Jolin Swett 
 
 HW-. 
 
TUB 
 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOL 
 
 SPELLER AND DEFINER: 
 
 EMBBACINQ 
 
 GRADED LESSONS IN SPELLING, DEFINITIONS, PRONUNCIA- 
 TION, AND SYNONYMES ; PROPER NAMES AND GEO- 
 GRAPHICAL TERMS ; A CHOICE SELECTION 
 OF SENTENCES FOR DICTATION ; 
 
 A CONDENSED STUDY OF ENGLISH ETYMOLOGY, 
 
 BY 
 
 E. D. FAEEELL. 
 
 New York : 
 
 THE CATHOLIC PUBLICATION SOCIETY 
 
 Co., 
 
 9 Barclay Street. 
 
 1877. 
 
Gopyright : 
 
 1877. 
 
 The Catholic Publication Society 
 
 Co. 
 
COITTEIsrTS. 
 
 Vocal Sounds, .... 
 Names of Familiar Objects, 
 Rules for Spelliug, ... 
 Words liable to be confounded, . 
 Lessons in distinguishing Words, 
 Words relating to various Occupations and 
 Plurals and Possessives, 
 English Prefixes, .... 
 
 Suffixes, 
 
 Silent Letters, . , 
 Latin Prefixes, .... 
 Abbreviations and Punctuation Marks, 
 Names of Men, • . 
 Greek Prefixes, .... 
 Names of Women, . • . 
 A comprehensive Eeview of Suffixes, 
 Synonymous Words, . 
 Exercises in Derivative Words, . 
 Miscellaneous Words and Definitions, 
 Latin Roots and English Derivatives, 
 Geographical Names, .... 
 Names of Distinguished Persons, 
 Noted Names of Fiction, 
 Distinguished Preachers, etc., 
 Words frequently mispronounced. 
 Miscellaneous Sentences for Dictation, 
 Greek Roots and English Derivatives, 
 Anglo-Saxon Roots and English Derivatives, 
 Ecclesiastical Terms properly defined, 
 
 9 
 
 Sciences, 
 
 PAGES 
 
 15- 7'i 
 
 15- 22 
 
 16- 25 
 
 17- 81 
 16- 79 
 23- 58 
 27- 33 
 36- 42 
 
 43- 55 
 
 44- 46 
 56- 67 
 59- 63 
 64- 71 
 68- 74 
 72- 75 
 75- 79 
 
 75- 79 
 
 76- 79 
 80-217 
 80-182 
 80- 89 
 90- 97 
 98- 99 
 
 100-101 
 102-129 
 129-217 
 183-200 
 201-217 
 218-225 
 
 54 Hi 78 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The Grammar School Speller akd Defii^er is de- 
 signed to furnisli the teacher with one hook containing the 
 material necessary for a thorough course of instruction in 
 Enghsh orthography and orthoepy. 
 
 Experience proves that an excellent oral speller must 
 not be expected to spell equally well on paper; and that 
 a pupil wlio has a perfect knowledge of an extensive list 
 of words finds it a difficult task to write an ordinary sen- 
 tence from dictation. Hence the division of the work into 
 oral, written, and dictation exercises. 
 
 The different modes in which several of the elementary 
 sounds are represented, and the use of the same letter or 
 combination of letters to express different sounds, render 
 Enghsh spelling a difficult task. A series of exercises has 
 been prepared to secure a thorough drill on the vocal clc- 
 meiits. During this recitation the teacher Avill also find 
 ample opportunity to correct faulty pronunciation. 
 
 The structure of w^ords, the rules for spelling, and the 
 manner of forming derivatives by means of prefixes and 
 suffixes form an important feature of the general plan. 
 
 The groups of words arranged on the principle of asso- 
 ciation will serve as an introduction to the more serious 
 work of definition ; and the extensive collection of syno- 
 
12 Fee FACE, 
 
 — * — 
 iiymes will assist the tcaclier in enlarging the pupils' voca- 
 bulary, and in im^^ressing those shades of meaning which 
 show the cultivated mind. 
 
 No effort has been made to arrange the miscellaneous 
 words £0 that the initial letter or terminal syllable shall be 
 indicated by the preceding word. The plan of arrange- 
 ment by similarity of structure has two defects: a search 
 for sucli words results in the accumulation of useless ma- 
 terial ; and in study one word blends with the next, so that 
 the pupil retains only indistinct impressions. Each word 
 must be learned by itself. The ability to accomplish this 
 task offers a fair test of the culture of the |)upil. 
 
 The etymological diyision contains the principal Latin, 
 Greek, and Anglo-Saxon roots found in our language. 
 Generally, two forms of the Latin yerb have been inserted 
 — the indicative present, ending in o, and the supine (par- 
 ticipial noun), ending in tun, or the past-participle, end- 
 ing in us. The genitive (possessive), in many cases, has 
 been added to nouns and adjectives. . The root-AVord is 
 given and defined; next follows the radical enclosed in a 
 parentliesis ; then the derivative words. 
 
 The signification of a derivative includes the essence of 
 each of its parts. During the early stages of the develop- 
 ment of our language the derivative had none other than 
 a literal meaning, but in a living language the application 
 of words as well as the form is ever subject to change. 
 To make the subject of etymology a source of mental 
 discipline, it is necessary to trace the effect of each sig- 
 nificant part and to establisli a connection between the 
 primary application of the derivative and its present defi- 
 nition. To teach the root-word and to neglect the deriva- 
 tive is to ^NVs[Q time. 
 
PliEFACE, 13 
 
 — Hh — 
 
 Tlie list of words frequently mispronounced contains 
 over five hundred examples of false orthoepy. Each word 
 has been divided into syllables and marked with the pri- 
 mary accent. In nearly all cases attention is called to the 
 incorrect pronunciation. Write the lesson on the board 
 without accent or other mark, and call upon the pupil to 
 pronounce each vord. This plan for conducting recita- 
 tions has stood the test of the class-room. 
 
 E'o attempt has been made to manufacture sentences 
 for dictation. Artificial sentences are sometimes necessary, 
 but a teacher can always invent enough for the purpose of 
 illustration. A supply for use irrespective of circumstances 
 is a fertile source of mischief. Hardly an English word 
 can be found that has not passed through the hands of a 
 master. The dictionaries and books of synonymes teem 
 with specimens embedded in the purest English. These 
 sentences have been taken in preference to manufactured 
 articles that begin nowhere and end without giving a clue 
 to the meaning of the test v/ord. 
 
 The aim has been to prepare a practical Speller and 
 J3efiner. Whatever is included has undergone the test of 
 utility. Bare words have been excluded, and those in- 
 serted, together with the definitions, have been compared 
 with the standard dictionary. 
 
THE 
 
 Geammae School 
 
 SPELLER A]^D DEFINER. 
 
 1. The sound of a, as in fate, marked a. Define 
 each word. Pronounce distinctly. 
 
 fa' tal 
 
 ra' zor 
 
 4 sa' bro -^ 
 
 y ya' por - 
 
 la' tent 
 
 spa' cioiis 
 
 sa' tan 
 
 na' val 
 
 a' zare - 
 
 na' sal" 
 
 ca' ret 
 
 gri mace' 
 
 t al' ien — 
 
 gla' zier » 
 
 eliast' en 
 
 f/ e rase' 
 
 at]' cient 
 
 bra' sior 
 
 claim' ant 
 
 ar range' 
 
 bale' fill 
 
 bra' zeii 
 
 fa' cial 
 
 as say' 
 
 vague' ly 
 
 ca' lipli 
 
 pa' tlios 
 
 in sane' 
 
 2. Use each word in a sentence. 
 
 fu' el and' ir on 
 
 o cin' ders grid' ir on 
 
 ^^ an' tbra cite su' et 
 
 U bi tu' mi nons -cit' ron 
 
 can' nel all' spice - 
 
 lye starch 
 
 scut' tie -, cin'na mon 
 
 ya nil' la 
 mo las' scs 
 sug' ar 
 ' sir' up *- 
 yict' uals 
 fa ri' na 
 yir 
 
 15 
 
 clioc' o late *- 
 , mac a ro' ni - 
 
 sal e ra' tus 
 
 rai' sins 
 i^cur' rants "~ 
 
 cay enne' pep' per 
 
 cream of tar' tar 
 
16 GRAM3IAR IScnooL ISpeller and Definer. 
 
 3. The equivalents of a. 
 
 Pronounce and define. 
 
 mi' iv>eii: 
 
 . dai' ry 
 
 plain' tive 
 
 ^4 
 
 ac quaint' - 
 
 dui' ly, , , ." 
 
 . tra'i' tor 
 
 prai' rie 
 
 
 bey' 
 
 : 'iriAs-^'\ \ ,.; 
 
 - neigii' bor 
 
 qua' ver 
 
 
 in veigh' 
 
 may' or - 
 
 bail' m 
 
 straight' en 
 
 
 pur vey' 
 
 Cray' on 
 
 weigh' ty 
 
 sua' sion 
 
 
 aj) praise' 
 
 Jf rein' deer - 
 
 way' ward 
 
 wain' scot 
 
 
 main tain' 
 
 liei' nous 
 
 claim' ant 
 
 cai' tiff 
 
 >f 
 
 bou quet' . 
 
 4, Rule I. — TJie final o of a primitivG word is dropped on 
 the addition of a syllable beginning witli a voioeL 
 
 judg' ing ^ per Spir' ing^-^CU' ra blc Two ee's keep both. 
 
 a bat' in^ ^7 sty' lish ~ rogu' ish a gree' a ble 
 
 stat' u a ry v- js jui' cy «. fore see' ing 
 
 blam' a ble re yers' i ble^^ flee' ing ** 
 sal' a ble pur su' ing guar an tee' ing 
 
 smo' ky — ^^ ' ston' y - dis a gree' a ble 
 
 mor' tis ing." ' mov' a ble ^ de cree' ing 
 
 writ' ing 
 em bra' cing 
 re fu' sal 
 brut' ish r 
 loos' en .^ 
 
 5. Vegetables. Written exercise. 
 
 cress es 
 beets ^ 
 pars' nip " 
 car' rot 
 rad' ish 
 let' tuce - 
 pump' kin 
 
 on' ions '•^■- ' > sal' ad ^ 
 ar' ti chokes ,., eel' er y * 
 as par' a gus * ///spin' ach ^ 
 po ta' toes /.ipars' ley .. 
 
 can' li flow er *« -^-sour'-crout ^ 
 ru' ta-ba' ga mush' rooms 
 
 horse' rad ish , musk' mel on 
 
 / 
 
 cu' cum bers 
 esch a lots' 
 rliu' barb .* 
 scair ions 
 to ma' toes 
 maize 
 gar' lie 
 
 6. A lesson in distinguishing -words. 
 
 AVe hide treasures. 
 
 Straight. A straight line. 
 Direct. A direct road. 
 Frail. A frail creature. 
 Fragile. A fragile vase. 
 Dense. A dense smoke. 
 Thick. Milk becomes thick. 
 
 We conceal intentions. 
 Solid. Foundations are solid. 
 Firm. Posts are firm. 
 Solid attainments. Firm con- 
 victions. 
 
Graihiar School Speller and De finer, 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 17 
 
 7. The sound of a, as in fat, marked S. 
 
 ^dbar lad « 
 '^fo al' urn ^ 
 tas' sel 
 par ate 
 dan' druil 
 car' riage 
 rasli' ness 
 
 dam' ask 
 f'; bal' ance * 
 Sab' bath 
 chat' tels 
 cham' fer 
 mat' tress 
 gas' trie 
 
 sat' in 
 gath' er 
 cap' tious 
 cal' Ions 
 tar' iff 
 fran' cbise 
 scant' ling 
 
 ff rat tan'~. 
 era yat' 
 fi nance' 
 re lax' 
 mo rass' 
 ex panse' 
 ca bal' 
 
 8, Rule II. — The final e is retained lefore a cojisona^it. 
 
 Note.— Final e is sometimes retained before a vowel, to prevent a change of 
 pronunciation, or to preserve the identity of a word. 
 
 spite' ful nine' teenth 
 
 ex treme' ly i^^^rue' ful 
 ob scnre' ly sense' less 
 vague' ly hoarse' ness 
 
 pre cise' ly ^^ terse' ly ^ 
 base' ness chaste' ness 
 
 ser' vice a ble ' •- hoe' ing ^ 
 r/ toe' ing - singe' ing 
 
 trace' a ble peace' a ble 
 
 change' a ble / ^ giu' ey ^ 
 shoe' ing tinge' ing 
 
 swinge' ing dye' ing 
 
 9. Articles of Food. 
 
 i "salm' on -. 
 gray' ling 
 had' dock 
 
 Written exercise. 
 
 par' tridge 
 pheas' ant 
 or' to Ian 
 ca' pon 
 pul' lets 
 plov' er 
 j>^ ven' ison - 
 
 tur' hot 
 S stur' geon - 
 
 pick' er el 
 ;mack' er el 
 
 por' gy 
 sar' dine 
 an cho' vy 
 Toys' ter »^- 
 seal' lop 
 mus' sels 
 pem' mi can 
 
 mut' ton 
 Sy sau' sage 
 
 ba' con 
 Co sir' loin . 
 
 bris' ket 
 
 fil' let 
 
 liars' let 
 
 10. Use each word in a sentence. 
 
 Car en dar, an almanac. 
 Car en der, a hot press. 
 Can' vas, cloth for sails. 
 
 Au' ger, for boring holes. 
 An' gur, a soothsayer. 
 Bar' ry, a small fruit. 
 Bur' y, to inter. 
 Eur' row, for rabbits. 
 Bor' ough, a corporate town 
 
 Can' vass, to examine. 
 Ces' sion, act of yielding. 
 Ses' sion of a court. . 
 
18 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 11, The sound of a, 
 
 as in fare, marked a. 
 
 par' ent 
 
 pair 
 
 fair' y 
 
 mo' hair 
 
 dar' ing- 
 
 scare 
 
 scarce' ly 
 
 de spair' 
 
 wel' fare 
 
 scarce 
 
 star' ing 
 
 in snare' 
 
 care' ful 
 
 their 
 
 where' fore 
 
 '^ • fare well' - 
 
 cor' sair 
 
 chair 
 
 eyr' y 
 
 par terre' 
 
 gair' isli 
 
 swear 
 
 pear-tree 
 
 6>;com pare' 
 
 pray' er 
 
 snare 
 
 shar' er 
 
 for bear' 
 
 12. Rule III, — Monosyllables and luords accented on the 
 last syllable, ending in a single consonant preceded by a 
 single vowel, double the final letter on the addition of a 
 syllable beginning loith a voioel. 
 
 scanned 
 planned 
 fur' ri er 
 per mit' ted 
 re ferred' 
 
 re mit' tance 
 roc cur' rence - 
 re gret' ted 
 in terred' 
 trans f er' ri ble 
 
 C ^ ac quit' ted » re bel' lious 
 
 a bet' tor ab hor' rence 
 be fogged' de barred 
 
 ■i-- cut' ting«^ /re pel' ling/ 
 clan' nish al lot' ted 
 
 ill'-starred be gin' ning 
 o mit' ted tre panned' 
 
 13, Relating to Pood and Drink. 
 
 ap' pe tite 
 crav' ing 
 ra pac' i ty ^ 
 greed' i ness 
 hun' ger 
 thirst 
 rel' ish 
 
 a vid' i ty 
 rav' en ous 
 mea' gre * 
 prod,' i gal 
 lav' ish 
 pie thor' ic 
 
 to' per 
 rev' el ler - 
 vo' ta ry 
 glut^ ton 
 ep' i cure 
 s^or' mand 
 
 mas' ti cate 
 nib' ble 
 re gale' 
 Cde vour'} 
 gorge 
 sur' feit 
 
 ex trav' a gant cor' mo rant pam' per 
 
 14. A lesson in distinguishing vroxAs. 
 
 We waste idle hours. 
 We enjoy leisure hours. 
 We desire employment for 
 
 vacant hours. 
 A mild voice dispels fear. 
 Gentle n atures attrac t f riend s. 
 
 Fertile soil. Fruitful trees. 
 Tall men. High walls. 
 Lofty mountains. 
 Sure from the laws of nature. 
 Certain from the inferences 
 of reason. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 — .J. — 
 15, The sound of a, as in far, marked a. 
 
 19 
 
 arch' er 
 ^ jaun/ dice 
 
 saun' ter 
 
 bar' ley 
 f cliar' nely' 
 ^ par' eel ^ 
 
 gaunt' let 
 
 daunt' less 
 harts' horn 
 ser' geant <- 
 blar' ney 
 gar' gle 
 tar' tar 
 bra' YO 
 
 mar' gin 
 laun' dress 
 ^ ar' chives J 
 Ni-car' cass* 
 mar' mot 
 par' tial 
 gua' va 
 
 pla card' 
 ci gar' 
 car tel' 
 pa pa' 
 mam ma' 
 lar' va 
 Ja' va 
 
 16. Which words answer the terms of Rule III. ? 
 
 ^nben' e fit ed - 
 un fit' ted 
 (big' ot ed") 
 for got' ten 
 per' il ous 
 
 ^haz' ard ous^ 
 
 be set' ting cred' it ed 
 (^ban' quet ing) re peal' ing 
 
 (jiM hil ism) 
 seem' ing 
 throb' bing 
 rob' bing 
 
 re vok' ing ^ 
 /mir' rored ] 
 pre ferred' 
 suf fered 
 
 com mit' tee 
 gray' ish 
 com' ba tant 
 re fer' ri ble 
 suf fer a ble 
 in fer' ri ble 
 
 ^mur' mur ing j rob' ing 
 
 v^rav' el lingL /e lie' it edj 
 
 17, Relating to Buildings. Written exercise 
 
 ed' i fice ., pa vil' ion - ves' ti bule 
 
 man' sion 
 vil' la 
 pal' ace - 
 ten' e ment ^ 
 wig' Avam 
 se ragl' io 
 
 thresh' old 
 porch 
 ]oor' ti CO 
 ve ran' da 
 bal' CO ny 
 pi az' za -- 
 
 cor' ri dor - 
 sto' ry 
 a part' ment 
 sa loon' 
 cab' i net 
 li' bra ry ^ 
 
 bou doir' 
 man' tel 
 
 /at' tic ) 
 gar' ret 
 scul' ler y 
 pan' try ^ 
 
 Q)\\i' ter y \ 
 
 18. Use each word in a sentence. 
 
 Cha grin', vexation. 
 Sha green', a kind of leather. 
 Colonel, a military title. 
 Ker' nel of a nut. 
 Com' pie ment of men. 
 Com' pli ment, delicate flat- 
 tery ; commendation* 
 
 Cord, a small rope. Cord of 
 wood. Chord of a piano. 
 Coun' oil of war. 
 Conn' sel, advice ; a lawyer. 
 Draught of ale. On draught. 
 Draft on a banker. 
 Kough draught of laws. 
 
^0 Grammar School Speller and Defjner. 
 
 — * — 
 19, The sound of a, as in ask, marked a. 
 
 pas' tor 
 past' ure 
 plas' ter 
 cas' ket 
 bas' ket 
 pas' time 
 cas' tie 
 
 glass 
 
 grass 
 
 ant 
 
 brass 
 
 mass 
 
 class 
 
 slan' der 
 an' swer 
 chant' ing 
 glan' cing 
 mas' tiff 
 cliand' ler 
 
 dance fast' en 
 
 cliaf fy 
 pass' port 
 draught 
 bom bast' 
 dis as' ter 
 re past' 
 en hance' 
 
 aft 
 
 lance 
 
 staff 
 
 waft 
 
 lass 
 
 grant 
 
 gi'asp 
 
 20, Note I. Rule 111.— When the accent is tliroiun for- 
 ivarcl hy the addition of a syllalle, the final letter is not 
 doubled ; ivhen throion nearer the end, it is doubled. 
 
 prefer') 
 ref ' er ence 
 fi^ef er ee'^ 
 con fer' 
 con' fer ence 
 tran' quil 
 
 de fer' 
 def ' er ent 
 def ' er ence 
 pre fer' 
 pref ' er ence 
 
 ca bal' 
 fcab' al istj 
 med' al 
 me dal' lion 
 met' al 
 
 (pref er a ble J me tal' lie 
 (tran quil' li ty ) phi lip' pic ep' i gram 
 
 Exceptions. 
 
 can' on 
 ca non' i cal 
 an' gel 
 an gel' ic 
 for' mal 
 for mal' i ty 
 
 21, Relating to Farming, Written exercise. 
 
 /gran' a ry I 
 lime'-kilii 
 dai' ry 
 
 {^troughj 
 or' chard 
 pad' dock 
 
 up' land 
 im' pie ments 
 u ten' sils 
 har' row 
 thresh; er 
 scythe -. 
 
 n 
 
 [pro lif ' icj 
 / ster' ile J 
 far low 
 ar' a ble 
 ^tiir a ble j 
 sieve 
 
 swath 
 
 plough' ing 
 gyp' sum 
 marl 
 gua' no 
 fer' til iz ers 
 
 22, A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Hideous masks. 
 
 Ghastly smiles. 
 
 A shocking accident. 
 
 Trusty servants are faithful 
 and reliable. 
 
 Faithful servants are some- 
 times indiscreet. 
 
 Broad acres. Wide streets. 
 Large rooms. Thick planks. 
 Cheerful dispositions. 
 Sprightly damsels. 
 Gay scenes. Lively children. 
 Vivacious ladies. Sportive 
 youths. Jovial companions* 
 
Grammar School Speller and Befiner. 21 
 
 23, The sound of a, as 
 
 in fall, marked a. 
 
 waltz 
 
 swarth' y 
 
 far con 
 
 ex haust' 
 
 warmth 
 
 ^calk' er) 
 
 awn' iiig 
 
 ^ap pair ) 
 
 bar sam 
 
 al' der 
 
 f ^pau' per — 
 
 a thwart' 
 
 pal' sy 
 
 thral' dom 
 
 haw' ser 
 
 in stair 
 
 ^ wharf age ^ 
 
 Cwal' rus| 
 
 star wart 
 
 ^ ^ fan' cet _ 
 
 eal' dron 
 
 war' den 
 
 /psal' tevj 
 war' rior 
 
 plan' dit 
 
 pal' try 
 
 with al' 
 
 ba salt' 
 
 24, Double 1— Worcester. 
 
 , Single 1— Webster. 
 
 trav' el ler 
 
 mar' vel lous 
 
 shov' el ler 
 
 tas' sel 
 
 rev' el ling 
 
 quar' rel ling 
 
 tnn' nel ling 
 
 coun' sel 
 
 (^ jew'* el lei^ 
 
 mar' shalled 
 
 bar' relied 
 
 chis' el 
 
 li' belled 
 
 ( vict' ual ler^ 
 
 ri' val ling 
 
 car' ol 
 
 lev' el ling 
 
 du' el list 
 
 di shev' elled 
 
 grov' el 
 
 mod' elled 
 
 can' eel ling 
 
 en am' el ler 
 
 shriv' el 
 
 e' qual ling 
 
 rav' el lings 
 
 (la' bel lingj 
 
 pan' el 
 
 25, Things 
 
 found in a Stable, Written exercise. 
 
 sad' die 
 
 head' stall 
 
 girth 
 
 teth' er 
 
 cur' ry-comb 
 
 bri doon' 
 
 breech' ing 
 
 check'-rein 
 
 bar' ness 
 
 snaf ' fle 
 
 hal' ter 
 
 eq' ui page 
 
 pom' mel 
 
 throat'-latcli 
 
 reins 
 
 ve' hi cle 
 
 can' tie 
 
 6o settes') 
 
 ^sur' cin gie) 
 
 ^ba rouche'J 
 
 ca par' i son 
 
 blink' ers 
 
 crup' per 
 
 pha' e ton ,^ 
 
 trap' pings 
 
 liames 
 
 mar' tin gale 
 
 car' i ole 
 
 26, Use each word in a 
 
 sentence. 
 
 
 Ga^e, a pledge ; a pawn. 
 Gauge, a measure. 
 In diet', to charge; to arraign. 
 In dite', to compose. 
 In vade' an enemy's country. 
 In veighed', censured; de- 
 claimed against. 
 
 Pen' dant, a jewel for the ear. 
 Pen' dent, hanging. 
 Prin' ci pal, chief ; a sum of 
 money, placed at interest. 
 Prin' ci pie, a rule. 
 Scull, to impel a boat. 
 Skull, the case of tlie brain. 
 
22 
 
 Geajtmah School Speller and De finer. 
 
 27, The i 
 
 sound of a represented by other letters. 
 
 au' tumn 
 
 cor' nice 
 
 ^mor' tisej) 
 
 tor' toise 
 
 por' poise 
 
 cor' tege 
 
 cor' sair 
 
 sub orn' 
 
 awn' ing 
 
 dor' mant 
 
 cans' tic 
 
 ap plause' 
 
 au' burn 
 
 dau' phin 
 
 can' cus 
 
 dis tort' 
 
 awk' ward 
 
 maud' lin 
 
 au' dit 
 
 re morse' 
 
 naugli' ty 
 
 haw' thorn 
 
 sau' cer*- 
 
 a dorn' 
 
 f j'gor'geous. 
 
 ^ slaugh' ter 
 
 corse' let 
 
 baw' ble 
 
 28, Rule IV, — Words ending in a double letter preserve it 
 doiiUe hefore cm addltiofial syllable, 
 
 bliss' f ul scoff' er pass' a ble 
 
 re miss' ness squall' y hi]' lock 
 
 ebb' ing _ doff' ing roll' a ble 
 
 err' ing ap palled' gall' ing 
 
 quaffed ill' ness bluff' ness 
 
 stiff' ness / droll' er y / whiff' iim 
 
 Exceptions. 
 
 (wel' coifne) 
 stir ly ' 
 fill' ness 
 skil' f ul 
 
 (duV ness J 
 
 29, Clothing materials. "Written exercise. 
 
 ^ cal' i CO cas' si mere cash' mere 
 
 \ lin' en J rat teen' baize - 
 
 sat' i net { flan' nels ) nan keen' 
 
 t sat' in ) dam' ask me ri' no 
 
 (velveteen'/ brocade' si le' si a 
 
 / cam' bricj broc' a tel (cor' du roy) 
 
 ma nil' a duck jean 
 
 ging' ham 
 gauze 
 cam' let 
 buck' ram 
 al pac' a .^ 
 rai' ment 
 doe' skin 
 
 30, A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Noxious insects inflict injury. 
 Noisome vapors cause fevers. 
 Dreadful thunder-storms. 
 Frightful convulsions. 
 A horrid spectacle. 
 Human beings. 
 Humane individuals. 
 
 Polite gentlemen. 
 
 Civil rustics. 
 
 A furious animal. A violent 
 partisan. An impetuous 
 attack. Hardened villains. 
 
 An obdurate father. 
 
 An obstinate defence. 
 
31, The sound of e, as 
 
 in mete, marked e. 
 
 e'vil 
 
 de' cent 
 
 le' gend 
 
 im pede' 
 
 ve' to 
 
 cere' ment 
 
 te' trarch 
 
 pre cede' 
 
 pe' nal 
 
 se' quel 
 
 fe' line 
 
 con yene' 
 
 le' yer 
 
 se' ri es * 
 
 pre' cept 
 
 se Crete' 
 
 fe' ver 
 
 gen' ius 
 
 tre' mor 
 
 se cede' 
 
 re' al 
 
 - spe' eie 
 
 <• 1 ac cede' ^ 
 
 ex treme' 
 
 pre' cinct 
 
 spe' cies 
 
 re yere' 
 
 /b bese'J 
 
 32, Relating to Printing. Written 
 
 exercise. 
 
 print' er 
 
 long'-prim' er 
 
 font 
 
 ster' e o type 
 
 di' a mond 
 
 small pi' ca 
 
 gal' ley 
 
 e lee' tro type 
 
 ag' ate 
 
 fpi' ca ) 
 
 quoins 
 
 litli' graph 
 
 /non pa reil^ 
 
 fo' li 
 
 pref ' ace 
 
 pam' plilet 
 
 min' ion 
 
 quar' to 
 
 mar' gin 
 
 cat' a logue 
 
 bre yier' 
 
 oc ta' yo 
 
 im' print 
 
 man' u script 
 
 bour geois' 
 
 du dec' i mo 
 
 im pri ma' tur 
 
 ap pen' dix 
 
 33, Rule V. — Final j preceded hy a consonant is generally 
 
 clianged into i hefore an additional syllalle. 
 
 ya' ri ous 
 
 sen' tries 
 
 eigh' ties 
 
 can' dies 
 
 bus' i ness 
 
 sup plies' 
 
 laun' dries 
 
 .. tro' johies 
 
 de fi' ance 
 
 f ac' ul ties 
 
 mel' dies 
 
 bel' fries 
 
 dai' sies - 
 
 dy' nas ties 
 
 di' a ries 
 
 wlier' ries 
 
 fliries) 
 
 quar' ries 
 
 f er' ries 
 
 row' dies 
 
 lux' u lies 
 
 gyp' sies 
 
 par' ties 
 
 mer' cies 
 
 leg' a cies 
 
 cher' ries 
 
 ar' mies 
 
 bran' dies 
 
 34, Use each word in a 
 
 Seign' ior, a title. 
 
 Sen' ior, older than another. 
 
 Surge, a waye ; a breaker. 
 
 Serge, a woollen cloth. 
 
 Step, a pace. • 
 
 Steppe, a yast plain. 
 
 sentence. 
 
 Strait' en, to distress. 
 Straight'en, to make straight. 
 Too many cooks^ etc. 
 Two boys going to school. 
 Their, belonging to them. 
 There, in that place. 
 
24 Grammar School Speller and De finer. 
 
 — ^ — 
 35, Words having the sound of long e. 
 
 clea' con 
 pee' yish 
 griev' ance 
 lei' sure 
 peace' f ul 
 / tweez' ers^ 
 re lief 
 
 ei' ther 
 nei' ther 
 wea' sel 
 bee' tie 
 ea' gles 
 mea' sles 
 ma chine' 
 
 bea' con 
 feat' ure 
 ve neer' 
 po lice' 
 rou tine' 
 fron' tier 
 
 Ax nique'^/^ 
 
 /^ 
 
 be queath' 
 an near 
 va lise' 
 re ceipt' 
 ca shier' 
 ^^set tee'J 
 im peach' 
 
 36. Note I. Rule V. — Final y preceded hy avowelrernains 
 tmcJianged before an additmial termination. 
 
 val' leys 
 tur' keys 
 don' keys 
 Hion' ey less « 
 jock' ey ism 
 mon' keys 
 jour' neys 
 
 chim' neys 
 pul' leys 
 sur' yeys 
 de lays' 
 an noys' 
 preyed 
 vol' leyed 
 
 lack' eys 
 at tor' neys 
 quays 
 be tray' al 
 coy' eys 
 med' leys 
 kid' neys 
 
 al loys' 
 turn' keys 
 nose' gays 
 buoys 
 Tues' days 
 Wednes' days 
 Sat' ur days 
 
 37. Relating to Stationery, Written exercise. 
 
 sta' tion er y cray' ons ^ flat' cap note 
 
 fools' cap wa' fers de my' me' di um 
 
 feras'ers/ al' bums im pe' ri al to' ken 
 
 pounce pa' per- weight reg' is ter en vel' op 
 
 mu' cil age tiss' ue-pa' per parch' ment siz' ing 
 
 seal' ing- wax Bris' tol-board eye' lets ledg' er 
 
 car' mine port fo' li os let' ter in' dex 
 
 38, A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Distant cities. Remote spots 
 are difficult to reach. 
 
 Slender stems. Slight bruises. 
 
 Vast plains. Huge monsters. 
 
 Wakeful patients. Watchful 
 nurses. Vigilant scouts. 
 
 Martial music. Warlike peo- 
 ple. Military movements. 
 Wholesome food. 
 Healthful exercise. 
 Noted for kindness. 
 Notorious for rascality. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 25 
 
 39. The sound of e, 
 
 clier' ub 
 des' pot 
 
 as in met, marked g. 
 
 /*er' rand/ 
 metli' od 
 1^ tep' id 
 pre' cious 
 es' sence 
 
 wres' tie 
 ores' cent 
 yel' low 
 gen' tile 
 (prel' ude^ 
 sel' vage 
 sclied' ule 
 
 pen' guin 
 slier' iff 
 nepli' ew 
 ^ shep' herd ) 
 gest' lire 
 clem' ent 
 ten' ant 
 
 crev ice 
 strength' en 
 length' en 
 ca det' 
 de scend' 
 al lege' • 
 finesse' •» 
 
 40, Rule VI, — Compoimds 
 the si7nplG ivords wliicli 
 form excerptions. 
 
 generally retain the spelling of 
 compose tliem. All and pull 
 
 Hue' bell 
 vine' yard 
 tooth' ache 
 whole' some 
 earth' quake 
 here af ter 
 home' spun 
 
 pick'-pock et 
 no' where 
 there' a bout 
 a fore' said 
 thith' er ward 
 hith' er ward 
 god' fa ther 
 
 wheel' Wright 
 pearl' ash 
 o ver done' 
 house' wife 
 more o' yer 
 length' wise 
 peace'-mak er 
 
 bread'- stuffs 
 bride' groom 
 bare' faced 
 black' guard 
 note' wor thy 
 al migh' ty 
 bat' tie-array' 
 
 41, Relating to the Fine Arts, 
 
 ar' tist 
 lim' ner 
 am a teur' 
 con nois seur' 
 /fea' sel ^ 
 f'pal' ette "^ 
 t spat' u la) 
 
 stu' di o 
 um' ber 
 o' chre 
 ver mil' ion 
 oil'-col ors 
 en cans' tic 
 en am' el 
 
 chro mat' ic 
 see' ner y 
 pict u resque' 
 draw' ings 
 por' trait 
 car toons' 
 f res' CO 
 
 mo sa ics 
 pan o ra' ma 
 car' i ca ture 
 en grav' ings 
 pinx.^ painted it, 
 sc, , engraved it, 
 dety drexo it. 
 
 42. Use each -word in a sentence. 
 
 Vi' al, a small bottle. 
 Vi' ol, a stringed instrument. 
 Waive, to put off. 
 Wave, an undulation. 
 Cour' te sy, politeness. 
 Courte' sy, a gentle bow. 
 
 Pol' ish, lustre ; refinement, 
 Po' lish, belonging to Poland. 
 Tar' ry, resembling tar. 
 Tar' ry, to stay ; to delay. 
 Wors' ted, a kind of yarn. 
 Worst' ed, defeated. 
 
f 
 
 'A' 
 
 43. The sound of e represented by other letters. 
 
 an' y 
 
 zeal' ous heav' en 
 
 a gain' 
 
 man' y 
 
 leop' ard break' fast a gainst' 
 
 mead' ow 
 
 cleans' ing weatli' er 
 
 in stead' 
 
 pleas' ant 
 
 heif er clean' ly (adj,) bur' y 
 
 plieas' ant 
 
 treas' ure dread' ful meas' urc 
 
 leath' er 
 
 deaf ness leav' en 
 
 stead' y 
 
 friend' sliip 
 
 peas' ant weap' on 
 
 zeal' ot 
 
 44, Compound words requiring 
 
 hyphens. 
 
 far-fetched 
 
 woe-begone 
 
 second-hand 
 
 heaven-born 
 
 fair-spoken 
 
 first-rate 
 
 air-tight 
 
 blue-veined 
 
 world-wide 
 
 lion-hearted 
 
 dark-eyed 
 
 fire-arms 
 
 able-bodied 
 
 sea-worthy 
 
 head-quarters 
 
 moth-eaten 
 
 safety-valve 
 
 panic-struck 
 
 all-seeing 
 
 to-morrow 
 
 high-spirited 
 
 45. Relating to the Fine Arts, 
 
 
 pho' to graph 
 
 var' nish 
 
 Ve ne' tian red 
 
 neg' a tive 
 
 dis tem' per 
 
 da guerr' o type 
 
 col lo' di on 
 
 pro' file 
 
 am' bro type 
 
 o' ther 
 
 ' sir hou ette 
 
 min' ia ture 
 
 am mo' ni a 
 
 stat' ue 
 
 carte'-de-vi site' 
 
 lit' mns pa' pei 
 
 : ster' e o scope 
 
 cos mo ra' ma 
 
 al bu' men 
 
 passe-par tout' 
 
 cam' e ra-ob scu' ra 
 
 46. A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Cautious movements. Pru- 
 dent measures. Discreet 
 actions in time of trouble. 
 Attentive listeners. 
 
 Sincere friends. Honest far- 
 mers. Impartial judges. 
 
 Bashful manners. Modest 
 deportment. 
 
 Casual remarks. Accidental 
 meeting. Incidental ex- 
 penses. 
 
 Ripe fruit. Mature schemes. 
 
 Ignorant savages. Illiterate 
 merchants. 
 
 Inherent rights. Inborn pro- 
 pensities. Inbred politeness. 
 
GRAMMAR School Speller and Definer, 27 
 
 — * — 
 47, The sound of e, as in her, marked e. Pro- 
 nounce and define. 
 
 verse 
 
 verd' ure 
 
 ver' min 
 
 su perb' 
 
 or' mine 
 
 mer' cy 
 
 there' fore 
 
 sub merge' 
 
 cer' tain 
 
 ver' bal 
 
 mer' maid 
 
 de serve' 
 
 ver' diet 
 
 ster' ling ' 
 
 ver' dant 
 
 dis cern' 
 
 cler^ gy 
 
 per' jure 
 
 ser' mon 
 
 dis perse' 
 
 ser' yile 
 
 herb' age 
 
 earn' ing 
 
 CO erce' 
 
 ker' nel 
 
 ner' vous 
 
 ear' nest 
 
 as perse' 
 
 48, Nouns ending ^vitli a sound loMch loill unite with that 
 of s form the plural dy adding s. When the sounds do 
 not coalesce, es is added. 
 
 mon' archs 
 f u sees' 
 skel' e tons 
 ^ ro settes' 
 isth' mus es 
 as' ter isks 
 to' paz es 
 
 church' es 
 or' ang es 
 lens' es 
 de crees' 
 diph' thongs 
 puz' zles 
 so' fas 
 
 ducli' ess es 
 ab' beys 
 lux' u ries 
 ef ' fi gies 
 HI' ies 
 cro' nies 
 leg' a cies 
 
 the Stuarts 
 the Caesars 
 the Canadas 
 the Browns 
 the Jesuits 
 the Capulets 
 the Guelphs 
 
 49. Relating to Music. 
 
 mu si' cian yi o«lon eel' lo 
 
 Written exercise. 
 
 vo' cal ist 
 flut' ist 
 pi a' nist 
 or' gan ist 
 or' dies tra 
 vi o lin' ist 
 
 bass'-vi' ol 
 ser' a phine 
 me lo' de on 
 har mo' ni um 
 flag' eo let 
 ac cor' di on 
 
 bas soon' 
 cor' net 
 clar' i on 
 i^cym' bals 
 gui tar' 
 
 so pra no 
 ten' or 
 al'to 
 fal set' to 
 con tral' to 
 
 50, Use each word in a 
 
 Ac cept', to receive. 
 
 Ex cept' to omit; to object. 
 
 Ac cess', approach. 
 
 Ex cess', more than enough. 
 
 Ad di' tion, act of adding. 
 
 E di' tion of a book. 
 
 ^ tam bou rine' ^'bar' y tone 
 lute ' bass 
 
 sentence, 
 
 Af feet', to pretend. 
 Ef feet', to accomplish. 
 Ap' po site, fit ; suitable. 
 Op' po site, facing each other. 
 Ad he' rents, followers. 
 Ad he' rence, fidelity. 
 
51, The sound of e represented by other letters. 
 
 vir' gin 
 
 tliir' teen 
 
 
 cur' die 
 
 de mur' 
 
 mar' tyr 
 
 fur' long 
 
 
 bur' dock 
 
 dis turb' 
 
 fir' kin 
 
 cir' cus 
 
 
 burgh' er 
 
 dis burse' 
 
 jour' nal 
 
 irk' some 
 
 
 cur' few 
 
 in firm' 
 
 bur' den 
 
 ear' ly 
 
 
 mur' mur 
 
 ad journ' 
 
 guer' don 
 
 sir' loin 
 
 
 Thurs' day 
 
 re hearse' 
 
 burg' lar 
 
 virt' ue 
 
 
 myr' tie 
 
 un furl' 
 
 52, Nouns in the plural. 
 
 
 
 ecli' oes 
 
 quar' tos 
 
 beeves 
 
 em' bers 
 
 ash' es 
 
 cal' i coes 
 
 dom' i nos 
 
 wives 
 
 re ga' li a 
 
 hust' ings 
 
 buf ' fa loes 
 
 Al bi' nos 
 
 shelves bill' iards 
 
 scis' sors 
 
 fo' li OS 
 
 ty' ros 
 
 roofs 
 
 ves' pers 
 
 mat' ins 
 
 cam' e os 
 
 so' los 
 
 hoofs 
 
 ob' se quies 
 
 nup' tials 
 
 bam boos' 
 
 pi a' nos 
 
 scarfs 
 
 bit' ters 
 
 sta tis' tics 
 
 em' bry os 
 
 jun' tos 
 
 dwarfs 
 
 i ar' cliives 
 
 cat' tie 
 
 53, tio7i may be added to several ei words. 
 
 re ceive' 
 
 re cep' tion 
 
 be lieve' be lief 
 
 neigh 
 
 con ceive' 
 
 con cep' tion 
 
 pie' bald cro' sier 
 
 liege 
 
 de ceive' 
 
 de cep' tion 
 
 neigh 
 
 ' bor friend' s 
 
 hip feign 
 
 per ceive' 
 
 per cep' tion 
 
 priest' ly a chieve 
 
 ' shriek 
 
 re ceipt' 
 
 un veil' 
 
 o' sier se' ri es 
 
 theirs 
 
 lei' sure 
 
 weigh' ing 
 
 tran' i 
 
 sient prai' ries 
 
 5 fiend 
 
 seiz' ure 
 
 sur' feit 
 
 chief tain a piece' 
 
 seine 
 
 bei' sance 
 
 ceil' ing 
 
 re trieve' re prieve 
 
 / vein 
 
 54. A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Associate, one selected for 
 similarity of tastes. 
 
 Colleague, one united with 
 another in the same office. 
 
 Partner, one who shares in 
 mercantile pursuits. 
 
 Clear idea. Visible object. 
 
 Acrimony of character. 
 
 Asperity of language. 
 
 Animosity, between persons. 
 
 Hostility, between nations. 
 
 Affinity, relation by mar- 
 riage. Consanguinity, blood 
 relation. 
 
Grammar School Speller and De finer. 
 
 29 
 
 55. The sound of i, as in fine, marked i. 
 
 ci' plier 
 
 cli' mate. 
 
 
 li' lac 
 
 per spire' 
 
 li' cense 
 
 bri' ny 
 
 
 pli' ant 
 
 in quire' 
 
 fi' nite 
 
 bi' ped 
 
 
 spi' ral 
 
 de spise' 
 
 mi' nor 
 
 ir' on 
 
 
 sci' on 
 
 re sign' 
 
 ti' ny 
 
 bi' valve 
 
 
 pi' broch 
 
 blige' 
 
 twi' light 
 
 vi' nous 
 
 
 vi' and 
 
 en tice' 
 
 Fri' day 
 
 pi' oils 
 
 
 sti' pend 
 
 ca nine' 
 
 56. Foreign nouns retain their plurals. 
 
 ax' is 
 
 ax' es 
 
 phe nom' e noii 
 
 phe nom' e na 
 
 ba' sis 
 
 ba' ses 
 
 cri 
 
 te' ri on 
 
 cri te' ri a 
 
 cri' sis 
 
 cri' ses 
 
 in' 
 
 dex 
 
 in' di ces 
 
 a nal' y sis 
 
 a nal' y ses 
 
 ra' 
 
 dix 
 
 ra di' ces 
 
 el lip' sis 
 
 el lip' ses 
 
 vol 
 
 :'tex 
 
 vor' ti ces 
 
 em' pha sis 
 
 em' pha ses 
 
 hy poth' e sis 
 
 hy poth' e ses 
 
 cher' lib 
 
 cher' 11 bim 
 
 ci ca' trix 
 
 cic a tri' ces 
 
 ser' apli 
 
 ser' a phim 
 
 chrys' a lis 
 
 chry sal' i des 
 
 57. Relating to Precious Stones. 
 
 
 lap' i da ry 
 
 chal ced' o 
 
 iiy 
 
 ru' by 
 
 ag' ate 
 
 di' a mond 
 
 em' er aid 
 
 
 gar' net 
 
 hy' a cinth 
 
 jas' per 
 
 chrys' o lite 
 
 
 cor' al 
 
 em' e ry 
 
 o' pal 
 
 am' e thyst 
 
 
 ber' yl 
 
 car' bun cle 
 
 tur qiiois' 
 
 to' paz 
 
 
 quartz 
 
 car nel' iaii 
 
 sap' pliire 
 
 pearl 
 
 
 sard 
 
 crys' tal 
 
 sar' do nyx 
 
 in tagl' io 
 
 
 cam' e o 
 
 French imste 
 
 58, Use each word in 
 
 a 
 
 sentence. 
 
 
 As sist' ants, those who aid. 
 As sist' ance, help ; aid. 
 At tend' ants, servants. 
 At tend' ance, service. 
 Al lu' sion, a reference to. 
 n lu' sion, deception. 
 
 Cor' po ral punishment. 
 Cor po' re al substances. 
 Con' fi dent, sure ; trusting. 
 Con fi dant', a trusted friend. 
 Com' i ty, politeness. 
 
 jDom mit' tee on Foreia:n Affairs. 
 
30 Gramm 
 
 AR School 
 nd of i rep 
 
 Speller and Definer. 
 
 59, The sou 
 
 resented by other letters. 
 
 hy' drant 
 
 gy' rate 
 
 shy' ness 
 
 dis guise' 
 
 eye' lash 
 
 cy' press 
 
 hy' brid 
 
 ally' 
 
 giiid' auce 
 
 hy' phen 
 
 ^ gey' ser 
 
 a wry' 
 
 eye' let 
 
 hy' son 
 
 scythe 
 
 de scry' 
 
 dye' ing 
 
 buy' er 
 
 gyves 
 
 be guile' 
 
 ty' phus 
 
 ly' rist 
 
 chyme 
 
 un tie' 
 
 ty' plioid 
 
 cy' cle 
 
 dye'-wood 
 
 es py' 
 
 60, Foreign 
 
 words and their plurals. 
 
 f o' ens 
 
 fo'ci 
 
 stra' tum 
 
 stra' ta 
 
 fun' gus 
 
 fan' gi 
 
 me' di um 
 
 me' di a 
 
 a lum' iius 
 
 a lum' ni 
 
 er ra' tum 
 
 er ra' ta 
 
 ge' ni lis 
 
 ge' ni i 
 
 ef flu' vi um 
 
 ef flu' vi a 
 
 ra' di us 
 
 ra' di i 
 
 da' tum 
 
 da' ta 
 
 stim' u lus 
 
 stim' u li 
 
 mo men' tum 
 
 mo men' ta 
 
 nu' cle us 
 
 nu' cle i 
 
 spec' u lum 
 
 spec' u la 
 
 for' mu la 
 
 for' mu las 
 
 ad den' dum 
 
 ad den' da 
 
 61. Commercial terms. 
 
 . Sentence for each. 
 
 ca shier' 
 
 as sign ee' 
 
 con sols' 
 
 sig' na ture 
 
 treas' ur er 
 
 fin an cier' 
 
 in' voice 
 
 in dorse' ment 
 
 teir er /^ 
 
 mil lion naire' man' i fest 
 
 forg' er y 
 
 au' di tor 
 
 de pos' it 
 
 clear' ance 
 
 in sol' ven cy 
 
 cor po ra' tion 
 
 cap' i tal 
 
 du' pli cate 
 
 bank' rupt cy 
 
 di rec' tors 
 
 mort' gage 
 
 vquch' er 
 
 pan' ic 
 
 share'-hold ers 
 
 fore close' 
 
 cou pon' 
 
 in tes' tate 
 
 62, A lesson in distinguishing ivords. 
 
 Contract, a written agreement Errors may result from the 
 
 between individuals. want of knowledge. 
 
 Bargain, between tradesmen. Mistakes, from carelessness. 
 
 Covenant, a solemn agree- Blunders, from glaring igno- 
 
 ment to perform an act. ranee, or awkwardness. 
 Friendly aid. Trifling value. Trivial re- 
 Timely succor. mark. Frivolous behavior. 
 
Obammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 31 
 
 63, The sound of i, as in pin, marked i. 
 
 
 witch' es 
 
 gib' bous 
 
 script' ure 
 
 e quip' 
 
 vir lain 
 
 ill' ness 
 
 tinct' ure 
 
 pre diet' 
 
 bis' cuit 
 
 in' stinct 
 
 live' long 
 
 el lipse' 
 
 mill' lite 
 
 pig' eon 
 
 vie' ar 
 
 e clipse' 
 
 piv' ot 
 
 piq' uant 
 
 whis' tie 
 
 re scind' 
 
 bris' tie 
 
 sin' ew 
 
 this' tie 
 
 qua drille' 
 
 cin' der 
 
 skin' ny 
 
 skit' tish 
 
 dis tinct' 
 
 64, Plurals and possessives. 
 
 ar ca na 
 ter' mi ni 
 cal' y ces 
 stam' i na 
 ban dit' ti 
 ver' te braB 
 neb' u la3 
 
 horse's hoofs 
 ladies' gaiters 
 its nature 
 ours, not theirs 
 dot i's, cross t's 
 add 9's 
 boys' voices 
 
 Charles's hat 
 Fox's yf e 
 conscience' sake 
 Hays's Works 
 Henry VIII's reign 
 father-in-law's 
 others' affairs 
 
 65, Commercial terms. Define each. 
 
 ex change' 
 dis' count 
 pro' test 
 a bate' ment 
 draw' back 
 de bent' ure 
 pre' mi um 
 
 ap prais' er 
 ad va lo' rem 
 at tach' ment 
 in' ven to ry 
 def al ca' tion 
 em bez' zle ment 
 li a bil' i ty 
 
 prom IS so ry 
 pay' a ble 
 ma tu' ri ty 
 lion' ored 
 bo' na fi' de 
 ere den' tial 
 con' tra band 
 
 u' su ry 
 mon' e ta ry 
 em po' ri um 
 quar an tine' 
 in dem' ni ty 
 leg' a cy 
 script 
 
 66. Use each word in a sentence. 
 
 Cor re spend' ence, writing. 
 Newspaper correspondents. 
 Bar lad, a light poem. 
 Bal' lot, a secret vote. 
 Au' ri cle of the hearb. 
 Or' a cle at Delphi. 
 
 De cease', death. 
 
 Dis ease', sickness. 
 
 Def er ence, great respect. 
 
 Dif fer ence, disagreement. 
 
 Des' ert, a barren tract. 
 
 Des serf, pastry, fruits, etc, 
 
82 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — * — 
 67. The sound of i represented by other letters. 
 
 worn en 
 Eng' land 
 guilt' less 
 pret' ty 
 guin' ea 
 breech' es 
 cur' tain 
 
 lyr' ic 
 syn' od 
 syr' inge 
 gyp' sum 
 liys' sop 
 syl' van 
 bus'y 
 
 gym' nast 
 gyp' sy 
 symp' tom 
 mys' tic 
 strycli' ni a 
 cym' bal 
 ca' lyx 
 
 idynic 
 
 syn' tax 
 
 cyn' ic 
 
 sylph 
 
 lynx 
 
 myth 
 
 hymn 
 
 68. Plurals and Fossessives. 
 
 lar' V89 
 the' ses 
 mes' sieurs 
 mes dames' 
 vir tu o' si 
 ci ce ro' ni 
 Ma don' nas 
 
 the Adams Express 
 
 teachers' desks 
 
 man-servants 
 
 Dr. Jay's house 
 
 spoonfuls 
 
 courts-martial 
 
 outpourings 
 
 count by fours 
 yeas and nays 
 fathers-in-law 
 ip' se dix' its 
 tefce-a-tetes 
 mem o ran' dums 
 gym na' si ums 
 
 69, Relating to War. 
 
 re cruit' 
 vol un teer' 
 con' script 
 reg' u lar 
 sub' al tern 
 de serf er 
 sap' per 
 
 pick' et 
 gren a dier' 
 can non eer' 
 dra goon' 
 hus sar' 
 pa trol'^ 
 chap' lain 
 
 ve dette' 
 gens d'armes' 
 pla toon' 
 bat tal' ion 
 corps 
 cor' po ral 
 sut' ler 
 
 ser' geant . 
 lieu ten' ant 
 ma' jor 
 ad' ju tant 
 aide'-de-camp 
 ca det' 
 en' sign 
 
 70. A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Blemishes mar the beauty. 
 Flaws disfigure. 
 Faults aifect the nature. 
 God's bounty and beneficence. 
 Man's generosity and libe- 
 rality. 
 Effect cures. Apply remedies. 
 
 We believe that which our 
 judgment assents to. 
 
 We credit the statements of 
 respectable citizens. 
 
 We trust physicians. 
 
 We have faith in God. 
 
 Faith will move mountains. 
 
GRAM3IAR School Speller and Definer, 33 
 
 4* 
 
 71, The sound of o, as in note, marked 6. 
 
 so' cial 
 tro' phy 
 o' ral 
 por ka 
 whol' ly 
 por' trait 
 pos' tern 
 
 lio' sier 
 cro' sier 
 cho' ral 
 co' Ion 
 clilo' ral 
 co' coa 
 fore' ing 
 
 po' rous 
 pro' file 
 pro' gramme 
 quo' tient 
 fore' feet 
 do' nor 
 tro' chee 
 
 con trol' 
 jo cose' 
 mo rose' 
 pa role' 
 de pot' 
 pa trol' 
 a tone' 
 
 72. Some nouns have no plural ; others, two 
 
 forms, each having a special meaning. 
 
 am bi' tion broth' erS, of the same famUy. breth' ren, of the same society. 
 
 revenge' dies, stamps, 
 
 sir ver fisli' es, individuals, 
 
 in' so lence in' dex as of books, 
 
 peace g^n' ins es, men of genius. 
 
 de spair' cloths, fabrics, 
 
 mer' cu ry pen' nies, coins. 
 
 dice, for gaming, 
 fish, quantity. 
 
 % in' di CeS, sign in algebra. 
 
 ge' ni i, spirits, 
 clothes, garments, 
 pence, quantity. 
 
 73, Relating to War. 
 
 car' bine ar til' ler y 
 
 ra pi er 
 bay' o net 
 cut' lass 
 fal' chion 
 sti let' to 
 
 ord' nance 
 swiv' el 
 how' it zer 
 gre nade' 
 pe tard' 
 
 mis' siles 
 can' is ter 
 car' tridge 
 per cus' sion 
 grape'-shot 
 ma noeu' vres 
 
 clay' more pro jec' tiles tac' tics 
 
 74, A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 pen' sion 
 knap' sack 
 Lav' er sack 
 can teen' 
 ra' tion 
 blouse 
 mor' tar 
 
 Murder, to kill a person ma- 
 liciously. Assassinate, to 
 attack and murder a per- 
 son of importance. Slaugh- 
 ter, to kill brutes or men 
 in large numbers. 
 
 Glory and praise to God. 
 
 Honor, to virtuous men. 
 
 Fame, to great statesmen. 
 
 Prosperity results from good 
 management. Good-for- 
 tune arises from chance. 
 
34 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 75, The sound of 5 represented by other letters. 
 
 pour try 
 
 foe' man 
 
 nar' row 
 
 cha teau' 
 
 pour tice 
 
 snioul' der 
 
 mould' ing 
 
 ap proach' 
 
 bow' sprit 
 
 sourc' es 
 
 throat 
 
 dis course' 
 
 boat' swain 
 
 four' teen 
 
 hoarse 
 
 un known* 
 
 bowl' der 
 
 mourn' ful 
 
 thor' ough 
 
 en croach' 
 
 al' oes 
 
 yeo' man 
 
 ar' row 
 
 be stow' 
 
 mould' y 
 
 bow' line 
 
 hoi' low 
 
 be moan' 
 
 76, A Grammar lesson. 
 
 Gender, 
 
 
 bachelor 
 
 maid actor 
 
 actress 
 
 sultan 
 
 colt 
 
 filly duke 
 
 duchess 
 
 earl 
 
 hart 
 
 roe hero 
 
 heroine 
 
 horse 
 
 nephew 
 
 niece widower widow 
 
 uncle 
 
 czar 
 
 czarina • don 
 
 donna 
 
 milter 
 
 wizard 
 
 witch signer signora 
 
 host 
 
 waiter 
 
 waitress he-goat she-goat 
 
 margrave 
 
 77. Relating to War. 
 
 
 
 for' tress 
 
 port cul' Hs 
 
 biv' ouac 
 
 es carp' 
 
 cit' a del 
 
 a but' ment 
 
 bar' racks 
 
 re veille' 
 
 fast' ness 
 
 case' mate 
 
 ar' mo ry 
 
 ar' mis tice 
 
 re doubt' 
 
 bar bette' 
 
 ar' se nal 
 
 am' bu lance 
 
 ram' part 
 
 gla' cis 
 
 mag a zine' 
 
 ne go' ti ate 
 
 bast' ion 
 
 em bra sure' 
 
 cui rass' 
 
 hos til' i ties 
 
 par' a pet 
 
 cais son' 
 
 gaunt' let 
 
 ca pit' u late 
 
 78, A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 To avenge is to punish in 
 behalf of another. To re- 
 venge is to punish for one's 
 self. Injuries are rcyenged; 
 crimes, avenged. 
 
 Rights are vindicated. 
 
 Vengeance belongs to God. 
 
 Illegible manuscripts. 
 
 Unreadable books. 
 
 Diligent in pursuit of a spe- 
 cial object. Industrious by 
 nature. Prompt by virtue 
 of an energetic will. 
 
 Rural life. Rustic manners, 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer. 35 
 
 79. The sound of o, as 
 
 in not, marked 
 
 S, 
 
 chron' ic 
 
 gos' sip 
 
 moss' y 
 
 con' dor 
 
 cor lier 
 
 loz' enge 
 
 cob' bier 
 
 dis solve' 
 
 com' ma 
 
 joe' und 
 
 jos' tie 
 
 ab scond' 
 
 for' eign 
 
 nox' ions 
 
 pop' lar 
 
 be troth' 
 
 coF league 
 
 os' trich 
 
 prov' erb 
 
 en sconce' 
 
 con' science 
 
 quad' rant 
 
 was' sail 
 
 de spend' 
 
 wad' ding 
 
 squal' id 
 
 war low 
 
 wal' let 
 
 80. A primitive word has no simpler form in 
 the language. Derivatives are formed by 
 means of prefixes and suf&xes. 
 
 fig' ure 
 la' bor 
 car' pet 
 ed' u cate 
 en' gine 
 ex am' ine 
 lion' ey 
 
 fig' u ra tive ly 
 la bo' ri ous 
 un car' pet ed 
 ed 11 ca' tion 
 en gi neer' 
 ex am' i ner 
 hon' ey-bee 
 
 fig' ure-liead 
 la' bor-sav' ing 
 car' pet bag 
 self-ed' u cat ed 
 steam'-en gine 
 cross-ex am i na' tion 
 hon' ey sue kle 
 
 81. Relating to Navigation. 
 
 com' pass 
 wind' lass 
 cap' stan 
 bin' na cle 
 bul' wark 
 sclioon' er 
 pin' nace 
 
 yacht 
 flo til' la 
 gon' do la 
 lee' ward 
 lar' board 
 star' board 
 sex' tant 
 
 fore' cas tie 
 chro nom' e ter 
 plane sail' ing 
 trav' erse-sail' ing 
 par' al lels 
 Mer ca' tor's-chart 
 wa' ter logged 
 
 stan' chion 
 furl' ing 
 nav' i ga tor 
 steer' age 
 ship' wreck 
 haw' ser 
 miz' zen-mast 
 
 82. A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Surprised at what is unex- 
 pected. Astonished at what 
 we do not comprehend. 
 
 Royal authority. 
 
 Regal dignity. 
 
 Kingly deportment. 
 
 Deadly poison. Fatal wound* 
 
 A subsequent event follows, 
 but may or may not result 
 from a former event. 
 
 A consequent event is the 
 effect of a cause. 
 
 We choose from a number. 
 
 We prefer one to another. 
 
83, The sound of o, as in 
 
 move, marked o. 
 
 Ids' er 
 
 scru' pie 
 
 rhu' barb 
 
 ba boon' 
 
 prov' ing 
 shoe' ing 
 
 ab struse' 
 Dru' id 
 
 tru' ant 
 ruth' less 
 
 CO coon' 
 con tour' 
 
 im brue' 
 
 in sure' 
 
 pru' dence 
 
 as sure' 
 
 brew' er 
 
 pla toon' 
 
 ca noe' 
 
 dra goon' 
 
 f ru' gal 
 
 bru' tal 
 
 a loof ' 
 
 mon soon' 
 
 bos' oni 
 
 un couth' 
 
 im prove' 
 
 ac crue' 
 
 84. English prefixes. Written exercise 
 
 
 A breast', 
 
 Literal meaning. 
 
 at the breast, 
 
 Secondary meaning. 
 
 side by side. 
 
 Be dim'. 
 
 to make dim, 
 
 to darken; 
 
 to obscure. 
 
 Be daub'. 
 
 to smear oyer, 
 
 to besmear 
 
 ; to soil. 
 
 Be side'. 
 
 by the side of, 
 
 near ; in addition to. 
 
 Em pow' er, 
 En dan' ger, 
 Fore teU', 
 
 to give power to, to authorize. 
 
 to put in danger, to hazard ; to im]3eriL 
 
 to tell beforehand, to predict ; to prophesy. 
 
 85. Architecture and Building. 
 
 
 I on' ic 
 
 pin' na cle 
 
 ped' i ment 
 
 wain' scot 
 
 Dor' ic 
 
 pi las' ter 
 
 bal' us trade 
 
 eaves 
 
 Tus' can 
 
 Co rin' tbi an 
 
 plinth 
 
 en tab' la ture 
 
 chap' trel 
 chev' ron 
 
 cham' fer 
 rab' bet 
 
 Com pos' ite 
 E gyp' tian 
 
 ar' chi trave 
 frieze 
 
 groined 
 lin' tel 
 
 jog' gles 
 dow' els 
 
 Goth' ic 
 
 min' a ret 
 
 sur' base 
 
 ridge'-pole 
 
 86, A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 We give positive answers 
 when the truth has been 
 ascertained beyond doubt. 
 
 Peremptory orders are given 
 by those in authority. 
 
 Libel, published slander. 
 
 Defamation, spoken slander. 
 
 Astronomers foretell eclipses. 
 Clouds portend a storm. 
 A journey by land. 
 A voyage by water. 
 A pilgrimage to Eome. 
 An excursion to the lakes. 
 A ramble in the woods. 
 
0RAM3IAR School Speller and Definer. 37 
 
 87, The sound of u, as in mute, marked u. 
 
 Tues' day 
 
 111' ere skew' er 
 
 de mure' 
 
 pu' trid 
 
 pill' ral neu' ter 
 
 ex ude' 
 
 un' ion 
 
 glu' ten ew' er 
 
 suf fuse' 
 
 nui' sance 
 
 jui' cy suit' or 
 
 im pugn' 
 
 flu' ent 
 
 glu' ey beau' ty 
 
 stu' por 
 
 stat' ute 
 
 bu reau' feu' dal 
 
 as tute' 
 
 du' ranee 
 
 tu' mor en sue' 
 
 a muse' 
 
 88, English prefixes. Written exercise. 
 
 
 Mis lay', 
 
 to lay in a wrong place, to misplace; to lose. 
 
 Out bid', 
 
 to bid above, to offer a lii^ 
 
 ^her price. 
 
 ver task', 
 
 to task too much, to oppress. 
 
 
 Tin lock'. 
 
 to reverse the lock, to open. 
 
 
 Tin kind', 
 
 not kind, harsh; cruel; severe. 
 
 Tin' der ground. 
 
 beneath ground, hidden ; secret. 
 
 With stand', 
 
 to stand against, to oppose ; 
 
 to resist. 
 
 89. Relating to Numbers. 
 
 fig' ure 
 fac' tor 
 dig' it 
 sym' bol 
 ci' pher 
 prod' uct 
 di vis' ion 
 
 nu' mer al 
 mul' ti pie 
 div' i dend 
 frac' tion al 
 in' te gral 
 quo' tient 
 prob' lem 
 
 min' u end 
 dec' i mal 
 in' te ger 
 re due' tion 
 per cent' age 
 ra' ti 
 so lu' tion 
 
 m sur' ance 
 ex change' 
 pro por' tion 
 prin' ci pal 
 part' ner ship 
 net pro' ceeds 
 can eel la' tion 
 
 90. A lesson in distinguishing vrords. 
 
 Emulation, a desire to excel 
 another. Competition, an 
 
 A signal victory. 
 
 A memorable event. 
 
 Choked with food. Suffocat- 
 ed by smoke or close air. 
 Smothered in a closet. 
 
 Haughty manners. 
 
 Arrogant claims. 
 
 Despotic authority. 
 
 honorable attempt to gain 
 an object. Rivalry, an at- 
 tempt to win, fair or foul. 
 
 Barefaced lie. 
 
 Glaring falsehood. 
 
 Simple fact ; plain statement. 
 
38 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — ^ — 
 91. The sound of u, as in tub, marked u. 
 
 stub' born 
 
 sub' tile 
 
 on' ion 
 
 oc cult' 
 
 lunch' eon 
 
 knuc' Ide 
 
 cous' in 
 
 re buff' 
 
 fur eruni 
 
 sub' urb 
 
 mon' grel 
 
 sue cumb' 
 
 cur' rant 
 
 sur' plus 
 
 Mon' day 
 
 ex punge' 
 
 ruif ' ian 
 
 sul' phur 
 
 bom' bast 
 
 e nough' 
 
 pun' gent 
 
 lus' cious 
 
 cov' ey 
 
 cor rupt' 
 
 judg' ment 
 
 punch' eon 
 
 sfcom' ach 
 
 a mongst' 
 
 92. A, at ; 
 
 to ; in ; on. 
 
 Be, to make ; 
 
 by ; near ; 
 
 about. 
 
 
 
 
 a side' 
 
 be siege' 
 
 be stow' 
 
 be moan' 
 
 a float' 
 
 be calm' 
 
 be wail' 
 
 be numb' 
 
 a ground' 
 
 be cloud' 
 
 be sot' 
 
 be grime' 
 
 a head' 
 
 be dew' 
 
 be gird' 
 
 be rate' 
 
 a live' 
 
 be friend' 
 
 be fore' 
 
 be strew' 
 
 a sleep' 
 
 be guile' 
 
 be grudge' 
 
 be times' 
 
 be neath' 
 
 be lie' 
 
 be think' 
 
 be witch' 
 
 93, Relating to Grammar, 
 
 tens' es 
 pars' ing 
 sen' tence 
 mo' dal 
 syn' tax 
 gen' ders 
 prax' is 
 
 or thog' ra phy 
 or' tho e py 
 pros' dy 
 et y mol' o gy 
 par ti cip' i al 
 pro nom' i nal 
 per' son al 
 
 pos' i tive 
 rel' a tive 
 pret' er ite 
 syl' la ble 
 trans' i tive 
 sin' gu lar 
 plu' ral 
 
 mas' cu line 
 fem' i nine 
 nom' i na tive 
 in die' a tive 
 aux ir ia ry 
 prop si' tion 
 im per' a tive 
 
 94, A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Faults are forgiven. Crimes are pardoned. A terse remark 
 combines elegance with compactness. A laconic remark im- 
 plies brevity with a tinge of incivility. An address includes^ 
 both name and place ; a direction, the place only. Levity of 
 conduct ; volubility of tongue. A froward child is unwill- 
 ing to obey ; a perverse child is obstinate in disobedience. 
 
Grammar School Speller and De finer. 
 
 39 
 
 95, The sound of oi, as 
 
 ■1- 
 in 
 
 boil. 
 
 
 clois' ter 
 
 oint' ment 
 
 
 tur' moil 
 
 a hoy' 
 
 foi' ble 
 
 poi' son 
 
 
 pois' ing 
 
 de coy' 
 
 par' boil 
 
 quoit 
 
 
 toi' let 
 
 a noint' 
 
 joist 
 
 poig' nant 
 
 
 oys' ter 
 
 de stroy' 
 
 coy' isli 
 
 hoi' den 
 
 
 voy' age 
 
 ex ploit' 
 
 noi' some 
 
 coin' age 
 
 
 mois' ten 
 
 a droit' 
 
 join' er 
 
 noi' sy 
 
 
 roy' al 
 
 pur loin' 
 
 96, En, to make ; in ; into ; 
 
 on. French origin. 
 
 en a' ble 
 
 em bol' den 
 
 
 en gorge' 
 
 em boss' 
 
 en fee' ble 
 
 en am' our 
 
 
 en kin' die 
 
 em ploy' 
 
 en f ran' cliise 
 
 en cage' 
 
 
 em balm' 
 
 en trance' 
 
 en li' yen 
 
 en camp' 
 
 
 em bark' 
 
 en roll' 
 
 en no' ble 
 
 en cir' cle 
 
 
 em bod' y 
 
 en join' 
 
 en rich' 
 
 en close' 
 
 
 en tice' 
 
 en slave' 
 
 em bel' lish 
 
 en cour' age 
 
 
 en tomb' 
 
 en sconce' 
 
 97, Relating to Plants. 
 
 
 
 
 sta' men 
 
 pet' al 
 
 vei 
 
 ' be' na 
 
 a nem' o ne 
 
 pis' til 
 
 per' i carp 
 
 mign nette' 
 
 car na' tion 
 
 an' ther 
 
 cap' sule 
 
 hy' 
 
 a cintli 
 
 hoi' ly hock 
 
 fir a ment 
 
 em' bry o 
 
 he' 
 
 li trope 
 
 gen' tian 
 
 o' va ry 
 
 ex' gen 
 
 ca 
 
 mel' li a 
 
 mar' i gold 
 
 pol' len 
 
 en' do gen 
 
 cac 
 
 ' tus 
 
 daf fo dil 
 
 ca' lyx 
 
 whorled 
 
 jas 
 
 ' mine 
 
 f uch' si a 
 
 98, A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Marine relates to the sea in 
 its natural state ; maritime, 
 as it is employed by man. 
 Naval relates to ships in 
 general ; nautical, to nayi- 
 gation. Marine shells. 
 Maritime nations. Naval 
 stores. Nautical almanacs. 
 
 Commercial embraces the 
 theory and practice of com- 
 merce. Mercantile respects 
 the actual transaction of 
 business. Commercial peo- 
 ple. Mercantile life. 
 
 Bound by duty or contract. '^/^ 
 
 Obliged by necessity. 
 
40 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — ^ — 
 99. The sound of ou, as in bound. 
 
 sj^oiise 
 
 cow'-lierd 
 
 cow' ard 
 
 vis' count 
 
 crowned 
 
 month' f ul 
 
 row' el 
 
 es pouse' 
 
 drouglifc 
 
 sconn' drel 
 
 found' ling 
 
 en dow' 
 
 gouge 
 
 tron' sers 
 
 down' fall 
 
 as tound' 
 
 drowse 
 
 vow' el 
 
 troun' cing 
 
 ca rouse' 
 
 trow' el 
 
 brow' beat 
 
 chow' der 
 
 a vow' 
 
 moun' tain 
 
 fowl' er 
 
 hour' ly 
 
 re nown' 
 
 100. Fore, before ; beforehand. Mis, ill ; wrong, 
 
 fore arm' fore' lock mis ap ply' mis hap' 
 
 fore or dain' 
 fore shad' ow 
 fore warn' 
 fore' ground 
 fore run' ner 
 fore' man 
 
 fore' thought 
 fore' sail 
 fore' head 
 fore stair 
 fore see' 
 fore close' 
 
 mis guide' 
 mis con' duct 
 mis fort' une 
 mis rule' 
 mis date' 
 mis spell' 
 
 mis lay' 
 mis print' 
 mis take' 
 mis no' mer 
 mis deed' 
 mis giv' ing 
 
 101. Relating to Botany, 
 
 sage i' vy li' lac bass' wood 
 
 car' a way wood' bine o le an' der mag no' li a 
 
 CO ri an' der clem' a tis hon' ey sue kle ai Ian' tus 
 
 lav' en der bit' ter-sweet sweet' brier ma hog' a ny 
 
 ber' ga mot gourd a za' le a ce' dar 
 
 mar' jo ram grape vi bur' num birch 
 
 rose' ma ry hop'- vine lau' rel pop' lar 
 
 102. A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Weeds are noxious; crimi- 
 nals are obnoxious. Deto- 
 nation of dynamite ; rever- 
 beration of sound. The 
 radiance of the sun; the 
 brilliancy of a diamond. 
 Brooks meander ; light- 
 ning gleams. 
 
 Light is reflected ; heat is 
 radiated. An ample allow- 
 ance ; a spacious house ; a 
 capacious vessel ; a copious 
 supply; a liberal reward. 
 Announce an arrival ; pro- 
 claim war ; publish news ; 
 pronounce sentence. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer, 41 
 — ^ — 
 
 103, Qu like k, Qu like kw, 
 
 con' qlier bur lesque' qua!' i ty quo ta' tion 
 
 piq' uant o paque' quar' ter al' i quot 
 
 et i quette' phy sique' que' ry quer' u lous 
 
 CO quette' mosque quin' sy quad' ru ped 
 
 qua drille' laeq' uer e' qual queer' ly 
 
 After an accented short Yowel, the q is joined to the vowel, 
 
 and the u to the next syllable, 
 
 an tiq' ui ty aq' ue duct eq' ui page liq' uid 
 
 eq' ui ty in iq' ui ty u biq' ui ty req' ui site 
 
 104. Out, beyond ; above. Over, too much ; above. 
 
 out do' 
 
 out-climV 
 
 ver awe' o ver charge' 
 
 out-spread' 
 
 out num' ber 
 
 ver 
 
 cast' ver rate' 
 
 out-stretch' 
 
 out' work 
 
 ver 
 
 do' ver reach' 
 
 out' cast 
 
 out'-house 
 
 ver 
 
 flow' ver act' 
 
 out' cry 
 
 out wear' 
 
 ver 
 
 look' o' 
 
 ver dose 
 
 out' post 
 
 out' line 
 
 ver 
 
 see' ver whelm' 
 
 out land' ish 
 
 out' fit 
 
 ver 
 
 shad' ow ver bear' 
 
 105, Relating to Medicine. 
 
 
 
 a poth' e ca rj^ 
 
 nos' trum 
 
 e lix' ir 
 
 salve 
 
 phar ma ceu' tist spe cif ic 
 
 cat' a plasm 
 
 sen' na 
 
 ther a pen' tics pan a ce 
 
 ' a 
 
 ca thar' tic 
 
 cas' si a 
 
 tox i col' gy 
 
 rec' i pe 
 
 
 e met' ic 
 
 col' ic 
 
 chi rur' ge ry 
 
 nar cot' : 
 
 ics 
 
 sed' a tive 
 
 croup 
 
 dis pen' sa ry 
 
 hyp not' 
 
 ics 
 
 de coc' tion 
 
 gout 
 
 med' i cine 
 
 stim' u lants 
 
 in f u' sion 
 
 lo' tion 
 
 y 
 
 106. A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Objects are indistinct when we cannot see all the features 
 which distinguish them from others; objects are confused 
 when tlie parts are so blended that no one feature can be 
 distinguished. Indistinct words. Confused account. 
 
 Indigenous refers to vegetable productions; aboriginal, 
 to man. Native, pertaining to, or conferred by, birth. 
 
42 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — ^ — 
 107. Ph like f. Pronounce and define. 
 
 spliinx 
 pha' lanx 
 phras' ing 
 pliys' ic 
 phar' ynx 
 Phar' i see 
 zepli' yr 
 
 pam' plilet 
 propli' et 
 ca' lipli 
 phaii' tasm 
 si' plion 
 phon' ics 
 phlegm 
 
 sul' phiir 
 cam' plior 
 cam pliene' 
 phy si' cian 
 phos' phate 
 ser' apli 
 ser' a pliim 
 
 E piph' a ny 
 bias' phe my 
 tel' e graph 
 eu' pho ny 
 au' to graph 
 em' pha sis 
 phoe' nix 
 
 108. Un, not ; the opposite of. Under, beneath. 
 
 un bar' 
 un bur' den 
 un gov' er 
 un de ceive' 
 im fet' ter 
 un fold' 
 un load' 
 
 un gird' 
 un mask' 
 un eon cern' 
 un a ware' 
 un e' qual 
 un god' ly 
 un grace' ful 
 
 un ho' ly 
 un health' y 
 un man' ly 
 un u' su al 
 un der go' 
 un der take' 
 un' der most 
 
 un' der wood 
 un der neath' 
 un der mine' 
 un der val' ue 
 
 with,/ro»t, against, 
 
 with draw' 
 with hold' 
 
 109, Relating to Medicine. 
 
 a cet' ic Ar' a bic ar' se nic 7iar cot' ics 
 
 mu ri at' ic shel' lac ere' o sote o' pi um 
 
 ni' trie bdell' ium hen' bane laud' a num 
 
 prus' sic caou' tchouc phos' pho rus mor' phine 
 
 sul phu' ric san' da rach ver' di gris Ind' ian hemp 
 
 ox al' ic gua' ia cum bel la don' na hash' ish 
 
 tan' nic mas' tic chlo' ro form stra mo' ni um 
 
 110. A lesson in distinguishing "v^ords. 
 
 Imminent danger is so near that it can hardly be escaped 
 by any exertion ; impending is more indefinite as to time ; 
 a threatening evil or danger gives intimation of its a^Dproach, 
 and may pass off without coming near us. 
 
 He who at night approaches a precipice through ignorance 
 is in imminent danger of his life ; but death is impending, 
 in the natural course of things, even when we are most safe. 
 
GiiAM3iAR School Speller and Definer, 43 
 — * — 
 
 111, Ch like k in Greek derivatives, (Mostly 
 Greek derivatives.) 
 
 Cliasm Stom' acll chUUtch. chaoft. {Fr.) 
 
 chrome pas' chal chair cha rade' 
 
 chyme tro' che chance eham' ois 
 
 cha' OS al' che mist chan' eel chiv' al ry 
 
 schem' ing chrys' o lite char' ter chaise 
 
 conch char' ac ter chis' el par a chute' 
 
 chlo' ral cin cho' na cher' ish char' la tan 
 
 112, Suffixes meaning one 'who. 
 
 Eu ro pe' an vie' ar con tern' po ra ry as sign ee' 
 
 li bra' ri an bur' sar in cen' di a ry ab sen tee' 
 
 vet' er an schol' ar ad' vo cate leg a tee' 
 
 as sail' ant cow' ard as so' ci ate pat en tee' 
 
 com' ba tant stew' ard cu' rate ref er ee' 
 
 men' di cant wiz' ard del' e gate me' di a trix 
 
 lit' i gant an' ti qua ry leg' ate vi ra' go 
 
 113, Apothecary and Physician, 
 
 ar' ni ca naph' tha astli' ma rheu' ma tism 
 
 cap' si cum as phalt' ca tarrh' pleu' ri sy 
 
 va le' ri an pe tro' le um diph the' ri a pa ral' y sis 
 
 quas' si a bi tu' men bron chi' tis ap' o plex y 
 
 qui nine' ker' o sene as phyx' i a ep' i lep sy 
 
 cal' mel tur' pen tine i^neu mo' ni a cat' a lep sy 
 
 am mo' ni a vit' ri ol neu ral' gi a hys ter' ics 
 
 114, A lesson in distinguishing vrords. 
 
 In spite of the sufferings of his enemy his revenge was 
 implacable. He looked on the tears and heard the entrea- 
 ties of the prisoners, but remained inexorable. The Jesuits 
 have been persecuted with unrelenting vigor. 
 
 Vain attempts lack the slightest possibility of success. 
 Fruitless attempts fail, not from weakness, but from exter- 
 nal obstacles. Ineffectual attempts fail because the means 
 employed are inadequate. 
 
44 GRAM3IAR School Speller and Definer, 
 
 115, Silent letters. Written exercise. 
 
 
 doubt 
 
 czar rhythm 
 
 alms 
 
 bomb 
 
 sci' on myrrh 
 
 psalm 
 
 debt 
 
 schism ghast' ly 
 
 chalk 
 
 thumb 
 
 ab' scess a ghast' 
 
 salm' on 
 
 subt' le 
 
 re scind' thyme 
 
 far con 
 
 re doubt' 
 
 ill diet' rhu' barb 
 
 calm' ly 
 
 cat' a comb 
 
 yict' uals isth' mus 
 
 al' mond 
 
 116, SuiSxes meaning one "who. 
 
 mu ti neer' glaz' er bot' a nist rel' a tiye 
 
 jji neer' but' ler lin' guist an' ces tor 
 
 ad he' rent drap' er oc' u list glad' i a tor 
 
 cli' ent mar' i ner cos mop' o lite pre cen' tor 
 
 pa' tient crit' ic er' e mite chor' is ter 
 
 pres' i dent do mes' tic f u' gi tiye pun' ster 
 
 re' gent seep' tic na' tiye spin' ster 
 
 117, Relating to Medicine, 
 
 re mit' tent 
 bil' ious 
 gas' trie 
 bun' yens 
 car' bun cles 
 tu' ber cles 
 pust' ules 
 
 ex cres cence 
 er y sip' e las 
 scrof u la 
 salt'-rheum 
 hem' or rhage 
 yer' ti go 
 de lir' i um 
 
 gan grene 
 lum ba' go 
 leth' ar gy 
 jaun' dice 
 drop' sy 
 dys pep' si a 
 con ges' tion 
 
 nau' se a 
 dys' en ter y 
 di ar rhce' a 
 chol' e ra 
 lep' ro sy 
 oph thai' mi a 
 mur' rain 
 
 118. A lesson in distinguishing "words. 
 
 A candid man is free from 
 prejudice and reserye. A 
 frank man speaks without 
 restraint ; a sincere man 
 speaks no untruth. An 
 ingenuous man has both 
 frankness and candor. 
 
 Candid remarks. Frank man- 
 ners. Open countenance. 
 Ingenuous disposition. 
 
 Free conyersation. Fair state- 
 ment. Plain dealing. Ho- 
 nest witness. Impartial 
 judge. 
 
Geammar School Speller and Befiner, 45 
 
 ■^- 
 
 119, Silent letters. Written exercise. 
 
 deign 
 ma lign' 
 gneiss 
 be nign' 
 gnome 
 phlegm 
 gnarl' ed 
 
 knack 
 
 knoll 
 
 knap' sack 
 
 knout 
 
 knuc' kle 
 
 knead 
 
 knight 
 
 sleight 
 
 straight 
 
 wrought 
 
 height 
 
 sleigh 
 
 plight 
 
 fraught 
 
 in veigli' 
 daugh' ter 
 thor' ough 
 drought 
 slaugh' ter 
 af fright' 
 wheel' Wright 
 
 120, Suilixes meaning state or quality of being. 
 
 ac cu ra cy 
 eel' i ba cy 
 ob' du ra cy 
 su preni' a cy 
 do' tage 
 bond' age 
 vas' sal age 
 
 sk bun' dance 
 de pend' ence 
 re pent' ance 
 brill' ian cy 
 pli' an cy 
 wi'S' dom 
 earl' dom 
 
 mar' tyr dom 
 ab' sence 
 con' fi dence 
 dil' i gence 
 pa' tience 
 clem' en'cy 
 po' ten cy 
 
 truth 
 
 breadth 
 
 width 
 
 strength 
 
 sloth 
 
 depth 
 
 health 
 
 121, Relating to Law. 
 
 bar' ris ter 'um' pire gyves brig' and 
 
 no' ta ry-pub' lie sher' iff seq ues tra' tion burg' lar 
 
 tri bu' nal shriev' al ty os' tra cism cai' tiff 
 
 o' yer and pos' se Yer' diet mis' ere ant 
 
 ter' mi ner af fi da' vit am' nes ty rec' re ant 
 
 chan' eel lor lit i ga' tion re prieye' in cen' di a ry 
 
 re cord' er pil' lo ry sub poe' na cor' sair 
 
 122, A lesson in distinguishing vrords. 
 
 The unbounded and unlimited are those things which 
 have no bounds or limits in fact ; the boundless and the 
 infinite are those which have none in nature or possibility, 
 or in our conception or vision. 
 
 Impassable denotes an accidental or temporary^ imper- 
 vious a permanent quality. An impassable morass. A 
 bank of impervious clay. 
 
46 
 
 Grammar School Speller and De finer. 
 
 -^ 
 
 123, Silent letters. Written exercise. 
 
 lime'-kiln 
 col' umn 
 sol' emn 
 con demn' 
 wretch' ed 
 wrotli 
 sumpt' u a ry 
 
 psalm 
 ex empt' 
 psliaw 
 psal' ter 
 symp' torn 
 ptar' mi gan 
 sword 
 
 aisle 
 
 cir' cuit 
 
 de mesne' 
 
 mis' tie toe 
 
 corps 
 
 jos' tie 
 
 ren' dez vous 
 
 nes' tie 
 tliros' tie 
 hand' some 
 a pos' tie 
 e pis' tie 
 chest' nut 
 tres' tie 
 
 124. SufExes denoting state or quality of being. 
 
 priest' hood 
 false' hood 
 like' li hood 
 bar' ba rism 
 tru' ism 
 a gree' ment 
 en joy' ment 
 
 mat' ri mo ny 
 par' si mo ny 
 ho' li ness 
 clean' li ness 
 bra' ye ry 
 ped' an try 
 ri' Yal ry 
 
 friend' ship 
 hard' ship 
 grat' i tude 
 sol' i tude 
 ac tiv' i ty 
 brev' i ty 
 pov' er ty 
 
 f ract' nre 
 pleas' ure 
 tort' ure 
 con' stan cy 
 mod' es ty 
 se' ere cy 
 fer'yen cy 
 
 125. Titles. Written exercise. 
 
 King of Portugal. 
 Queen of England. 
 Emperor of Prussia. 
 Empress of Austria. 
 Prince of Wales. 
 Princess Alexandra. 
 Czar of Eussia. 
 
 Sultan of Turkey. 
 President of Ecuador. 
 Khedive of Egypt. 
 Pacha of Tripoli, 
 Shah of Persia. 
 Mikado of Japan. 
 Caliph of Bagdad. 
 
 126, A lesson in distinguishing -words. 
 
 Temporary denotes that which was intended to last only 
 for a short time. Transient denotes that which, by its own 
 nature, rapidly passes by. That is fleeting which hardly 
 stays at all, but seems, eyen while we possess it, to be hurry- 
 ing away. Transitory, which means, apt to pass away, cha- 
 racterizes our pleasures, our pains, and our very existence. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer, 47 
 — ^ — 
 127. a. G is generally soft before e, i, and y. 
 h. G is hard before all other vowels. 
 
 a, gen' tian 
 
 h, gar' bage 
 
 Exceptions to a. 
 
 gest' ure 
 
 gar' nish 
 
 gid' dy 
 
 girl' ish 
 
 gist 
 
 gos' sip 
 
 gim' let 
 
 gird' er 
 
 rig' id 
 
 gos' pel 
 
 giz' zard 
 
 gig' gling 
 
 gyp' sy 
 
 gur' gie 
 
 gew' gaw 
 
 gib' bous 
 
 gym' nast 
 
 guid' ance 
 
 gey' ser 
 
 gills 
 
 128. Suffixes. The thing which. The place where. 
 
 an ni yer' sa r 
 
 y a tone' ment 
 
 cem' e ter y 
 
 gran' a ry 
 
 sal' a ry 
 
 or' na ment 
 
 ar' mo ry 
 
 li' bra ry 
 
 boun' da ry 
 
 sed' i ment 
 
 dra' per y 
 
 con sis' to ry 
 
 ad vice' 
 
 al' i mo ny 
 
 sur' ger y 
 
 dor' mi to ry 
 
 jus' tice 
 
 tes' ti mo ny 
 
 ves' try 
 
 fac' to ry 
 
 prec' i pice 
 
 di rec' to ry 
 
 a' vi a ry 
 
 lab' ra to ry 
 
 al' i ment 
 
 mem/ o ry 
 
 a' pi a ry 
 
 or' a to ry 
 
 129. Relating to Astronomy. 
 
 
 na' dir 
 
 as' te roids 
 
 a phe' li on 
 
 a' e ro lite 
 
 ze' nitli 
 
 sat' el lites 
 
 ap' gee 
 
 tel' e scope 
 
 e clip' tic 
 
 me' te or 
 
 zo' di ac 
 
 cen trip' e tal 
 
 e qui noc' tial 
 
 gal' ax y 
 
 par' al lax 
 
 cen trif u gal 
 
 e clipse' 
 
 con stel la' tion 
 
 j)Qy' i gee 
 
 pe num' bra 
 
 sol' stice ' 
 
 as' tro labe 
 
 sy nod' ic 
 
 si de' re al 
 
 neb' u la 
 
 per i he' li on 
 
 pre ces' sion 
 
 CO ro' na 
 
 130. A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Delightful relates to the state of mind ; delicious to the 
 gratification of the senses, and charming to the gratification 
 of the mind through the senses. Anything is deliglitful 
 that produces gladness of mind. Delicious is confined to 
 matters of taste, touch, and smell. Charming is used in 
 the sense of that which delights and engages the whole 
 nature. 
 
48 
 
 Geaiuiar School Speller and Definer, 
 
 — ^ — 
 131, The sound of th. Pronunciation exercise. 
 
 Hard. 
 
 Soft. 
 
 nard in sing. 
 
 Soft in plu. 
 
 tliank 
 
 this 
 
 bath 
 
 baths 
 
 breath 
 
 with' er 
 
 lath 
 
 laths 
 
 theft 
 
 smooth 
 
 path 
 
 paths 
 
 the' ry 
 
 be queath' 
 
 cloth 
 
 cloths 
 
 thim' ble 
 
 with stand' 
 
 wreath 
 
 wreaths 
 
 thick 
 
 breathe 
 
 oath 
 
 oaths 
 
 132, SufHxes denoting diminution. 
 
 can' ti cle 
 
 sic' kle 
 
 
 riv' u let 
 
 found' ling 
 
 i' ci cle 
 
 lamb' kin 
 
 
 cor' net 
 
 gos' ling 
 
 con ven' ti cle 
 
 man' i kin 
 
 
 ea' glet 
 
 seed' ling 
 
 ret' i cule 
 
 pip' kin 
 
 
 tur' ret 
 
 mat' took 
 
 glob' nle 
 
 brace' let 
 
 
 flow' er et 
 
 hil'lock 
 
 gran' ule 
 
 front' let 
 
 
 tab' let 
 
 pad' dock 
 
 satch' el 
 
 leaf let 
 
 
 dar' ling 
 
 Tom 'my 
 
 133. Geology and Natural 
 
 History, 
 
 
 met' al lur gy 
 
 ba salt' 
 
 nick' el 
 
 in fu so' ri a 
 
 min' er als 
 
 schorl 
 
 bis' 
 
 ' muth 
 
 zo' phyte 
 
 gran' ite 
 
 ste' a tite 
 
 po 
 
 tas' si um 
 
 an i mal' cule 
 
 quartz 
 
 talc 
 
 so' 
 
 di um 
 
 pol' y pe 
 
 f el' spar 
 
 a' que ous 
 
 car 
 
 ' ci um 
 
 ra' di ate 
 
 mi' ca 
 
 ig' ne ous 
 
 an' 
 
 ti mo ny 
 
 mol' lusk 
 
 horn' blende 
 
 ter' ti a ry 
 
 man ga nese' 
 
 ar tic' u late 
 
 134, A lesson in distinguishing words, 
 
 "We discover what was con- 
 cealed. We invent some- 
 thing new. 
 
 We cease working when tired. 
 AYe leave off work at six. 
 
 Bright intellect. Vivid ima- 
 
 Laughable jest. Ridiculous 
 behayior. Ludicrous situa- 
 tion. DroU story. Comical 
 illustrations. Burlesque 
 representation. 
 
 Vain of accomplishments. 
 Proud of superiority. 
 
 gination. 
 
Geammar School Speller and Definer, 
 — + — 
 135. Words spelled in two ways. 
 
 49 
 
 WOECESTER. 
 
 Webster. 
 
 the' ii tre 
 
 the' a ter 
 
 cen' tre 
 
 een' ter 
 
 mea' gre 
 
 mea' ger 
 
 mi' tre 
 
 mi' ter 
 
 o' clire 
 
 o' clier 
 
 som' bre 
 
 som' ber 
 
 lus' tre 
 
 lus' ter 
 
 me' tre 
 
 me' ter 
 
 sa' bre 
 
 sa' ber 
 
 fi' bre 
 
 fi' ber 
 
 salt pe' tre 
 
 salt pe' ter 
 
 seep' tre 
 
 seep' ter 
 
 sep' nl chre 
 
 sep' 111 clier 
 
 136, Su^xes forming nouns. 
 
 Collective nouns. 
 
 as sem' blage 
 coin' age 
 pill' mage 
 ma chin' er y 
 cay' al ry 
 peas' ant ry 
 f o' 11 age 
 
 Science^ practice, doctrine. 
 
 pol' 1 tics 
 op' tics 
 Cal' yin ism 
 pa' tri ot ism 
 bri' ber y 
 chem' is try 
 sor' ce ry 
 
 treach' er y 
 car' pen try 
 ag' ri cult ure 
 ar' chi tect ure 
 hor' ti cult ure 
 man u fact' ure 
 sculpt' ure 
 
 The act of. 
 
 dis clos' ure 
 in yes' ti ture 
 pir lage 
 coz' en age 
 col li' sioii 
 dis sec' tion 
 re demp' tion 
 
 137. Relating to Rhetoric. 
 
 rhet' o ric 
 belles-let' tres 
 crit' i cism 
 syl' lo gism 
 di lem' ma 
 cop' u la 
 lam poon' 
 
 ep' i thet 
 par' a ble 
 ar le go ry 
 met' a phor 
 par' dy 
 tray' es ty 
 
 ep 1 gram 
 sim' i le 
 a pos' tro phe 
 an tith' e sis 
 tau tol' gy 
 yul' gar ism 
 
 pas quin ade' di' a lect 
 
 ye' he ment 
 ex or' di um 
 id' i om 
 me ton' y my 
 par' a graph 
 i' ron y 
 sar' casm 
 
 138. A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 The incompetent cannot act for want of special know- 
 ledge ; the incapable lack physical, mental, or moral power. 
 
 Incompetent is only used of persons ; incapable may be 
 employed of inanimate substances, as a bridge may be so 
 bad as to be incapable of repair. 
 
 Incapable of falsehood. Incompetent to judge. 
 
 i^ 
 
50 Grammar School Speller and Definer, 
 
 139. Long a in the accented syllable. 
 
 a' the ism 
 
 ca na' ry 
 
 bar ri cade' 
 
 con vey' ance 
 
 ma' ni a 
 
 e va' sion 
 
 pro sa' ic 
 
 main' ten ance 
 
 rat' a ble 
 
 ab ra' sion 
 
 ser e nade' 
 
 trai' tor ous 
 
 fa' tal ism 
 
 col la' tion 
 
 pal i sade' 
 
 as cer tain' 
 
 bra' ve ry 
 
 e ras' ure 
 
 te na' cious 
 
 ac quaint' ance 
 
 cham' ber lain 
 
 lo qua' cious 
 
 cav al cade' 
 
 gay' e ty 
 
 la' i ty 
 
 am bus cade' 
 
 sur vey' or 
 
 e va' sion 
 
 140. SuiSxes denoting the quality 
 
 of, likeness. 
 
 boy' ish 
 
 ug' li est 
 
 prince' ly 
 
 silk' en 
 
 knav' ish 
 
 migh' ti est 
 
 ma' tron ly 
 
 flax' en 
 
 slay' ish 
 
 war' like 
 
 wa' ter y 
 
 wool' len 
 
 girl' ish 
 
 la' dy-like 
 
 ghost' ly 
 
 wood' en 
 
 fiend' ish 
 
 child' like 
 
 clay' ey 
 
 loath' some 
 
 dog' ged 
 
 friend' ly 
 
 moss' y 
 
 whole' some 
 
 wretch' ed 
 
 broth' er ly 
 
 drunk' en 
 
 tire' some 
 
 141, Relating to Geometxy. 
 
 
 ge om' try 
 
 ax' iom 
 
 trap e zoid' 
 
 pe riph' e ry 
 
 the' rem 
 
 sec' tor 
 
 rec' tan gle 
 
 pol' y gram 
 
 post' u late 
 
 lem' ma 
 
 di ag' nal 
 
 tra pe' zi um 
 
 cor' ol la ry 
 
 rhom' boid 
 
 scho' li um 
 
 pa rab' o la 
 
 pol' y gon 
 
 rhom' bus 
 
 hy poth' e sis 
 
 5 hy per' bo la 
 
 tri' an gle 
 
 se' cant 
 
 di am' e ter 
 
 frus' tum 
 
 i sos' ce les 
 
 tan' gent 
 
 prism 
 
 trun' cat ed 
 
 142, A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 A genuine book is that which was written by the person 
 whose name it bears as the author of it; an authentic book 
 is that which relates matters of fact as they really hap- 
 pened. A book may be genuine without being authentic, 
 and authentic without being genuine. 
 
 Authentic history ; genuine materials ; real occurrence. 
 
 Scott's ^^ Life of Bonaparte" is not considered authentic. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer. 51 
 
 1- - 
 
 143. Short a. Spell and define. 
 
 
 ar CO liol 
 
 tac' i turn 
 
 dis par' age tan' gi ble 
 
 mac' CO boy 
 
 bias' phe my 
 
 ec Stat' ic 
 
 sas' sa fras 
 
 al' ge bra 
 
 lat' i tude 
 
 mu lat' to 
 
 tan' ta lize 
 
 ad' a mant 
 
 chas' tise ment pac' i fy 
 
 prac' ti cal 
 
 de trac' tiou 
 
 sac' ri lege 
 
 lach' ry mal cas' u al 
 
 gar' ru Ions 
 
 flag' el late 
 
 I tal' ian 
 
 plat' i nnm 
 
 tab' u lar 
 
 pan' ply 
 
 rlieu mat' : 
 
 ic lac' er ate 
 
 144. Sumxes denoting of, like, or pertaining to. , 
 
 car' di ac • 
 
 syl' van 
 
 gi gan' tic 
 
 hos' tile 
 
 el e gi' ac 
 
 lu' nar 
 
 cler' i cal 
 
 di vine' 
 
 ail turn' nal 
 
 pop' u lar 
 
 bo tan' i cal 
 
 aq' ni line 
 
 den' tal 
 
 lit' er a ry 
 
 In' cid 
 
 ad mon' i to ry 
 
 fi'nal 
 
 mil' i ta ry 
 
 viv' id 
 
 con sol' a to ry 
 
 ce les' tial 
 
 pe cun' ia ry 
 
 mor' bid 
 
 Mal tese' 
 
 hu' man 
 
 an gel' ic 
 
 pn' e rile 
 
 Da' nish 
 
 145. Relating to Geometry. 
 
 
 a' re a 
 
 cir' cu lar 
 
 lio mol' gons 
 
 sup' pie ment 
 
 a' pex 
 
 sa' li ent 
 
 liy potli' e nnse 
 
 rec ti lin' e ar 
 
 ob liqiie' 
 
 pen' ta gon 
 
 el lip' soid 
 
 con' i cal 
 
 ob late' 
 
 hex' a gon 
 
 ab scis' sa 
 
 py ram' i dal 
 
 cy' cloid 
 
 oc' ta gon 
 
 ad ja' cent 
 
 CO in cide' 
 
 pris' moid 
 
 trans verse' 
 
 al ter' nate 
 
 as' ymp tote 
 
 bi sect' 
 
 sphe' roid 
 
 com' pie ment 
 
 cal' en lus 
 
 V- 
 
 146, A lesson in distinguishing vyords. 
 
 A pirate on the high seas is the same as a robber on land. 
 Evident, what is clearly proved; obvious, what needs no 
 proof. Delight comes from pleasure; gratification from 
 that which shows the good- will of others. Pique, a slight l^ 
 resentment; spite, a settled resentment. Rancor, a deep- 
 seated hatred ; grudge, a long-cherished ill-feeling. Durable 
 fabrics ; lasting impressions. We expect what is likely to 
 happen ; we hope for what we desire to happen. ^„,**^ 
 
52 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — ^ — 
 147, The sound of a in far and a in fall. 
 
 lar' ce ny 
 
 char' la tan 
 
 al' ma nac 
 
 con cord' ance 
 
 ar' ma ment 
 
 a part' ment 
 
 far si ty 
 
 pan' ci ty 
 
 mar' vel lous 
 
 ar' bi trate 
 
 al' der man 
 
 por' cu pine 
 
 car' di nal 
 
 in car' nate 
 
 for' feit ure 
 
 cor' pu lent 
 
 ar' du ous 
 
 mar' cliion ess 
 
 or' na ment 
 
 plan' si ble 
 
 mar' ma lade 
 
 liar' le quin 
 
 an' tlior ize 
 
 an' spi ces 
 
 ar' ma ture 
 
 liar' bin ger 
 
 in can' tious 
 
 or' de al 
 
 .148. Suffixes forming adjectives. 
 
 
 cu' ra ble 
 
 doc' ile 
 
 ar' dent 
 
 art^less 
 
 flex' i ble 
 
 con' stant 
 
 way' ward 
 
 doubt' less 
 
 ac' cu rate 
 
 dor' mant 
 
 brack' isli 
 
 sense' less 
 
 or' nate 
 
 ver bose' 
 
 green' isli 
 
 troub' le some 
 
 tip' per most 
 
 peace' ful 
 
 du' bi ous 
 
 toil' some 
 
 top' most 
 
 ink' y 
 
 tim' or ous 
 
 f rol' ic some 
 
 liemp' en 
 
 stub' born 
 
 fif teenth 
 
 ten' fold. 
 
 149, Relating to Chemistry. 
 
 
 cru' ci ble 
 
 by' dro gen 
 
 bo' rax 
 
 pre cip' i tate 
 
 al' clie my 
 
 ni' tro gen 
 
 base 
 
 cu pel la' tion 
 
 re tort' 
 
 flu' or ine 
 
 at' om 
 
 gQi^' er ate 
 
 a lem' bic 
 
 chlo' rine 
 
 re duce' 
 
 e vap' rate 
 
 al' ka li 
 
 cy an' o gen 
 
 dis solve' 
 
 neu' tral ize 
 
 i' dine 
 
 ox' ido 
 
 solv' ent 
 
 a mal' garn 
 
 bro' mine 
 
 al loy' 
 
 nas' cent 
 
 Yol' a tile 
 
 150. A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 A strong man is able to bear a heavy burden. A robust 
 man bears continual labor or fatigue with ease. There is 
 in robust the idea of roughness or rudeness, which strong 
 does not contain. A strong man may be active and graceful. 
 A robust man is apt to be clumsy. Laborers are robust ; 
 soldiers are generally strong men. Eobust by nature ; 
 strong by exercise. Eobust constitution ; strong limbs. 
 Eobust is opposed to frail ; strong to weak. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Defines. 
 
 63 
 
 151. Long 
 
 ; e. Spell and define. 
 
 
 de' ceil cy 
 
 ly ce' um 
 
 eat' a ble 
 
 yer se' er 
 
 le' ni ent 
 
 tor pe' do 
 
 bei' sance 
 
 in yei' gle 
 
 ve' hi cle 
 
 sub poo' na 
 
 fea' si ble 
 
 chan de lier' 
 
 se' ere cy 
 
 j)er se vere' 
 
 mag a zine' 
 
 man da rin' 
 
 e' qui nox 
 
 de pie' tion 
 
 fric as see' 
 
 qui e' tus 
 
 CO he' sive 
 
 pri me' yal 
 
 pat en tee' 
 
 e' go tist 
 
 ad he' rence 
 
 fa ce' tious 
 
 cap-a-pie' 
 
 cap u chin' 
 
 152, Suffixes forming 
 
 verbs. 
 
 
 an' i mate 
 
 mois' ten 
 
 ad mon' ish 
 
 au' thor ize 
 
 as sini' i late 
 
 1 length' en 
 
 di min' ish 
 
 chas tise' 
 
 cap' ti yate 
 
 quick' en 
 
 es tab' lish 
 
 e' qual ize 
 
 per' f rate 
 
 am' pli fy 
 
 pub' lish 
 
 fer' til ize 
 
 ren' o yate 
 
 for' ti fy 
 
 fin' ish 
 
 iniV yer ize 
 
 ter' mi nate 
 
 mag' ni fy 
 
 im poy' er ish 
 
 scru' ti nize 
 
 bright' en 
 
 yer' i fy 
 
 a pol' gize 
 
 deyise' 
 
 153. Relating to Natural Philosophy, 
 
 
 due' tile 
 
 mal' le a bio 
 
 OS cil la' tion 
 
 re flee' tion 
 
 plas' tic 
 
 pen' e tra bio 
 
 so no' rous 
 
 re frac' tion 
 
 la' tent 
 
 crys' tal line 
 
 in su la' tion 
 
 di yerge' 
 
 vi' brate 
 
 den' si ty 
 
 cliro mat' ic 
 
 con yerge' 
 
 ad here' 
 
 te nac' i ty 
 
 mo men' turn 
 
 gray' i ty 
 
 im pinge' 
 
 dy nam' ics 
 
 ca lor' ic 
 
 ful' crum 
 
 tor' sion 
 
 hy drau' lies 
 
 in' ci dence 
 
 si' phon 
 
 154. A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 What is continual admits of no interruption in time, 
 though it admits of interyals, as continual showers through 
 the month. What is continuous admits of no interruption 
 in space. The perpetual admits of no end; the constant 
 admits of no change. The world, and all that it contains, 
 are subject to perpetual change. It should be the constant 
 endeayor of the parent to train up his child in tlie princi- 
 ples of religion and yirtuc. A continuous train of thought. 
 
 \/ 
 
54 Grammar School Speller and Definer, 
 
 — ^— 
 155, Short e. Spell and define. 
 
 et i quette' 
 clem' en cy 
 ec' sta sy 
 lier' e sy 
 leg' i ble 
 em' has sy 
 bev' er ao-e 
 
 em' bry o 
 pref er eiice 
 pefc' u lance 
 reg' i men 
 rec' on cile 
 ven' ti late 
 rec ol lect' 
 
 veg' e tate 
 tem' per ance 
 in ces' sant 
 ten' e ment 
 ret' i nne 
 ap pel' lant 
 qui es' cence 
 
 bis sex' tile 
 treas' ur er 
 de pend' ence 
 bur' i al 
 tem' po rize 
 cos met' ic 
 si es' ta 
 
 156, Suffixes forming verbs. 
 
 stu' pe fy 
 liq' ue fy 
 pu' tre fy 
 rar' e fy 
 ar' e fy 
 car e fy 
 tor' re fy 
 
 nuF li fy 
 spec' i fy 
 e lee' tri fy 
 ver' i fy 
 mol' li fy 
 so lid' i fy 
 ed' i fy 
 
 dram' a tize 
 or' gan.ize 
 mem' o rize 
 col' o nize 
 bar' mo nize 
 sat' ir ize 
 mo nop' lize 
 
 re Yise 
 sur prise' 
 tlie' rize 
 sur mise' 
 ^n' gli cize 
 ex' or cise 
 crit' i cise 
 
 157, Divide into syllables and mark the accent. 
 
 morning daybreak recent promptness 
 
 eyeniiig nightfall novel despatch 
 
 forenoon noonday modern readiness 
 
 afternoon mid-day ancient quickness 
 
 noontide antique tardiness 
 
 twiliglit 
 
 sunrise 
 
 sunset 
 
 even-tide 
 curfew 
 
 primitive 
 mediaeval 
 
 sloth fulness 
 laziness 
 
 158. A lesson in distinguishing vrords. 
 
 The cost of a thing is all that has been laid out to pro- 
 duce it; the price is that which represents its value to the 
 owner, and must be paid to procure it. The worth of any- 
 thing depends upon its real merit ; its value is determined 
 by the price it would fetch in market. That which is really 
 of little worth may be of great value in consequence of its 
 scarcity. Costly articles ; expensive habits. 
 
GRA3IMAR School Speller and Definer. 55 
 
 159. The sound of e, as 
 
 T- 
 
 in her. 
 
 
 mer' can tile 
 
 ser' vi tor 
 
 e ner' vate 
 
 di ur' nal 
 
 ger' mi nate 
 
 ver' sa tile 
 
 dis per' sion 
 
 fer' ven cy 
 
 per' ma nence noc tur' nal 
 
 im mer' sion 
 
 cur' va ture 
 
 fer' til ize 
 
 ad journ' ment ur' gen cy 
 
 in sur' gent 
 
 ver' bi age 
 
 per' vi ous 
 
 dis con cert' 
 
 re im burse' 
 
 e mer' gence 
 
 ter' mi nus 
 
 in ter sperse' 
 
 tur' pen tine 
 
 eer' tain ly 
 
 ter' ma gant 
 
 in ter' ment 
 
 per ver' sion 
 
 160. Hovr adverbs are 
 
 formed. 
 
 
 art'ful 
 
 art' f ul ly 
 
 cross 
 
 cross' wise 
 
 no' ble 
 
 no' bly 
 
 gloom 
 
 gloom' i ly 
 
 brave 
 
 brave' ly 
 
 length 
 
 length' wise 
 
 just 
 
 just' ly 
 
 side 
 
 side' ways 
 
 peace 
 
 peace' a bly 
 
 af ' ter 
 
 af ' ter ward 
 
 fore 
 
 for' ward 
 
 friend 
 
 friend' ly 
 
 ea' sy 
 
 ea' si ly 
 
 oth' er 
 
 oth' er wise 
 
 161. Divide into syllables and mark the accent,. 
 
 freckled 
 
 piebald 
 
 comfort 
 
 anxiety 
 
 dappled 
 
 streaked 
 
 delight 
 
 dejection 
 
 brindled 
 
 motley 
 
 luxury 
 
 misery 
 
 speckled 
 
 florid 
 
 satisfaction 
 
 anguish 
 
 mottled 
 
 sorrel 
 
 enchantment 
 
 torture 
 
 checkered 
 
 tawny 
 
 rapture 
 
 agony 
 
 striped 
 
 russet 
 
 felicity 
 
 tribulation 
 
 162, A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Annals record the events connected with the progress of 
 affairs of state, and are the germ and rudiments of history. 
 These are followed by chronicles, which are only amjoler 
 narratives, and fall sliort of that analysis of motive and 
 action, cause and effect, which is needed to make up the 
 idea of philosophic history. Annals of the Four Masters. 
 Froissart's Chronicles. Bancroft's History. 
 
56 Grammar School Speller and De finer, 
 
 — ^ — 
 163, Long i. Spell and define, 
 
 i' sin glass 
 mi' cro scope 
 
 di' a gram 
 di' a lect 
 bri' ber y 
 pro vi' so 
 pi' ra cy 
 si' ne cure 
 de cri' al 
 
 vi' a duct 
 con triv' ance 
 de ci' siye 
 re qui' tal 
 con ni' vance 
 
 as sign' ment 
 de sir' ous 
 re ci' tal 
 dis ci' pie 
 sa li' va 
 di' o cese 
 live' li hood 
 
 lii' e rarcli 
 di' a pliragm 
 pli' a ble 
 dy' nas ty 
 hy' a cintli 
 ri' on 
 in qui' ry 
 
 164, Latin prefixes. Written 
 
 Ab solve', to loosen from, lience, 
 
 A vert', to turn away from, 
 
 Ad vert', to turn to, 
 
 An te ce' dent, going before, 
 
 Cir cum spec' tion, a looking around, 
 
 Con found', to pour together, 
 
 Coun ter mand', to order against, 
 
 De tract', to draw from. 
 
 exercise. 
 
 to pardon ; to acquit, 
 to ward off ; to prevent, 
 to observe ; to remark, 
 preceding ; previous, 
 caution; wariness, 
 to confuse ; to perplex, 
 to revoke orders, 
 to defame ; to slander. 
 
 165, Relating to Mythology, 
 
 Ju' pi ter, supreme deity. 
 
 Sat' urn, time. The father of Jupiter. 
 
 I^ep' tune, sea. Son of Saturn and Ops. 
 
 Plu' to, infernal regions. 
 
 A pol' lo, learning. Protector of the Muses. 
 
 Mer' cu ry, eloquence and commerce. 
 
 Mars, war. Son of Jupiter and Juno. 
 
 Bac' clius, wine. 
 
 Vul' can, forge. Husband of Venus. 
 
 Ju' no, queen. 
 Ve' nus, beauty. 
 Mi ner' va, wisdom. 
 Ce' res, husbandry. 
 Di a' na, hunting. 
 Ves'ta, hearth; fire. 
 Au ro' ra, morning. 
 I' ris, rainbow. 
 He' be, youth. 
 
 166. A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Wrath is violent and continuous anger, accompanied by 
 a desire to inflict suffering. We speak of the wrath of 
 kings, and especially of the Almighty. Anger, when it is 
 excited to a degree of frenzy, so that the mind has totally 
 lost self-command, is termed rage. 
 
GRA3mAR School Speller and D 
 
 EFINER. 57 
 
 167. Short 
 
 i. Spell and define. 
 
 
 ciii' na mon 
 
 dis' pu tant 
 
 in' fan tile 
 
 is' late 
 
 hick' ry 
 
 im' pie ment 
 
 in' no cence 
 
 min' er al 
 
 big' a my 
 
 dis' si pate 
 
 in' tel lect 
 
 tiin' or oils 
 
 pliys' i cal 
 
 hid' e ous 
 
 lie' rice 
 
 mis' ere ant 
 
 crim' i nate 
 
 hin' der ance 
 
 in' te gral 
 
 mis' tie toe 
 
 dis' so nant 
 
 dis' so lute 
 
 lin' e age 
 
 stim' u lus 
 
 cit' a del 
 
 in' su late 
 
 lit' ur gy 
 
 in' cu bus 
 
 168, Latin prefixes. Written exercise. 
 
 Ex pand', to open out, to spread out; to enlarge. 
 
 Disease', the ojpposite of ease, distress ; sickness. 
 
 Dis pel', to drive apart, 
 
 Ex traor' di na ry, beyond ordinary, 
 In cur', to run into, 
 
 In firm', not firm. 
 
 In ter cede', to pass between, 
 
 169, Relating to Mythology. 
 
 to disperse; to dissipate, 
 remarkable ; unusual, 
 to become liable to. 
 weak; feeble, 
 to mediate. 
 
 Cli' 0, the patroness of history. 
 
 Fu' ries 
 
 Gra' ces 
 
 Cal li' pe, epic poetry. 
 
 Har' pies 
 
 IIou' Ties 
 
 Mel pom' e ne, tragedy. 
 
 Sa' tyrs 
 
 ISTymphs 
 
 Tha li' a, comedy. 
 
 Cen' taurs 
 
 Sylphs 
 
 Er' a to, amatory poetry. 
 
 Gor' gons 
 
 Fair' ies 
 
 Eu ter' pe, music. 
 
 De' mens 
 
 Pyg' mies 
 
 Pol y hym' ni a, lyric poetry. 
 
 Fauns 
 
 iSTe' re ids 
 
 U ra' ni a, astronomy. 
 
 Dry' ads 
 
 Si' reus 
 
 Terp sich' o re, dancing. 
 
 Sphinx 
 
 Drag' ons 
 
 170. A lesson in distinguishing words, 
 
 A spectator is a mere looker-on. He may be concerned 
 or unconcerned with what he sees. The beholder views with 
 some degree of interest. The observer looks on attentively, 
 takes account of particulars, and receives impressions, on 
 which he subsequently reflects. Cunning and stratagem 
 are sometimes lawfully used in self-defence, but deceit and 
 duplicity are marks of a base mind. 
 
58 Grammau School Speller and Definer, 
 
 — ^ — 
 171. Short i. Spell and define, 
 
 bap tis' mal e li' sign 
 
 e Big' ma 
 ris' i ble 
 sin' is ter 
 vin^ e gar 
 vit' ri ol 
 yir' 11 lent 
 mo ni' tion 
 
 ca pri cious 
 cle ci' sion 
 col li' sion 
 dis trib' ufce 
 con fis' cate 
 el lip' tic 
 
 pil' lo ry 
 in sip' id 
 of fi' cious 
 con tin' gent 
 pos til' ion 
 syc' a more 
 
 en kin' die 
 typ' i cal 
 syc' pliant 
 tyr' an nous 
 sym' me try 
 Mich' ael mas 
 syn' nyme 
 
 172, Latin prefixes. Written exercise. 
 
 In tro duce', 
 Ob ject', 
 Per' feet, 
 Post pone', 
 Pre vent', 
 Pro vide'. 
 Re cline', 
 
 to lead within, 
 to throw in the way, 
 done thoroughly, 
 to place after, 
 to come before, 
 to look forward, 
 to lean back, 
 
 to make acquainted, 
 to find fault ; to oppose, 
 complete; faultless, 
 to delay ; to adjourn, 
 to hinder ; to obstruct, 
 to prepare; to furnish, 
 to rest or repose. 
 
 173, Relating to Mythology. 
 
 Cha' OS ISTep tu' ni an Par nas' sus An ge' an 
 
 E"ox 
 
 Plu to' ni an 
 
 0' re ads 
 
 Ar' gus 
 
 Ter' ra 
 
 Cu' pid 
 
 Mu' ses 
 
 am bro' si a 
 
 Coe' lus 
 
 mar' tial 
 
 E"a' iads 
 
 nee' tar 
 
 Bel lo' na 
 
 ce' re al 
 
 Chi me' ra 
 
 Es cu la' pi us 
 
 Hy' dra 
 
 bac' cha nal 
 
 Aonian mount 
 
 Cha' ron 
 
 Her' cu les 
 
 E o' li an 
 
 Pierian spring 
 
 Styx 
 
 174. A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Tameness is produced by training ; gentleness is a part of 
 the natural disposition. Courage enables us to face danger ; 
 fortitude urges us to endure pain. An aggressor may only 
 threaten violence; an assailant actually commits it. We 
 alter a part; we change the whole. Compensation and 
 remuneration are obligatory; reward and requital are op- 
 tional or gratuitous. 
 
GrxImmar School Speller and Definer, 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 59 
 
 175, Long o. Spell and define. 
 
 CO pi ous 
 sto' i cal 
 fo' li age 
 o' a sis 
 co' gQTi cy 
 more o' yer 
 com a tose' 
 
 for' ci ble 
 ab do' men 
 cor ro' sive 
 de co' rum 
 di jjIo' ma 
 en rol' ment 
 so no' rous 
 
 ho' sier y 
 au ro' ra 
 a dor' er 
 a tro' cious 
 o' ri ent 
 in clos' nre 
 o' pi ate 
 
 jo' yi al 
 iin whole' some 
 pro j)o' sal 
 con do' lence 
 o' ri ole 
 fore clo' sure 
 droll' er y 
 
 176. Latin prefixes. Written exercise. 
 
 Bet' ro spect, 
 Se cede', 
 Sim' pie, 
 Sub scribe', 
 Sur pass'. 
 Trans late', 
 
 a looking backward, a reyiew. 
 
 to go aside, to leaye ; to retire. 
 
 without fold, 
 to write under, 
 to pass oyer, 
 to carry across. 
 
 artless; plain, 
 to sign ; to attest. 
 to excel ; to outdo, 
 to transport; to interpret. 
 
 Ultra ma rine', being beyond the sea, foreign. 
 
 177. Abbreviations, Place a period after each. 
 
 Maj. Gen. 
 
 Major-General. 
 
 Com. Commodore. 
 
 Brig. Gen. 
 
 Brigadier-General. 
 
 Brig. Brigade. 
 
 Col. 
 
 Colonel. 
 
 Eegt. Eegiment. 
 
 Maj. 
 
 Major. 
 
 Co. Company. 
 
 Capt. 
 
 Captain. 
 
 U. S. A. U. S. Army. 
 
 Lieut. 
 
 Lieutenant. 
 
 U. S. K U. S. Kayy. 
 
 Serg. 
 
 Sergeant. 
 
 Adm. Admiral. 
 
 178. A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 An asylum is a quiet home in wliich all wants are satis- 
 fied, and danger or yiolence ^scaped. A refuge is sought 
 when specific danger or persecution presses. A retreat is 
 a place where we may find desired rest, quiet, or retire- 
 ment. Asylums are proyided for helpless orphans. The 
 man of business, wearied with the anxieties and cares of 
 the world, seeks a retreat suited to his circumstances. 
 
60 
 
 GRA3IMAII School Speller and Definer, 
 
 179, Short o. Spell* and define. 
 
 bron' chi al 
 drop' si cal 
 post' hii mons 
 con' gru ous 
 om' i nous 
 cog' ni zant 
 pos' si ble 
 
 prob' a ble 
 ob' so lete 
 ab lior' rent 
 clia of ic 
 la con' ic 
 sym bol' ic 
 CO los' sal 
 
 com pos' ite 
 op' er ate 
 propli' e sy 
 a pos' tate 
 sole rot' ic 
 tol' er ance 
 non' de script 
 
 ob' e lisk 
 lior' logo 
 com' ba tant 
 cop' per as 
 prob' i ty 
 prof es tant 
 quar' an tine' 
 
 180, A, ab, abs, from ; aivay. Ad, 'with its forms, to. 
 
 a void' 
 ab iure' 
 ab scond' 
 ab stracf 
 ab lu' tion 
 ad journ' 
 ac cede' 
 
 ac crue 
 af fi' ance 
 al lege' 
 an nex' 
 ap plaud' 
 ap praise' 
 as cend' 
 
 at test' 
 ac cess' 
 af flu ence 
 ap pend' 
 ad vance' 
 ac cepf 
 at tain' 
 
 ad' e quate 
 ag' gre gate 
 ag gross' or 
 as' pect 
 ad ja' cent 
 ad' verse 
 af fa ble 
 
 181, Abbreviations, 
 
 Card. 
 
 Abp. 
 
 Bp. 
 
 Kt. Eev. 
 
 Kev. 
 
 D. Y. 
 
 B.Y. 
 
 Cardinal. 
 Arclibisliop. 
 Bishop. 
 Eight Eev. 
 Eeverend. 
 God willing. 
 Blessed Viro:in. 
 
 Place a period after each. 
 
 Pres. President. Present. 
 
 Sec. Secretary. Section. 
 
 Treas. Treasurer. 
 
 Sen. Senator. . Senior. 
 
 Hon. Honorable. 
 
 M. C. Member of Congress. 
 
 M. P. Member of Parhament. 
 
 182, A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Silent men do not speak; taciturn men will not speak. 
 Silence describes the actual, taciturnity the habitual, dis- 
 position to say nothing. Wr treasure the gifts of friends ; 
 misers hoard their money. Force is strength jout in action. 
 Genius creates ideas ; talent makes use of them. Pleasure 
 is short-lived ; happiness is a continued state of enjoyment. 
 Lavish is a stronger word than profuse ; prodigal is stronger 
 still. 
 
Grammar School Speller and De finer. 
 — ^~ 
 183. Long u. Spell and define. 
 
 61 
 
 ii' in verse 
 cu' po la 
 dn' te ous 
 ju' bi lee 
 pu' ri fy 
 ju' gii lar 
 u' su ry 
 
 mu' ti late 
 nu' tri ment 
 mu' ti nous 
 a cu' men 
 di lu' tion 
 il lu' sion 
 pur su' ant 
 
 im por tune' 
 f u' mi gate 
 beau' te ous 
 eu' lo gize 
 f u' si ble 
 eu' plio ny 
 u' ni corn 
 
 pu' is sant 
 suf fa' sion 
 eu' ti cle 
 ju' ye nile 
 mu' ta ble 
 lu' na cy 
 con tu' sion 
 
 184, Ante, before. Am, round. Circum, around. 
 Cis, on this side. Ck)n, with its forms, together. 
 
 an' te date 
 an' te past 
 an' te room 
 am' bi ent 
 am bi' tion 
 cir cum yent' 
 cir' cum stance 
 
 cir cum scribe' 
 cis al' pine 
 cis at Ian' tic 
 con cede' 
 con dole' 
 cog' nate 
 con struct' 
 
 col late' 
 con' gress 
 CO erce' 
 con sent' 
 con' tract 
 col lect' 
 com bine' 
 
 col la' tion 
 cor rode' 
 con nive' 
 cor reef 
 con' flu ence 
 con' so nance 
 CO ex ist' 
 
 185, Abbreviations, Place a period after each. 
 
 A. B. Bachelor of Arts. 
 
 A. M. Master of Arts. 
 
 LL. D. Doctor of Laws. 
 
 D. D. Doctor of Diyinity. 
 
 Ph. D. Doctor of Philosophy. 
 
 S. T. D. Doctor of Sacred Theology. 
 
 D. 0. L. Doctor of Ciyil Law. 
 
 M. D. Doctor of Medicine. 
 
 MSS. 
 yol. 
 anon. 
 P. S. 
 
 isr. B. 
 
 e.g. 
 i. e. 
 
 manuscripts, 
 yolume. 
 anonymous, 
 postscript, 
 take notice, 
 for example, 
 that is. 
 
 yide,yid.,yi.,y. see. 
 
 186, A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 We attribute to an object something known, or natural 
 to it; we impute praise or blame to men with equity; we 
 ascribe an effect to its proper cause. Clear sky ; conspicu- 
 ous objects. Clear ideas; perspicuous language. A purpose 
 is effected ; an enterprise is achieyed. Conscience produces 
 scruples; fear, hesitation; irresolution, wavering. Hurry 
 is the sign of a weak mind ; despatch, of a strong one. 
 
62 Geailmae School S pel lee and Definee. 
 
 — ^ — 
 187. Short u. Spell and define. 
 
 cur pa ble 
 driidg' e ry 
 hur' ri cane 
 but' ter nut 
 pun' gen cy 
 
 punct' u al 
 scur' ril ous 
 mus' cu lar 
 suf fo cate 
 ex cul' pate 
 
 con cur' rence pro mul' gate 
 es cutcli' eon tri um' phal 
 
 re con struct' 
 sub' ter fuge 
 sub' ju gate 
 col' an der 
 coy' e nant 
 pe num' bra 
 hov' er ing 
 
 fur mi nate 
 mul' ti form 
 in cum' bent 
 CO nun' drum 
 som' er set 
 sub' si dy 
 con cus' sion 
 
 188, Contra or counter, against, De, down ; away ; 
 from. Dis, not ; asunde^r ; the opposite of. 
 
 con tra diet' 
 
 de cay' 
 
 de scribe' dis play' 
 
 con tra vene' 
 
 de cide'. 
 
 de volve' dis u nite' 
 
 con' tro yert 
 
 de duct' 
 
 de mand' dis join' 
 
 coun ter act' 
 
 de grade' 
 
 de part' dis o blige' 
 
 coun ter poise' 
 
 de lin' e ate 
 
 de pend' dis ap pear' 
 
 con' tra band 
 
 de nounce' 
 
 dis a' ble dis grace' 
 
 con trast' 
 
 de pos' it 
 
 dis a Yow' dis or' der 
 
 189. Abbreviations. Place a period after each. 
 
 Dr. debtor. 
 
 Mr. 
 
 ult. last month. 
 
 Cr. creditoi 
 
 Mrs. 
 
 inst. tins month. 
 
 acct. accouni 
 
 ;. Mme. 
 
 prox. next month. 
 
 A ISTo. 1. First Quality. Messrs 
 
 . ps. psalm. 
 
 C. 0. D. collect on 
 
 delivery. Esq. 
 
 p., pp. page, pages. 
 
 P. 0. post-office. Jr. 
 
 M. noon. 
 
 Ven. venerable. viz. 
 
 S. J. Society of Jesus. 
 
 190. A lesson in distinguishing -words. 
 
 Barbarous and inhuman are both higher degrees of cruel ; 
 but barbarity expresses a positive love of cruelty, whilst 
 inhumanity denotes the cruelty resulting from a want of 
 the natural feelings of kindness and tenderness. Many of 
 the Eoman emperors committed the most atrocious barbari- 
 ties. The slave-trade was an inhuman traffic. Restoration 
 by any one; restitution or reparation by the evil-doer. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer. 63 
 — ^ — 
 191. Pronunciation and oral spelling, 
 
 u, as in hull. ou and ow. oi^ as in oil, 
 
 butcli' er y boun' da ry coun' ter feifc moi' e ty 
 
 cook' er y coun' ter pane coun ter poise' re join' der 
 
 rook' er y moun' te bank es pou' sal an noy' ance 
 
 bul' le tin ca rou' sal fowl' ing-piece bois' ter ous 
 
 worn' an hood en dow' ment pow' der-horn poi' son ous 
 
 wjol' li ness a yow' al coun' ter sign roy' al ty 
 
 192. Dis, with its forms, apart, 
 forms, out of ; out ; from. 
 
 Ex, -with its 
 
 dis cuss' 
 dis mem' ber 
 dis sect' 
 dis tract' 
 di late' 
 di gress' 
 dis perse' 
 
 di Ycrt' 
 dif fer 
 dif fuse' 
 di lap' i date 
 dis' tant 
 dis tinct' 
 ex cept' 
 
 ex cul' pate 
 ex' e cute 
 ex haust' 
 ex hume' 
 ex pire' 
 ed' u cate 
 e ject' 
 
 e Ion' gate 
 e merge' 
 ef feet' 
 e' diet 
 e mo' tion 
 e vent' 
 ef fort 
 
 193, Punctuation marks. 
 
 - liy' phen ( ) paren' thesis 
 
 — dash [ ] brack' ets 
 
 A ca' ret '' " quota' tion marks 
 
 \ brace " diger' csis 
 
 " breve ' apos' trophe 
 
 " ma'cron ' acute' ac' cent 
 
 * * * ellip' sis 
 * as' terisk 
 t dag'ger 
 X doub'le dag'ger 
 § sec' tion 
 •f par' agrapli 
 
 . cedir la ^ grave, ^ cir' cumflex [J^^ in' dex 
 
 194, A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Things which bear some resemblance to each other may i 
 be compared. Things which are strikingly unlike each 
 other are contrasted. When we compare, it is with a view 
 to show a likeness ; when we contrast, it is in order to show 
 a dissimilitude. The dreadful ravages of war cannot be 
 compared to, but may be contrasted with, the quiet bless- 
 ings of peace. 
 
64 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — * — 
 
 195. Long a. Spell and define, 
 
 cu ta' ne ous sep a ra' tioii ter ra^ que ous 
 
 in gra' ti ate ap pa ra' tus gym na' si uni 
 
 y- gre ga' ri ous jg no ra' mus chi can' er y 
 
 / mal a' ri a prot es ta' tion com pla' cen cy 
 
 spon ta' ne ous prep a ra' tion gram ma' ri an 
 
 def a ma' tion lam en ta' tion .ir ra' di ate 
 
 proc la ma' tion al' li ga tor pla' gi a rism 
 
 196, In, forming verbs and nouns, into; in; on. 
 In, forming adjectives, not. 
 
 / 
 
 in clin^' 
 
 in ci' sion 
 
 in ca' pa ble 
 
 il lit' er ate 
 
 in elude' 
 
 ir' ri gate 
 
 in ces' sant 
 
 il log' i cal 
 
 in dent' 
 
 im pris' on 
 
 in' fi del 
 
 im ma ture' 
 
 in fringe' 
 
 im pinge' 
 
 in' fi nite 
 
 im pru' dent 
 
 in fuse' 
 
 im mure' 
 
 ig no' ble 
 
 ir rev' er ent 
 
 in spect' 
 
 il lu' mi nate 
 
 ig' no rant 
 
 il lie' it 
 
 in duce' 
 
 in gra' ti ate 
 
 il leg' i ble 
 
 ir rev' o ca ble 
 
 197. Names of Men. Written exercise. Divide 
 into syllables and mark the accent, 
 
 Aa' ron A dol' pbus Al' yin An' to ny 
 
 A' bel Al' a ric Am' a sa Ar' clii bald 
 
 A bi' jail Al' bert Am' brosc Ar' te mas 
 
 A' bra ham Al ex an' der A' mos Ar' thur 
 
 A' bram Al' fred An' drew A'sa 
 
 Ab' sa lorn A Ion' zo An' selm Augiis'tine 
 
 Ad' am Al plion' so An' tlio ny Au giis' tus 
 
 198. A lesson in distinguishing 'words. 
 
 That which approaches completion is almost done ; that 
 which is about to begin is nearly begun. Almost suggests 
 incompletion ; nearly, imminent action. Nearly regards 
 the beginning, and almost, the end of the act. A man is 
 almost killed who receives so severe an injury that his 
 life is despaired of ; a man is nearly killed who narrowly 
 escapes an injury which, if received, would cause his death. 
 
Grammar 
 
 199. Short a, 
 
 cat' er pil lar 
 ex ag' ger ate 
 CO ag' u late 
 de prav' i ty 
 au dac'i ty 
 com pat' i ble 
 char' i ta ble 
 
 School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — * — 
 Spell and define, 
 
 lam' en ta ble 
 am bas' sa dor 
 in flam' ma ble 
 hi lar' i ty 
 pre Yar' i cate 
 al lo path' ic 
 ras cal' i ty 
 
 (JD 
 
 lo quae' i ty 
 ol fac' to ry 
 pal' li a tive 
 in tran' si tive 
 yer nac' u lar 
 as sas' si nate 
 o pac' i ty 
 
 200, Inter, between. Ob, with its forms, against ; 
 in the way of. Per or pel, through. 
 
 in ter cept' 
 
 blige' 
 
 of f er 
 
 per' CO late 
 
 in ter diet' 
 
 ob struct' 
 
 op pose' 
 
 per' f rate 
 
 in ter fere' 
 
 ob' yi ate 
 
 op press' 
 
 per' ish 
 
 in ter mit' 
 
 oc' cu py 
 
 ob' ject 
 
 per plex' 
 
 in ter rupt' 
 
 oc cur' 
 
 oc ca' sion 
 
 per' se cute 
 
 in ter sect' 
 
 of fend' 
 
 ob se' qui ous 
 
 per' ma nent 
 
 in' ter stice 
 
 ob lit' er ate 
 
 ob' so lete 
 
 pel lu' cid 
 
 201, Names of Men, 
 
 Written exercise. 
 
 Bar' na by 
 
 Bri' an 
 
 Chris' to pher 
 
 Cy' rus 
 
 Bar thol' mew Cee' sar 
 
 Clar' ence 
 
 Dan' i el 
 
 Bas' il 
 
 Ca' leb 
 
 Clem' ent 
 
 Da ri' us 
 
 Ben' e diet 
 
 Car yin 
 
 Con' rad 
 
 Da' yid 
 
 Ben' ja min 
 
 Ce9' il 
 
 Con' stan tine 
 
 De me' tri us 
 
 Ber' nard 
 
 Ce' phas 
 
 Cor ne' li us 
 
 Den' is 
 
 Bon' i face 
 
 Charles 
 
 Cyr' il 
 
 Di uy" si iis 
 
 202, A lesson in distinguishing w^ords. 
 
 "We answer questions ; we reply to assertions. Answers 
 give information in accordance with the terms of the ques- 
 tion; replies contain contrary statements. Witnesses answer 
 the questions put to them by the counsel, becatlse informa- 
 tion alone is required. The defendant, in a trial, replies to 
 the arguments used by the plaintiff, because he seeks to 
 prove that these arguments are false. Answers are spoken 
 or written ; replies are always verbal. 
 
66 GRA^aiAR School Speller and Definer, 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 203. Long e. 
 
 ff si de' re al 
 con g<d' ni al 
 o be' di ent 
 
 (<l sac ri le' gious 
 in CO he' rent 
 
 f^, re triev' a ble 
 con ceiy' a ble 
 
 Spell and define. 
 
 tra ge' di an 
 in e' bri ate 
 ob se' qui oiis 
 ath e n88' urn 
 pan a ce' a 
 a me' na ble 
 (2f by me ne' al 
 
 man so le' nm 
 in ter fer' ence 
 ex pe' di ent 
 cy clo pse' di a 
 f u ne' re al 
 per se yer' ance 
 ex pe' ri ence 
 
 204. Post, after. Pre, before. Pro or pur, for ; 
 forth ; forward. Re, back ; again. 
 
 post' script 
 
 pre ma ture^ 
 
 pur sue' 
 
 re cess' 
 
 pos ter' i ty 
 
 pro ceed' 
 
 pur' pose 
 
 ref ' uge 
 
 pre cip' i tate 
 
 pro claim' 
 
 re deem' 
 
 re lieve' 
 
 pre fer' 
 
 pro rogue' 
 
 re fer' 
 
 re mis' sion 
 
 pre side' 
 
 pro test' 
 
 re form' 
 
 re port' 
 
 pre tend' 
 
 pro tract' 
 
 re lapse' 
 
 re pose' 
 
 prel' ate 
 
 pro ces' sion 
 
 re yeal' 
 
 re suit' 
 
 205, Names of Men. Written exercise. 
 
 Don' aid 
 
 Eg' berfc 
 
 Em man' u el 
 
 E' tban 
 
 Eb'en 
 
 E'li 
 
 E' nocb 
 
 Eu' gene 
 
 £b en e' zer 
 
 E ir bu 
 
 E' phra im 
 
 Eti se' bi us 
 
 Ed' gar 
 
 E li' as 
 
 E ras' mus 
 
 Eu' stace 
 
 Ed' mund 
 
 E ir jab 
 
 E ras' tus 
 
 Ev'an 
 
 Ed' ward 
 
 E li' sha 
 
 Er' nest 
 
 E ze' ki el 
 
 Ed' win 
 
 El' mer 
 
 E' s^u 
 
 Ez'ra 
 
 206, A lesson in distinguishing -words. 
 
 Opportunities are particular occasions. We may bave fre- 
 quent occasion to converse witli a person, without getting 
 an opportunity of speaking to bim on some particular sub- 
 ject. Fatigue is caused by labor ; weariness by travelling, 
 standing, or by being long subjected to what is disagree- 
 able. We allow tacitly ; we permit formally. 
 
Graiimar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 G7 
 
 207, Short e. 
 
 ex' em pla ry 
 Cf er i gi ble 
 nee' es sa ry 
 ef ' fi ca cy 
 pred' a to ry 
 ex' e era' ble 
 ered' it a ble 
 
 Spell and define. 
 
 des' pi ca ble 
 cf feet' u al 
 con temp' ti ble 
 f C dis pen' sa ry 
 re cep' ta cle 
 in tel' li gence 
 al i ment' al 
 
 ad o les' cence 
 res ur rec' tion 
 con va les' cent 
 ter res' tri al 
 sym met' ri cal 
 ex tem' po re 
 ir res' o lute 
 
 208, Retro, backwards. Se, aside; from. Sine, 
 sin, or sim, without. Sub, and its forms, under. 
 Super, above. Trans, across. Ultra, beyond. 
 
 ret' ro grade 
 
 sub' ject 
 
 sug gest' 
 
 sur yive' 
 
 se elude' 
 
 sub vert' 
 
 sup press' 
 
 trans port' 
 
 se lect' 
 
 sub' ju gate 
 
 sup port' 
 
 tran scribe' 
 
 sin cere' 
 
 sue ceed' 
 
 sus pect' 
 
 tran spire' 
 
 si' ne cure 
 
 sue cumb' 
 
 su per sede' 
 
 ul tra ma rine' 
 
 sim' pie 
 
 suf ' fer 
 
 sur mount' fjul tra mon' tane 
 
 209. Names of Men. " 
 
 Written exercise. 
 
 Fe' lix 
 
 Geof ' frey 
 
 Greg' ry 
 
 Her' bert 
 
 Fer' di nand 
 
 George 
 
 Grif ' fith 
 
 Her' man 
 
 Fer nan' do 
 
 Ger' aid 
 
 Gus ta' Yus 
 
 Hez e ki' ah 
 
 Fran' ^is 
 
 Gid' e on 
 
 Guy 
 
 Hi' ram 
 
 Frank' lin 
 
 Gil' bert 
 
 Ilan' i:ii bal 
 
 Hor' ace 
 
 Fred' er ic 
 
 Giles 
 
 Ilec' tor 
 
 Ho ra' ti o 
 
 Ga' bri el 
 
 God' frey 
 
 IlSn' ry 
 
 Ho se' a 
 
 210, A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Among is used in speaking of a large number ; between, 
 when two are concerned. A man is between his friends 
 when he has one on each side ; and he is among his friends 
 when he is surrounded by many. Besides introduces an nY 
 additional reason; moreover, a superfluous reason. We 
 obliterate in order to forget ; we abolish to destroy. 
 
68 GiiAiniAR School Speller akd Defixee. 
 
 211, The sound of e as in her, Speil and define. 
 
 per' me a ble 
 
 re yer' ber ate 
 
 sub ser' yi ent 
 
 ser' yice a ble 
 
 im per' ti nence 
 
 cur' so ri ly 
 
 ter' mi iia ble 
 
 mer' ee na rj 
 
 ad yer' si ty 
 
 (/fer' til iz er 
 
 al ter' na tiyc 
 
 ]pur' ga to ry 
 
 per' se cut or 
 
 con yert' i ble 
 
 an ni yer' sa ry 
 
 e mer' gen cy 
 
 pro yer' bi al 
 
 tac i turn' i ty 
 
 in ter' pret er 
 
 su per' la tiye 
 
 ad yer' tise ment 
 
 212, Greek prefixes. A, an, without ; not. 
 
 A byss',^ 
 
 a place without a bottom, 
 
 a deep pit. 
 
 Ap' a thy, 
 
 without feeling, 
 
 indifj[erence. 
 
 A' the ist, 
 
 a man without a God. 
 
 
 An' ar chy, 
 
 a society without a government, 
 
 confusion. 
 
 At' om, 
 
 something that cannot be cut, 
 
 a minute particle. 
 
 A inor' phous, 
 
 having no regular form, 
 
 shapeless. 
 
 A nom' a lous, 
 
 not similar, 
 
 irregular. 
 
 A non' y mous, 
 
 without a signature. 
 
 nameless. 
 
 213, Names of Men. Written exercise. 
 
 IIu' bert 
 
 I sa' iah Ja' son 
 
 Job 
 
 Hugh 
 
 Is' ra el Jas' per 
 
 Jo' el 
 
 Hum' phrey 
 
 ly' an Jef ' frey 
 
 John 
 
 loll' a bod 
 
 Ja' bez Jer e mi' 
 
 ah Jo' nail 
 
 Ig na' ti us 
 
 Ja' cob Jer' e my 
 
 Jo' nas 
 
 Tra 
 
 James Jer ome' 
 
 Jon' a than 
 
 I' saac 
 
 Ja' red Jes' se 
 
 Jo' seph 
 
 214. A lesson in distinguishing -words. 
 
 We abhor what is unpleasant to our feelings ; we detest 
 what is opposed to moral principles; we loathe what is 
 nauseous and disgusting. Enough satisfies wishes; suffi- 
 cient, needs. The miser may haye sufficient, but he neyer 
 has enough. Lifeless denotes the absence of life from bodies 
 capable of it; inanimate, from bodies incapable of it. A 
 lifeless corpse. The inanimate world. Dead is applied to 
 bodies, both capable and incapable of life. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer, GO 
 — ^ — 
 
 215. Long i. Spell and define, 
 
 (f ka lei' do scope sa ti' e ty vi' o lent Ij 
 
 re spir' a ble pro pri' e tor en tic' ing ly 
 
 re li' a ble a^ un siz' a ble im sight' li ness 
 
 an ni' hi late iin de cid' ed so ci' e ty 
 
 no to ri' e ty de cli' na ture e bri' e ty 
 
 as sign' a ble ad yer tis' er hi' e rar chy 
 
 ad yi' so ry su per yi' sor (/f bru' tal iz ing 
 
 216. Amphi, ambi, both. Ana, an, up and down; 
 back ; through, Anti, ant, against ; opposite. 
 
 Am phib' i ous, able to liye in two elements^ of a mixed nature. 
 Am bi dex' trous, using both hands equally well, double-dealing. 
 Am big' u ous, driying two ways, equiyocal. 
 
 A nal' y sis, a loosening up and down^ separation. 
 A nat' my, a cutting up thoroughly, dissection. 
 An tip' a thy, a feeling against any thing, repugnance. 
 
 An tith' e sis, opposition in words or sentiments, contrast. 
 
 217. Names of Men. Written exercise. 
 
 Josh' u a Lau' rence, or Li' nus Mai' a chi 
 
 Jo si' ah Law' rence Li' o nel Mark 
 
 Ju' li us Lem' u el Lo ren' zo Milr' tin 
 
 Jus' tin Leon' ard Lou' is Mat' thew 
 
 Ken' elm Le' o pold Lu' ci iis Mau' rice 
 
 Lam' bert Le' yi Luke Mi' cha e] 
 
 Lan' ce lot Lew' is Lu' tlier Miles 
 
 213. A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 We giye causes for effects ; reasons for opinions or actions. 
 Disposition is a settled state of mind^ resulting from consti- 
 . tution; temper is yariable, showing the effect of passions 
 and affections on the mind. Conviction implies certainty; 
 persimsion, probability. Conyiction is produced by argu- 
 ments addressed to the understanding; persuasion by argu- 
 ments addressed to the feelings as well as the understanding. 
 
70 GEA3niAR School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 219. Short i. Spell and define, 
 
 y^ mis' eel la ny pit' i a ble bel lig' er ent 
 
 fu pan e gyr' ic sar sa pa ril' la rec og ni' tion 
 
 in' ti ma cy ad mis' si bio con' sis to ry 
 
 ^rem i nis' ccnee Q^ i^ag na nim' i ty be a tif ic 
 
 so lir quy vi cis' si tude pre lim' i na ry 
 
 pre die' a ment con spir' a cy f/^si mil' i tude 
 
 de lir' i urn con sist' en cy ob liq' ui ty 
 
 220. Apo, from ; away, Cata, cat, do-wn ; under. 
 
 A poc' a Ij'pse, a taking a\v% the cover, a revelation. 
 
 A pol' gize, to reason aAvay a charge, to excuse. 
 
 A pos' ta sy, a revolting from, desertion. 
 
 A pos' tie, one sent forth, a messenger. 
 
 Cat' a logue, a counting down of names, a list ; a register. 
 
 Cat' a ract, a dashing down, a waterfall. 
 
 Ca tas' tro phe, the last turn downward, a calamity. 
 
 Cat' C Chism, a form of instruGtlon by means of questions and answers. 
 
 221. Names of Men, Written exercise. 
 
 Mo' ses 
 
 Nor' man 
 
 Ow' en 
 
 Ealph 
 
 !N"a' than 
 
 ba di' ah 
 
 Pat' rick 
 
 Eay' mond 
 
 ISTa than' i el 
 
 Oc ta' vi us 
 
 Paul 
 
 Eeg' i nald 
 
 ISTeal 
 
 Or i ver 
 
 Pe' ter 
 
 Eeu' ben 
 
 Nich' las 
 
 res' tes 
 
 Phi Ian' der 
 
 Eicli' ard 
 
 No' ah 
 
 Or Hn' do 
 
 Phil' ip 
 
 Eob' ert 
 
 No' el 
 
 Os' car 
 
 Quin' tin 
 
 Eod' er ic 
 
 222. A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Shame abashes; that which overcomes the powers of 
 thought and speech confounds; bashfulness and a variety 
 of emotions tend to confuse. Abettors propose, set on foot, 
 and encourage ; accessaries assist and further ; accomplices 
 take an active part. Men abjure a religion, recant an 
 opinion. A man may be sober, yet not temperate ; and 
 temperate, yet not abstemious. 
 
GRA3IMAR School Speller and Definer, 71 
 — ^ — 
 
 223. Long o. Spell and define. 
 
 a dor' a ble con trol' la ble la bo' ri ous 
 
 de plo' ra ble no' men elafc ure en co' mi uni 
 
 mo' men ta ry ^'^\ix o' ri oiis vir tu o' so 
 
 en lo' gi um cr ro' no ons in de co' rnm 
 
 com mo' di ous sac er do' tal me mo' ri al 
 
 cen so' ri ous col lo' qui al par si mo' ni ous 
 
 eu plio' ni ous mag no' li a mer i to' ri ous 
 
 224, Dia, through. En, em, in ; on, Epi, among, 
 
 Di ag' nal, a line through a figure from opposite corners. 
 Di am' e ter, a measure through the centre of any object. 
 En' er gy, inward power, vigor. 
 
 Em' pha sis, stress of the voice on a word, force of utterance. 
 Ephem'e ral,in existence for a day, short-lived. 
 
 Ep i dem' ic, among the people, contagious. 
 
 Ep' i taph, a writing upon a tombstone, an inscription. 
 E pit' me, a cutting upon the surface, an abridgment. 
 
 225, Names of Men. Written exercise. 
 
 Eog' cr Sil ves' ter The' o dore Val' en tine 
 
 Eo' land Si' mon The oph' i lus Vic' tor 
 
 Ru' fus Sol' o mon Thom' as (torn') Vin' cent 
 
 Sam' u el Ste' phen (-vn) Tim' o thy Wal' ter 
 
 Saul Syd'ney To bi' as Wil' liam 
 
 Se biis' tian Thad' de iis U lys' ses Zach a ri' ah 
 
 Si' las • The' o bald U ri' ah Zach' a ry 
 
 226. A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Equivocal language Jias two meanings, the speaker desir- 
 ing the hearer to accept it in one sense, while he is willing 
 to fall back on another if it suits his purpose. Ambiguous 
 language has apparently two meanings, the hearer being 
 unable to decide which is the correct one. Honest men 
 never employ equivocal expressions ; confused speakers 
 often use ambiguous ones without design. Austerity is 
 opposed to effeminacy; rigor, to clemency. 
 
72 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 227. Short o, 
 
 com' pa ra ble 
 tor er a ble 
 vol' un ta ry 
 lios' pi ta ble 
 au torn' a ton 
 c mol' u menfc 
 zo ol' gy 
 
 Spell and define, 
 
 ec o nom' ic 
 al le gor' ic 
 pre dom' i nant 
 mo not' o nous 
 con' tu ma cy 
 ///the od' o lifce 
 e qui noc' tial 
 
 i dol' a trous 
 prof li ga cy 
 prom' on to ry 
 com' pc ten cy 
 ba rom' e ter 
 //t in oc' u late 
 cor rob' o rate 
 
 228, Ex, ec, out. Hyper, above. Hypo, under. 
 
 Ex' dus, a going out, departure ; second book of Bible. 
 E clipse', a leaving out, obscuration ; darkness. 
 
 Ex' or else, to drive out evil spirits by oaths and ceremonies. 
 Hy per' bo le, a figure of speech magnifying beyond the truth. 
 Hy per bo' re an, beyond the north, far north ; very cold. 
 Hy poth' e sis, a placing under, a supposition ; a theory. 
 
 Hyp' Crite, one who keeps his real character under, a dissembler. 
 
 Hy' phen, a mark that brings two words under one. 
 
 229, Names of Women. 
 
 Written exercise. 
 
 Ab' i gail 
 
 Al mi' ra 
 
 Anne 
 
 Blanche 
 
 A' da 
 
 Am' a bel 
 
 Ar a bel' la 
 
 Bridg' et 
 
 Ad' e laide 
 
 A man' da 
 
 Au gus' ta 
 
 Ca mil' la 
 
 Ad' e line 
 
 A me' li a 
 
 Au re' li a 
 
 Car' line 
 
 Ag' a tha 
 
 A' my 
 
 Bar' ba ra 
 
 Catli' a rine 
 
 Ag' nes 
 
 An ge li' na 
 
 Be' a trice 
 
 Ce cil' i a 
 
 Ar ice 
 
 Ann, An' na 
 
 Ber' tha 
 
 Ge' li a 
 
 230, A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 A hypocrite feigns to be what he is not; a dissembler con- 
 ceals what he is. The former pretends to virtues ; the latter 
 conceals his vices. Immediately implies without the interpo- 
 sition of other occupations ; instantly, without any interven- 
 tion of time. An impertinent man meddles with what does 
 not belong to him; an impudent man behaves witliout de- 
 cency; an insolent man sliows no respect for rank or station. 
 
 ^/ 
 
Grammar School Speller and De finer, 73 
 — ^ — 
 
 231, Long u. Spell and define. 
 
 in cu' ra ble lux u' ri ance ex u' ber ant 
 
 re du' ei ble yI tu' per ate mer cu' ri al 
 
 un u' su al en thu' si asm /^/J^mi mi' ti ae 
 
 ju' di ea ture su' per a ble am bi gu' i ty 
 
 al lu' vi um an nu' i ty dim i nu' tion 
 
 gar ru' li ty el o cu' tion per spi cu' i ty 
 
 nu' ga to ry con ti nu' i ty sul phu' re ous 
 
 232, Meta, beyond ; after ; change. Para, side by- 
 side ; against. Peri, round. Syn, sym, together. 
 
 ^^Met amor' pho sis, change of form or shape, transformation. 
 
 Met a phys' ics, after (the study of) physicsi mental philosophy. 
 ( i^Par' al lei, running side by side, similar; equal. 
 
 Par' dy, lihe in form, but unlike in sense, burlesque. 
 
 Per i car' di um, a membrane round the heart. 
 (^1 Pe rim' e ter, a measure round a plane figure. 
 
 Sy nop' sis, a seeing together, a general view of the whole. 
 
 S3rm'metry, measuring the same with, proportion; harmony. 
 
 233, Names of Women. Written exercise. 
 
 Chiir'lotte De' li a £l' len Eii' nice 
 
 Chlo' e Do' ra El vi' ra E van' go line 
 
 Chris ti an' a Dor o the' a Em' e line E' va. Eve 
 
 Clar' a Dor' o thy Em' i ly Fe lie' i a 
 
 Clem en ti' na E' dith £m' ma Flo' ra 
 
 Cyn' thi a JEl' e a nor £s' tlier (-ter) Flor' ence 
 
 Deb' rah E liz' a beth Eu ge' ni a Fran' ces 
 
 234, A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Acceptance is the act of accepting; acceptation, the state 
 of being accepted. The acceptance of a gift ; the accepta- 
 tion or meaning of a word. Accident excludes the idea of 
 design, and event excludes the idea of chance. Whatever 
 happens, whether by chance or design, may be called an 
 incident. Men addict themselves to vicious habits; apply 
 themselves to business ; and dedicate themselves to religion. 
 
74 Grammar 
 
 235. Short u. 
 
 vul' ner a ble 
 an nun' ci ate 
 il lus' tri ous 
 in cum' ben cy 
 tu mult' u ous 
 ro tun' di ty 
 sunipt' u a ry 
 
 School Speller and Definer, 
 
 — ^— 
 Spell and define. 
 
 com bus' ti ble 
 ca lum' ni ate 
 re sus' ci tate 
 vo lupt' u a ry 
 pun' ish a ble 
 ag' ri cult ure 
 hor' ti cute ure 
 
 fiipul' mo na ry 
 a dul' ter ate 
 com pul' so ry 
 ef fron' te ry 
 tri um' vi rate 
 pro fun' di ty 
 de struct' i ble 
 
 2S5. An exercise in Greek prefixes. 
 
 rtdamant 
 rt;/2^Ai theatre 
 anohoYQt 
 «7^acllronism 
 
 antagonist 
 
 antidiOiQ 
 
 a-;?ostroplie 
 
 ^^lielion 
 
 m^<^combs 
 
 m^hedral 
 
 diagY2ircL 
 
 diocesQ 
 
 epidemic 
 
 encomium 
 
 e^ithusiast 
 
 embrjo i 
 
 einjyoYium. 
 epidevmis 
 epigYaia 
 epoch 
 
 hypercvitical 
 i^^hypotheii-asQ 
 nwtaiphov 
 
 ^^ metonymy 
 paradigm 
 paragrai^li 
 ^^encarp 
 perii^heYj 
 
 (^^^synonjmQ 
 syllsible 
 system 
 
 237. Names of Women, 
 
 Gen' e vieve Ho no' ra 
 I'da 
 I re' ne 
 Is' a bel 
 Jane 
 
 Jean nette' 
 Je mi' ma 
 
 Geor gi an' a 
 Ger' trude 
 Grace 
 Han' nail 
 liar' ri et 
 Her en 
 
 Written exercise. 
 
 Jo an' na Le o no' ra 
 
 Jo' se phine 
 Ju' dith 
 Ju' li a 
 Ju' li et 
 Kath' a rine 
 Ldu' ra 
 
 Lil' i an 
 Lil' ly 
 Lou i' sa 
 Lu cin' da 
 Lu ere' ti a 
 Lu' cy 
 
 238, A lesson in distinguishing words, 
 
 A person affirms wheil he declares solemnly ; he confirms 
 when he aids another to prove. An argument is confuted 
 by proving its fallacy; a charge is refuted by proving the 
 innocence of the accused. Punishment is inflicted to uphold 
 the laws and prevent crime ; chastisement, to reclaim the 
 offender. Compensation and remuneration are obligatory ; 
 reward and requital are optional or gratuitous. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 75" 
 
 239, Synonymous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Anglo-Saxon, 
 
 Latin. 
 
 free' dom 
 
 lib' er ty 
 
 help 
 
 as sist' ance 
 
 growth 
 
 in' crease 
 
 speed 
 
 ve loc' i ty 
 
 heav' en ly ce les' tial 
 
 AnglO'Saxon. Latin. Greek. 
 
 sad' ness de jec' tion mel' an chol y 
 
 king sov' qr eign mon' arcli 
 
 kind bonn' ti ful char' i ta ble 
 
 star' ry si de' re al as' tral 
 
 wild yi' sion a ry chi mer' i cal 
 
 depth 
 
 pro fun' di ty snarl' ing sa tir' ic cyn' i cal 
 
 240, An exercise in Anglo-Saxon suffixes. 
 
 beggar 
 
 trustee (Fr.) 
 
 Wkeness 
 
 pi])M7i 
 
 ■^nxiner 
 
 poet^i^s^er (Fr.) 
 
 tvuth 
 
 table^^ 
 
 iQ^mster 
 
 lioness (Fr, 
 
 
 
 giU 
 
 streamZe^ 
 
 lawyer 
 
 ImYdsJiijJ 
 
 
 thraldom 
 
 hillock' 
 
 mower 
 
 childJiood 
 
 
 bishopric; 
 
 lassie 
 
 drmikard 
 
 vassak^e (Fr.) 
 
 hailhuich 
 
 gambling 
 
 financier (Fr.) 
 
 foliage (Fr.) 
 
 girdZe 
 
 \estry 
 
 mountaineer (F 
 
 'r. ) im^Yiage 
 
 
 chicke^^ 
 
 baker?/ 
 
 241. Names o£ Women. 
 
 Written exercise. 
 
 Lyd' i a. 
 
 Ma til' da 
 
 Ka' 
 
 chel. 
 
 Stel' la 
 
 Ma' bel 
 
 Maud 
 
 Ee bee' ca 
 
 Su' san 
 
 Mad' ^ line 
 
 Mir' i am 
 
 Ro' 
 
 sa 
 
 The re' sa 
 
 Mar' ga ret 
 
 Nan' cy 
 
 Eos 
 
 ' a mond 
 
 IJr' su la 
 
 Ma ri' a 
 
 No' ra 
 
 Euth 
 
 Va le' ri a 
 
 Mar' i on 
 
 Pau ir na 
 
 Sa' 
 
 rah 
 
 Yic to' ri a 
 
 Mar' tha 
 
 Phe' be 
 
 Se: 
 
 li' na 
 
 Yir gin' i a 
 
 Ma' ry 
 
 Pris cil' la 
 
 So 
 
 phi' a 
 
 Win' i fred 
 
 242, A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Clearness relates to thoughts ; perspicuity, to the mode 
 of expressing them. Pretext conceals the motive, pretence N/ 
 the purpose, of an action. Men asperse their neighbors by 
 insinuations; detract, by undervaluing the motives of their 
 good deeds. Referees consider the law and the fact, and 
 decide according to their best judgment; judges must de- 
 cide as the law prescribes. 
 
76 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — 4- — 
 243. Synonymous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Anglo-Saxon, Latin. Anglo-Saxon, Latin. Greeh. 
 
 meat vict' uals speech laii' guage di' a lect 
 
 whole en tire' low' er de grade' de base' 
 
 sight vi' sion mad' ness insan'ity fren' zy 
 
 ha' tred ab hor' rence thrif ty f rii' gal ec o nom' i cal 
 
 out live' sur vive' make ere ate' gen' er ate 
 
 be gin' com mence' rude un civ' il im po lite' 
 
 244, An exercise in Anglo-Saxon suffixes. 
 
 wood^/i 
 
 \xksome 
 
 imiiost 
 
 kind?^ 
 
 bloody 
 
 Vf^like 
 
 sotte7i 
 
 homeward 
 
 wanderm/7 
 
 hoorish 
 
 ^nish 
 
 crosswise 
 
 cloud6(i, ben^ 
 
 eiister7t 
 
 dmggle 
 
 lengthivays 
 
 forsak6y^ 
 
 homeless 
 
 ^Ytilkest 
 
 southerly 
 
 wondei/i^? 
 
 smallest 
 
 goeth 
 
 workm^ 
 
 245, An exercise in derivative words 
 
 !. 
 
 Model : Art, arts, artfu 
 
 I, artfully, artfulness, artist, artistic. 
 
 inartistic, artis- 
 
 tical, artistically, 
 
 artless, artlessly, , 
 
 artlessness. 
 
 
 crime head 
 
 ascend 
 
 transit 
 
 emigrate 
 
 phrase laugh 
 
 absorb 
 
 glory 
 
 sentiment 
 
 press force 
 
 injure 
 
 repair 
 
 qualify 
 
 leaf move 
 
 obscure 
 
 measure 
 
 memory 
 
 friend search 
 
 preserve 
 
 ordain 
 
 domestic 
 
 fraud voice 
 
 reproach 
 
 spirit 
 
 parallel 
 
 uri^e doubt 
 
 reverse 
 
 exhaust 
 
 evansrel 
 
 246. A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Adhesion of bodies ; adherence to principle. Vie admonish 
 for wliat is past ; advise, counsel, and warn, with respect to 
 the future. A man of information hr.3 much knowledge ; a 
 man of intelligence has understanding as well as knowledge. 
 Authority to compel ; influence to persuade. Avarice and 
 penuriousness keep v/hat is gained by covetousness and 
 cupidity. Motion denotes the act, movement tlie manner, 
 of moving. Design and purpose look toward the end; 
 scheme and plan, to the means. 
 
GRA3IMAR School Speller and Definer, 77 
 — 4- — 
 247, Synonymous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Anglo-Saxon. Latin. Anglo-Saxon. Latin. Greek. 
 
 riches oj)' u lence curse mal e die' tion a natli' e ma 
 
 fear ter' ror way mode metli' od 
 
 wa' ter y a' que ous mad' man lu' na tic ma' ni ac 
 
 read' a ble leg' i ble foe oppo'nent antag'oiiist 
 
 lone'liness sol' i tiide sight sjiec' ta cle pan ora'ma 
 dwell' ing res' i deuce wise pru' dent pol' i tic 
 
 248. An 
 
 attend^^^ 
 preside;^^ 
 
 isLYOvite 
 
 lihYMimi 
 
 diYtne 
 
 missive 
 
 adyersary 
 
 exercise m 
 
 actor 
 
 g[utio?i 
 
 execairix 
 
 czavrna 
 
 herome 
 
 YigUance 
 
 constancy 
 
 existence 
 
 Latin suffixes. 
 
 agenc;z/ 
 
 conspir^c'^ 
 
 animatmi 
 
 com-pletmi 
 
 demolitio7i 
 
 teYolution 
 
 ssilx at io?i 
 
 exT)tir\sion 
 
 justice 
 
 publici^ 
 
 ioYtitude 
 
 (icnmo7iy 
 
 crenttire 
 
 achievem^^^^ 
 
 factor?/ 
 
 njy'ucry 
 
 249. An exercise in derivative words. 
 
 sick 
 
 fruit 
 
 blue 
 
 A^ex 
 
 judge 
 
 found 
 
 seem 
 
 Yillain 
 
 vital 
 
 tranquil 
 
 local 
 
 solemn 
 
 fertile 
 
 real 
 
 equal 
 
 humble 
 
 social 
 
 tragic 
 
 moment 
 
 vision 
 
 access 
 
 resist 
 
 excel 
 
 define 
 
 distil 
 
 propel 
 
 recur 
 
 create 
 
 character 
 
 intellect 
 
 origin 
 
 mystery 
 
 opinion 
 
 precipice 
 
 telegraj)h 
 
 250. A lesson in distinguishing -words. 
 
 Constancy is voluntary; firmness is natural stability. 
 Works are completed; wishes are consummated. Penetra- 
 tion to perceive and understand; sagacity to discern and 
 to avoid being imposed upon. Audacity, impudence, and 
 effrontery are used in a bad sense; hardiness, hardihood, 
 and boldness, hi a good or bad sense ; intrepidity, in a good 
 sense. Things are destroyed by being dispelled, and scat- 
 tered by being dispersed. We exculpate ourselves ; we ex- 
 onerate others. 
 
78 
 
 Gram^iau School Speller and De finer. 
 
 251, Synonymous words, 
 
 Anglo-Saxon. Latin. Anglo-Sojxon. 
 
 shock con cus' sion tale 
 
 east' eni o ri ent' al burn 
 
 want ne ces' si ty stress 
 
 sweat per spi ra' tion say' ing 
 
 heidit elcYa'tion blot 
 
 Written exercise. 
 
 Latin. 
 
 Greek. 
 
 nov' el 
 
 sto' ry 
 
 cor rode' 
 
 can' ter ize 
 
 ac' cent 
 
 em'pliasis 
 
 prov' erb 
 
 apli' rism 
 
 re proacli' 
 
 stig' ma 
 
 worth mer'it 
 
 loath' some disgust' ing nau'seous 
 
 252. An exercise in Latin suffixes. 
 
 remove? 
 
 ^Qnate 
 
 animalc^^Ze 
 
 \\hel 
 
 iwbQYcle 
 
 Yeraciti/ 
 
 fewcity 
 ■pvitresce7ice 
 
 jny enile 
 
 republic^^?. 
 
 hummie 
 
 serpentine 
 
 congukr 
 
 salut«/7y 
 
 prefatory 
 
 donna7it 
 
 liendent 
 
 passioni7i<3 
 
 dis&ohite 
 
 toTYtcl 
 
 cohesive 
 
 tYSioeahle 
 
 edible 
 
 dangero?^.9 
 
 CYMstaceotcs 
 
 inigimcious 
 
 superior 
 
 extreme 
 
 coiiY a\esce7ii 
 
 sopori/^j 
 
 iriindide7it 
 
 terminate 
 
 forti/)/ 
 
 acquiesce 
 
 253, An exercise in derivative words. 
 
 help 
 
 love 
 
 prime 
 
 shape 
 
 globe 
 
 front 
 
 nation 
 
 symbol 
 
 author 
 
 method 
 
 navy 
 
 pontiff 
 
 succeed 
 
 transgress 
 
 edit 
 
 surprise 
 
 permit 
 
 attend 
 
 decide 
 
 despair 
 
 diffuse 
 
 dissolve 
 
 languish 
 
 persuade 
 
 correspond 
 
 represent 
 
 speculate 
 
 constitute 
 
 educate 
 
 rectify 
 
 254. A lesson in distinguishing words. 
 
 Grace may be a natural gift ; elegance implies high culti- 
 vation by training and art. A convert is more sincere than 
 a proselyte. A felony is a heinous crime ; a misdemeanor 
 is a slight offence. Obscurity is the reverse of brightness 
 or clearness; darkness, of light: darkness is, therefore, a 
 stronger term than obscurity. We hinder what is unfin- 
 ished, and prevent what is not begun. Death is the familiar 
 term ; decease is formal ; demise, ceremonious. 
 
Grammar School Spellujr and Deftner. 79 
 — 4- — 
 
 255, Synonymous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Anglo- Sa/xon. Latin, Anglo-Saxon. Latin. 
 
 dai' ly di ur' nal pith' y con cise' 
 
 bold' ness au dac' i ty pain suf f er ing 
 
 blood' y san' gui na ry hid' den ob scure' 
 
 hal' low con' se crate book vol' ume 
 
 wa' ver flue' tu ate law' ful le' gal 
 rash' ness te mer' i ty 
 
 mirth' ful di vert' ing 
 
 Greek. 
 
 la con' io- 
 
 ag'ony 
 
 mys te' ri ous 
 
 tome 
 
 ca non' i cal 
 
 com' ic 
 
 256. An exercise in Greek suffixes. 
 
 anchored 
 
 herm^Y 
 
 anchoriV(3 
 
 theori^^ 
 
 sophi5^ 
 
 despotism 
 
 X)olit?/ 
 
 stenography 
 
 logic 
 
 music 
 
 optics 
 
 paralysis 
 
 synthesis 
 
 palsi/ 
 
 hypocrisy 
 
 centre 
 
 spheroiV7 
 
 rhomboid 
 
 papacy 
 
 cuvacy 
 
 257. An exercise in derivative words. 
 
 line fossil pretence continue 
 
 talk ruby transport determine 
 
 priest figure vary solicit 
 
 sign contempt compress recommend 
 
 grief deceive corrupt sanctify 
 
 err respect dispense extinguish 
 
 please substance elect 
 
 penetrate 
 
 asterisk 
 
 obelisk 
 
 dogmatic 
 
 apostolic 
 
 demoniac 
 
 liarmoni^JC 
 
 critic /sc 
 
 heritage 
 
 terminate. 
 
 electric 
 
 rational 
 
 secular 
 
 authentic 
 
 reconcile 
 
 258, An exercise in distinguishing words. 
 
 Resolution is opposed to doubt; decision, to hesitation. 
 Degrade respects the external rank; disgrace, the moral 
 character. Countenance is the form and expression of the 
 face ; it is affected by the feelings, and is therefore change- 
 able : face is the work of nature and remains the same. 
 Deplore is a stronger term than lament. Opinion relates 
 to the thinking faculties or the understanding ; sentiment, 
 to feelings as well as the understanding. Revolt differs 
 from defection by implying previous forced servitude. 
 
80 Grammar School Speller and Defiker, 
 
 -J- 
 
 259, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Crev' ice, a fissure ; a small opening ; a cleft ; a cliink. 
 
 A byss', a bottomless depth ; a gulf ; an immeasurable space. 
 
 Co erce', to restrain by force ; to compel. 
 
 Bui' bous, containing bulbs ; bulb-like in shape ; protuberant. 
 
 Gro tesque', oddly formed ; fanciful ; fantastic ; unnatural. 
 
 Ad' age, a proverb ; an old saying ; an aphorism. 
 
 blige', to constrain by physical or moral force ; to please. 
 
 Con' duit, a water-pipe ; a canal. 
 
 Lus' cious, sweet to excess ; delicious ; pleasing to the taste. 
 
 Cau' tious, wary ; prudent ; watchful ; discreet ; yigilant, 
 
 260. Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 
 A' cer, a' cris, sharp; acerb' us, bitter; a' cuo, aeu'tum, 
 
 to sharpen ; (ac, acr, acerb, acu, acut). 
 
 Acescent, acetic, acetify, acetose, acetous, acid, acidity, 
 acidulate, acrid, acrimonious, acrimony, acerbity, exacerbate, 
 acute, acumen, acuminate, eager, eagerness, vinegar. 
 Adu'lor, adula'tus, to flatter; (adul, adulat). 
 
 Adulation, adulatory, adulator. 
 M' quus, equal, even ; (aequ). 
 
 Equal, equality, equation, equable, equanimity, equator, 
 equatorial, equiform, equilateral, equilibrium, equinoctial, 
 equipoise, equivalent, equivocal, equivocate, equity, equi- 
 table, equitably, iniquity, iniquitous, adequate, inadequacy. 
 
 261. Geographical names. 
 
 Massachu' setts 
 I' owa 
 
 Pennsylva' nia 
 Connect' icut 
 Or' egon 
 
 New Hamp' shire 
 Tex' as 
 
 Ehode Isl' and 
 Wyo' ming 
 Flor' ida 
 
 Virgin' ia 
 I' daho 
 Alaba' ma 
 Califor' nia 
 Mich' igan 
 Wiscon' sin 
 Tennessee' 
 Ma' ryland 
 ISTeva' da 
 Minneso' ta 
 
 Louisia' na 
 Illinois' 
 Dako' ta 
 Colora' do 
 Arizo' na 
 Arkan' sas 
 Ken tuck' y 
 Kan' sas 
 Geor' gia 
 Maine 
 
 U'tah 
 
 New Mex' ico 
 Mississip' pi 
 Missou' ri 
 Vermont' 
 Indian' a 
 Monta' na 
 Del' aware 
 Nebras' ka 
 Alas' ka 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — 4* — 
 
 81 
 
 262. Miscellaneous vrords. Written exercise. 
 
 Prestige', illusion; cliarm; influence created by past success. 
 
 Fran' chise, a privilege vested in individuals. 
 
 Cap' tious, disposed to find fault ; hard to please ; insidious. 
 
 Nau' seous, causing disgust ; loathsome. 
 
 Lei' sure, freedom from occupation or employment. 
 
 Sel' vage, the edge of cloth so woven as to prevent ravelling. 
 
 Ob lique', deviating from the perpendicular ; slanting. 
 
 Flac' cid, weak and soft ; drooping ; flabby. 
 
 Gan' grene, the first stage of mortification of human flesh. 
 
 Rou tine', the ordinary, beaten way; regular course of business. 
 
 263, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 A' ger, a' gri, a field ; (agr). 
 
 Agrarian, agrarianism, agriculture, agricultural, agricul- 
 turist, peregrinate, peregrinations, pilgrim, pilgrimage. 
 A' go, ac' tum, to act ; to drive ; (ag, act). 
 
 Agent, agency, act, active, activity, actor, action, actuary, 
 actuate, counteract, counteraction, enact, enactment, exact, 
 exaction, overact, react, reaction, transaction, agile, agility, 
 agitate, agitation, cogent, cogency, coagulate, cogitate, cogi- 
 tation, exigent, exigency, manage, manageable, management 
 navigate, navigable, circumnavigate, prodigal, prodigality. 
 Al' bus, white ; (alb). 
 
 Albion, albino, album, albumen, albuminous. 
 
 264, Geographical names. 
 
 Low' ell 
 Milwau' kee 
 U' tica 
 Pat' erson 
 Worces' ter 
 Cam' bridge 
 Indianap' olis 
 Law' rence 
 Eoch' ester 
 Al' leghany 
 
 Lou' isville 
 Eead'ing 
 Syr' acuse . 
 Pitts' burg 
 Detroit' 
 Cleve' land 
 Cincinna' ti 
 Chica' go 
 Dubuque' 
 Bal' timore 
 
 Philadel' phia 
 Brook' lyn 
 Hobo^ ken 
 Montpel' ier 
 Poughkeep' sic 
 Ea' leigli 
 Savan' nah 
 Natch' ez ^. 
 Ter' re Haute 
 Ohattanoo' ga 
 
 Sague' nay 
 Niag' ara 
 Schuyl' kill - 
 Kennebec' 
 Sioux 
 
 Ei' Gran' de 
 Monongahe' la 
 Antie' tarn 
 Ches' a peake 
 Hat' teras 
 
82 GuA3[MAn School Speller and Dkfixee. 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 265, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 Pre' ciiict, a boundary ; a territorial division. 
 
 Pon' iard, a small pointed weapon for stabbing ; a dagger. 
 
 Poig' nant, sharp ; piercing ; severe ; keen ; acrid. 
 
 Ifum' skull, a dunce ; a simpleton ; an idiot. 
 
 Hei' nous, very wicked ; atrocious ; flagrant ; aggravated. 
 
 Plain' tiff, one who begins a lawsuit. 
 
 Al lege', to assert ; to declare ; to plead as an excuse. 
 
 Dis lodge', to drive from a place of rest or hiding. 
 
 ftuo' tient, the result obtained in division. 
 
 Sched' ule, a record ; a draft ; an official list or inventory. 
 
 266, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 A' lius, another; (ali). 
 
 Alias, alibi, alien, alienate, alienation, inalienable. 
 A' lo, I nourish ; ales' eo, I grow ; (al, alesc). 
 
 Aliment, alimental, alimentary, alimony, almoner, alms, 
 coalesce, coalescent, coalescence, coalition, coalitionist. 
 Al'ter, another ; alter' nus, one after another; (alter). 
 
 Alter, unalterable, alternate, alternative, subaltern. 
 Ar tusj high ; (alt). 
 
 Altar, altitude, alt, alto, altisonant, exalt, exaltation. 
 A' mo, ama' turn, love; ami' cus, a friend ; (am, amat, amic). 
 
 Amour, amorous, enamour, amatory, amateur, amiable, 
 amiably, amiability, amicable, amicably, amity, enemy. 
 
 267, Geographical names. 
 
 Aberdeen' 
 Cher sea 
 El Dora' do 
 Sabine' 
 One' ga 
 Madrid' 
 Ghauts 
 Chimbora' zo 
 Bayonne' 
 Himalav' a 
 
 Jala' pa 
 Nantes 
 Dnie' per 
 Dnies' ter 
 Garonne' 
 Gey' sers 
 Eontainebleau' ^ 
 Bow' doin 
 Kerg' uelen 
 Mauch-Chunk' 
 
 Guern' sey 
 Pernambu' co 
 Poto' si 
 Shenando' ah 
 U' trecht 
 Ozark' 
 Trafalgar' 
 Ron' en 
 Yosem' i to 
 War' wick 
 
 Guayaquil' 
 Elboorz' 
 Ecuador' 
 Cuz' CO 
 Bordeaux' 
 Fond du Lac 
 Loire 
 Pueb' la 
 Yokoha' ma 
 Poset' ta 
 
GiiAMMAu School Speller and De finer. 
 
 83 
 
 268, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Sur' feit, to feed to satiety and sickness ; to cloy. 
 
 Ee scind', to cut off ; to abrogate, as a law ; to cancel. 
 
 Lan' guor, faintness ; lassitude ; debility ; dulness. 
 
 Ba salt', a volcanic rock occurring in columnar masses. 
 
 Gyp' sum, a mineral composed of sulphate of 1-ime. 
 
 Stel' lar, relating to a star ; astral ; starry. 
 
 Vir lain, a vile or base person ; a scoundrel ; a scamp. 
 
 Ca tarrh', a cold in the head.- 
 
 Vis' cid, glutinous ; sticky ; covered with adhesive juice. 
 
 Vi' clous, corrupt in principles and conduct ; depraved. 
 
 269. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 An' go, anx' um, to choke ; to vex ; (ang, anx). 
 
 Anguish, anger, angry, angrily, anxiety, anxiously. 
 An' gulus, a corner ; (angul). 
 
 Angle, angular, angularity, equiangular, multangular, 
 quadrangle, rectangle, triangle, triangular. 
 An' ima, the soul ; life ; an' Imus, the mind ; (anim). 
 
 Animate, animated, animation, inanimate, reanimate, 
 animal, animalcule, animadvert, animadversion, animosity, 
 animus, equanimity, magnanimous, magnanimity, pusillani- 
 mous, pusillanimity, unanimous, unanimously, unanimity. 
 An'nus, a year; (ann). 
 
 Annals, annual, annuity, anniversary, perennial, 
 
 270, Geographical names. 
 
 Eheims 
 
 A' ere 
 
 Leip' sic 
 
 Quir' inal 
 
 Tampi' co 
 
 Artois' 
 
 Ben Ne' vis 
 
 Guardafui' 
 
 N"ue' ces 
 
 Bermu' das 
 
 Qui' ]oa 
 
 Ajac' cio 
 
 Lip' ari 
 
 Oara' cas 
 
 Ku' rile 
 
 Finisterrc' 
 
 Honolu' lu 
 
 Ten' eriffo 
 
 Sora' ta 
 
 I^ep' issing 
 
 Lofo' den 
 
 Fernandi' na 
 
 Vien' na 
 
 Hawai' 1 
 
 Mai' aga 
 
 Demera' ra 
 
 N"yas' sa 
 
 Pompe' ii 
 
 Ononda' ga 
 
 La Guay' ra 
 
 Fczzan' 
 
 Soissons" 
 
 Said' 
 
 Hoi' stein 
 
 Cat' tegafc 
 
 Muscatine' 
 
 Li'ma 
 
 Rys'wick 
 
 Eux' ine 
 
 Yaiig-tse-kiang' 
 
84 Geammak School Speller and Defiker. 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 271. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Wharf age, the fee paid for the use of a wharf. 
 
 Symp' torn, a change showing the state of health or disease. 
 
 Scis' sors, a cutting instrument, resembling shears. 
 
 Sue einet', short ; concise ; summary ; laconic ; condensed. 
 
 Far chion, a broad sword with a slightly curved point. 
 
 Far eon, a bird trained to the pursuit of game ; a hawk. * 
 
 Pom' mel, a knob on a sword or saddle. 
 
 Ca priee', a sudden change of opinion ; a whim ; a fancy. 
 
 Cere' ment, cloth smeared with wax used in embalming. 
 
 272, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Anti^ quus, old, ancient ; (antiqu). 
 
 Antiquary, antiquarian, antiquated, antiquity, ancient. 
 Appel' Id, appella' tum, to call by name ; (appall). 
 
 Appeal, appellant, appellation, appellative, repealable. 
 Ap'to, apta'tum, to fit; (apt). 
 
 Apt, aptitude, adapt, adept, inept, ineptitude, attitude. 
 A' qua, water ; (aqu). 
 
 Aquatic, aqueous, aqueduct, aquarium, aqua-fortis, aqua- 
 marina, aqua-regina, terraqueous, Aquarius. 
 Ar' biter, a judge; (arbitr). 
 
 Arbiter, arbitration, arbitrament, arbitrary, arbitrarily^ 
 Ar' bor, a tree ; (arbor). Arbor, arborescent, arboriculture. 
 
 273, Geographical names, 
 
 Aconca' gua 
 Dardanelles' 
 Alep' po 
 Sa' CO 
 Zanzibar' 
 Wir na 
 Bahi' a 
 IJper' navik 
 Swan' sea 
 Su' ez 
 
 Wool' wich 
 
 Behr' ing 
 
 Heb' rides 
 
 Trieste' 
 
 Labrador' 
 
 Bilox' i 
 
 Auvergne' 
 
 Pad' ua 
 
 Anti' gua 
 
 Dron' theim 
 
 Madras' 
 
 Dwi' na 
 
 Vincennes' 
 
 Chev' iot 
 
 St. Croix 
 
 Grana' da 
 
 Liege 
 
 Messi' na 
 
 Juniat' a 
 
 Ataca' ma 
 
 Ke' okuk 
 
 Cayu' ga 
 
 Popoca' tepetl 
 
 Angouleme' 
 
 Guin' ea 
 
 Com' orin 
 
 Plaquemine' 
 
 Valparai' so 
 
 Llan' OS 
 
 Mech' lin 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer. 85 
 
 -*- 
 
 274. Miscellaneous words. Written exercii 
 
 Vign' ette, a small picture not enclosed in a be 
 Phthis' ic, a disease resembling asthma. 
 due' ry, a question ; an inquiry ; an interrogatory. 
 Tab lean', a picture ; a vivid representation. [ness. 
 
 ftuo' rum, a number of members competent to transact busi- 
 V^ Biv' ouac, an encampment without tents. 
 
 Scab' bard, the sheath or case of a sword or dagger. 
 Ba zaar', a place for the sale of goods ; a market-place. 
 Bi zarre', odd in manner or appearance ; fantastic. 
 V^ Fe' brile, relating to, partaking of, or indicating, fever. 
 
 275, Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 ^ Ar' ma, weapons ; (arm). 
 
 Arms, armor, armorer, armory, armorial, army, arma- 
 ment, armada, armadillo, armistice, unarm, disarm, alarm. 
 Ars, ar'tis, art ; skill ; (art). 
 
 Art, artful, artless, artlessness, artifice, artificer, artificial, 
 artificially, artist, artisan, artistic, inert, inertly, inertness, 
 inertia, artillery. 
 ^ Ar'tus, a joint ; artic' ulus, a little joint ; (art, articul). 
 
 Article, articulate, inarticulate, articulated, articulation. 
 As' per, rough ; harsh ; (asper). 
 
 Asperate, asperity, exasperate, exasperated, exasperation. 
 A' trox, atro' cis, fierce ; (atroc). Atrocious, atrocity. 
 
 276. Geographical names. 
 
 Itas' ca 
 Fauquier' 
 Eat' isbon 
 Dieppe' 
 Chillicoth' e 
 Hei' delberg 
 Hondu' ras 
 Metz 
 Benin' 
 io 
 
 Macomb' 
 Lycom' ing 
 Yakootsk' 
 Xe' nia 
 Wilkes' barre 
 Singapore' 
 Schenec' tady 
 Ardennes' 
 Cayenne' 
 Gen' oa 
 
 Cuen' ca 
 Cor' dova 
 Dus' seldorf 
 Fee' jee 
 Oco' nee 
 Ei' Janei 
 Titica' ca 
 0' maha 
 Mo' cha 
 ISTeufchdter 
 
 ro 
 
 Lein' ster 
 Saha' ra 
 Eens' selaer 
 Sono' ra 
 Ed' inburgh 
 Chowan' 
 Campeach' y 
 Illima' ni 
 Kana' wha 
 Qui' to 
 
86 Grammar School Speller and Definer^ 
 
 ■^- 
 
 211, Miscellaneous -words. Written exercise. 
 
 De spair', entire loss of hope ; despondence ; desperation. 
 Os'trich, a large bird haying wings furnished with plumes. 
 Mon' eyed, rich in money ; able to command money. 
 He ceipt', reception ; a recipe ; a written acknowledgment. 
 Be siege', to invest with an armed force ; to attack. 
 Sci' ence, knowledge methodically arranged and digested. 
 Pu' mice, a light, porous, volcanic substance used for polishing. 
 Prai' rie, a large tract, bare of trees^ and covered with grass. 
 Tongue' y, talkative ; loquacious. 
 ^^ Pha' lanx, a close, compact body of men. 
 
 278. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Au'dio, audi'tum, to hear; (audi, audit). 
 
 Audible, inaudible, audibly, audience, audit, auditor, 
 obey (pleivy Fr., to listen to), obedience, disobedience, 
 obedient, obeisance. 
 '^ Au'ris, the ear; (aur). Aurist, auricle, auricular. 
 Au' geo, auc' tum, to increase ; (aug, auct). 
 
 Auction, auctioneer, augment, augmentation, author, 
 authoress, authorship, authority, authoritative, authorize, 
 unauthorized, autumn, autumnal, auxiliary. 
 ^ Av' is, a bird ; au^ gur, au' spex, a soothsayer ; (av, au). 
 
 Aviary, augur, augury, inaugurated, inaugural, auspices, 
 auspicious, auspiciously, inauspicious. 
 
 279. Geographical names. 
 
 Cohoes' 
 Inns' pruck 
 Mager Ian 
 Onei' da 
 Oris' kany 
 Tiv' oli 
 Pyr' enees 
 Mont Cenis' 
 Cotopax' i 
 Youghioghe' ny 
 
 Pe' ipus 
 
 Ilenlo' pen 
 
 Toulon' 
 
 Toulouse' 
 
 Thames 
 
 More' a 
 
 Mendoci' no 
 
 Para' 
 
 San' gamon 
 
 Schohar' ie 
 
 Machi' as 
 Itli' aca 
 Tallahas' see 
 Tangier' 
 Su' ere 
 Sa' mos 
 Pi'sa 
 Matan' zas 
 Manito' ba 
 Jol' iet 
 
 Guatema' la 
 Bologn' a 
 Ghent 
 Aleu' tian 
 Bogota' 
 Green' wich 
 A pa' che 
 Cal' ais 
 Cher' bourg 
 Guia' na 
 
Geammae School Speller and Definee. 
 
 — 4- — 
 
 87 
 
 280. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Pa' tient, a person under medical treatment. 
 
 An' cient, old ; of great age ; antiquated ; antique ; past. 
 
 Ores' cent, the figure of the moon in her first quarter. 
 
 Gui tar', a stringed instrument of music. 
 
 Pla card', a printed paper posted in a public place. . 
 
 Fos' sil, petrified remains of animals or plants. 
 
 Doc' lie, able to learn ; disposed to be taught ; teachable. 
 
 Ear '-ring, a jewel or ornament worn in the ear. 
 
 Coarse' ness, roughness; inelegance; want of refinement. 
 
 Lunch' eon, a slight meal between breakfast and dinner. 
 
 281, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Bar' barus, uncivilized ; (barbar). 
 
 Barbarian, barbaric, barbarism, barbarity, barbarous. 
 Bel' lum, war ; (bell). 
 
 Bellicose, belligerent, reb' el, rebel', rebellion, rebellious. 
 Bel' lus, elegant ; (bell). 
 
 Belle, belles-lettres, embellish, beau, beauty, beau-monde. 
 Bi' bo, bib' itum, to drink ; (bib). 
 
 Bib, wine-bibber, bibacious, bibulous, imbibe, beverage. 
 Bo' nus, good; be' ne, well ; (bon, ben). 
 
 Bonus, boon, bounty, bounteous, bountiful, benediction, 
 benison, benefactor, benefactress, benefice, beneficent, bene-, 
 ficence, beneficial, benefit, benevolent, benevolence. 
 
 282, Geographical names. 
 
 Abyssin' ia Balear' ic 
 Frei' burg 
 
 Valladolid' 
 Jung' frau 
 Ap' ennines 
 Nicara' gua 
 St. Etienne' 
 Saltill' o 
 Chat' ham 
 N"ga' mi 
 
 Nismes 
 Galapa' gos 
 Yazoo' 
 Carlscro' na 
 Bai' kal 
 Okhotsk' 
 Ferra' ra 
 Soil' ly 
 Katah' din 
 
 Cey' Ion 
 Tyr' ol 
 Hainan' 
 Zu' rich 
 La Fourche 
 Cau' casus 
 Popayan' 
 Gas' cony 
 Tehuan' tepee 
 Lausanne' 
 
 Uruguay' 
 Mar' mora 
 Da' rien 
 Marseilles' 
 F berville 
 Antilles' 
 Madei' ra 
 San Die' go* 
 Ear' itan 
 Hay' ti 
 
88 Geam3[ar School Speller and Definek, 
 
 — Hh — 
 283, Miscellaneous -words. Written exercise. 
 
 Co logne', an aromatized alcohol, used for the toilet. 
 
 Li' chen, a cellular, flowerless plant, growing on stones, etc. 
 
 Nox' ious, 23roducing evil consequences ; pernicious. 
 
 Cal cine', to reduce to powder or ashes ; to oxidize. 
 
 Prem' ier, the prime minister of England. 
 
 Gla' mour, the supposed influence of a charm on the eye. 
 
 Gor' mand, a greedy eater ; a luxurious feeder ; an epicure. 
 
 Cym' bal, two brass plates used as a musical instrument. 
 
 Pro' gramme, a brief outline of a public entertainment. 
 
 Ex' tant, standing out to view ; still existing. 
 
 284. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Bi' ni, two by two ; bis, twice ; (bin, bis, bi). 
 
 Binary, binate, binocular, bifurcate, bipartite, combine, 
 combination, biennial, billion, biped, bivalve, binomial, 
 binoxide, bisect, bigamy, bigamist, bissextile, biscuit. 
 Bo'reas, the north wind; (bore). 
 
 Boreas, boreal, hyperborean, aurora-borealis. 
 Brach' ium, the arm ; (brachi). 
 
 Brachial, brace, braces, bracing, bracelet, bracket, embrace. 
 Bre' vis, short ; (brev). 
 
 Breve, brevet, brevity, abbreviate, brief, breviary, abridge. 
 Bru' tus, insensible ; (brut). 
 
 Brute, brutal, brutality, brutalizing, brutish, brutishness. 
 
 285. Geographical names. 
 
 Balize^ 
 Ca' diz 
 Formo' sa 
 Kalamazoo' 
 Var dai 
 0' den so 
 Coli' ma 
 Thib' et 
 Pavi' a 
 Eacine' 
 
 Arequi' pa 
 Bucharest' 
 Cas' pian 
 Oise 
 
 MgQ' an 
 Taun' ton 
 Rangoon' 
 Dou' ay 
 Cheyenne' 
 Port Mahon' 
 
 Car' diff 
 Panama' 
 Besan 9on' 
 Khi' va 
 Cov' entry 
 Annap' olis 
 Mercede' 
 Godav' cry 
 Ei'odelNor' 
 Cel' ebes 
 
 to 
 
 Killar' ney 
 Tahi' ti 
 Crime' a 
 Mos' cow 
 Guapo' re 
 Chihua' hua 
 Beau' fort 
 Sum a' tra 
 Erzgebir' ge 
 San Jose 
 
Gjiammae School Speller and Definer, 
 — 4* — 
 
 89 
 
 286. Miscellaneous -words. Written exercise. 
 
 Ar raign', to accuse ; to bring before a tribunal ; to censure. 
 
 Thor' ough, perfect ; full ; complete ; entire ; finished. 
 
 Gas' trie, belonging to the stomach. 
 
 De scent', progress dowji wards ; extraction. 
 
 As suage', to soften ; to soothe ; to mitigate ; to allay. 
 
 Con' scions, having the power of knowing one's own thoughts. 
 
 Etch' ing, a method of engraving by means of acids. 
 
 Lan dan', a carriage, the top of which may be thrown back. 
 
 Tin scathed', not hurt ; uninjured ; unharmed. 
 
 Tres' tie, a framework to support scaffolds, etc. 
 
 287. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Cabal' lus, a horse; cavallo (It.) ; cheval (Fr.) 
 
 Cavalcade, cavalry, cavalier, cavalierly, chivalry. 
 Ca' do, ca' sum, in comp. ci' do, to fall ; (cad, cas, cid). 
 
 Cadence, cascade, case, casual, casually, casuist, casuistry, 
 chance, perchance, accident, accidental, coincide, coincident, 
 coincidence, decay, decadence, deciduous, incident, inci- 
 dental, occasion, occasionally, Occident, occidental. 
 Cse' do, in comp. ci' do, ci' sum, to cut ; to kill ; (cid, cis). 
 Concise, conciseness, decide, decision, decisive, excise, 
 incision, incisive, incisor, precise, precision, fratricide, homi- 
 cide, infanticide, parricide, regicide, suicide, uxoricide. 
 \ Ca' lor, heat ; (cal). Calefy, calid, caloric, caldron, scald. 
 
 288. Geographical names. 
 
 Major' ca 
 Ja' pan 
 Bos' phorus 
 Fa' roe 
 Tasma' nia 
 Alcan' tara 
 Mel' bourne 
 Tor' res 
 Cleves 
 Yenise' i 
 
 Gironde' 
 Tchad 
 Marque' sas 
 Don' gola 
 Khartoom' 
 Teheran' 
 Bat' on Eouge 
 Mauri' tins 
 Hoang' ho 
 Tif lis 
 
 Lupa' ta 
 M' phon 
 Bret' on 
 Seychelles' 
 Agul' has 
 Del' hi 
 Chaudiere' 
 Kon' igsberg 
 Armagh' 
 Benin' 
 
 Acapul' CO 
 Duluth' 
 Malabar' 
 La Crosse 
 Bengue' la 
 Osh' kosh 
 Caribbe' an 
 Gal' way 
 Ni' ger 
 Natchitoch' es 
 
90 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 289. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Group' ing, bringing together in a cluster. 
 
 Bruis' ing, the act of crushing or injuring by a blow. 
 
 Por' trait, an exact likeness of an individual or of a face. 
 
 Ar' chives, public records and papers. 
 
 Per suade', to influence or prevail upon, by argument. 
 
 Pur suit', chase ; pursuance ; prosecution ; employment. 
 
 Bou quet', a bunch of flowers ; a nosegay. 
 
 Cro quet', a kind of game played on a grass-plot. 
 
 Meer' schaum, Avhite clay, consisting of magnesia and silica. 
 
 Fur crum, the support on which a lever rests ; a prop. 
 
 290. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Calum' nia, slander ; (calumni). 
 
 Calumny, calumniate, calumniation, calumniator. 
 Calx, cal' cis, limestone ; cal' cuius, a pebble ; (calc). 
 
 Calx, calcium, chalk, calcareous, calcine, calculate, cal- 
 culable, incalculable, miscalculate, calculation, calculus. 
 Cam' pus, an open field; (camp). 
 
 Camp, encampment, decampment, campaign, champion. 
 Cancer li, cross-bars ; lattice; (cancell). 
 
 Cancel, cancellation, chancel, chancellorship, chancery. 
 Can' dec, I shine ; I am white ; incen' do, I kindle ; (cand, 
 cend, cens). Candid, candor, candidate, candle^, chandler, 
 chandelier, incense, censer, incandescent, incendiary. 
 
 291. Distinguished persons. Dictation exercise. 
 
 Joseph Addison, essayist. Mark Akenside, poet and phy- 
 sician. John Quincy Adams, president. Samuel Adams 
 of Massachusetts, patriot. Alexander the Great, king of 
 Macedonia. Lord Amherst, general. Audubon's Birds of 
 A7mnca. Lord Bacon, essayist. Blackstone's Commenta- 
 ries, Kapoleon Bonaparte was born in Ajaccio, Corsica. 
 Beethoven, musical composer. Mrs. Browning, poetess. 
 Campbell's Gertrude of Wyoming. Geoffrey Chaucer, the 
 ''f^ather of English poetry." Samuel Taylor Coleridge, 
 poet and philosopher. Richard Crashaw, priest and poet. 
 
Grammar School Speller axd De finer. 91 
 
 292, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Vict' uals, food prepared for liuman beings ; proyisions. 
 
 Nup' tials, the ceremony of marriage ; wedding. 
 
 Li' cense, authority to do or forbear any act ; freedom to excess. 
 
 Ab' sence, a being absent ; carelessness ; inattention. 
 
 Ab' scess, a tumor filled with purulent matter. 
 
 Bur lesque', a ludicrous representation or contrast. : 
 
 Es chew', to flee from ; to avoid ; to shun. 
 
 Sub' tie, sly ; artful ; cunning ; crafty ; wily ; keen. 
 
 Sub' tile, thin ; rare ; fine ; delicate ; sharp ; acute. 
 
 Chir' rup, to chirp ; to cheer up ; to encourage. 
 
 293, Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Ca'no, can'tum, to sing; (cant). 
 
 Cant, canticle, canto, cantata, chant, chanticleer, enchant, 
 enchantress, enchantment, descant, incantation, recant, re- 
 cantation, decant, decanter, accent, accentuate, precentor. 
 Ca'pio, cap'tum, to take ; (cap, capt, and cep, cept). 
 
 Capable, caj^ability, incapable, capacious, capacity, in- 
 capacitate, capsule, capsular, caption, capture, captious, 
 captivity, captivate, accept, acceptable, acceptance, anti- 
 cipate, conceive, conception, preconceive, conceit, deceive, 
 deception, emancipate, except, incipient, intercept, muni- 
 cipal, occupy, preoccupation, i:)articipate, participle, per- 
 ceive, precejot, preceptor, prince, principal, receive, receipt. 
 
 294, Distinguished persons. Dictation exercise. 
 
 Chateaubriand's Genius of Christianity. Earl of Chat- 
 ham, statesman. Henry Clay, statesman. Lord Corn- 
 wallis, general. Correggio's Asstim^Jtion of the Blessed 
 Virgin. Cherubini, composer of sacred music. James 
 Fenimorc Cooper, novelist. Lord Byron, poet. Sebastian 
 Cabot, navigator. John C. Calhoun, statesman. Cecil 
 Calvert, second Lord Baltimore. Edmund Campion, S.J., 
 martyr. Antony Can ova, sculptor. Charles Carroll of 
 Carrollton. William C'axton, the earliest English j)rintcr. 
 Samuel de Champlain. Maria Eclgeworth, novelist. 
 
92 Grammar School Speller and De finer, 
 
 — ♦ — 
 
 295, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Nui' sance, that which annoys or gives trouble. 
 
 Neu' ter, not of either gender ; not on either side. 
 
 Gnash' ing, striking the teeth together, as in anger or pain. 
 
 Me lee', a confused hand-to-hand figlit ; an affray. 
 
 Guer' don, a rcAvard; a recompense; remuneration; requital. 
 
 Mi rage', an optical illusion, caused by the unequal refraction 
 
 of the air, by which remote objects appear to be double. 
 Ha rangue', a declamatory public speech ; a popular oration. 
 Col lapse', a falling together of the sides of a vessel. 
 Syr' inge, an instrument for injecting liquids. 
 Ca' dence, a general modulation of the voice in sj)eaking. 
 
 296, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Ca' put, ca' pitis, the head ; (capit). 
 
 Cap, cape, capital, capitation, capitulate, caj)tain, chaplct, 
 chapter, decapitate, occipital, precipice, recapitulation. 
 Ca' ro, car' nis, flesh ; (earn). 
 
 Carnag3, carnal, carnation, carnelian, carnival (farewell to 
 flesh), carnivorous, carrion, charnel, incarnate, incarnation. 
 Car'rus, a wagon; carpen' tuni, a chariot; (carr, carpent). 
 
 Carry, carriage, car, cargo, carpenter, chariot, caricature. 
 Cas' tigo, I punish ; (eastig). 
 
 Castigate, castigation, chasten, chastise, chastisement. 
 Cau' sa, a cause ; (cans, cus). 
 
 Cause, accuse, accusation, accusative, excuse, recusant. 
 
 297, Distinguished persons. Dictation exercise. 
 
 Cervantes, author of Don Quixote, Christopher Colum- 
 bus, the discoverer of America. Sir Humphry Davy, che- 
 mist. Stephen Decatur, naval commander. Paul Delaroche, 
 painter. St. Dominic, founder of the Dominican Order. 
 Sir Francis Drake, navigator. Albert Diirer, painter and 
 engraver. Sir Charles Lock Eastlake, loainter and art- 
 critic. William Frederick Faber, D.D., priest and poet. 
 Benjamin Franklin, statesman and philosoi^her. Sir John 
 Franklin, Arctic explorer. Edward Gibbon, historian. 
 Oliver Goldsmith, poet and essayist. Ulysses S. Grant. 
 
GRAM3IAR School Speller and Definer. 93 
 — * — 
 
 298. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 Har' ass, to fatigue ; to weary with care or perplexity. 
 Hand' cuffs, fastenings for the wrists ; manacles. 
 
 Zeph' yr, the west wind ; a mild wind. 
 Leath' er, the skins of animals tanned for use. 
 Es' sence, the nature, substance, or being of anything. 
 Nas' cent, beginning to exist, grow, or be formed. 
 Glac' i er, a vast accumulation of snow and ice. 
 Lacq' uer, a varnish made of shellac and alcohol. 
 Fer' ule, an instrument of correction used in schools. 
 Fer' rule, a metal ring at the end of a stick. 
 
 299. Latin roots and Bnglish derivatives, 
 
 Ca' veo, cau' tum, to beware ; (caut). 
 
 Caution, cautionary, cautious, precaution, incautious. 
 Ca' vus, hollow ; (cav). 
 
 Cave, cavern, cavity, concave, excavation, cavil, cage. 
 Ce' do, ees' sum, to yield ; to go ; (ced, cess). 
 
 Cede, cessation, ceaseless, abscess, accede, accessible, 
 ancestor, antecedent, concede, decease, excess, intercede, 
 necessary, precede, proceed, recede, succeed, supersede. 
 Can' sec, I enroll ; I judge ; (cans). 
 
 Census, censor, censorship, censorious, censure, censurable. 
 Can' trum, the middle point ; (cantr). 
 
 Centre, centrifugal, centripetal, concentrate, concentric. 
 
 300. Distinguished persons. Dictation exercise. 
 
 Thomas Gainsborough, landscape and portrait j)ainter. 
 Godfrey of Bouillon, chief of the First Crusade. Gregory 
 YII., pope. Hallam's Constitutional History of England, 
 Alexander Hamilton, soldier and statesman. Ilanders 
 Messiah, Warren Hastings, first governor-general of India. 
 Sir John Hawkins, naval commander, l^athaniel Haw- 
 thorne, novelist. Joseph Haydn, musical composer. Sir 
 William Herschel, astronomer. William Hogarth, painter. 
 Henry Hudson, navigator. Eichard Hildreth, historian. 
 Washinofton Irvina', historical writer. 
 
94 GRA3IMA11 School Speller and Definek. 
 
 ■ — •^ — 
 
 301, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Griev' ance, a wrong suffered ; hardsLip ; injury. 
 
 Lin' guist, one versed or skilled in languages. 
 
 Strych' nine, an inodorous, bitter, yegetable jooison. 
 
 ftui nine', a drug obtained from the bark of the cinchona. 
 
 Diph' thong, the union of two yowels in one syllabic. 
 
 Loath' some, exciting disgust ; sickening ; offensive. 
 
 Pas' chal, j)ertaining to Easter. 
 
 Sau' sage, a roll of seasoned mince-meat, enclosed in a skin. 
 
 Bowl' der, a large stone rounded by the action of water. 
 
 Bonr geois', a kind of j)rinting type ; (this type). 
 
 302, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Cen'tum, a hundred; (cent). 
 
 Cent, century, centennial, centipede, centurion, per cent. 
 Ce'ra, wax ; (cer). 
 
 Cere, cerement, cerumen, cerate, sincere, insincerity. 
 Car' no, ere' tum, to sift ;. to see ; to judge; (corn, cret). 
 
 Concern, decree, discern, discreet, discriminate, secrete. 
 Car' tus, sure ; (cart). 
 
 Certain, certainty, certify, certificate, certitude, ascertain, 
 jChar' ta, a paper ; (chart). 
 
 Chart, charter, cartel, cartoon, cartridge, card, discard. 
 Cir'cus, a circle; a ring; (eirc). 
 ^ Circle, encircle, circus, circulate, circuit, circuitous, search. 
 
 303, Distinguished persons. Dictation exercise, 
 
 Andrew Jackson, president of the United States. Thomas 
 Jefferson, writer of the Declaration of Independence. Joan 
 of Arc^ the Maid of Orleans. Paul Jones, naval adventurer. 
 Humboldt's Kosmos, Lacordaire's Conferences. Marquis 
 de Lafayette, friend of "Washington. Abraham Lincoln, 
 president. John Lingard, Catholic historian of England. 
 St. Ignatius Loyola, founder of the Society of Jesus. John 
 Landseer, a distinguished engraver. Lord Macaulay, histo- 
 rian and critic. Maria Theresa, queen of Hungary. ]\Tarie 
 Antoinette, queen of France. Mary, Queen of Scots. 
 
Gmammau School Speller axd Definer. 95 
 — * — 
 
 304, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Re source', that oii which one depends ; an expedient. 
 
 Pierc' ing, penetrating ; affecting ; sharp ; keen ; severe. 
 
 Puncli' eon, a large cask or measure for liquids. 
 
 Im pugn', to contradict ; to attack by words or arguments. 
 
 Ca shier', one who has charge of money. 
 
 Ve neer', to overlay with thin pieces of wood for decoration. 
 
 Scour' ing, cleansing or brightening a vessel by friction. 
 
 Scourg' ing, whipping with severity. 
 
 Cha grill', mortification ; vexation ; ill-humor. 
 
 Me moir', a memorial account ; a biography ; a journal. 
 
 305, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Ci'to, cita'tum, to summon; (cit, citat). 
 
 Cite, excitement, incite, recite, recitation, resuscitate. 
 Cf vis, a citizen ; (civ). 
 
 Civil, civic, civilian, civilization, city, citizen, citadel. 
 Cla' m.o, clama' tum, to cry ; (clam, clamat). 
 
 Claim, clamor, acclamation, declaim, disclaim, proclaim. 
 Cla^rus, clear ; (clar). 
 
 Clarify, clear, claret, clarion, clearance, declare, declaration. 
 Clau' do, clau' sum, in com2L clu' do, to shut ; (claus, clud). 
 
 Clause, cloister, close, conclude, exclude, include, seclude. 
 Co' lo, cul' tum, to till ; (col, cult). 
 
 Colony, cultivation, culture, agriculturist, horticulture. 
 
 306, Distinguished persons. Dictation exercise. 
 
 Milton's Paradise Lost, Milner's End of Controversy, 
 Thomas Moore, poet. Thomas More, Lord Chancellor 
 of England. Murillo, a Spanish painter. Lord Xelson, 
 naval commander. Sir Isaac ISTewton, astronomer. Daniel 
 O'Connell, orator and patriot. Francisco PizalTO, conqueror 
 of Peru. Edgar Allen Poe, poet and sensational writer. 
 Alexander Pope, poet. William H. Prescott, historian. 
 Legends and Lyrics, by Adelaide Anne Procter. Pugin's 
 Gothic Architecture. Jean Eacine, a French dramatist. 
 Sir AYalter Ealeigh, statesman and warrior. 
 
96 GRA3LMAR SCHOOL SfELLER AND De FINER. 
 
 ^ 
 
 307. Miscellaneous w^ords. Written exercise, 
 
 Bir ious, consisting of, or caused by, bile. 
 
 Biir lards, a game played with balls and cues on a table. 
 
 Spe' cial, particular ; peculiar; uncommon. 
 
 Con' science, the sense of right and wrong; the moral sense. 
 
 Cui rass', a breast-plate ; a piece of defensive armor. 
 
 Wain' scot, the wooden lining on the inner surface of a w^all. 
 
 Tur quoise', a gem of a peculiar bluish-green color. 
 
 Mort' gage, to make liable for th« payment of a debt. 
 
 Ath' lete, a wrestler ; one who strives for the mastery. 
 
 Yacht' ing, sailing in a yacht ; relating to yachts. 
 
 308. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Cor, cor' dis, the heart ; (cord). 
 
 Core, cordial, accord, concord, discord, record, courage. 
 Cor' pus, cor' poris, a body ; (corpor). 
 
 Corporal, corporeal, corporate, corporation, incorporate, 
 corj)s, corpse, corpulent, corpuscle, corselet, corset;. 
 Cre'do, cre'ditum, to believe; (cred, credit). 
 
 Creed, credence, credential, credible, incredible, credit, 
 credulous, credulity, accredit, discredit, miscreant, recreant. 
 Cre'o, crea'tum, to create; (ere, creat). 
 
 Creator, create, creation, procreate, recreate, recreation. 
 Cres' CO, ere' turn, to grow ; (cresc, cret). 
 
 Crescent, concrete, excrescence, increase, accrue, recruit. 
 
 309. Distinguished persons. Dictation exercise, 
 
 Eaphael's Madonjia and Child with St. John. Cardinal 
 Eichelieu, prime minister of France under Louis XIII 
 Eobertson's History of America. Eollin's Ancient History, 
 Eubens' Descent from the Cross. Schiller's Poetical Worhs. 
 Sir Walter Scott, poet and novelist. Eichard Brinsley Slier 
 idan, statesman, wit, and dramatist. William Shakspeare. 
 dramatist. Shelley's Poetical Worhs. Eobert Southey, poet. 
 Jared Sparks, biographer. William Makepeace Thackeray 
 novelist. Albert Thorwaldsen, sculptor. Alfred Tennyson 
 poet laureate. Zachary Taylor, president. 
 
Gra^imar School Speller and Definer, 97 
 — ^ — 
 
 310, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Loz' enge, a rhomb ; a small cake of candy. 
 
 Naph' tha, a mineral oil, composed of carbon and hydrogen. 
 
 Sar' casm, a keen, reproachful, and scornful expression. 
 
 Cen' sure, to find fault with ; to reprove ; to reprehend. 
 
 Wher' ry, a light passenger boat used in a harbor. 
 
 Tor' por, numbness ; inability to move. 
 
 Hie' cough, a convulsiye cough or sob. 
 
 Tran' sient, momentary ; not lasting ; fleeting ; temporary. 
 
 Squal' id, covered or filled with dirt ; filthy ; nasty. 
 
 Pal' lid, pale ; whitish ; wan ; not high colored. 
 
 311, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Cri' men, cri' minis, a fault ; (crimin). 
 
 Crime, criminal, criminality, criminate, recrimination. 
 Crux, cru' cis, a cross ; (cruc). 
 
 Crucial, crucifixion, cruise, crusade, cross, excruciating. 
 Cu' bo or cum' bo, cub' itum, to lie down ;" (cub, cumb). 
 
 Incubation, incubus, incumbent, recumbent, succumb. 
 Cu'ra, care; secu'rus, safe; (cur, secur). 
 
 Cure, curate, curacy, curious, curiosity, accurate, accu- 
 racy, secure, security, sure, assure, assurance, insurance. 
 Cur' ro, cur' sum, to run ; (eurr). 
 
 Current, cursory, corsair, courier, course, concourse, dis- 
 course, excursion, incur, occur, precursor, recourse, succor. 
 
 312, Distinguished persons. Dictation exercise. 
 
 Joseph Turner, landscape painter. Sir Anthony Van- 
 dyke, portrait painter. John Euskin, A.M., art-critic. St. 
 Vincent de Paul, philanthropist. George Washington, first 
 president of the United States. Daniel Webster, orator and 
 statesman. Koali Webster, LL.D., lexicographer. Duke 
 of Wellington, military commander. Stephen Van Eenssc- 
 laer, LL.D., American statesman. James Watt, inyentor. 
 James Thomson, poet. William Wordsworth, poet. An- 
 thony TroUope, novelist. Anthony Wayne, Revolutionary 
 general. Martin Van Burcn, president.. 
 
\ 
 
 '98 GRA3niAR School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — ►^ — 
 
 313. Miscellaneous "words. Written exercise. 
 
 Bar lot, anything used in giving a secret vote. 
 
 Mat' tress, a quilted bed, stuifed with a soft material. 
 
 Mat' rass, a chemical vessel. 
 
 Seal' lop, a marine shell-fish ; a notch ; an indentation. 
 
 Tu reen', a deep table-vessel for soup. 
 
 Gar rote', to strangle with an iron collar. 
 
 Sut' lire, the act of closing the li^os of a wound by sewing. 
 
 Ob' verse, the image face of a coin or medal. 
 
 Sug gest', to hint ; to intimate ; to allude to ; to insinuate. 
 
 Cog nac', a kind of French brandy. 
 
 314. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Dam' num, loss ; injury ; (damn). 
 
 Damn, damage, danger, dangerous, condemn, indemnity. 
 De'beo, deb'itum, to owe ; (deb, debit). 
 
 Debenture, debit, debt, due, dutiful, duteous, endeavor. 
 Do' cem, ten ; (deeem). 
 
 December, decimal, decimate, decemvirate, duodecimo. 
 Dens, den'tis, a tooth; (dent). 
 
 Dent, dentist, indent, indenture, dandelion, trident. 
 De' us, Di' vus, God ; (de, div). 
 
 Deity, deify, deist, dire, direful, divine, divinity, adieu. 
 Di'co, dica'tum, to set apart ; to devote; (die, dicat). 
 
 Abdicate, dedicate, indicate, index, iiredicate, x^redicament. 
 
 315. Noted names of fiction. 
 
 John Gilpin. Mr. Wilkins Micawber. Arthur Pendennis. 
 Simon Pure. Uncle Toby. Meg Merrilies. Uriah Ileep. 
 Tristram Shandy. Mrs. Partington. Lemuel Gulliver. 
 Sir Charles Marlow. Davy Jones. Marquis of Carabas. 
 Jane Eyre. Ichabod Crane. Long Tom Coffin. Mrs. 
 Gamp. Sir Leicester Dedlock. Gil Bias. Harvey Birch. 
 Sir Eoger de Coverley. Barkis. Diedrich Knickerbocker. 
 Humphry Clinker. Sancho Panza. Samuel Weller. Joe 
 Gargery. Miss Tabitha Bramble. Sampson Brass. Coun- 
 sellor Pleydcll. Captain Sentry. Mark Tapley. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer, 99 
 — ^ — 
 
 316, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Gran' denr, dignity ; splendor of appearance ; magnificence. 
 
 Syn' tax, a putting together ; the construction of sentences. 
 
 Fill fir, to accomplish ; to perform ; to complete. 
 
 Ec' logue, a pastoral ]3oem ; an idyl. 
 
 Sur' plice, a linen yestment worn by clergymen. 
 
 Gang' ing, the art of measuring the contents of casks. 
 
 Ab scond', to secrete one's self; to hide ; to steal away. 
 
 Brough' aii^, a small four-wheeled carriage. 
 
 Ac cept', to receive kindly ; to take as offered ; to admit. 
 
 Ex cept', to exclude*; to reject; to object. 
 
 317, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Di'co, dic'tum, to say; (die, diet). 
 
 Dictate, diction, dictionary, benediction, contradict, in- 
 dict, interdict, jurisdiction, predict, valedictory, verdict. 
 ^ Di' 63, a day ; diur' nus, daily ; (di, diurn). 
 
 Dial, diary, diurnal, journal, journey, adjourn, sojourn. 
 Dig' nus, worthy ; (dign). 
 
 Dignify, dignitary, dignity, indignant, deign, disdained. 
 Div' ido, divi' sum, to divide ; (divid, divis). 
 
 Divide, division, devise, device, individual, individuality. 
 Do, da' tum, in conip, di'tum, to give ; (d, dat, dit). 
 
 Add, addition, condition, date, data, edition, tradition, 
 extradition, donation, pardon, dose, dower, endowment. 
 
 318, Noted names of fiction. 
 
 Peregrine Pickle. Gammer Grethel. Aurora Leigh. 
 Dick Swiveller. Lady Teazle. Oliver Twist. Mrs. Ford. 
 Tom Bowling. Mrs. Margaret Caudle. Captain Cuttle. 
 John Doe and Kichard Eoe. Sir John Falstaff. Cinder- 
 ella. Mr. Pickwick. Mrs. Malaprop. Sir Charles Grandi- 
 son. Moses Primrose. Sir Giles Overreach. Mrs. Grundy. 
 Miss Miggs. Tam O'Shanter. Sir Joseph Backbite. Mrs. 
 Bard ell. Isaac Bickerstaff, Esquire, astrologer. Eobinson 
 Crusoe. Paul Clifford. Sir Fretful Plagiary. Pi'ester John. 
 Old Mortality. Sergeant Kite, 
 
100 GRA3IMAR School Speller and De finer, 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 319. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Pew' ter, an alloy of tin and lead, or of tin and zinc. 
 
 Na' sal, pertaining to the nose. 
 
 Dae' tyl, a iioetie foot of three syllables, as mer' ciful, 
 
 Py' thon, a genus of large serpents. 
 
 Pit' tance, a small allowance ; a little portion ; a trifle. 
 
 Fas cine', a bundle of rods used in strengthening ramparts. 
 
 Fac' ile, easy ; affable ; easily persuaded to good or bad. 
 
 Ber' rick, a machine for hoisting heavy weights. 
 
 Bal' ance, a pair of scales ; equipoise ; that which remains. 
 
 Ves' tige, a mark left behind in passing ; a footjirint. 
 
 320. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Do' ceo, doc' turn, to teach ; (doc, doct). 
 
 Docile, docility, doctor, doctrine, document, documentary. 
 Do'mus, a house ; do' minus, a lord; (dom, domin). 
 
 Dome, domestic, domain, domicile, dominate, dominion, 
 predominate, donna, madonna, madam, damsel, beldam. 
 Du' CO, due' tum, to lead ; dux, a leader ; (due, duct, dux). 
 
 Dake, ducal, ductile, abduct, conduct, deduct, educate, 
 induce, introduce, produce, reduce, seduce, traduce, viaduct. 
 Du' o, two; (du). 
 
 Dual, duel, dubious, duplicate, duplicity, double, doubt. 
 Du' rus, hard ; (dur). 
 
 Durable, durance, duration, endure, indurate, obdurate. 
 
 321. Distinguished preachers, theologians, etc. 
 
 St. Aloysius Gonzaga. St. Anselm, archbishop of Canter- 
 bury. St. Anthony of Padua. St. Thomas Aquinas. St. 
 Augustine, bishop of Hippo. Eev. James Lucian Balmes. 
 St. Thomas d Becket. The Venerable Bede. St. Benedict. 
 St. Bernard, abbot of Clairvaux. Rev. John Bollandus, S.J. 
 St. Boniface, apostle of Germany. St. Charles Borromeo, 
 cardinal, archbishop of Milan. Bossuet's Variations of the 
 Protestant Religion. Rev. Louis Bourdaloue, S.J. Butler's 
 Lives of the Saints, St. Cyprian. Archbishop Fenelon. 
 lEt. Rev. Jean Baptiste Massillon, bishop of Clermont. 
 
GEA3IMAR School Speller and Definer. 101 
 
 322, Miscellaneous -words, 
 
 . Spelliug,^ 
 
 Kaa^qh, 
 
 rat tan' 
 
 Yas' sal 
 
 guid' ^n.c9 " 
 
 a skauce' 
 
 whiz' zing 
 
 vi' clous 
 
 on' iOii , , ^ 
 
 . \ Ci;uin' .53 
 
 sup plant' 
 
 su perb' 
 
 se' ri es 
 
 mu' cus 
 
 pin' cers 
 
 sub' urb 
 
 spon' sor 
 
 bi' assed 
 
 im merse' 
 
 res' pite 
 
 crew' el 
 
 a thwart' 
 
 mar' tyred 
 
 mis' sile 
 
 gri mace' 
 
 ach' iug 
 
 hal' yards 
 
 sue cess' 
 
 gyv' ing 
 
 ban ian' 
 
 scliem' ing 
 
 as sess' 
 
 nes' ci ence 
 
 tac' it 
 
 war' rant 
 
 al lied' 
 
 pre' cious 
 
 tac' tics 
 
 waist' band 
 
 al' oes 
 
 astli' ma 
 
 ac crue' 
 
 323. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 E'brius, drunk; (ebri). So'brius (sine ebrius), sober. 
 
 Ebriety, inebriate, inebriety, inebriation, sober, sobriety. 
 E' mo, emp' turn, to buy ; to take ; (em, empt). 
 
 Exempt, peremptory, pre-emption, redemption, prompt, 
 Er'ro, erra'tum, to wander; (err, errat). 
 
 Err, errant, erratic, erratum, error, erroneous, aberration. 
 Es' se, to be ; ens, en' tis, being ; (ess, ent). 
 
 Essence, essential, interest, absent, present, represent. 
 Exa'men, a test; (examen). Examine, examination. 
 Exem' plum, an example ; (exempl). Example, exemplify. 
 Expe'rior, exper'tus, to try; (experi, expert). 
 
 Experience, experiment, exjoert, expertly, peril, perilous. 
 
 324. Distinguished preachers, theologians, etc. 
 
 Father Mathew, apostle of temperance. Cardinal Mazarin, 
 prime minister of Louis XIY. Cardinal Mezzofanti, an 
 eminent linguist. Eev. John Henry ISTewman, D.D. Pius 
 IX., pope. Archbishop Plunket. Cardinal Pole, archbishop 
 of Canterbury. St. Polycarp. Archbishop Spalding. Eev. 
 Paul Segneri, S.J. Eev. Eobert Southwell, S.J., martyr. 
 Sylvester II., pope. Urban II., pope. Cardinal Wiseman, 
 archbishop of Westminster. St. Francis Xavier, Jesuit 
 missionary. Cardinal Ximenes, archbishop of Toledo. 
 Most Eev. John Hughes, archbishop of New York. 
 
102 GUAMMAII SCIIOOT^ SPELLEii Ayi) De FIXER, 
 
 325, ^isGie^llaneoiis words. Written exercise. 
 
 Ser' vi tud'e, tlio ^t^itc or condition of a slave; bondage. 
 
 BL^m9ai)';or,:.beliy'yior; deportment; carriage; conduct. 
 
 bei' sance, a bow ; an act of civility, of reverence. 
 
 E ras' ure, act of erasing ; obliteration. 
 
 Or' ches tra, place for musicians ; a band of musicians. 
 y^ Gos' sip ing, chatting ; prating ; tattling. 
 yr Im plic' it, implied ; trusting to another without resei^ve. 
 w^ Ac qui esce', to agree to ; to submit quietl}^ 
 
 Coch' i neal, dried insects used as a red dye. 
 
 Tech' ni cal, belonging to a particular art or science. 
 
 326, liatin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Pa' ber, fa' bri, a workman ; (fabr). 
 
 Fabric, fabricate, fabricator, fabrication, forge, forgery. 
 • Fac' ies, the countenance ; (faci). 
 
 Face, facial, superficies, superficial, surface, fashion. 
 Pac' ilis, easy ; (facil) . 
 
 Facile, facility, facilitate, faculty, difficult, difficulty. 
 — * Pa' cio, fac' tum, to do ; to make ; (fac, fact, also fie, feet). 
 
 Fact, factor, factory, factotum, faction, factitious, fac- 
 simile, feasible, feat, feature, affect, affectation, benefice, 
 confection, counterfeit, defeat, indefeasible, defect, deficit, 
 deficient, effect, efficient, efficacy, forfeit, infection, manu- 
 facture, office, perfect, proficient, refectoiw, suffice, surfeit. 
 
 327, Words frequently mispronounced. 
 
 ab' a cus, not a bac' us. "^ a dept', not ad' ept. 
 
 ab do' men, not ab' do men. ad' jec tive, oiot ad jec' tive. 
 
 ab' ject ly, not ab ject' ly. ad'mirable, ^^o^admi'rable. 
 
 ab' la tive, not ab' el tive. ^ a dult', not ad' ult. 
 
 ab ste' mi bus, not ab stem'. a' e ra ted, not a' re a ted. 
 
 ac cli' mate, not ac' dim ate. a' e ro naut, not a er' o naut. 
 
 a cous' tics, kows, not koos. . a gain, gen, not gan. 
 
 a cross', not a kravfst'. "^ a gainst', genst, not ganst. 
 
 ad a man te' an, oiot man' te. a gape', not a gape'. 
 
 ad dress', not ad' dress. a' ged, not ajd. 
 
Grammar School Spkller axd Drfiner. 103 
 — ^ — 
 
 328, Miscellaneous ^words. Written exercise. 
 
 Cau' ter ize, to burn with acid^ or a hot iron. 
 En trea' ty, an earnest petition ; pressing solicitation. 
 In dis creet', imprudent ; inconsiderate ; injudicious. 
 Or' di nance, a law ; a decree ; a statute. 
 Ord' nance, a term applied to all sorts of great guns. 
 Fu' mi gate, to perfume, or purify by smoke or vapor. 
 Sed^ u lous, steadily industrious ; diligent ; assiduous. 
 • Pel lu' cid, clear ; transparent; translucent; limpid. 
 Au^ gu ry, an omen ; a sign ; a prediction. 
 Ap' thegm, an instructive remark ; a valuable maxim. 
 
 329, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Far lo, fal' sum, to deceive ; (fall, fals). 
 
 Fallible, fallacious, fail, false, failure, fault, defaulter. 
 ^ Falx, fal' cis, a sickle ; fal' co, a hawk ; (fale). 
 
 Falchion, falcon, falconry, defalcate, defalcation. 
 Fa' ma, a report ; (fam). 
 
 Fame, famous, infamy, infamous, defame, defamation. 
 Fa'num, a temple; (fan). 
 
 Fane, profane, profanity, fanatic, fanatical, fanaticism. 
 Fa'ri, fa'tus, to speak; fa'tum, destiny; fab'iila, a story; 
 
 (far, fat, fab). 
 
 Fate, affable, infant, nefarious, preface, fable. 
 Fa' teor, fas' sus, in com^p, fes' sus, to acknowledge ; (fess). 
 
 Confess, confessional, profess, professional, professor. 
 
 330, Words frequently mispronounced. 
 
 ag' gran dize, not ag gran'. al' mond, a' mund, not al. : 
 
 ag' lie, not a' glle. alms, amz, not almz. 
 
 aV a has ter, not al a bas' ter. al pac' a, not al a pac' a. 
 
 al bu' men, not al' bu men. al' pine, or pine, not pen. : 
 
 al' ge bra, not aV ge bra. a men' i ty, not a men' i ty. 
 
 al' ien, yen, not a' li en. an cho' a^, not an ko' vy. 
 
 al' i ment, not al' i ment. and, not an. 
 
 al' i mo ny, not al' mo ny. an ni' hi late, not an ni' late. 
 
 al lop' a thy, not al' lo path y. an oth' er, not a nuth' er. 
 
 al ly', not al' ly. an' swer, ser, not swer. 
 
-^ 
 
 104 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — 4* — 
 
 331, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Scru' ti nize, to search closely ; to pry into ; to investigate. 
 
 Sac' ri fice, to give up for the sake of something else. 
 
 Lav' en der, a plant of the mint family. 
 
 Ex ter' nal, outward ; outer ; exterior ; \isible. 
 
 Or' i son, a prayer ; a supplication. 
 
 E nun' ci ate, to declare ; to jDroclaim ; to announce. 
 
 Vi' ti ate, to deprive of virtue ; to deprave ; to taint. 
 
 Em pir' ic, a quack ; a pretended or ignorant physician. 
 
 Lin' i ment, a semi-fluid ointment. 
 
 Lin' e a ment, one of the lines v/hich mark the face. 
 
 332, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Fati'go, fatiga' turn, to weary; (fatig). 
 
 Fatigue, fatiguing, indefatigable, indefatigably, fagging. 
 Fat' uus, foolish ; (fatu). 
 
 Fatuity, infatuate, infatuated, infatuation, ignis-fatuus. 
 Pe' lix, fell' cis, happy ; (folic). 
 
 Felicitate, felicitous, felicity, felicitation, infelicity. 
 Fen' do, fen' sum, to keep off ; (fend, fens). 
 
 Fend, fender, fence, fencer, defence, offend, offensive. 
 Fe' ro, la' turn, to bear ; to carry ; (fer, lat). 
 
 Fertile, fertility, circumference, confer, conference, defer, 
 infer, inference, offer, prefer, preference, proffer, refer, re- 
 ference, suffer, insufferable, transfer, transferrible, translate. 
 
 333, Words frequently mispronounced. 
 
 an tip' o des, 7iot an' ti podes. a' re a, not a re' a. 
 
 an' y, en' y, oiot an' y. '"^ ar' id, not a' rid, nor i\! rid. 
 
 a' o rist, not a o' rist. ar ma' da, 7iot ar ma' da. 
 
 a pos' tie, a pos' si, not post, ar' te ry, not art' ry. 
 
 ap pa ra' tus, not ra' tus. ate, at, or et. 
 
 aq' ue duct, not a' que duct, at tacked', oiot attak' ted. 
 
 ar' a besque, not ar' a bask. aunt, ant, not ant. 
 
 Ar' a bic, not A ra' bic. au re' o la, oiot au re 5' la. 
 
 iir' chi tect, oiot arch' i tect. ay, or aye (yes), i, 7iot a. 
 
 arc' tic, not ar' tic. aye (always), a, 7iot i. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer. 105 
 — * — 
 
 334, Miscellaneous -words. Written exercise. 
 
 Di shev' elled, spread disorderly and loosely, as the hair. 
 Por' ce lain, a translucent species of earthenware ; china. 
 Re fur gence, a flood of light ; splendor ; brightness. 
 Re dun' dant, full to overflowing ; superfluous ; difluse. 
 Sen ten' tious, short and energetic ; yery expressive ; pithy. 
 Sib' i lant, hissing ; sounding like the letter s, 
 Mas quer ade', an entertainment in which persons are masked. 
 Res' i due, that which is left ; the remainder; the remnant. 
 Rev' e nue, income received from property, duties, etc. 
 Fie ti' tious, false ; not genuine ; invented; feigned. 
 
 335, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Far' veo, I am hot ; I glow ; fe' bris, a fever ; (ferv, febr). 
 
 Fervent, fervid, fermentation, effervesce, febrile, fever. 
 Fes' tus, joyful ; merry; (fest). 
 
 Feast, festival, festive, festivity, festoon, fete, infest. 
 Fi' des, faith ; fidu' cia, trust ; (fid, fiduc). 
 
 Fidelity, fiducial, fiduciary, affiance, affidavit, confide, 
 confidential, diffidence, fealty, infidelity, perfidy, fee, defy. 
 Fi'go, fix'um, to fix; to fasten ; (fix). 
 
 Fix, fixture, crucifixion, prefix, postfix, sufiix, transfix. 
 Fi'lius, a son; (fili). Filial, affiliate, affiliation. 
 Fi'lum, a thread ; (fil). 
 
 File, filacious, filament, filigree, defile, enfilade, profile. 
 
 336, Words dEjequently mispronounced, 
 
 bade, bad, oiot bade. bi' na ry, not bin^a ry. 
 
 balm, biim, not biim. bl og' ra phy, oiot bi og' ra phy. 
 bdr sam, oiot bal' sam. "^ bi tu' men, not bit' u men. 
 
 be cause', kawz, oiot kuz. black' guard, blag, not bliik. 
 
 bed' stead, not bed' stid. blas'phemous, ?^o^phe'mous. 
 
 been, bin, not ben. bhV tant, not blat' ant. 
 
 be gone', not be gawn'. bois' ter ous, not bois' trus. 
 
 be lieve', be lev', not bleve. bom bast', bum, not bom. 
 
 bel' lows, Ms, not loz. bou quet', not bo quet'. 
 
 " be troth', troth, Qiot troth. bow' sprit, not bow' sprit. 
 
106 GRA3UIAR School Sfellkr axd Definer. 
 
 337. Miscellaneous vrords. Written exercise, 
 
 Trai' tor ous, faithless ; guilty of treason ; peiTidioiis. 
 
 Cyn' i cal, snarling ; surly ; captious ; ill-natured. 
 
 Punc til; ious, precise ; nice ; \ery exact ; scrupulous. 
 
 Mar' tyr dom, voluntary submission to death for one's faith. 
 
 Har' ra tive, a story ; an account ; a narration. 
 
 Ju' "bi lant, rejoicing; uttering songs of triumph. ^ 
 
 Par' a mount, superior ; above all others ; supreme ; chief. 
 
 Vet' er an, an old soldier ; one old in experience. 
 
 Am' e thyst, a quartz crystal of a purple or violet color. 
 
 Ram' i fy, to separate into branches ; to branch. 
 
 338. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Fin' go, fie' turn, to form ; to feign ; (fing, fiet). 
 
 Feign, fiction, figure, figurative, configuration, disfigure. 
 Fi' nis, the end ; (fin). 
 
 Final, finish, finite, infinite, confines, define, definitive. 
 Fir' mus, strong ; stable; (firm). 
 
 Firm, firmament, aflarmative, confirm, infirm, infirmary. 
 Fis' cus, a money-bag ; (fise). 
 
 Fisc, fiscal, confiscate, confiscation, confiscatory. 
 Fla'gro, I burn ; (flagr). 
 
 Flagrant, flagrancy, conflagration, deflagration. 
 'Flam' ma, a stream of fire ; (flamm). 
 
 Flame, flambeau, flamingo, inflammable, inflammation. 
 
 339. Words frequently mispronounced, 
 
 bra va' do, oiot bra vii' do. ca' di, ka di, not ka' di. 
 
 breth' ren, oiot breth' er en. cal' dron, kawl, not kal. 
 
 brig' and, not bri gand'. ciilf, kaf, not kaf. 
 
 bro' mide, not bro' mide. Cal li' o pe, not Cal li 6' pe. 
 
 bro' mine, not bro' mine. ciilm, kam, oiot kam. 
 
 bron chi' tis, 7iot bron ke' tis. ca lor' ic, not cal' o ric. 
 
 bul' wark, not bul' wark. ca mel' o pard, not lep' ard. 
 
 Bur' gun dy, not Bur gun' dy. cam' ph9r, not cam' fir. 
 
 biis' tie, bus' si, not bus' tl. can, kan, not ken. 
 
 Byz' an tine, not Byz an' tin. ca nine', not ca' nine. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer, 107 
 — ^ — 
 
 340, Miscellaneous words. Written eiiercise. 
 
 An' ar chist, one who promotes confusion or disorder. 
 Leth' ar gy, an unnatural drowsiness ; torpor ; dulness. 
 Vas' sal age, dependence ; political servitude ; slavery. 
 Pro spec' tus, tlie outline or plan of a proposed work. 
 Neb' u lous, cloudy ; liazy ; resembling a nebula. 
 Gov' et ous, eager for gain ; greedy ; avaricious. 
 Sep' a rate, to part ; to divide ; to set apart ; to remove. 
 Tran scen'dent, preeminent; passing the bounds of knowledge. 
 Com plai sant', seeking to please by exterior manners ; polite. 
 Com pla' cent, civil ; mild ; affable ; easy. 
 
 341, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 ■^ Flee' to, flex' um, to bend ; (fleet, flex). 
 
 Flexible, circumflex, deflect, inflect, inflection, reflect. 
 Fli' go, flie' tum, to beat ; to strike ; (flig, fliet). 
 
 Afflict, affliction, conflict, inflict, infliction, profligate. 
 Flo, fla' tum, to blow ; (flat). 
 
 Flatulence, flatulency, flatulent, afflatus, inflate, inflation. 
 Flos, flo'ris, a flower; (flor). 
 
 Flora, floral, floriculture, florid, florist, Florence, florin, 
 efflorescent, efflorescence, flour, flourish, flower, floweret. 
 Flu' o, flux' um, to flow ; (flu, flux). 
 
 Fluen t, fluid, flux, fluctuation, flue, confluent, effluent, 
 effluvia, influence, influx, mellifluent, reflux, superfluous. 
 
 342, Words frequently mispronounced. 
 
 car' bine, not ciir' bene. clia lyb' e ate, ka lib' e ate. 
 
 '"^ ca' ret, ka 'ret, not kar' et. cha' 6s, ka' os, not ka' us. 
 
 Car ib be' an, Qiot Ca rib'. char' ac ter, not ka rak' teiv 
 
 car' tridge, not kat' rij. chasm, kazm, not\ii^' um. 
 
 cas' tie, kits' si, not kas' tl. chast' en, chas' sn. 
 
 catch, katch, ^zoH^etch. chas'tisement, ?20^ tise'ment. 
 
 Cay enne', ka 6n', not ki en', chim' ney, not chim' ley. 
 
 cem' e tSr y, not cem' e try. chi rog' ra phy, ki rog'. 
 
 cen'tenary, not cen ten' a ry. chi rop' o dist, ki rop'. 
 
 cen trif u gal, not cen tri fii'. chiv' al rous, not chi val'. 
 
108 0RA3IMAR School Speller and Definer. 
 
 X 
 
 343. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Chrys' a lis, tlie slicatli from which the insect emerges. 
 
 Crys' tal lize, to assume the form of crystals. 
 
 VigMl ance, watchfulness ; constant attention. 
 
 Prev' a lence, sujoerior influence ; general existence. 
 ^ Par' a phrase, a loose or free translation. 
 \J Sol' e cism, a gross deviation from the rules of syntax. 
 
 En cum' brance, burden ; load ; impediment. 
 
 Ex cres' cence, an unnatural outgrowth from anything else. 
 
 Scan' dal ized, slandered ; defamed ; calumniated ; vilified. 
 
 AV ka line, caustic to the taste. 
 
 344. Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Fod' dus, foB' deris, a league ; (foBder). 
 
 Federal^ federalist, federate, confederation, confederacy. 
 Po' lium, a leaf ; (foil). 
 
 Foliacious, foliage, foliate, folio, exfoliate, foil, trefoil. ^j^vAi^tv 
 For' ma, a shape ; (form). 
 
 Form, formality, formula, conform, deform, inform, 
 multiform, perform, reform, transformation, uniformly. 
 Fors, for'tis, chance; fortu'na, fortune; (fort). 
 
 Fortuity, fortuitous, fortune, unfortunately, misfortune. 
 For' tis, strong ; (fort). 
 
 Fort, fortify, fortitude, comfort, effort, force, enforce. 
 Fra'go, fra' grans, to smell sweetly; (fragr). Fragrance. 
 
 345. Words frequently mispronounced. 
 
 chlo' rine, rin, not rine. com' ba tant, not com bat'. 
 
 chyle, kil, not chile. com' ba tive, not com bat'. 
 
 eic' a trice, oiot cic' a trise. come ly, not come' ly. 
 
 cir cu' i toils, not sur kit' us. com' pa ra ble, not com par'. 
 
 clan des' tine, tin, oiot tine, com peer', oiot com' peer. 
 
 CO ad ju' tor, 7iot coadj'utor. complaisance', ^lo^ plai'sance. . 
 
 coch'i neal, koch, not koch. com plai sant', not plai' sant. 
 
 col la' tion, not co la' tion. com' pro mise, not prom' ise. 
 
 Col OS se' um, not col os'. com' rade, not com' rade. 
 
 col' umn, um, 7iot yum. con do' lence, not con' do. 
 
GEA3IMAR School Speller and Definer, 109 
 — ►P — 
 
 346, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 VCM me' ra, a vain, idle fancy, or anything absurd. 
 
 Pre' 6ci ence, knowledge of future things ; foresight. 
 ^ Coun' ter felt, a forgery ; an impostor ; a resemblance. 
 ^ Ret' i na, a net-like tissue joined to the optic nerve. 
 
 Glos' sa ry, a list of the difficult words in a work. 
 y- Or' i fice, an opening resembling a mouth ; an aperture. 
 
 Dis' ci pline, instruction ; training ; chastisement ; order. 
 
 Dis sev' er, to part in two ; to break ; to divide. 
 
 Jeal' ous y, suspicious fear or caution ; suspicion in love. . 
 y Jeop' ard y, hazard ; danger ; exposure to death or injury. 
 
 347, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Fran' go, in comp, frin' go, frae' turn, to break ; (frang, 
 fring, fract). Fraction , fragile, fragment, frail, frailty, 
 frangible, infringe, irrefragable, refract, refraction, refrain. 
 Fra'ter, a brother; (fratr). 
 
 Fraternal, fraternize, confraternity, fratricide, friar. 
 _ Pri'gus, frig' oris, cold; (frig). 
 
 Frigid, frigidity, refrigerate, refrigeration, refrigerator. 
 Frons, fron'tis, the forehead ; (front). 
 
 Front, frontier, frontispiece, affront, confront, effrontery. 
 < Fru' or, fru' itus, fruc' tus, to enjoy ; (friiit, fruct). 
 
 Fruit, fruitless, fruitful, fruition, fructification, frugal. 
 2^ Fu' gio, fu' gitum, to flee ; (fug). Fugitive, centrifugal, 
 
 348, Words frequently mispronounced. 
 
 con' flu ence, 7iot eon flu' ence. co te rie' 7iot co' to rie. 
 
 con spir'acy, not con spi'racy. cov' et ous, not cov' e chus. 
 
 con' strue, not con strue'. cran' ber ry, 7iot cram'. 
 
 ^ con' tra ry, not con tra' ry. ere' dence, not cred' ence. 
 
 con trib'ute,7zo^ con' tribute, creek, krek, not knk. 
 
 con' tu ma cy, not con tu'. crept, krept, not krep. 
 
 con'tumely, not contu'. cii'ciimber, 7^o^ cow' cum ber. 
 
 con' ver sant, not con ver'. cu' li na ry, not ciil' i na ry. 
 
 CO quette', ket, not kwet. cu' po la, not cu' pa lo. 
 
 ecjr' al, kor' aV, not ko' ral. cush' ion, not kwish' ion. 
 
110 GEA3TMAn School Speller and Defined, 
 
 349. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Char' ac ter, a mark ; personal qualities ; reputation. 
 
 Ean' cor ous, deeply malignant ; implacably malicious. 
 
 Gib' ber ish, words without meaning ; jargon. 
 
 Gy ra' tion, the act of turning round a fixed centre. 
 
 Mur' mur ing, complaining ; grumbling ; muttering. 
 / Par' lia ment, the legislative assembly of the British kihgdom. 
 ^ Belles-let' tres, the writings of classical authors. 
 
 Discur'sive, argumentative; reasoning; roving; desultory. 
 y^ Ap pren' tice, one bound, for a certain time, to perform service., 
 
 Prod' i gies, wonders ; marvels; miracles; monsters. <J 
 
 350. Latin roots ^nd English derivatives. 
 
 Ful'geo, I shine ; (fulg). 
 
 Fulgent, fulgency, eJffulgence, refulgent, refulgency. 
 "" Pu'mus, smoke; (fum). 
 
 Fume, fumigate, fumigation, perfume, perfumery 
 Pun' do, fu' sum, to pour ; (fund, fus). 
 
 Fuse, infusible, confuse, diffuse, effuse, futile, infuse, 
 profuse, refund, refuse, suffuse, transfuse, found, foundery, 
 confound, confute, confutation, refute, refutation, funnel. 
 J Fun' dus, the bottom ; (fund). 
 
 Found, foundation, founder, fundamental, profundity. 
 ^ Pun'gor, func'tus, to perform ; (funct). 
 
 Function, functional, functionary, defunct, perfunctory. 
 
 351. Words frequently mispronounced, 
 
 da' ta, da' ta, not da' ta. der e lie' tion, lie, not lee. 
 
 deaf, def, not del de ri' sive, not de riz' ive. 
 
 dec' ade, not dec Me'. des' o late, not dez' o late, 
 
 deca'dence, not dec'adence. des pe ra' do, ra, not ra. 
 
 de crop' it, not de crep' id. des' pi ca ble, not des pic', 
 
 de far cate, fal, not fawl. des serf, not des' sert. 
 
 def i cit, not de fie' it. des'ultory, not dezulf ory. 
 
 de liv' ei- y, not de liv' ry. di dac' tic, not dl dac' tic. 
 
 dem on stra' tion, not de. dif fer ent, 7iot dif ' rent, 
 
 depths, not deps. di grSs' sion, not di gres' sion. 
 
V 
 
 GiiAMMAR School Spell kr and Defineu. Ill 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 352. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Con ceit' ed, having a liigli opinion of one's self; vain. 
 
 Bias' phe mous, irreverent towards God or sacred things. 
 
 Gut' tur al, belonging to the throat. 
 
 Sur' ro gate, an officer who presides over the probate of wills, 
 
 Syn' a gogue, a Jewish place of worship. 
 
 Rec' ti tude, nprightness ; integrity ; probity ; honesty. 
 
 Ret' i cence, concealment by silence. 
 
 ftuin tes' sence, the essential part of a thing. 
 
 Ar' a besque, a fantastic species of ornamentation. 
 
 Tal' is man, anything producing extraordinary effects. 
 
 353. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Ge'lo, gela'tum, to freeze; ge'lu, frost; (gel). 
 
 Gelatine, gelatinous, gelid, jelly, congeal ; congelation. 
 Gig' no, gen' itum, to beget; gen' us, a kind ; (gen, genit). 
 
 Gender, general, generate, generous, generosity, genial, 
 genitive, genius, genuine, genus, congenial, degenerate, 
 engender, indigenous, ingenious, progenitor, progeny. 
 Gens, gen'tis, a nation; (gent). 
 
 Genteel, gentile, gentle, gentleman, gentlemanly, gentility. 
 Ge'ro, ges'tum, to bear; to carr3r; (ger, gest). 
 
 Gesture, gesticulate, belligerent, congeries, congestion, 
 digest, digestion, jest, register, suggestion, vicegerent. 
 Glans, glan' dis, an acorn ; (gland). Gland, glandular. 
 
 354. Words frequently mispronounced. 
 
 di lap' i date, not di lap' i dilte. dis seni' ble, dis, not diz. 
 
 di men' sion, not di men' sion. dis solve', s like z. 
 
 di plo' ma, not dl plo' ma. dis trib' ute, not dis' trib uto. 
 
 dip lo mat' ic, dip, not di. dis' trict, not de' strict. 
 
 dis arm', 8 like z, di vert', not di vert'. 
 
 dis cern', 8 and c like z, doc' ile, dos, not do. 
 
 disfran'chise, chiz,^^o/chise. dol' o rous, dol, not dol. 
 
 dis ha bille', bil, not bel. D5r' ic, not Do' ric. 
 
 di shev' el, not dis hev' el. draught, draft, not drawt. 
 
 dis' pu tant, not dis pu'tant. due' at, diik' at, not dii' kat. 
 
112 GRAM3IAR School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — Hh — 
 
 355. Miscellaneous -words. Written exercise, 
 
 Eu' lo gy, a speech in praise of a person ; encomium. 
 
 Tes ta' ceous, consisting of, or relating to shells. 
 
 Plen' a ry, full ; complete ; entire. 
 
 Per ni' cious, destructive ; injurious ; mischievous. 
 
 Fi la' ceous, consisting of threads. 
 
 Sur' ger y, the art of healing by manual operation.- 
 
 Sat' ir ize, to censure with severity; to ridicule ; to lampoon. 
 
 Pro bos' cis, the trunk of an elephant. 
 
 Be bav' ior, demeanor ; deportment ; conduct ; carriage. 
 
 Buoy' an cy, the quality of floating in a fluid ; vivacity. 
 
 356. Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Glo'bus, a round body; (glob). 
 
 Globe, globose, globular, globule, globule t, globiferous, 
 Glo' ria, glory ; renown; (glori). 
 
 Glory, glorify, glorification, glorious, inglorious. 
 -Glu'ten, glu' tinis, a sticky substance ; (glutin). 
 
 Gluten, glutinous, glutine, glue, gluey, glueyness. 
 Glu' tic, glu' titum, to swallow ; (gluti). 
 
 Glut, glutton, gluttonous, gluttony, deglutitiou. 
 Gra'dior, gres':*us, to go step by step ; (grad, gress). 
 
 Grade, gradient, gradual, graduate, aggression, aggres- 
 sive, congress, degrade, degradation, degree, digress, egress, 
 ingredient, progress, progression, retrograde, transgression. 
 
 357. Words frequently mispronounced, 
 
 e'er, ar, 7iot er. ep' i taph, taf, oiot tiif. 
 
 ef fron' te ry, friin, not fron. e' qua ble, e, not ^k. 
 
 e l^v^ en, not levn. e' qui n5x, e, not ek. 
 
 elm, not el' um. eq' ui page, not e quip' age. 
 
 e lu' sive, sive, not zive. . ere, ar, not er. 
 
 e ma' ci ate, not e ma' shat. er' mine, min, not mine. 
 
 e mol' lient, yent, not li ent. er ra' tum, ril, not rii. 
 
 e ner' vate, not en' er vate. et i quette', ket, not kwet. 
 
 en' gine, jin, not jine. ev' e ry, not ev' ry. 
 
 Eng'land, ing, 7iot eng. \^^ ex ploit', not ex' ploit. 
 
 e pis' tie, e pis' si. ^ ex tol', not ex tol'. 
 
Geaiimar School Speller and Definer. 113 
 — •!• — 
 
 358. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Dis cord' ant, wanting agreement; inharmonious. 
 
 Hy' a cinth, a plant and flower, of several yarietios. 
 
 Ar' che type, the original, of which a copy is made. 
 
 Gaz et teer ', a writer ; a geographical dictionary ; a newspaper. 
 
 Flo tir la, a fleet of small yessels. 
 
 Cru' ci ble, a chemical vessel ; a melting-pot. 
 
 Ox' y gen, a gas forming the vital part of air. 
 
 An' top sy, personal observation ; post-mortem examination, 
 
 Se' ere cy, privacy ; solitude ; close silence. 
 
 As car tain', to make snre or certain ; to fix ; to determine. 
 
 359. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Gran' dis, great ; grand; (grand). 
 
 Grand, grandeur, grandee, grandiloquently, aggrandize. 
 Gra' num, a grain ; (gran). 
 
 Grain, granule, granary, grange, granivorous, granite. 
 Gra' tus, thankful ; (grat). 
 
 Grateful, gratify, grace, congratulate, disgrace, agree. 
 Gra' vis, heavy ; (grav). 
 
 Grave, gravitation, gravity, aggravate, grief, grievance. 
 Z" Grex, gre' gis, a flock ; (greg). 
 
 Gregarious , aggregate, c ongregat e, egregious, segi-egate. 
 Guber'no, I govern ; (gubern). Governor, gubernatorial. 
 Gus'tus, taste; (gust). Gust, gusto, disgust, ragout. 
 
 360. Words frequently mispronounced, 
 
 ^fab' ric, not fa' brie. fi del' i ty, not fi del' i ty. 
 
 fac' ile, fas' il, not fas' il. fi na' le, oiot fi nal'. 
 
 fac-sim' i le, 7iot fac-sim' il. fi nance', not fi' nance, 
 
 fac' to ry, 7iot fac' try. fin an cier', not il nan cier\ 
 
 fal' con, favv' kn, not fal' kn. flor' id, not flo' rid. 
 
 far, not fur. flo^ rist, 7iot flor' ist. 
 
 \ fau' cet, faw' set, not fas' et. for bade', 7iot for bade', 
 
 fa' vor ite, not fa' vor ite. for' mi da ble, not for mid', 
 
 fern' i nine, not fem' i nine. fran' chise, chiz, not chise. 
 
 fet' id, not fe' tid. fu' tile, fu' til, not i\\' tile. 
 
114 Grammar School Speller axd Definer, 
 
 — ^~ 
 
 361. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 V Den' ti frice, any substance used in cleaning teeth. 
 
 Av' a rice, cupidity ; covetousness ; penuriousness. 
 
 Co los' sus, a statue of gigantic size. 
 
 Dor rons, causing pain or grief ; sorrowful ; dismal. 
 
 Fal la' clous, false ; deceitful ; misleading ; delusive. 
 
 Sed' a tive, calming ; composing ; assuaging. 
 
 Ee hears' al, repetition ; a private recital of a play. 
 
 Ful fir ment, accomplishment ; completion ; execution. 
 
 Jui' ci ness, the quality of being juicy ; succulence. 
 
 Eil' a ment, a slender fibre ; the thread of a muscle. 
 
 362. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Ha' beo, hab' itum, in comp, hi' beo, to have ; ha' bito, I 
 
 dwell; ha' bills, able ; de' bills, weak; (hab, hlb, habit). 
 
 Habit, habitation, inhabit, uninhabitable, exhibit, exhibi- 
 tion, inhibit, prohibit, prohibition, able, ability, debijitate."^— * 
 L Hse'reo, hse' sum, to stick ; (hser, hoes). 
 
 Adhere, adhesive, cohere , c ohesion , hesitate, i nheren t. 
 Hse' res, haere' dls, an heir ; (hser, hsered). 
 
 Heir, heirloom, hereditary, heritage, inheritance. 
 Ha'lo, hala' turn, to breathe ; (hal, halat). 
 
 Hale, exhale, exhalation, inhale, inhalable, inhalation. 
 } Her' ba, an herb ; (herb). Herb, herbaceous, herbivorous. 
 Hil'arls, cheerful; (hilar). Hilarity, exhilarate. 
 
 363. Words frequently mispronounced. 
 
 gal' lows, gal' lus, oiot gal' loz. gib' ber ish, not jib' ber ish. 
 
 gape, giip or gap, not gap. gib' bet, jib' bet. 
 
 gaa' grene, gS-ng' grene. gi riiffe', not gi raife . 
 
 gar' ru lous, oiot gar' yu lus. glis' ten, glis' sn, not glis' tn. 
 
 Gen' tile, not Gen' tile. gon' do la, 7iot gon do' la. 
 
 gidu.' u ine, not gen' u ine. ^" gran' a ry, oiot gra' na ry. 
 
 ge 5g' ra phy, not gog'ra fy. gra' tis, 7iot grat' is. 
 
 ge om' e try, not gom' e try>. griev' ous, not grev ious. 
 
 ger' und, not jer' und. \ gri mace' not grim' ace, 
 
 ghoul, gool, oiot goAvl. guild, gild, not gild. 
 
Grammar School Speller axd Defixer. 115 
 
 364, Miscellaneous vrords. Written exercise, 
 
 Em' i nent, standing forth above the rest ; distinguished. 
 * > Im' mi nent, near at hand ; threatening ; impending. 
 ^ Pet' u lant, saucy ; froward ; fretful ; irascible. 
 
 Lyr' i cal, pertaining to the lyre ; appropriate for song. 
 
 Res er voir', a place where anything is kept in store. 
 
 Nom' i nal, only in name ; not real. 
 
 Pur' ga tive, having the power to cleanse ; cathartic. 
 
 Myr' mi don, a rough soldier ; a ruffian. 
 
 Lem'U gogue, a popular orator; a seditious leader. 
 
 Deb au chee', an intemperate person ; a libertine ; a rake, 
 
 365, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Ho' mo, a man ; huma' nus, belonging to man ; (horn, hu- 
 man). Homage, homicide, human, humane, inhuman. 
 
 Ho' nor, respect ; hones' tus, honorable ; (honor, honest). 
 Honor, honorary, honorable, honest, honesty, dishonor. 
 
 Hor' reo, I shudder ; horrib' ills, horrible ; (horr). 
 Horror, horrify, horrible, horrid, abhor, abhorrence. 
 
 Hos' pes, hos' pitis, a host oii^uest ; (hosp, hospit). 
 Host, hotel, hospice, hospital, hospitable, hospitality. 
 
 Hos' tis, an enemy ; (host). Host, hostage, hostile, hostility. 
 ^ Hu'meo, I am moist ; (hum). Humid, humor, humorist. 
 F^ -* Hu' mus, the ground ; (hum). Humbl e, humility, e jdiume . X^ 
 
 366, Words frequently mispronounced, 
 
 har' ass, 7iot ha rass'. hold, not holt, 
 
 hast' en, ha' sn, not has' tn. hoi' o caust, not ho' lo caust. 
 heard, herd, not herd. home' stead, sted, not stid. 
 
 lieiirth, harth, not berth. ho ri' zon, not hor' i zon. 
 
 He' be, not Hebe. horse' rad ish, not red ish. 
 
 height, hit, nofhlih. hos'pitable,^oniospit'able. 
 
 hei'nous, ha' nus, nothe'ira^. . hos' tile, til, 7iot tile. 
 
 Hercii'lean,?zo^^Hercule'an. \iov' er, hiiv' er, oiot hov' er. 
 her' ine, not her' o inc. liiin' gry, not hung' ger y. 
 
 his' to ry, 7iot his' try. hy per' bo le, not hy per bole. 
 
IIG Grammar School Speller and Befiner, 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 367. Miscellaneous ^w'ords. Written exercise, 
 
 Dis sua' sive, tending to divert from a purpose. 
 De co' rous, decent ; suitable ; proper ; becoming. 
 Pre co' clous, ripe before the natural time ; premature. 
 Crus ta' ceous, having a crust-like shell, as a lobster. 
 ^ Pug na' cious, disposed or inclined to fight ; quarrelsome. 
 Nee' tar ine, a variety of the ^leach, with a smooth rind. 
 Syn' chro nous, happening at the same time. [where. 
 
 Em' i grant, one who leaves his OAvn country to settle else- 
 Im'mi grant, one who arrives in a country to settle. 
 Priv' lous, slight ; trifling ; of no value. 
 
 368. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 •^ r dem, the same; (idem). Identical, identit}^, identification. 
 ""^ Ig'nis, fire ; (ign). Igneous, ignite, ignition. 
 
 Igno'ro, ignora'tum, not to know ; (ignor). Ignore, ignorant. 
 Ima' go, ima' ginis, a likeness ; im' itor, I copy ; (imag, imit). 
 
 Image, imagine, imagination, imitate, imitation. 
 Im'pero, I command; (imper). Imperative, imperious. 
 In' sula, an island ; (insul). Insular, isolate, island, isle. 
 In'teger, whole; (integer). 4 Integer, integrity, entire. 
 In' tus, within ; (inter). Internal, interior, intimately. 
 _3 I' turn, to go ; i' ens, going ; it' erum, again ; i' ter, itin' eris, 
 a journey ; (i, it, iter, itiner). Amb^ent, ambition, circuit, 
 exit, iterate, itinerant, initial, initiate, obituary, transit. 
 
 369. Words frequently mispronounced, 
 
 i do' a, not i' do or i do'. in dis' pu ta ble, not in dis piV. 
 
 i do' al, not i del'. in/ dus try, not in dus' try. 
 
 ig no ra' mus, ra, not ra. in er' ti a, she a, not sha. 
 
 il lus' trate, not iV lus trate. in ex'j)lica ble, 7iO/!^ in ex plic', 
 
 im me' di ate, not im me' jad. in gre' di ent, not in gre' jent. 
 
 im' pi ous, not im pi' ous. in qui' ry, not in' qui ry. 
 
 imphV cable, plak, not plak. in stead', not in stid'. 
 
 im pri ma' tur, not mil' tur. in' te gral, not in to' grab 
 
 in ci' sive, sive, not zive. in' tel lect, not in' ter lect. 
 
 in clu' sive, not in clu' zive. in' ter est, not in' trest. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer, 117 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 370. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Fa ri' na, flour obtained from any species of starchy root. 
 
 0' ral ly, by Avord of mouth ; without writing. 
 
 Prop' a gate, to spread ; to increase ; to produce. 
 
 So no' rous, producing sound when struck ; high-sounding. 
 
 Er rat' ic, not stationary ; deviating from the right way. 
 
 Er' n dite, learned ; well read ; conversant with books. 
 
 Zo' phyte, a name given to the radiated forms of life. 
 
 Flag' eo let, a musical instrument resembling a flute. 
 
 Prej' u dice, a previous judgment, favorable or unfavorable. 
 
 Par' a dise, a place of bliss ; heaven ; the garden of Eden. 
 
 371. Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 
 if Ja' ceo, jac' itum, to lie ; (jac). Circumjacent, adjacent. 
 ^ Ja' cio, jac' tum, in c^ynp. jec' turn, to throw ; jac' ulor, to 
 hurl ; (ject, jac). Abject, adjective, conjecture, dejected, 
 ejaculate, eject, inject, object, projec t, reject , subject, jet. 
 Jo'cus, a jest ; (joe). Jocular, joke, joker, -jocose, juggle. 
 Ju' bilo, jubila' tum, to shout ; (jubil). Jubilee, jubilant. 
 Ju'dico, I judge; (judic). Judgment, judicial, prejudice. 
 / Jun' go, June' tum, to join ; (jung, junct). 
 
 Junction, join, adjoin, conjunction, conjugate, subjugate, 
 Ju'ro, I swear; (jur). Juror, jury, abjuration, perjure. 
 \ Jus, ju' ris, law ; jus' tus, lawful ; (juris, just). 
 
 Adjust,.injure, jurist, jurisdiction, just, justify, justice. 
 
 372. Words frequently mispronounced. 
 
 ag u iir', not jag' war. 
 iir ap, not jol' up. 
 ave' lin, not jav' e lin. 
 io cose', not jo coze'. 
 
 in' ter est ing, not in ter est', ji' 
 
 in tes' tine, not in tes' tine. ji' 
 
 in trigue', not in' trigue. ji 
 
 in' ven to ry, not in ven' to ry. jc 
 
 ir' on, i' urn, not i' run. joe' und, not jo' cund. 
 
 ir ra' tion al, not ir ra' tion al. joist, not jist. 
 
 is' o late, not V so late. joust, just, not jowst. 
 
 1 so ther' mal, not is o ther'. jo' vi al, not jov' yal. 
 
 i tal' ic, it till' ic, not I tal' ic. ju' gu lar, not jug' u lar. 
 
 r vo ry, not iv' ry. ju' ve nile, nil, not nile. 
 
118 GRA3IMAR School Speller and Deeiner, 
 
 — •J- — 
 
 373, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Fein' i nine, pertaining to woman ; soft ; tender ; delicate. 
 Cog' ni zance, recognition ; recollection ; observation. 
 Con cur' rent, acting in conjunction ; conjoined. 
 Et i quette', form of manners expressly or tacitly required. 
 Ep' au let, a military badge for the shoulder. 
 Df a phragm, the j)artition between the chest and abdomen. 
 Gos' sa mer, a fine film spun by spiders. v 
 
 Man' di ble, the jaw ; the lower jaw of animals. 
 Fraud' u lent, deceitful ; treacherous; obtained by fraud. 
 Hor' scope, the aspect of the heavens, as observed at the 
 hour of birth, or at any particular moment. 
 
 374, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 La' bor, labor ; (labor). Laborious, laboratory, elaborate. 
 ^^ Lac, lac' tis, milk ; (lact). Lacteal, lactation, lactometer. 
 La'chryjna, a tear; (lachrym). Lachrymal, lachrymose. 
 La' cio, in comp. li' cio, I allure ; delec' to, I please ; (lie). 
 
 Elicit, delectable, delicate, delicacy, delicious, delight. 
 Lse' do, Ise' sum, in coinp. li'do, li' sum, to hurt ; (lid, lis). 
 
 Collide, collision, collisive, elide, elision, lesion. 
 Lament' or, to bewail ; (lament). Lament, lamentation. 
 Lan' gueo, I faint ; (langu). Languid, languish, languor. 
 La' pis, lap' idis, a stone ; (lapid). Laj^idary, dilapidation. 
 Lap'sus, having fallen; (laps). Lapse, collaj^se, elapse, relapse. 
 Lar'gus, wide; extensive; (larg). Large, enlarge, largess. 
 
 375, Words frequently mispronounced. 
 
 hi' bor er, not la' brur. lie' o rice, not lick' er ish. 
 
 lam' en ta ble, not la ment'. lief, lef, 7iot lev. 
 
 la pel' not lap eV. li' en, le' en, not len. 
 
 laud' a niim, not lod' num. li' lac, not li' lok. 
 
 leg' ate, not le' gate. lis' ten, lis' sn, not lis' tn. 
 
 lei' sure, oiot lezh' nre. lit er a' ti, oiot lit er il' ti. 
 
 len' i tive, not le' ni tive. li thog'raphy, not lith'ograf}^ 
 
 lep' er, not le' per. live' long, not live' long. 
 
 let' tuce, tis, not tuse. long'-lived, not loug'-lived. 
 
 ir bra ry, not li' bry. ly ce' um, not ly' se um. 
 
Gramjiak School Speller and Define r. 119 
 ■ — ^ — 
 
 376. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Syc' phant, mi informer ; ii jiarasite ; a mean flatterer. 
 Ma gi' cian, one avIio practises magic; an enchanter. 
 Ser' a phim, angels of tlie highest rank. 
 Threat' en ing, menacing ; foreboding evil ; imminent. 
 Mag' ni tude, comparative size ; greatness ; importance. 
 Vag' a bond, a wandering person ; a vagrant. 
 An' ti type, that which is prefigured by the type. 
 An' te room, a room leading to a princijoal apartment. 
 Cray' e ty, liveliness ; cheerfulness; merriment; joyousness. 
 Gloom' i ness, want of light ; darkness ; sadness. 
 
 377. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 La'teo, Tlurk; (lat). Latent, latency, lantern. 
 La'tum, to carry ; (lat). 
 
 Collate, dilate^ prelate, relate, superlative, translate. 
 Laus, lau'dis, praise ; (laud). Laud, laudable, laudatory. 
 La' vo, lava' tuna, lo' turn, to wash ; (lav, lavat, lot). 
 
 Lave, lavatory, lavender, laundry, laundress, lotioii. 
 Lax' us, loose ; (lax). 
 
 Lax, laxative, laxity, relax, relaxation, prolix, release. 
 Le' go, lega' turn, to send ; to bequeath ; (leg, legat). 
 
 Legate, legation, legacy, allege,, colleague, delegation. 
 Le' go, lee' tum, in comio. 11' go, to gather ; (leg, lect, lig). 
 
 Lecture, legend, legible, legion, lesson, collect, dihgent, 
 eclectic, elect, elegant, eligible, intellect, neglect, selection. 
 
 378. Words frequently mispronounced. 
 
 machina'tion, mak, not mash, mas' cu line, not mas' cu line, 
 
 mael' strom, not mal' strom. mas' sa cred, kerd, not kred. 
 
 mag a zine', not mag' a zine. ma' tron, not ma' tron. 
 
 mag no' li a, not mag nol' ya. m^' di um, not me' jum. 
 
 main' ten ance, not man tiin'. mem' o ry, not mem' ry. 
 
 mandarin', not man' da rin. mer' can tile, or til, not tel. 
 
 ma' ni a, not man' ya. met ro pol' i tan, not me tro. 
 
 ma ni' a cal, not ma'ni ac ah mi as' ma, not me as' ma. 
 
 mar' i time, not mar' i time. Mich' ael mas, Mik' el mas. 
 
 mar' ket, not mar' kit. mi'cro scope, not mik' ro. 
 
120 GiiA^niAR School Bpeller a.xi) Defixee. 
 
 379, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Non cha lance', coolness ; carelessness ; indifference. 
 
 Sue' cu lence, quality of being juicy ; juiciness. 
 
 Bus' y bod y, a meddling person. 
 
 Cav' 11 ling, raising captious objections. 
 
 Bat tal' ion, a division of the infantry in an army. 
 
 Pen' ta teuch, the first five books of the Old Testaijient. 
 
 E' go tism, self-praise ; self-commendation; vanity. 
 
 Lig' a ment, an elastic membrane ; a band. 
 
 Fu' gi tive, one who runs off ; a runaway ; a deserter. 
 
 Det' ri ment, loss ; damage; mischief; injury; disadvantage. 
 
 380, Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Le' nis, gentle ; (len). Lenient, lenience^ lenity, lenitive. 
 Len' tus, slow ; flexible; (lent). Eelent, relentless. 
 Le'vo, leva' turn, to raise; le'vis, light; (lev). 
 
 Leaven, lever, levity, alleviate, elevate, relevant, relief. 
 Lex, le'gis, a law; (leg). 
 
 Legal, legality, legislate, legislature, legitimate, privilege. 
 Li'ber, li' bri, a book ; (libr). 
 
 Libel, libellous, libellant, librarian, library, libretto. 
 Li' ber, free ; (liber). Liberal, liberty, liberate, deliverance. 
 Li' bra, a pound ; a balance ; (libr). Deliberate, equilibrium. 
 Li' go, liga'tum, to bind ; (lig). 
 
 Ligament, liable, league, ally, alliance, oblige, religion, 
 
 381, Words frequently mispronounced, 
 
 mi' nus, not min' us. mon' ad, not mo' nad. 
 
 mir' a cle, not mer' a cle. mon' grel, miing, not mon. 
 
 mi rac' u lous, mi, not mi. mon'ogram, ?^o;^ mo'no gram, 
 
 mi rage', me razh, not mir' aj. m5n' o graph, not mo' no. 
 
 mis'chiev oiis, 7iot mis chiev'. mon o ma' ni a, 7iot mo no. 
 
 mis' er y, not miz' ry. mon'u ment, not mon' i ment. 
 
 mis' tie toe, miz' zl to. mor' phjne, not mor' phene. 
 
 m5d' est, not mod' ist. m6ss, not maws, 
 
 mois'ten, mois'n, 7zo«^ mois'tn. mu se' um, not mu' se um. 
 
 m5r e cule, not mo' le cule. my thol' o gy, not mi thol'. 
 
Gbajujiae School Speller axd Definer, 121 
 — ^ — 
 
 382, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Es pou' sals, a mutual promise of marriage ; betrotliment. 
 Sub' ter fuge, a pretext to escape a difficulty ; an evasion. 
 Subt'lety, artfulness; cunning; acuteness of discrimination. 
 Co te rie', a circle of friends ; a society ; a club. 
 Cease' less ly, perpetually ; incessantly ; without end. 
 Du' bi.ous, doubtful ; uncertain ; not clear; not determined. 
 Du' te ous, obedient ; dutiful ; obsequious ; submissive. 
 Fir' ma ment, the region of the air; the heavens. 
 Sol sti' tial, relating to, or happening at, a solstice. 
 Frat' ri cide, the murder of a brother. 
 
 383, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Li'mes, li'mitis, a bound; (limit). Limit, illimitable. 
 Lin' gua, the tongue ; (lingu). Linguist, language. 
 Lin' quo, lie' tum, to leave ; (linqu, lict). 
 
 Delinquent, delinquency, derelict, relic, relict, relinquish. 
 Li'nea, a linen thread ; (line). Line, linen, delineate. 
 Li'qneo, I melt ; (liqu). Liquid, liquefaction, liquidate. 
 Li' tera, a letter ; (liter). Literal, literary, literature. 
 Lo' cus, a place ; (loe). Local, locate, collocate, dislocate. 
 Lo' quor, locu'tus, to speak; (loqu). 
 
 Loquacious, colloquy, eloquent, interlocutor, soliloquy. 
 Lu' do, lu' sum, to play ; to deceive ; (lud, lus). 
 
 Ludicrous, allusion, collusion, delude, elude, prelude. 
 
 384, Words frequently mispronounced, 
 
 na' iad, na' yad or na' ad. ne' gro, not nig' ro. 
 
 na' ive, na' ev, not nav. neigh' bor ing, not na' bring, 
 
 na ive te', nil ev ta'. nes' tie, nes' si, 7iot nes' tl. 
 
 nape, not nap. neu ral' gi a, oiot neu ral' i gy. 
 
 na' sal, s like z, nic'otine, tin, not ten. 
 
 nas' cent, not na' sent. nom' ad, not no' mad. 
 
 na' tion al, not na' tion al. nom'i native, ^^o^nom'nativ. 
 
 ndu' seous, not naw' se us. none, niin, not none. 
 
 n6c' tar ine, not rin or ren. noth' ing, not noth' ing. 
 
 ne' er, nar, not ner. nu' mer ous, not niim' rous. 
 
122 Gbajijiar School Speller and Definee. 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 385. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Bron chi' tis, inflammation of the branches of the windpipe. 
 Pre cur' sor, a forerunner ; a harbinger ; a herald. 
 Con' jur er, an enchanter ; a sorcerer ; a juggler. 
 ^ Tac ti' cian, one skilled in tactics ; an adroit manager. 
 Tab' la ture, a painting on a wall or ceiling. 
 Deb nair', courteous ; affable ; polite ; gentle ; mild. 
 En fi lade', to rake the entire line with shot. 
 Con du'cive, aiding ; haying a tendency to promote. 
 De lu' sive, tending to deceive ; deceptive ; illusory. 
 Leg' a cy, that which is bequeathed to a person ; a bequest. 
 
 386. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Iiu' na, the moon ; (lun). Lunar, lunacy, lunatic, sublunary. 
 Lu' o, lu' turn, to wash ; (lu, lut). 
 
 Ablution, alluvial, deluge, dilute, post-diluvian, pollute. 
 ,5^^ Lux, light; lu'cidus, clear; iu' men, lu' minis, light; (luc, 
 
 lumin). Lucid, pellucid, lustre, ilkistrate, luminous. 
 Magis' ter, a master ; (magister). Magistrate, master. 
 Mag' nus, great ; (magn). Magnitude, magnanimous. 
 Ma'jor, greater; (major). Major, majority, majesty, mayor. 
 Mal'leus, a hammer; (malle). Malleable, mallet, maul. 
 Ma' lus, evil ; (mal). Malevolent, m.alice, malignity, malad3% 
 Man' do, manda' turn, to command ; (mand). 
 
 Mandate, commander, commend, recommend, demand. 
 
 387. Words frequently mispronounced. 
 
 oaths, th soft, of fice, not aw' fice. 
 
 o bes' i ty, not o be' si ty. of ten, of fn, not of ten. 
 
 6b' li ga to ry, not ob lig'. om' i noiis, not b' mi nous, 
 
 o bilge', not o blege'. on' er ous, not o' ner ous. 
 
 ob lique', ob, 7iot 5. op po' nent, oiot op' po nent. 
 
 ob seen' i ty, not ob seen' i ty. or' ches tral, not or ches' tral. 
 
 ob'se quies, kwiz, not kwez. or' de al, 7iot or de' al. 
 
 oc ciilt', 7iot oc' cult. or' gies, or jiz, not or jez. 
 
 ce an' ic, not o shan' ic. 5 ro tiind', oiot or' o tund. 
 
 oc ta' vo, not oc ta' vo. ox' ide, oks' id, not oks' ide. 
 
GRAM3IAR School Speller and Definer, 123 
 
 
 388. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Sac' cha rine, having the qualities of sugar ; sweet. 
 Fu ga' cious, fleeting ; volatile ; fugitive. 
 CMo' ro form, a volatile liquid, used to produce insensibihty. 
 Au' to crat, an absolute sovereign or ruler ; a despot. 
 Ve' he mence, violence ; ardor ; eagerness ; fervor. 
 En vi' ron, to surround ; to encircle ; to beset ; to involve. 
 Im ma ture', not arrived at perfection ; crude ; imperfect. 
 \y Am a teur', one who studies art, but not professionally. 
 Li tig' ious, quarrelsome ; inclined to engage in lawsuits. 
 Fas' ci nate, to enchant ; to captivate ; to enrapture. 
 
 389. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Ma'neo, man' sum, to remain ; (man, mans). 
 
 Mansion, manor, permanent, remain, remains, remnant. 
 l^ Ma'nus, the hand ; (man). 
 
 Maaacley' illlill2^g52__ maniple, manipulate, manner, ma- 
 noeuvre, manual, manufactuj^, manumit, manure, manu- 
 script, maintain, emancipate, legerdemain, quadrumanous. 
 Ma' re, the sea ; (mar). 
 
 Marine, mariner, maritime, submarine, transmarine. 
 Mars, the god of war; (mars). Mars, martial, March. 
 Mas, ma' ris, a male ; mar' itus, a husband ; (mas, mar). 
 
 Masculine, marital, marry, marriage, marriageable. 
 Mas' sa, a lump ; (mass). Mass, massy, massive, amass. 
 
 390. Words frequently mispronounced. 
 
 Piir es tine, not Pal' es tin. 
 pal' li a tive, not pal' a five, 
 palm, piim, not pam. 
 pal' sicd, not pal' sied. 
 pan' to mime, not mine, 
 par' af fine, fin, not fine, 
 pilr quet', ka, not ket. 
 par ti al' i ty, not piir shal' i ty. 
 par' ti cip le, not j)art' sip le. 
 piirt' ner, not piird' ner. 
 
 i:)ar' tridge, not pat' ridge, 
 pa' thos, not path' os. 
 j)a' tri ot, not pat' ri ot. 
 pa' tron, not pat' ron. 
 pat' tern, not pat' ren. 
 ped' ant, not pe' dant. 
 per' emp to ry, not per emp'. 
 I)er fume' {vert), not per', 
 plia' ton, not iDlie' ton. 
 philr ma ecu' tic, su, not ku. 
 
124 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 391, Miscellaneous vrords. Written exercise. 
 
 Mech' an ism, the construction of a machine. 
 As cet' ic, a hermit ; a recluse. [through. 
 
 Per' fo rate, to pierce with a pointed instrument ; to bore 
 V Det' nate, to ignite and explode with a loud report. 
 Gar van ism, electricity deyeloped by chemical action. 
 Mis' cliiev OTIS, hurtful ; destructive; injurious; wicked. 
 A bun' dance, more than enough ; oyerflow ; exuberance. 
 De ceit' ful, tending to mislead ; treacherous. 
 Per' ma nence, continuance in the same state ; durability. 
 As sign ee', one to whom property is transferred. 
 
 392. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Ma' ter, mother ; (matr). 
 
 Maternal, matricide, matriculate, matrimony, matron. 
 Mate' ria, that from which anything is formed ; (materi). 
 
 Matter, material, materialist, materialism, immaterial. 
 Matu'rus, ripe; (matur). Mature, maturity, premature. 
 Me' deor, I cure ; (med). 
 
 Medical, medicate, medicine, medicinal, remedy. 
 Med' itor, I muse ; (medit). Meditation, premeditation. 
 6 Me' dius, middle ; (medi). 
 
 Mediate, mediocre, medium, immediately, intermediate.'V'^** 
 Mem'ini, memen'to, to remember; (memin, mement). 
 
 Memento, memoranda, memory, mention, reminiscence. 
 
 393. Words frequently mispronounced. 
 
 phon' ics, not plio' nics. 
 phos' pho rus, oiot phos pho'. 
 pi a' no, not pi an' o. 
 pla ciird', not plac' ard. 
 pla' gi a rism, not pla' ja rism. 
 j)lait, plat, not plet. 
 pla teau', pla to', not plat o'. 
 po lo naise', not pol o naise'. 
 p5n' iard, p5n, not poin. 
 
 prai' rie, not X)er a' rie. 
 pre ce' dence, not pres' e. 
 pred' a to ry, 7iot pre' da to ry. 
 pref ace, not pre' face. 
 2orer ate, not pre' late, 
 pres en ta' tion, prez, not pre. 
 pre tence', not pre' tence. 
 pret' ty, prit' ty, not pret' ty. 
 pre vent' ive, not \q\\' ta tive. 
 
GRA3IMAR School Speller a.mj Definer, 125 
 — ♦ — 
 
 394. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Ar^ cM tect, one skilled in the art of building. 
 V Os' si fy, to change into bone. 
 
 Pac' i fy, to calm ; to still ; to allay passion ; to conciliate. 
 
 On' er ous, heavy ; weighty ; burdensome ; oppressive. 
 
 Rep' ri mand, reproof ; rebuke; admonition; public censure. 
 
 Ar' ro gant, haughty ; assuming ; proud ; insolent. 
 
 Bel lig' er ent, carrying on war ; engaged in war. 
 
 Ac com' plice, an associate in crime ; an abettor. 
 r • Os' cil late, to swing ; to move backwards and forwards. 
 
 Vac' 11 late, to move to and fro ; to vary ; to fluctuate. 
 
 395. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 / Mens, men'tis, the mind; (ment). 
 
 Mental, comment, commentary, demented, vehement. 
 Me' o, mea' tum, to go ; (me). Permeable^, impermeability. 
 Mer'ces, hire; merx, mer' cis, merchandise; (mere). 
 
 Mercenary, mercantile, mercury, merchant, commerce. 
 Mer' go, mer' sum, to plunge; (merg, mers). 
 
 Merge, emerge, emersion, emergence, immerse, submerge. 
 Me' tier, m.eii' sus, to measure; (met, mens). Immense. 
 Mi' gro, m.igra' tum, to change one's abode ; (migr). 
 
 Migrate, migratory, emigrate, immigrate, transmigration. 
 Mi' les, mi' litis, a soldier ; (milit). Military, militia. 
 Mil' le, a thousand ; (mill). Mill, mile, million, millionnaire. 
 
 396. Words frequently mispronounced. 
 
 pri' ma ry, not pri' mer y. J)Y0 jec' tile, not pro jec' tile, 
 
 pris' tine, tin, not tine. pro miir gate, 7iot prom' ul. 
 
 priv' i ly, not pri' vi ly. pro voke, oiot pur voke. 
 
 prob' i ty, not pro' bi ty. psal' mo dy, sal, oiot siim. 
 
 ^proc' ess, not pro' cess. psalms, siimz, not samz. 
 l)rod' i gy, not proj' i dy. " pu' e rile, not pii' er ile. 
 
 prod' uce, not pro' duce. pur' port, not piir port', 
 
 prod' uct, not pro' duct. py riim' i dal, 7iot p5^r' a mid al. 
 
 prog' ress, not pro' gress. py ri' tes, oiot py' rites, 
 
 proj' ect, not pro' ject. quadrille', kaorkwa, not cfuad. 
 
126 Grammar School Speller am) Definer. 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 397. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Par' a ble, a short tale or fable ; a comparison. 
 
 Am bus cade', an ambush ; a body of troops in ambush. 
 
 Om' i nous, foreboding evil ; portentous ; inauspicious. 
 
 Pat' ron age, special support ; guardianship ; encouragement. 
 
 De crep' it, wasted and worn with age ; broken down. 
 
 Era ter' nize, to agree or associate as brothers. ^ 
 
 Pleu' ri sy, inflammation of the pleura. 
 
 Bail' ler y, slight ridicule; satirical merriment; banter. 
 
 Beg' gar y, a state of extreme poverty ; indigence. 
 
 Ver' i ly, truly; certainly; in fact. 
 
 398. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Min' eo, mine' re, to hang ready to fall ; (min). 
 
 Eminent, eminence, imminent, pre-eminent, prominence. 
 Minis' ter, a servant ; mi' nor, smaller ; (minister, minor). 
 
 Minister, ministry, administer, minority, minute, diminish. 
 Mi'ror, mira'tus, to wonder; (mir). 
 
 Miracle, miraculous, mirage, mirror, marvel, admiration. 
 Mis' ceo, mix' tum, to mix ; (misc, mixt). 
 
 Miscellany, miscellaneous, mixture, intermix, promiscuous. 
 Mi' ser, wretched; (miser). Miser, misery, commiserate. 
 Mit'to, mis' sum, to send; to cast ; (mitt, miss). 
 
 Missile, mission, missionary, missive, admit, commit, 
 compromise, demise, emit, omit, permit, promise, submit. 
 
 399. Words frequently mispronounced. 
 
 rad' ish, not red' ish. rep' a ra ble, 7iot re par' a ble. 
 
 rail' ler y, ral, 7iot rail ler y. rep ar tee', not rep' ar tee. 
 
 rap' ine, not ra pene'. rep' tile, not rep' tile. 
 
 ra' tion al, 7iot ra' tion al. rgs' o nance, s like z. 
 
 re cess', 7iot re' cess. re spir' a ble, not res' pir a ble. 
 
 rec ol lect', 7iot re col lect'. res' pite, 7iot res' pite. 
 
 rec' on noi tre, rSc, 7iot re. re trib' u tive, oiot ret' ri bu. 
 
 rec' re ant, 7iot re' ere ant. rev' o ca ble, 7iot re vo' ca ble. 
 
 reg' i cide, 7iot re' gi cide. rid' i cule, 7iot red' i cule. 
 
 rSg' 11 lar, not reg' ler. ro mance', 7iot ro' mance. 
 
Grammar School Speller axd Definer, 127 
 — ^ — 
 
 400, Miscellaneous -words. Written exercise. 
 
 In ter cede', to mediate ; to plead in a person's favor. 
 Su per sede', to set aside ; to annul ; to take the place of. 
 Eed' lence, fragrance ; perfume ; odor ; sweet scent. 
 Suf fer ance, endurance ; permission without right. 
 An' thra cite, a species of hard, mineral coal, or carbon. 
 Prim' i tive, established from the beginning ; original. 
 Ric chef, rebounding or rolling along the ground. 
 Plan' si ble, having a fair aj)pearance ; apparently right. 
 Par' a lyze, to benumb ; to palsy ; to deaden. 
 Sac' ri lege, the crime of violating sacred things. 
 
 401, Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Mo'dus, a bound ; a measure ; (mod). 
 
 Mode, model, moderate, modern, modest, modify, modu- 
 lation, mood, accommodate, commodious, commodity. 
 Mo' la, a mill ; mola' ris, a mill-stone ; (mol). 
 
 Mill, meal, molar, immolate, immolation, emolument. 
 Mo'neo, mon'itum, to remind ; to warn ; (mon, monit). 
 
 Monitor, monument, admonish, premonitory, summon. 
 Mons, mon' tis, a mountain ; (mont). 
 
 Mound, mountain, amount, paramount, promontory. 
 Mon' stro, I show; (monstr). Demonstrate, remonstrate. 
 Mor' deo, mor' sum, to bite ; (mord, mors). 
 
 Mordant, mordicant, morsel, mortise, remorse, remorseless. 
 
 402, Words frequently mispronounced, 
 
 sac'rament, not sa'crament. ser' vile, not ser' vile, 
 
 sac' ri fice, not sa' cri fice. sev' er al, not sev' ral. 
 
 sac' ris tan, not sa cris' tan. shew, sho, not shu. 
 
 sa ga' cious, 7iot sa gash' us. sim' o ny, not si' mo ny. 
 
 said, sed, not sad. si' ne cure, not sin' e cure; 
 
 sa line', not sa lene'. so' journ, not so journ'. 
 
 siir sa pa ril' la, not sas. so no' rous, not son' or ous. 
 
 seine, sen, not san. sop o rif ' ic, not so po rif ic. 
 
 sen' na, not se' na. sub poi' na, sub, 7iot sup. 
 
 S(3p' a ra tist, not sep a nV tist. sur prise', not sup prise'. 
 
128 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 403. Miscellaneous ivords. Written exercise. 
 
 Re mit' tance, the act of returning ; money remitted. 
 
 Car a van', a body of travelling merchants or pilgrims. 
 
 Per sua' sion, the act of persuading ; belief ; doctrine. 
 
 In fringe' ment, a breach ; a violation ; invasion. 
 
 Con ven' ience, fitness ; propriety ; ease ; accommodation. 
 
 Sug gest' ion, a hint ; an intimation ; a secret incitement. 
 
 Whim' si cal, full of whims ; capricious ; odd. 
 
 Wit' ti cism, a witty remark ; a low kind of wit ; a joke. 
 
 Hu' gue not, a name given to French Protestants. 
 
 A' e ro naut, one who sails through the air in a balloon. 
 
 404. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Mors, mor' tis, death ; (mort) . 
 
 Mortal, mortgage, mortify, mortmain, mortuary, murder. 
 Mos, mo' ris, custom ; (mor). 
 
 Moral, moralize, morality, demoralize, immorality, morose. 
 Mo' veo, mo' tum, to move ; (mov, mot). 
 
 Mob, mobile, move, motive, moment, momentum, com- 
 motion, emotion, locomotion, promotion, removal, remote. 
 Mul' tus, many ; (mult). Multifarious, multiply, multitude. 
 Mu'nus, mu'neris, a gift; an office; (muner). 
 
 Municipal, munificent, common, immunity, remunerate. 
 Mu' sa, a muse ; (mus). Musical, musician, museum. 
 Mu'to, muta'tum, to change; (mut). Mutable, commute. 
 
 405. Words frequently mispronounced. 
 
 tap' es try, not ta' pes try. 
 tar paur ing, not tar po' lin. 
 tar tar' ic, tar, not tar. 
 tav' ern, not tav' ren. 
 ten' et, ten, not te' net. 
 tep' id, tep, not te' pid. 
 this' tie, this' si, not thris' si. 
 thyme, tim, not thim. 
 ti a' ra, not ti a' ra. 
 ti' ny, not te' ny, nor tin' y. 
 
 tor' toise, tiz or tis, not toise. 
 trav' el ler, oiot trav' ler. 
 tri bu' nal, not trib u' nal. 
 trib' line, not tri bune'. 
 tro' die, tro' ke, 7iot tro' 9he, 
 trough, trof, not trawth. 
 truths, th sharp, not thz. 
 tryst, trist, not trist. 
 ty' phus, ti' fus, not ti' pus. 
 ty ran' nic, not ixm an' nie. 
 
GRA3IMAR School Speller and Deflxlr. 129 
 — 4* — 
 06. Miscellaneous "words. Written exercise, 
 
 Ab ra' sion, the act of rubbing off ; attrition; friction. 
 
 Ab scis' sion, tlie act or process of cutting off. 
 
 Rib' aid ry, vile^ brutal, obscene language ; obscenity. 
 
 Gue rir la, a partisan or irregular soldier. 
 
 Neu' tral ize, to destroy the effect of ; to render neutral. 
 
 Char' la tan, a quack ; a mountebank. 
 
 De li' cious, highly pleasing to the senses ; delightful. 
 
 Nu tri' tious, affording nourishment ; nourishing. 
 
 Del' e ble, that can be blotted out ; that may be erased. 
 
 Sen' ti nel, a soldier on guard ; a watchman ; a sentry. 
 
 407. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 iNar'ro, narra'tum, to tell; (narr, narrat). 
 
 ISTarrate, narration, narrative, narrator, narratory. 
 K"as' eor, na' tus, to be born ; (nasc, nat). 
 
 ISTascent, natal, nation, native, nature, cognate, innate. 
 Na' vis, a ship ; (nav). 
 
 l^aval, navy, navigate, unnavigable, circumnavigation. 
 Nec'to, nex'um, to bind ; to tie ; (nect, nex). 
 
 Annex, annexation, connect, connection, disconnection. 
 Ne' go, nega' turn, to deny ; (neg, negat). 
 
 Negation, negative, abnegation, deny, denial, renegade. 
 Ner' vus, a sinew ; (nerv). 
 
 JSTerve, nervine, nervous, nervousness, unnerve, enervate. 
 
 408. Words frequently mispronounced. 
 
 ul ti ma' tum, ma, not mil'. Tis' count, vi, not vis. 
 
 urn brel' la, not um ber el' la. vis' or, viz' or, not vi' zor. 
 
 TJ' ra nus, not U ra' nus. vit' ri ol, not vit' rul. 
 
 va ga' ry, not va' ga ry. vol' a tile, til, not tile. 
 
 vaV u a ble, not val' yii ble. was, woz, not wuz. 
 
 va' ri loid, not var'i loid. wise' a ere, not wise a' ere. 
 
 ve'hemence, ^zoA'ehe'mence. xy lo graph' ic, 7a, not zil, 
 
 ver' sa tile, not ver' sa tile. yel' low, 7iot yal' lo. 
 
 vie' ar, vik' ar, not vi' kar. yes' ter day, not yis' tor day. 
 
 vine' yard, vin, not vine. zo' nitli, not zen' ith. 
 
% 
 
 130 Grammar School Speller and Definer, 
 
 — '^ — 
 
 409. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Laud' a num, a i^repanitioii made from opium. 
 
 Pen' du lum, a weight suspended from a fixed point. 
 
 A cous' tics, the science which treats of sound. 
 
 En gen' der, to produce ; to form ; to breed ; to occasion. 
 
 Al' ma nac, an annual register ; a calendar. 
 
 Dis per' sion, the act of dispersing or scattering; diffusion. 
 
 Di lu' tion, the act of making thin or weak. * 
 
 Chro mat' ic, relating to colors. 
 
 Cav al cade', a procession on horseback. 
 
 Ed' i fice, a fabric ; a large public building ; a structure. 
 
 410. Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Neu' ter, neu' trum, neither ; (neutr). 
 
 ISTeuter, neutrality, neutralize, neutralization. 
 No' ceo, I hurt ; nox'ius, hurtful ; (noe, nox). 
 
 Innocent, innocuous, obnoxious, annoyance, nuisance. 
 iN'o'm.en, no' minis, a name . (nomin). 
 
 I^omenclature, nominal, nominate, nominative, noun, j^ro- 
 nominal, cognomen, denominate, ignominy, misnomer. 
 Wor'ma, a rule ; (norm). 
 
 ISTormal, abnormal, abnormity, enormous, enormity. 
 Nos' CO, no' tnm, in comjo, ni' tum, to know ; (nose, not, nit). 
 
 JSToble, noblesse, ignoble, note, notary, notation, notice, 
 notorious, annotate, incognito, recognize, reconnoitre. 
 
 411. Rules for the use of capitals. 
 
 The following classes of words should begin with capitals: 
 
 1. The first word of every sentence. 
 
 2. The first word of every line of j^oetry. 
 
 3. The first word of a direct quotation. 
 
 4. Every appellation of the Deity. 
 
 5. Proper names and honorary titles. 
 
 G. Words derived from proper names, and nouns personified. 
 
 7. The words I and 0. 
 
 8. The chief words in the title of a book. 
 
 9. Words of special emphasis, and technical words. 
 
J. 
 GiiAMMAi: SciJOi^L yri'AA/i-Ji AM) Dkfisku. loi 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 412, Miscellaneous -words. Written exercise, 
 
 Dis' pu taut, one who disputes ; a reasoner ; a disputer. 
 
 Prec' e dent, that Avhich serves for an example or rule. 
 
 Ef fer vesce', to bubble ; to froth ; to ferment. 
 
 Co a lesce', to come together ; to unite to join; to combine. 
 
 Met' a phor, a comparison or simile expressed in one word. 
 
 Con nois seur', a judge of fine arts or literature ; a critic. 
 
 As sess' or, one Avho appraises property for taxation. 
 
 Cit' a del, a fortress in or near a city ; a castle. 
 
 Mit' i gate, to render less painful ; to assuage ; to temper. 
 
 Hyp' crite, one who feigns to be what he is not. 
 
 413, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 No'vus, new ; (nov). 
 
 Xovel, novelty, novice, novitiate, innovate, renovation. 
 Nox, noc' tis, night ; (noct). JSTocturnal, equinoctial. 
 Nu'bo, nup'tum, to marry; (nub,niipt). Connubial, nuptial. 
 Nur Ins, none ; (null). 
 
 Null, nullity, nullification, nullify, annul, annulment. 
 Nn'merns, a number; (nnmer). 
 
 N'umeral, numerate, enumerate, innumerable, number. 
 I^nn' cio, I announce ; nnn'cins, a messenger ; (nnnc). 
 
 Xuncio, announce, denounce, enunciation, pronounce. 
 NnHrio, nntri'tnm, to nourish ; (nntri, nntrit). 
 
 Nutriment, nutrition, nourish, nourishment, nurtured. 
 
 414, Capital letters. Dictation exercise. 
 
 And Nathan said unto David, ^^ Thou art the man." 
 Our Father who art in heaven. Such, men of Athens ! 
 were your ancestors. If Pain comes into a heart, he is 
 quickly followed by Pleasure ; and if Pleasure enters, you 
 may be sure that Pain is not far off. Do you follow Wor- 
 cester's or Webster's dictionary ? King of kings and Lord 
 of lords. Do you mean to say that I wrote an o for an i ? 
 AYhatever He wills is right. Prayer moves the hand that 
 moves the universe. Tired, he sleeps, and life's poor play 
 is o'er. Whom the Lord loveth, he chasteneth. 
 
132 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 415, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 Des' ig nate, to point out ; to mark ; to show ; to name. 
 In er' ti a, disposition to retain a state of rest or motion. 
 Ju di' cions, wise ; prudent; discreet; sensible. 
 
 In fee' tious, communicated by air ; corrupting ; contagious. 
 Ag' gra vate, to make worse ; to provoke ; to irritate. 
 Ob' lo quy, blame ; abuse ; reproach ; disgrace.^ 
 In sin cere', unworthy of trust or confidence ; deceitful. 
 Aug tion eer', one who inyites bids at an auction sale. 
 >/ Aph' rism, a short, pithy saying ; a proverb ; an adage. 
 Ma noeu' vre, a stratagem ; a dexterous movement ; a trick. 
 
 416, Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Obli' quus, sidewise ; slant; (obliqu). Oblique, obliquity. 
 Obliv' io, forge tfulness ; (obliv). Oblivion, oblivious. 
 Oc'to, eight; (oct). October, octave, octagon, octennial. 
 2- Oc' ulus, the eye ; (ocul). 
 
 Ocular, oculist, binocular, inoculate, inoculation. 
 O' dor, a perfume ; (odor). 
 
 Odor, odorous, inodorous, odoriferous, odorless. 
 3 O' leo, I smell ; (ol). Olfactory, redolent, redolency. 
 Ij, Oles'co, I grow; adurtus, grown; aboles' co, I decay ; (ol, 
 adult). Adolescence, adolescent, abolish, abolition, adult. 
 O'men, cm' inis, a sign ; (omin). 
 
 Omen, ominous, abominable, abominate, abomination. 
 
 417, Punctuation, Parenthetical expressions, 
 
 I find, too, much objection to the proposed amendment. 
 He writes well. Well, I do not know. Why is he going ? 
 I do not know why he is going. Why, I do not know. Let 
 us read it, then. Then I was young. lie is coming now. 
 Come, now, and let us reason together. And, then, I 
 learned the news was incorrect. In one we must admire 
 the man ; in the other, the Avork. To be totally indifferent 
 to praise or censure, is a real defect in character. Expect 
 nothing, lest you be disappointed. Supposing that the 
 story were true, what then ? Sarah, here comes my uncle. 
 
GRAj\niAR School Speller and Definer, 133 
 
 418, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Fill an cier', one skilled in matters of public revenue. 
 Ped' i gree, lineage ; descent ; genealogy. 
 Knav' er y, dishonesty ; petty yillany ; fraud. 
 V Na ive te', native simplicity ; ingenuousness ; artlessness. 
 Por' phy ry, a hard rock containing crystals of feldspar. 
 Moun' te bank, a quack ; a boastful pretender ; a charlatan. 
 Mon' gram, a character composed of letters interwoven. 
 Con' tra band, prohibited by law or treaty ; forbidden. 
 Chor er ic, inclined to anger ; easily irritated ; irascible. 
 In diet' ment, a written accusation of a crime. 
 
 419, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 3 Om'nis, all; (omn). Omnibus^, omnipotent, omnivorous. 
 O'nus, on' eris, a burden ; (oner). Onerous, exonerate. 
 Op' to, opta' turn, to wish ; (opt). Option, adopt, adoption. 
 O' pus, op' oris, a work ; a deed ; (oper). 
 
 Opera, operate, co-operative, co-operation, manoeuvre. 
 / Or' bis, a circle ; (orb). Orb, orbit, orbital, exorbitant. 
 ^ Or' do, or' dinis, order ; (ordin). 
 
 Order, ordain, ordination, ordinal, ordinary, subordinate. 
 Or' no, orna' tuna, to adorn ; (orn, ornat). 
 
 Ornament, ornate, adorn, adornment, suborn, suborner. 
 3 O'ro, ora'tum, to speak ; os, or' is, the mouth; (or, orat). 
 Oral, oracle, orifice, orator, adore, inexorable, peroration. 
 
 420, Punctuation. Explanatory clauses. 
 
 Explanatory clauses always require a comma before them. 
 I met your brother, who told me you were here. I walked 
 with him to the bridge, where we parted. Man, who is born 
 of woman, is of few days and full of trouble. Every person, 
 whatever be his station, is bound by the duties of morality 
 and religion. They gave a loud shout, which was heard 
 across the river. Col. Preston, who is past seventy, still 
 walks erect. Inverted clauses require a comma after them. 
 Who the Eomans were, and how they conquered Britain, I 
 shall tell you in the next chapter. 
 
r 
 
 134 Grammar Scjiool Speller axd Deftner, 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 421. Miscellaneous w^ords. Written exercise, 
 
 Im bee' ile, weak ; infirm ; feeble ; impotent ; decrepit. 
 
 Ver' sa tile, apt ; quick ; changeable ; variable. 
 
 Am' bu lance, a conveyance for sick or 'vvounded. persons. 
 
 Stim' 11 liis, something that excites or stimulates. 
 
 Suf fi' cient, enough ; competent ; adequate ; responsible. 
 
 ftuiz' zi cal, relating to, or containing, a hoax ; farcical. 
 
 Col on nade', a range of columns supporting an entablature. 
 
 Po ma' tum, a perfumed ointment for the hair ; pomade. 
 
 Ac cus'tom, to habituate ; to inure ; to familiarize. 
 
 Sub urb' an, pertaining to, or inhabiting, a suburb. 
 
 422. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Pads' cor, pac'tus, to bargain; (pact). Pact, compact. 
 1^ Pa' gus, a village ; (pag). Paganism, peasant, joeasantry. 
 *ps^ala'tum, the roof of the mouth ; (palat). 
 
 Palate, j)alatal, j)alatine, palatable, unpalatable. 
 
 Pal'leo, I am pale; (pall). Pale, pall, pallid, unaj^palled. 
 
 Pal' Hum., a cloak ; (palli). 
 
 KPall, pallium, palliate, palliation, palliative, loalliatory. 
 Pan' do, pan' sum or pas' sum, to spread ; (pand, pans, pass). 
 Span, expansion, pace, pass, compass, surpass, trespass. 
 Pan' go, pao' turn, to drive in ; to fasten ; (pang, pact). 
 Compact, compactness, impact, impinge, imjiingement. 
 
 423. Punctuation. Restrictive clauses. 
 
 Restrictive clauses do not require commas. 
 
 Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown. Every vice 
 that oppression generates, flourished there. Teach me the 
 way wherein to walk. They that seek shall find. 
 
 Exception 1. When parenthetical words follow the con- 
 nective word. lie is the man who, when young, accident- 
 ally killed his friend. 
 
 Exception 2. When several words come between the re- 
 lative and its antecedent, l^o man can be thoroughly pro- 
 ficient in navigation, who has never been to sea. K'o thought 
 can be just, of which good sense is not the groundwork. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer, 135 
 — ^ — 
 
 424. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Par' ox ysm, a periodical fit of a disease ; a convulsion. 
 
 Chor' is ter, a singer in a choir, or in a concert ; a leader. 
 
 Car' ni val, a feast or season of festivity before Lent. 
 
 Cham' mile, a bitter plant nsed in medicine. 
 
 Ces sa' tion, a rest; a suspension of hostilities ; intermission. 
 
 Se ces' sion, act of leaving ; withdrawal ; separation. 
 
 Ex' or cism, the expulsion of evil spirits. 
 
 Plen' i tude, fulness ; completeness ; abundance ; repletion. 
 
 Guil lo tine', an instrument of capital punishment. 
 
 Mu' cil age, an aqueous solution of gum. 
 
 425. Latin roots and English derivatives 
 
 Par, equal ; (par). 
 
 Par, parity, dis|)arity, peer, compeer, disparage, nonpareil. 
 Pa' reo, pa' ritum, to appear ; (par). 
 
 Apparent, apparition, appear, transparent, transparency. 
 Pa' rio, par' itum, to bring forth ; (par). 
 
 Parent, parental, parturition, oviparous, parricide. 
 Pa'ro, para' tum, to make ready ; (par, parat). 
 
 Parade, apparatus, compare, prepare, repair, separate. 
 Pars, par' tis, a part ; (part). 
 
 Part, particle, partake, partial, particular, partisan, party, 
 parcel, apart, compartment, counterpart, depart, impart. 
 Pas' CO, pas' tuna, to feed; (past). Pastor, pasture, repast. 
 
 426. Exercise in punctuation. Possessives. 
 
 Messrs. Johnson's factories. Nine months' imprisonment. 
 Thomas is Charles's son : James is Thomas's son ; therefore, 
 Charles is James's grandfather. During William and Mary^s 
 reign. We have men's and boys' clothing. Worcester's and 
 Webster's dictionaries are those in common use, though 
 Todd's Johnson's dictionary was formerly much in vogue. 
 The Bard of Lomond's lay is done. Ilis brother Philip's 
 wife. ]N"obody else's business. A discovery of Sir Isaac 
 ISTewton's. Theirs is the vanity, the learning thine. Of 
 the Children of Israel's half, thou shalt take one portion. 
 
13G Grammar School Speller and Definer, 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 427. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Pro ced' ure, progress ; course of action ; management. 
 Rid' i cule, mockery ; derision ; sport ; satire ; sarcasm. 
 Clan des' tine, kept secret for a sinister purpose ; private. 
 Mu' ti nous, exciting mutiny ; seditious; tumultuous. 
 Vac'u um, space unoccupied by matter; an empty space. 
 Poig' nan cy, sliarjoness ; keenness ; acuteness ; severity. 
 Pi^' nan cy, state of being stimulating to the taste. 
 Da fend' ant, one wlio resists an assailant ; a defender. 
 De none' ment, the unravelling of a plot in a drama. 
 Ob nox' ions, reprehensible ; hateful ; odious. 
 
 428. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Pa' ter, a fatlier ; pa' tria, one's native land ; (patr). 
 
 Paternal, patrimony, patron, patriot, 2:>attern, expatriate- 
 Pa' tior, pas'sus, to suffer ; (pati, pass). 
 
 Patient, patience, passion, passive, compassion, compatible. 
 Pail' per, poor ; (pauper). 
 
 Pauper, pauperism, poor, poorness, poverty, impoverish. 
 Pax, pa'cis, peace; (pac). 
 
 Pacify, pacific, pacificator}^ peaceable, peaceful, appease. 
 Pel' lo, pul' sum, to drive ; (pell, puis). 
 
 Pulse, compel, dispel, expel, impel, propeller, repellent. 
 Pen' deo, pen' sum, to hang ; (pend, pens). 
 
 Pendant, pendent, pendulum, append, depend, suspend. 
 
 429. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 The si3ace above the mercury in the barometric tube is 
 the most perfect vacuum that can be produced. Patriotism 
 prompted him to memorable deeds of valor, and noble acts 
 of self-denial. True eloquence consists in saying all that 
 is proper, and nothing more. Had wo no faults ourselves, 
 we should take less pleasure in observing those of others. 
 What's gone, and what's past help, should be past grief. A 
 momentary gratification sometimes i:)roduces lasting misery. 
 The immigrant enters, the emigrant leaves, a country. Ow- 
 ing to the absence of the defendant, the case Avas adjourned. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer, 137 
 — ^^ — 
 
 430. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Sym' pa thize, to liaye mutual feeling ; to harmonize. 
 
 Fri' a ble, easily crumbled or pulverized. 
 
 Guar an tee', to warrant ; to secure the performance of. 
 
 Pag' eant ry, pomp ; show ; ostentatious exhibition. 
 
 Leg' i ble, capable of being read ; apparent ; evident. 
 
 Im' mo late, to offer up, as in sacrifice ; to kill in sacrifice. 
 
 Nau' se ate, to reject with disgust ; to abhor. 
 
 Cer lu lar, consisting of little cells or cavities. 
 
 Car i ber, the internal diameter or bore of a gun. 
 
 Tyr' an nous, despotic ; arbitrary; tyrannical; domineering, 
 
 431. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Pen' do. pen' sum, to pay; to think ; (pend, pens). 
 
 ^ Pensive, pension, dispense, expend, recompense, stipend. 
 Pe' ne, almost ; (pen). 
 
 Peninsula, penult, penultimate, penumbra, penumbral. 
 Peri'culum, danger; (perieul). Peril, perilous, imperil. 
 Perso'na, a mask ; (person). Personal, personify, parson. 
 Pes, pe' dis, the foot ; (ped). 
 
 Pedal, pedestal, jDedestrian, expedient, expedite, impede. 
 Pe' to, petf turn, to seek ; (pet, petit). 
 
 Petition, appetite, centrij)etal, compete, impetuous, repeat. 
 Pi' lo, pila' turn, to carry off ; (pil) . 
 
 Pelf, pelfry, pilfer, pilfery, pillage, compile, compilation. 
 
 432. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Emphasis is an element of eloquence. Within a century, 
 . much has been learned in reference to chemistry. A fair 
 complexion needs no cosmetics. IIow bodies crystallize is 
 a mystery. The plants and animals in the aquarium were 
 brought from abroad. By whose authority has the pendu- 
 lum been lowered ? The hand should be the agent of the 
 heart. Nothing is so credulous as vanity, and so ignorant of 
 what becomes it. It is excellent to have a giant's strength ; 
 but it is tyrannous to use it like a giant. Nothing was seexi 
 on all sides but the most abject misery and desiitutiouo 
 
138 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — ^ — 
 I 433, Miscellaneous -words. Written exercise. 
 
 t Phleg mat' ic, dull ; cold ; heavy ; sluggish ; iinfeeliLg. 
 Lym phat' ic, enthusiastic ; raving ; pertaining to lymph. 
 Ped' es tal, the base of a column^ pillar, vase, or statue. 
 y0i^ Pa la' tial, pertaining to a palace ; magnificent. 
 
 A chieve' ment, a great' or heroic deed ; performance. 
 Var or ous, brave ; valiant ; intrepid ; courageous. 
 SuV phur ous, consisting of, or impregnated with, sulphur. 
 \ Scan' dal ous, shameful ; vile ; opprobrious. 
 \ Im brogl' 30, a complicated and embarrassing state of things. 
 \J Hy' gi ene, that branch of medicine which treats of health. 
 
 434. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 — Pin' go, pie' turn, to paint ; (ping, piet). 
 
 Painting, picture, picturesque, pictorial, pigment, depiqt. 
 Pi' us, devout ; dutiful; (pi). 
 
 Pious, piety, impiety, impious, pity, piteously, expiation. 
 Pla' ceo, pla' citum, to please ; (plae). 
 
 Placid, please, unpleasantly, complacent, complaisant. 
 Plan' go, plane' turn, to lament; (plang, planet). 
 
 Plaint, plaintiff, plaintive, uncomplaining, complaint. 
 Pla' nus, level ; plain; (plan). 
 
 Plain, plane, plan, esplanade, explain, explanation. 
 Plan' do, plan' sum, to clap the hands ; (pland, plans). 
 
 Plaudit, plausible, applaud, apjDlause, explode, explosion. 
 
 435, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Who has removed the statue from its pedestal ? Endeavor 
 to practise cleanliness. By combined efforts success may 
 be achieved. His ancestors have, for more than a century, 
 been successful bankers. Tne painter's explanation was 
 received with great applause. There is no darkness like 
 ignorance. The miserable have no other medicine, but 
 only hope. Those who are once convinced that they have 
 abihty, should instantly act upon that conviction, and do 
 something worthy of themselves. ]N"o exi:>loits are so illus- 
 trious as the achievements of the early martyrs. 
 
GRAM3IAR School Speller and Definer, 139 
 
 436. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Mu' ti late, to deprive of some essential part ; to maim. 
 
 Scin' til late, to emit sparks ; to sparkle ; to twinkle. 
 
 Bar ri cade', to obstruct ; to stop up ; to fortify. 
 
 Cur' so ry, hasty ; slight ; desultory ; careless ; superficial. 
 
 Sor' ce ry, enchantment ; magic ; witchcraft. 
 
 Op ti' cian, one who makes or sells optical instruments. 
 
 Au' spi ces, auguries ; protection ; care ; patronage. 
 
 Een' dez vous, a place appointed for assembly. 
 
 In tes' tine, internal ; contained in the body ; not foreign. 
 
 Col li' sion, a striking together of two bodies ; opposition. 
 
 437. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Pie' o, pie' tum, to fill ; pie' nus, full ; (pie, plet, plen). 
 Plenary, j)lenipotentiary, plenty, accomjDlish, complete, 
 
 complement, compliment, expletive, implement, supply. 
 
 Pli' CO, plica' turn, in comj^. plic' itum, to fold ; plec' to, 
 plex' um, to twist ; (plic, plicat, plicit, plex). Plait, ply, 
 pliant, accomplice, apply, complex, complicate, comply, 
 display, duplicate, duplicity, employ, explicit, exploit, im- 
 plicate, imply, multiply, perplex, reply, suppliant, triple. 
 
 Plo'ro, I cry out ; explo'ro, I search out; (plor, explor). 
 De^^lore, dejolorable, implorations, explore, exploration. 
 
 Plus, plu' ris, more ; (plur). 
 
 Plus, plural, plurality, pluperfect, overplus, surplus. 
 
 438. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 The rebels attempted to barricade the streets. What 
 attraction led him to abandon his companions ? The idle 
 cannot be happy; they are a burden to themselves and 
 others. Better three hours too soon than a minute too 
 late. !N'one are more confident than those who are on the 
 point of failing. Can the optician repair the telescope ? 
 King Edward consented to spare the town of Calais, on 
 condition that six of its principal inhabitants should be 
 delivered over to him. That science is of little value 
 which does not serve as a foundation to some beneficial art. 
 
140 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 439, Miscellaneous w^ords. Written exercise, 
 Ees' nant, returning sound ; resounding ; echoing back. 
 Dif ' fi dent, lacking confidence ; excessively modest ; timid. 
 Pie be' ian, one of the common peojole. 
 
 Pro tract' or, an instrument for laying oif angles. 
 
 Cyl' in der, a right prism whose bases are aircles. 
 
 Pal i sade', a row of strong stakes set firmly in the ground. 
 
 Ar' se nal, a depository for arms and military stores. 
 
 Men' di cant, poor to a state of beggary ; practising beggary. 
 
 Buc ca neer', a freebooter ; a pirate. - 
 
 Be reave' ment, loss ; deprivation of friends by death. 
 
 440, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Pcb' na, punishment ; poenit' eo, I repent ; (pcBn, poenit). 
 
 Penal, penalty, penance, penitent, repentance, subpoena. 
 Po' m.iini, an apple ; (pom). 
 
 PomaceoQs, pomegranate, pomade, pomatum, pommel. 
 Pon' dus, pon' deris, a weight ; (ponder). 
 
 Pound, ponder, ponderous, imjoonderably, preponderate. 
 Po' no, pos' itum, to jDlace ; (pon, posit). 
 
 Position, posture, positive, post, postage, apposite, com- 
 pose, composite, composition, composure, compound, depo- 
 nent, deposition, deposit, depot, dispose, expose, exposition, 
 impose, impost, interpose, juxtaposition, oppose, postpone, 
 preposition, propose, provost, purpose, suppose, transpose. 
 
 441, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Palisades are usually sharpened at the top. Has the 
 election of delegates been postponed ? To deprive us of 
 m.etals, is to make us mere savages ; it is to bereaye us of 
 all arts and sciences. It is for want of application, rather 
 than of means, that men fail of success. 
 
 The bishop was kneeling at the altar in a posture of the 
 deepest devotion, and was so absorbed in meditation that 
 he did not hear the assassins' steps in the cathedral till they 
 were quite close to him. 
 
 N'one but the contemptible are apprehensive of contempt. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer, 141 
 
 442. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Ves' ti bule, an anteroom ; a hall ; a lobby ; a porch. 
 
 An' ec dote, a biographical incident, or fact ; a short story. 
 
 An' ti dote, a medicine that counteracts poison. 
 
 Cor' ri dor, a gallery from one apartment to another. 
 
 Be lea' guer, to invest, as a town ; to besiege ; to block up. 
 
 Sep' ul chre, a grave ; a tomb ; a monument for the dead. 
 
 Sig' na ture, the name of a person signed to a writing. 
 
 Min' ia ture, a very small portrait, likeness, or picture. 
 
 Scrof u lous, affected with scrofula. 
 
 Conn' te nance, exterior appearance of the face ; patronage. 
 
 443. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Pons, pon'tis, a bridge; (pont). 
 
 Pontage, pontoon, pontiff, pontifical, pontificate. 
 Pop'ulus, the people ; pub' liens, public ; (popul, publ). 
 
 Populace, popular, population, people, public, publish. 
 Por'to, porta' tum, to carry; (port). 
 
 Portable, porter, portfolio, deportment, export, import, 
 importune, opportune, purport, report, sujoport, transport. 
 Pos'se, to be able ; po'tens, powerful; (poss, poten). 
 
 Possible, potent, potency, omnipotent, plenipotentiary. 
 Po' to, pota'tum, to drink ; (pot). Potion, potation. 
 Prse' da, booty ; spoil; (prsed). 
 
 Predaceous, predatory, depredate, depredation, preying. 
 
 444. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation, 
 
 Famine and disease have completely depopulated some 
 parts of Asia. Cunning and treachery proceed from a want 
 of capacity. It is better to be disdained of all, than to 
 steal confidence and affection by deceit from any. Eepent- 
 ance and amendment will redeem the greatest faults. The 
 walls of ancient Jerusalem were destroyed to their very 
 foundations by the soldiers of Titus ; so that the prophecy 
 was literally fulfilled, that not a vestige of her former 
 greatness should remain. It is affectation of style to intro- 
 duce many technical terms into composition. 
 
y 
 
 142 Grammar School Speller and De finer, 
 
 — ^J- — 
 
 445. Miscellaneous -words. Written exercise. 
 
 Tes' ta ment, a will ; each of the two parts of the Scriptures. 
 Sils' te nance, support ; maintenance ; subsistence ; food. 
 Mas' cu line, male ; manly; robust ; bold ; not effeminate. 
 Pan' to mime, a representation without the use of words. 
 Ab hor' rence, detestation ; extreme avei-sion ; utter dislike. 
 Ac quaint' ance, familiarity ; a person well known. 
 Or' tho dox, sound in opinion or doctrine. 
 An' to graph, a person's own handwriting ; a signature. 
 Bonn' da ry, a line fixing limits or bounds ; a border. 
 Tur' bu lent, raising commotion ; tumultuous ; disorderly. 
 
 446. Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Pra' vus, crooked ; wicked; (prav). Deprave, depravity. 
 Pre' cor, preca' tus, to pray ; (prec, precat). 
 
 Pray^ prayer, deprecate, imprecation, precarious. 
 Prehen'do, prehen' sum, to take; (prebend, prehens). 
 
 Prehensile, apprehend, apprentice, comprehend, comprise, 
 enterprise, impregnable, prison, prize, reprehend, surj)rise. 
 Pre' mo, pres' sum, to press ; (prem, press). 
 
 Pressure, print, compress, depress, express, expressive, 
 impress, imprimatur, imprint, oppress, repress, suppress. 
 Pre' tium, a price ; (preti). 
 
 Precious, price, prize (to value highly), praise, appraise, 
 appraiser, appreciate, appreciable, depreciate, depreciation. 
 
 447. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 A plentiful supply of vegetables preserves the health of 
 Arctic explorers. They that touch pitch will be defiled. 
 Fairest of all things fair on earth is virtue. Small cheer 
 with hearty welcome makes a feast. The sun rose clear and 
 bright ; the morning air was pure and deliciously fresh ; 
 drops of crystal dew stood glittering on leaves of the bright- 
 est green, and all nature seemed to augur a happy result to 
 the ceremony of that eventful day. Eulers should confer 
 dignities as rewards of merit, not, as is generally tho case, 
 with a view to secure their own interests. 
 
GRAM3IAR School Speller and Definer, 143 
 — ^ — 
 
 448. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 y Ax' mis tice, a temporary suspension of hostilities ; a truce. 
 
 Par' al lei, running in the same direction ; similar. 
 
 Pin' na cle, a slender, pointed turret ; the highest point. 
 
 Bonn' ti ful, disposed to giye freely; generous; beneficent. 
 
 Boun' te ous, liberal ; kind ; munificent. 
 y Glut' ton ous, given to excessiye eating ; voracious. 
 
 Glu' ti nous, resembling ghie; tenacious; adhesive. 
 / Par' ri cide, the murder, or the murderer, of a parent. 
 
 Par' a site, one who earns a welcome by flattery ; a sycophant. 
 
 Ep' i taph, an inscription on a tomb or monument. 
 
 449. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Pri' mus, first ; (prim). 
 
 Prime, j)rimate, primary, primitive, primogenitor, premier. 
 Prin'ceps, prin' cipis (primus-capio) , first; (princ). 
 
 Prince, princess, principal, principle, principality. 
 PriVo, priva'tum, to take away; pri'viis, one's own; (priv). 
 
 Private, privacy, privateer, privation, privilege, deprive. 
 Pro' bo, proba'tum, to prove; (prob). 
 
 Probable, probability, probate, probation, probe, probity, 
 prove, proof, approve, approbation, reprobate, reproof. 
 Pro' pe, near; prox' imus, nearest ; (prop, prox). 
 
 Proximity, approximate, approach, reproach, propitiate, 
 propitiation, propitiatory, propitious, propinquity. 
 
 450. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 The principal escaped, but the accomplice was guillo- 
 tined. How should men hope for mercy, showing none ? 
 Far shines a good deed in a wicked world. There is as 
 much eloquence in the tone of voice, in the look, and in 
 the gesture of an orator, as in the choice of his words. 
 Heaven is the widow's champion and defence. It is said 
 that the author was materially assisted in his work by a 
 friend, who carefully revised his manuscripts. The efforts 
 which he made to regain his equilibrium were so ridiculous 
 that the whole company burst into laughter. 
 
144 GRA3niAR School Speliter and Definer, 
 
 451. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Em bra sure', an opening tliroiigli wliicli a gun is fired. 
 
 Dis pleas' ure, dislike ; indignation ; resentment ; offence. 
 
 Pen' i tence, sorrow ; repentance ; contrition ; penance. 
 
 Prom e nade', to walk for pleasure or for exercise. 
 
 Can non ade', to attack with, cannon ; to bombard. 
 
 Sym' bol ize, to resemble ; to liaye a typical resemblance. 
 
 Ef fur gence, a flood of liglit ; splendor ; brightness. 
 
 Ee sist' ance, opposition ; a force by which motion is impeded. 
 
 Sau' ci ly, impudently ; in a saucy manner. 
 
 Mor' tal ly, fatally ; so as to cause death ; intensely. 
 
 452. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Pro' prius, peculiar ; fit; one's own; (propri). 
 
 Proper, property, propriety, proprietor, misappropriate. 
 Pros'per, lucky ; (prosper). Prosper, prosperous, prosperity. 
 Pu' deo, I am ashamed ; (pud). Impudence, repudiation. 
 Pu'er, aboy; a child ; (puer). Puerile, puevility. 
 Pug' nus, the fist ; pug' na, a battle ; (pugn). 
 
 Pugilism, pugilist, pugnacious, impugn, repugnant. 
 Pul' mo, pulmo' nis, a lung ; (pulmon). Pulmonary. 
 Pul' vis, pul' veris, dust; (pulver). Pulverize, powder. 
 Pun' go, punc'tum, to point; to prick; (pung, punc). 
 
 Punch, pungent, punctilious, punctual, punctuate, punc- 
 tuation, puncture, point, poignant, compunction, expunge. 
 
 453. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 The counsel attached seyeral imjoortant documents, but 
 the judge decided that they were privileged property. We 
 have few faults that are not more excusable in themselves 
 than the means we use to conceal them. Worldlings give 
 more to those who have too much. Many gain experience 
 at a price that makes them sad. The poems of Homer 
 throw great light upon the domestic manners and customs 
 of the ancient Greeks. In this country, the English lan- 
 guage should form a distinct branch of education, and 
 should be regularly and systematically taught. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer, 145 
 — ^ — 
 
 454, Miscellaneous w^ords. Written exercise, 
 
 Ven' om ous, poisonous ; noxious ; malignant ; spiteful. 
 
 Pros' e lyte, a convert to a new doctrine. 
 
 Ster lu lar, haying the shape of stars ; stellar ; astral. 
 
 Min' i mum, the smallest quantity, or least part possible. 
 
 Max' i mum, the greatest quantity, or degree possible. 
 
 Suav' i ty, mildness ; softness; pleasantness; urbanity. 
 
 Dom' i cile, a residence ; an abode ; a mansion ; a home. 
 
 Cod' i cil, an addition, or supplement to a will. 
 
 E vap' rate, to dis]3erse by changing into vapor. 
 
 E rad' i cate, to pull out by the roots ; to exterminate. 
 
 455, Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Pu'nio, puni'tum, to punish ; (pun). 
 
 Punish, punishable, punishment, punitive, impunity. 
 Pu'pus, a babe ; (pup). Pupa, pupil, pupilage, puppet. 
 Pur' go, purga' turn, to cleanse ; (purg, purgat). 
 
 Purge, purgative, purgatory, purgatorial, expurgate. 
 Pu'rus, pure ; (pur). Pure, purify, puritan, impurity. 
 Pus, pu' ris, the matter of a sore ; (pus, pur). 
 
 Pus, purulent, purulently, suppurate, pustule. 
 Pusil'lus, weak; (pusill). Pusillanimous, pusillanimity. 
 Pu'to, puta'tum, to prune ; to think; (put). 
 
 Amputate, compute, depute, dispute, impute, repute. 
 Pu' tris, rotten ; (putr). Putrid, putrefy, putrefaction. 
 
 456, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation, 
 
 A new edition of Chaucer, with annotations by the editor, 
 has been published. Men sometimes think they hate flat- 
 tery; but they hate only the manner of it. We should 
 manage our fortune like our constitution : enjoy it when 
 good, have patience when bad, and never apply violent 
 remedies but in cases of necessity. Time is the old justice 
 that examines all offenders. The entire session has been 
 occupied in frivolous discussions on questions of secondary 
 importance. Glass would be much more brittle than it is, 
 if it were not subjected to the process of annealing. 
 
146 Gbajhiae School Speller and Definee. 
 
 — Hh — 
 
 457. Miscellaneous -words. Written exercise. 
 
 ftuer' u Ions, habitually complaining ; disposed to murmur. 
 
 Graf 1 tude, thankfulness; a due sense of kindness received. 
 
 Co er' cion, force ; restraint ; compulsion. 
 
 Ma raud' er, a plunderer ; one in search of booty. 
 
 Sur viv' or, one who outlives another. 
 
 Pro pi' tious, favorable ; kind ; auspicious ; benevolent. 
 
 Re ced' ing, moving back ; retreating ; withdrawing. 
 
 En ven' om, to taint with poison ; to exasperate ; to enrage*, 
 
 Con' so nant, agreeing ; consistent ; agreeable ; harmonious. 
 
 Per'fidy, treachery; the violation of a trust; faithlessness. 
 
 458. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Quad' rus, square ; quat' uor, four ; (quadr). 
 
 Quadrangle, quadrant, quadratic, quadrille, quadroon,. 
 
 quadruped, quadruple, quart, quarter, squadron, square. 
 
 Qu36' ro, qusesi' turn, in comp, qui' ro, quisi' turn, to seek ; 
 (quir, quisi t). Query, question, acquire, conquer, exqui- 
 site, inquest, inquire, inquisitive, request, require, requisite. 
 
 Qua' lis, of what sort; (qual). Quality, qualification. 
 
 Que'ror, I bewail; (quer). Querulous, quarrelsome. 
 
 Qui' es, quia' tis, rest ; (qui, quiet). 
 
 Quiet, inquietude, quiescent, acquiesce, requiem. 
 
 Quin'tus, fifth; (quint). Quintessence, quintuple. 
 
 Quot, how many ; (quot). Aliquot, quota, quotient. 
 
 459. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Indolent scholars do not appreciate the privileges they 
 enjoy. Amputation was performed to avoid gangrene. 
 Civil service promotions are decided upon by competitive 
 examinations. The Alabama claims were settled by arbi- 
 tration. The glory of great men should always be estimated 
 according to the means used to acquire it. Hope, deceitful 
 as it is, carries us agreeably through life. The artificial 
 contrivance called a celestial globe is a hollow sphere, on 
 the surface of Avhich are represented the stars and constel- 
 lations. Simplicity recommends every other excellence. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer. 147 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 460, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Tur' pi tude, wickedness ; moral baseness or vileness. 
 
 ftuan da' ry, a doubt; an uncertainty; a state of perplexity. 
 
 Ex tir' pate, to destroy wholly ; to eradicate ; to exterminate. 
 
 Lac' er ate, to tear ; to rend ; to break ; to mangle. 
 
 Ra pa' cious, disposed to seize by force ; subsisting on prey. 
 
 Cel' er y, a plant of the parsley family. 
 
 Sal' a ry, a stipulated payment for services ; Avages. 
 
 Eev' e ry, an idle fancy ; a fit of deep musing. 
 
 Height' ened, elevated ; exalted ; increased. 
 
 Strait' ened, constrained ; put to great inconvenience. 
 
 461, Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Ra' bies, madness ; (rab). Eabid, rabidness, rage, raging. 
 Ra' dius, a spoke of a wheel ; (rad). 
 
 Eadiate, radiant, radiation, radius, ray, irradiate. 
 Ra' dix, radi' cis, a root ; (rad, radio). 
 
 Radish, race (people), radical, radicle, eradicate. 
 Ra' do, ra' sum, to scrape ; (rad, ras). 
 
 Rase, erase, erasure, raze, razor, abrade, abrasion. 
 Ra' mus, a bough or branch ; (ram). Ramify, ramification. 
 Ran' ceo, to be stale ; (ranc). Rancid, rancor, rankle, rank. 
 Ra' pio, rap' tum, to snatch ; (rap, rapt). 
 
 Rapacious, rapacity, rapier, rapid, rapidity, rapine, rapt, 
 ravage, ravish, rapture, enrapture, surreptitious. 
 
 462, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Philosophy easily triumphs over past and future ills; but 
 'present ills triumph over philosophy. An incompetent ruler 
 is as injurious to the welfare of a state as a rapacious enemy. 
 Continued wrongs may make the wisest mad. Important 
 business dispenses with ceremony. The tongue is the glory 
 of man ; for though animals have memory, Avill, and intel- 
 lect, yet language is the Rubicon which they never have 
 . dared to cross. Language preserves the treasures of human 
 knowledge. ^^A word fitly spoken," says Solomon, "is 
 like apples of gold in pictures of silver.'^ 
 
148 GRAM3IAR School Speller and Definer, 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 463, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Cav a lier', a knight ; an armed horseman ; an equestrian. 
 
 Chan de lier', a frame with branches for candles or himps. 
 
 Main' ten ance, suj)port ; subsistence ; sustenance. 
 
 ftuar an tine', to prohibit from intercourse with the shore. 
 
 Strat' e gy, miUtary science ; military tactics. 
 
 Strat' a gem, an artifice in war ; a trick ; a manoeuvre. 
 
 Wretch' ed ly, unhappily ; miserably. 
 
 Por ten' tons, ominous ; foretelling ill. 
 
 Rav' en ous, furiously voracious ; rapacious.^ 
 
 Neg' li gence, carelessness ; continual inattention. 
 
 464, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Ba'rus, thin ; rare; (rar). Rare, rarely, rarefy, rarity. 
 Re'cens, recen'tis, new ; (recent). Eecent, recently. 
 Recip' rocus, mutual ; (reciproc). Eeciprocal, reciprocate. 
 Ke' go, rec' tum, to rule ; rex, re' gis, a king ; reg' num, a 
 
 kingdom ; reg' ula, a rule ; (reg, reet, regn). 
 
 Rectify, rectitude, rector, regal, regalia, regent, regicide, 
 regimen, regiment, region, regular, realm, reign, rule, cor- 
 rect, incorrigible, direct, er'ect, erection, resurrection. 
 Re' or, ra' tus, to think ; ra' tio, reason ; (re, rat). 
 
 Eate, ratify, ratio, ration, rational, reason, reasonable. 
 Re'po, rep' tum, to creep; (rept). Eeptile, reptilian. 
 Re'te, a net; (ret). Eeticule, reticulate, retiform, retina. 
 
 465, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 We seldom find people ungrateful so long as we are in a 
 condition to serve them. The florist displays exquisite taste 
 in the arrangement of his flowers. A^aulting ambition oft 
 o'erleaps itself. The grief that does not speak whispers the 
 o'erfraught heart and bids it break. The w^ords which a 
 man of genius selects are as much his own as his thoughts. 
 Few persons are aware how much knowledge is sometimes 
 necessary to give the etymology of a word. Words, without ' 
 thoughts, never go to heaven. Daniel Webster Avas often 
 Been absorbed in the study of an English dictionary. 
 
GRAM3IAR School Speller and Befiner. 149 
 
 466. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Im pres' si ble, that may be marked by pressure ; susceptive. 
 Par a pher na' 11 a, appendages ; ornaments ; trappings. 
 CM can' er y, mean act of wrangling ; trickery ; sopliistry. 
 Es pe' cial ly, principally ; cliiefly ; specially. 
 Dis' ere pan cy, dilTerence ; disagreement ; inconsistency. 
 Pet ri fac' tion, the process of changing into stone. 
 Put re fac' tion, the process of putrefying ; rottenness. 
 E ma' ci at ed, thin ; lean by gradual loss of health. 
 Pro pi' ti ate, to conciliate ; to appease one offended. 
 Ap pre' ci ate, to set a just value on ; to rate properly. 
 
 467. Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Ri'deo, ri' sum, to laugh ; (rid, ris). 
 
 Eidicule, ridiculous, risible, deride, derisive, derision. 
 Rig'idus, stiff with cold ; (rig). Rigid, rigidly, rigorous. 
 Ei'go, riga' tum, to water a field ; (rigat). Irrigation. - 
 Ri' pa, a shore; (rip). Arrive, arrival, riparian. 
 Ri'tus, a ceremony ; (rit). Eite, ritual, ritualist. 
 Ri' vus, a brook ; a river ; (riv). 
 
 Eiver, rivulet, rill, derivative, derivation, rival, rivalry. 
 Ro'bur, ro'boris, the oak ; strength; (robor). 
 
 Eobust, robustness, corroborate, corroboration. 
 Ro'do, ro'sum, to gnaw ; (rod, res). 
 
 Corrode, corrosion, corrosive, rodent, rostrum, rostral. 
 
 468. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 To study men, is more necessary than to study books. 
 Who dares do all that may become a mau, 
 And dares no more, he is a man indeed. 
 The queen seldom exercises her authority to prorogue par- 
 liament. It is w^ell known that persons skilled in gesticu- 
 lation can communicate by it a long series of facts and 
 complicated trains of thought. Poetry defies translation : 
 it is too subtle an essence to be poured from one vessel into 
 another without loss. There is a secret instinct which leads 
 even the most illiterate to recognize ihe potency of w^ords. 
 
150 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 469, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Con stit' u ent, one who deputes another to act for him. 
 
 Ex cru' ci ate, to torture ; to afflict with great pain. 
 
 Ea pac' i ty, addicted to plunder ; ravenousness. 
 
 Men a' ge rie, a collection of foreign or wild beasts. 
 
 Scin til la' tion, a spark ; intellectual splendor. 
 
 Du plic' i ty, deceit ; deception ; doubleness ; artfulness. 
 
 Fran gi bil' 1 ty, the quality of being brittle. 
 
 In tu i' tion, the act of seeing at once by the mind. 
 
 So lie' i tude, carefulness ; concern ; anxious care ; anxiety. 
 
 Im pla' ca ble, inexorable ; unrelenting ; ruthless. 
 
 470, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Ho' go, roga' tum, to ask ; (rog, rogat). 
 
 Abrogate, arrogate, arrogance, derogatory, interrogate, 
 interrogation, prerogatiye, prorogue, supererogation. 
 Bo' sa, a rose ; (ros). Eose, roseate, rosy, rosette, rosary. 
 Ro'ta, a wheel ; rotun' dus, round ; (rot, rotund). 
 
 Eotate, rotation, rotatory, rote, rotund, rotundity. 
 Ru'ber, ru'bri, red; (rub, rubr). 
 
 Euby, rubiform, rubricate, rubrics, rubicund, ruddy. 
 Ru'dis, rude ; untaught ; (rud). Eude, rudiment, erudit'on. 
 Bum'po, rup'tum, to break ; (rump, rupt). 
 
 Eupture, abrupt, bankrupt, corrupt, eruption, interru.pt. 
 Rus, ru' ris, the country; (rus, rur). Eural, rustic, rusticate. 
 
 471, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 The sacred places were profaned, and the consecrated 
 vessels w^ere trampled in the dust. Spend not basely that 
 which worthy hands have honorably w^on. Suspicion is 
 full of eyes. The cheek is apter than the tongue to tell 
 an errand. Turn past evils to advantage. Why have we 
 memory sufficient to retain the minutest circumstances of 
 events, and yet not enough to remember how often we have 
 related them to the same person ? Both the climate of a 
 country and the mind of its people are revealed in its speech. 
 Man wasteth titnOj and then time waste tli him. 
 
Grammar School Speller axd Definer, 151 
 
 472, Miscellaneous -words. Written exercise. 
 
 Phre nol' o gy, the study of the special functions of the brain. 
 / Au dac' i ty, boldness ; intrepidity ; effrontery. 
 ( Per spi cac' i ty, acuteness of sight or discernment. 
 
 Gen er os' i ty, nobleness of heart ; liberality ; bounty. 
 
 In i ti a' tion, admission ; entrance ; reception. 
 
 Cer e mo' ni ous, observant of outward rites ; formal ; exact. 
 
 Le' ni en cy, lenity ; mildness ; clemency. 
 
 Ef fi ca' cious, producing the effect intended ; powerful. 
 
 Flex i bir i ty, pliancy ; readiness to comply.- 
 
 Par a lyt' ic, affected with paralysis ; palsied. 
 
 473, Latin roots ^nd English derivatives. 
 
 Sac' charum, sugar ; (sacehar). Saccharine, sugar. 
 Sae'cus, a bag; (saec). Sac, sack, sackcloth, satchel. 
 Sa' cer, sa' era, holy ; (saer). 
 
 Sacerdotal, sacrament, sacramental, sacred, sacrifice, sacri- 
 legious, sacristan, sacristy, consecrate, desecrate, execrate. 
 Sa'gax, saga'cis, knowing; (sag). Sage, sagacity, presage. 
 Sal, salt ; (sal). Saline, salary, salt, salad, sauce, sausage, 
 Sa' lio, sal'tum, in com]), sul'tum, to leap ; (sal, suit). 
 
 Salient, sally, salmon, assail, assailant, assault, assaulter, 
 desultory, exult, exulting, exultation, insult, result. 
 Sa' lus, salu' tis, health ; sal' vus, safe ; (salut, salv). 
 
 Salubrious, salutary, salute, salvage, salvation, safe, save. 
 
 474, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 The art of setting off moderate qualifications often gives 
 more reputation than real merit. The regimen prescribed 
 by his medical adviser was duly observed, and the result 
 Avas satisfactory. Where there are bad habits, a shght 
 temptation overcomes good resolutions. True wit is not 
 only wit in itself, but, by sympathy and excitement, the 
 cause of wit in others. Powder, when employed to relievo 
 the oppressed and punish the oppressor, becomes a great 
 blessing. The value of a book is immediately depreciated 
 by the publication of a better one on the same subject. 
 

 4 
 
 152 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — * — 
 
 475. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Hy poc' ri sy, a concealment of one's real character or motiYCS. 
 
 Su prem' a cy, liigliest place^ authority^ or power. 
 
 Em' is sa ry, a person sent on private business. 
 
 Ev a nes' cent, vanishing ; fleeting ; imperceptible. 
 
 Dig' ni ta ry, a clergyman of iiigh rank. 
 
 Cem' e ter y, an area, or place where the dead are buried. 
 
 Prej u di' cial, mischievous ; hurtful ; injurious. 
 
 Ex ter' mi nate, to drive beyond the borders ; to eradicate. 
 
 Ac qui es' cence, compliance ; a quiet consent. 
 
 Mo nop' ly, the exclusive possession of any thing. 
 
 476. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 San' cio, sane' turn, to consecrate ; (sanct). 
 
 Sanction, sanctify, sanctuary, sanctum, saint, saintly. 
 San'guis, san'guinis, blood; (sangnin). 
 
 Sanguinary, sanguine, sang-froid, consanguinity. 
 Sa'nus, sound; whole; (san). Sane, sanity, insanity, sanitary. 
 Sa' pio, I taste ; to be wise ; sa' por, taste ; (sap). 
 
 Sapient, sapid, sapidity, savor, savory, insipid. 
 Sa'tis, enough ; sa'tur, full ; (sat, satur). 
 
 Sate, satiate, satiety, insatiate, satisfy, satisfaction, satis- 
 factory, dissatisfy, saturate, satire, satirical. 
 Scan' do, scan' sum, in com]), seen' do, seen' sum, to climb ; 
 
 (scan, seend, seens). Scan, ascend, descend, transcend, 
 
 477. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Hypocrisy is the homage that vice pays to virtue. N"ar- 
 rowness of mind is often the cause of obstinacy : we do not 
 easily believe beyond what we see. Telegraphic communi- 
 cation between the two cities Avas interrupted by the storm. 
 Those who can do nothing but speak nothings must pass 
 for nothing. He who keeps vile company must be content 
 if his best virtues and affections arc thought hypocrisy. 
 If ills be necessary, then let us meet them like necessities. 
 As his veracity has never been questioned, v/e Ijavo no 
 reason to doubt the truth of his assertion. 
 
GRAM3IAR School Speller aaij Definer. 153 
 — 4- — 
 
 478. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 XJ nan' i mous, being of one mind ; harmonious. 
 A non' y mous, without the author's name ; nameless. 
 Def i ni' tion, a statement of the exact meaning of a word. 
 Y Pan a ce' a, a medicine supposed to cure all diseases. 
 Her biv' o rons, feeding on plants or herbage. 
 Pen i ten' tial, proceeding from^ or expressing, penitence. 
 In sur rec' tion, a rebellion ; a reyolt ; a sedition. 
 Fra ter' ni ty, a corporation ; a society ; an association. 
 Ac com' pa ni ment, an appendage ; something attending. 
 Rep e ti' tion, a recital ; a reliearsal ; tautology ; iteration, 
 
 479. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Sein' do, scis' sum, to cut ; (scind, sciss). 
 
 Scissors, abscind, excise, excision, rescind. 
 Scintir la, a spark ; (scintill). Scintillate, scintillation. 
 Sci' o, sci' tum, to know ; (sci, scit). 
 
 Science, scientific, conscience, omniscient, prescience. 
 Serf bo, scrip' tum, to write; (scrib, script). 
 
 Scribe, script. Scriptures, ascribe, circumscribe, conscript, 
 describe, description, inscribe, inscription, manuscript, post- 
 script, prescribe, proscribe, subscribe, superscribe, transcribe. 
 Scru'pulus, a small stone; a doubt; (scrupul). Scruple. 
 Scru' tor, I seek ; I search dihgently ; (scrut). 
 
 Scrutinize, scrutiny, inscrutable, inscrutability. 
 
 480. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 It is not enough to have good qualities ; we should also 
 have the power to manage them. The president's obsequies 
 were performed with great decorum. Good-natnre is often 
 stifled by the smallest interest. The shame which arises 
 from praise which we do not deserve, often makes us do 
 things we should never otherwise have attempted. A still 
 and quiet conscience is a peace above all earthly dignities. 
 The streets were filled with poor, starving wretches, the 
 picture of misery and poverty, and with nothing but a few 
 rags to protect them from the inclemency of the season. 
 
154 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 481, Miscellaneous -words. Written exercise. 
 
 Sim plic' i ty, plainness ; sincerity ; singleness. 
 
 A mel' io rate, to make better ; to imjarove ; to ameliorate. 
 
 A dur ter ate, to corrupt ; to debase ; to make impure. 
 
 Af fa bir i ty, readiness to j3on verse ; courtesy ; urbanity. 
 
 Sen ti men^ tal, abounding in sensibility ; easily affected. 
 
 Brag ga do' ci o, a boaster ; a braggart* 
 
 Au ric' u lar, pertaining to tbe ear ; conveyed by hearing. 
 
 Or bic' u lar, spherical ; circular ; shaped like an orb. 
 
 I sos' ce les, having two sides equal, as a triangle. 
 
 Det es ta' tion, extreme hatred ; abhorrence ; abomination. 
 
 482, Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Seul' po, sculp' turn, to carve ; (sculp). Sculpture. 
 Scur' ra, a scoffer ; (scurr). Scurrilous^ scurrility. 
 Scu' turn, a shield ; (scut). Scutcheon, esquire, squire. 
 Se' CO, sec' tum, to cut ; (sec, sect). 
 
 Secant, sect, sectarian, section, segment, bisect, dissection, 
 insect, insectivorous, intersect, intersection, venesection. 
 Se' culum, an age ; the world ; (secul). Secular, secularize. 
 Se'deo, incomp, si'deo, ses'sum, to sit; (sed, sid, sess). 
 
 Sedentary, sediment, sedimentary, sedulous, seat, sea, 
 session, assess, assessment, assessor, assiduous, assiduity, 
 assize, insidious, possess, preside, reside, subside, supersede. 
 Se' men, se' minis, a seed ; (sem). Seminary, disseminate. 
 
 483, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Eaillery is more annoying than injury ; for we have a 
 right to resent injuries, but it is ridiculous to be angry at 
 a jest. The colonies asserted their rights, and made every 
 exertion to preserve them. Faith says, ^' There is a world 
 elsewhere." Love the name of honor more than you fear 
 death. Use diligence and perseverance, and you cannot fail 
 of success. The temples of the Greeks took their names 
 from the deities to whom they were dedicated, l^othing is 
 more subject to mistake than anticipated judgment con- 
 cerning the ease or difficulty of an undertaking. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Deejner. 155 
 — ^ — 
 
 484. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 In sep' a ra ble, that cannot be separated or disjoined. 
 
 I ras' ci ble, prone to anger ; easily provoked ; passionate. 
 
 De pre ci a' tion, the act of lessening the value. 
 
 Ac' ces sa ry, aiding in producing some effect. 
 
 Com pla' cen cy, civility ; gratification ; satisfaction. 
 
 Me die' i nal, having the property of healing ; sanative. 
 
 Au then' ti cate, to prove by proper authority. 
 
 In au' gu rate, to invest with a new office by solemn rites. 
 
 Mu nif ' i cent, liberal ; generous ; bountiful ; beneficent. 
 
 Be nef ' i cent, doing good ; bountiful ; kind ; liberal. 
 
 485. Ziatiu roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Se'nex, se'nis, an old man; (sen). 
 
 Senate, senior, senile, senility, seignior, sire, sir. 
 Sen'tio, sen' sum, to feel; to think ; (sent, sens). 
 
 Sense, sensation, sensible, sensitive, nonsense, sensual, 
 sentence, sententious, sentiment, scent, assent, consent, 
 dissent, dissenter, j)resentiment, resentful, resentment. 
 Sep' tem, seven ; (sept). September, septuagint, seven. 
 Se' quor, seen' tus, to follow ; (sequ, secut). 
 
 Sequel, sequence, sue, suit, suitable, consecutive, conse- 
 quent, consequence, ensue, execute, executive, obsequies, 
 obsequious, persecute, prosecute, pursuance, subsequent. 
 Sere' nus, clear ; (seren). Serene, serenity, serenade. 
 
 486. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Care and toil came into the world with sin, and remain 
 ever since inseparable from it. When the vapor of pure 
 chloroform is respired, it soon induces insensibility. Cow- 
 ards die many times before their deaths : the valiant never 
 taste death but once. A soldier without discretion seldom 
 gains distinction. Feats of strength or agility excite our 
 wonder and surprise, but they seldom raise in us any great 
 degree of admiration. I endeavored to soothe his grief* 
 and, after some time, succeeded in convincing him of the 
 necessity of submitting to the affliction. 
 
\ 
 
 156 Grammar School Speller and Definer, 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 487, Miscellaneous vrords. Written exercise. 
 
 Or' a to ry, the art of speaking well ; eloquence. 
 
 Cer tif ' i cate, a credential ; a testimonial. 
 
 Im pe' ri ous, liaughty ; dictatorial; arrogant; overbearing. 
 
 A nem' o ne, a genus of perennial herbs. 
 
 Hal lu ci na' tion, a diseased imagination; an error; fallac}^ 
 
 Per en' ni al, lasting through the year ; perpetual. 
 
 Dil a ta' tion, expansion ; extension in every direction. 
 
 Ca tas' tro phe, calamity ; disaster ; a final event. 
 
 An i mad ver' sion, rej)roof ; severe criticism ; censure. 
 
 Prob lem at' i cal, questionable ; uncertain ; doubtful. 
 
 488, Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Se' ro, ser' turn, to knit ; se- ries, a succession ; (ser, sert). 
 
 Seriatim, series, serial, sermon, assert, assertion, desert, 
 desertion, dissertation, exert, exertion, insert, insertion. 
 Ser'po, I creep; (serp). Serpent, serpentine. 
 Ser'vio, servi' turn, to obey; (serv). 
 
 Serf, serve, servant, servile, sergeant, deserve, subservient. 
 Ser' vo, serva' tum, to keep ; (serv). 
 
 Conserve, conservative, conservatory, observe, observation, 
 preserve, preservation, reserve, reservation, reservoir. 
 Sex, six ; (sex). Senary, sexennial, sextuple, six, sixth. 
 Si' dus, si' deris, a star ; (sider). 
 
 Consider, considerate, desirable, desideratum, sidereal. 
 
 489, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Prosperity is a greater trial of virtue than adversity. 
 Weak people are incapable of sincerity. Laziness persuades 
 ns that those things are impracticable which we might 
 easily accomplish. Seek not for danger where there is no 
 profit. He jests at scars that never felt a wound. One of 
 the most essential points in forming a good disposition is to 
 ^repress every inclination to satire and vanity. Some studies 
 require but an understanding, but there are others which 
 demand a very laborious and continued exertion of the in- 
 tellect. Pride is man's legacy from his first parents. 
 
GEA3IMAR School Speller and Definer. 157 
 — 'i^ — 
 
 490, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Ap prox' i mate, near to ; next ; nearly accurate. 
 
 Im pe' ri al, royal ; regal ; commanding ; sui3reme. 
 
 Em pyr' e al, formed of pure lire or light ; highly refined. 
 
 Dem on stra' tion, proof by the exhibition of facts. 
 
 En pho' ni ous, agreeable in sound ; harmonious. 
 
 Sto lid' i ty, AYant of sense ; stupidity ; dulness of intellect. 
 
 Be a tif ■ ic, affording heavenly bliss ; making happy. 
 
 Cor ru ga' tion, a wrinkling ; a contraction into wrinkles. 
 
 Phi Ian' thro py, love of mankind generally ; humanity. 
 
 E lu' ci date, to make clear ; to expound ; to illustrate. 
 
 491, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Sig' num, a sign ; (sign). 
 
 Sign, signal, signature, signet, signify, insignificant, 
 assign, assignee, consign, consignment, countersign, de- 
 sign, designate, designation, ensign, insignia, resignation. 
 Sil' eo, I am silent ; (sil). Silent, silently, silence. 
 Si' lex, sil'icis, flint; (silic). Silica, silicate, silicious. 
 Sil'va, a wood ; (silv). Pennsylvania, sylvan, savage. 
 Sim' ills, like ; (simil). 
 
 Similar, similarity, simile, assimilate, dissemble, dissimu- 
 lation, resemble, resemblance, verisimilitude, simulate. 
 Si'mul, at the same time; (simul). Simultaneous. 
 Sin' gulus, one by one ; (singul). Single, singularity. 
 
 492, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 There is nearly as much ability requisite to know how to 
 make use of good advice, as to know how to act without it. 
 Those who apply themselves too much to little things, com- 
 monly become incapable of great ones. Extreme avarice 
 always makes mistakes. Those strike quickly, being moved, 
 who are not quickly moved to strike. Take each man's 
 censure ; but reserve thy judgment. There are many cla-^ 
 morons for reform who forget the reformation requisite in 
 themselves. By the application of heat, the coffee bean 
 emits a powerful and agreeable odor. 
 
158 GRAM3IAE School Speller and Define r, 
 
 — -J, — 
 
 493, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Am has' sa dor, a nation's representative at a foreign court. 
 
 Em bar' rass ment, confusion of mind ; perplexity. 
 
 Ce ler' i ty, quickness ; swiftness ; Telocity. 
 
 Hi lar' i ty, mirth ; gayety ; merriment. 
 
 Prom' is so ry, pertaining to, or containing a promise. 
 
 Cel' i ba cy, an unmarried state ; single life. 
 
 E quiv' a lent, equal in value or worth ; commensurate. 
 
 Ac cer er ate, to hasten ; to cause to move faster. 
 
 Me rid' i an, the highest point; culminating ; noon. 
 
 Phe nom' e na, things remarkable in nature. 
 
 494, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Sf nus, a bent surface ; the bosom ; (sin). 
 
 Sine, sinus, sinuous, sinuosity, insinuate, insinuation. 
 Sis' to, sta' tum, to stand ; (sist). 
 
 Assist, assistance, unassisted, consist, consistency, desist, 
 exist, existence, insist, persist, resist, subsist, subsistence. 
 Si' tus, situation ; (sit). Site, situate, situation. 
 So'cio, socia'tum, to join ; so'cius, a companion ; (soci). 
 
 Sociable, social, society, associate, association, dissociate. 
 Sol, so' lis, the sun; (sol). Sol, solar, solstice, parasol. 
 Solem' nis, annual ; religiously regular ; (solemn). 
 
 Solemn, solemnity, solemnize, solemnly. 
 Solici' tus, anxious ; uneasy ; (solicit). Solicit, solicitude. 
 
 495, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Everybody takes pleasure in returning small obligations, 
 but there are few who do not repay great ones with ingra- 
 titude. ]N"othing is so contagious as example. Fortune 
 turns everything to the advantage of her favorites. Inno- 
 cence finds not near so much protection as guilt. We joro- 
 mise according to our hopes, and perform according to our 
 fears. The apparel oft proclaims the man. Brevity is the 
 soul of wit. Take unity out of the world, and it dissolves 
 into chaos. Let your speech be always with grace, seasoned 
 with salt. 
 
GRA3IMAR School Speller and Definer, 159 
 — ^. — 
 
 496. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 E quiv' cate, to evade the truth ; to quibble ; to dodge. 
 
 Pre var' i cate, to shuffle ; to use equivocations. 
 
 Pro gen' i tor, an ancestor ; a forefather. 
 
 Ob se' qui ous, basely submissive ; servile; cringing; fawning. 
 
 In un da' tion, an overflow of water ; a flood ; a deluge. 
 
 Leg' en da ry, fabulous ; romantic. 
 
 Oph' thai my, inflammation of the eye. 
 
 An ach' ro nism, an error in computing time. 
 
 Per pe tra' tion, the act of committing a crime. 
 
 Ac ri mo' ni ous, sharp ; bitter ; sarcastic ; censorious. 
 
 497. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Sol'idus, firm ; hard ; (solid). 
 
 Solid, solidify, solder, soldier, consolidate, consols. 
 So' lor, sola' tus, to comfort; (sol, solat). 
 
 Solace, console, consolation, inconsolable, disconsolate. 
 So' lus, alone ; (sol). 
 
 Sole, soliloquy, solitary, solitude, solo, sullen, desolate. 
 Sol'vo, solu'tum, to loosen ; (solv, solut). 
 
 Solve, solvent, solvency, soluble, solution, absolve, abso- 
 lution, dissolve, dissolute, dissolution, resolve, irresolution. 
 Som' nus, sleep ; (somn). Somniferous, somnambulist. 
 So' no, son' itum, to sound ; (son). 
 
 Sound, sonnet, sonorous, consonant, dissonant, resonant, 
 
 498. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 How can we expect that another should keep our secret, 
 when it is more than we can do ourselves ? Self-love makes 
 men idolize themselves, and tyrannize over others. A wise 
 man had rather avoid an engagement than conquer. When 
 sorrows come, they come not single spies, but in battalions. 
 that men should pat an enemy in their mouths, to steal 
 away their brains ! The solemn usage of praying for the 
 dead is founded on the belief that there exists a middle 
 state of purification and suffering, through which the soul 
 passes after death. No legacy is so rich as honesty. 
 
160 Grammar School Speller and Definer, 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 499. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Del e te' ri ous, destructive ; poisonous ; injurious. 
 
 Sub ter ra' ne ous, lying under the surface of tlie eartli. 
 
 Di lap' i date, to pull down ; to go to ruin, as a building. 
 
 He red' i ta ry, descendipg from an ancestor. 
 
 Fas tid' i ous, disdainful ; over-nice ; liard to please. 
 
 Dis qui' e tude, uneasiness ; agitation ; anxiety; disturbance. 
 
 In ter' po late, to alter by inserting sometliing new. 
 
 Ben e ii' eia ry, a person benefited or assisted. 
 
 Or ni thol' o gy, the natural history of birds. 
 
 Ich thy or gy, the natural history of fishes. 
 
 500. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 So' por, poppy juice; (sopor). Soporific, soporiferous. 
 Sor' beo, sorp' turn, to suck up ; (sorb). Absorb, absorption. 
 Sors, sor'tis, a lot; (sort). Sort, assort, consort, sorcery. 
 Spar' go, spar' sum, in comjo, sper' sum, to scatter ; (sparg, 
 
 spars, spers). Sparse, asperse, disjoersion, inters23erse. 
 Spa' tium, sjiace ; (spati). Space, spacious, expatiate. 
 Spe'cio, in comp, spi'eio, speo'tum, to see ; (spec, spic, spect) 
 
 Species, special, especial, specie, specify, specific, speci 
 fication, specimen, specious, spectacle, sjoectator, spectre, 
 spectrum, speculate, aspect, auspices, circumspect, couspi 
 cuous, despise, expect, inspect, perspective, perspicuous 
 prospect, respect, retrospect, suspect, suspicious, suspicion, 
 
 501. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 A plausible, insignificant word, in the mouth of an expert 
 demagogue, is a dangerous and dreadful weapon. Avarice 
 reigns most in those Avho have but few good qualities to 
 recommend them. Automatic operations are dis|)layed to 
 most advantage in our modern cotton and flax mills. The 
 unfortunate crew, having lost everything they possessed, 
 were supplied with clothes, and furnished with money to 
 enable them to reach their homes. The date of the inven- 
 tion of gunpowder is involved in obscurity. ISTo arguments 
 can justify us in retaining the property of another. 
 
GRAM2IAR School Speller and Definer, IGl 
 
 502. Miscellaneous "words. Written exercise. 
 
 In far li ble, nofc capable of erring ; not liable to fail. 
 
 In del' 1 ble, not to be blotted out ; permanent. 
 
 Car' i ca ture, a ludicrous representation. 
 
 De clam' a to ry, rhetorical ; yeliement ; noisy ; inflated. 
 
 Ex tra' ne ous, foreign ; not intrinsic ; exterior. 
 
 Eq' ui ta ble, distributing equal justice ; just ; equal. 
 
 Con' tu ma cy, stubbornness ; unyielding obstinacy. 
 
 Dis sim ii la' tion, false pretence ; hypocrisy ; deceit. 
 
 Dis ere' tion a ry, controlled only by judgment. 
 
 Cal is then' ics, exercise for health, strength, or elegance. 
 
 503. Iiatin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Spe'ro, spera'tum, to hope ; (sper, sperat). 
 
 Despair, desperado, desperation, prosperous, prosperity. 
 
 Spi' na, a thorn ; (spin). Spine, spiniferous, spinous. 
 
 Spi' ro, spira' turn, to breatlie ; spi' ritus, breath ; (spir, 
 spirat, spirit). Spirit, spiritual, sprightly, sprite, aspire, 
 aspiration, aspirate, conspire, conspiracy, expire, inspire, 
 inspiration, perspire, perspiration, respiration, transpire. 
 
 Splen'deo, I shine; (splend). 
 
 Splendid, splendor, resplendent, transplendency. 
 
 Spo' lium, booty ; (spoli). Spoil, spoliation, despoil. 
 
 Spon' deo, spon' sum, to promise ; (spond, spons). 
 Sponsor, spontaneous, correspond, despond, respond. 
 
 504. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 The major, being a person of consummate experience, 
 was invested with discretionary power. Men are never so 
 likely to settle a question rightly as when they discuss it 
 freely. The learned eye, versed equally in nature and art, 
 easily compares the picture with its archetype. This is a 
 hall for mutual consultation and discussion, not an arena 
 for the exhibition of champions. Nothing is better founded 
 than the famous aphorism of rhetoricians, that the perfec- 
 tion of art consists in concealing art. A spoiled child per- 
 sists in his folly from perversity of humor. 
 
102 Gra^imar School Speller and JJefiner. 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 505, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Pat ro nym' ic, a name derived from that of an ancestor. 
 
 Or di na' tion, the act of conferring holy orders. 
 
 An thor' i ty, legal power ; force ; inflnence ; ascendency. 
 
 La bo' ri ous, assiduous-; diligent in work ; arduous. 
 
 De du' ci ble, that may be inferred ; consequential. 
 
 Ad veil ti'tious, accidental; casual; foreign; additional. 
 
 Cy clo pse' di a, a dictionary of the arts and sciences. 
 
 bit' u a ry, a notice of one dead ; necrology. 
 
 Con' tu me ly, rudeness ; insolence ; reproach. 
 
 Mer e tri' cious, having a gaudy appearance ; fallacious ; false. 
 
 506, !Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Squal' idus, filthy ; (squal). Squalidness^ squalor. 
 Stag' num, standing water ; (stagn). Stagnant, stagnation. 
 Stel' la, a star; (stell). Stellar, stellate, constellation. 
 Ster' ills, barren ; unfruitful; (steril). Sterile, sterility. 
 Ster' no, stra' turn, to spread out ; to lay fiat; (stern, strat). 
 
 Stratum, stratify, substratum, consternation, j)rostrate. 
 Stil'la, a drop ; (still). Still, distillation, distillery, instil. 
 Stim'ulus, a spur ; (stimul). 
 
 Stimulus, stimulate, stimulative, stimulation, stimulant. 
 Stin' guo, tine' turn, to mark ; to quench ; (stingu, stinct). 
 
 Distinct, distinction, distinctive, distinguish, extinct, ex- 
 tinction, extinguish, instinct, instinctive, instinctively. 
 
 507, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Money differs from bullion in this, that the quantity of 
 gold or silver in each piece is ascertained by the stamp. 
 Custom has some ascendency over the understanding. In 
 the dubious interval between the commitment and trial, 
 tlie prisoner ought to be treated with the utmost humanity. 
 An action, however conducive to the good of our country, 
 may be represented as prejudicial to it. We can put no 
 trust in a liar, nor give any credit to his tales. Patro- 
 nymics were employed chiefly by the classical poets of anti- 
 quity. Fiction may be as plausible as truth. 
 
GRAM3IAR School Speller and Definer. 1G3 
 — ^ — 
 
 508, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise 
 
 Eu lo' gi urn, praise ; encomium ; panegyric. 
 
 Com pli ment' a ry, expressive of civility, honor, or respect. 
 
 Dec 11 na' tion, deviation from a right line ; a refusal. 
 
 In de fen' si ble, not to be justified ; censurable ; faulty. 
 
 In ad ver' tent, heedless ; careless ; negligent. 
 
 In tor er ant, not able to endure ; difference of opinion. 
 
 Lit i ga' tion, a judicial contest ; a lawsuit. 
 
 Ap pur' te nant, belonging to, as an adjunct; joined to. 
 
 H"u' ga to ry, trifling ; futile ; insignificant ; Avorthless. 
 
 Per men ta' tion, a spontaneous change in a substance. 
 
 509, Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Stips, sti'pis, wages; pjay; (stip). Stipend, stipendiary. 
 Stirps, stir' pis, a root; (stirp). Extirpate, extirpation. 
 Sto, sta' tum, in com;p, sti' tum, to stand; (st, stat, stit). 
 
 Stable, unstable, staple, station, stationary, stationer, 
 stationery, state, statesman, stay, armistice, arrest, circum- 
 stance, constable, constant, contrast, distant, establish, 
 estate, extant, instant, instantaneous, interstice, obstacle, 
 obstinate, rest (remainder), restive, solstice, substance, 
 superstition, Transubstantiation, statue, statuary, stature, 
 statute, constitute, constitution, constituent, constituency, 
 destitute, institute, restitution, substitute, substitution. 
 Stran'gulo, I choke ; (strangul). Strangle, strangulation. 
 
 510, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Plain, wholesome food, pure air, and regular exercise 
 will not only strengthen the bodily powers, but will also 
 preserve tlie mental faculties in a healthy state. Malaria 
 is caused by the malignant vapors which arise from exten- 
 sive tracts of land covered with stagnant water. The 
 method of finding the ratio of the diameter of a circle 
 to its circumference, affords an instance of geometrical 
 approximation. To act in direct opposition to our convic- 
 tions is unreasonable. Suspicions dispose kings to tyranny. 
 Nothing quells a spirit of litigation like despair of success. 
 
164 Grammar School Speller and Defixer, 
 
 4 
 
 511, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Vi cis' si tude, alternate succession ; change; revolution. 
 
 In vis' i ble, that cannot be perceived by the sight. 
 
 II leg' i ble, that cannot be read. 
 
 IT biq' ui ty, existence in all places at the same time. 
 
 Dis crim' i nate, to distinguish by certain tokens. 
 
 Des' ul to ry, by starts and leaps ; hasty ; without method. 
 
 Sov' er eign ty, supreme power or rule ; higli authority. 
 
 Der e lie' tion, act of forsaking ; abandonment ; desertion. 
 
 TJn ten' a ble, that cannot be held in possession. 
 
 Dis cern' i ble, that may be perceived ; perceptible. 
 
 512, Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Strin' go, stric' tum, to draw tight ; (string, strict). 
 
 Stringent, strict, stricture, strain, straitened, astringent, 
 constrain, distress, district, restrain, restrict, restriction. 
 Stru' o, struc' turn, to build ; (stru, struct). 
 
 Structure, construct, construe, destroy, instruct, instruc- 
 tion, instrument, instrumentality, obstruct, superstructure. 
 Stu' deo, I study; (stud). Study, studious, student, studio. 
 Stu' pec, I am astonished ; I am torpid ; (stup). Stupid, 
 
 stupidity, stupefy, stupefaction, stupendous, stupor. 
 Sua' deo, sua' sum, to advise ; (suad, suas). 
 
 Suasion, dissuade, persuade, persuasion, persuasive. 
 Sua' vis, sweet; soft; (suav). Sua.ve, suavity, assuage. 
 
 513, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Kindness united witli firmness is a more efficacious means 
 of securing obedience than indiscriminate harshness and 
 severity. Without the faculty of memory, no advantage 
 can be derived from an enlarged experience. The fruitful- 
 ness of the trees is due partly to the natural fertility of the 
 soil, and partly to the warm sun and refreshing showers 
 whicli have been so prevalent during the summer. In 
 many of the "West India Islands, the plants and herbs may 
 be said to grow almost spontaneously. It is folly to con- 
 sider things impossible because they are impracticable. 
 
-^ 
 
 Gra^hiar School Speller and Definer, 165 
 — 4* — 
 
 514. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Ex or' bi tant, unreasonable ; enormous ; extravagant. 
 Im per' ti nent, irrelevant ; rude ; intrusive ; frivolous. 
 In tim' 1 date, to imj)ress with fear ; to overawe ; to appall. 
 I den' ti ty, state of being the same ; sameness. 
 Rep a ra' tion, restoration ; compensation ; amends. 
 Som nam' bu list, ^ person who walks in his sleep. 
 In cen' di a ry, one who maliciously burns buildings. 
 Prof' 11 ga cy, depravity ; wickedness ; shameless vice. 
 Ac cept' a ble, sure to be well received ; welcome ; pleasing. 
 In vin' ci ble, insuperable • unconquerable. 
 
 515. Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Subli' mis, high ; lofty; (sublim). Sublimity, sublimate. 
 Suffra' glum, a vote ; (suffrag). Suffrage, suffragan. 
 Su'go, suc'tum, to suck ; (sug, suet). 
 
 Suck, suckle, suckling, suction, succulence, succulency. 
 Sum' ma, the top ; (summ). Summit, sum, consummate. 
 Su'mo, sump'tum, to take ; sump'tus, cost ; (sum, sumpt). 
 
 Sumptuous, sumptuary, assume, consume, consumptive, 
 consumption, presume, presumption, presumptuous, resume. 
 Su' per, above ; over; (super). 
 
 Superior, supreme, insuperable, sovereign, sovereignty. 
 Sur' go, surrec'tum, to rise ; (surg, surrect). 
 
 Surge, source, insurgent, insurrectionary, resurrection. 
 
 516. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation, 
 
 Solomon, in all his glory, was not arrayed like one of 
 these. In America, literature and the elegant arts must 
 grow up side by side with the coarser plants of daily neces- 
 sity. Perfect good-breeding is equally inconsistent with a 
 stiff formality, an impertinent forwardness, and an awk- 
 ward bashfulness. The poor man became so weak and 
 emaciated by his long illness, that he was no louger fit 
 to work. The most enormous wealth and most successful 
 ambition have seldom produced satisfaction. Vanity is the 
 most fruitful source of unhappiness. 
 
166 GRA3niAR School Speller and Definer, 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 517. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Pre rog' a tive, an exclusive or peculiar privilege. 
 
 In dis' so In ble, that cannot be dissolved ; indestructible. 
 
 In ca pac' i tate, to disable ; to disqualify. 
 y Dir a to ry, inclined to delay ; tardy ; slow ; loitering. 
 V Et y mor gy, the study of the derivation of words. 
 
 Chi rop' dist, a surgeon for the hands and feet. 
 
 De struct' i ble, capable of being destroyed ; perishable. 
 
 Ac count' a ble, responsible ; answerable ; amenable. 
 
 Liq ne fac' tion, the conversion of a solid into a liquid. 
 )f/ Tau tor gy, a repetition in different words or phrases. 
 
 518. Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Tab'ula, a board ; taber' na, a shed ; (tabul, tabern). 
 
 Table, tablet, tablature, tabulate, tabernacle, tavern. 
 Ta'ceo, tac'itum, to be silent ; (tac, tacit). 
 
 Tacifc, tacitly, taciturn, taciturnity, reticence, reticcncy. 
 Ta'lis, such ; like for like ; (tal). Eetaliate, retaliatory. 
 Tan'go, ill comi^, tin'go, tac'tum, to touch ; (tang, ting, tact). 
 
 Tact, tangent, tangible, attain, contact, contagious, con- 
 taminate, contiguous, contingent, intact, integer, integrity. 
 Tar'dus, slow; (tard). Tardy, tardily, tardiness, retard. 
 Te' go, tec' turn, to cover ; (teg, tect). 
 
 Integument, detect, protectorate, jorotection, protege. 
 Tern' no, tempt' um, to scorn ; (tempt). Contemptible. 
 
 519. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 An epitaph ought not necessarily to be an epigram, though 
 most clever ones are epigrams. A merry heart maketh a 
 cheerful countenance. False philosophy inspires fallacious 
 hope. After a long period of fine weather, the mercury 
 may fall for two or three days before any j)erceptible change 
 takes place. It is a characteristic of frivolous minds to be 
 wholly occupied with the vulgar objects of life. Were all 
 books reduced to their quintessence, many a bulky author 
 would make his appearance in a joenny pamphlet. The 
 Lord's Prayer has an intercessory petition for our enemies. 
 
/ 
 
 GRAM3IAR School Speller a.\d Definer, 1G7 
 — 4- — 
 
 520. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Con sci en' tious, influenced by the conscience ; scrupulous. 
 Pre dom' i nant, prevalent ; controlling ; superior in influence. 
 Va' ri e gate, to vary ; to diversify with colors ; to streak. 
 Dell ca cy, something highly pleasing to the taste ; refinement. 
 Dex ter' i ty, readiness ; skill ; expertness ; adroitness. 
 Dis pen' sa ry, an institution to supply medicine to the poor. 
 Ef fron' te ry, impudence ; assurance ; shameless boldness. 
 Inter'ro gate, to examine by asking questions ; to catechise. 
 Impal' pa ble, not to be perceived by the touch ; intangible. 
 In cred' i ble, that cannot be credited ; surpassing belief. 
 
 521. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Tem'pero, tempera' turn, to temper; (temper, temperat). 
 Temper^ temperate, temperance, temperature, distemper. 
 Tern' pus, teni' poris, time ; (tem.p, temper). 
 
 Tempest, temporal, temporary, temporize, contemporary, 
 extempore, tense, temperature, intemperate, time, pastime. 
 Ten' do, ten'tum, ten' sum, to stretch ; (tend, tent, tens). 
 
 Tend, tendency, tendon, tense, tension, tent, attend, 
 attendant, attention, contend, contentious, distend, extend, 
 extensive, intend, intention, intent, intense, intensify, os- 
 tensible, ostentation, ostentatious, portend, portent, pre- 
 tend, pretence, subtend, superintendent, superintendence. 
 
 522. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 It is usual, when vessels sail under convoy, to have a 
 place of rendezvous, in case of dispersion by storm, or other 
 accident. Interesting anecdotes aflorcl examples Avhicli may 
 be of use in respect to our own conduct. One poison may 
 be an antidote to another. Though peevishness breaks not 
 out in |)aroxysms of outrage, it wears out hapj)iness by slow 
 corrosion. Tragedy is the miniature of human life. Pan- 
 tomimic acting, accompanied by music, has been in use 
 among the Chinese, and other Oriental people, from the 
 earliest times. Constant boasting betrays incapacity. Few 
 men are admired bv their servants. 
 
n/ 
 
 1G8 GuA3rMAR School Speller and Defineil 
 
 — •J' — 
 
 523. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Ma hog' a ny, a valuable kind of hard Avood. 
 
 Ad' mi ra ble, wonderful ; excellent ; astonishing. 
 
 Psy chol' gy, the doctrine of the soul or mind. 
 
 Pe cun' ia ry, relating to money ; monetary. 
 
 Rec on oil i a' tion, a renewal of friendship. 
 
 II lit' er ate, uninstructed in books ; untaught ; ignorant. 
 
 Per' emp to ry, absolute ; decisive ; positive ; imj)erative. 
 
 Tran seen' den cy, pre-eminence; high excellence. 
 
 A poo' ry phal, not canonical ; of doubtful authority. 
 
 Ge ni al' i ty, gayety ; cheerfulness. 
 
 524. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Te' neo, ten' turn, to hold ; (ten, tent). 
 
 Tenable, tenacious, tenacity, tenant, tendril, tenement, 
 tenet, tenure, abstain, abstinence, appertain, appurtenance, 
 contain, contentment, continent, continue, continuity, coun- 
 tenance, detain, entertain, lieutenant, maintain, mainten- 
 ance, obtain, pertain, pertinacious, pertinent, impertinent, 
 retain, retention, retentive, retinue, sustain, sustenance. 
 Ten' to, tenta' tum, to try ; (tent, tentat). 
 
 Tempt, temptation, tempter, tentative, attempt. 
 Ten'uis, thin; (tenn). Tenuity, attenuate, extenuate. 
 Ter' minns, a limit ; (termin). 
 
 Term, terminate, determine, exterminate, interminable. 
 
 525. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 The art of poetry is to touch the j)assions, and its duty 
 to lead them on the side of virtue. People's opinions of 
 themselves are apparent in their countenances. A motive 
 to the invention of new words is the desire thereby to cut 
 short lengthy explanations. It is not easy for the mind to 
 put off those confused notions and prejudices it has imbibed 
 from custom. Is there anything that more embitters the 
 enjoyments of this life than shame ? 0, swear not by the 
 moon, the inconstant moon ! The arteries, with a con- 
 tractile force, drive the blood forward. 
 
Gbammab, School Speller and Definer. 1G9 
 — -i^ — 
 
 526, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Pla' gi a rism, the theft of another's literary work. 
 
 TJ sur pa' tion, forcible^ illegal seizure or possession. 
 
 Des' pi ca ble, base ; mean ; contemptible ; Avorthless. 
 
 Ad di' tion al, that is added. 
 
 Val e die' to ry, bidding farewell ; a farewell address. 
 
 Ep i dem' ic, a disease affecting great numbers. 
 
 In gra'ti ate, to commend to another's confidence; to insinuate. 
 
 Ho mo ge' ne ous, having the same nature. 
 
 E moF u ment, compensation for service ; gain in general. 
 
 Ter res' tri al, relating to, or consisting of, earth ; earthly. 
 
 527, Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Te'ro, tri' tuna, to bruise ; to rub ; (ter, trit). 
 
 Trite, triturate, contrite, contrition, detriment, attrition. 
 Ter' ra, the earth ; (terr). 
 
 Terrace, terraqueous, terrestrial, territory, terrier, coun- 
 try, inter, interment, mediterranean, subterranean. 
 Ter' reo, ter' ritum, to frighten ; (terr). 
 
 Terrible, terrific, terrify, terror, deter, deterrent. 
 Tes'tis, a witness; (test). 
 
 Testify, testament, testamentary, testator, testimony, tes- 
 timonial, intestate, attest, attestation, content, detest, de- 
 testable, detestation, protest, protestation, protestant. 
 
 528, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Any two colors which, when combined together, produce 
 white light, are said to be com23lementary to one another. 
 The secretary poured ink all over the writings, and so 
 defaced them that they were made illegible. Franklin de- 
 monstrated the identity of lightning and the electric fluid. 
 Idioms often set the powers of translation at defiance. 
 Ignorance of the law, which every one is bound to know, 
 excuses no man. Is the jay more precious than the lark, 
 because his feathers are more beautiful ? Knight-errantry 
 was not altogether a fiction of romance. The lion is not so 
 fierce as they paint him. 
 
170 Grammar School Speller and Definer. . 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 529. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Con spir' a cy, a 2^1ot against a goyernment ; a plotting. 
 
 Mir li ner y, the manufacture of head-dresses. 
 
 Mir i ta ry, belonging to the army ; warlike ; martial. 
 
 An ni ver' sa ry, a stated day for an annual celebration. 
 
 Av ca' tion, employment ; business ; occupation. 
 
 Ex on' er ate, to disburden of blame ; to acquit ; to clear. 
 
 Ex Mr a rate, to make cheerful ; to enliven ; to animate. 
 
 Su per cir i ous, haughty; arbitrary; dictatorial. 
 
 A nom' a ly, irregularity ; deviation from a common rule. 
 
 Flag el la' tion, a whipping ; a flogging ; a scourging. 
 
 530. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Tex' o, tex' turn, to weave ; (text). 
 
 Text, textual, textile, texture, context, pretext. 
 Ti' meo, I fear ; tim' idus, fearful ; (tini, tim.id). 
 
 Timid, timidity, timorous, intimidate. 
 Tin' go, tine' turn, to sprinkle; to dye ; (ting, tinct). 
 
 Tinge, tincture, tint, taint, attaint, attainder. 
 Tit'ulus, a title ; (titul). Title, titulary, entitle. 
 Torero, tolera'tum, to bear ; (toler, tolerat). 
 
 Tolerable, tolerance, tolerate, toleration, intolerant. 
 Tol'lo, I lift up; (toll). Extol, extoUer, extollent, toll. 
 To' no, ton' itum, to thunder ; (ton). 
 
 Astonish, astound, detonate, detonation. 
 
 531. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 A great portion of our happiness in this world arises from 
 social intercourse. Instruction or admonition is salutary 
 when it serves the purpose of strengthening good princij)les, 
 and awakening a sense of guilt or impropriety. Many who 
 have enough for themselves never think of whether others 
 are sufficiently provided for. What precise collection of 
 simple ideas modesty or frugality stands for in another's 
 use, is not certainly known. The girl's humble courtesy 
 was one of those quiet, grateful sinkings, wherein the spirit 
 bows itself down, and the body does no more than tell it. 
 
GRA3iMAn School Speller and Definer, 171 
 — ^ — 
 
 532. Miscellaneous -words. Written exercise. 
 
 Sys tern at' ic, methodical ; regular ; organically arranged. 
 
 E lie' it ed, brought out ; drawn out ; educed ; extracted. 
 , Ha bil' i ment, clothing ; dress in general. 
 
 An i mos' i ty, malignity ; passionate enmity ; rancor. 
 
 Lu gu' bri ous, indicating sorrow. 
 
 Pal pi ta' tion, a violent throbbing of the heart. 
 \/ Ac cou'tre ments, military dress; equipage; trappings. 
 
 Par' si mo ny, covetousness ; frugality. 
 
 Up hoi' ster y, furniture supplied by upholsterers. 
 
 In flu en' za, a severe form of catarrh. 
 
 533. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Tor' peo, I am benumbed ; (torp). Torpid^ torpor, torpedo. 
 Tor' queo, tor' tum, to twist ; (torqu, tort). 
 
 Tortuous, torture, torment, contort, contortion, distort, 
 distortion, extort, extortion, extortionate, retort. 
 Tor'reo, tos' tum, to roast; (torr, tost). 
 
 Torrefy, torrefaction, torrid, torrent, toast, toaster. 
 Tra' do, tra' ditum, to hand down ; (trad, tradit). 
 
 Tradition, traditionary, traitor, treason, betray, betrayal. 
 Tra' ho, trac' tum, to draw ; (tra, tract). 
 
 Trace, traceable, track, tractable, trail, train, j:rait, treat, 
 abstract, abstraction, contract, contraction, detract, distract, 
 entreat, extract, portray, protract, retrace, retreat, subtract. 
 
 534. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 The memory relieves the mind in her vacant moments, 
 and prevents any chasms of thought, by ideas of what is 
 past. The inevitable consequences of extravagance are ruin 
 and misery. Many persons judge wrongly of their neigh- 
 bors, from not sufficiently considering the motives of their 
 actions. Several of the party had begun to suffer dreadfully 
 fr.om intense thirst, and two were in the agony of death. 
 Merchants and tradesmen profit by the multiplied wants, 
 comforts, and indulgences of civilized life. Astronomers 
 are able to calculate eclipses with astonishing precision. ^ 
 
172 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 535, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Ver nac' u lar, pertaining to one's native country. 
 
 Pre sent' i ment, a previous notion^ idea, or sentiment. 
 
 As sim' i late, to convert into a like substance. 
 
 An ni' hi late, to destroy ; to reduce to nothing ; to annul. 
 
 In firm' i ty, debility ; weakness of body or mind ; disease. 
 
 In com' pe tent, inadequate \ insufficient ; incapable. 
 
 A cer' bi ty, a rough, sour taste ; severity ; harshness. 
 
 Sed' en ta ry, passed chiefly in sitting ; inactive. 
 
 Fea si bil' i ty, practicability. 
 
 Su per fi' cial, being on the surface ; not deep ; shallow. 
 
 536, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Tranquil' lus, quiet ; (tranquill). Tranquil^ tranquillity. 
 Tre'mo, I shake; (trem). 
 
 Tremble, tremendous, tremor, tremulous, tremulousness. 
 Trep'idus, great fear; (trepid). Trepidation, intrejoidity. 
 Tres, tri' a, three ; (tre, tri). 
 
 Triad, triangle, triangular, trident, triennial, trifle, tri- 
 vial, trinity, trio, triphthong, triple, trisyllable, trestle. 
 Tri' bulo, 1 thrash ; (tribul). Tribulation. 
 Trib' uo, tribu' turn, to give ; to allot ; (trib, tribut). 
 
 Tribute, tributary, attribute, contribute, contribution, dis- 
 tribute, distribution, distributive, retribution, retributive. 
 Tri' bus, a tribe ; (trib). Tribe, tribune, tribunal. 
 
 537, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Poetry was frequently inscribed upon quadrangular staves, 
 each face containing a line ; hence a verse and a stave are 
 still considered synonymous. Talents for criticism, namely, 
 smartness, quick censure, vivacity of remark, indeed, all but 
 acerbity, seem rather the gift of youth than of old age. It is 
 not the quantity of meat, but the cheerfulness of the guests, 
 that makes the feast. An infusion of a system of favoritism 
 into a popular government creates disturbance. If refine- 
 ment does not lead directly to purity of manners, it obviates, 
 at least, their greatest depravation. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer, 173 
 — ^ — 
 
 538, Miscellaneous -words. Written exercise. 
 
 In ter li gi ble, that may be understood ; plain ; distinct. 
 In flam' ma ble, easily enkindled ; ignitible. 
 \/ Ir rep' a ra ble, that cannot be mended or recovered. 
 IT til' i ty, usefulness ; convenience ; benefit ; service. 
 Phys i ol' gy, the science of nature^ or of life. 
 Col lat' er al, indirect ; not immediate ; subordinate. 
 Mis eel la' ne ous, mixed ; consisting of several kinds. 
 In no va' tion, a change in established laws or customs. 
 In ter ces' sor, one who pleads for another ; a mediator. 
 Per tur ba' tion, disturbance ; great uneasiness ; confusion. 
 
 539, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Tri' cae, hindrances ; (trie). Extricate, intricate, intrigue. 
 Trium' phus, tlie formal entrance of a victorious general 
 
 into ancient Eome ; (triumph). Triumph, triumphal. 
 Tru' do, tru' sum, to thrnsfc ; to push ; (trud, trus). 
 
 Intrude, intrusion, obtrude, obtrusion, obtrusive, unob- 
 trusive, protrude, protrusion, abstruse, abstruseness, thrust. 
 Trun' CO, trunca' turn, to cut off ; (trunc, truncat). 
 
 Trunk, truncate, truncated, detruncate, truncheon. 
 Tu'ber, a swelling; (tuber). Tuber, tubercle, protuberance. 
 Tu' bus, a tube ; a pipe ; (tub). Tube, tubular, tubuliform. 
 Tu' eor, tu' itus, tu'tus, to watch ; (tuit, tut). 
 
 Tutor, tutorage, tutorial, tuition, intuition, intuitive. 
 
 540, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 If the Indians fled from this incessant toil and barbarous 
 coercion, and took refuge in the mountains, they were 
 hunted out like wild beasts. All medical men agree that 
 coffee stimulates the brain, and banishes somnolency. A 
 fabric, though high and beautiful, if founded on rubbish, 
 is easily made the triumph of the winds. Modesty is an 
 exquisite sensibility that warns a person to shun the first 
 appearance of everything hurtful. Long sentences in a 
 short composition are like large rooms in a small house. 
 Time gives an inflexible rigidity to our manners. 
 
174 GEAM3IAR School Speller and De finer, 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 541. Miscellaneous -words. Written exercise. 
 
 In al' ien a ble, that cannot be transferred to another. 
 
 Re ver' ber ate, to rebound ; to resound. 
 
 Reg i men' tal, belonging to a regiment ; military. 
 
 Prop a ga' tion, increase-; generation ; extension. 
 
 Res pi ra' tion, the act of breathing ; an interval ; rest. 
 
 Mel' an chol y, disnml ; gloomy ; habitually dejected. 
 
 Im pas' sa ble, not to be passed ; impervious. 
 
 Im pas' si ble, incapable of suffering ; exempt from pain. 
 
 Sub lim' i ty, grandeur ; loftiness ; elevation. 
 
 Stu pe fac' tion, insensibility ; stupidity ; dulness. 
 
 542. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Tu' meo, I swell ; tum.ul' tus, a tumult ; (turn, tumult). 
 
 Tumor, tumefy, tumid, tumular, tomb, entomb, tumult, 
 tumultuous, contumacy, contumacious, contumely. 
 Tun' do, tu' sum, to bruise ; (tund, tus). 
 
 Contuse, contusion, obtund, obtuse ; obtuseness. 
 Tur'ba, a crowd; confusion; (turb). Turbid, turbulent, 
 
 trouble, troublesome, disturb, disturbance, perturbation. 
 Tur'geo, I swell; (turg). Turgid, turgidity, turgescence. 
 Tur' ris, a tower ; (turr). Turret, turreted, tower, towery. 
 TJ'ber, an udder; fruitful; (uber). Exuberant, exuberance. 
 Ubi'que, everywhere; (ubiqu). Ubiquity, ubiquitous. 
 urcus, ul'ceris, a boil; (ulcer). Ulcer, ulceration. 
 
 543. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Though Milton is most distinguished for his sublimity, 
 yet there is much of the beautiful*, the tender, and the 
 pleasing in many j)arts of his work. He could draw an 
 ill face, or caricature a good one, with a masterly hand. 
 Education begins the gentleman ; but reading, good com- 
 pany, and reflection must finish him. I am the sole depo- 
 sitary of my own secret, and it shall perish with me. Every 
 loquacious hireling who shows strangers about the picture 
 galleries in Italy is termed a cicerone. Many rights are in- 
 alienable, as the right of liberty or of speech. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer, 175 
 — ^ — 
 
 644. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Rec re a' tion, amusement ; sport ; entertainment. 
 
 Pro nom' i nal, having the nature of a pronoun. 
 
 Ex M bi' tion, display ; any public show. 
 
 Rec i proc' i ty, mutual advantages, obligations, or rights. 
 
 Ex haust' i ble, capable of being drained or emptied. 
 
 Fath' om a ble, that may be sounded. 
 
 Ad ju' di cate, to try and determine ; to adjudge ; to settle. 
 
 Gen e al' o gy, a successive series of families ; a pedigree, 
 
 E qui noc' tial, the celestial equator. 
 
 Ex trav' a sate, to force out, as of ducts or vessels. 
 
 645. liatin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Ul'tra, beyond ; (ultr). 
 
 Ulterior, ultimate, ultraist, penult, penultimate, outrage. 
 Um' bra, a shade ; (umbr). 
 
 Umbrage, umbrageous, adumbrate, umbrella, penumbra. 
 Un^da, a wave; (und). Undulate, undulation, abound, 
 
 abuudance, inundate, inundation, redound, redundancy. 
 Un' guo, unc' tum, to anoint ; (ungu, unct). 
 
 Extreme Unction, unctuous, unguent, anoint, ointment. 
 U^ nus, one ; (un). Unit, unite, unity, union, disunion, 
 
 unison, unicorn, uniformity, universe, universal, unique. 
 Urbs, a city; (urb). 
 
 Urban, urbane, urbanity, suburb, suburbed, suburban. 
 
 546, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Those who seek truth only, and desire to propagate noth- 
 ing else, freely expose their principles to the test. Law and 
 equity are two things which God hath joined, but which 
 man hath put asunder. The pertinacity with which the 
 Saxons clung to their customs and language seemed to 
 increase with the cruel policy of their haughty conqueror. 
 The dissenters were extremely tenacious of their own opin- 
 ions, and defended them on all occasions with the utmost 
 obstinacy. Happiness does not consist in the pleasures of 
 sense, in whatever profusion or variety they may be enjoyed. 
 
176 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 547. Miscellaneous "words. Written exercise. 
 
 >/ Ir re triev' a ble, not to be recovered or repaired. 
 
 Ir rel' e vant, not applicable ; impertinent ; irrelative. 
 
 Re cip' i ent, one who receives anything ; a receiver. 
 y^Om niv' o rous, eating everything indiscriminately. 
 "s/ Ca dav' er ous, having the appearance of a dead body. 
 V^ In ef ' fa ble, unspeakable ; unutterable. 
 V/In su'per a ble, that cannot be overcome ; invincible. 
 
 As cend' en cy, controlling influence ; authority ; power. 
 
 In ter fer' ence, an intermeddling ; intervention ; opposition. 
 
 In her' i tance, patrimony ; that which is inherited. 
 
 548. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 TJ' tor, u' sus, to use ; (ut, us). Use, usable, usage, useful, 
 
 usual, usury, utensil, utility, abuse, usurp, peruse. 
 Vac' ca, a cow ; (vacc). Yaccine, vaccinate, vaccination. 
 Vaeir lo, I waver ; (vacill). Vacillate, vacillation. 
 Va' CO, vaca'tum, to be empty ; (vac, vacat). 
 
 Vacant, vacancy, vacation, vacuity, vacuum, evacuation. 
 Va' do, va' sum, to go ; (vad, vas). 
 
 Evade, evasion, invade, invasion, pervade, pervasion, wade. 
 Va' gor, I wander ; (vag). 
 
 Vague, vagary, vagrant, vagrancy, vagabond, extravagant. 
 Va' leo, va' litum, to be strong ; to be of value ; (val, valit). 
 
 Valiant, valid, valor, value, avail, convalescent, prevail. 
 
 549. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 We are guilty of an irreparable injustice when we are 
 prejudiced by the looks of those whom we do not know. 
 When a notorious villain is complimented, the character 
 of the person commended, the air of contempt exhibited 
 by the speaker, and the exorbitancy of the commendation, 
 sufficiently discover the irony. In Pennsylvania, the judges 
 are required, in giving their opinions, to give the reasons 
 upon which they are founded. About the middle of the 
 fourth century from the building of Eome, it was declared 
 lawful for nobles and plebeians to intermarry. 
 
y?; 
 
 GRAM3IAR School Sfeller and Define r. 177 
 — ^ — 
 550. Miscellaneous w^ords. Written exercise. 
 
 Ac' cu ra cy, exactness ; correctness ; nicety. 
 
 As si du' i ty, diligence ; closeness of application. 
 
 In ad' e quate, defective ; insufficient ; incommensurate. 
 
 Mach i na' tion, an artifice ; a contrivance ; a stratagem. 
 
 EI ee mos' y na ry, one who subsists on charity. 
 
 Chi rog' ra phy, art of writing; penmanship; handwriting. 
 
 Vo lu'mi nous, consisting of many volumes; large. 
 
 In an' i mate, lifeless ; inert ; dead ; extinct. 
 
 efer en'tial, respectful; expressing deference; subservient. 
 Cal ca' re ous, consistins: of chalk or lime. 
 
 '^to 
 
 551, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Val' vse, folding doors ; (valv). Valve, bivalve, univalve. 
 Va' nus, vain ; empty; (van). Vanity, vanish, vain, vaunt. 
 Va' por, an exhalation ; (vapor). Vapor, evaporate, vapid. 
 Va'rius, different; (vari). Vary, variety, variance, variegate. 
 Vas, a vessel; (vas). Vase, vascular, vessel, extra vasate. 
 Ve'geto, I animate ; (veget). Vegetable, vegetation. 
 Ve'ho, vec'tum, to bring ; vex'o, I disturb ; (veh, veet, vex). 
 
 Vehicle, veterinary, vex, convex, convey, invective. 
 Vel'lo, vul'sum, to pull ; to tear out ; (veil, vuls). 
 
 Convulse, convulsion, convulsive, divulsion, revulsion. 
 Ve'lo, I cover; (vel). Veil, revelation, develop, envelop. 
 Ve'lox, velo'cis, swift; (veloc). Velocity, velocipede. 
 
 552, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Great and strange calms usually portend the most violent 
 storms. All men, even the mo^t depraved, are subject, 
 more or less, to compunctions of conscience. Industry is 
 a striking characteristic of all classes of the population in 
 China. Discernment argues a higher quality of intellect 
 than penetration : the latter is indispensable to every sta- 
 tion in life, but the former is more necessary for officials 
 to whom the destinies of men are intrusted. Some circum- 
 stances of misery are so powerfully ridiculous that we are 
 forced to give way to momentary emotions of merriment. 
 
178 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 553, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Res ur rec' tion, a revival from the dead. 
 
 Ca pac' i ty, room ; space ; mental power or ability. 
 
 Ite cap' i tate, to cut off the head. 
 
 Def a ma' tion, slander ; calumny ; aspersion ; detraction. 
 
 Sane' ti mo ny, holiness ; devoutness. 
 
 Ue fa' ri ous, wicked ; vile ; abominable ; execrable. 
 
 An tag' nist, an opponent ; an adversary ; a competitor. 
 
 In im' i cal, unfriendly ; hostile ; hurtful ; repugnant. 
 
 Fu si bir i ty, the quality of being fusible. 
 
 Al le' giance, loyalty; fidelity to a governmenb; fealty. 
 
 554, Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Ve'na, a blood-vessel; (ven). Vein, venous, venesection. 
 Ven'do, I sell; (vend). Venal, venality, vend, vendue. 
 Vene' num, poison ; (venen). Venom, venomous, envenom. 
 Ve'noror, I adore ; (vener). Venerable, venerate, veneration. 
 Ve' nio, van' tum, to come ; (ven, vent). 
 
 Venture, advent, adventure, avenue, circumvent, contra- 
 vene, convene, convention, convenient, covenant, event, in- 
 vent, intervene, peradventure, prevent, revenue, supervene. 
 Ven' tns, the wind ; (vent). Ventilate, ventilation. 
 Ver' bero, I strike ; (verber). Eeverberate, reverberatory. 
 Ver' bum, a word ; (verb). 
 
 Verb, verbal, verbatim, verbiage, verbose, adverb, proverb. 
 
 555, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 You may communicate this letter in any manner you 
 think ]n'oper to my constituents. Beauty is nothing else 
 but a just accord and harmony of the members, animated 
 by a healthful constitution. We see the pernicious efPects 
 of luxury in the ancient Eomans. Milton's letters display 
 scintillations of genius. Even the world, that despises sim- 
 plicity, does not profess to approve of duplicity. Frugality 
 may be termed the daughter of Prudence, the sister of Tem- 
 perance, and the parent of Liberty. What we comprehend 
 as soon as we perceive, ^\Q are said to know by intuition. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer. 179 
 — ^ — 
 ^ 556, Miscellaneous -words. Written exercise. 
 
 V Con va les'cent, recovering health after sickness. 
 
 In i' ti ate, to introduce ; to instruct in the rudiments. 
 Ad' u la to ry, flattering ; full of compliments. 
 No to' ri ous, publicly known ; conspicuous ; noted. 
 In dis ere' tion, rashness ; imprudence. 
 I dol' a try, the worship of idols or images ; superstition. 
 A pos' ta sy, a departure from one's faith ; defection. 
 Ir rev' o ea ble, that cannot be repealed ; unalterable. 
 Ca lam' i tons, full of misery or distress ; adverse. 
 De nun' ci a tion, a public menace ; arraignment. 
 
 657. iLatin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Ve' reor, I fear ; (ver). Eevere, reverend, irreverence. 
 Ver'go, to incline ; (verg). Verge, converge, diverge. 
 Ver' mis, a worm ; (verm). Vermin, vermicelli, vermifuge. 
 Ver' to, ver' sum, to turn ; (vert, vers). 
 
 Verse, versification, version, versatile, vertex, vertical, 
 vertebra, vertigo, vortex, advent, advertise, animadvert, 
 anniversary, avert, aversion, controvert, converse, conver- 
 sation, convert, convertible, divert, divorce, invert, obverse, 
 pervert, retrovert, reverse, subvert, transverse, iiniverse. 
 Ve' rus, true ; (ver). Veracious, veracity, verdict, verifica- 
 tion, verity, veritable, very, verily, verisimilitude, aver. 
 
 558. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation, 
 
 Johnson's Lives of the Poets is the finest critical work 
 extant, and can never be read without instruction and de- 
 light. It is as easy to conceive that an Almighty Power 
 might produce a thing out of nothing, as to conceive the 
 world to have no beginning. The value of an article is not 
 to be estimated merely by the cost of the material ; the form, 
 workmanship, and labor bestowed upon it must also enter 
 into the calculation. The little girl showed such unequi- 
 vocal signs of sorrow for her fault, that her mother was 
 induced to forgive her. Speak not out of weak surmises. 
 A hungry man will be satisfied with plain food. 
 
180 GBAM3IAR School Speller and Definer. 
 
 559. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Sub sid'i a ry, furnishing additional supplies ; aiding ; helpful. 
 
 Mar'vellous, wonderful; amazing; stupendous; incredible. 
 
 Im be cir i ty, weakness ; feebleness ; debility ; infirmity. 
 
 De lin' e ate, to sketch or design ; to paint ; to represent. 
 
 As pi ra' tion, an ardent wish or desire. 
 
 Lab' ra to ry, the workroom of the chemist. 
 
 Spec i fi ca' tion, particular mention ; a statement in detail. 
 
 Ag' gran dize ment, state of being exalted. 
 
 Vol u bir i ty, fluency of speech ; fluency ; mutability. 
 
 Fa cir i tate, to make easy ; to free from difficulty. 
 
 560. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Vestf gium, a footstep ; (vestig). Vestige, inyestigate. 
 Ves'tis, a garment; (vest). Vest, yestry, divest, invest. 
 Ve'tus, vet' oris, old; (voter). Veteran, inveterate. 
 Vi'a, a way; (vi). Viaticum, viaduct, voyage, convoy, 
 
 deviate, deviation, envoy, pervious, previous, trivial. 
 Vi' cis, change ; (vie). Vicar, vicissitude, viceroy. 
 Vi' cus, a village ; (vie). Vicinity, vicinage. 
 Vi' deo, vi' sum, to see ; (vid, vis). 
 
 View, interview, visage, visible, vision, visionary, visit, 
 visitation, visor, vista, visual, advise, envy, evident, invi- 
 dious, invoice, provide, provident, providential, provision, 
 prudent, purvey, purveyor, revise, supervision, survey. 
 
 561. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 The chief merit of Michael Angelo is not to be sought 
 for in the remains of his pencil, nor even in his sculptures; 
 but in the general improvement of the public taste which 
 followed his astonishing productions. The language of a 
 lecturer who does not fully comprehend his subject must, 
 of necessity, be unintelligible to his hearers. There are 
 upwards of a hundred different species of fern, but they 
 are seldom cultivated in gardens. The apartments remain 
 in the nicest order, and though the villa is forsaken, it is 
 not neglected. Honor is the grace of greatness. 
 
Gram^iar School Speller and Definer. 181 
 — ^ — 
 
 562, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Per ti nac' i ty, obstinacy ; stubbornness ; resolution. 
 De bir i tate, to weaken ; to render languid ; to enfeeble. 
 Os ten' si ble, shown or declared ; apparent ; plausible. 
 Ka lei' do scope, a toy displaying a variety of colors and forms. 
 Hu mid' i ty, state of being moist ; moisture ; dampness. 
 Cog i ta' tion, meditation ; thought ; contemplation. 
 Con viv' i al, inclined to festivity ; jovial ; social. 
 Im pol' i tic, unwise ; injurious to the public; injudicious. 
 For tn' i tons, accidental ; happening by chance ; casual. 
 Pal li a' tion, that which conceals ; mitigation ; extenuation. 
 
 563, Latin roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Vid' uus, bereaved ; (vidu). Widow/ void, devoid. 
 Vi'gil, watchful; (vigil). Vigil, vigilant, vigilance. 
 Vi' gor, strength ; (vigor). Vigor, vigorous, invigorate. 
 Vil'la, a country-house; (vill). Villa, village, villainy. 
 Vin'co, vie' turn, to conquer; (vine, vict). Victor, victory, 
 
 invincible, convict, convince, evict, jorovince, provincial. 
 Vin' dieo, I claim ; I defend ; I avenge ; (vindie). 
 
 Vindicate, vindictive, vengeance, avenge, revenge, 
 Vi'nea, a vine ; (vine). Vine, vineyard, vintage, vignette. 
 Vi'num, wine ; (vin). Wine, vinous, vintner, vinegar. 
 Vi'olo, to force; (viol). Violate, violent, inviolable. 
 Vir, a man (vir). Virtue, virtual, virtuoso, virile, virago. 
 
 564, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 The Frankish kings, buried in luxurious indolence, re- 
 signed the administration of their affairs into the hands of 
 officers, who, after a time, assumed the regal authority, 
 and founded a new dynasty. It was discovered the next 
 morning that the wretched man had committed suicide. 
 A perfect union of wit and judgment is one of the rarest 
 things in the world. The common people of Spain have 
 an Oriental j^assion for story-telling. The object of all 
 writers on synonymous terms is to explain the distinction 
 between words which approximate in signification. 
 
182 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 B65. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Ty ran' ni cal, befitting a tyrant ; arbitrary ; cruel. 
 
 Ee cep' ta cle, a yessel in which anything is phiced. 
 V Al lu' vi al, relating to deposits made by water. 
 
 Ju di' ci a ry, the power which dispenses justice. 
 
 In oc' u late, to insert a bud in another stock ; to vaccinate. 
 
 Mer i to' ri ous, worthy ; deserving of reward ; good. 
 ^ ^ In de fat' i ga ble, unwearied ; unceasing ; persevering. 
 
 Sa tir' i cal, conveying satire ; sarcastic ; taunting ; keen. 
 
 Tin prec' e dent ed, not justified by example. 
 \X Per ra' tion, the concluding portion of a speech. 
 
 566. Latin roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Vitu' pero, I blame ; (vituper). Vituperate, vituperation. 
 
 Vi' vo, vie' tum, to live ; (viv, vict). Vital, vitality, viva- 
 city, vivid, viands, victuals, convivial, revive, survive. 
 
 Vo' CO, voca' tuna, to call ; (voc, vocat). 
 
 Vocal, vocation, vociferate, voice, vouch, vowel, advocate, 
 
 convoke, equivocate, evoke, invoke, provocation, revoke. 
 
 Vo'lo, vola'tum, to fly; (vol, volat). Volatile, volley. 
 
 Vo' lo, vo' litum, to will ; (vol, volit). Volition, voluntary. 
 
 Vol' vo, volu' tum, to roll; (volv, volut). Revolve, revo- 
 lution, revolt, volume, voluble, volubility, involve. 
 
 Vo'ro, I devour; (vor). Voracious, devour, carnivorous. 
 
 Vo' veo, vo'tum, to vow; (vov, vot). Votary, devout, vow. 
 
 Vul' gus, the common people ; (vulg). Vulgar, divulge. 
 
 567. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Far from being fond of any flower for its rarity, if I meet 
 with a wild flower that pleases me, I give it a place in my 
 garden. There exists not the slightest shadow of resem- 
 blance between the hieroglyphics of Egypt and the Cliinese 
 characters. Caxton first introduced into England the art 
 of printing with movable types. A man who has the pre- 
 sence of mind which can bring to him on the instant all he 
 knows, is worth for action a dozen men who know as much, 
 but can only bring it to light slowly. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer, 183 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 568. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Com' pa ra ble, that may be compared ; of equal regard. 
 Des per a' tion, hopelessness ; despair ; fury ; rage. 
 Prep a ra' tion, the act of making ready. 
 V^ Pu sil Ian' 1 mous, mean-spirited ; faint-hearted ; cowardly. 
 E nu' mer ate, to reckon up singly ; to count ; to compute. 
 In nu' mer a ble, not to be numbered or counted. 
 Crim i nal' 1 ty, the quality of being guilty ; guilt. 
 Sur rep ti' tions, stealthily or fraudulently done. 
 In cog' ni to, in a state of concealment. 
 Im prov i sa' tion, the act of making verses extemporaneously. 
 
 569. Greek roots and English derivatives, 
 
 A' chos, pain ; (ach). Ache, headache, toothache. • 
 
 A'er, the air; (aer). Aerate, aerated, aeration, aerial, aeri- 
 form, aerolite, aeronaut, air, artery, arterial. 
 Ago' geiis, a leader ; (agog). Demagogue, synagogue. 
 Ag' ora, an assembly ; (agor). Category, panegyric. 
 Akou' o, I hear ; (akou). Acoustic, acoustics. 
 A' kros, high ; (akr). Acropolis, acrobat. 
 Al'los, another; (all). Allegory, allopathy, allopathic. 
 Al'pha, the first Greek letter; (alpha). Alphabet. 
 An' emos, the wind ; (anem). Anemone, anemometer. 
 An'er, an'dros, a man; (andr). Alexander, Andrew. 
 Aiig'ello, I bring tidings ; (angel). Angel, evangelist. 
 
 570. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 There is no blessing of life comparable to the enjoyment 
 of a discreet and virtuous friend. Our circumstances are 
 indeed critical, but they are the critical circumstances of a 
 great nation. Words cannot do justice to Theodore Hook's 
 talent for improvisation ; it was perfectly wonderful. There 
 are many questions which have baffled the most sagacious 
 penetration of the human intellect, and which the deepest 
 philosophy is to this day unable to fathom. In order to 
 render the grammar useful, it was found necessary to cor- 
 rect its faults and supply its deficiencies. 
 
184 GRAM3IAR School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 571. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 ^^ In noc' u ous, harmless ; innocent ; not hurtful. 
 
 Con fed' er ate, an ally ; an accomplice ; an associate. 
 Per' se cut or, one who pursues another unjustly. 
 V^ Mu nic' i pal, pertaining to a corporation or a city. 
 In of fen' sive, doing no injury or mischief. 
 Ex pe di' tious, active ; swift ; speedy ; acting with celerity. 
 An no ta' tion, a foot-note ; a comment ; a remark. 
 Av oir du pois', a system of weights for coarse articles. 
 
 /Lit' er a ture, learning preserved in writing ; erudition. 
 Hy poth' e cate, to pledge in order to raise money. 
 
 572. Greek roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Anthro' pos, a man; (anthrop). Philanthropy, misanthrope. 
 Ar'clio, I rule; I begin ; (arch). ArchaBology, architect, 
 
 archives, anarchy, hierarchy, monarchy, oligarchy. 
 Aris' tos, best ; (arist). Aristocrat, aristocracy. 
 Arith' mos,*number ; (arith). Arithmetic, logarithm. 
 Ark' tos, a bear ; the north ; (arkt). Arctic, antarctic. 
 Aro' ma, a spicy odor ; (aroma). Aroma, aromatic. 
 As'tron, a star; (astr). 
 
 Asterisk, asteroid, astral, astrology, astronomy, disaster. 
 At' mos, vapor; smoke; (atm.os). Atmosphere, atmospheric, 
 Au' tos, one's self ; (aut). 
 
 Autobiography, autocrat, autograph, automaton, authentic. 
 
 573. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 One of the most pernicious effects of a close acquaintance 
 with the world is, that it renders us so familiar with the 
 worst parts of human nature, as almost to lead to our dis- 
 belief in many good qualities w^hich really exist among men. 
 The freedom of the press is a blessing when we are inclined 
 to write about others, and a calamity when we find ourselves 
 overborne by the multitude of our assailants. The reme- 
 dies immediately assuaged the pain of the wound, so that 
 by the next day I was able to walk about without assistance. 
 Concentration is the secret of strength in human affairs. 
 
' Grammar School Speller and Deeiner. 185 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 574. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 ^^ Rec on noi' tre, to examine for military purposes. 
 %/Re con' nois sance, a preliminary survey. 
 
 Ob liv'i on, forgetfulness ; amnesty ; pardon. 
 
 Ab bre' vi ate, to shorten by contraction of parts ; to abridge. 
 
 Fa nat' i cism, excessive enthusiasm. 
 
 Her biv' o rous, feeding on plants or herbage. 
 
 In de fea' si ble, that cannot be abrogated or made void. 
 
 Pyr tech' nics, the art of making fire-works. 
 
 E qniv' o cal, of doubtful meaning ; ambiguous ; dubious. 
 
 Sac ra men' tal, pertaining to a religious rite. 
 
 575. Greek roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Bal'lo, I throw; (ball). 
 
 Emblem, hyperbole, parable, parabola, problem, symbol. 
 Bal' samon, balsam ; (balsam). Balsam, embalm. 
 Bap' to, I dip; (bapt). Baptize, baptism, baptist. 
 Ba'ros, weight; (bar). Barytone, barometer, baryta. 
 Ba'sis, foundation; (bas). Basis, base, abase, debase. 
 Bib' los, the bark of the papyrus ; (bibl). Bible, bibliopolist. 
 Bi' OS, life ; (bi). Amphibious, biographer, biology. 
 Blap'to, blap'so, I hurt ; (blaps). Blaspheme, blame. 
 Bo' tane, a plant ; (botan). Botany, botanical. 
 Bro' mos, a bad smell ; (brom). Bromide, bromine. 
 Bron' chos, the wind pipe ; (bronch). Bronchial, bronchitis. 
 
 576. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 It is a common practice, in all our deliberative assemblies, 
 and may consequently be considered as a principle of parlia- 
 mentary law in this country, to reconsider a vote already 
 passed, whether affirmatively or negatively. The great men 
 among the ancients understood how to reconcile manual 
 labor with affairs of state. A man must be excessively stupid, 
 as well as uncharitable, who believes there is no virtue but 
 on his own side. It is very difficult, if not impossible, to 
 pronounce a dissyllable without placing a stronger accent 
 on one syllable than on the other. 
 
186 Grammar School Speller and Definer, 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 577. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Laud' a to ry, containing or expressing praise. 
 
 En co' mi um, praise ; eulogium ; commendation. 
 
 Dis par' i ty, inequality ; difference in degree. 
 
 Re frig' er ate, to cool; to allay the heat of. 
 
 In ter mit' tent, ceasing, and returning, at intervals. 
 
 Steth' scope, an instrument to sound the chest. 
 
 Star' e o type, to cast into fixed types. 
 
 Vo cif ' er ous, clamorous ; noisy ; making outcry ; loud. 
 
 Ce ru' le an, of the color of the sky ; blue. 
 
 Min er al' o gy, the study of inorganic substances. 
 
 578. Greek roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Car' dia, the heart ; (cardi). Cardia, pericardium. 
 Chal' ups, yery hard iron ; steel ; (chalup). Chalybeate. 
 Cha' OS, empty ; (cha). Chaos, chaotic, chasm. 
 Cha' ris, grace ; Joy; (char). Eucharist, charitable. 
 Chair, the hand ; (cheir). Chirography, chiropodist. 
 Cho' le, bile ; (chol). Choler, melancholy. 
 Cher de', a string ; (chord). Chord, cord, cordage, 
 Chor os', a band of singers ; (chor). Chorus, choir. 
 Chris' tos, anointed ; (christ). Christian, christen. 
 Chron' os, time ; (chron). Chronic, chronicle, chronology, 
 
 chronometer, anachronism, synchronal. 
 Chru'sos, gold; (chrus). Chrysalis, chrysolite. 
 
 579. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation, 
 
 I shall enter on no encomiums upon Massachusetts. St. 
 Paul was miraculously called to the ministry of the Gospel. 
 Though there were many clever men in England during 
 the latter half of the seventeenth century, there were only 
 two great creative minds. Capitation-taxes are levied at 
 little expense, and when they are rigorously exacted afford 
 a very sure revenue to the state. How often has public 
 calamity been arrested on the very brink of ruin by the 
 energy of a single man ! He has not studied the nature of 
 vanity who does not know that it is omnivorous. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definee. 187 
 — ^ — 
 
 580, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Lap' i da ry, one who cuts, polishes, and engraves gen;is. 
 Ap pa ri' tion, a preternatural appearance ; a phantom. 
 Trep i da' tion, terror; a quakiug or quivering ; agitation. 
 Dis sem' i nate, to scatter, as seeds ; to sow ; to circulate. 
 Com pre hen' si ble, intelligible. 
 
 In val' i date, to weaken; to make void ; to deprive of force. 
 Re du' ci ble, that may be reduced ; convertible. 
 Re fa' ta ble, that may be proved false or erroneous. 
 Ar' bi tra ry, despotic ; bound by no law ; absolute. 
 A mal' ga mate, to mix, so as to make a compound. 
 
 581, Greek roots and English derivatives, 
 Dai' mon, a spirit ; (daimon). Demon, pandemonium. 
 Dek'a, ten; (dek). Decalogue, decagon, decade. 
 
 De' mos, the people ; (dem). Democracy, epidemic. 
 Des'potes, a king; (despot). Despot, despotic, despotism. 
 Dip'loos, to double; (diplo). Diploma, diplomacy, diplomatic. 
 Dis, di, two ; (dis, di). Dilemma, dissyllable. 
 Dis' kos, a quoit ; (disk). Disk, dish, desk, dais. 
 Dog' ma, dox' a, an opinion ; (dogm, dox). 
 
 Dogma, dogmatic, heterodox, orthodox, paradox. 
 Dos' is, a dose ; (dos). Dose, antidote, anecdote. 
 Dra' ma, an action ; a play ; (drama). Drama, dramatist. 
 Dro'mos, a race-course; (drom). Hippodrome, dromedary. 
 
 582, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 He tried fiYQ or six professions, in turn, without success. 
 Profuse ornament in painting, architecture, or gardening, 
 as w^ell as in dress or in language, shows a mean or cor- 
 rupted taste. He chastises and corrects as to Him seems 
 best in His deep, unsearchable, and secret judgment. Con- 
 gress may under the Constitution confide to the Circuit 
 Court jurisdiction of all offences against the United States. 
 Men are every noAV and then put by complexity of human 
 affairs into strange situations. The best security for the 
 fidelity of men is to make interest coincide witli duty. 
 
188 Grahhiar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 683, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Ef ' fi jsa cy, the power to produce the desired eftects. 
 
 Em a na' tion, the act of issuing from something ; an efflux. 
 
 Ee fran' gi ble, capable of being refracted, as rays of light. 
 
 Par lia men' ta ry, according to legislative rules. 
 
 Cas' tel lat ed, adorned with turrets and battlements. 
 
 Com mend' a ble, laudable ; worthy of praise. 
 
 Hi e ro glyph.' ics, sculpture-writing consisting of objects. 
 
 El lip' ti cal, having words understood ; oval. 
 
 Cor rob' o rate, to strengthen ; to confirm ; to establish. 
 
 Im par ti al' i ty, freedom from regard to party ; justice. 
 
 584. Greek roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Du' namis, power ; (dunam). Dynamics, dynasty. 
 Dus, bad ; (dus). Dysentery, dyspepsia. 
 Eeh' eo, to sound; (ech). Echo, catechise, catechumen. 
 Ei'dos, form; (eid). Cycloid, rhomboid, kaleidosco|)e. 
 E' pos, a A\' ord ; (ep) . Epic, orthoepy, orthoepist. 
 Ere'mos, lonely; (erem). Eremite, hermit, hermitage. 
 Er'gon, a work; (erg). Energy, surgery, metallurgy. 
 Eth'nos, a nation ; (ethn). Ethnography, ethnology. 
 Eu, well ; (eu). Eulogy, euphony, Eucharist. 
 Ga' mos, a marriage ; (gam). Bigam}^, polygamy. 
 Ge, the earth ; (ge). Geograj)hy, geology, geometry. 
 Gen' nao, I produce ; (gen). Genesis, homogeneous. 
 
 585, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Evil thoughts are the invisible, airy precursors of all the 
 storms and tempests of the soul. Indians quickly perceive 
 the coincidence or the contradiction between professions 
 and conduct, and their confidence or distrust follows of 
 course. Muslin is only distinguished from calico by its 
 superior fineness. Ingratitude is indeed their four cardinal 
 yirtues compacted and amalgamated into one. A lamj) 
 amongst the Egyptians is the hieroglyphic of life. When 
 the truth of a person's assertion is called into question, he 
 needs respectable persons to corroborate his testimony. 
 
V 
 
 GRA3IMAR School Speller and Definer. 189 
 — -^ — 
 586. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Ab ste'mi ous, practising abstinence; temperate ; sober. 
 
 Sa lu' ta to ry, greeting ; containing salutations. 
 
 Com pi la' tion, a collection from various authors. 
 
 Per spi ca' cious, quick-sighted ; acute ; discerning. 
 
 Im mor tal' i ty, exemption from death ; endless life. 
 
 Pre ca' ri ous, held by courtesy ; uncertain ; doubtful. 
 
 Cu ta' ne ous, relating to, or affecting, the skin. 
 
 In du' bi ta ble, undoubted ; unquestionable. 
 
 Sar copb' a gus, a sort of stone coffin used by the ancients. 
 
 E qua nim' i ty, evenness of mind ; composure. 
 
 687. Greek roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Glos' sa, glot' ta, the tongue ; (gloss). Glossary, polyglot. 
 
 Gno' mon, a judge ; (gnom). Physiognomy, prognostic. 
 
 Go' nia, an angle ; (gon). Diagonal, polygon, trigonometry. 
 
 Gram' ma, a letter ; (gramm). Grammar, anagram, dia- 
 gram, epigram, monogram, programme, telegram. 
 
 Gra' pho, I write ; (graph). Graphic, autograph, biog- 
 raphy, calligraphy, lexicography, lithograph, orthography, 
 photography, stenography, telegraph, typography. 
 • Gy' ros, a circle ; (gyr). Gyrate, gyratory, gyrfalcon. 
 
 Hal' ma, blood ; (haim). Hemorrhage, hemorrhoids. 
 
 Har' monia, harmony ; (harmoni). Harmony, harmonious. 
 
 Hed'ra, a seat; (hedr). Cathedral, polyhedron, chair. 
 
 588. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 When statesmen are ruled by faction and interest, they 
 can have no passion for the glory of their country. Patrick 
 Henry did not give, in his youth, any evidence of that pre- 
 cocity which sometimes distinguishes uncommon genius. 
 Among the ancient story-books, a Latin compilation, en- 
 titled Gesta Eomcmonim, seems to have been the favorite. 
 Selfishness will show itself in as many different shapes as 
 there are different dispositions in men. The ancient Scan- 
 dinavian language is now confined to Iceland, where it has 
 undergone little change since the ninth century. 
 
190 GRA3IMAR School Speller and Definer, 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 589. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 ^ In nu en' do, an indirect allusion ; an insinuation. 
 
 Ath e nse' urn, a public library, gymnasium, or seminary. 
 Y le ag' i nous, oily ; having the qualities of oil. 
 
 E pit' me, a brief summary ; a compendium ; an abridgment. 
 
 Im prob' a ble, unlikely ; not likely to happen, or to be true. 
 
 Re spon' si ble, answerable ; accountable. 
 
 Mo not' nous, wanting variety in cadence or inflection. 
 
 In ex' ra ble, implacable ; unrelenting ; cruel. 
 '^r Pol y tech' nic, comprehending many arts or sciences. 
 ' ' Mon ma' ni a, insanity on one subject. 
 
 590. Greek roots and English derivatives. 
 
 He'lios, the sun ; (heli). Heliotrope, aphelion, perihelion. 
 Hep'ta, seven; (hept). Heptagon, heptagonal, heptarchy. 
 He' ros, a hero ; (hero). Hero, heroic, heroine, heroism. 
 Het' eros, unhke ; (heter). Heterodox, heterogeneous. 
 Hex, six; (hex). Hexagon, hexameters, hexahedron. 
 Hi' eros, sacred ; (hier). Hierarchy, hieroglyphics. 
 Hip'posj a horse; (hippo). Hippopotamus, PhiHp. 
 Ho' los, whole ; (hoi). Holocaust, catholic, catholicity. 
 Ho' mos, like ; (hom). Homologous, anomaly, homoeopathy. 
 Ho'ra, an hour; (hor). Horologe, horoscope, horography. 
 Hora' ma, a view ; (horam). Panorama, cosmorama. 
 Hor' OS, a boundary ; (hor). Horizon, aphorism. 
 
 591. MisceUaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 The violence of revolutions is generally proportioned to 
 the degree of maladministration which has produced them. 
 The labor of a day will not build up a virtuous habit on 
 the ruins of an old and vicious character. Astronomy 
 shows, beyond all other sciences, the magnificence of God's 
 creations. A molecule is something real, and thus differs 
 from an atom, which is not perceived, but conceived. 
 Acids and alkalies .neutralize each other more or less com- 
 pletely. The natural progress of the works of men is from 
 rudeness to convenience, and from convenience to elegance. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Deflxeu, 101 
 
 592. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Rem i nis' cence, a recalling to the mind of former thouglits. 
 
 Ex u' ber ance, an abundance ; luxuriance ; richness. 
 ''^^ym na' si um, a place for athletic exercise. 
 
 De lir' i ous, light-headed ; disordered in intellect; frenzied. 
 
 Rep re hen' si ble, deserving blame ; censurable ; culpable, 
 
 A vair a ble, profitable ; powerful ; useful. 
 
 Pre die' a ment, position ; posture ; plight ; attitude. 
 
 Dom i neer' ing, ruling over with insolence ; OTcrbcaring. 
 " Nu mis mat' ics, the science of coins and medals. 
 
 Em pir'i cal, founded on experiment. 
 
 593. Greek roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Hy'dor, water; (hydr). Hydrant, hydraulic, hydrophobia. 
 Hym'nos, a song of praise ; (hymn). Hymn, anthem. 
 Ich' nos, a foot-print ; (ichn). Iclmeumon, ichnography. 
 Id' ios, peculiar ; (idi). Idiom, idiosyncrasy, idiot. 
 I' SOS, equal; (is). Isosceles, isothermal, isotherm. 
 Ka' los, beautiful ; (kal). Calisthenics, calligraphy. 
 Ka'lyx, the cup of a floAver ; (kalyx). Calyx, chalice. 
 Kausti' kos, burning ; (kaustic). Caustic, holocaust. 
 Kli' max, a ladder ; (klimax). Climax, climacteric. 
 Kon' che, a shell ; (konch). Conch, conchology. 
 Ko'nos, a cone; (kon). Cone, conic, conical, conoid. 
 Kop' to, I cut off ; (kopt). Coppice, syncope. 
 
 594. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 There is something inexpressibly pleasing in the annual 
 renovation of the world. Godfrey Bertram succeeded to a 
 long pedigree and a short rent-roll. Xo goyernment, any 
 more than any individual, will long be respected, without 
 being truly respectable. The more power we have of dis- 
 criminating the nicer shades of meaning, the greater faci- 
 lity we possess of giving force and precision to our expres- 
 sions. In science, empirical laws are those made use of to 
 classify phenomena until their general cause mny be dis- 
 covered. Chapman was an enthusiast in poetry. 
 
102 GiiAJiJiAK School Speller and Definer, 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 595, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Ger mi na' tion, the act of sprouting ; growth. 
 Phra S8 or o gy, manner of expressing thoughts ; diction. 
 Sop rif ' ic, tending to cause sleep ; narcotic. 
 ^ Sten to' ri an, very loud ; noisy ; vociferous. 
 Neu ral' gi a, a painful affection of the nerves. 
 Ir ri ga' tion, the act of watering ; a sprinkling. 
 Bar bar i ty, inhumanity; cruelty; savageness. 
 Mercu'rial, containing mercury; sprightly; active. 
 E the' re al, formed of ether ; relating to the air ; celestial. 
 In ex pres' si ble, unspeakable ; unutterable ; ineffable. 
 
 596, Greek roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Kos' mos, order ; beauty ; (kosm). C9smopolite, cosmetic. 
 Kra' nion, the skull ; (krani). Craniology, pericranium. 
 Kra'tos, rule; (krat). Aristocrat, democratic, autocrat. 
 Kri'no, I judge; (krin). Critic, criticism, crisis. 
 Krystal' los, clear ice ; (krystall). Crystal, crystallize. 
 Kuri' akos, belonging to the Lord; (kuriak). Church. 
 Kyk' los, a circle ; (kykl). Cycle, encyclical, cyclone. 
 La' OS, the people; (la). Laity, layman, liturgy. 
 Le' go, I choose ; (leg). Eclectic, eclogue, lexicographer. 
 Lei' po, I leave ; (leip). Eclipse, ellipse, ellipsis. 
 Lep' sis, a taking ; (leps). Catalepsy, epilepsy, ej)ileptic. 
 Le'the, forgetfulness ; (leth). Lethean, lethal, lethargy. 
 
 597, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Magistrates may send juvenile offenders to reformatories 
 instead of to prisons. The tall figure, relieved against the 
 blue sky, seemed almost of supernatural height. Passports 
 are not required in Great Britain or the United States. 
 Phosphoric acid contains one equivalent of i^jhosphohis and 
 five equivalents of oxygen. Of all the means which human 
 ingenuity has contrived for recalling the images of real ob- 
 jects, and awakening, by representation, similar emotions to 
 those which were raised by the originals, none is so full and 
 extensive as that which is executed bv words and writin^r. 
 
Gra^uiar School Speller and Definer, 193 
 — ^- — 
 
 598, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Ir re press' i ble, that cannot be restrained. 
 
 Her cu' le an, powerful ; requiring extraordinary strength. 
 
 U to pi an, fanciful ; chimerical ] ideal ; not real or actual. 
 
 Im per' me a ble, that cannot be penetrated by fluids. 
 
 Ve rac' i ty, habitual observance of truth ; truth. 
 
 Em bar ka' tion, the act of going on board a ship. 
 
 De mar ca' tion, separation ; a limit ascertained and fixed. 
 
 An tip' a thy, a natural hatred or opposition ; aversion. 
 
 In trac' ta ble, ungovernable ; obstinate; unruly; stubborn. 
 
 Pan ra' ma, a complete view in every direction. 
 
 599, Greek roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Li'thos, a stone; (lith). Lithography, litharge, chrysolite. 
 Lo' gos, a word ; a description ; a reason ; (log). 
 
 Logic, logarithms, analogy, apologue, apology, catalogue, 
 decalogue, etymology, genealogy, mineralogy, mytliology, 
 ornithology, philology, phrenology, tautology, zoology. 
 Lu'o, I loosen ; (lu). Analysis, paralysis, palsy, paralytic. 
 Ma' nia, madness ; (mani). Maniac, monomania. 
 Mar' tyr, a witness ; (martyr). Martyrdom, protomartyr. 
 Mathe' ma, learning ; (mathem). Mathematics, philomath. 
 Mech' ane, a machine ; (mechan). Mechanic, mechanism. 
 Me' los, a song ; (mel). Melody, melodious, melodrama. 
 Metal' Ion, a mine ; (metall). Metallic, metallurgy. 
 
 600, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 The much-noted Eosetta stone bears upon its surface a 
 trilingual inscription. During the troubles of the fifteenth 
 century, a rack was introduced into the Tower of London, 
 and was occasionally used under the plea of political neces- 
 sity. The famous wall of China, built against the irruptions 
 of the Tartars, was begun about a hundred years before the 
 Incarnation. Phonography has acquired great interest for 
 the public from its singular success as applied to verbatim 
 reporting, for which purpose it is rapidly supplanting all 
 former methods of short-hand. 
 
194 GRA2IMAR School Speller ai\'d Defiser. 
 
 601, Miscellaneous vrords. Written exercise. 
 
 So lir quy, a talking to one's self; a monologue. 
 
 Col lo' qui al, conversational ; used in common conversation. 
 
 Ho mor gous, Laving the same relative proportions. 
 
 Ex trav' a gant, excessive ; irregular ; laYisli ; profuse. 
 
 A' e ra ted, changed by the agency of air. 
 
 A lac' ri ty, cheerfulness ; sprightliness ; readiness. 
 
 Con temp' ti ble, mean ; despicable ; despised ; neglected. 
 
 In scru' ta ble, unsearchable ; above comprehension. 
 
 Dis sen' sion, disagreement in opinion ; strife ; discord. 
 
 Con de seen' sion, voluntary descent from dignity. 
 
 602, Greek roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Meteo' ra, meteors ; (meteor). Meteor^ meteorology. 
 Me' ter, me' tros, a mother ; (metr). Metropolitan. 
 Me'tron, a measure ; (metr). Meter, metrical, barometer, dia- 
 meter, gasometer, hydrometer, symmetry, thermometer. 
 Mi' kros, small ; (mikr). Microscope, micrometer. 
 Mi'mos, an imitator; (mim). Mimic, mimicry. 
 Mi' SOS, hatred ; (mis). Misanthrope, misogamist. 
 Mne'me, memory; (mnem). Mnemonics, amnesty. 
 Mo' nos, alone ; (mon). Monarch, monastery, monotone. 
 Mor'phe, form ; (morph). Amorphous, metamorphose. 
 My'rioi, ten thousand; (myri). Myriad, myriarch. 
 My' thos, a word ; a fable ; (myth). Myth, mythology. 
 
 603, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 A person in the royal retinue touched a light and lively 
 air on the flageolet. Even with blood-hounds for auxilia- 
 ries, it was found impossible to track the robbers to their 
 retreats among the hills and morasses. The manufacture 
 of paper from papyrus continued in general use doAvn to 
 the end of the seventh century, when it was superseded by 
 parchments. In similar polygons, the corresponding sides 
 and angles are homologous. Instinct enables a spider to 
 entrap his prey, while appetite leads him to devour it when 
 in his possession. ]N"o legacy is so rich as honesty. 
 
V: 
 
 Grammar School Speller and Definer, 195 
 — Hh — 
 
 604, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Amphib'i ous, capable of living in two elements. 
 In quis' i tive, busy in making inquiry ; curious ; prying. 
 Par tic' i pate, to partake ; to share. 
 Su per' la tive, expressing the highest degree ; supreme. 
 Sei gneu' ri al, invested with large powers ; manorial. 
 Ob' li ga to ry, binding ; imposing an obligation ; coercive. 
 Ap the' sis, consecration ; deification. 
 Ap pel' la to ry, that contains an appeal. 
 Con com' i tant, accompanying ; attending ; concurrent with. 
 \ yCon nu' bi al, pertaining to marriage ; matrimonial ; conjugal. 
 
 605, Greek roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Na us', a ship ; (nau). Nautical, nausea, aeronaut. 
 iN'ek' ros, dead ; (nekr). Necromancy, necrology, necropolis. 
 Ne' SOS, an island ; (nes). Polynesia, Peloponnesus. 
 'New! ron, a nerve ; (neur). Neuralgia, nerve, enervate. 
 USTo' mos, a law ; (nom). Deuteronomy, astronomy. 
 O' de, a poem ; (od). Ode, parody, psalmody, tragedy. 
 O'dos, a journey ; (od). Exodus, method, period, synod. 
 O' dons, odon' tos, a tooth ; (odont). Odontalgia, mastodon. 
 Oi' kos, a house ; (oik). Economy, diocese, parochial. 
 On' om.a, a name ; (onom). Anonymous, me tonomy. 
 Op'tikos, to see; (opt). Optic, optical, synoj)sis. 
 Or'ganon, an instrument ; (organ). Organ, organize. 
 
 606, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Experience is the surest standard by which to test the 
 real tendency of the existing constitution. The fine tooling 
 and delicate tracery of the cabinet artist are lost upon a 
 building of colossal proportions. Eecent experiments have, 
 proved beyond a doubt that it is not only i^ossible, but 
 very easy, to freeze water in a red-hot crucible. The con- 
 stant intercourse between England and France contributed 
 largely to the introduction of French terms into the English 
 language. More misery is produced among us by the irre- 
 gularities of our temper than by real misfortune. 
 
196 Gbammar School Speller and Defiker, 
 
 — 4- — 
 
 607, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Im port' u nate, urgent ; pressing ; pertinacious. 
 
 Chro nor o gy, the science of computing and adjusting dates. 
 
 Tor re fac' tion, the operation of drying by fire. 
 
 Os ten ta' tious, fond of show ; gaudy ; boastful. 
 
 In a ni' tion, emptiness ; yacuity. 
 
 Mil len' ni al, pertaining to a thousand years. 
 
 Cen trif ' n gal, flying from the centre. 
 
 Cen trip' e tal, flying towards the centre. 
 
 Pre cip' i tan cy, heedless haste ; rashness ; precipitation. 
 
 Com mu ta' tion, exchange; interchange; change; alteration. 
 
 608, Greek roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Or'nis, ornf thos, a bird ; (ornith). Ornithologist. 
 Or' phanos, bereaved of parents; (orphan). Orphan. 
 Or' thos, straight; (orth). Orthodox, orthography. 
 Ox' lis, sour; sharp; (ox). Oxygen, paroxysm, oxalic. 
 Pais, pai' dos, a boy ; (paid). Pedagogue, pedantic. 
 Pan, all ; (pan). Panacea, panorama, pantheism, pantomime. 
 Pa' thos, feeling ; (path). Pathos, pathetic, aj)athy. 
 Pei'rao, I attempt; (pair). Empiric, pirate. 
 Pen'te, ^Yd] (pent). Pentagon, pentateuch, pentecost. 
 Pha' go, I eat ; (phag). Esophagus, sarcophagus. 
 Phai'no, I make appear ; (phain). 
 
 Epiphany, fancy, fantasia, phase, phantom, phenomenon. 
 
 609, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 The perfect lawgiver is a just medium between the mere 
 man of theory, who can see nothing but general principles, 
 and the mere man of business, who can see nothing but 
 jiarticular circumstances. Eeligion not only arms us with 
 fortitude against the approach of evil ; but, suj^posing evils 
 to fall upon us with their heaviest pressure, it lightens the 
 load by many consolations. Modesty always sits gracefully 
 upon youth : it covers a multitude of faults, and doubles 
 the lustre of every virtue which it seems to hide. Childhood 
 shows the man, as morning shows the day. 
 
GRAM3IAR School Speller and De finer, 197 
 
 610, Miscellaneous words. Y/ritten exercise. 
 
 ^ Tin par' al leled, unequalled ; unmatched ; matchless. 
 
 XJni bra' ge ous, shady ; formiug a shade ; gloomy. 
 
 Ve loc' i ty, swiftness ; speed ; rapidity. 
 
 Hy poth' e sis, something assumed for argument ; a theory. 
 
 Pa rar y sis, loss of hodily motion or feeling ; palsy. 
 
 Po lyg' a my, i:)lurality of wives or husbands. 
 
 Rep' er to ry, a treasury ; a magazine. 
 
 Prog nos' ti cate, to show beforehand by signs ; to predict. 
 ^ Er i gi ble, that may be elected ; preferable ; desirable. 
 
 In ev' i ta ble, that cannot be avoided ; certain. 
 
 611. Greek roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Phe' mein, to speak ; (phem). Blasphemy, prophecy. 
 Phe'ro, I bear; (pher). Metajohor, periphery, phosphorus. 
 Phf los, a friend ; (phil). Philosopher, philanthropist. 
 Pho' bos, fear ; (phob). Hydrophobia, hydrophobic. 
 Pho'ne, sound; (phon). Phonic, euphony, symphony. 
 Phos, pho'tos, light; (phos). Phosphate, photograioh. 
 Phras' is, speech ; (phras) . Phrase, phraseology. 
 Phren, the mind ; (phren). Phrenology, frenzy, frantic. 
 Phu' sis, nature ; (phus). Metaphysics, physician. 
 Plan' ao, I wander ; (plan). Planet, planetary. 
 Plas'so, I form; (plass). Plastic, plaster, cataplasm. 
 Pneu' ma, air ; spirit; (pneum). Pneumatics. 
 
 V512. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 The river Trosachs wound, as now, betvyecn gigantic 
 walls of rock tapestried with broom and wild roses. When 
 Commodus had once tasted human blood, he became incap- 
 able of pity or remorse. A human soul without education 
 is like marble in the quarry, which shows none of its inhe- 
 rent beauties until the skill of the polisher brings out the 
 colors, lends an exquisite finish to the surface, and discovers 
 every ornamental cloud, spot, and vein that runs through 
 the body of it. Polygamy existed in Asia from time imme- 
 morial, and Mohammedanism adopted the custom. 
 
198 UnA3iMAR School Sri^LLKii Ayi) Dj:fiiXER. 
 
 — 4-— 
 
 613. Miscellaneous w^ords. Written exercise, 
 
 Di ag'o nal, a line joining two angles that are not adjacent. 
 
 Alle'vi ate, to ease ; to soften; to mitigate ; to allay. 
 
 Vi vac! i ty, animation ; spirit; liveliness; sprigiitliness. 
 
 Ne ces'si ty, compulsion; pressing need or want; nrgency. 
 
 Far i na'ceous, pertaining to or containing farina; mealy. 
 
 Tit il la'tion, act of tickling ; any slight pleasure. 
 
 Tran' si to ry, fleeting ; momentary ; transient. 
 
 Com mens' u rate, serving as a common measure ; equal. 
 
 E qui lib'ri um, equality of weight or force. 
 
 Glad' i a tor, a combatant in a Eoman ampliitlieatre. 
 
 614. Greek roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Poi'eo, I compose ; (poi). Poet, poem, poesy, poetry. 
 Po'leo, I sell ; (pol). Monopoly, monopolize, bibliopolist. 
 Po'lis, a city; (pol). Police, metropolis, polite, policy. 
 Pol' us, many; (polu). Polypus, polytheism, polyglot. 
 Po' ros, a passage ; (por). Pore, porosity, emporium. 
 Pous, pod' OS, the foot ; (pod). Antipodes, tripod. 
 Prak'tos, done ; prag' ma, a deed ; (prakt, pragm). 
 
 Practicable, practical, practice, practitioner, pragmatic. 
 Pris'ma, anything sav/n ; (prism). Prism, prismatic. 
 Pro' tos, first ; (prot). Protocol, prototype, protomartyr. 
 Psal'lo, I ])lay the lyre ; (psall). Psalm, psalter, psalmody. 
 Pur, fire ; (pur). Pyre, pyrotechnics, pyramid. 
 
 615. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. ^ 
 
 There probably were never four talkers more admirable 
 in four different ways than Johnson, Burke, Beau clerk, and 
 Garrick. In seasons of distress and difficulty, to abandon 
 ourselves to dejection cnrries no mark of a great or worthy 
 mind. Let him who desires to see others happy make haste 
 to give while his gift can be enjoyed, and remember that 
 every moment of delay takes away something from the value 
 of liis benefaction. And let him who proposes his own hap- 
 piness reflect that, while he forms his purpose, the day rolls 
 on, and '^ the night cometh when no man can v/ork." 
 
Grahbiar School Speller axd Definer. 199 
 — ^ — 
 
 616. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Im per' me a ble, that cannot be penetrated by fluids. 
 In cor' ri gi ble, that cannot be corrected ; hopeless. 
 Am' i ca ble, friendly; kind ; obliging ; peaceable. 
 Man' age a ble, that may be controlled ; tractable. 
 In or' di nate, irregular ; immoderate ; excessive. 
 Rec i ta tive', a sort of musical recitation, used in operas. 
 Fun da ment' al, serving for a basis ; essential ; important. 
 Su per in tend' ent, a director ; a chief overseer. 
 Aug menta' tion, the act of increasing; enlargement. 
 Pe riph' e ry, the circumference of a circle, ellipse, etc. 
 
 617. Greek roots and English derivatives, 
 
 Rhak' tos, broken ; (rhakt). Hemorrhage, cataract, 
 
 Rhe'o, I flow ; I speak ; (rhe). Ehetoric, rheum, rheuma- 
 tism, resin, catarrh, cholera, diarrho3a. 
 
 Ithuth.' mos, measured motion ; (rhuthm). Ehythm. 
 
 Sarx, sar' kos, flesh ; (sark). Sarcasm, sarcastic. 
 
 Skop' eo, I see ; I watch ; (skop). Scope, episcopacy, micro- 
 scope, stethoscope, telescope, sceptic, stereoscope. 
 
 Soph' ia, wisdom ; (soph). Sophist, sophistry, philosophy. 
 
 Sphai' ra, a round body ; (sphair). Spherical, hemisphere. 
 
 Stel'lo, I send; (stell). Apostle, apostolic, epistle. 
 
 Stig'ma, a mark; (stigm). Stigma, stigmatize, instigate. 
 
 Stro' phe, a turning ; (stroph). Apostrophe, catastrophe. 
 
 618. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 The dogmatist is sure of everything, and the sceptic be- 
 lieves nothing. In his youth, Coleridge schemed an epic, 
 which might have set him on the same starry pinnacle widi 
 Milton ; but it was his fate to sclicmey while Milton, heroic 
 in every flbre, accomplished. The ivory sceptre of the kings 
 of Eome was surmounted by an eagle. Iso one ought to con- 
 sider himself as insignificant in the sight of his Creator. 
 Every blessing we enjoy, by what means soever it may be 
 conferred upon us, is the gift of Him who is the great 
 Author of good and the Father of mercies. 
 
200 Gra^biar School Speller and Defjner, 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 619. Miscellaneous words. Written eK«er«4se, 
 
 Un scar a ble, that cannot be climbed. 
 
 In fiex' i ble, that cannot be bent ; immovable ; firm. 
 
 Pred e ces' sor, one who precedes ; an ancestor. 
 
 Ab surd' i ty, the quality of being contrary to reason. 
 
 Ob' sti na cy, stubbornness ; contumacy ; persistency. 
 
 Sper ma ce' ti, a fatty matter from the heads of sperm whales. 
 
 Grav i ta' tion, the force which draws bodies to the earth. 
 
 Vul gar' i ty, meanness ; rudeness of manner ; coarseness. 
 
 Mis de mean' or, an offence ; misconduct ; a minor crime. 
 
 Sem' i na ry, a place of education ; a literary institution. 
 
 620. Greek roots and English derivatives. 
 
 Tak'tikos, skilled in arranging; (taktik). Tactician. 
 Te'Ie, far; (tel). Telescope, telegraph. 
 Tet'ra, four; (tetra). Tetrarch, tetragon, tessellated. 
 The' OS, God ; (the). Theology, theocracy, atheist. 
 Ther' me, heat ; (therm). Thermal, thermometer. 
 The' sis, a placing ; (thes). Antithesis, synthetic. 
 Tom' OS, a cutting ; (tom). Atom, anatomy, entomology. 
 To' nos, tension ; tone; (ton). Tonic, monotonous. 
 To' pos, a place ; (top). Toj)ical, topography, Utopian. 
 Trop' OS, a turning; (trop). Trope, tropic, tropical. 
 Til' pos, an emblem ; (tup). Type, typical, typography. 
 Zo e', life ; (zo). Zoology, zoologist, zodiac, azote. 
 
 621. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 His troops moved to victory with the precision of machines. 
 Were we to survey the chambers of sickness and distress, we 
 should often fmd them peopled with the victims of intem- 
 perance and sensuality, and Avitli the children of vicious 
 indolence and sloth. Eaded youth, i)remature old age, and 
 the prospect of an untimely grave are the portion of mul- 
 titudes, Avho, in one way or other, have brought those evils 
 on themselves. The love of praise should be held subordi- 
 nate to the principle of duty. Sweetest melodies arc those 
 that are by distance made more sweefc. 
 
GRAM3IAR School Spellur and Definfa:. 201 
 — ^ — 
 
 622, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Cor rupt' i ble, subject to decay ; capable of debasement. 
 Cen' su ra ble, blamable ; culpable ; faulty. 
 So lie' i tous, anxious ; careful ; concerned ; earnest. 
 Se ren' i ty, calmness ; peace ; quiet ; composure ; coolness. 
 Al'a bas ter, a variety of gypsum used for ornamental purposes. 
 Com pen' di um, a summary; an epitome; an abridgment. 
 WRa ti oc i na' tion, the act or process of reasoning. 
 Es' pi nage, a close watcli ; the practice of a spy. 
 Ex ca va' tion, the act of making hollow; a hollow cavity. 
 Ve loc' i pede, a carriage propelled by the rider's feet. 
 
 623, Anglo-Saxon roots, English derivatives. 
 
 -ffic, an oak ; (see). Oak, oaken, acorn, x\cton. 
 
 -ffin, one ; (sen). An, a, any, anywhere, only, anon, eleven. 
 
 ^f'er, always; (sefer). Ever, every, never, whatever. 
 
 JGft, after; (seft). Aft, after, afterward, abaft. 
 
 ^r, before; (ser). Early, earlier, earliest, erst, ere. 
 
 A'gan, to have; (ag). Own, owner, disown, o*ught. 
 
 Bac'an, to cook ; (bac). Bake, bakery, batch. 
 
 Bselg, a bag; (bselg). Bilge, bulge, bag, billow, bellow^s. 
 
 Ba' na, destruction ; (ban). Bane, baneful, henbane. 
 
 Ban' nan, to proclaim ; (bann). Ban, banns, banish, bandit. 
 
 Be' al, misery ; (beal). Bale, baleful, bale-fire. 
 
 Beat' an, to beat down ; (beat). Bate, abate, batter. 
 
 624, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 The cause of Addison's taciturnity was a natural diffi- 
 dence in the presence of strangers. The thistle, as is well 
 known, is the national emblem of Scotland ; and the na- 
 tional motto is very appropriate, being, " Nobody provokes 
 me with impunity." Let the people have whatever sports 
 and recreations please them, provided theyl)e follow^ed with 
 discretion. He that is extravagant will quickly become 
 poor ; and poverty will enforce dependence and invite cor- 
 ruption. When wealth comes into power, the spirit of 
 liberty never fails to go out. 
 
202 Grammar School Bpellej: axd Defixer, 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 625, Miscellaneous "words. Written exercise. 
 
 Vln de pen' dent, free ; not controlled ; bold ; nnrestraincd. 
 Cha lyb' e ate, impregnated with iron. 
 Dee la ma' tion, a speech ; an exercise in speaking. 
 Ae cla ma' tion, a shout of applanse ; applause. 
 ^. Ad les'cence, youth ; age between childhood and manliood. 
 ' Bis ser ta' tion, a discourse ; an essay ; a discussion. 
 Mai a' ri a, noxious vapor from marshy districts. 
 Ori ent' al, eastern ; situated in, or proceeding from, the* east. 
 V Tes' sel lat ed, checkered ; formed in squares of mosaic work. 
 Ap pel' la tive, a common name ; a significant name. 
 
 626, Anglo-Saxon roots. English derivatives. 
 
 Bel' Ian, to roar ; (bell). Bell, bellow, bullock, bully. 
 
 Beorg, a hill ; burh, a city ; (beorg, burh). Iceberg, burgher. 
 
 Be' ran, to bear; (ber). Bear, forbear, birth, barrow. 
 
 Bere, barley ; (ber). Barley, barn, beer. 
 
 Bid' dan, to ask ; (bid). Bid, forbid, outbid. 
 
 Bin' dan, ta tie ; (bind). Bind, band, bond, bundle. 
 
 Bi'tan, to bite; (bit). Bite, bit, bait, bitter. 
 
 Blac, black; (blac). Black, blacken, bleak. 
 
 Blses'tan, to blow; (blsast). Blast, bluster, blare. 
 
 Bra' can, to break ; (brae). Break, bray, breach. 
 
 Bu'gan, to bend; (bug). Bow, elbow, bight. 
 
 Byr' nan, to burn; (byrn). Burn, burnt, brand, au])urn. 
 
 627, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 All men are agreed to call yinegar sour, honey sweet, and 
 aloes bitter. The little cloud appeared at first no bigger 
 than a man's hand, but presently grew and spread, and 
 blackened the whole heavens. Most insects are furnished 
 with compound eyes, which consist of several hexagonal 
 facets, nnited together in such a manner as to form a 
 large, dark-colored protuberance on each side of the head. 
 Extremes meet — a proverb, to collect and explain all the 
 instances and exemplifications of wdiich w^ould constitute 
 and exhaust all philosophy. 
 
GRAJurAU School Stj^jllkji .am) DiiFiyEU, 203 
 —4. — 
 
 628, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Sym met' ri cal, proportional in all parts ; proportionate. 
 ^Si mil' i tude, likeness ; resemblance ; a simile. 
 
 In e qual' i ty, disparity; nnevenness; inadeqnacy. 
 \^b ul 11' tion, act of boiling ; effervescence ; ontbreak. 
 
 XJn con trol' la ble, ungovernable ; not controllable. 
 
 Al' le go ry, a fable ; a symbolical writing or representation. 
 ^Au rif er ous, producing gold. 
 
 Sym bol' i cal, emblematical; representative; typical. 
 
 Me trop' lis, the chief town of a country or a state. 
 
 Tu ber' cu lar, full of knots or tubercles. 
 
 629, Anglo-Saxon roots, English derivatives. 
 
 Ceap'ian, to bargain ; (ceap). Cheap, chaffer, chapman. 
 Cleaf'an, to split ; (cleaf). Cleave, cleft, cliff, clove. 
 Cna'fa, a servant; (cnaf). Knave, knavery, knavish. 
 Cnyt'an, to knit; (cnyt). Knit, knot, knotty. 
 Cop, \hQ head ; (cop). Cop, cope, coping, cobble stone. 
 Cot' a, a small house ; (cot). Cot, cottage, cotter. 
 Cun'nen, to know ; (cunn). Know, knowledge, cunning. 
 Cyn, kindred ; (cyn). Kin, kind, kinsman, akin. 
 Dseg, a day ; (dseg). Day, daybreak, dawn, daisy. . 
 Dsel, a part ; (dsel). Deal, dealer, dealing, doll. 
 De' can, to cover ; (dec). Deck, bedeck, thatch. 
 De'man, to judge; (dem). Deem, doom, doomsday. 
 
 630, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 How many young persons have at first set out in the 
 w^oxld with excellent dispositions of heart, generous, cha- 
 ritable, and humane, kind to their friends, and amiable 
 among all with whom they had intercourse ! And yet how 
 often have we seen all these fair appearances unhappily 
 blasted in the progress of life, merely through the influ- 
 ence of loose and corrupting pleasures ; and those very 
 persons Avho promised once to be blessings to the world, 
 sunk down in the end to be the burden and nuisance of 
 society. A heart unspotted is not easily daunted. 
 
204 Grammar ScnooL Speller and Dbfiner. 
 
 / 
 
 V 
 
 631, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Mai e die' tion, a curse ; an execration ; denunciation. 
 
 Mai' le a ble, that may be extended by beating; ductile. 
 
 Hon'ey sue kle, the woodbine ; a fragrant flower. 
 
 Cal lig' ra phy, elegant penmanship. 
 
 Dil'i gent ly, assiduously; attentively ; industriously. 
 
 Im ma te' ri al, spiritual ; unimportant ; without weight. 
 
 Ec can trie' i ty, deviation from a centre ; irregularity. 
 
 A gra' ri an, relating to fields or land. 
 
 Mel lif'lu ous, flowing as with honey; sw^eetly'flov/ing. 
 
 Te nae' 1 ty, retentiveness ; firmness ; adhesiveness. 
 
 632, Anglo-Saxon roots, English derivatives. 
 
 Deor, beloved ; (deor). Dear, darling, dearth. 
 Dip' pan, to dip; (dipp). Dip, dipper, dive, deep, depth. 
 Dra' gan, to pull ; (drag). Drag, draw, dray, dredge. 
 Dri' fan, to drive; (drif). Drive, drove, drift, adrift. 
 Drop'ian, to drop; (drop). Droj), drip, dribble, droop. 
 Eage, the eye ; (eag). Eye, eyelid. 
 Eald, old ; (eald). Old, olden, elder, alderman. 
 Eorthe, earth; (eorth). Earth, earthy, earthquake. 
 Paest, fixed; (fgest). East, fasten, steadfast. 
 Pa' ran, to go ; (far). Fare, wayfaring, thoroughfare, wel- 
 fare, farewell, far, farther, ford, fordable, ferry. 
 Pe' dan, to nourish ; (fed). Feed, food, fodder, fat. 
 
 633, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 It is a pleasure to stand on the shore, and to see ships 
 tossed by the sea ; a pleasure to stand in the window of a 
 castle, and to see a battle and the adventures thereof below; 
 but no pleasure is comparable to the standing upon the 
 vantage-ground of truth — a hill not to be commanded, and 
 where the air is always pure and serene — and to see the 
 errors, and wanderings, and mists, and tempests in the vale 
 below, so always that this prospect be with pity, and not 
 with swelling or pride. 
 
 Truth is always strange ; stranger than fiction. 
 
GEAM3IAR School Speller and Definer. 205 
 
 634. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Chi mer' i cal, imaginary ; fanciful ; unreal ; fantastic. 
 Ty pog' ra phy, the art of printing. 
 Leg' is la tive, capable of enacting laws ; law-making. 
 Tab' er na cle, a temporary habitation ; a tent or pavilion. 
 Cal rif'ic, producing heat ; heating. 
 In ter li geiTce, acquired knowledge ; information ; advice. 
 ^ In dig' e nous, native ; originally produced or born in a place. 
 Or gan i za' tion, a due construction of parts. 
 Com' mis sa ry, one delegated to some trust; a commissioner. 
 Cic e ro' ne, a guide who shows, and explains, curiosities. 
 
 635. Anglo-Saxon roots. English derivatives* 
 
 Fen' gan, to catch ; (fang). Fang, fanged, finger. 
 Feow' er, f our ; (fewr). Four, forty, farthing, firkin. 
 Pi' an, fe'on, to hate; (fl, fo). Fiend, foe, fend. 
 Fie' an, to skin ; (fle). Fleece, fleecy, flaw, flay. 
 Fleo'gan, to escape; (fleog). Fly, flee, flight, flea. 
 Flow' an, to flow ; (flow). Flow, flood, fleet, afloat. 
 Folg' ian, to accompany ; (folg). Follow, folk, fellow. 
 Fot, a foot ; (fot). Foot, feet, fetters, afoot. 
 Fre'o, free; (fre). Free, freedom, freeman, frolic. 
 Fro' on, to love ; (fre). Friend, friendship, befriend. 
 Ful, dirty ; (ful). Foul, fulsome, filth, defile. 
 Fyl' Ian, to fill ; (fyll). Fill, full, fulfil, handful. 
 
 636. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Bad as the world is, respect is always paid to virtue. In 
 the usual course of human aifairs, it will be found that a 
 plain understanding, joined with acknowledged worth, con- 
 tributes more to prosperity than the brightest parts without 
 probity or honor. Whether science, or business, or public 
 life be your aim, virtue still enters for a principal share into 
 all those great departments of society. Resolved, that the 
 flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes, alter- 
 nately red and white ; that the Union be thirteen stars, 
 white in -a blue field, representing a new constellation. 
 
206 GRxii,n[AR School Speller and Defikee. 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 637. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Pos si bir i ty, the power of being or existing ; a contingency. 
 Plau si bir i ty, the quality of haying a fair appearance. 
 Ad vis' a ble, fit to be advised ; prudent ; expedient. 
 Di vis' i ble, capable of being divided ; separable. 
 Neu tral' i ty, state of being neutral ; indiiference. 
 Ex ha la' tion, emission of vapor ; evaporation ; taper ; fume. 
 Am Kiu ni'tion, military stores, powder, cartridges, shells, etc. 
 Fu ne're al, suiting a funeral ; dark ; dismal; mournful. 
 An'ti qua ry, one versed in a knowledge of antiquity. 
 Nee' es sa ry, that must be ; inevitable ; unavoidable. 
 
 638. Anglo-Saxon roots, English derivatives. 
 
 Gab' ban, to mock ; (gabb). Gab, gibe, gibberish, jabber. 
 Gad, a sting ; (gad). Gad, gadfly, goad. 
 Gader'ian,to assemble; (gader). Gather, gathering, together. 
 Gan, gang' an, to go ; (gang). Gang, gate, gait, go, begin. 
 Gast, a sjoirit ; (gast). Ghastly, ghost, ghostly. 
 Ge'lew, geo' lew, yellow; (geol). Yellow, yelk, yolk. 
 Gere' fa, a governor; (geref). Sheriff, landgrave, margrave. 
 Get' an, to get ; (get). Get, beget, begotten, forget. 
 Gif'an, to give ; (gif). Give, forgive, gift. 
 Gleam, a gleam; (gleam). Gleam, glimmer, glimpse, gloom. 
 Glow' an, to glow ; (glow). Glow, glow-worm. 
 God, brave ; good ; (god). God, godly, gospel, good. 
 
 639. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 That the temper, the sentiments, the morality, and, in 
 general, the whole conduct and character of men, are influ- 
 enced by the example and disposition of the persons with 
 whom they associate, is a reflection which has long since 
 passed into a proyerb, and been ranked among the standing 
 maxims of human wisdom, in all ages of the world. 
 
 Among all our corrupt passions there is a strong and in- 
 timate connection. When any one of them is adopted into 
 our family, it seldom quits until it has fathered upon us all 
 its kindred. Known virtue bears the privilege of -trust. 
 
GRAM3IAR School Speller and Definer. 207 
 
 640, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Dep ri va' tion, a taking away; loss; want; deposition. 
 
 Ad mo ni' tion, gentle reproof ; caution. 
 
 A pos' tro plie, an address ; a mark noting contraction. 
 
 A poth' e ca ry, one who prepares medicines. 
 
 Ver bos' i ty, the use of unnecessary words ; prolixity. 
 
 Vo lupt' u ous, luxurious ; addicted to sensual pleasures. 
 
 Fas' ci nat ing, enchanting ; charming ; captivating. 
 
 Ca jor er y, flattery ; wheedling ; deceit. . ^ 
 
 Ther mom' e ter, a measure of the temperature. 1 
 
 In firm' a ry, a hospital ; a hospital for the sick poor. 
 
 641, Anglo-Saxon roots. English derivatives. 
 
 Gra'fan, to dig; (graf). Grave, groove, graft, engrave. 
 Grin' dan, to grind; (grind). Grind, ground, grist. 
 Gri'pan, to seize ; (grip). Gripe, grip, grab, grasp. 
 Grow' an, to grow; (grow). Grow, growth, green, grain. 
 Gyr' dan, to enclose ; (gyrd). Gird, girdle, girth, garden. 
 Hab'ban, to have ; (habb). Have, haft, behave. 
 Ha'lig, holy; (hal). Hallow, holy, holiday. 
 Ham, a dwelling; (ham). Hamlet, Chatham, home. 
 Han'gian, to suspend; (hang). Hang, hangman, hingo- 
 Heal' dan, to hold ; (heald). Hold, behold, stronghold, up- 
 hold, withhold, upholster, halt, halter, hilt, helm. 
 Heb'ban, to raise; (heaf). Heave, head, heaven, heap. 
 
 642, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Every breach of veracity indicates some latent vice, or 
 some criminal intention, which the individual is ashamed 
 to avow. By degrees, as tlie number of people increased, 
 their longevity decreased until it came down to seventy or 
 eighty years ; and there it stood, and has continued to 
 stand, ever since the time of Moses. Speak the speech, I 
 pray thee, as I pronounced it to you, trippingly on the 
 tongue : but if you mouth it as many of our players do, I 
 had as lief the town-crier spoke my lines. To everything 
 there is a season, and a time for every purpose under heaven. 
 
208 Grammar School Speller and De finer. 
 
 643, Miscellaneous -words. Written exercise. 
 
 Com pet' i tor, one who strives to obtain what another seeks. 
 
 Sar i va ry, relating to saliva or spittle. 
 
 Sal i va' tion, the act of causing an excessive flow of saliva. 
 
 Urbanity, civility; elegance; politeness; polished manners. 
 
 Ma nip' u late, to manage with the hands. 
 
 Ab ne ga' tion, a denial ; renunciation ; self-denial. 
 
 Ab di ca' tion, the act of relinquishing or abandoning an office. 
 
 As sas' si nate, to murder by sudden violence. 
 
 Re sus' ci tate, to revive ; to restore from apparent death. 
 
 Em en da' tion, correction ; alteration for the better. 
 
 644, Anglo-Saxon roots, English derivatives. 
 
 Hleap'an,tojump; (leap). Leap, overleap, leap-year, lapwing. 
 Hus, a dwelling ; (hus). Husband, husbandry, house. 
 Hyr'an, to hear; (hyr). Hear, hearing, hark, rehearse. 
 Hy' dan, to hide ; (hyd). Hide, hidden, hood, hat. 
 L^' dan, to lead ; (Ised). Load, leader, ladder, loadstone. 
 Lsep' pa, a lap ; ahem; (leepp). Lap, laj)pet, lapel. 
 Iise'ran, to teach ; (Iser). Learn, learning, unlearn, lore. 
 L8b' tan, to permit; (Iset). Let, inlet, outlet. 
 La'tian, to hinder; (lat). Late, lateness, loiter. 
 Lang, long, long; (lang). Along, length, linger, longing. 
 Lec'gan, to lay; (lecg). Ledge, lay, layer, inlay. 
 Leoht, not heavy ; (leoht). Light, lighten, alight. 
 
 645, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Light is one of the best and cheapest of ISTature's tonics. 
 This needful medicament is poured out profusely over the 
 world, and streams into every dwelling from which it is not 
 repelled by ignorance or folly. Li man the habitual absence 
 of sufficient light proclaims itself in the wan cheek and 
 bloodless lip ; and in plants, by the general want of green 
 coloring-matter. The blood that has been long shut off 
 from the renovating influence of sunlight-air may circulate 
 through the various organs, but it lacks the power to impart 
 to them a healthy vigor. 
 
GEA3IMAI2 School Spelleu and Definer. 209 
 
 . — 4, — 
 
 646. Miscellaneous verords. Written exercise, 
 
 Aux ir ia ry, a helper ; an assistant ; a confederate. 
 
 San' gui na ry, bloody ; cruel ; mnrderous. 
 >< Con fee' tion er y, a preparation of sweetmeats ; comfits. 
 
 Ag gre ga' tion, collection ; accumulation. 
 
 Sus cep' ti ble, tender ; susceptive ; sensitive ; imjiressible. 
 
 A bom' i na ble, detestable ; execrable; batcful ; odious. 
 V^ E pbem' e ral, short-lived. 
 
 Af fir ma' tion, that which is asserted ; ratification. 
 
 Ex' em pla ry, worthy of imitation ; serving to w^arn. 
 
 Is la' tion, state of being placed by itself; separation. 
 
 647. Anglo-Saxon roots, Bnglish derivatives. 
 
 Lie, resembling; (lie). Like, likeness, godly, alike. 
 Li'gan, to lie; (lig). Lie, rely, reliable, reliance. 
 Iio' gian, to place ; (logi). Lodge, lodgings, dislodge. 
 Lo' ma, household goods ; (loni). Loom, heirloom, lumber. 
 Lu' fian, to love ; (luf ). Love, loveliness, beloved. 
 Lyht' an, to shine ; (lyht). Light, enlighten, lightning. 
 Ma'ea, a mate ; (mae). Match, matchless, unmatched. 
 Mse' ger, lean ; (mseger). Meagre, meagreness, meagrely. 
 Ma' gan, to be able ; (mag). May, might, mighty, main. 
 Man'ig, many; (man). Many, manifold. 
 Mase, a whirlpool ; (mas). Maze, mazy, amazement. 
 Maw' an, to mow; (maw). Mow, mower, mowing. 
 
 648. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Ho Avho every morning j)lans the transactions of the day, 
 and follows out that plan, carries on a thread which will 
 guide him through the labyrinth of the most busy life. The 
 orderly arrangement of his time is like a ray of light which 
 darts itself through all his affairs. But where no plan is 
 laid — where the disposal of time is surrendered merely to 
 the chance of incidents — all things lie huddled together in 
 one chaos, which admits of neither distribution nor review. 
 
 They that stand high, have many blasts to shake them ; 
 and if they falj, they dash themselves to pieces. 
 
210 Grammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — *h — 
 
 649. Miscellaneous vrords. Written exercisOo 
 
 Ben e die' tion, Vv blessing ; an expression of good wishes. 
 V Ab rig'i nes, the primitiye inhabitants of a country. 
 
 Vi tu' per a tion, blame ; censure ; severe reprehension. 
 ^ Sti pen' di a ry, one serving for a definite conij)ensation. 
 \/ Mer' ce na ry, one who performs base or servile work for pay. 
 
 A men'i ty, agreeableness of situation, place, or manners. 
 
 E ques' tri an, pertaining to horses or horsemanship. 
 
 Ep i cu re' an, devoted to pleasure ; given to luxury ; luxurious. 
 
 Ca mel' o pard, the tallest of known quadrupeds ; the giraffe. 
 
 RM noc' e ros, a thick-skinned animal allied to the elephant. 
 
 650. Anglo-Saxon roots. English derivatives. 
 
 Mearc, a boundary line; (m.earc). Mark, march, demarcation. 
 Men' gan, to mix ; (meng). Mingle, mongrel, amongst. 
 Midd, middle; (m.idd). Micl, middle, midst, amidst. 
 Mis' sian, to err ; (miss). Miss, amiss, misfortune. 
 Mo'na, the moon; (mon). Moon, month, Monday. 
 !N"a, ne, not; (na, ne). ISTo, nay, none, neither, not, need. 
 JSTsese,- naso, the nose ; (nsss). Nose, nozzle, nostril, nasal. 
 Niwe, new, new ; (new). New, news, renew, renewal. 
 O'ge, e'ge, great fear; (og, eg). Ugly, ugliness, awe, awful. 
 Par' rue, an enclosure ; (parruc). Park, paddock. 
 Path, pseth, a road ; (path). Path, pathless, pad, footpad. 
 Pliht, danger ; (pliht). Plight, plot, complot. 
 
 651. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 There is certainly no greater felicity than to be able to 
 look back on a life usefully and virtuously employed — to 
 trace our own progress in existence by such tokens as excite 
 neither shame nor sorrow. Those, therefore, who wish to 
 pass their last hours with comfort, should lay up such a trea- 
 sure of pleasing ideas as may supply the wants of that time, 
 which is to. depend wholly upon the fund already acquired. 
 
 The external misfortunes of life, disappointments, poverty, 
 and sickness, are light in comparison to those distresses of 
 mind occasioned by folly, by passion, and byt guilt. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer, 211 
 — 4- — 
 
 652. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Spon ta'ne ous, acting, or growing, of itself ; voluntary. 
 
 Di vin' i ty, the nature of God ; the Supreme Being. 
 
 Def al ca' tion, diminution ; abatement ; embezzlement. 
 
 dor if er ous, fragrant ; diffusing sweet odor. 
 
 Phy lac' ter y, a charm worn to preserve from danger. 
 
 Vo rac' i ty, greediness ; ravenousness ; avidity. 
 
 Pe des' tri-an, one who journeys on foot. 
 
 Cor' ol la ry, a deduction ; a consequent truth. 
 
 Scur ril' i ty, vulgar or abusive language ; vileness of speech, 
 
 Ex'i gen cy, urgency ; pressing necessity; want ; need. 
 
 653. Anglo-Saxon roots, English derivatives. 
 
 Poc'ca, a bag; (pocc). Pocket, pouch, poach, j)ucker. 
 Pyn' dan, to shut in ; (pynd). Pen, pound, pond. 
 Use' dan, to read ; (rsed). Read, reader, riddle. 
 Ras'cal, a lean, worthless deer ; (rascal). Rascal. 
 Reaf ' ian, to rob ; (reaf ). Bereave, rob, robbery. 
 ' Re' can, to care for ; (rec). Reck, reckon, reckless. 
 Ren' nan, to flow ; (renn). Run, runnel, rennet. 
 Riht, straight ; just ; (riht). Right, righteous, upright. 
 Rip' an, to reap; (rip). Reap, ripe, ripen, unripe. 
 Rode, a crucifix ; (rod). Rood, holyrood, rood-screen. 
 Row' an, to row; (row). Row, rudder, rudderless. 
 Rud, red ; (rud). Red, redden, ruddy. 
 
 654. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Stillness with Silence at her back entered the solitary 
 parlor, and drew their gauzy mantle over Uncle Toby's 
 head; and Listlessness, with her lax fibre and undirected 
 eye, sat quietly down beside him in his arm-chair. 
 
 The Accusing Spirit which flew up to Heaven's chancery 
 with the oath, blushed as he gave it in ; and the Recording 
 Angel, as he wrote it down, dropped a tear uj)on the Avord, 
 and blotted it out forever. 
 
 Words are the leaves on the tree of language, of which, 
 if some fall away, a new succession takes their place. 
 
212 G1ZA3IMAR School Speller and Definer, 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 655, Miscellaneous -words. Written exercise, 
 
 Dis a bir i ty, want of power ; want of qualification. 
 Cred i bil' i ty, the state of being worthy of belief. 
 Pe nu' ri ous, too saving or sparing ; niggardly ; miserly. 
 Cre du' li ty, readiness to believe on slight evidence. 
 Le git'i mate, legal ; lawful ; genuine ; not spurious. 
 Hip po pot' a mus, a large, aquatic, thick-skinned animal. 
 Fe lie' i tate, to congratulate ; to express joy or.pleasure. 
 Iixi mov' a ble, that cannot be moved ; firm ; steadfast. 
 Ir re sist' i ble, superior to opposition. 
 \^ Re cip' ro cal, mutual ; done by each to the other. 
 
 656, Anglo-Saxon roots. English derivatives, 
 
 Ruh, rough ; (ruh). Eough, roughen, rough-hewn, rugged. 
 Run, a letter ; a magical character ; (run). Eune, lunic. 
 Ssq' gan, to speak; (saeg). Say, saying, soothsaying, wiseacre. 
 Sa' ga, a saw ; (sag). Saw", sawyer, saw-dust. 
 Sar, a wound ; grief ; (sar). Sore, sorrow, sorry. 
 Scaf ' an, to scrape ; (scaf ). Shave, shaver, shaving. 
 Scsed'an^ to separate; to cover; (scsed). Shade, sheath. 
 Sceap'an, to form; (sceap). Shape, shapeless, landscape. 
 Sceaw' ian, to view; (sceaw). Shew, show, showy. 
 See' ran, to cut; (seer). Shear, unshorn, share. 
 Seeo'tan, to dart; (seeot). Shoot, shot, shout. 
 Scrnd, clothing; (serud). Shroud, enshroud. 
 
 657, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Everybody has heard of the gigantic animals of the pri- 
 meval world. Their tombs are the geological formations, 
 and fragments of their skeletons have been exhumed and 
 ]3ieced out by the anatomists. To the student who discovers 
 the vestiges in the rocks, chisels them out, and supplements 
 the deficient parts of the colossal frameworks, nothing can 
 be more real than these extraordinary creatures and the 
 circumstances of their lives; but by those who give little 
 thought to the subject, they are regarded, with a kind of 
 incredulous wonder, as myths of the scientific imagination. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer, 213 
 
 _•!. — 
 
 658, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise. 
 
 Rec ti lin' e ar, relating to^ or bounded by, straight lines. 
 
 Pan e gyr' ic, a laudatory oration or discourse. 
 
 A gil'i ty, nimbleness; quickness; activity. 
 
 Im ag' i na tive, fantastic ; forming mental images. 
 
 So lie' i tor, one who solicits or importunes ; a lawyer. 
 
 Mag nan' i mous, great in mind ; brave; unselfish; liberal. 
 
 Pac i fi ca' tion, the act of promoting peace ; reconcihation. 
 
 Sac ri le' gions, violating sacred things ; impious ; irreverent. 
 
 Te mer' i ty, excessive or undue boldness ; rashness. 
 
 Ac com mo da' tion, state of being supplied with conveniences. 
 
 659, Anglo-Saxon roots. English derivatives. 
 
 Scri'fan, to confess; (serif). Shrive, Shrove-Tuesday. 
 Scu'fan, to thrust; (seuf). Shove, shovel, shuffle. 
 Scy'lan, to distinguish ; (scyl). Skill, skilful, scale. 
 Se' can, to look for ; (sec). Seek, beseech, unsought, sake. 
 Se' on, to see ; (se). See, seer, sight, since. 
 Seoth' an, to boil ; (seoth). Seethe, sodden, suds. 
 Set' tan, to place ; (sett). Set, beset, settle*, sit, seat. 
 Sip' an, to sip ; (sip). Sip, sop, soup, sup, supper. 
 Siw'ian, to sew; (siw). Sew, seam, seamstress. 
 Sleac, careless; (sleac). Slack, slacken, slow, sluggard. 
 Slip' an, to glide away ; (slip). Slip, slippery, slope. 
 Sli' tan, to slit ; to tear; (slit). Slit, slice. 
 
 660, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Those evening bells ! those evening bells ! 
 How many a tale their music tells. 
 Of youth, and home, and that sweet time. 
 When first I heard their soothing chime ! 
 I do not know what I may appear to the world; but to 
 myself I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the 
 sea-shore, and diverting myself in now and then finding a 
 smoother pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary, whilst 
 the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me. 
 Hope deferred maketh the heart sick. 
 
214 GRA3IMAR .School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — -i- — 
 
 661, Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Hor i zon' tal, parallel to the horizon ; level. 
 Dip lo mat' ic, relating to diplomacy, or to diplomatists. 
 Ab er ra' tion, deviation from the right way ; wandering, 
 V A nal' gous, having relation or resemblance ; similar. 
 Pen in' su la, land almost surrounded by water. 
 Sy non' y mous, having the same meaning ; nnivocal. 
 bes' i ty, excessive fatness or fleshiness. 
 Sar sa pa ril' la, a medicinal plant and root. 
 Des e era' tion, the act of profaning ; profanation. 
 Deg ra da' tion, a deprivation of dignity ; debasement. 
 
 662, Anglo-Saxon roots. English derivatives. 
 
 Smere, fat ; grease; (smer). Smear, besmear. 
 
 Smi' tan, to beat ; (smit). Smite, smith, blacksmith. 
 
 Snic' an, to creep ; (snic). Sneak, snake, snail. 
 
 Soth, truth ; (soth). Sooth, soothsayer, forsooth. 
 
 Spell, history ; tidings; (spell). Spell, gospel. 
 
 Spin' nan, to spin ; (spinn). Spin, ^jDinster, spider. 
 
 Sti'gan, to ascend; (stig). Stage, stair, stile, stirrup. , 
 
 Streow, straw ; (streow). Straw, stray, astray, stroll. 
 
 Styr'an, to rule ; (styr). Steer, steerage, stern, stir. 
 
 Sur, sour; cross; (sur). Sour, surly, sorrel. 
 
 Swan, a herdsman; (swan). Swain, swainmote, boatswain. 
 
 Swel'tan, to perish ; (swel). Swelter, sweltry, sultry 
 
 663, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Glory is like a circle in the water, 
 
 Which never ceaseth to enlarge itself, 
 
 Till, by broad spreading, it disperse to naught. 
 
 The curfew tolls the knell of parting day. 
 
 The lowing herd winds slowly o'er the lea. 
 The ploughman homeward plods his weary way, 
 And leaves the world to darkness and to me. 
 Hear mo, for I will speak. 
 
 Must I give way and room to your rash choler ? 
 Shall I be frightened when a madman stares ? 
 
Grammar School Speller and De finer, 215 
 — -J, — 
 
 664. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Du ra bir i ty, the power of lasting ; permanence. 
 
 Tran quil'li ty, quiet ; calmness ; peace of mind. 
 
 As sess' a ble, that may be taxed; liable to be taxed. 
 
 Ac ces' si ble, approachable ; affable. 
 
 Ab ju ra' tion, a renunciation of a country or of an opinion. 
 
 Ben e fi' cial, useful ; conferring benefits ; advantageous. 
 
 Com mem' o rate, to celebrate by some public act. 
 
 Con tam' i nate, to defile ; to pollute ; to corrupt. 
 
 In sid' i ous, deceitful ; sly ; ensnaring ; treacherous. 
 
 Pre di lee' tion, a preference or liking beforehand ; partiality. 
 
 665. Anglo-Saxon roots, English derivatives. 
 
 Swer'ian, to swear; (swer). Swear, forswear, answer. 
 Syl'lan, to sell; (syll). Sell, sale, salesman, handsel. 
 Tsec'an, to show; (tsec). Teach, teacher, untaught, token. 
 Tel' Ian, to relate ; (tell). Tell, foretell, tale, talk. 
 Thraw' an, to throw ; (thraw). Throw, overthrow, thread. 
 Thresc'an, to strike; (thresc). Thresh, thrash, threshold. 
 Thurh, through ; by; (thurh). Through, thorough, thrill. 
 Ti'dan, to happen ; (tid). Tidings, betide, tide. 
 Treow, faith ; (treow). Trow, troth, betroth, true, trust. 
 Twa, two; (twa). Two, twice, twain, tAvin, twilight. 
 Up, exalted ; high ; (up). Up, upon, upper, uppermost. 
 Ut, out; abroad; (ut). Out, without, utmost, utterance. 
 
 666. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 Ah, what avail the largest gifts of Heaven, 
 AYhen drooping health and spirits go amiss ? 
 
 How tasteless then whatever can be given ! 
 Health is the vital principle of bliss. 
 Imagination fondly stoops to trace 
 The parlor-splendors of that festive place ; 
 The white-washed wall, the nicely-sanded floor, 
 The varnished clock that clicked behind the door ; 
 The chest contrived a double debt to pay — 
 A bed by night, a chest of drawers by day. 
 
V 
 
 216 GnAiVMAJi .School Speller axl DEFI^'ER, 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 667, Miscellaneous -words. Written exercise. 
 
 Met a mor' phose, to cliange the form of ; to transfigure. 
 
 San' i ta ry, healing ; tending to guard public health. 
 
 E mer' g^ni cy, a sudden occasion ; pressing necessity. 
 
 Com bus' ti ble, that may be burnt ; inflammable. 
 
 Im men' si ty, unlimited extent ; infinity ; boundlessness. 
 
 Cen so' ri ous, apt to blame or condemn ; hard to please ; severe. 
 
 pin' i a tive, stiff in opinion ; obstinate ; conceited. 
 
 Or' tho e py, the art of pronouncing words properly. 
 
 Pre pon' der ate, to exceed in weight or influence. 
 
 An tom'a ton, a machine with moving powers within itself. 
 
 668, Anglo-Saxon roots. English derivatives. 
 
 Wa, woe ; sorrow ; (wa). Woe, w^of ul, well-a-day. 
 Wac'lan, to aw^ake ; (wac). Wake^ awaken, watch. 
 Wser, cautious ; wear' dian, to guard ; (wser, weard). Wary, 
 aware, beware, warrant, warden, guard, guaranty, regard. 
 Wan'ian, to fail; (wani). Wane, wan, wanness, w^ant. 
 Wear wian, to roll ; (wealw). Wallow, welter. 
 We' fan, web' ban, to weave ; (wef, web). Weave, cobweb. 
 Weg, a way ; (weg). Way, gangway, wagon, wave. 
 Wei, well ; much; (well). Well, welcome, welfare, Avealth. 
 We' nan, to esteem; (wen). Ween, overweening. 
 Wen' dan, to go ; (wend). Wend, went, wander. 
 Weor'can, labor; pain; (weorc). Work, wrought, irksome. 
 
 669, Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 On active worth the laurel war bestows ; 
 
 Peace rears her olives for industrious brows ; 
 
 ISTor earth, uncultured, yields her kind supplies; 
 
 Nor heaven its showers, without a sacrifice. 
 
 He that hath light within his own clear breast, 
 •May sit i' the centre, and enjoy bright day; 
 But he that hides a dark soul and foul thoughts. 
 Benighted walks under the mid-day sun. 
 
 The rose is fairest when 'tis budding new. 
 
 And hope is brightest when it dawns from fears. 
 
GRA3IMAR School Speller and Definer, 217 
 
 670. Miscellaneous words. Written exercise, 
 
 Ca lum' ni ate, to accuse falsely ; to asperse ; to vilify. 
 Pe cul' iar ly, in a peculiar manner ; particularly ; singly. 
 Homoeop'athy, the art of curing, founded on resemblances. 
 Mau so le' um, a magnificent tomb or monument. 
 Ab 11' tion, destruction ; emancipation ; abrogation. 
 Tes' ti mo ny, declaration ; eyidence ; proof. 
 Hoc og ni' tion, acknowledgment ; formal avowal. 
 Sa gac' i ty, penetration ; shrewdness ; quick discernment. 
 Cas'u al ty, that which happens without being foreseen. 
 Pe tro'le um, a brown bitumen found in various places. 
 
 671. Anglo-Saxon roots, English derivatives. 
 
 Weorth, price ; value ; (weorth). Worth, worship, award. 
 Wo' pan, to weep ; (wep). Weep, unwept, whooping-cough. 
 Wic'ca, a wizard ; (wice). Witch, bewitch, wicked. 
 Wild, a forest ; (wild). Wild, wilderness, bewildered. 
 Wile, a stratagem ; (wil). Wile, wily, guile, beguile. 
 Wind, wind ; (wind). Wind, wintry, wdnnow, AvindoAV. 
 Win' dan, to bend; to roll; (wind). Wind, windlass, Avithe. 
 Wit' an, to know" ; (wit). Wit, witty, witness, wist. 
 Wraes' tan, to twist ; (wrsest). Wrest, wrestle, wrist. 
 Wre' can, to banish; to afflict ; (wrec). Wreak, wretch, wa*eck. 
 Wrin' gan, to strain ; (wring). Wring, wrench, WTinkle. 
 Writh'an, to writhe; (writh). Writhe, wry, awry, wreath. 
 
 672. Miscellaneous sentences for dictation. 
 
 They say the tongues of dying men 
 
 Enforce attention, like deep harmony ; 
 
 When words are scarce, they're seldom spent in vain : 
 
 For they breathe truth that breathe their words in pain. 
 Father of light and life ! thou God supreme ! 
 Oh, teach me what is good ! teach me Thyself ! 
 Save me from folly, vanity, and vice. 
 From every low pursuit ! and feed my soul 
 With knowledge, conscious peace, and virtue pure, 
 Sacred, substantial, never-fading bliss. 
 
ECCLESIASTICAL TERMS CORRECTLY DEFINED. 
 
 Abbess. The superior of a religions house of nuns. ^ 
 
 Abbey. A religious house in which monks live in com- 
 munity. 
 
 Abbot. The superior of a religious house of monks. 
 
 Abjuration. A solemn denial or renunciation upon oath. 
 
 Abstinence. Abstaining from meat on Fridays and fast-days. 
 
 Acolyte. A person ordained in one of the Minor Orders of 
 the clergy. Sometimes applied to an altar-boy or Mass- 
 server. 
 
 Advent. A season of four weeks preceding Christmas, during 
 which the Church has special seryices to commemorate 
 the birth of Our Lord. 
 
 Agnus Dei. A small cake made of the wax of bees, mixed 
 with the dust of martyrs' bones, and blessed by the 
 Pope at certain seasons. On one side the figure of a 
 lamb is always impressed. A particle broken off from 
 the larger piece, and enclosed in a little case to be worn 
 suspended around the neck, is also called an Agnus Dei. 
 
 Alb. A long, white linen gown worn oA^er the cassock by 
 the priest at Mass. 
 
 Alleluia. A Hebrew word, meaning ^^ Praise the Lord," 
 
 adopted by the Church into the liturgy. 
 All Hallows. An old English term for the feast of All 
 
 Saints. 
 All Saints. A feast of the Church, held on the 1st of No- 
 vember, to commemorate all the Saints in one service. 
 All Souls. The annual commemoration, on the 2d of No- 
 vember, of all the faithful departed. 
 
 218 
 
Grammar School Speller Ai^d Definer, 219 
 — ^ — 
 Amen. A Hebrew word, meaning '^So be it/' adopted by 
 
 tlie Church into the liturgy. 
 Annunciation. A feast of the Church, celebrated on the 
 
 25 th of March, to commemorate the appearance of the 
 
 Angel Gabriel to announce to the Blessed Virgin the 
 
 incarnation of the Son of God. 
 Apostasy. The renunciation of the Catholic faith. 
 Apostate. One who has renounced the Catholic faith. 
 Asceticism. The practice of self-denial and mortification of 
 
 the senses. 
 Asperges. The ceremony of sprinkling holy-water in the 
 
 church befox^e High Mass on Sundays. 
 Atheist. One who denies the existence of God. 
 Attrition. An imperfect sorrow for sin. 
 Aureola. A halo of light represented in sacred art around 
 
 the body of Our Lord and of the saints. 
 Basilica. An early Christian church of Koman architec- 
 ture; a magnificent church, built after the plan of the 
 
 ancient basilica, which was used for secular purposes. 
 Beatification. A preparatory or lesser form of canonization. 
 Beatific Vision. The state of heavenly bliss or contempla- 
 tion of the glory of God. 
 Benediction. A solemn form of blessing given with the 
 
 Blessed Sacrament. 
 Benefice. An ecclesiastical charge to which a fixed revenue 
 
 is attached. 
 Beretta. A cap worn by clergymen during certain parts of 
 
 divine service, or habitually when dressed in cassock. 
 Breviary. The Latin Office-book, containing the psalms, 
 
 hymns, prayers, and passages of Holy "Writ to be recited 
 
 daily by the clergy. 
 Brief. A Papal document, written in Latin on parchment, 
 
 and sealed with a fac-simile of the Fisherman's ring. 
 BuU. A Papal document, engrossed on parchment, and 
 
 having a seal of lead or gold attached to it. 
 Candlemas. The feast of the Purification of fhe B. V. M., 
 
 on February 2, during which lighted candles, after 
 
 being blessed, are carried in procession. 
 
220 Grammab School Speller and Definer. 
 
 Canon. An ecclesiastical dignitary holding a benefice. 
 Canonization. A Papal act declaring tlie sanctity of some 
 
 deceased person, who is then honored as a Saint. 
 Cardinal. A dignitary of the Church, next in rank to the 
 
 Pope. They are the electors of the Pope. 
 Cassock. An outer garment worn by clergymen, reaching 
 
 to the feet, and buttoning the whole length in front. 
 Catafalque. A temporary framework, covered with a pall, 
 
 used to support a coffin during funeral services. 
 Catechumen. An adult person preparing for baptism. 
 Cenotaph. A monument erected to the memory, but not 
 
 over the remains, of a deceased person. 
 Censer. A vessel used in divine service to contain the lighted 
 
 charcoal on which incense is burned. 
 Chalice. A consecrated cnp used at Mass to contain the 
 
 Precious Blood. 
 Chasuble. The outermost of the sacred vestments worn by 
 
 the priest at Mass. 
 Chrism. Oil of olives, mixed with balsam, and blessed by a 
 
 bishop. 
 Cincture. A. girdle tied around the waist to contain the 
 
 folds of the alb. 
 Clapper. A wooden instrument used during Holy Week 
 
 instead of a belL 
 Coadjutor. An assistant-bishop, generally with right of 
 
 succession. 
 Compline. The last distinct part of the daily Office of the 
 
 Breviary. 
 Concordat. An agreement between the Pope and some other 
 
 sovereign concerning matters which affect both church 
 
 and state. 
 Confessor. A person who has suffered persecution for the 
 
 faith ; any male saint not a martyr ; one who is deputed 
 
 to hear confessions. 
 Cope. A large outer vestment worn by the clergy at certain 
 
 services and ceremonies. 
 Corporal. A small linen cloth spread out on the altar to 
 
 receive the Sacred Host durino- Mass. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer. 221 
 — ^ — 
 Corpus Christi. Tlie annual commemoraiion of the real 
 
 presence of Jesus Christ in the Blessed Eucharist. 
 Council. An ecclesiastical assembly convened to treat of 
 
 graver matters of religion. 
 Crosier. A blessed staff used by bishops and mitred abbots 
 
 during some divine services. 
 Cruets. Two small, glass or metal, vessels to contain the 
 
 Avine and water used at Mass. 
 Diocese. A certain district within wliicli a bishop exercises 
 
 jurisdiction. 
 Dispensation, An exemption from some part of the com- 
 mon law of the Chnrch, as in matters of abstinence, 
 
 fast, marriage, etc. 
 Epiphany. A feast kejDt on the Gth of January, to celebrate 
 
 the manifestation of Our Lord to the Wise Men of 
 
 the East. 
 Excommunication. A censure of the Church by which a 
 
 person is totally separated from her communion. 
 Eriar. A member of one of the Mendicant Orders. 
 Genuflection. The bending of the knee in adoration before 
 
 the Blessed Sacrament, or as a mark of deep reverence 
 
 before the crucifix exposed on Good Friday. 
 Holy Father. A title of respect given to the Pope. 
 Holy Week. The week immediately before Easter Sunday. 
 Hospital. A charitable institution for tlie care of the 
 
 sick. 
 Iconoclast. An image-breaker ; one of a sect of heretics 
 
 who denied that respect was due to sacred images. 
 Incense. A mixture of aromatic gums, in the form of powder 
 
 or small grains, used to burn in a censer during parts 
 
 of divine service. 
 Index. A book published at Eome, containing the titles of 
 
 works condemned by the Holy See. 
 Interdict. An ecclesiastical censure forbidding the public 
 
 performance of divine service and other offices of reli- 
 gion. 
 Intone. To read some part of the divine service with a 
 
 musical accentuation or modulation of the voice. 
 
222 Grammar School Speller and Defixer, 
 
 —^ — 
 
 Investiture. The act of conferring the temporalities of a 
 
 bishopric or abbacy in the feudal ages. 
 Latin Cross. A plain cross, whose transverse beam is one- 
 third the length of the vertical one. 
 Lauds. The second part of the daily Office of the Breviary., 
 Legate. A Papal envoy of the highest rank. 
 Magnificat. The canticle of the B. V. M. (Luke i. 4G-55), 
 
 which begins with this word in the Latin. 
 Maniple. That one of the sacred vestments which is worn 
 
 on the arm by the officiating priest. 
 Martyrology. A book compiled by the anthority of the 
 
 Holy See, containing the names and order of feast- 
 days of the martyrs and other saints. 
 Metropolitan. An archbishop with regard to tlie bishops 
 
 of a province. 
 Miserere. The 50th Psalm, which begins with this word in 
 
 the Latin. 
 Missal. That one of the liturgical books which is used by 
 
 the priest at Mass. 
 Mitre. A covering for the head, resembling a cap pointed 
 
 and cleft at the top, worn on certain occasions by 
 
 bishops and abbots. 
 Monastery. A house in which monks live in community. 
 Monstrance. A rich metal instrument used to expose the 
 
 Blessed Sacrament at Benediction, and when carrying 
 
 it in procession. 
 Mozetta. A small cape, with a diminutive hood attached, 
 
 worn by bishops in their dioceses. 
 Neophyte. A recent convert to Christianity. 
 How Style. The present mode of computing time, which 
 
 was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII. in the year 
 
 1582. 
 Nicene Creed. The great symbol of faith drawn up at the 
 
 Council of Nice in the j^ear 325. 
 Nimbus. A halo or circle of light depicted by artists around 
 
 the head of a saint. 
 Noeturns. The three divisions of the Matins or first part 
 
 of the daily Ofhce of the Breviary. 
 
Grammar School Speller and Definer. 223 
 — -> — 
 Novena. A nino days' devotion in preparation for some 
 
 feast or in honor of some saint. 
 Hovice. One who performs a period of probation in a Eeli- 
 
 gious Order before being admitted to fnll membership. 
 Nun. A member of a female Eeligions Order. 
 Nuncio. A Papal envoy next in rank to a legate. 
 Octave. The eighth day after a solemn feast. 
 CScumenical Council. A general council of the bishops of the 
 
 Catliolic Church convened and approved by the Pope. 
 Offertory. That part -of the Mass Avhich comes immediately 
 
 after the Gospel (or Creed), and begins the Sacrifice in 
 
 its strictest sense. 
 Pallium. A pontifical vestment in the form of a scarf, made 
 
 of wool, marked with several black crosses, worn by 
 
 archbishops, who receive it from the Pope. 
 Paschal Candle. A large wax candle set in a stand and 
 
 solemnly blessed on Holy Saturday, to be kept burning 
 
 during the Easter-tide. 
 Passion Week, The week which immediately precedes Palm 
 
 Sunday. 
 Paten. The consecrated plate which serves to hold the 
 
 Sacred Host at Mass. 
 Pectoral Cross. A small cross, suspended by a cord or 
 
 chainlet around the neck and resting upon the breast, 
 
 worn by bishops and abbots. 
 Pentecost. The fiftieth day after Easter, and a solemn fes- 
 tival in honor of the descent of the Holy Ghost on the 
 
 Apostles. 
 Placet. The formula of assent in voting at ecclesiastical 
 
 councils. 
 Plain Chant. The official chant of the Catholic Church, 
 
 remarkable for the simplicity of its tones. 
 Polyglot Bible. An edition of the Sacred Scriptures in 
 
 several languages. 
 Pontificate. The period during which a Pope occupies the 
 
 See of St. Peter. 
 Postulant. A person undergoing a short period of i)robation 
 
 before beins^ admitted as a novice in a convent. 
 
224 Gjiammar School Speller and Definer. 
 
 — ^ — 
 
 Prelate. The generic designation of bishops iind certain 
 Eoman dignitaries. 
 
 Prime. The first of the Little Hours of the Breyiary. 
 
 Prothonotary Apostolic. A prehite of a certain rank at 
 the Roman court. 
 
 Province. The district within which an archbishop exer- 
 cises the jurisdiction of a metropolitan. 
 
 Psalter. A separate edition of the Book of Psalms. 
 
 Pyx. A little yessel in which the Blessed Sacrament is car- 
 ried to the sick. 
 
 Regular. A priest belonging to a Eeligious Order. 
 
 Reliquary. A case containing holy relics. 
 
 Right Reverend. A title given to bishops^ abbots^ and pre- 
 lates of the Eoman court. 
 
 Rogation Days. The three days immediately before Ascen- 
 sion Day, on wdiich special services are held. 
 
 Rood. An old English name for a crucifix. 
 
 Rubric. That part of a liturgical book printed in red and 
 giving directions for performing divine service or saying 
 the Office. 
 
 Sacrilege. The violation of a holy thing or person. 
 
 Sacristan. A person having charge of the vestments, vessels, 
 books, and other things used in divine service. 
 
 Sanctuary. The upper part of a church which is railed oil 
 for the clergy, and contains the altar. 
 
 Sect. A religious body cut off from the communion of the 
 Catholic Church. 
 
 Secular Priest. One not belonging to a Eeligious Order, but 
 to that body of the clergy which is immediately subject 
 to the bishop of the diocese. 
 
 Seminary. An institution for the education of asi)irants to 
 the priesthood. 
 
 Septuagesima. The period of seventy days j^rccecling Easter, 
 and distinguished by special services. 
 
 Simony. The crime of buying or selling something spiritual 
 and sacred for a temporal price. 
 
 Sounding-board. A frame or canopy over a pulpit, to give 
 distinctness to the speaker's voice. 
 
GHAM3IAR School Speller a.\i) Definer, 225 
 — *h — 
 Stations cf the Cross. A devotion to the Passion of Our 
 
 Lord, performed before fourteen crosses and pictures 
 
 rcpresoutiug the several stages of his sufferings and 
 
 death. 
 Stigmata. Marks resembling the five wounds of Christ 
 
 which have been miraculously made on the persons cf 
 
 some saints. 
 Stole. That one of the sacred vestments which is worn 
 
 suspended around the neck, the two ends falling in 
 
 front. 
 Synod. A meeting of ecclesiastical persons to discuss mat- 
 ters of religion. 
 Te Deum. A Latin hymn of praise used in the Office of tlie 
 
 Catholic Church, and beginning with these words. 
 Tenebrse. The Office of Matins and Lauds on the evenings 
 
 of Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday of Holy Week. 
 Tiara. The triple crown worn by the Pope. 
 Tonsure. The clipping of the hair as a preparatory step to 
 
 ascend to Holy Orders. 
 Vespers. The sixth or evening Office of the Breviary. 
 Vestry. A room attached to a church or chapel in which 
 
 the Tcstments, yessels, books, etc., arc kept, and in 
 
 which the priest dresses for Mass. 
 Viaticum, The Holy Eucharist given with a particular rite 
 
 to a dying person. 
 Vicar- Apostolic. A bishop whose see is merely titular, i.e., 
 
 in which he does not reside, but is appointed by the 
 
 Pope with this title to govern a certain district not 
 
 erected into a diocese. 
 Vicar-General. A priest who is the official assistant or 
 
 representative of a bishop in matters of jurisdictien. 
 Vocation. A special call from God to enter the priesthood 
 
 •or a religious life. 
 Vow. A deliberate and reasonable promise of some act or 
 
 service made to God. 
 Vulgate. The Latin version of the Sacred Scriptures in 
 
 common use in the Church, and solemnly approved by 
 
 the Holy See. 
 
VB 36519 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 3 
 
 ei^ 
 
;M