^^«»safiraaBI^., Compilation of Fire Insurance Statistics &c Glover. IMPORTED BY ^HE SPECTATOR COMPANY, NEW YORK. IMPORTERS, PUBLISHERS, \nd Deai.rrs in Insurance Works of All Kinds. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/compilationoffirOOglovrich COMPILATION OF FIRE INSURANCE STATISTICS UPON THE BEST AND MOST EXPEDITIOUS METHODS, PRACTICALLY AND COMPREHENSIVELY EXPLAINED; TOGETHER WITH FULL INSTRUCTIONS FOR KEEPING BOOKS OF RES- PECTIVE FIRE DEPARTMENTS, BY NEW AND IMPROVED ECONOMICAL SYSTEMS; AND APPENDIX. BY T. R. GLOVEB LIVERPOOL : PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM POTTER, 30, EXCHANGE STREET EAST. 18 7 8. t^vV' JH-J i 'i 1 O .'< .'.. ' i . (' TO MY FIRST SUBSCRIBER CHARLES G. FOTHERGILL, Esq., MANAGER OF THE LONDON AND LANCASHIRE FIRE OFFICE, WITH T. R. glover's SINCERE RESPECT, GRATITUDE, AND ESTEEM. 2853-/6 UiiL:n'.yiU ..yiJ .LLlivvr:' ;. 1'; k£ ,j ■ini I:.- ■■■ /\aX£:v J J. :vj'K I'n .j. i^'-' :^Av.:'i 'la.}'- IV" PREFACE. In soliciting the Fire Insurance Offices to take copies of this ' Work, for its publication by subscription, the Author was circumscribed in the number that would be likely to assist him in ^ving to the Offices generally the benefit of the systems here explained, hence the necessity of ^10 10s. per Copy being charged. Since sending out Prospectuses to the Offices generally, the Author has devised a new system for keeping Fire Business Books, adapted to the requirements of the several Home Departments. This system has been adopted and carried out by the "London and Lancashire." It will be found that this new and improved system ■ is in every respect infinitely superior to the older methods hitherto followed, and has the advantage of being considerably more economical, both in cost of books, &c., and labour. This system, not contemplated when this Work was commenced, will, if adopted, work into and materially assist the Classification one, and render this Work of greater value than the Prospectus promised. ^ Full explanations, with forms and instructions for carrying it out, are here given, and I now leave the matter, confident that a perusal vdll fully shew its value. < _ , . : :. .' As to the Classification system and methods here explained, the following will shew that this Work is not published before a necessity arose for one. . ' : .. This necessity is far more absolute than is generally supposed, and any Office that has not hitherto classed its business, will find vi that upon doing so, and bringing out the results of Five Years' combined business, that even if a loss (debiting proportionate expenses and margin for profit) upon its gross business transacted in the United Kingdom has not been sustained, one will be shewn under fully 50 per cent, of the individual Classes of risk thereunder, aggregating to about 40 per cent, of the gross premiums. A minor illustration, taken from what may be termed the business of the Fire Offices generally {i.e. the Guarantees issued thereon by another Office), will verify to a certain extent the above statement; it is this: — ,. In a certain widely-extended district, embracing a fairly large amount in the aggregate upon nearly all kinds of risks, the business resulted, in a term of four combined years, in losses of no less than 95 per cent, of the gross premium received upon the said Guarantees issued. Analysing the Classed Statement thereof, and working out the percentage of results, they are thus stated, viz: — ,: On Total Premium On Total Losses Received. Sustained, 14 Classes out of the whole List, gave 29*19 per cent., and 85*01 per cent. having respective Losses of more than 100 per cent. . . j One- Class, with Loss of over 60 ] gave 1*61 per cent,, and 1*30 per per cent. . . — . i . . ) cent. . All other Classes (being balance of ] • . * ; gave 69*20 per cent., and 13*69 per cent. , . ,■ 103) upon which Office actually * transacted business, and had - respectively a lower loss than 60 per cent, thereon . This analysis of results would therefore shew, that by the elimination, or partial elimination and revision, of the 15 (or portion Vll of them) unprofitable Classes of risk, might make what had hitherto been an unsatisfactory branch of business, into one shewing profitable results, especially if it was found that the said unsatisfactory Classes of risk were not exceptional, but borne out by general experience in the other branches of the Office's business. Having illustrated, to some extent, the necessity of a general system of Fire Statistics being carried out (further illustration might have been given if thought advisable), and such necessity being granted, the next consideration will naturally arise as to "What systems should be followed in order to carry out the work in the most efficient and economical manner?" As to the value of his systems of working, as here set forth, the Author feels that he can confidently leave the matter to the verdict of the Subscribers for this Work, to whom he feels extremely grateful for the kind support they have already rendered him in its publication. LivEKPooL, February, 1878. '■■'-/ y'L 3i.'/'. O'j - 1r C .T jvi-] C .;'^' K.A ■>;'■ .V't(,,\'' ^;v v>;"' v»Vj '■ ''i'V ' iiii^Lx .vi/Ji^, CXi-: '\i CONTENTS. PART I.— ON GENERAL OFFICE BOOKS. , How Renewal Registers, Policy Books, Returns Books, and Endorsement Books to be treated or slightly modified, in order to meet the full requirements of Classification systems, present and future. ... ... ... ... ... 1 Improved System of Books, combining in One Account the usual Premium Books, or Daily Registers of New Business, and the Renewal Registers, thereby obviating the necessity of posting the Renewals from the Policy Books as hitherto. ... ...• .. ... ... ... ... ... ... 4 Specifications Nos. 1, 2 and 3 of Business Books, and Specification No. 4 of •''■•' Slip Sheets 5, 6, & 8 PART II.— ON CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM. Alphabetical List, grouped analogously, so as to embrace all risks in Great Britain and Ireland, under 118 heads of Classification. ... ... ... 19 Respective Trades, Businesses, &c., carried on, &c., in Great Britain and Ireland, arranged alphabetically with distinctive Classes of Risk they are to be posted to in Class Registers. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 27 Supplementary List of last-mentioned (blank) ,., ... ... ... ... 82 Classed Business Registers — How to be formed, with the advantage of con- tinuously giving required space under respective Class headings, at a minimum cost, or a tithe of the Cost of Registers specially prepared or ordered for the purpose. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... \)0 Specifications Nos. 5 and 6, or Sheets for Class Business Registers ... 90 & 91 PART III.— RENEWALS OF FIRST YEAR'S CLASSIFICATION. Writing and Balancing Renewal Slip Sheets, and system or method for bringing the whole of the Year's Renewals into exact consecutive order of the numbers of Policies, for convenience of Classification and ready reference, &c ; .^. _ .. 93 Classification of Slips 9S' Posting Renewal Slips into Class Registers, and comparing and balancing them, &c ... 97 PART IV.— NEW BUSINESS OF FIRST YEAR'S CLASSIFICATION (same year as above Renewals). Writing, Adding, and Balancing Slip Sheets, &c., and arranging them 99 Classing Slips ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 99 Posting New Business Slips into Class Registers, and comparing and balancing them, &c. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 100 PART v.— RETURNS, CANCELMENTS, AND ENDORSEMENTS OF FIRST YEAR'S CLASSIFICATION (same year as foregoing). Writing and Balancing Slip Sheets... ... ... ... ... ... ... 102 Arranging and Classing Slips ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 103 Posting Slips into Register, adding and balancing, &c. ... ... ... ... 104 PART VL— MODE OF SHEWING STATEMENTS OF NETT BUSINESS OF CLASSES In Registers and balancing same ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 105 PART VII.— LOSSES. Writing Slip Sheets ... Adding, Balancing and Arranging Slip Sheets Classing Slips Posting Slips into Register, adding and balancing, &c. Specification No. 7 of Ten Years' Fire Statistic Book 106 106 107 107 108 PART VIII.— SYSTEM OR METHODS OF DEALING WITH CLASS REGISTERS, AND THE SLIPS CORRESPONDING THERETO IN SECOND AND FOLLOWING YEARS FROM THE FIRST OR PRECEDING ONE, UNDER SAME HEADS AS FOREGOING... 109 GENERAL REMARKS UPON THE FOREGOING SYSTEMS ... 114 APPENDIX. Remarks as to applicability of foregoing Slip Systems to Book-keeping and other general purposes, where items are numerous .. . ... ... ... ... 118 General Notes and Observations as to Working, &c., under foregoing systems ... 119 Views as to the advisability of applying the " Average Clause " more generally, if not universally, to Fire Insurance ... ... ... ... .. ... 126 Apparent anomalies in the rating of some Fire Insurance Risks . . ... ... 127 Views as to the bearing " Causes of Fire " appear to have upon Fire Insurance Risks 128 General views as to the probability of Fire Insurance being reduced, at some future date, to a comparative exact science with that of Life Insurance . . . 130 fi. '.;'.^>V !••■»«■ i -• 'i ,>■ .;,:.-'^ cj/ KH J'*.^! : I. - >' f". I i . I ! «>•'»! .. !': II'.; Mif :..' . ^t .»• '/,.►. M'W '^hh'j' ■■•'■■•■ '.' "i .-•' i;i' "i.ii''"" PAET I. > - ' --'^ - HOW RENEWAL REGISTERS, POLICY BOOKS, RETURNS BOOKS, AND ENDORSEMENT BOOKS TO BE TREATED OR SLIGHTLY MODIFIED, IN ORDER TO MEET THE FULL REQUIREMENTS ,; OF CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS, PRESENT AND FUTURE. The Renewal Registers first call for attention, owing to the Policy Numbers running first in consecutive order for Classification and Posting. ■■ ; Should an Office not have systematically balanced or reconciled the totals appearing in their Renewal Registers for the respective quarters with the Ledger accounts, it will be advisable and necessary that they should at once do so for the full year they intend to Class, &c., in order that a correct basis may be formed for future operations. '. > Taking a given year as above, the Registers shewing the Renewals for that year will not have to be altered or modified, as may be the case with subsequent postings of " Amounts Renewable," set forth in the following: — . i. > .... • >. .. . : • With regard to the New Business and future dealings with it, attention to a few simple matters will most materially assist the system. For instance, should an Office have, as most have, columns for entering Sum Insured and Premium in their Policy Books, and use them for the purpose of adding and balancing (which many Offices do), the following simple method of entry will, beside clearly shewing the Annual or Future Pre- mium for Renewal Posting, obviate the appearance in black ink of redundant figures that might interfere with ready summing up:— ■ i .• If term more than year, state 10s. (Workmen)^ ■----'-' *f - - --jii.' - „ .... 2s. (Odd time) ■ ■'^' ,1 ''■'-' i9'' '■' - 'it ■ ■-■ .... 15s. (Aimual) n:'lj:- If term less than year, state (in red ink) .... 15s. (Annual) ,r:.;. .^ ...^ .- ...y,.. .>.^,. ..^ ;. . ... i„^ ., 13s. (Present). ' In posting Renewal Registers from Policy Books, all Policies issued, or entered in Policy Book, to expire at respective quarter days, must pass through their proper Agency or Branch in Renewal Register, irrespective of their being cancelled, or made void in any way, subsequent to entry, and prior to the Renewal Register being posted up. Should the Future or Annual Premium, in the interim between issue and posting, be altered by Endorsement, or otherwise, and recorded in Policy* Book, the original amount as per Policy must be posted in black ink, and the altered amount renewable in red ink, in the Policy Book, and also the Renewal Register. ,; • . j, (,v. ,, ; •;! > ■; '. Should Policy in said interim be marked ** Cancelled made in error," or " Not taken up," enter in Renewal Register annual amount renewable, and mark in red ink to right, or in extension column, " Cancelled made in error." /.; Should a Policy in said interim be superseded by a subsequent number, enter and mark as in last instance, "Cancelled ^''l'''y^T''f'"." ; .; ' ';:.• • •(. Should it not have been the practice of the Office to deal with the posting of ike Renewal Register in the manner above specified, it will be necessary to revise the then current year's business (i.e., next term expiries of previous new business), and post all such of the above as may have been omitted. . _i ", .;,. .;, r The basis of the system is, as will be seen by perusal further on, that every Policy issued to expire and he reneioahle on any given quarter day, must he posted into Renewal Register, so that full record will appear there of its changes in premium and full ^^ life" or existence. ■ ,- ■ -. ■' • ■ j n.'u • ■.• ., . .. ! ' i Where returns are allowed on the face of Policies, it is desirable that the amounts should not be shewn, or deducted from the Gross Payment, as shewn in ^Premium Column in Policy Books ; a note, however, should be made opposite the number of the Cancelled Policy, at foot of copy, and the entry made for the allowance, in Returns or Cancelment Book. ; ■ i,;^; /jj«.j.: ; . ■ ..; v It will be observed further on that it is necessary that every transaction should be separately dealt with ; for instance, it would be inadvisable, where returns are allowed, to put nett amounts to classification, from the possibility of the Cancelled Policies being upon entirely different risks to the new ones. 8 The Ke turns and Cancelled Policies Book will, of course, shew, under respective branches or heads, and under respective quarters, allowances made in the Keturns by new on superseded Policies, and the Keturns upon Policies made, and renewed in error, together with the necessary totals and summaries. The Endorsement Books, or Endorsement Summary Book, will, of course, shew, under respective branches or heads, and quarters, the D""- and C, or Additional and Keturn Endorsements, together with necessary totals and summaries. The Quarterly Statemeiit in Policy Book, for the purpose of balancing respective Class Registers therewith, should be shewn as follows, viz. : — Sum Insured. Premium. Total New Business (i.e., additions of Policy Book) Less Eeturns on Cancelled Policies i .£ allowed by foregoing, as per Returns Book folio If Renewals, as per Renewal Register folio Additional Endorsement, as per En- dorsement Book folio Return Endorsements, as per Endorse-] ment Book folio I Returns by Policies made and renewed] in error, as per Returns Book folio' Nett Business of Quarter.... £ IMPEOVED SYSTEM OF BOOKS, COMBINING IN ONE ACCOUNT THE USUAL PKEMIUM BOOKS, OE DAILY EEGISTEES OF NEW BUSINESS, AND THE EENEWAL EEGISTEES, THEEEBY OBVIATING THE NECESSITY OF POSTING THE EENEWALS J FEOM THE POLICY BOOKS AS HITHEETO. TiJis system, on perusal, will be found to possess numerous advantages over others previously followed, amongst which — It will, by its economy of labour and material, indemnify, or more than indemnify, any Office adopting it, the cost of carrying out the system of Classification here treated upon. It will ensure greater accuracy. ' '' ' ' '• It is simple and easy to work. It will embrace, under any particular Branch or Head, in one Book, every transaction entered upon, and shew at a glance its full nature until its close, and how it was closed. It will enable the readiest possible reference to any particular Policy, owing to the whole business of any particular Branch or Head being in exact consecutive order of the Policies. It will save labour in Accounts Department, and simplify the keeping of Accounts. It will, by being uniform and running concurrent with the Class Eegister system, enable them both to be worked with very little trouble, and with the utmost possible efficiency. . It will ensure the Eenewals being always posted up to the latest period possible — a great advantage over the sometimes present rush made in some Offices immediately before the quarter days. The three Specifications annexed meet the several requirements of the respective branches of Fire business. Specification No. 1 is for Town Agents, Country Agents, and the business of the respective Branch Offices through direct Policies. 5 Specification No. 2 is specially adapted for Town Business by direct Policies {i.e., for orders received over the counter at Head Office). Specification No. 3 is specially adapted for the whole of the Guarantee business, "Issued" and "Obtained." SPECIFICATION No. 1. Left Page. Eight. Date Order No. Policy No. Name of Insured Agency Date Policy delivered | I or ; I despatched Date Policy Expires First Payment or New Business In^'^ed »ate j Premium Eight Page No. 1 — Ccmtinued. Eenewable Lady Day Quarter Eenewable Midsummer Quarter Eenewable Michaelmas Quarter Eenewable Christmas Quarter How and when Eemarks Sum Insured Premium Sum Insured Premium • I^«3^,^! Premium Sum Insured 1 Premium Policy disposed of i 1 1 1 i 1 i SPECIFICATION No. 2. Left Page. [Over. Date of ; Order j Order 1 No. 1 Policy No. Name of Insured Address Agent 1 1 Date Date Policy Premium Delivered Paid Cash Book Polio Date Policy Expires 1 1 1 1 The above Specifications extend across a double page of hupenal Paper. t ^tj*^^^ I Eight Page No. 2. First Payment or New Buaness Bemarks BenewaBle Ladyday Quarter Renewable Midsummer Quarter Renewable Michaelmas Quarter Renewable Christmas Quarter How and when Policy Stun Insured Rate Premium Sum Insured Premium Sum Insured Premium 1 Sum Insured Premium Sum Insured Premium disposed of • SPECIFICATION No. 8. Left Page. j Bight Page. Take Note or Refer- ence No. 1 1 I ' 1 Name of Insured Agency 1 Nattireof ^'^°I^^ K"* ! PoUcy i Date of Expiry First Payment or New Business Date of Acceptance Policy No. guar- antee , No. 1 1 1 Sum Guar- anteed Rate ! PKtnitmi 1 1 i t i i ! 1 i 1 , lUgbt Page No. 9— Continued. Renewable Ladyday and Candlemas Quarters. Renewable Midsummer and Whitsunday Quarters. Renewable Michaelmas and Lammas Quarters. Renewable Christmas and Martinmas Quarters. How and THien Guarantee disposedof Sum Guar- anteed Premium Sum Guar- anteed Preminm Smn Guar- anteed Premium Stmi Guar- anteed Plremium i 1 The above Specifications extend across a double page of Imperial Papr, The Books for Office where the system is now in operation, consist of the following, each Book containing 250 leaves, viz. : — Thirteen Boohs, styled "Country Agents Business," ''Town Agents Business;" and the remainder of them are styled respectively under the heads of the various Branches, " Business," each numbered ** 1," and, as business may require, other books to the Specification will be got and numbered respectively, "2," &c. The whole of these are ruled and printed as per " Specification No. 1." One Book, styled " Town Business " (i.e., Head Office Counter Business), is ruled and printed as per *' Specification No. 2," and numbered on the back " 1 ; " others will be got as business requires, and marked "2," &c- Four Boohs, two styled "Issued Guarantee Business," and numbered 1 and 2; two styled "Obtained Guarantee Business," and also numbered 1 and 2. These Four Books ruled and printed as per " Specification No. 3;" others will be got as business requires, and numbered 3, &c.* In Office where the system is in operation, it only required Copying Clerk to open above Books under it, owing to the Classification system (fully explained herein), having already provided the exact required material for the purpose, through the Classified Slips running, for the respective Books, in exact consecutive order of Policy numbers for the then full year's business in force. It will be seen, however, on perusal of the whole matter herein, that it would be extremely advantageous for an Office to adopt the system now being explained, together with the system of Classification explained further on, simultaneously. The Slips necessary for the one would equally serve for the other when they are brought into the necessary consecutive order. The Slips here referred to are first written on sheets (containing 18 slip spaces on each, as per " Specification No. 4 ") from the respective Renewal Kegisters, and when written for the full year, or the several quarters "\\ 1^ The PublisLer made the original Books, which were all that coiUd be desired, both for style and quality.— T. E. G. ,' \ -s^ : • . . > i s thereof, are to be summed up and balanced with their respective Benewal Registers. SPECIFICATION No. 4. f 558988 Ladyday, 78 t 500 1 1 6 ) 3 j «■ ',- / f . : -:-'i • : '• ^ I ■"-,•• Dwelling-houses 250 7 6 1 (In Blue Ink.) 1 9 1 j ';-r'. '■ ,'•■■• _ '" ; Handloom Weavers (In Blue Ink.) 250 18 9 J *■ i.;' ■ ' '" ,■. • > ^ : J .' '• • .'. - - . , -• . . . ■" ...■■■ ■ "•' -.'W- ' 1 _ f , ..;-■' ■• ■ .''-' :,.■■.■,.( ; .' :' ' . .•■- ■ -■ . ^ ■ .:^"^ ^- -:-] -•'■^':. " '"-; i: . < . 558989 , . . ■ '\ ■ .': ' L ' ... '' ■ ' - ■. ■ ^ ' ' . ' ' ■ ■■. • •■ ■■■^ '«.'.■ -' , ■ - . • > u ' " ' f • 2 ■ .'.^' . I-.- j • ' 1 . '- ^ ! . ' • ' ■ . ' . ir ; i • . . ■ .:'ij !.'■ • . ., .' :. < ■ .^- . ■;•• : ■ . ■',:'. ^C V '- '■., . 1 '^ ' r • '" !' '1 ' . . ■ ' ' '' • ' 1 . .. ' . " . ; '■/ '-"•'■'•* ^\-^. ■»!''". / , ^ . ' .> ■ , ■ 1 ; -1 -'•. ^-Jj i'^ ^ .'/A- ■ '- ' ' "!:»; r „ ., ..•-, * ;. T^e rtfeov^ two slips are precisely the size of the other sixteen of sheet. The papei' used for ruling and spacing is Large Post. — "<• The Slip Sheets, when thus far completed, can be sent over to the Stationer's to be cut into the spaced single Slips ; this process, by the cutting machine, will only take a few minutes to cut thousands, and is far prefer^^ble in every respect to having the sheets perforated, in order that they may be afterwards torn into single Slips. , , . , The Slips being now single, it is an easy matter to bring the whole year's Renewals into exact consecutive order of the Policy numbers, with comparatively httle labour, by following mode, viz, : — , First. — Go through whole of Slips, sorting them under the respective .,, hundreds of thousands. Second. — Take respectively each hundred thousand section, and sort into the tens of thousands. Third. — Take respectively each ten thousand section, and sort into thousands. Fourth. — Take respectively each thousand section, and sort into hundreds. Fifth. — Take each hundred section, and sort into tens. Sixth. — Take each section of ten, and sort into units, and at same .,^i time, when thirty or forty (say) are arranged together, take hand punch (this punch, which is one similar to those used by Boot- ,.,; makers, cuts a small, clean, round hole through a great thickness , of paper, and can be got for a few shillings from any Tool Dealer) , and cut hole through them, about half an inch or so from left hand side, and run whipcord through holes ; do this until convenient sized bundles are strung through, and then tie with a secure knot. When thus completed, or brought into exact consecutive order, a Copying Clerk can enter the whole of them into the new respective " Business Books," where they will naturally follow in due sequence of numbers ; he must not, however, put any amounts from Slips into "First Payment" column, but should, immediately after writing the quarter into date of expiry column, carry the Sum Insured and Premium to the respective '' Renewable " columns provided for the purpose. . When the whole of the Slips are posted, it will be desirable, for thorough D 10 ' check, to take the old Renewable Registers for comparison ; the numbers being in sequence in new book can be referred to rapidly; and as each item is fully compared, each Clerk will "tick off" amount in the respective books. A further check will be to sum up each quarter's column in the " Business Book," which ought then to agree, or balance, with the old Renewal Register totals. - - ■'"- - j- ^ It may be noted here that there is nothing to prevent the making up of the "Business Books," and dealing with the Classification ones, simul-' taneously, even with those under one Branch or Head, as whilst one Clerk deals with one bundle of Slips for one purpose, another Clerk could be dealing with another bundle for other purposes, without the one clashing with the other. -^ V .- - --- In dealing with the New Business portion, or Policies issued during the year, included under the same Head or Branch as above Renewals, the following will be desirable or necessary: — - - - First. — Owing to the new Policies or New Business Policy numbers running in sequence in the respective Policy Books, it will be desirable, in order to economize, both in time and cost of labour, to have the necessary quantity of Slip Sheets sent to the Printer's, for the purpose of having the full requisite numbers of Slips for the year printed by the numbering machine. Whilst on this subject, I may state that I have found it a great advantage to have in the Office, numbered Slip Sheets far in advance of current issues. _ . ._ Second. — It wiU be absolutely necessary, in writing these Slips, to state in them the various amounts, in the mode previously shewn for entering Premiums in Policy Books, viz.: — Sum Insured. If term more than one year (state) .... 1,000 (@ 1/6) .... 10s. (Joiners). \ 2s. (Odd Time). I ft 55 55 55 55 55 •••• ,5 ,, ,, ,, .... „ .... 15s. (Annual). Bed Ink If term less than one .year (state) ....; ; . "<"./,. • .... 15s. (Future). Black Ink „ „ „ .... „ .... 13s. (Present). 11 • This mode of stating premiums must be followed also in entering items, both in " Business Books " and Class Eegisters, for the reason that it shews most clearly the annual or future Renewable Premium for extension, and at the same time allows of the present premium being summed up readily; the red ink j&gures I do not find any way obstructive to making the additions correctly. The Slip Sheets of New Business will be added up and balanced with respective Policy or other Book, as is the case with Renewal ones. When these sheets are cut, it will be found difficult to put them into consecutive order, unless slips of paper are placed between each cut, as the numbers intervening between one slip and its next in sequence will be equal to the number of sheets cut through; but should the slips of paper not be put between the cuts, the readiest way of getting them into consecutive order, will be to take the top number, then look for next, and so on until the whole eighteen cuts are rearranged in original order, when it will then only be necessary to go on taking the top one of each in its sequence. The New Business being arranged consecutively, and made up into bundles, one for each quarter, the Copying Clerk can then go on entering them into Business Book, as per mode twice before specified. He can, at the same time, extend the Renewal Premium into the "Amount Renewable" columns, as per respective expiries. Should, however, a Policy expire or be renewable in the same year of its issue, the extension in that case must be made in blue ink, the first year excepted, when they must not be extended at all, and note must be put with black ink in "How and when Policy disposed of" column f "dealt with in foregoing Renewals." Again, should the expiry be in the second year from its issue, in that case the extension figures must be in red ink. In entering up the New Business slips into the respective Business Books, a space of ten lines must be left between the close of one quarter's issue and the commencement of another, for the purpose of ih&^ng the statement of business, whicli will b6 made up in this manner, viz.: — - -, , ^.i^ ^- 48 Hotels, Public-houses, and Beerhouses. ■ , 49 India Eubber and Gutta Percha Manufactories. 50 Ironmongers (no Mineral Oils kept). : - 51 Jewellers, Watch and Clock Makers, and Opticians. 62 Lace Manufactories. . , 58 Mansion-houses (Country only). ; 54 Marine Store Dealers. .- . r^ 55 Music Halls, Concert Rooms, Waxwork Exhibitions, &c. 56 Oil and Colourmen's Shops, including all Retail Dealers of Mineral Oils. . •., . . : 67 Oilmen's Store Manufactories, comprising Mustard, Blacking, Pick- ling, Preserving, and Starch and Gum Manufactories. 68 Oil Mills, Oil Refineries, Soaparies, Candle Works, and Tallow )• Chandleries. *;.,.. 59 Painters, Plumbers, Glaziers, and Paper-hangers. • 60 Paper Mills. ,. • , _ 61 Papier Mache Manufactories, Paper Tube Mills, Paper Stainers, and Card, Pasteboard, Paper Box, and Paper Collar Manufactories. 62 Pawnbrokers. . . : 63 Photographers. , , ' ". " 64 Pianoforte and Organ Manufactories. 65 Potteries, Glass Works, Brick, &c., and Cement Manufactories. 66 Printers and Bookbinders. .. fi ,.,: ^ «, 67 Railway Property of all kinds, and Plant, &c., of Collieries. 68 Rice Mills. 23 CLASS NO. CLASSIFICATION OF FIEF BUSINESS.— Cowimwei. CLASS OR DESCRIPTION OF RISK. 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 Eoperies (Twine, Sacking, and Net Manufactories included, except when under Flax and Jute Mill Tariff). Salt Works. Saw Mills. ' Ship and other Biscuit Manufactories. ' Shipbuilding Yards. ; \ Ship Chandlers and Sailmakers. Ships in Harbour. Kiver Clyde. ,, Eiver Mersey. ■■ - . ,, Eiver Thames. ,, Other places and Floating Insurances in the United Kingdom. Shops rated as hazardous, but with description insufficient to be included under other headings. • ' Silk Mills. Smallware Manufactories, including Hosiery (if not under the Worsted Mill Tariff), Shirt, Umbrella, Clothing, and Elastic Web, &c., Manufactories. Soda and other Aerated Water Manufactories. ' Stables and Outbuildings generally (Farm Buildings, and Thatched or other hazardously constructed Buildings excepted). Straw Hat Manufactories. • Sugar Eefineries (including all risks within outside walls). Sundry Special Eisks not otherwise included in Classification. Tanners, Curriers, Leather Dyers, and Japanners, and Leather Grlove Manufactories. Thatched and other Buildings of hazardous construction (Farm Buildings excepted). 24 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE BUSINESS.-Cojifmw^i. CLASS NO. CLASS OE DESCRIPTION OF RISK. 89 Theatres. 90 Timber Yards unconnected with Workshops and Saw Mills. 91 Tobacco, Cigar, and Snuff Manufactories. . . ., 92 Tobacconists, Toy Dealers, Hair Dressers and Perfumers, Brush Dealers, and Dealers in Fancy and Perishable (from Fire) Goods not otherwise included in Classification. . WAREHOUSES, Wholesale for the deposit of Goods, Corn, Merchandise, &c., unconnected with Factories in the following places : — 93 In Bradford. • 94 „ Huddersfield. , , : . 95 ,, Leeds. 96 „ Hull. ;:.^ ;.. .; -- :: ■ ... '. 97 ,, Manchester (all), including those Carriers' Warehouses, when insurance specific, that are covered under "Carriers Float- ing," Manchester, &c. , , . ^ ■ 98 ,, Liverpool, Certified, and other specific risks covered by next ■ mentioned (Albert, Stanley, and Wapping Docks excepted). ; . . i 99 ,, „ „ floating. • - .1 100 ,, ,, Uncertified, Petroleum, Specific Warehouses, Yards, .. - '• &c., included. 101 I ,, ,, ,, floating, including Petroleum Floating, &c. 102 ,, ,, Carriers. .;, . •-. ^ ■ > . i 103 I ,, ,, ,, floating. ... ,, . „ , , ., ..-'{ i^ •nit CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE BUSINESS.— Con^i;?we<^. CLASS NO. 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 CLASS OR DESCRIPTION OF RISK. In Liverpool, Albert, Stanley, and Wapping Docks (including Warehouses on margin of Corn Warehouse Dock). Newcastle-on-Tyne and Gateshead. Nottingham. London, for Manchester and such like Goods as per Tariff. ,, Merchandise or • Mercantile Tariff. ,, Other than above mentioned. Belfast. , Dundee, and all other Warehouses in Scotland, rated under the Dundee Tariff. Leith and Granton. Glasgow and Paisley, for Goods as per Tariff. Glasgow and Greenock, for Merchandise as per Tariff. Generally or other than before mentioned. Woollen Mills, having no Willying or Rag Grinding done, except in Buildings detached, or separated by fireproof passage, at least 10 feet in length, with an iron door at each end (No. 1). Woollen, Willying or Rag Grinding Buildings, or Woollen Mills where same is carried on therein, or not in conformity with last mentioned (No. 2). Worsted Mills. The first basis of the foregoing heads of Classification was, upon a close analysis of nearly 6,000 claims, spread over a term of seven years, and this now amended list results from a like experience of a second term of same duration, and embracing nearly double the number of claims of first. Offices may find it desirable to change or modify the list here given. 26 but I should most strenuously advise that they should not extend the number of heads to a greater limit, for the reason found by long experience, that only a small proportion of the groups may require investigation, and the fact that the labour and inconvenience of dissection for fuller inves- tigation would only be a tithe of that involved in having continuously a ctimbrously large number of distinct accounts in the Class Kegisters. ■■ ' ... " _ ■... '!"■ '^-K .''■'iiaT -1 , -".i. -^ ^ ,7 ,, til ' i - ,•''-' ■ ''.,-;7.'" ^r. . ■.■'/'■[' -ill \. Lfi-r i.'n'^ ^5!>' '<♦■ :;^H/.h''^^ -.'••-l*;^^f ?II .1 . ' V ' " ; i-a-'ir.^ . ^^1.1' : / ?f ■' ^ .-.n:'? n; •'i, 'V. »j ;*;■>■'•? J , »/>}J.-M ..:( * '.'■i' EESPECTIYE TKADES, BUSINESSES, &c., CAKEIED ON IN GEEAT BEITAIN AND lEELAND, AEEANGED ALPHABETICALLY, WITH DISTINCTIVE CLASSES OF EISK THEY AEE TO BE POSTED TO IN CLASS EEGISTEES. In all cases where there are more trades or risk in one Building or Buildings in risk of, or communicating therewith, the insurance must be classed to the major risk, or the one that in itself would be rated the highest. hi the following, where a trade has onbj one Class against it, the correct Class to be posted to will depend upon the description or particulars given in Policy, or the nature of the risk bringing it under a tariff', dc. Where, as in Cabinet Makers, Corn Mills, Cotton Mills, Sc, the Classes are subdivided, the " Class No." will have to ba found by referring to the printed List of Classifications, or ^he respective tarij's, as in all cases the full necessary instructions could not be given in the following without unduly extended notes. Trade, &c. Class of Eisk. Account Book Manufacturers Printers, &c., where Account Books made, on premises only, otherwise Booksellers. Accountants ;. r .• .. Counting-houses, if no greater risk in building. Agents generally , i .^.-f,':- Counting-houses, if no greater risk in building. Agricultural Implement Makers Engineers, &c., 1 or 2, as per wood working or not. Album Makers Printers, &c., or Booksellers, as per risk, manufacturing or sale only. Albumen Manufactories ■■,-, Sundry special risks. Ale and Porter Merchants .. Warehouses (store). Counting-houses (if - - I - -.• '" • ';■ offices only). 28 Teade, &c. Class of Kisk. Alpaca Manufacturers & Spinners Alum Manufactories Ammonia Manufactories Ammunition Manufactories Analysts' Laboratories Anchor Manufactories Angola Spinners & Manufactories Annato Manufactories Anvil Manufactories Appraisers Appraisers Aquafortis Manufactories Armour Plate Manufactories Architects '• Army Clothing Manufactories Artificial Eye Makers Artificial Florists .--u'' Worsted Mills, if manufacturing ; Ware- houses, if store only out of Mill Yard. Chemical, &c., Manufactories. , Chemical, &c.. Manufactories. Uninsurable — Sundry Special Risks if insured. Sundry Special Risks. Engineers, &c., No. 1 if no working in wood. No. 2 if working in wood. Worsted Mills if manufacturing, Warehouses if store only for the goods out of Mill Yard. Drug Grinders, &c., Manufactory and Pre- mises connected therewith. Engineers 1 or 2, as per wood working. Counting-houses, if goods not stored in premises. Cabinet Makers, &c., Sale Shops if goods stored in premises. Chemical, &c., Manufacturers. Engineers, &c.. No. 1 or 2, as per wood working. Counting-houses, if nothing more hazardous in building. (See Clothiers Wholesale). Small ware, &c.. Manufactories. Potteries, &c., vide Policy as to process or material. Smallware, &c.. Manufactories, if manufac- turing on premises; Drapers, &c., No. 1 or 2, if sale only on premises. 29 Trade, &c. > Class op Kisk. Artificial Limb Makers Cabinet Makers, &c., No. 1 or 2, vide number of benches. Artists in Private Dwelling-houses Dwelling-houses. Artists' Colourmen Booksellers, &c., if leading trade Print- - t- sellers ; Cabinet Makers, &c., Sale Shops ; if leading trade Picture Dealers. Ashes Pan Manufactories Blacksmiths, &c., when on small scale ; Engineers, &c., if on large scale. Asphalters or Asphalte M'factories Sundry Special Eisks. Assayers Sundiy Special Eisks. Astronomical Instrument Makers Dealers only to Jewellers, &c. ; Manufac- turers to Engineers, &c. Asylums generally Hospitals, &c. Auctioneers' Counting-houses, no| Sale Eooms Counting-houses, if nothing more hazardous in Building, otherwise to the major risk. Auctioneers* Sale Eooms . • . Cabinet Makers, &c.. Sale Shops. Auger Manufactories .:,.= : Engineers, &c. Awl Blade Manufactories . , Engineers, &c. ' Axle Manufactories Engineers, &c. Baby Linen Shops Drapers, &c. Bacon Curers Bacon, &c., Curers. Bacon Factors (wholesale, no dry- ing stoves) Warehouses, as per situation. - - Bag Manufactories (leather and Bootmakers, or Boot Manufacturers, (fee. (if carpet) on large scale). Bag and Sheet Manufactories Flax Mills, or otherwise per risk. Bakers, &c. (no biscuit baking) Bread Bakers, &c. Bakers and Flour Dealers, oven Grocers, &c. not on premises - I li-M Bakers (biscuits) Ship, &c., Biscuit Manufacturers. m Trade, &c. Bakers' Peel Makers Baking Powder Manufactories Banks Barracks r Barometer Makers Basket Makers (working) Basket Dealers only . . .. Bass Dressers Baths (public) Bath Manufactories Bayonet Manufactories, &c. .vj . - : Bed and Mattress Manufactories Bed and Mattress (dealers only) Bedstead Manufactories (iron) Bedstead Manufactories (wood) Bead Makers (glass) . . . Bead Makers (gold, &c.) Beer Engine Makers Bed Hook Makers Beer Ketailers Beer Machine (or Engine) Casej Makers f Bell Founders Class of Eisk. Cabinet Makers, &c. ...:._ Chemical, &c., Manufacturers, if Chemical processes ; Oilmen's Stores, &c., Manu- facturers, if simply mixing materials, &c. Counting-houses, if no greater risk in building. Hospitals, &c. ■■/''■ '-: '-'. Jewellers, &c., if no wood working, as Opti- cians, &c. ; if on large scale of manufacture to Engineers, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c., No. 1. '- Tobacconists, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c.. No. 1 (risk as Basket Makers). Hospitals, &c. Blacksmiths, &c. (Engineers, &c., if Works on large scale). - Engineers, &c. '^-V.i .; . l ., j. Sundry Special Eisks. va ru !?I. -♦f/A Cabinet Makers, &c., Sale Shops. Engineers, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c. Potteries, &c. Jewellers, &c. Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. Hotels, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c. Engineers, &c. .J a ai'fs Trade, &o. Class of Risk. Bellows Manufactories Bellows Pipe Manufactories ,.') Belt Clasp Manufactories Benzine and Benzole Distillers (uninsurable ?) - Berlin Wool Repositories Billiard and Bagatelle Table Manu- factories . Billiard, &c.. Ball Manufactories Billiard Cloth Manufactories Billiard Rooms (public) Binding Manufactories (trimmings) Birch & Heath Broom Makers Bird Dealers Bird and Animal Preservers Bird Cage Makers ,. 1 / Birmingham and Sheffield Goods] Dealers - >-:" nv.A Black Lead (pencil) Manufactories Black Lead (polishing) M'factories Black Ornament Manufactories | . (imitation jet) ^ Blackware M'factories (earthenware) Blacking (shoe) Manufactories Blacksmiths Engineers, &c., or CabinetMakers, &c., vide leading part of risk. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, if on large scale. -f... . . Engineers, &c. ...:,. < m. «:.'." ■j > ■■- > Cabinet Makers, &c. Sundry Special Risks. Woollen Mills, or per risk. • • • Hotels, &c. % Smallware, &c.. Manufacturers. Cabinet Makers, &c. Tobacconists, &c. • Tobacconists, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Cabinet Makers, if working in wood. • Warehouses, if not shop; Ironmongers, if " retail shop. • ' Cabinet Makers, &c., wood working. '' Oilmen's Store, &c.. Manufacturers. " ' ( ! • j Sundry Special Risks. Blanket Manufactories yiri. Potteries, &c. :..{./ • Oilmen's Store, &c.. Manufacturers. Blacksmiths, &c., if risk on very large scale to Engineers, &c. - Woollen Mills, or v. risk. "' ■ < • ■ . .- 32 Teade, &c. Class of Kisk. Blanket Merchants Bleachers Bleaching Powder Manufactories Blow-pipe Manufactories Blue (washing) Manufactories Boarding-houses (private) Boat and Barge Builders Boat &■ Barge Owners (on boats, &c.) Bobbin Manufactories Boiler Plate Manufactories Bolt Manufactories Bonded Cellars, Vaults, or Ware houses Bone Boilers . ,;, Bone Crushers (manure manufac- tories) Bone Turners (button and the like) Bookbinders (workshops) Bookbinders (no work, retail shops i only ' Book Clasp Manufactories Book Lock Manufactories Booksellers (no printing or book binding on premises) Booksellers (if last done therein) Boot Manufactories (large factories) Drapers, &c., (for retail) Warehouses (whole- sale, no shop). Bleachers, &c. '■'- - ; > Chemical, &c., Manufacturers. Engineers, &c. ' '. ' fl;.^ Oilmen's Store, &c.. Manufacturers. : > L Dwelling-houses. Cabinet Makers, &c., or Shipbuilding Yards, , as per nature or extent of risk. Ships in Harbour (afloat). Cabinet Makers, &c. ' " .•,';.. 1. Engineers, &c. * • ;;i l" 1 Engineers, &c. ' ' f Warehouses. Oil Mills, &c.p or Sundry Special Risks ; if for ■ manufacturing Bone articles, not oil ex- tracting. ^ Chemical, &c.. Manufacturers. -'T Sundry Special Risks. Printers, &c. ' ■ i-.. ! -^^ .^a Booksellers, &c. .tn^u Engineers, &c. ( 1? '_ ;r. jif JifO)) Engineers, &c. ' '■ ■ > 1 '; ^■i:-- ^ ^ -^ Booksellers, &c. 1 ^ i Printers, &c. Boot Manufacturers. ? MnJiiyai nn^M ifri'AtJAi'il Tbade, &c. Class op Risk. Boot and Shoemakers' Shops and small Workshops Bottle (glass) Manufactories Bottle Cap or Capsule M'factories| (metal) 1 Bottle Merchants (wholesale) Bottle Merchants (retail shops) Bottling Stores Box and Trunk Clip Manufactories Bottle Envelope Makers (straw) Brace and Belt Manufactories Brace Bit Manufactories (tools) Braid Manufactories Brand Makers ,.,,.. Brass Finishers , /..; . Brass Founders /.iS .- Brass Turners /yj^ , Brass Polishers Bread and Butter Platter Makers ] (wood) j Brewers Brewhouses, small, communicating with Public House Brewing Pan Manufactories Brick and Tile Manufactories Brick and Tile Merchants (storage only) Bricklayers (materials in yard, &c.) . ._ Bootmakers, &c. Potteries, &c. ' ' .' Engineers, &c. Warehouses, &c. China, Glass, &c.. Dealers. Warehouses. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per scale of works. Sundry Special Risks. Smallware, &c., Manufacturers. Engineers, &c. Smallware, &c., Manufacturers. • Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. > ' Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c. Brewers, &c. . "'1 Hotels, &c. Engineers, &c. • : . Potteries, &c. Stables, &c. Stables, &c. .1/ a M Tkade, &c. Class of Kisk. Bridges, Piers, or Promenades (wood, &c.) Bridle Bit Makers .: ^ . Bridle Cutters • Bristle Merchants Britannia Metal Manufactories British Wine and Cordial Manufac- tories British Workmen Public Houses Broach Makers (tool) Brokers (general mercantile) Brokers (furniture and the like) Bronze Manufactories Bronze Article Manufactories Brooch Manufactories Brooch Glass Cutters Brush Manufactories (wood work- ing done) Brush Manufactories (no wood working) Brush Board Cutters Buckle Manufactories Buff and Glazer M'facts. (cutlery) Bullet Mould Manufactories Buhl Cutters Builders (working in wood) Sundry Special Eisks. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c,, if working on large scale. : ; . - . Bootmakers, &c., as Saddlers. Tobacconists, &c. (Retail Shop), Warehouses, (Wholesale Warehouses). - . V Engineers, &c. .-.«?< "^^ :*--' Oilmen's Store, &c.. Manufacturers. > ■ • ■ Coffee-houses, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., if Works on large scale. Counting-houses or Warehouses, as per risk. Cabinet Makers, &c., Sale Shops. Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. v.- Mi' Jewellers , &c . ^'i "' uu^' >. v^ . ■ • ; -' : Jewellers, &c. no^tif',!. i --iiil' Cabinet Makers, &c. •" ■ , . ■• . ''■' Sundry Special Risks. Cabinet Makers, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per scale of works. Engineers, &c. r. ■ : .^.u: -.:•:.' 1 Engineers, &c. k .' Cabinet Makers, &c. /■';-'.,]■ ; .. - . - Cabinet Makers, &c. [- 35. Trajoe, &c. Builders' Yards, if Tioiber Yards ^ and no wood working J Builders' Yards, if ordinary Build- ing Materials only, and not ordinary Timber Yard risks Builders' Ironmongers (manufact'g) Builders' Ironmongers' Stores only Buildings in course of erection Bunting Manufactories Butchers' Sale Shops Butchers' Slaughter Houses, &c. Butter Factors and Merchants Button (metal) Manufactories Button (horn, bone, pearl) M'facts Button Shank Makers Cab Proprietors' Stables, &c., and Contents .-, ■ . Cabinet Makers' Work Shops Cabinet Makers' Sale Shops (no work done) Cabinet Case Makers Cabinet Case Spring Makers Cabinet Cover M'factories (textile) Cabinet Carvers . . Calenderers /n"!. "., .: Calico Printers Class op Kisk. Timber Yards. Stables, Warehouses, or Thatched, as per construction of buildings, &c. Engineers, &c. Ironmongers (retail shops). Warehouses (wholesale). * To risk intended to be occupied for on completion. Worsted Mills, or v. risk. Grocers, &c. Stables, &c., v. construction. ' Grocers, &c. (retail shops). Warehouses (wholesale warehouses). Engineers, &c. - Sundry Special Eisks. Engineers, &c. Stables, &c., or v. construction. Cabinet Makers, &c. Cabinet Makers' Sale Shops. Cabinet Makers, &c. Blacksmiths or Engineers, as per scale of risk. Worsted Mills, or as per risk. . Cabinet Makers, &c. Calenderers, &c. Bleachers, &c. 36 Trade, &c. Class op Kisk. Calico Printing KoUer M'factories Calico Web Manufactories (cutlery) Camel Hair Pencil Manufactories Candle Guard Manufactories (brass) Candlestick Makers Cane Workers .' Cannon Founders Candle Mould Makers . J. Canvas Manufactories Cap (cloth) Makers Cap Peak and Cockade Makers Capsule Manufactories (bottle & jar) Card Manufactories (for wool and cotton weaving) Card and Cardboard Manufactories Card Case Makers (ivory and tor- ] toiseshell) J Card Case Makers (leather) Card Cloth M'factories (vulcanised) Card Nailers Card Pin Makers Card Setting Machine Makers Carmen's Stables, &c., and Contents Carpenters and Joiners Carpet Cleaners Carpet and Rug Manufactories Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. i '"ir Sundry Special Risks. ' ■ ; - ' ^ i Engineers, &c. Engineers or Blacksmiths, as per scale of risks. - Cabinet Makers, &c. '■>-.! .- i. v Engineers, &c. . " Engineers, &c. '"/"••<:; '-p '" ' 'i-''^ . "'' Flax Mills, &c. Drapers, &c., or Smallware Manufacturers, as per risk Bootmakers, &c., or v. risk • Engineers, &c. . . ' Sundry Special risks Papier Mache, &c., Manufacturers •' Sundry Special Risks 'f J Printers and Bookbinders. Sundry Special Risks, or India Rubber, &c., Manufacturers, v. process. • j Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. ; :•' Stables, &c., or v. construction. Cabinet Makers, &c. ' > • . J ,' Sundry Special Risks. Woollen, Worsted, or Flax Mills, as per tariff rating. 3t Trade, &c. Carpet Warehousemen (shops) Carriers' Warehouses, 30 miles radius from Manchester Cart Arms Manufactories Cartridge M'factories (uninsurable) Cartridge Case M'factories (metal no filling) Cartridge Implement Makers Carvers and Gilders fif working in] wood) J Carvers and Gilders (if composi- tion only) Carvers (wood) Casting Pot Manufactories Castor and Castor Top M'factories Catgut Manufactories , Cattle Food Manufactories (no oil pressing) Cattle Food Manufactories (if oil pressing) - , - Cement Manufactories Chain Manufactories Chair and Sofa Manufactories Chair Webbing Manufactories Chandelier Manufactories Chandlers' Shops (small ordinary,] not tallow chandlers solely) J Charcoal Manufactories Class op Eisk. Cabinet Makers, &c., Sale Shops, as Uphol- sterers. Warehouses, Manchester. Cabinet Makers, &c. • *' Sundry Special Kisks. Engineers, &c. . , Engineers, &c. ' Cabinet Makers, &c. Sundry Special Kisks. Cabinet Makers, &c. Potteries, &c. Engineers, &c. Sundry Special Eisks. . Sundry Special Eisks. Oil Mills, &c. Potteries, &c. Engineers, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c. Smallware Manufacturers, if not a mill, tariff risk. Engineers, &c. Grocers, &c. Sundry Special Eisks. Teadb, &c. Class of Risk. Chasers (silver, (fee.) Cheese Factors' Warehouses Cheese Manufactories Cheesemongers' Shops Chemists (analytical) ,^ , Chemists (manufacturing) Chemists and Druggists, no Laboratories Chemists and Druggists, withj Laboratories i Chenille Manufactories * ' " Chicory Manufactories Chimney Pot Manufactories China Clay Manufactories (wash- ing, dressing, &c.) China, Glass, and Earthenware Dealers China Manufactories Chip Box Makers Chocolate and Cocoa Manufactories Church Furniture Manufactories (metal) Cigar Manufactories Cigar Merchants' Shops Cistern Manufactories (slate) Clasp Manufactories (metal) Cloaking Manufactories Clear Starchers Clock, &c.. Dial Manufactories Clock Case Manufactories ' 'i Jewellers, &c. Warehouses. Sundry Special Risks. - • , . , Grocers, &c. ... Sundry Special Risks. ^ , ... . Chemical, &c.. Manufacturers. Druggists, &c., if Oils kept, Oil and Colour men. Sundry Special Risks. '' ''' ' ' ' . .' .t ■■ . ■ I. Smallware Manufacturers, &c, ■■; ' I .- ■ ■■■■ . Oilmen's Store Manufacturers, &c. ^ Potteries, &c. Sundry Special Risks. iJ^.v China, &c.. Dealers, or Warehouse, if wholesale only. Potteries, &c. , , ;; , .1 -. Cabinet Makers, &c. , ; Oilmen's Store Manufacturers^. ;, , ; „., . Engineers, &c. ■ ■ " Tobacco, &c., Manufacturers. Tobacconists, &c. .., , Sundry Special Risks. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per risk. Woollen Mills, or as per risk. ^..^ ,- Sundry Special Risks. _.^ .■_. . ,1 ,, ., Sundry Special Risks. ... ^ ,. ... ., .,.. Cabinet Makers, &c. ,. ;, ,,. 5/ .-.,..« , 89 Trade, &c. Clog and Patten Makers, if work- ing in wood Clog and Patten Dealers only Clog Iron Makers Cloth Dressers and Finishers Cloth Kemnant Dealers •-■' Clothes Cleaners Clothiers, Wholesale • ■' ■■' •- Clothiers, Ketail ^ ' " Clubhouses Coach and Carriage Builders Coach & Carriage Handle M'facts Coach & Harness Furniture M'facts Coach Harness Japanners Coach Lace, Upholstery, and] Trimming Manufactories J Coach Painters (no wood working) Coach Smiths (no wood working) Coach Spring and Axle Makers Coach Trimmers (no wood working) Coach Ironwork Manufactories Coal and Coke Dealers Coburg Manufactories Cock Founders Cocoa Manufactories Class of Ri^it. Cabinet Makers, &c. . - . . , Bootmakers, &C. - '■::'..: U -v:;:; ;, Blacksmiths, &c., or if on large Scale, Engineers, (fee. Cloth Dressers, &c., if not part of Mill tariff risk. ' . - • Drapers, &c. "). - v - ; ' :. Drapers, &c. " ' ■• ^ Warehouses, if Manufacturers post to Small- ware Manufacturers. Drapers, &c. - ^ ' ' Hotels, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c. Engineers, &c. ■' Engineers, &c. - Tanners, (fee. • • ■ ' ■ Small ware Manufacturers. \ Painters, (fee. ' " Blacksmiths, <&c.. Or if Oh large scale. Engineers, (fee. Engineers, (fee. Sundry Special Risks. Blacksmiths, (fee, or Engineers, (fee., if on large scale. Stables, (fee, or as per major risk. Worsted Mills, or v. risk. Engineers, (fee. Oilmen's Store Manufacturers. 40 Trade, &c. Class of Risk. Cocoa Nut Fibre Manufactories Coffee Merchants' Warehouses Coffee Dealers' Shops Coffee Roasters Coffee Roaster Manufactories Coffee Rooms or Coffeehouses Coffin Makers (wood) Coffin Makers (metaUic) Coffin Furniture Manufactories Coffin Furniture Dealers Coffin Handle Makers Coke Burners (uninsurable) Colour Grinders and Manufactories Collar Makers (paper) Collar Makers (linen) large premises Colleges Comb Makers (shell, horn, &c.) Comb Makers (steel for wool] combing, painters, &c.) I Comb Pin Manufactories l\{ >i:..:i Composition (boiler) Manufactories Condensed Milk Manufactories Confectioners & Pastry Cooks (no confectionery made) Confectionery Manufactories Convents . Sundry Special Risks. Warehouses. Grocers, &c. Coffee Roasters. Engineers, &c. Coffeehouses, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c. Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. Ironmongers, &c. Engineers, &c. Sundry Special, or Railways, &c. (if on Colliery), being insurances on Buildings in risk of, or near Ovens. Colour and Varnish Manufacturers. ) Papier Mache, &c., Manufacturers, v Smallware Manufacturers. Hospitals, &C. ^ J ..vj;-,l ijH • > Sundry Special Risks. Blacksmiths, &c., or if on large scale, Engineers, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or if on large scale. Engineers, &c. Sundry Special Risks, or otherwise as per major portion of it. Sundry Special Risks. Bread Bakers, &c., or Grocers, as per Oven. Confectionery Manufacturers. . . Hospitals, &c. ,-..,', ii Trade, &c. Class of Risk. Cooking Apparatus Makers Coopers .-v.^,,-. ! •■ ^^ Co-operative Stores Copper Merchants' Warehouses Copper Smelters and Workers Copperas Manufactories ■.- Copper Plate Printers . m !i Copper Nail, Eoller, Wire, or Eivetj Manufactories ^ :. ,- : J Copying Press Manufactories Cord (woollen) Manufactories Cordial Manufactories », j^ Cork Cutters and Manufactories Cork Leg Manufactories Cork Sock Makers Corkscrew Manufactories Corn Exchanges • . . • Corn and Flour Dealers' Shopsj (no ovens) ) Corn Factors and Merchants' (kiln for drying included, Ireland) Warehouses ., Corn Mills and Granaries con- nected therewith Cornice Pole Makers (wood) Cotton Breakers • , Cotton Band Makers Cotton and Rush Wick M'factories Engineers, &c. > : . ,:, Cabinet Makers, &c. ; Grocers, &c., or Drapers, &c., as per Stock. Warehouses. Engineers, &c. Chemical, &^, Manufacturers. Printers, &c. Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. Smallware M'facts, or per tariff rate under. Oilmen's Stqje Manufacturers. Cork Cutters. Cabinet Makers, &c. Cork Cutters, or as per leading nature of risk. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, if on large scale. Hospitals, &c. Grocers, &c. Warehouses. Corn Mills. Cabinet Makers, &c. Cotton Mills, V. policy or tariff. Cotton Mills, V. policy or tariff. Smallware Manufacturers, if not under Cotton Mill tariff . 42 Trade, &c. Class of Kisk. Cotton or other M'dize whilst in^ transit from Warehouse to Ware- . house, &c., in Liverpool Cotton Doublers Cotton M'facturers and Spinners Cotton Warp Sizers Cotton Waste Dealers Courts of Justice, &c. . r - • i •: ' i . Coverlet Manufactories : * Crane Manufactories Crate Manufactories Creosote Manufactories (uninsur- able ?) or Creosoting Works Cricket Bat, Ball, & Stump Makers Cricket Bat, Ball, and Stump Dealers only Cricketing Outfitters Crinoline Skirt Manufactories Crinoline Steel Manufactories, no covering done Cricket Shoe Spike Makers Crimping and Goffering Machine) Manufactories . '..^vwii...' J Croquet Manufactories i-i - Sundry Special Risks. - rj-s-.-j^ Sundiy Special Risks, if not otherwise under Cotton Mill tariff .^ . . Cotton Mills, V. 1 or 2, as per situation of Blowing Room. Calenders, &c.,if not part of a Cotton Mill risk Warehouses, if not ordinary Marine Store Dealers, V. policy. ■.■■■■ '-- 'v . . ' Hospitals, &c. ■ . . • ' " '■■ '■•' ' Cotton Mills, Hand Ijoom Weavers or Small- ware Manufacturers, v. tariff and policy. Engineers, &c. < t . Cabinet Makers, &c. * »■ < .; -i , .' . Sundry Special Risks. Cabinet Makers, &c. > ^u^^n^i > ^-i ;! ol • Cabinet Makers, &c. Drapers, &c., or otherwise, as per leading trade. i» ir'-r.-ui ^.: *>,* Smallware Manufacturers Engineers, &c. , . rl'i ';>i .':;'• ■ . ,.;f Engineers or Blacksmiths, &c., as per size of premises. ' • > w*, r,j^'. wi.-.u'^ * Engineers, &c. , . . , ^_ ,. Cabinet Makers, &c. Trade, &g. Cruet Frame Manufactories Curiosity Dealers - r- . Curled Hair Manufactories * Curriers and Leathersellers, if| • Currying done ) Curriers and Leathersellers, if no Currying done Curtain Hook and Ring M'factoriesj (metal) J Curtain Ring M'factories (wood) Cutlery and Tool Manufactories Cutlery and Tool Dealers (wholesale) only) . , ,-. . > j Cutlery and Tool Dealers (retail) • shops) ' •' ;. -• .•-• • I Cutlery Case M'factories (wood) Dagger Sheath Manufactories Dairymen and Cowkeepers Damask Manufactories « ■ i Dentists -^ "-■•' -' • ^ ^ Designers Desk and Dressing Case M'factories Die Sinkers and Forgers ^ > » Dining Rooms jr-"-, Class of Risk. Engineers, &c. . .. Tobacconists, &c., or Cabinet Makers, &c., " S.S." V. nature of stock. - Sundry Special Risks. ^ . ■ ; " Tanners, &c. - - - Bootmakers, &c. ,. - . - .■ . ■■:i7, ■ f., r - ^ , ~ '■-■ , ' , I ' Engineers, &c. ..,. Cabinet Makers, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or if large premises. Engineers, &c. Warehouses. Ironmongers, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c. Vide policy as to leading trade or materials, Stables, &c., or Grocers, &c., as per risk. Worsted Mills, or Flax Mills, as per material or risk. Dwelling-houses, or jewellers, &c., if mechanical. Counting-houses or otherwise, as per hazard of building. Cabinet Makers, &c. ' - Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per size of risk or premises. Coffeehouses, &c. 44 Tkade, &c. Class of Risk. Distilleries Dish cover Manufactories (metal, tinplate or wire) ,.. Dog Collar Manufactories ,i Doll Makers Door Furniture Manufactories Door Handle Manufactories Door Plate Manufactories and| Engravers ■' Drain Pipe Manufactories Drapers, wholesale only (no shop) Drapers (retail shops) Drawing Instrument Manufactories Dressing Case Instrument Manu- factories (cutlery) Drug Grinders Druggists (retail) Druggists (wholesale no shop) Druggists' Sundry men Drysalters' (no manufactory) Ware- houses Dyers (leather) Dyers (textile fabrics) Dye Manufactories f , • ^- Distilleries. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per size of risk. Engineers, &c., or otherwise, as per material or risk. Cabinet Makers, &c., (wood) or otherwise as per material or risk. ., , ,- ., , . . Engineers, &c. •-i. Engineers, &c. '-ti^^-i,,..:. * Engineers, &c. Potteries, &c. v..-.'. 'r v-- , Warehouses. Drapers, &c. '•■'' ,• ♦ s - Jewellers, &c., as Opticans, &c., or Engineers, &c., v. risk. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per size of risk. i, - m.. . ,^ : ,.. .. . - Drug Grinders, &c. Druggists, but if Mineral Oils kept, Oil and Colourmen. . .. . ,^ , >--, Warehouses. China, &c., Dealers, or otherwise v. stock kept. Warehouses. Tanners, &c. Bleachers, Dyers, &c., including Floating over various Works. Drug Grinders, &c., or Chemical, &c., Manufacturers, as per risk. Teade, &c. Class of Kisk. Dyewood Cutters and Dyeware Grinders Earring Manufactories (gold & gilt) Earring Manufactories (jet or imitation jet, &c.) ' Earth Boring Apparatus Makers Earthenware Manufactories Eating-houses Ebontine or Ebonite Manufactories Edge Tool Manufactories Egg Merchants and Dealers Elastic Thread, Bandage or Web) Manufactories ' Electro Plated Goods Manufactories Electrical Apparatus . . ■ - Electrotypers, Platers, and Gilders Embossing Press Manufactories Embroiderers Embroidering Works Emery Grinders Emery Wheel Makers Enamellers (jewel) '- Enamellers (iron, &c., ware) Engineers (mechanical) Engineers (civil, counting-houses) Engineers' Tool Makers > / Drug Grinders, &c. . Jewellers, &c. , > Sundry Special Risks. ' - Engineers, &c. Potteries, &c. - . Coffee-houses, &c. , ' India Rubber, &c.. Manufacturers. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per size of risk. , Warehouses (wholesale) Grocers, &c. (retail), Smallware Manufacturers. Engineers, &c. Jewellers, &c., as Opticians or Engineers, &c., V. extent of premises. Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. Drapers, &c., if shop. Smallware Manufacturers, &c. Sundry Special Risks. Vide full information. Jewellers, &c. - ,.. Potteries, &c., v. material, or fuller informa- tion in Policy. Engineers, &c. Counting-houses, or per risk. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per size, 46 Trade, &c. Class of Eisk. Engravers to Calico Printers Engravers, Metal (no printing) Engravers, Stone (lapidaries) Engravers, Wood ■ ; Exhibitions (public) Engine Turners (rose) Envelope Makers -■" Eye Glass Makers '■'■ .^ =^ • Eyelet Manufactories - • Esparto, stacked in open air Esparto, under cover (sheds or warehouses) Fancy Eepositories "^■ Farina Manufactories Farriers' Forges Feather Merchants • - vj Feather Workers, Cleaners, Dressers, and Dyers Fellmongers • Felted Cloth Manufactories, and Felt Manufactories Felt Hat Manufactories Fender Manufactories • ' ' ' Fent Dealers ^ i-. .*.'?i-f' i Ferrule Manufactories -^•■■h-- .-■■ Fibre M'factories (China grass, &c.) Sundry Special Risks. > ....■..' . Sundry Special Risks. Jewellers, &c. . - '.wM Cabinet Makers, &c. v i Music Halls, or Hospitals, &c., v. nature of contents. Jewellers, &c. -■'•■■u ■. -> .. :.,,,,!•;! Printers^ &c. >-. > ^"hj ■•,'.•''<. s'l Jewellers, &c. ^i-, >•; < i. u;? /iit'i Engineers, &c. !* .'. i 'I .^iivf Sundry Special Risks, (Paper Mills, if in risk thereof). . - - ■ . .^. > : . . . - .. Warehouses or Paper Mills, if in risk thereof. Tobacconists, &c. i i ■ i Oilmen's Store Manufacturers, or otherwis<^, say Corn Mills, if Dry Grinding. Blacksmiths, &c. .-•.■-.(.,.-'..?. Warehouses (no process). - ' *-''•■• "'MlI Sundry Special Risks. '\-A. Tanners, &c. • ?; ■ : : » Flax Mills, if Flax used; Sundry Special Risks, or otherwise. , " • i- ;• - Hat Manufacturers. }','>,"/' • » j Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per extent of risk. ' ■ - ^ ' Drapers, &c. > m 4 - ^ •.:■ i Engineers, &c. :^'' i»" -'^ -^ ' . Flax Mills, or otherwise, asper nature of risk- ^ Tbade, &c. Class of Risk. File Cutters and Manufacturers Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per -.„;.... .. -. extent of risk. : -,; 1 ■ ■ Filter Manufactories • ' ■ - • ' "' Potteries, &c., or as per material, &c , used. Fire Bar Manufactories Engineers, &c. Fire Bucket Manufactories (leather) Bootmakers, &c. ,::." Fire Engine Manufactories Engineers, &c. Fire Guard Manufactories Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per .-. ,.- ,,. •• ■'■ ■ extent of risk. Fire Iron Manufactories Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c.. as per «.,. .,. ... M.<.' 1 •'■■ extent of risk. Fire Iron Pan Manufactories Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., extent of risk. as per Fireproof Safe Manufactories Engineers, &c. . ' . Firework Manufactories (uninsur-j able) 1 Sundry Special Risks. • ." Fire Lighter Manufactories / , Cabinet Makers, &c. . - . : ' ; ' Fire Wood Dealers . •• .1 Cabinet Makers, &c., if splitting. . - Fire Wood Dealers ' ' ■ Timber Yards, if simply stored. Fish Curers Bacon, &c., Curers, - . -■ Fish Hook Manufactories Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as ] of premises. per size Fishing Net Manufactories ■ Roperies, &c., if not under Flax Mill tariff. Fishing Tackle Manufactories Cabinet Makers, &c., if wood working wise V. leading nature of risk. ; other- Fishing Tackle Dealers .. , Tobacconists, (fee. '. .'. ' : - Fishmongers Grocers, &c. Fish Sauce Manufactories .-:: Oilmen's Store Manufacturers. Flattening Mill Makers - ■ ■ Engineers, &c. -1. Flavine Manufactories . '^.' ••' Bvng Grinders, &c. Flax Spinners and Manufacturers Flax Mills, &c. 48 Tkade, &c. Class of Kisk. Flax Dealers Flax Scutchers ..h. - Flax Stacks Flint Grinders . / Flock Manufactories Flock Merchants and Dealers Floor Cloth Manufactories Flushing Manufactories i , Fluters ;-: Fog Signal M'factories (machine) Fog Signal M 'factories (detonating) Forge (portable) Manufactories Forging Machine Manufactories Forgers , ,. , * Foreign & Fancy Goods Importers Foreign & Fancy Goods Importers Fork Makers (steel) ',.'■■• . French Polishers ..-I Fringe Manufactories Frying Pan Manufactories Fruit Merchants (wholesale) Fruiterers and Greengrocers Fulling Millers Warehouses. i,-. Flax Scutching Mills. Farming Stock, or Sundry Special Eisks, v. situation. . i Potteries, &c., or Sundry Special Eisks, v. nature or connection with works. > Sundry Special Eisks. i ■. ,:"'.'!'' Warehouses or Cabinet MakerS; *' S.S.," vide risk. f »ii.^u:.j;r - i ; •= Floor or Oil Cloth Manufacturers. Woollen Mills. .. :. -: • .- . : > ■/ Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. Sundry Special Eisks (uninsurable ?) Engineers, &c. v i i. Engineers, &c. r.'.--M ;-..• . ;. ..•'■:' Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, v. size or extent of risk. - > wr , <. - Warehouses (wholesale, no shop). • j »(' ' Tobacconist, &c. (retail) j; 'i t .'■ Blacksmiths, tfcc, or Engineers, v. size or extent of risk. > < ixs '^ .it Cabinet Makers, &c., " S.S." Smallware Manufacturers. Engineers, &c. r ■ • x • Warehouses. , ;-.,„.^i Grocers, &c. Cloth Dressers, &c., if not under Woollen Mill tariff, or connected with Woollen Mill risks. 49 Tbade, &c. Fur and Skin Dressers and Dyers Furniture Brokers and Dealers Furniture Painters •" • •- • Furniture Polish Makers ^ ' Furriers (dealers only) Fustian Cutters Fustian Manufactories Galvanizers •;.'' " ■■ ■'' Game Bas Makers . .:rk.' ;. Class op Risk. Game Dealers Gannister Grinders Garden Engine Manufactories Garden Tool Manufactories • . . .; •'. i Garden Seat Makers (iron) ' Garden Seat Makers (wood) . • Gas Apparatus Makers Gas Burner Manufactories Gas Block Makers (wood) Gas Hook Makers Gas Fitters . .. ., . .. Gas Fitting Manufactories : ; ; Gas Holder Manufactories Gas Light Companies Gas Meter Manufactories -j;'- , Tanners, &c. , .: -i : ' .. ' Cabinet Makers, &c., '' S.S." Painters, &c. :• :- '.1^; i .'v Oilmen's Store Manufacturers Draj)ers, &c., or Tobacconists, v. leading trade Fustian Cutters : . i , > Handloom Weavers, Cotton Mills, or other- wise, V. tariff or risk. , Engineers, &c. .: , Bootmakers, &c., or otherwise, as per mate- rial or risk. ; Grocers, &c. Sundry Special Risks (material used for fire bricks, lining furnaces, &c.) Engineers, &c. - . : Engineers, &c., or Blacksmiths, &c., v. extent of risk. Engineers, &c. - :,; Cabinet Makers, &c. > Engineers, &c. • . ' j Engineers, &c. ■>'€- -■■utO Cabinet Makers, &c. . •■ :-^'>hi'\' .-^ :>■■■■<. o Engineers, &c., or Blacksmiths, v. extent of risk. . ' -s Painters, &c. (same as Plumbers). tJ Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. '.'. '-.'. •.' Gas Works or otherwise, as per nature of risk. , ;. .; Engineers, &c. ;c. . . ' m Trade, &c. Class op Eisk. General Dealers (shops not morcj particularly specified ) Gauge Makers (steam) Gauge Glass Manufactories German Silver Casters, Founders | ' and Manufacturers J Gilt Jewellery & Gilt Toy M'facts Gimlet Manufactories Gimp and Silk Cord Manufactories Glass Cutters and Grinders, no| Glass Making ) Glass Manufactories ; Glass, Emery & Sandpaper M'facts Glass Merchants (wholesale) Glass Merchants (retail shops) Glass Engravers Glass Gilders • ; Glass Painters Glass Stainers Glucose M'facts (for Brewers' use) Glove Manufactories (leather) Glove Manufactories (cloth & thread) Glue Manufactories Gold Beaters Gold, &c., Chain Manufactories Gold and Silver Lace Manufactories Gold and Silver Smelters Tobacconists, &c. Engineers, &c., or Jewellers, &c., as Opticians, v. nature or extent of works. Potteries, &c. . . ; . . Engineers, &c. Jewellers, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., v. extent of works. r, „ , ^ Smallware Manufacturers. Special Sundry Risks. Potteries, &c. Sundry Special Risks. Warehouses. * China, &c., Dealers. Sundry Special Risks. Sundry Special Risks. Painters, &c. Potteries, &c. * Sundry Special Risks. Tanners, &c. Smallware Manufacturers. Tanners, &c., or Sundry Special Risks, as per leading risk. Sundry Special Risks. : . ^ Jewellers, &c. , -< > .... Smallware Manufacturers. Sundry Special Risks. ■ •* ' '^ ' u Trade, &c. Gold Size Makers • • ■ - ^ - Goldsmiths, &c. Graining Comb Makers Grease Manufactories Greengrocers • "-^ Grindery Dealers (no currying) Grindstone Manufactories Grocers (wholesale only) Grocers and Tea Dealers Grocers and Spirit Dealers Grocers' Fittings Dealers Gum Manufactories Gunmakers Gun Implement Manufactories Gun Stockers Gun Case Makers (wood) Gun Wadding Manufactories Gun Powder Manufactories Gutta Percha Manufactories Gutta Percha Dealers (shops) Haberdashers Hackle and Gill Manufactories Hair Dressers and Perfumers Hair Seating Manufactories Hair Pin Manufactories Hair Workers (device) Class of Eisk. Sundry Special Eisks. Jewellers, &c. • Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per extent of risk. Oil Mills, &c. Grocers, &c. • Bootmakers, &c. Sundry Special Eisks. Warehouses. Grocers, &c. Grocers, &c. Ironmongers. ' • Oilmen's Store Manufacturers. ' Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per extent of risk. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per extent of risk. Cabinet Makers, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c. Sundry Special Eisks. (Uninsurable). India Eubber, &c., Manufacturers. Tobacconists, &c. Drapers, &c. Engineers, &c. Tobacconists, &c. Sundry Special Eisks. Engineers, &c., or if small risk, Blacksmiths, &c. Jewellers, &c. 52 Teade, &c. Cl:-S8 of Kisk. Hair Net Manufactories Hall Table Makers (iron) Ham and Bacon Curers i. Hame Makers . .;• " Hammer Manufactories Hammer Shaft Makers ; . ; u , Handcuff Makers Hardware Dealers Hardware Merchants (wholesale) Hardwood Turners Harmonium Makers • . r ; Harness Forgers -, , , Harness Manufactories Harness Front and Rosette Makers Hat Manufactories (silk and felt) Hat Block Makers Hat and Umbrella Stand Makers i (iron) Hat and Umbrella Stand Makers] (wood) Hatters' Shops (no hats made) Hat Box Makers (not leather) Hat Box Makers (leather) , , Hay, Straw, and Corn Dealers Heald and Slay Makers Heald Rug Makers . . per ■ '1 ' . ,■ per per Smallware Manufacturers. Eng'neers, &c. Bacon, &c., Curers. Blacksmiths, &c.,or Engineers, &c., as extent of risk. , , ^. ... ; .., Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as extent of risk, •. , . , .^. .; ,-, ,; Cabinet Makers , &c . . ; . ' ; ^ : ^ ( , , : . ^ ; , Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as extent of premises. . , ,f , ,, » i ,. . » Ironmongers. - ;• ' ■ ' i, Warehouses. ? ■ ' < - ' Cabinet Makers, &c. .,..\ . . Pianoforte, &c.. Manufacturers. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as extent of risk or premis^s. , .,, ■,),.,, Bootmakers, &c. Smallware Manufacturers. Hat Manufacturers. — ..;;,'' . , > Cabinet Makers, &c. .' - 7 ^ i ; .. Engineers, &c. per n Cabinet Makers, &c. Hatters " S.S." Cabinet Makers, &c. Bootmakers, &c. Stables, &c. .• , ,. - , , ^ ., • j Sundry Special Risks. Sundry Special Risks. ^^- ., ; ,^ . , d& Trade, &c. Class op Kisk. Heald Yarn Manufactories Heraldic Painters ■ Herbalists' Shops . • ' ' Herring Curers .•"^^"If ';;•-, Hide and Leather Factors Homoeopathic Kepositories Hollow Ware Manufactories (iron) Hook and Eye Manufactories Hoop Makers (wood) :.; 'i (. -? Hoop Makers (iron) ,^-\.->.i- •> Horse Collar Makers Horsehair, Manufacturers in Horticultural Builders .. ;,. . Hose Piping (engine) Manufactories I (leather) . .: ■' Hosiers and Glovers' Shops Hospitals, Dispensaries, Homes,) • &c. ..V . ■■ ^ . ..-,. ^ Hot Water Apparatus Manufactories Hotels Hot Pressers House Decorators Houses (private dwellings) • ^ ■ Hucksters' Shops Hurdle Makers (iron) ■.''' t: ,-'.■- ~ Hurdle Makers (wood) Worsted Mills, v. tariff and policy. ' - Painters, &c. . -i", < „.; r ' ■.■ ■ Tobacconists, &c. -i.- '!-.:.'>■''/ Bacon, &c., Curers. "••'>;;!.'!■ Warehouses. ■-:■•': ;' • " ' • ' / ^; Druggists, &c. "^ ^r •* ':• : '-- '-/'i Engineers, &c. . r.'^ :? . ',-. . [..•.. .'• j; Engineers, &c. - ■- •■ ."' ' Cabinet Makers, &c. " - • - } ' - " ' , Blacksmiths, &c,, or Engineers, &c., as per extent of risk. . - ■ ;- "., • Bootmakers, &c. ;' . • ..[ Sundry Special Risks. Cabinet Makers, &c., when greenhouses, &c., in course of erection. Thatched, &c., buildings. - . ^ . : ; , • - Bootmakers, &c. -i . .' _ Drapers, &c. ;■}■, . ~ ■,./:.' ;; ■ Hospitals, &c. Engineers, &c. Hotels, &c. ■ " ■' ••\ -.- ]-j^' ./, Calenders, &c. ^- ' .r ■,--■.. , .\ Painters, &c. ' - •• , • , ..; Dwellinghouses. Grocers, &c., if Mineral Oils kept, Oil and Colourmen. : ' • i i - Engineers, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c. 54* Trade, &c. Class op Risk. Hydraulic Press & Machine Makers Hydropathic Estabiishmeiits Ice Safe Manufactories ■ ' Ice Manufactories India Eubber and Gutta Percha, dealers in articles of India Eubber and Gutta Pereha| Manufactories * ' Ink Manufactories (writing) Ink Manufactories (printing) Inlaid Work Manufactories (wood or in wood) v. . Infirmaries . ■;;: . Inkstand Makers - ' Invalid Carriage Manufactories Iron Braziers Iron Bucket Manufactories Iron Candlestick Makers Iron Casters (see Founders) Iron Bedstead Manufactories Iron Bridge Manufactories Iron Smelters or Iron M'factories Iron Founders .-•• - Iron Hurdle and Fence M'factories Ironmongers Engineers, &c. ;..;j> m, ; )i ...(.: Hospitals, &c. ■;■:. ■■ i '■ : !' Cabinet Makers, &c. Sundry Special Risks. . — Tobacconists, &c. India Rubber, &c.. Manufacturers. Oilmen's Store Manufacturers. ';:•.■.:: Sundry Special Risks. ■ - ,;/ i ^^ Cabinet Makers, &c. Hospitals, &c. • • • • "-' Engineers, &c.. Potteries, &c., or Cabinet Makers, &c., as per material used. Cabinet Makers, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per extent of risk. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per extent of risk. '^ ■ Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per extent of risk. - ' *' - ' < ' Engineers, &g. Engineers, &c. -. •■'; Engineers, &c. r ? : , - ,. ; Engineers, &c. ■ v - ;' Engineers, &c. Ironmongers, if Mineral Oils kept, Oil a»d- Colourmen. i,a.^... . i -.-ns. > ,. m Trade, &o. Class of Risk. Iron Planers . Engineers, &c. Iron Plate Workers Blacksmiths or Engineers, as per relative extent of risk. Iron Roofing Manufactories Engineers, &c. : Iron Square Manufactories Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per relative extent of risk. Iron Tank Manufactories Engineers, &c. Iron Tube Manufactories Engineers, &c. Iron Wheelbarrow Manufactories Engineers, &c. Iron Wire Manufactories Engineers, &c. Italian Warehousemen (shops) Grocers, &c. Ivory and Bone Toy Makers Sundry Special Risks. Ivory and Bone Turners Ivory and Bone Turners, if also Hardwood or Wood Ivory, Bone, Mother of Pearl and Tortoiseshell Workers Japanners (metal) Japanners (wood) Japanners (leather) Jet and Jet Ornament M'factories Jewellers Jewellers' Stampers Jewellery Case Makers Sundry Special Risks. Cabinet Makers, &c. Sundry Special Risks. Sundry Special Risks, if sole trade, or otherwise to leading feature of risk, say Engiceers, &c., as Tin and Iron Plate Workers. Sundry Special Risks, if sole trade, or otherwise to leading feature of risk, say Cabinet Makers, &c. Tanners, &c. Sundry Special Risks. Jewellers, &c. Jewellers, &e., or v. policy or risk. Sundry Special Risks, or Cabinet Makers, &c., V. material or policy. 56 Trade, &c. Class of Kisk. Jews' Harp Makers Job Masters', i. e. Car Proprietors', &c., Stables Joiners and Carpenters Joiners' Tool Manufactories Kibbling Mills Label Manufactories (metal) Label Manufactories (paper) Laboratories of Analysts, &c. Lace Manufactories Lace Dressers and Dyers Lacemen (wholesale, no shop) Lacemen (retail) Lacquer Manufactories Ladder and Barrow Makers Lamp Manufactories . Lamp Glass Cutters (no glass i making) I Lamp and Lamp Oil Dealers Lamp Black Makers Lamp Cotton Makers . . \ : Lapidaries di,. Lard Makers or Refiners Last and Boot Tree Manufactories Lasting Manufactories Lath Renders . jy . ■ff il 1-';. ... .1 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per extent of risk. .....;. , -...,. ;, Stables, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c. .. ...;..'.- Engineers, &c.. No. 2. Stables, &c. Engineers, &c. ,,...,;: Printers, &c. . .. ; Sundry Special Risks. . jr.' ,;, % Lace Manufacturers. • i i. // • t.; Bleachers, &c. ^ .,. * ; ' ^ > i ; Warehouses. i .m. i tj; • > . . Drapers, &c. ■•■:v ? ;- ;! Colour and Varnish Manufacturers, as Varnish Manufacturers. Cabinet Makers, &c. Engineers, &c., unless small w^orkshops, then Blacksmiths, &c. Sundry Special Risks. Oil and Colourmen. !.,("// -t :;.•'. (Uninsurable) Smallware Manufacturers, if not otherwise Cotton Mill tariff. Jewellers, &c. ■ . n • ■.,! Oil Mills, &c. .i.'nriT. Cabinet Makers, &c. — -^ Worsted Mills, or v. tariff. Cabinet Makers, &c. Teade, &c., a:-" /.J.:: Lathe Manufactories Laundries 1, ' J i/i — ■ Lead Manufactories, or Lead Smelt- 1 ing Works ^ Lead (white and red) Manufactories Lead Pipe Manufactories Leather Dealers or Cutters, no) Currying , I Leather Dressers or Carriers Leather Manufacturers, or Tanners, &c. Leather Enamellers or Japanners Leather Cloth Manufactories Leather Case Makers . Leather Goods Manufactories (fancy) Leather Pipe and Bucket Makers Leather Lace Manufactories, (white) Leather Gilders ._. Leather Legging Makers ' ,-; ' Leggings Spring Manufactories Lemonade, &c.. Manufactories Letter Clip Makers Letter Cutters (metal) * "' ' ~ Letter Cutters (wood) Libraries (Public) ,^ . ■ Lifting Jack Makers Lighthouse Apparatus Manufac- tories Class ojf Exsk. JBngineers, &c. _ . ' . :. Sundrj; Special Kisks, or if on extra large scale, Bleachers, &c. ,; . . : , i- ' Engineers, &c. Chemical, &c.. Manufacturers. iv; : Engineers, &c. -. .' 1 • /.J Bootmakers, &c. Tanners, &c. Tanners, &c. Tanners, &c. Floor or Oil Cloth Manufacturers. ": ; Bootmakers, &c. _\* Bootmakers, &c. ' i , - ; , r c ' . ': i Bootmakers, &c. Tanners, &c., or Bootmakers, &c., v. process./ Sundry Special Eisks. Bootmakers, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per. extent of risk. Soda, &c., Water Manufacturers. •; ' ■ Engineers, &c. •;' Engineers, &c. ;. l . ;,- - Cabinet Makers, &c. , •.•.•.,..!' Hospitals, &c. .^ .:i;*o :; Engineers, &c. v: ; . ;" . Engineers, &c. ...;. j^'f...:' . .','- m Trade, &c. Lightning Conductor Manufactories Lime Burners ' '' ■'" Linen Manufacturers and Weavers Linen and Cloth Button Manufac- tories :; iii Linen Bleachers Linsey Manufactories Lint Mills Liquorice Manufacturers or Kefiners Literary and Scientific Institutions Litharge Manufactories Livery Button Manufactories Livery Stable Keepers Lodging-house Keepers (private) Locksmiths -'/■}> . Logwood Grinders Looking Glass Manufactories (no working in- wood) Looking Glass Manufactories (if working in wood) Loom Makers (power) ^'^'/i :•' Loom Makers (handloom) Lubricator Makers Lucifer Match Manufactories • - Lunatic Asvlums Class op Kisk. i Engineers, &c. ■:-"i (Uninsurable — kilns). "* Flax Mills, or Hand-loom Weavers, v. tariff or description. Smallware, &c., Manufacturers. Bleachers, &c., or Beetling Mills, if beetling only done. " Worsted Mills, or Hand-loom Weavers, v. tariff or description. i Flax Mills, V. tariff or description. Sundry Special Kisks, or Confectionery Manufacturers, v. process or description Hospitals, &c. --• ff 1. '■ j.ji:,.,i Chemical, &c., Manufacturers. i'l7i i.1. Engineers, &c. ''■' ■ i ' j i' '>•', iT Stables, &c. ;.' > ^ -: j Dwelling-houses. ' * •^^'' ^ Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per extent of risk. -^ Drug, &c.. Grinders. ;.' i: >.;;•.>.! Sundry Special Risks. Cabinet Makers, &c. ,7, .^.'Ofl U .•■1 I Engineers, &c. (i>cn^^; ^v );;. > } r .1 Cabinet Makers, &c. ^o^l'i. 'j . r Engineers, &c. (Uninsurable). aijM . SiyMx*».HA ohi;oir-..i,,uI Hospitals, &c. ai/iiQ^ 59 Trade, &o. Class of Risk. Sundry Special Risks. Lustre Manufactories (no glass) | r making) i Lustre Manufactories (glass made) I Potteries, &c Machine Owners (threshing for hire) Machine Owners (drill for hire) Machine Rulers Machine Stitchers • . , .'m ^ . : ' !"!• J 5 1'. t< 'iV. [I Farm Outbuildings, &c. ('.■v^ ;^;0..H Machine Knife Makers Machine Oil Feeder Manufactories Machine Plane Makers Machine Spring Manufactories Machine and Mill Strap Makers Machine Tool Makers , Machinists Magnet Makers and Ship Compass Needle Makers Magnet Electric Machine Makers Mahogany Merchants Makers Up and Packers, no Cal- endering or Hot Pressing Malt Crushers ^,, .,,• Maltsters Farm Outbuildings, &c. Printers, &c. , ; Drapers, &c., or Smallware Manufacturers, as per speciality of risk. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per extent of risk. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c , as per extent of risk. Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. Bootmakers, &c., if no Currying; if Curry- ing to Tanners, &c. Engineers, (fee. Engineers, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per extent of risk. Engineers, &c., or Jewellers, &c,, as similar to Opticians. Timber Yards, Saw Mills, or Cabinet Makers, * V. working in wood, in risk thereof, or otherwise. Warehouses, or if Calendering or Hot Pressing to Calenderers, &c. Brewers, &c. .'..;..- ^ .:;;;.• 11 Brewers, &c. 60 Trade, &e. - Manchester Warehousemen (whole- sale) Manchester Warehousemen (retail shop) Mangle Makers Class op Eisk. .tVJ r ., Mantle Makers Manufacturing Chemists «> ^ Manure Manufactories (artificial) Marine Store Dealers - •■ - ' ^^ ■ Market Halls or Public Markets Marking Ink Makers •- «■ Marble and Slate Works •-• ■ Mark Makers (brand) •'-' .'0 Marlin Spike Manufactories Mast and Block Makers Mat Manufactories Mathematical Instrument Makers Mattress Makers' Shops ''"'' 7 ■"" Mechanics' Institutions • -'' " •' Measuring Chain Makers '- > ■"■'. Measuring Tape Case Makers * -f - ..J.: J'}^' ^F orv;,r„,,7/ Warehouses. '^^v ^-^^ i-^"i-.>^-^. Viiiro. Drapers, &c. _ . ' ., ^ . . , , - ,;;'j i; • -.- ^ - Cabinet Makers, &c., or Engineers, &c^, v. particulars of risk. ••'/' ■■"^- • Drapers, &c. Chemical, &c., Manufacturers. Chemical, &c., Manufacturers. Marine Store Dealers. Sundry Special Eisks. Sundry Special Eisks, or otherwise, v. lead- ing features. Sundry Special Eisks. ->^*^^^ '^.■^i.-^m^':^i}^J' Blacksmiths, &c., or lingineers, as per extent of premises. ■ ^ ■ "-' • • Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per extent of premises. ■ • : >:-^' Cabinet Makers, &c. • •^•' -' •''''^ • ' Sundry Special Eisks, or Eoperies, &c., v. material or process. ■:.:.. >.,...>. Jewellers, &c., as Opticians or Engineers, V. extent of risk or leading features. Sundry Special Eisks. '^'-''=^^----- ;— -^-'' -^-^^ Hospitals, &c., or Churches, v. description or leading feature. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, ^c, v. extent of premises. •- - •*- •-- ;..--■■•"-- Engineers, &c., or otherwise,'- v. -^material u&ed, &c. v^r::ii:.L m Trade, &g. Medical Botanists re: ' ■ .. Mediaeval Metal Workers - : • Metal Button Makers ^ Metal Extracting Works by Chemical processes Metal Sheathing Manufactories . Metal Spinners Metal Turners ' • , - • Metal Workers generally Microscope Makers ^•' •- '- - ^' '■< Millstone Manufactories ^ ••'■-' :" Mill Makers (coffee, &c.) ■ '■ ^ > Military & Naval Ornament Manu- factories Millwrights ^ v'-' ;>' 'vr: 'to ir ,-.. Mineral Water Manufactories Miners' Tool Makers " • Milliners and Dressmakers ' c Modellers in Plaster of Paris or Cement Mohair Manufacturers' & Spinners Mop Makers (woollen, no wood i \ working) -J ., -■■ r. ^ , ' Moreen Manufactories Mortar Grinders MoiTlding.Manufactories (wood) Moulding Manufactories (irony ' Municipal Buildings .;. hn:- .•' Class of Bisk, Tobacconists, &c. : . . . _ : Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. .iha ''■)■: jii^'-l: Chemical, &c.. Manufacturers. y. ■-:f? Engineers, &(3. - uT •.•r::- Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. ' " .r'r ■ v :.J '" ^ ji- Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c[, as per material or extent of premises. '-^.\ Jewellers, &c., as Opticians, :.- . . -• ^ ' "K Sundry Special Risks. . : . . • '/ \' !> -f^ Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. ' '.^C ?.:-''::_ ^ Soda, &c., Water Manufacturers. /.'.... Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per extent of risk. . • ..^ .: _ '.\ . : Drapers, &c. '.'.:.. :; / '. . ,. Sundry Special Risks. Worsted Mills. -: '. Y ..r '-^rs-k r.;:; Sundry Special Risks. k: '\ Worsted Mills. Sundry Special Risks. Cabinet Makers, &c. Engineers, &c. Hospitals, &c. ■i ■.(••- :y Tf* V i'.Ofi 62 Trade, &c. Class op Eisk. Mungo Manufactories Mungo and Shoddy Warehouses Mule Makers Music Halls Music and Musical Instrument | Dealers i Musical Instrument String Manu-) factories Museums (public) Mustard Manufactories Nail Manufactories Nail Bag Manufactories Naphtha Manufactories Nautical Instrument Makers Nautical Instrument Dealers Neatsfoot Oil Manufactories Needle Manufactories Net Manufactories News Agents and Vendors Newspaper Oftices, printing therein Newspaper OiSices, no printing Sundry Special Risks, or Woollen Mills, v. description or tariff. Warehouses. r'l^diM .: fv ! :l j]^ Engineers, &c. V; vri.i-.. •;!:'' ^r'r}^i[ Music Halls, &c. - r ;. ,, v ^' ) Cabinet Makers, &c., " S.S." "'''"' ^ " •" Sundry Special Risks. News Rooms (public) Nipper Manufactories Noil Spinners Hospitals, &c. Oilmen's Store Manufacturers. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per extent of risk. Roperies, &c., or Flax Mills, v. tariff or description. Uninsurable, or otherwise Sundry Special Jewellers, &c., as Opticians. Jewellers, &c., as Opticians. ; [[ Oil Mills, &c. Engineers, &c. Roperies, &c., or Flax Mills, v. tariff or description. Booksellers, &c. ' , . . ; Printers, &c. Counting-houses, if nothing more hazardous in building. Hospitals, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per extent of risk. Flax Mills, V. tariff. i ; /l C 63 Trade, &c. Glass o^ Kisk. Nursery and Seedsmen's Shops Grocers, &c. ■ . '/ Nut Cracker Manufactories \ Nut and Bolt Manufactories [ Nut Pick Manufactories Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c. extent of risk. , as per ■»■■■- .■ ' • Oat Cake Manufactories Bread Bakers, &c. ' . / .' ;;; Oil Manufactories Oil Mills, &c. Oil Eeliners and Seed Crushers Oil Mills, &c. "' Oil Cloth Manufactories . - Floor or Oil Cloth Manufacturers. Oil and Colourmen . ;' Oil and Colourmen. Opera Glass Manufactories Jewellers, &c., as Opticians. Optical Glass Grinders, no glass making Opticians Orchil and Cudbear Manufactories Ordnance Forging Manufactories Organ Builders - . ■ Organ Metal Pipe Manufactories Ostrich Feather Manufactories Outfitters .',.,- ••■^ Outfitters (ladies) Oasthouses Packing Case Makers Pail Manufactories (wood) .v^ Pail Manufactories (iron) i^ihi Paint Manufactories .r- Z Painters and House Decorators Paper Bag Makers ..^..^ *j^.i ., Paper Box Makers • . . ■ i jfyni: Paper Collar Makers .' l Sundry Special Risks. Jewellers, &c. ' Drug, &c.. Grinders. Engineers, &c. Pianoforte, &c., Manufacturers. Engineers, &c. Sundry Special Risks. Drapers, &c. Drapers, &c. Farm Outbuildings. - Cabinet Makers, &c. - ■ > Cabinet Makers, &c. '' • '' ''- -'' Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per extent of risk. - >...!» . Colour, &c.. Manufacturers^'"--- '- ' . ' ' Painters, &c. >-.*'.; . ■'. ■ " . • ' Printers, &c. Papier Mache, &c.. Manufacturers. Papier Mach6, &c.. Manufacturers. ► 64 Trade, &0; _ ,:; Class qp! Risk. Paper Hangers Painters, &c.c. ;v>-J: c ,..;... ■:■',:. ; . •. - i rl Paper Hanging Dealers Painters, &c. ' gok '5:^?i'*T::rj K M-iLv'^n . ^'nK Paper Hanging Manufactories, or| Paper Stainers ) Papier Mache, &c., Manufacturers. Paper Manufactories fC . . Paper Mills. • i'-l/i'. :. : h;' * Paper Knife Manufactories Sundry Special Risks. : •o-'>nUnrJ '\ ii'') Paper Mould Makers . : Papier Mache, &c., Manufacturers. , u^t Paper Tube Makers .. dlclO Papier Mache, &c.. Manufacturers. . '- ■ . Papier Mache Manufactories Papier Mache, &c.. Manufacturers. . '\) Papier Mache Bedstead M'factories Papier Mache, &c.. Manufacturers. .^ . ^.:;0 Paraffine Candle Makers Oil Mills, &c. ... c\ ■.■■..:_ . .... I-: ;\^-) Paraffine Oil Dealers Oil and Colourmen. ;..'.•. :Xi Parchment and Vellum M'factories Tanners, &c. '*•■;!* '■';■) Pasteboard Makers Papier Mache, &c.. Manufacturers. K; I •.A) Patten Makers Cabinet Makers, &c. Patten Eing Makers • ,.[£ ./■:, . Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as extent of risk. . . . _„ \. . .: . per Pattern Makers (wood), distinct ..:^0 trade, unconnected with Ma- Cabinet Makers, &c. '''^ ■^■ .i)ir> chinists, and like 7 .: _ r'^b.:-!.) ::ij-ti a^a'^ Pattern Card Makers, for Weaving, ] &C. ../J ... Sundry Special Risks. ■ >/>/> Pawnbrokers o.; ^: . Pawnbrokers . , ' ;. ^ , . ]. ••. : '. Pearl Cutters and Workers . Sundry Special Risks. -:['} s -.. . . .... . Pencil Manufactories (cedar) Cabinet Makers, &c. Pencil Case Makers (gold and silver) Jewellers, &c. ' :."'"■ v.* J '' li All i. Penholder Manufactories Cabinet Makers, &c., or otherwise V.' ,. description and risk. .;j. .. Perambulator Manufactories Cabinet Makers, &c. '_:„, ,_ :.:.'j - . r- r ■ ^' I'ercussion Cap Makers, no filling Engineers, &c. aioi^Lt" TivsX) 'i AfiU m Teade, &c. Class of Eisk. Perfumers (manufacturers) Perfumers (dealers) Pewterers Philosophical Instrument Makers Philosophical Instrument Dealers Photographers Photographic Apparatus Makers Photographic Chemists Pianoforte Dealers ' Pianoforte Fret Cutters Pianoforte Manufactories Pianoforte Spring Makers Pick Handle Makers ^ Picker Manufactories Pickle and Sauce Manufactories Picture Dealers Picture Galleries (public) Picture and Looking-glass Frame Manufactories ' *' ' ' -•': Pin Manufactories i v, Picture Eod Manufactories Piers or Promenades Pipeclay Manufactories Pipe (Smoking) Manufactories Pill Box Manufactories Sundry Special Eisks. Tobacconists, &c. Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c., or Jewellers, &c., as Opti- cians, V. description or extent of risk. Jewellers, &c. Photographers. Cabinet Makers, &c., or otherwise, as per description and processes. Chemical, &c., Manufacturers, or Sundry Special Eisks, as per description. Cabinet Makers, &c., " S.S." Pianoforte, &c.. Manufacturers. Pianoforte, &c.. Manufacturers. Pianoforte, &c., Manufacturers. Cabinet Makers, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c., or Engineers, &c., v. description. Oilmen's Store Manufacturers. Cabinet Makers, &c., '' S.S." Hospitals, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c., or Sundry Special Eisks, V. description as to wood working or otherwise. Engineers, &c. _. , . Engineers, &c. Sundry Special Eisks. : , ? . Potteries, &c. Potteries, &c. Papier Mache, &c., Manufacturers, 66 Trade, &c. Pitch and Tar Manufactories Plane Makers Plane Iron Manufactories Plaster of Paris Manufactories Plaster of Paris Modellers Plate Chest Makers (wood) Plate Glass Manufactories Plumbers and Glaziers Plush Manufacturers Pocket Book Manufacturers Pocket Book Lock Manufacturers Police Stations, &c. Polishing Paste and Plate Powder Manufactories Pork Butchers ■Potatoe Merchants or Dealers Potteries Poulterers and Game Dealers Powder Flask Manufacturers Power Loom Makers Power Loom Weavers Printers, Letterpress, Copperplate, | or Lithographic • i Class of Risk. Uninsurahle,otherwise Sundry Special Risks. Cabinet Makers, &c., or Engineers, v. leading manufacture. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per extent of risk. Potteries. • ' - • ^ ■ ■ \ Sundry Special Risks. Cabinet Makers, &c. Potteries, &c. Painters, &c. Hand-loom Weavers, Worsted Mills, or otherwise, v. tariff and description of risk. Printers, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, v. extent of risk. Hospitals, &c. Oilmen's Store Manufacturers. Grocers, &c., or if sausage manufacturing or lard rendering, Bacon, &c., curers, as per description. Grocers, &c., or otherwise, as per description where stored. : . > Potteries, &c. Grocers, &c. Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. Cotton or other Mills, v. description & tariff. i-u>v:;;^id^.i! Printers, &c. v^'Sfb ^7. Trade, &c. Class of Risk. Printers, Calico, &c. Printers' Engineers or Machine Makers Printing Ink Manufactories Printers' Joiners Print Sellers Prisons Provision Dealers Provision Merchants (wholesale) Public Houses Pulley Block Manufactories (wood) Pulley Block Manufactories (iron) Pump Manufactories (iron) Pump Manufactories (wood) Purse Makers (leather) Quilt Manufactories Quoit Manufactories Race Stands, &c. Rag Grinders Rag Merchants and Dealers Rail Manufactories Railways, risks thereon generally Railway Axle Manufactories Railway Carriage and Waggon bldrs Bleachers, &c. Engineers, &c. Sundry Special Risks. Cabinet Makers, &c. Booksellers, &c., or Cabinet Makers, &c., " S.S.," as Picture Dealers, v. description. Hospitals, &c. Grocers, &c. Warehouses. Hotels, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c. Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c. Bootmakers, or Printers and Bookbinders, as per nature of leading risk. Hand-loom Weavers, or otherwise^ as per nature of leading risk or tariff. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per extent of risk. Stables, &c., or otherwise, v. construction. Sundry Special Risks, or Woollen Mills, v. description or tariff. Warehouses, or Marine Store Dealers, v. description. Engineers, &c. Railways, &c. Engineers, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c., No. 2. 68 Tbade, &c. Class of Kisk. Railway Carriage and Wagon Spring 1 1 Manufactories. Eailway Plant Manufactories Railway Point and Crossing Manu- factories Ratchet Brace Manufactories Razor Case Manufactories Razor Paste Manufactories Razor Strop Manufactories Reading Rooms or News Rooms (public) Red Lead Manufactories Reed Rib Makers Refiners (brass) Refiners (gold and silver) Refreshment Rooms Refrigerator Manufactories Relief and Colour Stampers Repp Makers (fancy) Ribbon Manufactories f" Rice Mills Retort Makers (iron) Retort Makers (fire clay) Retort Makers (glass) Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. ' ""'' Engineers, &c. , Engineers, &c. Papier Mache, &c., Manufacturers or other- wise, as per material and descrip- tion. Sundry Special Risks, or v. leading manu- facture. Bootmakers, &c. Hospitals, &c. ' '. V 1 ', ■I- ..I' Chemical, &c., Manufactiii-^rs. Cabinet Makers, &c. '' Engineers, &c. Sundry Special Risks. Coffee Houses, &c., or Railways, if on Rail- way Stations. Engineers, &c. Printers, &c. Handloom Weavers, or Worsted Mills, v. description or tariff. Silk Mills or Smallware Manufacturers, v' description or material. RiceMHls. ■'■ '■ -J-^'i^^ Engineers, fek'"^'-'^ /- .:- -^ . - ,:, Potteries, &c. '■'^^^'^^ .- " -- Potteries, (fee. ^^^'^^^ • • ^''''' -.-^nErL^ -luru^^" 69 Teade, &c. Class of Risk. Eivet Manufactories Rockinghorse Makers Roller Coverers Rolling Board Makers Rope and Twine Manufactories Rope and Twine Dealers (shops) Rope and Twine Dealers (ware- houses only) Rule Manufactories (steel) Rule Manufactories (wood & ivory) Rule Joint Manufactories Sacking Manufactories Saddle Tree Manufactories Saddlers and Harness M'facturers . (no Saddle Trees made) Saddlers' Ironmongery M'factories Sailmakers Sail Cloth Manufactories Sailors* Palm Makers Sailors' Homes Salt Manufactories Sauce Manufactories Saw Grinding Machine Makers Saw Handle Makers Saw Manufacturers , ' ' ■■ ■ i ■ Saw Mills Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per extent of risk. Cabinet Makers, &c. Sundry Special Risks. Cabinet Makers, &c. Roperies, &c. Tobacconists, &c. Warehouses, if unconnected with Roperies. Engineers, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c. Engineers, &c. Roperies or Flax Mills, v. description or tariff. Cabinet Makers, &c. Bootmakers, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per extent of premises. Ship Chandlers, &c. Flax Mills, V. tariff. Bootmakers, &c. Hospitals, &c. Saltworks. Oilmen's Store Manufacturers. Engineers, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per extent of risk. Saw Mills. 70 Trade, &c. Class of Risk. Scale Board Cutters Scale Beam Manufactories Scale and Weight Manufactories Scarf Manufactories Schools (public) Schools, (private boarding) Screw Manufactories (wood) Screw Manufactories (iron) Screw- Stock, Tap, and Die Manu- factories. Scribbling Millers Sculptors Scythe Shaft Manufactories Scythe Blade Manufactories Seed Crashers Seedsmen's Shops Serge Manufactories Sewing Cotton Manufactories Sewing Machine Manufactories Shawl and Shawl Cloth M'factories Shawl and Mantle Warehousemen Ship Biscuit Bakers Ship Builders (include all risks | within yard) J Cabinet Makers, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per extent of premises. Jiingmeers, &c. Handloom Weavers, Silk Mills, Woollen Mills, &c., V. tariff and description. Churches, &c. Dwelling Houses. Cabinet Makers, &c. Engineers, &c. * -i. Engineers, &c. Woollen Mills, v. tariff. ' Sundry Special Eisks. Cabinet Makers, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per extent of premises. Oil Mills, &c. Grocers, &c. Woollen Mills, v. tariff. Cotton Mills, Smallware Manufacturers, or V. tariff and description. Engineers, &c. Woollen Mills or otherwise, v. tariff and description. Drapers, &c., retail, Warehouses, wholesale, no shop. Ship, &c.. Biscuit Mauufacturers. Shipbuilding Yards. 71 Trade, &c. Class op Risk. Ship Cabin Manufactories,! or| Ship Joiners i Ship Chandlers Ship Carvers Ship Riggers (no working in wood) Ship Smiths Ships in Harbour (not in ship building yards) Ships in Harbour (in shipbuilding | yards) , , i Ships' Flag Bunting M'factories Ships' Flag Makers Shirt Manufactories Shoddy Manufactories . ■' :0i/ Shoddy Merchants and Dealers Shoe Rivet Manufactories Shoe Thread Manufactories Shoe Heel and Toe-plate M'factories Shop Front Builders Shopkeepers, or Shops, non-\ hazardous, rated at 2s. per! cent., being unoccupied, or ! trade not specified ' Cabinet Makers, &c. . > • . v ; Ship Chandlers, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c. , Ship Chandlers, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per extent of premises. Ships in Harbour, as per respective ports. Shipbuilding Yards. Worsted Mills, or Hand-loom Weavers, as per description or tariff. Ship Chandlers, &c., or as per descrip- tion. Smallware Manufacturers or otherwise, as per description. Woollen Mills, or Sundry Special Risks, as per description or tarilBf. Warehouses. Engineers, &c. Flax Mills or otherwise, as per tariff or description. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per extent of premises. Cabinet Makers, &c. Grocers, &c. 72 Trade, &c. Class of Eisk. Shopkeepers, or Shops, accounted hazardous, owing to rate of 2s. 6d. or upwards, trade not specified, or various trades in block communicating, other- wise unprovided for in Classi- fication Shot and Shell Makers, no filling Show Case Makers ,: > •'■ . . ; Shovel Makers Shuttle Makers (wood) Shuttle Tip and Spring Makers Sieve Makers (no working in wood) Sieve and Riddle Rim or Ring Makers Silk and Silk Velvet Manufactories Silk Mercers Silk Printers Silk Spinners and Throwsters Silk Warp Sizers Silver Brushers Silver Buffers Silver Piercers Silver Polishers Silver Rollers Silver Turners Silversmiths' Manufactories Shops Hazardous. iKi'/'i ■:, ' / .fair'. Engineers, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per extent of premises, or working in wood. Cabinet Makers, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c,, as per relative extent, &c., of risk. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per relative extent, &c., of risk. Cabinet Makers, &c. Silk Mills. Drapers, &c. Bleachers, &c. Silk Mills. Calenderers, &c. Jewellers, &c. Jewellers, &c. Jewellers, &c. Jewellers, &c. Jewellers, &c. Jewellers, &c. Jewellers, &c. ;^;i-f- yXi-^iy >:ij U :i ; ... jH 73 Trade, &c. Class of Risk. Silversmiths' Shop Silversmiths' Tool Makers * . Singeing Lamp Manufactories Size Manufactories Sizers Skate Manufactories Skating Rinks Slipper Manufactories Smallware Dealers •'' Smallware Manufactories Smiths, Blacksmiths, or Farriers Snuff Manufactories Snuffers Makers Soap Boilers or Manufacturers Soap Ash Manufactories Soap Powder Manufactories Soda Ash Manufactories Soda Water, Lemonade, Manufactories Sofa, Couch, and Chair Makers Solder Manufactories Spade and Shovel Shaft Manu factories Spade and Shovel Manufactories Spanner Makers Spectacle Makers &C.,) 1 Jewellers, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per relative extent, &c., of risk. Engineers, &c. Sundry Special Risks. Calenderers, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c. as per extent of risk. Music Halls, &c. Bootmakers, &c. Drapers, &c. Smallware Manufacturers. Blacksmiths, &c. Tobacco, &c., Manufacturers. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per relative extent of risk. Oil Mills, &c. Chemical, &c., Manufacturers. Chemical, &c.. Manufacturers. Chemical, &c., Manufacturers. Soda, &c.. Water Manufacturers. Cabinet Makers, &c. Engineers, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per relative extent, &c., of risk. Engineers, &c. Jewellers, &c. M 74 Trade, &c. Class of Kisk. Spectacle Case Makers Spectacle Frame Makers Spermaceti Refiners Spindle and Flyer Makers Spirit Fountain Makers Spiral Cutters and Ledger Blad Manufacturers Spiral Spring Makers Spoon Makers (metal) Stampers and Piercers S-tarch and Gum Manufactories Stair Eod Manufactories Stationery Manufactories (not Paper Makers) Stationers (no Printing or Book- binding) Stationers (Printing or Bookbind ing on premises) Stay and Corset Makers (shops) Stay and Corset Manufactories! (large) i Stay Fastener Manufactories Steam Engine Makers Steam Engine Boiler Makers Steam Engine Boiler Plate Manu- factories Steam Press Plate Makers Papier Mache, &c., Manufacturers, or other- wise, as per material, &c. Jewellers, &c. Oil Mills, &c. ■■^., . Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per relative extent, &c., of risk. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per relative extent, &c., of risk. Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. Oilmen's Store Manufacturers. Engineers, &c. . i Printers, &c. Booksellers, &c. Printers, &c. Drapers, &c. ■• Smallware Manufacturers. Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. . : Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. ' v.-K :. . .' \.. rr Trade, &c. Class op Kisk. Steam Ship Owners' Premises for\ repairs, &c., Joiners' Shops, Boiler Makers' and Engine Engineers, &c.. No. 2. Fitters' Shops, &c. Stearine Manufactories Oil Mills, &c. Steel Busk Manufactories Blacksmiths, &c,, or Engineers, &c relative extent of risk. , as per Steel Converters and Kefiners Engineers, Sword, &c., Manufactories Tailors and Woollen Drapers Tailors' Trimming Sellers Tallow Chandlers (melting) Tallow Chandlers (no melting) Tanners Tar and Eosin Distilleries Tarpaulin Manufactories Tassel and Fringe Manufactories Tassel Mould Turners Tea Chest or Caddy Manufactories Tea Merchants (wholesale) Tea Dealers (shops) Worsted Mills, or as per risk or tariff. Worsted Mills, or as per risk or tariff. Cloth Dressers, &c., or Bleachers, &c.,v, or description. Sugar Eefineries. Engineers, &c. Engineers, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as extent, &c., of risk. Bootmakers, &c., or as per material or Smallware Manufacturers. :< risk per risk. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per extent, &c., of risk. Drapers, &c. .iv.- • : : ^ < Drapers, &c. ' ' - J"' Oil Mills, &c. '■ ' Oil and Oolourmen, &c. Tanners, &c. (there are 500 tanneries in the kingdom, v. newspapers of iveek ending April 11th 1871;. (Uninsurable) otherwise Sundry Special Eisks. Floor or Oil Cloth Manufacturers. .• ;« : Smallware Manufacturers. Cabinet Makers, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c., or otherwise, as per material. Warehouses. Grocers, &c. ^;'i'jiUs'.iili 'j'l '- 77 Teade, &c. Class op Risk. Tea & Coffee Pot Knob or Handle, Manufactories Cabinet Makers, &c., or as per material used. Teazle Growers and Dealers Farming Stock or otherwise, as per where stored. Telegraph Wire Makers Engineers, &c., or India Rubber, &c.. ■' ■ -■". Manufacturers, as per process or materials. Telescope Manufactories /• Jewellers, &c., (Opticians). Telescope Dealers Jewellers, (fee, (Opticians). Teeth Manufactories (mineral) Potteries, &c. , ■ Temperance Hotels, &c. Hotels, &c. Coffeehouses, if of low i,haracter. Tent Manufactories • Ship Chandlers, &c., as Sailmakers. Terra Cotta Manufactories Potteries, &c. » " '- Theatres Theatres. Thimble Makers Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per ■ - relative extent of risk. Thread Manufactories • • . Cotton Mills, Flax Mills, or Sundry Special, or as per tariff rate or description. Threshing Machine Owners (for| hire) l r Farm Outbuildings. Ticket Writers • Printers, &c. Timber Merchants Timber Yards, if unconnected with Work- shops, or Saw Mills, or otherwise to leading risk. Tinfoil Manufactories Engineers, &c. Tinmen, Braziers, and Tin-plate | Workers Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per extent of risk. Tinners Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per '• ' ' ' ; extent of risk. Tobacco Manufactories Tobacco, &c., Manufacturers. - 'j Tobacco Pipe Makers (clay) . i Potteries, &c. - r." 78 TRADBy &0. Tobacconists Tobacconists' Goods Dealers Tool Dealers and Tool Broker^ Tool Makers Tool Ghest Makers Tool Makers (wood toy) Tortiseshell and Pearl Workers Tow Spinners Toy Dealers Toy Makers (wood) Toy Makers (metal) Tracing Cloth and Paper Makers Travelling Case Makers Trimming Manufactories Trimming Sellers Tripe Dressers Trunk, Portmanteau, and Packing Case Makers Truss Makers, &c. Tube Manufactories (metal) • Tue Iron Manufactories Tugs (steam) •^■ Turbine Manufactories '.\f t Turkish Baths (public) Class of Risk. Tobacconists. Tobacconists. - Ironmongers. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per exteiit of risk. Cabinet Makers, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c., or otherwise, as per material used. Sundry Special Risks. Flax Mills, V. tariff. Tobacconists, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per relative extent of works. Sundry Special Risks. Bootmakers, &c., or otherwise, as per materials, &c. Smallware Manufacturers.' ■ Drapers, &c. Grocers, &c., or otherwise, as per speciality of risk. Cabinet Makers, &c. Engineers, &c., or otherwise, as per speciality of risk. Engineers, &c. . ■ 'f: Engineers, &c. ;t : Ships in Harbour, as per respective ports* Engineers, &c. Hospitals, &c. v-^"'* "'" ■ '' 'V'^ '"•'■■ '^ 79 Trade, &c. Turners (wood) Turners (ivory) . , ' .,.. > Type Founders Umbrella -and Parasol (no stick making) Manufactories Umbrella Furniture Manufactories (no stick making) Umbrella Handle Pressers Umbrella Stick Manufactories Upholsterers Valentine Manufactories Varnish Manufactories Vellum and Parchment Manu- factories Velvet (silk) Manufactories Veneer Cutters Ventilator Manufactories Vice Manufactories Vinegar Brewers and Manufacturers Vitriol Manufactories Volunteer Corps (drill sheds, store houses, &c). Wallasey Ore Wharf, Birkenhead Walking Stick Manufactories Wardrobe Dealers (second-hand clothing) Warehousemen (no retail shops connected) Class of Risk. Cabinet Makers, &c. Sundry Special Risks. Engineers, (fee. "V " - Smallware Manufacturers. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., m per extent of risk. Sundry Special Risks. Cabinet Makers, &c. Cabinet Makers, &c., " S.S." Printers, &c. Colour, &c.. Manufacturers. Tanners, &c. Silk Mills, or Hand-loom Weavej:s, v. description. Saw Mills. Engineers, &c., or otherwise, v. material or leading risk. Engineers, &c. Brewers, &c. Chemical, &c.. Manufacturers. Hospitals, &c., or otherwise, as per.xj^niferi^- tion of buildings, &c. Sundry Special Risks. Cabinet Makers, &c. , Drapers, &c. Warehouses. 80 Trade, &c. ^J ■ Class of Eisk. 1' Washer Manufactories (iron) Blacksmiths, (fee, or Engineers, &c., as per extent of works, &c. Washing Liquor Manufactories Chemical, &c., Manufacturers. Washing Machine Manufactories Engineers, &c., or Cabinet Makers, &c., v. risk. Washing Powder Manufactories Chemical, &c.. Manufacturers. Watch and Clock Makers Jewellers, &c. •' >: ; Watch Glass Makers Potteries, &c. : ; — Watch Material Dealers Jewellers, &c. / , , Water Gilders ' • Sundry Special Kisks. < Wax Figure Makers Sundry Special Risks. * " ' Wax Yesta Manufactories Sundry Special Eisks (uninsurable). Weighing Machine Makers Engineers, &c. Wheelwrights Cabinet Makers, &c. Whip Makers .• Bootmakers, &c., or otherwise, as per speciality of risk. Whip Handle Makers Cabinet Makers, &c., as Stick Makers or otherwise, as per speciality. White Lead Manufactories Chemical, &c., Manufacturers. Whitesmiths, Locksmiths, &c. Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per extent of works. Whiting Manufactories Potteries, &c. Wick Manufactories Smallware Manufacturers, or otherwise, v. ' .. , description and tariff. Window Blind Manufactories, | Cabinet Makers, &c., or otherwise, as per Venetian, &c. ) speciality of risk. Wire Drawers, and Manufacturers Engineers, &c. Wire Kope Manufactories Engineers, &c., or Eoperies, as per speciality of risk. Wood Stainers and Japanners Sundry Special Eisks. '" ' Trade, &o. Class op Risk. Wool Card Manufactories Sundry Special Eisks. Wool Comb Makers , ,- Sundry Special Risks. Wool Combers Worsted Mills or otherwise, as per descrip- tion or tariff. Woollen Carders Woollen Mills. ' Woollen Drapers Drapers, &c. Woollen Printers Bleachers, &c., or Cloth Finishers, &c., as per speciality of risk. Woollen Spinners & Manufacturers Woollen Mills. Work Box, &c., Makers Cabinet Makers, &c. Worsted Spinners and M'facturers Worsted Mills. In Scotland to Woollen Mills, v. tariff, Writers and Grainers Painters, &c. Warehouses on margin of Com a Albert, Stanley, and Wapping Dock Ware- Warehouse Dock, Liverpool J houses. Yarn Printers Bleachers, &c, Zinc Workers Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per * relative extent of premises. N 82 SUPPLEMENTARY LIST. Trade, &c. Class of Eisk, m Trade, &c. Class of 1B,wk. 84 Tbade, &c. Class of Kisk. 85 Trade, &c. Class of Eisk. 86 Trade, &c. Class op Risk. 87> Trade, &c. Class of Eisk. I 88 Trade, &c. Class of Kisk. m Trade, &c. Class of Risk. -i ' * ': ■i^ ii CLASSIFIED BUSINESS " REGISTERS. HOW TO BE FORMED, WITH THE ADVANTAGE OF CONTINUOUSLY GIVING REQUIRED SPACE, UNDER RESPECTIVE CLASS HEAD- INGS. AT A MINIMUM COST, OR A TITHE OF THE COST OF REGISTERS SPECIALLY PREPARED OR ORDERED FOR THE PURPOSE. When the Prospectus of this work was first issued to many of the Fire Offices, on the 31st July, of last year, I then jnirposed giving Specifications for Class Registers, specially spaced, &c., and with Self Class Indexes, to meet the present, and probable future requirements of each Class. Since that date, however, I have contrived and adopted another method of working, which method I have worked and tested to a very large extent alongside the Class Registers at present, and previously in use. The newer method is equally efficient, and can be easier adapted to changing and future requirements than the per- manently bound books, and at a cost for equal quantities of business or items of less than one-tenth of the Class Registers first obtained. SPECIFICATION No. 5. Policy or Guarantee Policy Number. Date of Expiry. First Pajnnent or New Business. Renewable Lady-day Quarter. Sum Insured. Premium. Sum Insured. Premium. (Margin for Binding). mi Benewable Midsninmei Qnarter. Renewable Michaelmas Quarter, j 1 Sum Insozed. Premium, Sum Insured. Premium. | 1 i ' I , !! • ■ i Eenewable Christmas Quarter. Sum Insured. Premium. How and when Policy disposed of «■■ "<-'•-<"-■ SPECIFICATION No. 6. (SPACE FOR -WRITING CLASS.) (SPACE FOR \VRITING CLASS.) -i ■ Loss No. 1 Policy No. ■ Agency or Branch. Sum Insured or Cause of Fire. Amount of Premium j or lioss. Loss No. Policy No. 1 Agency or Branch. Sum Insured ! or 1 Cause of Fire. Amount of Premium or Loss. (Margin for Binding.) ■« - ! i 1 i 1 i 1 For these made up Glass Eegisters a quantity of sheets will be required, as per " Specification No. 5 " annexed hereto. Ten reams of this paper -will allow of 250,000 entries being made therein (the exact number of lines, allowing for top and bottom being used for totals "forward," is 288,000, but margin must be given for spaces unused), the cost of which ought not to exceed J620. The next requirement is twice the number of stiff loose covers, with flexible backs, that the Office requires to open Glass Registers for ; one cover is required for the Business renewed and issued, the other is for the " Dropped, Cancelled, and Altered Renewals," and one for the " Additional and Returns " of the whole business ; another to contain the whole of the Losses. The covers for the two last will necessarily be of smaller size than the first mentioned (see Specification No. 6 annexed hereto). These covers shotild have half an inch from flexible back, four brass eyelet holes, put in on one back only, the top and bottom hole to be each about one-and-a-half inches from extremities, and the other two holes at equal distances therefrom ; a loose strip of double leather will be requisite, of equal length to cover, with brass eyelet holes exactly corresponding to those on back ; strong file laces for each cover will also be requisite. In forming Eegisters in above-mentioned covers, say for business Kenewed and Issued, take about half a ream of paper (specification No. 5), and with hand punch before mentioned, cut the four round holes in the middle of the margin allowed, and through the whole of the paper with it, at precisely the same places as those occurring in said loose strip of leather ; then pass laces through the whole, and bind tight. A book will thus be formed that will stand as well, if not better, than a book specially made for the purpose, besides giving the great ad- vantage of being able at any moment to increase space wherever required, by in- sertion of additional sheets. A quantity of sheets ought to be at hand for the purpose, with the necessary holes already punched therein. The Class Kegister being bound together, the next thing to be done is to write the Class headings in the alphabetical order they occur in list. In writing the headings it is not necessary that they should be written in full ; for instance, Cabinet Makers ''No. 1," or Grocers, &c., would be quite sufficient. The Class Number ought at the same time to be put in corner, in red ink, as thus : at Grocers, &c., "Class 43." In making abstracts for balancing and other purposes, by using the Class Number, by which the respective accounts can be easily identified, instead of writing heading, will save time. The Sheets as per Specifications are all single ones, and in writing headings not more than one heading must occur on each sheet, so as to allow of necessary paper being inserted when required without a "break" between respective classes. ' ' i 93 ^ PART III. KENEWALS OF FIRST YEAR'S CLASSIFICATION WRITING AND BALANCING RENEWAL SLIP SHEETS AND SYSTEM OR METHOD FOR BRINGING THE WHOLE OF THE YEAR'S RENEWALS INTO EXACT CONSECUTIVE ORDER OF THE NUMBERS OF POLICIES, FOR CONVENIENCE OF CASSIFICA- TION AND READY REFERENCE, &c. The Slip Sheets for this purpose have already been referred to here under the heading of " Improved system of keeping Business Books," together with the specification of them (No. 4), and the system is so far explained under that head, that little is left to remark upon. By this system of bringing the business into one consecutive run of numbers, it will be seen that a very considerable amount of time will be saved in references and marking Classification on the slips. By this method a Policy Book con- taining different sets of numbers can be at once exhausted of the information necessary for Classing all the Policies in force therein, as included in the slips. For instance, it is found, say, first slip or number in force, is in a certain Policy Book, and a number of other slips follow in the same " set." The slips in this set by reference from them to Policies are classed ; it is then found other sets of numbers are in Policy Book ; corresponding sets are then turned to in slips, and the slips in each " set " are classed in turn. This done, it will be seen that a single backward reference to same Policy Book is almost unnecessary. Any other method that I have worked, known, or thought of, would involve five times the labour in making the necessary references for Classification. It will be further seen that convenience and economy of labour in Classiag is not the only advantage gained by having the whole business brought into con- fiecutive order of numbers, from the fact that in Class Registers the numbers, 94 when posted to the different accounts, will fall also into consecutive order there, by which any given number both there and in slips can for future operations be found or referred to in an instant. For ready reference to slips, a case of drawers should be used to keep the bundles of them in, each head or branch of the business having one, labelled outside, and to contain the whole slips corresponding to its Special Kegisters. n 'iir rr t:^'''^\ -■ ■( i t>>-«r-^ ''.. '/ •..£! ■1' ! : . .' ft uv^;.* - i ■ \)-[i^rii •;ii4 ':U ^^5 CLASSIFICATION OF SLIPS. .:-. -^ ^. In List of Trades and Classes of Risk, &c., I trust sufficient will be found to guide the Classing Clerk in every instance. I have endeavoured to make the instructions as complete in this respect as my experience and judgment would allow. ■ .:u..>.:. ...,!■. .-r .,.,: ' j'^ No matter how completely instructions may be compiled, special and changing circumstances will always leave something hitherto unprovided for, to meet which the Classing Clerk will have to exercise his own judgment. ' "" ^ I myself now find many Httle points, on careful revision of preceding in- structions, which I will state here for example, instead of inserting them in the List. -'<'■'• ^--^!:>:'^V1 ''-^' '• - -'■^. ; - ■ ' - ' Draper and Grocer. — An insurer carrying on both trades in one shop or premises, would render it doubtful as to which the risk should be placed ; to myself, however, there would be no hesitation, from the knowlege that at equal rating the Loss experience on Drapers is not so favourable as that on Grocers ; therefore I should class the risk "Drapers, &c." An observation of a number of these risks confirms the view in another respect. A memorandum recently made in Note Book runs thus : — " Noted in numerous Policies where specific amounts given, the Drapery Stock considerably exceeds the Grocery one." Tariff for Warehouses in Glasgow and Paisley. — Everything rated under this tariff being by special surveys, I place to Class "Warehouses in Glasgow, &c., for Goods," unless survey shews a manufacturing risk, that in itself would, on independent rating, be the major one. In such a case I post to specific Class the major risk belongs to. As far as practicable, it is desirable to closely follow the tariffs, in order that the specific Class accounts they come under may clearly shew statistically the results of the tariff rating to the office. Take the three Classes for ** Ware- houses in London," for instance. There are two tariffs in Classing these risks, therefore every Warehouse that is not provided for in one or the other, naturally goes to Class for " Warehouses in London generally." 96 Blocks of Shops and Dwellings not being divided into distinct risks by party walls, and if in Glasgow not being a " Warehouse survey," and with occupations of Shops unstated, post to Class for Shops hazardous. ^ If slips balanced, instead of two Clerks' time being occupied comparing with , original entries, the Classing Clerk will compare dates, amounts, &c., and tick ; slip in blue ink, between sum insured and premium; this work of checking by him will economize labour. , . , It is desirable that blue ink should be used for marking Classification and figures connected, so as to keep a clear distinction in the figures to be used for different purposes. , , _.,,.,., ,, . •• -•■■iiju- >.; r ii The Classing throughout must be done in a careful and accurate manner, giving, if more risks than one in Policy, each Class its fair and exact proportion of Premium, and if a first payment is being classed, the odd time, either over or under annual, must be divided proportionately over the respective annual amounts. For statistical purposes it is preferable to dispense with statements than to have incorrect or misleading ones, hence last remark. . .. . . Where more risks than one are covered by same Class, it is necessary to mark, immediately after Class, the number so covered ; for instance, should item in Policy run " In equal proportions on the building of six private Dwelling- houses, J6600 at 1/6 per cent, premium, 9/-," Classing Clerk to write Class on slip thus — "Dwelling-houses (6) 600, 9/-," and to follow same rule in all cases. 97 .■ -" .'"^ /t<>: •!//(•(;) i'iO(j>! J! ■•-If ,'■■ ^7/ .Ml ..;.-.! h i J , i ij :^ '!'..■;(. i -:;,„; ,.-,.... .tJW, ;....'.|5^ ;,; ; *,-- .j. ■■ ,i.i;ih ';» ,-^..»/'i it ,' ;- ^■ ' POSTING RENEWAL SLIPS INTO CLASS REGISTERS, AND ' ' ■ " - COMPARING AND BALANCING THEM, &c. In posting the Renewal Slips, it is desirable that the Classes shewing the most numerous items in the account should be posted singly. For instance, if " Dwelling-houses" be the first sUp taken up, mark first in red ink on top line ** Renewals, 18 ," (the year), (and do this also at each other Class as first item posted), post it and go through all the slips as they lie in consecutive order on desk, and post each item marked " Dwelling-houses," and as each posted in its respective column (present payment column to be left blank), "tick" to left of Class, so that on afterwards going through the whole of slips to see if all entered, you can do so rapidly, by knowing where to look for it. Where there are not many items in a given Class, it involves more labom- to wade through slips for them than to post each item from the slips as it occurs. No index will be required for the posting, as owing to the headings being in alphabetical order, they are in themselves an index. For purposes of giving number of risks covered, where more than one given on slip, mark number in red ink to left of policy number. When all the slips are posted into the Register, they must be compared or read over ; the readiest and quickest way of doing this, is for one Clerk to take the Register commencing with the first number and first class, and read out number to Clerk with slips ; he then responds by reading out class, date, and amounts. The slips running consecutively, the Clerk who has them should find the num- bers almost as quickly as called ; entry as read should be '* ticked off" in Register, and " cross ticked " in slip. When Register is gone completely through from Class to Class, slips ought to be carefully examined, in order to see if " cross ticked," as proof of being read. 98 The next to be done is to add up the whole four quarters' Renewals for balance. The Clerk should first, however, take a sheet or two of paper (Specification No. 5), and, in expiry column, run down figures to correspond with whole Class numbers, and then, as the additions of the four quarters are completed at each Class, he enters them on said sheets at Nos. corresponding to Class ones at heading corner. The whole being gone through, and the totals summed up to foot of said loose sheet or sheets, the result ought to be a balance with totals of respective Renewal Register totals. The present payment column on said sheets will do for balancing new business in a similar manner later on. •ff: ,•:!■'■ '.' t :.; t >. KVii ^k- \ v..ia. il! ''-''ijiV'i ',Kl 'A? *»j ,,__[, r^l _: ■ i.'i-' " jH'-y' ,1.' ■ '■.>■: . PAET IV. r,,; .,.^j .,; NEW BUSINESS OF FIRST YEAR'S CLASSIFICATION, BEING ALL POLICIES ISSUED IN SAME YEAR WITH LAST- MENTIONED RENEWALS. WRITING, ADDING, AND BALANCING SLIP SHEETS, &c., AND ARRANGING THEM. Under this head I need not repeat instructions already given, and which will be found under the head of " Improved system of keeping Business Books." I must repeat, however, for the sake of impressing its importance, that in the slips as written out, the present and annual payment must be clearly shewn thus : — Sum Insured, Premium. If term more than one year (state) 1,000 lOs. (Joiners). ' v~T , ■-:! .. -f^huy „ 2s. (Odd Time). ■■ ■•- '■■ ■'••.'' : f - i '-'■:: „ 15s. (Annual). ; ' • "" ; Red Ink. If term less than one year (state) ,, 15s. (x\nnual). Black Ink. \ „ 13s. (Present) ' CLASSING SLIPS. All necessary remarks on this head have already appeared in the instructions given under the head of Classification of Renewals. Special attention, I may repeat, must be given to accuracy in this portion of the work or system. 100 POSTING NEW BUSINESS SLIPS INTO CLASS KEGISTEBS, AND COMPARING AND BALANCING THEM, &c. The remarks under this head at Renewals equ£^ly apply here, the following excepted. The exception will be, that entries as per slips will be made precisely as shewn on them, viz.. Annual, with Odd time over, in black ink for present, or present in black ink, where it is less than the Annual, and Annual over in red ink. These figures go into New Business or First Payment column, the Annual there- from being at the time of posting extended into its Renewable column, as per expiry. Before however, posting, first entry or Policy number at respective Classes, write immediately over it in red ink, " Issued 18 , (the year)." As each short period item is posted, mark with black ink in **How and when Policy disposed of" column, " Short period " or S. P. Of course no short period item will be extended into " Amount Renewable " column from first payment one. In posting this New business portion, there is no necessity for making a break to shew 'the quarters the Policies are issued in, the additions for year's business being made continuous at each account for the whole year. In all cases in the expiry column for this new business the year of expiry must he shewn, and care exercised in comparing slips with entries, in order to see that each entry is correct, as upon this point the accuracy of future operations greatly depends. In extending into " Amount Renewable " columns from first payment one, these points must be strictly attended to, viz : — If Policy expires the year of issue, do not extend, but state in " How and when ,:•■, ' i !i- :J::>';!'.f j;'- ' U: iii'Ki ■■■/.- y.i'ili: u-w;j,- 101 Policy disposed of " column, with black ink, " Dealt with in foregoing Renewals. " (In subsequent years all such cases must be extended in blue ink, in order to be carried up to total preceding additions for forming ''Amount Renewable." Vide instructions under the head of "Improved system of keeping Business Books, &c.") - ' ■ •' If Policy expires the year following its issue, extend in black ink. If Policy expires in the second year from its issue, extend in red ink. (This is for the purpose of carrying down amounts to form the " Amount Renewable " for the year they expire in. Vide instructions under the head of " Improved system of keeping Business Books, &c.") " " In comparing or reading over slips with Class Register, the extension must be checked at the same time as the figures in the First Payment column, and "ticked off." ' '" ' • " • ^ ' ' ' For Balance, add up years business at each account, and enter on sheets previously used for Renewal balance in First Payment or New Business column, the amounts at respective Class numbers ; form total of the whole, then summarise from Policy or other Books the totals of the four quarters, add together to form year, and the result ought to be a balance. 102 PART V. .-.:.:-; RETURNS ON POLICIES CANCELLED, BY OTHERS ISSUED IN LIEU, BY MADE IN ERROR OR NOT TAKEN UP, AND BY RENEWED IN ERROR, AND ADDITIONALS AND RETURNS BY ENDORSEMENT. WRITING AND BALANCING SLIP SHEETS. With respect to the above for Classification, 3 ' ' ■ ■'> !':'■ <;t liu . t '^^-U .1)' I ''*'i^; : ( i\ I'i' 109 ; i: o: .Miff .'iinii '.J-'' •^•-•;' %=:ti n\:'\ !- ■';' -•:^: .; "( -=.'/' PAET VIII. ■ > ; 1 r SYSTEM OK METHODS OF DEALING WITH CLASS REGISTERS AND THE SLIPS CORRESPOND- ING THERETO IN SECOND AND FOLLOWING ■■' YEARS FROM THE FIRST OR PRECEDING '' . ONE. -: {/ Should an Office follow the suggestion herein of adopting the "Improved system of keeping Business Books" and the one of "Class Registers" simultaneously, the instructions given for first named would also serve for the latter^ as the two systems are almost identical, differing only in that in one case all is included in one account, whilst in the other it is split up into one hundred and eighteen accounts, and also in a few minor points. One of the few minor points of difference just referred to is, that in Class Registers, instead of deducting or allowing for amounts altered and policies cancelled in interim between last renewal or issue (if new), to make up the correct "Amount Renewable" for Renewal List, as is the case with the "Business" Books, they will be taken into account only when the actual Renewals are made up along with the others (Dropped, &c.) in the Class Register of Dropped, Cancelled, and Altered Renewals. The next minor point is, that in the Class Register system a special book, called the " Dropped, Cancelled, and Altered Renewal Register," will be kept for the purpose, whilst in the " Improved Business Book " the Dropped, Cancelled and Altered Renewals will be summarised on the Renewal List. The last point of minor difference will be, that in " Business " Books the new business and returns, &c., will be brought into account every quarter, whilst in the Classed Registers it will only be done at the close of every year. 110 Having gone so fully and minutely into matters in the instructions under the head of " Improved system of keeping Business Books," little, if anything, further can be touched upon that has not been already dealt with, in as far as relates to the account portion of the system of keeping the Class Eegisters. I may remark, however, that one of the minor points of difference referred to above in the two systems, viz., the difference where, in the case of the "Business " Books, the Dropped, Cancelled, and Altered form two accounts, in the Class Registers only form one, gives a check in favour of the Class Registers that is not quite so practicable in the other. It is this : The Dropped, Cancelled, and Altered Renewal slips torn from bundles are first marked in Classed Business Registers, and from those markings the " Classed Dropped, Cancelled, and Altered Renewal Register " is posted up and then compared with the slips, and by this imeans the accuracy of the markings proved in the Classed Business Register. As I think I cannot now add anything further to the general instructions already given that will be of service, as far as the actual keeping of the Classed Business Registers is concerned, I will proceed with remarks upon the system as far as the old system of Renewal Registers affects the balancing, &c. '< ■• > 1": ":f :.-': • ■ 1 * t'.' ',.'■ t ■t"f;i^-f It; .'i^ I,.;; •> ."V ': hOib r: ..'.J; -.! v:-.. ili- ti Ill ''. ' _ I , ■ . ' . . . !.:■■'• !■>•: • ..Huivnu.. EENEWAL EEGISTERS, - - AND AMOUNTS RENEWABLE IN CLASS EEGISTERS. HOW TO DEAL WITH SLIPS, &c., IN ORDER TO BRING OUT BALANCE OF ACTUAL RENEWALS. By the system of slips and their posting, already explained, the gross " Amount Renewable " being standing in both slips and Classed Business Registers, it is only necessary to get out and make up the Dropped, Cancelled, and Altered, and to deduct them from the Classed Business Registers, in order to balance with the actual Renewal Totals standing in the Renewal Registers for any given quarter. The following will, however, fully explain how the result is arrived at : — First take out the drawer that contains the whole of the slips belonging to the particular Branch or Class Register intended to be dealt with, and place it on the desk. Next take the Renewal Register, and carefully compare the Renewal columns of the current and preceding years. If it is found that a Policy is dropped or can- celled since the year preceding, turn up its corresponding number in the consecutive numbered slips laying alongside in drawer, and tear it off the bundle, and at the same time mark slip " How and when disposed of," and also tick Renewal Register to the right of current year's column with red ink. In all cases turn slips face downward, so as to keep them in the order they occur in Renewal Register. Should it be found, however, that a Premium has been changed since pre- ceding Renewal, turn up slip and mark thereon in red ink, over previous one, the new Premium, together with the year it is first changed. Let sHp remain in its place, but write another to account for the difference (blue ink if debit or additional, red ink if credit or reduction). Should it further be found that since close of preceding year's Renewals that a Policy has been transferred to Renewal 112 Kegister under revision, a new slip must be written for it, and it must be marked " Transferred from . , . . " (naming Brancli) ; the Classification for it wiU be found by turning up the old slip (which leave in place). This transfer, and any others, must be posted direct into Class Register (it or they must not pass through the Dropped, Cancelled, and Altered one). When posted, put trans- ferred slip or slips in sequence with the others it now belongs to {i.e. those in drawer). The Dropped and Cancelled slips being ail torn off and in hand, and the new slips for Altered Premiums being revised as to Classification, they will now require to be turned up and marked in Class Registers as to " How and when disposed of," &c. These markings being completed (all in red ink), with year dealt with, the next thing to be done is to make up the Classed Dropped, Can- celled, and Altered Renewals Register. This must be done from the markings in Classed Business Register, by which means the numbers appear posted in proper, sequence at their respective accounts. The slips will now be used for comparison ; or reading over, and the final result of adding and making up statement of re- spective accounts in "Classed Dropped, Cancelled, and Altered Register " ought, when same are deducted from Classed Business Registers, to result in a balance of Nett Renewals between total of each (Class Register and Renewal Register). ::■■ NEW BUSINESS. ' u"'. .^:' . m : . ..i This section of business follows last leading head, and the Classification, Classification Posting, &c., will be done exactly as per the previous instructions given under the respective heads for the first year's operations of making up the Class Registers. - ' • '■ v - -=.. • .i;y'{,|. 113 EETUKNS, CANCELMENTS, AND ENDOBSEMENTS. These will, in every respect, be dealt i with as in preceding year ; the only exception will be that very little Classification will be requisite direct from Policies as the slips will furnish nearly all the full information required for the purpose. LOSSES. These will be dealt with precisely as per instructions already given herein for first year's operations. I :.l.i'. u !"! , :»;vi ;•■■ t>ri.' .;. i NUMBER OP RISKS AND SUM INSURED FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES. "Where an Office is desirous of making their Fire Statistic Book up with the greatest completeness, and wish to embody the above, it will be necessary to deal with the accounts for them, along with Premium, in Class Eegisters, by the precise methods set forth in the preceding instructions. , I ■ ' , - J A'. . .!•';• - . :^ , ' U' . . J ,, -■ I r. - ,: ■ ^ ^ iiL'f 'ill! a tU'/ -itMi" .•' ;T''ii'! -tj. f: ■ •••• ■;. • '• U4 GENERAL REMARKS UPON THE FOREGOING " ■ ■" . . ' SYSTEMS. ■ : " ;' ■ Upon careful perusal of the whole of the foregoing, it will be noted that after the completion of the first year's operations, the work is afterwards reduced to the lowest possible minimum consistent with accuracy and efficiency ; for instance : The only new Slips necessary to be written, are those for " New Business Returns, Cancelments, Endorsements, and Losses,' a very few changes on Renewals being required in addition. In Classification of Risks, the only new work will be that of the " New Business," and a few others affected by Endorsement changing risk will require revision. The necessary Classification for "Returns, Cancelments, and Endorsements (very few Endorsements, where change of risk involved excepted). Losses Dropped, Oancelled and Altered Renewals (not a tithe of the Renewals first dealt with), and from the first the whole of the Obtained Guarantee Business, will always be obtainable from the already classed consecutive slips lying in their respective drawers. The new posting portion of the work will only consist of the ** New Business," the "Dropped, Cancelled, and Altered Renewals " (not a tithe of the actual ones), the "Returns, Cancelments, and Endorsements," and the "Losses." The balancing portion of the work will give very little trouble, owing to the possibility of few, if any, ^ errors arising, and the ready means of detecting them, should they occur. The slips, after taking out or tearing off the short periods when fully dealt 115 with, will always remain perfect counterparts of their respective Registers, and therefore useful for a variety of purposes. In concluding this portion of the work, I may repeat that an Office adopting in their entirety the systems here set forth, will ensure many advantages not given hitherto by the methods generally followed in working out Fire Business and Fire Statistics. J : ■'i-'jt>I !-.,- f.i\i'-^l'''.i>- o ru I (it 1 •* / ' ■ ' ■ • ■ ' ■ " t > . 'V^' ^ - ■. I ■ - , ...., :Mi u> . :i .ii! ■' APPENDIX. \ > Hf S 118 REMARKS AS TO APPLICABILITY OF FOREGOING SLIP SYSTEMS TO BOOK-KEEPING AND OTHER GENERAL PURPOSES WHERE ITEMS ARE NUMEROUS. For Book-keeping and other purposes the Slip System can be adapted in a variety of ways. , For instance, in the matter of journalising, an ordinary Clerk, who had not sufficient knowledge to carry them to their proper accounts, could copy items on slips. The slip sheets could then be balanced with the Books they are copied or taken from, another Clerk, with greater knowledge of accounts (supposing the items were numerous), could sort the slips to respective accounts for straightforward entry in journal infinitely quicker than by the ordinary way, and the Copying Clerk could then easily make the entries into the journal therefrom. ■J!' V f ?. j, For Indexing purposes the Slip System might, in special instances, save considerable time and inconvenience ; for instance, I once heard of the Indexing of Policies being entirely abandoned by an Office. The case was this. A very large number of the Policies, or Policy Books, had to go into one Index, and the work had fallen very much into arrear, so much so, that it was found they could not then be got into that one Index. Now, granting the absolute necessity of only employing this one Index for half a dozen Branches of Business, it will be seen that the work by the Slip System could have been brought up to date in time limited only by the number engaged upon it. I might dilate upon the matter under above head much further, but as I am preparing a special work on Accountancy, &c., generally, I need not exhaust the subject here, especially as the matter when more fully developed would not be of general service to Insurance Offices. '"*'•■■>' -'5- ' ' 'V. ■"-(■ ii*:.' »',*i- .".?.:) 'v :..■'■ I' • ■ ,■■;.' * • ' 'i i .. ii' • . '■•:: '■/'!! r ' « ji? >■•; ^ i>! GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS AS TO WORKING, &c., UNDER FOREGOING SYSTEMS. In the " Business " Books for the Scotch Branches or Business, the heads of Quarters must be as in " Specification No. 3," and when a PoHcy is extended therein expiring at a Scottish Term or Quarter, place *' S," in red or blue ink, immediately preceding the extension in "Amount Renewable" column. This distinctive mark will be given in the Scotch *' Business " Books, as well as those Guarantee ones under " Specification No. 3 ; " but should an Office prefer it, eight columns could be used for the respective terms to extend the "Amounts Renewable." This I do not consider necessary, as the Books can be easily worked with the four columns as per Specifications, and the eight columns would make the Books of somewhat unwieldy size. To retain the Policy Numbers constantly in sequence or consecutive order — after the Books under the respective systems are once made up — it will be desirable or necessary, in the case of transfers of business being made from one Branch or Head of Business to another, to issmi New Policies for such transfers, in lieu of transferring the business under the old Policy Numbers. This method of dealing with them will, in addition to keeping numbers always in sequence in respective Books or Accounts, give to each Branch or Head, in the ordinary way, copies of Policies in their own Books, or more under their special supervision. In dealing with Cancelments, &c., in the respective "Business" Books and Class Registers, it will be well to bear it constantly in mind that the requisite year to be stated in the " How and when Policy disposed of" column is that of the one the Reneival next falls due. The fact is, in as far as the Renewal Lists, &c., are concerned, the entry in the Business Books really means Cancel 18...., being the year the next renewal falls 120 due, in order that the item may not be included as then renewable, nor be deducted other than from the year it lapses as renewable. The said year, it will be noted, can be readily seen in its column for purposes of abstracting, summing up, and deducting, but if the year be placed as follows, in the "How and when Policy disposed of" column, it will more readily catch the eye, viz. : — "C. 18.... 550,721" (say New Policy) "" ' . "C. 18... ''C. 18... ''C. 18... "C. 18... or"C. 18... Dropped " Made in error, 18...." Declined" By Loss" '**"■ Kenewed in error, 18...." Taking the Class Registers, at the end of any given year, the correctness of the entries in the " How and when Policy disposed of " column, together with the alterations in Premium, may be tested for the whole of the preceding years, by making an abstract of all the amounts standing undisposed of, the total of which at each Class should agree with the last year's total of nett renewals, as there shewn. Should it be requisite for me at any time to prove the general correctness of the work done under the system, I would, as one of the tests, apply the above. In the '' Business " Books this same test is 'given by the Renewal Lists, as they are made out and balanced each quarter. Any difficulty that may have arisen at any time in carrying on the system satisfactorily, has been caused by Clerks not following the preceding instructions to their strict letter. Giving one instance only, I found, upon applying the test, that a Clerk, instead of marking or posting from the Cancelled, Dropped, and Altered Slips direct into the Class Register first f and then posting or making up the Dropped, &c., Register there- from, had posted the slips direct into the Dropped, &c.. Register, and afterwards marked the "How and when Policy disposed of" column in Class Register also from the slips without check, consequently, by this simple reversion of the instructions, numerous errors had crept in, such as wrong Policies being marked, and others altogether omitted. , =.. ■ Taking the above instance into account, and other matters gained by long experience and studyj I can confidently predict that any departure from the lines laid down in the foregoing instructions will result in making many future little difficulties to retard the efficient carrying out of the systems. '- * -' •• ■• ^^^ -•■■ : " ^ ;. •/ . ;; ;v * ;* vj The slips, it will be noted, can be used independently, as a substitute for the "Business" Books, for the purpose of writing out Renewal Lists, making references, &c., consequent on their being, at all times (under the systems), perfect counterparts of the Books. In fact, should the Books be unfortunately destroyed, they could be reconstructed from the slips, if the slips themselves were saved. ' ■ ' ' - ~ I In writing the slips do not write too near the top of the "cutting" line, but leave about half an inch of space, otherwise figures may be cut ofi". A single instance occurred in my experience of 3d. odd time having been cut off owing to its being written very close to the top ; it was thought a "balance in error" had occurred in the Slip Sheets, until this fact was discovered after two or three days' search. If a Policy Book is in use, the corresponding "Business" Book will serve the purpose equally well for writing the slips preparatory to Classi- fication of Risks. When it is found afterwards that an error has been previously made in the Classification of any Risk, and that Risk should have " run off," to correct the error, debit and credit to respective Classes the full amounts through the " Additional and Beturn Register " only. If, however, the Risk should still be a running one, and has been running for a longer period than a year at the wrong Class, then debit and credit one year only to respective Classes the amounts through the '' Dropped, Cancelled, and Altered Eegister" (in order to put . the Amounts Renewable correct), and then *« 122 debit and credit respective Classes with the amounts for the remaining portion of the period through the " Adlitional and Returns Register." Shps will be written for these alterations in the ordinary course, and placed with the others belonging to the " Additional and Eeturns Register," and the ''Dropped, Cancelled, and Altered Register" respectively, and dealt with in the same way, i.e., the one for the "Dropped, &c.. Register" will be in the case of the wrong Class marked in the Class Register in the '* How and when Policy disposed of" column C. 18.... Transferred to ....'.^l'*.!*^.., and at the correct Class an entry will be made (interlined at sequent Policy Number), in blue ink, of particulars, with note " Trans- ferred from .../.^!"'f^..., 18...., and dealt with through Dropped, &c.-. Register," also at same time correct Class on original slip. By this method the error will be clearly and fully corrected, and the amount shewn at its proper Class for future reference and deahngs therewith. .. It will be noted that I have left space in a "Supplementary List" of Trades, &c., for any further entries that may be required, or which do not appear in the preceding List, such as the following omission :— :;..f. Bone Grinding Mill, no Vitriol l/jMij ■' Chamber or Chemical process therein, v - ^ i: i«< Class to *' Sundry Special Risks." In a statement I compiled some years ago to exhibit the various "Causes of Fire," under respective Classes and the distinctive Risks thereunder, I adopted the following method of doing so in a compact form, viz. : — . Large sheets of paper were taken, and the Classes and distinctive Risks thereunder were written downwards on half the left-hand page, thus: — i' Cabinet Makers, &c., No. 1. Cabinet Makers, Carpenters, Joiners, Undertakers and Box Makers. '"'•'' ,, ' Basket Makers. <'■ ' . „ , .^^i Brush Makers (Wood Working). 123 Cabinet Makers, &c., No. 1. Coach Builders and Perambulator Makers. ,, ., j,^j. Boat Builders and Block Makers. ,, Coopers. ,,^ ,»»,.. Lath Splitters. -^ ,, ,- ,1 . Venetian Blind Makers. , .j M Wheelwrights. ^ , , ■ &c. &c. Then inside and between each of four full sheets occupied by whole Classes in the manner of the one above specified, I inserted twelve half sheets of same sized paper; these half sheets bent and stitched, or bound in the " middle of them, left a space of half a page on each side of the full ones and the horizontal lines running even together throughout, and sixty columns being ruled thereunder, each column to shew No. of Fires and Losses, each of six sections containing said sixty heads of " Causes of Fire," &c., exhibited the whole, so as to be followed as clearly as a single sheet statement of less magnitude would have done. (To shew the statement on a single sheet would have required one eleven feet by nine and-a-half feet.) The total number of claims investigated were 6,018, and the losses thereunder ^822,963. I have used this method of mine to advantage for other compilations than the above where I could not obtain space by other means, and I trust that this explanation may prove useful for cases where similar results require to be made up into a compact form for reference, &c. The following heads of Causes, &c., occupied the sixty columns referred to, and as, perhaps, the mode of grouping or arranging may be interest- ing, I enumerate them, viz. : — Adjoining or adjacent premises. - h.-.m Air current drawing furnace flames into Hopper. Airing or warming beds or bedding by hot bricks, &c., and hot applications made in bed. 124 Articles or goods falliDg on to hot floors or into stoves, and smoul- dering sawdust, &c. Boilers, boiler flues, boiler furnaces, and retorts overheated. Boiler dampers improperly lowered. Boiler explosions. •■ " Boiling and preparing inflammable materials and their overflow into fires. Boring wood with hot irons. Brunswick black being drawn in cellar (boy burnt to death). Candle or lamp accidents, sparks therefrom, upset, left burning, &c. Carelessness of servants. Carrying live coals. ' ' '. Chimney fires or foul flues, and sparks therefrom falling on to adjoining or adjacent roofs and combustible materials. Children playing with fire, matches, or fireworks. Clothes airing or drying before fire, and combustible articles or goods placed too near forges, flues, steam pipes, and stoves. Defective flues and hearths of open fire-places, and defective boiler flues, boiling furnaces, hot plates, kilns, or ovens. Dirty fire-places. Drunkenness. Drying on or over boilers, hot plates, or ovens, and drying stoves being overheated. Drying wood in ovens, and afterwards mislaying it. Foreign substances in materials, and friction on their passing through machines. Friction and overheating of machinery. Gas flames in contact with or near articles, goods, woodwork, &c. Gas escaping or exploding. j, ^ ■ > Gunpowder exploding. , > ^i/. Hot or burning ashes and soot mislaid. , . 125 Hot or molten metal, and flying sparks therefrom. '*' Incendiarism. •' -^^ ■- :^ ■■s,-^<'<--y ,, (suspected). ;: i , : . ;. ..:.;! ii5.V; Inflammables thrown or put into fire. .. ., •• Kilns being overheated, &c. :^ i?;-'. 1 . •■ ^ r.,, /; .;i/-, Lacquering stoves. .<.-■■ Lighting gas (using or throwing down lights, &c.) Lightning. Lights thrown down areas. Lunatic setting tire to himself. Matches (various causes or nature of cause not more specially specified)^ Melting of pipes in still house, and grease running into fire. Muffles (cause not more specially specified). Rail-bed, heat therefrom igniting a beam. Sail failing on to funnel. Shoots of malt bin giving way. Smoking. Smut machine. Sparks or falling cinders from fires. „ from railway engines. „ from roasting cylinders. ^ „ from steam threshing machines. „ from steam ships or vessels. Spilling mineral oils, turpentine, spirits, &c., with light or fire near. Spontaneous combustion. Stoves, stove pipes, and heating apparatus, defective or ) insecurely fixed, Suspicious, unsatisfactory, or fraudulent. Tar barrel upset whilst burning. Thawing water pipes. Unknown or not stated (claims over ^10). ,, ( ,, under i^lO). 126 Vessels containing naphtha, spirits, &c., exploding or breaking, and in contact with fire. .m^i-rvii Wadding, &c., fired from gun and entering thatch. », Woodwork of hot water pan fired. tl Amounts belonging to losses of years prior to above term. aidi/-i Total. VIEWS AS TO THE ADVISABILITY OF APPLYING THE AVERAGE CLAUSE MORE GENERALLY, IF NOT UNIVERSALLY, TO FIRE INSURANCE. M^H 'i %iv J.-^^-i;.,-:. (In stating views under this and subsequent heads, I merely express my own ideas, irrespective of those generally accepted.) In how many instances, speaking apart from statistical experience, does it occur to ordinary observation, that there is a tendency on the part of insurers to lower their sum insured on risks, when an increased rate of premium is charged? This practice, although not universal, occurs with sufficiently general frequency to partially, if not entirely, neutralise the intended result of increased rates of premium upon many Classes of risk. Statistically, I found that where a revision had taken place, and a portion of two Classes of risk had increases made in the rates of premium, the following resulted. In the case of one Class, the ratio of the sum insured was so lowered that the intended result of an increase in the total premium was almost neutralised. In the other case, this same tendency actually reduced the ratio of premium per risk, instead of increasing it. In considering this matter, the fact must be borne in mind, that in 127 not th^te than o&e loss in a thousand is the sum insured totally exliau*sted (if I err in this statement, it will, I think, be found that it is on the side of under estimating the proportion), so that, practically speaking, an insurer, by not fully covering his risk, evades his fair share of burden at the expense of his co-insurers who insure fully, and the Office he insures with. Taking a verj^ large area, comprising all Classes of risk, in transacted gross business (i.e., business before deducting " Obtained Guarantees " thereon), I find that the average ratio per loss is only 1^ per cent, of the average ratio of the sum covered or insured. It is, therefore, judging from this fact, and the tendency above mentioned, a matter requiring the consideration of the Offices generally, both in their own interests and those insurers who honestly contribute their full quota of premium, as to the necessity of both interests being more fully protected by the application of the conditions of average to all risks without exception. • •'.iWs',^ \^v \m v,-v}.:; , > \)'xr\':a ; ''^^'V ''''^'^ ' '"' ^ . ■' ' '' '■ "'' j'i ,-' .; > \ ,u r-'V ■'■'< vA'i i,\ vm' '■ \^:\ \\; ■ \ ' ■'■ '^^ • ''''''•. ••■••• ■ '' •■ ''.■'•' "*•■ '■'■ s ■ ^ 15' APPAEENT ANOMALIES IN THE EATINO OF SOME FIRE INSURANCE RISKS. The following (independent of the light further statistical experience may throw upon them) are put in the form of questions, with the object of drawing attention to the matter, and leaving the answer to simple analogous reasoning from the facts themselves. 1st. In what constitutes the superiority, as a risk, of a ?!f .;,'uu; Carpenter's, Cabinet Maker's, or other Wood Worker's insurance ^ ' •' ' over that of a Saw Mill one, that the former should be taken at about one-fourth the average rate of the latter ? 128 2nd. In what constitutes an Oil Mil], an Oil Kefinery, or ,it a large Candle Works, a superior risk to that of a Sugar ^ Refinery ? Is it that fires are expected to occur with less . ..,,,,, . -frequency in one case than the other? Or (speaking generally) ^; u^.; ;; is one of less combustible . nature than the other that the difference in rating should be so marked ? 3rd. Why the marked. difference, in rating Stores and Ware- houses in different towns and situations, that Is. 6d. per cent, should be sufficient in one case, whilst in others as high as 5s., and even up to 12s., is required in others. Seeming anomalies in rating might be multiplied by instances and apparently analogous reasoning. The object of drawing attention to the matter is to shew the necessity of having many present very doubtful matters settled by systematic statistical experience. I believe such experience to be a. necessity to the Offices generally, from the fact that risks taken indiscriminately (as by most Offices) at current rates in the United Kingdom, would not, in themselves, yield a profit on the working, and that fidly one-half of the respective Classes of risks would shew very heavy losses, more especially if, in addition to the losses paid thereon, they were debited with their correct ratio of full working expenses, together with fair marginal profits. VIEWS AS TO THE BEARING "CAUSES OF FIRE" APPEAR TO HAVE UPON EIRE INSURANCE RISKS. I thinlf, when Offices have compiled full tabulated experience from the whole ascertainable *' Causes of Fire," they will find that many fallacious ideas may have arisen, through cursory observations being taken, instead of correct statistical experience. , ., , f , 129 For instance, closer enquiry and investigation may shew that, in Great Britain at least, the crime of incendiarism is not so prevalent as is generally supposed ; also, that excessive claims are general, fair ones the exception. Insurers who, in general business transactions, act honourably, do not appear to scruple at sending in claims that are, as a rule, materially reduced before final settlement. ^/ ...... In more than 6,000 claims that I waded through, the exception to exaggerated claims were few in number. I think the making of excessive or fraudulent claims being so general may have led to the supposition of incendiarism being more prevalent than strict reality would justify. It would also be found, I think, that the usual enquiries as to character, protects the Office to a certain limited extent only. As a rule, enquiries are not made after the risk is placed on the books ; therefore, from the fact that a man holding a respectable position does not fall into crime at one step, a great deal of moral hazard is overlooked. Speaking generally, it is obvious that a man in a fair position of business has to fall a long way before resorting to incendiarism ; his fall is gradual, like into bankruptcy, and that may be staved off for a long time after actual insolvency; consistently, therefore, to eliminate the moral hazard to its fullest extent, the enquiries should be continued periodically. Tabulated statements of all ascertainable causes would, I believe, shew that something like 76 per cent, of the whole of them arose from causes that no ordinary foresight could possibly make preventible, and I doubt if, in one case out of twenty of the balance of the 24 per cent., ordinary foresight, in "inspection of risk," "alterations made in risk," and " declines " on point of character, could prevent the fires occurring. It will, I think, by investigation, be found that, except by surmise, 20 per cent, of all claims will have to be put down to ''unlmown causes," owing to the fire itself having destroyed all evidence of its origin. Statistical experience will, I think, further shew that the ratio of fires to the number of risks covered, will (with some few exceptions) not vary much in their respective classes of risk with that of the gross • 130 totals, which leads me to the conclusion that the elements of combustibility and ready extinguishing appliances, as bearing upon the rates to be charged, have not been sufficiently considered in some cases; hence many apparent anomalies in rating risks of analogous nature. It may be noted that business may shew variable results in different towns, owing to water supply, efficiency of brigades, and general appliances for extinguishing fires, keeping down the respective ratios of loss, and not be attributable to the average proportionate number of fires being greater in one town than another. GENEKAL VIEWS AS TO THE PROBABILITY OF FIRE INSURANCE BEING REDUCED, AT SOME FUTURE DATE, TO A COMPARA- ' TIVE EXACT SCIENCE WITH THAT OF LIFE INSURANCE. When statistical information is more complete with respect to the Fire Insurance business, a basis may, I think, be formed, that will reduce it to principles as exact as that of Life Insurance. I will, however, state some of the reasons that lead me to take such a view : — In statements I compiled for a period embracing five successive years, and covering an average of 160,000 distinct risks per annum, I found that the number or ratio of fires per thousand of the whole risks covered, ran as follows, viz. . — 1st year of said term 11*41 fires per 1,000 risks. ■ , , ^, 2nd 3rd 4th 5th ,, ,, ., „ ^j Total or mean ratio 10*3S ,, „ t'^f' 10-63 10-46 9-67 10-01 10-3S 131 It may be stated, that during the above term the business was under- going a process of weeding out and revision, consequent upon the Classed results brought out for a portion of the said term and the years preceding, which may slightly have disturbed the ratios above set out from what they might have shewn if the business had otherwise remained in its normal position. Apart from last remark, however, it may be interesting to compare the above figures with those brought out in the ''Combined Experience of the Life Offices," and contrast them as to which of the two runs in closest approximate ratios year by year. It has been, and may again, be said, that the differing ratios of average amounts of loss paid in respective years might preclude any useful results being deduced. I find however, that the average ratio per fire occurs year by year with far closer regularity than the average ratio of the sums claimed for deaths under the Life Insurance business. It occurs to both businesses in parallels ; one year claims may be on the larger sums, and in another year the reverse ; but I can safely venture to assert that in Fire Insurance the average ratio of claims run closer year by year than Life Insurance ones. When I go into the sub-division of Fire Statistics, I find, in those Classes where sufficient area is given for comparisons, that the ratio of fires year by year run as closely as in the total results, and I may further assert that a parallel being drawn between various risks in Fire Insurance and various ages in Life Insurance, that the former will run in as close, if not closer, ratio than the latter. The magnitude of the work involved has, no doubt, tended to retard compilation of, and research into, Fire Insurance Statistics. It is hoped, however, that the systems set forth in this Work may, by materially lessening the difficulties hitherto standing in the way, lead to the general adoption of an uniform system of Classification, and a combining of the results obtained thereby, thus, at some future date, verifying the views here stated. ■ And against same Amount of Losses paid. 132 In the compilation of Fire Statistics, the following, I think, ought in all cases to be fully embraced : — '* No. of llisks covered," and against same " No. of Fires." " Sum Insured."' " Premium." Also " Causes of Fire" wherever ascertainable. In all the compilations I have completed, I brought out the above ; in fact, I have always found a great saving of time eventually resulted by making every statement sufi&ciently comprehensive to embrace all the information that was at the time obtainable. The sum insured, besides shewing the " average rate obtained," the "average rate of loss" to it, the "average rate required" (i.e., loss, proportionate ratio of all expenses, and proportionate profit margin), will be found very useful in tracing out discrepancies, and ensuring care and accuracy in working out systems generally. Of course, the sum insured will be balanced as in premium, and as provided for in instructions and specifications. I , ,'v • ■' >. : !■.■'«; Ih ^ ^fv(y^^^ THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAP''=> STAMPED BELOW lURN tNAUT^' AN INITIAL FINE 9^^^;°"^^!; WILL BE ASSESSED FOR ' THIS BOOK ON THE D / _ WIUL INCREASE TO F DAY AND TO $1 ' OVERDUE. i~ "^^'^ DEC t^ 3 1938 MAP 17 19S AJLL JUN4 19R3 2o JilL'63gp iN STrv^-i^S 3 JUL 9 ^9^^ ^ 31 ^S38 D Li^ f^F.C .,14 192 J ^mV 11963 2 A!^ : : ?S f9:y n^ SlIlar'eafT'S'- # rtfeVeiV'ED FEB 17 70 -11 AM i-^MLiasffij LD 21-100m-8,'34 '^^oS7G UNIVERSITY OF CAI^IFORNIA LIBRARY