tantum 
 lectione, eaque Evangelica, recitentur. 
 
 1663 — 8. Appointments and payments for the Cathedral 
 
 Grammar School. 
 
 1664, 22 Nov. 
 
 Quibus die et locis dicti Decanus et Capitulum nominaverunt 
 et elegerunt Thomam Stephens Artium Magistrum in Archididas- 
 calum liberae scholae grammaticalis in hac ecclesia fundata et 
 Thomam Greaves, clericum, in hypodidascalum eiusdem scholae 
 et decreverunt litteras p3.tentes exinde eis respective sigillari. 
 
 [Treasurer's Book A., xxiv.] 
 
 1663, Feb. 7. For glazing the Schoole windowes 
 24. For pointing the ,, „ 
 
 1665, Mr. Stevens. Informatores gramaticae 
 Mr. Greaves, ,, ,, 
 
 Jan. 1 1 . Paid for a key for the Schoole doore 
 Dec. 4. Paid to Mr. Stephens for repairs 
 
 1666, March 2. Paid for work done in the School 
 
 1667, Jan. 15. For glazing the schoole 
 
 1666, 7 Oct. It is further ordered that the Office or Place 
 of keeping the Library shall cease, and that noe salary, stipend or 
 pencion be henceforth allowed for same. 
 
 1667, 25 Nov. 24. That the Renunciation of Mr. Thomas 
 Stephens, the High Schoolmaster of the Grammar Schoole, be 
 recorded in the Lieger Booke, 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 1 1 
 
 18 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 

 
 WORCESTER. 307 
 
 32. That a patent for the Chiefe Schoolemaster's Place be 
 made and granted to Mr. John Wright, Clearke and Master of 
 Arts, upon the Resignation of Mr. Thomas Stephens the late 
 master there. 
 
 23- And that a Patent for the Under Schoolmaster's Place be 
 made and granted to Mr. John Buller, Bachelor of Arts, Upon 
 the death of Mr. Tho. Greaves, the late Usher there. 
 
 1669, 23 June. 6. That a presentacion of Mr. John Wright, 
 Clearke and Master of Arts, to the Rectory of Bredicott, now- 
 void by the death of Mr. Richard Smith, clearke, be made and 
 sealed for the sayd Mr. Wright. 
 
 1670, 23 June. I. A Presentation of Mr. John Baker, 
 Gierke and Master of Arts, to the Vicarage of Quynton. 
 
 4. That Mr. John Watson, M"" of Arts, have a Patent for the 
 Under Schoolmaster's Place. 
 
 25 Nov. That 50.?. be given by the Dean and Chapter to 
 John Hopkins, a Servitor in All Soules Colledge in Oxford. 
 
 Treasurer's Account, 1668. 
 
 [A., xxiv.] 
 
 Archididascalo. Mr. Wright .... 20/. 
 
 Hypodidascalo. Mr. Baker .... 10/. 
 
 1668. Inquisition of Charitable Uses to establish the 
 Meeke Exhibitions from the Free, or Cathedral, Grammar 
 School to Magdalen Hall, now Hertford College, Oxford. 
 
 [Public Record Office. Petty Bag, Inquisitions of Charitable Uses, 
 20 Charles II., Belle. 30, No. 17.] 
 
 Inquisition indented taken at the Court house of the parish of 
 St. Clements' Danes without Temple Barre in co. Middlesex 
 on Saturday the 9th day of January in the 20th year of the reign 
 of King Charles the Second and the year of our Lord 1668 before 
 John Walker, John Broughton [and others]. Commissioners, upon 
 the oathes of William Brimfield, William Folly [and others], good 
 and lawful men of the said county Whoe being duly returned and 
 sworne doe present and finde That John Meeke, clerke, late of
 
 30S EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 Poplar in the parish of Stepney in the said countie of Middlesex, 
 deceased, being in his life tyme seized in his demeasne as of fee of 
 and in severall messuages, lands and tenements scittuate lyinge 
 and being in East Smythfeild and St. Katherines, both in the 
 parish of Algate in the said county, now or late in the severall 
 tenures or occupacions of Richard Sturges and John Curtis, theire 
 tenants or undertenants, and being soe of the said messuages, 
 lands and other the premises aforesaid seized, did in the moneth 
 of November 1665 make his last will and testament in writting 
 written with his owne hand, conteyneing 2 sheets of paper, which 
 he published and declared to be his last will in the presence of 
 diverse credible witnesses. By which said will he did give and 
 devise 100/. per annum for ever to 10 poore schoUars to be chosen 
 out of the free grammar schoole ot Worcester, and to be placed 
 and educated in Magdalene Hall in the University of Oxon 
 whereof he had been a member, to each of them 10/. per annum, 
 the same to be enioyed of them for the space of 7 yeares after 
 such theire coming to the said Hall And that after such tyme of 
 7 yeares then other schollars to make upp the said number of 10 
 to be chosen in theire places from the said free schoole, soe that 
 the said number should bee continued and observed for ever, and 
 that what his said lands and tenements, of which he should 
 dye seized should fall short of the said somme of 100/. per annum 
 the same should be supplyed and made good out of his personall 
 estate that should come to the hands of his executors. And that 
 iff at any time here after the said messuages [etc.] should increase 
 and be of a greater yearely value then they were at the tyme of 
 the makeing of the said will that then soe many more schollars 
 should be elected out of the said schoole into the said Hall 
 haveing the same proporcion and allowance of 10/. per annum a 
 peece as the profitts of the said premisses would amount to, soe 
 that the whole profitts of the said lands and other the premisses 
 might be ymployed and bestowed to the benefitt and advantage 
 of such poore schollars according to the true intent and meaning 
 of his said will. He desired a brasse plate to be made with 
 Resurgam on it and sent to Magdalene Hall to be set up in 
 memory of him as a Benefactor.
 
 WORCESTER. 3O9 
 
 And the Jurors say that the said John Meeke departed this 
 life 14 Feb. 1665 seized of the said messuages [etc.] soe given as 
 aforesaid, being of the yearly value of 84/., that is to say the 
 messuages and lands in the occupacion of Richard Sturges are of 
 the yearly vaUie of 46/., and the other messuages in the possession 
 of the said John Curtis are of the yearly value of ^^38. And that 
 he the said J. Meeke att the tyme of his death was likewise 
 possessed of a very considerable personall estate being farre more 
 then his debts, legacies and funerall expences did amount unto. 
 And that shortly after his the said testator's death letters of 
 administracion of the goods and chattells of the said John Meeke 
 were, by the Judge of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, 
 pendente lite, graunted to James Hyde, doctor of phisicke, 
 Principall of Magdalen Hall aforesaid and Syndicke for the said 
 University of Oxon, there haveing beene severall differences and 
 disputes betweene the said Dr. Hyde on behalf of the said university 
 and Hall and one Jonathan Magwicke concerning a nuncupative 
 will pretended to be made by the said John Meeke after the making 
 of the said written will. By which said nuncupative will he the 
 said John Meeke was alledged to have given all his estates both 
 reall and personall to the said Jonathan Magwicke. Which said 
 nuncupative will by the confession of the said Jonathan Magwicke 
 at the tyme of the takeing of this Inquisition was sett aside and 
 dampned both in the said prerogative Court of Canterbury and 
 alsoe in the Court of Delegates. 
 
 And the Jurors doe further find That Christopher Meeke of 
 Woolhope in the county of Hereford, gent., is heire att lawe to 
 the said J. Meeke, butt never intermeddled with the rents, yssues 
 and profitts of the premisses soe given as aforesaid, but doeth 
 neglect or refuse to convey and settle the afore mencioned pre- 
 misses according to the said written Will of the said Testator to 
 the greate preiudice of the said charitable guift and performance of 
 the said Will. 
 
 And the Jurors doe further present and finde that ever since 
 the death of the said testator, being 2|- yeares att Michaelmas 
 now last past there hath not beene any rent paid by the said 
 tenants of the said premisses but remained still in their hands, that
 
 3IO EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 is to say in the hands of the said Richard Sturges, the somme of 
 126/. 10.?., and in the hands of the said John Curtis the somme of 
 1 04/. lo.y., which said severall sommes ought to be paid by them 
 the said tenants for and towards the said charitable use as by the 
 said will is directed, and that the said Dr. James Hyde by vertue 
 of the said Letters of Administracion soe as aforesaid graunted, 
 hath receaved and possessed himselfe of the personall estate of the 
 said Testator to the value of 1,100/., which the said Dr. Hyde 
 confesseth to be resting in his hands att the tyme of the takeing 
 of this Inquisition which ought likewise to be disposed of, or soe 
 much of it as shall and will purchase the somme of 16/. per 
 annum for to supply and make good the said somme of 100/. per 
 annum for ever, that soe the said written will of the said testator 
 may be in every respect performed. And lastly the Jurors doe 
 further present and finde that the said messuages, etc., in question 
 ought to be settled and confirmed on the Chauncellor, masters, 
 and schollars of the said university of Oxford for and on the behalfe 
 of the said Magdalene Hall according to the tenor and true intent 
 of the said written will, the rents, yssues and profitts whereof to 
 continue and be to the only use and behoofe of the said poore 
 schollars and Hall for ever. 
 
 In witnes whereof .... date and year above written. 
 
 Att the Court house of the parish of St. Clement Danes in c. 
 Middlesex, 27 Jan., 20 Chas. II. 
 
 Whereas by an Inquisition taken at the aforesaid Court house 
 (Inquisition recited as above). . . . 
 
 And the said John Walker [etc.], Commissioners and persons 
 nominated and authorized in and by the said Commission, haveing 
 called the said Christopher Meeke, Jonathan Magwicke, Dr. 
 James Hyde, Richard Sturges and John Curtis before them and 
 they all (except the said Christopher Meeke) who (as appeared 
 unto them upon oathe) was duly summoned, appearing at the 
 time of the takeing of the said Inquisition, and they the said 
 Commissioners haveing heard the said J. Magwicke, Dr. J. Hyde 
 Richd. Sturges and J. Curtis, and they having made their defence 
 thereon, Now know yee that we Sir Reginald Foster, bart. [and
 
 WORCESTER. 3II 
 
 Others], being all Commissioners and persons nominated, author- 
 ized and appointed in and by the said Commission for the due 
 execucion thereof having perused the said Inquisition and 
 examined and considered of the matters therein for and considered 
 upon other matters to us appeareing. Wee the said Commissioners 
 upon the whole matters aforesaid are of opinion that the said 
 present will of the said John Meeke was not by an act of his att 
 any time before his death revoked or made null or voyd, and that 
 the messuages, etc., in the said Inquisition found were devised, 
 lymitted, assigned and appointed by the said John Meeke for the 
 maintenance often poore schollars to be brought from Worcester 
 Schoole to be chosen and presented by the schoolemaster of the 
 said schoole and to be approved of by the principall of Magdalen 
 Hall in the said University of Oxford for the time being and 
 there kept according to the will of the said John Meeke, doe 
 order, adiudge and decree that the Chauncellor, Masters and 
 Schollars of the said University of Oxford and their successors 
 shall for ever hereafter stand and be seized of all and singuler the 
 premisses late of the said John Meeke in the said Inquisition 
 specified and shall take and receive the rents, yssues and profits 
 thereof and shall pay over the same to the principall of Magdalen 
 Hall aforesaid for the tyme being to and for the charitable and 
 pious uses in the said Inquisition expressed and that the said 
 Christopher Meeke his heires and assignes shall be and are 
 hereby excluded and for ever debarred of and from the same 
 messuages and premisses and every part thereof, and of and from 
 all claime and demaund to the same, and that the said Dr. James 
 Hyde shall out of the personall estate of the said John Meeke 
 which came to his hands as aforesaid, disburse and lay out the 
 summe of 320/. in the buying of soe much land in fee simple as 
 shall together with the rents of the said messuages and premisses 
 (whereof the said John Meeke dyed seized as aforesaid) make up 
 and yeild the summe of lool. per ann. for ever. And that the 
 said Dr. J. Hyde shall also out of the said personall estate 
 disburse and dispose of the summe of 48/. for making up of the 
 arreares of the said 100/. per ann. for 3 yeares ending at the feast 
 of the Birth of our Lord God last past in such manner as is
 
 312 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 herein after mencioned, directed and appoynted, and that the said 
 Dr. James Hyde his executors and administrators for soe doeinge 
 are and shalbe hereby freed, acquitted and discharged of and from 
 the said summe of 320/. and the said summe of 48/. against all 
 and every persons and person clayming or to clayme the personall 
 estate of the said J. Meeke or any part therof. 
 
 And we the said Commissioners doe further adiudge and 
 decree that the said messuages as shalbe soe purchased as is afore- 
 said shall be conveyed to the Chancellor, Master and SchoUars of 
 the aforesaid university of Oxon and their successors. And that 
 thev shall alsoe stand and be seized of such necessary lands as 
 shall be soe hereafter purchased for trust and for the benefitt of 
 the poore schollars aforesaid, and that the rents, yssues and 
 profitts thereof shall be applyed to and for the maintenance of 
 poore schollars to be chosen out of Worcester Schoole and placed 
 in Magdalen Hall as aforesaid in such manner as is aforesaid for 
 their maintenance in Magdalen Hall according to and in 
 persuance of the Will of the said John Meeke and of this decree, 
 and that the rents and profitts of the messuages late of the said 
 John Meeke and also of such other lands as shall be purchased by 
 the said Dr. J. Hyde as is aforesaid or as is hereafter directed 
 shall be for ever hereafter received by the Chancellor, Masters 
 and schollars of the university aforesaid and their successors and 
 shall be by them paid over unto the Principall of Magdalen Hall 
 aforesaid for the tyme and from tyme to tynie being to be by him 
 and them imployed and applied in and for the maintenance of 10 
 poore schollars to bee chosen, presented and approved of out ot 
 the free gramar Schoole of Worcester as aforesaid and to be 
 educated in the said Magdalen Hall, to witt to each ot the said 
 poore schollars 10/. per annum the same to be enioyed by them 
 for the space of 7 years next after their coming into the said Hall 
 and that after the space of 7 years to be computed from the 
 tyme of each schollars placeing in the said Hall such and soe 
 many other schollars respectively shall be chosen, presented and 
 .approved of in such manner as aforesaid from the free grammar 
 schoole of Worcester and shall be putt and placed in the said 
 Hall in the places and steads of the said schollars who shall have
 
 WORCESTER. 3I3 
 
 been there 7 yeares as aforesaid and shall make up the number of 
 10 schollars with 10/. per annum apeece, and that the same 
 allowance shall be taken and used in all such augmentacions and 
 that the same methods in all the eleccions to the said 10 schollars 
 places and all such other places as shall [MS. very badly rubbed] 
 and provision of the aforesaid charitable guift of the said John 
 Meeke and of this decree shall be forever observed, and that if at 
 any tyme hereafter the said messuages in said Inquisition men- 
 cioned and all such lands as are hereby intended to be and shall 
 be purchased by the said Dr. J. Hyde as is aforesaid shall 
 encrease and be of the yearely value of no/, per annum above all 
 chardges and reprizes, That then one more poore schoUar shall be 
 chosen out of the said free grammar schoole of Worcester, and 
 being soe chosen, presented, and approved of as aforesaid, shall be 
 placed in the said Hall and shall have 10/. per annum for his 
 maintenance there for 7 yeares ; and as the said lands doe 
 encrease in value, soe many more poore schollars shall be elected 
 out of the said schoole and placed in the said Hall over and 
 above the 10 schollars aforemencioned as the rents of the said 
 premisses will beare and satisfie 10/. a peece to cache of the said 
 schollars, and as the profitts of the said lands shall encrease a 
 greater number of poore schollars shall be presented and placed 
 in the said Hall according to the true intent and meaneinge of 
 the said John Meeke. And wee the said Commissioners doe 
 further order, adiudge and decree that the said Rich'' Sturges 
 [the tenants to pay their arrears of rent 126/. los. and 114/. 
 respectively and rents in the future] unto the Chancellor, Masters 
 and schollars of the said university of Oxon for the tyme being to 
 be by them paid over to the Principall of Magdalen Hall afore- 
 said for the tyme and from tyme to tyme being, and that the new 
 Principall and his successors Principalis of the said Hall shall pay 
 and distribute and deliver the same to the said poore schollars soe 
 to be chosen, presented and approved of as aforesaid out of the 
 said schoole and placed in the said Hall as before is directed, 
 and that the same order shall be observed in all succeeding 
 nominacions, eleccions of all schollars for ever. 
 In witnes, etc., day and year above written. 
 
 s s
 
 314 
 
 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 / 
 
 I 
 
 A'. 
 
 d. 
 
 5 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 5 
 
 O 
 
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 2 
 
 lO 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
 lO 
 
 o 
 
 2 
 
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 o 
 
 2 
 
 lO 
 
 o 
 
 1669—1686. Chapter Acts and Payments for Cathedral 
 Grammar School. 
 
 [Treasurer's Book, Vol. 2, A., xxvii.] 
 
 1669. M. Wright. Ter° 1° 
 
 2° 
 
 3° 
 
 4° 
 
 M. Baker. Ter° 1° 
 
 2° 
 
 3° 
 
 M. Walker 4° 
 
 Tot. . 30 
 Pecuniae erogattae in Expensis Extraordinariis. 
 Allowed young Hopkins* at All Souls CoUedge . 
 
 167 1. Mr. John Wright .... 
 Mr. Josephus Walker .... 
 
 Reparaciones Ecclesiae. 
 Expensae Extraordinariae. 
 
 1672, Dec. 22. To Jo. Tom for 12 paire of Gloves 
 for the Boyes declaiming in the schoole 
 
 Aug. 26. To 2 men that hoipe to quench the 
 Fire at the Colledge .... 
 1674. Mr. Walker i'* and 2°'^ terms. 
 
 Mr. Sam. Davis 3"''' and 4"' terms. 
 
 To Mr. Wright, Schoolmaster, for the schoUers 
 
 for their acting a Play at Christmas, by Mr. 
 
 Dean and the Chapter's Order 
 
 To John Tombes for Gloves for the Boys that 
 
 declaimed ..... 
 
 Reparaciones domorum. 
 1676. For Mr. Wright the Schoolmrs. house. 
 Phil Goring the Mason, 1 8 dayes 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 o i8 
 
 16 6 
 
 * This name appears among the choristers this year. He presumably went up as a 
 Bible-Clerk there.
 
 WORCESTER. 
 
 315 
 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 His man 1 8 dayes .... 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 His boy 3 dayes .... 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 Haire 2 strikes .... 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 Harry Richards the Carpenter and 2 men, 10 
 
 
 
 
 dayes ..... 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 8 
 
 For 2 skrews used .... 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Tyles and Bricke .... 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 Jacob Heape the Smith his bill for nails and Iron- 
 
 
 
 
 worke ..... 
 
 
 
 II 
 
 6 
 
 29/. on Cloister windows 1676-7. 
 
 
 
 
 1677. Hypodidascali Dec. 25, 1676. Paid Mr. 
 
 
 
 
 Davis ..... 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Mar. 25, 1677. Pd. Mr. Roberts 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 June 24 „ „ . . 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Sept. 29 „ „ . . 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 Reparaciones Ecclesiae. 
 
 About the Schoole. 
 
 To H. Richard, Carpenter 
 
 )) )) * • ' 
 
 To Wm. Hemming for 1 200 of Bricks 
 [And 7/. 14^. for carpenters and masons.] 
 A ton of alabaster . . . . 
 
 2 Casements in Library 
 
 To Jo. Toms for gloves for the Boyes declaiming. 
 
 To the Funerall of Mr. Sam. Davys, Schoolm^ 
 
 Shroud 
 
 Coffin 
 
 Wine and Sugar 
 
 Diet-Cake . 
 
 Ringing and Registring 
 
 Michaels 
 Ringing and the Grave 
 
 Cathedrall 
 Covering the Grave, etc. 
 
 5 
 12 
 
 4 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 at St. 
 
 m 
 
 the 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 4 
 I 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 I 
 o 
 I 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 I 
 
 9 
 
 o 
 
 15 
 
 I 
 
 18 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 6 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 2 l!
 
 3t6 early education. 
 
 L s. d. 
 
 1678. About the Cloy ster Windowes . . 22 12 4 
 
 1679. About Mr. Wright's house the school- 
 
 master . . . . .300 
 Mending the steps at the Schoole and some worke 
 
 in the church . . . . .176 
 
 About the cloyster windows . . .4100 
 
 To Mr. Longmore for keeping Mr. Davis' 
 
 Childre . , . . .600 
 
 1 68 1. To Mr. Toms for Gloves to the Boyes 
 declaiming . . . . . o 15 o 
 
 1682. „ „ „ „ o 15 o 
 
 j> 
 
 1685. „ „ „ „ o 15 o 
 
 [Lib. Thesaur. A., xxx.] 
 
 1686. Archididascalus, Mr. Wright . . 20 o o 
 Hypodidascalus, Mr. Roberts . . . 10 o o 
 Dec. 17. Mr. Tombes for gloves for the schoole 
 
 boyes . . . . . .016 
 
 Sep. 24. Mr. Chettle for copiing the school 
 
 orders and other things . . .050 
 
 1687. I'Herm — Mr. Thomas Roberts other terms — 
 Mr. Cox. 
 
 May 2. A Terrestriall Globe for the School . 100 
 ,, 6. Books for the School, bought by Mr. 
 
 Deanes Order, viz., Hornij Geographia, i/. lo^.; 
 
 Ferrarij Lex. Geo., 85. ; Holiokes Dictionary, 
 
 i/. o^. od. . . . . .2180 
 
 May 3. Paid a bill for Repaires of the Schoolmrs. 
 
 house, dated Dec. 24, '85 . . . o 14 o 
 
 Nov. 18. To Nixon his bill for mending the 
 
 Schoolmaster's house . . . .01911 
 
 To Richard Jackson his bill for two tables, etc., 
 
 in the Schoole . . . .310 
 
 For a lock to the School door . . .030 
 
 Joh. Jackson for work in the Schoole . . o 16 o
 
 WORCESTER. 317 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Jan. 22. William Cole's Bill for work done in 
 
 the School, etc., at Eymore by himself and his 
 
 men till Jan. 22 . . . .200 
 
 Jan. 29. W. Cole's bill for the second week of 
 
 work in the School . . . .180 
 
 Feb. 12. Given the workmen to drink in the 
 
 School . . . . .010 
 
 Feb. 19. To Wm. Cole for work done in the 
 
 Schoole to this day . . . .0190 
 
 To Richard Clifford for work done at the 
 
 School . . . . .5118 
 
 1687. To Hugh Buxton for work done in the 
 
 school and church . . . .262 
 
 To Joseph Bradley his bill for the school . 258 
 
 To Joseph Brettell, Glasier, his bill for the school 
 
 windowes . . . . . 2 17 o 
 
 To Joseph Bretell his bill for pulling down and 
 
 mending the school windows . . .146 
 
 For pointing the windowes . . .010 
 
 Dec. 17. Given the boies who declaimed for 
 
 gloves. . . . . .050 
 
 1690, Work done at Mr. Wright's house . . 8154 
 
 1691, Dec. 15. To the Boyes that declaimed . o 15 o 
 
 1692, Dec. 14. Pd. by order of Mr. Dean to 14 
 
 boys that declamed . . . .296 
 
 1704. Mr. Fellowes, under Scholemr., i qr. . 2 10 o 
 
 1705, June 26 Mr. Fellowes, i qr. . . 2 10 o 
 Mr. Madens, i qr., per Mr. Fellowes . .500 
 Oct 25. Mr. Medens . . ;^5 o o 
 
 Deduct Corn rent . . .0911 
 
 4 10 I 
 
 Mr. Fellowes . . . 2 10 o 
 
 Ded. Corn rent . . .0911 
 
 2 o I 
 
 Dec. 14. The boys at school . . . o 15 o
 
 3l8 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 1673—1688. Chapter Orders as to Church-going and 
 King's Scholars. 
 
 [Chapter Act Book, A. Ixxvi.] 
 
 1673, 25 Nov. That after the Christmas Holydayes now 
 approachuig the Dean and Prebendaries present shall visit the 
 Schoole and see the execution of the Statutes and Orders which 
 relate thereunto, both as to the dutyes of the Master and Usher, as 
 also to Books and Exercises, and in speciall as to the Libri chartacei 
 required by the Statutes for the preserving of the Exercises, that the 
 Dean or in his absence the sub-dean, or in their absence the senior 
 Prebendary with such other Prebendaryes who shall be resident 
 shall constantly neere the end of every month visit the Schoole to 
 examine the regularity of the sayd Schoole and the proficiency of 
 the scholars in Literature, and their constancy att Prayers and 
 Catechisme. 
 
 1676, 23 Jan. That no King's Schollar for the future 
 be elected either by the Deane or any of the Prebendaryes 
 except such child elected or nominated be of the College 
 Schoole. 
 
 1677,25 Nov. Whereas the worship of God at the 6 o'clock 
 morning prayers is the lesse solemn, and the Devotion of the 
 people often disturbed by the late cominge and noise of boyes 
 towards the end of the service It is decreed that all the schollars 
 of the College Schoole shall be ready every morning in the said 
 schoole before the great Bell for the said Prayers hath done 
 tolling, and thence proceed orderly to the Church to the beginning 
 of the said Prayers, and after prayer ended returne quietly and 
 regularly to the said Schoole. 
 
 And that this may the more effectually be done the Master 
 and Usher, except in case of sickness or infirmity, are hereby 
 enjoyned to be dayly present themselves att the said Six o'clock 
 Prayers to observe the manners of the Schollars and to awe them 
 into Reverend and decent gestures agreeable to the Place and pre- 
 sence they are in, and shall also order Rolls to be kept and the 
 absence of the Schollars noted, and the offenders duely called to 
 account and punished according to their demerits every Monday
 
 WORCESTER. 319 
 
 morning as hath bin heretofore accustomed, and that this Chapter 
 Act be added to the Orders of the Schoole. 
 
 The said Dean and Chapter have also agreed to keep strictly 
 to the Statutes of the said Church concerning the King's schollars, 
 and for the future not to permitt any boy to continue in the 
 College Schoole under that character or receive the benefit of that 
 place for longer then foure yeares from the time of admission, 
 except, in case of speciall merit, the said Dean and Chapter shall 
 judge it meet to continue any Schollar for one yeare more. 
 
 1678, 23 June. To prevent the scandalous neglect of the 
 members of the Quire in not coming to morning praiers on 
 Sundaies and Holy dales It is enacted that every Petit Canon 
 and Lay Clerk of this Church and the Master and Usher of the 
 Schoole shall from henceforth every Sunday and Holy day 
 throughout the yeare be ready in the Quire to begin the 6 a 
 clock morning service, and shall there remaine during the said 
 service upon forfieture of Scl. for every default to be deducted by 
 the Treasurer out of their respective pay. 
 
 1680, 24 Nov. That noe Kinge's Schollar be admitted 
 hereafter unlesse he have bin at least one yeare of the Schoole 
 befor his admission. 
 
 1685, 23 June. That the Chapter Clerke drav/ up a List of 
 the King's Schollars every Quarter, which the Schoolemaster and 
 Usher are to subscribe and deliver the same to the Treasurer to 
 prevent mistakes in their Pay. 
 
 That no King's Scholar shall depute any other to serve in his 
 roome. But when in case of Sickness or otherwise there is just 
 occasion of absence from Church and Schoole longer than a 
 Fortnight, the Scholar shall obtain leave of the Dean, Sub-Dean 
 or Senior Prebendary, and whosoe shall be absent above a Fort- 
 night without such leave shall loose his place, which shall from 
 thenceforth be void. 
 
 1686, 25 Nov. Elegerunt .... Gulielmum Cox Artium 
 Baccalaureum in officium Hypodidascali Scholas liberas hujus 
 Ecclesiffi vacantis per permocionem predicti magistri Roberts 
 [elected a Minor Canon] Prsterea Dominus Decanus arguit 
 Magistrum Johannam Wright Scholae predictae Archidascalum tum
 
 320 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 negligentlas notoriae in officii sui executione turn inobedientiae 
 manifestas mandatis, licitur et capitulariter injunctis, quae vera 
 quodammodo confessus capitulariter secundum statuta hujus 
 Ecclesis commonitus fuit. 
 
 1688, 23 June. That the ground or Room at the South end 
 of the Graynary be from henceforth annexed to the house 
 belonging to the office of Master of the School for the time 
 being, and in which now Mr. John Wright, the present school- 
 master, doth inhabit. 
 
 That for the future the Schoolmaster shall not grant any 
 whole day for play. 
 
 2. That he shall never grant any time for play upon a 
 Friday. 
 
 3. That he shall never grant any day for play in any weeke 
 wherein there shall be a Holy-day. 
 
 And that these be added to the late Orders given for the 
 better regulation of the School. 
 
 1686- Proposals for Examination for Scholarships at 
 Magdalen Hall, Oxford. 
 
 [" The Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Worcester." 
 Thomas Abingdon. London, 1717. P. xxx.] 
 
 During Dr. Hickes's Administration in the Deanery of this 
 Church, many Things were transacted for its Benefit, and more 
 designed, which I shall rather choose to give you in that Dean's 
 own words, who attributes much of the Merit of those Actions to 
 his Friend, Dr. Hopkins, in Page 8 and 9 of his Preface to his 
 Sermons, viz. : " It was by his (viz. Doctor Hopkins's) Assist- 
 ance, that I made Orders for the better Regulations of the King's 
 School, and got them passed into a Chapter Act, and with the 
 Act registred in the Chapter-Book .... We had other Designs 
 in Agitation, for the Good of the Church, which, had not the 
 Troubles of that Reign prevented, I doubt not but we should 
 have brought to effect. We had represented to Dr. Levett, 
 Principal of St. Mary Magdalen Hall in Oxford, how much it 
 would be for the Honour of the King's School in Worcester, the
 
 WORCESTER. 32 1 
 
 Encouragement of the Youth bred there, and the Advantage of 
 his House, if the Exhibitioners, sent from the School to the Hall, 
 were solemnly elected at a publick Examination : And to that 
 End, I made a Proposal to the Doctor, that if, at any appointed 
 Time of Election, he would please either to come himself, or 
 send two of his Masters, to examine the Boys, and choose the 
 most deserving, the Church should bear their Charges forwards 
 and backwards, and entertain them all the time they were there. 
 . . . We also intended to lay before his Majesty the great 
 Number, and very small Allowance, of the King's Scholars ; and 
 to petition him to reduce them to a less Number, for their better 
 Maintenance " 
 
 1672—1711. The Free School. 
 
 [Royal Grammar School Muniments. Six Masters' Account Book, 
 1683— 1864.] 
 
 1672, 9 June. £ s. d. 
 
 Payd Mr. Thomas Whitfoote, the 5th of June 
 
 for St. Mary Day, his quarter's pay as Schoole- 
 
 master . . . . . . 03 05 00 
 
 Mr. Hanbury Harris then, as Usher, his quarter's pay 01 02 06 
 Payd Mr. Whitefoot for Midsomer quarter. . 03 05 00 
 
 Payd Mr. Harris then, as Usher, for Midsomer 
 
 quarter . . . . . . 01 02 00 
 
 Payd to the poore people in the Trenity 13 months' 
 
 pay att 8s. each moneth . . . . 05 04 00 
 
 Robert Hughes, his wife, he being pressed for a soldier 00 06 00 
 
 1672-3. 
 
 Mr. Evans, 2 1 Oct., for a dixsonary for the free 
 
 schoole . . . . . . 01 00 00 
 
 For making a deske in the Schoole , . . 00 02 06 
 
 1675-6. 
 
 Total receipts . . . . . 52 00 00 
 
 29 Nov. 1675, at Mr. Holleys, when wee elected the 
 
 High Schoolemaster, Mr. George Willson . 00 06 02 
 
 T T
 
 322 
 
 EARLY EDUCATION. 
 
 I .5. d. 
 
 14 Jan. 1675, Mr. Hanbury Harris, his half yeare's 
 
 pay . . . • • . 03 05 00 
 
 Given Mr. Willson, the High Schoolemaster, by 
 order of the Six Masters, for supplying Mr. White- 
 foot's place in his sickness . . . 00 10 00 
 
 1676-7. 
 
 14 Dec, att the free schoole, to 6 boyes that 
 declaymed att the breaking up, by order of the 
 Aldermen . . . . . 00 06 00 
 
 Spent there at Mr. Holleys upon the gentlemen and 
 
 Schoolemaster . . . . . 00 05 00 
 
 Given the schoole boyes when they declaimed . 00 05 00 
 
 Spent at Mr. Holley's the same time . . 00 06 00 
 
 5 dozen of quaries for the free schoole windowes . 00 03 09 
 
 1677-8. 
 
 Given to 9 scollers who declaymed at X"*' and spent 00 1 6 00 
 
 1678-9. 
 
 Given to the scholers which declaymed at Xmas . 00 08 00 
 
 1682. 
 
 Given to 5 boys that declaimed . . . 00 05 00 
 
 1683. 
 
 Paid Mr. Wilson, the High Schoolemaster, for a 
 
 year and quarter due at Midsomer . . 16 05 00 
 
 Paid Mr. Hanbury Harris, Usher [ditto] . . 08 02 06 
 14 Dec. Spent on ye Schoolemaster at Mr. Holey's 
 
 at breaking-up . . . . . 00 05 00 
 
 Gave the boys that declaym'd at breaking-up . 00 07 00 
 
 Old Kate for one moneth's pay . . . 00 08 00 
 
 1686. 
 
 To Mr. George Lea, Receiver, for a gratuity los. 
 
 and 8i. ^d. for exchanging ye Schoolemaster's 
 name . . . . . . 01 08 04
 
 WORCESTER. 323 
 
 1688. I s. d. 
 
 Given to ye 6 boys y' declaimed at Xmas . . oo 06 00 
 
 Paid ye Sweeper of ye Scoole . . . 00 o i 00 
 
 Spent uppon ye Master at ye Tauerne . . 00 05 00 
 
 1690. 
 
 8 Aug. Paid ye 6 Poor boyes to buy bookes for 
 
 2 yeares . . . . . . 04 00 00 
 
 8 Aug. For declaiming, and sweeping the Scoole . 00 07 00 
 Nov. Spent on the Scoolemasters when the boyes 
 
 broke-up . . . . . 00 05 00 
 
 1692. 
 
 Paid the 6 boyes to buy bookes . . . 02 00 00
 
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 ( 33^ ) 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Abell, Thomas, 153 
 Abergavenny, Lady, 64 
 Abingdon, Abbot of, 68 
 
 , Grammar School, Ixix 
 
 , 5^^ Habington 
 
 Abbo, Abbot, xv, 13 
 Abbotsbury, Abbot of, 67, 
 
 68 
 Acaster College, lix 
 Account rolls, Obedienti- 
 aries', XXXV, lii 
 Accounts: — 
 
 Almoner's, xlvii, xlviii, 
 1, lii, 45, 49, 78, 80, 
 88,89, 91.95,97.99. 
 100, 103, 107 
 Bailiffs', 100 
 Bursar's, 26, 76 
 Cellarer's, xxxvi, xli, 
 xHii, lii, 28, 41, 44, 
 46, SO, 61, 62, 64, 75 
 -77,80-83,86,89, 
 99, no 
 Chamberlain's, xxxix, 
 xli, xliv, 42, 55, loi, 
 
 104 
 City, xxxii, xxxiii, 174, 
 
 181, 186 
 Governors', Ixxxvi, 220 
 
 — 240, 284, 321 
 Hostilar's, xlii, 63 
 Kitchener's, xli, xliv, 
 
 54. 104 
 Receiver-General's, liii, 
 
 148, 180 
 Sacrist's, xli, xliii, xliv, 
 
 xlviii, 75, 99, 106 
 Tomb-keeper's, liii, 103, 
 
 104 
 Treasurer's, Ixvi, 169, 
 186, 242, 243, 249, 
 298, 306, 307, 314 
 Warden of Lady Cha- 
 pels, li, liii, 56 — 60, 
 61,64, 79,85,87,88, 
 90, 93, 95, 99, loi, 
 104 
 Acton, Charles, 160 
 
 , Sir Robert, 176 
 
 Adice (Adyes), William, 
 
 xxxi, 175 
 Aelfmer, xii 
 
 Aelfric, Archbishop, ix, xi, 
 xii 
 
 Aethelnoth, dean of Ram- 
 sey, 9 
 Agbarowe, Henry, 154 
 Alchurch, Robert, 95 
 Alcok, Thomas, lii, 98 
 Aldred, Bishop, 17 
 Alcn (Allen), Richard, Ixiii, 
 Ixv, 169, 172 
 
 , Richard, jun., Ixiv, 
 
 170 
 
 , Richard (3rd), Ixv 
 
 , Thomas, i6o 
 
 Alfred, King, xiv, 3 
 , programme of educa- 
 tion, 5 
 Allcoke, Laurence, 219 
 All Souls' College, see under 
 
 Oxford 
 Almoners, see under 
 names : — 
 
 Hertylbury, John 
 Hodynton, William 
 Lyvesey, Robert 
 Michelnaye, John of 
 Minstreworth, Roa;er 
 
 of 
 Multon, Robert 
 Newton, Jolin 
 Stratford, John 
 Almoners' accounts, «? Ac- 
 counts 
 Almonry, boys of the, xlvii, 
 xlix, 1, li, 77, 80, 89, 91, 
 
 93, 95. 99 
 , chaplain in the, xlvii, 
 
 45, 49 
 
 , clerks of the, 80, 88 
 
 , School, ii, xlvi, 93, 
 
 95. 97 
 
 Almspeople, orders for, 
 Ixxxvi, 2i6 
 
 , payments to, Ixxxvii, 
 
 99, 100, 114, 129, 150, 
 176, 178, 217, 219, 222, 
 224, 227, 228, 230, 231, 
 232, 234, 235, 236, 238, 
 239, 240, 28s, 321 
 
 Alphege, Archbishop, xii, 
 xiii 
 
 Altar, plate for, 250 
 
 Alveston, manor of, Ixiii, 
 166 
 
 Alye, Theophilus, 286, 287 
 
 Ambrose, Mr.,lxxxviii, 233, 
 
 234 
 Amyas, Thomas, 235 
 
 Ancredam, Simon of, 49 
 Andievves, William, 153 
 Anthonies, Edward, 237 
 Appointments of organ- 
 player, 107 
 
 of schoolmasters, see 
 
 Schoolmaster 
 
 of ushers, 187, 245, 
 
 296 
 
 Archbold, John, 242, 243, 
 
 245 
 Archdeacons, see under 
 names : — 
 
 Alcok, Thomas 
 
 Hale 
 
 Ixworth, John 
 
 Sancte Lucie, Francis 
 
 Vienne, Henry of 
 Archord, John, 225 
 Arden, William, 239 
 Arundel, John of, xxxvi, 
 
 xxxvii, 27, 28 
 Ashton, John of, 43 
 Asmore, William, 159 
 Asser, Bishop, xiv, 5 
 Asser's Life of Alfred, xiv, 
 
 3 
 Asserio, Rigaud de, xxxix 
 Aston, John of, 28, 29 
 Atwood, Edward, isi 
 Augustine, in, iv, vn, x, 
 
 xiii 
 Avalle, Roger, 91 
 
 B 
 
 Bachler, John, 238, 240 
 Badneche, John, 160 
 Bagard, Thomas, 158 
 Baker, John, Ixxiv, 307, 
 
 314 
 
 , Sir John, xxxiv, 218 
 
 Ballard, Nicholas, Ixxxix, 
 
 286 
 Balle, James, 160 
 Balliol College, see under 
 
 Oxford 
 Bardney, Sir John, 69, 
 
 73 
 Barfoote, Thomas, Ixxi, 
 
 Ixxii, ixxiii, 296 
 Barker, Colonel John, 294 
 Barlow, John, Dean, 148, 
 
 149, 154, 156, 158, 161, 
 
 164
 
 332 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Basden, William, 182 
 Basing, William, xlv 
 Baston, Raphell, 236 
 Baxte'r, Thomas, Ixxxiii 
 Beckington, Bishop, Sta- 
 tutes of, 1 
 Bede, iii 
 
 Bede's Ecclesiastical His- 
 tory^ I 
 Bedell, Richard, 237 
 
 (usher), 236 
 
 Bedyll, Richard, 154 
 Bele, William, 62, 64 
 Bell, Nicholas, 160 
 Benedict XII., Pope, xl 
 Benedictine Chapter,xxxviii, 
 
 xlii, 29, 31, 65—74 
 Benedictines not school- 
 keepers, ii 
 Benett, William, 158 
 Bennett, John, Ixxx 
 Best, Richard, 153 
 Betterly, William, Ixxviii 
 Bible bought, 242 
 Birlingham, W. of, xli, 45 
 Bishops, see tinder names: — 
 
 Aldred 
 
 Blois, William of 
 
 Bosel 
 
 Brihteagh 
 
 BulUngham, Nicholas 
 
 Cantilupe, Walter of 
 
 Carpenter, John 
 
 Dunstan 
 
 Giffard 
 
 Giglis, Silvester de 
 
 Heath, Nicholas 
 
 Oftfor 
 
 Pulton, Thomas 
 
 Reynolds, Walter 
 
 Sandys, Edwin 
 
 Tatfrid 
 
 Wakefield, Henry of 
 
 Werfrith 
 
 Wulstan 
 Bishopric, origin of, i 
 Blackwell, Mr., 284, 285 
 B lizard, Mr., 239 
 Blockcley, Edward, 159 
 Blois, William of, xvii, 19 
 Blood-lettings, xli, 47, 50 
 Bloom, Rev. J. Harvey, 29 
 Blount, Francis, 160 
 Blunt, John, 160 
 Blurton, Richard, 284 
 Boase, C. W., Ixii 
 Bochear, William, 160 
 Book, The Herd's, 6 
 Books bought for King's 
 School, Ixxvi, 316 
 
 bought for Royal 
 
 Grammar School, 321, 
 
 323 
 
 , payments for, 28, 242 
 
 , place for, 247 
 
 Books, portage of, xlii, xliii, 
 
 63, 79, 81, 242 
 Borne, Gilbert, 158, 164 
 
 , John, 154 
 
 Bosebury, R. de, 45, 49 
 Bosel, Bishop, iii, iv, i 
 Bowrne, John, 176 
 Boy-bishop, xx 
 Boyle, Anthony, 159 
 
 , Roger, 160 
 
 Boys, Thomas, 96 
 Boyse, Daniel, liii, 104, 107 
 Bradfield College, Ixxxiv 
 Bradley, Joseph, 317 
 Bradshaw, Thomas, Ixvi, 
 
 186, 219 
 Bradwas, Thomas, 158 
 Bramley, Richard, 65 
 ^tAsenoseCoWege, see under 
 
 Oxford 
 Bratt, Christopher, xxxii, 
 
 186 
 Bredel, John, xxiv, 76 
 Brett, Julyan, 221 
 Brettell, Joseph, 317 
 Brewar, John, no 
 Brian, Kate, 233 
 Bright, Henry, Ixvii, Ixviii, 
 
 243. 244 
 
 , Henry, jun., Ixix 
 
 , James, Ixvii 
 
 Brihteagh, Bishop, 18 
 Brimfield, William, 307 
 Bristol, Kalendars' Gild, 
 
 XXV 
 
 Brogden, Mr., 239 
 Brok, William, xxxvii 
 Bromsgrove School, 179 
 Brotton, John, 79 
 Broughton, John, 307 
 
 , Mr., Ixxxviii 
 
 , William, 64 
 
 Brown, John, 289 
 Browne, George, 160 
 
 , John, 158 
 
 , Margaret, xxxiv, 218 
 
 , Thomas, Ixxxviii, 2S5, 
 
 286 
 Bryden, Sir Thomas, 79 
 Buck, Richard, 160 
 Bullyngdon, William, 160 
 BuUingham, Nicholas, Ixiii, 
 
 160 
 Bullyngeham (Bollyng- 
 
 ham), Susan, 218, 221 
 Bulteville, Peter of, xix 
 Bursar of the Priory, Col- 
 well, Thomas, 76 
 Burton, Abbot of, 68, 73 
 Bury St. Edmund's, Abbot 
 of, xxiii, 65 
 
 , Schoolmaster at, 
 
 Ixxiv, Ixxxv 
 Busshell, Roger, 223 
 Butcher, Hugh, 219 
 
 Butler, Richard, 157 
 Buxton, Hugh, 317 
 Bydle, Richard, 234 
 
 Calaman, Richard, 103 
 Callowe, John, xxix, 176 
 CallowhiU, John, 217, 222 
 Callowhills, the, Ixxxviii 
 Cambridge Grammar 
 
 School, xxiv 
 , St. John's College, 
 
 Ixxii 
 
 , Scholars at, 129, 169 
 
 , Trinity College, 
 
 l-xxviii 
 
 , Trinity Hall, Ixxxi 
 
 Candles, dispute about, xix, 
 
 23 
 
 Canons, see under names: — 
 Bagard, Thomas 
 Borne, Gilbert 
 Browne, John 
 Ewer, Richard 
 Hopkins, Dr. 
 Johnson, Robert 
 Joylyff, Henry 
 Laverne, John 
 Lyste, Richard 
 Neckham, Roger 
 Stanford, Roger 
 Tomkins, Thomas 
 Webley, Humphrey 
 Wilson, James Maurice 
 
 Canterbury Cathedral es- 
 tablishment, vii — xiii 
 
 , Almonry boys at, xlvii 
 
 Grammar School, iii, 
 
 Ixii, 182 
 
 Canterbury, St. Augustine's, 
 Customaries of, xliv 
 
 Cantilupe, Thomas of, xix 
 
 , Walter of, xvii, xix, 
 
 19, 114 
 
 Carnary (Charnel-house) 
 Chapel, xix, xxv 
 
 , Chaplains of, xvii, 75 
 
 , Foundation of, xvii, 
 
 19 
 , Master of, 104; Lewes, 
 
 — , 106; Webbe, Peter, 
 
 90 
 Carpenter, John, xxv 
 
 , Richard, 85 
 
 Carter, Thomas, 1 14, 152, 
 
 153, 157 
 Cathedral, re-foundation of, 
 
 Ivi, 117 
 Cathedral Grammar School, 
 
 see King's School 
 Catthorp, Randolph, 35 
 Cecil, William, xxxiii
 
 G/NERAL INDEX. 
 
 333 
 
 Cellarers, sie under 
 names: — 
 Clive, John 
 Cohvell, Thomas 
 Dene, Thomas 
 Hembury, Nicholas 
 Hodynton, William 
 Juteberg, Hugo de 
 Kinglond, Roger 
 Ledbury, Isaac 
 Multon, Robert 
 Oustone, William 
 Power, William 
 Smethewyk, John 
 Styvynton, Roger of 
 Sudbury, John 
 Tyburton, Richard 
 Weston, Robert of 
 Wyk, John de 
 Wynforton, Walter of 
 
 Ceolnoth, Archbishop, viii, 
 xi 
 
 Chamberlains, see under 
 names : — 
 
 Calaman, Richard 
 Dene, Thomas 
 Gilbert 
 
 Chantries, Continuance 
 
 warrants for, 178 
 
 , Dissolution of, 172 
 
 Chantry Certificates, xxvii, 
 xxix, 172, 17s — 178 
 
 in St. Nicholas' 
 
 Church, xxvii, 172 
 
 in St. Thomas in the 
 
 Carnary, x.xvi 
 
 in Trinitj' Gild, xxvii 
 
 Priests, 172, 173 
 
 Priests to teach, 117 
 
 Chaplains to attend school, 
 
 •9 
 Chapter Orders, Ixxiv, Ixxix, 
 
 Ixxxi, Ixxxii, 318 
 Charity Commissioners, lix 
 Charlett, John, 154, 243, 
 
 250 
 Charnel house, see Carnary 
 Charter, Queen Elizabeth's, 
 for Royal Grammar 
 School, xx.xiii, 203 
 Chertsey, Abbot of, 73 
 Chester, Abbot of, 68 
 Chettle, Mr., 316 
 Chicheley, Archbishop, lix 
 Choristers, see under 
 names : — 
 
 Blockeley, Edward 
 Dylle, Richard 
 Elston, Edgard 
 Fyssher, Richard 
 Heughes, John 
 Machyn, Robert 
 Norman, Thomas 
 Payne, Robert 
 Redyng, John 
 
 Choristers : — 
 
 Russell, James 
 
 Tollye, John 
 
 Warold, Richard 
 
 Wyott, Ralph 
 Choristers, Appointment as 
 scholars, l.\xxii, 182 
 
 , List of Masters of, 
 
 219 
 
 , Master of the, 159, 
 
 172 
 
 , Payments to, 149 
 
 , Statute relating to, 
 
 123, 300 
 Christ Church, see tinder 
 
 Oxford 
 Cirencester, Schoolmaster 
 of, xxvi 
 
 , William of, xlvii 
 
 City Council, 175, 181 
 
 payments, 174, iSi, 
 
 186 
 Clare, Thomas, 73 
 Clarke, John, 157 
 Clement V., Pope, xxiv, 
 
 x.xxix, xl 
 Clerks of Lady Chapel, see 
 under names : — 
 
 Bele, William 
 
 Driffield, John 
 
 Garles, John 
 
 Hereford, John 
 
 Ill\va\', John 
 
 Ree, William at 
 
 Shekell, John 
 
 Wyseham, Ralph 
 Clerks, singing-men: — 
 
 Asmore, William 
 
 Boyle, Anthony 
 
 Hastings, John 
 
 Luskyns, John 
 
 Norman, John 
 
 Reydon, Erkenwald 
 
 Wabler, Robert 
 Clifford, Richard, 317 
 Clive, John, 62, 75 
 
 , William, 63 
 
 Cloister windows, 315, 316 
 Clyfton, Richard, xlii, 63 
 
 , William, 95 
 
 Clyve, Richard of, x.\xvii 
 Cockes, William, 232, 233 
 Cock-fighting, li, 96 
 Coffen (Coffyn), Roger, 
 182, 231 
 
 , William, 222 
 
 Coke, John, 289 
 Colborne, Roger, Ixvi, 160 
 Colden, John, 219 
 Cole, William, 317 
 Colet, Dean, vi, Ixxxv 
 College School, see King's 
 
 School 
 Cohvell (Collewell), Tho- 
 mas, 76, 77, 79 
 
 Colys, Edward, 160 
 Combez, John, too 
 Common seal, fee for, 219 
 
 table, Iviii, Ixvii, 125, 
 
 201 
 
 Connysbie, Richard, Ixii, 
 
 160 
 Conversus, xlv 
 Cook, Kate, 96 
 Cooper, George, 289 
 Copner, Cornelius, Ixxxi 
 Corbett, John, 291 
 Corpus Christ! College, see 
 
 under Oxford 
 Coterell, Robert, 220 
 Cotterell (Cottell), John, 
 
 222, 223, 226, 231, 233 
 Cottrell, Edward, 237, 239 
 
 (misprinted Cottron), 
 
 Nicholas, Ixxxix, 286 
 
 Court of Augmentations, 
 x.\xii, Ixi, Ixiv, 190, 192 
 
 of Requests, suit in, 
 
 xxxi, xxxiii, 188 — 201 
 
 Coventry, Abbot of, 73 
 Cowcher, John, 230, 231, 
 
 238, 240, 283, 284, 28s 
 Cowlinge, Richard, 235 
 Co.x, Richard, Archdeacon 
 
 of Ely, Ivi, 133 
 , William, Ixxv, 316, 
 
 319 
 Coxe, John, Ixvi, 219 
 
 , Mr., 226 
 
 Cranmer, Archbishop, Ixii, 
 
 '-^^ . . 
 , Injunctions of, liv, 
 
 1x2 
 Cratford (Crakford), Ed- 
 ward, Ixiii, 160 
 
 , Hugh, .\lvi, li, lii, Ixiii, 
 
 92. 93. 95. 97, 98. 99. 
 1 54 
 Cressett, Edward, 297 
 Croft, John, 160 
 Cromwell, Thomas, xxviii 
 Cros, Thomas, xli, 50, 51 
 Crosby, Edward, 218 
 
 , Rowland, 290 
 
 Crosse, John, 73 
 Crouche, William, 176 
 Crowle, Thomas, 153 
 Crowther, Dr., 300 
 Croylond, Abbot of, 66 
 Curcktcn, Thomas, 160 
 Curriculum for King's 
 
 .School, Ix, Ixxvi, 131 
 Curtis, John, 308, 313 
 
 Daffy, Richard, 154 
 Dale, Valentine, Ixiii, i6o 
 Danvers, Henry, 289
 
 334 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Darnell, Edward, 222, 223, 
 224, 229, 230, 232 
 
 Davids, Richard, 201 
 
 Davis, Hugh, 239 
 
 , John, 239 
 
 , Sam., Ixxv, 314, 315 
 
 Day, George, Bishop of 
 Chester, Ivi, 133 
 
 Deans, see under names : — 
 Barlow, John 
 Henry, Bishop of 
 
 Rochester 
 Hickes, Dr. 
 Holbache, Henry 
 Lake, Arthur 
 Pedor, John 
 Potter, Charles 
 Warmstie, — 
 
 Dean and Chapter, dispute 
 with Bishop, Ixx, 248 
 
 , Income of, Ixxxii 
 
 Deans and Chapters, Act 
 for abolition of, 287 
 
 Dedycote, Richard, 176, 
 201 
 
 , Roger, 160 
 
 Deighton (Dighton), Chris- 
 topher, 187, 205, 220, 223, 
 224, 225, 229, 230, 231 
 
 Dene, Thomas, 55, 61, 62 
 
 , William, 85, 87, 88 
 
 Denning, Stephen Poyntz, 
 Ixxxiv 
 
 Derham, John, 66 
 
 Dictionaryfor King's School, 
 Ixxvi, 316 
 
 for Royal Grammar 
 
 School, Ixxxviii 
 
 Dockyng, Thomas, Ixiv, 
 171 
 
 Dodderhill, rectory of, Ixiii, 
 166 
 
 Dodynge (Dowdyng), Tho- 
 mas, xxxi, 181, 225, 228 
 
 Dolphin, Mr., Ixxxviii, 
 238 
 
 Dolphyn, Rowland, 242 
 
 Dorchester, Aetla of, xiii, i 
 
 Dorsted, William, 73 
 
 Drew, A., 250 
 
 Driffield, John, xlvii, 56, 
 
 57 
 Dudley, John, xlii, 55, 56, 
 
 62, lOI 
 Dugard, William, 242 
 Duke, R., 168, 180 
 Dunstan, Bishop, iv, xiii, 
 
 13 
 Durham, Almonry boys at, 
 
 xlvii 
 
 University, Ixxxiv 
 
 Dury, John, Ixxvii 
 Dyckyns, Hugh, 221 
 Dylle, Richard, 159 
 Dyngeley, Henry, 153 
 
 Eadmer, xii, xv, 12 
 Eadnoth, 9 
 Ealstan, 18 
 
 Ebchestore, William, 73 
 Ecclesiastical Commis- 
 sioners Act, lix 
 Edgar, King, xvi, 9, 13 
 Edmund the Singer, loi 
 Edowe, Richard, 160 
 Education, not provided by 
 
 Priory, Iv 
 
 , programme of, xiv, 5 
 
 , work of secular clergy, 
 
 iii 
 Educational expenditure, 
 
 IS35. "3 
 
 , 1543, 148 
 
 , IS4S-6, 169 
 
 • , 1546-7, 172 
 
 Edward VI., xxix, Ixiii 
 Edwardes, John, 225 
 Edwards, Cuthlac, 154 
 Elizabeth, Queen, xxxi, 
 
 xxxiii, Iviii, Ixiii, Ixv 
 Elston, Edgard, 159 
 
 , George, 159 
 
 Elvines (Elvens), Edward, 
 
 283, 284, 285, 286, 287 
 Endowed Schools Act, lix 
 Epistolar, see Pisteler 
 Epitaphs on Headmasters, 
 
 Ixv, Ixviii, Ixxiii, 182, 
 
 244, 299 
 Ethelbert, King, x, xi 
 Ethelred, King, viii, I 
 Ethelstan, xiv, 3 
 Ethelwald, Bishop of Win- 
 chester. 13 
 Ethered, Bishop, viii 
 Eton College, Ivii, lix, Ixi, 
 
 Ixii, 2S8 
 
 , Headmaster of, Ivi 
 
 , Provost of, Iii 
 
 Evans, Mr., 321 
 
 Everard, Prior of Gloucester 
 
 College, xli, 52 
 Evesham, Abbot of, xliii, 
 
 Ivii, 66, 68, 73 
 
 , John of, xli, 4S, 1 14 
 
 , School, 179 
 
 Evolt, William, 181 
 
 Ewer, John, 160 
 
 , Richard, 158, 164, 
 
 172 
 Exeter College, see under 
 
 Oxford 
 Exhibitions for scholars, 
 
 xxiii, Ixviii, 22, 245 
 , University, Ix.xi, 167, 
 
 242, 250, 307 
 Meeke, established, 
 
 Ixxvi, 307 
 Eynsham Abbey, xliii, 83 
 
 Fees, school, xxv 
 
 , King's School, Ixxx 
 
 , Royal Grammar 
 
 School, Ixxxvi 
 Felix, Bishop, iii 
 Fellowes, Mr., Ixxviii, 317 
 Fido, John, 220 
 Fisher, Richard, Ixv, 219 
 Fleete, Thomas, see Wals- 
 
 grave 
 Flesshebrook, William, 91 
 Fletcher, Oliver, 222 
 Fleury, monastery at, xv, 8, 
 
 12 
 Floyer, Rev. J. K., xv 
 Folly, William, 307 
 Folyatt, Nicholas, Ixii, 160 
 Ford (Foord), Henry, 283, 
 
 284, 285, 286, 287 
 Fordam, J., xli, 55, 60, 62, 
 
 63 
 Fordham, William, loi 
 Foster, Edward, 160 
 
 , Sir Reginald, 310 
 
 , Thomas, 153 
 
 Fox, Octavius, l.xxxiii 
 Franck, Francis, 2S6, 287 
 Free School, see Royal 
 Grammar School 
 
 , meaning of, xxv 
 
 Frere, W. H., Visitation 
 Articles, etc., of the Re- 
 formation, 201 
 Frewen, John, xxviii 
 Frithegod, Master, 12 
 Frogmer, Mr., 239 
 Frynde, John, no 
 Fuller's Worthies of Wor- 
 cestershire, l.xviii 
 Fylkes, Ralph, 60 
 Fyssher, John, 153 
 
 , Richard, 159 
 
 Fytkyn, John, 160 
 
 Gainsborough, William of, 
 
 33 
 Gardener, Henry, 154 
 
 , John, 63 
 
 Garles (Garlek), John, 58, 
 
 59, 60, 61 
 Geffreys, Henry, 160 
 Geography taught, Ixxvi 
 
 at Westminster, Ixxvii 
 
 George, Richard, Ixxxi 
 Germanus, dean of Ramsey, 
 
 XV, 9 
 
 Giffard, Bishop Godfrey, 
 xix, xxxvi, 23 
 
 , Sir John, xxxvii 
 
 Giglis, Silvester de, Iii, 98
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 335 
 
 Gild, Trinity, see Trinity 
 
 Globe, terrestrial, bought, 
 Ixxvi, 316 
 
 Gloucester College, see 
 under Oxford 
 
 Gloves for schoolboys de- 
 claiming, Ixxiv, 314, 315, 
 
 3'6, 317 
 Glowcestre, John, 90 
 Goad, Mr., Ixxiii, 300 
 Godric, xiii 
 
 Golborne, Roger, Ixvi, 160 
 Goldston, Mr., 223 
 Good, Richard, 157 
 Gooding, Thomas, Ixxix, 
 
 Ixxx 
 Goring, Phil., 314 
 Gospeller, the, Ivi, Iviii, Ixi, 
 
 '59 
 Gough, Roger, 283, 284, 
 
 285 
 Governors, see itnder 
 names ; — 
 
 Alye, Theophilus 
 
 Bachler, John 
 
 Cowcher, John 
 
 Dighton, Christopher 
 
 Dowdyng, Thomas 
 
 Elvines, Edward 
 
 Foord, Henry 
 
 Franck, Francis 
 
 Gough, Roger 
 
 Gybbs, William 
 
 Hacket, Thomas 
 
 Hall, Richard 
 
 Heming, Richard 
 
 James, William 
 
 Langley, William 
 
 Moore, Thomas 
 
 More, Edward 
 
 Naish, John 
 
 Naishe, Richard 
 
 Rowlande alias Stey- 
 ner, John 
 
 Stinton, George 
 
 Stirrup, Robert 
 
 Taylor, James 
 
 Walsgrove alias 
 Fleete, Thomas 
 
 Youle, Robert 
 Governors' accounts, 220, 
 
 240, 284 
 Grable, John, 160 
 Grammar, inhibition from 
 teaching, Hi, 98 
 
 , Monks' ignorance of, 
 
 Iv, US 
 Grammar School, xix — xxvi, 
 
 23, 34, 76 
 , Carnary chaplams at, 
 
 xvii, 20 
 
 , Continuance of, 181 
 
 , master for junior 
 
 monks, liv, 1 12 
 , Suit about, 188 — 201 
 
 Grammar School, Sf^- under 
 names : — 
 Abingdon 
 
 Bury St. Edmund's 
 Cambridge 
 Canterbury 
 Guisborough 
 Henley 
 Lincoln 
 Macclesfield 
 Manchester 
 St. Alban's 
 Tideswell 
 Westminster 
 Grammar Schools in Wor- 
 cestershire, 179 
 Granary, Public, for use of 
 
 school, Ixxx 
 Graver, Walter, Ixiii, 160 
 Greaves, Thomas, Ixxiv, 
 
 306, 307 
 Greek at Oxford, xxxix, 42 
 , introduced by Arch- 
 bishop Theodore, iii 
 Gregory the Great, Augus- 
 tine's questions to, iv 
 — , Cura Pastoralis, xiv, 5 
 
 , Dialogues of, xiv, 3 
 
 , on Monks, v, vi, vii 
 
 Gregory IX., Statute of, 
 
 xliv 
 Grene, Harry, 221 
 
 , John, xli, 53 
 
 , Richard, 1, 85, 87, 88 
 
 , Thomas, 222, 224, 
 
 227 
 
 , William, 176 
 
 Grenebanck, John, 284 
 Griflfin, John, Ixxx, Ixxxii 
 Grimbald, xiv, 5 
 Grymley, W. of, xxxvi, 27 
 Guesten Hall, Parliament- 
 ary Survey of, Ixxi, 290 
 Guisborough Grammar 
 
 School, xiv 
 Gybbes (Gibbes), William, 
 201, 205, 220, 225, 226, 
 227, 229, 230, 231 
 Gyles, Nathaniel, 219 
 
 H 
 
 Habington, Thomas, xxvi 
 , A Survey of Worces- 
 tershire^ 182, 320 
 Hacket, Thomas, 285, 286 
 Hale, Archdeacon, xxi 
 
 , Priory Register, 22 
 
 Hales, Sir Christopher, 148 
 Hall, Edmond, 230 
 
 , Richard, 186, 233 
 
 Halverton, William, xxix, 
 
 '74 
 Hamilton, Mr. S. G., «c 
 
 Hamilton, Mr. S. G., Com- 
 putus Rolls of Priory of 
 Worcester, 52, 53, 54, 55, 
 
 61,75 
 Hampton, John, 1, liii, 88, 
 
 95, 101, 1 10 
 Hanbury, William, 159 
 Hankey, John, 160 
 Hardewyic, John, 93, 158 
 Hardinge, John, Ixxi, 290 
 Harricc (Harris), Hand- 
 
 burye, Ixxxix, 287, 321 
 Harward, John, Ixxxi 
 Haselock (Hasyllocke), 
 
 Richard, 154, 176 
 Hastings, John, 159 
 
 , Robert, 152, 153, 154 
 
 Hatfeld, J., xli, 52, 53 
 Hatherton, Richard, 223 
 Hawkins, John, 90 
 Headmaster, called High 
 
 Master in King's School, 
 
 Ixxi, 250 
 , called High Master in 
 
 Royal Grammar School, 
 
 Ixxxv, 213 
 
 , Position of, lix 
 
 , Requirements for, 
 
 Iviii, 124 
 
 , see Schoolmaster 
 
 Heape, Jacob, 315 
 
 Heath, Nicholas, Ivi, Ixv, 
 
 133 
 Helbarow, Richard, xxxi, 
 
 ■74 
 Hembury, Nicholas, 86 
 
 , Robert of, 50 
 
 Heming, Richard, 283 
 Hemming, William, 315 
 Hemmyng, Henry, 154 
 Henley Grammar School, 
 
 Master of, Ixxvii 
 Henry IV., xxviii 
 Henry VI., Ixii 
 Henry VIII., xxxv, xxxix, xl, 
 
 liv, Iv, Ivii, lix, Ixi, Ixiii, 
 
 Ixiv, 120, 121, 165 
 Hereford, John, xlvii, xlviii, 
 
 56, 57, 58. 59, 60, 61, 62 
 
 , Richard, 160 
 
 Heresy, trial for, Iii 
 Heresy-hunters, xlii, 62 
 Herfford, John, 153 
 Hertibury, Thomas, 55 
 Hertylbury, John. 78 
 Heughes, John, 159 
 Heynes, Anthony, 222 
 Heynys, Richard, 153 
 Heywood, Katherine, xxxiv, 
 
 218 
 Hibbins, John, 235 
 Hickes, Dean, Ixiv, Ixxv, 
 
 Ixxvi, 320 
 Higham Ferrers College, 
 
 lix
 
 336 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 High Master, see Head- 
 master 
 Hilda, Abbess, iii, i 
 Hillard, Mr. F. A., xc 
 Hoare, Mr., 245 
 
 , Richard, Ixxli, Ixxiii, 
 
 296 
 Hobby, Philip, 154 
 Hodynton, William, 75, 76, 
 
 80, 82, 100 
 Holbache, Henry, Ivi, Ixi, 
 
 161 
 Holcroft, Sir Henry, 289 
 Holley, Mr,, 321, 322 
 Holyman, Henry, xliv 
 Holyokej Henry, Ixxvi 
 
 , Thomas, Ix.xvi, 316 
 
 Homes, Robert, 237 
 Hoole, Charles, lx.xvii 
 Hope, William, 224, 227, 
 
 228 
 Hoper, Thomas, 91 
 Hopkins, Dr., Ixxvi, 320 
 
 , John. 307, 314 
 
 Horward (Harward), Hum- 
 fry, 219 
 Hostilar, Cly ve, William, 63 
 Hostilar's accounts, 6"^, 
 Huck(Hoock),Mr., Ixxxviii, 
 
 238, 240 
 Hughes (Hues), John 
 (Headmaster), Ixxxviii, 
 
 234 
 
 , (Usher), Ixxviii 
 
 Hughes, Robert, 321 
 
 , William, 284 
 
 Hull, John, 161 
 
 , Thomas, 100 
 
 Humfrey, John, 297 
 Huncks, John, 153, 154 
 
 , William, 160 
 
 Hunt, Richard, 218, 222, 
 
 224, 227 
 Hunte, Walter, 77 
 Hyckemans, Katherine, 222 
 Hyde, Abbot of, 68 
 
 , James, 309—313 
 
 , Mr. T., xc 
 
 Hymbulton, Henry, 159 
 
 I 
 
 Icomb, manor of, ixiii, 166 
 Illway (Yllevvay), John, 
 
 xlviii, 58 
 Income of Priory, liv, 113 
 Ingham, John, 236 
 Ingmathropp, Thomas, 219 
 Injunctions, Cranmer's, liv, 
 
 112 
 
 , Latimer's, Iv, 115 
 
 • , Laud's, Ixx, 246 
 
 — , Queen Elizabeth's, 
 
 Iviii, Ixvii, 201 
 
 Inquisitions of Charitable 
 Uses, Ixxii, Ixxvi, 291, 
 
 309 
 Inteberg, Hugo of, 27, 28 
 Ipswich College School, Ixi 
 Iryshe, John, 157 
 Ivyns, Henry, ifo 
 Ixworth, John, xxiv, 76 
 
 J 
 
 Jackson, John, 316 
 
 , Richard, 316 
 
 , William, 235 
 
 James, William, 231, 233 
 John, Bishop of Hexham, i 
 
 , Prior (1312), 35 
 
 , Prior (1423), 65 
 
 Johnson, Robert, 158 
 
 , Thomas, 176 
 
 , William, Ixiii, 160 
 
 Jokys, John, 152, 153 
 Jolyff (Joylyff), Henry, 158, 
 i6g 
 
 , Thomas, 160 
 
 Jones, Robert, Ixxvii, Ixxviii 
 
 , William, 179 
 
 Jonnes, Mr., Ixxxviii, 240 
 Justus, X 
 
 K 
 
 Kemshall, Richard of, 43 
 Keylwey, Robert, 178, 180 
 Kinglond, Roger, 86, 89 
 King's Norton School, 179 
 King's Scholars, Baptismal 
 
 certificate required for, 
 
 Ixxxi 
 
 , Election of, Ixvi, 185 
 
 , Exhibitions (school) 
 
 for, 245^ 
 , Exhibitions (univer- 
 sity), Ixxi, 169, 242, 250 
 , Exhibitions, Meeke, 
 
 Ixxvi, 307—313 
 , List of, Ixiv, Ixxiii, 
 
 160, 170, 184, 252 — 282 
 , Nomination of, Ixiv, 
 
 169 — 171 
 , Orders for, Ixix, Ixxiv, 
 
 246, 318 — 320 
 , Payments to, Iviii, 
 
 Ixxii, Ixxxii, Ixxxiii, Ixxxiv, 
 
 160, 169, 243 
 , Social position of, 
 
 Ixii, 147 
 King's School, Breakages 
 
 in, Ixxxiii 
 , Curriculum for, Ix, 
 
 Ixxvi, 131 
 , Declaiming at, Ixxiv, 
 
 314 
 
 King's School during Civil 
 War and Common- 
 wealth, Ixxii, 287 
 
 , Endownaent of, Ivi, xc, 
 
 "9. 317 
 , First Master appoint- 
 ed, Ixi, 120 
 , Hours kept, Ixxix, 
 
 Ixxxiii 
 , Injunctions for, Ixvi, 
 
 201 
 , List of Masters, 
 
 ushers and choristers' 
 
 masters, 219 
 , Numbers in, Ixviii, 
 
 Ixx, lx.xvii, Ixxix, Ixxxiv, 
 
 248 
 , Play acted at, Ixxiv, 
 
 314 
 , Removal of, Ixix, Ixx, 
 
 246 
 , Repairs at, 249, 250, 
 
 306, 316 
 
 , Speech day, Ixxiv 
 
 , Statutes for, Ivi, I2g 
 
 — 133. 300 
 
 , Title of, Ixiv 
 
 , Visitation of, 241 
 
 , Window-mending at, 
 
 306 
 Kirton, Edmund, 73 
 Kitcheners, see under 
 
 names : — 
 
 Hertibury, Thomas 
 Grafton, Humphrey 
 
 Lady Chapel, boys of the, 
 xlvii, xlviii, 85, 87, 88, go, 
 
 95.99 
 
 ■ , Teacher of the, Hii, 95 
 
 Lady Chapel, Organist, 
 
 xlix, 1, liii, 87, 88, 90 
 , secular clerks in, 56, 
 
 85 
 , Wardens' accounts, 
 
 xlvii, 56 — 60, 61, 64 
 Lake, Dean Arthur, Ixv, 
 
 Ixix, 183, 243 
 Lanfranc, Archbishop, xiii 
 Lang, Andrew, Ix 
 Langeford, William, 153 
 Langford, Mr., 239 
 Langley, William, .xxxiv, 
 
 205, 217, 220, 222 — 228 
 Latimer, Bishop, Injunc- 
 tions of, Iv, 115 
 Laud, Archbishop, Ixi.x, L\x, 
 
 Lxxiii, 300 
 
 , Visitation of, 246 
 
 Laurence, Dr., 249 
 Laurentius, Archbishop, x, 
 
 xii
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 337 
 
 Laverne (Lawerne), John, 
 Ixi, 158, 164 
 
 Lea, George, 322 
 
 Leach, A. F., Educational 
 Charters, xlvii, 5 
 
 — — , English Schools at the 
 Reformation, 175, 177, 
 178 
 
 , Victoria County His- 
 tory for Gloucestershire, 
 xxxvi 
 
 , Victoria County His- 
 tory for Somerset, 1 
 
 , Victoria County His- 
 tory for Worcestershire, 
 Ixxxiv, xc 
 
 Lechmere. Philip, 157 
 
 Ledbury, Edward, 159 
 
 , Isaac, xliii, 81, 82 
 
 , Thomas, xlii, 65, 66, 
 
 69. 73. 75 
 Lcdington, Robert, xxxi, 
 
 201, 220, 225 
 Ledwell, John, xxviii 
 Lee, Thomas de la, xli, 45 
 Lenchwyke, rectory of, Ixiii, 
 
 166 
 Leominster, John of, 48 
 Levett, Dr., 320 
 Lewis, Henry, xxvi 
 Leyntwardeyne, Hugh, 79 
 Library, Cathedral, i, xxvi, 
 
 Ixix. Ixxxi, 247 
 
 , Public, XXV 
 
 Lincoln Grammar School, 
 
 xviii 
 Livery, xlvii, xlviii, xlix, liv, 
 
 Iviii, 46, 49, 56, 57, 58, 
 
 85, 87, 99, 104, III, 126 
 Living given to School- 
 master, 251, 307 
 London, St. Martin'sSchool, 
 
 li 
 , St. Mary-le-Bow 
 
 School, li 
 . St. Paul's School, see 
 
 St'. Paul's 
 
 , Stephen of, xix, 23 
 
 Longmore, Mr., 315 
 Lovecock, William, 48 
 Loxley, Richard, 153 
 Ludlow, William, 79 
 Luskyns, John, 159 
 Lygh, Richard, 157 
 Lygons, John, Ixii, 160 
 Lyste (Lister), Richard, 
 
 158, 164 
 Lyvesey, Robert, 97 
 
 M 
 
 Macclesfield 
 School, Ixiii 
 
 Grammar 
 
 Machyn, Robert, 159 
 Madley, Roger, 235 
 Magdalen Hall, see under 
 
 Oxford 
 Magwicke, Jonathan, 309 — 
 
 313 
 Malmesbury, Abbey, xxxviii 
 
 , Abbot of, 68 
 
 , Richard Singer of, 
 
 , William of, xii, xvi 
 
 Malvern, John, xli, xlii, 52, 
 
 62, 63 
 Manchester Grammar 
 
 School, Ixxi, Ixxxv 
 Manors, surrender of, 165, 
 
 167 
 Margett, Edward, 160 
 Marston, Robert, Ixxxix, 
 
 2S5, 286 
 Marten, Nicholas, 289 
 Mary, Queen, xx.\iii, Ixiii, 
 
 Ixv, Ixvi 
 Mason, William, 107 
 Master, Robert, 240 
 Masters, Six, see Governors 
 Maundy, x.xii, xxiii, 22, 49, 
 
 99, 100, 103 
 Maye, Mr., Ixvii, 219 
 Meddows, John, Ixxiii 
 Medens (Madens), 
 
 Ixxvii, Ixxviii, 317 
 Meeke, Christopher, 
 
 310 
 
 , John, Ixxvi, 307 — 313 
 
 Mellitus, X 
 
 Merchant Taylors' School, 
 
 Master of, Ixxiii, 300 
 Merson (Marson), Harry, 
 
 225, 228, 239 
 Merton College, see under 
 
 Oxford 
 Meyrigg, Rouland, 201 
 Michelnaye, John of, 46 
 Michelney, Abbot of, 68 
 Mildenhall, Thomas, xlvi, 
 
 93 
 Mildmaye, Walter, 168, 178, 
 
 180, 198 
 Miles, Thomas, Ixxviii 
 Milton's Tractate on Educa- 
 tion, Ixxvii 
 Minor Canonry given 
 
 Headmaster, Ixxviii 
 Minor Canons, see 
 names : — 
 
 Benett, William 
 Betterly, William 
 Bradwas, Thomas 
 Hanbury, William 
 Hardwyck, John 
 Hymbulton, Henry 
 Multon, John 
 Oswald, Thomas 
 Shypston, Nicholas 
 
 Mr., 
 
 309. 
 
 to 
 
 Minor Canons; — 
 
 Wolverleyc, William 
 Wotton, Thomas 
 Minstreworth, Roger of, 50 
 Molens, William, 1 14 
 Molton, Robert, 114 
 Monde, Thomas, 153 
 Monks as scholars, see 
 
 Scholar-monks 
 
 1 learned, xliv 
 
 Moore, Thomas, 238 
 More, Edward, 238 
 
 , John, 159 
 
 , Thomas, Alderman, 
 
 xc 
 
 , William, 107 
 
 Mores, Lewis, 154, 164 
 (Morris), Roger, 100, 
 
 IS3 
 Morison, Richard, 134 
 Morton, Nicholas, xli, 49, 
 
 50,51 
 Moss, William, 47 
 Motton, John, 105 
 Mouslowe, John, 221 
 Mowle (Mould), Henry, 
 
 Ixvii, Ixviii, Ixix, Ixxi, 220 
 
 243,251 
 Moye, Richard, gi 
 Moyle, Thomas, 168 
 Moystone, Mrs. Francis, 
 
 Ixvi, 184 
 
 , Richard, 184 
 
 Multon, John, 158 
 
 , Robert, 80, 83, 88, 89 
 
 Myddelmore, Henry, 160 
 
 N 
 
 Naish (Nashe), John, 285, 
 
 286, 287 
 Naishe, Richard, 231, 233 
 Neckham, Roger, xxvi, Ixi, 
 
 158, 164 
 Nethwey, John, Ixxxix, 286, 
 
 287 
 Newall, Thomas, i6o 
 New College, see tinder 
 
 Oxford 
 Nevvdick, Mr., Ixxxvii, 232 
 Newes, Thomas, 104 
 Newton, John, 91 
 Noake, xvii, Iv, Ixii, Ixiv, 
 
 Ixv, Ixvi, Ixviii, Ixxi, Ixxiii, 
 
 Ixxvii, Ixxxix 
 Norman, John, 159 
 
 , Thomas, 159 
 
 Northampton, Hugh of, 
 
 xxiii, 34 
 Norton, Richard, xxvii, 173 
 Novice, a scholar at Oxford, 
 
 41 
 Novices, xlv 
 Novices' School, ii 
 
 X X
 
 338 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 O 
 
 Oblates, xvi 
 
 Oftfor, Bishop, iii, xiv 
 Ogle (Ocle, Ogull), Richard, 
 
 xxvi, xxviii, 90 
 Oley, Rev. Barnabas, 300 
 Olyver, John, xxix — xxxii, 
 
 ■76, 177, 178, 180, 188 — 
 
 201 
 Organ, buying of, 95 
 
 , removal of, 250 
 
 Organist, Cathedral, 300 
 of Lady Chapel, see 
 
 under names : — 
 Boyse, Daniel 
 Grene, Richard 
 Hampton, John 
 Oriel College, see under 
 
 Oxford 
 Osbern, xii 
 Oseney, Abbot of, xlii 
 Osric, King, iii, i 
 Oswald, St., iv, XV, 8 — 17 
 
 , Thomas, 158 
 
 Oustone, William, 54, 56 
 Owen, Thomas, Ixviii, 242 
 Oxford, All Souls' College, 
 
 xliv, Ixiii, 307, 314 
 — — ■, Balliol College, Ixvii, 
 
 Ixxxix 
 , Brasenose College, 
 
 Ixvi, Ixvii 
 , Christ Church, Ixix, 
 
 Ixxi, Ixxvi, Ixxxi, 28S 
 
 , Clerks at, 45 
 
 , Corpus Christi Col- 
 lege, xliv 
 
 , Divinity School at, 73 
 
 , Exeter College, Ixii, 
 
 Ixxvii, Ixxxviii 
 , Gloucester College, 
 
 xxxvii — xxxix, xlii, Iv, 38, 
 
 52, 63, 65 
 , Lincoln College, 
 
 Ixxviii, Ixxxiii 
 , Magdalen Hall, Ixxiii, 
 
 Ixxvi, Ixxviii, Ixxxviii, 307 
 
 —313. 320 
 , Merton College, xl, 
 
 xlii, Ixxviii, 42 
 , Merton College 
 
 School, xlv 
 , New College, xlii, xliv, 
 
 Iviii, Ixix, Ixxv 
 , Non-attendance of 
 
 monks at, xliii, 65, 73 
 
 , Novice at, 41 
 
 , Oriel College, Ixxvii 
 
 , Pembroke College, 
 
 Ixxi, Ixxiii 
 , St. Edmund Hall, 
 
 Ixxxiii 
 , Scholar-monks at, 
 
 xxxvi — xliv, Iv, 26 — 29, 
 
 35, 38, 44, 46—56, 60— 
 64,75, 79,81—83,86,89, 
 
 99, 100, lOI, 104, III 
 Scholar-monks, Prior 
 
 of, 69 
 , Scholars at, Ixiii, Ixxvi, 
 
 129, 150, 160, 165, 169, 
 
 243, 307,314 
 , Teacher of Greek at, 
 
 xxxix, 42 
 
 , Trinity College, Ixxix 
 
 , Wadham College, 
 
 Ixxvii, Ixxxii 
 , Worcester College, 
 
 Ixxix, Ixxx, Ixxxi 
 
 Page, John, 91, 96 
 
 , W., Ixxiii, 300 
 
 Pakyngton, Lady, xxxiii, 
 
 187, 218, 222 
 
 , Sir John, 176 
 
 Palfreman, Robert, 60 
 Palik, Walter, xxxvi 
 Paris University, xix, xx 
 , testimonial from, 
 
 xxxviii, 35 
 Parliamentary Survey, Ixxi, 
 
 288 
 Parry, little, xlviii, 58 
 Parsons, William, 153 
 Parton (Perton), Thomas, 
 
 xxxi, 174, 176 
 Parys, Richard, xxviii 
 Pates, Richard, 201 
 Patricke, Nathaniel, 220 
 Paulinus, x 
 Payne, Robert, 159 
 Pembroke College, see under 
 
 Oxford 
 Percival, Sir John, Ixiii 
 Peres, John, 160 
 Perrins, Mr. Dyson, xc 
 Pershore monastery, xxxiv, 
 
 Ivii, 219 
 Perte, John, 156 
 Peryam, Sir William, Ixiv 
 Peterborough monastery, 18 
 Pether (Fathers), John, Ixii, 
 
 Ixiv, 120, 160, 169, 172, 
 
 182 
 Phillippes, Richard, 160 
 Pigun, William, xlv 
 Pilch, Walter, 26, 27 
 Pisteler, The, Ivi, Iviii, Ixi, 
 
 .'59 
 Pixall, Thomas, Ixxviii 
 Play-ground abolished, Ixxix 
 Plegmund, Archbishop, xiv, 
 
 3 
 Plummer, C, iii, ix, xi, i 
 Pocock (Pocoke), John, 289, 
 
 297 
 
 Poor, see Almspeople 
 
 Portal, Mr., 186 
 
 Porte, John, 179 
 
 Porter, William James, 
 
 Ixxxi 
 Potter, Charles, Ixx, 248 
 Powell, Richard, 182 
 
 , William, 221 
 
 Power, William, 51, 52, 54, 
 
 55 
 Pratte, Henry, 152 
 Precentors, see under 
 names: — 
 
 Stanes, Robert 
 Wulstan 
 Prestewood, Thomas, 218 
 Preston, John of, xli, 45 
 Price, John, 240 
 Prichcroft (Pitchcroft), 
 
 XXXV, Ixxxviii, 217, 221, 
 240 
 Prior of students at Cam- 
 bridge, 69 
 
 at Oxford, 52, 66, 69, 
 
 74; see under names: — 
 Everard 
 
 Ledbury, Thomas 
 Kirton, Edmund 
 Prior, scholar-monk elected, 
 
 62 
 Prior's Maundy, xxii, 22 
 Priors, see under names: — 
 Fordam, John 
 Gainsborough, William 
 
 of 
 John (1312) 
 John (1423) 
 Malvern, John 
 Mildenhall, Thomas 
 More, William 
 Palfreman, Robert 
 Thomas (1468) 
 Wulstan 
 Pritchett, Samuel. Ixxviii 
 Prizes at King's School, 
 
 Ixxxiii 
 Proctor, Richard, gi 
 Pulton, Bishop Thomas, 
 
 xxiv, 76 
 Pursglove, Robert, xliv 
 Pyers, Robert, 154 
 Pygeon, John, i5o 
 Pynnyngton, John, xxvi, 
 xxviii, 90 
 
 Raine's Historians of 
 Church of York, 8, 12 
 
 Ramsey, school at, 13 
 
 Randolph, Henry, see 
 Mowle 
 
 Rawlins, Philip, 89 
 
 Rayneshani, Nicholas, 157
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 339 
 
 Read, Richard, 289 
 
 Royal Grammar School, 
 
 Reade, Mr., 232 
 
 Speech Day, l-xxxviii. 
 
 Redyng, John, 159 
 
 Ixxxix 
 
 Ree, John, 179 
 
 , Status of, Ixxxv 
 
 , William, xlviii, 58, 60, 
 
 Statutes, Ixxxv, Ixxxvi, 
 
 61,62 
 
 213—216 
 
 Refectory, Ixix, Ixx 
 
 Rufianus, X 
 
 Reydon, Erkenvvald, 159 
 
 Rugby School, Ixxvi 
 
 Reyner, Clement, Apostu- 
 
 Russell, James, 159 
 
 latus Benedictinorum in 
 
 , William, 153 
 
 Anglia, 65 
 
 
 Reynolds, Bishop Walter, 
 
 
 xxiii, 34 
 
 s 
 
 , Dr., 300 
 
 
 Richards, Harry, 315 
 
 Sackvile (Sakevyle), Rich- 
 
 Richardson (misprinted 
 
 ard, 168, 192 
 
 Robinson, p. xxxiv), Co- 
 
 Sacrist, xxv, 20, 75, 159 
 
 nan, xxxiv, 197, 218 
 
 , Alchurche, Robert, 
 
 , Stephen, Ixxiii, 298 
 
 106 
 
 Riche, Sir Richard, Ixi, 120, 
 
 , Clive, John, 75 
 
 148 
 
 St. Alban's, Abbot of, xliv. 
 
 Roberts, Thomas, Ixxv, 315, 
 
 xlv 
 
 316 
 
 , Almonry boys at, 
 
 Robotham, Robert, 188 
 
 xlvii 
 
 Robyns, John, 179 
 
 — Grammar School, xlv 
 
 Robynson, Mr., xxxi, 181 
 
 St. German, John of, xxxviii. 
 
 RochesterCathedral School, 
 
 35.39 
 
 Headmaster of, Ixxxiii 
 
 St. Michael's - in - Bedwar- 
 
 Rochester, Henry, Bishop 
 
 dine, Ixv 
 
 of, 148, 149, 156, 157, 164 
 
 St. Nicholas Church, rector 
 
 Rocke School, 179 
 
 of, 23 
 
 RoUand (Rowlande) alias 
 
 St. Nicholas of Myra, 
 
 Steyner, John, 199, 205, 
 
 legend of, xx 
 
 220, 225, 226, 23:, 233, 
 
 Parish, school in, xxvii, 
 
 236, 238, 240 
 
 179 
 
 Rome, scholar going to, 60 
 
 St. Paul's School, xliv, li. 
 
 Rotherham, Archbishop, lix 
 
 Ixxi, Ixxviii, Ixxxv 
 
 , College, lix 
 
 St. Wolstan's Hospital, 
 
 Rowell, John, 233 
 
 xxvi 
 
 Rows, Sir Thomas, 291 
 
 Saffron Walden School, Ixi 
 
 Royal Grammar School, 
 
 Sampson, Abbot, xxiii. 
 
 Blue boys at, xc 
 
 xxxviii 
 
 , Declaimingat, Ixxxviii, 
 
 Sancte Lucie, Cardinal 
 
 Ixxxix, 285, 322, 323 
 
 Francis, xxiv 
 
 during Civil War and 
 
 Sanders, Robert, Ixxxii, 
 
 Commonwealth, Ixxxviii, 
 
 Ixxxiii 
 
 283 
 
 Sandford, Thomas, 237 
 
 , Endowment of, xxxiv, 
 
 Sandys, Bishop Edwin, 
 
 Ixxxvi, xc, 217 
 
 Visitation of, 241 
 
 , Fall and rise, xc 
 
 Saunders, Henry, 179 
 
 , First Governors of. 
 
 Savage, Mr., 232 
 
 205 
 
 Scholar-monks, see under 
 
 , Hours kept, Ixxxvi, 
 
 Oxford 
 
 216 
 
 Scholars, Almonry, see Al- 
 
 House, purchase of, 
 
 monry 
 
 Ixxxvii 
 
 , King's, see King's 
 
 House, rent of, xxxiii, 
 
 Scholars 
 
 187 
 
 School, see Almonry, Gram- 
 
 
 mar, King's, RoyalGram- 
 
 master and Usher 
 
 mar, Trinity Gild 
 
 , Orders for mainten- 
 
 Schoolmaster, Almonry, 
 
 ance of scholars, 297 
 
 xlvi, li, 92, 93, 95, 97 
 
 , Re-foundation of, 203 
 
 , Boy-monks', xvi, 17 
 
 , Repairs at, 229, 231, 
 
 , Chapel boys', xlviii, 1, 
 
 237, 240, 284 
 
 58, 60, 61, 90, 95, 100, 102 
 
 Schoolmaster, Almonry, 
 Choristers', Iviii, 149,304 
 
 Schoolmaster, City Gram- 
 mar, appointments of, 
 xxiii, xxiv, lii, 34, 76, 98 
 
 , dispute with Rector 
 
 of St. Nicholas, xix, 23 
 
 , Maundy paid to, xxii, 
 
 22 
 
 , Payments to, xxxi, 
 
 xxxii, xxxiii, 99, i ii 
 
 , Pension of, xxx, 180 
 
 , Subscription to Sub- 
 sidy, xxviii, 90 
 
 Schoolmaster, Grammar for 
 junior monks', 1 12 
 
 Schoolmaster, King's 
 School, Admission on 
 probation, l.xxviii 
 
 , Admonition of, Ixiv, 
 
 Ixxv, 171, 319 
 
 , Appointment of, Ixii, 
 
 120, 296, 306 
 
 , Augmentation of pay, 
 
 Ixix, Ixxxiii, 245, 296 
 
 , Dismissal of, 286 
 
 , Dissension among, 
 
 Ixxix 
 
 , Epitaphs on, Ixv, 
 
 Ixviii, Ixxiii, 182,244,299 
 
 , Funeral expenses of, 
 
 Ixxv, 315 
 
 , House of, Ixx, Ixxi, 
 
 Ixxiii. I.xxviii, Ix.xx, 250, 
 290,296,298,314,315,320 
 
 , Librarianship given 
 
 to, Ixxviii 
 
 , Minor Canonry given 
 
 to, Ixxvii 
 
 , Orders for mainten- 
 ance of, 296 
 
 — — , Payments to, Iviii, lix, 
 Ixii, Ixxii, Ix.xxii, Ixxxiv, 
 127, 149, 160, 172, 186, 
 292, 296, 297, 301, 304, 
 306, 307, 314—317 
 
 Schoolmaster, Royal 
 Grammar School, Ad- 
 mission on probation, 
 Ixxxv 
 
 , Admonition of, I.xxxix 
 
 , Agreement with City 
 
 Council, 181 
 
 , Appointment of, 
 
 Ixxxviii, 285, 286, 287, 
 296, 321 
 
 , Augmentation of pay, 
 
 lx.xxviii 
 
 , Epitaph on, Ixxiii, 
 
 299 
 
 , Payments to, Ixxxv, 
 
 Ixxxvii, Ixxxviii, Ixxxix, 
 186, 187, 221, 222, 226, 
 228, 231, 232, 234, 236, 
 238, 240, 285, 321
 
 34° 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Schoolmaster, Song, liii, 
 
 95. 107 
 Schoolmasters at Broms- 
 grove, 179 
 
 , Evesham, 179 
 
 , King's Norton, 
 
 179 
 
 , Rocke, 179 
 
 , St, Nicholas, 179 
 
 Schools, Parliamentary pro- 
 vision for, Ixxi, 2S8 
 Scobell, Henry, Acts and 
 
 Ordinances, 287, 28S 
 Scudamore (Skewdamour), 
 
 John, 162, 176 
 Secular clergy, learning of, 
 
 xiv 
 Selby, John, 73 
 Selling, Prior of Canter- 
 bury, xliv 
 Sempringham, Prior of, xlv 
 Sentleger, Sir Anthony, 
 
 148' 
 Severn Bridge, xxix, 177 
 Sharmon, Richard, 284 
 Shawe, John, 235 
 Shekell, John, 62 
 Sheldon, Richard, 197 
 
 , William, 176, iSo 
 
 Sherman, Roger, 233 
 Sherwood, Capt. Thomas, 
 
 297 
 Shirley, Thomas Howard, 
 
 Ixxxi 
 Shrewsbury School, Head- 
 master of, Ixxii 
 Shypston, Nicholas, 158 
 Sigebert, King, iii 
 Sigeric, Archbishop, ix 
 Silvervvood, Capt. John, 297, 
 
 298 
 Simondes, Mr., 239 
 Singing School, Ixxi, 2gi 
 Skinner, William, 289 
 Skynner, William, 159 
 Slater, Benjamin, Ixxvii 
 Smethewyk, John, 82, 83 
 Smith, Richard, 307 
 
 , Thomas, Ixxviii 
 
 Smyth, Henry, 250 
 
 , Hugh, 223 
 
 , John, 154 
 
 , William, Hi 
 
 Sodeleie, J., 54 
 Southwell Minster, Scholar- 
 ships at, Ixxv 
 Sparkman (Spakeman), 
 Thomas, Ixxxvii, Ixxxviii, 
 232 
 Spellesbury, George, no, 
 
 ■57 
 Staff of Cathedral a.d. 
 
 1544, 122 
 Stafford, William, Ixxxi 
 Stanes, Robert, 53 
 
 Stanford, Roger, Ixi, 106, 
 
 158, 164 
 Staple, Richard, 242 
 Statutes of Cathedral 
 
 Church, Ivi, 121 — 147 
 corrected by Charles 1 1 . 
 
 300 
 Steel, William, 289 
 Stephen of London, xix, 23 
 Stephens, Thomas, Ixxiii, 
 
 306, 307 
 Stevenson, W. H., Asser's 
 
 Life of A Ifrefl, 3 
 Steward, Dr., Ixx, 247 
 Steyner, William, see Rol- 
 
 land 
 Stigand, Archbishop, xiii 
 Stile, William, 233 
 Stillingfleet, Bishop, lix 
 Stinton, George, 238, 240 
 Stipends of Dean and 
 
 Canons, 122 
 
 Schoolmasters, see 
 
 Schoolmaster and Usher 
 
 Servants, 127 
 
 Stirrup (Starop, Starrop, 
 
 Sturope), Robert, 283, 
 
 284, 285, 286 
 Stokys, John, 153 
 Stone, Richard, xxviii, xxix, 
 
 176, 181 
 Stratford, John, 54 
 
 , John, Almoner, 92 
 
 Stratford-on-Avon, Gild of, 
 
 xxvii 
 
 School, Ix 
 
 Streete, Francis, 230, 231, 
 
 233, 236 
 Stret, Mr., 222 
 Strype, John, Ixii, 147 
 , Memorials of Cran- 
 
 mer, 147 
 Stubbs, Bishop, iv 
 Sturges, Richard, 308 — 313 
 Sturley, Harry, 222 
 Stylfield, Henry, lOl 
 Styvynton, Roger of, 41 
 Sudbury, John, 81 
 Suit in Court of Requests, 
 
 xxxi, 188 — 201 
 Sutebolte, William, 160 
 Sutton, Godfrey, 160 
 
 , Lewis, 160 
 
 Swyfte, John, xxxiv, 219 
 Sydenham, R., 297 
 
 T 
 
 Tatfrid, Bishop, iii, 2 
 Tavistock, Abbot of, 68, 73 
 Taylor, James, 286, 287 
 
 , Thomas, Ixix, Ixxi, 
 
 220, 245, 251 
 Tenbury, R., 49 
 Tenths, xxxix, 42 
 
 Tetbury, Stephen, 49 
 Theodore, Archbishop, iii, 
 
 iv, I 
 Theology, inception in, 
 
 xxxvii, xliii, 35, 52, 75 
 , lectureship in, xxxviii, 
 
 29 
 Thomas, Prior, 84 
 Thomas' Survey of Cathe- 
 dral Church of Worcester, 
 
 19, 182 
 Thornhill, Mrs., 245 
 Thorowgood, Sir John, 289, 
 
 296, 297, 298 
 Thorpe, Benjamin, 17 
 Tideswell Grammar School, 
 
 xlv 
 Tolly, Thomas, 221 
 ToUye, John, 159 
 Tombes (Toms), John, 
 
 Ixxiv, 314, 315, 316 
 Tomb-keeper, loi 
 
 , Calaman, Richard, 103 
 
 , Stanford, Roger, 106 
 
 Tomes, John, xxxiii, 187, 
 
 226, 228 
 Tomkins, Nathaniel, 291 
 , Thomas, Ixx, Ixxi, 220, 
 
 247, 248, 291 
 Tomkyns, John, 242 
 Tompson, Oliver, 221 
 Toulmin Smith, xxvi, Ivii 
 Tovy, William, 153 
 Towson, Thomas, 160 
 Toy, John, 245,285 
 , Schoolmaster, Ixxi, 
 
 Ixxiii, 298, 299 
 Tracie, Richard, 147 
 Treasurers, see names : — 
 Archbold, John 
 Ewer, Richard 
 Hall, Richard 
 Jolyff, Henry 
 Trinity Almshouses, Ixxxvii, 
 
 186, 220 
 Trinity College, Cambridge, 
 
 see under Cambridge 
 Hall, see under Cam- 
 bridge 
 Trinity Gild, xxix, Ixv, 172 
 
 — 181 
 
 Hall, xxix, 174, 181 
 
 — — , School endowed by, 
 
 xxvi — xxxi, 175, 1 88 
 
 School, Suit about, 
 
 188—201 
 
 Turner (misprinted Arne, 
 p. 286), Roger, Ixxxix, 
 286, 287 
 Tyburton, Richard, 64 
 Tydyngton, manor of, Ixiii, 
 
 166 
 Tyler, John, 157 
 Tylye, Thomas, 154 
 Tyndale, William, 160
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 341 
 
 U 
 
 University scholars, Ixiii, 
 
 165. 242 
 Urbicus, Abbot, vi 
 Usher, King's School, 
 
 Admonition of, 171 
 , Appointment of, Ixix, 
 
 296, 299,306,319 
 
 , House of, Ixix, 243, 291 
 
 , List of, 219 
 
 , Payments to, Iviii, 
 
 Ixxxii, Ixxxiii, Ixxxiv, 169, 
 
 298, 301, 306, 307, 314, 
 
 316,317 
 , Requirements for, 
 
 Iviii, 125 
 Usher, Royal Grammar 
 
 School, Appointment of, 
 
 187, 233, 286 
 , Payments to, Ixxxvii, 
 
 Ixxxviii, Ixxxix, 226, 228, 
 
 231, 232, 234, 236, 238, 
 
 321, 322 
 Usher, Thomas, 249 
 
 Valor Ecclesiasticus, xxvii, 
 
 liv, 1 13 
 Vienne, Henry of, xxiv 
 Vigornian, The, xv, xviii 
 Visitation, Cranmer's, liv, 
 
 112 
 
 , Laud's, 246 
 
 , Queen Elizabeth's, 
 
 Ixvi, 201 
 
 , Sandys', 241 
 
 , Song for, xlix, 85 
 
 Vyner, Hugh, 235 
 
 W 
 
 Wabler, Robert, 159 
 
 Wakefield, Bishop Henry 
 of, xix 
 
 Walker, Francis, Ixxii, 298 
 
 . John, 307, 310 
 
 , Josephus, Ixxiv, 314 
 
 Wall, John, 294 
 
 Walsgrove (Wallesgrave, 
 Willesgrove), Thomas 
 alias Fleete, 205,220, 225, 
 226, 227, 230, 231, 233, 
 236, 237, 238 
 
 Walter, John, 153 
 
 , William, 164 
 
 Walw)'n (Waiewan), Wil- 
 liam, xliii, 83 
 
 Wardens of Lady Chapel, 
 see names : — 
 
 Broughton, William 
 Clyfton, William 
 
 Wardens of Lady Chapel, 
 
 see names: — 
 Dene, William 
 Dudley, juhn 
 Gloucester, John 
 Hardewyk, John 
 Ludlow, William 
 Motion, John 
 Oustone, William 
 Whytechurche, John 
 Worcester, John 
 Warmstie, Dean, 300 
 Warner, John, 100 
 Warold, Richard, 159 
 Warren, Abbot of St. 
 
 Alban's, xliv 
 Watson, John, 307 
 Waynflete, William, lii 
 Weaver, Henry, Ixxi, 250 
 Webbe, George, 200 
 
 , Peter, xxv, 90 
 
 Webley, Henry, 164 
 
 , Humphrey, Ixi, 158, 
 
 164 
 Wells, Almonry boys at, 1 
 Wellys, Henry, 160 
 Welnesford, Edward, 160 
 Wenlock, Walter of, ,29, 31 
 Werfrith, Bishop, xiv, 3, 5 
 Werwulf, xiv, 3 
 West, Francis, 289 
 Westminster, Abbey, xliv 
 , Almonry boys at, 
 
 xlvii 
 School, xxii, Ivii, Ixxvi, 
 
 Ixxvii, 182, 288 
 , William, Abbot of, 
 
 xxxviii, 65, 68 
 Weston, Robert of, 44, 48 
 Wheeler, Allen, Ixxxii, 
 
 Ixxxiii 
 Wheller, Richard, 200 
 Whethampstead, John, 74 
 Whiston, Robert, Ixxxiii 
 Whitby, Abbot of, 73 
 Whitefoot, Thomas, Ixxviii 
 
 , Ixxxix, 287, 321, 322 
 
 Whiteladies, building at, 
 
 Ixxxvii, 226 
 
 , tenths of, 234 
 
 Whyngle, Sir Thomas, 79 
 Whytechurche, John, 61 
 Wigfall, John, 237 
 Wilfrid, Bishop of York, 
 
 xiii, I 
 William the Singer, loi , 104 
 Williams, Humfry, 245 
 Willoughby, Edward, 154 
 
 , George, 176 
 
 Willson, George, Ixxxix, 
 
 321, 322 
 Wilson, Canon James 
 
 Maurice, i, xiv, xxxvi, xc 
 , Accounts 0/ the Priory, 
 
 IQ3 
 
 Wilson, Canon James 
 Maurice, Early Compu- 
 tus Rolls, 42 
 Winchester Cathedral, 8 
 
 College, xliv, Ivii, lix, 
 
 Ixi, Ixii, Ixix, Ixxvi, Ixxvii, 
 Ixxxv, 288 
 
 , Headmaster of, li, lii 
 
 , History of, ii 
 
 , Scholars' Register, xiv 
 
 Windows, Cloister, 315,316 
 
 , mending of, 237, 240, 
 
 284,317 
 Winter, Mr., 232 
 Wolsey, Cardinal, Ixi 
 Wolverley, manor of, Ixxii, 
 
 291 
 Wolverleye, William, 158, 
 
 163 
 Woodwarde, Ralph, 239 
 Worcester, Florence of, ix, 
 xii, xvi 
 
 , Chronicle, 17 
 
 Worcester, John, 59 
 Wormington, John, Ixxix 
 
 , William, Ixxix, Ixxx 
 
 Wotton, Thomas, 158 
 Wright, John, Ixxiii, Ixxiv, 
 Ixxv, Ixxvii, 299, 307,314, 
 
 319 
 
 , Thomas, 175 
 
 Wryght, Humphrey, 160 
 
 Wrytte, Nicholas, 160 
 
 Wulfald, 8 
 
 Wulfgeof, 18 
 
 Wulstan, Bishop, xvi, 17, 18 
 
 , Prior, 42 
 
 Wych, Thomas, 27, 28 
 Wyk, John of, 29 
 Wykeham, William of, Iviii, 
 
 Ixii 
 Wylde, John, 160 
 
 , Chief Baron, 191 
 
 (Wilde), Thomas, 
 
 XXXV, 176, 198, 199, 217, 
 
 220 
 Wylloughby, George, 153 
 Wynforton, Walter of, 49, 50 
 Wynsin, xvi, 9, 14 
 Wynsor, Thomas, 221 
 Wyott, Ralph, 159 
 Wyseham, Ralph, 87 
 Wythies, Humfry, 290 
 
 Ylleway, see Illway 
 
 Yong, Richard, 289 
 
 Yonge, Thomas, 201 
 
 York, Bosa of, xiii 
 
 Yowll (Youle), Robert, XXX, 
 xxxii, x.xxiv, 176, 181, 186, 
 199, 205, 218, 221, 223 
 
 Yo.xall, Jacob, 239 
 
 , Richard, 221
 
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