Bfi - BROWNE'S THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES /3 C 9-/i < - Hyattsville, Md JU SCOTT-BROWNE'S TEXT-BOOK of PHONOGRAPHY. A. NEW PRESENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE ART, AS PRACTISED BY NINE-TENTHS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE PROFES- SION IN AMERICA; AND THE ONLY WORK EMBODYING THE IMPROVEMENTS MADE IN THE LAST TEN YEARS. FOR SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND PRIVATE INSTRUCTION. BY D. L. SCOTT-BROWNE. TEACHERS OP THE ART FOR BIGHT YEARS IN THE COLLEGE OF PHONOGRAPHY; EDITOR OF "BROWNE'S PHONOGRAPHIC MONTHLY AND REPORTERS' JOUR- NAL" {ORGAN OF THE PROFESSION); AUTHOR OF THE AMERICAN STANDARD SERIES OF PHONOGRAPHIC TEXT-BOOKS; MEMBER OF THK AMERICAN PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY. PART I. SEVENTH EDITION REVISED. NEW-YORK : D. L. SCOTT-BROWNE, 1886. COPYRIGHT BY D. L. SCOTT-BROWNE, 1886. PREFACE TO THE SEVENTH EDITION. This work, presenting what is known as the AMERICAN STAND- ARD system of Phonography, contains the improvements made by the profession during the past twenty-five years' practice, down to date. It has become the leading text-book of phonography in the schools thruout the country where shorthand is taught, and, especially, in the Chain of Phonographic Colleges established by the author in the United States and elsewhere. The chief improvements of this edition are : Better practise exercises on the upward and downward L and R, with simplified directions for understanding the application of these principles. Exercises in other parts of the work have been improved to make more positive and clear the application of such principles as might be employed in different ways, but which would be better used in one t/i uniform manner, thus avoiding confusion in their application. The various lists of abbreviations have been supplied with practise exer- cises which aid to their easy mastery. Some writing exercises have tvj been made over, supplying words better suited to clearly illustrate i principles. The Sen principle, which by accident was omitted from the last three editions, has been added. Also directions for the for- mation of imperfect hooks or offsets, which have been difficult for the student to understand and which are now made clear. The affix ? signs have been better arranged. A list of about one hundred and ta fifty abbreviations added and general directions given for further g study. Typographical and other discrepancies have been removed. The book has been thoroly criticized by the author and teach- ers in general during its past four years' use, and being revised now for the third time, it is believed to be the best instruction book i on shorthand writing. It has cost the author fifteen years' labor E to bring the art to its present state of perfection and to present it in ~ the most practicable manner, affording a book that will meet and remove the difficulties experienced by students. The work presents but one style of writing equally suited to all uses required either by the amanuensis or verbatim reporter, and is in every respect the system receiving the highest acknowledgements of the profession and of teachers. THE AUTHOR. Phonographic Headquarters, 23 Clinton Place, New- York City. fan. iSS6. 449450 CONTENTS. To THK LEARNER ........ r DEFINITIONS ........ viii CONSONANTS: Lesson I. Consonant Alfabet ....... i VOWELS AND VOWELIZAT1ON: Lesson II. Positiv and Relativ Values ...... 6 Lesson III. Short Vowels ....... 13 Lesson IV. Extra Vowels ...... 17 Punctuation, Capitals, Emphasis ...... 18 Lesson V. Difthongs or Compound Vowels ..... 19 Lesson VI. Joined Vowel Ticks ...... 21 CIRCLES AND LOOPS: Lesson VII. Brief addil ional signs for s and * . ... 22 Lesson VIII. Loops for st and str ...... 27 SEMICIRCLES AND HOOK: Lesson IX. Brief Signs for Wa and Ya ..... 29 Lesson X. Brief Wa and Ya Signs disjoined .... 33 ASPIRATE TICK, HEH: Lesson XI. Heh on stems ....... 37 ABBREVIATIONS AND POSITION: Lesson XII. Abbreviations Simple and Compound Stems . . 38 Lesson XIII. Abbreviations Circles, Loops and Vowels . . -43 Lesson XIV. Abbreviations Brief Wa and Ya Signs Vowsl, Stem, and Brief Sign Combination ...... 46 HALF-LENGTHS AND ED TICK: Lesson XV. Halving Stems to add t or d td tick Abbreviations . 48 INITIAL HOOKS: Lesson XVI. Small Initial Hooks for / and r on mated stems/ and r on unmated stems Abbreviations ..... 55 Lesson XVII. The Initial Circle on / and r- hook signs Abbreviations . 63 Lesson XVIII Back Hook for in, c*,un. . . . . 66 Lesson XIX. W-tick 67 Lesson XX. Small Terminal Hooks for n f and v Abbreviations . 69 Expression of Numbers .(See Part II., page 144.) Lesson XXI. S'tun and Eshun Hooks Abbreviations 75 SHADING AND LENGTHENING: Lesson XXII. Shading Em lengthening ing lengthening othsr curves and Ra and Hah Abbreviations ...... 78 PREFIXES AND AFFIXES: Lesson XXIII. Prefixes Compound Prefixes .... 81 Lesson XXIV. Affixes Abbreviations as Affixes . . . . 8s TO THE LEARNER. IN taking up the study of Fonografy the learner must under- stand, from the start, that he is to lay aside the methods of both spelling and writing words as taught in our books and dictionaries; and that he must place himself in the attitude of a child who is just beginning to learn his ABC. There are two reasons for this advice: ist. Thefonografik alfabet, unlike the one in our spelling books, contains as many letters or signs as there are elements or sounds in the English language, and not one of these letters or signs stands for more than one sound or value, hence, every word is to be spelled by just those letters or signs that represent the sound heard in the word one sign for each sound, and no more. For example, the word talk is composed of three Sounds, or elements, t-aw-k; speak is composed of four elements, s-p-e-k; back, three elements, b-a-k; laugh, three elements, l-ah-f; etc. So, in fonografy, there must be just as many signs used in spelling a word as there are elements, or sounds, heard in the pronunciation of the word; three s.igns in spelling talk, because there are but three elements heard; four signs in speak, because there are but four elements heard; and so on, in this way with all the words in the language. 2d. The letters or signs of the fonografik alfabet are all new and unfamiliar to the learner, the same as a b c are new and un- familiar to the child just learning them, and must be acquired in the same way by memorizing. The child memorizes principally by the repeating process. The adult shortens this process by bringing his mind his judgment his reasoning powers to his assistance. He calls to his aid all the ideas that he can associate in any way with the lessons he is learning, that could avail him any thing in ac- quiring them. The more intelligent the student, the more will he learn by this law of association of ideas. The quickest way to learn the alfabet is, First: read it over, noticing the name, sound, form, direction and thickness or shading of each sign. Second: read carefully what is said about the manner of writing the stems whether upward or downward, etc., following the directions given in the TEXT-BOOK, on page 2. Third: write the first eight stems of the alphabet, making and naming them in pairs, accenting the second one of each pair, and repeating words to rhyme with them as follows: SCOTT-BROWNE'S TEXT-BOOK Pe Be, Te De, Cha Ja, Ka Ga; This is for TW* to learn this for w^ to learn this aVzy. Then write the next eight stems, making and naming them also in pairs, and repeating words that will rhyme with them: Ef Ve, Ith The, Es Ze. Ish Zhe; This too, for me to learn, you j4a/ Write the alfabet in SCOTT-BROWNE'S FOKOGRAFIK COPY BOOK, following the directions therein given. The last alfabet exercise in the Copy-Book being like the one on page 3 of this book. If the Copy-Book is not used, any blank note-book will do, taking care to have the exercises neatly and correctly written. At this point ask why some of the stems are mated differ- ing only in being light and heavy. Answer. Because the elements or sounds represented by the stems of each mated pair are formed alike in the mouth, and are alike, with the exception that the light ones,/, f, etc., are -whispered, while their mates or cognates, b, d, etc., are voiced the voice being heard before the lips separate to give them utterance. Therefore the whispered mated elements are represented by light lines light sound, light stem and the voiced mated elements by heavy lines heavy sound, heavy stem. Pronounc- ing the syllables ap, ab; at, ad; ach, aj; ak, ag; etc., will enable the student to preceive, at once, both the similarity and difference between the mated elements. The unmated elements are all voiced except Hah, and are repre- sented by the curved stems that remained after the mated stems were provided for. OP PHONOGRAPHY. v \\ PENS AND PENCILS. Practise with either pen or pencil. It is better to be familiar with th? use of both. Let the pen be fine, and the ink clear and black. Hold the pen loosely so that it can be turned easily in writ- ing the outlines of words containing stems made in different direc- tions. Some reporters hold the pen or pencil between the first and second fingers. It is a good way, as the pen is more easily con- trolled and it enables one to write longer without fatigue. Both this and the usual way are recommended each as a rest to the other. Of pencils graded by numbers, use No. 3; of Dixon's pencils, use those marked S. M. (Soft Medium); of the American Fonografic Pen- cils, use those marked S (Soft). TIME REQUIRED TO LEARN PHONOGRAPHY. Directions faithfully followed and lessons thoroughly learned, together with an hour's daily practise, will enable the average student to master this book in about two months. A month's additional practise, of from two to three hours daily, from another's reading using any common school reading books (from Second to Fourth omitting all the poetry), and good business letters will fit the student to begin the work of receiving dictations of business letters, provided he can spell, punctuate and write longhand, or operate a writing machine well. These three are positiv pre-requisites in a shorthand amanuensis. HOW AND WHEN TO PRACTISE. In writing after another's reading let the same matter be re- peated three times, at least. This enables the writer to criticise his first effort, make corrections, choose better forms for words, and im- prove generally the appearance of the second effort. The third effort confirms the corrections and improvements of the second and advances one's speed. After writing any thing the third time let the shorthand notes be read as many as two or three times and written out in longhand once. Repetition in writing and reading practise, is one of the secrets of gaining speed in writing and readiness in reading. As progress is made in correctness and speed of writing, the repeating practice can be gradually discontinued. Let the stu- dent always read every thing he writes. One's own notes, after be- coming able to write easily, make better reading exercises than engraved fonografy. Amanuenses and reporters will have no trouble in reading their notes if, during the preparatory course, they faith- fully read every thing they write. DEFINITION OF FONOGRAFY, ETC. FONOGRAFY (Phonography). Any system of writing language in which only the SOUNDS of the SPOKEN word are represented. STENOGRAFY. Any system of shorthand writing, using briel alfabetic signs, arbitrary characters, principles of contraction, etc., adequate to the representation and speed of verbatim speech. The term is applied to systems of un-fonetik shorthand. STENO-FONOGRAFY. Any system of fonetic shorthand employ- ing the alfabetik signs of stenography, principles of abbreviation and contraction, devices, etc.. adequate to the representation and speed of verbatim speech. FONETIKS (Phonetics). The science of the sounds of the human voice. (Webster.) FONETIK (Phonetic) or Fonik (Phonic). Relating to the repre- sentation of sounds by characters. (Webster.) Fonetik or Fonik Shorthand and Steno- Fonografy both mean one and the same thing. The system of Shorthand or Stenografy taught in this book is fonetik or fonografik, and, hence, like all other systems having a fonetik basis, is termed, for brevity, Fonografy instead of Steno- Fonografy, there being no longhand fonografy to require the other as a distinguishing name. PRONUNCIATION OF NATURE, QUESTION, ETC. The theoretical pronunciation of the words nature, future, ques- tion, fixture, etc., is not so conveniently or quickly represented in fonografy as the popular pronunciation; therefore this work sanctions the fonografik writing of nachur, fnchur, queschun, fixckur, etc. If the reporter is to write what he hears, he will seldom have occasion to represent other than the popular pronunciation given to this class of words. LESSON I. 1. CONSONANT ALFABET. FONOGRAFIK STEM or LETTER. NAME. SOUND. POWHR. \ STRA Pe IGHT 5 P 5TEMS (MATED). as in .... .... u/ e V Be b a ELEMEN' 1 Te De t d it ,, .... .... a\d iBRUPT f / Cha Ja ch j ,, .... each .... /oy, a^e, edge % - Ka k ,, .... oa/C% roo, echo \ , Ga g ,, .... .... e^y, ego CURVED STEMS (MATED). f . Ef f as in .... i/", lau^, phase ELEMENTS. V Ve Ith The V th dh ,, .... eve, Ste//*en ,, .... .... the 2 ) Es s ,, .... .... u.r, are D Z ) Ze z ,, .... .... ooze, as . I J \ J Ish Zhe sh zh ,, .... as h, ocean .... azure CURVED AND STRAIGHT STEMS (NOT MATED). '/ ' /'"upward La 1 as in .... a/e 5 a ~\ Er r ,, .... .... ear 1 ^-upward Ra r ,, .... .... roar x^^ f '" ,Em Un Ing m n ng i> aw I, SOW? Hi "^ Wa w , , .... .... way si ^T Ya y .... .... you < S ASPl- x** Up- 3 w \RATE.- ward Hah h ,, .... .... hay SCOTT.BROWVffS TEXT-BOOK MANNER OF WRITING THE STEMS. 3. The Stems \ Pe, \ Be, \ Te, \ De, / Cha. / /a. are written downward. 3- . Ka, Ga, are written from left to right. 4- V_ ^/, V^_ V<* C M. C The, ) Es, ) Ze, _J Zh>., are written downward. 5. _J fsA is written downward when it is the only stem in a word, but when joined to other stems may be written either up-ro&rd or downward, according to rules given in advanced lessons. Wh en written upward it is named Sha. 6. f~~ La is written upward when it is the only stem in a word, but when joined to other stems may be written either upward cr downward, according to rules given in advanced lessons. When writ- ten downward it is named El. 7. ""^ Er is always written downward. 8. ^ Ra is always written upward. 9. ^"N Em, x_y Un, y^ Ing, are written from left to right. 10. ~K Wa, A~ Ya, are written downward. 11. J^" Hah is always written upward. RESUME. a. / Ish, written dow nward when it is the only stem in a word. Written either upward or downward, according to certain rules, when joined to other stems. Upward name, Sha. b. /"~ Za, written upward when it is the only stem in a word. Written either upward or downward, according to certain rules, when joined to other stems. Downward name, El. c. ^ Ra, ^ Hah, always written upward. d. Ka, __ Ga, /'-x Ern, ^ Un, v^/ Ing, written from left \oright. 9 g. All the other stems invariably written downward. NOTB. Trace and name every one of the stems on page i several times: after which, practise writing them in "Scott-Browne's Phonographic Copy-Book," page i. OP PHONOGRAPHY. 3 12. -EXERCISE TO BE WRITTEN IN COPY-BOOK. Pe, Be, \\ \\\\ \\ \\\\ Te, De, | | ........ j| ... | | ....... || ... || | | || Cba, Ja, / / ...... //.//.... / ./... ../ / / / / / Ka, Ga, ____ __ __ __ Ith, The, (.( .......... (.( ..... C.( ........ C( ......... ((... ( ( Es, Ze, ).) ...... )...) ........ )...) ......... ))... )) ......... ) ) Ish,Zhe,_/_V ...J-J. .. -J -J -J..J -J -J -J -J r r.c...c....c...r r r r r r r r Em Ya. r r .r .r.. r r r r : r" r.. r r_ Hah. NOTS. For practise on this exercise see page a of " Phonographic Copv-Bo'->k." SCOTT-BROWNE:^ TEXT-BOOK MANNER OF JOINING CONSONANT STEMS. 13. When two or more stems are used in the outline of a word, they are written without lifting the pen; the next beginning where the preceding one ends. Illustration : i p k, n t, r m I, b n t, r r, k k, m m, m ?r. 14. RULE I. The first downward stem of a consonant outline must end on the line of writing. Illustration: / _ kp t fv, ch k, pp. n I, d t. 15. RULE II. They?/ upward stem of a consonant outline must begin on the line of writing. Illustration: r k, 11, h n, sh I, m r. 16. Join the following stems without making an angle: O ....... C ..... v- .1 ...o L Ik, p n, thn, In, vg, d f, I r, N ^^\ \ 1 .O . .).. ~>: o^ V^. U . Is, m s, m n, m irj, b n%, t n, r sh. 17. Always make an angle between the following stems: f n, v ng, I m, 18. Curve Em a little more before Ka and a little less before Tf, in order to secure sharper angles; thus: ^~X__ m /', 1 HI t. Practise on the foregoing outlines until they can be written readily and neatly. Read carefully and with patience, the Exercise on the following page, pronouncing aloud, first the name, and then the sound of each stem. Illustration: NAMES. SOUNDS. V x Pe-Em p m, sounding the p as in ape, leaving of the a; m as in me, leaving off e. More. For practise on this exercise see page 3 of " Phonographic Copy-BooV- OF PHONOGRAPHY. 19. READING EXERCISE. X 'S 20. The hook on Hah cannot be made perfectly when Hah is joined to Ja, Ya, etc., but an imperfect hook or of set is made on the stems, which is just as legible to the student as the complete hook, after becoming familiar with it. The above Reading Exercise contains the correct consonant out- lines of the following words: 21. WRITING EXERCISE. a. Pope, pub, pity, -pick; bevy, busy, bush, bijou; T^.bby, tidy, tag; .daisy, duly, .door, dame, deny; check, China, cherry; Johnny, gem, jury, Jehu' keep, Ca iy, cage, coffee; Goth, Gus- sie, gush, gaily b. Fish, fame; vale, valley, veer, vary; theme, thorough; sewer; zeal; sham, shallow. c. Lehigh, lodge, Lena, lung, league, love, lobby, Lizzie, Laura, Alma; arm, ark, early, Aurora; rock, review, rib, rich, ridge, rash, rely, wreath, renew, rear. d. Make, mug, meadow, map, move, mail, Mary, maim, money, among, g,ive alms all cold toad. 7. When a vowel sign is written opposit the beginning of a stem it is said to be in the first place; when opposit the middle of a stem, in the second place i when opposit the end of a stem, the third place. 8. Observe that the beginning or first place, of a vowel, is where the stem begins to be -written. The first place of Pe, Cha, F.f, ft A, etc. , is at the top because that is wheue those stems begin; while the first place of La, Ra, Hah, is at the bottom, because that is where those stems begin. (See next page, lines 2-7, first and fourth columns.) 9. The dash signs are written at right angles to the consonant stem; that is, in an of posit direction to that of the stem. (See next page, fourth, fifth and sixth columns.) 10. The consonant portion of a word is written first and the vowel portion afterwards. * This sound \* formed in the mouth like the vowel in it, but uttertd like the vowel in up, from the back of the mouth, with the throat as nearly in position for sound- ing & (in K/) as the tongue can allow and preserve tht/arm of I (in it). TEXT-BOOk II. EXERCISE ON LONG VOWELS. DOTS. DASHES. BEGINNING. MIDDLE. END. BEGINNING. MIDDLE. END. I. I"' ; 2nd place. J 3rdplace | "' ^-f 2nd place ! 3 rd place. Vf-e %-a-ve ah a-lms aw a-\\ c-*-ld CO *. r . 1. - 1- too Te ta tab taw toe 3- Key 4- /* kay kah l caw ~T coc i coo ). \ 5- .... ) > \ ) y 6. ^ 7-. C . r .C..... C ^ - / . 8. ] * -1 Eat 9. ate aht awt i oat i oot ook Eke 10. t^_j ache ahk awk oak . r r r -T... f. \ ^ ^ OF PHONOGRAPHY. 12. RULK III. Vowels that are read before a consonant are writ- ten to the left of vertical and inclined stems, the same as they would be in longhand, and above horizontal stems, the same as an upper line of writing reads before a lower line. Illustration: A\ \ V -( } .) .r .r ope, aid, eve. oath, ace, 1 ooze, eel, awl, ore, eke, ache, oak, aim, e'en, own. 13. RULE IV. Vowels that are read after a. consonant are writ- ten to the right of vertical and inclined stems, and below horizontal stems. Illustration: X * |- ^ J: ./... C ^ ^ bow, tt a, dough, fee, sow, shoe, law, ray. hah, key, co \ " '^ o, gay* may, ma, knee, neigh, gnaw. know. 14. In naming the letters, or signs, of fonografik (phonographic) words, be careful to get the exact sound for each sign, and, after spelling the words by their correct sounds, be doubly careful to pro- nounce them exactly as they were spelled, Illustration: *S a-p, ape, and not dps v-*\ t-a-m, tame, and not tarn; P-N d-o-m, dome, and not dSmj t-a-k, take, not tacks b-a-k, bake, not hack; /*] r-a-t, rate, not rat. In this way, carefully spell, both by sound and name of each sign, and pronounce, correctly, the fonografik words on page n. 10 SCOTT-BROWNSrS TEXT-BOOK 15. Do not allow the common, printed spelling to mislead when spelling a word in fonografy. Illustration: Ache, d-k, and not a-se-aitch-e: coo, k-do, and not te-double-o; thatr, Ith-aw, not te-aitch-a-doubleyou; eel, e-l, not double-e-l; talk, t-aw-k, not t-a-el-k; though, The-o, not t-aitch-o-you-je~aitch; gale, Ga-a-l, not je-a-l-e; shawl, Ish-aw-l, not Es-aitch-a-doubleyou-l; rouge, Ra-oo-Zke, not ar-o-you-je-f. cage, ^-a^', not se-a-je e. 16. Write no more signs in a word than there are sounds heard in its pronunciation. Silent letters seen in printed words are never represented in fonografy. Illustration: Know, n-o ^ ' ; gnaw, n-aw /W ; see, s-e =- ) ; cope, -. r ..3 ^ -x <* -. \\\r N c N Y_xVvLk / ^\ - - - ~ ' ^ - N v l "" * ' l^ 1 ""^^ * ^x. /^^ \ f / _ I I ' // \. jrd Place Vowels, .3.\."\..._ r J..v -.^.o... X r M-.S V.V...X 12 SCOTT-BROWNE'S TEXT-BOOK 19. WRITING EXERCISE ON THE LONG VOWELS. Pea, pa, paw, Po, poo, ape, ope, bay, baa, bow, obey, eat, ate, oat, tea. aid, ode, day, dough, age, Jo, eke, ache, oak, key, coo, gay, fee, fay, foe, eve. oath, thaw, sou, ace, ooze, Shah, shavv, show, shoe, lee, lay, lo, eel, ale, awl, aim, ma, knee, gnaw, woe, woo. yah, yo, haw, hoe, hah. Peep, pope, peach, poach, peak, poke, opaque, Peko, peal, pail, pale, Paul, pole, babe, beat, beet, bait, boat, beach, beak, bake, bail, ball, bowl, below, beam, tape, teach, teeth, tail, tall, toll, team, tame, deep, daub, dado, dale, dole, delay, deem, dame, dome, cheap, cheat, Choate, cheek, chalk, choke, Job, joke, jail, keep, cape, cope, coach, cage, cake, coke, keel, coal, comb, gale, goal, game, feed, fade, Feejee, faith, fame ( foam, veto, evoke, vague, vogue, thief, thieve, theme, sheep, shape, Sheik, shake, zeal, leap, lobe, load, leach, liege, leak, lake, leaf, loaf, leave, loathe, leal, lame, leeway, mope, meek, muck, meal, male, mail, mole, maim, knave, 'neath, name, heap, heat, hate, heed, hoed, heath, halo, ho-ho, ha-ha. Write Ra for r in the following words, because it begins a -syl lable: Ray, raw, r5w, reap, rope, robe, rate, wrought, wrote, reed, raid, road, rowed, reach, rage, wreak, rake, rogue, wreath, wreathe, relay ream, roam, Rome, rear, roar, Reno, zero, Nero, hero. Write Er for r in the following words, because it ends a syl- lable 14^ "^ S- >C Ore, oar, pier, peer, pour, bier, bore, tear, tore, deer, door, chore, jeer, fear, four, veer, shear, shore, leer, lore. Write El (downward) for /in the following words, because it is final and preceded by either f, v or the upward r, in which case it must be written downward: Fail, foal, veal, vale, reel, rail. Write Sha and La (both upward) for ih and / in the following words, because they make the best joining: Shawl, shoal, shield, leash. OF PHONOGRAPHY. 1JJ LE SSON III. SHORT VOWELS. i. The six short vowels, classed together, are heard in the fol- lowing syllables: *(t) 4t) Used to denote mirthful feeling. INTERROGATION Used to de" note a question. EXCLAMATION Used to indi- cate feeling, pathos, won- der or surprise. All other punctuation marks used in writing and printing must be supplied in the transcripts made of one's shorthand notes. 2. Capital letters are indicated thus: E, , O, Y' N. Y., ^"^ Lima> 3. In letter writing, or in memoranda, the vowel initials of xi names, if preferred, can be expressed by their signs written in the correct vowel place by side of the cancelled Te stem, thus- IE, - T o. 4. To indicate emphasis in print, words are set in italic letters. To indicate emphasis in longhand writing, words are underscored by a straight, horizontal line. To indicate emphasis in fonografic writ- ing, words are underscored by a waved line. Illustration: Best (7 OF PHONOGRAPHY. 19 LESSON V. DIFTHONGS, OR COMPOUND VOWELS. i oi ow ew My boy's awl fiezo. DIFTHONG SIGNS. 2. The difthong signs are derived from the letter \S , or in- clined cross,- thus: Observe that in writing these signs, the angle should be made sharper than is shown in the cross. 3. The difthong signs possess fixed values, and are written in the most convenient place, usually the third place. 4. The difthong following r, as in rude, rumor, rule, etc., is not so sharp as that heard \npure, cure, beauty, etc., but the same sign is used to represent both. 5. Initial difthongs should be written first, and, if convenient, joined to the following stem. Illustration: I. Ida, ^, ivy, J ice. 6. READING EXERCISE ON DIFTHONGS. W (y. X 5J *) J, V. A 20 SCOTT.RROWN&S TEXT- BOOK 7. WRITING EXERCISE ON DIFTHONGS. Pie, tie, Ida, Ike, Guy, fie, vie, ivy, thigh, sigh, ice, eyes, shy, He, lye, ally, nigh, high, isle, aisle, pipe, pike, pile, abide, byway, tidy, tithe, time, tiny, dike, dime, idol, chime, China, jibe, kite, chyle, chyme, guide, guile, Fido, five, shiny, like, life, alive, lime, imbibe, mighty, mile, knife, hypo, height, hide. Boy, boil, toy, toil, joy, coy, coil, Voy, avoid, alloy, oil, annoy, noisy, ahoy. Bow, Dow, cow, vow, row, owl, owlish (piv-La-Sha), chow-chow, couch, gouge, fowl, foul, avowed, vouch, loud, mouth. Pew, dew, adieu, due, chew, Jew, cue, thew, Sue, lieu, hew, hue, Hugh, huge, beauty, duty, dupe, duke, eschew, juror, juicy, July, Jehu, cube, imbue, mule. Write Er for r in the following words: Ire, pyre, attire, dire, gyre (Ja-Er), fire, lyre, tire, Irish (i-Er-Ish], toiler, lure, allure (El-Er). Write /v'a for r in the following words: Rye, wry, ripe, right, rite, write, Wright, arrive, writhe, irate, aright, mire, roy, roil (Ra- El), roilly ('\a-La}, rout, rowdy, rue, pursue, bureau, jury, fury, furore, rude, review. V\"rite El for / in the following words: File, Nile, foil, roil, lloy' e . fowl, foul. OP PHONO GRAPHY. LESSON VI JOINED VOWEL-TICKS. i. A vowel (belonging either to the dot or dash class), following a difthong, is more quickly and conveniently represented by a small tick joined to the difthong sign, and written in the direction of Te on oi and ew, and of Ka on i and ow. 2. READING EXERCISE ON JOINED VOWEL TICKS. 3. WRITING EXERCISE ON JOINED VOWEL TICKS. Iota, Iowa, lona, piety, pious, bias, Tioga, diet, dial, Viola, scion, Zion, boyish, coyish, voyage, towel, dewy, Dewey, Jewess, duel, dual, jewel, Jewish, Shuey, annuity. Write Er for r in the following words: Dyer, power, tower, dower, shower, jeweler, fewer, sewer, newer. Write Ra for r\\\ the following words: Diary, fiery, riot, Ryan, miry, higher, royal (Ka-El) royally (fia-La), cower, Rowell (Ra-EI), jewelry, ruin, renewal (^/stem), hewer. Write El for / in the following words: Vial, viol, lion, royal, vowel, Roweil, Howell, fuel, Newell, renewal. 23 SCOTT.&ROWN&S TEXT-BOOK CIRCLES AND LOOPS. LESSON VII. BRIEF ADDITIONAL SIGNS FOR 5 AND Z. 1. The frequently occurring sounds of s and * are, in a large class of words, represented by a small circle, o , named Is or /z, used at the beginning of stems, between stems, and at the end of stems, thus securing convenience in joining, brevity of outline, and greater ease and rapidity in writing. 2. The circle is joined to straight stems by a leftward motion of the pen, moving in three distinct directions, as shown in this little square joined initially to the Pe stem, \ , while a fourth direction forms the stem. 3. The circle is always written on the concave side of a curve thus: ^_ 4. In joining the circle to any stem, either initially or finally, let the first and last movements be at right angles with the stem. Illustration: .S*..N. ....L C 66. t_fl o_C... CC ....... v ). j .c.. ^ Ji ^ ^ 4-f -f. o^. ^ K....V V< o^' tf V (5^ 5.x V X ..... V ....... f t /* / ,. x 6 - L- r -- IVr. t ..... T^s '~\ Tf OP PHONOGRAPHY. r.....T c...c ai. WRITING EXERCISE ON CIRCLES. Soap, soup, sips, saps, seat, stays, stows, stew, suit, sight, sty, seed, said, sad, sawed, sowed, soda, suds, seeds, sage, sages, seig. , sedge, sausages, seek, sake, sick, sacks, success, successes, Sussex, sag, sago, safe, sofa, save, seive, sythe, size, sizes, seize, seizes, sash, sashes, seal, seals, sails, sale, solo, sorry, sorrows, sore, sere, sour, sire, sir, Sam, seam, sum, psalm, sin, son, sun, sane, sign, sneeze, snows, sing, sang, sung, sway, sways, Swiss, Soho, Sahara. Pass, piece, peace, passes, pieces, pace, paces, pause, pauses, posses, possesses, base, bays, boys, abase, abases, abuse, abscess, abscesses, tease, teases, days, dose, doze, dozes, disease, diseases, cheese, cheeses, chase, chews, etches, ages, joys, Jews, juice, rejoice, rejoices, kiss, kisses, Cass, Cass's, case, cases, oaks., aches, echoes, ox, ax, axes, axis, axes, excess, excesses, excuse, excuses, exercise, exercises, exercised, guess, guesses, gaze, geese, goose, gas, gases, gauze, Guy's, face, faces, vase, vases, vice, vices, voice, voices 26 SCOTT-BROWNS S TEXT-BOOK rows, views, reviews, thighs, oaths, shows, shoes, ashes, lace, laces ( loose, looses, lose, loses, lease, allays, alleys, Ellis, Alice, raise, (Ra for r) raises, race, races, recess, recesses, rise; arise, (Er for r) arises, arouse, arouses, erase, erases, ears, oars, errs, airs, miss, misses, muss, aims, noise, annoys, noises, nose, niece, nice, ounce, ounces, woes, woos, yeas, hose, haze, hiss, hisses, house, houses, hews, hues, Hughes, hies, Hayes, pushes, bushes, tushes (upward stem, SAa t for sh following Te, De, Ef, La, Ra, and Hah), dishes, dashes, fishes, lashes, luscious, rushes, hushes, possessed, pacify, passive, passeth, pestle (p-s-l), puzzle, poison, obesity, beset, besides, beseech, basks, abusive, bustle (b-s-l), baser, besom, business, basin, baseness, ab. sence, upset, tasty, outside, task, tassel, teasel, desk, dusk, dusky, dusty, decides, decisive, diseased, docile (either upward or downard /), desire, desirous, disrobe, dislike, dispels, disloyal, dozen, Chesapeake, chosen, chisel, Jason, jostle, cusp, cask, cassock, excessive, chasm, cosmos, cousin, Casino, castle (k-s-f), Castile (k-s-t-l), gasp, gossip, gusto, guzzle, fiasco, fizzle (El stem), fos.l, vessel, vassal, visage, thistle (El stem), .lisp, receive (r-s-v), misty, mask, listen (El stem) lessen, lesson, loosen, reason, risen, rosin, resume remiss, missile, muzzle, music, musk, mosque, mistletoe (w-z-/i, mouser (Ra stem), miser, misery, honesty, nasty, necessity, necessary, nestle, nozzle, insist, resist, subsist, desist, system, scissors, saucer, season, Susan, schism, Sicily, successive, unsafe, unseen, Owasco, anxiety, anxious (Ing-Ish-ls), hasty, hastily, husk, hassock, husky, hustle (La stem), hasten, Hosannah, hussar (.Ka stem'* SHORT SENTENCES. Miss Dewey's roses. Laura's peaches. Olive's mosses. Leave Johnny's books. Naughty Darius Howe chews gum. Katie loves nice, rich coffee. Miss Lillie Snow ate savory soup Choose right ways. Resist laziness. Lizzie eats ripe, juicy pears. Maurice's slow coacii. Sadie's ice houses. Newell Dyer's sons rise early. Viola passes Jennie's house. Sadie supposes wrongs. Lucy loves Johnny. , Susan rose sad. Lizzie sings Katie's merry song. Johnny's cows '-eat husks. Dogs chase cows. Mollie hates snow. Chicago's chime-bells ring merry music. Tommy's owl cats mice- Honesty satisfies reason. Boys leap slow. Lena loves rainj days. Seek happiness. Of PHONOGRAPHY. 87 LESSON VIII. LOOPS FOR ST AND STX. 1. A small loop written initially on stems expresses initial st sounds; written finally, expresses final st or zd sounds. Illustration: \ step, '] state, cs_ steak, .f~ still, J star, tS starry, er\ stem .^I> stony, ^- past or passed, *=> guest or guessed, s~** mist or missed, "^-J? honest, ^i< abused, f* gazed, & Caroused, ^A housed. See lines 1-3 below. 2. A large final loop on stems expresses str. Illustration: ^. pastor, o~ toaster, vb" faster, r^ Lester, 0' yester. See line 4 below. 3. A circle in written on the back of loops to express s or t fol- v/ \/ lowing st or t/r. Illustration: ** posts, **> pesters. See line 5 below. 4. The loops can be used in the middle of words provided, at the point of junction, the stems do not cross each other. If the stems cross, the loop is reduced to the value of the s circle. Illustration: t ' destiny, 5>0t testify, u. yesterday. See line 6 below. 5. READING EXERCISE ON ST AND STR LOOP. I..' \ A. ..'!. V V ( 1 / \ s 2. ;\> x .& .fc< ^ t ^ ..Ss ...t7... ,/* ^ /? "~X S"^? / ^" -; 4-..Xi tr / ^ ^5 ...(9.... ^ ^ ko 28 SCOTT-BROWtfFS TEXT-BOOK 6. WRITING EXERCISE ON ST AND STR LOOPS. Steep, step, stop, stoop, stab, stub, stale, stout, steady, study, stitch, stage, steak, stake, stick, stack, stalk, stock, stuck, stucco, stag, stiff, stuff, staff, stave, stove, Stacy, steal, steel, stale, stall stole, stool, still, stilly, Stella, style, steer, star, store, starry, story, steam, stem, stony, sting, stung. Pieced, paste, paced, pest, pester, past, passed, posts, posters, beasts, baste, boasts, boaster, boost, bust, busts, abased, abused, teased, taste, toast, toaster, tests, attest, dost, dust, dusters, adduced, doused, chaste, chased, chests, Chester's, jests, joist, cased, kissed, .ast, castor, coast, coaster, costs, Custer's, gazed, guests, guessed, ghosts, aghast, feasts, faced, fist, fast, faster, fussed, Foster, vest, vast, vaster, least, laced, list, lest, Lester's, last, luster, loosed, erased, erst, arrest, aroused, raced, roast, roaster, wris* mst. roused, roosts, roosters, mists, missed, ists, masters, amassed, amused, most, musters, nests, Nast, honest, Nestor, songster, song- sters, waste, waists, West, Wistar, Worcester (Wooster), yeast, yester. Artist (Ra for r), artists, reduced, richest, rejoiced, refused, re- rised, upraised, ballast, tallest, utmost, teamster, dullest, coolest, calmest, mildest, forests, forester, fensed, evinced, announced, 7- SHORT SENTENCES. Lester likes rest. Teamster Post chased Chester West. Wistar's stomache stuff. Worcester's best yeast. Coolest, dullest^ tallest for- ester. Songsters sing artistic music, announced. Stella's music kissed starry luster in stilly eve. Jack's master testifies last. Costly stove paste. Jesters master songsters. Teamsters waste costly dusters. Artistic songsters master music. Hester testifies lest ministers sophistry master reason. OF PHONOGRAPHY. 29 SEMICIRCLES AND HOOK. LESSON IX. BRIEF SIGNS FOR WA AND YA. SEMICIRCLES. < We; 3 wa, y/, A YU. 1. Small semicircles for w and y are employed in a large class of words, adding greatly to legibility, and facilitating ease and speed of writing. Illustration: .A k i ; ^.....i ^ **-'. weep, -web, waits, watch, walks, yacht, yokes, unyoke, yellow. 2. The small circle is conveniently written within W/and W& signs to exoress sw in certain words. Illustration: A 1. L ...o... sweep, sweet, swig, swings, suavity, WA HOOK ON LA, RA, EM, UN. 3. Brief Wa is joined to La, Ra, Em, and Un, as a hook. Illus- tration: (j wail, ^ wore, swells. See next page, line 8. VI, YOI, vow. 5. The trifthongs yi, yoi, yow, are expressed by brief Ya joined to the difthong signs. Illustration: genii, Honeoye, meow. NOTE (a). In joining Wu to Pe, Be, Ka, Ga, and Ing, observe that the motions of the pen are similar to those made in forming a plain figure z. (6). In joining Wf to Te, De, Cha, Ja, and Ish, observe that the motions of the pen are like those made in forming a figure 9, vvhile Yl is joined to Te, De, and Ith, by a motion similar to th? f in .mi ing a figure 7. 80 SCOTT-BROWNS: s TEXT-BOOK 6. READING EXERCISE 7. WRITING EXERCISE ON BRIEF WA AND YA SIGNS. Wipe, web, Webster, witty, wittily, wet, wettest, wait, witticism, weeds, wade, wades, widows, widest, witch, bewitch, watch, wage, wedge, weak, wake, walk, woke, wicks, wax, waxes, waxed, wigs, wife, waif, woof, weave, weaves, wives, withe, wash, wing, wings. Sweep, swop, swoop, swab, sweet, sweeter, sweetest, sweetly, weat, Swede, swayed, switch, swig, suave, suavity, swath, swathe, swash, swing, swung, assuage, assuages, unswayed, unswathe, Zouave. Weal, wail, wall, wallow, wool, wooly, Wallace, Willis, Wells, willow, welcome, wellfare, wealth, unwell, unwieldy, unwelcome, wealthy, Willoughby, war, wore, weary, wary, worry, wear, ware, wares, beware, worse, worst, worth, worthless, worthy, unworthy, warm, worm, wormwood, swore, swear, swears, soiree, swarm, swarms, swarthy, wammel, wem, wean, wane, win, wins, winnow, wtn, wan, won, wanes, wince, winces, winced, windy, window. OF PHONOGRAPHY. 31 queen, queenly, quince, quinces, equinox, twine, twines, entwine, twin, twins, twain, twinge, twinges, piquancy, twirl, queer, qualm, wigwam, quincy, quench, quinzy, quantum, Dwinnell, quano, query, quarry, Edwin. Yacht, yoke, unyoke, yak, youth, Uriah, Yulee, Yale, yell, yellow, yellowish, (upward stem for sA), yawl, yelp, yelk, yore, (Er stem), yarrow, (fia s'.em), yam, yon, yawns, Eunice, uinique, unity, young, youngster, yank. Genii, Honeoye, meow. 8. SHORT SENTENCES. Willie Wallace works. Willie Woods sings sweetly. Eunice waxes warm. Young Yulee's yacht. Worthy's young wife. Win- nie's weak kitty " meows " Wednesday. Yellow dogs wag yellow tails. Wet dogs yelp. Willis sweeps. Edwin's wife walks Wednes- day. Wage war young swells, unworthy youths. Willie's bees swarm warm windy wet days. Swing young wives sweetly. Dis- suade Webster's unwelcome youngster. Welcome wealth, worthy youths. 83 SCOTT.BROWNSTS TEXT-BOOK LESSON X. BRIEF WA AND YA SIGNS DISJOINED. 1. The semicircles for the coalescents, W(od) Y(e) cannot be con- veniently joined between stems or at the end of stems, in a large class of words especially words containing the y(e) element and are, therefore, disjoined and written in the vowel places, taking the order of vowel sounds and made heavy when in the place of long vowels and light when in the place of short ones. 2. Tabular view of brief Wa and Ya in vowel places: WA SERIES. wit wet wag wot WUIl wool yit yet yak yon Yucatan Long. Short. we in week c wl in wa wake c we M wa < waft c wa u wa In wall j WO In wo u woke 3 WU M woo H wooed WOO M TA 6EE1ES. Long. y ya ya ya 'yo yoo year yale yard yawn yoke you yi ye ya yo yu yoo Short. in In NOTE (a). The w signs are made from a circle cut in two verti- cally, thus: Q while for the y signs it is cut in two horizontally, thus: ->- (V). The 10 sign in dot vowel places opens to the right, or towards the east, while the w sign in dash vowel places opens to the left or towards the west; and the y sign in dot vowel places opens upward, or towards the north, while the y sign in dash vowel places, opens down-ward, or towards the south. NOTE (c). Observe that the vowel sound in Wf and Yl is that of a dot vowel, hence Wl and Yi are the signs used in the dot-vow^ places. (d). The vowel sound in Wii and Yti is that of a dash vowel, hence IV& and Yii are used in dash-vowel places. OP PHONOGRAPHY. W AND Y EQUIVALENTS. 3. Before giving a list of words illustrating the use of the dis- joined semicircles, it will be an advantage to the student to under- stand clearly the alfabetic equivalents of w and y. The sound represented by is the same as in quick and nearly the same as oo iu coo (being briefer in pronunciation than oo, and in some words more like oo in foot}, and the final element of the dif- thongs o, ow, ew, as will be easily perceived by the slow pronuncia- tion of o=ff-oo\ oiv=ah-oo, ew=e-oo. 4. The sounds represented by y in fou and pity are the same as e in be and f in it; but, when followed by another vowel sound in such words as beauL?0s, -opzVxte, etc., thi*' e becomes shorter and the I sharper, producing a snVrt sound J#ce unaccented e in the syllable be in behold. Y-a, e-a, and i-)v y~o, e-f, and l-o, when quickly pronounced, are one and the same things. For' example, the syllable to in folio, can be spelt three ways folio, foijp, folyo and indicate the same pronun- ciation. 5. The following Wrds Contain 10(00) and y(e*) sounds repre- sented in different ways by alfabetvk equivalents, without changing the pronunciation: Iowa= Jo-ooa= Ioa\ Owen=Oooen==Oen; bowie= bo-ooy bo-i; boa /bo-oca ^bowa\ bivouac = bivooac = bivwac, quick kooik=-kwik/twig=-tooig=tuigv\veet=-sooeet=sueet ; Yale ale=-Iale=; yanljr 5ank==iank; India^- Indea-=Indya; opiate opeSte=opyate ; ^theistathl-Ist athyist\carrier carre-er=carry- er; anterior=aj^ereor-=antery-or. 6. There are a few words in which the sj?Uabication might seem changed by t/ie use of a sign that suggested tKe letter y such as v t>2 5/ ' / y \ V-*^ barfier, r^y^ merrier, the fonografic forms of which sug- gest the spelling of the words with a y and two r's, \nstead of three, thus: meryer, baryer, and syllabized thus, mer-yer, bar-ytr, instead of thus, mery-er, bary-er; but as there are no such words as mer-yer and bar-yer, no confusion can arise by the use of the y sign. The words collier (yer), lawyer, etc., would never be pronounced colly-er, laivy-er, for the reason that there are no such words in the language. English speaking students will have no difficulty in distinguishing between these two classes of words. _34 SCOTT.BROWNJFS TRXT-BOOK 7. There are a few concurrent vowels the initial one of which is accented which better be expressed by their separate signs, thus: I k> I* IL, ,2^ ^ Owen, & oasis using ' Wl, because it represents w with a dot vowel sound following it. \ boa, v_y Noah using 3 Wu, jr ^*L S because it represents w with a dash vowel sound following it the vowel sound* in these words being invariably pronounced in ordinary speech (even by the best scholars), nearer like^the vowel in up than liks^short ah. By taking advantage of this pronunciation a distinction can be made between \ boa, and N bowie \ / Noe and v^ Noah, etc., etc. NOTE. While it may seem teaching a tautophonical pronuncia- tion to represent the vanish or terminal sound of o by both the o dash and brief w sign attached to the o dash, it is necessary to so repre- sent it in order to secure a sign that will join legibly to the dash and at the same time represent, or suggest, the short vowel sound follow- ing the o sound. The student may regard that the dash represents the radical or initial sound of o (short, as in whole), while the w sign represents both the vanish or terminal sound of o and the short vowel following it; or he may, if preferred, regard the dash as representing full a, and brief w sign as representing only the short vowel follow- ing. Either way, it expresses the same thing. OF PHONOGRAPHY. 85 g. The concurrent vowels of poet, poem, bowie, boa, towage, Zoe, Noe, if expressed by their separate signs, are written thus: 3 Jt=*; * ^ *~ y their joined signs, thus: h It will be seen that the joined signs are more readily and quickly made, for the following reasons: The student does not have to think of the particular place by the side of the consonant stem in which to write the sign of the second vowel, and does not have to lose time in pen-liftings or in going back to place the vowel to a downward stem, as in the words poet, towage, etc. Besides, it enables the vowels to be read in their proper order, forward or downward, instead of back- ward or upward, as in the words bowie, towage, etc., where the sepa- rate signs are written. 10. The concurrent vowels in deity, deist, etc., can be quickly and legibly expressed by a single sign, thus: deity, fc deist, C\" I" theist, etc., instead of thus: I. D etc. 11. Concurrent vowels having any other than e, I, y, oo, o, TV, for the initial vowel must be expressed by separate signs, thus: \ payee. )l Isaiaji, C'\ or i* I laity, ' I or I gayety, ^~"^ rawish. 12. READING EXERCISE ON BRIEF WA AND YA DISJOINED. Nr or V \^ or V> \ H or \c. \O . N fc &...);! ......... i> ...... i) ....... U X... L. ^-.. ..... v ..... ..... EL SCOTT-BROWNS S TEXT-BOOK * ...v? * i -k K.. -E-V-V-E Xx 13. WRITING EXERCISE ON BRIEF WA AND YA DISJOINED. Poets, poetic, poem, bowie-knife, boa, towage, doughy, Zoe, showy, Louis (Lool), lower, Louisa, rower, mower, Noe, Noel, Noah, hoer, oasis, oases, stoic, Stowell, snowy, slowest, soloist. Opiate, barrier, carrier, merrier, Collier, lawyer, piano, fiasco, geology, theology, theory, theories, theorize, theorized, Zenobia, Zenia, area, Arabia, mania, ammonia, India, olio, folio, folios, foliage, deist, deistic, theist, atheist, atheistic, atheistical, atheistic- ally, atheism, insignia, maniac, superior, exterior, inferior, interior, anterior, odious, odium, idiom, idiot, idiocy, idiotic, piteous, beau- teous, tedious, copious, copiously, furious, various, impious, happier, happiest, wealthier, wealthiest, worthier, worthiest, balmiest, funni- est, studious, studiously, dubious, curious, tinier, tiniest, sorriest, silliost, annual, manual, biennial. Payee, pean, idea, gayety. stance, Isaiah, laity, Leo, Leon, eolis, rawish, eon, OF PHONO GRAPHY. 37 ASPIRATE TICK, HEH. LE SSON XI. HEH ON STEMS. i. A small inclined tick for initial A, is used on the following stems: Em, Er, and VVa. Illustration: home, homely, harm, whistle. 2. He/i is also used on the joined brief w signs and hook, made in the direction of Pe or Cha, and written upward or downward according to convenience of joining. Ilustration: ...... *S .......... \ .......... *_ ...\~ ..... 3T ...... ^ ....... .0 ......... jr\- whip, wheat, whack, whiff, whale, whir, whine, whim, 3. READING EXERCISE ON ASPIRATE TICK. r> ..^TN^V.. .rVr^p i .^- . V A 5 \r. rzr.. 4. WRITING EXERCISE ON ASPIRATE TICK. Hymn, hem, ham, hum, hemal, Hummel, homely, homeliness, homeless, homelike, homicide, homo, homily, hominy, humility, hammock, harm, harmless, harmony, harmonize. Whey, whoa, whiz, whizzes, whist, whisker, whizzed, whistle, whistler, whisk, whiskey, whiskers. Whip, Whipple, whop, whopper, wheat, Whateley, Whitelaw, whittle, Whitchor, whack, whacks, \vhig, whiff, whang. Whale, whaler. Wheeling, whir, whirs, whirl, whirligig, wherry, wharf, wharves, whim, whimsical, whine. 449450 SCOTT-BROWNE S TEXT-BOOK ABBREVIATIONS AND POSITION, LESSON XII. ABBREVIATIONS. 1. There are certain words of common, frequent use, that, fo' the sake of greater speed in writing, are abbreviated in their fono- grafic representation, the same as words are abbreviated in common print; that is, expressed by one, two, or more of their letters or signs, instead of all. About two-thirds of these abbreviations are complete in their consonant representation the vowels only being omitted; and although the advanced fonografer never writes the vowels in any word, except when absolutely necessary, these special words with vowels, only, omitted are placed in the list of abbrevia- tions, because they are never to be vowelized but learned as the special, fixed signs for those words; while the words not in the list of abbreviations are vowelized or not, as the writer finds necessary. 2. Some words are abbreviated by omitting the consonants, retaining only the vowel, while other words, still, are represented by brief signs such as the circle, loops, half-circles, etc. VOWEL RULE OF POSITION. 3. Before giving a list of abbreviations it will be necessary to explain what is termed "The vowel rule of position." It is already well understood that there are three PLACES by the side of a consonant stem for vowels. Corresponding to these three vowel PLACES are three stem or outline POSITIONS governed by the vowels: Words con- taining a first place vowel to be written in first position above the line; words containing a second place vowel to be written in second position on the line; words containing a third place vowel to be written in third position thru or under the line. 4. The first position for upright and inclined stems is HALF the height of a Te stem above the line; and for horizontals and brief signs, about HALF-WAY BETWEEN the lines of writing, according to the vidth between the lines writing a little below the centre on wide- tned paper. 5. The second position for all signs is on the line of writing. 6. The third position for upright and inclined stems is THROUGH r ACROSS, the line; and for horizontals and brief signs, UNDER the line. OF PHONO&RAPHY. 89 7. It is a great aid to legibility to write, not only the greater number of abbreviations, but also words of ONE SYLLABLE in the position indicated by the vowel or accented vowel, if a word contain more than one. 8. Some of the abbreviations are not written according to the "vowel rule of position." (a). This occurs where there are two or more words having the same outline and containing vowels of the same class; they require to be written in different positions to prevent conflict and confusion, as well as hesitancy in reading. See signs for do and had, each and which, if and for, etc. (o). Again, where there is but one word of a certain stem or out- line, it is always written in second position, regardless of the vowel rule, because that position is the most natural, and favors ease and speed of writing. See sign for your. (c), Where there are two words of the same outline and vowel class, the most frequently-occurring one is given the second position. See signs for each and which, ease and was, law and will, are and our, no and own. (d). Where there are two words of the same outline, but differing vowels, the most frequently occurring one takes the second position, regardless of the vowel, and the other one the next position to it. See which and much, think and thank. 9. SIMPLE STEMS. NO. i. ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE FONOGRAFIK ALFA3ET. V \ pay, up B \ by \ be v to be ...L u I at, out D dollar o had, X each which much 0, ' L joy / advantage _ company, ac. ompaay O give -n go, together ago TEXT-BOOK V p . z N ^ if, off ease, easy " x in, any v_ for ) was ^^ know, no \ i few Sh own _ ~J she, wish ^-^ ^- ever ^_ have ^ shall, shall Ng ^. thin s / issue ^s long, along v view L language ( think f~ law > .. W f thank-ed, thousand V" r win - A why , Dh ' allow v thee, thy f.... R way \ they, them > year -^ away / tho', thou are Y ) see =>.... our f~ your M H J say, so, saw s~^ me, my <^ high ....)... us ^-^ may, am Ohio 10. Final j is added to any of the above signs by writing the circle on the end of the stem. II. SHORT SENTENCES. Pay up your bills. It will be your dollar each time they go. It was in my wish. Which way will they go? Why do they ask them for it? It was years ago. They know why it was so Do they ever go up? Have they ever thanked ? They say so. It will be easy for us. Shall they go away ? They will wish them much joy. Each company will be large. Do they see any advantage in it? It was to be so. They may think so. If they do, she shall know it. Does she own it? No, she knows it. They had it out each day. Your things arc in Ohio. OP PHONOGRAPHY. 41 12. COMPOUND STEMS. No. a. 42 SCOTT-BROWNffS TUXT-BOOlt . / knowledge anything enlarge ... \ nothing > *-'l V. never s^^T X, Y. v "^_ nevertheless -^S' U.H. *_xi N. enough half v V subjected .. ^ sir N . best .. ~x ours, hours / I ...its ...f .... . said / / tf"^ same, some / ... such f~^~/ something / /- Ju f/.. suggest /~- because y ... ^~-*y . necessary /...^ signature ^^> most, must ^~ ... several ^_x stenographer (. .. . these, thyself honest _... C this ^0 . next c .... thus, those --*. wise SCOTT-BRCHTtrff? TSXT.&OOX highest 2. The affix " self " is expressed by a small final circle on steins, and " selves " by a large circle. 3. WRITING EXERCISE This is peculiar. They will enjoy themselves. This subject was used yesterday. Will they suggest something? She is a flrst-rate stenographer. Several said it was so. Yes, they go West next Wednesday. She is as happy as they are. The boy says his things will come as soon as they wish for them. They have only necessary things. She used yours several times yesterday. They are honest as well as wise. His highest aim is to be just. Be just, because it is best. His signature is necessary, as well as yours. 4.VOWEL SIGNS. No. 4. the v two, too ..v..to .. ... a, an 1 .owe, oh, O ! 1 ..but ana y who-m .../. should \ \i N .. all of I i i awe or how ought, aught on, he, him 6. . whose Of PHONOGRAPHY. 45 5. READING EXERCISE. 6. WRITING EXERCISE. The boy has a dog. I see a duck and an owl. They are all up stairs. At sight of it I was in awe. He ought to go soon. Too many of them are in the house. It is too much for him to do. Who took my book? To whom will he go for counsel? He or I must see to it. Will they talk to him? He will go, but I shall stay. Should he think best, they may have it. How soon will he come? Whose book is this? How long have they had it? SCOTT.BROWNRS TEXT-BOOK LESSON XIV. we with were ABBREVIATIONS CONTINUED. I. BRIEF WA AND YA SIGNS. NO. 5. K_.yet what a would beyond 2. VOWEL, STEM, AND BRIEF SIGN COMBINATIONS. NO. 6, idea ^" . area L. while > -/ knew, new _(T well I'll I will (/' where I'm, I am ^/ ... . aware v/l ~i . whensoever 6f PHONOGRAPHY. 47 .^"v^, .. whencesoever 1 S .... without ~* withdraw ^..., within . IY you're, you are 3. READING EXERCISE. .(. ..... /1A. _/..(._ ...1 c. T* ...l. 1 4. WRJTING EXERCISE. It is now time we were on our way. What would you do for him ? When and where would it be best to go ? Which one is it ? What is the area of the State in which you live^? I hope she is no worse. He may go without it altogether. We are within two miles of the house. Your ideas will have weight. Do you know yet how it is? How long ago was it? Whenever you are right go ahead. I am aware of the fact. Whoever he is we must see him. SCOTT.BROWtfBS TkXT-BOOK HALF-LENGTHS AND ED TICK. LESSON XV. HALVING STEMS TO ADD T OR D. i. A stem can be halved to add the sound of t or d &\. the end af words or syllables. Illustration: v )- debt, cuts, fate, shuts, late, art, sent, appetite, occupied, potato, e.'atfd, berated, robbed, habit, cheated, untied, aptly softly. SHADING THE UNMATED HALF-LENGTHS. 2. When the stems La, Er, Em, and Un, are halved to add d let them be shaded; but when halved to add / let them remain light. Illustration: r r. > rv /^ ^ ^ ^ ^ -^ v- fit, ailed, art, aired, sort, sword, mate, made, neat, need, pelt, -r i boiled, melt, killed, tart, desired, tempt, dimmed, silent, ruined. 3. The half-length stem for It is written according to the same rules as full-length La, while the half-length for Id is invariably made downward, because it is shaded, and is vowelized the same as F<; from the top down, because it is made downward, like Ya. Illustration: ^ X delight, polite, knelt* lead, lad, puzzled, spoiled, mailed, nailed, revealed, NOTE. The vowel after a halved stem at the end of such words as rated, righted, elated, avoided, etc., is understood to be i, there- fore it is never necessary to write it, Of PHONOGRAPHY. 49 ED TICK. 4, The syllable ed at the end of such derivativ words as fated, sifted, remitted, etc., where the primativ word fate, sift, etc., is halved to add a final t or d, is expressed by a small tick, written in the direction of Te or Ka, at the end of a word. Illustration: , *(/?, sifted, emit, emitted, sort, sorted, smart, smarted, want, wanted, wend, wended, word, worded, reward, rewarded. 5. The ed tick is also used at the end of full-length stems where it is not convenient or advisable to add the d sound by halving. Illustration: resisted, exhausted, imitated, animated, stated, studied. 6. The ^/ tick is written after the loops. When following the str loop it expresses only d with the vowel /omitted- Illustration: fasted, adjusted, disgusted, rested, fasted, lasted, arrested, -wasted, hoisted, fostered, bolstered, mastered. 7. The halving principle is very sparingly used in writing straight-stem words of one syllable; such words as feat, pit, beat, bought, boat, bead, coat, cud, goat, guide, etc,, being written by the majority of reporters with both stems, while others use the halving principle and never omit the vowels. Illustration: >c \ K < >r < TI ] or . .. 1 . r ] or ! . r "T peat, beat, bought, coat. 8. For convenience in speaking or writing, the' -halved stems can be named by adding the t or d sound to the stem name. Exam- ple: Pe, Pgt or Fed, etc.; Ef, Eft; Ve, Vst or Ved; Ith, Itht; The, 50 SCOTT-BROWNE'S TEXT-BOOK Thet or Thed; Es, Est, etc.; La, L3t or Lad; El, Eld; Er, Ert or Erd; Ra, Rat or Rad; Em, Emt or Emd; Un, Unt or Und; Hah, Haht or Hahd. This will make distinguishing terms for p, t, etc., expressed by stems, and p, t, etc,, expressed by halving. 9. . Ing, Wa, and Ya are never halved. 10. The circle or loop on halved stems always read last. Illus- tration: \ !*?... -" ^. .2. j^ L pets, sifts, salts, sorts, meets, needs, midst, didst, couldst. 11. The reporter writes st loop on halved stems to form the su- perlative degree of certain adjectives. Illustration: late, latest, toft, softest, neat, neatest, smart, smartest. WHEN NOT TO HALVE. 12. The halving principle does not apply in the following cases: (a). When initial Ra, in words of one syllable, is followed by / or d writing such words as right, rite, rate, road, rood, ride, etc., with stems for t and d. (b). When a final vowel follows t or d writing pity, tidy, duty, fatly, veto, muddy, naughty, lady, etc., with stems for t and d, in order to furnish places for the vowels following the / and d. (c). When the consonant before the t or d is both preceded and followed by vowels writing such words as abate, abode, acute, avoid, allayed, amid, unite; parried, borrowed, torrid, carried, furrowed, varied, married, narrowed, harrowed, pallid, tallowed, dallied, gullied, followed, valid, mellowed, inlaid (La for /), wallowed ( IVa hook), hal- lowed, yellowed (brief Ya), etc., with stems for /and d. (d). When concurrent vowels come before the / or d writing poet, diet, fiat, laureate, naid, etc., with stems for t and d. (e). When t or d follows a stem preceded by another stem, witfc which it does not form an angle. Ilustration: piped, bobbed, kicked, gagged, liked, fact, faggot, harrowed, reared OF PHONOGRAPHY 1 . 61 13. READING EXERCISE. TERMINAL HALF-LENGTHS. L. ..... ... V L A . v. SCOTT-BROWKB'S TEXT.BOOK INITIAL HALF-LENGTHS. TWO HALF-LENGTHS. 'W /-v^ W ED TICK ON HALF-LENGTHS. 5.. k UPWARD ED TICK. 14. In writing the ed tick on Lat it is better to strike it upward, on account of the liability, in rapid writing, of the downward tick becoming a hook. Illustration: ' H wilt, wilted, salted, related, emulated, diluted. DISJOINED WHOLE AND HALF LENGTHS. instituted, substituted, destitute, pathetic, emphatic, synthetic. \ L/1 k ..... /j.. li< k 'fc dr PHONO GRAPH*-. 15. WRITING EXERCISE. Pick, picked, poke, poked, pack, packed, tick, ticked, tuck, tucked, tack, tacked, checked, joked, jagged, reasoned, limit, remit, limited, remitted, elect, elected, erect, erected, sift, sifted, scent, scented, sound, sounded, rescind, rescinded, resound, resounded, descend, descended, decent, descent, dissent, dissented, absent, absented, invite, invited, indict, indicted, repeated, reputed, inhab- ited, uninhabited, remedied, innocent 16. -ABBREVIATIONS HALF-LENGTHS. No. 7. .lord, read J might .. immediate-ly ^ afterward inward ~J.-..outward ^/ better K debtor yield ,V until -s- little write s written writing ^2^, astonish-ed . X..e8tablish-ed *j $C& 'T7**SROW\ r 'S T&JCT'SOOfC 17. READING EXERCISE. ^ ^ V " r r ^ 1 .V....A I. fix n L. ...(. y^, I .< c , ... - .. V v i ^ "> , \t * \ ~ ^ V ___ .....C >y^...... K n ^N I I v ^..l.^-. _. r ... )....;_jri. ^ | x- ^ 18. WRITING EXERCISE. You would enjoy a visit to the old world. I want you to give me your word that you will do all the good that lies in your power. Never go in debt. Read only good books. The Lord God leadeth me. We went to the woods afterward. Do not be too forward. That was a good act. He could not read for the want of a book. He is not a bad boy. Put your cap on the rack. How much good and bfautv we ha* r e in this world ! Have vmi anv Howhr abon f it? Put about that immediately. Go not afterward in debt. Doubt not the word of God. He went east. You had better go forward immediately. He could not get the goods. Did you get the writing? He was caught in the act. I thought you went afterward. He went immediately to let you know. That writing should be better. Yield not until the word is given. He wished he had issued that little writ- ing. She went wild with astonishment. The debtor will not yield. They will take the lead in the old world. Might it not be written? He went when he was sent. I want to astonish you. One cent might be made to yield much good. Look inward if you would see how you look outward. Write immediately a little with your own hand. Better a hundred times establish yourself first. OP PHONO GKAPHY. 55 INITIAL HOOKS. LESSON XVI. SMALL INITIAL HOOKS FOR L AND R, ON MATED STEMS. i. When either / or r immediately follows any other consonant they are expressed by a small hook at the beginning of the consonant stem. Ilustration: \ \ r f / ./ pi. H, tl t N \. 1 dl, chl, jl, .\ / /.. kl, gl. pr, or, (r, dr, chr, jr, A L J... J~ fCff gr t JL Jl. fr, thl, thr, shl, shr. 2. In writing the hooks on stems, the first motion of the pen is made in an opposite, parallel direction to the stem; and the next and last motion is at right angles with the stem, as shown in the ac- companying illustration: v.<\ .......... 1.1 ........... LJ ..... ....... .;?. . :v. ..Oc/ flte, Jleeet, flow, oval, Ethel, bushel, official, ambrosial, 58 SCOTT-BROWNS 'S TEXT-BOOK R HOOK WORDS. 4. Notice that the r hooks are on the left and under side. ... .%..-%.-. \< _V.l 1...V :1 t. ..V.. /ry, praise, brew, breeze, tree, eater, trust, odor, draw, dress, CTTT... ....ET- ...... c-j ...... err.. crr .. e-* z0, /<;?, ; thr. To illustrate still more clearly, let them be written in pairs, as follows: _. ................. \ V ..... \ V'tc., .............. _.._.. //, //', bl, br, .C .."VV. *N C... ) ..... C ..... 3. J ) J J fl, fr, vl, vr, thl, thr, dhl, dhr, shl, shr, thl, ikr, the shr and zhr forms being turutd over enJwise to give the forms for shl and thl. SPECIAL VOWELI2ATION. 6. The initial hooks are intended for the expression of /and r preceded by a stem consonant without a vowel between the stem and OF PHONOGRAPHY. 57 hook consonants, as in flay, pry, etc., and for the expression of such syllables as pie, ble, fle, per, ber, ter, etc., in couple, bible, trifle, reaper, fiber, cater, etc.; but there are many words of long, awkward form, such as collect, correct, fulcrum, telegram, etc., that are shortened in outline and rendered even more legible by using these hook signs; and for this class of words special rules, for showing that the vowel is to be read between the hook and the stem, are given. 7. When the vowel heard belongs to the dash class, represent it by the dash sign struck through the stem at right angles made heavy for long vowels and light for short ones and written in first, second, or third place, the same as in ordinary vowelization. Illustration: O_ .......... *- ............. ........... .Nr-CY. fall, cold, futt, fulcrum. 8. As the shape of the dots will not admit of their being written through the stem and be distinguished, like the dashes, the vowels of the dot class are represented by small circles, written, for long vowels, before upright and inclined stems, and above horizontal ones; written, for short vowels, after upright and inclined stems, and below hori- zontal ones, observing, as usual, the three vowel places. Illustration: L. v=S . call equal-ly c. clerk ..f._ at all /....children . collect-ed T^form ^ from t HOOK, CURVED STEMS either ..-}... there, their humor near, nor, hono . ; over - every, very .-") other ...^..sure, assure hire higher ' hear, here, her ryaver .....O..share ^~ hair ../:... author, three Mr., mere ' remark .. *\ through ,-vmore /^^ manner 03 SCOTT- BROWNE'S TEXT-HOOK V. JL- feel, fill, fall - HOOK, CURVED STEMS million . ..^T heal, hall Js_. fail, fell ^O> promulgate-d .. hole, hale, hell ..^._. full S^V female ...XT. howl, whole (^ . VT. evil real-ly v ~i' x enroll .V_ avail ' ..... , flat, splat, plash, splash, bloom, sublime, plav, difpiav. 3. The circle on A"a. beiote an / hook on Pe and Bf, is elon- gated or flattened, like a loop, and the pen is carried entirely over the stem before it turns to form the hook; thus enabling the writer to get that part of the hook, where it joins the stem on which it Belongs, quite distinct.* Illustration: N^ ' - " ' excusable, explored. 4. In writingsuch words tasdisagree. Jescry, prescribe, etc., the cir- cle is written on the right side of the first stem, and the second stem. which is Ka or Ga. is written directly out tro:n the top of the circle. This brings the circle on the r hook side of A'u and Ga. Illustration disagree, pre scribe. * Some writers mike ihe turn of the pen directly on the A"i slem, instead of atto the crossing ever. That way which is easiest and most legible to the writer is the rest 04 SCOTT-BROWNE 'S TEXT-BOOK 5. Many writers omit the r representation in the words describe, prescribe, etc., and express them thus: 6. In writing the circle on the r hook side, between stems run- ning in the same direction, it is not necessary to show the hook, as the left and under side of straight stems is known to be the r hook side, while the right and upper side of straight stems is known to be the circle side. Illustration: psp, p-spr, tst, t-str, ksk, k-skr, -\ \ precept, prosper, dusty, destroy, distressed, cask, excrescence, excursive. 7. Per preceded by Dis is written thus; Js as in the words disappear, disparage, dayspring, etc. * S. In such words as tasteful, boastful, trustful, etc., where the / hook sign cannot be made following the st loop, the pen crosses the stem, thus reducing the loop to simple s and enabling the writer to form a perfect hook on the Ef stem. This contracts the words to tas'ful, boas' ful, trus'ful, etc. Illustration: tasteful, boastful, trustful, breastplate. 9. WRITING EXERCISE. Spray, supper, sober, suitor, strew, cider, suppress, cypress, soberly, screw, scarcely = o ; secrecy, sacred, supply, sable, jatchel, sickle, cycle, possible, disciple, display, displayed, accusable, { hysical, peaceful, passively, plausible, classical, classically, crucible, explore, taxable, graceful^-^xL (the hook of the Ef in graceful is implied by the circle at the end of the Ga stem being elongated like a loop. If there was no / hook to express, the circle would be kept round, thus: ' . Straggle, struggle, strapper, supreme, soprano, sobriety, strata, stream, streamed, streamlet, strength, strangle, strangler, strangled, strut, street, strait, straight, straighter, sprite, sprout, sprayed, des- perate, desperately, desperado, whisper, whispered, destroy, des- troyed, distract, distracted, distrust, distrusted, trustful, distrustful, mistrust, mistrustful, expressly, describe, descried, prescribe, pro- scribe, subscribed, ascribed, abstract, extract, extracted, excusable, crucible, taxable, explore, explored, explode, exploded, display, dis- played, displays, frustrate, frustrated, hemisphere (hemisfere), gossi- mer, moral, morally, curse, discourse, discoursed, atmosphere immoral, mortal, immortal, course, persuade. ^.surprise ....?.. surprises V ....^..surprised ........ spirit separate io. ABBREVIATIONS. CIRCLE ON L AND R HOOK SIGNS. No. Q. ..\.. supply ...^...spread ~- scare secure o .scarce (^scarcely II. SHORT SENTENCES. ..x .supplied ..skill ^- ^ \ u x -x O V Of PHONOGKAPfTT. C7 LESSON XIX. IV TICK. A Trie sound of ia following a stem consonant is expressed by a vertical or horizontal tick joined initially to the stem. Illustration: r twice, dwtll, quick, quagmire, thwack, Schwab. 2. Words with an initial / and medial w sound must be writ- ten with the disjoined We or IVii in its vowel position, thus: squaw, squeeze, squizzle, 3. Words with r immediately following a w sound should always be 'written wiih the w-hook on the Ra stem, (//Vr), thus: queer, twirl, squirrel, squirm, squared, esquire. 4. Kwl words must be written with IVfl, thus: quelled, squall, squeal, q:tail. 5. The Wit ti(X is useful in writing such Spanish names as Puebla, Buena Vista, etc. Illustration: Puebla, Buena, Cuardajui, Cuaxnca. (Pwdblah), (Bwdnahi), (Gwdrdafwee), (Gwdhaka). 6. WRITING EXERCISE. Words to be \v it en with the u>mtick: Twist, twists, twisted, untwist, untwists, untwisted, tweezers, twitter, twinkle, twilight, twill, twilled, dwell, dwelt, Dwight, dweller,, equip, equipoise, quibble, quiet, quota, quest, bequest, bequeath, quad, quick, quicker, quickest, quickly, quake, quaker, quack, quicksilver, quicksand, quagmire, quaff, quailed, quoth, quiesce, cquic*ce, quasi, flg SCOTT- BROlVNlfS TEXT-BOOK equator, thwack, thwacked, Thwing, Schwab, Schwartz, bequeath. Words in which disjoined We or Wu must be used: Squaw, squabble, squatter, squeeze, squeak. Words in which Wer must be used. Twirl, dwarf, dwarfed, dwarfish, querl, quarrel, quirk, queer, choir, quire, quart, squirt, squirted, square, squared, squirm, esquire, query, quarry, quarried, quartette. Words in which Wei must be used: Quill, quell, quail, squall, sequel, squills, squeal. OF PHONO GRAPHY. LESSON XX. SMALL TERMINAL HOOKS FOR N, F, AND V. N HOOK. 1. The sound of at the end of words and syllables, and in the middle of words where no vowel follows it, is represented by a small terminal hook made on the left, and under side, of straight stems, and on the inside of curved stems. Illustration: ..A ..... / ..... ^ ..... ~X Ax, YV ^ ^._../?.S... pin, tinge, June, canopy, fine, loan, main, swain, run, hen. 2. S, terminating w-hook words, is expressed by making the hook into a circle, on straight stems, and by writing a circle -within the hook of curves. Illustration: \' ...... J* ..... / ......... .t. ...... x- ........ i_..._^. ...... A.. bones, dines, chains, tokens, runs, Athens, nuns, refines. 3. The large circle and the loops are written on he w-hook side to express ns-s, nst, nstr. Illustration: . expenses, enhances, danced, glanced, funster, spinsters. F AND V HOOK. 4. The sound of f, or its cognate, v , at the end of words and syllables, and in the middle of words where no vowel follows it, is. represesented by a small terminal hook made on the circle side of straight stems; and the circle for s, terminating /and z/-hook vords, is made within the hook, to distinguish it from simple s without the/ or v sounds. Illustration: V ........ V ........... \ .......... proof, approves, devote, devise, division, l.v ^ "N v ^> ...... ^\. deafen, strife, gloves, archives, hoofs 70 SCOTT-KKOll^VE'S TEXT-BOVK 5. The hook for / and v is never written on the curve stems. NOTE (a). Observe that the j circle formed wit bin hooks is elongated, like a loop, and made in the direction of the stem 10 which the hook belongs. (b). The large circle and the loops for ;/ and sir are never written on hooks. 6. If a vowel follows , y"or v, those consonants must be rep. resented by the stems, in order to furnish a place for the vowel- Illustration: brine, briny, fun, funny, assign, assignee, rain, rainy, . .... J at length P ... delinquent /x happen 9 can trs woman >> punish-ed gone 3 gain, again \y6 known, none union ; explain-ed ~f J question i often, phonog- ^-S. ... raphy ^T 3 learn T~f J Christian ^> even \ ^ pecuniary ^ correspond ^" thine ^ > begin a-, -ence . . ' cousequtniial Of PHONOGRAPHY. 78 ^ .signify-ied-cant . 0. western / southern *\ pertain ^j .. .prudential ^"^ prominent >* fallen J " v appertain *\^ ^ permanent ^ \ ... point, appoint behind bind HALF-LENGTHS. ..consequent <*-* second ... account annonK-ed \ J tend . 1 attend .. r^f superintend o- acquaint .s . round / surround u J did not, didn't gained ... -^ around .. J do not, don't .....find *0. understand ... J .- h*d n t. hadn't .... ^ found .. . I" turned . ** gentlemen v ^j ' foundation "".. accident t/ gentleman x land .0 ^> subsequeni kind , '.. mind V .. };.. .returned can't \ minds \ C learnt . .TIH^ cannoi ^^ meant, tnend, ... impen before V abo I diflicult-y diflered-ent- gave, govern- a .... uiciic . C \ ... P ro ff prove . %. . approve \ ..improv-d-men: provide , .provision *\J proficie.it -ly- ^*- tuiicy perfect ..> ...^^lief, belien I- >defecl advocate IT ....deficient-iency kj ....defence .. .advance profit, prophci >> profitable prophetic >>~-^ providence-tial- ....% believed extra vagant-ly- A^. SHORT SENTENCES. Upon my opinion I would not believe it. Had it not been clone I-would have joined the general. He could not have gone so soon .ngain 1 To gain Phonography you must first be found i:i a brown study; even then it is best to be left alone. Men are humane as women are \vomanly. The union was known to be complete. His pecuniary rai;i was not large. None but t'.ie good can cxpl-i: acts. Learn Phonography well. At length he explains the corres- pondence. The kind gentleman did not account for the &; Don't go behind the returns. T;:e superintendent fuur.d the f lion turned in consequence of the sudden accide:.t. It is of ihe fact that he remembered that opinion. I find that tl. xvi!" not yield i profit. His balance in Kansas is indispensable. He meant to surround the men but his general had fallen. The recount was ba':T.red -with the amount. Experience is indispensable to understand the cost cf success. He was punirhcd but would not explain. Th occurrence in Kansas sho-.vs gains for the second t;mc. The Stenographer's transcript was second to none. The advocate found difficulty in his defence. The deficiency balanced the account. LE SSON XXI. SHUN AND ES11UN HOOKS. SHUN HOOK. I. The syllable shrtn (or zhim) following a stfm consonant, is expressed by a large final hook made on tidier side of straight stems, and on ihe contort side of curve stems. Illustration: - *> \ ...... * .......... - potion, passion, inception, addition, perdition, occasion, sections, dissection, rations, adhesion. fashions, visionary, motions, ....sJJ> ............ to ......... ~0 . nations, disscntion, oration, volition, persuasion, reservation, 2. In writing the words vnetion, sanction, distinction, etc.. the stem for the A'a sound can be omitted, without impairing legibility Illustration: unction, sanctions, distinction. 3. The syllable fsf, following Shun and Eshun, is expressed by half-icr/ijth Es (Est) on the hooks. Illustration: elocutionist, factionist, anncxaliomst, ESHUN HOOK. 4. The syllable slntn following s represented by a circle, and * \-owcl, is expressed by a small hook on the back of the circle. Illustration: JL. position, decision, accession, physician, cessation, pulsation, SCOTT-PROIVXE'S TEXT-BOOK 5. Words containing this snvill hook arc legible without writing' the vowel that is heard before the hook; but if it is desired to express this vowel any time, write it on the left side of the hook for zjirsi place vowel and on the right side for other vowels. Illustration: precision. transition. procession, sensational See Chapter XV. of Part II. TEXT-BOOK for full illustration ot the shn representation. 6 WRITING ^EXERCISE. flation, passion, passions, editions, addition, sedition, section, suctiW, deception, attraction, attractions, detraction, inception, sub- traction. perception, reception, inspection, exception, refraction, infraction, reduction, subtraction, perdition, approbation, attrition, reputation, selection, election, elocution, elocutionist, elocutionists, factionist, factionists. affectionate, affectionately observation. Decision, causation, accession, accusation, physician, incision. musician; musicians, sensations, proposition, prepositions, supposi- tion, cessation, secession, annexation; annexaiionist. pulsations. SZT.V-HOOK. The small hook for s7in may also be used for sit in combinations where an j-circle and an n-sie;n would be inconvenient to join: It will not conflict. X^ objectionable ...o subjection ^ occasion <= ^ creation ....Ls association 'O' x .. . .. missionary _ ^ exhibiton .. _.L^ direction .. V-?. . national U ... tuition U station \J instruction correction collection crrt* aggression x. ) -- situation \ ... (? . dissuasion .... <^ persuasion ESHUN HOOK. ^X. V, __ opposition | e acquisition O~^. ..>s^pnversatiot>-l \> position v procession Q conversationiM \ possession proposition \ .^ .compensation .... . decision '* - generalization o ^ V -J civilization ...-.- ? .accession .. .^ . organization realizu^ 73 SCOTT-RKOWITS TF.XT.nOOK SHADING AND LENGTHENING. LE SSON XXII. SHADING EM. I. Em is shaded to express a follow' n^/ or b, and is then called Enip or ILnili. Illustration: !////>, stump, hemp, lamp, glimpse, wampum, limbo, embargo. LENGTHENING EM P. 2. Emp is lengthened to add a following r. Illustration: I. (r - x - L _ ^g^~^\ emjiire, temper, simper, ember, chamber, somber. 3. WRITING EXERCISE. Pomp, pumps, bump, damp, dumps, stamp, stump, stampede, jumps, camp, gump. vamp, thump, lamp, lump, limp, romp, rump mumps, swamp, samp, slump, hump, hemp, primp, plump, tramp, crump, cramp, glimpse, wampum, limbo, Jumbo, humbug. Sambo. Pumper, Plumper, temper, temporal, distemper, damper, jumper, Kemper, vampire, romper, hamper, scamper, ember, umber, amber. somber, limber, lumber, chamber, slumber, December, November, September, dismember, timber, cumber, encumber, Cun/faerland, Chamberlain. LENGTHENING IXG. 4. Ing is lengthened to express a following kr {Ker) or jpr (Cer). Illustration: anchor or anger, sinker, winker, linker, thinke* finger, linger, *tronger. LENGTHENING THE OTHER CURVES. 5. Al 1 the oiher rurved stems are lengthened to express a fol- lowing Ir, dr, thr, dhr. Illustration: enter, render, smaller, mother, philanthropy, falhtr. 6. Of the straight stems, only Ra and Hah are lengthened to express the following words: writer, rather, hither. 7. WRITING EXERCISE. Anchor, sinker, Bunker, tinker, canker, rancor, ranker, linger, spanker, winkers, hanker, handkerchief. Anger, finger, linger, languor, stronger, monger, mongrel, hunger, Hungerford. Father, fatherless, fatherly, mother, motherly, motherless, thither, nitre, neuter, center, central, Easter, eastern, easterly. Esther, oyster, Astor, Astral, astronomy, astronomical, astronomer, latter, later, literature (La-ler-Cher), literary, latterly, literally, col- lateral, winter, wintered, wander, eccentric, eccentricity, render hinder, cinder, sunder, wither, withers, withered flounder, philantrophy, philanthropist, philanthropical. Enterprise, interrupt, interruption, entertain, interest, interested, introduce, introduction, interpret, interpretation, interpose, inter- twine, interdict, uninterrupted. 8. ABBREVIATION'S. DOUBLE LENGTHS. No 12. ( thi father ..thither thitherward .Easter letter literary Su SCOTT-BROWN&S TEXT-BOOK _ X"~ latter \ X . longer ( *_. writer . -^*N -- .water .s'' ... rather ,/^ N matter, mother neither, entire "^N whithersoever ^\ weather i entirely . interest <^ ( hither and thithei Q / senator c ~\ farther, fur;h.-.r northern ,. er ^\ farther than 9. SHORT SENTENCES. His father and mother went thither. The style of the letter was literary. The writer wrote rather good matter. The Northern Senator went farther. His interest was entirely in the weather. Water no longer ran hither and thither. Father went farther than mother. I would rather be the latter. I should think it was rather longer than the other. It is better to go farther, Whithersoever you go, don't mind the weather. Whether the entire let er was sent by the writer I know not. My interest is entirely with neither. Your letter of introduction will further my father's desire. I hope you will not interpose an objection to the enterprise introduced. It was an interruption to intercept the letter. OP PHONO GRAPHY. PREFIXES AND AFFIXES, LE SSON XXIII. PREFIXES. 1. The prefixes, con, com, cum, cog; contra, contro, counter; fore; magna, magne, magni; circum, self; etc., are represented by brief arbitrary signs written either before or above the remainder of the word. CON, COM, CUM, COG. 2. The sign for con, com, cum and cog is a dot. Illustration: contain, comprise, cumbersome, cognitiv. CONTRA, CONTRO, ETC. 3. The sign for contra, contro and counter is a tick. Illustration: contradiction, controversy, countermand* FORE. 4. The sign for fore is Ef. Illustration: forestall, MAGNA, ETC. 5. The sign for maga, magne and magni is Em. Illustration: X T S T" 'jsLxTfc ..... ____ ........ J - .. ____ ...... VY magnanimous, magnetic, magnify. CIRCUM AND SELF. 6. The sign, for circum and self is a small circle, written \-nfirst position before or above the remainder of the word, for circum, and in second position before or above the remainder of the word for self. Illustration: (ircumscribe, telf-made. 83 SCOTT-RROIWE-S TEVT-BOOK COMPOUND J'REFIXKS. 7. AYhcnever any other syllable comes before these prefixes thus making a compound prefix the stem or sign for the syllable is written in the prefix's plnce, and 'he prefix is not written, but imp/if j. or, itndcrstcod to be expressed, together wiih the syllable standing in its place; or, in other words, if a stem or circle is written over another stem in i:ch a way as to occupy the place of a prefix sign, it must be read together with the prefix the syllable that the sign stands for being read first and the prefix last. Illustration: P . s~ ...... i conceivable, inconceivable, construe, misconstrue- compromised, uncompromised, committal, non-committal, _. ~^> ............ /^ ______ ..... f ....... ......... f ......... cognition, recognition, conceit, self-con.-eit. "X ..... ..... K ^ UN ..... .. composed, decomposed, comfort^ discomfort, L, ............ ^% le > ..... _ "^v . contradicted; uncontradic*'i, controvert, uncontroverted, reconcilable, irreconcilable, magnetized, wimagnetizcd circumspect, vncircnmspect. selfish, unselfish, foreseen, tiajjreseen, accommodation, incognito non-conducter, uncommon, concomitant, OP 8. Some words, having the prefix discon, are not conveniently written according to the usual rules for writing compound prefix words, in which case, the remainder of tkr word is written near the prefix sign, and, in some cases, the prefix is expressed in full, about as quickly as to use a disconnected sign. Illustration: disconnect. 9. The syllable kong, in Congress, conqutr, etc., is expressed by the ton dot, thus: Congress, conquer. 10. Con, cam or cog can be expressed by writing the remainder of the word close to a preceding word, thus: in connection, in consideration, common consent. must contrive, to be concluded, will convince. ii. READING EXERCISE. -- , 'I* _ ......... ....... ......... ^-9 I ______ common, commence, committee. 'y ...... ______ L ......... _ ..... 1i ..... continued, constituent, contrition. t ...... ;} ....... ^ ...... 3- ..... ...... ..^. 84 SCOTT.B&QtPltJfS rEXT-BOOK 12. WRITING EXERCISE. Compute, computed, competition, compose, composes, com- posed, composiiion, compositor, compost, compound, compounded, compassion, comprise, comprised, compressed, comply, complied, complex, complexion, complication, complicate, combine, contain, contains, contusion, constrain, construction, contrite, contrition, con- tribute, contribution, consistently, constantly, continue, continued, constrained, co.idemn, condemnAtion, conjure, concur, concourse, concrete, conclude, conclusion, conclave, conglomerate, conglomera- tion, configuration, conflagration, convex, convivial, convenience, convenient, convey conveyance, convert, convertible, conceive, con- ception, completion, compilation, compensation, condense, condensa- tion, contrive, contrives, contrary, conduct, construct, contract, con- trol, controllable, contrasted, console, consolation, consolidate, con- solidation, conservatory, conservation, conservatism, concern, com- mune, commence, commenced, conquer, conquerable, congress, congressional, cognate, cognomen. Accomplish, accomplishments, accommodated. Inconstant, inconsolable, uncontrollable, unconvinced, uncon- querable, inconceivable, recompense, recommend, recommended, recognize, recognizes, recognized, recognition, recognizable, mis- construction, miscompute, non-conformity, non-committal, non-con- ductor, decomposition, discomfort, disconcert, disconcerted, discon- nection. Contraband, contradict, contradiction, contradistinction, contra- vene, counterpoise, counterpoint, counter-irritant, counter-irritation, countermand, counter-mine, counter-balance, counterpart, counter- sign. Join /for for-e in the following words: Foreknow, foreknow- ledge, forever, forward, forsake, forlorn, fore-thought, fore-handed, fore-noon, fore-fathers. Disjoin f for fore in the following words: Foremost, fore-stall, forecast, foreman, foresail. See Part II., page 82, under the prefix for. fore, for a fuller illustration of this principle. \\ Magnanimous, magnanimity, magnify, magnificent, magnitude, magnetism, magnetic, magnesia. OF PHONOGRAPHY. LESSON XXIV. AFFIXES. The affix and prefix signs are treated and tabulated for ready reference in Chapters xvi. and xvii. of Part H. TEXT-BooK. The following frequently occurring affixes can be used to advan- tage at this stage of the study. BLE, ELY b with the /-hook when convenient to join, when not simple b will answer; thus, PA I ^ \ ^\ ..... A ...... "" s ...... ..... T ...... tolerable, considerable-y, indispensable, profitable-)/, sensible '-y. SELF, SELVES a smali circle for se.'f, a large one for selves; thus. * - ^ ~* b 6 ...... : ........... ; ....... "a"" himself, thyself, herself, myself; themselves, ourselves, yourselves. SHIP a disjoined sh; thus, friendship, fellowship, partnership, generalship, relationship. ING a dot following the stem; thus, i => ' /?' \. ______ J ................. J. .............. .T -:..._. ............. _ ............... ______ n^Ci..t ............... ____ : ........... ...... .5 ........... .owi?ig t doing, going, cautioning, mastering, running, INGS an oblique heavy tick: thug, ings, -sayings, blessings, facings, leanings, engravings, a tick or / written in ings place; thus, vingly, knowingly, seemingly, fittingly, trustingly. FUL-LY joined f Tvhen Ef with /-hook cannot be used; thus, fainfttl-ly r loaJitful-ly, success ful-Iy, shameful-ty t yoiitkfilt, SCOTT-ZROWKE'S HOOD -d; thus, manhood, womanhood, selfhood, sisterhood. neighborhood. LY, AL, ALLY disjoined Jj thus, JZ3*=- J/C ________ 1^*--^^ manly, densely, instrumental, detriment al t sentimentally, shortly. To Ihua, thereto, -whereto, hitherto. IN tlms, herein, wherein, 1h:rtin~ AFXEJL thus, hereafter. thereafter-. \_ _^- >1 KANDr^tlins, beforehand, longhand, behindhand. U NCLASSI FIED ABBREVIATIONS. o advertise advertised ^> ndveni.-err.er.t y adjust CN afforded ~~7^~ nctu y ---- ................... accurate c . accuracy '\ :'crv ; ....... "c^ ........................................ 7 ...... ~~\3 .............................................. '\ appear *\ appeared ^appearance ryappropriate g accepts-nnce v._ af:er ~^-^^ anywhere -~^j arrangement & always "~" ........................................... ' ............................................... ".S ................................. '^V_ arrive -X anvbpdy ^^- anyhow T~ ........................................... ) ask v^-r'" certri '" ^~~-- certainly c - call jjp circumstances calr ' clear ' ' cleared ? church ^ consider 1 considered ^ complete All About Shorthand. "WHAT IS PHONOGRAPHY? PHONOGRAPHY is the art of writing by sound. The sounds 1 heard in a word are all that is written for the word. The alpha- bet is composed of forty- two letters, corresponding to the forty-two elementary sounds in the English language. The signs for the alpha- bet are selected from quadrants of circles, and from a straight line, written in four directions, instead of but onedirecti: n as in longhand writing. It is the simplest method of writing, and is adapted to all kinds of written communication, be it slow, as in friendship corre- spondence, or fast, as in taking the utterances of eloquent speakers talking at the rate of from one hundred and fifty to two hundred words a minute. TO WHOM IS THE ART USEFUL? T)HONOGRAPHY is useful to every boy, girl, man and woman. 1 To BOYS AND GIRLS as the greatest possible incentive and aid to education, and, ultimately, furnishing a pleasant and lucrative business. To MEN AND WOMEN in economizing time and in accomplishing at least a third more by its use than could be gained by longhand writing. Its study and practice quickens the intellectual faculties and disciplines the 'mind, giving the master of the art an advantage over those who have never received the intellectual benefit derived from the study of Phonography. To MINISTERS, who can compose their sermons with the rapidity of eloquent thoughts ; many of whom also read their addresses from shorthand notes. To LAWYERS in making memoranda of legal points and testimony of witnesses. To AUTHORS in composition, being able to preserve their first thoughts, which are best, and accomplishing in a few weeks what would take a year's labor by longhand. To MERCHANTS in dictating their correspondence, telegrams, etc., to shorthand writers, thus securing promptness in business transac- tions. To STUDENTS, law, medical, or theological, in taking full notes o| their school lectures, and by it helping to pay their college expenses. To ANYONE who may wish to make its practise a profession. ALL ABOUT HOW SOON CAN IT BE LEARNED? OTUDYING from one to two hours a day for six or eight weeks at O one's home will enable a student to write Phonography as rapid- ly as longhand is written, and this can be done by the aid of SCOTT- BROWNE'S TEXT-BOOKS OF PHONOGRAPHY, (advertised on another page), after which two or three months' practice, writing from two to four hours a day, from some one's reading, using for dictation prac- tice, SCOTT-BROWNE'S Books of ''Business Letters," will fit one for a position as amanuensis in a mercantile house. Les- sons given by mail would shorten the time of learning considerably, and oral instruction in a College of Phonography would advance the pupil still more rapidly. For professional reporting it takes longer study, depending on the particular branch, or several branches of the practice, the student wishes to be fitted for. Some become only "Law Stenographers," others "Medical," "Sermon," "Literary," " Scientific," or " General " Stenographers, combining all the branch- es. The student generally fits first for an amanuensis position ir business correspondence and then from that branches out into one of the kinds of professional reporting. Law reporting, to a certain extent, is the easiest to learn and generally the most remunerative branch of professional work. WHAT IS AN AMANUENSIS? 'T^HE amanuensis is a shorthand writer whose proficiency is only 1 about two-thirds that of a law reporter ; that is, his speed is front one hundred to one hundred and twenty-five words a minute, and his shorthand work is done entirely from dictation, in taking businesf letters from the manager of the correspondence department of busi- ness houses, banks, railroad offices, or letters or articles and books from authors and literary men. For which he is paid by the hour, day, week or folio. For rates, see Part II. Text-Book of Phonogra- phy. THE PAT FOR SHORTHAND WORK A MANUENSES writing one hundred and twenty-five words a min- 1\ ute, possessing good educational abilities, receive in large busi- ness houses and corporations a salary of from $1,000 a year up. See list of graduates on another page for salaries they are receiving. Official Court and General Stenographers receive salaries, or make by fees, from $2, 500 to $5 ,000 a year. In some districts they do not make as much as these figures, while in other parts they make more. It is our purpose to keep within the bounds of reasonable- ness unlike quacks who advertise only the exceptionally high sala- ries of stenographers, which are by no means a criterion as to the general prices paid. Stenographers who can transcribe their shorthand notes on the Caligraph or other Typewriter receive larger salaries than longhand writers, because their transcripts are more legible, and by the help of the machine they are able to do two or three times more writing per day than with the pen. SHOR TfJAND PHONO GRAPHY. SYSTEMS OF PHONOGRAPHY. THERE'S no use in disguising the fact, as some teachers of the art endeavor to do, that there are several practical systems of short- hand in this conntry, all of them having both advantages and disad- vantages, in some respects. There are, however, but four methods that have attained to the character of general utility, and they are BENN PITMAN'S, the oldest system of Phonography in use, and the one having the greatest number of followers in America, but still a system that has not been revised or improved for nearly twenty years, since the practise of Shorthand became a profession. ISAAC PITMAN'S latest modification used more in England than America. JAMES E. MUNSON'S completed "Complete Phonography" and SCOTT-BROWNE'S AMERICAN STANDARD, which brings down to date the best results attained by the Profession. It does away with thou- sands of useless "word-signs," contractions, arbitrary and illogical principles, used in other systems, and introduces simpler and more practicable forms. It possesses a series of text-books arranged for self or class instruction, leading the learner into full possession of the art by an easy, natural and graded method. It does away with con- fusing distinctions between " corresponding" and "reporting styles" of writing. And leads the student from the start into reporting knowledge and practice. WHICH IS THE BEST SYSTEM? REASON would dictate that that system was best that could be learned with the greatest ease, written the most rapidly, and read without difficulty. As most authors claim these advantages whether their systems possess them or not, the best way to arrive at a correct conclusion, is by the judgment passed by the writers of different sys- tems, upon some one system, that one receiving the greatest favor. It may be seen by referring to another part of this circular, in which the opinions of stenographers are given as to the AMERICAN STAND- ARD, that the same has been found more helpful than any other sys- tem to the writers of different systems and necessarily must be the best system. It certainly has in its favor new principles for the sym- plifying of shorthand writing and the increase of speed and ready reading, that are not found in other systems, and which the writers of other systems adopt readily upon first seeing them. If it were not adapted to become more universal than other systems, it would not be accepted by the writers of different methods as it is ; hence we must conclude that it is the best system, at least it is the only one that improves with time, and which improvements are incor- porated in such a manner as to not detract from the system as first published, because the principles upon which it has been developed are founded in science and logic, differing in this respect from the other systems. But perhaps the strongest evidence tending to show 4 ALL ABOUT the superiority of the AMERICAN STANDARD is the fact that the writers of Munson, Benn Pitman, Isaac Pitman, Marsh or any other pho- nography can read it, while the writers of any one of the other sys- tems cannot read any of the other styles owing to the arbitrary character or plan on which they are developed. The necessity for shorthand in commercial correspondence has taken the place of long- hand writing and points to the fict that uniformity in writing Phonog- raphy is coining to be a business necessity, the system used for such purpose must be unmiscakable as to legibility, and all stenographers admit that the AMKRICAN STANDARD is pre-eminent in this respect and hence is the system for the masses, and the best for the numerous reasons mentioned. Read the commendations of eminent stenographers on another page. WHAT SYSTEM 'WOULD IT BE BEST TO LEARN ? IT WOULD be best to learn that system that is in most general use among p' ofessional reporters. It may be asked why ? There are several reasons; the m ist imp irtant is that a .ur^iU deal of correspond- ence is being conducted ii shortnand chara> ters. The time lost in transcribingcan i.e saved to businessmen if correspondence can be done in shorthand so as to be as readily deciphered by the the receiver as by the sender f f a shorthand letter. That system which is most used by reporters will become the one on which thru business necessi- ties the business world will unite and use as its standard. The Am- erican Congress is reported by a. corps of stenographers, any one of whom can read the notes of the others, so that in case of accident by sickness or otherwise, one reporter can take the work of another and transcribe it. The reporters by the AMKKICAN S ANUAKD system, which is founded on the same plan of logical consistency and simpli- city that is used by the Congressional Reporters, read each other's notes with the same facility, and as this method is the simplified and improved Benn Pitman style, and is the oldest system practised, and necessarily the one used by the large majority of professionals, it is the best system for the stu lent, to adopt as his standard. Uniformity in shorthand writing has more advantages than can be enumerated in this connection. When this condition is reached, shonhand will be in as general use as longhand is to-day, and the only thing that keeps it from becoming as popular is the wrangle of system makers, who will not work to this end, but labor only for the selfish purpose of a little fame and less money in projecting systems of ephemeral duration. Again, all systems except the AMERICAN STANDARD are so arbitrarily constructed that no two writers of any one of them writes in uni- formity with any other. The principles are so arbitrary, the devices and contractions so complicated that practioners vary in their choice of writing words, and so find it difficult to read each other's notes. The AMERICAN STANDARD is founded and carried out upon a plan of simplicity and analogy, avoiding arbitrary and illogical methods, so that all can write it with perfect uniformity, and gain with it the highest results attained in shorthand reporting. SHOR TH ANDPHONOGRAPHY. HOW TEACHING IS DONE. T3EGINNERS are taught the system most in use in this country ; f) wiule students of any of the other systems are advanced into re- porting practise by the systems they have studied. All instruction is imparted by dictation, in the very manner the art will be employed when learned. There is no dull, unin cresting routine of reciting lessons. '1 he principles are learned and applied by practise from actual dictation, and the pupil is made as ready in reading his notes as in writing them. Pupils are invited to spend their entire time at the College during business hours, in practise in reading their notes, and writing with each other, when not engaged in classes, or practising typewriting for a change or rest. Lessons may be taken at the rate of one, two, three, four or five a week, day-time or evening, by mail or orally, as the pupil finds most convenient. The student makes the best progress on three lessons a week if he has only a portion of his time to study. Those having command of the entire time do best by taking five or six lessons a week. SPECIAL OPPORTUNITIES, THE POPULARITY attained by the College, together with the success achieved by it in obtaining positions for graduates, have at- tracted the aitention of business men and those in need of steno- graphic help, who are almost daily applying to us for stenographers. Competent pupils are favored with reporting of this kind, for which they receive the full rates paid the profession. Thru the efforts of Mr. Scott-Browne's BUREAU stenographers are constantly being sent to all parts of the country to take dictations or report Congressional and other Committees, Conventions, Boards, Literary Societies, Business Meetings, Political Speeches, Associ- ations, Trials, etc., etc. Besides these opportunities for pupils doing actual work, those who learn to operate a typewriter (see description on another page) are taken into our business office and trained in writing business letters from dictation and transcribing them on the machine, thus gaining actual business experience. TIME REQUIRED TO GRADUATE. A THREE months' course in the study of shorthand alone is gen- erally sufficient to fit for amanuensis' work of moderate require^ ments. Some students remain in the College longer and attain higher proficiency, obtaining thereby a better position and larger salary. LESSONS BY MAIL. FOR information as to how lessons are given successfully thru the mail write us on the subject. We have developed the most successful method of giving instruction by mail now in use ; many graduates, as may be seen on another page, having mastered the art thoroly by such lessons an4 are tuny in remunerative short- hand positions. 6 ALL ABOUT TYPEWRITING. THIS is a rapid means of rendering shorthand notes into readable shape and is done by a machine made for that purpose, a know- ledge of which is indispensible to the stenographer. Typewriting is taught in the Scott-Browne Chain of Phonographic Colleges, where the most thoro knowledge of Phonography is imparted. As an ak! to the mastery of this little machine, which is learned in a short time, we would recommend Scott-Browne's Typewriting Instructor, a description of which may be seen on another page. EXCHANGE OF BOOKS. WRITERS of other systems who would prefer taking instruction in the AMERICAN STANDARD method and exchange for the books of the latter system, can do so at a trifling expense. It may be stated that other books that are to be displaced by the series recom- mended here will be accepted at one fourth their cost price. TERMS FOR INSTRUCTION. THE TERMS for lessons will be found on the last outside cover page of this pamphlet. We invite correspondence in regard to our school, board, etc., etc., which information we will be glad to furnish any correspondent. CHAIN OF PHONOGRAPHIC COLLEGES. ^PHIS school is a branch of the Cham of Phonographic Colleges 1 established by Mr. D. L. Scott-Browne, author of the AMERICAN STANDARD system. The purpose of Mr.Scott-Browne in establishing this chain of colleges is to confer benefits upon our graduates by his sys tem, especially, and to help those who complete their courses ot instruction by any other system in our school. Our graduates will. by request, if their application is accompanied by the recommendation of their teacher, have their names registered free of charge on the books of the Bureau for Supplying Stenographic Help, at Mr. Scott- Browne's office in New-York, and such persons will be shown a pre- ference over all other stenographers in obtaining positions. To persons contemplating taking up the study of Phonography it will be seen that this advantage, together with the advantage of writing the system most practised by reporters, will be found a very material aid to their success. This chain of Phonographic Colleges forms the only system of its kind in existence, and they are the only schools that not only take the pupil through the theory of shorthand, but also establish him or her in its practise, by watching the graduate's course continually, and recommending him for a position at the earliest opportunity after his graduation. It must not be understood however that positions are guaranteed, as the plan is simply to unite the influence of many gschools with that of the popularity of the original school in New- York, and confer upon the graduates of our school the benefits of the combined chain of colleges. It may be seen jiow by this means a young stenographer without acquaintance or in- fluence may have some one who has the power derived from such position to aid, recommend, introduce and plead his case, and help him to make a success of his undertaking. This is a benefit not conferred by any other system or school to one tenth the extent it is carried out in this strong and popular combination. BOARD. BOARD will be procured for pupils to suit their tastes, varying in price from moderate to dear, according to the style desired. By correspondence we could tell the exact cost of board. It will only be necessary for the student to call at the office of the College, or write, and state what he desires in board, etc., etc., in order to be suited. MONEY MATTERS. OUPILS" money will be deposited in Bank when desired, and drafts, 1 checks or post-office orders cashed, thus saving them trouble and expense. THE "AMERICAN STANDARD" SERIES OF PHONO- GRAPHIC TEXT-BOOKS. npHE following list of works are the only books from which the 1 popular AMERICAN STANDARD system of Phonography can be learned. They differ from other shorthand books in the following general particulars : FIRST: They have been prepared with special reference to the student's rapid acquisition of the art for any particular branch of the profession, or for general reporting. If a knowledge of law reporting only is desired, the Reporter's Book of Legal Forms and the chapter en Law Reporting, in Part II. Text-Book, will give all the desired in- formation without hampering the mind of the student with principles, terms and technicalities which apply only to other branches of the profession. In learning the art for business letter writing the student is aided by the Book of Shorthand Abbreviations, the Business Letter Book for practise, and the chapters in Part II. on the Qualifications and Requirements of an Amanuensis. The Literary Reader and chapters in Part II. are for study in the mastery of the art for general or literary reporting. SECOND : Unlike any other series of books, each one of the set is in perfect harmony with every other one, and the lessons are graded from the simple to the most advanced style of reporting without a single change in phonographic outlines. All words used as abbrevi- ations remain the same thruout the system, so that whatever the student learns in the beginning does not have to be changed to his utter confusion and discouragement as he advances, as is the case in all other systems to a very considerable extent. THIRD : No revision has been made of the system used by nine tenths of the reporters of this country for twenty years, till the intro- duction of the AMERICAN STANDARD series of Text-Books, and the art ALL ABOUT up to twenty years ago was founded only on theory. The profession of shorthand reporting has been popularized and has grown to enormous proportions during the past twenty years. To incorporate the new principles and improved methods of practise, as well as to present more concisely and clearly those principles that have hereto- fore been confusing, it has been necessary to revise the present work six times since its issue in August, 1882. It can hardly be expected that more than slight typographical errors will need to be altered in fie books for several years at least, as it could not be expected that the art will change as much in the next twenty years as it has in the past; but if it should the latest revisions of the series will be in accordance therewith. FOURTH : In this system new principles have been developed that makes Phonography more uniform than it has been heretofore ; pre- venting the unlimited amount of individuality in the formation of words and, necessarily, great irregularity that has been the conse- quence. By the principles of Analogy and Syllabication derivative outlines must correspond with their primitives and thus uniformity is established almost to a certainty. Take the book of "Abbreviations" which provides forms for all that class of words that are arbitrarily and of necessity written out of analogy, and uniformity is perfectly established, and that, too, by the simplification of the system instead of complicating it with expedients, devices, etc. By this plan the system is relieved of its unnecessary burdensome character which heretofore has made it such a herculean task to master : Now the thousands of arbitrary principles and abbreviations have been reduced to but a very few hundred. FIFTH : As may be seen by the appended commendations of professional reporters, teachers and others, this system is superior to all others and is the most popular. In the following description of the books some more particular differ- ences and advantages will be noted, and the order given in which they should be studied. 1 Text-Book of Phonography^ Part I, prepared for the school- room or for the student's self-instruction. Presents the reporting style of the art in graded lessons, with reading and writing exercises; elucidating the theory in a clear, concise and fascinating manner. Is a perfect manual of the art. Price .... $1.00. 2 Phonographic Copy Book, No. 1, contains single and com- bined consonants and simple vowels with blank lines for their practise, and should be used with the above text-book. Price - - 25 cents. 3 Copy Book, No. 2, same as above with practise on the extra vowels, punctuation, capitalization, emphasis, dipthongs, joined vowel ticks, circles and loops. Price 25 cents. 4 First Phonographic Reader : Affords reading and writing practise on the reporting principles of the art as employed in a simple style of language, and gives lists of abbreviations "at the head of each lesson, which occur in the lesson, so that when the work has been SffOR TH AND PHONOGRAPHY. completed the student has had all the important abbreviations pre- sented to him in reading practise, which is the easiest manner of memorizing them, differing in this respect from all other phono- graphic readers. Price ...... -50 cents. 5 Key to the Reader. Hardly necessary, as the Phonography is perfectly legible to any one who thoroly masters the principles in the preceeding books. This work is the popular Appleton Third Reader, and many may already possess it. Price 50 cents. 6 Text-Book of Phonography, Part IL contains forty chap- ters, illustrating every possible application of the principles to practise, with appropriate exercises for the student in confirming his knowledge for ready application in time of need. Chapters on the new principles of Analogy and Syllabication are given to illustrate their infinite importance in the practise of the art. Speed, or the Philosophy of Rapid Writing is treated in a manner never before attempted, and which will be found full of information and encourage- ment when the student attains that point where doubt and difficulty would be likely to discourage him. The qualifications and require- ments necessary for reporting are explained as well as the conditions under which a stenographer works. Young stenographers errors are pointed out so that they may be avoided, business grooves indicated, equipments explained, and rates or salaries given. The work is an exhaustive treatise on the practise of the art, being unique in this respect, and the only book published from which such information can be gained. Students as well as professional stenographers of all sys terns require it as a book of reference and directions, general advice and instructions. Price .._-.-. $2.00. 7 Book of Shorthand Abbreviations contains a complete tabulated list of all the "word-signs" or abbreviations of the system, together with a reference vocabulary of three thousand words in com- mon use, words of peculiar construction, and words that have been written in various ways, establishing uniformity for the first time in any system ; phrase-signs, longhand abbreviations used in business, and 400 names of persons, places, etc.; engraved in a style of the art never before approached for clearness and beauty. Bound in limp cloth for convenience in carrying in the pocket for reference and study. Price - - - -50 cents. 8 Reporters Book of Legal Forms, showing how the law re- porter in taking testimony indicates questions and answers, objections, rulings of the court, remarks of the counsel, exhibits, etc., etc.: designed to aid the f tudent mastering the art for law reporting, with key showing how transcripts are made out. Price - - 25 cents. 9 Literary Phonographic Reader: Prepared for reading and wrking practise as an aid to the student in general or literary report ing, with nter-paprcd key. Price ----- 25 cents 10 Books of Business Letters form a collection of letters foi dictation practise in gaining shorthand speed, and a knowledge of business terms and technicalities. The subjects of the letters are Dry T ALL ABOUT Goods, Agencies, Advertising, Brokerage, Collections, Credit, Insur- ance, Railroading, Manufacturing, etc., etc., covering hundreds of kinds of businesses such letters as have never appeared in print before, and which have been collected with great difficulty from busi- ness houses. The dictation of no other work could be so valuable to a young stenographer for shorthand practise. These books are prepared in small and cheap editions to suit the convenience of purchasers. No student would need all of them. Most students would probably not need more than one, depending upon the class of work they would be required to do, or for which they were being fitted. The contents of each volume will show the character of letters contained. Those fitting for insurance offices would need all the letters on that subject, which would be found in Parts III. and IV. Agencies, Advertising, Brokerage, etc., would be found in Part III. and other branches of business in Parts Land II. Below will be found the list of businesses represented by letters in the several parts already prepared. Other parts will be issued from time to time, till the subject of business correspondence is completely covered. They are bound in uniform style, in cloth, and sold at 7 j cenl s per copy. Part I. contains letters under the general head of Agriculture, on implements, vehicles, fowls and live stock. Under the head of Com- merce railroading letters are given. Price - - - 75 cents. Part II. completes letters on railroading, cotton and wool, oil and fuel, groceries and provisions, and dry goods. Price - - 75 cents. Part III. completes letters on dry goods, printing and publishing, and gives, under head of Finance, letters on advertising, agencies, brokerage, collections, credit and insurance. Price - - 75 cents. 1 1 Scott-Browne's Typewriting Instructor. A work presenting fac-simile models of typewriter copying, giving specimens of legal forms, such as testimony, affidavits and summonses ; specifications, business letters, bills, addressed envelopes, tabulated matter, literary and general work. A book that will be valuable even to typewriter copyists as a model for correct forms, and to the beginner invaluable on account of its graded practise exercise in fac-simile, which will aid to a mastery of the typewriter in a very short time. It is adapted to all writing machines, several styles being represented on its title page. Price - ... 50 cents. 12 Browne's Phonographic Monthly and Reporters Journal 5 organ of the profession, issued the isth of each month, gives fac- similes of professional reporters' notes, with key, portraits and bio- graphical sketches, phonographic news thruout the world, together with editorial and general discussions and the presentation of matters of vital importance to stenographers of all systems; unsectarian, un- trammeled, fearless and vigorous, denouncing frauds and encouraging everything tending to advance the art, and aiding the student by good counsel and advice. Invaluable to any stenographer who is looking forward to the bettering of his condition. A sample copy free : 20 cents a number : 2.00 a year. What Teachers and Stenographers Say or THE American Standard Series of Phonographic Text-Books. From B. M. JAQOB, Traveling Salesman of the Caligraph, 721 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. You must not fear about the success of Part II. It indeed supplies a want long felt by stenographers in general. I received the advanced copy in Pittsburg, and had many chances of showing it, and in all instances it was pronounced "The very thing that was needed." No shorthand writer, no matter what his stenographic creed may be, can afford to be without it. It is the stenographer's friend, containing a fund of informa- tion no where else to be found, and never before offered in any publica- tion to the fraternity of shorthanders a recourse to which may be desir- able at any moment. It is a " gem " as far as binding and typographical appearance is concerned, being finely printed, every " hair-line " of each character "coming up" or "brought out" legibly, to the satisfaction of the most " Peter Precise " m the art typographic. I predict immense sales. All stenographers, both experts and learners, will be compelled to use Part II. as one of their " handy volumes." Have just sold my own copy to a teacher of " Longley's Ike," also a copy of Abbreviations. He is delighted with your books, and says if it were not for re-learning the vowel scale of position he certainly would teach his pupils "Scott-Browne." I meet many like him the fact is, there is no system to compare with the Ameri- can Standard. I had a talk with a prominent teacher of shorthand in this city, who holds one of the best paying positions in the place, during which he said he used your books m teaching "Isaac Pitman." He "could get better forms and outlines, besides ideas," which he " used to considerable advantage." From THEO. F. SHTJET, of the corps of U, 8. Senate Reporters, "Washing. ton, D. C., a writer of the " Old Phonography." 1 have carefully examined your TEXT-BOOK or PHONOGRAPHY, Part II. Wedded as I am to the Old Phonography, I find in your volume many new and valuable principles which, if I were a young writer, I should be glad to adopt, as I regard them to be perfectly safe in practise. Prior to last year I invariably recommended Benn Pitman's Manual to those seeking information on the subject, considering that to be the safest approach to the Old Fifth Edition. I then became convinced that the system as laid down in your TEXT-BOOK, Part I, is more legible and philosophical, and changed my recommendation accordingly. Now that I see it so ably and fully carried out in Part II. I feel clearly justified in so doing. I would particularly commend to young writers the matter beginning with chap, xxiv., containing practical information which in my own case (having begun the study of Phonography when a raw country youth of fifteen) it took years to acquire. Prom FRED R. GUERNSEY, an old reporter by the Isaac Pitman system, now of the editorial staff of the Boston Herald, in its issue of November 36th, 1884, says: An event of note in the shorthand world is the publication of Part II. of Scott-Browne's TEXT-BOOK OF PHONOGRAPHY. The book has been in the author's hands several years, and represents his be.-t work in the de- velopment of Phonography. Whether the user is a follower of his system, (which is a modification of Benn Pitman's,) or not, the book will be very use- ful. The chapters on writing in Analogy and Syllabication are good pieces of work, and are worth the price of the book. Valuable to the writers of all systems are the chapters on law reporting, newspaper reporting, equip- ments, rates and salaries, qualifications, requirements, etc. There is a great deal is this volume which beginners by all systems ought to know. Scott-Browne is progressive, and gets out of the beaten track to the bene- fit of his readers. His Text-books are models of neatness and excellent arrangement. From GEORGE McDoNAU), in Truth Seeker (New York), of which he is one of the editorial writers. Unlike most other systems, the American Standard has shown itself to be progressive ; the author did not stereotype his first conceptions and put them before the world as the last word on the subject. Where he has seen opportunities for improvements, those improvements have been unhesi- tatingly made. These are not, however, in the direction of arbitrary signs and intricate phrases, but in the way of consistency and legibility, and involve a theory of analogy which, proceeding from an established princi- ple, carries a word through all its forms without changing the form of the primitive. The gain by this method in legibility must be apparent to all stenographers, and there is no reason for fearing any sacrifice of speed. From W. A. LAW, Official Stenographer and writer of the Munson system Spartanburg, S. C. I am delighted with TEXT- BOOK, Part 11. Having examined carefully half a dozen of the most popular phonographic text-books, I claim for yours, without fear of contradiction, superiority in comprehensiveness and clearness. But what strikes me most, and let me say that i t takes a working stenograpner to appreciate this fully, is the vein of strong, prac- tical common sense underlying every principle you advocate, and the total absence of those artistic impossibilities which have often been a great drawback to your g reporters. The chapter on Prefixes and Affixes is ex- cellent ; your treatise on speed is a valuable acquisition to shorthand liter - ture. These are not half the good points which a rapid glance at your book has revealed. Charles Dickens said, in the preface to " David Copper- field," that he regarded th .t work as a father does nis favorite child ; as the fa her of SCOTT-BROWNE'S TEXT- BOOK you are the subject of the heartiest envy on the part of the fraternity. You should be proud of your boy. From GEORGE R. BISHOP, Stenographer to the N. Y. Stock Exchange. t have been interested in looking the book [Part II.] through so far as I have had time to do so, particularly at your peculiar use of the back hook following the s-circle, formerly used for tlm after the s. I have no doubt that for convenience of adding the following consonant stroke there would often be a good deal of advantage in this employment of it ; and the question of easy junction is one of the most important ones in Phonog- raphyin compassing a difficult one a writer may get left three or four signs behind ; and I am in favor of even sacrificing a principle of analogy, occasionally, to accomplish or secure these easy or readily written angles. I think you gain something, too, by appending, or inserting, right in the text, in immediate connection with the explanation of forms and princi- ples, of writing exercises. I observed that you had come round to the use that Mr. Eugene Davis and myself have for years made of the h-tick for Mm, as well as he and the. I am much pleased with the sign myself. I be- gan to use it for him shortly before Mr. Davis did, I believe, and we came to the use of it, probably, from independent reasoning on the subject. My reasoning was this : if the sign for who is good for both who and whom why not the ft-tick for both nominative and objective. From JOHN W. BrLLiNQ, East Saginaw, Mich., Stenographer to the law firm of Tarsney & Weadock. Shorthand Abbreviations and Parts I. and II. of the TEXT- BOOK or PHONOGRAPHY are at hand. In your Abbreviations I find many improve- ments which, m my judgment, will apply to defects heretofore observed in Pitman's and Graham's methods. The opportunity for forming deriva- tives is excellent. There were many outlines written before in which the derivatives bore no resemblance to the primitives. Tour Text-Books are simplicity themselves, and ought to be in the hands of all who desire to study the art, as well as those who have already mastered it. They do do not go into the redundancy so much observed in other works of like character. From CHARLES C. MIDWOOD, Mechanicville, N. Y., an old practical Short- hand writer by the Pitman-Graham method, and Stenographer to the Gen. Man. of the Boston, Hoosao Tunnel & Western R. R. I have read your Part II. TEXT-BOOK through from the first page to the last and think so well of it that [ have gone back to first principles, and am studying it very thoroughly. I have adopted almost all of the ah* breviations in the Book of Abbreviations and find they come quite readily Many of the outlines are longer than Pitman's, but after practising them I find they can be written quite as rapidly and read much easier. The chapter on Syllabication is one that cannot fail to be appreciated by all shorthand writers. I have no doubt that many writers, as well as myself, have sometimes found stumbling-blocks in many words ending in the tion syllable, which now can be very readily overcome. I cannot too highly recommend the book, and shall hereafter recommend it to aU students I may teach. Prom C. C. BRENNEMAN, Stenographer to the Georgia Pacific Railway Co., Birmingham, Ala., former writer of the Graham method. I am of the opinion that you made the greatest discovery in Phon- raphy that has yet been disclosed when ycu hit upon the principles of Syllabication and Analogy, "which work together in the majority of words in perfect harmony, and I do not regret at all the two years lhat I waited for the single purpose of seeing your Part I. come out before taking up the art for practical purposes, and I only regret that I could not have been in New-York under vour instruction when you were preparing your admirable Part II. From H. P. WORMLEY, Quincy, Cal., Official Court Stenographer, by the Marsh system. I am very much pleased with your TEXT-BOOK OF PHONOGRAPHY, and, although I write Marsh's system, I find many things in your book which I can study to advantage. From TIMOTHY HORGAN, of Boston, Mass., Stenographer to R. H. White & Co. TEXT-BOOK Part II. seems to be "just the thing." It anticipates everything that might be of use to the student or necessary for him to know, and gives a plain and satisfactory exposition of phonographic principles. I was very much puzzled in trying to understand the omitting of vowels in rapid writing, or rather, "the vowel rule of position," but now I have no trouble. I have received more for my money than I expected, and I would not part with the book for ten times its price. From P. E. SWENEY, of Cleveland, Ohio. Part II. TEXT-BOOK is just the thing I have been looking for for some time. Especially does it please me where you point out the errors which the young stenographer is likely to fall into. It seems to me that chapter was written for my special benefit, as several of the bad habits there pointed out I had already fallen into, but I trust that by strictly following your directions I shall overcome them. From JOHN JACOBS, of Gardiner, Me. I am pleased with your Part II. TEXT-BOOK, you have done splendidly in defining the laws and principles of shorthand to such per- fection. You have Graham and Munson by the ears, and they will have no other chance for stealing improved systems. From F. W. PIRRITTE, of New Market, Out. I am very much pleased that I have adopted your system, for with six weeks study I gained in speed several words more than I could write in Munson's system after seven months' study, and with won- derfully increased legibility. From JOHN N. BRUNS, of Greenville, N. J. I find the ROOK OF ABBREVIATIONS so valuable even to my systefii (Munson's) that I should not hesitate to pay $1.50 for it, if such were its cost. From J. C. ROUZER, 1540 Chouteau Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. The complete set of your TEXT-BOOKS came duly to hand, and to say that I am pleased with them is the very mildest way of expressing it. I am delighted to find them very small in size, but very complete in the text, and they certainly deserve the title of being a clear cut set of TEXT-BOOKS for the student desiring the best there is on the subject. ' From P. E. and NELLIE M. BEARDSLEY, of Falls City, Neb., Sten- ographers to the First Judicial District. Your MONTHLY is always a welcome visitor and is studied carefully by the entire firm. I estimate that the " Hel " and " Her " principles have been worth to us all we have ever paid for the MONTHLY from the first number. We have also adopted many labor saving forms from " Offered Improvements," which could only have been found in \he MONTHLY. From E. A. KILBOURNE, Stenographer to Manager of Grand Opera House, Chicago, 111. To criticise the MONTHLY would require a captiousness amounting to unfriendliness, and to withhold the encouragement and praise the work honestly merits, would be equally ungenerous. I can do neither, and by that I mean that I have no fault to find, and much praise to offer. From FRED. R. GUERNSEY, of the Editorial I was very glad to receive from my newsman several numbers of BROWNE'S PHONOGRAPHIC MONTHLY. I shall do all in my power to help on its circulation. Jf is the best Short hand Magazine in the World. You deserve the thanks of the fraternity for your energy and keen appreciation of what the Phonographic world demands in the way of a bright and newsy journal. The f ac-similes of actual reporting notes are invaluable. TEACHERS' OPINIONS. From REV. J. T. WARD, President Westminster Maryland College, Westminster, Md. I have been very much pleased with your text-books of Phonography of which I have Parts I, and II. I am not a professional reporter, but I take great delight in Phonography. It is a scientific and beautiful art. The first text-book that I used was a little work published in New-York by Webster. I have also examined Benn Pitman's and other systems, but I hare never met with any which I regard as (food as yours. Prom SHOWN & HOLLAND, Principals of the Practical Shorthand School, 61 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111. We have long desired a shorthand text-book with better arrangement than Benn Pitman's text-books have at present, and have eagerly exam- ined each new work to find such. "We are pleased with many things in your Part I., and have had in our school some writers of your system who have made satisfactory progress under our instructions, and we shall be pleased at any time to receive others. Part II. of your TEXT-BOOK is a guide to reporting in the fullest sense of the term. We have examined your Text-Rooks, and are very glad to find that, while you do not claim a new system in Phonography, you have presented the Pitman system with but slight changes, in its best and most complete form. We are satisfied that writers of every system will find in your book much that is valuable and of assistance to every earnest shorthander in reaching the goal of his ambition a more thorough practise of shorthand writing and reading. From W. H. WHEELER, in the Auburn Daily Advertiser; Benn Pitman re- porter and member of the editorial staff of that paper. The Benn Pitman writers have brought to them something that is even more philosophic than that excellent system, and, at the same time, nothing which can confuse them in the least. From LOUCK& CARROTHERS & BALL, Proprietors of the Capitol City Com- mercial College, 119 State Street, Albany, N. T. We used great caution in selecting a text-book of shorthand for our College, and after many trials with various other authors decided to adopt D. L. Scott-Browne's. We found it to be the simplest, and still the most comprehensive and practical, of any which came under our observation. Confident that it will meet the demand of the class-room, we cheerfully recommend it to the public. From J. E. SLOCUMB, Principal of the Phonographic Department of The Nelson Business College, Cincinnati, O. I have carefully examined Part II. of the American Standard Series of Text-Books, and recognize in it the completion of a simple, logical, sys- tematical, philosophical and practical system. You have already been battering at the wall of erroneous ideas which has so long enshrouded Phonography; but in this work you have reached the culminatining point: the wall is demolished, its destruction is complete. The chapter on Speed is alone worth the price of the book. It shows that speed does not consist, as is commonly supposed, in burdening the mind with useless, illogical, and hence, impracticable phrases and arbitrary word-signs; but in the systematic training of the min'l and hand the mind to photograph, as it were, instantaneously the words as they fall from the speaker's lips, and the hand to as rapidly transfer these pictures to paper. Your treatment of the principles of Syllabication and Analogy must recommend itself to all. The book is original in its plan, clear in its directions and philo- sophical in its teachings. The typographical appearance of the book ia perfect. From M. A. Vv" ALTER, Principal of School of Phonography, 91 North Pearl Street, Albany, N. Y. I have been using Benn Pitman's Manual in my school in this city, but think I would prefer your book, as it has always been a hobby of mine to keep the root word in the derivative i^ possible, and that Pitman does not do. From W. C. SPEAKMAN, Steclcvillc, Pa. Allow me to compliment you on your truly valuable work. Your books are permeated with good common sense, an ingredient not found in excess in the majority of Phonographic books. I shall lay the old time works on the shelf and endeavor to improve my notesby follow- ing the principles of the AMERICAN STANDARD. I am a Pitman writer and have long since wondered why some one had not made a common- sense improvement on that once grand but now antiquated system. My wonder ceases when I review your books. From W. F. FITZGERALD, Teacher, West Troy, N. Y. I am greatly pleased with your series of text-books. I recently sold a set of them to a young man who took lessons of me in the Pitman system, and he expresses much satisfaction with the simpli- city and uniformity of your system. From N. I. CONOLY, a graduate under Graham and Teacher in his School. I find many things in your Part II. that are valuable to students of the art. Its simplicity and explicit directions must be appreciated by every lover of shorthand. Mr. Underbill's chapter on law reporting is a model of terseness and amplitude of instruction which every student will do well to study. From Lou C. HANS, Wichita, Kans., Teacher of Phonography. I have a complete set of your TEXT-BOOKS and can say they are worth their weight in gold. I am sure I have gained 20 words in speed from the use of your Part II. TEXT- BOOK. From D. P. LINDSLEY, author of Takigraphy, in his Shorthand Writer. Mr. Browne is a teacher, and embodies his experience in teaching the art. He could not fail to make a work of at least some practical utility. Mr. Browne duz not claim to present a new system. Here- tains the old Pitman aliabet of the nimh edition, avoiding the inver- sion of the vowel scale, which made such a turmoil in England and America ten or twelve years ago, and which Munson and more re- cently Longley have adopted. Mr. Browne's presentation of the elements is clear and practical. The joind vowel ticks of Lesson VI are a good feature, and the joining of the Oa in Oasis by means of the Wa sign is quite ingenious. He also gives a joind JF"-tick which is convenient. The work before us contains only Part I, and com- prizes only the elements and principles of contractions, the applica- tion of these principles being reserved for Part II. Mr. Browne claims among other things the following distinguishing features for his work: I. A convenient order of arrangement reading and writing lessons following the text. 2. Simplified directions and rules. 3. A clear analysis of the vowel elements. 4. Positiv values for the difthongal signs (making them independ- ent of position.) 5- Following vowels joind to difthongs. 6. Joining brief IV and Y almost invariably initially and medially. 7. Vowels preceding or following the brief W or Y exprest by ioind signs. 8. Simplifying the writing of //. 9. Changing Conflicting and illegible word-signs. 10. Reducing their number from six thousand to about five hundred. II. Sparing use of the halving principle. 12. Improving the prefix signs. These improvemcn'.s are all apparently in the right direction and aim at securing advantages for Fonografy. We think that Browne has made a useful work, and one that those determind to adhere to the old Fonografy wil do wel to study. PRESS' OPINIONS. From the American Bookseller, April 2nd, 1883. Scott-Browne's Text Book of Phonography is the most concise work upon this art that has been brought before our notice. From the Norristown Herald, Pa. We have examined with much pleasure the Text-Book of Phonog- raphy by D. L. Scott-Browne; it is a complete and concise work and may be used to the greatest advantage by those intending to pursue the study of this subject, as it is becoming the system of shorthand. From THE EDITOR of Magazine fuer Stenographie of Berlin, Germany. The editor of the most favorite shorthand journal in America offers hereby in a very excellent shape and representation a text-book of Benn Pitman's Phonography, the principal system of Shorthand in America, augmented by such improvements as the author found prac- tical during his long activity as teacher of Shorthand. Authors of German text-books of shorthand might consider this work a model in every direction. From ThoMAs ANDERSON, author and critic, London, England. I should like to say a word about the Text-Book, and I shall say it as I have always endeavored to do in criticising shorthand books, guardedly and conscientiously. In the first place then, it is well and elegantly got up both inside and out. What to my mind, however, is of greater importance is this : that on a pretty cursory inspection I find it to be a more complete, elaborate and systematic presentation of Phonography than is anything of Pitman's from the great Isaac's own attempts down to the attempts of independent potters at his plan. I shall take any good opportunity I may be favored with to speak a good word for the MONTHLY as well as to give the Text-Book all ap- propriate praise. From the Notre Dame Scholastic, Sept., 30, 1882. This is not a new system of Phonography, but simply a new pre- sentation of the old and popular system of Benn Pitman. The author of the new Text-Book, well known as the editor of BROWNE'S PHONO- GRAPHIC MONTHLY, and teacher of the art of shorthand in New- York City, has incorporated in his work such modifications as during a course of eight years teaching, and in the practice by reporters by that method during the past ten or twelve years have been suggested and deemed worthy of acceptance. Many of these are valuable one of them alone, the tick joined to the double vowel signs to express a third vowel, as in royal, trowel, continmty, etc., is worth the price of the book to any stenographer. Scott-Btowne's Text- Book professes to "discard many of the expedients, devises, con- tractions, word-signs, arbitrary and illogical principles found in other text-books and not found in the practice of reporters." Scott- Browne's text-book is a decided improvement over the Benn Pitman method of writing and offers many devices that will prove useful to writers by all methods. The lessons 24 in number are admirably arranged in consecutive order and fully illustrated with engravings. The print is clear, on fine toned paper and the book is creditable alike 10 author and publisher. From Every Evening, Wilmington, Delaware. Students of the Benn Pitman system of shorthand, will find in Part i. a clear and concise, yet comprehensive, manual of the elements of the art as practiced by a large majority of professional stenographers of the United States. The author claims for the book that it embodies the improvements made in the last ten years. Whether it embodies all of them or not is probably a question upon which no two practical stenographers will agree, as each member of the profession almost insensibly acquires and adopts little pecularities and individualities which he grows in time to cherish, if not overvalue, but it can be truly said that if the student masters the lessons contained in this book he will need little but earnest practice of what he has acquired to fit himself for verbatim reporting. The author seems to have selected in the main very judiciously from the material in hand, adopting only such innovations as have been thoroughly tested in actual use. He has compiled his work, not from his own experience alone, but from the combined experience of leading phonographers throughout the United States, after extended comparison and inves- tigation as to the best application of the principles of the art in their actual practice. A good feature of the book is its simplicity. The formidable list of word-signs in some other manuals is cut down to dimensions which can more readily be assimilated, the most service- able among them being retained with a very few modifications which have been shown to be generally, improvements. When the advanced student has mastered these he can readily judge for himself of the advisability of extending the list, and. if he so desires, will be cap- able of doing so ad libitum; but the practice of the best writers has shown that there is a limit beyond which abbreviation, because of its tax upon the memory and its detracting from legibility, is not con- ducive to the best results in practice. Among the improvements ad- opted are the very useful r his sending a sample of his longhand writing, and style of . steel pen used, -- $2.25 FOUNTAIN PEN Made for shorthand writing, coarse or fine pointed as desired, will not clog or leak, writes with any good ink, accepted by thousands of stenographers as the best, and will write a whole day with one filling. Price recently reduced cne third, Plain, - - $3.50 Gold mounted, - 4.00 MAMMOTH PEN-HOLDER for relief to the hand in con- tinuous writing, superior to any devise for enlarging the ordinary holder, will take any size pen, is a thing of beauty, ebonized and handsomely decorated by hand painting. Would make a unique present for any ona stenographer or not. 25 cts. CEDAR PEN-HOLDER. Suitable for any pen, keeps the ink from soiling the fingers or the work if dropped upon the desk; without the steel ferrule which is supposed to aggravate or tend to cause writer's cramp. 6 for 25 cts. No smaller order filled unless when other goods are or- dered with which it can be packed. PEN AND PENCIL CASE. Carries a full set of sharpened pencils without breaking the points, Fountain, Mammoth, Gold Pen and Holder, Rubber and Steel Eraser, made durable and convenient for the pocket. 50 cts. EACH. DOZEN. PENCILS. The best for Stenographer's use. No. I; pure black, without grit, and with a line of shorthand engraved on the same. - 10 cts. $i. No. 2, with permanent rubber tips, 10 cts. $i. CELLULOID OR HARD RUBBER PENHOLDERS; very handsome and durable, assorted colors, 10 cts. i. INK-ERASERS. For typewriter use, ro cts. i. PENCIL CASE. In black or red leather, as handsome as morrocco, holding six pencils, made very strong and a sure protection to the points of pencils. $2. POCKET INK STANDS. Can be carried in the vest pocket, will not tip over when in use, have large mouths, and are just the thing for stenographers' use. 50 c's. $( or $3. LEAD PENCIL SHARPENER, a simple device convenient for the pocket, combining a knife with a file for sharpening a pencil so as to prevent waste and soiling the fingers. Price 40 cts. STEEL POCKET ERASER. Opens like a knife, made with a cocoa or ivory handle paper cutter for trimming books, paper, etc., etc. - 50 cts. * TYPEWRITING PAPEE. As cheap as ordinary paper and produces the neatest effect in type- writer work. Single quire postpaid; per ream, by express. QUIRE.REAM STOCK "A", Bankers' Linen, Legal, manifolds, plain, isc. $1.75 STOCK "A", Letter size, i2c. 1.50 STOCK "A", Legal Cap, ruled for copying testimony, iSc. 2.00 BOND "E", Heavy, Wove, Legal, for single copies only, 25c. 2.50 IRISH LINEN, Heavy, Laid, Legal, for single copies, 2<;c. 2.50 ONION SKIN, Legal or letter size, Manifolds many copies, isc. 2.50 DOZ. HUNDRED CARBON, Legal Cap, best, will not smut, very durable, 6oc. 5.00 COPY COVERS, for Legal matter, I5C. 7sc. CALIGRAPH AND TYPEWRITER RIBBONS. When ordering please state for which machine the ribbon is wanted EACH. RECORD, for manifolding and neat jobs, black or 7 .rple, $i. COPYING, for preservation in Letter Book, ,:::y color, I. INDELIBLE, Selvedge edge, giving a permanent copy any color 1.50 RIBBONS REINKED for fifty cents each. VARIOUS CONVENIENCES. OIL. The or.ly really first-class typev/ritcr machine oil to be had. Price 25 cents per bottle. POCKET OIL CAN. Neat and secure from leaking. Price 15 cts. TAPE OR CORP. Tor i:se in binding typewriter copy. Per ball or roll. 25 cents. PAPFR FASTFNFRS f< r 1 irding copied matter, per box of ioo ( ordinary size, 30 cents. READY BINDER forhu'-ir.css papers, reporters' notes, loose papers, letters, or periodicals, 10 cents each; 3 for 25 cents. TYPEWRITER BRUSHES. One for cleaning the type from ink, and the other fcr Keeping the parts clear from dust. Price 10 cents each. RUBFER BANDS fcr Typewriter, $ cents per pair. 25 cents per half dozen pairs, assorted sizes for office use, 25 cents a dozen. TYPEWRITER COPY HOLDER, made of metal, saves time and eyes, and adds profit to labor, sent by express at purchaser's ex- pense. Price $2.00. PHONOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE PAPER. This paper is put up in neat boxes, ci ntainir.g one quire each with envelopes to match, ruled in red and a unique symbolical design of the art printed on the paper and envelopes, making it very stylish paper for shorthand correspondence. Price per box, 25 cents. COPY COVERS. In imitation of alligator skin, very handsome for binding typewriter copied plays or general matter. Price 10 cents each. . TYPEWRITER CABINET, black walnut, four drawers, with waste paper box, a very useful piece of furniture. Price $10. EIGHT DRAWER CABINET, looks like an ordinary library table- when the machine is not in use. When wanted the machine comes up from a recess in the desk by the aid of a spring. The handsomest and most perfect protector for any writing machine ever made. It also contains conveniences for doing the work required by the stenog- rapher in ruling, folding papers, etc., etc., without removing the machine combining a typewriter table with an office desk, being complete to be used for either purpose or for both at the same time, without inconvenitr.ee. Price $40. CLOTH BINDER FOR THE MONTHLY, or any magazine of the same dimensions without regard to thickness, such as the Century St. Nicholas, etc., etc. So simple it is understood when first seen. Price 75 cents. TYPEWRITERS. Any make of machine for Stenographers' use will be supplied from this office at tfce lowest price at which the machines can be sold by any agent. On some machines the agent's prices can be discounted. EYE SHADE for protection for ^he eyes in working by artificial light, made of cloth and perforated for ventilation, of an agreeable instead of sore-eye color. Price 15 cents each. HAND-BAG, with compartments for carrying notes, transcripts, legal or other papers, having a handle, lock, chain or strap to hang from the shoulder if desired. Indispensable to lady stenographers, as it serves every purpose of a pocket and is more secure and com. modious. Price $2 and $4. The cheaper ones being without lock or shoulder strap. THE NEW PEN-HOLDER gives to any steel pen the flexibility and ease of a gold pen, holding a pen with any degree of firmness desired. The freedom of action that is allowed to the shank of a pen within this pen-holder removes entirely the feeling of rigidity and stiffness, and consequent strain upon the muscles of the fingers and wrist that accompanies the use of all ordinary pen-holders, there- by making this one thoroughly anti-nervous; accommodates itself to any pen, and the flexibility of the pen can be changed by turning the screw-head in the holder; made of rubber and very durable. Price 25 cents. Mammoth size 40 cents. Pocket Reverse Holder, 55 cis. OTHER SUPPLIES which may come into the market from time to time, will be furnished from this office; in fact, anything the stu- dent or stenographer needs or which may be helpful to him in any way, can be had from us whether it is found on our present list or not. So pleaie send us your order for whatever you may want and be assured that by our prompt and fair dealing we will deserve your continued patronage. \ ^ / Hyattsville, Md. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. Form L9-25m-9,'47(A5618)444 AT LOS ANGELES LIBRARY sU2t 1886 &m