Bfi 
 
 - BROWNE'S 
 
 
 
 
 
THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
/3 C 9-/i < 
 
 - 
 
 
 Hyattsville, Md 
 
 JU 
 
SCOTT-BROWNE'S 
 
 TEXT-BOOK of PHONOGRAPHY. 
 
 A. NEW PRESENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF 
 THE ART, 
 
 AS PRACTISED BY NINE-TENTHS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE PROFES- 
 SION IN AMERICA; AND THE ONLY WORK EMBODYING THE 
 
 IMPROVEMENTS MADE IN THE LAST TEN YEARS. 
 
 FOR 
 SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND PRIVATE INSTRUCTION. 
 
 BY 
 
 D. L. SCOTT-BROWNE. 
 
 TEACHERS OP THE ART FOR BIGHT YEARS IN THE COLLEGE OF PHONOGRAPHY; 
 EDITOR OF "BROWNE'S PHONOGRAPHIC MONTHLY AND REPORTERS' JOUR- 
 NAL" {ORGAN OF THE PROFESSION); AUTHOR OF THE AMERICAN 
 STANDARD SERIES OF PHONOGRAPHIC TEXT-BOOKS; MEMBER 
 OF THK AMERICAN PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
 
 PART I. 
 
 SEVENTH EDITION REVISED. 
 
 NEW-YORK : 
 
 D. L. SCOTT-BROWNE, 
 
 1886. 
 
COPYRIGHT BY 
 
 D. L. SCOTT-BROWNE, 
 
 1886. 
 
PREFACE TO THE SEVENTH EDITION. 
 
 This work, presenting what is known as the AMERICAN STAND- 
 ARD system of Phonography, contains the improvements made by the 
 profession during the past twenty-five years' practice, down to date. 
 It has become the leading text-book of phonography in the schools 
 thruout the country where shorthand is taught, and, especially, in the 
 Chain of Phonographic Colleges established by the author in the 
 United States and elsewhere. 
 
 The chief improvements of this edition are : Better practise 
 exercises on the upward and downward L and R, with simplified 
 directions for understanding the application of these principles. 
 Exercises in other parts of the work have been improved to make 
 more positive and clear the application of such principles as might be 
 employed in different ways, but which would be better used in one 
 t/i uniform manner, thus avoiding confusion in their application. The 
 various lists of abbreviations have been supplied with practise exer- 
 cises which aid to their easy mastery. Some writing exercises have 
 tvj been made over, supplying words better suited to clearly illustrate 
 i principles. The Sen principle, which by accident was omitted from 
 the last three editions, has been added. Also directions for the for- 
 mation of imperfect hooks or offsets, which have been difficult for the 
 student to understand and which are now made clear. The affix 
 ? signs have been better arranged. A list of about one hundred and 
 ta fifty abbreviations added and general directions given for further 
 g study. Typographical and other discrepancies have been removed. 
 
 The book has been thoroly criticized by the author and teach- 
 ers in general during its past four years' use, and being revised now 
 for the third time, it is believed to be the best instruction book 
 i on shorthand writing. It has cost the author fifteen years' labor 
 E to bring the art to its present state of perfection and to present it in 
 ~ the most practicable manner, affording a book that will meet and 
 remove the difficulties experienced by students. 
 
 The work presents but one style of writing equally suited to all 
 uses required either by the amanuensis or verbatim reporter, and is 
 in every respect the system receiving the highest acknowledgements 
 of the profession and of teachers. THE AUTHOR. 
 
 Phonographic Headquarters, 
 
 23 Clinton Place, New- York City. 
 fan. iSS6. 
 
 449450 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 To THK LEARNER ........ r 
 
 DEFINITIONS ........ viii 
 
 CONSONANTS: 
 
 Lesson I. Consonant Alfabet ....... i 
 
 VOWELS AND VOWELIZAT1ON: 
 
 Lesson II. Positiv and Relativ Values ...... 6 
 
 Lesson III. Short Vowels ....... 13 
 
 Lesson IV. Extra Vowels ...... 17 
 
 Punctuation, Capitals, Emphasis ...... 18 
 
 Lesson V. Difthongs or Compound Vowels ..... 19 
 
 Lesson VI. Joined Vowel Ticks ...... 21 
 
 CIRCLES AND LOOPS: 
 
 Lesson VII. Brief addil ional signs for s and * . ... 22 
 
 Lesson VIII. Loops for st and str ...... 27 
 
 SEMICIRCLES AND HOOK: 
 
 Lesson IX. Brief Signs for Wa and Ya ..... 29 
 
 Lesson X. Brief Wa and Ya Signs disjoined .... 33 
 
 ASPIRATE TICK, HEH: 
 
 Lesson XI. Heh on stems ....... 37 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS AND POSITION: 
 
 Lesson XII. Abbreviations Simple and Compound Stems . . 38 
 
 Lesson XIII. Abbreviations Circles, Loops and Vowels . . -43 
 
 Lesson XIV. Abbreviations Brief Wa and Ya Signs Vowsl, Stem, 
 
 and Brief Sign Combination ...... 46 
 
 HALF-LENGTHS AND ED TICK: 
 
 Lesson XV. Halving Stems to add t or d td tick Abbreviations . 48 
 
 INITIAL HOOKS: 
 
 Lesson XVI. Small Initial Hooks for / and r on mated stems/ and r 
 
 on unmated stems Abbreviations ..... 55 
 
 Lesson XVII. The Initial Circle on / and r- hook signs Abbreviations . 63 
 Lesson XVIII Back Hook for in, c*,un. . . . . 66 
 
 Lesson XIX. W-tick 67 
 
 Lesson XX. Small Terminal Hooks for n f and v Abbreviations . 69 
 
 Expression of Numbers .(See Part II., page 144.) 
 
 Lesson XXI. S'tun and Eshun Hooks Abbreviations 75 
 
 SHADING AND LENGTHENING: 
 
 Lesson XXII. Shading Em lengthening ing lengthening othsr curves 
 
 and Ra and Hah Abbreviations ...... 78 
 
 PREFIXES AND AFFIXES: 
 
 Lesson XXIII. Prefixes Compound Prefixes .... 81 
 
 Lesson XXIV. Affixes Abbreviations as Affixes . . . . 8s 
 
TO THE LEARNER. 
 
 IN taking up the study of Fonografy the learner must under- 
 stand, from the start, that he is to lay aside the methods of both 
 spelling and writing words as taught in our books and dictionaries; 
 and that he must place himself in the attitude of a child who is just 
 beginning to learn his ABC. There are two reasons for this advice: 
 
 ist. Thefonografik alfabet, unlike the one in our spelling books, 
 contains as many letters or signs as there are elements or sounds in 
 the English language, and not one of these letters or signs stands 
 for more than one sound or value, hence, every word is to be spelled 
 by just those letters or signs that represent the sound heard in the 
 word one sign for each sound, and no more. For example, the 
 word talk is composed of three Sounds, or elements, t-aw-k; speak is 
 composed of four elements, s-p-e-k; back, three elements, b-a-k; 
 laugh, three elements, l-ah-f; etc. So, in fonografy, there must be 
 just as many signs used in spelling a word as there are elements, or 
 sounds, heard in the pronunciation of the word; three s.igns in spelling 
 talk, because there are but three elements heard; four signs in speak, 
 because there are but four elements heard; and so on, in this way 
 with all the words in the language. 
 
 2d. The letters or signs of the fonografik alfabet are all new 
 and unfamiliar to the learner, the same as a b c are new and un- 
 familiar to the child just learning them, and must be acquired in the 
 same way by memorizing. The child memorizes principally by 
 the repeating process. The adult shortens this process by bringing 
 his mind his judgment his reasoning powers to his assistance. 
 He calls to his aid all the ideas that he can associate in any way 
 with the lessons he is learning, that could avail him any thing in ac- 
 quiring them. The more intelligent the student, the more will he 
 learn by this law of association of ideas. 
 
 The quickest way to learn the alfabet is, First: read it over, 
 noticing the name, sound, form, direction and thickness or shading of 
 each sign. Second: read carefully what is said about the manner of 
 writing the stems whether upward or downward, etc., following the 
 directions given in the TEXT-BOOK, on page 2. Third: write the 
 first eight stems of the alphabet, making and naming them in pairs, 
 accenting the second one of each pair, and repeating words to rhyme 
 with them as follows: 
 
SCOTT-BROWNE'S TEXT-BOOK 
 
 Pe Be, Te De, Cha Ja, Ka Ga; 
 This is for TW* to learn this </ay. 
 
 Also notice that the stems are arranged in the same regular order 
 as the spokes of a wheel, and that there is a thin and ///v& or light 
 
 and heavy spoke to each direction, thus: "/fC" \i/ \l/ 
 which, paired thus: '\Jj^ and separated without breaking their 
 order, appear just as they~are seen in the alfabet: 
 
 \\ II XX = 
 
 Pe Be, Te De, Cha /a, Ka Ga. 
 This > for w^ to learn this aVzy. 
 
 Then write the next eight stems, making and naming them also 
 in pairs, and repeating words that will rhyme with them: 
 Ef Ve, Ith The, Es Ze. Ish Zhe; 
 This too, for me to learn, you j<r<r. 
 
 The remaining stems are unmated and divided into triplets, with 
 words to rhyme, as follows: 
 
 La Er Ra, Em Un Ing; 
 
 Did you say I might sing? 
 
 Wa Ya Hah. 
 
 Yes, ha->4a/ 
 
 Write the alfabet in SCOTT-BROWNE'S FOKOGRAFIK COPY BOOK, 
 following the directions therein given. The last alfabet exercise in 
 the Copy-Book being like the one on page 3 of this book. If the 
 Copy-Book is not used, any blank note-book will do, taking care to 
 have the exercises neatly and correctly written. 
 
 At this point ask why some of the stems are mated differ- 
 ing only in being light and heavy. Answer. Because the elements 
 or sounds represented by the stems of each mated pair are formed 
 alike in the mouth, and are alike, with the exception that the light 
 ones,/, f, etc., are -whispered, while their mates or cognates, b, d, 
 etc., are voiced the voice being heard before the lips separate to 
 give them utterance. Therefore the whispered mated elements are 
 represented by light lines light sound, light stem and the voiced 
 mated elements by heavy lines heavy sound, heavy stem. Pronounc- 
 ing the syllables ap, ab; at, ad; ach, aj; ak, ag; etc., will enable 
 the student to preceive, at once, both the similarity and difference 
 between the mated elements. 
 
 The unmated elements are all voiced except Hah, and are repre- 
 sented by the curved stems that remained after the mated stems were 
 provided for. 
 
OP PHONOGRAPHY. v \\ 
 
 PENS AND PENCILS. 
 
 Practise with either pen or pencil. It is better to be familiar 
 with th? use of both. Let the pen be fine, and the ink clear and 
 black. Hold the pen loosely so that it can be turned easily in writ- 
 ing the outlines of words containing stems made in different direc- 
 tions. Some reporters hold the pen or pencil between the first and 
 second fingers. It is a good way, as the pen is more easily con- 
 trolled and it enables one to write longer without fatigue. Both this 
 and the usual way are recommended each as a rest to the other. 
 Of pencils graded by numbers, use No. 3; of Dixon's pencils, use 
 those marked S. M. (Soft Medium); of the American Fonografic Pen- 
 cils, use those marked S (Soft). 
 
 TIME REQUIRED TO LEARN PHONOGRAPHY. 
 
 Directions faithfully followed and lessons thoroughly learned, 
 together with an hour's daily practise, will enable the average student 
 to master this book in about two months. A month's additional 
 practise, of from two to three hours daily, from another's reading 
 using any common school reading books (from Second to Fourth 
 omitting all the poetry), and good business letters will fit the 
 student to begin the work of receiving dictations of business letters, 
 provided he can spell, punctuate and write longhand, or operate a 
 writing machine well. These three are positiv pre-requisites in a 
 shorthand amanuensis. 
 
 HOW AND WHEN TO PRACTISE. 
 
 In writing after another's reading let the same matter be re- 
 peated three times, at least. This enables the writer to criticise his 
 first effort, make corrections, choose better forms for words, and im- 
 prove generally the appearance of the second effort. The third 
 effort confirms the corrections and improvements of the second and 
 advances one's speed. After writing any thing the third time let the 
 shorthand notes be read as many as two or three times and written 
 out in longhand once. Repetition in writing and reading practise, 
 is one of the secrets of gaining speed in writing and readiness in 
 reading. As progress is made in correctness and speed of writing, 
 the repeating practice can be gradually discontinued. Let the stu- 
 dent always read every thing he writes. One's own notes, after be- 
 coming able to write easily, make better reading exercises than 
 engraved fonografy. Amanuenses and reporters will have no trouble 
 in reading their notes if, during the preparatory course, they faith- 
 fully read every thing they write. 
 
DEFINITION OF FONOGRAFY, 
 ETC. 
 
 FONOGRAFY (Phonography). Any system of writing language 
 in which only the SOUNDS of the SPOKEN word are represented. 
 
 STENOGRAFY. Any system of shorthand writing, using briel 
 alfabetic signs, arbitrary characters, principles of contraction, etc., 
 adequate to the representation and speed of verbatim speech. The 
 term is applied to systems of un-fonetik shorthand. 
 
 STENO-FONOGRAFY. Any system of fonetic shorthand employ- 
 ing the alfabetik signs of stenography, principles of abbreviation 
 and contraction, devices, etc.. adequate to the representation and 
 speed of verbatim speech. 
 
 FONETIKS (Phonetics). The science of the sounds of the human 
 voice. (Webster.) 
 
 FONETIK (Phonetic) or Fonik (Phonic). Relating to the repre- 
 sentation of sounds by characters. (Webster.) 
 
 Fonetik or Fonik Shorthand and Steno- Fonografy both mean 
 one and the same thing. 
 
 The system of Shorthand or Stenografy taught in this book 
 is fonetik or fonografik, and, hence, like all other systems having 
 a fonetik basis, is termed, for brevity, Fonografy instead of Steno- 
 Fonografy, there being no longhand fonografy to require the other 
 as a distinguishing name. 
 
 PRONUNCIATION OF NATURE, QUESTION, ETC. 
 The theoretical pronunciation of the words nature, future, ques- 
 tion, fixture, etc., is not so conveniently or quickly represented in 
 fonografy as the popular pronunciation; therefore this work sanctions 
 the fonografik writing of nachur, fnchur, queschun, fixckur, etc. If 
 the reporter is to write what he hears, he will seldom have occasion 
 to represent other than the popular pronunciation given to this class 
 of words. 
 
LESSON I. 
 
 1. CONSONANT ALFABET. 
 
 FONOGRAFIK 
 STEM or LETTER. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 SOUND. 
 
 POWHR. 
 
 
 \ 
 
 STRA 
 Pe 
 
 IGHT 5 
 P 
 
 5TEMS (MATED). 
 as in .... .... u/ 
 
 e 
 
 V 
 
 Be 
 
 b 
 
 a 
 
 ELEMEN' 
 
 1 
 
 Te 
 De 
 
 t 
 
 d 
 
 it 
 ,, .... .... a\d 
 
 iBRUPT 
 
 f / 
 
 Cha 
 Ja 
 
 ch 
 j 
 
 ,, .... each 
 .... /oy, a^e, edge 
 
 % 
 
 - 
 
 Ka 
 
 k 
 
 ,, .... oa/C% roo, echo 
 
 
 \ , 
 
 Ga 
 
 g 
 
 ,, .... .... e^y, ego 
 
 CURVED STEMS (MATED). 
 
 
 f . 
 
 Ef 
 
 f 
 
 as in .... i/", lau^, phase 
 
 ELEMENTS. 
 
 V 
 
 Ve 
 Ith 
 The 
 
 V 
 
 th 
 dh 
 
 ,, .... eve, Ste//*en 
 ,, .... .... the 
 
 2 
 
 ) 
 
 Es 
 
 s 
 
 ,, .... .... u.r, are 
 
 D 
 Z 
 
 ) 
 
 Ze 
 
 z 
 
 ,, .... .... ooze, as . 
 
 I 
 
 J 
 
 \ J 
 
 Ish 
 Zhe 
 
 sh 
 zh 
 
 ,, .... as h, ocean 
 .... azure 
 
 CURVED AND STRAIGHT STEMS (NOT MATED). 
 
 '/ 
 
 ' /'"upward 
 
 La 
 
 1 
 
 as in .... a/e 
 
 5 a 
 
 ~\ 
 
 Er 
 
 r 
 
 ,, .... .... ear 
 
 1 
 
 ^-upward 
 
 Ra 
 
 r 
 
 ,, .... .... roar 
 
 
 x^^ 
 
 
 
 
 f '" 
 
 ,Em 
 Un 
 Ing 
 
 m 
 
 n 
 ng 
 
 i> aw 
 
 I, SOW? 
 
 Hi "^ 
 
 Wa 
 
 w 
 
 , , .... .... way 
 
 si ^T 
 
 Ya 
 
 y 
 
 .... .... you 
 
 < S ASPl- x** Up- 
 
 3 w \RATE.- ward 
 
 Hah 
 
 h 
 
 ,, .... .... hay 
 
SCOTT.BROWVffS TEXT-BOOK 
 
 MANNER OF WRITING THE STEMS. 
 
 3. The Stems \ Pe, \ Be, \ Te, \ De, / Cha. / /a. 
 are written downward. 
 
 3- . Ka, Ga, are written from left to right. 
 
 4- V_ ^/, V^_ V<* C M. C The, ) Es, ) Ze, _J Zh>., 
 are written downward. 
 
 5. _J fsA is written downward when it is the only stem in a 
 word, but when joined to other stems may be written either up-ro&rd 
 or downward, according to rules given in advanced lessons. Wh en 
 written upward it is named Sha. 
 
 6. f~~ La is written upward when it is the only stem in a word, 
 but when joined to other stems may be written either upward cr 
 downward, according to rules given in advanced lessons. When writ- 
 ten downward it is named El. 
 
 7. ""^ Er is always written downward. 
 
 8. ^ Ra is always written upward. 
 
 9. ^"N Em, x_y Un, y^ Ing, are written from left to right. 
 
 10. ~K Wa, A~ Ya, are written downward. 
 
 11. J^" Hah is always written upward. 
 
 RESUME. 
 
 a. / Ish, written dow nward when it is the only stem in a word. 
 
 Written either upward or downward, according to certain rules, when 
 joined to other stems. Upward name, Sha. 
 
 b. /"~ Za, written upward when it is the only stem in a word. 
 Written either upward or downward, according to certain rules, when 
 joined to other stems. Downward name, El. 
 
 c. ^ Ra, ^ Hah, always written upward. 
 
 
 
 d. Ka, __ Ga, /'-x Ern, ^ Un, v^/ Ing, written from left 
 
 \oright. 9 
 
 g. All the other stems invariably written downward. 
 
 NOTB. Trace and name every one of the stems on page i several times: after 
 which, practise writing them in "Scott-Browne's Phonographic Copy-Book," page i. 
 
OP PHONOGRAPHY. 
 
 3 
 
 12. -EXERCISE TO BE WRITTEN IN COPY-BOOK. 
 Pe, Be, \\ \\\\ \\ \\\\ 
 
 Te, De, | | ........ j| ... | | ....... || ... || | | || 
 
 Cba, Ja, / / ...... //.//.... / ./... ../ / / / / / 
 
 Ka, Ga, ____ __ __ __ 
 
 Ith, The, (.( .......... (.( ..... C.( ........ C( ......... ((... ( ( 
 
 Es, Ze, ).) ...... )...) ........ )...) ......... ))... )) ......... ) ) 
 
 Ish,Zhe,_/_V ...J-J. .. -J -J -J..J -J -J -J -J 
 
 r r.c...c....c...r r r r r r r r 
 
 Em 
 
 Ya. r r .r .r.. r r r r : r" r.. r r_ 
 
 Hah. 
 
 NOTS. For practise on this exercise see page a of " Phonographic Copv-Bo'->k." 
 
SCOTT-BROWNE:^ TEXT-BOOK 
 
 MANNER OF JOINING CONSONANT STEMS. 
 
 13. When two or more stems are used in the outline of a word, 
 they are written without lifting the pen; the next beginning where the 
 preceding one ends. Illustration : 
 
 i 
 p k, n t, r m I, b n t, r r, k k, m m, m ?r. 
 
 14. RULE I. The first downward stem of a consonant outline 
 must end on the line of writing. Illustration: 
 
 / 
 
 _ 
 
 kp t fv, ch k, pp. n I, d t. 
 
 15. RULE II. They?/ upward stem of a consonant outline must 
 begin on the line of writing. Illustration: 
 
 r k, 11, h n, sh I, m r. 
 
 16. Join the following stems without making an angle: 
 
 O ....... C ..... v- .1 ...o 
 
 L 
 
 Ik, p n, thn, In, vg, d f, I r, 
 
 N ^^\ \ 1 
 
 .O . .).. ~>: o^ V^. U . 
 
 Is, m s, m n, m irj, b n%, t n, r sh. 
 
 17. Always make an angle between the following stems: 
 
 f n, v ng, I m, 
 
 18. Curve Em a little more before Ka and a little less before 
 
 Tf, in order to secure sharper angles; thus: ^~X__ m /', 1 HI t. 
 
 Practise on the foregoing outlines until they can be written readily 
 and neatly. 
 
 Read carefully and with patience, the Exercise on the following 
 page, pronouncing aloud, first the name, and then the sound of each 
 stem. Illustration: 
 
 NAMES. SOUNDS. 
 
 V x Pe-Em p m, sounding the p as in ape, leaving of 
 the a; m as in me, leaving off e. 
 
 More. For practise on this exercise see page 3 of " Phonographic Copy-BooV- 
 
OF PHONOGRAPHY. 
 
 19. READING EXERCISE. 
 
 X 
 
 'S 
 
 20. The hook on Hah cannot be made perfectly when Hah is 
 joined to Ja, Ya, etc., but an imperfect hook or of set is made on the 
 stems, which is just as legible to the student as the complete hook, 
 after becoming familiar with it. 
 
 The above Reading Exercise contains the correct consonant out- 
 lines of the following words: 
 
 21. WRITING EXERCISE. 
 
 a. Pope, pub, pity, -pick; bevy, busy, bush, bijou; T^.bby, 
 tidy, tag; .daisy, duly, .door, dame, deny; check, China, cherry; 
 Johnny, gem, jury, Jehu' keep, Ca iy, cage, coffee; Goth, Gus- 
 sie, gush, gaily 
 
 b. Fish, fame; vale, valley, veer, vary; theme, thorough; 
 sewer; zeal; sham, shallow. 
 
 c. Lehigh, lodge, Lena, lung, league, love, lobby, Lizzie, Laura, 
 Alma; arm, ark, early, Aurora; rock, review, rib, rich, ridge, rash, 
 rely, wreath, renew, rear. 
 
 d. Make, mug, meadow, map, move, mail, Mary, maim, money, 
 among, <Mayhew; nap, into, inch, nag, enough, knoweth, noisy, 
 Nash, nail, narrow, anyway, N. Y. {En- Ya), N. H. (En-Jffa/i). , 
 
 e. Await, awoke, Oyer, Yahoo; holy, Harry, honey, ha-ha. 
 
 NOTE. Practise on pages 4 and 5 of "Scott-Browne's Phonographic Copy-Book. ** 
 
SCOTT-BROWN&S TEXT-BOOK 
 
 VOWELS AND VOWELIZATION, 
 
 LE SSON II. 
 POSITIV AND RELATIV VALUES. 
 
 1. The sound for which any sign or letter stands is called the 
 value or power of that sign or letter ; and if that sign or letter never 
 stands for any other value or power never changes its value, but 
 always keeps the same that value is termed fixed, or positiv, or 
 absolute, all three of these words being in use to express the same 
 idea. It has been observed in the foregoing lesson that the values 
 of the fonografik (phonographic) consonant-signs are positiv, fixed, 
 unchanging; that is, p is always/, and d always d, wherever they are 
 written, and never stand for the sound of / or / or any other value 
 than each its own. 
 
 2. But in this lesson it will be noticed that the values of the 
 simple vowel signs are not positiv, but are dependent upon their rela- 
 tion to the consonant stem for their values. To illustrate : A heavy dot 
 written opposit the beginning of a stem thus, I , is called e, but if 
 this same dot is moved down opposit the middle of the stem, thus, 
 
 *| , it is called a, and if moved again down opposit the end of the 
 stem, thus, .1 , it is called ah; thus forming a short scale of three 
 sounds, e, a, ah, the consonant stem being of a convenient size to 
 furnish three distinctly different vowel sounds. By this, then, it is seen 
 that the simple vowel signs do not have fixed values, as it can not be 
 known what to call a dot till it has been placed by the side of a stem; 
 hence, it is said that the vowel signs possess relativ value; that is, 
 their relation to the stem must be shown before it can be known what 
 sound, or value, to giv them. 
 
 3. The vowel signs, then, possess not positiv but relativ value, 
 and are represented by dots and dashes written in three different places 
 by the side of the consonant stem, and made heavy and light to cor- 
 respond with long and short vowel sounds. Heavy signs for long vowels 
 and light signs for short ones. 
 
 THE VOWEL SCALE, OR ALFABET. 
 
 4. There are, in the English language, sixteen simple vowel ele- 
 ments six long, and ten short, and seven compound vowels, or 
 difthongs, as heard in the following words: 
 
OP PHONOGRAPHY. 
 
 LONG VOWELS. 
 
 Bf, err, fare, far, fall, move. 
 
 SHORT VOWELS. 
 
 It, ell, up, cur, at, ask, log, whole, wolf, and |,* 
 the initial element of the difthong, *-&J, heard in the words blue, rue, 
 rude, tune, suit, etc. 
 
 COMPOUND VOWELS, OR DIFTHONGS. 
 
 Ale, old, *ce, oil, owl, true, pure. 
 
 5. For practical reporting purposes it is not found necessary to 
 represent each of these elements with a distinct sign of its own. 
 Eighteen signs are regarded sufficient fourteen simple and four com- 
 pound signs. Two of the seven difthongs a and o are, for reasons 
 not necessary to explain here, classed, in fonografy (phonography), 
 with the simple vowels and represented by simple signs. 
 
 LONG VOWELS AND THEIR SIGNS. 
 
 6. The six long vowels (including a and o), classed together, are 
 
 as follows: 
 
 e a ah aw o oo 
 
 and represented thus: 
 
 : . i : \ ; 
 
 ! ! 
 
 : ! -; 
 
 e a ah aw o oo 
 
 W> g,ive alms all cold toad. 
 
 7. When a vowel sign is written opposit the beginning of a stem 
 it is said to be in the first place; when opposit the middle of a stem, 
 in the second place i when opposit the end of a stem, the third place. 
 
 8. Observe that the beginning or first place, of a vowel, is where 
 the stem begins to be -written. The first place of Pe, Cha, F.f, ft A, etc. , 
 is at the top because that is wheue those stems begin; while the first 
 place of La, Ra, Hah, is at the bottom, because that is where those 
 stems begin. (See next page, lines 2-7, first and fourth columns.) 
 
 9. The dash signs are written at right angles to the consonant 
 stem; that is, in an of posit direction to that of the stem. (See next 
 page, fourth, fifth and sixth columns.) 
 
 10. The consonant portion of a word is written first and the 
 vowel portion afterwards. 
 
 * This sound \* formed in the mouth like the vowel in it, but uttertd like the 
 vowel in up, from the back of the mouth, with the throat as nearly in position for sound- 
 ing & (in K/) as the tongue can allow and preserve tht/arm of I (in it). 
 
TEXT-BOOk 
 
 II. EXERCISE ON LONG VOWELS. 
 
 DOTS. DASHES. 
 
 BEGINNING. MIDDLE. END. BEGINNING. MIDDLE. END. 
 
 I. I"' ; 2nd place. J 3rdplace | "' ^-f 2nd place 
 
 ! 3 rd place. 
 
 Vf-e 
 
 
 %-a-ve 
 
 ah 
 a-lms 
 
 aw 
 a-\\ 
 
 c-*-ld 
 
 CO 
 
 *. r 
 
 . 
 
 1. 
 
 - 
 
 1- 
 
 too 
 
 Te 
 
 ta 
 
 tab 
 
 taw 
 
 toe 
 
 3- 
 Key 
 4- /* 
 
 kay 
 
 kah 
 
 l 
 
 caw 
 
 ~T 
 
 coc 
 
 i 
 
 coo 
 
 ). 
 
 \ 
 
 5- .... ) 
 
 > 
 
 \ 
 
 ) 
 
 y 
 
 6. ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 7-. C . 
 
 r 
 
 .C..... 
 
 C 
 
 ^ 
 
 - / . 
 
 
 8. 
 
 ] 
 
 * 
 
 
 -1 
 
 Eat 
 9. 
 
 ate 
 
 aht 
 
 awt 
 i 
 
 oat 
 
 i 
 
 oot 
 ook 
 
 Eke 
 10. t^_j 
 
 ache 
 
 ahk 
 
 awk 
 
 oak 
 
 . r 
 
 r 
 
 r 
 
 -T... 
 
 f. 
 
 \ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
OF PHONOGRAPHY. 
 
 12. RULK III. Vowels that are read before a consonant are writ- 
 ten to the left of vertical and inclined stems, the same as they would 
 be in longhand, and above horizontal stems, the same as an upper line 
 of writing reads before a lower line. Illustration: 
 
 A\ 
 
 \ 
 
 V 
 
 -( 
 
 } 
 
 .) 
 
 .r 
 
 .r 
 
 ope, 
 
 aid, 
 
 eve. 
 
 oath, 
 
 ace, 
 1 
 
 ooze, 
 
 eel, 
 
 awl, 
 
 ore, eke, ache, oak, aim, e'en, own. 
 
 13. RULE IV. Vowels that are read after a. consonant are writ- 
 ten to the right of vertical and inclined stems, and below horizontal 
 stems. Illustration: 
 
 X 
 
 * |- ^ 
 
 J: ./... 
 
 C ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 bow, tt 
 
 a, dough, fee, 
 
 sow, shoe, 
 
 law, ray. 
 
 hah, 
 
 key, co 
 
 \ " '^ 
 o, gay* may, 
 
 ma, knee, 
 
 neigh, gnaw. 
 
 know. 
 
 14. In naming the letters, or signs, of fonografik (phonographic) 
 words, be careful to get the exact sound for each sign, and, after 
 spelling the words by their correct sounds, be doubly careful to pro- 
 nounce them exactly as they were spelled, Illustration: 
 
 *S a-p, ape, and not dps 
 v-*\ t-a-m, tame, and not tarn; 
 P-N d-o-m, dome, and not dSmj 
 t-a-k, take, not tacks 
 
 b-a-k, bake, not hack; 
 /*] r-a-t, rate, not rat. 
 
 In this way, carefully spell, both by sound and name of each sign, 
 and pronounce, correctly, the fonografik words on page n. 
 
10 SCOTT-BROWNSrS TEXT-BOOK 
 
 15. Do not allow the common, printed spelling to mislead when 
 spelling a word in fonografy. Illustration: 
 
 Ache, d-k, and not a-se-aitch-e: 
 
 coo, k-do, and not te-double-o; 
 
 thatr, Ith-aw, not te-aitch-a-doubleyou; 
 
 eel, e-l, not double-e-l; 
 
 talk, t-aw-k, not t-a-el-k; 
 
 though, The-o, not t-aitch-o-you-je~aitch; 
 
 gale, Ga-a-l, not je-a-l-e; 
 
 shawl, Ish-aw-l, not Es-aitch-a-doubleyou-l; 
 
 rouge, Ra-oo-Zke, not ar-o-you-je-f. 
 
 cage, ^-a^', not se-a-je e. 
 
 16. Write no more signs in a word than there are sounds heard 
 in its pronunciation. Silent letters seen in printed words are never 
 represented in fonografy. Illustration: Know, n-o ^ ' ; gnaw, 
 
 n-aw /W ; see, s-e =- ) ; cope, -<?-/ ' \ 
 
 17. Before writing a word in fonografy pronounce it slowly and 
 then sound all the elements separately, heard in the slow pronunciation, 
 in order to determine the exact sounds, and the correct signs to be 
 written. Illustration: 
 
 Word. Slow pronun- Separate Names of conso- Stem out- Natneofeack Full 
 ciation. sounds. nant stems. line. sound. word 
 
 Zero, zero, z-e-r-o, Ze-Ra i/* Ze-e-Ra-o y( 
 
 Dado, dado, d-a-d-o, De-De 
 
 De-a-De-o 
 
 Cocoa, c o c oa, k-o-k-o, Ka-Ka Ka-o-Ka-o , p- 
 
 Delay, d e 1 ay, d-e-l-a, De-La V~ De-e-La-a pT 
 
 o 
 
 NOTE. Remember that the pen must not be lifted till all the consonant stem* of an 
 outline are written, after which the vowel signs are placed. 
 
OF PHONOGRAPHY. 
 
 11 
 
 18. READING EXERCISE 
 
 ON LONG VOWELS. 
 
 fst Place Vowels. 
 
 T jr . 
 
 t 
 
 2nd Place Vowels. 
 
 A\ ... -I I- /..._,_.. -( >. r ..3 ^ -x <* 
 
 -. \\\r N c N Y_xVvLk 
 
 / ^\ - - - ~ ' ^ - N v l "" * 
 
 ' l^ 1 ""^^ * ^x. /^^ \ f / _ 
 
 I I ' // \. 
 
 jrd Place Vowels, 
 
 .3.\."\..._ r J..v -.^.o... X r 
 
 M-.S V.V...X 
 
12 SCOTT-BROWNE'S TEXT-BOOK 
 
 19. WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 ON THE LONG VOWELS. 
 
 Pea, pa, paw, Po, poo, ape, ope, bay, baa, bow, obey, eat, ate, 
 oat, tea. aid, ode, day, dough, age, Jo, eke, ache, oak, key, coo, 
 gay, fee, fay, foe, eve. oath, thaw, sou, ace, ooze, Shah, shavv, show, 
 shoe, lee, lay, lo, eel, ale, awl, aim, ma, knee, gnaw, woe, woo. yah, 
 yo, haw, hoe, hah. 
 
 Peep, pope, peach, poach, peak, poke, opaque, Peko, peal, 
 pail, pale, Paul, pole, babe, beat, beet, bait, boat, beach, beak, 
 bake, bail, ball, bowl, below, beam, tape, teach, teeth, tail, 
 tall, toll, team, tame, deep, daub, dado, dale, dole, delay, 
 deem, dame, dome, cheap, cheat, Choate, cheek, chalk, choke, 
 Job, joke, jail, keep, cape, cope, coach, cage, cake, coke, keel, 
 coal, comb, gale, goal, game, feed, fade, Feejee, faith, fame ( 
 foam, veto, evoke, vague, vogue, thief, thieve, theme, sheep, shape, 
 Sheik, shake, zeal, leap, lobe, load, leach, liege, leak, lake, leaf, 
 loaf, leave, loathe, leal, lame, leeway, mope, meek, muck, meal, 
 male, mail, mole, maim, knave, 'neath, name, heap, heat, hate, 
 heed, hoed, heath, halo, ho-ho, ha-ha. 
 
 Write Ra for r in the following words, because it begins a -syl 
 lable: 
 
 Ray, raw, r5w, reap, rope, robe, rate, wrought, wrote, reed, 
 raid, road, rowed, reach, rage, wreak, rake, rogue, wreath, 
 wreathe, relay ream, roam, Rome, rear, roar, Reno, zero, Nero, 
 hero. 
 
 Write Er for r in the following words, because it ends a syl- 
 lable 14^ "^ S- >C 
 
 Ore, oar, pier, peer, pour, bier, bore, tear, tore, deer, door, 
 chore, jeer, fear, four, veer, shear, shore, leer, lore. 
 
 Write El (downward) for /in the following words, because it is 
 final and preceded by either f, v or the upward r, in which case it 
 must be written downward: 
 
 Fail, foal, veal, vale, reel, rail. 
 
 Write Sha and La (both upward) for ih and / in the following 
 words, because they make the best joining: 
 
 Shawl, shoal, shield, leash. 
 
OF PHONOGRAPHY. 1JJ 
 
 LE SSON III. 
 
 SHORT VOWELS. 
 
 i. The six short vowels, classed together, are heard in the fol- 
 lowing syllables: 
 
 *(t) 4t) <f(t) <7(t) *(t) MO 
 
 and are represented thus: 
 
 i 
 
 It 
 
 I 
 
 fell 
 
 a 
 flat 
 
 d 
 on 
 
 u 
 pap's 
 
 M 
 
 foot 
 
 ask CUT 
 
 2. The six long and six short vowels may be easily memorized 
 by repeating the following words containing them: 
 
 Wtf gave alms all cold food. 
 
 e a a & 6 do 
 
 7t fell flat on pup's foot, 
 
 it et at ot ut oot 
 
 3. Rules for writing vowels heard between STEM CONSONANTS: 
 
 RULE V. ALL first place and the two long second place 
 vowels, a and o, are written after the first consonant. Illustration: 
 
 peak big talk dock bake dome cake comb. 
 
 RULE VI. ALL the third place and the two SHORT second place 
 vowels, /and u, are written before the second consonant. Illustration: 
 
 palm ooom tack took neck numb 
 
 NOTE. If first place vowels were written before the second stem, 
 and third place vowels after the first stem, it would bring the vowel 
 signs within the angles, and then it could not be told whether the 
 vowel was a first place one to the second stem or a third place one to 
 the first stem. Illustration: v-x \ It cannot be told whether 
 the first word is balm or beam, or the second word, pack or fick; but 
 
14 
 
 SCOTT.BROWNES TEXT-BOOK 
 
 by applying Rule V. the following word, v N , is known to be beam, 
 and by applying Rule VI. this word, v^^ , is known to be balm. 
 4. The second place vowels could be written to either stem, but 
 to make an equal division of the signs to each stem it was thought 
 best by Mr. Pitman to write the long ones to the first and the short 
 ones to the second stem, which added to the legibility of such 
 words as X bake, \_^_ beck, \^ dome, [^ dumb, etc., when in 
 careless or rapid writing the size of the vowel was not accurate. 
 
 5. READING EXERCISE 
 
 ON SHORT VOWELS. 
 
 *|et ,|at jot ~|ut 
 
 ft fell flat oa pp'i 
 
 rst Place Vowels. 
 
 I. 
 
 .1. 
 
 _|oot 
 
 iaal. 
 
OF PHONOGRAPHY. 
 
 Place Vowels. 
 
 6. WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 ON SHORT VOWELS. 
 
 Ebb, abby, odd, eddy, add, itch, etch, edge, echo, egg, ash, ill, 
 ell, Ella, alley, Emma, Anna, pity, petty, patty, putty, pod, pitch, 
 patch, pick, peck, pack, Puck, pig, pygmy, peg, pug, pith, 
 pussy, push, pill, pull, pully, pink, batch, badge, budge, back, book, 
 big, beg, bag, bog, bug, buggy, bevy, busy, bush, bushy, bijou, bill, 
 billow, bell, ballet (ballay), bung, tip, tap, top, tub, attach, touch, 
 tick, tack, attack, tuck, attic, tag, tug, taffy, tally, tarry, Tenney ) 
 tung, tank, dip, ditty, oddity, dig, dog, dug, death, doth, dell, dull, 
 dally, doll, dim, dumb, ding, dong, chip, chap, chop, chat, chick, 
 check, chill, chilly, chimney, chink, jib, job, jet, jut, Judd, judge, 
 Jack, jockey, jig, jag, jog, jug, gill, jelly, jolly, gem, Jennie, 
 Johnnie, Kipp, cab, cob, cub, Kitty, catch, cudgel, Cudjo, kick, cook, 
 keg, cog, coffee, caf6, kith, cash, calla, callow, king, kink, gig, gag, 
 Goth, gush, galley, gull, gully, gum, guinea, gang, gong, fob, fitch, 
 fetch, fudge, fag, fog, foggy, fellow, fallow, follow, Fanny, funny, 
 fang, valley, volley, vim, thatch, thick, thicket, thumb, thong, zinc, 
 ship, shop, shabby, shadow, shock, shook, shaggy, sham, shank, 
 lip, lap, lop, elbow, Libby, lobby, lad, laddie, ledge, allege, lodge, 
 lick, lack, lock, locket, luck, lucky, look, live, love, lofty, loth, lilly, 
 loll, lull, limb, lamb, rally, map, mop, mob, Mattie, meadow, match, 
 mock, muck* mug, miff, muff, myth, moth, mash, mush, mashed, 
 mill, milk, mellow, mum, mummy, Minnie, Moony, many, monk, 
 nip, nap, knap, nib, knob, Netie, niche, notch, nudge, nick, neck, 
 knack, knock, nook, knag, nag, gnash, unlucky, ninny, Nancy, 
 
16 SCOTT-BROWNE'S TEXT-BOOK. 
 
 APPLICATION OF R STEMS. 
 
 The rules governing the uses of upward and downward J? can- 
 not be given till all the modifications of consonants have been 
 presented. Chapter XII. of PART II. TEXT-BOOK treats of the 
 r-stems in all their relations, the first part of which chapter would 
 be helpful for the student to examine in this connection. 
 
 Observe the engravings thruout this book for the uses of upward 
 and downward r, as the correct employment of these stems will pre- 
 serve legibility in phonographic outlines. 
 
 Write Er, (downward r), in ending a syllable, thus- Ear, oar, o'er, 
 ark, peer, par, fore, poor, tear, tore, fear, Ehrich. 
 
 Write J?a (upward r) when beginning a syllable, thus: (i.) Rock, 
 rug, rack, rig, rip, rap, rot, rut, rib, red, rich, wretch, rook, 
 ring, rim, rum, ram; (2) when terminating the consonant form of a 
 word and followed by a vowel, thus ; Perry, Parry, bury, berry, 
 cherry, ferry, Ferric; (3) when followed by/", v, th, dh. s, z, t, d, ch or 
 _/, thus: Roof, reeve, Orth, wreathe, urso, razee, art, arrayed, arch, 
 ridge, (4) when r immediately follows k, g, m, th, or dh, thus: Core- 
 geer, mar, theory, thoraic; (5) when r follows Ra or Hah, thus: 
 Rear, roar, Harry, hurry, hero. 
 
 APPLICATION OF THE L STEM. 
 
 The rules governing the uses of upward and downward L cannot 
 be given till all the modifications of consonant stems have been ex- 
 plained. Chapter XIII. of PART II. TEXT-BOOK treates the /-stem 
 in all its relations, the sections of which chapter, referred to below, 
 could be examined to advantage in this connection. 
 
 The upward and downward /, unlike the upward and downward 
 r is not written in these ways so much for legibility as to favor speed 
 of writing. The only place where illegibility or conflict could occur 
 is where the first and second rules (below) are violated. 
 
 Write El (downward /) when preceded by a vowel and followed 
 by k, g, or m, thus: (i). elk, alack, elect, Alieghany, alum, elm; 
 (2.) When final, and immediately following/", v, th, I, Ra and h, thus: 
 lull, rill, hill (see section 5 of page 66, Part II.); (3.) When preceded 
 by n or tig, thus: Nellie, kingly,' knell, (see section 3, page 65, Part 
 II.): (4.) When followed by the consonant stems g, n, or ng, thus: 
 log, lag, leg, Ilion, Olney, lung, Lang, lank. 
 
 La (upward /) is used in all other cases; see sections 2, 4 and 6 
 of Part II.. Chapter XIII., and when Part I. is finished and thai 
 chapter reached in the study of Part II. it must be thoroly mastered. 
 
PHONOGRAPHY. 17 
 
 LESSON IV. 
 
 EXTRA VOWELS 
 
 AND THEIR SIGNS. 
 
 1. The vowels ? in her and & in dare are not classed in their 
 proper places with the other long vowels, partly on account of such 
 an arrangement breaking up the usual six-vowel order of long and 
 short vowels, and partly because some fonografik authors do not pro- 
 vide for their representation, but use as substitutes either the second 
 place light dot I for the sound of e in her and i in sir or the light dash 
 for u in cur, and the second place heavy dot a for the vowel in dare. 
 It is much better that these distinct sounds have distinct signs of their 
 own, and this book provides pfoper representation for them as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 2. A light dash written in second place, parallel with the stem 
 for the vowel in her, sir, etc., and in third place, parallel with the 
 
 stem, for the vowel in dare. Illustration: ^\ err ( l~ Goethe 
 (Ge(r)tuh), rt air, V/ fairy. 
 
 / 3. The vowel in ask, past, alas, etc., is the true short mate of 
 the vowel in. far, the correct sign for which is the third place light dot 
 used also to represent the sharper vowel heard in rat, which is the 
 short mate of the vowel heard in air, dare, etc. On account of the 
 similarity of these two vowels it/is not necessary, for reporting pur- 
 poses, to have two distinct signs. Should a distinct sign be required, 
 in order to teach exact pronunciation, the light third place parallel 
 dash can be used to represent the short vowel in rat, and the same 
 sign made heavy to represent the long vowel in dare. 
 
 4. The vowel heard in cur, work, journey, etc., is more of a 
 
 guttura than the one heard in earnest, mercy, girl, etc., and is repre- 
 
 senied by the second place light dash, as 1 in cup. 
 
 5. READING EXERCISE 
 
 ON EXTRA VOWELS. 
 
15 
 
 SCOTT-BROVTiriFS TEXT-BOOK 
 
 6. WRITING EXERCISE. 
 
 ON EXTRA VOWELS. 
 
 Goethe, Percy, (Ra for r), mercy. 
 
 Write Er for r in the following words: 
 
 Herb, herbage, herbal, earl, early, ergo, air, airy, pair, pare, 
 pear, bear, bare, barely, tare, dare, Adair, fare, fair, affair, lair. 
 
 Write Ra for rin the following wo^ds: Fairy, Thayer, rare, mare, 
 rarer (three lengths of Ra), thus: ^^^ 
 
 Fair day. Percy came early. Poor, cheap fare. Rare, early pear. 
 
 PUNCTUATION, CAPITALS, EMPHASIS. 
 i. Th* punctuation marks used in fonografic writing are: 
 
 "I 
 | 
 
 .PERIOD Used at the end of 
 complete sentences. 
 
 ..DASH Used in a break of 
 sentences. 
 
 ..PARENTHESIS Used to en- 
 close parenthetical remarks. 
 
 BRACKET Used to enclose re- 
 marks by reporter or editor. 
 
 HYPHEN Used to indicate 
 compound words. 
 
 9 
 
 i". 
 
 EMPHASIS Used to indicate 
 
 emphatic words and sen- 
 
 tences. 
 
 CAPITALIZER Used to denote 
 
 capitalization or name, and 
 the words equal to. 
 
 ......PLEASANTRY OR LAUGHTER 
 
 > Used to denote mirthful 
 feeling. 
 
 INTERROGATION Used to de" 
 
 note a question. 
 
 EXCLAMATION Used to indi- 
 cate feeling, pathos, won- 
 der or surprise. 
 
 All other punctuation marks used in writing and printing must 
 be supplied in the transcripts made of one's shorthand notes. 
 
 2. Capital letters are indicated thus: 
 
 E, , O, Y' N. Y., ^"^ Lima> 
 
 3. In letter writing, or in memoranda, the vowel initials of 
 xi names, if preferred, can be expressed by their signs written in the 
 
 correct vowel place by side of the cancelled Te stem, thus- 
 
 IE, - T o. 
 
 4. To indicate emphasis in print, words are set in italic letters. 
 To indicate emphasis in longhand writing, words are underscored by 
 a straight, horizontal line. To indicate emphasis in fonografic writ- 
 ing, words are underscored by a waved line. Illustration: 
 
 Best 
 
 (7 
 
OF PHONOGRAPHY. 19 
 
 LESSON V. 
 
 DIFTHONGS, OR COMPOUND VOWELS. 
 
 i oi ow ew 
 
 My boy's awl fiezo. 
 
 DIFTHONG SIGNS. 
 
 2. The difthong signs are derived from the letter \S , or in- 
 clined cross,- thus: 
 
 Observe that in writing these signs, the angle should be made 
 sharper than is shown in the cross. 
 
 3. The difthong signs possess fixed values, and are written in 
 the most convenient place, usually the third place. 
 
 4. The difthong following r, as in rude, rumor, rule, etc., is not 
 so sharp as that heard \npure, cure, beauty, etc., but the same sign is 
 used to represent both. 
 
 5. Initial difthongs should be written first, and, if convenient, 
 joined to the following stem. Illustration: I. Ida, ^, ivy, J ice. 
 
 6. READING EXERCISE 
 
 ON DIFTHONGS. 
 
 W (y. X 5J *) J, 
 
 V. 
 
 A 
 
20 SCOTT.RROWN&S TEXT- BOOK 
 
 7. WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 ON DIFTHONGS. 
 
 Pie, tie, Ida, Ike, Guy, fie, vie, ivy, thigh, sigh, ice, eyes, shy, 
 He, lye, ally, nigh, high, isle, aisle, pipe, pike, pile, abide, byway, 
 tidy, tithe, time, tiny, dike, dime, idol, chime, China, jibe, kite, 
 chyle, chyme, guide, guile, Fido, five, shiny, like, life, alive, lime, 
 imbibe, mighty, mile, knife, hypo, height, hide. 
 
 Boy, boil, toy, toil, joy, coy, coil, Voy, avoid, alloy, oil, annoy, 
 noisy, ahoy. 
 
 Bow, Dow, cow, vow, row, owl, owlish (piv-La-Sha), chow-chow, 
 couch, gouge, fowl, foul, avowed, vouch, loud, mouth. 
 
 Pew, dew, adieu, due, chew, Jew, cue, thew, Sue, lieu, hew, hue, 
 Hugh, huge, beauty, duty, dupe, duke, eschew, juror, juicy, July, 
 Jehu, cube, imbue, mule. 
 
 Write Er for r in the following words: Ire, pyre, attire, dire, 
 gyre (Ja-Er), fire, lyre, tire, Irish (i-Er-Ish], toiler, lure, allure 
 (El-Er). 
 
 Write /v'a for r in the following words: Rye, wry, ripe, right, 
 rite, write, Wright, arrive, writhe, irate, aright, mire, roy, roil (Ra- 
 El), roilly ('\a-La}, rout, rowdy, rue, pursue, bureau, jury, fury, 
 furore, rude, review. 
 
 V\"rite El for / in the following words: File, Nile, foil, roil, 
 lloy' e . fowl, foul. 
 
OP PHONO GRAPHY. 
 
 LESSON VI 
 
 JOINED VOWEL-TICKS. 
 
 i. A vowel (belonging either to the dot or dash class), following 
 a difthong, is more quickly and conveniently represented by a small 
 tick joined to the difthong sign, and written in the direction of Te 
 on oi and ew, and of Ka on i and ow. 
 
 2. READING EXERCISE 
 
 ON JOINED VOWEL TICKS. 
 
 3. WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 ON JOINED VOWEL TICKS. 
 
 Iota, Iowa, lona, piety, pious, bias, Tioga, diet, dial, Viola, 
 scion, Zion, boyish, coyish, voyage, towel, dewy, Dewey, Jewess, 
 duel, dual, jewel, Jewish, Shuey, annuity. 
 
 Write Er for r in the following words: Dyer, power, tower, 
 dower, shower, jeweler, fewer, sewer, newer. 
 
 Write Ra for r\\\ the following words: Diary, fiery, riot, Ryan, 
 miry, higher, royal (Ka-El) royally (fia-La), cower, Rowell (Ra-EI), 
 jewelry, ruin, renewal (^/stem), hewer. 
 
 Write El for / in the following words: Vial, viol, lion, royal, 
 vowel, Roweil, Howell, fuel, Newell, renewal. 
 
23 SCOTT.&ROWN&S TEXT-BOOK 
 
 CIRCLES AND LOOPS. 
 
 LESSON VII. 
 
 BRIEF ADDITIONAL SIGNS FOR 5 AND Z. 
 
 1. The frequently occurring sounds of s and * are, in a large 
 class of words, represented by a small circle, o , named Is or /z, used 
 at the beginning of stems, between stems, and at the end of stems, 
 thus securing convenience in joining, brevity of outline, and greater 
 ease and rapidity in writing. 
 
 2. The circle is joined to straight stems by a leftward motion 
 of the pen, moving in three distinct directions, as shown in this little 
 square joined initially to the Pe stem, \ , while a fourth direction 
 forms the stem. 
 
 3. The circle is always written on the concave side of a curve 
 thus: ^_ 
 
 4. In joining the circle to any stem, either initially or finally, 
 let the first and last movements be at right angles with the stem. 
 Illustration: 
 
 .S*..N. ....L C 66. t_fl o_C... </ J ...... ^. 
 
 ^.o Vo> CC <yO cu^o/ fa C* <T^> <Ob b ^ ^ 
 
 Let the learner practise on the squares until without their aid a 
 perfect circle can be easily formed. 
 
 5. The circle has no effect upon vowelization. A vowel heard 
 either before or after a consonant represented by a stem is always 
 written before or after the stem, whether a circle is on the stem or 
 
 \p v q 1 *P 
 
 up. \, tup, \v pie, \v spy, eat, seat, 
 
 _L_ ache, QJ!_ sake. 
 
 6. A vowel is never read before an initial circle. The initial 
 circle always reads first, and then any vowel that may be before the 
 stem, and then the stem, and then any vowel that may follow the 
 
 stem. Illustration: \ settee, .jy- satiety, ~\. soda. See page 24. 
 line 4. 
 
OP PHONOGRAPHY. 
 
 7. Initial s is expressed on the Hah stem by a circle in the place 
 of the hook. Illustration: <5*C" Soho. See line 4, seventh and eighth 
 words of page 24. 
 
 8. Initial z is always represented by the stem. See page 25, 
 line 16. 
 
 9. The circle at the end of stems is always read last. A vowel 
 cannot read after a circle because the circle furnishes no places in 
 which three different vowels could be written. See page 24, line 5. 
 
 10. A circle between two straight stems running in the same 
 direction, is written by the same motion of the pen as the circle on a 
 single straight stem. See page 24, line 6. 
 
 11. A circle between straight stems, struck in different directions, 
 is written outside of the angle. See page 24, line 7. 
 
 12. A circle between a straight line and a curve, is always written 
 on the concave side of the curve. See page 25, line 8. 
 
 13. A circle between Em and any other curve, when it cannot 
 come within the curve of both stems, is written on the concave side 
 of Em. See page 25, line 9. 
 
 14. A circle between Ef, Un, and La, and between La and Ve, 
 and La and Ith, is written on the concave side of La. See page 25, 
 line 10. 
 
 15. The circle between other curve combinations is written on 
 the concave side of both curves. See page 25, line n. 
 
 LARGE CIRCLE FOR SES, SEZ, ZEZ. 
 
 1 6. The double sound of s or z ses, see, zezis expressed by a 
 large circle in such words as 
 
 \o ........ <o ........ 6 
 
 passes, possess, teases, possessed, excessive, races. 
 
 17. The use of a double-sized circle to express the double sound 
 of s and z, allows the plural ending of words to be formed in analogy 
 with words in the singular number terminating with the small circle. 
 Illustration: 
 
 piece, pieces, case, cases, rose, 
 
24 SCOTT-BROWNE 'S TEXT-BOOK 
 
 also the third person singular of such verbs as end with the small 
 circle is expressed with the large circle. Illustration: 
 
 .................. C ............. 6 .................. A ... ........ ^_ .............. 
 
 toss, tosses, rise, rises. 
 
 See page 25, lines 12 and 13. 
 
 18. A third sound of s following ses, sez, zez, is expressed by a 
 small circle on the back of the large circle. Illustration: 
 
 possesses, abscesses, excesses, successes, recesses. 
 
 See page 25, line 14. 
 
 19. The vowel /, heard in sez, is never written; but if any atfar 
 vowel than / occurs between the s or z sounds, it is written if legi- 
 bility requires it. Illustration: 
 
 exist, exhaust, basis, bases, 
 
 See page 25, line 15. 
 
 Initial Z must be expressed by the stem. See line 16, page 25. 
 ao. READING EXERCISE 
 
 ON CIRCLES. 
 
 -** ....... \ ....... :\ ..... f ...... f- ...... Ov <r vf * 
 
 2 '/ f. ....... &_ ..... 04, ...... oJL...i_ ^ o_ o__ A o_: 
 
 3-^.. ^ ..:*> ....... v ). j .c.. ^ Ji ^ ^ 
 
 4-f -f. o^. ^ K....V V< o^' tf V (5^ 
 
 5.x V X ..... V ....... f t /* / ,. x 
 
 6 - L- 
 
 r 
 
 -- IVr. t ..... T^s '~\ Tf 
 
OP PHONOGRAPHY. 
 
 r.....T c...c 
 
 ai. WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 ON CIRCLES. 
 
 Soap, soup, sips, saps, seat, stays, stows, stew, suit, sight, sty, 
 seed, said, sad, sawed, sowed, soda, suds, seeds, sage, sages, seig. , 
 sedge, sausages, seek, sake, sick, sacks, success, successes, Sussex, 
 sag, sago, safe, sofa, save, seive, sythe, size, sizes, seize, seizes, 
 sash, sashes, seal, seals, sails, sale, solo, sorry, sorrows, sore, sere, 
 sour, sire, sir, Sam, seam, sum, psalm, sin, son, sun, sane, sign, 
 sneeze, snows, sing, sang, sung, sway, sways, Swiss, Soho, Sahara. 
 
 Pass, piece, peace, passes, pieces, pace, paces, pause, pauses, 
 posses, possesses, base, bays, boys, abase, abases, abuse, abscess, 
 abscesses, tease, teases, days, dose, doze, dozes, disease, diseases, 
 cheese, cheeses, chase, chews, etches, ages, joys, Jews, juice, rejoice, 
 rejoices, kiss, kisses, Cass, Cass's, case, cases, oaks., aches, echoes, 
 ox, ax, axes, axis, axes, excess, excesses, excuse, excuses, exercise, 
 exercises, exercised, guess, guesses, gaze, geese, goose, gas, gases, 
 gauze, Guy's, face, faces, vase, vases, vice, vices, voice, voices 
 
26 SCOTT-BROWNS S TEXT-BOOK 
 
 rows, views, reviews, thighs, oaths, shows, shoes, ashes, lace, laces ( 
 loose, looses, lose, loses, lease, allays, alleys, Ellis, Alice, raise, (Ra 
 for r) raises, race, races, recess, recesses, rise; arise, (Er for r) arises, 
 arouse, arouses, erase, erases, ears, oars, errs, airs, miss, misses, 
 muss, aims, noise, annoys, noises, nose, niece, nice, ounce, ounces, 
 woes, woos, yeas, hose, haze, hiss, hisses, house, houses, hews, 
 hues, Hughes, hies, Hayes, pushes, bushes, tushes (upward stem, SAa t 
 for sh following Te, De, Ef, La, Ra, and Hah), dishes, dashes, fishes, 
 lashes, luscious, rushes, hushes, possessed, pacify, passive, passeth, 
 pestle (p-s-l), puzzle, poison, obesity, beset, besides, beseech, basks, 
 abusive, bustle (b-s-l), baser, besom, business, basin, baseness, ab. 
 sence, upset, tasty, outside, task, tassel, teasel, desk, dusk, dusky, 
 dusty, decides, decisive, diseased, docile (either upward or downard /), 
 desire, desirous, disrobe, dislike, dispels, disloyal, dozen, Chesapeake, 
 chosen, chisel, Jason, jostle, cusp, cask, cassock, excessive, chasm, 
 cosmos, cousin, Casino, castle (k-s-f), Castile (k-s-t-l), gasp, gossip, 
 gusto, guzzle, fiasco, fizzle (El stem), fos.l, vessel, vassal, visage, 
 thistle (El stem), .lisp, receive (r-s-v), misty, mask, listen (El stem) 
 lessen, lesson, loosen, reason, risen, rosin, resume remiss, missile, 
 muzzle, music, musk, mosque, mistletoe (w-z-/i, mouser (Ra stem), 
 miser, misery, honesty, nasty, necessity, necessary, nestle, nozzle, 
 insist, resist, subsist, desist, system, scissors, saucer, season, Susan, 
 schism, Sicily, successive, unsafe, unseen, Owasco, anxiety, anxious 
 (Ing-Ish-ls), hasty, hastily, husk, hassock, husky, hustle (La stem), 
 hasten, Hosannah, hussar (.Ka stem'* 
 
 SHORT SENTENCES. 
 
 Miss Dewey's roses. Laura's peaches. Olive's mosses. Leave 
 Johnny's books. Naughty Darius Howe chews gum. Katie 
 loves nice, rich coffee. Miss Lillie Snow ate savory soup 
 Choose right ways. Resist laziness. Lizzie eats ripe, juicy pears. 
 Maurice's slow coacii. Sadie's ice houses. Newell Dyer's sons rise 
 early. Viola passes Jennie's house. Sadie supposes wrongs. Lucy 
 loves Johnny. , Susan rose sad. Lizzie sings Katie's merry song. 
 Johnny's cows '-eat husks. Dogs chase cows. Mollie hates snow. 
 Chicago's chime-bells ring merry music. Tommy's owl cats mice- 
 Honesty satisfies reason. Boys leap slow. Lena loves rainj 
 days. Seek happiness. 
 
Of PHONOGRAPHY. 87 
 
 LESSON VIII. 
 
 LOOPS FOR ST AND STX. 
 
 1. A small loop written initially on stems expresses initial st 
 sounds; written finally, expresses final st or zd sounds. Illustration: 
 
 \ step, '] state, cs_ steak, .f~ still, J star, tS starry, 
 er\ stem .^I> stony, ^- past or passed, *=> guest or guessed, s~** 
 mist or missed, "^-J? honest, ^i< abused, f* gazed, & Caroused, ^A 
 housed. See lines 1-3 below. 
 
 2. A large final loop on stems expresses str. Illustration: 
 ^. pastor, o~ toaster, vb" faster, r^ Lester, 0' yester. See 
 line 4 below. 
 
 3. A circle in written on the back of loops to express s or t fol- 
 
 v/ \/ 
 
 lowing st or t/r. Illustration: ** posts, **> pesters. See line 5 
 below. 
 
 4. The loops can be used in the middle of words provided, at 
 the point of junction, the stems do not cross each other. If the stems 
 cross, the loop is reduced to the value of the s circle. Illustration: 
 t ' destiny, 5>0t testify, u. yesterday. See line 6 below. 
 
 5. READING EXERCISE 
 
 ON ST AND STR LOOP. 
 
 I..' \ A. ..'!. 
 
 V V ( 1 / \ s 
 
 2. ;\> x .& .fc< ^ t ^ ..Ss ...t7... ,/* 
 
 ^ /? "~X S"^? / ^" -; 
 
 4-..Xi tr / ^ ^5 ...(9.... ^ ^ ko 
 
28 SCOTT-BROWtfFS TEXT-BOOK 
 
 6. WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 ON ST AND STR LOOPS. 
 
 Steep, step, stop, stoop, stab, stub, stale, stout, steady, study, 
 stitch, stage, steak, stake, stick, stack, stalk, stock, stuck, stucco, 
 stag, stiff, stuff, staff, stave, stove, Stacy, steal, steel, stale, stall 
 stole, stool, still, stilly, Stella, style, steer, star, store, starry, story, 
 steam, stem, stony, sting, stung. 
 
 Pieced, paste, paced, pest, pester, past, passed, posts, posters, 
 beasts, baste, boasts, boaster, boost, bust, busts, abased, abused, 
 teased, taste, toast, toaster, tests, attest, dost, dust, dusters, adduced, 
 doused, chaste, chased, chests, Chester's, jests, joist, cased, kissed, 
 .ast, castor, coast, coaster, costs, Custer's, gazed, guests, guessed, 
 ghosts, aghast, feasts, faced, fist, fast, faster, fussed, Foster, vest, 
 vast, vaster, least, laced, list, lest, Lester's, last, luster, loosed, 
 erased, erst, arrest, aroused, raced, roast, roaster, wris* mst. roused, 
 roosts, roosters, mists, missed, ists, masters, amassed, amused, 
 most, musters, nests, Nast, honest, Nestor, songster, song- 
 
 sters, waste, waists, West, Wistar, Worcester (Wooster), yeast, 
 yester. 
 
 Artist (Ra for r), artists, reduced, richest, rejoiced, refused, re- 
 rised, upraised, ballast, tallest, utmost, teamster, dullest, coolest, 
 calmest, mildest, forests, forester, fensed, evinced, announced, 
 
 7- SHORT SENTENCES. 
 
 Lester likes rest. Teamster Post chased Chester West. Wistar's 
 stomache stuff. Worcester's best yeast. Coolest, dullest^ tallest for- 
 ester. Songsters sing artistic music, announced. Stella's music kissed 
 starry luster in stilly eve. Jack's master testifies last. Costly stove 
 paste. Jesters master songsters. Teamsters waste costly dusters. 
 Artistic songsters master music. Hester testifies lest ministers 
 sophistry master reason. 
 
OF PHONOGRAPHY. 29 
 
 SEMICIRCLES AND HOOK. 
 
 LESSON IX. 
 
 BRIEF SIGNS FOR WA AND YA. 
 
 SEMICIRCLES. 
 
 < We; 3 wa, y/, A YU. 
 
 1. Small semicircles for w and y are employed in a large class 
 of words, adding greatly to legibility, and facilitating ease and speed 
 of writing. Illustration: 
 
 .A k i ; ^.....i ^ **-'. 
 
 weep, -web, waits, watch, walks, yacht, yokes, unyoke, yellow. 
 
 2. The small circle is conveniently written within W/and W& 
 signs to exoress sw in certain words. Illustration: 
 
 A 1. L ...o... 
 
 sweep, sweet, swig, swings, suavity, 
 
 WA HOOK ON LA, RA, EM, UN. 
 
 3. Brief Wa is joined to La, Ra, Em, and Un, as a hook. Illus- 
 tration: (j wail, ^ wore, <rS wem, ^_^ wen. See next page, lines 6-7. 
 
 4. The circle for initial s is written on the Wa hook of Ra, but 
 never on the hooks of La, Em, and Un the circle and Wa stem 
 being used for sw preceding these three stems. Illustration: e^ swore, 
 <r Y^ > swells. See next page, line 8. 
 
 VI, YOI, vow. 
 
 5. The trifthongs yi, yoi, yow, are expressed by brief Ya joined 
 to the difthong signs. Illustration: 
 
 genii, Honeoye, meow. 
 
 NOTE (a). In joining Wu to Pe, Be, Ka, Ga, and Ing, observe 
 that the motions of the pen are similar to those made in forming a 
 plain figure z. 
 
 (6). In joining Wf to Te, De, Cha, Ja, and Ish, observe that 
 the motions of the pen are like those made in forming a figure 9, 
 vvhile Yl is joined to Te, De, and Ith, by a motion similar to th? f in 
 .mi ing a figure 7. 
 
80 SCOTT-BROWNS: s TEXT-BOOK 
 
 6. READING EXERCISE 
 
 7. WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 ON BRIEF WA AND YA SIGNS. 
 
 Wipe, web, Webster, witty, wittily, wet, wettest, wait, witticism, 
 weeds, wade, wades, widows, widest, witch, bewitch, watch, wage, 
 wedge, weak, wake, walk, woke, wicks, wax, waxes, waxed, wigs, 
 wife, waif, woof, weave, weaves, wives, withe, wash, wing, wings. 
 
 Sweep, swop, swoop, swab, sweet, sweeter, sweetest, sweetly, 
 weat, Swede, swayed, switch, swig, suave, suavity, swath, swathe, 
 swash, swing, swung, assuage, assuages, unswayed, unswathe, 
 Zouave. 
 
 Weal, wail, wall, wallow, wool, wooly, Wallace, Willis, Wells, 
 willow, welcome, wellfare, wealth, unwell, unwieldy, unwelcome, 
 wealthy, Willoughby, war, wore, weary, wary, worry, wear, ware, 
 wares, beware, worse, worst, worth, worthless, worthy, unworthy, 
 warm, worm, wormwood, swore, swear, swears, soiree, swarm, 
 swarms, swarthy, wammel, wem, wean, wane, win, wins, winnow, 
 wtn, wan, won, wanes, wince, winces, winced, windy, window. 
 
OF PHONOGRAPHY. 
 
 31 
 
 queen, queenly, quince, quinces, equinox, twine, twines, entwine, 
 twin, twins, twain, twinge, twinges, piquancy, twirl, queer, qualm, 
 wigwam, quincy, quench, quinzy, quantum, Dwinnell, quano, query, 
 quarry, Edwin. 
 
 Yacht, yoke, unyoke, yak, youth, Uriah, Yulee, Yale, yell, 
 yellow, yellowish, (upward stem for sA), yawl, yelp, yelk, yore, 
 (Er stem), yarrow, (fia s'.em), yam, yon, yawns, Eunice, uinique, 
 unity, young, youngster, yank. 
 
 Genii, Honeoye, meow. 
 
 8. SHORT SENTENCES. 
 
 Willie Wallace works. Willie Woods sings sweetly. Eunice 
 waxes warm. Young Yulee's yacht. Worthy's young wife. Win- 
 nie's weak kitty " meows " Wednesday. Yellow dogs wag yellow 
 tails. Wet dogs yelp. Willis sweeps. Edwin's wife walks Wednes- 
 day. Wage war young swells, unworthy youths. Willie's bees 
 swarm warm windy wet days. Swing young wives sweetly. Dis- 
 suade Webster's unwelcome youngster. Welcome wealth, worthy 
 youths. 
 
83 
 
 SCOTT.BROWNSTS TEXT-BOOK 
 
 LESSON X. 
 
 BRIEF WA AND YA SIGNS DISJOINED. 
 
 1. The semicircles for the coalescents, W(od) Y(e) cannot be con- 
 veniently joined between stems or at the end of stems, in a large 
 class of words especially words containing the y(e) element and 
 are, therefore, disjoined and written in the vowel places, taking the 
 order of vowel sounds and made heavy when in the place of long 
 vowels and light when in the place of short ones. 
 
 2. Tabular view of brief Wa and Ya in vowel places: 
 
 WA SERIES. 
 
 wit 
 wet 
 wag 
 
 wot 
 
 WUIl 
 
 wool 
 
 yit 
 
 yet 
 
 yak 
 
 yon 
 
 Yucatan 
 
 
 Long. 
 
 
 
 
 Short. 
 
 we 
 
 in 
 
 week 
 
 
 c wl 
 
 in 
 
 wa 
 
 
 
 wake 
 
 
 c we 
 
 M 
 
 wa 
 
 < 
 
 waft 
 
 
 c wa 
 
 u 
 
 wa 
 
 In 
 
 wall 
 
 
 j WO 
 
 In 
 
 wo 
 
 u 
 
 woke 
 
 
 3 WU 
 
 M 
 
 woo 
 
 H 
 
 wooed 
 
 
 WOO 
 
 M 
 
 TA 6EE1ES. 
 
 Long. 
 
 y 
 ya 
 
 ya 
 
 ya 
 'yo 
 yoo 
 
 year 
 yale 
 yard 
 
 yawn 
 yoke 
 you 
 
 yi 
 
 ye 
 ya 
 
 yo 
 yu 
 yoo 
 
 Short. 
 in 
 
 In 
 
 NOTE (a). The w signs are made from a circle cut in two verti- 
 cally, thus: Q while for the y signs it is cut in two horizontally, 
 thus: ->- 
 
 (V). The 10 sign in dot vowel places opens to the right, or 
 towards the east, while the w sign in dash vowel places opens to the 
 left or towards the west; and the y sign in dot vowel places opens 
 upward, or towards the north, while the y sign in dash vowel places, 
 opens down-ward, or towards the south. 
 
 NOTE (c). Observe that the vowel sound in Wf and Yl is that 
 of a dot vowel, hence Wl and Yi are the signs used in the dot-vow^ 
 places. 
 
 (d). The vowel sound in Wii and Yti is that of a dash vowel, 
 hence IV& and Yii are used in dash-vowel places. 
 
OP PHONOGRAPHY. 
 
 W AND Y EQUIVALENTS. 
 
 3. Before giving a list of words illustrating the use of the dis- 
 joined semicircles, it will be an advantage to the student to under- 
 stand clearly the alfabetic equivalents of w and y. 
 
 The sound represented by is the same as in quick and nearly 
 the same as oo iu coo (being briefer in pronunciation than oo, and in 
 some words more like oo in foot}, and the final element of the dif- 
 thongs o, ow, ew, as will be easily perceived by the slow pronuncia- 
 tion of o=ff-oo\ oiv=ah-oo, ew=e-oo. 
 
 4. The sounds represented by y in fou and pity are the same as 
 e in be and f in it; but, when followed by another vowel sound in such 
 words as beauL?0s, -opzVxte, etc., thi*' e becomes shorter and the I 
 sharper, producing a snVrt sound J#ce unaccented e in the syllable be 
 in behold. Y-a, e-a, and i-)v y~o, e-f, and l-o, when quickly pronounced, 
 are one and the same things. For' example, the syllable to in folio, can 
 be spelt three ways folio, foijp, folyo and indicate the same pronun- 
 ciation. 
 
 5. The following Wrds Contain 10(00) and y(e*) sounds repre- 
 sented in different ways by alfabetvk equivalents, without changing the 
 pronunciation: Iowa= Jo-ooa= Ioa\ Owen=Oooen==Oen; bowie= 
 bo-ooy bo-i; boa /bo-oca ^bowa\ bivouac = bivooac = bivwac, 
 quick kooik=-kwik/twig=-tooig=tuigv\veet=-sooeet=sueet ; Yale 
 ale=-Iale=; yanljr 5ank==iank; India^- Indea-=Indya; opiate 
 opeSte=opyate ; ^theistathl-Ist athyist\carrier carre-er=carry- 
 er; anterior=aj^ereor-=antery-or. 
 
 6. There are a few words in which the sj?Uabication might seem 
 changed by t/ie use of a sign that suggested tKe letter y such as 
 
 v t>2 5/ ' / y \ 
 
 V-*^ barfier, r^y^ merrier, the fonografic forms of which sug- 
 gest the spelling of the words with a y and two r's, \nstead of three, 
 thus: meryer, baryer, and syllabized thus, mer-yer, bar-ytr, instead of 
 thus, mery-er, bary-er; but as there are no such words as mer-yer and 
 bar-yer, no confusion can arise by the use of the y sign. The words 
 collier (yer), lawyer, etc., would never be pronounced colly-er, laivy-er, 
 for the reason that there are no such words in the language. English 
 speaking students will have no difficulty in distinguishing between 
 these two classes of words. 
 
_34 SCOTT.BROWNJFS TRXT-BOOK 
 
 7. There are a few concurrent vowels the initial one of which 
 is accented which better be expressed by their separate signs, thus: 
 
 I k> I* IL, ,2^ ^ <L 
 
 idfa t pean, seance, eon, eolis, Leo, Leon, 
 
 writing nearest to the stem that vowel which is heard next to the 
 stem. 
 
 8. \he concurrent vowels in such words as bowie, boa, doughy, 
 Owen, etc., fcre more conveniently and quickly expressed by the dash 
 for o and a brief^a; sign joined, than by the exact vowel signs written 
 separately taking\advantage of the terminal oo or w element of o, 
 and representing it by the brief w sign, which sign carries with it, or, 
 at least, suggests on account of its names, We and Wu, an accom- 
 panying short vowel sound, dot or dash, according to the direction in 
 which it opens. Illustration": \^ bowie, [* doughy, vl^/ or si> 
 Owen, & oasis using ' Wl, because it represents w with a 
 
 dot vowel sound following it. \ boa, v_y Noah using 3 Wu, 
 jr ^*L S 
 
 because it represents w with a dash vowel sound following it the 
 vowel sound* in these words being invariably pronounced in ordinary 
 speech (even by the best scholars), nearer like^the vowel in up than 
 liks^short ah. By taking advantage of this pronunciation a distinction 
 
 can be made between \ boa, and N bowie \ / Noe and v^ 
 
 Noah, etc., etc. 
 
 NOTE. While it may seem teaching a tautophonical pronuncia- 
 tion to represent the vanish or terminal sound of o by both the o dash 
 and brief w sign attached to the o dash, it is necessary to so repre- 
 sent it in order to secure a sign that will join legibly to the dash and 
 at the same time represent, or suggest, the short vowel sound follow- 
 ing the o sound. The student may regard that the dash represents 
 the radical or initial sound of o (short, as in whole), while the w sign 
 represents both the vanish or terminal sound of o and the short vowel 
 following it; or he may, if preferred, regard the dash as representing 
 full a, and brief w sign as representing only the short vowel follow- 
 ing. Either way, it expresses the same thing. 
 
OF PHONOGRAPHY. 85 
 
 g. The concurrent vowels of poet, poem, bowie, boa, towage, Zoe, 
 Noe, if expressed by their separate signs, are written thus: 
 
 3 Jt=*; * ^ *~ y 
 
 their joined signs, thus: 
 
 h 
 
 It will be seen that the joined signs are more readily and quickly 
 made, for the following reasons: The student does not have to think 
 of the particular place by the side of the consonant stem in which to 
 write the sign of the second vowel, and does not have to lose time in 
 pen-liftings or in going back to place the vowel to a downward stem, 
 as in the words poet, towage, etc. Besides, it enables the vowels to 
 be read in their proper order, forward or downward, instead of back- 
 ward or upward, as in the words bowie, towage, etc., where the sepa- 
 rate signs are written. 
 
 10. The concurrent vowels in deity, deist, etc., can be quickly 
 
 and legibly expressed by a single sign, thus: deity, fc deist, 
 
 C\" I" 
 theist, etc., instead of thus: I. D etc. 
 
 11. Concurrent vowels having any other than e, I, y, oo, o, TV, 
 for the initial vowel must be expressed by separate signs, thus: 
 \ payee. )l Isaiaji, C'\ or i* I laity, ' I or I gayety, 
 ^~"^ rawish. 
 
 12. READING EXERCISE 
 
 ON BRIEF WA AND YA DISJOINED. 
 
 Nr or V \^ or V> \ H or \c. \O . N fc 
 
 &...);! ......... i> ...... i) ....... U 
 
 X... L. ^-.. ..... v ..... ..... EL 
 
SCOTT-BROWNS S TEXT-BOOK 
 
 * ...v? 
 
 * 
 
 i 
 
 -k K.. 
 
 -E-V-V-E 
 
 Xx 
 
 13. WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 ON BRIEF WA AND YA DISJOINED. 
 
 Poets, poetic, poem, bowie-knife, boa, towage, doughy, Zoe, 
 showy, Louis (Lool), lower, Louisa, rower, mower, Noe, Noel, 
 Noah, hoer, oasis, oases, stoic, Stowell, snowy, slowest, soloist. 
 
 Opiate, barrier, carrier, merrier, Collier, lawyer, piano, fiasco, 
 geology, theology, theory, theories, theorize, theorized, Zenobia, 
 Zenia, area, Arabia, mania, ammonia, India, olio, folio, folios, 
 foliage, deist, deistic, theist, atheist, atheistic, atheistical, atheistic- 
 ally, atheism, insignia, maniac, superior, exterior, inferior, interior, 
 anterior, odious, odium, idiom, idiot, idiocy, idiotic, piteous, beau- 
 teous, tedious, copious, copiously, furious, various, impious, happier, 
 happiest, wealthier, wealthiest, worthier, worthiest, balmiest, funni- 
 est, studious, studiously, dubious, curious, tinier, tiniest, sorriest, 
 silliost, annual, manual, biennial. 
 
 Payee, pean, idea, gayety. stance, Isaiah, laity, Leo, Leon, 
 eolis, rawish, eon, 
 
OF PHONO GRAPHY. 37 
 
 ASPIRATE TICK, HEH. 
 
 LE SSON XI. 
 
 HEH ON STEMS. 
 
 i. A small inclined tick for initial A, is used on the following 
 stems: Em, Er, and VVa. Illustration: 
 
 home, homely, harm, whistle. 
 
 2. He/i is also used on the joined brief w signs and hook, made 
 in the direction of Pe or Cha, and written upward or downward 
 according to convenience of joining. Ilustration: 
 
 ...... *S .......... \ .......... *_ ...\~ ..... 3T ...... ^ ....... .0 ......... jr\- 
 
 whip, wheat, whack, whiff, whale, whir, whine, whim, 
 
 3. READING EXERCISE 
 
 ON ASPIRATE TICK. 
 
 r> ..^TN^V.. .rVr^p 
 
 i 
 
 .^- . V A 5 \r. 
 
 rzr.. 
 
 4. WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 ON ASPIRATE TICK. 
 
 Hymn, hem, ham, hum, hemal, Hummel, homely, homeliness, 
 homeless, homelike, homicide, homo, homily, hominy, humility, 
 hammock, harm, harmless, harmony, harmonize. 
 
 Whey, whoa, whiz, whizzes, whist, whisker, whizzed, whistle, 
 whistler, whisk, whiskey, whiskers. 
 
 Whip, Whipple, whop, whopper, wheat, Whateley, Whitelaw, 
 whittle, Whitchor, whack, whacks, \vhig, whiff, whang. 
 
 Whale, whaler. Wheeling, whir, whirs, whirl, whirligig, 
 wherry, wharf, wharves, whim, whimsical, whine. 
 
 449450 
 
SCOTT-BROWNE S TEXT-BOOK 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS AND POSITION, 
 
 LESSON XII. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 1. There are certain words of common, frequent use, that, fo' 
 the sake of greater speed in writing, are abbreviated in their fono- 
 grafic representation, the same as words are abbreviated in common 
 print; that is, expressed by one, two, or more of their letters or 
 signs, instead of all. About two-thirds of these abbreviations are 
 complete in their consonant representation the vowels only being 
 omitted; and although the advanced fonografer never writes the 
 vowels in any word, except when absolutely necessary, these special 
 words with vowels, only, omitted are placed in the list of abbrevia- 
 tions, because they are never to be vowelized but learned as the 
 special, fixed signs for those words; while the words not in the list of 
 abbreviations are vowelized or not, as the writer finds necessary. 
 
 2. Some words are abbreviated by omitting the consonants, 
 retaining only the vowel, while other words, still, are represented by 
 brief signs such as the circle, loops, half-circles, etc. 
 
 VOWEL RULE OF POSITION. 
 
 3. Before giving a list of abbreviations it will be necessary to 
 explain what is termed "The vowel rule of position." It is already 
 well understood that there are three PLACES by the side of a consonant 
 stem for vowels. Corresponding to these three vowel PLACES are 
 three stem or outline POSITIONS governed by the vowels: Words con- 
 taining a first place vowel to be written in first position above the 
 line; words containing a second place vowel to be written in second 
 position on the line; words containing a third place vowel to be 
 written in third position thru or under the line. 
 
 4. The first position for upright and inclined stems is HALF the 
 height of a Te stem above the line; and for horizontals and brief signs, 
 about HALF-WAY BETWEEN the lines of writing, according to the 
 
 vidth between the lines writing a little below the centre on wide- 
 
 tned paper. 
 
 5. The second position for all signs is on the line of writing. 
 
 6. The third position for upright and inclined stems is THROUGH 
 r ACROSS, the line; and for horizontals and brief signs, UNDER the line. 
 
OF PHONO&RAPHY. 
 
 89 
 
 7. It is a great aid to legibility to write, not only the greater 
 number of abbreviations, but also words of ONE SYLLABLE in the 
 position indicated by the vowel or accented vowel, if a word contain 
 more than one. 
 
 8. Some of the abbreviations are not written according to the 
 "vowel rule of position." 
 
 (a). This occurs where there are two or more words having the 
 same outline and containing vowels of the same class; they require 
 to be written in different positions to prevent conflict and confusion, 
 as well as hesitancy in reading. See signs for do and had, each and 
 which, if and for, etc. 
 
 (o). Again, where there is but one word of a certain stem or out- 
 line, it is always written in second position, regardless of the vowel 
 rule, because that position is the most natural, and favors ease and 
 speed of writing. See sign for your. 
 
 (c), Where there are two words of the same outline and vowel 
 class, the most frequently-occurring one is given the second position. 
 See signs for each and which, ease and was, law and will, are and our, 
 no and own. 
 
 (d). Where there are two words of the same outline, but differing 
 vowels, the most frequently occurring one takes the second position, 
 regardless of the vowel, and the other one the next position to it. 
 See which and much, think and thank. 
 
 9. SIMPLE STEMS. NO. i. 
 
 ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE FONOGRAFIK ALFA3ET. 
 
 V 
 
 \ pay, up 
 
 B 
 
 \ by 
 
 \ be 
 v to be 
 
 ...L u 
 
 I at, out 
 
 D 
 
 dollar 
 
 o 
 
 had, 
 X 
 each 
 which 
 much 
 
 0, 
 
 ' L joy 
 
 / advantage 
 
 _ company, ac. ompaay 
 
 O 
 
 give -n 
 
 go, together 
 ago 
 
TEXT-BOOK 
 
 V p 
 
 . z 
 
 N 
 
 ^ if, off 
 
 ease, easy 
 
 " x in, any 
 
 v_ for 
 
 ) was 
 
 ^^ know, no 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 i few 
 
 Sh 
 
 own 
 
 _ 
 
 ~J she, wish 
 
 ^-^ 
 
 ^- ever 
 ^_ have 
 
 ^ shall, shall 
 
 Ng 
 
 ^. thin s 
 
 
 / issue 
 
 ^s long, along 
 
 v view 
 
 L 
 
 language 
 
 ( think 
 
 f~ law 
 
 
 > .. 
 
 
 W 
 
 f thank-ed, thousand 
 V" 
 
 r win 
 
 - 
 
 A why 
 
 , Dh 
 
 ' allow 
 
 
 v thee, thy 
 
 f.... 
 R 
 
 way 
 
 \ they, them 
 
 > year 
 
 -^ away 
 
 / tho', thou 
 
 are 
 
 Y 
 
 ) see 
 
 =>.... our 
 
 f~ your 
 
 
 M 
 
 H 
 
 J say, so, saw 
 
 s~^ me, my 
 
 <^ high 
 
 ....)... us 
 
 ^-^ may, am 
 
 Ohio 
 
 10. Final j is added to any of the above signs by writing the 
 circle on the end of the stem. 
 
 II. SHORT SENTENCES. 
 
 Pay up your bills. It will be your dollar each time they go. 
 It was in my wish. Which way will they go? Why do they ask 
 them for it? It was years ago. They know why it was so Do 
 they ever go up? Have they ever thanked ? They say so. It will be 
 easy for us. Shall they go away ? They will wish them much joy. 
 Each company will be large. Do they see any advantage in it? It 
 was to be so. They may think so. If they do, she shall know it. 
 Does she own it? No, she knows it. They had it out each day. 
 Your things arc in Ohio. 
 
OP PHONOGRAPHY. 
 
 41 
 
 12. COMPOUND STEMS. No. a. 
 
42 
 
 SCOTT-BROWNffS TUXT-BOOlt 
 
 . / knowledge 
 
 anything 
 
 enlarge 
 
 ... \ nothing 
 
 > *-'l 
 V. never 
 
 s^^T X, Y. 
 
 v "^_ nevertheless 
 
 -^S' U.H. 
 
 *_xi 
 N. enough 
 
 half 
 
 v<x newer 
 
 /V 
 
 S\ hope 
 
 ^\ 
 ^_x name 
 
 *. happy 
 
 
 
 NOTE. Should the student think these abbreviations difficult to 
 learn, let him notice that very few of them are abbreviated beyond 
 the omission of vowels, so that once looking at them is sufficient to 
 learn them. Those that are abbreviated by the omission of conso- 
 nants should be written over several times, and then, by practising 
 them in short sentences they will be remembered. 
 
 13. SHORT SENTENCES. 
 
 Notwithstanding many peculiar things, they are happy. Never- 
 theless, anything will do for them Hope for many things. Never 
 follow lawyers. Do nothing halt* way. Enjoy knowledge forever. 
 Enlarge your knowledge. Never fol'ow peculiar ways. They cam? 
 in time for your lawyer'i money. 
 
OF PHONOGRAPH*. 
 
 
 LESSON XIII. 
 ABBREVIATIONS CONTINUED. 
 
 
 I. CIRCLES, LOOPS, AND VOWELS. NO. 3. 
 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 . . is, his 
 
 VD themselvei 
 
 o 
 
 as, has 
 
 \ 
 
 X, 
 
 first 
 
 ' size 
 
 X subject 
 
 s-*> 
 
 V 
 
 subjected 
 
 .. ^ sir 
 
 N . 
 
 best 
 
 .. ~x ours, hours 
 
 
 / 
 
 I 
 
 ...its 
 
 
 ...f .... 
 
 . said / 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 tf"^ same, some 
 
 / 
 
 ... such 
 
 f~^~/ something 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 /- Ju 
 
 
 
 
 
 f/.. 
 
 suggest 
 
 
 /~- 
 
 because 
 
 
 y 
 
 
 ... ^~-*y . necessary 
 
 /...^ 
 
 signature 
 
 ^^> most, must 
 
 ^~ 
 
 ... several 
 
 ^_x stenographer 
 
 (. 
 
 .. . these, thyself 
 
 honest 
 
 _... C 
 
 this 
 
 
 
 
 ^0 . next 
 
 c 
 
 .... thus, those 
 
 --*. wise 
 
SCOTT-BRCHTtrff? TSXT.&OOX 
 
 highest 
 
 2. The affix " self " is expressed by a small final circle on steins, 
 and " selves " by a large circle. 
 
 3. WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 This is peculiar. They will enjoy themselves. This subject was 
 used yesterday. Will they suggest something? She is a flrst-rate 
 stenographer. Several said it was so. Yes, they go West next 
 Wednesday. She is as happy as they are. The boy says his things 
 will come as soon as they wish for them. They have only necessary 
 things. She used yours several times yesterday. They are honest 
 as well as wise. His highest aim is to be just. Be just, because it 
 is best. His signature is necessary, as well as yours. 
 
 4.VOWEL SIGNS. No. 4. 
 
 the 
 
 v two, too 
 
 ..v..to 
 
 .. ... a, an 
 
 1 .owe, oh, O ! 
 
 1 ..but 
 
 ana 
 
 y who-m 
 
 .../. should 
 
 
 \ 
 
 \i 
 
 N .. all 
 
 of 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 
 awe 
 
 or 
 
 how 
 
 ought, aught 
 
 on, he, him 
 
 6. . whose 
 
Of PHONOGRAPHY. 45 
 
 5. READING EXERCISE. 
 
 6. WRITING EXERCISE. 
 
 The boy has a dog. I see a duck and an owl. They are all up 
 stairs. At sight of it I was in awe. He ought to go soon. Too 
 many of them are in the house. It is too much for him to do. Who 
 took my book? To whom will he go for counsel? He or I must 
 see to it. Will they talk to him? He will go, but I shall stay. 
 Should he think best, they may have it. How soon will he come? 
 Whose book is this? How long have they had it? 
 
SCOTT.BROWNRS TEXT-BOOK 
 
 LESSON XIV. 
 
 we 
 
 with 
 
 were 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS CONTINUED. 
 
 I. BRIEF WA AND YA SIGNS. NO. 5. 
 
 K_.yet 
 
 what 
 a would 
 
 beyond 
 
 2. VOWEL, STEM, AND BRIEF SIGN COMBINATIONS. NO. 6, 
 
 idea 
 
 ^" . area 
 
 
 L. while 
 
 > -/ knew, new 
 
 _(T well 
 
 I'll I will 
 
 (/' where 
 
 I'm, I am 
 
 ^/ ... . aware 
 
 v/l 
 
 </ whereas, worse 
 
 .'.. already 
 
 
 altogether 
 
 </\_ wherever 
 
 
 0/\_ wheresoever 
 
 - together 
 
 
 N^ 
 
 when 
 
 1 ... almighty 
 
 js_^ one 
 
 ? although 
 
 whence 
 
 almost 
 , 'whoever 
 
 however 
 
 ^_y once 
 ^\s__ whenever 
 
 
 tT>~i . whensoever 
 
6f PHONOGRAPHY. 47 
 
 .^"v^, .. whencesoever 
 
 1 
 
 S .... without 
 
 ~* withdraw 
 
 ^..., within 
 
 . IY you're, you are 
 
 
 
 3. READING EXERCISE. 
 
 .(. ..... /1A. 
 
 
 _/..(._ ...1 c. 
 
 T* ...l. 
 
 1 
 
 4. WRJTING EXERCISE. 
 
 It is now time we were on our way. What would you do for 
 him ? When and where would it be best to go ? Which one is it ? 
 What is the area of the State in which you live^? I hope she is no 
 worse. He may go without it altogether. We are within two miles 
 of the house. Your ideas will have weight. Do you know yet how 
 it is? How long ago was it? Whenever you are right go ahead. 
 I am aware of the fact. Whoever he is we must see him. 
 
SCOTT.BROWtfBS TkXT-BOOK 
 
 HALF-LENGTHS AND ED TICK. 
 
 LESSON XV. 
 
 HALVING STEMS TO ADD T OR D. 
 
 i. A stem can be halved to add the sound of t or d &\. the end 
 af words or syllables. Illustration: 
 
 v 
 )- 
 debt, cuts, fate, shuts, late, art, sent, appetite, occupied, potato, 
 
 e.'atfd, berated, robbed, habit, cheated, untied, aptly softly. 
 SHADING THE UNMATED HALF-LENGTHS. 
 
 2. When the stems La, Er, Em, and Un, are halved to add d 
 let them be shaded; but when halved to add / let them remain light. 
 Illustration: 
 
 r r. > rv /^ ^ ^ ^ ^ -^ v- 
 
 fit, ailed, art, aired, sort, sword, mate, made, neat, need, pelt, 
 
 -r i 
 
 boiled, melt, killed, tart, desired, tempt, dimmed, silent, ruined. 
 3. The half-length stem for It is written according to the same 
 rules as full-length La, while the half-length for Id is invariably 
 made downward, because it is shaded, and is vowelized the same as 
 F<; from the top down, because it is made downward, like Ya. 
 Illustration: 
 
 ^ X 
 
 delight, polite, knelt* lead, lad, puzzled, spoiled, mailed, nailed, revealed, 
 NOTE. The vowel after a halved stem at the end of such words 
 as rated, righted, elated, avoided, etc., is understood to be i, there- 
 fore it is never necessary to write it, 
 
Of PHONOGRAPHY. 49 
 
 ED TICK. 
 
 4, The syllable ed at the end of such derivativ words as fated, 
 sifted, remitted, etc., where the primativ word fate, sift, etc., is 
 halved to add a final t or d, is expressed by a small tick, written in 
 the direction of Te or Ka, at the end of a word. Illustration: 
 
 , *(/?, sifted, emit, emitted, sort, sorted, smart, smarted, 
 
 want, wanted, wend, wended, word, worded, reward, rewarded. 
 
 5. The ed tick is also used at the end of full-length stems where 
 it is not convenient or advisable to add the d sound by halving. 
 Illustration: 
 
 resisted, exhausted, imitated, animated, stated, studied. 
 
 6. The ^/ tick is written after the loops. When following the 
 str loop it expresses only d with the vowel /omitted- Illustration: 
 
 fasted, adjusted, disgusted, rested, fasted, lasted, 
 
 arrested, -wasted, hoisted, fostered, bolstered, mastered. 
 
 7. The halving principle is very sparingly used in writing 
 straight-stem words of one syllable; such words as feat, pit, beat, 
 bought, boat, bead, coat, cud, goat, guide, etc,, being written by the 
 majority of reporters with both stems, while others use the halving 
 principle and never omit the vowels. Illustration: 
 
 >c \ K < >r < TI 
 
 ] or . .. 1 . r ] or ! . r "T 
 
 peat, beat, bought, coat. 
 
 8. For convenience in speaking or writing, the' -halved stems 
 can be named by adding the t or d sound to the stem name. Exam- 
 ple: Pe, Pgt or Fed, etc.; Ef, Eft; Ve, Vst or Ved; Ith, Itht; The, 
 
50 SCOTT-BROWNE'S TEXT-BOOK 
 
 Thet or Thed; Es, Est, etc.; La, L3t or Lad; El, Eld; Er, Ert or 
 Erd; Ra, Rat or Rad; Em, Emt or Emd; Un, Unt or Und; Hah, 
 Haht or Hahd. This will make distinguishing terms for p, t, etc., 
 expressed by stems, and p, t, etc,, expressed by halving. 
 9. . Ing, Wa, and Ya are never halved. 
 
 10. The circle or loop on halved stems always read last. Illus- 
 tration: 
 
 \ !*?... -" ^. .2. j^ L 
 
 pets, sifts, salts, sorts, meets, needs, midst, didst, couldst. 
 
 11. The reporter writes st loop on halved stems to form the su- 
 perlative degree of certain adjectives. Illustration: 
 
 late, latest, toft, softest, neat, neatest, smart, smartest. 
 
 WHEN NOT TO HALVE. 
 
 12. The halving principle does not apply in the following cases: 
 
 (a). When initial Ra, in words of one syllable, is followed by / 
 or d writing such words as right, rite, rate, road, rood, ride, etc., 
 with stems for t and d. 
 
 (b). When a final vowel follows t or d writing pity, tidy, duty, 
 fatly, veto, muddy, naughty, lady, etc., with stems for t and d, in 
 order to furnish places for the vowels following the / and d. 
 
 (c). When the consonant before the t or d is both preceded and 
 followed by vowels writing such words as abate, abode, acute, avoid, 
 allayed, amid, unite; parried, borrowed, torrid, carried, furrowed, 
 varied, married, narrowed, harrowed, pallid, tallowed, dallied, gullied, 
 followed, valid, mellowed, inlaid (La for /), wallowed ( IVa hook), hal- 
 lowed, yellowed (brief Ya), etc., with stems for /and d. 
 
 (d). When concurrent vowels come before the / or d writing 
 poet, diet, fiat, laureate, naid, etc., with stems for t and d. 
 
 (e). When t or d follows a stem preceded by another stem, witfc 
 which it does not form an angle. Ilustration: 
 
 piped, bobbed, kicked, gagged, liked, fact, faggot, harrowed, reared 
 
OF PHONOGRAPHY 1 . 
 
 61 
 
 13. READING EXERCISE. 
 
 TERMINAL HALF-LENGTHS. 
 
 L. ..... ... 
 
 V 
 
 L 
 
 A 
 
 
 . v. 
 
SCOTT-BROWKB'S TEXT.BOOK 
 
 INITIAL HALF-LENGTHS. 
 
 
 
 TWO HALF-LENGTHS. 
 
 'W /-v^ W 
 
 ED TICK ON HALF-LENGTHS. 
 
 5.. k 
 
 UPWARD ED TICK. 
 
 14. In writing the ed tick on Lat it is better to strike it upward, 
 on account of the liability, in rapid writing, of the downward tick 
 becoming a hook. Illustration: 
 
 ' H 
 
 wilt, wilted, salted, related, emulated, diluted. 
 
 DISJOINED WHOLE AND HALF LENGTHS. 
 
 instituted, substituted, destitute, pathetic, emphatic, synthetic. 
 
 \ L/1 k ..... /j.. 
 li< k 'fc 
 
dr PHONO GRAPH*-. 
 
 15. WRITING EXERCISE. 
 
 Pick, picked, poke, poked, pack, packed, tick, ticked, tuck, 
 tucked, tack, tacked, checked, joked, jagged, reasoned, limit, remit, 
 limited, remitted, elect, elected, erect, erected, sift, sifted, scent, 
 scented, sound, sounded, rescind, rescinded, resound, resounded, 
 descend, descended, decent, descent, dissent, dissented, absent, 
 absented, invite, invited, indict, indicted, repeated, reputed, inhab- 
 ited, uninhabited, remedied, innocent 
 
 16. -ABBREVIATIONS HALF-LENGTHS. No. 7. 
 
 .lord, read 
 J might 
 
 .. immediate-ly 
 
 ^ 
 
 afterward 
 
 inward 
 ~J.-..outward 
 ^/ better 
 K debtor 
 
 yield 
 
 ,V until 
 
 -s- 
 
 little 
 
 write 
 s 
 written 
 
 writing 
 
 ^2^, astonish-ed 
 . X..e8tablish-ed 
 
*j $C& 'T7**SROW\ r 'S T&JCT'SOOfC 
 
 17. READING EXERCISE. 
 
 ^ ^ V " r r ^ 1 
 
 .V....A I. fix n L. 
 
 ...(. y^, I .< c , ... - .. 
 
 V v i ^ 
 
 
 
 "> , \t * \ ~ ^ 
 
 V ___ 
 
 .....C >y^...... 
 
 K n 
 
 ^N I I v 
 
 ^..l.^-. _. r ... )....;_jri. 
 
 ^ | x- ^ 
 
 18. WRITING EXERCISE. 
 
 You would enjoy a visit to the old world. I want you to give 
 me your word that you will do all the good that lies in your power. 
 Never go in debt. Read only good books. The Lord God leadeth 
 me. We went to the woods afterward. Do not be too forward. 
 That was a good act. He could not read for the want of a book. 
 He is not a bad boy. Put your cap on the rack. How much good 
 and bfautv we ha* r e in this world ! Have vmi anv Howhr abon f it? 
 
 Put about that immediately. Go not afterward in debt. Doubt 
 not the word of God. He went east. You had better go forward 
 immediately. He could not get the goods. Did you get the writing? 
 He was caught in the act. I thought you went afterward. He went 
 immediately to let you know. That writing should be better. Yield 
 not until the word is given. He wished he had issued that little writ- 
 ing. She went wild with astonishment. The debtor will not yield. 
 They will take the lead in the old world. Might it not be written? 
 He went when he was sent. I want to astonish you. One cent 
 might be made to yield much good. Look inward if you would see 
 how you look outward. Write immediately a little with your own 
 hand. Better a hundred times establish yourself first. 
 
OP PHONO GKAPHY. 55 
 
 INITIAL HOOKS. 
 
 LESSON XVI. 
 
 SMALL INITIAL HOOKS FOR L AND R, ON 
 
 MATED STEMS. 
 
 i. When either / or r immediately follows any other consonant 
 they are expressed by a small hook at the beginning of the consonant 
 stem. Ilustration: 
 
 \ \ r 
 
 f / ./ 
 
 
 pi. H, tl t 
 
 N \. 1 
 
 dl, chl, jl, 
 
 .\ / /.. 
 
 kl, gl. 
 
 pr, or, (r, 
 
 dr, chr, jr, 
 
 A L J... 
 
 J~ 
 
 fCff gr t 
 
 JL 
 
 Jl. fr, thl, thr, shl, shr. 
 
 2. In writing the hooks on stems, the first motion of the pen 
 is made in an opposite, parallel direction to the stem; and the next 
 and last motion is at right angles with the stem, as shown in the ac- 
 companying illustration: 
 
 v.<\ .......... 1.1 ........... LJ ..... ....... .;?. 
 
 <L L ...... ^ ^ .. C C .5 ) . jj j 
 
 Let these characters be practised with caie until the hooks can 
 be readily and perfectly made. Careless writers incline to make 
 these hooks look like loops or circles. It is just as easy to make 
 them right as wrong, if proper care is exercised in the beginning to 
 understand the principles of movement in forming them. 
 
 L HOOK WORDS. 
 
 3. Notice that the / hooks are on the right and upper side of 
 the stems. 
 
 plea, please, play, plows, able, blows, idle, clay, clause, glow. 
 
 ^ ....... L-JC Ju. -c \>. :v. ..Oc/ 
 
 flte, Jleeet, flow, oval, Ethel, bushel, official, ambrosial, 
 
58 SCOTT-BROWNS 'S TEXT-BOOK 
 
 R HOOK WORDS. 
 4. Notice that the r hooks are on the left and under side. 
 
 ... .%..-%.-. \< _V.l 1...V :1 t. ..V.. 
 
 /ry, praise, brew, breeze, tree, eater, trust, odor, draw, dress, 
 
 CTTT... ....ET- ...... c-j ...... err.. crr .. e-* 
 
 z0, /<;?, <rr*, grow, ogre, egress, grass, 
 
 freeze, frizzes, frost, throw, ether, thrust, uther, azure. 
 
 5. In comparing the / and r hook signs, let the student regard 
 
 ___________ ........... \ [ ...... _^ ...... C_ ................. _.. 
 
 //, //, fl, thl, 
 
 and so forth, as so many pieces of wire bent so as to form the initial 
 hook, and that these same pieces of bent wire, when TURNED OVER, 
 become 
 
 ............... ........ _<\ 1 ........... ^ ....... 5 ........... ___ ..... 
 
 /r, tr, f>; thr. 
 
 To illustrate still more clearly, let them be written in pairs, as follows: 
 
 _. ................. \ V ..... \ V'tc., .............. _.._.. 
 
 //, //', bl, br, 
 
 .C .."VV. *N C... ) ..... C ..... 3. J ) J J 
 
 fl, fr, vl, vr, thl, thr, dhl, dhr, shl, shr, thl, ikr, 
 the shr and zhr forms being turutd over enJwise to give the forms 
 for shl and thl. 
 
 SPECIAL VOWELI2ATION. 
 
 6. The initial hooks are intended for the expression of /and r 
 preceded by a stem consonant without a vowel between the stem and 
 
OF PHONOGRAPHY. 57 
 
 hook consonants, as in flay, pry, etc., and for the expression of such 
 syllables as pie, ble, fle, per, ber, ter, etc., in couple, bible, trifle, reaper, 
 fiber, cater, etc.; but there are many words of long, awkward form, 
 such as collect, correct, fulcrum, telegram, etc., that are shortened in 
 outline and rendered even more legible by using these hook signs; 
 and for this class of words special rules, for showing that the vowel 
 is to be read between the hook and the stem, are given. 
 
 7. When the vowel heard belongs to the dash class, represent it 
 by the dash sign struck through the stem at right angles made heavy 
 for long vowels and light for short ones and written in first, second, 
 or third place, the same as in ordinary vowelization. Illustration: 
 
 O_ .......... *- ............. ........... .Nr-CY. 
 
 fall, cold, futt, fulcrum. 
 
 8. As the shape of the dots will not admit of their being written 
 through the stem and be distinguished, like the dashes, the vowels of 
 the dot class are represented by small circles, written, for long vowels, 
 before upright and inclined stems, and above horizontal ones; written, 
 for short vowels, after upright and inclined stems, and below hori- 
 zontal ones, observing, as usual, the three vowel places. Illustration: 
 
 L. v=S <L Jk. 
 
 feel, fail, carpets, fill, fell, taroxysm, 
 
 9. When the vowels heard in err and air are to be read between 
 the hook and stem, indicate it by making the parallel dash signs into 
 ellipses, thus: 
 
 _.x 
 
 birth, careless. 
 
 10. The difthong ^igns are either struck through the stem, or else 
 written at the beginning or at the end of stems, to denote that they 
 are to be read between an initial hook and stem, thus: 
 
 curt, casual. 
 
SCO TT.KRO WKE'S TE.VT-DOOfC 
 
 XL READING EXERCISE. 
 
 -- ...~\^_. v ...\. X 
 
OF PHONOGRAPHY. 59 
 
 12. WRITING EXERCISE. 
 
 Apple, able, ciue, cciat, please, pleases, pleased, play, played, 
 plow, blow, blaze, blazed, idle, idles, clay, close, glaze, glass, fly, 
 flow, fleece, flees, flies, flows, fleeced, oval. 
 
 People, peopled, pickled, buckled, tickled, cockled, giggled, 
 fickle, cobble, gable, table, stable, stubble, scuffle, faithful, truthful, 
 mouthful, treacle, draggle, prattle, brittle, scuttle, fiddle, victuals, 
 thickly, flat blacker, flavor, 'pressure, special, initial, nuptial, 
 impartial, impartiality, social, prudent especial, ambrosial, 
 casual, visual, official, officially, bleach,- oblige, club, cloth, clothes, 
 clash, claim, gloom, youthful, vocal, unable, muddle, employ, 
 simple, sample, example, dissemble, resemble, tumble, rumble, 
 devil, level, lawful, ankle, uuclc, angle, ethical, plaster, blister, 
 bluster, cluster, cloister. 
 
 Pray, pry, bro\v, tree, trio, cater, try, utter, tray, draws, odor, 
 cry, crew, acre, ru'.ree, free, fray, offer, offered affray, threw, throw, 
 author, usLer, azure. 
 
 Price, prize, prices, prized, breeze, braced, trace, trust, trusted, 
 crust, craze'.!, yrisl. grazed, grazes, grasses, thrice, thrust, precise, 
 process, blazes, crisis, ciises. 
 
 Prop, problem, prime, probe, approach, prench, pretty, bribe, 
 brick, brag, brush, bravo, broom, broil, brier, briny, bridge, 
 breeches, breath, breathe, break, bring, trip, tribe, trick, track, truth, 
 trim, trash, drug, dream, droll, drear, dreary, drouth, dressy, creep, 
 crape, group, grim, grab, growl, grog, x frog, freak, frail, thrill, 
 throng. 
 
 Paper, pauper, taper, dipper, cheaper, jobber, keeper, caper, 
 copper, guf.er, figure, vigor, vapor, vicar, entry, sentry, pitcher, 
 major, lodger, ledger, archer, riiher, Rogers, degree, decreed, 
 degrade, sugar {S!i,i}, shiver (S.'ia), mc-sure, leisure, crasuie, fisher, 
 trea/ure, treasury, pleasure. 
 
 VOWELS JiE'.KD SliTWEEN UOOK AND STEM. 
 
 Germ, firm, Germany, person, charm, form, George, courage, 
 fulsome, procure, cheerful. 
 
60 _ SCOTT-BROWNE 'S TEXT-BOOK _ ^_^ 
 
 L AND R HOOK ON UNMATED STEMS. 
 
 13. The initial hook for /on Em, Un, Ra, and Hah is made 
 large. Illustration: 
 
 ..... ............ jCTV-.. ..... S-sL... ._ .......... (/.. ............ .- .......... _ ....... 
 
 ml, nt, rl, hi. 
 
 14. The hook for r on Em, Un, Hah is made small, and the stem 
 shaded, to distinguish the mr, nr, and hr combination signs from wm, 
 wn, and Hah, Illustration: 
 
 mr, nr, hr. 
 
 15. A large initial hook on Za expresses the other liquid conso- 
 nant, r. Let it be noticed of the two liquids that La takes a large 
 hook for r and that Ra takes a large hook for /. Illustration: 
 
 lr, rl. 
 
 16. The initial hooks for /and rare never used on Es, Ze, Er, 
 Ing. or Wa. Ing, when hooked initially, being required to express 
 nr; and Es, Ze, Er, Wa, when hooked initially, being required to 
 express Thr, Dhr, Per, Ver. Yal Ya with initial hook is not 
 used for anything, as it is an inconvenient form to join; besides, it is 
 quicker and better to express yl by the brief Ya sign and / stem. 
 
 I7- READING EXERCISE. 
 
 ^ ^ y. 
 
 camel, animal, canal, kernel and colcnel, spiral, exhale, help, color 
 
 ^ "^ S*~ ^ ^__X ^*^( y^ \^^ " ,^ ' 
 
 / fc"^^^ ^^^ ^"^ \ ^_ ^ \_-^ I 
 
 rumor ^ tremor * moral* minor ; north, cohere \ adhere \ inherit. 
 
 18. WRITING EXERCISE 
 
 Enamel, canaille, kernel, colonel, enameled, spirals, relapse t 
 relapsed, relax, relaxes, relaxed, spinal, spaniel, channel, panel, 
 canal, final, flannel, penal, vernal, finally, coral, choral, floral, rural, 
 barrel, peril, Tyrol, plural, help, helper, helpless, health. 
 
61 
 
 healthy, healthier, healthiest, healthful, heliotrope, halcyon, he!m, 
 helmet, inhale, unwholesome, exhale, unhealthy, ro'or. collar, 
 scholar, secular, Fowler, valor, raillery, stickler. 
 
 19. L AND R 
 
 HOOK ABBREVIATIONS. N. S. 
 
 R HOOK, STRAIGHT STEMS. 
 
 ? appear 
 \ 'principM-ly, principle 
 
 1 true 
 doctor 
 
 / .larger 
 c care, occur 
 
 . ^...practiss 
 
 1 dear 
 
 cure accrue. 
 
 
 \ re-member 
 X V.-. number 
 1 uttet, truth 
 
 T during 
 
 7 
 
 '.. .cheer 
 / chair 
 
 correct-ed 
 c aggre^-aie-ecl 
 agree. 
 
 L 
 
 <t 
 
 X...nble. ably 
 
 1 till, tell 
 
 HOOK, STRAIGHT STEM 
 
 r 
 
 ..'....deal 
 1 deliver 
 
 >. 
 
 call equal-ly 
 c. clerk 
 
 ..f._ at all 
 
 /....children 
 
 . collect-ed 
 
 T^form 
 ^ from 
 
 t HOOK, CURVED STEMS 
 
 either 
 ..-}... there, their 
 
 humor 
 
 near, nor, hono 
 
 . ; over 
 - every, very 
 
 .-") other 
 ...^..sure, assure 
 
 hire higher 
 ' hear, here, her 
 
 ryaver 
 
 .....O..share 
 
 ^~ hair 
 
 ../:... author, three 
 
 Mr., mere 
 
 ' remark 
 
 .. *\ through 
 
 ,-vmore 
 
 /^^ manner 
 
03 SCOTT- BROWNE'S TEXT-HOOK 
 
 V. 
 
 JL- feel, fill, fall 
 
 - HOOK, CURVED STEMS 
 
 million 
 
 . 
 ..^T heal, hall 
 
 Js_. fail, fell 
 
 ^O> promulgate-d 
 
 .. hole, hale, hell 
 
 ..^._. full 
 
 S^V female 
 
 ...XT. howl, whole 
 
 
 
 (^ 
 
 
 . VT. evil 
 
 real-ly 
 
 v ~i' x enroll 
 
 .V_ avail 
 
 <S roll 
 
 .^ ruler 
 
 _,. value 
 
 ^- rule 
 
 
 1O. SHORT SENTENCES. 
 
 I feel fully equal to the task. Practise the principle well. My 
 principal imparts speed. Remember the days of thy youth, for ihy 
 very hairs are numbered. Utter only truth that you may speak \vi:h 
 assurance. The principle tiling in his address is humor. I low ably 
 the author treated the subject. I tell you, till all is \vcll, take care. 
 I have no fai:h at all. Form good habits if you would go through 
 life happy, and from the pith of truth depart not. Over all things 
 ho.ior ij first. Every one knows his doctor well. Ever remember 
 that very has a different form from ever. The author went three 
 times through his book. Dear doctor, you cure and cheer; I feel 
 you will heal a million. Put my children in the large chair very near 
 here. To assure a cure you must deal with care. Either agree or 
 take- a. smaller share. It will occur no more. Ilosv about the other, 
 arc you sure of the delivery? I do not remember the aggregate but 
 the clerk cou'd tc!l. Correct the clerk when you collect the fare. 
 Mere humor is not more nor honor higher. Her hair was either 
 back or gray, her eyes dear and true, and her manner equal. Did 
 you hear the remark ? I had my fill and feel so full I fear I shall 
 ek'.tcr fail or fall. Ah, full well I fell ! The evil did avail and its 
 vul :c I hno-.v too well. Tho female does really rule the family with 
 a familiar haud. Hire a hail and promulgate the whole. 
 
CP rVOVOGRAPffY. 63 
 
 LESSON XVII. 
 
 THE INITIAL CIRCLE ON L AND J? HOOK SIGNS. 
 
 1. To prefix s on r hook signs, the hook is made into a circle. 
 
 2. To prefix s on / hooli signs, the circle is made wi-thin the 
 look. Illustration: 
 
 X \ ^ 'NX X f-T ^ 
 
 pray, spray, pry, spry, upper, suffer. crawl. scrawl, 
 
 V ..... %_ \ ...... \ _..V>' ..... , 
 
 flat, splat, plash, splash, bloom, sublime, plav, difpiav. 
 
 
 3. The circle on A"a. beiote an / hook on Pe and Bf, is elon- 
 gated or flattened, like a loop, and the pen is carried entirely over 
 the stem before it turns to form the hook; thus enabling the writer 
 to get that part of the hook, where it joins the stem on which it 
 Belongs, quite distinct.* Illustration: 
 
 N^ ' - " ' 
 
 excusable, explored. 
 
 4. In writingsuch words tasdisagree. Jescry, prescribe, etc., the cir- 
 cle is written on the right side of the first stem, and the second stem. 
 which is Ka or Ga. is written directly out tro:n the top of the circle. 
 This brings the circle on the r hook side of A'u and Ga. Illustration 
 
 disagree, pre scribe. 
 
 * Some writers mike ihe turn of the pen directly on the A"i slem, instead of atto 
 the crossing ever. That way which is easiest and most legible to the writer is the rest 
 
04 SCOTT-BROWNE 'S TEXT-BOOK 
 
 5. Many writers omit the r representation in the words describe, 
 prescribe, etc., and express them thus: 
 
 6. In writing the circle on the r hook side, between stems run- 
 ning in the same direction, it is not necessary to show the hook, as 
 the left and under side of straight stems is known to be the r hook 
 side, while the right and upper side of straight stems is known to be 
 the circle side. Illustration: 
 
 psp, p-spr, tst, t-str, ksk, k-skr, 
 
 -\ \ 
 
 precept, prosper, dusty, destroy, distressed, cask, excrescence, excursive. 
 
 7. Per preceded by Dis is written thus; Js as in the words 
 disappear, disparage, dayspring, etc. * 
 
 S. In such words as tasteful, boastful, trustful, etc., where the 
 / hook sign cannot be made following the st loop, the pen crosses the 
 stem, thus reducing the loop to simple s and enabling the writer to 
 form a perfect hook on the Ef stem. This contracts the words to 
 tas'ful, boas' ful, trus'ful, etc. Illustration: 
 
 tasteful, boastful, trustful, breastplate. 
 
 9. WRITING EXERCISE. 
 Spray, supper, sober, suitor, strew, cider, suppress, cypress, 
 
 soberly, screw, scarcely = o ; secrecy, sacred, supply, sable, 
 jatchel, sickle, cycle, possible, disciple, display, displayed, accusable, 
 { hysical, peaceful, passively, plausible, classical, classically, crucible, 
 explore, taxable, graceful^-^xL (the hook of the Ef in graceful is 
 implied by the circle at the end of the Ga stem being elongated like a 
 loop. If there was no / hook to express, the circle would be kept 
 round, thus: <r ~^_), disgraceful, prosperous, prosperously, distresses. 
 
OP PHONOGRAPHY. 
 
 disaster, disasters, disastrous, cheese-press, Caspar, excreable, 
 excursive, describe, disagreeable, disagreeably, disappear, disparage, 
 dayspring, pastry, pasture (Pes-Cher), extreme, gastric, mixture 
 (Em-Kas-Cher), fixture {Ef-Kds-Cher), dishonor=4_>' . 
 
 Straggle, struggle, strapper, supreme, soprano, sobriety, strata, 
 stream, streamed, streamlet, strength, strangle, strangler, strangled, 
 strut, street, strait, straight, straighter, sprite, sprout, sprayed, des- 
 perate, desperately, desperado, whisper, whispered, destroy, des- 
 troyed, distract, distracted, distrust, distrusted, trustful, distrustful, 
 mistrust, mistrustful, expressly, describe, descried, prescribe, pro- 
 scribe, subscribed, ascribed, abstract, extract, extracted, excusable, 
 crucible, taxable, explore, explored, explode, exploded, display, dis- 
 played, displays, frustrate, frustrated, hemisphere (hemisfere), gossi- 
 mer, moral, morally, curse, discourse, discoursed, 
 
 
 atmosphere immoral, mortal, immortal, course, persuade. 
 
 ^.surprise 
 
 ....?.. surprises 
 
 V 
 ....^..surprised 
 
 ........ spirit 
 
 separate 
 
 io. ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 CIRCLE ON L AND R HOOK SIGNS. No. Q. 
 
 ..\.. supply 
 
 ...^...spread 
 ~- scare 
 
 secure 
 
 o 
 
 .scarce 
 (^scarcely 
 
 II. SHORT SENTENCES. 
 
 ..x .supplied 
 
 ..skill 
 
 <a scale 
 ....school 
 
 I scarcely know what separated us. I was never more surprised. 
 In a Phonographic school skill is supplied, but to secure skill one 
 must scale the heights. My spiri is equal to the task but I cannot 
 supply the energy. It surprises nir that I have not surpassed others. 
 Spirits are scarce about this place. He supplied the skill and she 
 taught the school. The teachers were supplied with moral lessons to 
 give the pupils through the course. The school-room was tasteful 
 and the trustful teacher surprised by the spirit of the class. 
 
TEX~r.rtoo* 
 
 LESSON XVIII. 
 
 BACK HOOK FOR fJV, EN, UN. 
 
 t. The syllables in, en or tin, preceding the i circle on r hook 
 signs, are expressed by a small back hook, made so as to brin? the 
 circle on the r hook side of the stem, illustration: 
 
 "^ ...... "- ........... .1 ..... _ ^ rj^ 
 
 inspire, inspired, instruct, insecure, . unscrupulous. 
 2. This hook is also used on sla, str, sent. Illustration: 
 
 tns/ave, unceremonious, unseemly. 
 
 3. WRITING EXERCISE. 
 
 Inseparable, inseparably, insuperable, unsuppressed, instructor, 
 instrung, inscribe, insecurity, insoluble, unsolvable, unsalable, 
 unsullied, insular, insult, insulted, unsolicited, unceremoniously, 
 unseemly, ensample, ensemble (ongsombl). 
 
 4. READING EXERCISE. SENTENCES. 
 
 ;. _=, ../...N. i .! r ...c., 
 
 
 r 
 
 ^^> 
 
 ^- ^ 
 <TN.. IT^I ..... _. / ... 
 
 x ^ o v 
 
 --3 ..... X- ......... 2w_ 
 
 > \ u x <r\.. PTN _. / ... _^ 
 
 ^ - >-x O V 
 
Of PHONOGKAPfTT. C7 
 
 LESSON XIX. 
 
 IV TICK. 
 
 A Trie sound of ia following a stem consonant is expressed by 
 a vertical or horizontal tick joined initially to the stem. Illustration: 
 
 r 
 
 twice, dwtll, quick, quagmire, thwack, Schwab. 
 
 2. Words with an initial / and medial w sound must be writ- 
 ten with the disjoined We or IVii in its vowel position, thus: 
 
 squaw, squeeze, squizzle, 
 
 3. Words with r immediately following a w sound should 
 always be 'written wiih the w-hook on the Ra stem, (//Vr), thus: 
 
 queer, twirl, squirrel, squirm, squared, esquire. 
 4. Kwl words must be written with IVfl, thus: 
 
 quelled, squall, squeal, q:tail. 
 
 5. The Wit ti(X is useful in writing such Spanish names as 
 Puebla, Buena Vista, etc. Illustration: 
 
 Puebla, Buena, Cuardajui, Cuaxnca. 
 
 (Pwdblah), (Bwdnahi), (Gwdrdafwee), (Gwdhaka). 
 
 6. WRITING EXERCISE. 
 
 Words to be \v it en with the u>mtick: Twist, twists, twisted, 
 untwist, untwists, untwisted, tweezers, twitter, twinkle, twilight, 
 twill, twilled, dwell, dwelt, Dwight, dweller,, equip, equipoise, 
 quibble, quiet, quota, quest, bequest, bequeath, quad, quick, quicker, 
 quickest, quickly, quake, quaker, quack, quicksilver, quicksand, 
 quagmire, quaff, quailed, quoth, quiesce, cquic*ce, quasi, 
 
flg SCOTT- BROlVNlfS TEXT-BOOK 
 
 equator, thwack, thwacked, Thwing, Schwab, Schwartz, bequeath. 
 
 Words in which disjoined We or Wu must be used: Squaw, 
 squabble, squatter, squeeze, squeak. 
 
 Words in which Wer must be used. Twirl, dwarf, dwarfed, 
 dwarfish, querl, quarrel, quirk, queer, choir, quire, quart, squirt, 
 squirted, square, squared, squirm, esquire, query, quarry, quarried, 
 quartette. 
 
 Words in which Wei must be used: Quill, quell, quail, squall, 
 sequel, squills, squeal. 
 
OF PHONO GRAPHY. 
 
 LESSON XX. 
 
 SMALL TERMINAL HOOKS FOR N, F, AND V. 
 
 N HOOK. 
 
 1. The sound of at the end of words and syllables, and in the 
 middle of words where no vowel follows it, is represented by a small 
 terminal hook made on the left, and under side, of straight stems, 
 and on the inside of curved stems. Illustration: 
 
 ..A ..... / ..... ^ ..... ~X Ax, YV ^ ^._../?.S... 
 
 pin, tinge, June, canopy, fine, loan, main, swain, run, hen. 
 
 2. S, terminating w-hook words, is expressed by making the 
 hook into a circle, on straight stems, and by writing a circle -within 
 the hook of curves. Illustration: 
 
 \' ...... J* ..... / ......... .t. ...... x- ........ i_..._^. ...... A.. 
 
 bones, dines, chains, tokens, runs, Athens, nuns, refines. 
 
 3. The large circle and the loops are written on he w-hook side 
 to express ns-s, nst, nstr. Illustration: 
 
 . 
 
 expenses, enhances, danced, glanced, funster, spinsters. 
 
 F AND V HOOK. 
 
 4. The sound of f, or its cognate, v , at the end of words and 
 syllables, and in the middle of words where no vowel follows it, is. 
 represesented by a small terminal hook made on the circle side of 
 straight stems; and the circle for s, terminating /and z/-hook vords, 
 is made within the hook, to distinguish it from simple s without 
 the/ or v sounds. Illustration: 
 
 V ........ V ........... \ .......... 
 
 proof, approves, devote, devise, division, 
 
 l.v ^ "N v ^> ...... ^\. 
 
 deafen, strife, gloves, archives, hoofs 
 
70 
 
 SCOTT-KKOll^VE'S TEXT-BOVK 
 
 5. The hook for / and v is never written on the curve stems. 
 NOTE (a). Observe that the j circle formed wit bin hooks is 
 
 elongated, like a loop, and made in the direction of the stem 10 which 
 the hook belongs. 
 
 (b). The large circle and the loops for ;/ and sir are never written 
 on hooks. 
 
 6. If a vowel follows , y"or v, those consonants must be rep. 
 resented by the stems, in order to furnish a place for the vowel- 
 Illustration: 
 
 brine, briny, fun, funny, assign, assignee, rain, rainy, 
 
 <? ....... A-....^ ....... As 
 
 cough, coffee, grieve, gravy, heave, hea^'y, rough, review. 
 
 7. READING EXERCISE 
 
S. WRITING EXERCISE. 
 
 r-.uvr, pen, opei, bane, bone, tan, eaten, oaten, din, don, chain, 
 chin, June, coin, keen, cane, oaken, gun, gown. 
 
 Spun, spoon, snbin, satan, satin, stone, sndden, scan, skin, 
 sicken, sustain, St.nc:i, ste\vpan, weapon, widen, wooden, waken, 
 wagon, worn, Warren, sweeten, Sweden, sworn, equestrian. 
 
 Prune, brown, brain, bran, train, drown, drawn, churn, adjourn, 
 crane, atom, crown, corn, green, grain, gria, groan. 
 
 ^w 
 
 Plain, plan, blown, clean, clan, clown, glean, glen, decline, 
 recline. 
 
 Far, fun, vine, thin, assign, zone, shine, lawn, urn, moon, nun- 
 
 Sof;cn, seven, Simon, Stephen, Stamen, flown. 
 
 Suspense, strains, screens, widens, stamens, Stevens, woman's. 
 
 Puff, bluff, pnve, brave, strive, dove, cave, rove. 
 
 Puffs, paves, drives, chiefs, Jove's caves, coughs, cuffs, graves, 
 grieves. 
 
 Panic, pancake, pinch, punch, punish, pennon, bandy, banjo, 
 banish, tonnage, Ciianning, candy, conic, coinage, expunge, experi- 
 ences, expenses, finish, (upward j/v), vanish, heathenish, thinness, lin- 
 ear, lonely, minute, minute, minfltelv, minuteness, mental, mantel, 
 
 / S 
 
 miner, po;ent, potency, demean, organic, envenom, plenty, planet, 
 
 plunge, blanch, French, fringe, penance, finance, synonym, sponge, 
 Spanish, pippin, bobbin, obtain, Italian, deepen, detain, domain, 
 cabin, roughen, raven, region, regain, famine, foreign, lemon, Ly- 
 man, remain, engine, tribune, blacken, chairman, African, Mormon, 
 Norman. 
 
 Toughen, deafen, deafness, define, divine, devote, devout, 
 devotee, devour, devise, advise, division, (upward j//), devotion, de- 
 fence, advance, extravagance, extravagant. 
 
 Use vpward r, F.Z, in these words: Revere, rover, river, quiver, 
 quaver, hover, cover, cleaver, clover, engiavcr, beverage. 
 
 Use downward r, Er, in these words: Devour, beaver, tougher, 
 meaner, vainer, founder, finer, thiner, leaner, demeanor. 
 
SCOTi '.BROWNE 'S TEXT-BOOK 
 
 SHORT SENTENCES. 
 
 Ten honest men live in one town. Nine fair women spue six- 
 teen skeins of woolen yarn. The moon shines upon the lawn. Green 
 are the banks of Bonny Doon. When it rains, the Robins say, 
 " Cheer up, cheer up, cheer up ! " Rover is a brave dog, jou will 
 discover, and serves his master faithfully. The Bluff river divides 
 our farm. Never swerve from right behavior. See the rainbow! 
 The poor, with industry, are happier than the rich, in idleness. Pu' 
 down your pen and join the children in their fun. 
 
 9. ABBREVIATIONS. A r , F, AND V HOOKS. No. 10. 
 
 N HOOK. 
 
 __^ opinion 
 
 ( then 
 
 ...N =.. begun 
 
 \ upon 
 
 / than 
 
 \ began 
 
 .S - been 
 
 v, 
 
 ... i alone, loan 
 
 ^^^ ^ 
 
 1 S^ 
 ....y. ... turn, torn 
 
 J done 
 
 men 
 
 P 
 
 sudden 
 
 | down 
 </ join 
 J general-iy 
 
 ./^~*S v n * an 
 
 human 
 
 c~^ / 
 
 .women >. 
 
 .... J at length 
 
 P 
 
 ... delinquent 
 
 /x happen 
 
 9 can 
 
 trs woman 
 
 >> punish-ed 
 
 gone 
 3 gain, again 
 
 \y6 known, none 
 union 
 
 ; explain-ed 
 
 ~f 
 J question 
 
 i often, phonog- 
 ^-S. ... raphy 
 
 ^T 3 learn 
 
 T~f 
 
 J Christian 
 
 ^> even 
 
 \ ^ pecuniary 
 
 ^ correspond 
 
 ^" thine 
 
 ^ > begin 
 
 a-, -ence 
 
 . . ' cousequtniial 
 

 Of PHONOGRAPHY. 
 
 78 
 
 ^ .signify-ied-cant 
 
 . 0. western 
 
 / southern 
 *\ pertain 
 
 ^j .. .prudential 
 ^"^ prominent 
 
 >* fallen 
 
 J " 
 v appertain 
 
 *\^ ^ permanent 
 
 ^ \ 
 
 ... point, appoint 
 behind bind 
 
 HALF-LENGTHS. 
 
 ..consequent 
 <*-* second 
 
 ... account 
 
 annonK-ed 
 
 \ 
 
 J tend 
 
 . 1 attend 
 
 .. r^f superintend 
 o- acquaint 
 
 .s . round 
 / surround 
 
 u 
 
 J 
 
 did not, didn't 
 
 gained 
 
 ... -^ around 
 
 .. J do not, don't 
 
 .....find 
 
 *0. understand 
 
 ... J .- h*d n t. hadn't 
 
 .... ^ found 
 
 .. . I" turned 
 
 . ** gentlemen 
 
 v ^j ' foundation 
 
 "".. accident 
 
 t/ gentleman 
 
 x land 
 
 .0 ^> subsequeni 
 
 kind , 
 
 '.. mind V 
 
 .. };.. .returned 
 
 can't 
 
 \ 
 
 minds \ 
 
 C learnt 
 
 . .TIH^ cannoi 
 
 ^^ meant, tnend, 
 ...<ra amount 
 
 y 
 
 \ ' P 5> impen<! 
 
 
 KNS, ENSF.S, ENST. 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 j a: once 
 consequence 
 
 ^. balanced 
 c ~o . occurrence 
 
 .. " . again., 
 
 yO 
 
 - ^ inclisuciis ible 
 
 S. .balance 
 
 ."~D Kansas 
 
 o .experience 
 
 ... . ^w . balances 
 
 ..._TTO sraioi 
 
 transcript 
 
r< 
 
 F AND V HOOK. 
 
 \> before 
 
 V abo 
 I 
 
 diflicult-y 
 
 diflered-ent- 
 
 gave, govern- 
 
 a .... uiciic 
 
 . C \ ... P ro ff prove 
 . %. . approve 
 
 \ ..improv-d-men: 
 
 provide 
 
 , 
 
 .provision 
 
 *\J proficie.it -ly- 
 ^*- tuiicy 
 
 perfect 
 ..> ...^^lief, belien 
 
 I- >defecl 
 
 advocate 
 IT ....deficient-iency 
 
 kj ....defence 
 .. .advance 
 
 profit, prophci 
 
 >> profitable 
 
 prophetic 
 
 >>~-^ providence-tial- 
 
 ....% believed 
 
 extra vagant-ly- 
 
 A^. SHORT SENTENCES. 
 
 Upon my opinion I would not believe it. Had it not been clone 
 I-would have joined the general. He could not have gone so soon 
 .ngain 1 To gain Phonography you must first be found i:i a brown 
 study; even then it is best to be left alone. Men are humane as 
 women are \vomanly. The union was known to be complete. His 
 pecuniary rai;i was not large. None but t'.ie good can cxpl-i: 
 acts. Learn Phonography well. At length he explains the corres- 
 pondence. The kind gentleman did not account for the &; 
 Don't go behind the returns. T;:e superintendent fuur.d the f 
 lion turned in consequence of the sudden accide:.t. It is 
 of ihe fact that he remembered that opinion. I find that tl. 
 xvi!" not yield i profit. His balance in Kansas is indispensable. He 
 meant to surround the men but his general had fallen. The recount 
 was ba':T.red -with the amount. Experience is indispensable to 
 understand the cost cf success. He was punirhcd but would not 
 explain. Th occurrence in Kansas sho-.vs gains for the second t;mc. 
 The Stenographer's transcript was second to none. The advocate 
 found difficulty in his defence. The deficiency balanced the account. 
 
LE SSON XXI. 
 
 SHUN AND ES11UN HOOKS. 
 
 SHUN HOOK. 
 
 I. The syllable shrtn (or zhim) following a stfm consonant, 
 is expressed by a large final hook made on tidier side of straight 
 stems, and on ihe contort side of curve stems. Illustration: 
 
 - *> \ ...... * .......... - 
 
 potion, passion, inception, addition, perdition, occasion, sections, 
 
 dissection, rations, adhesion. fashions, visionary, motions, 
 
 ....sJJ> ............ to ......... ~0 . 
 
 nations, disscntion, oration, volition, persuasion, reservation, 
 
 2. In writing the words vnetion, sanction, distinction, etc.. the 
 stem for the A'a sound can be omitted, without impairing legibility 
 Illustration: 
 
 unction, sanctions, distinction. 
 
 3. The syllable fsf, following Shun and Eshun, is expressed by 
 half-icr/ijth Es (Est) on the hooks. Illustration: 
 
 elocutionist, factionist, anncxaliomst, 
 
 ESHUN HOOK. 
 
 4. The syllable slntn following s represented by a circle, and 
 * \-owcl, is expressed by a small hook on the back of the circle. 
 Illustration: 
 
 JL. 
 
 position, decision, accession, physician, cessation, pulsation, 
 
SCOTT-PROIVXE'S TEXT-BOOK 
 
 5. Words containing this snvill hook arc legible without writing' 
 the vowel that is heard before the hook; but if it is desired to express 
 this vowel any time, write it on the left side of the hook for zjirsi 
 place vowel and on the right side for other vowels. Illustration: 
 
 precision. transition. 
 
 procession, 
 
 sensational 
 
 See Chapter XV. of Part II. TEXT-BOOK for full illustration ot 
 the shn representation. 
 
 6 WRITING ^EXERCISE. 
 
 flation, passion, passions, editions, addition, sedition, section, 
 suctiW, deception, attraction, attractions, detraction, inception, sub- 
 traction. perception, reception, inspection, exception, refraction, 
 infraction, reduction, subtraction, perdition, approbation, attrition, 
 reputation, selection, election, elocution, elocutionist, elocutionists, 
 factionist, factionists. affectionate, affectionately observation. 
 
 Decision, causation, accession, accusation, physician, incision. 
 musician; musicians, sensations, proposition, prepositions, supposi- 
 tion, cessation, secession, annexation; annexaiionist. pulsations. 
 
 SZT.V-HOOK. 
 
 The small hook for s7in may also be used for sit in combinations 
 where an j-circle and an n-sie;n would be inconvenient to join: 
 It will not conflict. <vith sKit and will add greatly to speed and legi- 
 bility. The principle justifying its use is the same as that for employ- 
 ing the fa. En or Un hook many final terminations being as incon- 
 venient for the junction of s and as for a-and s initially. There are 
 a, few words in which 'the 'Aw-hook cart be used medially. The fol- 
 lowing woids -will'show its application. (See Part II.. page 41.) 
 
 mason, 
 
 masonry, 
 
 medicine, 
 
 Wisconsin, 
 
 OFFSETS OR IMPERFECT HOOKS. 
 
 Some combinations of consonants make it impossible to form 
 perfect hooks; in which case it is necessary to make an offset, using 
 a part of that stem (generally the second one) for the purpose which 
 will make the best joining and indicate the hook; thus, 
 
 missionary, seminary, reply, penetrable. country, exhale, 
 
 I^\ ........... _Jai 
 
 *r ___ 
 
 companion, printer, engineer. Edinboro, adhesion, trainer, 
 
 economy, explain, resplendent, behold, continent, unwholesome. 
 
OP PHONO GRAPHY. 77 
 
 7. ABBREVIATIONS. SHUN AND ESHUN HOOKS. No. u. 
 
 SHUN HOOKS. 
 
 v passion 
 
 <] 
 
 U ...consideration 
 
 VX fashionnble-bly 
 
 ./O objection 
 
 &? 
 
 ... . & exaggeration 
 
 .- y ... session 
 
 _ >X^ objectionable 
 ...o subjection 
 
 ^ occasion 
 <= ^ creation 
 
 ....Ls association 
 
 'O' x 
 .. . .. missionary 
 
 _ ^ exhibiton 
 
 .. _.L^ direction 
 
 .. V-?. . national 
 
 U ... tuition 
 U station 
 \J instruction 
 
 correction 
 collection 
 
 crrt* aggression 
 
 x. 
 
 ) -- situation 
 
 \ 
 ... (? . dissuasion 
 
 .... <^ persuasion 
 
 ESHUN HOOK. ^X. 
 
 V, 
 
 __ opposition 
 
 | e 
 acquisition 
 
 O~^. ..>s^pnversatiot>-l 
 
 \> position 
 
 v procession 
 
 Q conversationiM 
 
 \ possession 
 
 proposition 
 
 \ 
 .^ .compensation 
 
 .... . decision '* - generalization 
 
 o ^ 
 
 V -J civilization 
 
 ...-.- ? .accession .. .^ . organization 
 
 realizu^ 
 
73 SCOTT-RKOWITS TF.XT.nOOK 
 
 SHADING AND LENGTHENING. 
 
 LE SSON XXII. 
 
 SHADING EM. 
 
 I. Em is shaded to express a follow' n^/ or b, and is then called 
 Enip or ILnili. Illustration: 
 
 !////>, stump, hemp, lamp, glimpse, wampum, limbo, embargo. 
 
 LENGTHENING EM P. 
 2. Emp is lengthened to add a following r. Illustration: 
 
 I. (r - x - L _ ^g^~^\ 
 
 emjiire, temper, simper, ember, chamber, somber. 
 
 3. WRITING EXERCISE. 
 
 Pomp, pumps, bump, damp, dumps, stamp, stump, stampede, 
 jumps, camp, gump. vamp, thump, lamp, lump, limp, romp, rump 
 mumps, swamp, samp, slump, hump, hemp, primp, plump, tramp, 
 crump, cramp, glimpse, wampum, limbo, Jumbo, humbug. Sambo. 
 
 Pumper, Plumper, temper, temporal, distemper, damper, jumper, 
 Kemper, vampire, romper, hamper, scamper, ember, umber, amber. 
 somber, limber, lumber, chamber, slumber, December, November, 
 September, dismember, timber, cumber, encumber, Cun/faerland, 
 Chamberlain. 
 
 LENGTHENING IXG. 
 
 4. Ing is lengthened to express a following kr {Ker) or jpr (Cer). 
 Illustration: 
 
 anchor or anger, sinker, winker, linker, 
 
 thinke* finger, linger, *tronger. 
 
LENGTHENING THE OTHER CURVES. 
 5. Al 1 the oiher rurved stems are lengthened to express a fol- 
 lowing Ir, dr, thr, dhr. Illustration: 
 
 enter, render, smaller, mother, philanthropy, falhtr. 
 
 6. Of the straight stems, only Ra and Hah are lengthened to 
 express the following words: 
 
 writer, rather, hither. 
 
 7. WRITING EXERCISE. 
 
 Anchor, sinker, Bunker, tinker, canker, rancor, ranker, linger, 
 spanker, winkers, hanker, handkerchief. 
 
 Anger, finger, linger, languor, stronger, monger, mongrel, 
 hunger, Hungerford. 
 
 Father, fatherless, fatherly, mother, motherly, motherless, 
 thither, nitre, neuter, center, central, Easter, eastern, easterly. 
 Esther, oyster, Astor, Astral, astronomy, astronomical, astronomer, 
 latter, later, literature (La-ler-Cher), literary, latterly, literally, col- 
 lateral, winter, wintered, wander, eccentric, eccentricity, render 
 hinder, cinder, sunder, wither, withers, withered flounder, 
 
 philantrophy, philanthropist, philanthropical. 
 
 Enterprise, interrupt, interruption, entertain, interest, interested, 
 introduce, introduction, interpret, interpretation, interpose, inter- 
 twine, interdict, uninterrupted. 
 
 8. ABBREVIATION'S. DOUBLE LENGTHS. No 12. 
 
 ( thi 
 
 father 
 ..thither 
 thitherward 
 
 .Easter 
 letter 
 literary 
 
Su 
 
 SCOTT-BROWN&S TEXT-BOOK 
 
 _ X"~ latter 
 
 \ X . longer 
 
 ( 
 *_. writer 
 
 . -^*N -- .water 
 
 .s'' ... rather 
 
 ,/^ N matter, mother 
 neither, entire 
 
 "^N whithersoever 
 ^\ weather 
 
 i entirely 
 
 
 . interest 
 
 <^ ( hither and thithei 
 
 Q / senator 
 
 c ~\ farther, fur;h.-.r 
 
 northern 
 
 ,. er ^\ farther than 
 
 
 
 
 9. SHORT SENTENCES. 
 
 His father and mother went thither. The style of the letter was 
 literary. The writer wrote rather good matter. The Northern 
 Senator went farther. His interest was entirely in the weather. 
 Water no longer ran hither and thither. Father went farther than 
 mother. I would rather be the latter. I should think it was rather 
 longer than the other. It is better to go farther, Whithersoever 
 you go, don't mind the weather. Whether the entire let er was sent 
 by the writer I know not. My interest is entirely with neither. Your 
 letter of introduction will further my father's desire. I hope you will 
 not interpose an objection to the enterprise introduced. It was an 
 interruption to intercept the letter. 
 
OP PHONO GRAPHY. 
 
 PREFIXES AND AFFIXES, 
 
 LE SSON XXIII. 
 
 PREFIXES. 
 
 1. The prefixes, con, com, cum, cog; contra, contro, counter; 
 fore; magna, magne, magni; circum, self; etc., are represented by 
 brief arbitrary signs written either before or above the remainder 
 of the word. 
 
 CON, COM, CUM, COG. 
 
 2. The sign for con, com, cum and cog is a dot. Illustration: 
 
 contain, comprise, cumbersome, cognitiv. 
 CONTRA, CONTRO, ETC. 
 
 3. The sign for contra, contro and counter is a tick. Illustration: 
 
 contradiction, controversy, countermand* 
 FORE. 
 
 4. The sign for fore is Ef. Illustration: 
 
 forestall, 
 
 MAGNA, ETC. 
 
 5. The sign for maga, magne and magni is Em. Illustration: 
 
 X T S T" 
 
 'jsLxTfc ..... ____ ........ J - .. ____ ...... VY 
 
 magnanimous, magnetic, magnify. 
 
 CIRCUM AND SELF. 
 
 6. The sign, for circum and self is a small circle, written \-nfirst 
 position before or above the remainder of the word, for circum, and 
 in second position before or above the remainder of the word for self. 
 Illustration: 
 
 (ircumscribe, telf-made. 
 
83 
 
 SCOTT-RROIWE-S TEVT-BOOK 
 
 COMPOUND J'REFIXKS. 
 
 7. AYhcnever any other syllable comes before these prefixes 
 thus making a compound prefix the stem or sign for the syllable is 
 written in the prefix's plnce, and 'he prefix is not written, but imp/if j. 
 or, itndcrstcod to be expressed, together wiih the syllable standing in 
 its place; or, in other words, if a stem or circle is written over another 
 stem in i:ch a way as to occupy the place of a prefix sign, it must 
 be read together with the prefix the syllable that the sign stands 
 for being read first and the prefix last. Illustration: 
 
 P . 
 
 s~ ...... i 
 
 conceivable, inconceivable, construe, 
 
 misconstrue- 
 
 compromised, uncompromised, committal, non-committal, 
 
 _. ~^> ............ /^ ______ ..... f ....... ......... f ......... 
 
 cognition, recognition, conceit, self-con.-eit. 
 
 "X ..... ..... K ^ UN ..... .. 
 
 composed, decomposed, comfort^ discomfort, 
 
 L, ............ ^% le > ..... _ "^v . 
 
 contradicted; uncontradic*'i, controvert, uncontroverted, 
 
 reconcilable, irreconcilable, magnetized, wimagnetizcd 
 
 circumspect, vncircnmspect. selfish, unselfish, 
 
 foreseen, tiajjreseen, accommodation, incognito 
 
 non-conducter, uncommon, concomitant, 
 
OP 
 
 8. Some words, having the prefix discon, are not conveniently 
 written according to the usual rules for writing compound prefix 
 words, in which case, the remainder of tkr word is written near the 
 prefix sign, and, in some cases, the prefix is expressed in full, about 
 as quickly as to use a disconnected sign. Illustration: 
 
 disconnect. 
 
 9. The syllable kong, in Congress, conqutr, etc., is expressed by 
 the ton dot, thus: 
 
 Congress, conquer. 
 
 10. Con, cam or cog can be expressed by writing the remainder 
 of the word close to a preceding word, thus: 
 
 in connection, in consideration, common consent. 
 
 must contrive, to be concluded, will convince. 
 
 ii. READING EXERCISE. 
 
 -- , 'I* 
 
 _ ......... ....... ......... ^-9 I ______ 
 
 common, commence, committee. 
 
 'y ...... ______ L ......... _ ..... 1i ..... 
 
 continued, constituent, contrition. 
 
 t ...... ;} ....... ^ ...... 3- ..... ...... ..^. 
 
 
84 SCOTT.B&QtPltJfS rEXT-BOOK 
 
 12. WRITING EXERCISE. 
 
 Compute, computed, competition, compose, composes, com- 
 posed, composiiion, compositor, compost, compound, compounded, 
 compassion, comprise, comprised, compressed, comply, complied, 
 complex, complexion, complication, complicate, combine, contain, 
 contains, contusion, constrain, construction, contrite, contrition, con- 
 tribute, contribution, consistently, constantly, continue, continued, 
 constrained, co.idemn, condemnAtion, conjure, concur, concourse, 
 concrete, conclude, conclusion, conclave, conglomerate, conglomera- 
 tion, configuration, conflagration, convex, convivial, convenience, 
 convenient, convey conveyance, convert, convertible, conceive, con- 
 ception, completion, compilation, compensation, condense, condensa- 
 tion, contrive, contrives, contrary, conduct, construct, contract, con- 
 trol, controllable, contrasted, console, consolation, consolidate, con- 
 solidation, conservatory, conservation, conservatism, concern, com- 
 mune, commence, commenced, conquer, conquerable, congress, 
 congressional, cognate, cognomen. 
 
 Accomplish, accomplishments, accommodated. 
 
 Inconstant, inconsolable, uncontrollable, unconvinced, uncon- 
 querable, inconceivable, recompense, recommend, recommended, 
 recognize, recognizes, recognized, recognition, recognizable, mis- 
 construction, miscompute, non-conformity, non-committal, non-con- 
 ductor, decomposition, discomfort, disconcert, disconcerted, discon- 
 nection. 
 
 Contraband, contradict, contradiction, contradistinction, contra- 
 vene, counterpoise, counterpoint, counter-irritant, counter-irritation, 
 countermand, counter-mine, counter-balance, counterpart, counter- 
 sign. 
 
 Join /for for-e in the following words: Foreknow, foreknow- 
 ledge, forever, forward, forsake, forlorn, fore-thought, fore-handed, 
 fore-noon, fore-fathers. 
 
 Disjoin f for fore in the following words: Foremost, fore-stall, 
 forecast, foreman, foresail. See Part II., page 82, under the prefix 
 for. fore, for a fuller illustration of this principle. \\ 
 
 Magnanimous, magnanimity, magnify, magnificent, magnitude, 
 magnetism, magnetic, magnesia. 
 
OF PHONOGRAPHY. 
 
 LESSON XXIV. 
 
 AFFIXES. 
 
 The affix and prefix signs are treated and tabulated for ready 
 reference in Chapters xvi. and xvii. of Part H. TEXT-BooK. 
 
 The following frequently occurring affixes can be used to advan- 
 tage at this stage of the study. 
 
 BLE, ELY b with the /-hook when convenient to join, when not 
 simple b will answer; thus, 
 
 PA I ^ \ ^\ 
 
 ..... A ...... "" s ...... ..... T ...... 
 
 tolerable, considerable-y, indispensable, profitable-)/, sensible '-y. 
 
 SELF, SELVES a smali circle for se.'f, a large one for selves; thus. 
 
 * - ^ ~* b 6 
 
 ...... : ........... ; ....... "a"" 
 
 himself, thyself, herself, myself; themselves, ourselves, yourselves. 
 SHIP a disjoined sh; thus, 
 
 friendship, fellowship, partnership, generalship, relationship. 
 
 ING a dot following the stem; thus, 
 
 i => ' /?' \. 
 
 ______ J ................. J. .............. .T -:..._. ............. _ ............... ______ n^Ci..t ............... ____ : ........... ...... .5 ........... 
 
 .owi?ig t doing, going, cautioning, mastering, running, 
 INGS an oblique heavy tick: thug, 
 
 ings, -sayings, blessings, facings, leanings, engravings, 
 a tick or / written in ings place; thus, 
 
 vingly, knowingly, seemingly, fittingly, trustingly. 
 FUL-LY joined f Tvhen Ef with /-hook cannot be used; thus, 
 
 fainfttl-ly r loaJitful-ly, success ful-Iy, shameful-ty t yoiitkfilt, 
 
SCOTT-ZROWKE'S 
 
 HOOD -d; thus, 
 
 
 manhood, womanhood, selfhood, sisterhood. neighborhood. 
 LY, AL, ALLY disjoined Jj thus, 
 
 JZ3*=- J/C ________ 1^*--^^ 
 
 manly, densely, instrumental, detriment al t sentimentally, shortly. 
 
 To Ihua, thereto, -whereto, hitherto. 
 
 IN tlms, herein, wherein, 1h:rtin~ 
 
 AFXEJL thus, hereafter. thereafter-. 
 
 \_ _^- >1 
 
 KANDr^tlins, beforehand, longhand, behindhand. 
 
 U NCLASSI FIED ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 o advertise advertised ^> ndveni.-err.er.t 
 
 y adjust CN afforded ~~7^~ nctu 
 
 y ---- ................... 
 
 accurate c . accuracy '\ :'crv 
 
 ; ....... "c^ ........................................ 7 ...... ~~\3 .............................................. 
 
 '\ appear *\ appeared ^appearance 
 
 ryappropriate g accepts-nnce v._ af:er 
 
 ~^-^^ anywhere -~^j arrangement & always 
 "~" ........................................... ' ............................................... ".S ................................. 
 
 '^V_ arrive -X anvbpdy ^^- anyhow 
 
 T~ ........................................... 
 
 ) ask v^-r'" certri '" ^~~-- certainly 
 
 c - call jjp circumstances calr 
 
 ' clear ' ' cleared ? church 
 
 ^ consider 1 considered ^ complete 
 
All About Shorthand. 
 
 "WHAT IS PHONOGRAPHY? 
 
 PHONOGRAPHY is the art of writing by sound. The sounds 
 1 heard in a word are all that is written for the word. The alpha- 
 bet is composed of forty- two letters, corresponding to the forty-two 
 elementary sounds in the English language. The signs for the alpha- 
 bet are selected from quadrants of circles, and from a straight line, 
 written in four directions, instead of but onedirecti: n as in longhand 
 writing. It is the simplest method of writing, and is adapted to all 
 kinds of written communication, be it slow, as in friendship corre- 
 spondence, or fast, as in taking the utterances of eloquent speakers 
 talking at the rate of from one hundred and fifty to two hundred 
 words a minute. 
 
 TO WHOM IS THE ART USEFUL? 
 
 T)HONOGRAPHY is useful to every boy, girl, man and woman. 
 1 To BOYS AND GIRLS as the greatest possible incentive and aid to 
 education, and, ultimately, furnishing a pleasant and lucrative business. 
 
 To MEN AND WOMEN in economizing time and in accomplishing 
 at least a third more by its use than could be gained by longhand 
 writing. Its study and practice quickens the intellectual faculties and 
 disciplines the 'mind, giving the master of the art an advantage over 
 those who have never received the intellectual benefit derived from 
 the study of Phonography. 
 
 To MINISTERS, who can compose their sermons with the rapidity 
 of eloquent thoughts ; many of whom also read their addresses from 
 shorthand notes. 
 
 To LAWYERS in making memoranda of legal points and testimony 
 of witnesses. 
 
 To AUTHORS in composition, being able to preserve their first 
 thoughts, which are best, and accomplishing in a few weeks what 
 would take a year's labor by longhand. 
 
 To MERCHANTS in dictating their correspondence, telegrams, etc., 
 to shorthand writers, thus securing promptness in business transac- 
 tions. 
 
 To STUDENTS, law, medical, or theological, in taking full notes o| 
 their school lectures, and by it helping to pay their college expenses. 
 
 To ANYONE who may wish to make its practise a profession. 
 
ALL ABOUT 
 
 HOW SOON CAN IT BE LEARNED? 
 
 OTUDYING from one to two hours a day for six or eight weeks at 
 O one's home will enable a student to write Phonography as rapid- 
 ly as longhand is written, and this can be done by the aid of SCOTT- 
 BROWNE'S TEXT-BOOKS OF PHONOGRAPHY, (advertised on another 
 page), after which two or three months' practice, writing from two to 
 four hours a day, from some one's reading, using for dictation prac- 
 tice, SCOTT-BROWNE'S Books of ''Business Letters," will fit 
 one for a position as amanuensis in a mercantile house. Les- 
 sons given by mail would shorten the time of learning considerably, 
 and oral instruction in a College of Phonography would advance the 
 pupil still more rapidly. For professional reporting it takes longer 
 study, depending on the particular branch, or several branches of the 
 practice, the student wishes to be fitted for. Some become only 
 "Law Stenographers," others "Medical," "Sermon," "Literary," 
 " Scientific," or " General " Stenographers, combining all the branch- 
 es. The student generally fits first for an amanuensis position ir 
 business correspondence and then from that branches out into one 
 of the kinds of professional reporting. Law reporting, to a certain 
 extent, is the easiest to learn and generally the most remunerative 
 branch of professional work. 
 
 WHAT IS AN AMANUENSIS? 
 'T^HE amanuensis is a shorthand writer whose proficiency is only 
 
 1 about two-thirds that of a law reporter ; that is, his speed is front 
 one hundred to one hundred and twenty-five words a minute, and his 
 shorthand work is done entirely from dictation, in taking businesf 
 letters from the manager of the correspondence department of busi- 
 ness houses, banks, railroad offices, or letters or articles and books 
 from authors and literary men. For which he is paid by the hour, 
 day, week or folio. For rates, see Part II. Text-Book of Phonogra- 
 phy. 
 
 THE PAT FOR SHORTHAND WORK 
 
 A MANUENSES writing one hundred and twenty-five words a min- 
 1\ ute, possessing good educational abilities, receive in large busi- 
 ness houses and corporations a salary of from $1,000 a year up. See 
 list of graduates on another page for salaries they are receiving. 
 
 Official Court and General Stenographers receive salaries, or 
 make by fees, from $2, 500 to $5 ,000 a year. In some districts they 
 do not make as much as these figures, while in other parts they make 
 more. It is our purpose to keep within the bounds of reasonable- 
 ness unlike quacks who advertise only the exceptionally high sala- 
 ries of stenographers, which are by no means a criterion as to the 
 general prices paid. 
 
 Stenographers who can transcribe their shorthand notes on the 
 Caligraph or other Typewriter receive larger salaries than longhand 
 writers, because their transcripts are more legible, and by the help of 
 the machine they are able to do two or three times more writing per 
 day than with the pen. 
 
SHOR TfJAND PHONO GRAPHY. 
 
 SYSTEMS OF PHONOGRAPHY. 
 
 THERE'S no use in disguising the fact, as some teachers of the art 
 endeavor to do, that there are several practical systems of short- 
 hand in this conntry, all of them having both advantages and disad- 
 vantages, in some respects. There are, however, but four methods 
 that have attained to the character of general utility, and they are 
 
 BENN PITMAN'S, the oldest system of Phonography in use, and the 
 one having the greatest number of followers in America, but still a 
 system that has not been revised or improved for nearly twenty years, 
 since the practise of Shorthand became a profession. 
 
 ISAAC PITMAN'S latest modification used more in England than 
 America. 
 
 JAMES E. MUNSON'S completed "Complete Phonography" and 
 
 SCOTT-BROWNE'S AMERICAN STANDARD, which brings down to date 
 the best results attained by the Profession. It does away with thou- 
 sands of useless "word-signs," contractions, arbitrary and illogical 
 principles, used in other systems, and introduces simpler and more 
 practicable forms. It possesses a series of text-books arranged for 
 self or class instruction, leading the learner into full possession of the 
 art by an easy, natural and graded method. It does away with con- 
 fusing distinctions between " corresponding" and "reporting styles" 
 of writing. And leads the student from the start into reporting 
 knowledge and practice. 
 
 WHICH IS THE BEST SYSTEM? 
 
 REASON would dictate that that system was best that could be 
 learned with the greatest ease, written the most rapidly, and read 
 without difficulty. As most authors claim these advantages whether 
 their systems possess them or not, the best way to arrive at a correct 
 conclusion, is by the judgment passed by the writers of different sys- 
 tems, upon some one system, that one receiving the greatest favor. 
 It may be seen by referring to another part of this circular, in which 
 the opinions of stenographers are given as to the AMERICAN STAND- 
 ARD, that the same has been found more helpful than any other sys- 
 tem to the writers of different systems and necessarily must be the 
 best system. It certainly has in its favor new principles for the sym- 
 plifying of shorthand writing and the increase of speed and ready 
 reading, that are not found in other systems, and which the 
 writers of other systems adopt readily upon first seeing them. If it 
 were not adapted to become more universal than other systems, it 
 would not be accepted by the writers of different methods as it is ; 
 hence we must conclude that it is the best system, at least it is the 
 only one that improves with time, and which improvements are incor- 
 porated in such a manner as to not detract from the system as first 
 published, because the principles upon which it has been developed 
 are founded in science and logic, differing in this respect from the 
 other systems. But perhaps the strongest evidence tending to show 
 
4 ALL ABOUT 
 
 the superiority of the AMERICAN STANDARD is the fact that the writers 
 of Munson, Benn Pitman, Isaac Pitman, Marsh or any other pho- 
 nography can read it, while the writers of any one of the other sys- 
 tems cannot read any of the other styles owing to the arbitrary 
 character or plan on which they are developed. The necessity for 
 shorthand in commercial correspondence has taken the place of long- 
 hand writing and points to the fict that uniformity in writing Phonog- 
 raphy is coining to be a business necessity, the system used for such 
 purpose must be unmiscakable as to legibility, and all stenographers 
 admit that the AMKRICAN STANDARD is pre-eminent in this respect and 
 hence is the system for the masses, and the best for the numerous 
 reasons mentioned. 
 
 Read the commendations of eminent stenographers on another page. 
 
 WHAT SYSTEM 'WOULD IT BE BEST TO LEARN ? 
 
 IT WOULD be best to learn that system that is in most general use 
 among p' ofessional reporters. It may be asked why ? There are 
 several reasons; the m ist imp irtant is that a .ur^iU deal of correspond- 
 ence is being conducted ii shortnand chara> ters. The time lost in 
 transcribingcan i.e saved to businessmen if correspondence can be done 
 in shorthand so as to be as readily deciphered by the the receiver as 
 by the sender f f a shorthand letter. That system which is most used 
 by reporters will become the one on which thru business necessi- 
 ties the business world will unite and use as its standard. The Am- 
 erican Congress is reported by a. corps of stenographers, any one of 
 whom can read the notes of the others, so that in case of accident by 
 sickness or otherwise, one reporter can take the work of another and 
 transcribe it. The reporters by the AMKKICAN S ANUAKD system, 
 which is founded on the same plan of logical consistency and simpli- 
 city that is used by the Congressional Reporters, read each other's 
 notes with the same facility, and as this method is the simplified and 
 improved Benn Pitman style, and is the oldest system practised, and 
 necessarily the one used by the large majority of professionals, it is 
 the best system for the stu lent, to adopt as his standard. Uniformity 
 in shorthand writing has more advantages than can be enumerated in 
 this connection. When this condition is reached, shonhand will be 
 in as general use as longhand is to-day, and the only thing that keeps 
 it from becoming as popular is the wrangle of system makers, who 
 will not work to this end, but labor only for the selfish purpose of a little 
 fame and less money in projecting systems of ephemeral duration. 
 Again, all systems except the AMERICAN STANDARD are so arbitrarily 
 constructed that no two writers of any one of them writes in uni- 
 formity with any other. The principles are so arbitrary, the 
 devices and contractions so complicated that practioners vary in their 
 choice of writing words, and so find it difficult to read each other's 
 notes. The AMERICAN STANDARD is founded and carried out upon a 
 plan of simplicity and analogy, avoiding arbitrary and illogical 
 methods, so that all can write it with perfect uniformity, and gain with 
 it the highest results attained in shorthand reporting. 
 
SHOR TH ANDPHONOGRAPHY. 
 
 HOW TEACHING IS DONE. 
 
 T3EGINNERS are taught the system most in use in this country ; 
 f) wiule students of any of the other systems are advanced into re- 
 porting practise by the systems they have studied. All instruction is 
 imparted by dictation, in the very manner the art will be employed 
 when learned. There is no dull, unin cresting routine of reciting 
 lessons. '1 he principles are learned and applied by practise from 
 actual dictation, and the pupil is made as ready in reading his notes 
 as in writing them. 
 
 Pupils are invited to spend their entire time at the College during 
 business hours, in practise in reading their notes, and writing with each 
 other, when not engaged in classes, or practising typewriting for a 
 change or rest. 
 
 Lessons may be taken at the rate of one, two, three, four or five a 
 week, day-time or evening, by mail or orally, as the pupil finds most 
 convenient. The student makes the best progress on three lessons a 
 week if he has only a portion of his time to study. Those having 
 command of the entire time do best by taking five or six lessons a week. 
 
 SPECIAL OPPORTUNITIES, 
 
 THE POPULARITY attained by the College, together with the 
 success achieved by it in obtaining positions for graduates, have at- 
 tracted the aitention of business men and those in need of steno- 
 graphic help, who are almost daily applying to us for stenographers. 
 Competent pupils are favored with reporting of this kind, for which they 
 receive the full rates paid the profession. 
 
 Thru the efforts of Mr. Scott-Browne's BUREAU stenographers are 
 constantly being sent to all parts of the country to take dictations or 
 report Congressional and other Committees, Conventions, Boards, 
 Literary Societies, Business Meetings, Political Speeches, Associ- 
 ations, Trials, etc., etc. 
 
 Besides these opportunities for pupils doing actual work, those who 
 learn to operate a typewriter (see description on another page) are 
 taken into our business office and trained in writing business letters 
 from dictation and transcribing them on the machine, thus gaining 
 actual business experience. 
 
 TIME REQUIRED TO GRADUATE. 
 
 A THREE months' course in the study of shorthand alone is gen- 
 erally sufficient to fit for amanuensis' work of moderate require^ 
 ments. Some students remain in the College longer and attain higher 
 proficiency, obtaining thereby a better position and larger salary. 
 LESSONS BY MAIL. 
 
 FOR information as to how lessons are given successfully thru the 
 mail write us on the subject. We have developed the 
 most successful method of giving instruction by mail now in use ; 
 many graduates, as may be seen on another page, having mastered 
 the art thoroly by such lessons an4 are tuny in remunerative short- 
 hand positions. 
 
6 ALL ABOUT 
 
 TYPEWRITING. 
 
 THIS is a rapid means of rendering shorthand notes into readable 
 shape and is done by a machine made for that purpose, a know- 
 ledge of which is indispensible to the stenographer. Typewriting is 
 taught in the Scott-Browne Chain of Phonographic Colleges, where 
 the most thoro knowledge of Phonography is imparted. As an ak! 
 to the mastery of this little machine, which is learned in a short 
 time, we would recommend Scott-Browne's Typewriting Instructor, a 
 description of which may be seen on another page. 
 
 EXCHANGE OF BOOKS. 
 
 WRITERS of other systems who would prefer taking instruction 
 in the AMERICAN STANDARD method and exchange for the books 
 of the latter system, can do so at a trifling expense. It may be 
 stated that other books that are to be displaced by the series recom- 
 mended here will be accepted at one fourth their cost price. 
 
 TERMS FOR INSTRUCTION. 
 
 THE TERMS for lessons will be found on the last outside cover 
 page of this pamphlet. We invite correspondence in regard to 
 our school, board, etc., etc., which information we will be glad to 
 furnish any correspondent. 
 
 CHAIN OF PHONOGRAPHIC COLLEGES. 
 
 ^PHIS school is a branch of the Cham of Phonographic Colleges 
 1 established by Mr. D. L. Scott-Browne, author of the AMERICAN 
 STANDARD system. The purpose of Mr.Scott-Browne in establishing this 
 chain of colleges is to confer benefits upon our graduates by his sys 
 tem, especially, and to help those who complete their courses ot 
 instruction by any other system in our school. Our graduates will. 
 by request, if their application is accompanied by the recommendation 
 of their teacher, have their names registered free of charge on the 
 books of the Bureau for Supplying Stenographic Help, at Mr. Scott- 
 Browne's office in New-York, and such persons will be shown a pre- 
 ference over all other stenographers in obtaining positions. 
 
 To persons contemplating taking up the study of Phonography it 
 will be seen that this advantage, together with the advantage of writing 
 the system most practised by reporters, will be found a very material 
 aid to their success. This chain of Phonographic Colleges forms the 
 only system of its kind in existence, and they are the only schools 
 that not only take the pupil through the theory of shorthand, but 
 also establish him or her in its practise, by watching the graduate's 
 course continually, and recommending him for a position at the 
 earliest opportunity after his graduation. It must not be understood 
 however that positions are guaranteed, as the plan is simply to unite 
 the influence of many gschools with that of the popularity of the 
 original school in New- York, and confer upon the graduates of our 
 school the benefits of the combined chain of colleges. It may be seen 
 
jiow by this means a young stenographer without acquaintance or in- 
 fluence may have some one who has the power derived from such 
 position to aid, recommend, introduce and plead his case, and help 
 him to make a success of his undertaking. This is a benefit not 
 conferred by any other system or school to one tenth the extent it is 
 carried out in this strong and popular combination. 
 
 BOARD. 
 
 BOARD will be procured for pupils to suit their tastes, varying in 
 price from moderate to dear, according to the style desired. By 
 correspondence we could tell the exact cost of board. It will only be 
 necessary for the student to call at the office of the College, or write, 
 and state what he desires in board, etc., etc., in order to be suited. 
 
 MONEY MATTERS. 
 
 OUPILS" money will be deposited in Bank when desired, and drafts, 
 1 checks or post-office orders cashed, thus saving them trouble and 
 expense. 
 
 THE "AMERICAN STANDARD" SERIES OF PHONO- 
 GRAPHIC TEXT-BOOKS. 
 
 npHE following list of works are the only books from which the 
 1 popular AMERICAN STANDARD system of Phonography can be 
 learned. They differ from other shorthand books in the following 
 general particulars : 
 
 FIRST: They have been prepared with special reference to the 
 student's rapid acquisition of the art for any particular branch of the 
 profession, or for general reporting. If a knowledge of law reporting 
 only is desired, the Reporter's Book of Legal Forms and the chapter 
 en Law Reporting, in Part II. Text-Book, will give all the desired in- 
 formation without hampering the mind of the student with principles, 
 terms and technicalities which apply only to other branches of the 
 profession. In learning the art for business letter writing the student 
 is aided by the Book of Shorthand Abbreviations, the Business Letter 
 Book for practise, and the chapters in Part II. on the Qualifications 
 and Requirements of an Amanuensis. The Literary Reader and 
 chapters in Part II. are for study in the mastery of the art for general 
 or literary reporting. 
 
 SECOND : Unlike any other series of books, each one of the set is 
 in perfect harmony with every other one, and the lessons are graded 
 from the simple to the most advanced style of reporting without a 
 single change in phonographic outlines. All words used as abbrevi- 
 ations remain the same thruout the system, so that whatever the 
 student learns in the beginning does not have to be changed to his 
 utter confusion and discouragement as he advances, as is the case in 
 all other systems to a very considerable extent. 
 
 THIRD : No revision has been made of the system used by nine 
 tenths of the reporters of this country for twenty years, till the intro- 
 duction of the AMERICAN STANDARD series of Text-Books, and the art 
 
ALL ABOUT 
 
 up to twenty years ago was founded only on theory. The profession 
 of shorthand reporting has been popularized and has grown to 
 enormous proportions during the past twenty years. To incorporate 
 the new principles and improved methods of practise, as well as to 
 present more concisely and clearly those principles that have hereto- 
 fore been confusing, it has been necessary to revise the present work 
 six times since its issue in August, 1882. It can hardly be expected 
 that more than slight typographical errors will need to be altered in 
 fie books for several years at least, as it could not be expected that the 
 art will change as much in the next twenty years as it has in the past; 
 but if it should the latest revisions of the series will be in accordance 
 therewith. 
 
 FOURTH : In this system new principles have been developed that 
 makes Phonography more uniform than it has been heretofore ; pre- 
 venting the unlimited amount of individuality in the formation of 
 words and, necessarily, great irregularity that has been the conse- 
 quence. By the principles of Analogy and Syllabication derivative 
 outlines must correspond with their primitives and thus uniformity is 
 established almost to a certainty. Take the book of "Abbreviations" 
 which provides forms for all that class of words that are arbitrarily 
 and of necessity written out of analogy, and uniformity is perfectly 
 established, and that, too, by the simplification of the system instead 
 of complicating it with expedients, devices, etc. By this plan the 
 system is relieved of its unnecessary burdensome character which 
 heretofore has made it such a herculean task to master : Now the 
 thousands of arbitrary principles and abbreviations have been reduced 
 to but a very few hundred. 
 
 FIFTH : As may be seen by the appended commendations of 
 professional reporters, teachers and others, this system is superior to 
 all others and is the most popular. 
 
 In the following description of the books some more particular differ- 
 ences and advantages will be noted, and the order given in which they 
 should be studied. 
 
 1 Text-Book of Phonography^ Part I, prepared for the school- 
 room or for the student's self-instruction. Presents the reporting 
 style of the art in graded lessons, with reading and writing exercises; 
 elucidating the theory in a clear, concise and fascinating manner. Is 
 a perfect manual of the art. Price .... $1.00. 
 
 2 Phonographic Copy Book, No. 1, contains single and com- 
 bined consonants and simple vowels with blank lines for their practise, 
 and should be used with the above text-book. Price - - 25 cents. 
 
 3 Copy Book, No. 2, same as above with practise on the extra 
 vowels, punctuation, capitalization, emphasis, dipthongs, joined 
 vowel ticks, circles and loops. Price 25 cents. 
 
 4 First Phonographic Reader : Affords reading and writing 
 practise on the reporting principles of the art as employed in a simple 
 style of language, and gives lists of abbreviations "at the head of each 
 lesson, which occur in the lesson, so that when the work has been 
 
SffOR TH AND PHONOGRAPHY. 
 
 completed the student has had all the important abbreviations pre- 
 sented to him in reading practise, which is the easiest manner of 
 memorizing them, differing in this respect from all other phono- 
 graphic readers. Price ...... -50 cents. 
 
 5 Key to the Reader. Hardly necessary, as the Phonography 
 is perfectly legible to any one who thoroly masters the principles in 
 the preceeding books. This work is the popular Appleton Third 
 Reader, and many may already possess it. Price 50 cents. 
 
 6 Text-Book of Phonography, Part IL contains forty chap- 
 ters, illustrating every possible application of the principles to 
 practise, with appropriate exercises for the student in confirming his 
 knowledge for ready application in time of need. Chapters on the 
 new principles of Analogy and Syllabication are given to illustrate their 
 infinite importance in the practise of the art. Speed, or the 
 Philosophy of Rapid Writing is treated in a manner never before 
 attempted, and which will be found full of information and encourage- 
 ment when the student attains that point where doubt and difficulty 
 would be likely to discourage him. The qualifications and require- 
 ments necessary for reporting are explained as well as the conditions 
 under which a stenographer works. Young stenographers errors are 
 pointed out so that they may be avoided, business grooves indicated, 
 equipments explained, and rates or salaries given. The work is an 
 exhaustive treatise on the practise of the art, being unique in this 
 respect, and the only book published from which such information can 
 be gained. Students as well as professional stenographers of all sys 
 terns require it as a book of reference and directions, general advice 
 and instructions. Price .._-.-. $2.00. 
 
 7 Book of Shorthand Abbreviations contains a complete 
 tabulated list of all the "word-signs" or abbreviations of the system, 
 together with a reference vocabulary of three thousand words in com- 
 mon use, words of peculiar construction, and words that have been 
 written in various ways, establishing uniformity for the first time in 
 any system ; phrase-signs, longhand abbreviations used in business, 
 and 400 names of persons, places, etc.; engraved in a style of the art 
 never before approached for clearness and beauty. Bound in limp 
 cloth for convenience in carrying in the pocket for reference and 
 study. Price - - - -50 cents. 
 
 8 Reporters Book of Legal Forms, showing how the law re- 
 porter in taking testimony indicates questions and answers, objections, 
 rulings of the court, remarks of the counsel, exhibits, etc., etc.: 
 designed to aid the f tudent mastering the art for law reporting, with 
 key showing how transcripts are made out. Price - - 25 cents. 
 
 9 Literary Phonographic Reader: Prepared for reading and 
 wrking practise as an aid to the student in general or literary report 
 ing, with nter-paprcd key. Price ----- 25 cents 
 10 Books of Business Letters form a collection of letters foi 
 dictation practise in gaining shorthand speed, and a knowledge of 
 business terms and technicalities. The subjects of the letters are Dry 
 
T ALL ABOUT 
 
 Goods, Agencies, Advertising, Brokerage, Collections, Credit, Insur- 
 ance, Railroading, Manufacturing, etc., etc., covering hundreds of 
 kinds of businesses such letters as have never appeared in print 
 before, and which have been collected with great difficulty from busi- 
 ness houses. The dictation of no other work could be so valuable 
 to a young stenographer for shorthand practise. These books are 
 prepared in small and cheap editions to suit the convenience of 
 purchasers. No student would need all of them. Most students 
 would probably not need more than one, depending upon the class of 
 work they would be required to do, or for which they were being 
 fitted. The contents of each volume will show the character of letters 
 contained. Those fitting for insurance offices would need all the 
 letters on that subject, which would be found in Parts III. and IV. 
 Agencies, Advertising, Brokerage, etc., would be found in Part III. 
 and other branches of business in Parts Land II. Below will be 
 found the list of businesses represented by letters in the several 
 parts already prepared. Other parts will be issued from time to 
 time, till the subject of business correspondence is completely covered. 
 They are bound in uniform style, in cloth, and sold at 7 j cenl s per copy. 
 
 Part I. contains letters under the general head of Agriculture, on 
 implements, vehicles, fowls and live stock. Under the head of Com- 
 merce railroading letters are given. Price - - - 75 cents. 
 
 Part II. completes letters on railroading, cotton and wool, oil and 
 fuel, groceries and provisions, and dry goods. Price - - 75 cents. 
 
 Part III. completes letters on dry goods, printing and publishing, 
 and gives, under head of Finance, letters on advertising, agencies, 
 brokerage, collections, credit and insurance. Price - - 75 cents. 
 
 1 1 Scott-Browne's Typewriting Instructor. A work presenting 
 fac-simile models of typewriter copying, giving specimens of legal 
 forms, such as testimony, affidavits and summonses ; specifications, 
 business letters, bills, addressed envelopes, tabulated matter, literary 
 and general work. A book that will be valuable even to typewriter 
 copyists as a model for correct forms, and to the beginner invaluable 
 on account of its graded practise exercise in fac-simile, which will aid 
 to a mastery of the typewriter in a very short time. It is adapted to all 
 writing machines, several styles being represented on its title page. 
 Price - ... 50 cents. 
 
 12 Browne's Phonographic Monthly and Reporters Journal 5 
 organ of the profession, issued the isth of each month, gives fac- 
 similes of professional reporters' notes, with key, portraits and bio- 
 graphical sketches, phonographic news thruout the world, together 
 with editorial and general discussions and the presentation of matters 
 of vital importance to stenographers of all systems; unsectarian, un- 
 trammeled, fearless and vigorous, denouncing frauds and encouraging 
 everything tending to advance the art, and aiding the student by 
 good counsel and advice. Invaluable to any stenographer who is 
 looking forward to the bettering of his condition. A sample copy 
 free : 20 cents a number : 2.00 a year. 
 
What Teachers and Stenographers Say 
 
 or THE 
 American Standard Series of Phonographic Text-Books. 
 
 From B. M. JAQOB, Traveling Salesman of the Caligraph, 721 Chestnut 
 
 Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 You must not fear about the success of Part II. It indeed supplies a 
 want long felt by stenographers in general. I received the advanced copy 
 in Pittsburg, and had many chances of showing it, and in all instances it 
 was pronounced "The very thing that was needed." No shorthand 
 writer, no matter what his stenographic creed may be, can afford to be 
 without it. It is the stenographer's friend, containing a fund of informa- 
 tion no where else to be found, and never before offered in any publica- 
 tion to the fraternity of shorthanders a recourse to which may be desir- 
 able at any moment. It is a " gem " as far as binding and typographical 
 appearance is concerned, being finely printed, every " hair-line " of each 
 character "coming up" or "brought out" legibly, to the satisfaction of 
 the most " Peter Precise " m the art typographic. I predict immense sales. 
 All stenographers, both experts and learners, will be compelled to use Part 
 II. as one of their " handy volumes." Have just sold my own copy to a 
 teacher of " Longley's Ike," also a copy of Abbreviations. He is delighted 
 with your books, and says if it were not for re-learning the vowel scale 
 of position he certainly would teach his pupils "Scott-Browne." I meet 
 many like him the fact is, there is no system to compare with the Ameri- 
 can Standard. I had a talk with a prominent teacher of shorthand in this 
 city, who holds one of the best paying positions in the place, during which 
 he said he used your books m teaching "Isaac Pitman." He "could get 
 better forms and outlines, besides ideas," which he " used to considerable 
 advantage." 
 
 From THEO. F. SHTJET, of the corps of U, 8. Senate Reporters, "Washing. 
 
 ton, D. C., a writer of the " Old Phonography." 
 
 1 have carefully examined your TEXT-BOOK or PHONOGRAPHY, Part 
 II. Wedded as I am to the Old Phonography, I find in your volume many 
 new and valuable principles which, if I were a young writer, I should be glad 
 to adopt, as I regard them to be perfectly safe in practise. Prior to last 
 year I invariably recommended Benn Pitman's Manual to those seeking 
 information on the subject, considering that to be the safest approach to 
 the Old Fifth Edition. I then became convinced that the system as laid 
 down in your TEXT-BOOK, Part I, is more legible and philosophical, and 
 changed my recommendation accordingly. Now that I see it so ably and 
 fully carried out in Part II. I feel clearly justified in so doing. I would 
 particularly commend to young writers the matter beginning with chap, 
 xxiv., containing practical information which in my own case (having 
 begun the study of Phonography when a raw country youth of fifteen) 
 it took years to acquire. 
 
Prom FRED R. GUERNSEY, an old reporter by the Isaac Pitman system, 
 now of the editorial staff of the Boston Herald, in its issue of 
 
 November 36th, 1884, says: 
 
 An event of note in the shorthand world is the publication of Part II. 
 of Scott-Browne's TEXT-BOOK OF PHONOGRAPHY. The book has been in 
 the author's hands several years, and represents his be.-t work in the de- 
 velopment of Phonography. Whether the user is a follower of his system, 
 (which is a modification of Benn Pitman's,) or not, the book will be very use- 
 ful. The chapters on writing in Analogy and Syllabication are good pieces 
 of work, and are worth the price of the book. Valuable to the writers of 
 all systems are the chapters on law reporting, newspaper reporting, equip- 
 ments, rates and salaries, qualifications, requirements, etc. There is a 
 great deal is this volume which beginners by all systems ought to know. 
 Scott-Browne is progressive, and gets out of the beaten track to the bene- 
 fit of his readers. His Text-books are models of neatness and excellent 
 arrangement. 
 
 From GEORGE McDoNAU), in Truth Seeker (New York), of which he is one 
 
 of the editorial writers. 
 
 Unlike most other systems, the American Standard has shown itself to 
 be progressive ; the author did not stereotype his first conceptions and put 
 them before the world as the last word on the subject. Where he has seen 
 opportunities for improvements, those improvements have been unhesi- 
 tatingly made. These are not, however, in the direction of arbitrary signs 
 and intricate phrases, but in the way of consistency and legibility, and 
 involve a theory of analogy which, proceeding from an established princi- 
 ple, carries a word through all its forms without changing the form of the 
 primitive. The gain by this method in legibility must be apparent to all 
 stenographers, and there is no reason for fearing any sacrifice of speed. 
 
 From W. A. LAW, Official Stenographer and writer of the Munson system 
 
 Spartanburg, S. C. 
 
 I am delighted with TEXT- BOOK, Part 11. Having examined carefully 
 half a dozen of the most popular phonographic text-books, I claim for 
 yours, without fear of contradiction, superiority in comprehensiveness 
 and clearness. But what strikes me most, and let me say that i t takes a 
 working stenograpner to appreciate this fully, is the vein of strong, prac- 
 tical common sense underlying every principle you advocate, and the total 
 absence of those artistic impossibilities which have often been a great 
 drawback to your g reporters. The chapter on Prefixes and Affixes is ex- 
 cellent ; your treatise on speed is a valuable acquisition to shorthand liter - 
 ture. These are not half the good points which a rapid glance at your 
 book has revealed. Charles Dickens said, in the preface to " David Copper- 
 field," that he regarded th .t work as a father does nis favorite child ; as 
 the fa her of SCOTT-BROWNE'S TEXT- BOOK you are the subject of the 
 heartiest envy on the part of the fraternity. You should be proud of 
 your boy. 
 
From GEORGE R. BISHOP, Stenographer to the N. Y. Stock Exchange. 
 
 t have been interested in looking the book [Part II.] through so far as 
 I have had time to do so, particularly at your peculiar use of the back 
 hook following the s-circle, formerly used for tlm after the s. I have no 
 doubt that for convenience of adding the following consonant stroke there 
 would often be a good deal of advantage in this employment of it ; and the 
 question of easy junction is one of the most important ones in Phonog- 
 raphyin compassing a difficult one a writer may get left three or four 
 signs behind ; and I am in favor of even sacrificing a principle of analogy, 
 occasionally, to accomplish or secure these easy or readily written angles. 
 I think you gain something, too, by appending, or inserting, right in the 
 text, in immediate connection with the explanation of forms and princi- 
 ples, of writing exercises. I observed that you had come round to the use 
 that Mr. Eugene Davis and myself have for years made of the h-tick for 
 Mm, as well as he and the. I am much pleased with the sign myself. I be- 
 gan to use it for him shortly before Mr. Davis did, I believe, and we came 
 to the use of it, probably, from independent reasoning on the subject. My 
 reasoning was this : if the sign for who is good for both who and whom 
 why not the ft-tick for both nominative and objective. 
 
 From JOHN W. BrLLiNQ, East Saginaw, Mich., Stenographer to the law 
 
 firm of Tarsney & Weadock. 
 
 Shorthand Abbreviations and Parts I. and II. of the TEXT- BOOK or 
 PHONOGRAPHY are at hand. In your Abbreviations I find many improve- 
 ments which, m my judgment, will apply to defects heretofore observed 
 in Pitman's and Graham's methods. The opportunity for forming deriva- 
 tives is excellent. There were many outlines written before in which 
 the derivatives bore no resemblance to the primitives. Tour Text-Books 
 are simplicity themselves, and ought to be in the hands of all who desire 
 to study the art, as well as those who have already mastered it. They do 
 do not go into the redundancy so much observed in other works of like 
 character. 
 
 From CHARLES C. MIDWOOD, Mechanicville, N. Y., an old practical Short- 
 hand writer by the Pitman-Graham method, and Stenographer to 
 
 the Gen. Man. of the Boston, Hoosao Tunnel & Western R. R. 
 I have read your Part II. TEXT-BOOK through from the first page to 
 the last and think so well of it that [ have gone back to first principles, 
 and am studying it very thoroughly. I have adopted almost all of the ah* 
 breviations in the Book of Abbreviations and find they come quite readily 
 Many of the outlines are longer than Pitman's, but after practising them 
 I find they can be written quite as rapidly and read much easier. The 
 chapter on Syllabication is one that cannot fail to be appreciated by all 
 shorthand writers. I have no doubt that many writers, as well as myself, 
 have sometimes found stumbling-blocks in many words ending in the 
 tion syllable, which now can be very readily overcome. I cannot too 
 highly recommend the book, and shall hereafter recommend it to aU 
 students I may teach. 
 
Prom C. C. BRENNEMAN, Stenographer to the Georgia Pacific Railway 
 Co., Birmingham, Ala., former writer of the Graham method. 
 I am of the opinion that you made the greatest discovery in Phon- 
 raphy that has yet been disclosed when ycu hit upon the principles of 
 Syllabication and Analogy, "which work together in the majority 
 of words in perfect harmony, and I do not regret at all the two years 
 lhat I waited for the single purpose of seeing your Part I. come out 
 before taking up the art for practical purposes, and I only regret that 
 I could not have been in New-York under vour instruction when you 
 were preparing your admirable Part II. 
 
 From H. P. WORMLEY, Quincy, Cal., Official Court Stenographer, by 
 
 the Marsh system. 
 
 I am very much pleased with your TEXT-BOOK OF PHONOGRAPHY, 
 and, although I write Marsh's system, I find many things in your book 
 which I can study to advantage. 
 
 From TIMOTHY HORGAN, of Boston, Mass., Stenographer to R. H. 
 
 White & Co. 
 
 TEXT-BOOK Part II. seems to be "just the thing." It anticipates 
 everything that might be of use to the student or necessary for him to 
 know, and gives a plain and satisfactory exposition of phonographic 
 principles. I was very much puzzled in trying to understand the 
 omitting of vowels in rapid writing, or rather, "the vowel rule of 
 position," but now I have no trouble. I have received more for my 
 money than I expected, and I would not part with the book for ten 
 times its price. 
 
 From P. E. SWENEY, of Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 Part II. TEXT-BOOK is just the thing I have been looking for for 
 some time. Especially does it please me where you point out the 
 errors which the young stenographer is likely to fall into. It 
 seems to me that chapter was written for my special benefit, as 
 several of the bad habits there pointed out I had already fallen into, 
 but I trust that by strictly following your directions I shall overcome 
 them. 
 
 From JOHN JACOBS, of Gardiner, Me. 
 
 I am pleased with your Part II. TEXT-BOOK, you have done 
 splendidly in defining the laws and principles of shorthand to such per- 
 fection. You have Graham and Munson by the ears, and they will 
 have no other chance for stealing improved systems. 
 
 From F. W. PIRRITTE, of New Market, Out. 
 
 I am very much pleased that I have adopted your system, for with 
 six weeks study I gained in speed several words more than I could 
 write in Munson's system after seven months' study, and with won- 
 derfully increased legibility. 
 
From JOHN N. BRUNS, of Greenville, N. J. 
 
 I find the ROOK OF ABBREVIATIONS so valuable even to my systefii 
 (Munson's) that I should not hesitate to pay $1.50 for it, if such were 
 its cost. 
 
 From J. C. ROUZER, 1540 Chouteau Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 The complete set of your TEXT-BOOKS came duly to hand, and to 
 say that I am pleased with them is the very mildest way of expressing 
 it. I am delighted to find them very small in size, but very complete 
 in the text, and they certainly deserve the title of being a clear cut 
 set of TEXT-BOOKS for the student desiring the best there is on the 
 subject. ' 
 
 From P. E. and NELLIE M. BEARDSLEY, of Falls City, Neb., Sten- 
 ographers to the First Judicial District. 
 
 Your MONTHLY is always a welcome visitor and is studied carefully 
 by the entire firm. I estimate that the " Hel " and " Her " principles 
 have been worth to us all we have ever paid for the MONTHLY from 
 the first number. We have also adopted many labor saving forms 
 from " Offered Improvements," which could only have been found in 
 \he MONTHLY. 
 
 From E. A. KILBOURNE, Stenographer to Manager of Grand Opera 
 
 House, Chicago, 111. 
 
 To criticise the MONTHLY would require a captiousness amounting 
 to unfriendliness, and to withhold the encouragement and praise 
 the work honestly merits, would be equally ungenerous. I 
 can do neither, and by that I mean that I have no fault to find, and 
 much praise to offer. 
 
 From FRED. R. GUERNSEY, of the Editorial 
 
 I was very glad to receive from my newsman several numbers of 
 BROWNE'S PHONOGRAPHIC MONTHLY. I shall do all in my power to 
 help on its circulation. Jf is the best Short hand Magazine in the World. 
 You deserve the thanks of the fraternity for your energy and keen 
 appreciation of what the Phonographic world demands in the way of 
 a bright and newsy journal. The f ac-similes of actual reporting notes 
 are invaluable. 
 
 TEACHERS' OPINIONS. 
 
 From REV. J. T. WARD, President Westminster Maryland College, 
 Westminster, Md. 
 
 I have been very much pleased with your text-books of Phonography 
 of which I have Parts I, and II. I am not a professional reporter, but I 
 take great delight in Phonography. It is a scientific and beautiful 
 art. The first text-book that I used was a little work published in 
 New-York by Webster. I have also examined Benn Pitman's and 
 other systems, but I hare never met with any which I regard as 
 (food as yours. 
 
Prom SHOWN & HOLLAND, Principals of the Practical Shorthand School, 
 
 61 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111. 
 
 We have long desired a shorthand text-book with better arrangement 
 than Benn Pitman's text-books have at present, and have eagerly exam- 
 ined each new work to find such. "We are pleased with many things in 
 your Part I., and have had in our school some writers of your system who 
 have made satisfactory progress under our instructions, and we shall be 
 pleased at any time to receive others. Part II. of your TEXT-BOOK is a 
 guide to reporting in the fullest sense of the term. We have examined 
 your Text-Rooks, and are very glad to find that, while you do not claim a 
 new system in Phonography, you have presented the Pitman system with 
 but slight changes, in its best and most complete form. We are satisfied 
 that writers of every system will find in your book much that is valuable 
 and of assistance to every earnest shorthander in reaching the goal of his 
 ambition a more thorough practise of shorthand writing and reading. 
 
 From W. H. WHEELER, in the Auburn Daily Advertiser; Benn Pitman re- 
 porter and member of the editorial staff of that paper. 
 The Benn Pitman writers have brought to them something that is even 
 more philosophic than that excellent system, and, at the same time, nothing 
 which can confuse them in the least. 
 
 From LOUCK& CARROTHERS & BALL, Proprietors of the Capitol City Com- 
 mercial College, 119 State Street, Albany, N. T. 
 
 We used great caution in selecting a text-book of shorthand for our 
 College, and after many trials with various other authors decided to adopt 
 D. L. Scott-Browne's. We found it to be the simplest, and still the most 
 comprehensive and practical, of any which came under our observation. 
 Confident that it will meet the demand of the class-room, we cheerfully 
 recommend it to the public. 
 
 From J. E. SLOCUMB, Principal of the Phonographic Department of The 
 
 Nelson Business College, Cincinnati, O. 
 
 I have carefully examined Part II. of the American Standard Series of 
 Text-Books, and recognize in it the completion of a simple, logical, sys- 
 tematical, philosophical and practical system. You have already been 
 battering at the wall of erroneous ideas which has so long enshrouded 
 Phonography; but in this work you have reached the culminatining point: 
 the wall is demolished, its destruction is complete. The chapter on Speed 
 is alone worth the price of the book. It shows that speed does not consist, 
 as is commonly supposed, in burdening the mind with useless, illogical, 
 and hence, impracticable phrases and arbitrary word-signs; but in the 
 systematic training of the min'l and hand the mind to photograph, as it 
 were, instantaneously the words as they fall from the speaker's lips, and 
 the hand to as rapidly transfer these pictures to paper. Your treatment 
 of the principles of Syllabication and Analogy must recommend itself to 
 all. The book is original in its plan, clear in its directions and philo- 
 sophical in its teachings. The typographical appearance of the book ia 
 perfect. 
 
From M. A. Vv" ALTER, Principal of School of Phonography, 91 North 
 Pearl Street, Albany, N. Y. 
 
 I have been using Benn Pitman's Manual in my school in this city, 
 but think I would prefer your book, as it has always been a hobby of 
 mine to keep the root word in the derivative i^ possible, and that 
 Pitman does not do. 
 
 From W. C. SPEAKMAN, Steclcvillc, Pa. 
 
 Allow me to compliment you on your truly valuable work. Your 
 books are permeated with good common sense, an ingredient not found 
 in excess in the majority of Phonographic books. I shall lay the old 
 time works on the shelf and endeavor to improve my notesby follow- 
 ing the principles of the AMERICAN STANDARD. I am a Pitman writer 
 and have long since wondered why some one had not made a common- 
 sense improvement on that once grand but now antiquated system. 
 My wonder ceases when I review your books. 
 
 From W. F. FITZGERALD, Teacher, West Troy, N. Y. 
 
 I am greatly pleased with your series of text-books. I recently 
 sold a set of them to a young man who took lessons of me in the 
 Pitman system, and he expresses much satisfaction with the simpli- 
 city and uniformity of your system. 
 
 From N. I. CONOLY, a graduate under Graham and Teacher in his 
 
 School. 
 
 I find many things in your Part II. that are valuable to students of 
 the art. Its simplicity and explicit directions must be appreciated by 
 every lover of shorthand. Mr. Underbill's chapter on law reporting 
 is a model of terseness and amplitude of instruction which every 
 student will do well to study. 
 
 From Lou C. HANS, Wichita, Kans., Teacher of Phonography. 
 
 I have a complete set of your TEXT-BOOKS and can say they are 
 worth their weight in gold. I am sure I have gained 20 words in 
 speed from the use of your Part II. TEXT- BOOK. 
 
 From D. P. LINDSLEY, author of Takigraphy, in his Shorthand Writer. 
 Mr. Browne is a teacher, and embodies his experience in teaching 
 the art. He could not fail to make a work of at least some practical 
 utility. Mr. Browne duz not claim to present a new system. Here- 
 tains the old Pitman aliabet of the nimh edition, avoiding the inver- 
 sion of the vowel scale, which made such a turmoil in England and 
 America ten or twelve years ago, and which Munson and more re- 
 cently Longley have adopted. Mr. Browne's presentation of the 
 elements is clear and practical. The joind vowel ticks of Lesson VI 
 are a good feature, and the joining of the Oa in Oasis by means of the 
 
Wa sign is quite ingenious. He also gives a joind JF"-tick which is 
 convenient. The work before us contains only Part I, and com- 
 prizes only the elements and principles of contractions, the applica- 
 tion of these principles being reserved for Part II. Mr. Browne claims 
 among other things the following distinguishing features for his 
 work: 
 
 I. A convenient order of arrangement reading and writing 
 lessons following the text. 
 
 2. Simplified directions and rules. 
 
 3. A clear analysis of the vowel elements. 
 
 4. Positiv values for the difthongal signs (making them independ- 
 ent of position.) 
 
 5- Following vowels joind to difthongs. 
 
 6. Joining brief IV and Y almost invariably initially and medially. 
 
 7. Vowels preceding or following the brief W or Y exprest by 
 ioind signs. 
 
 8. Simplifying the writing of //. 
 
 9. Changing Conflicting and illegible word-signs. 
 10. Reducing their number from six thousand to about five hundred. 
 II. Sparing use of the halving principle. 
 12. Improving the prefix signs. 
 
 These improvemcn'.s are all apparently in the right direction and 
 aim at securing advantages for Fonografy. We think that Browne 
 has made a useful work, and one that those determind to adhere to 
 the old Fonografy wil do wel to study. 
 
 PRESS' OPINIONS. 
 
 From the American Bookseller, April 2nd, 1883. 
 
 Scott-Browne's Text Book of Phonography is the most concise 
 work upon this art that has been brought before our notice. 
 
 From the Norristown Herald, Pa. 
 
 We have examined with much pleasure the Text-Book of Phonog- 
 raphy by D. L. Scott-Browne; it is a complete and concise work and 
 may be used to the greatest advantage by those intending to pursue 
 the study of this subject, as it is becoming the system of shorthand. 
 
 From THE EDITOR of Magazine fuer Stenographie of Berlin, Germany. 
 
 The editor of the most favorite shorthand journal in America offers 
 hereby in a very excellent shape and representation a text-book of 
 Benn Pitman's Phonography, the principal system of Shorthand in 
 America, augmented by such improvements as the author found prac- 
 tical during his long activity as teacher of Shorthand. Authors of 
 German text-books of shorthand might consider this work a model in 
 every direction. 
 
From ThoMAs ANDERSON, author and critic, London, England. 
 
 I should like to say a word about the Text-Book, and I shall say it 
 as I have always endeavored to do in criticising shorthand books, 
 guardedly and conscientiously. In the first place then, it is well and 
 elegantly got up both inside and out. What to my mind, however, is 
 of greater importance is this : that on a pretty cursory inspection I 
 find it to be a more complete, elaborate and systematic presentation 
 of Phonography than is anything of Pitman's from the great Isaac's 
 own attempts down to the attempts of independent potters at his plan. 
 I shall take any good opportunity I may be favored with to speak a 
 good word for the MONTHLY as well as to give the Text-Book all ap- 
 propriate praise. 
 
 From the Notre Dame Scholastic, Sept., 30, 1882. 
 
 This is not a new system of Phonography, but simply a new pre- 
 sentation of the old and popular system of Benn Pitman. The author 
 of the new Text-Book, well known as the editor of BROWNE'S PHONO- 
 GRAPHIC MONTHLY, and teacher of the art of shorthand in New- York 
 City, has incorporated in his work such modifications as during a 
 course of eight years teaching, and in the practice by reporters by 
 that method during the past ten or twelve years have been suggested 
 and deemed worthy of acceptance. Many of these are valuable 
 one of them alone, the tick joined to the double vowel signs 
 to express a third vowel, as in royal, trowel, continmty, etc., 
 is worth the price of the book to any stenographer. Scott-Btowne's 
 Text- Book professes to "discard many of the expedients, devises, con- 
 tractions, word-signs, arbitrary and illogical principles found in 
 other text-books and not found in the practice of reporters." Scott- 
 Browne's text-book is a decided improvement over the Benn Pitman 
 method of writing and offers many devices that will prove useful to 
 writers by all methods. The lessons 24 in number are admirably 
 arranged in consecutive order and fully illustrated with engravings. 
 The print is clear, on fine toned paper and the book is creditable 
 alike 10 author and publisher. 
 
 From Every Evening, Wilmington, Delaware. 
 
 Students of the Benn Pitman system of shorthand, will find in Part 
 i. a clear and concise, yet comprehensive, manual of the elements of 
 the art as practiced by a large majority of professional stenographers 
 of the United States. The author claims for the book that it embodies 
 the improvements made in the last ten years. Whether it embodies 
 all of them or not is probably a question upon which no two practical 
 stenographers will agree, as each member of the profession almost 
 insensibly acquires and adopts little pecularities and individualities 
 which he grows in time to cherish, if not overvalue, but it can be 
 truly said that if the student masters the lessons contained in this 
 book he will need little but earnest practice of what he has acquired 
 to fit himself for verbatim reporting. The author seems to have 
 selected in the main very judiciously from the material in hand, 
 
adopting only such innovations as have been thoroughly tested in 
 actual use. He has compiled his work, not from his own experience 
 alone, but from the combined experience of leading phonographers 
 throughout the United States, after extended comparison and inves- 
 tigation as to the best application of the principles of the art in their 
 actual practice. A good feature of the book is its simplicity. The 
 formidable list of word-signs in some other manuals is cut down to 
 dimensions which can more readily be assimilated, the most service- 
 able among them being retained with a very few modifications which 
 have been shown to be generally, improvements. When the advanced 
 student has mastered these he can readily judge for himself of the 
 advisability of extending the list, and. if he so desires, will be cap- 
 able of doing so ad libitum; but the practice of the best writers has 
 shown that there is a limit beyond which abbreviation, because of its 
 tax upon the memory and its detracting from legibility, is not con- 
 ducive to the best results in practice. Among the improvements ad- 
 opted are the very useful r</and 10 ticks, the latter indicating the w 
 sound as heard in "dwell," "quick" and many other words. 
 
 From the Daily Times, Moncton, N. B. 
 
 The Text-Book of Phonography, Part II. published by D. L. Scott- 
 Browne, 23 Clinton Place, New-York, will be found a great boon to 
 the brotherhood of Shorthand writers usingthe Benn Pitman system. 
 It has been a matter of regret among Phonographers that the latter 
 author has left his system just where it was a quarter of a century 
 ago. Though ahead of every other system founded on the old ninth 
 edition Isaac Pitman, it has not kept pace with the times, and the 
 author of the work under notice, who is widely and favorably known 
 in the profession has after long years of study and experience, 
 adopted and perfected a number of changes, which we have no hesi- 
 tation in pronouncing real improvements, and which tendto add both 
 speed and legibility to the old system, besides rendering it more 
 philosophical. There are many chapters in this work which will be 
 found not only of incalculable benefit to the student, but which even 
 the advanced writer can study with great profit, containing as they 
 do a vast store of practical information which usually] takes the ex- 
 pert Shorthand amanuensis or reporter many years to acquire in the 
 active practice of the profession. The book fairly bristles with good 
 points; its general get-up is beyond criticism, and is worth ten 
 times the price ($2.) 
 
 A useful companion to the above is Scott-Browne's "SHORTHAND 
 ABBREVIATIONS," containing a reference vocabulary of 3000 words 
 in common use, words of peculiar construction, etc., and many 
 otner features of great value to the shorthander, be he professional 
 or amateur. 
 
 Scott Browne also publishes the "PHONOGRAPHIC MONTHLY", an 
 admirable publication which keps the profession an courant with 
 everything occurmg in the shorthand world, besides containing much 
 matter of value to those who are struggling with the mysteries of 
 the art that "catches words and thoughts on the wing." 
 
GRADUATES. 
 
 The following names and addresses of a few of the graduates by 
 the American Standard will show what has been accomplished by 
 students of this system. The salaries of some are not known, hence 
 are not given. The brief record of each graduate's accomplishment 
 will be found interesting and will serve as an answer to the questions: 
 How long will it take to learn Shorthand, and what can I ear.i by it? 
 The greater number of graduates were aided to their lucrative posi- 
 tions by Browne's Bureau for Supplying Stenographic Help, described 
 on page 6, under the head of "Chain of Phonographic Colleges," 
 
 MR. J. N. BLAUVELT, of New Jersey, became Stenographer to Capt. 
 W. H. Bixby, of the Corps of Engineers of the United States Army, 
 located at Wilmington, N. C. Salary $100 per month. Mr. Blau- 
 velt was formerly clerk in a wholesale Millinery store in New-York, 
 at a salary of not more than half what he is now receiving. 
 
 MR. W, L. DANIELS, formerly of Boston, mastered Part I, Text- 
 Book in 6 1-2 lessons, and wrote 125 words a minute correctly after 
 three months' study. Is employed with the Mann Boudoir Car Co., 
 of New-York, and receives a salary of $1200 a year. Was formerly 
 a bookkeeper at a. much smaller salary. Operates the Caligraph, 
 and has found no machine to equal it for speed, durability and ex- 
 cellent work. 
 
 MR. STANLEY GARDNER, of New Jersey, first practiced Law Re- 
 porting in New-York for a time, then accepted a position of $1500 a 
 year as assistant Stenographer to the Corbin Banking Co., which in 
 time he resigned to accept a much larger salary with the National 
 Tub Works Co., of McKeesport, Pa. 
 
 MR. GEORGE D. HEDIAN, of Pa., learned Shorthand during the va- 
 cations of the schools he taught, and became Stenographer to George 
 Bancroft, the historian, at a salary of $1200 a year. He has been 
 able to do the work required in his position and graduate at the 
 National Law School of Washington, D. C. He spends his summers 
 with Mr. Bancroft in Newport, R. I. 
 
 MR. C. H. LARKIN, of Tenn., completed a course in three months' 
 time, and was placed in the house of Thompson & Bedford Co., in 
 New- York at $20 a week. He was formerly earning half that salary 
 as a printer. 
 
 MR. GEO. B. SHEPPARD, of Brooklyn, N. Y., took his first position 
 with the Indianapolis. Springfield and Decatur R. R., at a salary of 
 $20 per week. Learning the railroad business in this position he was 
 offered a better one with the Chicago & Northwestern R. R., and in 
 time a still better with the Union Pacific R. R.. of Omaha, Neb. 
 Previous to learning shorthand, he was a clerk in a publishing house, 
 at a salary of not half what he is now receiving. 
 
MR. JOHN Ross, of Canada, a carpenter by trade, learning the art 
 took a position in a large house in New-York doing business with 
 Mexico. His letters were passed over to a Spanish Translator who was 
 paid $i. per letter for putting them into that language. Mr. Ross 
 learned Spanish within a year's time by evening study and received 
 an increase of salary making the sum, we understand, of $30 per week. 
 
 MR. S. B. SHEIBLY, of Ga., a telegrapher, became stenographer to 
 Attorney General Brewster, Washington, D. C., at a salary of 1800 
 a year. He previously received $90 a month with the W. U. Tel. Co. 
 
 MR. GEO. A. TAYLOR, of Indiana, was first stenographer to the N. Y. 
 Central R. R. Co., New- York, and afterward with Cameron, Castles 
 & Story, of Waco, Texas, at $1500 a year. 
 
 MR. J. D. HASHAGEN, of New-York, became stenographer to the Sa- 
 vannah, Florida & Western R. R., and upon learning the R. R. business 
 was transferred to New-York, and made Gen. Freight Agent on this 
 and several other lines of roads. 
 
 MR. CHAS, E.PENNOYER, of Nebraska, withScribner, Welford& Co.. 
 New- York, at $20 per week. 
 
 MR. Jos. T. BROWN with E. O. Bowers, Commission Merchant, New- 
 York, $20 per week. 
 
 MR.GEO. E. PLUNKITT, of New-York, Stenographer to the Hon. John 
 Kelly, President of the Tammany Society, resigned to accept a 
 a similar position with Major Hull of the American Institute, and 
 was afterward appointed Official Stenographer of the nth Judicial 
 District Court of New- York at a salary of $2,000 per year, and 10 cts. 
 per folio for transcripts. Mr. Plunkitt is but 21 years of age, and had 
 his choice when 1 8 years old to go to college or learn a business. 
 He choose to learn Phonography, which has given him a splendid 
 practical education and abundant remuneration for his time. 
 
 MR. JOHN F. SNYDER, of Pennsylvania, first served in the New York 
 and New England R. R. Co. in Boston at $75 per month, and in due 
 time accepted $90 per month, in Lynchburg, Va., with the Norfolk & 
 Western R. R. Was previously a longhand clerk in a railroad office 
 at a salary of $50 per month. 
 
 MR. M. A. COHEN, of Savannah v Ga., was appointed official Steno- 
 grapher of the Superior Court of that City, which led to a thorough 
 knowledge of law and being offered a partnership in probably the 
 most influential law firm of the South accepted the same. 
 
 MR. C. C. BRENNEMAN, of Ohio, first took a position in New- York at 
 $15 per week in a glass house and afterwards was advanced to $18 in a 
 law office, and then accepted $25 per week with the Georgia & Pacific 
 R. R. Co., of Birmingham, Ala. 
 
 MR. W. P. NORRIS, of Richmond, Ky., graduated in three months, 
 and became stenographer to 11. S. Douthitt, Proba'.e Judge, Howard, 
 Kansas. 
 
MR. H. S. JENNISON after four months careful study \ ;came 
 master of the art and is employed by Venable & Co., the largest 
 tobacco manufacturers in Virginia, and receives from them a liberal 
 salary. 
 
 MR. J. A. SHINDELL studied Phonography while preparing him- 
 self to become private secretary to the Secretary of the Philadelphia & 
 Reading Railroad, but being limited to six weeks time in preparation, 
 did not graduate, though he mastered the principles of the art 
 in that time sufficiently to enter upon the discharge of his duties. 
 
 MR. GEO. MALONE of Washington, D. C., immediately upon 
 graduating had his salary doubled by his present employer, Mr. Frank 
 W. Hackett, 486 Louisiana Avenue. 
 
 MR. FRANCIS P. McGHAN took a finishing course, and in a few 
 months was able to take down verbatim public speeches, and per- 
 formed some very difficult reporting for the Bureau of Navigation, 
 Washington, D. C. He is a phenomenally rapid writer. Mr. 
 McGhan is a mechanic and still works at his trade, and few reporters 
 can do shorthand work at greater speed than he. 
 
 MR. JOHN McMAHON, JR., of Washington, D. C., learned 
 Phonography as a part of a practical education. His father, Mr. John 
 McMahon, of the U. S. Treasury, who is a mathematician by profes- 
 sion and a graduate of Dublin University, deems a knowledge of 
 Shorthand essential to a good business education. 
 
 MR. F. W. MOULTON, of Washington, D. C., resigned a govern- 
 ment position to become stenographer in the Washington Telephone 
 Headquarters at a salary of $900 a year. He made himself so valu- 
 able to his employers that his salary was increased to $1500 within a 
 few months. 
 
 MR. GAINES RICE, of Burlington, Ky., gained 70 words a 
 minute in two months instruction. He entered the college with 80 
 words and left with 150 a minute. 
 
 MR. S. J. STEDMAN, of Cincinnati, gained 70 words in two 
 months study; entering with 70 words and leaving with 140. 
 
 MR. DAVID STRAUSS, of Cincinnati, began the study and in three 
 months time attained the proficiency of writing 120 words a minute, 
 and was immediately made stenographer to the Railway Supply 
 and Manufacturing Co., of Second Street, Cincinnati. 
 
 MR. F. H. VOGT, of East Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, thoroughly 
 mastered Part i, Text-Book in eleven lessons, and wrote IOD 
 words per minute after taking 30 lessons. 
 
 MR. GEORGE FRANCIS TRAIN, JR., with his knowledge of short- 
 hand became teller of the Kountze Bros. Bank, New- York. 
 
 MR. G. EDGAR ALLEN, of Kansas City, Mo., with the Favorite Car- 
 nage Co.. Cincinnati, Ohio 
 
MR. WM. HARRISON, of Maine, located in St. Paul, Minn., taking a 
 position with a Railroad Co., at a salary of $60 per month which 
 was rapidly advanced to $150 a month. 
 
 MR. GEORGE LUCAS, of New-York, a dry goods clerk on a salary of $7 
 a week, after six months study of 3 lessons a week accepted a position 
 in Washington, D. C., at $40 a week. 
 
 LADY GRADUATES. 
 
 Miss JOSEPHINE CAMPBELL, of Goo F St., Washington, D. C., em- 
 ployed as shorthand writer and typewriter operator with one of the 
 largest firms of Patent Lawyers in Washington, doing the very diffi- 
 cult work that shorthand writers .".re somtimes called upon to do, viz: 
 taking specifications in patent cases from dictation. 
 
 Miss BESSIE COWELL, of 1818 i6th St., Washington, D. C., al- 
 though but sixteen years of age, is a thorough master of Phono- 
 graphy. She is a granddaughter of Prof. Robert Phipps, a gentleman 
 who has been favorably known in Washington for many years, and 
 who regards a knowledge of shorthand as necessary to complete the 
 education of a young lady. 
 
 MRS. LOUISE H. ESSELSTYN, teacher in Hamilton College, Hamil- 
 ton. N. Y., learned the Remington Typewriter in conection with her 
 Shorthand and in less than three months study of the art, was able 
 to take a position in a large confectionery supply house, at $12 per 
 week. A few months afterward, was offered a place in the office of 
 the Century Co., New-York, at a salary of $25 per week. In this po- 
 sition she was required to use the Hammond Typewriter with Greek 
 type in preparing manuscript for publication. Her educational quali- 
 fications were appreciated, and she is now recaiving about double 
 the salary she formerly received in the profession of teaching. 
 
 Miss ALICE STANLEY BOYNTON, of Brooklyn, N. Y., a lady of 
 culture and independence, learned the art for the sake of having an 
 occupation; being for some time engaged in the Export Department 
 of the Domestic Sewing Machine Co., she resigned this position to 
 accept a better one with the paper house of Wilkinson & Brother, 
 at $20 per week. 
 
 Miss KATE ELLIS, of Hartford, Conn., daughter of a physician cf 
 wealth, deciding that home life was wearisome without something to 
 do, learned Shorthand and took a position with the house of Estes & 
 Lauriat, Boston, Mass., at $18 per week. 
 
 Miss CLARA A. TISSINGTON, of Nassau, Bahama Islands, on 
 learning the art, became assistant to Mr. E. F. Underbill and other 
 New-York law reporters. The remuneration being about double that 
 gained by her former profession music. 
 
Miss IDA STEVENS, of Iowa, a school teacher became stenographer 
 to a large manufacturing house in New -York. This position was in 
 time resigned to make a visit to her home, where the Diagonal Route 
 Railroad Co. , of Des Moines, learning that she was a stenographer, 
 offered her a position at a better salary than she received in New- 
 York, which she accepted. 
 
 Miss V. J. PRESTON, of Dutchess Co., after trying the vicissitudes 
 of a clerkship in a dry goods store, upon graduating in Shorthand, 
 became the chief stenographer of Ehrich Brothers, (where she was 
 only a clerk before) at an increased salary, which position was re- 
 signed to accept a better one in the editorial sanctum of the Christian 
 Union newspaper, and this again was given up for a still better 
 position with Prof Phelix Adler, the Founder and President of the 
 Society of Ethical Culture. She has here enjoyed intellectual 
 treats rare and beautiful indeed. 
 
 MRS. F. WILKES, of California, the wife of a millionaire, learned 
 the art as a precaution in case of unforeseen reverses in fortune, 
 which was a very wise thing to do. She acknowledges that she has 
 already derived from its study more pleasure and information than 
 from anything else she ever undertook, and feels fully repaid for the 
 expense of learning in intellectual benefits derived, even if she never 
 have occasion to practise it. 
 
 Miss AMELIA TONG, of Brooklyn, N. Y., a saleslady in a dry goods 
 store, by a knowledge of the coveted art was advanced to the private 
 secretaryship of Mr. Barnes, the head of the great publishinghouse of 
 A. S. Barnes & Co., at a salary double what she received as saleslady. 
 
 Miss LIZZIE GASTON, of Brooklyn, a lady of leisure learned the art 
 to dispel the ennui of her social surroundings, became stenographer 
 to the editor of the Christian Union at a salary that afforded her in- 
 dependence and pleasure. 
 
 Miss LIZZIE DOLSON, New Paltz, N. Y., became stenographer to 
 the National Trotting Association of Hartford Conn., and afterward 
 to the Custom House brokers, F. R. Downing & Co., of New- York, 
 and finally changed to the Domestic Sewing Machine Co., for a better 
 position. In all of which places she commanded an excellent salary, 
 and each time she made a change it bettered her condition. Was 
 formerly a teacher. 
 
 Miss RENA HODGES, of Mass., became stenographer to the Ex- 
 tensive Plate Glass house of Semon, Biche & Co, which position she 
 resigned to accept a better one with F. R. Downing & Co., of 20 
 Exchange Place.. New-York. Was a teacher before. 
 
 The MISSES ANNIE A. and KATE Q. SEAMAN, teachers of the High 
 School of Nyack, N. Y., after four months study of the art, took 
 positions together in Mr. L. W. Seavey's popular Scenic Art studio of 
 New-York, where they are receiving larger remuneration than they 
 received as school teachers. 
 
PRICE LIST OF REPORTERS' 
 
 MATERIAL. 
 REPORTERS^OTE-BOOKS. 
 
 These Prices include Postage, 
 
 No. 
 
 DOZEN. 
 
 $1,20 
 
 2. 
 
 75 
 
 i Note-Book, 4x9 inches, for pen, 96 pages, 
 opening endwise, ruled for law-reporting, 
 made for patent cover, - locts. 
 
 No. 2 Note-Book, 5x9 inches, for pen, 160 pages, 
 opening endwise, for office, lecture, or law 
 reporting, made for patent cover, - - 20 " 
 
 No. 3 Note-Book, 4 xg inches, for pencil, 96 pages, 
 
 without marginal line, - - - - S " 
 
 No. 4 Note-Book, 4x9 inches, for pencil, 1 92 pages, 
 
 like No. 3, only double the thickness, - 10 " 
 
 No. 5 Note-Book, 5x9 inches, medium paper for 
 pen or pencil, 160 pages, the amanuensis' 
 favorite book for taking dictation of business 
 letters, also preferred for lecture or sermon 
 reporting, . 20 " 
 
 No. 6 Note-Book, 5x9 inches, for pen, 160 pages, 
 
 suitable for law, lecture or office reporting, 20 ' 
 
 No. 7 Note-Book, about 51-4x8 1-4 inches, me- 
 dium paper for pen or pencil, opening like 
 an ordinary book, and adapted to legal gen- 
 eral, or office reporting, 20 " 
 
 No. 8 Note-Book, 5x9 inches, medium paper for 
 pen or pencil, opening endwise, ruled for 
 law, office or general reporting, the only 
 perfectly flexible back note-book made, 
 bound in stiff covers, 160 pages and every 
 sheet laying perfectly flat, - 25 " 3. 
 
 REPORTERS 7 ~NOTE-BOOK 
 COVERS. 
 
 These books are made to fit the Note-Books above described. 
 They are useful to the Reporter, not only as a protection for the book, 
 but as well for a stiffening or back by which the book can be held in 
 the hand or rest upon the knee in writing. The numbers of the 
 covers correspond to the numbers of the books to which they belong. 
 The books are made transferable so that one cover can be used an in- 
 definite time on different books. Nos. I and 2 covers are patent 
 back, but the other covers would fit any book of the same dimensions. 
 Order by the following numbers, I, 2, 3, 5, 7. Price 50 cents each. 
 
 2. 
 
PENS, PENCILS, ETC,, ETC. 
 
 The ordinary pen or pencil does not answer for shorthand writing 
 any more than for artists' work; special pens and pencils have to be 
 used, as follows, sent post-paid. 
 
 DOZEN. GROSS. 
 
 "U' PEN. A smooth, fine pointed pen, of great dura- 
 bility, for longhand or shorthand writing, - 20 cts. $2. 
 
 ESTERBROOK'S FALCON. A most excellent pen, 20 cts. $2. 
 
 SPENCERIAN. Especially adapted to artistic short- 
 hand writing where a very fine line and handsome 
 shading is required, - - - - 20 cts. $2. 
 
 THREE POINTED PEN. A great favorite; used en- 
 tirely by the Congressional Reporters; short-nibbed, 
 very flexible near the point, quick acting, greatly 
 reducing the labor of writing, and lessening the 
 tendency to Writer's Paralysis. Price, - - 20 cts. $2. 
 
 Any other Pen preferred by Stenographers can be furnished to order. 
 
 EACH. 
 
 GOLD PEN. Short nibbed, qnick acting, made especially 
 for shorthand writing, and after a thorough test by 
 Stenographers pronounced the best gold pen for their 
 uses. Selected to suit the hand of the purchaser, b> his 
 sending a sample of his longhand writing, and style of . 
 steel pen used, -- $2.25 
 
 FOUNTAIN PEN Made for shorthand writing, coarse or 
 fine pointed as desired, will not clog or leak, writes with 
 any good ink, accepted by thousands of stenographers 
 as the best, and will write a whole day with one filling. 
 Price recently reduced cne third, Plain, - - $3.50 
 
 Gold mounted, - 4.00 
 
 MAMMOTH PEN-HOLDER for relief to the hand in con- 
 tinuous writing, superior to any devise for enlarging the 
 ordinary holder, will take any size pen, is a thing of 
 beauty, ebonized and handsomely decorated by hand 
 painting. Would make a unique present for any ona 
 stenographer or not. 25 cts. 
 
 CEDAR PEN-HOLDER. Suitable for any pen, keeps the 
 ink from soiling the fingers or the work if dropped upon 
 the desk; without the steel ferrule which is supposed to 
 aggravate or tend to cause writer's cramp. 6 for 25 cts. 
 No smaller order filled unless when other goods are or- 
 dered with which it can be packed. 
 
 PEN AND PENCIL CASE. Carries a full set of sharpened 
 pencils without breaking the points, Fountain, Mammoth, 
 Gold Pen and Holder, Rubber and Steel Eraser, made 
 durable and convenient for the pocket. 50 cts. 
 
EACH. DOZEN. 
 PENCILS. The best for Stenographer's use. 
 
 No. I; pure black, without grit, and with a line 
 
 of shorthand engraved on the same. - 10 cts. $i. 
 
 No. 2, with permanent rubber tips, 10 cts. $i. 
 
 CELLULOID OR HARD RUBBER PENHOLDERS; 
 
 very handsome and durable, assorted colors, 10 cts. i. 
 
 INK-ERASERS. For typewriter use, ro cts. i. 
 
 PENCIL CASE. In black or red leather, as handsome as 
 morrocco, holding six pencils, made very strong and 
 a sure protection to the points of pencils. $2. 
 
 POCKET INK STANDS. Can be carried in the vest pocket, will 
 not tip over when in use, have large mouths, and are just the thing 
 for stenographers' use. 50 c's. $( or $3. 
 
 LEAD PENCIL SHARPENER, a simple device convenient for the 
 pocket, combining a knife with a file for sharpening a pencil so as 
 to prevent waste and soiling the fingers. Price 40 cts. 
 
 STEEL POCKET ERASER. Opens like a knife, made with a 
 cocoa or ivory handle paper cutter for trimming books, paper, 
 etc., etc. - 50 cts. 
 
 * TYPEWRITING PAPEE. 
 
 As cheap as ordinary paper and produces the neatest effect in type- 
 writer work. Single quire postpaid; per ream, by express. 
 
 QUIRE.REAM 
 
 STOCK "A", Bankers' Linen, Legal, manifolds, plain, isc. $1.75 
 
 STOCK "A", Letter size, i2c. 1.50 
 
 STOCK "A", Legal Cap, ruled for copying testimony, iSc. 2.00 
 BOND "E", Heavy, Wove, Legal, for single copies only, 25c. 2.50 
 IRISH LINEN, Heavy, Laid, Legal, for single copies, 2<;c. 2.50 
 ONION SKIN, Legal or letter size, Manifolds many copies, isc. 2.50 
 
 DOZ. HUNDRED 
 
 CARBON, Legal Cap, best, will not smut, very durable, 6oc. 5.00 
 COPY COVERS, for Legal matter, I5C. 7sc. 
 
 CALIGRAPH AND TYPEWRITER 
 RIBBONS. 
 
 When ordering please state for which machine the ribbon is wanted 
 
 EACH. 
 
 RECORD, for manifolding and neat jobs, black or 7 .rple, $i. 
 
 COPYING, for preservation in Letter Book, ,:::y color, I. 
 
 INDELIBLE, Selvedge edge, giving a permanent copy any color 1.50 
 RIBBONS REINKED for fifty cents each. 
 
VARIOUS CONVENIENCES. 
 
 OIL. The or.ly really first-class typev/ritcr machine oil to be had. 
 
 Price 25 cents per bottle. 
 
 POCKET OIL CAN. Neat and secure from leaking. Price 15 cts. 
 TAPE OR CORP. Tor i:se in binding typewriter copy. Per ball 
 
 or roll. 25 cents. 
 PAPFR FASTFNFRS f< r 1 irding copied matter, per box of ioo ( 
 
 ordinary size, 30 cents. 
 READY BINDER forhu'-ir.css papers, reporters' notes, loose papers, 
 
 letters, or periodicals, 10 cents each; 3 for 25 cents. 
 TYPEWRITER BRUSHES. One for cleaning the type from 
 
 ink, and the other fcr Keeping the parts clear from dust. Price 10 
 
 cents each. 
 RUBFER BANDS fcr Typewriter, $ cents per pair. 25 cents per half 
 
 dozen pairs, assorted sizes for office use, 25 cents a dozen. 
 TYPEWRITER COPY HOLDER, made of metal, saves time and 
 
 eyes, and adds profit to labor, sent by express at purchaser's ex- 
 pense. Price $2.00. 
 
 PHONOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE PAPER. This paper 
 is put up in neat boxes, ci ntainir.g one quire each with envelopes 
 to match, ruled in red and a unique symbolical design of the art 
 printed on the paper and envelopes, making it very stylish 
 paper for shorthand correspondence. Price per box, 25 cents. 
 
 COPY COVERS. In imitation of alligator skin, very handsome 
 for binding typewriter copied plays or general matter. Price 
 10 cents each. . 
 
 TYPEWRITER CABINET, black walnut, four drawers, with waste 
 paper box, a very useful piece of furniture. Price $10. 
 
 EIGHT DRAWER CABINET, looks like an ordinary library table- 
 when the machine is not in use. When wanted the machine comes 
 up from a recess in the desk by the aid of a spring. The handsomest 
 and most perfect protector for any writing machine ever made. It 
 also contains conveniences for doing the work required by the stenog- 
 rapher in ruling, folding papers, etc., etc., without removing the 
 machine combining a typewriter table with an office desk, being 
 complete to be used for either purpose or for both at the same time, 
 without inconvenitr.ee. Price $40. 
 
 CLOTH BINDER FOR THE MONTHLY, or any magazine of the 
 same dimensions without regard to thickness, such as the Century 
 St. Nicholas, etc., etc. So simple it is understood when first seen. 
 Price 75 cents. 
 
 TYPEWRITERS. Any make of machine for Stenographers' use 
 will be supplied from this office at tfce lowest price at which the 
 machines can be sold by any agent. On some machines the 
 agent's prices can be discounted. 
 
EYE SHADE for protection for ^he eyes in working by artificial 
 light, made of cloth and perforated for ventilation, of an agreeable 
 instead of sore-eye color. Price 15 cents each. 
 
 HAND-BAG, with compartments for carrying notes, transcripts, 
 legal or other papers, having a handle, lock, chain or strap to hang 
 from the shoulder if desired. Indispensable to lady stenographers, 
 as it serves every purpose of a pocket and is more secure and com. 
 modious. Price $2 and $4. The cheaper ones being without lock or 
 shoulder strap. 
 
 THE NEW PEN-HOLDER gives to any steel pen the flexibility 
 and ease of a gold pen, holding a pen with any degree of firmness 
 desired. The freedom of action that is allowed to the shank of a 
 pen within this pen-holder removes entirely the feeling of rigidity 
 and stiffness, and consequent strain upon the muscles of the fingers 
 and wrist that accompanies the use of all ordinary pen-holders, there- 
 by making this one thoroughly anti-nervous; accommodates itself to 
 any pen, and the flexibility of the pen can be changed by turning the 
 screw-head in the holder; made of rubber and very durable. Price 
 25 cents. Mammoth size 40 cents. Pocket Reverse Holder, 55 cis. 
 
 OTHER SUPPLIES which may come into the market from time to 
 time, will be furnished from this office; in fact, anything the stu- 
 dent or stenographer needs or which may be helpful to him in any 
 way, can be had from us whether it is found on our present list or 
 not. So pleaie send us your order for whatever you may want and 
 be assured that by our prompt and fair dealing we will deserve 
 your continued patronage. 
 
\ 
 
 ^ 
 
/ 
 
 Hyattsville, Md. 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 Los Angeles 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 Form L9-25m-9,'47(A5618)444 
 
 AT 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 LIBRARY 
 
sU2t 
 1886 
 
 &m