^^«»safiraaBI^., 
 
 Compilation of 
 Fire Insurance Statistics &c 
 
 Glover. 
 
IMPORTED BY 
 
 ^HE SPECTATOR COMPANY, 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 IMPORTERS, PUBLISHERS, 
 
 \nd Deai.rrs in Insurance Works of 
 
 All Kinds. 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2007 with funding from 
 
 IVIicrosoft Corporation 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/compilationoffirOOglovrich 
 
COMPILATION 
 
 OF 
 
 FIRE INSURANCE STATISTICS 
 
 UPON THE BEST AND MOST EXPEDITIOUS METHODS, 
 
 PRACTICALLY AND COMPREHENSIVELY EXPLAINED; 
 
 TOGETHER WITH 
 
 FULL INSTRUCTIONS FOR KEEPING BOOKS OF RES- 
 PECTIVE FIRE DEPARTMENTS, BY NEW AND 
 IMPROVED ECONOMICAL SYSTEMS; 
 
 AND APPENDIX. 
 
 BY 
 
 T. R. GLOVEB 
 
 LIVERPOOL : 
 PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM POTTER, 30, EXCHANGE STREET EAST. 
 
 18 7 8. 
 

 t^vV' JH-J 
 
 i 'i 1 
 
 O .'< .'.. 
 
' i . (' 
 
 TO 
 MY FIRST SUBSCRIBER 
 
 CHARLES G. FOTHERGILL, Esq., 
 
 MANAGER OF THE 
 
 LONDON AND LANCASHIRE FIRE OFFICE, 
 
 WITH T. R. glover's SINCERE RESPECT, 
 
 GRATITUDE, AND ESTEEM. 
 
 2853-/6 
 
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IV" 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 In soliciting the Fire Insurance Offices to take copies of this ' 
 Work, for its publication by subscription, the Author was circumscribed 
 in the number that would be likely to assist him in ^ving to the 
 Offices generally the benefit of the systems here explained, hence 
 the necessity of ^10 10s. per Copy being charged. 
 
 Since sending out Prospectuses to the Offices generally, the 
 Author has devised a new system for keeping Fire Business Books, 
 adapted to the requirements of the several Home Departments. This 
 system has been adopted and carried out by the "London and 
 Lancashire." It will be found that this new and improved system ■ 
 is in every respect infinitely superior to the older methods hitherto 
 followed, and has the advantage of being considerably more economical, 
 both in cost of books, &c., and labour. 
 
 This system, not contemplated when this Work was commenced, 
 will, if adopted, work into and materially assist the Classification one, 
 and render this Work of greater value than the Prospectus promised. ^ 
 
 Full explanations, with forms and instructions for carrying it 
 out, are here given, and I now leave the matter, confident that a 
 perusal vdll fully shew its value. < _ , . : :. .' 
 
 As to the Classification system and methods here explained, 
 the following will shew that this Work is not published before a 
 necessity arose for one. . ' : 
 
 .. This necessity is far more absolute than is generally supposed, 
 and any Office that has not hitherto classed its business, will find 
 
vi 
 
 that upon doing so, and bringing out the results of Five Years' 
 combined business, that even if a loss (debiting proportionate expenses 
 and margin for profit) upon its gross business transacted in the 
 United Kingdom has not been sustained, one will be shewn under 
 fully 50 per cent, of the individual Classes of risk thereunder, 
 aggregating to about 40 per cent, of the gross premiums. 
 
 A minor illustration, taken from what may be termed the 
 business of the Fire Offices generally {i.e. the Guarantees issued 
 thereon by another Office), will verify to a certain extent the above 
 statement; it is this: — 
 
 ,. In a certain widely-extended district, embracing a fairly large 
 amount in the aggregate upon nearly all kinds of risks, the business 
 resulted, in a term of four combined years, in losses of no less than 
 95 per cent, of the gross premium received upon the said Guarantees 
 issued. Analysing the Classed Statement thereof, and working out the 
 percentage of results, they are thus stated, viz: — ,: 
 
 On Total Premium On Total Losses 
 
 Received. Sustained, 
 
 14 Classes out of the whole List, 
 
 gave 29*19 per cent., and 85*01 
 per cent. 
 
 having respective Losses of 
 
 more than 100 per cent. . . j 
 One- Class, with Loss of over 60 ] gave 1*61 per cent,, and 1*30 per 
 
 per cent. . . — . i . . ) cent. . 
 
 All other Classes (being balance of ] • . * ; 
 
 gave 69*20 per cent., and 13*69 
 per cent. , . ,■ 
 
 103) upon which Office actually 
 * transacted business, and had - 
 respectively a lower loss than 
 60 per cent, thereon . 
 
 This analysis of results would therefore shew, that by the 
 elimination, or partial elimination and revision, of the 15 (or portion 
 
Vll 
 
 of them) unprofitable Classes of risk, might make what had hitherto 
 been an unsatisfactory branch of business, into one shewing profitable 
 results, especially if it was found that the said unsatisfactory Classes 
 of risk were not exceptional, but borne out by general experience in 
 the other branches of the Office's business. 
 
 Having illustrated, to some extent, the necessity of a general 
 system of Fire Statistics being carried out (further illustration might 
 have been given if thought advisable), and such necessity being 
 granted, the next consideration will naturally arise as to "What 
 systems should be followed in order to carry out the work in the 
 most efficient and economical manner?" 
 
 As to the value of his systems of working, as here set forth, the 
 Author feels that he can confidently leave the matter to the verdict 
 of the Subscribers for this Work, to whom he feels extremely grateful 
 for the kind support they have already rendered him in its publication. 
 
 LivEKPooL, February, 1878. 
 
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 iiii^Lx .vi/Ji^, CXi-: '\i 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PART I.— ON GENERAL OFFICE BOOKS. , 
 
 How Renewal Registers, Policy Books, Returns Books, and Endorsement Books 
 to be treated or slightly modified, in order to meet the full requirements of 
 Classification systems, present and future. ... ... ... ... ... 1 
 
 Improved System of Books, combining in One Account the usual Premium Books, 
 or Daily Registers of New Business, and the Renewal Registers, thereby 
 obviating the necessity of posting the Renewals from the Policy Books as 
 hitherto. ... ...• .. ... ... ... ... ... ... 4 
 
 Specifications Nos. 1, 2 and 3 of Business Books, and Specification No. 4 of 
 •''■•' Slip Sheets 5, 6, & 8 
 
 PART II.— ON CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM. 
 
 Alphabetical List, grouped analogously, so as to embrace all risks in Great 
 
 Britain and Ireland, under 118 heads of Classification. ... ... ... 19 
 
 Respective Trades, Businesses, &c., carried on, &c., in Great Britain and Ireland, 
 arranged alphabetically with distinctive Classes of Risk they are to be 
 posted to in Class Registers. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 27 
 
 Supplementary List of last-mentioned (blank) ,., ... ... ... ... 82 
 
 Classed Business Registers — How to be formed, with the advantage of con- 
 tinuously giving required space under respective Class headings, at a 
 minimum cost, or a tithe of the Cost of Registers specially prepared or 
 ordered for the purpose. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... \)0 
 
 Specifications Nos. 5 and 6, or Sheets for Class Business Registers ... 90 & 91 
 
 PART III.— RENEWALS OF FIRST YEAR'S CLASSIFICATION. 
 
 Writing and Balancing Renewal Slip Sheets, and system or method for bringing 
 the whole of the Year's Renewals into exact consecutive order of the 
 numbers of Policies, for convenience of Classification and ready reference, 
 &c ; .^. _ .. 93 
 
Classification of Slips 9S' 
 
 Posting Renewal Slips into Class Registers, and comparing and balancing them, 
 
 &c ... 97 
 
 PART IV.— NEW BUSINESS OF FIRST YEAR'S CLASSIFICATION 
 
 (same year as above Renewals). 
 
 Writing, Adding, and Balancing Slip Sheets, &c., and arranging them 99 
 
 Classing Slips ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 99 
 
 Posting New Business Slips into Class Registers, and comparing and balancing 
 
 them, &c. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 100 
 
 PART v.— RETURNS, CANCELMENTS, AND ENDORSEMENTS OF 
 FIRST YEAR'S CLASSIFICATION (same year as foregoing). 
 
 Writing and Balancing Slip Sheets... ... ... ... ... ... ... 102 
 
 Arranging and Classing Slips ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 103 
 
 Posting Slips into Register, adding and balancing, &c. ... ... ... ... 104 
 
 PART VL— MODE OF SHEWING STATEMENTS OF NETT BUSINESS 
 OF CLASSES 
 
 In Registers and balancing same ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 105 
 
 PART VII.— LOSSES. 
 
 Writing Slip Sheets ... 
 
 Adding, Balancing and Arranging Slip Sheets 
 
 Classing Slips 
 
 Posting Slips into Register, adding and balancing, &c. 
 
 Specification No. 7 of Ten Years' Fire Statistic Book 
 
 106 
 106 
 107 
 107 
 108 
 
 PART VIII.— SYSTEM OR METHODS OF DEALING WITH CLASS 
 REGISTERS, AND THE SLIPS CORRESPONDING THERETO IN 
 SECOND AND FOLLOWING YEARS FROM THE FIRST OR 
 PRECEDING ONE, UNDER SAME HEADS AS FOREGOING... 109 
 
 GENERAL REMARKS UPON THE FOREGOING SYSTEMS ... 114 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 Remarks as to applicability of foregoing Slip Systems to Book-keeping and other 
 
 general purposes, where items are numerous .. . ... ... ... ... 118 
 
 General Notes and Observations as to Working, &c., under foregoing systems ... 119 
 Views as to the advisability of applying the " Average Clause " more generally, if 
 
 not universally, to Fire Insurance ... ... ... ... .. ... 126 
 
 Apparent anomalies in the rating of some Fire Insurance Risks . . ... ... 127 
 
 Views as to the bearing " Causes of Fire " appear to have upon Fire Insurance 
 
 Risks 128 
 
 General views as to the probability of Fire Insurance being reduced, at some 
 
 future date, to a comparative exact science with that of Life Insurance . . . 130 
 
fi. 
 
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PAET I. > - ' --'^ - 
 
 HOW RENEWAL REGISTERS, POLICY BOOKS, RETURNS BOOKS, 
 AND ENDORSEMENT BOOKS TO BE TREATED OR SLIGHTLY 
 MODIFIED, IN ORDER TO MEET THE FULL REQUIREMENTS 
 
 ,; OF CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS, PRESENT AND FUTURE. 
 
 The Renewal Registers first call for attention, owing to the Policy Numbers 
 running first in consecutive order for Classification and Posting. ■■ ; 
 
 Should an Office not have systematically balanced or reconciled the 
 totals appearing in their Renewal Registers for the respective quarters 
 with the Ledger accounts, it will be advisable and necessary that they 
 should at once do so for the full year they intend to Class, &c., in 
 order that a correct basis may be formed for future operations. '. > 
 
 Taking a given year as above, the Registers shewing the Renewals for 
 that year will not have to be altered or modified, as may be the case 
 with subsequent postings of " Amounts Renewable," set forth in the 
 following: — . i. > .... • >. .. . : 
 
 • With regard to the New Business and future dealings with it, attention 
 to a few simple matters will most materially assist the system. For 
 instance, should an Office have, as most have, columns for entering Sum 
 Insured and Premium in their Policy Books, and use them for the purpose 
 of adding and balancing (which many Offices do), the following simple 
 method of entry will, beside clearly shewing the Annual or Future Pre- 
 mium for Renewal Posting, obviate the appearance in black ink of redundant 
 figures that might interfere with ready summing up:— ■ i .• 
 
 If term more than year, state 10s. (Workmen)^ 
 
 ■----'-' *f - - --jii.' - „ .... 2s. (Odd time) 
 
 ■ ■'^' ,1 ''■'-' i9'' '■' - 'it ■ ■-■ .... 15s. (Aimual) 
 
 n:'lj:- If term less than year, state (in red ink) .... 15s. (Annual) 
 
 ,r:.;. .^ ...^ .- ...y,.. .>.^,. ..^ ;. . ... i„^ ., 13s. (Present). 
 
' In posting Renewal Registers from Policy Books, all Policies issued, 
 or entered in Policy Book, to expire at respective quarter days, must 
 pass through their proper Agency or Branch in Renewal Register, irrespective 
 of their being cancelled, or made void in any way, subsequent to entry, 
 and prior to the Renewal Register being posted up. 
 
 Should the Future or Annual Premium, in the interim between issue 
 and posting, be altered by Endorsement, or otherwise, and recorded in 
 Policy* Book, the original amount as per Policy must be posted in black 
 ink, and the altered amount renewable in red ink, in the Policy Book, 
 and also the Renewal Register. ,; • . j, (,v. ,, ; •;! > ■; '. 
 
 Should Policy in said interim be marked ** Cancelled made in error," or 
 " Not taken up," enter in Renewal Register annual amount renewable, and mark 
 in red ink to right, or in extension column, " Cancelled made in error." 
 /.; Should a Policy in said interim be superseded by a subsequent number, 
 
 enter and mark as in last instance, "Cancelled ^''l'''y^T''f'"." ; .; ' ';:.• • 
 
 •(. Should it not have been the practice of the Office to deal with the posting of 
 ike Renewal Register in the manner above specified, it will be necessary to 
 revise the then current year's business (i.e., next term expiries of previous new 
 business), and post all such of the above as may have been omitted. . _i ", .;,. 
 .;, r The basis of the system is, as will be seen by perusal further on, that every 
 Policy issued to expire and he reneioahle on any given quarter day, must he posted 
 into Renewal Register, so that full record will appear there of its changes in premium 
 and full ^^ life" or existence. ■ ,- ■ -. ■' • ■ j n.'u • ■.• ., . .. ! 
 
 ' i Where returns are allowed on the face of Policies, it is desirable that the 
 amounts should not be shewn, or deducted from the Gross Payment, as shewn in 
 ^Premium Column in Policy Books ; a note, however, should be made opposite 
 the number of the Cancelled Policy, at foot of copy, and the entry made for the 
 allowance, in Returns or Cancelment Book. ; ■ i,;^; /jj«.j.: ; . ■ ..; v 
 
 It will be observed further on that it is necessary that every transaction 
 should be separately dealt with ; for instance, it would be inadvisable, where 
 returns are allowed, to put nett amounts to classification, from the possibility 
 of the Cancelled Policies being upon entirely different risks to the new ones. 
 
8 
 
 The Ke turns and Cancelled Policies Book will, of course, shew, under 
 respective branches or heads, and under respective quarters, allowances made 
 in the Keturns by new on superseded Policies, and the Keturns upon Policies 
 made, and renewed in error, together with the necessary totals and summaries. 
 
 The Endorsement Books, or Endorsement Summary Book, will, of course, 
 shew, under respective branches or heads, and quarters, the D""- and C, or 
 Additional and Keturn Endorsements, together with necessary totals and 
 summaries. 
 
 The Quarterly Statemeiit in Policy Book, for the purpose of balancing 
 respective Class Registers therewith, should be shewn as follows, viz. : — 
 
 Sum Insured. Premium. 
 
 Total New Business (i.e., additions of 
 
 Policy Book) 
 
 Less Eeturns on Cancelled Policies i 
 
 .£ 
 
 allowed by foregoing, as per Returns 
 Book folio 
 
 If 
 
 Renewals, as per Renewal Register folio 
 Additional Endorsement, as per En- 
 dorsement Book folio 
 
 Return Endorsements, as per Endorse-] 
 ment Book folio I 
 
 Returns by Policies made and renewed] 
 in error, as per Returns Book folio' 
 
 Nett Business of Quarter.... £ 
 
IMPEOVED SYSTEM OF BOOKS, COMBINING IN ONE ACCOUNT 
 
 THE USUAL PKEMIUM BOOKS, OE DAILY EEGISTEES OF 
 
 NEW BUSINESS, AND THE EENEWAL EEGISTEES, THEEEBY 
 
 OBVIATING THE NECESSITY OF POSTING THE EENEWALS 
 
 J FEOM THE POLICY BOOKS AS HITHEETO. 
 
 TiJis system, on perusal, will be found to possess numerous advantages 
 over others previously followed, amongst which — 
 
 It will, by its economy of labour and material, indemnify, or more than 
 indemnify, any Office adopting it, the cost of carrying out the system of 
 Classification here treated upon. 
 
 It will ensure greater accuracy. ' '' ' ' '• 
 
 It is simple and easy to work. 
 
 It will embrace, under any particular Branch or Head, in one Book, 
 every transaction entered upon, and shew at a glance its full nature until 
 its close, and how it was closed. 
 
 It will enable the readiest possible reference to any particular Policy, 
 owing to the whole business of any particular Branch or Head being in 
 exact consecutive order of the Policies. 
 
 It will save labour in Accounts Department, and simplify the keeping 
 of Accounts. 
 
 It will, by being uniform and running concurrent with the Class Eegister 
 system, enable them both to be worked with very little trouble, and with 
 the utmost possible efficiency. 
 
 . It will ensure the Eenewals being always posted up to the latest period 
 possible — a great advantage over the sometimes present rush made in some 
 Offices immediately before the quarter days. 
 
 The three Specifications annexed meet the several requirements of the 
 respective branches of Fire business. 
 
 Specification No. 1 is for Town Agents, Country Agents, and the business 
 of the respective Branch Offices through direct Policies. 
 
5 
 
 Specification No. 2 is specially adapted for Town Business by direct 
 Policies {i.e., for orders received over the counter at Head Office). 
 
 Specification No. 3 is specially adapted for the whole of the Guarantee 
 business, "Issued" and "Obtained." 
 
 SPECIFICATION No. 1. 
 
 Left Page. 
 
 Eight. 
 
 Date 
 
 Order 
 
 No. 
 
 Policy 
 No. 
 
 Name of Insured 
 
 Agency 
 
 Date Policy 
 
 delivered | 
 
 I or ; 
 
 I despatched 
 
 Date 
 Policy 
 Expires 
 
 First Payment or New 
 Business 
 
 In^'^ed »ate j Premium 
 
 Eight Page No. 1 
 
 — Ccmtinued. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Eenewable 
 Lady Day Quarter 
 
 Eenewable 
 Midsummer Quarter 
 
 Eenewable 
 Michaelmas Quarter 
 
 Eenewable 
 Christmas Quarter 
 
 How and when 
 
 Eemarks 
 
 Sum 
 Insured 
 
 Premium 
 
 Sum 
 Insured 
 
 Premium 
 
 • 
 
 I^«3^,^! Premium 
 
 Sum 
 Insured 
 
 1 
 Premium 
 
 Policy 
 disposed of 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 i 
 
 
 SPECIFICATION No. 2. 
 
 Left Page. [Over. 
 
 Date of ; 
 Order j 
 
 Order 1 
 No. 
 
 1 
 
 Policy 
 No. 
 
 Name of Insured 
 
 Address 
 
 Agent 
 
 1 1 
 
 Date Date 
 Policy Premium 
 Delivered Paid 
 
 Cash 
 Book 
 Polio 
 
 Date 
 
 Policy 
 
 Expires 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 The above Specifications extend across a double page of hupenal Paper. 
 
t 
 
 ^tj*^^^ I Eight Page No. 2. 
 
 First Payment or 
 New Buaness 
 
 Bemarks 
 
 BenewaBle 
 Ladyday 
 Quarter 
 
 Renewable 
 
 Midsummer 
 
 Quarter 
 
 Renewable 
 
 Michaelmas 
 
 Quarter 
 
 Renewable 
 Christmas 
 Quarter 
 
 How and 
 when Policy 
 
 Stun 
 Insured 
 
 Rate 
 
 Premium 
 
 Sum 
 Insured 
 
 Premium 
 
 Sum 
 Insured 
 
 Premium 
 
 1 
 
 Sum 
 Insured 
 
 Premium 
 
 Sum 
 Insured 
 
 Premium 
 
 disposed 
 of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SPECIFICATION No. 8. 
 
 Left Page. j Bight Page. 
 
 
 Take 
 Note or 
 Refer- 
 ence 
 No. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 I ' 
 
 1 
 
 Name of 
 Insured 
 
 Agency 
 
 1 
 
 Nattireof ^'^°I^^ 
 K"* ! PoUcy 
 
 i 
 
 Date 
 
 of 
 Expiry 
 
 First Payment or New Business 
 
 Date of 
 Acceptance 
 
 Policy 
 
 No. 
 
 guar- 
 antee , 
 
 No. 1 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 Sum 
 Guar- 
 anteed 
 
 Rate 
 
 ! 
 
 PKtnitmi 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 i 
 t 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 ! 
 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 lUgbt Page No. 9— Continued. 
 
 Renewable Ladyday and 
 Candlemas Quarters. 
 
 Renewable Midsummer 
 and Whitsunday Quarters. 
 
 Renewable Michaelmas 
 and Lammas Quarters. 
 
 Renewable Christmas and 
 Martinmas Quarters. 
 
 How and THien 
 
 Guarantee 
 disposedof 
 
 Sum 
 Guar- 
 anteed 
 
 Premium 
 
 Sum 
 Guar- 
 anteed 
 
 Preminm 
 
 Smn 
 Guar- 
 anteed 
 
 Premium 
 
 Stmi 
 Guar- 
 anteed 
 
 Plremium 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 The above Specifications extend across a double page of Imperial Papr, 
 
The Books for Office where the system is now in operation, consist of 
 the following, each Book containing 250 leaves, viz. : — 
 
 Thirteen Boohs, styled "Country Agents Business," ''Town Agents 
 Business;" and the remainder of them are styled respectively under the 
 
 heads of the various Branches, " Business," each numbered 
 
 ** 1," and, as business may require, other books to the Specification will 
 be got and numbered respectively, "2," &c. The whole of these are ruled 
 and printed as per " Specification No. 1." 
 
 One Book, styled " Town Business " (i.e., Head Office Counter Business), 
 is ruled and printed as per *' Specification No. 2," and numbered on the 
 back " 1 ; " others will be got as business requires, and marked "2," &c- 
 
 Four Boohs, two styled "Issued Guarantee Business," and numbered 1 
 and 2; two styled "Obtained Guarantee Business," and also numbered 
 1 and 2. These Four Books ruled and printed as per " Specification 
 No. 3;" others will be got as business requires, and numbered 3, &c.* 
 
 In Office where the system is in operation, it only required Copying Clerk 
 to open above Books under it, owing to the Classification system (fully 
 explained herein), having already provided the exact required material for 
 the purpose, through the Classified Slips running, for the respective Books, 
 in exact consecutive order of Policy numbers for the then full year's business 
 in force. 
 
 It will be seen, however, on perusal of the whole matter herein, that 
 it would be extremely advantageous for an Office to adopt the system now 
 being explained, together with the system of Classification explained further 
 on, simultaneously. 
 
 The Slips necessary for the one would equally serve for the other when 
 they are brought into the necessary consecutive order. 
 
 The Slips here referred to are first written on sheets (containing 18 
 slip spaces on each, as per " Specification No. 4 ") from the respective 
 Renewal Kegisters, and when written for the full year, or the several quarters 
 
 "\\ 1^ The PublisLer made the original Books, which were all that coiUd be desired, both for style and 
 quality.— T. E. G. ,' \ -s^ : • . . > i 
 
s 
 
 thereof, are to be summed up and balanced with their respective Benewal 
 Registers. 
 
 SPECIFICATION No. 4. 
 
 f 
 
 558988 
 
 Ladyday, 78 
 
 t 
 
 500 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 ) 
 3 j 
 
 
 
 «■ ',- 
 
 / 
 
 f 
 
 
 
 
 
 . : -:-'i • : '• 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ I 
 
 
 ■"-,•• 
 
 Dwelling-houses 
 
 
 250 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 6 1 
 
 
 
 (In Blue Ink.) 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 1 
 
 j 
 
 ';-r'. '■ ,'•■■• _ '" ; 
 
 Handloom Weavers 
 (In Blue Ink.) 
 
 
 250 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 9 J 
 
 
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 558989 
 
 
 
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 '-"•'■'•* ^\-^. 
 
 
 ■»!''". / , ^ . 
 
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 * 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ;. T^e rtfeov^ two slips are precisely the size of the other sixteen of sheet. The papei' used for 
 
 ruling and spacing is Large Post. — "<• 
 
The Slip Sheets, when thus far completed, can be sent over to the 
 Stationer's to be cut into the spaced single Slips ; this process, by the cutting 
 machine, will only take a few minutes to cut thousands, and is far prefer^^ble 
 in every respect to having the sheets perforated, in order that they may 
 be afterwards torn into single Slips. , , . 
 
 , The Slips being now single, it is an easy matter to bring the whole 
 year's Renewals into exact consecutive order of the Policy numbers, with 
 comparatively httle labour, by following mode, viz, : — , 
 
 First. — Go through whole of Slips, sorting them under the respective 
 .,, hundreds of thousands. 
 
 Second. — Take respectively each hundred thousand section, and sort into 
 
 the tens of thousands. 
 Third. — Take respectively each ten thousand section, and sort into 
 
 thousands. 
 Fourth. — Take respectively each thousand section, and sort into hundreds. 
 Fifth. — Take each hundred section, and sort into tens. 
 Sixth. — Take each section of ten, and sort into units, and at same 
 .,^i time, when thirty or forty (say) are arranged together, take hand 
 
 punch (this punch, which is one similar to those used by Boot- 
 ,.,; makers, cuts a small, clean, round hole through a great thickness 
 
 , of paper, and can be got for a few shillings from any Tool Dealer) , 
 
 and cut hole through them, about half an inch or so from left 
 hand side, and run whipcord through holes ; do this until convenient 
 sized bundles are strung through, and then tie with a secure knot. 
 When thus completed, or brought into exact consecutive order, a Copying 
 Clerk can enter the whole of them into the new respective " Business 
 Books," where they will naturally follow in due sequence of numbers ; 
 he must not, however, put any amounts from Slips into "First Payment" 
 column, but should, immediately after writing the quarter into date of 
 expiry column, carry the Sum Insured and Premium to the respective 
 '' Renewable " columns provided for the purpose. 
 . When the whole of the Slips are posted, it will be desirable, for thorough 
 
 D 
 
10 ' 
 
 check, to take the old Renewable Registers for comparison ; the numbers 
 being in sequence in new book can be referred to rapidly; and as each 
 item is fully compared, each Clerk will "tick off" amount in the respective 
 books. A further check will be to sum up each quarter's column in the 
 " Business Book," which ought then to agree, or balance, with the old 
 Renewal Register totals. - - ■'"- - j- ^ 
 
 It may be noted here that there is nothing to prevent the making up 
 of the "Business Books," and dealing with the Classification ones, simul-' 
 taneously, even with those under one Branch or Head, as whilst one Clerk 
 deals with one bundle of Slips for one purpose, another Clerk could be 
 dealing with another bundle for other purposes, without the one clashing 
 with the other. -^ V .- - --- 
 
 In dealing with the New Business portion, or Policies issued during 
 the year, included under the same Head or Branch as above Renewals, 
 the following will be desirable or necessary: — - - - 
 
 First. — Owing to the new Policies or New Business Policy numbers 
 running in sequence in the respective Policy Books, it will be desirable, 
 in order to economize, both in time and cost of labour, to have the 
 necessary quantity of Slip Sheets sent to the Printer's, for the purpose 
 of having the full requisite numbers of Slips for the year printed by the 
 numbering machine. Whilst on this subject, I may state that I have 
 found it a great advantage to have in the Office, numbered Slip Sheets 
 far in advance of current issues. _ . ._ 
 
 Second. — It wiU be absolutely necessary, in writing these Slips, to state 
 in them the various amounts, in the mode previously shewn for entering 
 Premiums in Policy Books, viz.: — 
 
 Sum Insured. 
 
 If term more than one year (state) .... 1,000 (@ 1/6) .... 10s. (Joiners). \ 
 
 2s. (Odd Time). I 
 
 ft 55 55 55 55 55 •••• 
 
 ,5 ,, ,, ,, .... „ .... 15s. (Annual). 
 
 Bed Ink 
 
 If term less than one .year (state) ....; ; . "<"./,. • .... 15s. (Future). 
 
 Black Ink 
 
 „ „ „ .... „ .... 13s. (Present). 
 
11 
 
 • This mode of stating premiums must be followed also in entering items, 
 both in " Business Books " and Class Eegisters, for the reason that it 
 shews most clearly the annual or future Renewable Premium for extension, 
 and at the same time allows of the present premium being summed up 
 readily; the red ink j&gures I do not find any way obstructive to making 
 the additions correctly. 
 
 The Slip Sheets of New Business will be added up and balanced 
 with respective Policy or other Book, as is the case with Renewal 
 ones. 
 
 When these sheets are cut, it will be found difficult to put them into 
 consecutive order, unless slips of paper are placed between each cut, as 
 the numbers intervening between one slip and its next in sequence will 
 be equal to the number of sheets cut through; but should the slips of 
 paper not be put between the cuts, the readiest way of getting them 
 into consecutive order, will be to take the top number, then look for next, 
 and so on until the whole eighteen cuts are rearranged in original order, 
 when it will then only be necessary to go on taking the top one of each 
 in its sequence. 
 
 The New Business being arranged consecutively, and made up into 
 bundles, one for each quarter, the Copying Clerk can then go on entering 
 them into Business Book, as per mode twice before specified. He can, 
 at the same time, extend the Renewal Premium into the "Amount Renewable" 
 columns, as per respective expiries. Should, however, a Policy expire or 
 be renewable in the same year of its issue, the extension in that case 
 must be made in blue ink, the first year excepted, when they must not be extended 
 at all, and note must be put with black ink in "How and when Policy disposed of" 
 column f "dealt with in foregoing Renewals." Again, should the expiry be in 
 the second year from its issue, in that case the extension figures must be 
 in red ink. 
 
 In entering up the New Business slips into the respective Business 
 Books, a space of ten lines must be left between the close of one 
 quarter's issue and the commencement of another, for the purpose of 
 
ih&^ng the statement of business, whicli will b6 made up in this 
 manner, viz.: — 
 
 <u, 
 
 Total New Business .... Quarter £ 
 
 (being additions) 
 
 ,, Renewals brought down for do. 
 Additional Endorsements, as per 
 
 Endorsement Book folio 
 Return Endorsements, as per Endorse-' 
 
 ment Book folio 
 
 Returns on Cancelled Policies allowed\ 
 
 for by Policies issued in lieu, and 
 
 returns on Policies made and renewed 
 y- in error, as per Summary Returns 
 
 Book folio 
 
 Total Nett Business 
 
 Quarter £ 
 
 M, 
 
 ,•{.' 
 
 £ 
 
 ?♦<■"■- « til? fWl tr 
 
 "When the whole business of the year is entered up, or th6 business 
 brought to a current date from the slips, and the amounts renewable 
 extended, entries must afterwards be made from the Policies themselves 
 as issued, the extensions of the "Amount Renewable" being made at same 
 time; a space of half a page, however, must be left after the close of 
 the year, the reason for which is presently explained. 
 
 The Book being now in operation for current issues, it remains to fally 
 explain how the Renewal portion must be worked out in the most efficient 
 manner. 
 
 Taking up the ''Business Book" as it now stands, it will be seen 
 that every transaction from commencement of preceding year is on record 
 therein. 
 
 It will next be seen that every one of the amounts therein renewable 
 ai the next four quarterly terms is posted or extended. 
 
 Theii cbntinuing oh ihe additions from the Total Renewals of the "^ ' 
 
13 
 
 qflartfers of preceding year, to the close of the New Business or new 
 felicies issued extensions, and ruling a line to form totals at, it will be 
 further seen that, with certain figures next explained, the total here formed 
 iimsi be the Gross "Amount Renewable" at the next succeeding Quarter days. 
 
 The possibility must now be specially remembered of Policies having been issued 
 (H t%e year prior to that of the above closed year, which do not expire until, 
 dr in, the second year from their issue (i.e. the Quarters coming or next 
 renewable). These cases will be discovered by the simple method of 
 
 ing the first I^olicy number issued, in the year above closed, or above 
 M line or point, and th6n going through the Old Renewal Registers, 
 &nd examining the numbers entered below last total of Renewals, and writing 
 from that section of business any slips that may occur for numbers of 
 Mflier sequence than the first Policy number above mentioned. Any such 
 ^lips in'ust be carried out, in blue ink figures, into their respective "Amounts 
 Renewable " column only, on the lines of half-page left after close of first 
 year for that and other purposes. 
 
 Ihe last-mentioned being in " blue in^," there will also be others in 
 current year, or new business of second year, and extended in blue (as 
 per instructions previously given). The whole of these items in "blue" must 
 be carried up to and added to total additions at line, and stated " Brought 
 up," in blue, " Expiries of 18 , issued 18 ," in the " How Policies dis*^ 
 posed of" column. 
 
 At the same time that this is done, it will be advisable to deal with 
 the extensions "in red" (these being extended as per previous instructions, 
 and being issues above line expiring in second year from their date of issue). 
 Th'e sitm of them will be brought down in black into their respective 
 " Ainouhts Renewable " columns only, and immediately over current year's 
 issued, and there stated "Amounts brought down 'in red' being issues 
 6t Ife , expiring iS" ." 
 
 With the "Grross Amount 6en^wai)le " made up at close of first year, 
 M{)ii^fng in h'ext one, there remains to be dealt with the Cancelled 
 Policies and Altered Premiums since last Renewal, or between issue and 
 
14 
 
 current date. These alterations necessarily involve a change in the re- 
 spective total " Amounts Kenewable " before the list or lists are sent out 
 for Renewal. The following will be the simple method of shewing the correct 
 said "Amounts Renewable," which will agree with the Renewal List or 
 Lists totals when made up, viz. : — 
 
 Should an Endorsement involve a change in the Amount of Premium 
 to be charged at next Renewal, or should tariff alterations or other 
 revisions do the same, the Clerk who has to attend to these matters 
 must mark, at the Policy in the "Business Book," the future Premium 
 chargeable, in blue ink, together with the year the next Renewal is due opposite 
 to it, also in blue inh, both immediately over the previous blach ink figures ; at 
 the same time he must mark the corresponding slip in the bundle in 
 precisely the same manner, leaving it in its place ; he must then write out 
 another slip debiting or crediting the particular Policy with the actual difference 
 between the old and new premium chargeable. 
 
 In the case of Cancelments, also involving change in the " Amount 
 Renewable," the Clerk who attends to the matter must, if the Policy be 
 cancelled for any reason, mark it (the reason) in the " Business Book,'' 
 opposite, with blue ink, in the " How and when Policy disposed of " 
 column, such as Cancelled or C. . ^°"*'^ ^°; . 18 (when superseded) ; Can- 
 celled not taken up, 18 ; Cancelled renewed in error, 18 ; Cancelled 
 by loss, 18 ; or Decline, 18 . 
 
 In each case, as the Clerk marks these respective Policies in the 
 Business Book, he must tear off from the bundle its corresponding slip, 
 and mark it, in blue ink, precisely the same as the entry for it. 
 
 Special care is requisite in this work in stating the year in each 
 instance, which year must be the one the next renewal the Policy cancelled would 
 fall due upon. 
 
 The whole of these slips torn from bundles, and marked as above, 
 must be kept, together with those specially written as per above instructions, 
 in their distinctive quarters, until such time as the respective Renewal 
 Lists are being sent out. 
 
M 
 
 When the said Renewal Lists are being written, which must be from 
 " Business Book," omitting those disposed of in the *' How and when 
 PoHcies disposed of " column, also taking the revised blue ink Premiums, 
 the said slips torn off, together with the altered ones, must be summarised 
 for the specific quarter being dealt with, and the total of them deducted 
 from Gross " Amount Renewable," stating in " How and when Policy 
 disposed of" column,' "Less Cancelled and altered since last renewal or 
 issue." The amount then left will balance with the total of Renewal List 
 or Lists, and be the correct "Amount Renewable." ■ . -■ 
 
 :r Of course, in writing Renewal Lists, the blue and red ink extensions 
 will be included, the coloured inks being for Total Statement purposes 
 (shewing Amount Renewable). ^ .^ . - -^ 
 
 When the Clerk has thus dealt with these slips, he will hand them 
 to the Class Register Clerk to deal with. •" i^ 
 
 Up to this point in the instructions I have been treating upon the 
 Specifications Nos. 1 and 2 only of "Business Books," - 
 
 In making out Renewal Lists, the Branch Offices will each have whole 
 business of respective quarter's " Amount Renewable " in one continuous 
 account, but with Direct Agents' "Business Books" a modification of above 
 instructions is necessary, viz.: — * • - - '■ . .. . — . 
 
 Instead of writing Lists as before stated, direct from " Business Books," 
 the receipts will be fully written (Agency, of course, stated thereon), and 
 when the receipts for specific quarter of all "Renewable" are completed, 
 the receipts will be sorted, first into alphabetical order of Agencies, and 
 then each letter taken and sorted to respective Agencies, Renewal Lists 
 will then be made out therefrom, added up, press copies taken, and entered 
 into " Renewal Summary Book ;" the total then made of quarter will agree 
 or balance with correct " Amount Renewable " of quarter, as shewn in 
 " Business Book." ' 
 
 When the Lists are returned from Agency or Branch, together with 
 the receipts not taken up, each receipt must be marked against its 
 respective entn/^ in the "Business Book," with red ink, in the "How and 
 
16 
 
 Y^hen Policy disposed of" column, as Dropped 18 , or otherwise, as the 
 case may determine. Should there be any alteration of Premium, it must 
 also be marked in red ink figures, with the year so altered over previous 
 stated Premium, as per previously given instructions. The corresponding 
 slip in bundle must also be altered in the same manner, and all Dropped 
 or Cancelled Slips of entry from returned receipt at same time torn oS. 
 The Slip for Premium Altered, is to be also written in terms of previous 
 instructions. These returned receipts and altered Premiums, or else the 
 slips, are to be summarised on Renewal List, and deducted therefrom ; 
 a distinct summary of the slips torn from bundles, &c., also will have 
 to be made, and the total thereof deducted from the " Business Book." 
 The nett Renewals in " Business Book " will then agree or balance with 
 total or totals of Renewal List or List Slips ; which when done with, 
 are to be handed to Class Register Clerk, as per instructions given 
 previously. 
 
 Year after year will then follow on in same .routine, precisely th^ 
 same system or method being followed as in preceding instructions ; the 
 "Business Books" lasting just as long as Policies remain in force 
 therein, no new books, except supplementary ones, being required, and 
 no labour of posting Renewals, or transferring whole business from Register 
 to Register, being requisite. 
 
 Further, by careful perusal of the systems here set forth, it will l^e 
 seen that the slips themselves will always be duplicates of the " going " 
 business, in the '' Business Books," and also of the " Classificatio^i 
 fiegisters," or, in other words, they will at any time be faithful and 
 correct records of every insurance in force at then current dates. 
 
 The Guarantee Business "Issued" and "Obtained" remains to be dealt 
 with under No. 3 Specification of " Business Books." 
 
 These Books will be dealt with, in every respect but one, as per 
 instructions already given for the other "Business Books." 
 
 The difference in keeping these will be only that of keeping a dis- 
 |,ii;ictive or separate account for each Office .^ii^ yliom business is tran^^pji^^. 
 
17 
 
 In the Issued Guarantee Section, the number of accounts cannot 
 possibly exceed sixty (about the number of Fire Offices in the United 
 Kingdom). The two " Business Books " will be used simultaneously, and 
 spaced in proportionate ratio to business of each Office, or respective number 
 of slips for each Office. 
 
 In the Obtained Guarantee Section, the number of accounts may be 
 in excess of last mentioned, owing to amounts given off to Continental 
 Offices, but the two "Business Books" will be spaced as in Issued Section. 
 
 In preparing slips for the above two sections of the business (each slip 
 having the name of Office thereon), it will be an easy matter, after slips 
 arranged in sequence of numbers, to keep same sequence, yet sort each 
 Office's slips to respective accounts, for purpose of opening " Business 
 Books," and afterwards throw them back into original sequence or order, 
 for classification and reference purposes. 
 
 When these Books are opened, and accounts completed to current date^ 
 the Specifications in one case (Issued Business), as they come forward, and 
 Guarantees the other as issued, will be entered direct to respective accounts ; 
 a Kough Daily Kegister for each section being kept to enter Acceptances 
 and take Notes pending completion of transactions. 
 
 For Accountancy purposes, the system here set forth will reduce the 
 work to a minimum. 
 
 For instance, directly the accounts in " Business Books " are closed 
 and brought down (of course adding or deducting from each amounts 
 standing in Additionals and Eeturns Books, as there dissected and 
 summarised), each Office will be debited and credited, through Journal and 
 Ledger, with respective total amounts as per "Business Books;" then, as 
 the various accounts come forward from the respective Offices, the items 
 in said accounts will be compared with the accounts in Business Books, 
 each Clerk ticking items as compare or agree, and a Keconcilemeut Book 
 being open alongside, for discrepancies in entries as they may occur. 
 The balance then standing at Eeconcilement Book for the quarter will, 
 with amount standing in Account, agree or shew balance with Ledger. 
 
18 
 
 This balance carried down to next quarter (unless in cases of actual error, 
 when special entry will necessarily be made for correction and the 
 Reconcilement balance altered,) will, as continued on, always shew how 
 differences arise, and keep the accounts square. 
 
 As it is well known that scarcely any two OfHces close their accounts 
 at same exact time, or with same items, a Reconcilement Book, therefore, 
 has at all times been a necessity in dealing with the accounts of Guarantee 
 Business. 
 
m 
 
 PAET II. 
 
 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE BUSINESS. 
 
 ALPHABETICAL LIST, GROUPED ANALOGOUSLY, SO AS TO EM- 
 BRACE ALL RISKS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND UNDER 
 THE FOLLOWING 118 HEADS OF CLASSIFICATION, viz. :— 
 
 CLASS 
 NO. 
 
 CLASS OR DESCRIPTION OF RISK. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 9 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 Bacon, Provision, and Fish Curers. 
 
 Beetling Mills. 
 
 Blacksmiths, and Tin or Zinc Plate Workers (small Workshops 
 
 only). 
 Bleachers, Dyers, and Calico Printers. 
 Booksellers and Stationers (no Printing done). 
 Bootmakers, Saddlers, and Leather Dealers' Shops (no Currying 
 
 done). 
 Boot Manufactories (large premises only). 
 Bread Bakers and Confectioners (no Biscuit Baking or Confectionery 
 
 manufactured therein). 
 Brewers and Maltsters. 
 Cabinet-makers, Carpenters, Joiners, and all other workers in Wood 
 
 (Pianoforte Makers, Organ Builders, and Saw Mills excepted), 
 
 having not more than Six Benches, and no Steam Power. 
 Cabinet-makers, &c., as in last, having more than Six Benches, 
 
 or having Steam Power. 
 
CLASS 
 NO. 
 
 20 
 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE BUSINESS.— (7anfm«^^. 
 
 CLASS OR DESCRIPTION OF RISK. 
 
 12 Cabinet-makers, Sale Shops only, including Auctioneers' Sale Eooms, 
 
 Furniture Brokers, and Dealers in • Antiquities, Paintings, &c. 
 
 13 Calenderers and Sizers or Finishers of Cotton and Flaxen Cloths- 
 
 14 j Chemical and Chemical Manure Manufactories. 
 
 15 China, Glass, and Earthenware Dealers. 
 
 16 Churches, Chapels, and Schools. 
 
 17 Cloth Dressers and Finishers (Woollen and Worsted only, not being 
 
 in risk of, or connected with. Mills). 
 
 18 I Coffee-houses, Dining-rooms, or Eating-houses. 
 
 19 i Coffee Roasters. ? . - 
 
 20 i Colour and Varnish Manufactories. 
 
 21 Confectionery Manufactories. ' • ' ■ • ' 
 
 22 Cork Cutters. * - ' - 
 
 23 Corn Mills and Granaries connected, with not more than Six Pairs 
 
 of Stones (No. 1). 
 
 24 Corn Mills and Granaries connected, with more than Six Pairs of 
 
 Stones (No. 2). ' ' - 
 
 25 Cotton Mills having detached Blowing Rooms, or having the Blowing 
 Room cut off from other portions of Mill by a fire-proof passage 
 at least 10 feet long, with iron doors at each end (No. 1). 
 
 26 I Cotton Blowing Rooms and Cotton Mills, having Blowing Room 
 not in accordance with last mentioned (No. 2). 
 
 27 Counting-houses or Office Buildings having nothing more hazardous 
 therein. 
 
 28 Distilleries. 
 
 29 Drapers, including all Retail Dealers in Textile Fabrics of every 
 description, with total insurances on Stock of not more than 
 £1,000 (No. 1). 
 
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE BUSINESS.— Coii^mi^g^. 
 
 CLASS 
 NO. 
 
 CLASS OR DESCRIPTION OF RISK. 
 
 30 Drapers, as in last, with total insurances on Stock amounting to 
 more than ^61,000 (No. 2). • ' 
 
 31 Druggists' Shops (having no Laboratories). 
 
 32 Drug and Dyewood Grinders. " . . 
 
 33 Dwelling-houses in private tenure (Mansion-houses in the Country 
 excepted). - 
 
 34 Engineers, Machinists, Ironfounders, Brassfounders, and all other 
 workers in Metal, except Blacksmiths and Tin or Zinc Plate 
 Workshops (small only) having no Wood Working or Pattern 
 Making therein (No. 1). 
 
 35 Engineers, &c., as in last, having Wood Working or Pattern 
 Making done therein (No. 2). 
 
 36 Farming Stock. 
 
 37 Farm Outbuildings (Thatched, &c., included, and Steam Threshing 
 Machines for Hire). 
 
 38 Flax and Felt (when Flax used) and Jute Mills (in cotland, only 
 warehouse portion, if rated under warehouse special tariff, to go 
 to warehouses in Dundee, &c.) 
 
 39 Flax Scutching Mills. 
 
 40 Floor or Oil Cloth Manufactories. 
 
 41 Fustian Cutters. 
 
 42 Gas Works. 
 
 43 Grocers', Provision Dealers', Seedsmens', Greengrocers', Butchers', 
 Fishmongers', Poulterers', and all small non-hazardous Shops, 
 not otherwise included (Dealers in Mineral Oils excepted). 
 
 44 Hand-loom Weavers. 
 
 45 Hat Manufactories (Felt and Silk only). 
 
 46 Hatters' Sale Shops. 
 
NO. 
 
 22 
 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE BTJSm'E.BB.— Continued. 
 
 CLASS OR DESCRIPTION OF RISK. 
 
 47 Hospitals, Baths, Workhouses, Lunatic Asykims, Municipal Build- 
 
 ings, Courts of Justice, Colleges, and other Public Institutions 
 of like nature. ^ ,, ,t,,-t> - -, , ^.i^ ^- 
 
 48 Hotels, Public-houses, and Beerhouses. ■ , 
 
 49 India Eubber and Gutta Percha Manufactories. 
 
 50 Ironmongers (no Mineral Oils kept). : - 
 
 51 Jewellers, Watch and Clock Makers, and Opticians. 
 62 Lace Manufactories. . , 
 
 58 Mansion-houses (Country only). ; 
 
 54 Marine Store Dealers. .- . r^ 
 
 55 Music Halls, Concert Rooms, Waxwork Exhibitions, &c. 
 
 56 Oil and Colourmen's Shops, including all Retail Dealers of Mineral 
 
 Oils. . •., . . : 
 
 67 Oilmen's Store Manufactories, comprising Mustard, Blacking, Pick- 
 
 ling, Preserving, and Starch and Gum Manufactories. 
 
 68 Oil Mills, Oil Refineries, Soaparies, Candle Works, and Tallow 
 )• Chandleries. *;.,.. 
 
 59 Painters, Plumbers, Glaziers, and Paper-hangers. • 
 
 60 Paper Mills. ,. • , _ 
 
 61 Papier Mache Manufactories, Paper Tube Mills, Paper Stainers, 
 
 and Card, Pasteboard, Paper Box, and Paper Collar Manufactories. 
 
 62 Pawnbrokers. . . : 
 
 63 Photographers. , , ' ". " 
 
 64 Pianoforte and Organ Manufactories. 
 
 65 Potteries, Glass Works, Brick, &c., and Cement Manufactories. 
 
 66 Printers and Bookbinders. .. fi ,.,: ^ «, 
 
 67 Railway Property of all kinds, and Plant, &c., of Collieries. 
 
 68 Rice Mills. 
 
23 
 
 CLASS 
 NO. 
 
 CLASSIFICATION OF FIEF BUSINESS.— Cowimwei. 
 
 CLASS OR DESCRIPTION OF RISK. 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 71 
 
 72 
 73 
 74 
 75 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 78 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 
 81 
 
 82 
 83 
 
 84 
 85 
 86 
 87 
 
 88 
 
 Eoperies (Twine, Sacking, and Net Manufactories included, except 
 
 when under Flax and Jute Mill Tariff). 
 Salt Works. 
 Saw Mills. ' 
 
 Ship and other Biscuit Manufactories. ' 
 
 Shipbuilding Yards. ; \ 
 
 Ship Chandlers and Sailmakers. 
 Ships in Harbour. Kiver Clyde. 
 
 ,, Eiver Mersey. ■■ - . 
 
 ,, Eiver Thames. 
 
 ,, Other places and Floating Insurances in the 
 
 United Kingdom. 
 Shops rated as hazardous, but with description insufficient to be 
 
 included under other headings. • ' 
 
 Silk Mills. 
 Smallware Manufactories, including Hosiery (if not under the 
 
 Worsted Mill Tariff), Shirt, Umbrella, Clothing, and Elastic 
 
 Web, &c., Manufactories. 
 Soda and other Aerated Water Manufactories. ' 
 Stables and Outbuildings generally (Farm Buildings, and Thatched 
 
 or other hazardously constructed Buildings excepted). 
 Straw Hat Manufactories. • 
 
 Sugar Eefineries (including all risks within outside walls). 
 Sundry Special Eisks not otherwise included in Classification. 
 Tanners, Curriers, Leather Dyers, and Japanners, and Leather 
 
 Grlove Manufactories. 
 Thatched and other Buildings of hazardous construction (Farm 
 
 Buildings excepted). 
 
24 
 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE BUSINESS.-Cojifmw^i. 
 
 CLASS 
 NO. 
 
 CLASS OE DESCRIPTION OF RISK. 
 
 89 Theatres. 
 
 90 Timber Yards unconnected with Workshops and Saw Mills. 
 
 91 Tobacco, Cigar, and Snuff Manufactories. . . ., 
 
 92 Tobacconists, Toy Dealers, Hair Dressers and Perfumers, Brush 
 Dealers, and Dealers in Fancy and Perishable (from Fire) 
 Goods not otherwise included in Classification. . 
 
 WAREHOUSES, Wholesale for the deposit of Goods, Corn, 
 Merchandise, &c., unconnected with Factories 
 in the following places : — 
 
 93 In Bradford. • 
 
 94 „ Huddersfield. , , : . 
 
 95 ,, Leeds. 
 
 96 „ Hull. ;:.^ ;.. .; -- :: ■ ... '. 
 
 97 ,, Manchester (all), including those Carriers' Warehouses, when 
 insurance specific, that are covered under "Carriers Float- 
 ing," Manchester, &c. , , . ^ ■ 
 
 98 ,, Liverpool, Certified, and other specific risks covered by next 
 ■ mentioned (Albert, Stanley, and Wapping 
 
 Docks excepted). ; . . i 
 
 99 ,, „ „ floating. • - .1 
 
 100 ,, ,, Uncertified, Petroleum, Specific Warehouses, Yards, 
 .. - '• &c., included. 
 
 101 I ,, ,, ,, floating, including Petroleum Floating, &c. 
 
 102 ,, ,, Carriers. .;, . •-. ^ ■ > . i 
 
 103 I ,, ,, ,, floating. ... ,, . „ , , ., ..-'{ 
 
i^ 
 
 •nit 
 
 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE BUSINESS.— Con^i;?we<^. 
 
 CLASS 
 NO. 
 
 104 
 
 105 
 106 
 107 
 108 
 109 
 110 
 111 
 
 112 
 113 
 114 
 115 
 116 
 
 117 
 
 118 
 
 CLASS OR DESCRIPTION OF RISK. 
 
 In Liverpool, Albert, Stanley, and Wapping Docks (including 
 Warehouses on margin of Corn Warehouse Dock). 
 Newcastle-on-Tyne and Gateshead. 
 Nottingham. 
 
 London, for Manchester and such like Goods as per Tariff. 
 ,, Merchandise or • Mercantile Tariff. 
 ,, Other than above mentioned. 
 Belfast. , 
 Dundee, and all other Warehouses in Scotland, rated under 
 
 the Dundee Tariff. 
 Leith and Granton. 
 
 Glasgow and Paisley, for Goods as per Tariff. 
 Glasgow and Greenock, for Merchandise as per Tariff. 
 Generally or other than before mentioned. 
 
 Woollen Mills, having no Willying or Rag Grinding done, except 
 in Buildings detached, or separated by fireproof passage, at least 
 10 feet in length, with an iron door at each end (No. 1). 
 Woollen, Willying or Rag Grinding Buildings, or Woollen Mills 
 where same is carried on therein, or not in conformity with 
 last mentioned (No. 2). 
 Worsted Mills. 
 
 The first basis of the foregoing heads of Classification was, upon a 
 close analysis of nearly 6,000 claims, spread over a term of seven years, 
 and this now amended list results from a like experience of a second 
 term of same duration, and embracing nearly double the number of 
 claims of first. 
 
 Offices may find it desirable to change or modify the list here given. 
 
26 
 
 but I should most strenuously advise that they should not extend the 
 number of heads to a greater limit, for the reason found by long experience, 
 that only a small proportion of the groups may require investigation, and 
 the fact that the labour and inconvenience of dissection for fuller inves- 
 tigation would only be a tithe of that involved in having continuously a 
 ctimbrously large number of distinct accounts in the Class Kegisters. 
 
 ■■ ' ... " _ ■... '!"■ '^-K 
 
 .''■'iiaT -1 , -".i. -^ ^ ,7<cifii^'t r}Lih > ,, til 
 
 ' i - 
 
 ,•''-' ■ ''.,-;7.'" ^r. . ■.■'/'■[' -ill \. Lfi-r i.'n'^ ^5!>' '<♦■ :;^H/.h''^^ -.'••-l*;^^f ?II 
 
 .1 . ' V ' " ; 
 
 i-a-'ir.^ . 
 
 
 ^^1.1' : / ?f ■' ^ 
 
 .-.n:'? n; 
 
 •'i, 'V. 
 
 »j ;*;■>■'•? J 
 
 , »/>}J.-M 
 
 ..:( 
 
 
* 
 
 '.'■i' 
 
 EESPECTIYE TKADES, BUSINESSES, &c., CAKEIED ON IN GEEAT 
 BEITAIN AND lEELAND, AEEANGED ALPHABETICALLY, WITH 
 DISTINCTIVE CLASSES OF EISK THEY AEE TO BE POSTED 
 TO IN CLASS EEGISTEES. 
 
 In all cases where there are more trades or risk in one Building or Buildings in risk of, 
 or communicating therewith, the insurance must be classed to the major risk, or the one that in 
 itself would be rated the highest. 
 
 hi the following, where a trade has onbj one Class against it, the correct Class to be posted 
 to will depend upon the description or particulars given in Policy, or the nature of the risk 
 bringing it under a tariff', dc. 
 
 Where, as in Cabinet Makers, Corn Mills, Cotton Mills, Sc, the Classes are subdivided, 
 the " Class No." will have to ba found by referring to the printed List of Classifications, or 
 ^he respective tarij's, as in all cases the full necessary instructions could not be given in the 
 following without unduly extended notes. 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class of Eisk. 
 
 Account Book Manufacturers 
 
 Printers, &c., where Account Books made, 
 
 
 on premises only, otherwise Booksellers. 
 
 Accountants ;. r .• .. 
 
 Counting-houses, if no greater risk in 
 
 
 building. 
 
 Agents generally , i .^.-f,':- 
 
 Counting-houses, if no greater risk in 
 
 
 building. 
 
 Agricultural Implement Makers 
 
 Engineers, &c., 1 or 2, as per wood working 
 
 
 or not. 
 
 Album Makers 
 
 Printers, &c., or Booksellers, as per risk, 
 
 
 manufacturing or sale only. 
 
 Albumen Manufactories ■■,-, 
 
 Sundry special risks. 
 
 Ale and Porter Merchants .. 
 
 Warehouses (store). Counting-houses (if 
 
 - - I - -.• '" • ';■ 
 
 offices only). 
 
28 
 
 Teade, &c. 
 
 Class of Kisk. 
 
 Alpaca Manufacturers & Spinners 
 
 Alum Manufactories 
 Ammonia Manufactories 
 Ammunition Manufactories 
 
 Analysts' Laboratories 
 Anchor Manufactories 
 
 Angola Spinners & Manufactories 
 Annato Manufactories 
 
 Anvil Manufactories 
 Appraisers 
 
 Appraisers 
 
 Aquafortis Manufactories 
 Armour Plate Manufactories 
 
 Architects '• 
 
 Army Clothing Manufactories 
 
 Artificial Eye Makers 
 
 Artificial Florists .--u'' 
 
 Worsted Mills, if manufacturing ; Ware- 
 houses, if store only out of Mill Yard. 
 
 Chemical, &c., Manufactories. , 
 
 Chemical, &c.. Manufactories. 
 
 Uninsurable — Sundry Special Risks if 
 insured. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Engineers, &c., No. 1 if no working in wood. 
 No. 2 if working in wood. 
 
 Worsted Mills if manufacturing, Warehouses 
 if store only for the goods out of Mill Yard. 
 
 Drug Grinders, &c., Manufactory and Pre- 
 mises connected therewith. 
 
 Engineers 1 or 2, as per wood working. 
 
 Counting-houses, if goods not stored in 
 premises. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., Sale Shops if goods 
 stored in premises. 
 
 Chemical, &c., Manufacturers. 
 
 Engineers, &c.. No. 1 or 2, as per wood 
 working. 
 
 Counting-houses, if nothing more hazardous 
 in building. 
 
 (See Clothiers Wholesale). Small ware, &c.. 
 Manufactories. 
 
 Potteries, &c., vide Policy as to process or 
 material. 
 
 Smallware, &c.. Manufactories, if manufac- 
 turing on premises; Drapers, &c., No. 1 
 or 2, if sale only on premises. 
 
29 
 
 Trade, &c. > 
 
 Class op Kisk. 
 
 Artificial Limb Makers 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., No. 1 or 2, vide 
 
 
 number of benches. 
 
 Artists in Private Dwelling-houses 
 
 Dwelling-houses. 
 
 Artists' Colourmen 
 
 Booksellers, &c., if leading trade Print- 
 
 - t- 
 
 sellers ; Cabinet Makers, &c., Sale Shops ; 
 
 
 if leading trade Picture Dealers. 
 
 Ashes Pan Manufactories 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., when on small scale ; 
 
 
 Engineers, &c., if on large scale. 
 
 Asphalters or Asphalte M'factories 
 
 Sundry Special Eisks. 
 
 Assayers 
 
 Sundiy Special Eisks. 
 
 Astronomical Instrument Makers 
 
 Dealers only to Jewellers, &c. ; Manufac- 
 
 
 turers to Engineers, &c. 
 
 Asylums generally 
 
 Hospitals, &c. 
 
 Auctioneers' Counting-houses, no| 
 Sale Eooms 
 
 Counting-houses, if nothing more hazardous 
 
 in Building, otherwise to the major risk. 
 
 Auctioneers* Sale Eooms . • . 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c.. Sale Shops. 
 
 Auger Manufactories .:,.= : 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Awl Blade Manufactories . , 
 
 Engineers, &c. ' 
 
 Axle Manufactories 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Baby Linen Shops 
 
 Drapers, &c. 
 
 Bacon Curers 
 
 Bacon, &c., Curers. 
 
 Bacon Factors (wholesale, no dry- 
 ing stoves) 
 
 Warehouses, as per situation. - - 
 
 Bag Manufactories (leather and 
 
 Bootmakers, or Boot Manufacturers, (fee. (if 
 
 carpet) 
 
 on large scale). 
 
 Bag and Sheet Manufactories 
 
 Flax Mills, or otherwise per risk. 
 
 Bakers, &c. (no biscuit baking) 
 
 Bread Bakers, &c. 
 
 Bakers and Flour Dealers, oven 
 
 Grocers, &c. 
 
 not on premises 
 
 - I li-M 
 
 Bakers (biscuits) 
 
 Ship, &c., Biscuit Manufacturers. 
 
m 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Bakers' Peel Makers 
 
 Baking Powder Manufactories 
 
 
 Banks 
 
 Barracks r 
 
 Barometer Makers 
 
 Basket Makers (working) 
 Basket Dealers only . . .. 
 Bass Dressers 
 
 Baths (public) 
 Bath Manufactories 
 
 Bayonet Manufactories, &c. .vj . - : 
 Bed and Mattress Manufactories 
 Bed and Mattress (dealers only) 
 Bedstead Manufactories (iron) 
 Bedstead Manufactories (wood) 
 Bead Makers (glass) . . . 
 
 Bead Makers (gold, &c.) 
 Beer Engine Makers 
 Bed Hook Makers 
 Beer Ketailers 
 
 Beer Machine (or Engine) Casej 
 Makers f 
 
 Bell Founders 
 
 Class of Eisk. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. ...:._ 
 
 Chemical, &c., Manufacturers, if Chemical 
 processes ; Oilmen's Stores, &c., Manu- 
 facturers, if simply mixing materials, &c. 
 
 Counting-houses, if no greater risk in 
 building. 
 
 Hospitals, &c. ■■/''■ '-: '-'. 
 
 Jewellers, &c., if no wood working, as Opti- 
 cians, &c. ; if on large scale of manufacture 
 to Engineers, &c. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., No. 1. '- 
 
 Tobacconists, &c. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c.. No. 1 (risk as Basket 
 Makers). 
 
 Hospitals, &c. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c. (Engineers, &c., if Works 
 on large scale). - 
 
 Engineers, &c. '^-V.i .; . l ., j. 
 
 Sundry Special Eisks. va ru !?I. -♦f/A 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., Sale Shops. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Potteries, &c. 
 
 Jewellers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Hotels, &c. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 .J a 
 
ai'fs 
 
 Trade, &o. 
 
 Class of Risk. 
 
 Bellows Manufactories 
 Bellows Pipe Manufactories 
 
 ,.') 
 
 Belt Clasp Manufactories 
 
 Benzine and Benzole Distillers 
 (uninsurable ?) - 
 
 Berlin Wool Repositories 
 
 Billiard and Bagatelle Table Manu- 
 factories . <H«.'IHi > 
 
 Billiard, &c.. Ball Manufactories 
 Billiard Cloth Manufactories 
 Billiard Rooms (public) 
 Binding Manufactories (trimmings) 
 Birch & Heath Broom Makers 
 Bird Dealers 
 
 Bird and Animal Preservers 
 Bird Cage Makers 
 
 ,. 1 / 
 
 Birmingham and Sheffield Goods] 
 Dealers - >-:" nv.A 
 
 Black Lead (pencil) Manufactories 
 Black Lead (polishing) M'factories 
 Black Ornament Manufactories | 
 . (imitation jet) ^ 
 
 Blackware M'factories (earthenware) 
 Blacking (shoe) Manufactories 
 Blacksmiths 
 
 Engineers, &c., or CabinetMakers, &c., vide 
 
 leading part of risk. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, if on large 
 
 scale. -f... . . 
 
 Engineers, &c. ...:,. < m. «:.'." 
 
 ■j ><t 
 
 Oil Mills, &c., if insured. 
 
 Tobacconists, &c. :.«■;:■ • _ > ■■- > 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Woollen Mills, or per risk. • • • 
 
 Hotels, &c. % 
 
 Smallware, &c.. Manufacturers. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Tobacconists, &c. • 
 
 Tobacconists, &c. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Cabinet Makers, if 
 
 working in wood. • 
 
 Warehouses, if not shop; Ironmongers, if 
 " retail shop. • ' 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., wood working. '' 
 
 Oilmen's Store, &c.. Manufacturers. " ' 
 
 ( ! • j 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 
 Blanket Manufactories 
 
 yiri. 
 
 Potteries, &c. :..{./ • 
 
 Oilmen's Store, &c.. Manufacturers. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., if risk on very large 
 
 scale to Engineers, &c. - 
 Woollen Mills, or v. risk. "' 
 
 ■ < • ■ . .- 
 
32 
 
 Teade, &c. 
 
 Class of Kisk. 
 
 Blanket Merchants 
 
 Bleachers 
 
 Bleaching Powder Manufactories 
 Blow-pipe Manufactories 
 Blue (washing) Manufactories 
 Boarding-houses (private) 
 Boat and Barge Builders 
 
 Boat &■ Barge Owners (on boats, &c.) 
 
 Bobbin Manufactories 
 
 Boiler Plate Manufactories 
 
 Bolt Manufactories 
 
 Bonded Cellars, Vaults, or Ware 
 
 houses 
 Bone Boilers . ,;, 
 
 Bone Crushers (manure manufac- 
 tories) 
 Bone Turners (button and the like) 
 Bookbinders (workshops) 
 Bookbinders (no work, retail shops i 
 
 only ' 
 
 Book Clasp Manufactories 
 Book Lock Manufactories 
 Booksellers (no printing or book 
 
 binding on premises) 
 Booksellers (if last done therein) 
 Boot Manufactories (large factories) 
 
 Drapers, &c., (for retail) Warehouses (whole- 
 sale, no shop). 
 
 Bleachers, &c. '■'- - ; > 
 
 Chemical, &c., Manufacturers. 
 
 Engineers, &c. ' '. ' fl;.^ 
 
 Oilmen's Store, &c.. Manufacturers. : > L 
 
 Dwelling-houses. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., or Shipbuilding Yards, , 
 as per nature or extent of risk. 
 
 Ships in Harbour (afloat). 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. ' " .•,';.. 1. 
 
 Engineers, &c. * • ;;i l" 1 
 
 Engineers, &c. ' ' f 
 
 Warehouses. 
 
 Oil Mills, &c.p or Sundry Special Risks ; if for ■ 
 manufacturing Bone articles, not oil ex- 
 tracting. ^ 
 
 Chemical, &c.. Manufacturers. 
 
 -'T 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 
 
 Printers, &c. ' 
 
 
 ■ i-.. ! -^^ .^a 
 
 Booksellers, &c. 
 
 .tn^u 
 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 ( 1? 
 
 '_ ;r. jif JifO)) 
 
 Engineers, &c. ' '■ 
 
 ■ > 1 '; 
 
 ^■i:-- ^ ^ -^ 
 
 Booksellers, &c. 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 i 
 
 Printers, &c. 
 
 
 
 Boot Manufacturers. ? 
 
 MnJiiyai 
 
 nn^M ifri'AtJAi'il 
 
Tbade, &c. 
 
 Class op Risk. 
 
 Boot and Shoemakers' Shops and 
 
 small Workshops 
 Bottle (glass) Manufactories 
 Bottle Cap or Capsule M'factories| 
 
 (metal) 1 
 
 Bottle Merchants (wholesale) 
 Bottle Merchants (retail shops) 
 Bottling Stores 
 Box and Trunk Clip Manufactories 
 
 Bottle Envelope Makers (straw) 
 
 Brace and Belt Manufactories 
 
 Brace Bit Manufactories (tools) 
 
 Braid Manufactories 
 
 Brand Makers ,.,,.. 
 
 Brass Finishers , /..; . 
 
 Brass Founders /.iS .- 
 
 Brass Turners /yj^ , 
 
 Brass Polishers 
 
 Bread and Butter Platter Makers ] 
 
 (wood) j 
 
 Brewers 
 Brewhouses, small, communicating 
 
 with Public House 
 Brewing Pan Manufactories 
 Brick and Tile Manufactories 
 Brick and Tile Merchants (storage 
 
 only) 
 Bricklayers (materials in yard, 
 &c.) . ._ 
 
 Bootmakers, &c. 
 
 Potteries, &c. ' ' .' 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Warehouses, &c. 
 
 China, Glass, &c.. Dealers. 
 
 Warehouses. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per 
 
 scale of works. 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 Smallware, &c., Manufacturers. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Smallware, &c., Manufacturers. • 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. > ' 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Brewers, &c. . "'1 
 
 Hotels, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. • : . 
 
 Potteries, &c. 
 
 Stables, &c. 
 Stables, &c. 
 
 .1/ 
 
 a 
 
M 
 
 Tkade, &c. 
 
 Class of Kisk. 
 
 Bridges, Piers, or Promenades 
 
 (wood, &c.) 
 Bridle Bit Makers .: ^ . 
 
 Bridle Cutters • 
 
 Bristle Merchants 
 
 Britannia Metal Manufactories 
 British Wine and Cordial Manufac- 
 tories 
 British Workmen Public Houses 
 Broach Makers (tool) 
 
 Brokers (general mercantile) 
 
 Brokers (furniture and the like) 
 
 Bronze Manufactories 
 
 Bronze Article Manufactories 
 
 Brooch Manufactories 
 
 Brooch Glass Cutters 
 
 Brush Manufactories (wood work- 
 ing done) 
 
 Brush Manufactories (no wood 
 working) 
 
 Brush Board Cutters 
 
 Buckle Manufactories 
 
 Buff and Glazer M'facts. (cutlery) 
 Bullet Mould Manufactories 
 Buhl Cutters 
 Builders (working in wood) 
 
 Sundry Special Eisks. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c,, if 
 working on large scale. : ; . - . 
 
 Bootmakers, &c., as Saddlers. 
 
 Tobacconists, &c. (Retail Shop), Warehouses, 
 (Wholesale Warehouses). - . V 
 
 Engineers, &c. .-.«?< "^^ :*--' 
 
 Oilmen's Store, &c.. Manufacturers. 
 
 > ■ • ■ 
 
 Coffee-houses, &c. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., if 
 
 Works on large scale. 
 Counting-houses or Warehouses, as per risk. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., Sale Shops. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. v.- Mi' 
 
 Jewellers , &c . ^'i "' uu^' >. v^ . ■ • ; -' : 
 
 Jewellers, &c. no^tif',!. i --iiil' 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 •" ■ , . ■• . ''■' 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 scale of works. 
 
 Engineers, &c. r. ■ : .^.u: -.:•:.' 1 
 
 Engineers, &c. k .' 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. /■';-'.,]■ ; .. - . - 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. [- 
 
35. 
 
 Trajoe, &c. 
 
 Builders' Yards, if Tioiber Yards ^ 
 and no wood working J 
 
 Builders' Yards, if ordinary Build- 
 ing Materials only, and not 
 ordinary Timber Yard risks 
 
 Builders' Ironmongers (manufact'g) 
 
 Builders' Ironmongers' Stores only 
 
 Buildings in course of erection 
 
 Bunting Manufactories 
 Butchers' Sale Shops 
 Butchers' Slaughter Houses, &c. 
 Butter Factors and Merchants 
 
 Button (metal) Manufactories 
 Button (horn, bone, pearl) M'facts 
 Button Shank Makers 
 Cab Proprietors' Stables, &c., and 
 
 Contents .-, ■ . 
 
 Cabinet Makers' Work Shops 
 Cabinet Makers' Sale Shops (no 
 
 work done) 
 Cabinet Case Makers 
 Cabinet Case Spring Makers 
 
 Cabinet Cover M'factories (textile) 
 Cabinet Carvers . . 
 
 Calenderers /n"!. "., .: 
 Calico Printers 
 
 Class op Kisk. 
 
 Timber Yards. 
 
 Stables, Warehouses, or Thatched, as per 
 construction of buildings, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Ironmongers (retail shops). Warehouses 
 
 (wholesale). * 
 
 To risk intended to be occupied for on 
 
 completion. 
 Worsted Mills, or v. risk. 
 Grocers, &c. 
 
 Stables, &c., v. construction. ' 
 
 Grocers, &c. (retail shops). Warehouses 
 
 (wholesale warehouses). 
 Engineers, &c. - 
 
 Sundry Special Eisks. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Stables, &c., or v. construction. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Cabinet Makers' Sale Shops. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Blacksmiths or Engineers, as per scale of 
 
 risk. 
 Worsted Mills, or as per risk. . 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Calenderers, &c. 
 Bleachers, &c. 
 
36 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class op Kisk. 
 
 Calico Printing KoUer M'factories 
 Calico Web Manufactories (cutlery) 
 Camel Hair Pencil Manufactories 
 Candle Guard Manufactories (brass) 
 Candlestick Makers 
 
 Cane Workers .' 
 
 Cannon Founders 
 
 Candle Mould Makers . J. 
 
 Canvas Manufactories 
 
 Cap (cloth) Makers 
 
 Cap Peak and Cockade Makers 
 Capsule Manufactories (bottle & jar) 
 Card Manufactories (for wool and 
 
 cotton weaving) 
 Card and Cardboard Manufactories 
 Card Case Makers (ivory and tor- ] 
 
 toiseshell) J 
 
 Card Case Makers (leather) 
 Card Cloth M'factories (vulcanised) 
 
 Card Nailers 
 
 Card Pin Makers 
 
 Card Setting Machine Makers 
 
 Carmen's Stables, &c., and Contents 
 
 Carpenters and Joiners 
 
 Carpet Cleaners 
 
 Carpet and Rug Manufactories 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. i '"ir 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. ' ■ ; - ' ^ i 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Engineers or Blacksmiths, as per scale of 
 
 risks. - 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. '■>-.! .- i. v 
 
 Engineers, &c. . " 
 
 Engineers, &c. '"/"••<:; '-p '" ' 'i-''^ . "'' 
 Flax Mills, &c. 
 Drapers, &c., or Smallware Manufacturers, 
 
 as per risk 
 Bootmakers, &c., or v. risk • 
 Engineers, &c. . . ' 
 
 Sundry Special risks 
 
 Papier Mache, &c., Manufacturers •' 
 
 Sundry Special Risks 
 
 'f J 
 
 Printers and Bookbinders. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks, or India Rubber, &c., 
 
 Manufacturers, v. process. • j 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. ; :•' 
 
 Stables, &c., or v. construction. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. ' > • . J ,' 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 Woollen, Worsted, or Flax Mills, as per 
 
 tariff rating. 
 
3t 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Carpet Warehousemen (shops) 
 
 Carriers' Warehouses, 30 miles 
 radius from Manchester 
 
 Cart Arms Manufactories 
 
 Cartridge M'factories (uninsurable) 
 
 Cartridge Case M'factories (metal 
 no filling) 
 
 Cartridge Implement Makers 
 
 Carvers and Gilders fif working in] 
 wood) J 
 
 Carvers and Gilders (if composi- 
 tion only) 
 
 Carvers (wood) 
 
 Casting Pot Manufactories 
 
 Castor and Castor Top M'factories 
 
 Catgut Manufactories , 
 
 Cattle Food Manufactories (no oil 
 pressing) 
 
 Cattle Food Manufactories (if oil 
 pressing) - , - 
 
 Cement Manufactories 
 
 Chain Manufactories 
 
 Chair and Sofa Manufactories 
 
 Chair Webbing Manufactories 
 
 Chandelier Manufactories 
 Chandlers' Shops (small ordinary,] 
 not tallow chandlers solely) J 
 Charcoal Manufactories 
 
 Class op Eisk. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., Sale Shops, as Uphol- 
 sterers. 
 
 Warehouses, Manchester. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. • *' 
 
 Sundry Special Kisks. 
 
 Engineers, &c. . , 
 
 Engineers, &c. ' 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Sundry Special Kisks. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Potteries, &c. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Sundry Special Eisks. . 
 
 Sundry Special Eisks. 
 
 Oil Mills, &c. 
 
 Potteries, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Smallware Manufacturers, if not a mill, 
 
 tariff risk. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Grocers, &c. 
 
 Sundry Special Eisks. 
 
Teadb, &c. 
 
 Class of Risk. 
 
 Chasers (silver, (fee.) 
 
 Cheese Factors' Warehouses 
 
 Cheese Manufactories 
 
 Cheesemongers' Shops 
 
 Chemists (analytical) ,^ , 
 
 Chemists (manufacturing) 
 
 Chemists and Druggists, no 
 Laboratories 
 
 Chemists and Druggists, withj 
 Laboratories i 
 
 Chenille Manufactories * ' " 
 
 Chicory Manufactories 
 
 Chimney Pot Manufactories 
 
 China Clay Manufactories (wash- 
 ing, dressing, &c.) 
 
 China, Glass, and Earthenware 
 Dealers 
 
 China Manufactories 
 
 Chip Box Makers 
 
 Chocolate and Cocoa Manufactories 
 
 Church Furniture Manufactories 
 (metal) 
 
 Cigar Manufactories 
 
 Cigar Merchants' Shops 
 
 Cistern Manufactories (slate) 
 
 Clasp Manufactories (metal) 
 
 Cloaking Manufactories 
 
 Clear Starchers 
 
 Clock, &c.. Dial Manufactories 
 
 Clock Case Manufactories 
 
 ' 'i 
 
 Jewellers, &c. 
 Warehouses. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. - • , . , 
 
 Grocers, &c. ... 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. ^ , ... . 
 
 Chemical, &c.. Manufacturers. 
 Druggists, &c., if Oils kept, Oil and Colour 
 men. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. '' ''' ' 
 
 ' ' . .' .t ■■ . ■ I. 
 
 Smallware Manufacturers, &c, ■■; 
 
 ' I .- ■ ■■■■ . 
 
 Oilmen's Store Manufacturers, &c. ^ 
 Potteries, &c. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 iJ^.v 
 
 China, &c.. Dealers, or Warehouse, if 
 
 wholesale only. 
 Potteries, &c. , , ;; , .1 -. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. , ; 
 
 Oilmen's Store Manufacturers^. ;, , ; „., . 
 
 Engineers, &c. ■ ■ " 
 
 Tobacco, &c., Manufacturers. 
 Tobacconists, &c. .., , 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per risk. 
 Woollen Mills, or as per risk. ^..^ ,- 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. _.^ .■_. . ,1 ,, ., 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. ... ^ ,. ... ., .,.. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. ,. ;, ,,. 5/ .-.,..« , 
 
89 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Clog and Patten Makers, if work- 
 ing in wood 
 Clog and Patten Dealers only 
 Clog Iron Makers 
 
 Cloth Dressers and Finishers 
 
 Cloth Kemnant Dealers •-■' 
 
 Clothes Cleaners 
 
 Clothiers, Wholesale • ■' ■■' •- 
 
 Clothiers, Ketail ^ ' " 
 Clubhouses 
 
 Coach and Carriage Builders 
 Coach & Carriage Handle M'facts 
 Coach & Harness Furniture M'facts 
 Coach Harness Japanners 
 Coach Lace, Upholstery, and] 
 Trimming Manufactories J 
 
 Coach Painters (no wood working) 
 Coach Smiths (no wood working) 
 
 Coach Spring and Axle Makers 
 Coach Trimmers (no wood working) 
 Coach Ironwork Manufactories 
 
 Coal and Coke Dealers 
 Coburg Manufactories 
 Cock Founders 
 Cocoa Manufactories 
 
 Class of Ri^it. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. . - . . , 
 
 Bootmakers, &C. - '■::'..: U -v:;:; ;, 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or if on large Scale, 
 Engineers, (fee. 
 
 Cloth Dressers, &c., if not part of Mill tariff 
 risk. ' . - • 
 
 Drapers, &c. "). - v - ; ' :. 
 
 Drapers, &c. " ' ■• ^ 
 
 Warehouses, if Manufacturers post to Small- 
 ware Manufacturers. 
 
 Drapers, &c. - ^ ' ' 
 
 Hotels, &c. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. ■' 
 
 Engineers, &c. - 
 
 Tanners, (fee. • • ■ ' ■ 
 
 Small ware Manufacturers. \ 
 
 Painters, (fee. ' " 
 
 Blacksmiths, <&c.. Or if Oh large scale. 
 
 Engineers, (fee. 
 Engineers, (fee. 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 Blacksmiths, (fee, or Engineers, (fee., if on 
 
 large scale. 
 Stables, (fee, or as per major risk. 
 Worsted Mills, or v. risk. 
 Engineers, (fee. 
 Oilmen's Store Manufacturers. 
 
40 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class of Risk. 
 
 Cocoa Nut Fibre Manufactories 
 Coffee Merchants' Warehouses 
 Coffee Dealers' Shops 
 Coffee Roasters 
 Coffee Roaster Manufactories 
 Coffee Rooms or Coffeehouses 
 Coffin Makers (wood) 
 Coffin Makers (metaUic) 
 Coffin Furniture Manufactories 
 Coffin Furniture Dealers 
 Coffin Handle Makers 
 Coke Burners (uninsurable) 
 
 Colour Grinders and Manufactories 
 Collar Makers (paper) 
 Collar Makers (linen) large premises 
 Colleges 
 
 Comb Makers (shell, horn, &c.) 
 Comb Makers (steel for wool] 
 combing, painters, &c.) I 
 
 Comb Pin Manufactories 
 
 l\{ >i:..:i 
 
 
 Composition (boiler) Manufactories 
 
 Condensed Milk Manufactories 
 Confectioners & Pastry Cooks (no 
 
 confectionery made) 
 Confectionery Manufactories 
 Convents . 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Warehouses. 
 
 Grocers, &c. 
 
 Coffee Roasters. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Coffeehouses, &c. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Ironmongers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Sundry Special, or Railways, &c. (if on 
 
 Colliery), being insurances on Buildings 
 
 in risk of, or near Ovens. 
 Colour and Varnish Manufacturers. ) 
 
 Papier Mache, &c., Manufacturers, v 
 
 Smallware Manufacturers. 
 
 Hospitals, &C. ^ J ..vj;-,l ijH • > 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or if on large scale, 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or if on large scale. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Sundry Special Risks, or otherwise as per 
 
 major portion of it. 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Bread Bakers, &c., or Grocers, as per Oven. 
 
 Confectionery Manufacturers. . . 
 
 Hospitals, &c. ,-..,', 
 
ii 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class of Risk. 
 
 Cooking Apparatus Makers 
 Coopers .-v.^,,-. ! •■ ^^ 
 
 Co-operative Stores 
 Copper Merchants' Warehouses 
 Copper Smelters and Workers 
 Copperas Manufactories ■.- 
 
 Copper Plate Printers . m !i 
 Copper Nail, Eoller, Wire, or Eivetj 
 Manufactories ^ :. ,- : J 
 
 Copying Press Manufactories 
 Cord (woollen) Manufactories 
 Cordial Manufactories », j^ 
 Cork Cutters and Manufactories 
 Cork Leg Manufactories 
 Cork Sock Makers 
 Corkscrew Manufactories 
 
 Corn Exchanges • . . • 
 
 Corn and Flour Dealers' Shopsj 
 (no ovens) ) 
 
 Corn Factors and Merchants' (kiln 
 for drying included, Ireland) 
 Warehouses ., 
 
 Corn Mills and Granaries con- 
 nected therewith 
 
 Cornice Pole Makers (wood) 
 
 Cotton Breakers • , 
 
 Cotton Band Makers 
 
 Cotton and Rush Wick M'factories 
 
 Engineers, &c. > : . ,:, 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. ; 
 
 Grocers, &c., or Drapers, &c., as per Stock. 
 
 Warehouses. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Chemical, &^, Manufacturers. 
 
 Printers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Smallware M'facts, or per tariff rate under. 
 
 Oilmen's Stqje Manufacturers. 
 
 Cork Cutters. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Cork Cutters, or as per leading nature of risk. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, if on large 
 
 scale. 
 Hospitals, &c. 
 
 Grocers, &c. 
 
 Warehouses. 
 
 Corn Mills. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Cotton Mills, V. policy or tariff. 
 Cotton Mills, V. policy or tariff. 
 Smallware Manufacturers, if not under 
 Cotton Mill tariff . 
 
42 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class of Kisk. 
 
 Cotton or other M'dize whilst in^ 
 transit from Warehouse to Ware- 
 . house, &c., in Liverpool 
 Cotton Doublers 
 
 Cotton M'facturers and Spinners 
 
 Cotton Warp Sizers 
 Cotton Waste Dealers 
 
 Courts of Justice, &c. . r - • i •: ' i . 
 Coverlet Manufactories : * 
 
 Crane Manufactories 
 
 Crate Manufactories 
 
 Creosote Manufactories (uninsur- 
 able ?) or Creosoting Works 
 
 Cricket Bat, Ball, & Stump Makers 
 
 Cricket Bat, Ball, and Stump 
 Dealers only 
 
 Cricketing Outfitters 
 
 Crinoline Skirt Manufactories 
 Crinoline Steel Manufactories, no 
 
 covering done 
 Cricket Shoe Spike Makers 
 
 Crimping and Goffering Machine) 
 Manufactories . '..^vwii...' J 
 Croquet Manufactories i-i - 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. - rj-s-.-j^ 
 
 Sundiy Special Risks, if not otherwise 
 under Cotton Mill tariff .^ . . 
 
 Cotton Mills, V. 1 or 2, as per situation of 
 Blowing Room. 
 
 Calenders, &c.,if not part of a Cotton Mill risk 
 
 Warehouses, if not ordinary Marine Store 
 Dealers, V. policy. ■.■■■■ '-- 'v . . ' 
 
 Hospitals, &c. ■ . . • ' " '■■ '■•' ' 
 
 Cotton Mills, Hand Ijoom Weavers or Small- 
 ware Manufacturers, v. tariff and policy. 
 
 Engineers, &c. < t . 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. * »■ < .; -i , .' . 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. > ^u^^n^i > ^-i ;! ol • 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Drapers, &c., or otherwise, as per leading 
 
 trade. i» ir'-r.-ui ^.: *>,* 
 
 Smallware Manufacturers 
 
 Engineers, &c. , . 
 
 rl'i ';>i .':;'• ■ . ,.;f 
 
 Engineers or Blacksmiths, &c., as per size 
 of premises. ' • > w*, r,j^'. wi.-.u'^ * 
 
 Engineers, &c. , . . , ^_ ,. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
Trade, &g. 
 
 Cruet Frame Manufactories 
 Curiosity Dealers - r- . 
 
 
 Curled Hair Manufactories * 
 Curriers and Leathersellers, if| 
 
 • Currying done ) 
 Curriers and Leathersellers, if no 
 
 Currying done 
 Curtain Hook and Ring M'factoriesj 
 
 (metal) J 
 
 Curtain Ring M'factories (wood) 
 Cutlery and Tool Manufactories 
 
 Cutlery and Tool Dealers (wholesale) 
 
 only) . , ,-. . > j 
 
 Cutlery and Tool Dealers (retail) 
 
 • shops) ' •' ;. -• .•-• • I 
 Cutlery Case M'factories (wood) 
 Dagger Sheath Manufactories 
 Dairymen and Cowkeepers 
 Damask Manufactories « ■ i 
 
 Dentists -^ "-■•' -' • ^ ^ 
 
 Designers 
 
 Desk and Dressing Case M'factories 
 Die Sinkers and Forgers ^ > » 
 
 Dining Rooms 
 
 jr-"-, 
 
 Class of Risk. 
 
 Engineers, &c. . .. 
 
 Tobacconists, &c., or Cabinet Makers, &c., 
 
 " S.S." V. nature of stock. - 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. ^ . ■ ; " 
 
 Tanners, &c. - - - 
 
 Bootmakers, &c. ,. - . - .■ . 
 
 ■■:i7, ■ f., r - ^ , ~ '■-■ , ' , I ' 
 
 Engineers, &c. ..,. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or if large premises. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Warehouses. 
 
 Ironmongers, &c. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Vide policy as to leading trade or materials, 
 Stables, &c., or Grocers, &c., as per risk. 
 Worsted Mills, or Flax Mills, as per material 
 
 or risk. 
 Dwelling-houses, or jewellers, &c., if 
 
 mechanical. 
 Counting-houses or otherwise, as per hazard 
 
 of building. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. ' - 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 size of risk or premises. 
 Coffeehouses, &c. 
 
44 
 
 Tkade, &c. 
 
 Class of Risk. 
 
 Distilleries 
 
 Dish cover Manufactories (metal, 
 
 tinplate or wire) ,.. 
 Dog Collar Manufactories ,i 
 
 Doll Makers 
 
 Door Furniture Manufactories 
 Door Handle Manufactories 
 Door Plate Manufactories and| 
 Engravers ■' 
 
 Drain Pipe Manufactories 
 Drapers, wholesale only (no shop) 
 Drapers (retail shops) 
 Drawing Instrument Manufactories 
 
 Dressing Case Instrument Manu- 
 factories (cutlery) 
 Drug Grinders 
 Druggists (retail) 
 
 Druggists (wholesale no shop) 
 Druggists' Sundry men 
 Drysalters' (no manufactory) Ware- 
 houses 
 Dyers (leather) 
 Dyers (textile fabrics) 
 
 Dye Manufactories f , • ^- 
 
 Distilleries. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 size of risk. 
 Engineers, &c., or otherwise, as per material 
 
 or risk. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., (wood) or otherwise as 
 
 per material or risk. ., , ,- ., , . . 
 Engineers, &c. •-i. 
 
 Engineers, &c. '-ti^^-i,,..:. * 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Potteries, &c. v..-.'. 'r v-- , 
 
 Warehouses. 
 
 Drapers, &c. '•■'' ,• ♦ s - 
 
 Jewellers, &c., as Opticans, &c., or 
 
 Engineers, &c., v. risk. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 size of risk. i, - m.. . ,^ : ,.. .. . - 
 
 Drug Grinders, &c. 
 Druggists, but if Mineral Oils kept, Oil and 
 
 Colourmen. . .. . ,^ , >--, 
 
 Warehouses. 
 China, &c., Dealers, or otherwise v. stock kept. 
 
 Warehouses. 
 
 Tanners, &c. 
 
 Bleachers, Dyers, &c., including Floating 
 
 over various Works. 
 Drug Grinders, &c., or Chemical, &c., 
 
 Manufacturers, as per risk. 
 
Teade, &c. 
 
 Class of Kisk. 
 
 Dyewood Cutters and Dyeware 
 
 Grinders 
 Earring Manufactories (gold & gilt) 
 Earring Manufactories (jet or 
 
 imitation jet, &c.) ' 
 
 Earth Boring Apparatus Makers 
 Earthenware Manufactories 
 Eating-houses 
 
 Ebontine or Ebonite Manufactories 
 Edge Tool Manufactories 
 
 Egg Merchants and Dealers 
 Elastic Thread, Bandage or Web) 
 Manufactories ' 
 
 Electro Plated Goods Manufactories 
 Electrical Apparatus . . ■ - 
 
 Electrotypers, Platers, and Gilders 
 Embossing Press Manufactories 
 Embroiderers 
 Embroidering Works 
 Emery Grinders 
 Emery Wheel Makers 
 Enamellers (jewel) '- 
 
 Enamellers (iron, &c., ware) 
 
 Engineers (mechanical) 
 Engineers (civil, counting-houses) 
 Engineers' Tool Makers > / 
 
 Drug Grinders, &c. . 
 
 Jewellers, &c. , > 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. ' - 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Potteries, &c. - . 
 
 Coffee-houses, &c. , ' 
 
 India Rubber, &c.. Manufacturers. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 size of risk. , 
 
 Warehouses (wholesale) Grocers, &c. (retail), 
 
 Smallware Manufacturers. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Jewellers, &c., as Opticians or Engineers, 
 &c., V. extent of premises. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Drapers, &c., if shop. 
 
 Smallware Manufacturers, &c. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Vide full information. 
 
 Jewellers, &c. - ,.. 
 
 Potteries, &c., v. material, or fuller informa- 
 tion in Policy. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Counting-houses, or per risk. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 size, 
 
46 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class of Eisk. 
 
 Engravers to Calico Printers 
 Engravers, Metal (no printing) 
 Engravers, Stone (lapidaries) 
 Engravers, Wood ■ ; 
 
 Exhibitions (public) 
 
 Engine Turners (rose) 
 Envelope Makers -■" 
 
 Eye Glass Makers '■'■ .^ =^ • 
 Eyelet Manufactories - • 
 Esparto, stacked in open air 
 
 Esparto, under cover (sheds or 
 
 warehouses) 
 Fancy Eepositories "^■ 
 
 Farina Manufactories 
 
 Farriers' Forges 
 
 Feather Merchants • - vj 
 
 Feather Workers, Cleaners, 
 
 Dressers, and Dyers 
 Fellmongers • 
 
 Felted Cloth Manufactories, and 
 
 Felt Manufactories 
 Felt Hat Manufactories 
 Fender Manufactories • ' ' ' 
 
 Fent Dealers ^ i-. .*.'?i-f' i 
 
 Ferrule Manufactories -^•■■h-- .-■■ 
 Fibre M'factories (China grass, &c.) 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. > ....■..' . 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 Jewellers, &c. . - '.wM 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. v i 
 
 Music Halls, or Hospitals, &c., v. nature of 
 
 contents. 
 Jewellers, &c. -■'•■■u ■. -> .. :.,,,,!•;! 
 
 Printers^ &c. >-. > ^"hj ■•,'.•''<. s'l 
 
 Jewellers, &c. ^i-, >•; < i. u;? /iit'i 
 
 Engineers, &c. !* .'. i 'I .^iivf 
 
 Sundry Special Risks, (Paper Mills, if in risk 
 
 thereof). . - - ■ . .^. > : . . . - .. 
 
 Warehouses or Paper Mills, if in risk thereof. 
 
 Tobacconists, &c. i i ■ i 
 
 Oilmen's Store Manufacturers, or otherwis<^, 
 say Corn Mills, if Dry Grinding. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c. .-•.■-.(.,.-'..?. 
 
 Warehouses (no process). - ' *-''•■• "'MlI 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 '\-A. 
 
 Tanners, &c. • ?; ■ : : » 
 
 Flax Mills, if Flax used; Sundry Special 
 
 Risks, or otherwise. , " • i- ;• - 
 
 Hat Manufacturers. }','>,"/' • » j 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per 
 
 extent of risk. ' ■ - ^ ' 
 
 Drapers, &c. > m 4 - ^ •.:■ i 
 
 Engineers, &c. :^'' i»" -'^ -^ ' . 
 
 Flax Mills, or otherwise, asper nature of risk- 
 
^ 
 
 Tbade, &c. 
 
 Class of Risk. 
 
 File Cutters and Manufacturers 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., 
 
 as per 
 
 -.„;.... .. -. 
 
 extent of risk. : -,; 
 
 1 ■ ■ 
 
 Filter Manufactories • ' ■ - • ' "' 
 
 Potteries, &c., or as per material, &c 
 
 , used. 
 
 Fire Bar Manufactories 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 
 Fire Bucket Manufactories (leather) 
 
 Bootmakers, &c. 
 
 ,::." 
 
 Fire Engine Manufactories 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 
 Fire Guard Manufactories 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., 
 
 as per 
 
 .-. ,.- ,,. •• ■'■ ■ 
 
 extent of risk. 
 
 
 Fire Iron Manufactories 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c.. 
 
 as per 
 
 «.,. .,. ... M.<.' 1 •'■■ 
 
 extent of risk. 
 
 
 Fire Iron Pan Manufactories 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., 
 extent of risk. 
 
 as per 
 
 Fireproof Safe Manufactories 
 
 Engineers, &c. . ' . 
 
 
 Firework Manufactories (uninsur-j 
 able) 1 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 • ." 
 
 Fire Lighter Manufactories / , 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. . - . : ' ; ' 
 
 
 Fire Wood Dealers . •• .1 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., if splitting. 
 
 . - 
 
 Fire Wood Dealers ' ' ■ 
 
 Timber Yards, if simply stored. 
 
 
 Fish Curers 
 
 Bacon, &c., Curers, 
 
 - . -■ 
 
 Fish Hook Manufactories 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as ] 
 of premises. 
 
 per size 
 
 Fishing Net Manufactories ■ 
 
 Roperies, &c., if not under Flax Mill tariff. 
 
 Fishing Tackle Manufactories 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., if wood working 
 wise V. leading nature of risk. 
 
 ; other- 
 
 Fishing Tackle Dealers .. , 
 
 Tobacconists, (fee. '. .'. ' 
 
 : - 
 
 Fishmongers 
 
 Grocers, &c. 
 
 
 Fish Sauce Manufactories .-:: 
 
 Oilmen's Store Manufacturers. 
 
 
 Flattening Mill Makers - ■ ■ 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 -1. 
 
 Flavine Manufactories . '^.' ••' 
 
 Bvng Grinders, &c. 
 
 
 Flax Spinners and Manufacturers 
 
 Flax Mills, &c. 
 
 
48 
 
 Tkade, &c. 
 
 Class of Kisk. 
 
 Flax Dealers 
 
 Flax Scutchers ..h. - 
 
 Flax Stacks 
 
 Flint Grinders . / 
 
 Flock Manufactories 
 
 Flock Merchants and Dealers 
 
 Floor Cloth Manufactories 
 Flushing Manufactories i , 
 Fluters ;-: 
 
 Fog Signal M'factories (machine) 
 Fog Signal M 'factories (detonating) 
 Forge (portable) Manufactories 
 Forging Machine Manufactories 
 Forgers , ,. , * 
 
 Foreign & Fancy Goods Importers 
 Foreign & Fancy Goods Importers 
 Fork Makers (steel) 
 
 ',.'■■• . 
 French Polishers ..-I 
 
 Fringe Manufactories 
 Frying Pan Manufactories 
 Fruit Merchants (wholesale) 
 Fruiterers and Greengrocers 
 Fulling Millers 
 
 Warehouses. i,-. 
 
 Flax Scutching Mills. 
 
 Farming Stock, or Sundry Special Eisks, v. 
 
 situation. . i 
 
 Potteries, &c., or Sundry Special Eisks, v. 
 
 nature or connection with works. > 
 Sundry Special Eisks. i ■. ,:"'.'!'' 
 
 Warehouses or Cabinet MakerS; *' S.S.," vide 
 
 risk. f »ii.^u:.j;r - i ; •= 
 
 Floor or Oil Cloth Manufacturers. 
 Woollen Mills. .. :. -: • .- . : > ■/ 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Sundry Special Eisks (uninsurable ?) 
 Engineers, &c. v i i. 
 
 Engineers, &c. r.'.--M ;-..• . ;. ..•'■:' 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, v. size or 
 
 extent of risk. - > wr , <. - 
 
 Warehouses (wholesale, no shop). • j »(' ' 
 Tobacconist, &c. (retail) j; 'i t .'■ 
 
 Blacksmiths, tfcc, or Engineers, v. size or 
 
 extent of risk. > < ixs '^ .it 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., " S.S." 
 Smallware Manufacturers. 
 Engineers, &c. r ■ • x • 
 
 Warehouses. , ;-.,„.^i 
 
 Grocers, &c. 
 Cloth Dressers, &c., if not under Woollen 
 
 Mill tariff, or connected with Woollen 
 
 Mill risks. 
 
49 
 
 Tbade, &c. 
 
 Fur and Skin Dressers and Dyers 
 Furniture Brokers and Dealers 
 Furniture Painters •" • •- • 
 Furniture Polish Makers ^ ' 
 Furriers (dealers only) 
 Fustian Cutters 
 Fustian Manufactories 
 
 Galvanizers •;.'' " ■■ ■'' 
 
 Game Bas Makers . .:rk.' ;. 
 
 Class op Risk. 
 
 Game Dealers 
 Gannister Grinders 
 
 Garden Engine Manufactories 
 Garden Tool Manufactories 
 
 • . . .; •'. i 
 
 Garden Seat Makers (iron) ' 
 Garden Seat Makers (wood) . • 
 Gas Apparatus Makers 
 Gas Burner Manufactories 
 Gas Block Makers (wood) 
 Gas Hook Makers 
 
 Gas Fitters . .. ., . .. 
 
 Gas Fitting Manufactories : ; ; 
 Gas Holder Manufactories 
 Gas Light Companies 
 
 Gas Meter Manufactories -j;'- , 
 
 Tanners, &c. , .: -i : ' .. ' 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., '' S.S." 
 Painters, &c. :• :- '.1^; i .'v 
 
 Oilmen's Store Manufacturers 
 Draj)ers, &c., or Tobacconists, v. leading trade 
 Fustian Cutters : . i , > 
 
 Handloom Weavers, Cotton Mills, or other- 
 wise, V. tariff or risk. , 
 Engineers, &c. .: , 
 
 Bootmakers, &c., or otherwise, as per mate- 
 rial or risk. ; 
 Grocers, &c. 
 Sundry Special Risks (material used for fire 
 
 bricks, lining furnaces, &c.) 
 Engineers, &c. - . : 
 Engineers, &c., or Blacksmiths, &c., v. 
 
 extent of risk. 
 Engineers, &c. - :,; 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. > 
 
 Engineers, &c. • . ' j 
 
 Engineers, &c. ■>'€- -■■utO 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. . •■ :-^'>hi'\' .-^ :>■■■■<. o 
 Engineers, &c., or Blacksmiths, v. extent of 
 
 risk. . ' -s 
 
 Painters, &c. (same as Plumbers). tJ 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. '.'. '-.'. •.' 
 
 Gas Works or otherwise, as per nature of 
 
 risk. , ;. .; 
 
 Engineers, &c. ;c. . . ' 
 
m 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class op Eisk. 
 
 General Dealers (shops not morcj 
 particularly specified ) 
 
 Gauge Makers (steam) 
 
 Gauge Glass Manufactories 
 German Silver Casters, Founders | 
 ' and Manufacturers J 
 
 Gilt Jewellery & Gilt Toy M'facts 
 Gimlet Manufactories 
 
 Gimp and Silk Cord Manufactories 
 Glass Cutters and Grinders, no| 
 Glass Making ) 
 
 Glass Manufactories ; 
 
 Glass, Emery & Sandpaper M'facts 
 Glass Merchants (wholesale) 
 Glass Merchants (retail shops) 
 Glass Engravers 
 Glass Gilders • ; 
 
 Glass Painters 
 Glass Stainers 
 
 Glucose M'facts (for Brewers' use) 
 Glove Manufactories (leather) 
 Glove Manufactories (cloth & thread) 
 Glue Manufactories 
 
 Gold Beaters 
 
 Gold, &c., Chain Manufactories 
 Gold and Silver Lace Manufactories 
 Gold and Silver Smelters 
 
 Tobacconists, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c., or Jewellers, &c., as 
 
 Opticians, v. nature or extent of works. 
 Potteries, &c. . . ; . . 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Jewellers, &c. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., v. 
 
 extent of works. r, „ , ^ 
 
 Smallware Manufacturers. 
 
 Special Sundry Risks. 
 
 Potteries, &c. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Warehouses. * 
 
 China, &c., Dealers. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Painters, &c. 
 
 Potteries, &c. * 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Tanners, &c. 
 
 Smallware Manufacturers. 
 
 Tanners, &c., or Sundry Special Risks, as 
 
 per leading risk. 
 Sundry Special Risks. : . ^ 
 
 Jewellers, &c. , -< > .... 
 
 Smallware Manufacturers. 
 Sundry Special Risks. ■ •* ' '^ ' 
 
u 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Gold Size Makers • • ■ - ^ - 
 Goldsmiths, &c. 
 Graining Comb Makers 
 
 Grease Manufactories 
 Greengrocers • "-^ 
 Grindery Dealers (no currying) 
 Grindstone Manufactories 
 Grocers (wholesale only) 
 Grocers and Tea Dealers 
 Grocers and Spirit Dealers 
 Grocers' Fittings Dealers 
 Gum Manufactories 
 Gunmakers 
 
 Gun Implement Manufactories 
 
 Gun Stockers 
 
 Gun Case Makers (wood) 
 
 Gun Wadding Manufactories 
 
 Gun Powder Manufactories 
 
 Gutta Percha Manufactories 
 
 Gutta Percha Dealers (shops) 
 
 Haberdashers 
 
 Hackle and Gill Manufactories 
 
 Hair Dressers and Perfumers 
 
 Hair Seating Manufactories 
 
 Hair Pin Manufactories 
 
 Hair Workers (device) 
 
 Class of Eisk. 
 
 Sundry Special Eisks. 
 Jewellers, &c. • 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 extent of risk. 
 Oil Mills, &c. 
 
 Grocers, &c. • 
 
 Bootmakers, &c. 
 Sundry Special Eisks. 
 Warehouses. 
 Grocers, &c. 
 Grocers, &c. 
 
 Ironmongers. ' • 
 
 Oilmen's Store Manufacturers. ' 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per 
 
 extent of risk. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per 
 
 extent of risk. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Sundry Special Eisks. 
 (Uninsurable). 
 
 India Eubber, &c., Manufacturers. 
 Tobacconists, &c. 
 Drapers, &c. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Tobacconists, &c. 
 Sundry Special Eisks. 
 Engineers, &c., or if small risk, Blacksmiths, 
 
 &c. 
 Jewellers, &c. 
 
52 
 
 Teade, &c. 
 
 Cl:-S8 of Kisk. 
 
 Hair Net Manufactories 
 Hall Table Makers (iron) 
 Ham and Bacon Curers i. 
 
 Hame Makers . .;• " 
 
 Hammer Manufactories 
 
 Hammer Shaft Makers ; . ; u , 
 Handcuff Makers 
 
 Hardware Dealers 
 Hardware Merchants (wholesale) 
 Hardwood Turners 
 Harmonium Makers • . r ; 
 Harness Forgers -, , , 
 
 Harness Manufactories 
 
 Harness Front and Rosette Makers 
 
 Hat Manufactories (silk and felt) 
 
 Hat Block Makers 
 
 Hat and Umbrella Stand Makers i 
 
 (iron) 
 Hat and Umbrella Stand Makers] 
 
 (wood) 
 Hatters' Shops (no hats made) 
 Hat Box Makers (not leather) 
 Hat Box Makers (leather) , , 
 Hay, Straw, and Corn Dealers 
 Heald and Slay Makers 
 Heald Rug Makers . . 
 
 per 
 
 ■ '1 ' . ,■ 
 per 
 
 per 
 
 Smallware Manufacturers. 
 
 Eng'neers, &c. 
 
 Bacon, &c., Curers. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c.,or Engineers, &c., as 
 
 extent of risk. , , ^. ... ; .., 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as 
 
 extent of risk, •. , . , .^. .; ,-, ,; 
 
 Cabinet Makers , &c . . ; . ' ; ^ : ^ ( , , : . ^ ; , 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as 
 
 extent of premises. . , ,f , ,, » i ,. . » 
 Ironmongers. - ;• ' ■ ' i, 
 
 Warehouses. ? ■ ' < - ' 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. .,..\ . . 
 
 Pianoforte, &c.. Manufacturers. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as 
 
 extent of risk or premis^s. , .,, ■,),.,, 
 Bootmakers, &c. 
 Smallware Manufacturers. 
 Hat Manufacturers. — ..;;,'' . , > 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. .' - 7 ^ i ; .. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 per 
 
 
 
 n 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Hatters " S.S." 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Bootmakers, &c. 
 
 Stables, &c. .• , ,. - , , ^ ., • j 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. ^^- ., ; ,^ . , 
 
d& 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class op Kisk. 
 
 Heald Yarn Manufactories 
 Heraldic Painters ■ 
 
 Herbalists' Shops . • ' ' 
 
 Herring Curers .•"^^"If ';;•-, 
 
 Hide and Leather Factors 
 Homoeopathic Kepositories 
 Hollow Ware Manufactories (iron) 
 Hook and Eye Manufactories 
 Hoop Makers (wood) :.; 'i (. -? 
 Hoop Makers (iron) ,^-\.->.i- •> 
 
 Horse Collar Makers 
 Horsehair, Manufacturers in 
 Horticultural Builders .. ;,. . 
 
 Hose Piping (engine) Manufactories I 
 (leather) . .: ■' 
 
 Hosiers and Glovers' Shops 
 Hospitals, Dispensaries, Homes,) 
 
 • &c. ..V . ■■ ^ . ..-,. ^ 
 Hot Water Apparatus Manufactories 
 Hotels 
 Hot Pressers 
 House Decorators 
 Houses (private dwellings) • ^ ■ 
 Hucksters' Shops 
 
 Hurdle Makers (iron) ■.''' t: ,-'.■- ~ 
 Hurdle Makers (wood) 
 
 Worsted Mills, v. tariff and policy. ' - 
 Painters, &c. . -i", < „.; r ' ■.■ ■ 
 
 Tobacconists, &c. -i.- '!-.:.'>■''/ 
 
 Bacon, &c., Curers. "••'>;;!.'!■ 
 
 Warehouses. ■-:■•': ;' • " ' • ' / ^; 
 Druggists, &c. "^ ^r •* ':• : '-- '-/'i 
 
 Engineers, &c. . r.'^ :? . ',-. . [..•.. .'• j; 
 Engineers, &c. - ■- •■ ."' ' 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. " - • - } ' - " ' , 
 Blacksmiths, &c,, or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 extent of risk. . - ■ ;- "., • 
 
 Bootmakers, &c. ;' . • ..[ 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., when greenhouses, &c., 
 
 in course of erection. Thatched, &c., 
 
 buildings. - . ^ . : ; , • - 
 
 Bootmakers, &c. -i . .' _ 
 
 Drapers, &c. ;■}■, . ~ ■,./:.' ;; ■ 
 
 Hospitals, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Hotels, &c. ■ " ■' ••\ -.- ]-j^' ./, 
 
 Calenders, &c. ^- ' .r ■,--■.. , .\ 
 
 Painters, &c. ' - •• , • , ..; 
 
 Dwellinghouses. 
 
 Grocers, &c., if Mineral Oils kept, Oil and 
 
 Colourmen. : ' • i i - 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
54* 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class op Risk. 
 
 Hydraulic Press & Machine Makers 
 Hydropathic Estabiishmeiits 
 Ice Safe Manufactories ■ ' 
 Ice Manufactories 
 India Eubber and Gutta Percha, 
 
 dealers in articles of 
 India Eubber and Gutta Pereha| 
 
 Manufactories * ' 
 
 Ink Manufactories (writing) 
 Ink Manufactories (printing) 
 Inlaid Work Manufactories (wood 
 
 or in wood) v. . 
 
 Infirmaries . ■;;: . 
 
 Inkstand Makers - ' 
 
 Invalid Carriage Manufactories 
 Iron Braziers 
 
 Iron Bucket Manufactories 
 
 Iron Candlestick Makers 
 
 Iron Casters (see Founders) 
 
 Iron Bedstead Manufactories 
 
 Iron Bridge Manufactories 
 
 Iron Smelters or Iron M'factories 
 
 Iron Founders .-•• - 
 
 Iron Hurdle and Fence M'factories 
 
 Ironmongers 
 
 Engineers, &c. ;..;j> m, ; )i ...(.: 
 
 Hospitals, &c. ■;■:. ■■ i '■ : !' 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Sundry Special Risks. . — 
 
 Tobacconists, &c. 
 
 India Rubber, &c.. Manufacturers. 
 
 Oilmen's Store Manufacturers. ';:•.■.:: 
 Sundry Special Risks. ■ - ,;/ i ^^ 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Hospitals, &c. • • • • "-' 
 Engineers, &c.. Potteries, &c., or Cabinet 
 
 Makers, &c., as per material used. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 extent of risk. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as 
 
 per extent of risk. '^ ■ 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 extent of risk. - ' *' - ' < ' 
 
 Engineers, &g. 
 
 Engineers, &c. -. •■'; 
 
 Engineers, &c. r ? : , - ,. ; 
 
 Engineers, &c. ■ v - ;' 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Ironmongers, if Mineral Oils kept, Oil a»d- 
 Colourmen. i,a.^... . i -.-ns. > ,. 
 
m 
 
 Trade, &o. 
 
 Class of Risk. 
 
 Iron Planers . 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Iron Plate Workers 
 
 Blacksmiths or Engineers, as per relative 
 
 
 extent of risk. 
 
 Iron Roofing Manufactories 
 
 Engineers, &c. : 
 
 Iron Square Manufactories 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per 
 
 
 relative extent of risk. 
 
 Iron Tank Manufactories 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Iron Tube Manufactories 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Iron Wheelbarrow Manufactories 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Iron Wire Manufactories 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Italian Warehousemen (shops) 
 
 Grocers, &c. 
 
 Ivory and Bone Toy Makers 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Ivory and Bone Turners 
 
 Ivory and Bone Turners, if also 
 
 Hardwood or Wood 
 Ivory, Bone, Mother of Pearl and 
 
 Tortoiseshell Workers 
 Japanners (metal) 
 
 Japanners (wood) 
 
 Japanners (leather) 
 
 Jet and Jet Ornament M'factories 
 
 Jewellers 
 
 Jewellers' Stampers 
 
 Jewellery Case Makers 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks, if sole trade, or 
 otherwise to leading feature of risk, say 
 Engiceers, &c., as Tin and Iron Plate 
 Workers. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks, if sole trade, or 
 otherwise to leading feature of risk, say 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Tanners, &c. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Jewellers, &c. 
 
 Jewellers, &e., or v. policy or risk. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks, or Cabinet Makers, 
 &c., V. material or policy. 
 
56 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class of Kisk. 
 
 Jews' Harp Makers 
 
 Job Masters', i. e. Car Proprietors', 
 
 &c., Stables 
 Joiners and Carpenters 
 Joiners' Tool Manufactories 
 Kibbling Mills 
 Label Manufactories (metal) 
 Label Manufactories (paper) 
 Laboratories of Analysts, &c. 
 Lace Manufactories 
 Lace Dressers and Dyers 
 Lacemen (wholesale, no shop) 
 Lacemen (retail) 
 Lacquer Manufactories 
 
 Ladder and Barrow Makers 
 Lamp Manufactories . 
 
 Lamp Glass Cutters (no glass i 
 making) I 
 
 Lamp and Lamp Oil Dealers 
 Lamp Black Makers 
 Lamp Cotton Makers . . \ : 
 
 Lapidaries di,. 
 
 Lard Makers or Refiners 
 
 Last and Boot Tree Manufactories 
 
 Lasting Manufactories 
 
 Lath Renders . jy . 
 
 ■ff il 
 
 1-';. ... .1 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 extent of risk. .....;. , -...,. ;, 
 
 Stables, &c. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. .. ...;..'.- 
 
 Engineers, &c.. No. 2. 
 Stables, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. ,,...,;: 
 
 Printers, &c. . .. ; 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. . jr.' ,;, % 
 Lace Manufacturers. • i i. // • t.; 
 
 Bleachers, &c. ^ .,. * ; ' ^ > i ; 
 Warehouses. i .m. i tj; • > . . 
 
 Drapers, &c. ■•■:v ? ;- ;! 
 
 Colour and Varnish Manufacturers, as 
 
 Varnish Manufacturers. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Engineers, &c., unless small w^orkshops, then 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Oil and Colourmen. !.,("// -t :;.•'. 
 
 (Uninsurable) 
 
 Smallware Manufacturers, if not otherwise 
 
 Cotton Mill tariff. 
 Jewellers, &c. ■ . n • ■.,! 
 
 Oil Mills, &c. .i.'nriT. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. — -^ 
 
 Worsted Mills, or v. tariff. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
Teade, &c., a:-" /.J.:: 
 
 Lathe Manufactories 
 Laundries 
 
 1, ' J i/i — ■ 
 
 Lead Manufactories, or Lead Smelt- 1 
 ing Works ^ 
 
 Lead (white and red) Manufactories 
 Lead Pipe Manufactories 
 Leather Dealers or Cutters, no) 
 Currying , I 
 
 Leather Dressers or Carriers 
 Leather Manufacturers, or 
 
 Tanners, &c. 
 Leather Enamellers or Japanners 
 Leather Cloth Manufactories 
 Leather Case Makers . 
 Leather Goods Manufactories (fancy) 
 Leather Pipe and Bucket Makers 
 Leather Lace Manufactories, (white) 
 Leather Gilders ._. 
 
 Leather Legging Makers ' ,-; ' 
 Leggings Spring Manufactories 
 
 Lemonade, &c.. Manufactories 
 Letter Clip Makers 
 Letter Cutters (metal) * "' ' ~ 
 Letter Cutters (wood) 
 Libraries (Public) ,^ . ■ 
 
 Lifting Jack Makers 
 Lighthouse Apparatus Manufac- 
 tories 
 
 Class ojf Exsk. 
 
 JBngineers, &c. _ . ' . :. 
 
 Sundrj; Special Kisks, or if on extra large 
 scale, Bleachers, &c. ,; . . : , i- 
 
 ' Engineers, &c. 
 
 Chemical, &c.. Manufacturers. iv; : 
 
 Engineers, &c. -. .' 1 • /.J 
 
 Bootmakers, &c. 
 
 Tanners, &c. 
 
 Tanners, &c. 
 
 Tanners, &c. 
 
 Floor or Oil Cloth Manufacturers. ": ; 
 
 Bootmakers, &c. _\* 
 
 Bootmakers, &c. ' i , - ; , r c ' . ': i 
 
 Bootmakers, &c. 
 
 Tanners, &c., or Bootmakers, &c., v. process./ 
 
 Sundry Special Eisks. 
 
 Bootmakers, &c. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per. 
 extent of risk. 
 
 Soda, &c., Water Manufacturers. •; ' ■ 
 Engineers, &c. •;' 
 
 Engineers, &c. ;. l . ;,- - 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. , •.•.•.,..!' 
 
 Hospitals, &c. .^ .:i;*o :; 
 
 Engineers, &c. v: ; . ;" . 
 
 Engineers, &c. ...;. j^'f...:' . .','- 
 
m 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Lightning Conductor Manufactories 
 Lime Burners ' '' ■'" 
 
 Linen Manufacturers and Weavers 
 
 Linen and Cloth Button Manufac- 
 tories :; iii 
 Linen Bleachers 
 
 Linsey Manufactories 
 
 Lint Mills 
 
 Liquorice Manufacturers or Kefiners 
 
 Literary and Scientific Institutions 
 Litharge Manufactories 
 Livery Button Manufactories 
 Livery Stable Keepers 
 Lodging-house Keepers (private) 
 Locksmiths 
 
 -'/■}> . 
 
 Logwood Grinders 
 
 Looking Glass Manufactories (no 
 
 working in- wood) 
 Looking Glass Manufactories (if 
 
 working in wood) 
 Loom Makers (power) ^'^'/i :•' 
 Loom Makers (handloom) 
 Lubricator Makers 
 Lucifer Match Manufactories • - 
 Lunatic Asvlums 
 
 Class op Kisk. i 
 
 Engineers, &c. ■:-"i 
 
 (Uninsurable — kilns). "* 
 
 Flax Mills, or Hand-loom Weavers, v. tariff 
 or description. 
 
 Smallware, &c., Manufacturers. 
 
 Bleachers, &c., or Beetling Mills, if beetling 
 only done. " 
 
 Worsted Mills, or Hand-loom Weavers, v. 
 tariff or description. i 
 
 Flax Mills, V. tariff or description. 
 
 Sundry Special Kisks, or Confectionery 
 Manufacturers, v. process or description 
 
 Hospitals, &c. --• ff 1. '■ j.ji:,.,i 
 
 Chemical, &c., Manufacturers. i'l7i i.1. 
 
 Engineers, &c. ''■' ■ i ' j i' '>•', iT 
 
 Stables, &c. ;.' > ^ -: j 
 
 Dwelling-houses. ' * •^^'' ^ 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 extent of risk. -^ 
 
 Drug, &c.. Grinders. ;.' i: >.;;•.>.! 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 ,7, .^.'Ofl 
 
 U .•■1 I 
 
 Engineers, &c. (i>cn^^; ^v );;. > } r .1 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. ^o^l'i. 'j . r 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 (Uninsurable). aijM . SiyMx*».HA ohi;oir-..i,,uI 
 Hospitals, &c. ai/iiQ^ 
 
59 
 
 Trade, &o. 
 
 Class of Risk. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Lustre Manufactories (no glass) | 
 
 r 
 
 making) i 
 
 Lustre Manufactories (glass made) I Potteries, &c 
 Machine Owners (threshing for 
 
 hire) 
 Machine Owners (drill for hire) 
 Machine Rulers 
 Machine Stitchers • . , .'m ^ . : ' 
 
 !"!• J 5 1'. t< 'iV. 
 
 [I Farm Outbuildings, &c. 
 
 ('.■v^ 
 
 ;^;0..H 
 
 Machine Knife Makers 
 
 Machine Oil Feeder Manufactories 
 
 Machine Plane Makers 
 Machine Spring Manufactories 
 Machine and Mill Strap Makers 
 
 Machine Tool Makers , 
 
 Machinists 
 
 Magnet Makers and Ship Compass 
 
 Needle Makers 
 Magnet Electric Machine Makers 
 
 Mahogany Merchants 
 
 Makers Up and Packers, no Cal- 
 endering or Hot Pressing 
 Malt Crushers ^,, .,,• 
 
 Maltsters 
 
 Farm Outbuildings, &c. 
 
 Printers, &c. , ; 
 
 Drapers, &c., or Smallware Manufacturers, 
 
 as per speciality of risk. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 extent of risk. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c , as per 
 
 extent of risk. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Bootmakers, &c., if no Currying; if Curry- 
 ing to Tanners, &c. 
 Engineers, (fee. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 extent of risk. 
 Engineers, &c., or Jewellers, &c,, as similar 
 
 to Opticians. 
 Timber Yards, Saw Mills, or Cabinet Makers, * 
 
 V. working in wood, in risk thereof, or 
 
 otherwise. 
 Warehouses, or if Calendering or Hot 
 
 Pressing to Calenderers, &c. 
 Brewers, &c. .'..;..- ^ .:;;;.• 11 
 
 Brewers, &c. 
 
60 
 
 Trade, &e. - 
 
 Manchester Warehousemen (whole- 
 sale) 
 
 Manchester Warehousemen (retail 
 shop) 
 
 Mangle Makers 
 
 Class op Eisk. 
 
 .tVJ r ., 
 
 Mantle Makers 
 
 Manufacturing Chemists «> ^ 
 
 Manure Manufactories (artificial) 
 Marine Store Dealers - •■ - ' ^^ ■ 
 Market Halls or Public Markets 
 Marking Ink Makers •- «■ 
 
 Marble and Slate Works •-• ■ 
 Mark Makers (brand) •'-' 
 
 .'0 
 
 Marlin Spike Manufactories 
 
 Mast and Block Makers 
 Mat Manufactories 
 
 
 Mathematical Instrument Makers 
 
 Mattress Makers' Shops ''"'' 7 ■"" 
 Mechanics' Institutions • -'' " •' 
 
 Measuring Chain Makers '- > ■"■'. 
 
 Measuring Tape Case Makers * 
 
 -f - ..J.: J'}^' 
 
 ^F orv;,r„,,7/ 
 
 Warehouses. '^^v ^-^^ i-^"i-.>^-^. Viiiro. 
 Drapers, &c. _ . ' ., ^ . . , , 
 
 - ,;;'j i; • -.- ^ - 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., or Engineers, &c^, v. 
 
 particulars of risk. ••'/' ■■"^- 
 • Drapers, &c. 
 
 Chemical, &c., Manufacturers. 
 Chemical, &c., Manufacturers. 
 Marine Store Dealers. 
 Sundry Special Eisks. 
 
 Sundry Special Eisks, or otherwise, v. lead- 
 ing features. 
 Sundry Special Eisks. ->^*^^^ '^.■^i.-^m^':^i}^J' 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or lingineers, as per 
 
 extent of premises. ■ ^ ■ "-' • • 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per 
 
 extent of premises. ■ • : >:-^' 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. • •^•' -' •''''^ • ' 
 
 Sundry Special Eisks, or Eoperies, &c., v. 
 
 material or process. ■:.:.. >.,...>. 
 Jewellers, &c., as Opticians or Engineers, 
 
 V. extent of risk or leading features. 
 Sundry Special Eisks. '^'-''=^^----- ;— -^-'' -^-^^ 
 Hospitals, &c., or Churches, v. description 
 
 or leading feature. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, ^c, v. 
 
 extent of premises. •- - •*- •-- ;..--■■•"-- 
 Engineers, &c., or otherwise,'- v. -^material 
 
 u&ed, &c. v^r::ii:.L 
 
m 
 
 Trade, &g. 
 
 Medical Botanists re: ' ■ .. 
 Mediaeval Metal Workers - : • 
 Metal Button Makers ^ 
 
 Metal Extracting Works by 
 
 Chemical processes 
 Metal Sheathing Manufactories . 
 Metal Spinners 
 
 Metal Turners ' • , - • 
 
 Metal Workers generally 
 
 Microscope Makers ^•' •- '- - ^' '■< 
 
 Millstone Manufactories ^ ••'■-' :" 
 Mill Makers (coffee, &c.) ■ '■ ^ > 
 Military & Naval Ornament Manu- 
 factories 
 Millwrights ^ v'-' ;>' 'vr: 'to ir ,-.. 
 Mineral Water Manufactories 
 Miners' Tool Makers " • 
 
 Milliners and Dressmakers ' c 
 Modellers in Plaster of Paris or 
 
 Cement 
 Mohair Manufacturers' & Spinners 
 Mop Makers (woollen, no wood 
 i \ working) -J ., -■■ r. ^ , ' 
 Moreen Manufactories 
 Mortar Grinders 
 MoiTlding.Manufactories (wood) 
 Moulding Manufactories (irony ' 
 Municipal Buildings .;. hn:- .•' 
 
 Class of Bisk, 
 
 Tobacconists, &c. : . . . _ : 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. .iha ''■)■: jii^'-l: 
 
 Chemical, &c.. Manufacturers. 
 
 
 y. 
 
 ■-:f? 
 
 Engineers, &(3. - uT •.•r::- 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Engineers, &c. ' " .r'r ■ v :.J '" ^ ji- 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c[, as per 
 material or extent of premises. '-^.\ 
 
 Jewellers, &c., as Opticians, :.- . . -• ^ ' "K 
 Sundry Special Risks. . : . . • '/ \' !> -f^ 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. ' '.^C ?.:-''::_ ^ 
 
 Soda, &c., Water Manufacturers. /.'.... 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 extent of risk. . • ..^ .: _ '.\ . : 
 
 Drapers, &c. '.'.:.. :; / '. . ,. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Worsted Mills. -: '. Y ..r '-^rs-k r.;:; 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 k: '\ 
 
 Worsted Mills. 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Hospitals, &c. 
 
 ■i ■.(••- 
 
 :y 
 
 Tf* 
 
 V i'.Ofi 
 
62 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class op Eisk. 
 
 Mungo Manufactories 
 
 Mungo and Shoddy Warehouses 
 
 Mule Makers 
 
 Music Halls 
 
 Music and Musical Instrument | 
 
 Dealers i 
 
 Musical Instrument String Manu-) 
 
 factories 
 Museums (public) 
 Mustard Manufactories 
 Nail Manufactories 
 
 Nail Bag Manufactories 
 
 Naphtha Manufactories 
 Nautical Instrument Makers 
 Nautical Instrument Dealers 
 Neatsfoot Oil Manufactories 
 Needle Manufactories 
 Net Manufactories 
 
 News Agents and Vendors 
 Newspaper Oftices, printing therein 
 Newspaper OiSices, no printing 
 
 Sundry Special Risks, or Woollen Mills, v. 
 
 description or tariff. 
 Warehouses. r'l^diM .: fv ! :l j]^ 
 
 Engineers, &c. V; vri.i-.. •;!:'' ^r'r}^i[ 
 Music Halls, &c. - r ;. ,, v ^' ) 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., " S.S." "'''"' ^ " •" 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 
 News Rooms (public) 
 Nipper Manufactories 
 
 Noil Spinners 
 
 
 Hospitals, &c. 
 
 Oilmen's Store Manufacturers. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 extent of risk. 
 Roperies, &c., or Flax Mills, v. tariff or 
 
 description. 
 Uninsurable, or otherwise Sundry Special 
 Jewellers, &c., as Opticians. 
 Jewellers, &c., as Opticians. ; [[ 
 
 Oil Mills, &c. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Roperies, &c., or Flax Mills, v. tariff or 
 
 description. 
 Booksellers, &c. ' , . . ; 
 
 Printers, &c. 
 Counting-houses, if nothing more hazardous 
 
 in building. 
 Hospitals, &c. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 extent of risk. 
 Flax Mills, V. tariff. i ; /l C 
 
63 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Glass o^ Kisk. 
 
 Nursery and Seedsmen's Shops 
 
 Grocers, &c. 
 
 ■ . '/ 
 
 Nut Cracker Manufactories \ 
 Nut and Bolt Manufactories [ 
 Nut Pick Manufactories 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c. 
 extent of risk. 
 
 , as per 
 
 ■»■■■- 
 .■ ' • 
 
 Oat Cake Manufactories 
 
 Bread Bakers, &c. ' . 
 
 / .' ;;; 
 
 Oil Manufactories 
 
 Oil Mills, &c. 
 
 
 Oil Eeliners and Seed Crushers 
 
 Oil Mills, &c. 
 
 "' 
 
 Oil Cloth Manufactories . - 
 
 Floor or Oil Cloth Manufacturers. 
 
 
 Oil and Colourmen . ;' 
 
 Oil and Colourmen. 
 
 
 Opera Glass Manufactories 
 
 Jewellers, &c., as Opticians. 
 
 
 Optical Glass Grinders, no glass 
 
 making 
 Opticians 
 
 Orchil and Cudbear Manufactories 
 Ordnance Forging Manufactories 
 Organ Builders - . ■ 
 
 Organ Metal Pipe Manufactories 
 Ostrich Feather Manufactories 
 Outfitters .',.,- ••■^ 
 
 Outfitters (ladies) 
 Oasthouses 
 Packing Case Makers 
 Pail Manufactories (wood) .v^ 
 
 Pail Manufactories (iron) i^ihi 
 
 Paint Manufactories .r- Z 
 
 Painters and House Decorators 
 Paper Bag Makers ..^..^ *j^.i ., 
 Paper Box Makers • . . ■ i jfyni: 
 Paper Collar Makers .' l 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Jewellers, &c. ' 
 
 Drug, &c.. Grinders. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Pianoforte, &c., Manufacturers. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 Drapers, &c. 
 Drapers, &c. 
 
 Farm Outbuildings. - 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. - ■ > 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. '' • '' ''- -'' 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 extent of risk. - >...!» . 
 
 Colour, &c.. Manufacturers^'"--- '- ' . ' ' 
 Painters, &c. >-.*'.; . ■'. ■ " . • ' 
 
 Printers, &c. 
 
 Papier Mache, &c.. Manufacturers. 
 Papier Mach6, &c.. Manufacturers. ► 
 
64 
 
 Trade, &0; _ ,:; 
 
 Class qp! Risk. 
 
 Paper Hangers 
 
 Painters, &c.c. ;v>-J: c ,..;... ■:■',:. ; . 
 
 •. - i rl 
 
 Paper Hanging Dealers 
 
 Painters, &c. ' gok '5:^?i'*T::rj K M-iLv'^n . 
 
 ^'nK 
 
 Paper Hanging Manufactories, or| 
 Paper Stainers ) 
 
 Papier Mache, &c., Manufacturers. 
 
 
 Paper Manufactories fC . . 
 
 Paper Mills. • i'-l/i'. :. 
 
 : h;' * 
 
 Paper Knife Manufactories 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. : •o-'>nUnrJ 
 
 '\ ii'') 
 
 Paper Mould Makers . : 
 
 Papier Mache, &c., Manufacturers. 
 
 , u^t 
 
 Paper Tube Makers .. dlclO 
 
 Papier Mache, &c.. Manufacturers. . '- 
 
 ■ .<A> 
 
 Papier Mache Manufactories 
 
 Papier Mache, &c.. Manufacturers. 
 
 . '\) 
 
 Papier Mache Bedstead M'factories 
 
 Papier Mache, &c.. Manufacturers. .^ . 
 
 ^.:;0 
 
 Paraffine Candle Makers 
 
 Oil Mills, &c. ... c\ ■.■■..:_ . .... I-: 
 
 ;\^-) 
 
 Paraffine Oil Dealers 
 
 Oil and Colourmen. ;..'.•. 
 
 :Xi 
 
 Parchment and Vellum M'factories 
 
 Tanners, &c. '*•■;!* 
 
 '■';■) 
 
 Pasteboard Makers 
 
 Papier Mache, &c.. Manufacturers. K; 
 
 I •.A) 
 
 Patten Makers 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 
 Patten Eing Makers • ,.[£ ./■:, . 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as 
 extent of risk. . . . _„ \. . .: . 
 
 per 
 
 Pattern Makers (wood), distinct 
 
 
 ..:^0 
 
 trade, unconnected with Ma- 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. '''^ ■^■ 
 
 .i)ir> 
 
 chinists, and like 7 
 
 .: _ r'^b.:-!.) ::ij-ti 
 
 a^a'^ 
 
 Pattern Card Makers, for Weaving, ] 
 &C. ../J ... 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 ■ >/>/> 
 
 Pawnbrokers o.; ^: . 
 
 Pawnbrokers . , ' ;. ^ , . ]. ••. : '. 
 
 
 Pearl Cutters and Workers . 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. -:['} s -.. . . .... . 
 
 
 Pencil Manufactories (cedar) 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 
 Pencil Case Makers (gold and silver) 
 
 Jewellers, &c. ' :."'"■ v.* J '' li 
 
 All i. 
 
 Penholder Manufactories 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., or otherwise 
 
 V.' 
 
 ,. 
 
 description and risk. 
 
 .;j. .. 
 
 Perambulator Manufactories 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. '_:„, ,_ :.:.'j - 
 
 . r- r ■ ^' 
 
 I'ercussion Cap Makers, no filling 
 
 Engineers, &c. aioi^Lt" TivsX) 'i 
 
 AfiU 
 
m 
 
 Teade, &c. 
 
 Class of Eisk. 
 
 Perfumers (manufacturers) 
 
 Perfumers (dealers) 
 
 Pewterers 
 
 Philosophical Instrument Makers 
 
 Philosophical Instrument Dealers 
 
 Photographers 
 
 Photographic Apparatus Makers 
 
 Photographic Chemists 
 
 Pianoforte Dealers ' 
 
 Pianoforte Fret Cutters 
 Pianoforte Manufactories 
 Pianoforte Spring Makers 
 Pick Handle Makers ^ 
 
 Picker Manufactories 
 
 Pickle and Sauce Manufactories 
 
 Picture Dealers 
 
 Picture Galleries (public) 
 
 Picture and Looking-glass Frame 
 
 Manufactories ' *' ' ' -•': 
 
 Pin Manufactories 
 
 i v, 
 
 Picture Eod Manufactories 
 Piers or Promenades 
 Pipeclay Manufactories 
 Pipe (Smoking) Manufactories 
 Pill Box Manufactories 
 
 Sundry Special Eisks. 
 
 Tobacconists, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c., or Jewellers, &c., as Opti- 
 cians, V. description or extent of risk. 
 
 Jewellers, &c. 
 
 Photographers. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., or otherwise, as per 
 description and processes. 
 
 Chemical, &c., Manufacturers, or Sundry 
 Special Eisks, as per description. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., " S.S." 
 
 Pianoforte, &c.. Manufacturers. 
 
 Pianoforte, &c.. Manufacturers. 
 
 Pianoforte, &c., Manufacturers. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., or Engineers, &c., v. 
 description. 
 
 Oilmen's Store Manufacturers. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., '' S.S." 
 
 Hospitals, &c. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., or Sundry Special Eisks, 
 V. description as to wood working or 
 otherwise. 
 
 Engineers, &c. _. , . 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Sundry Special Eisks. : , ? . 
 
 Potteries, &c. 
 
 Potteries, &c. 
 
 Papier Mache, &c., Manufacturers, 
 
66 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Pitch and Tar Manufactories 
 Plane Makers 
 
 Plane Iron Manufactories 
 
 Plaster of Paris Manufactories 
 Plaster of Paris Modellers 
 Plate Chest Makers (wood) 
 Plate Glass Manufactories 
 Plumbers and Glaziers 
 Plush Manufacturers 
 
 Pocket Book Manufacturers 
 Pocket Book Lock Manufacturers 
 
 Police Stations, &c. 
 
 Polishing Paste and Plate Powder 
 
 Manufactories 
 Pork Butchers 
 
 ■Potatoe Merchants or Dealers 
 
 Potteries 
 
 Poulterers and Game Dealers 
 Powder Flask Manufacturers 
 Power Loom Makers 
 Power Loom Weavers 
 Printers, Letterpress, Copperplate, | 
 or Lithographic • i 
 
 Class of Risk. 
 
 Uninsurahle,otherwise Sundry Special Risks. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., or Engineers, v. leading 
 
 manufacture. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 extent of risk. 
 Potteries. • ' - • ^ ■ ■ \ 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Potteries, &c. 
 
 Painters, &c. 
 
 Hand-loom Weavers, Worsted Mills, or 
 
 otherwise, v. tariff and description of risk. 
 Printers, &c. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, v. extent of 
 
 risk. 
 Hospitals, &c. 
 
 Oilmen's Store Manufacturers. 
 
 Grocers, &c., or if sausage manufacturing or 
 lard rendering, Bacon, &c., curers, as per 
 description. 
 
 Grocers, &c., or otherwise, as per description 
 where stored. : . > 
 
 Potteries, &c. 
 
 Grocers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Cotton or other Mills, v. description & tariff. 
 
 i-u>v:;;^id^.i! 
 
 Printers, &c. 
 
 v^'Sfb 
 
^7. 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class of Risk. 
 
 Printers, Calico, &c. 
 
 Printers' Engineers or Machine 
 
 Makers 
 Printing Ink Manufactories 
 Printers' Joiners 
 Print Sellers 
 
 Prisons 
 
 Provision Dealers 
 
 Provision Merchants (wholesale) 
 
 Public Houses 
 
 Pulley Block Manufactories (wood) 
 
 Pulley Block Manufactories (iron) 
 
 Pump Manufactories (iron) 
 
 Pump Manufactories (wood) 
 
 Purse Makers (leather) 
 
 Quilt Manufactories 
 
 Quoit Manufactories 
 
 Race Stands, &c. 
 Rag Grinders 
 
 Rag Merchants and Dealers 
 
 Rail Manufactories 
 Railways, risks thereon generally 
 Railway Axle Manufactories 
 Railway Carriage and Waggon bldrs 
 
 Bleachers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Booksellers, &c., or Cabinet Makers, &c., 
 
 " S.S.," as Picture Dealers, v. description. 
 Hospitals, &c. 
 Grocers, &c. 
 Warehouses. 
 Hotels, &c. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Bootmakers, or Printers and Bookbinders, 
 
 as per nature of leading risk. 
 Hand-loom Weavers, or otherwise^ as per 
 
 nature of leading risk or tariff. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 extent of risk. 
 Stables, &c., or otherwise, v. construction. 
 Sundry Special Risks, or Woollen Mills, v. 
 
 description or tariff. 
 Warehouses, or Marine Store Dealers, v. 
 
 description. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Railways, &c. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., No. 2. 
 
68 
 
 Tbade, &c. 
 
 Class of Kisk. 
 
 Railway Carriage and Wagon Spring 1 1 
 Manufactories. 
 
 Eailway Plant Manufactories 
 
 Railway Point and Crossing Manu- 
 factories 
 
 Ratchet Brace Manufactories 
 
 Razor Case Manufactories 
 
 Razor Paste Manufactories 
 
 Razor Strop Manufactories 
 Reading Rooms or News Rooms 
 
 (public) 
 Red Lead Manufactories 
 Reed Rib Makers 
 Refiners (brass) 
 Refiners (gold and silver) 
 Refreshment Rooms 
 
 Refrigerator Manufactories 
 Relief and Colour Stampers 
 Repp Makers (fancy) 
 
 Ribbon Manufactories f" 
 
 Rice Mills 
 
 Retort Makers (iron) 
 Retort Makers (fire clay) 
 Retort Makers (glass) 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. ' ""'' 
 
 Engineers, &c. , 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Papier Mache, &c., Manufacturers or other- 
 wise, as per material and descrip- 
 tion. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks, or v. leading manu- 
 facture. 
 
 Bootmakers, &c. 
 
 Hospitals, &c. 
 
 ' '. V 1 ', 
 
 ■I- ..I' 
 
 Chemical, &c., Manufactiii-^rs. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. '' 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Coffee Houses, &c., or Railways, if on Rail- 
 way Stations. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Printers, &c. 
 
 Handloom Weavers, or Worsted Mills, v. 
 description or tariff. 
 
 Silk Mills or Smallware Manufacturers, v' 
 description or material. 
 
 RiceMHls. ■'■ '■ -J-^'i^^ 
 
 Engineers, fek'"^'-'^ /- .:- -^ . - ,:, 
 
 Potteries, &c. '■'^^^'^^ .- " -- 
 
 Potteries, (fee. ^^^'^^^ • • ^''''' -.-^nErL^ -luru^^" 
 
69 
 
 Teade, &c. 
 
 Class of Risk. 
 
 Eivet Manufactories 
 
 Rockinghorse Makers 
 Roller Coverers 
 Rolling Board Makers 
 Rope and Twine Manufactories 
 Rope and Twine Dealers (shops) 
 Rope and Twine Dealers (ware- 
 houses only) 
 Rule Manufactories (steel) 
 Rule Manufactories (wood & ivory) 
 Rule Joint Manufactories 
 Sacking Manufactories 
 
 Saddle Tree Manufactories 
 Saddlers and Harness M'facturers 
 . (no Saddle Trees made) 
 Saddlers' Ironmongery M'factories 
 
 Sailmakers 
 
 Sail Cloth Manufactories 
 
 Sailors* Palm Makers 
 
 Sailors' Homes 
 
 Salt Manufactories 
 
 Sauce Manufactories 
 
 Saw Grinding Machine Makers 
 
 Saw Handle Makers 
 
 Saw Manufacturers 
 
 , ' ' ■■ ■ i ■ 
 Saw Mills 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 extent of risk. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Roperies, &c. 
 Tobacconists, &c. 
 
 Warehouses, if unconnected with Roperies. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Roperies or Flax Mills, v. description or 
 
 tariff. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Bootmakers, &c. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per 
 
 extent of premises. 
 Ship Chandlers, &c. 
 Flax Mills, V. tariff. 
 Bootmakers, &c. 
 Hospitals, &c. 
 Saltworks. 
 
 Oilmen's Store Manufacturers. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 extent of risk. 
 Saw Mills. 
 
70 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class of Risk. 
 
 Scale Board Cutters 
 Scale Beam Manufactories 
 
 Scale and Weight Manufactories 
 Scarf Manufactories 
 
 Schools (public) 
 Schools, (private boarding) 
 Screw Manufactories (wood) 
 Screw Manufactories (iron) 
 Screw- Stock, Tap, and Die Manu- 
 factories. 
 Scribbling Millers 
 Sculptors 
 
 Scythe Shaft Manufactories 
 Scythe Blade Manufactories 
 
 Seed Crashers 
 Seedsmen's Shops 
 Serge Manufactories 
 Sewing Cotton Manufactories 
 
 Sewing Machine Manufactories 
 Shawl and Shawl Cloth M'factories 
 
 Shawl and Mantle Warehousemen 
 
 Ship Biscuit Bakers 
 Ship Builders (include all risks | 
 within yard) J 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 extent of premises. 
 Jiingmeers, &c. 
 Handloom Weavers, Silk Mills, Woollen 
 
 Mills, &c., V. tariff and description. 
 Churches, &c. 
 Dwelling Houses. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 * -i. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Woollen Mills, v. tariff. ' 
 
 Sundry Special Eisks. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per extent 
 
 of premises. 
 Oil Mills, &c. 
 Grocers, &c. 
 Woollen Mills, v. tariff. 
 Cotton Mills, Smallware Manufacturers, or 
 
 V. tariff and description. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Woollen Mills or otherwise, v. tariff and 
 
 description. 
 Drapers, &c., retail, Warehouses, wholesale, 
 
 no shop. 
 Ship, &c.. Biscuit Mauufacturers. 
 
 Shipbuilding Yards. 
 
71 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class op Risk. 
 
 Ship Cabin Manufactories,! or| 
 Ship Joiners i 
 
 Ship Chandlers 
 Ship Carvers 
 
 Ship Riggers (no working in wood) 
 Ship Smiths 
 
 Ships in Harbour (not in ship 
 
 building yards) 
 Ships in Harbour (in shipbuilding | 
 
 yards) , , i 
 
 Ships' Flag Bunting M'factories 
 
 Ships' Flag Makers 
 Shirt Manufactories 
 Shoddy Manufactories 
 
 . ■' :0i/ 
 
 Shoddy Merchants and Dealers 
 Shoe Rivet Manufactories 
 Shoe Thread Manufactories 
 
 Shoe Heel and Toe-plate M'factories 
 
 Shop Front Builders 
 Shopkeepers, or Shops, non-\ 
 
 hazardous, rated at 2s. per! 
 
 cent., being unoccupied, or 
 
 ! 
 
 trade not specified ' 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. . > • . v ; 
 
 Ship Chandlers, &c. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. , 
 Ship Chandlers, &c. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 extent of premises. 
 
 Ships in Harbour, as per respective ports. 
 
 Shipbuilding Yards. 
 
 Worsted Mills, or Hand-loom Weavers, as 
 per description or tariff. 
 
 Ship Chandlers, &c., or as per descrip- 
 tion. 
 
 Smallware Manufacturers or otherwise, as 
 per description. 
 
 Woollen Mills, or Sundry Special Risks, as 
 per description or tarilBf. 
 
 Warehouses. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Flax Mills or otherwise, as per tariff or 
 description. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per 
 extent of premises. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Grocers, &c. 
 
72 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class of Eisk. 
 
 Shopkeepers, or Shops, accounted 
 hazardous, owing to rate of 
 2s. 6d. or upwards, trade not 
 specified, or various trades in 
 block communicating, other- 
 wise unprovided for in Classi- 
 fication 
 
 Shot and Shell Makers, no filling 
 
 Show Case Makers ,: > •'■ . . ; 
 
 Shovel Makers 
 
 Shuttle Makers (wood) 
 Shuttle Tip and Spring Makers 
 
 Sieve Makers (no working in wood) 
 
 Sieve and Riddle Rim or Ring 
 
 Makers 
 Silk and Silk Velvet Manufactories 
 Silk Mercers 
 Silk Printers 
 
 Silk Spinners and Throwsters 
 Silk Warp Sizers 
 Silver Brushers 
 Silver Buffers 
 Silver Piercers 
 Silver Polishers 
 Silver Rollers 
 Silver Turners 
 Silversmiths' Manufactories 
 
 Shops Hazardous. 
 
 iKi'/'i ■:, ' / .fair'. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 extent of premises, or working in wood. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c,, as per 
 
 relative extent, &c., of risk. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 relative extent, &c., of risk. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Silk Mills. 
 Drapers, &c. 
 Bleachers, &c. 
 Silk Mills. 
 Calenderers, &c. 
 Jewellers, &c. 
 Jewellers, &c. 
 Jewellers, &c. 
 Jewellers, &c. 
 Jewellers, &c. 
 Jewellers, &c. 
 Jewellers, &c. 
 
 ;^;i-f- 
 
 yXi-^iy >:ij U :i ; 
 
 ... jH 
 
73 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class of Risk. 
 
 Silversmiths' Shop 
 Silversmiths' Tool Makers * . 
 
 Singeing Lamp Manufactories 
 
 Size Manufactories 
 
 Sizers 
 
 Skate Manufactories 
 
 Skating Rinks 
 Slipper Manufactories 
 Smallware Dealers •'' 
 
 Smallware Manufactories 
 Smiths, Blacksmiths, or Farriers 
 Snuff Manufactories 
 Snuffers Makers 
 
 Soap Boilers or Manufacturers 
 Soap Ash Manufactories 
 Soap Powder Manufactories 
 Soda Ash Manufactories 
 Soda Water, Lemonade, 
 
 Manufactories 
 Sofa, Couch, and Chair Makers 
 Solder Manufactories 
 Spade and Shovel Shaft Manu 
 
 factories 
 Spade and Shovel Manufactories 
 
 Spanner Makers 
 Spectacle Makers 
 
 &C.,) 
 
 1 
 
 Jewellers, &c. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 relative extent, &c., of risk. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 Calenderers, &c. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c. as per 
 
 extent of risk. 
 Music Halls, &c. 
 Bootmakers, &c. 
 Drapers, &c. 
 
 Smallware Manufacturers. 
 Blacksmiths, &c. 
 Tobacco, &c., Manufacturers. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 relative extent of risk. 
 Oil Mills, &c. 
 
 Chemical, &c., Manufacturers. 
 Chemical, &c.. Manufacturers. 
 Chemical, &c., Manufacturers. 
 
 Soda, &c.. Water Manufacturers. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per 
 
 relative extent, &c., of risk. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Jewellers, &c. 
 
 M 
 
74 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class of Kisk. 
 
 Spectacle Case Makers 
 
 Spectacle Frame Makers 
 Spermaceti Refiners 
 Spindle and Flyer Makers 
 Spirit Fountain Makers 
 Spiral Cutters and Ledger Blad 
 
 Manufacturers 
 Spiral Spring Makers 
 
 Spoon Makers (metal) 
 
 Stampers and Piercers 
 
 S-tarch and Gum Manufactories 
 
 Stair Eod Manufactories 
 
 Stationery Manufactories (not 
 Paper Makers) 
 
 Stationers (no Printing or Book- 
 binding) 
 
 Stationers (Printing or Bookbind 
 ing on premises) 
 
 Stay and Corset Makers (shops) 
 
 Stay and Corset Manufactories! 
 (large) i 
 
 Stay Fastener Manufactories 
 
 Steam Engine Makers 
 
 Steam Engine Boiler Makers 
 
 Steam Engine Boiler Plate Manu- 
 factories 
 
 Steam Press Plate Makers 
 
 Papier Mache, &c., Manufacturers, or other- 
 wise, as per material, &c. 
 
 Jewellers, &c. 
 
 Oil Mills, &c. ■■^., . 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per 
 relative extent, &c., of risk. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per 
 relative extent, &c., of risk. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Oilmen's Store Manufacturers. 
 
 Engineers, &c. . i 
 
 Printers, &c. 
 
 Booksellers, &c. 
 
 Printers, &c. 
 Drapers, &c. ■• 
 
 Smallware Manufacturers. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. . : 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c. ' v.-K :. . .' \.. 
 
rr 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class op Kisk. 
 
 Steam Ship Owners' Premises for\ 
 
 
 
 repairs, &c., Joiners' Shops, 
 Boiler Makers' and Engine 
 
 Engineers, &c.. No. 2. 
 
 
 Fitters' Shops, &c. 
 
 
 
 Stearine Manufactories 
 
 Oil Mills, &c. 
 
 
 Steel Busk Manufactories 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c,, or Engineers, &c 
 relative extent of risk. 
 
 , as per 
 
 Steel Converters and Kefiners 
 
 Engineers, <fec. 
 
 
 Steel Pen Makers 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 
 Steel Kail Manufactories 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 
 Steel Pen Tool Manufactories 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 
 Steel Fitters, Kollers, and Forgers 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 
 Steel Toy Makers 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, 
 relative extent, &c., of risk. 
 
 as per 
 
 Stencillers or Stencil Plate Manu- \ 
 facturers ■' 
 
 Sundry Special Kisks. 
 
 
 Stereotypers (not printing estab-| 
 lishments) '' 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 
 
 
 Stocking Manufactories 
 
 Smallware Manufactories, or Worsted Mills ^ 
 
 
 as per tariff. 
 
 
 Stone, and Marble Masons 
 
 Stables, &c., as Outbuildings, or 
 
 Sundry 
 
 
 Special Kisks, as per steam used, 
 
 &c. 
 
 Stove Grate and Kitchen Kangej 
 Manufactories ) 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 
 
 
 Stovers, Dyers' Stoyers, & Finishers 
 
 Bleachers, &c. 
 
 
 Straw Bonnet & Hat Manufactories 
 
 Straw Hat Manufacturers. 
 
 
 Straw Bonnet Dealers 
 
 Drapers, &c. 
 
 
 Strickle Manufactories 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c. 
 
 , as per 
 
 Stuff Finishers 
 
 Cloth Dressers, &c. 
 
76 
 
 Teade, &c. 
 
 Class of Risk. 
 
 Stuff Manufactories 
 
 Stuff Fancy Manufactories 
 
 Stuff Printers 
 
 Sugar Eefiners 
 Sugar Crusher Manufactories 
 Sugar Mill Manufactories 
 Surgical Instrument Makers 
 
 Surgical Instrument Case Makers 
 Surgical Bandage Manufactories | 
 (Elastic) > 
 
 Sword, &c., Manufactories 
 
 Tailors and Woollen Drapers 
 Tailors' Trimming Sellers 
 Tallow Chandlers (melting) 
 Tallow Chandlers (no melting) 
 Tanners 
 
 Tar and Eosin Distilleries 
 
 Tarpaulin Manufactories 
 Tassel and Fringe Manufactories 
 Tassel Mould Turners 
 Tea Chest or Caddy Manufactories 
 
 Tea Merchants (wholesale) 
 Tea Dealers (shops) 
 
 Worsted Mills, or as per risk or tariff. 
 Worsted Mills, or as per risk or tariff. 
 Cloth Dressers, &c., or Bleachers, &c.,v, 
 
 or description. 
 Sugar Eefineries. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as 
 
 extent, &c., of risk. 
 Bootmakers, &c., or as per material or 
 
 Smallware Manufacturers. :< 
 
 risk 
 
 per 
 
 risk. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 extent, &c., of risk. 
 Drapers, &c. .iv.- • : : ^ < 
 
 Drapers, &c. ' ' - J"' 
 
 Oil Mills, &c. '■ ' 
 
 Oil and Oolourmen, &c. 
 Tanners, &c. (there are 500 tanneries in the 
 
 kingdom, v. newspapers of iveek ending 
 
 April 11th 1871;. 
 (Uninsurable) otherwise Sundry Special 
 
 Eisks. 
 Floor or Oil Cloth Manufacturers. .• ;« : 
 Smallware Manufacturers. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., or otherwise, as per 
 
 material. 
 Warehouses. 
 Grocers, &c. ^;'i'jiUs'.iili 'j'l '- 
 
77 
 
 Teade, &c. 
 
 Class op Risk. 
 
 Tea & Coffee Pot Knob or Handle, 
 Manufactories 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., or as per material used. 
 
 Teazle Growers and Dealers 
 
 Farming Stock or otherwise, as per where 
 
 
 stored. 
 
 Telegraph Wire Makers 
 
 Engineers, &c., or India Rubber, &c.. 
 
 ■' ■ -■". 
 
 Manufacturers, as per process or materials. 
 
 Telescope Manufactories /• 
 
 Jewellers, &c., (Opticians). 
 
 Telescope Dealers 
 
 Jewellers, (fee, (Opticians). 
 
 Teeth Manufactories (mineral) 
 
 Potteries, &c. , ■ 
 
 Temperance Hotels, &c. 
 
 Hotels, &c. Coffeehouses, if of low i,haracter. 
 
 Tent Manufactories • 
 
 Ship Chandlers, &c., as Sailmakers. 
 
 Terra Cotta Manufactories 
 
 Potteries, &c. » " '- 
 
 Theatres 
 
 Theatres. 
 
 Thimble Makers 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 ■ - 
 
 relative extent of risk. 
 
 Thread Manufactories • • . 
 
 Cotton Mills, Flax Mills, or Sundry Special, 
 
 
 or as per tariff rate or description. 
 
 Threshing Machine Owners (for| 
 hire) l 
 
 r 
 
 Farm Outbuildings. 
 
 Ticket Writers • 
 
 Printers, &c. 
 
 Timber Merchants 
 
 Timber Yards, if unconnected with Work- 
 
 
 shops, or Saw Mills, or otherwise to 
 
 
 leading risk. 
 
 Tinfoil Manufactories 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Tinmen, Braziers, and Tin-plate | 
 Workers 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 extent of risk. 
 
 Tinners 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 '• ' ' ' ; 
 
 extent of risk. 
 
 Tobacco Manufactories 
 
 Tobacco, &c., Manufacturers. - 'j 
 
 Tobacco Pipe Makers (clay) . i 
 
 Potteries, &c. - r." 
 
78 
 
 TRADBy &0. 
 
 Tobacconists 
 
 Tobacconists' Goods Dealers 
 Tool Dealers and Tool Broker^ 
 Tool Makers 
 
 Tool Ghest Makers 
 Tool Makers (wood toy) 
 
 Tortiseshell and Pearl Workers 
 
 Tow Spinners 
 
 Toy Dealers 
 
 Toy Makers (wood) 
 
 Toy Makers (metal) 
 
 Tracing Cloth and Paper Makers 
 Travelling Case Makers 
 
 Trimming Manufactories 
 Trimming Sellers 
 Tripe Dressers 
 
 Trunk, Portmanteau, and Packing 
 
 Case Makers 
 Truss Makers, &c. 
 
 Tube Manufactories (metal) • 
 Tue Iron Manufactories 
 Tugs (steam) •^■ 
 
 Turbine Manufactories '.\f t 
 
 Turkish Baths (public) 
 
 Class of Risk. 
 
 Tobacconists. 
 
 Tobacconists. - 
 
 Ironmongers. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 exteiit of risk. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., or otherwise, as per 
 
 material used. 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 Flax Mills, V. tariff. 
 Tobacconists, &c. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per 
 
 relative extent of works. 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 Bootmakers, &c., or otherwise, as per 
 
 materials, &c. 
 Smallware Manufacturers.' ■ 
 Drapers, &c. 
 Grocers, &c., or otherwise, as per speciality 
 
 of risk. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Engineers, &c., or otherwise, as per speciality 
 
 of risk. 
 Engineers, &c. . ■ 'f: 
 
 Engineers, &c. ;t : 
 
 Ships in Harbour, as per respective ports* 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Hospitals, &c. v-^"'* "'" ■ '' 'V'^ '"•'■■ '^ 
 
79 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Turners (wood) 
 
 Turners (ivory) . , ' .,.. > 
 
 Type Founders 
 
 Umbrella -and Parasol (no stick 
 
 making) Manufactories 
 Umbrella Furniture Manufactories 
 
 (no stick making) 
 Umbrella Handle Pressers 
 Umbrella Stick Manufactories 
 Upholsterers 
 Valentine Manufactories 
 Varnish Manufactories 
 Vellum and Parchment Manu- 
 factories 
 Velvet (silk) Manufactories 
 
 Veneer Cutters 
 Ventilator Manufactories 
 
 Vice Manufactories 
 
 Vinegar Brewers and Manufacturers 
 
 Vitriol Manufactories 
 
 Volunteer Corps (drill sheds, store 
 
 houses, &c). 
 Wallasey Ore Wharf, Birkenhead 
 Walking Stick Manufactories 
 Wardrobe Dealers (second-hand 
 
 clothing) 
 Warehousemen (no retail shops 
 
 connected) 
 
 Class of Risk. 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Engineers, (fee. "V " - 
 
 Smallware Manufacturers. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, &c., m per 
 
 extent of risk. 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., " S.S." 
 Printers, &c. 
 Colour, &c.. Manufacturers. 
 
 Tanners, &c. 
 
 Silk Mills, or Hand-loom Weavej:s, v. 
 
 description. 
 Saw Mills. 
 Engineers, &c., or otherwise, v. material or 
 
 leading risk. 
 Engineers, &c. 
 Brewers, &c. 
 
 Chemical, &c.. Manufacturers. 
 Hospitals, &c., or otherwise, as per.xj^niferi^- 
 
 tion of buildings, &c. 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. , 
 
 Drapers, &c. 
 Warehouses. 
 
80 
 
 Trade, &c. ^J ■ 
 
 Class of Eisk. 1' 
 
 Washer Manufactories (iron) 
 
 Blacksmiths, (fee, or Engineers, &c., as per 
 
 
 extent of works, &c. 
 
 Washing Liquor Manufactories 
 
 Chemical, &c., Manufacturers. 
 
 Washing Machine Manufactories 
 
 Engineers, &c., or Cabinet Makers, &c., v. 
 
 
 risk. 
 
 Washing Powder Manufactories 
 
 Chemical, &c.. Manufacturers. 
 
 Watch and Clock Makers 
 
 Jewellers, &c. •' >: ; 
 
 Watch Glass Makers 
 
 Potteries, &c. : ; — 
 
 Watch Material Dealers 
 
 Jewellers, &c. / , , 
 
 Water Gilders ' • 
 
 Sundry Special Kisks. < 
 
 Wax Figure Makers 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. * " ' 
 
 Wax Yesta Manufactories 
 
 Sundry Special Eisks (uninsurable). 
 
 Weighing Machine Makers 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Wheelwrights 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Whip Makers .• 
 
 Bootmakers, &c., or otherwise, as per 
 
 
 speciality of risk. 
 
 Whip Handle Makers 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., as Stick Makers or 
 
 
 otherwise, as per speciality. 
 
 White Lead Manufactories 
 
 Chemical, &c., Manufacturers. 
 
 Whitesmiths, Locksmiths, &c. 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per extent 
 
 
 of works. 
 
 Whiting Manufactories 
 
 Potteries, &c. 
 
 Wick Manufactories 
 
 Smallware Manufacturers, or otherwise, v. 
 
 ' .. , 
 
 description and tariff. 
 
 Window Blind Manufactories, | 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., or otherwise, as per 
 
 Venetian, &c. ) 
 
 speciality of risk. 
 
 Wire Drawers, and Manufacturers 
 
 Engineers, &c. 
 
 Wire Kope Manufactories 
 
 Engineers, &c., or Eoperies, as per speciality 
 
 
 of risk. 
 
 Wood Stainers and Japanners 
 
 Sundry Special Eisks. '" ' 
 
Trade, &o. 
 
 Class op Risk. 
 
 Wool Card Manufactories 
 
 Sundry Special Eisks. 
 
 Wool Comb Makers , ,- 
 
 Sundry Special Risks. 
 
 Wool Combers 
 
 Worsted Mills or otherwise, as per descrip- 
 
 
 tion or tariff. 
 
 Woollen Carders 
 
 Woollen Mills. ' 
 
 Woollen Drapers 
 
 Drapers, &c. 
 
 Woollen Printers 
 
 Bleachers, &c., or Cloth Finishers, &c., as 
 
 
 per speciality of risk. 
 
 Woollen Spinners & Manufacturers 
 
 Woollen Mills. 
 
 Work Box, &c., Makers 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c. 
 
 Worsted Spinners and M'facturers 
 
 Worsted Mills. 
 
 
 In Scotland to Woollen Mills, v. tariff, 
 
 Writers and Grainers 
 
 Painters, &c. 
 
 Warehouses on margin of Com a 
 
 Albert, Stanley, and Wapping Dock Ware- 
 
 Warehouse Dock, Liverpool J 
 
 houses. 
 
 Yarn Printers 
 
 Bleachers, &c, 
 
 Zinc Workers 
 
 Blacksmiths, &c., or Engineers, as per 
 
 * 
 
 relative extent of premises. 
 
 N 
 
82 
 
 SUPPLEMENTARY LIST. 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class of Eisk, 
 
m 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class of 1B,wk. 
 
84 
 
 Tbade, &c. 
 
 Class of Kisk. 
 
 
 
85 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class of Eisk. 
 
86 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class op Risk. 
 
87> 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class of Eisk. 
 
 I 
 
88 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class of Kisk. 
 
m 
 
 Trade, &c. 
 
 Class of Risk. 
 
 -i ' * ': 
 
 ■i^ 
 
ii 
 
 CLASSIFIED BUSINESS " REGISTERS. 
 
 HOW TO BE FORMED, WITH THE ADVANTAGE OF CONTINUOUSLY 
 GIVING REQUIRED SPACE, UNDER RESPECTIVE CLASS HEAD- 
 INGS. AT A MINIMUM COST, OR A TITHE OF THE COST OF 
 REGISTERS SPECIALLY PREPARED OR ORDERED FOR THE 
 PURPOSE. 
 
 When the Prospectus of this work was first issued to many of the Fire 
 Offices, on the 31st July, of last year, I then jnirposed giving Specifications 
 for Class Registers, specially spaced, &c., and with Self Class Indexes, to meet 
 the present, and probable future requirements of each Class. Since that date, 
 however, I have contrived and adopted another method of working, which method 
 I have worked and tested to a very large extent alongside the Class Registers 
 at present, and previously in use. The newer method is equally efficient, and 
 can be easier adapted to changing and future requirements than the per- 
 manently bound books, and at a cost for equal quantities of business or items 
 of less than one-tenth of the Class Registers first obtained. 
 
 SPECIFICATION No. 5. 
 
 
 Policy or 
 
 Guarantee Policy 
 
 Number. 
 
 Date of Expiry. 
 
 First Pajnnent or New Business. 
 
 Renewable Lady-day Quarter. 
 
 
 Sum Insured. 
 
 Premium. 
 
 Sum Insured. 
 
 Premium. 
 
 (Margin for 
 Binding). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
mi 
 
 Benewable Midsninmei 
 
 Qnarter. 
 
 Renewable Michaelmas Quarter, j 1 
 
 Sum Insozed. 
 
 Premium, 
 
 Sum Insured. 
 
 Premium. | 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 I , 
 
 !! 
 • 
 
 ■ i 
 
 Eenewable Christmas Quarter. 
 
 Sum Insured. 
 
 Premium. 
 
 How and 
 when Policy 
 disposed of 
 
 «■■ "<-'•-<"-■ 
 
 SPECIFICATION No. 6. 
 
 (SPACE FOR -WRITING CLASS.) 
 
 (SPACE FOR \VRITING CLASS.) 
 
 -i ■ 
 
 Loss 
 No. 
 
 1 
 Policy 
 No. 
 
 ■ 
 
 Agency 
 
 or 
 Branch. 
 
 Sum Insured 
 
 or 
 Cause of Fire. 
 
 Amount of 
 Premium 
 j or lioss. 
 
 Loss 
 No. 
 
 Policy 
 No. 
 
 1 Agency 
 or 
 Branch. 
 
 Sum Insured ! 
 or 1 
 Cause of Fire. 
 
 Amount of 
 Premium 
 or Loss. 
 
 (Margin for 
 Binding.) 
 
 ■« 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 ! 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 For these made up Glass Eegisters a quantity of sheets will be required, as 
 per " Specification No. 5 " annexed hereto. Ten reams of this paper -will allow 
 of 250,000 entries being made therein (the exact number of lines, allowing for 
 top and bottom being used for totals "forward," is 288,000, but margin must be 
 given for spaces unused), the cost of which ought not to exceed J620. 
 
 The next requirement is twice the number of stiff loose covers, with flexible 
 backs, that the Office requires to open Glass Registers for ; one cover is required 
 for the Business renewed and issued, the other is for the " Dropped, Cancelled, 
 and Altered Renewals," and one for the " Additional and Returns " of the whole 
 business ; another to contain the whole of the Losses. The covers for the two 
 last will necessarily be of smaller size than the first mentioned (see Specification 
 
No. 6 annexed hereto). These covers shotild have half an inch from flexible 
 back, four brass eyelet holes, put in on one back only, the top and bottom hole 
 to be each about one-and-a-half inches from extremities, and the other two holes 
 at equal distances therefrom ; a loose strip of double leather will be requisite, of 
 equal length to cover, with brass eyelet holes exactly corresponding to those on 
 back ; strong file laces for each cover will also be requisite. 
 
 In forming Eegisters in above-mentioned covers, say for business Kenewed 
 and Issued, take about half a ream of paper (specification No. 5), and with hand 
 punch before mentioned, cut the four round holes in the middle of the margin 
 allowed, and through the whole of the paper with it, at precisely the same places 
 as those occurring in said loose strip of leather ; then pass laces through the 
 whole, and bind tight. A book will thus be formed that will stand as well, if not 
 better, than a book specially made for the purpose, besides giving the great ad- 
 vantage of being able at any moment to increase space wherever required, by in- 
 sertion of additional sheets. A quantity of sheets ought to be at hand for the 
 purpose, with the necessary holes already punched therein. 
 
 The Class Kegister being bound together, the next thing to be done is to 
 write the Class headings in the alphabetical order they occur in list. In writing 
 the headings it is not necessary that they should be written in full ; for instance, 
 Cabinet Makers ''No. 1," or Grocers, &c., would be quite sufficient. The Class 
 Number ought at the same time to be put in corner, in red ink, as thus : at 
 Grocers, &c., "Class 43." 
 
 In making abstracts for balancing and other purposes, by using the Class 
 Number, by which the respective accounts can be easily identified, instead of 
 writing heading, will save time. 
 
 The Sheets as per Specifications are all single ones, and in writing headings 
 not more than one heading must occur on each sheet, so as to allow of necessary paper being 
 inserted when required without a "break" between respective classes. 
 
 ' ' i 
 
 
93 
 
 
 ^ PART III. 
 
 KENEWALS OF FIRST YEAR'S CLASSIFICATION 
 
 WRITING AND BALANCING RENEWAL SLIP SHEETS AND SYSTEM 
 OR METHOD FOR BRINGING THE WHOLE OF THE YEAR'S 
 RENEWALS INTO EXACT CONSECUTIVE ORDER OF THE 
 NUMBERS OF POLICIES, FOR CONVENIENCE OF CASSIFICA- 
 TION AND READY REFERENCE, &c. 
 
 The Slip Sheets for this purpose have already been referred to here under the 
 heading of " Improved system of keeping Business Books," together with 
 the specification of them (No. 4), and the system is so far explained under that 
 head, that little is left to remark upon. 
 
 By this system of bringing the business into one consecutive run of numbers, 
 it will be seen that a very considerable amount of time will be saved in references 
 and marking Classification on the slips. By this method a Policy Book con- 
 taining different sets of numbers can be at once exhausted of the information 
 necessary for Classing all the Policies in force therein, as included in the slips. For 
 instance, it is found, say, first slip or number in force, is in a certain Policy Book, 
 and a number of other slips follow in the same " set." The slips in this set by 
 reference from them to Policies are classed ; it is then found other sets of numbers 
 are in Policy Book ; corresponding sets are then turned to in slips, and the slips 
 in each " set " are classed in turn. This done, it will be seen that a single 
 backward reference to same Policy Book is almost unnecessary. Any other 
 method that I have worked, known, or thought of, would involve five times the 
 labour in making the necessary references for Classification. 
 
 It will be further seen that convenience and economy of labour in Classiag 
 is not the only advantage gained by having the whole business brought into con- 
 fiecutive order of numbers, from the fact that in Class Registers the numbers, 
 
94 
 
 when posted to the different accounts, will fall also into consecutive order 
 there, by which any given number both there and in slips can for future 
 operations be found or referred to in an instant. 
 
 For ready reference to slips, a case of drawers should be used to keep the 
 bundles of them in, each head or branch of the business having one, labelled 
 outside, and to contain the whole slips corresponding to its Special Kegisters. 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 'iir rr t:^'''^\ -■ ■( i 
 
 t>>-«r-^ ''.. 
 
 
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 ! 
 
 : . .' ft 
 
 uv^;.* 
 
 - i ■ 
 
 \)-[i^rii 
 
 •;ii4 
 
 
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^^5 
 
 CLASSIFICATION OF SLIPS. .:-. -^ ^. 
 
 In List of Trades and Classes of Risk, &c., I trust sufficient will be found to 
 guide the Classing Clerk in every instance. I have endeavoured to make the 
 instructions as complete in this respect as my experience and judgment would 
 allow. ■ .:u..>.:. ...,!■. .-r .,.,: 
 
 ' j'^ No matter how completely instructions may be compiled, special and 
 changing circumstances will always leave something hitherto unprovided for, to 
 meet which the Classing Clerk will have to exercise his own judgment. ' "" 
 
 ^ I myself now find many Httle points, on careful revision of preceding in- 
 structions, which I will state here for example, instead of inserting them in the 
 List. -'<'■'• ^--^!:>:'^V1 ''-^' '• - -'■^. ; - ■ ' - 
 
 ' Draper and Grocer. — An insurer carrying on both trades in one shop or 
 premises, would render it doubtful as to which the risk should be placed ; to 
 myself, however, there would be no hesitation, from the knowlege that at equal 
 rating the Loss experience on Drapers is not so favourable as that on Grocers ; 
 therefore I should class the risk "Drapers, &c." An observation of a number 
 of these risks confirms the view in another respect. A memorandum recently 
 made in Note Book runs thus : — " Noted in numerous Policies where specific 
 amounts given, the Drapery Stock considerably exceeds the Grocery one." 
 
 Tariff for Warehouses in Glasgow and Paisley. — Everything rated under this 
 tariff being by special surveys, I place to Class "Warehouses in Glasgow, &c., 
 for Goods," unless survey shews a manufacturing risk, that in itself would, 
 on independent rating, be the major one. In such a case I post to specific Class 
 the major risk belongs to. 
 
 As far as practicable, it is desirable to closely follow the tariffs, in order that 
 the specific Class accounts they come under may clearly shew statistically the 
 results of the tariff rating to the office. Take the three Classes for ** Ware- 
 houses in London," for instance. There are two tariffs in Classing these risks, 
 therefore every Warehouse that is not provided for in one or the other, naturally 
 goes to Class for " Warehouses in London generally." 
 
96 
 
 Blocks of Shops and Dwellings not being divided into distinct risks by party 
 
 walls, and if in Glasgow not being a " Warehouse survey," and with occupations 
 
 of Shops unstated, post to Class for Shops hazardous. 
 
 ^ If slips balanced, instead of two Clerks' time being occupied comparing with 
 
 , original entries, the Classing Clerk will compare dates, amounts, &c., and tick 
 
 ; slip in blue ink, between sum insured and premium; this work of checking by 
 
 him will economize labour. , . , 
 
 It is desirable that blue ink should be used for marking Classification and 
 figures connected, so as to keep a clear distinction in the figures to be used for 
 different purposes. , , _.,,.,., ,, . •• -•■■iiju- >.; r ii 
 
 The Classing throughout must be done in a careful and accurate manner, 
 giving, if more risks than one in Policy, each Class its fair and exact proportion 
 of Premium, and if a first payment is being classed, the odd time, either over 
 or under annual, must be divided proportionately over the respective annual 
 amounts. For statistical purposes it is preferable to dispense with statements 
 than to have incorrect or misleading ones, hence last remark. . .. 
 
 . . Where more risks than one are covered by same Class, it is necessary to 
 mark, immediately after Class, the number so covered ; for instance, should item 
 in Policy run " In equal proportions on the building of six private Dwelling- 
 houses, J6600 at 1/6 per cent, premium, 9/-," Classing Clerk to write Class on 
 slip thus — "Dwelling-houses (6) 600, 9/-," and to follow same rule in all cases. 
 
 
97 
 
 .■ -" .'"^ /t<>: •!//(•(;) i'iO(j>! J! ■•-If ,'■■ ^7/ .Ml ..;.-.! h i J , i ij 
 
 :^ '!'..■;(. i -:;,„; ,.-,.... .tJW, ;....'.|5^ ;,; ; *,-- .j. ■■ ,i.i;ih ';» ,-^..»/'i it ,' ;- ^■ 
 
 ' POSTING RENEWAL SLIPS INTO CLASS REGISTERS, AND ' 
 ' ■ " - COMPARING AND BALANCING THEM, &c. 
 
 In posting the Renewal Slips, it is desirable that the Classes shewing the 
 most numerous items in the account should be posted singly. For instance, if 
 " Dwelling-houses" be the first sUp taken up, mark first in red ink on top line 
 ** Renewals, 18 ," (the year), (and do this also at each other Class as first item 
 posted), post it and go through all the slips as they lie in consecutive order on 
 desk, and post each item marked " Dwelling-houses," and as each posted in its 
 respective column (present payment column to be left blank), "tick" to left of 
 Class, so that on afterwards going through the whole of slips to see if all entered, 
 you can do so rapidly, by knowing where to look for it. Where there are not 
 many items in a given Class, it involves more labom- to wade through slips for 
 them than to post each item from the slips as it occurs. No index will be 
 required for the posting, as owing to the headings being in alphabetical order, 
 they are in themselves an index. For purposes of giving number of risks covered, 
 where more than one given on slip, mark number in red ink to left of policy 
 number. 
 
 When all the slips are posted into the Register, they must be compared or 
 read over ; the readiest and quickest way of doing this, is for one Clerk to take 
 the Register commencing with the first number and first class, and read out number 
 to Clerk with slips ; he then responds by reading out class, date, and amounts. 
 The slips running consecutively, the Clerk who has them should find the num- 
 bers almost as quickly as called ; entry as read should be '* ticked off" in Register, 
 and " cross ticked " in slip. When Register is gone completely through from Class 
 to Class, slips ought to be carefully examined, in order to see if " cross ticked," 
 as proof of being read. 
 
98 
 
 The next to be done is to add up the whole four quarters' Renewals for balance. 
 The Clerk should first, however, take a sheet or two of paper (Specification No. 5), 
 and, in expiry column, run down figures to correspond with whole Class numbers, 
 and then, as the additions of the four quarters are completed at each Class, he 
 enters them on said sheets at Nos. corresponding to Class ones at heading corner. 
 The whole being gone through, and the totals summed up to foot of said loose 
 sheet or sheets, the result ought to be a balance with totals of respective 
 Renewal Register totals. The present payment column on said sheets will do for 
 balancing new business in a similar manner later on. 
 
 •ff: 
 
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 il! ''-''ijiV'i ',Kl 'A? *»j ,,__[, r^l _: 
 
 ■ i.'i-' " jH'-y' ,1.' 
 
■ '■.>■: . PAET IV. r,,; .,.^j .,; 
 
 NEW BUSINESS OF FIRST YEAR'S 
 CLASSIFICATION, 
 
 BEING ALL POLICIES ISSUED IN SAME YEAR WITH LAST- 
 MENTIONED RENEWALS. WRITING, ADDING, AND BALANCING 
 SLIP SHEETS, &c., AND ARRANGING THEM. 
 
 Under this head I need not repeat instructions already given, and which will 
 be found under the head of " Improved system of keeping Business Books." 
 I must repeat, however, for the sake of impressing its importance, that in the 
 slips as written out, the present and annual payment must be clearly shewn 
 thus : — 
 
 Sum Insured, Premium. 
 
 If term more than one year (state) 1,000 lOs. (Joiners). 
 
 ' v~T , ■-:! .. -f^huy „ 2s. (Odd Time). 
 
 ■■ ■•- '■■ ■'••.'' : f - i '-'■:: „ 15s. (Annual). 
 
 ; ' • "" ; Red Ink. 
 
 If term less than one year (state) ,, 15s. (x\nnual). 
 
 Black Ink. \ 
 
 „ 13s. (Present) ' 
 
 CLASSING SLIPS. 
 
 All necessary remarks on this head have already appeared in the instructions 
 given under the head of Classification of Renewals. 
 
 Special attention, I may repeat, must be given to accuracy in this portion of 
 the work or system. 
 
100 
 
 POSTING NEW BUSINESS SLIPS INTO CLASS KEGISTEBS, AND 
 COMPARING AND BALANCING THEM, &c. 
 
 The remarks under this head at Renewals equ£^ly apply here, the following 
 excepted. 
 
 The exception will be, that entries as per slips will be made precisely as 
 shewn on them, viz.. Annual, with Odd time over, in black ink for present, or 
 present in black ink, where it is less than the Annual, and Annual over in red ink. 
 These figures go into New Business or First Payment column, the Annual there- 
 from being at the time of posting extended into its Renewable column, as per 
 expiry. Before however, posting, first entry or Policy number at respective 
 Classes, write immediately over it in red ink, " Issued 18 , (the year)." 
 
 As each short period item is posted, mark with black ink in **How and when 
 Policy disposed of" column, " Short period " or S. P. Of course no short period 
 item will be extended into " Amount Renewable " column from first payment one. 
 
 In posting this New business portion, there is no necessity for making a 
 break to shew 'the quarters the Policies are issued in, the additions for year's 
 business being made continuous at each account for the whole year. 
 
 In all cases in the expiry column for this new business the year of expiry must 
 he shewn, and care exercised in comparing slips with entries, in order to see that 
 each entry is correct, as upon this point the accuracy of future operations greatly 
 depends. 
 
 In extending into " Amount Renewable " columns from first payment one, 
 these points must be strictly attended to, viz : — 
 
 If Policy expires the year of issue, do not extend, but state in " How and when 
 
 ,:•■, ' i !i- :J::>';!'.f j;'- ' U: iii'Ki ■■■/.- y.i'ili: u-w;j,- 
 
101 
 
 Policy disposed of " column, with black ink, " Dealt with in foregoing Renewals. " 
 (In subsequent years all such cases must be extended in blue ink, in order to be 
 carried up to total preceding additions for forming ''Amount Renewable." Vide 
 instructions under the head of "Improved system of keeping Business 
 Books, &c.") - ' ■ •' 
 
 If Policy expires the year following its issue, extend in black ink. 
 
 If Policy expires in the second year from its issue, extend in red ink. (This is 
 for the purpose of carrying down amounts to form the " Amount Renewable " for 
 the year they expire in. Vide instructions under the head of " Improved system 
 of keeping Business Books, &c.") " " 
 
 In comparing or reading over slips with Class Register, the extension must 
 be checked at the same time as the figures in the First Payment column, and 
 "ticked off." ' '" ' • " • ^ ' ' ' 
 
 For Balance, add up years business at each account, and enter on sheets 
 previously used for Renewal balance in First Payment or New Business 
 column, the amounts at respective Class numbers ; form total of the whole, 
 then summarise from Policy or other Books the totals of the four quarters, 
 add together to form year, and the result ought to be a balance. 
 
102 
 
 PART V. .-.:.:-; 
 
 RETURNS ON POLICIES CANCELLED, 
 
 BY OTHERS ISSUED IN LIEU, BY MADE IN ERROR OR NOT 
 TAKEN UP, AND BY RENEWED IN ERROR, AND ADDITIONALS 
 AND RETURNS BY ENDORSEMENT. 
 
 WRITING AND BALANCING SLIP SHEETS. 
 
 With respect to the above for Classification, <kc., I have not thought it 
 necessary to bring them into account for a less term than a year, although I 
 Mve had shps written in advance as quaiiiers were closed. . 
 
 The slips should be written respectively from the Returns and Cancelment 
 Book, the Endorsement Books, or summary of Endorsement Book, if one kept, 
 and added up and balanced therewith each quarter. 
 
 The Return or Cr. Slips I have always had written in red ink, and the Addi- 
 tional or Dr. Slips written in blue or black ink, in order to denote by colour as 
 well as words the respective sides of Accounts. 
 
 In writing slips for those Returns by new Policies, the Cancelled Policy 
 number, the date of expiry, the term .allowance is made for, the sum insured 
 (CanceUed Policy) and the Premium, should be she^vn on slip, together with the 
 Agency or Branch of business it belongs to. 
 
 In those Cancelled made and Renewed in error, like information to last should 
 be given. 
 
 In the Endorsements, the Agency or Branch, the Policy number, the Endorse- 
 ment number, the date of expiry, and the Premium should be stated. 
 
103 
 
 ' ■ AKRANGING AND CLASSING SLIPS. 
 
 For convenience in this respect, the whole of the above should be cut and 
 arranged into consecutive order, irrespective of the Agency or Branch they 
 belong to. . 
 
 In Classing, if more risks than one in Policy, each Class must have its exact 
 share of Premium apportioned. 
 
 In the case of an Additional or Return Endorsement, should the Endorse- 
 ment involve a change of risk or Class, each Class must receive its due amount 
 of Premium for the time it is on, the risk. The following example will probably 
 explain this matter clearly : — 
 
 An additional Premium, or Dr., appears in the Endorsement Book of 
 Is., but upon looking into the matter, I find from Policy that the insurance 
 there is on a private Dwelling-house upon which a Premium has just been 
 paid of 3s. upon J6200 ; thus the Dwelling-house has been debited with 
 ^ ? that amount, immediately or a few days afterwards the Endorsement is 
 made that the Building is now occupied as a Grocer's Shop at a Premium 
 of 4s. for i6200 ; therefore the slip must be shewn thus to correct the 
 accounts : — 
 Additional .... .... .... Is. 
 
 Deduct Dwelling-houses .... .... 200....3s. (Red Ink). 
 
 Add Grocers, &c. ,.,. , .... 200....4s. (Blue Ink). 
 
 Is. Additional. 
 
104 
 
 POSTING SLIPS INTO REGISTER, ADDING AND BALANCING, &c. 
 
 The paper for this purpose will be as per *' Specification No. 6," in single 
 sheets, of which one ream would be sufficient to last for several years, or with some 
 offices five, six, or more, as per amount of business transacted. 
 
 The book for these will be made up and headed as per instructions give under 
 the heads " Classed Business Registers — how to be formed." In writing head- 
 ings, however, more than one ckss should not appear on each sheet, so that the 
 book can be made continuous for as many years as possible. This book to be 
 called " Classed Additionals and Returns Book." 
 
 In posting the items to respective Classes from slips, post in red and blue 
 ink respectively, as thereon, giving the Agency each item belongs to. 
 
 In adding, it will be an easy matter to subtract blue from red figures, or vice 
 versa, so as to bring down in one total the amount to be deducted from or added 
 to the business when the whole accounts are balanced in gross. A summary 
 being formed for the purpose of balancing from respective Returns, &c., Book for 
 year, take sheets and rule them for the purpose of allowing columns for each 
 Class Register or Branch of business, and with whole Class Numbers at side. 
 Then dissect each Class or Account in " Classed Additionals and Returns 
 Book," and put the amounts in blue or red ink, as Dr. or Cr., to respective num- 
 bers of Class, and respective columns of Branches. This statement, when made 
 up, added, and balanced, to be called "Statement of Additionals and Returns," 
 and bound in said " Classed Additionals and Returns Book." 
 
lOS 
 
 ., ■ v PAET VI. '' 
 
 MODE OP SHEWING STATEMENTS OF NETT 
 
 ■ BUSINESS IN CLASSED REGISTERS, AND 
 
 ■ .-BALANCING SAME. ...,.i ,,,,;,•.... »..,■.,,/ .■ 
 
 • All that now remains to be done is to shew at each Class, or Account in 
 Class Registers, a statement bringing out for the year the nett result of the first 
 year's operations. It should be done as follows : — - ""■'''' ' ' ' ^' 
 
 I Add the four quarters' Renewals together, and ink in total for year in red ink, 
 in "How and when Policy disposed of" column, then bring down amount to line 
 below total of year's new business, in first payment column, add the two together, 
 and then add or deduct amounts as per statement of Additionals or Returns above 
 referred to ; the result in each case being Nett Business of year. This final 
 statement at each class will be worded thus : — 
 
 Total New Business, 18 , £ : : £ 
 
 Total Renewals, 18 , 
 
 Add or deduct, as per Statement, . 
 Additionals and Returns .... 
 
 Total Nett Business, 18 M : : M A ,.:»:,..,. ., 
 
 Classed statements of this nett business will then have to be made out and 
 balanced, or reconciled with Ledger Accounts, to be carried into " Ten Years' 
 Statistic Book." 
 
106 
 
 PART vir. 
 
 LOSSES. 
 WRITING SLIP SHEETS. 
 
 When the Loss Books are closed for year, and balanced with Ledger Accounts, 
 slips should be written on the slip sheets before mentioned (Specification No. 4). 
 On each slip should be stated Agency or Branch Policy number or numbers, 
 Loss number, Amount of Gross Loss and Expenses, in black ink, and if 
 Guarantee proportions are recovered thereon, the amount must be stated in red 
 ink figures, immediately over the black ink ones. If Office records cause of fire 
 in Loss Books, the cause to be stated at the foot of each slip. If cause not thus- 
 recorded, I should recommend it to be done, for the reason that the cause record 
 in the Classed accounts of losses may in some cases tend to point out how 
 better results may be obtained, where specific classes or risks have proved 
 unsatisfactory. 
 
 ADDING, BALANCING, AND ARRANGING SLIP SHEETS. 
 
 Slip Sheets will be added for black and red ink figures separately, and then 
 balanced with Loss Book totals, or Ledger totals. They must then be cut and 
 arranged in consecutive order of Policy numbers, as per the preceding instruc- 
 tions, for the other sections of business. . '. i 
 
«07 
 
 ♦ CLASSING SLIPS. 
 
 The Premium Slips will give Classification in most instances ; should there, 
 however, be more Classes than one in Premium SHp, the papers must, if found 
 necessary, he turned up to find correct class. It will be advisable, in order to 
 ensure correctness, that the slips when classed should be compared with record 
 in Loss Book. A wrong Policy number, for instance, might throw the accounts 
 out very materially. 
 
 POSTING SLIPS INTO REGISTER, ADDING AND BALANCING, &c. 
 
 The same form of paper (Specification No. 6) used for Classed Additionals 
 and Returns Book, is also adapted to serve for the '* Classed Loss Book," and 
 must be made up exactly in the same manner, and in a similar cover referred 
 to under the headings " Classed Business Registers," " How to be formed, &c." 
 
 The items must be posted as entered on slips. Gross Losses in black ink, and 
 *' Obtained Guarantee " Losses over in red ink, as respective Classes, '' Cause " 
 being recorded in red ink, in some insured space. 
 
 After adding red and black ink figures separately at each Class, and bringing 
 out statement of balance, as per instructions in preceding sections of business, 
 the respective Classes must be dissected, and a statement of them drawn out in 
 a precisely similar mode to that of the " Statement of Additionals and Returns," 
 and bound in above " Classed Loss Book." 
 
 In said dissected statement of Classed Losses, the black ink figures will form 
 the Gross Losses, and the red ink figures the Obtained Guarantee ones, for entry 
 into " Ten Years' Fire Statistic Book." 
 
108 
 
 SPECIFICATION OF TEN YEARS' FIRE STATISTIC BOOK. 
 
 The top headings of this book will be as follows, viz. : — '' "'' ' ' 
 
 -'''-' '• SPECIFICATION No. 7. - • , 
 
 
 Year. 
 
 No. ot Bisks 
 Covered. 
 
 Sum 
 Insured. 
 
 Premium 
 Beceived. 
 
 No. of 
 Fires. 
 
 Losses Paid. 
 
 Losses Per 
 
 Cent of 
 
 Premium. 
 
 (Space lor 
 Branch or Sec- 
 tion of Busi- 
 ness). 
 
 18 
 18 
 18 
 18 
 18 
 18 
 18 
 18 
 18 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ! 
 
 
 
 
 Ten Years' 
 
 Totals. 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 The vertical headings will be first, as there are Branches of Business or Class 
 Registers for direct business (i.e. Office's own Policies), then " Total of fore- 
 going," next will follow " Issued Guarantee Business," next again " Total Gross 
 Business," then to be deducted from last " Obtained Guarantee Business " (the 
 figures for these I enter in red), and finally Total Nett Business. 
 
 In each of the above last -mentioned sections ten lines must be allowed, and 
 another ruled off, to form total. On each of the ten lines will be printed the 
 respective years, and on the last total one " Total Ten Years' Results," as per 
 above specification of single section. 
 
 There will be as many numbered folios in Book as Office has Class headings, 
 with an additional one for final totals of the various sections of business (on this 
 folio number not required). The said numbered folios will also form the Class 
 numbers. 
 
 I > 3 ' ' ■ 
 
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 .1)' I ''*'i^; : ( i\ I'i' 
 
109 
 
 ; i: o: .Miff .'iinii '.J-'' •^•-•;' %=:ti n\:'\ !- ■';' -•:^: .; "( -=.'/' 
 
 PAET VIII. 
 
 ■ > ; 1 r 
 
 SYSTEM OK METHODS OF DEALING WITH CLASS 
 REGISTERS AND THE SLIPS CORRESPOND- 
 ING THERETO IN SECOND AND FOLLOWING 
 
 ■■' YEARS FROM THE FIRST OR PRECEDING 
 
 '' . ONE. 
 
 -: {/ 
 
 Should an Office follow the suggestion herein of adopting the "Improved 
 system of keeping Business Books" and the one of "Class Registers" 
 simultaneously, the instructions given for first named would also serve for the 
 latter^ as the two systems are almost identical, differing only in that in one case 
 all is included in one account, whilst in the other it is split up into one hundred 
 and eighteen accounts, and also in a few minor points. 
 
 One of the few minor points of difference just referred to is, that in Class 
 Registers, instead of deducting or allowing for amounts altered and policies 
 cancelled in interim between last renewal or issue (if new), to make up the 
 correct "Amount Renewable" for Renewal List, as is the case with the 
 "Business" Books, they will be taken into account only when the actual 
 Renewals are made up along with the others (Dropped, &c.) in the Class Register 
 of Dropped, Cancelled, and Altered Renewals. 
 
 The next minor point is, that in the Class Register system a special book, 
 called the " Dropped, Cancelled, and Altered Renewal Register," will be kept for 
 the purpose, whilst in the " Improved Business Book " the Dropped, Cancelled 
 and Altered Renewals will be summarised on the Renewal List. 
 
 The last point of minor difference will be, that in " Business " Books the 
 new business and returns, &c., will be brought into account every quarter, whilst 
 in the Classed Registers it will only be done at the close of every year. 
 
110 
 
 Having gone so fully and minutely into matters in the instructions under the 
 head of " Improved system of keeping Business Books," little, if anything, 
 further can be touched upon that has not been already dealt with, in as 
 far as relates to the account portion of the system of keeping the Class Eegisters. 
 
 I may remark, however, that one of the minor points of difference referred to 
 above in the two systems, viz., the difference where, in the case of the 
 "Business " Books, the Dropped, Cancelled, and Altered form two accounts, in the 
 Class Registers only form one, gives a check in favour of the Class Registers 
 that is not quite so practicable in the other. It is this : The Dropped, Cancelled, 
 and Altered Renewal slips torn from bundles are first marked in Classed Business 
 Registers, and from those markings the " Classed Dropped, Cancelled, and Altered 
 Renewal Register " is posted up and then compared with the slips, and by this 
 imeans the accuracy of the markings proved in the Classed Business Register. 
 
 As I think I cannot now add anything further to the general instructions 
 already given that will be of service, as far as the actual keeping of the Classed 
 Business Registers is concerned, I will proceed with remarks upon the system as 
 far as the old system of Renewal Registers affects the balancing, &c. 
 
 '< ■• > 1": 
 
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 ''. ' _ I , ■ . ' . . . !.:■■'• !■>•: • 
 
 ..Huivnu.. EENEWAL EEGISTERS, - - 
 
 AND AMOUNTS RENEWABLE IN CLASS EEGISTERS. HOW 
 TO DEAL WITH SLIPS, &c., IN ORDER TO BRING OUT BALANCE 
 OF ACTUAL RENEWALS. 
 
 By the system of slips and their posting, already explained, the gross 
 " Amount Renewable " being standing in both slips and Classed Business 
 Registers, it is only necessary to get out and make up the Dropped, Cancelled, and 
 Altered, and to deduct them from the Classed Business Registers, in order to 
 balance with the actual Renewal Totals standing in the Renewal Registers for 
 any given quarter. The following will, however, fully explain how the result is 
 arrived at : — 
 
 First take out the drawer that contains the whole of the slips belonging to 
 the particular Branch or Class Register intended to be dealt with, and place it 
 on the desk. 
 
 Next take the Renewal Register, and carefully compare the Renewal columns 
 of the current and preceding years. If it is found that a Policy is dropped or can- 
 celled since the year preceding, turn up its corresponding number in the 
 consecutive numbered slips laying alongside in drawer, and tear it off the bundle, 
 and at the same time mark slip " How and when disposed of," and also tick 
 Renewal Register to the right of current year's column with red ink. In all 
 cases turn slips face downward, so as to keep them in the order they occur in 
 Renewal Register. 
 
 Should it be found, however, that a Premium has been changed since pre- 
 ceding Renewal, turn up slip and mark thereon in red ink, over previous one, 
 the new Premium, together with the year it is first changed. Let sHp remain in its 
 place, but write another to account for the difference (blue ink if debit or 
 additional, red ink if credit or reduction). Should it further be found that since 
 close of preceding year's Renewals that a Policy has been transferred to Renewal 
 
112 
 
 Kegister under revision, a new slip must be written for it, and it must be marked 
 " Transferred from . , . . " (naming Brancli) ; the Classification for it 
 wiU be found by turning up the old slip (which leave in place). This transfer, 
 and any others, must be posted direct into Class Register (it or they must not 
 pass through the Dropped, Cancelled, and Altered one). When posted, put trans- 
 ferred slip or slips in sequence with the others it now belongs to {i.e. those in 
 drawer). 
 
 The Dropped and Cancelled slips being ail torn off and in hand, and the new 
 slips for Altered Premiums being revised as to Classification, they will now 
 require to be turned up and marked in Class Registers as to " How and when 
 disposed of," &c. These markings being completed (all in red ink), with year 
 dealt with, the next thing to be done is to make up the Classed Dropped, Can- 
 celled, and Altered Renewals Register. This must be done from the markings in 
 Classed Business Register, by which means the numbers appear posted in proper, 
 sequence at their respective accounts. The slips will now be used for comparison ; 
 or reading over, and the final result of adding and making up statement of re- 
 spective accounts in "Classed Dropped, Cancelled, and Altered Register " ought, 
 when same are deducted from Classed Business Registers, to result in a balance 
 of Nett Renewals between total of each (Class Register and Renewal Register). 
 
 ::■■ NEW BUSINESS. ' u"'. .^:' . m : . ..i 
 
 This section of business follows last leading head, and the Classification, 
 Classification Posting, &c., will be done exactly as per the previous instructions 
 given under the respective heads for the first year's operations of making up 
 the Class Registers. - ' • '■ v - -=.. • 
 
 .i;y<S<v:- .. ■ i: ■■■■.■ \-\, ^'M-^x •i'Si\\'U'i (i"'; ;!' "! -ir ^>'{,|. 
 
113 
 
 EETUKNS, CANCELMENTS, AND ENDOBSEMENTS. 
 
 These will, in every respect, be dealt i with as in preceding year ; the only 
 exception will be that very little Classification will be requisite direct from Policies 
 as the slips will furnish nearly all the full information required for the purpose. 
 
 
 LOSSES. 
 
 These will be dealt with precisely as per instructions already given herein for 
 first year's operations. 
 
 I :.l.i'. u !"! , :»;vi ;•■■ t>ri.' .;. i 
 
 NUMBER OP RISKS AND SUM INSURED FOR 
 STATISTICAL PURPOSES. 
 
 "Where an Office is desirous of making their Fire Statistic Book up with the 
 greatest completeness, and wish to embody the above, it will be necessary to deal 
 with the accounts for them, along with Premium, in Class Eegisters, by the 
 precise methods set forth in the preceding instructions. , 
 
 I ■ 
 ' , - J A'. . .!•';• - . :^ , ' U' . . J ,, -■ I r. - ,: ■ ^ ^ 
 
 iiL'f 'ill! a tU'/ -itMi" .•' ;T''ii'! -tj. f: ■ •••• ■;. • '• 
 
U4 
 
 GENERAL REMARKS UPON THE FOREGOING 
 " ■ ■" . . ' SYSTEMS. ■ : " ;' ■ 
 
 Upon careful perusal of the whole of the foregoing, it will be noted that after 
 the completion of the first year's operations, the work is afterwards reduced to 
 the lowest possible minimum consistent with accuracy and efficiency ; for instance : 
 
 The only new Slips necessary to be written, are those for " New Business 
 Returns, Cancelments, Endorsements, and Losses,' a very few changes on 
 Renewals being required in addition. 
 
 In Classification of Risks, the only new work will be that of the " New 
 Business," and a few others affected by Endorsement changing risk will require 
 revision. 
 
 The necessary Classification for "Returns, Cancelments, and Endorsements 
 (very few Endorsements, where change of risk involved excepted). Losses Dropped, 
 Oancelled and Altered Renewals (not a tithe of the Renewals first dealt with), 
 and from the first the whole of the Obtained Guarantee Business, will always be 
 obtainable from the already classed consecutive slips lying in their respective 
 drawers. 
 
 The new posting portion of the work will only consist of the ** New Business," 
 the "Dropped, Cancelled, and Altered Renewals " (not a tithe of the actual ones), 
 the "Returns, Cancelments, and Endorsements," and the "Losses." 
 
 The balancing portion of the work will give very little trouble, owing to the 
 possibility of few, if any, ^ errors arising, and the ready means of detecting 
 them, should they occur. 
 
 The slips, after taking out or tearing off the short periods when fully dealt 
 
115 
 
 with, will always remain perfect counterparts of their respective Registers, and 
 therefore useful for a variety of purposes. 
 
 In concluding this portion of the work, I may repeat that an Office adopting 
 in their entirety the systems here set forth, will ensure many advantages not 
 given hitherto by the methods generally followed in working out Fire Business 
 and Fire Statistics. 
 
J : 
 
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APPENDIX. 
 
 
 
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 Hf S 
 
 
 
118 
 
 REMARKS AS TO APPLICABILITY OF FOREGOING SLIP SYSTEMS 
 TO BOOK-KEEPING AND OTHER GENERAL PURPOSES WHERE 
 ITEMS ARE NUMEROUS. 
 
 For Book-keeping and other purposes the Slip System can be adapted 
 in a variety of ways. , 
 
 For instance, in the matter of journalising, an ordinary Clerk, who had 
 not sufficient knowledge to carry them to their proper accounts, could 
 copy items on slips. The slip sheets could then be balanced with the 
 Books they are copied or taken from, another Clerk, with greater knowledge 
 of accounts (supposing the items were numerous), could sort the slips to 
 respective accounts for straightforward entry in journal infinitely quicker 
 than by the ordinary way, and the Copying Clerk could then easily make 
 the entries into the journal therefrom. 
 
 ■J!' V f ?. j, 
 
 For Indexing purposes the Slip System might, in special instances, 
 save considerable time and inconvenience ; for instance, I once heard of 
 the Indexing of Policies being entirely abandoned by an Office. The case 
 was this. A very large number of the Policies, or Policy Books, had 
 to go into one Index, and the work had fallen very much into arrear, 
 so much so, that it was found they could not then be got into that 
 one Index. Now, granting the absolute necessity of only employing this 
 one Index for half a dozen Branches of Business, it will be seen 
 that the work by the Slip System could have been brought up to date 
 in time limited only by the number engaged upon it. 
 
 I might dilate upon the matter under above head much further, but 
 as I am preparing a special work on Accountancy, &c., generally, I 
 need not exhaust the subject here, especially as the matter when more 
 fully developed would not be of general service to Insurance Offices. 
 
'"*'•■■>' -'5- ' ' 'V. ■"-(■ ii*:.' »',*i- .".?.:) 'v :..■'■ I' • ■ ,■■;.' 
 
 * • ' 'i i .. ii' • . '■•:: '■/'!! r ' « ji? >■•; ^ i>! 
 
 GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS AS TO WORKING, &c., 
 UNDER FOREGOING SYSTEMS. 
 
 In the " Business " Books for the Scotch Branches or Business, the 
 heads of Quarters must be as in " Specification No. 3," and when a 
 PoHcy is extended therein expiring at a Scottish Term or Quarter, place 
 *' S," in red or blue ink, immediately preceding the extension in "Amount 
 Renewable" column. This distinctive mark will be given in the Scotch 
 *' Business " Books, as well as those Guarantee ones under " Specification 
 No. 3 ; " but should an Office prefer it, eight columns could be used 
 for the respective terms to extend the "Amounts Renewable." This I 
 do not consider necessary, as the Books can be easily worked with the 
 four columns as per Specifications, and the eight columns would make the 
 Books of somewhat unwieldy size. 
 
 To retain the Policy Numbers constantly in sequence or consecutive 
 order — after the Books under the respective systems are once made up — 
 it will be desirable or necessary, in the case of transfers of business 
 being made from one Branch or Head of Business to another, to issmi 
 New Policies for such transfers, in lieu of transferring the business under the 
 old Policy Numbers. This method of dealing with them will, in addition 
 to keeping numbers always in sequence in respective Books or Accounts, give 
 to each Branch or Head, in the ordinary way, copies of Policies in their 
 own Books, or more under their special supervision. 
 
 In dealing with Cancelments, &c., in the respective "Business" Books 
 and Class Registers, it will be well to bear it constantly in mind that 
 the requisite year to be stated in the " How and when Policy disposed 
 of" column is that of the one the Reneival next falls due. The fact is, in 
 as far as the Renewal Lists, &c., are concerned, the entry in the Business 
 Books really means Cancel 18...., being the year the next renewal falls 
 
120 
 
 due, in order that the item may not be included as then renewable, nor 
 be deducted other than from the year it lapses as renewable. The said 
 year, it will be noted, can be readily seen in its column for purposes 
 of abstracting, summing up, and deducting, but if the year be placed as 
 follows, in the "How and when Policy disposed of" column, it will more 
 readily catch the eye, viz. : — 
 
 "C. 18.... 550,721" (say New Policy) "" ' . 
 
 "C. 18... 
 
 ''C. 18... 
 
 ''C. 18... 
 
 "C. 18... 
 
 or"C. 18... 
 
 Dropped " 
 
 Made in error, 18...." 
 
 Declined" 
 
 By Loss" '**"■ 
 
 Kenewed in error, 18...." 
 
 Taking the Class Registers, at the end of any given year, the 
 correctness of the entries in the " How and when Policy disposed of " 
 column, together with the alterations in Premium, may be tested for the 
 whole of the preceding years, by making an abstract of all the amounts 
 standing undisposed of, the total of which at each Class should agree 
 with the last year's total of nett renewals, as there shewn. 
 
 Should it be requisite for me at any time to prove the general 
 
 correctness of the work done under the system, I would, as one of the 
 
 tests, apply the above. In the '' Business " Books this same test is 
 
 'given by the Renewal Lists, as they are made out and balanced each 
 
 quarter. 
 
 Any difficulty that may have arisen at any time in carrying on the 
 system satisfactorily, has been caused by Clerks not following the preceding 
 instructions to their strict letter. Giving one instance only, I found, 
 upon applying the test, that a Clerk, instead of marking or posting from 
 the Cancelled, Dropped, and Altered Slips direct into the Class Register 
 first f and then posting or making up the Dropped, &c., Register there- 
 from, had posted the slips direct into the Dropped, &c.. Register, and 
 afterwards marked the "How and when Policy disposed of" column in 
 
Class Register also from the slips without check, consequently, by this 
 simple reversion of the instructions, numerous errors had crept in, such 
 as wrong Policies being marked, and others altogether omitted. , =.. ■ 
 Taking the above instance into account, and other matters gained by 
 long experience and studyj I can confidently predict that any departure 
 from the lines laid down in the foregoing instructions will result in 
 making many future little difficulties to retard the efficient carrying out 
 of the systems. '- * -' •• ■• ^^^ -•■■ : " ^ ;. •/ . ;; ;v * ;* vj 
 
 The slips, it will be noted, can be used independently, as a substitute 
 for the "Business" Books, for the purpose of writing out Renewal 
 Lists, making references, &c., consequent on their being, at all times 
 (under the systems), perfect counterparts of the Books. In fact, should 
 the Books be unfortunately destroyed, they could be reconstructed from 
 the slips, if the slips themselves were saved. ' ■ ' ' - ~ I 
 
 In writing the slips do not write too near the top of the "cutting" 
 line, but leave about half an inch of space, otherwise figures may be cut 
 ofi". A single instance occurred in my experience of 3d. odd time having 
 been cut off owing to its being written very close to the top ; it was 
 thought a "balance in error" had occurred in the Slip Sheets, until 
 this fact was discovered after two or three days' search. 
 
 If a Policy Book is in use, the corresponding "Business" Book will 
 serve the purpose equally well for writing the slips preparatory to Classi- 
 fication of Risks. 
 
 When it is found afterwards that an error has been previously made 
 in the Classification of any Risk, and that Risk should have " run off," 
 to correct the error, debit and credit to respective Classes the full amounts 
 through the " Additional and Beturn Register " only. If, however, the Risk 
 should still be a running one, and has been running for a longer period 
 than a year at the wrong Class, then debit and credit one year only to 
 respective Classes the amounts through the '' Dropped, Cancelled, and Altered 
 Eegister" (in order to put . the Amounts Renewable correct), and then 
 
 *« 
 
122 
 
 debit and credit respective Classes with the amounts for the remaining 
 portion of the period through the " Adlitional and Returns Register." Shps 
 will be written for these alterations in the ordinary course, and placed 
 with the others belonging to the " Additional and Eeturns Register," and 
 the ''Dropped, Cancelled, and Altered Register" respectively, and dealt 
 with in the same way, i.e., the one for the "Dropped, &c.. Register" 
 will be in the case of the wrong Class marked in the Class Register in 
 the '* How and when Policy disposed of" column C. 18.... Transferred to 
 ....'.^l'*.!*^.., and at the correct Class an entry will be made (interlined at 
 sequent Policy Number), in blue ink, of particulars, with note " Trans- 
 ferred from .../.^!"'f^..., 18...., and dealt with through Dropped, &c.-. Register," 
 also at same time correct Class on original slip. By this method the 
 error will be clearly and fully corrected, and the amount shewn at its 
 proper Class for future reference and deahngs therewith. 
 .. It will be noted that I have left space in a "Supplementary List" 
 of Trades, &c., for any further entries that may be required, or which 
 do not appear in the preceding List, such as the following omission :— 
 
 :;..f. Bone Grinding Mill, no Vitriol 
 
 l/jMij ■' Chamber or Chemical process 
 
 therein, v - ^ i: i«< 
 
 Class to 
 *' Sundry Special Risks." 
 
 In a statement I compiled some years ago to exhibit the various 
 "Causes of Fire," under respective Classes and the distinctive Risks 
 thereunder, I adopted the following method of doing so in a compact 
 form, viz. : — . 
 
 Large sheets of paper were taken, and the Classes and distinctive 
 Risks thereunder were written downwards on half the left-hand page, thus: — 
 
 i' Cabinet Makers, &c., No. 1. Cabinet Makers, Carpenters, Joiners, 
 
 Undertakers and Box Makers. 
 '"'•'' ,, ' Basket Makers. 
 
 <'■ ' . „ , .^^i Brush Makers (Wood Working). 
 
123 
 
 Cabinet Makers, &c., No. 1. Coach Builders and Perambulator 
 
 Makers. 
 
 ,, ., j,^j. Boat Builders and Block Makers. 
 
 ,, Coopers. 
 
 ,,^ ,»»,.. Lath Splitters. -^ 
 
 ,, ,- ,1 . Venetian Blind Makers. , .j 
 
 M Wheelwrights. ^ , , ■ 
 
 &c. &c. 
 
 Then inside and between each of four full sheets occupied by whole 
 Classes in the manner of the one above specified, I inserted twelve half 
 sheets of same sized paper; these half sheets bent and stitched, or bound 
 in the " middle of them, left a space of half a page on each side of the 
 full ones and the horizontal lines running even together throughout, and 
 sixty columns being ruled thereunder, each column to shew No. of Fires 
 and Losses, each of six sections containing said sixty heads of " Causes 
 of Fire," &c., exhibited the whole, so as to be followed as clearly as a 
 single sheet statement of less magnitude would have done. (To shew 
 the statement on a single sheet would have required one eleven feet by 
 nine and-a-half feet.) 
 
 The total number of claims investigated were 6,018, and the losses 
 thereunder ^822,963. 
 
 I have used this method of mine to advantage for other compilations 
 than the above where I could not obtain space by other means, and I 
 trust that this explanation may prove useful for cases where similar 
 results require to be made up into a compact form for reference, &c. 
 
 The following heads of Causes, &c., occupied the sixty columns referred 
 to, and as, perhaps, the mode of grouping or arranging may be interest- 
 ing, I enumerate them, viz. : — 
 
 Adjoining or adjacent premises. - h.-.m 
 
 Air current drawing furnace flames into Hopper. 
 
 Airing or warming beds or bedding by hot bricks, &c., and hot 
 applications made in bed. 
 
124 
 
 Articles or goods falliDg on to hot floors or into stoves, and smoul- 
 dering sawdust, &c. 
 Boilers, boiler flues, boiler furnaces, and retorts overheated. 
 Boiler dampers improperly lowered. 
 
 Boiler explosions. •■ " 
 
 Boiling and preparing inflammable materials and their overflow 
 
 into fires. 
 Boring wood with hot irons. 
 
 Brunswick black being drawn in cellar (boy burnt to death). 
 Candle or lamp accidents, sparks therefrom, upset, left burning, &c. 
 Carelessness of servants. 
 
 Carrying live coals. ' ' '. 
 
 Chimney fires or foul flues, and sparks therefrom falling on to 
 
 adjoining or adjacent roofs and combustible materials. 
 Children playing with fire, matches, or fireworks. 
 Clothes airing or drying before fire, and combustible articles or goods 
 
 placed too near forges, flues, steam pipes, and stoves. 
 Defective flues and hearths of open fire-places, and defective boiler 
 
 flues, boiling furnaces, hot plates, kilns, or ovens. 
 Dirty fire-places. 
 Drunkenness. 
 Drying on or over boilers, hot plates, or ovens, and drying stoves 
 
 being overheated. 
 Drying wood in ovens, and afterwards mislaying it. 
 Foreign substances in materials, and friction on their passing through 
 
 machines. 
 Friction and overheating of machinery. 
 
 Gas flames in contact with or near articles, goods, woodwork, &c. 
 Gas escaping or exploding. j, ^ ■ > 
 
 Gunpowder exploding. , > ^i/. 
 
 Hot or burning ashes and soot mislaid. 
 
, . 125 
 
 Hot or molten metal, and flying sparks therefrom. '*' 
 
 Incendiarism. •' -^^ ■- :^ ■■s,-^<'<--y 
 
 ,, (suspected). ;: i , : . ;. ..:.;! ii5.V; 
 
 Inflammables thrown or put into fire. .. ., •• 
 
 Kilns being overheated, &c. :^ i?;-'. 1 . •■ ^ r.,, /; .;i/-, 
 
 Lacquering stoves. .<.-■■ 
 
 Lighting gas (using or throwing down lights, &c.) 
 Lightning. 
 
 Lights thrown down areas. 
 Lunatic setting tire to himself. 
 
 Matches (various causes or nature of cause not more specially specified)^ 
 Melting of pipes in still house, and grease running into fire. 
 Muffles (cause not more specially specified). 
 Rail-bed, heat therefrom igniting a beam. 
 Sail failing on to funnel. 
 Shoots of malt bin giving way. 
 Smoking. 
 Smut machine. 
 Sparks or falling cinders from fires. 
 
 „ from railway engines. 
 
 „ from roasting cylinders. 
 ^ „ from steam threshing machines. 
 
 „ from steam ships or vessels. 
 Spilling mineral oils, turpentine, spirits, &c., with light or fire near. 
 Spontaneous combustion. 
 Stoves, stove pipes, and heating apparatus, defective or ) insecurely 
 
 fixed, 
 Suspicious, unsatisfactory, or fraudulent. 
 Tar barrel upset whilst burning. 
 Thawing water pipes. 
 
 Unknown or not stated (claims over ^10). 
 ,, ( ,, under i^lO). 
 
126 
 
 Vessels containing naphtha, spirits, &c., exploding or breaking, and in 
 
 contact with fire. .m^i-rvii 
 
 Wadding, &c., fired from gun and entering thatch. », 
 
 Woodwork of hot water pan fired. tl 
 
 Amounts belonging to losses of years prior to above term. aidi/-i 
 Total. 
 
 VIEWS AS TO THE ADVISABILITY OF APPLYING THE AVERAGE 
 CLAUSE MORE GENERALLY, IF NOT UNIVERSALLY, TO FIRE 
 INSURANCE. M^H 'i %iv J.-^^-i;.,-:. 
 
 (In stating views under this and subsequent heads, I merely express my 
 own ideas, irrespective of those generally accepted.) 
 
 In how many instances, speaking apart from statistical experience, does 
 it occur to ordinary observation, that there is a tendency on the part 
 of insurers to lower their sum insured on risks, when an increased rate 
 of premium is charged? 
 
 This practice, although not universal, occurs with sufficiently general 
 frequency to partially, if not entirely, neutralise the intended result of 
 increased rates of premium upon many Classes of risk. 
 
 Statistically, I found that where a revision had taken place, and a 
 portion of two Classes of risk had increases made in the rates of premium, 
 the following resulted. In the case of one Class, the ratio of the sum 
 insured was so lowered that the intended result of an increase in the 
 total premium was almost neutralised. In the other case, this same 
 tendency actually reduced the ratio of premium per risk, instead of 
 increasing it. 
 
 In considering this matter, the fact must be borne in mind, that in 
 
127 
 
 not th^te than o&e loss in a thousand is the sum insured totally exliau*sted 
 (if I err in this statement, it will, I think, be found that it is on the 
 side of under estimating the proportion), so that, practically speaking, an 
 insurer, by not fully covering his risk, evades his fair share of burden 
 at the expense of his co-insurers who insure fully, and the Office he 
 insures with. 
 
 Taking a verj^ large area, comprising all Classes of risk, in transacted 
 gross business (i.e., business before deducting " Obtained Guarantees " 
 thereon), I find that the average ratio per loss is only 1^ per cent, of 
 the average ratio of the sum covered or insured. It is, therefore, judging 
 from this fact, and the tendency above mentioned, a matter requiring 
 the consideration of the Offices generally, both in their own interests and 
 those insurers who honestly contribute their full quota of premium, as 
 to the necessity of both interests being more fully protected by the 
 application of the conditions of average to all risks without exception. 
 
 • •'.iWs',^ \^v \m v,-v}.:; , > \)'xr\':a ; ''^^'V ''''^'^ ' '"' ^ . ■' ' '' '■ "'' 
 
 j'i ,-' .; > \ ,u r-'V ■'■'< vA'i i,\ vm' '■ \^:\ \\; ■ \ ' ■'■ '^^ • ''''''•. ••■••• ■ '' •■ ''.■'•' "*•■ '■'■ 
 
 s ■ ^ 
 
 15' 
 
 APPAEENT ANOMALIES IN THE EATINO OF SOME FIRE 
 
 INSURANCE RISKS. 
 
 The following (independent of the light further statistical experience 
 may throw upon them) are put in the form of questions, with the 
 object of drawing attention to the matter, and leaving the answer to 
 simple analogous reasoning from the facts themselves. 
 
 1st. In what constitutes the superiority, as a risk, of a 
 ?!f .;,'uu; Carpenter's, Cabinet Maker's, or other Wood Worker's insurance 
 ^ ' •' ' over that of a Saw Mill one, that the former should be taken 
 at about one-fourth the average rate of the latter ? 
 
128 
 
 2nd. In what constitutes an Oil Mil], an Oil Kefinery, or 
 
 ,it a large Candle Works, a superior risk to that of a Sugar 
 
 ^ Refinery ? Is it that fires are expected to occur with less 
 
 . ..,,,,, . -frequency in one case than the other? Or (speaking generally) 
 
 ^; u^.; ;; is one of less combustible . nature than the other that the 
 
 difference in rating should be so marked ? 
 
 3rd. Why the marked. difference, in rating Stores and Ware- 
 houses in different towns and situations, that Is. 6d. per cent, 
 should be sufficient in one case, whilst in others as high as 
 5s., and even up to 12s., is required in others. 
 Seeming anomalies in rating might be multiplied by instances and 
 apparently analogous reasoning. 
 
 The object of drawing attention to the matter is to shew the necessity 
 of having many present very doubtful matters settled by systematic 
 statistical experience. 
 
 I believe such experience to be a. necessity to the Offices generally, 
 from the fact that risks taken indiscriminately (as by most Offices) at 
 current rates in the United Kingdom, would not, in themselves, yield a profit 
 on the working, and that fidly one-half of the respective Classes of risks would 
 shew very heavy losses, more especially if, in addition to the losses paid thereon, 
 they were debited with their correct ratio of full working expenses, together with 
 fair marginal profits. 
 
 VIEWS AS TO THE BEARING "CAUSES OF FIRE" APPEAR TO 
 HAVE UPON EIRE INSURANCE RISKS. 
 
 I thinlf, when Offices have compiled full tabulated experience from the 
 whole ascertainable *' Causes of Fire," they will find that many fallacious 
 ideas may have arisen, through cursory observations being taken, instead 
 of correct statistical experience. , ., , f , 
 
129 
 
 For instance, closer enquiry and investigation may shew that, in Great 
 Britain at least, the crime of incendiarism is not so prevalent as is 
 generally supposed ; also, that excessive claims are general, fair ones the 
 exception. Insurers who, in general business transactions, act honourably, 
 do not appear to scruple at sending in claims that are, as a rule, 
 materially reduced before final settlement. ^/ ...... 
 
 In more than 6,000 claims that I waded through, the exception to 
 exaggerated claims were few in number. I think the making of excessive 
 or fraudulent claims being so general may have led to the supposition of 
 incendiarism being more prevalent than strict reality would justify. 
 
 It would also be found, I think, that the usual enquiries as to 
 character, protects the Office to a certain limited extent only. As a rule, 
 enquiries are not made after the risk is placed on the books ; therefore, 
 from the fact that a man holding a respectable position does not fall 
 into crime at one step, a great deal of moral hazard is overlooked. 
 Speaking generally, it is obvious that a man in a fair position of 
 business has to fall a long way before resorting to incendiarism ; his fall 
 is gradual, like into bankruptcy, and that may be staved off for a long 
 time after actual insolvency; consistently, therefore, to eliminate the moral 
 hazard to its fullest extent, the enquiries should be continued periodically. 
 
 Tabulated statements of all ascertainable causes would, I believe, shew 
 that something like 76 per cent, of the whole of them arose from causes 
 that no ordinary foresight could possibly make preventible, and I doubt 
 if, in one case out of twenty of the balance of the 24 per cent., 
 ordinary foresight, in "inspection of risk," "alterations made in risk," 
 and " declines " on point of character, could prevent the fires occurring. It 
 will, I think, by investigation, be found that, except by surmise, 20 per 
 cent, of all claims will have to be put down to ''unlmown causes," 
 owing to the fire itself having destroyed all evidence of its origin. 
 
 Statistical experience will, I think, further shew that the ratio of fires 
 to the number of risks covered, will (with some few exceptions) not 
 vary much in their respective classes of risk with that of the gross 
 
• 130 
 
 totals, which leads me to the conclusion that the elements of combustibility 
 and ready extinguishing appliances, as bearing upon the rates to be charged, 
 have not been sufficiently considered in some cases; hence many apparent 
 anomalies in rating risks of analogous nature. 
 
 It may be noted that business may shew variable results in different 
 towns, owing to water supply, efficiency of brigades, and general appliances 
 for extinguishing fires, keeping down the respective ratios of loss, and 
 not be attributable to the average proportionate number of fires being 
 greater in one town than another. 
 
 GENEKAL VIEWS AS TO THE PROBABILITY OF FIRE INSURANCE 
 BEING REDUCED, AT SOME FUTURE DATE, TO A COMPARA- 
 ' TIVE EXACT SCIENCE WITH THAT OF LIFE INSURANCE. 
 
 When statistical information is more complete with respect to the Fire 
 Insurance business, a basis may, I think, be formed, that will reduce it 
 to principles as exact as that of Life Insurance. 
 
 I will, however, state some of the reasons that lead me to take such 
 a view : — 
 
 In statements I compiled for a period embracing five successive years, 
 and covering an average of 160,000 distinct risks per annum, I found that 
 the number or ratio of fires per thousand of the whole risks covered, 
 ran as follows, viz. . — 
 
 1st year of said term 11*41 fires per 1,000 risks. ■ , , ^, 
 
 2nd 
 
 3rd 
 
 4th 
 
 5th ,, ,, ., „ ^j 
 
 Total or mean ratio 10*3S ,, „ t'^f' 
 
 10-63 
 
 
 10-46 
 
 
 9-67 
 
 
 10-01 
 
 
 10-3S 
 
 
131 
 
 It may be stated, that during the above term the business was under- 
 going a process of weeding out and revision, consequent upon the Classed 
 results brought out for a portion of the said term and the years preceding, 
 which may slightly have disturbed the ratios above set out from what 
 they might have shewn if the business had otherwise remained in its normal 
 position. Apart from last remark, however, it may be interesting to 
 compare the above figures with those brought out in the ''Combined 
 Experience of the Life Offices," and contrast them as to which of the two 
 runs in closest approximate ratios year by year. 
 
 It has been, and may again, be said, that the differing ratios of 
 average amounts of loss paid in respective years might preclude any useful 
 results being deduced. I find however, that the average ratio per fire occurs 
 year by year with far closer regularity than the average ratio of the sums 
 claimed for deaths under the Life Insurance business. It occurs to both 
 businesses in parallels ; one year claims may be on the larger sums, and 
 in another year the reverse ; but I can safely venture to assert that in 
 Fire Insurance the average ratio of claims run closer year by year than 
 Life Insurance ones. 
 
 When I go into the sub-division of Fire Statistics, I find, in those 
 Classes where sufficient area is given for comparisons, that the ratio of 
 fires year by year run as closely as in the total results, and I may 
 further assert that a parallel being drawn between various risks in Fire 
 Insurance and various ages in Life Insurance, that the former will run 
 in as close, if not closer, ratio than the latter. 
 
 The magnitude of the work involved has, no doubt, tended to retard 
 compilation of, and research into, Fire Insurance Statistics. It is hoped, 
 however, that the systems set forth in this Work may, by materially 
 lessening the difficulties hitherto standing in the way, lead to the general 
 adoption of an uniform system of Classification, and a combining of the 
 results obtained thereby, thus, at some future date, verifying the views 
 here stated. 
 
■ And against same Amount of Losses paid. 
 
 132 
 
 In the compilation of Fire Statistics, the following, I think, ought in 
 all cases to be fully embraced : — 
 
 '* No. of llisks covered," and against same " No. of Fires." 
 " Sum Insured."' 
 " Premium." 
 Also " Causes of Fire" wherever ascertainable. 
 
 In all the compilations I have completed, I brought out the above ; in 
 fact, I have always found a great saving of time eventually resulted by 
 making every statement sufi&ciently comprehensive to embrace all the 
 information that was at the time obtainable. 
 
 The sum insured, besides shewing the " average rate obtained," the 
 "average rate of loss" to it, the "average rate required" (i.e., loss, 
 proportionate ratio of all expenses, and proportionate profit margin), will 
 be found very useful in tracing out discrepancies, and ensuring care and 
 accuracy in working out systems generally. Of course, the sum insured 
 will be balanced as in premium, and as provided for in instructions and 
 specifications. 
 
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