SANCTA CROCE.
 
 THE NEW QUINSIGAMOND BOAT CLUB HOUSE 
 As seen from the Lake
 
 SANCTA CROCK: 
 
 Treatife 
 
 WITH ILLUSTRATIVE ANTITHESES. 
 
 ' SUBLIME TOBACCO ! " 
 
 Byron. 
 
 1 FILTHY 8TINK ! " 
 
 King James I. 
 
 WORCESTER, MASS.: 
 
 FRANKLIN P. RICE, Publisher. 
 1887.
 
 EDITION LIMITED TO ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY- 
 FIVE COPIES, OF WHICH THIS IS 
 
 No.SA- 
 
 Copyright t 1887, 
 By F. P. Rice. 
 
 PUBLISHER'S PRIVATE PBESS.
 
 TO THE 
 
 MEMBERS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ISoat <lttfi 
 
 THE FOLLOWING PAGES 
 
 ABE 
 
 RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED
 
 " Stinkingeft of the {linking kind, 
 Filth of the mouth and fog of the mind, 
 Africa that brags her foifon 
 Breeds no fuch prodigious poifon, 
 Henbane, Nightfhade, both together, 
 Hemlock, Aconite 
 
 Nay, rather, 
 
 Plant divine of rareft virtue ; 
 Blifters on the tongue would hurt you 
 'Twas but in a fort I blamed thee, 
 None e'er profpered who defamed thee." 
 
 Charles Lamb.
 
 SANCTA CROCK.
 
 SANCTA CROCE: 
 
 &icotian Treatife. 
 
 Tl^HETHER we make ufe 
 of tobacco or not, it mull 
 be admitted that the herb has 
 done fomething to difcourage 
 hypocrify, to promote direct- 
 nefs of fpeech. There is, per- 
 haps, no other fubject upon 
 which fuch decided convic- 
 tions are fo unhefitatingly ex- 
 preffed. There are but two 
 opinions, and there is no halt- 
 ing between them. The friends 
 
 of
 
 io Sanffia Croce: 
 
 of "the weed" declare that it is 
 a panacea for every human ill, 
 its enemies decry it as the fof- 
 terer of every vice. There is 
 no fpeaking by "the card," 
 equivocation is undone. The 
 caufe is efpoufed with fervor 
 or rejected with fcorn. 
 
 Upon other topics there is 
 a tacit underftanding between 
 the fpeaker and the liftener; 
 the implication being better 
 comprehended than the utter- 
 ance. Such a cafe was that of 
 the man who, having an in- 
 valid wife, told his fympathif- 
 ing neighbor that he wifhed 
 "(he would get better, or 
 
 fomething. 
 
 In
 
 A Nicotian Treatife 1 1 
 
 In like manner, when we 
 Epifcopalians proclaim our- 
 felves "miferable fmners," we 
 go a ftep farther in our trifling 
 with confcience, and fay the 
 very oppofite of what we feel : 
 yet no one is deceived, we un- 
 derftand each other perfectly. 
 
 When our digeftion is good, 
 our theology is exceedingly 
 tolerant; we admit that "we 
 have done thofe things which 
 we ought not to have done," 
 and go on lamenting our fhort- 
 comings till the fentences clofe 
 with a wink, and truth hobbles 
 out of the paragraphs. 
 
 When we difcufs tobacco, 
 
 fmcerity
 
 12 Santta Croce: 
 
 fmcerity, at leaft is prefent ; 
 we may become excited, but 
 there is no doubt. The ab- 
 fence of hypocrify might argue 
 the prefence of virtue, were it 
 not for the fulphurous exag- 
 geration which feems infepar- 
 able from the fubject, and 
 which is fuggeftive of different 
 affociations. 
 
 On the one hand we are af- 
 fured that the plant is a gra- 
 cious gift of the gods for the 
 folace of mankind ; l on the 
 other, that the human appetite 
 is corrupted by the infernal 
 herb, ferved up by Satan pi- 
 ping hot from hell. 
 
 "When
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 13 
 
 "When the Chriftians firft 
 difcovered America, the devil 
 was afraid of lofing his hold 
 upon the people there by the 
 appearance of Chriftianity ; he 
 is reported to have told fome 
 Indians of his acquaintance, 
 that he had found a way to be 
 revenged upon the Chriftians 
 for beating up his quarters, for 
 he would teach them to take 
 tobacco, to which, after they 
 had once tailed it, they mould 
 be perpetual flaves." 2 
 
 This ftory is inimitable in its 
 way. How pofitive the affer- 
 tion with which it opens, how 
 genuine the fear which the 
 
 devil
 
 14 Sanfta Croce: 
 
 devil experienced left his power 
 fhould depart from him, how 
 delicate the intimation of his 
 acquaintance with the Indians ! 
 We almoft hear the exultant 
 Ihout with which the evil one 
 announces his determination 
 to make tobacco his ally, the 
 confequent fubjection of its 
 votaries, and the ultimate tri- 
 umph of the Powers of Dark- 
 nefs. We feem to be taken 
 into the confidence of the 
 "Sooty Fiend," fo to fpeak; 
 and clofe upon the heels of 
 this reflection fteals the har- 
 rowing thought that this ftory, 
 if true, accounts completely for 
 
 the
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 75 
 
 the enormous and increafmg 
 confumption of tobacco in 
 thefe United States. 
 
 To federal perfons muft be 
 accorded the honor or difgrace 
 of being the firft to introduce 
 tobacco to the Britifh Iflands. 
 Captain Lane and Mr. Har- 
 riot, Mr. Myddleton and Sir 
 Francis Drake, Captain Green- 
 field and Sir Walter Raleigh ; 
 and, as the ftory goes, when 
 the laft named individual 
 was fmoking there for the 
 firft time, his fervant en- 
 tering the room, perceived 
 with aftonifhment the clouds 
 of fmoke that were iffuing 
 
 from
 
 1 6 SanSta Croce: 
 
 from between his matter's lips, 
 hurriedly fetched a bucket of 
 water, and incontinently darned 
 it over the gallant adventurer, 
 extinguishing his pipe but in- 
 flaming his choler. 
 
 The Virgin Queen, who had 
 always an eye open in the 
 direction of bufmefs profits, 
 encouraged the introduction of 
 the herb, and one day when 
 Raleigh, who had been expa- 
 tiating in his arrogant fafhion 
 upon the bleffmgs which would 
 infallibly follow its ufe, de- 
 clared that he had made the 
 fubject a matter of fo much 
 ftudy that he could tell what 
 
 the
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 77 
 
 the fmoke would weigh in any 
 given quantity of tobacco, 
 Elizabeth, thinking that the 
 ftory fmacked of the traveler, 
 laid a wager with the courtier 
 that he could not make good 
 his boaft; whereupon Raleigh 
 weighed a fmall quantity, put 
 it in his pipe, fmoked it, and 
 then proceeded to weigh the 
 afhes ; the difference between 
 the original weight of the to- 
 bacco and the afhes now re- 
 maining, Sir Walter declared 
 to be the weight of the fmoke. 
 The Virgin paid the wager, 
 faying that me had often heard 
 of men who had turned gold 
 
 into
 
 1 8 Sanda Croce: 
 
 into fmoke, but that this was 
 the firft time (he had known 
 of a man turning fmoke into 
 gold. 3 
 
 James ist, fucceffor of the 
 Virgin Queen, was almoft be- 
 fide himfelf at the extrava- 
 gance of the gentry who were 
 turning their gold into fmoke, 
 and declared that he knew 
 thofe who were fpending " three 
 or four hundred pounds a year 
 upon this precious ftink"! He 
 purfued Witches and Tobacco- 
 nists with equal fury, and 
 affirmed the common origin 
 of both; the "Demonology" 
 proved the exiftence of the one, 
 
 the
 
 A Nicotian Treatise. 79 
 
 the "Counterblaft" the dangers 
 of the other. A generous pub- 
 lic fuftained the monarch when 
 he libelled old women, but was 
 oppofed to him when he af- 
 failed tobacco. 
 
 There was one man how- 
 ever, who dared to confront 
 public opinion and the modern 
 Solomon too; Reginald Scot 4 
 ridiculed witchcraft, affirmed 
 indeed, that there could be no 
 fuch thing; but the authorities 
 became indignant with Regi- 
 nald ; every copy of his book 
 that could be found and 
 they fearched induftrioufly 
 was committed to the flames, 
 
 to
 
 2O Sanfta Croce: 
 
 to fhow their deteftation of 
 fuch a damnable heretic. 
 
 Thus the Britilh public kept 
 their witches and tobacco too ; 
 the fmoker and the anti-fmoker 
 continued to hoot at each other, 
 while the theatre echoed the 
 claims of the rivals. 
 
 "I have been in the Indies," 
 fays Bobadil, 5 "where this herb 
 grows, where neither myfelf, 
 nor a dozen gentlemen more 
 of my knowledge, have re- 
 ceived tafte of any other nutri- 
 ment in the world, for the fpace 
 of one and twenty weeks, but 
 the fume of this fimple only : 
 therefore, it cannot be, but it is 
 
 moft
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 21 
 
 moft divine. Take it in the 
 nature, in the true kind ; fo, it 
 makes an antidote, that had 
 you taken the moft deadly 
 poifonous plant in all Italy, it 
 mould expel it and clarify you 
 with as much eafe as I fpeak. 
 And for your green wound, 
 your balfamum and your St. 
 John's wort are all mere gull- 
 eries and tram to it, efpecially 
 your Trinidado ; your Nicotian 
 is good too. I could fay what 
 I know of the virtue of it, for 
 the expulfion of rheums, raw 
 humors, crudities, obftruclions, 
 with a thoufand of this kind; 
 but I profefs myfelf no quack- 
 
 falver.
 
 22 Sanfta Croce: 
 
 falver. Only thus much ; by 
 Hercules, I do hold it, and 
 will affirm it before any prince 
 in Europe, to be the moft 
 fovereign and precious weed 
 that ever the earth tendered 
 to the ufe of man." 
 
 "Ods me," fays Mr. Cob, 
 " I marie what pleafure or fe- 
 licity they have in taking this 
 roguifh tobacco. It is good 
 for nothing but to choke a 
 man, and fill him full of fmoke 
 and embers ; there were four 
 died out of one houfe laft week 
 with taking of it, and two 
 more the bell went for yefter- 
 night; one of them, they fay, 
 
 will
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 2} 
 
 will never 'f cape it : he voided a 
 bufhel of foot yefterday, upward 
 and downward. By the stocks 
 an there were no wifer man 
 than I, I'd have it prefent 
 whipping, man or woman that 
 mould but deal with a tobacco 
 pipe : why, it will ftifle them all 
 in the end, as many as ufe it ; 
 it is little better than ratfbane 
 or rofaker." 6 
 
 This is ftrong language 
 which "Rare Ben Jonfon" 
 puts into the mouth of honeft 
 M after Cob, yet it fcarcely ex- 
 ceeds the virulence of the royal 
 "Counterblaft," as the perora- 
 tion thereof mall teftify : 
 
 " Have
 
 24 Santta Croce: 
 
 " Have you not reafon then 
 to be amamed and to forbear 
 this filthy novelty, fo bafely 
 grounded, fo foolifhly received, 
 and fo groffly miftaken in the 
 right ufe thereof! In your 
 abufe thereof finning againft 
 God, harming yourfelves both 
 in perfons and goods, and 
 taking alfo thereby (look to it 
 ye that take fnuff in profu- 
 fion!) the marks and notes of 
 vanity upon you ; by the cuf- 
 tom thereof making yourfelves 
 to be wondered at by all foreign 
 civil nations, and by all ftrang- 
 ers that come among you, to 
 be fcorned and contemned, a 
 
 cuftom
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 25 
 
 cuftom loathfome to the eye, 
 hateful to the nofe, harmful 
 to the brain, dangerous to the 
 lungs, and in the black ftink- 
 ing fume thereof, nearefl re- 
 fembling the horrible Stygian 
 fmoke of the pit that is bot- 
 tomlefs ! " 
 
 The royal pedant fretted and 
 fumed in vain ; the ufe of to- 
 bacco increafed at a prodigious 
 rate. James himfelf feems to 
 have wavered in his opinion, 
 for he granted a charter to, and 
 incorporated the firft fociety of 
 tobacco pipe makers. 7 
 
 The practice of fmoking at- 
 tained the dignity of an art, 
 
 with
 
 26 Sanfta Croce: 
 
 with profeffors learned in all 
 its myfteries, who taught the 
 Gilded Youth the "Cuban Eb- 
 olition," the "Euripus," and 
 the "Whiff," and who an- 
 nounced their claims to the 
 patronage of the brainlefs 
 wealthy, in fome fuch falhion 
 as this : " If this city, or the 
 fuburbs of the fame, do afford 
 any young gentleman of firft, 
 fecond, or third head, more or 
 lefs, and whofe friends are but 
 lately deceafed, and whofe 
 lands are but new come into 
 his hands, that, to be exactly 
 qualified as the beft of our 
 ordinary gallants are, is af- 
 
 feded
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 27 
 
 fected to entertain ,the moft 
 gentlemanlike ufe of tobacco; 
 as firfl to give it a mod equi- 
 fite perfume; then to know all 
 the delicate fweet forms for 
 the affumption of it ; as alfo 
 the rare corollary and practice 
 of the Cuban Ebolition, Eu- 
 ripus and Whiff, which he 
 fhall receive or take in here 
 at London, and evaporate at 
 Uxbridge, or farther if it pleafe 
 him. If there be any fuch 
 generous fpirit, that is truly 
 enamored of thofe good facul- 
 ties ; may it pleafe him, but 
 by a note of his hand to fpecify 
 the place or ordinary where he 
 
 ufes
 
 28 Santta Croce: 
 
 ufes to eat and lie; and moft 
 fweet attendance with tobacco 
 and pipes of the beft fort (hall 
 be miniftered. Stet quaefo 
 candide Lector." 8 
 
 What the "Cuban Eboli- 
 tion" was we have no means 
 of knowing ; time has covered 
 that accomplifhment with the 
 mantle of oblivion ; we can 
 guefs, but blindly, for thefe 
 profeffors, fays Carlo Buffone, 
 "practifed a number of myf- 
 teries not yet extant." 
 
 "I brought," he continues, 
 "fome dozen or twenty gallants 
 this morning to view them, as 
 you would do a piece of per- 
 
 fpective
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 29 
 
 fpective in at a key -hole ; and 
 there we might fee Sogliardo fit 
 in a chair, holding his fnout up 
 like a fow under an apple-tree, 
 while the other opened his 
 noftrils with a poking flick to 
 give the fmoke a more free de- 
 livery." 9 
 
 We have the royal word for 
 it that "the weed" is hurtful 
 to the nofe, harmful to the 
 brain, and dangerous to the 
 lungs, and yet a better man 
 than the author of the " Coun- 
 terblaft" confirms the oppofite 
 opinion, as we (hall find upon 
 reading the following excerpt 
 from the feventh letter in the 
 
 third
 
 SanEka Croce: 
 
 third volume of the delightful 
 Epiftolae Ho-Elianae: 
 
 "To ufher in again old 
 Janus, I fend you a parcel of 
 Indian perfume, which the 
 Spaniard calls the Holy herb, 
 in regard to the various virtues 
 it hath, but we call it Tobacco ; 
 I will not fay it grew under 
 the King of Spain's window, 
 but I am told it was gathered 
 near his Gold-Mines of Potofi, 
 (where they report, that in fome 
 places there is more of that 
 ore than earth) therefore it 
 muft needs be precious (luff: 
 If moderately and fenfibly 
 taken, (as I find you always 
 
 do)
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 31 
 
 do) 'tis good for many things ; 
 it helps digeftion taken a while 
 after meat, it makes one void 
 rheum, break wind, and keeps 
 the body open : a leaf or two 
 being fleeped o'er night in a 
 little white wine, is a vomit 
 that never fails in its opera- 
 tion : it is a good companion 
 to one that converfeth with 
 dead men, for if one hath been 
 poring long upon a book, or is 
 toiled with the pen, and ftupi- 
 fied with ftudy, it quickeneth 
 him, and difpels thofe clouds 
 that ufually o'erfet the brain. 
 The fmoke of it is one of the 
 wholefomeft fcents that is, 
 
 again ft
 
 SanSta Croce: 
 
 againfl all contagious airs, for 
 it o'ermafters all other fmells, 
 as King James they fay found 
 true, when being once a hunt- 
 ing, a fhower of rain drove 
 him into a pig fty for fhelter, 
 where he caufed a pipe full to 
 be taken of purpofe : It cannot 
 endure a fpider or a flea, with 
 fuch like vermin, and if your 
 Hawk be troubled with any 
 fuch, being blown into his 
 feathers it frees him : It is 
 good to fortify and preferve 
 the fight, the fmoke being let 
 in around the balls of the eyes 
 once a week, and frees them 
 from all rheums, driving them 
 
 back
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 
 
 back by way of re-percuffion ; 
 Being taken backward 'tis ex- 
 cellent good againft the cholic, 
 and taken into the ftomach 
 'twill heat and cleanfe it ; for I 
 could inflance in a great lord 
 (my lord of Sunderland, Prefi- 
 dent of York) who told me, 
 that he taking it downward 
 into his ftomach, it made him 
 caft up an impofthume bag 
 and all, which had been a long 
 time engendering out of a 
 bruife he had received at foot- 
 ball, and fo preferved his life 
 for many years." 
 
 This is very ref pectable tefti- 
 mony, and there is no lack of 
 
 fuch;
 
 34 SanSta Croce: 
 
 fuch; another witnefs, more 
 truftworthy than James the 
 Firft, and more learned, the 
 famous Dr. Barrow, "whofe 
 piety is without queftion or 
 cavil," made ufe of no phyfic 
 except tobacco, and affirmed 
 that that herb was a pan- 
 pharmacon, or univerfal rem- 
 edy, that it ferved not only 
 to correct the ills of the body 
 but that it cleared his brain 
 and regulated his thoughts. 10 
 
 A univerfal remedy that 
 clears the brain and regulates 
 the thoughts 1 Good heavens ! 
 What would Congrefs do 
 without it? We are however 
 
 fpared
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 
 
 fpared the neceffity of dwelling 
 upon this painful reflection ; 
 the prefence in our legiflative 
 halls, of cufpidors "in unvan- 
 quifhable number," fully tefti- 
 fies to the earneft appreciation 
 which our Senators and Rep- 
 refentatives entertain of To- 
 bacco's miraculous virtues ; 
 while every reader of the 
 " Congreffional Record " is 
 comforted by the knowledge 
 of the additional fafe- guard 
 which Providence has kindly 
 placed about our Glorious 
 Conftitution. 
 
 When we are in a particu- 
 larly comfortable frame of 
 
 mind
 
 Sanfta Croce: 
 
 mind, fome damp and difmal 
 friend is fure to be at hand to 
 "entertain" us with a melan- 
 choly ftory; thus we have juft 
 been informed of a memorable 
 event concerning another learn- 
 ed and pious divine, a member 
 of the Anglican hierarchy, 
 Fletcher, bifhop of London, 
 who fullied the fanctity of his 
 lawn by the ufe of tobacco, 
 whofe fin was followed by a 
 righteous punimment, who 
 died while fmoking his pipe. 11 
 The connection between 
 Death and the pipe is very 
 clofe here, feemingly confirma- 
 tive of darkeft fufpicions ; we 
 
 may
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 
 
 may well doubt the panacea 
 when the Grim Scytheman 
 laughs at it. Fantaftic thoughts 
 clufter about the incident, we 
 fink into a reverie from which 
 we are at length awakened by 
 our delightfully garrulous 
 friend, Samuel Pepys, who 
 rings up the curtain upon the 
 moft awful of Englifh trag- 
 edies, takes a "chaw," and tells 
 us how frightened he was, and 
 what he did on the feventh day 
 of June, 1665 : 
 
 "The hottefl day that ever 
 I felt in my life. This day, 
 much againft my will, I did 
 in Drury Lane fee two or 
 
 three
 
 38 Santta Croce: 
 
 three houfes marked with a red 
 crofs upon the doors, and 
 'Lord Have mercy upon us!' 
 writ there; which was a fad 
 fight to me, being the firft of 
 the kind to my remembrance I 
 ever faw. It put me into an ill 
 conception of myfelf and my 
 fmell, fo that I was forced to 
 buy fome roll -tobacco to fmell 
 to and chaw, which took away 
 the apprehenfion." I2 
 
 The fame honeft witnefs re- 
 lates that on the Eighteenth 
 of Auguft, 1667, "one of the 
 coach horfes fell fick of the 
 flaggers, fo as he was ready to 
 fall down. The coachman was 
 
 fain
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 
 
 fain to 'light, to hold him up, 
 and cut his tongue to make 
 him bleed, and his tail ; then 
 he blew fome tobacco in his 
 nofe, upon which the horfe 
 fneezed, and, by and by, grew 
 well, and drew us all the reft of 
 our way, as well as ever he 
 did." '3 " 
 
 In the prefence of fuch tef- 
 timony, can we wonder that 
 the example of the Gilded 
 Youth was followed by thofe 
 of humbler fort ; that to inftruct 
 his pupils in the art of fmoking 
 was added to the duties of the 
 fchoolmafter? 
 
 "Delightful
 
 40 Sanfta Croce: 
 
 " Delightful tafk ! To rear the tender 
 
 thought, 
 
 To teach the young idea how to " 
 fmoke ! 
 
 " It is the cuftom in England 
 (1672) that when the children 
 go to fchool, they carry in 
 their fatchels with their books, 
 a pipe of tobacco which their 
 mother takes care to fill early 
 in the morning, it ferving them 
 inflead of a breakfaft; and at 
 the accuftomed hour every one 
 lays afide his book, to light his 
 pipe, the matter fmoking with 
 them, to teach them how to 
 hold their pipes and draw in 
 the tobacco." I4 
 
 Thus
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 41 
 
 Thus the perverfe genera- 
 tion builded better than it 
 knew. As a policy fecretly 
 foftered by Anti-tobacconifts, 
 this would have been moft 
 fuccefsful, for had it been per- 
 fifted in, the average fchool-boy 
 would have regarded fmoking 
 in the light of a tafk, and 
 would have viewed the pipe 
 with corref ponding difguft. As 
 it was, this encouragement was 
 not without its effect upon the 
 multitude ; fmoking for a time 
 was under a cloud; within a 
 century afterwards the great 
 and wife Doctor Johnfon faid : 
 "Smoking has gone out. To 
 
 be
 
 42 Sanfta Croce: 
 
 be fure, it is a (hocking thing, 
 blowing fmoke out of our 
 mouths into other people's 
 mouths, eyes, and nofes, and 
 having the fame things done 
 to us. Yet I cannot account, 
 why a thing which requires fo 
 little exertion, and yet pre- 
 ferves the mind from total 
 vacuity, mould have gone out." 
 The perfiftence of ideas is 
 one of the moft remarkable 
 facts connected with the hu- 
 man mind; you may fcotch 
 the fnake but you cannot kill 
 it. It is eafier to tranf plant a 
 foreft than to eradicate impref- 
 fions ; oppofition only ftrength- 
 
 ens
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 43 
 
 ens them, as the wind upon 
 the trees ferves to harden the 
 bole and invigorate the root. 
 The man mould be the matter, 
 the idea his very humble fer- 
 vant ; when thefe relations are 
 reverfed, the human fkull be- 
 comes thicker, lefs eafy of per- 
 meation; thus you cannot 
 reafon with a fanatic. If you 
 attack a dominant idea, you 
 furnifh it with the food by 
 which its power is developed, 
 which enables it to poffefs it- 
 felf of all the nooks and cran- 
 nies of the brain, to fortify 
 itfelf in every pofition, till in 
 the plenitude of power it be- 
 comes
 
 44 Sanfta Croce: 
 
 comes vindictive, tyrannical, 
 every thought is infringed up- 
 on, and the individual is 
 known as a "Crank." 
 
 Oppofition has feldom killed 
 an opinion, while encourage- 
 ment has fmothered many a 
 one in its embrace. Pamper 
 an idea, it will become fickly; 
 let it meet with no refiftance, 
 it acquires no force, and the 
 mufclelefs tenuity quickly tum- 
 bles into chaos. 
 
 Sincerity is well employed 
 when no one is offended by it, 
 but Hypocrify has its virtues 
 too, and faves lots of pain ; it 
 is a potent factor in every 
 
 moral
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 45 
 
 moral movement, and wins 
 thofe whom Honefty frightens. 
 Do we not remember reading 
 how once, in the early Chriftian 
 days, when a heathen king, al- 
 moft a convert and about to be 
 baptized, fuddenly bethought 
 himfelf of his father, mother, 
 and one or two of his little 
 ones, and anxioufly enquired 
 of the miffionary if he would 
 kindly tell him where thofe 
 members of the royal family 
 now were, being dead ; and 
 how the inflexible prieft re- 
 plied that thofe regal perfon- 
 ages were doubtlefs in hell : 
 whereupon, the heathen with- 
 drew
 
 46 SanSta Croce: 
 
 drew his foot from the bap- 
 tiftery, declaring that he would 
 none of heaven if thofe could 
 not fhare it with him. He and 
 his tribe were loft to falva- 
 tion.'s 
 
 Here, all the morals are on 
 the fide of the theologian, yet 
 fomehow we feel like clapping 
 our hands as we read the ftory, 
 and (houting, Bravo for the 
 heathen ! This is an atro- 
 cious inclination of ours, of 
 courfe, but it will ferve to 
 illuftrate the perfiftence of 
 ideas, for is not Affection an 
 inftincl; and Creed an acquire- 
 ment? Was not the firft in 
 
 poffeffion
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 
 
 poffeffion before the fecond 
 was born? and is not poffef- 
 lion nine points of the law ? 
 
 The Scientift was wifer than 
 the Prieft; it is an old (lory 
 but it will bear repeating, how 
 Parmentier introduced the po- 
 tato into France, how he 
 planted and planted, and none 
 could be perfuaded to accept 
 the fruit of his induftry, how 
 he implored the peafantry to 
 take the vegetable without 
 money and without price. In 
 vain ; the ancient idea was 
 dominant, that which could be 
 had for nothing was furely not 
 worth it ; but when he placed
 
 48 Sanfta Croce: 
 
 a guard around his potato 
 fields, when armed fentinels 
 were on the watch to protect 
 the edible, the predatory idea 
 fwelled in the crania of the 
 peafants, who remained up all 
 night to fteal the potatoes, 
 while Parmentier hugged Hy- 
 pocrify to his foul and chuckled 
 at the fuccefs of his ftrategy. 16 
 If our Reformers would re- 
 form their tactics, if the haters 
 of the weed would unite, and 
 form a fociety for the propaga- 
 tion of fmoking, under whofe 
 aufpices "Choice Havannas" 
 mould be diftributed gratis, 
 and "Fine Cut" be freely 
 
 offered
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 49 
 
 offered for the univerfal chaw, 
 Tobacco would perchance re- 
 ceive a deadly blow, the "prec- 
 ious ftink" would be unfmelled 
 within a generation. 
 
 The wife policy of en- 
 couragement has no charms 
 for the zealous reformer; he 
 preffes wildly on to the mark, 
 and would force thofe who 
 cannot keep pace with him. 
 He is in a hurry, and cannot 
 even wait to be polite ; abufe 
 takes precedence of courtefy. 
 He is more nearly akin to the 
 tyrant than he wots of ; the 
 Society for the Prevention of 
 Cruelty would prevent it by 
 whipping men. 
 
 Very
 
 5o Sanfta Croce: 
 
 Very naturally, therefore, 
 heroic meafures were adopted 
 to prevent the ufe of tobacco. 
 
 In Perfia, Shah Abbas in- 
 flicted the punifhment of death 
 on all who fhould be detected 
 in the act of fmoking. 17 
 
 Amurath IV. did the fame 
 thing. 18 
 
 In Ruffia in 1634, fmoking 
 was forbidden under pain of 
 having the nofe cut off. 19 
 
 A Chamber of Juftice was 
 erected in Switzerland whofe 
 fpecial province was to punifh 
 the ufers of the herb. 
 
 Pope Innocent XII. excom- 
 municated tobacconifts. 
 
 Pope
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 57 
 
 Pope Urban VIII. followed 
 his example, and gave author- 
 ity to the priefts to confiscate 
 the gold and filver fnuff boxes, 
 with the contents of which the 
 wealthier members of their 
 congregations titillated their 
 olfactories during divine fer- 
 vice. A rich harveft was 
 reaped by the marp-fighted 
 ecclefiaftics, until the honeft 
 Nicotians carried their fnuff 
 loofe in their pockets and 
 baffled the prying clergy. 20 
 
 Such methods produced the 
 very oppofite effect from that 
 which was intended ; not to 
 fmoke is now the exception 
 
 throughout
 
 52 Sanfta Croce: 
 
 throughout Chriftendom, while 
 among the heathen, in China, 
 for inflance, if a man ceafes to 
 afk for his pipe, they conclude 
 that he is about to die, and at 
 once prepare for his funeral. 21 
 
 Methinks the anti-panphar- 
 macift Trafk muft have envied 
 the Modems, the more zealous 
 of whom abfolutely deny the 
 right of the faithful to fmoke, 
 nay, claim divine authority for 
 the prohibition, and declare 
 that the herb was mentioned 
 by the name which it now 
 bears, that the defcendants of 
 Adnan were forbidden to touch 
 the pernicious plant, whofe 
 
 evil
 
 A Nicotian TreatiJ'e. 53 
 
 evil coming was foretold by 
 Mahomet himfelf a thou- 
 fand years before tobacco 
 was known to the Ancient 
 World. 22 The Modems pride 
 themfelves upon this fact, and 
 it muft be admitted that it is 
 of a nature to dagger one ; a 
 prophet who can prophefy in 
 that way is invaluable to 
 any religion. Yet Chriftianity 
 fuffers not from any compar- 
 ifon ; its progreffive character, 
 the bafis of modern civiliza- 
 tion, cannot be difputed ; and 
 if in the year 1621 a fervent 
 believer in the Koran had 
 vifited Switzerland, he might 
 
 have
 
 Sanfta Croce: 
 
 have been taken to a church 
 in the city of Berne, and 
 there upon the Tables of 
 the Law, immediately below 
 the Sixth Commandment, he 
 might have read thefe words 
 of Mofes : " Thou Jkalt not 
 nfe Tobacco I" 2 * 
 
 How they managed to re- 
 tain the word "Decalogue" 
 with eleven commandments, 
 we do not know; perhaps, 
 very properly, they omitted 
 one of the leafl important, 
 "Thou malt not bear falfe 
 witnefs againft thy neighbor." 
 
 More in forrow than in 
 anger, the devout tobacconift 
 
 fpeaks
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 55 
 
 fpeaks of all this, and fails not 
 to point out how perfiftently 
 Envy has endeavored to de- 
 prive Merit of its honors, and 
 how fignally, fometimes, it is 
 defeated ; as in the cafe of 
 Nicot, whofe claims to his 
 country's gratitude, in that 
 he made tobacco known to 
 France, and thus provided that 
 country with a fource of rev- 
 enue which has yielded more 
 than thirty millions per an- 
 num, were difputed by the 
 cordelier Thevet ; how Science 
 defended the ambaffador and 
 confounded the theologian ; 
 and preferred Nicot in its 
 nomenclature
 
 56 Sanfta Croce: 
 
 nomenclature like a fly in 
 amber. 24 
 
 Then the panpharmacift will 
 tri-umphantly proceed to direct 
 your attention to the ftrange 
 coincidence, which to the cred- 
 ulous may feem fomething 
 more, that to a member of that 
 family whofe glory it is to 
 have brought the wood of the 
 true crofs into Italy, was re- 
 ferved the honor of intro- 
 ducing tobacco there ; he was 
 a man whofe claims cannot be 
 lightly called in queftion, for 
 he was a cardinal prince 
 of the Catholic church, and 
 Prosper SANCTA CROCK was 
 
 his
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 57 
 
 his name. Mandofio cites 
 feveral verfes of Caftor Du- 
 ranti, which teftify to his 
 merit and the miraculous prop- 
 erties of the divine plant, rep- 
 refenting, fays Bayle with an 
 ill-difguifed fneer, "this herb 
 forfooth as a panacea or uni- 
 verfal medicine": 2 $ 
 
 " Nomine quae San<5lae Crucis herba 
 
 vocatur, ocellis 
 Subvenit et fanat plagas, et vulnera 
 
 jungit, 
 Difcutit et flrumas, cancrum, can- 
 
 crofaque fanat 
 Ulcera, et ambuftis prodefl, fcabi- 
 
 emque repellit ; 
 Difcutit et morbum cui ceflit ab 
 
 impete nomen, 
 Calefacit et ficcat, ftringit, mund- 
 
 atque refolvit 
 
 Et
 
 Sanfta Croce: 
 
 Et dentum et ventris mulcet capitif- 
 
 que dolores ; 
 Subvenit antiquae tufli, ftomacoque 
 
 rigenti 
 Renibus et fpleni confert, ultroque, 
 
 venena 
 Dira fagittarum domat, ictibus 
 
 omnibus atris 
 Hsec eadem prodeft : gingivis pro- 
 
 ficit atque 
 Conciliat fomnum : nuda oflaque 
 
 carne reveftit : 
 Thoracis vitiis prodeft, pulmonis 
 
 itemque, 
 Quae duo fie prseftat non ulla po- 
 
 tentior herba. 
 Hanc San<5lacrucius Profper, quum 
 
 Nuncius effet 
 Sedis Apoftolicae Lufitanas miffus 
 
 in oras 
 Hue adportavit Romanae ad com- 
 
 moda gentis, 
 Ut proavi San<5be lignum Crucis 
 
 ante tulere, 
 
 Omnis
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 59 
 
 Omnis Chriftiadum quo nunc ref- 
 
 publica gaudet, 
 Et Sandlse Crucis illuftris Domus 
 
 ipfa vocatur 
 Corporis atque animse noflrae ftu- 
 
 diofa falutis." 
 
 I. e. "The plant called Sancta 
 Croce is ufeful to the eyes, 
 heals wounds, cures the King's 
 evil, cancers, cancrous ulcers, 
 burns, and the itch and fcabs. 
 It warms, dries, binds, cleanfes, 
 and cures the toothache, and 
 the pains of the belly and head. 
 It removes an old cough, and 
 is beneficial to the ftomach, 
 kidneys, and fpleen ; and heals 
 wounds made by poifoned ar- 
 rows, and all kinds of bruifes. 
 
 It
 
 60 Sanfta Croce: 
 
 It is of great ufe to the gums, 
 and procures deep, and covers 
 bare bones with flefh. It is 
 better for difeafes of the tho- 
 rax and lungs, than any other 
 herb. Profper Sancta Croce, 
 when he was Nuncio from the 
 Apoftolic See in Portugal, 
 brought this herb back for the 
 benefit of the Roman people, 
 as his anceftprs formerly 
 brought the wood of the Holy 
 Crofs, which is a great com- 
 fort to all Chriftendom now; 
 and his illuftrious family is 
 called by the name of the Holy 
 Crofs, being ftudious for the 
 advantage of our bodies and 
 
 fouls." 
 
 A
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 61 
 
 A univerfal remedy indeed ! 
 The citizens of ancient Rome 
 decreed folemn honors to a 
 goofe, becaufe by its vigorous 
 cackling it awoke the heedlefs 
 fentinels and faved the Capitol, 
 and yet we, though married by 
 Juno's bird, have paid no dif- 
 tinctive homage to the dolers 
 out of Panpharmacon, revile 
 them rather, who are eternally 
 vigilant, ftriving not only 
 to provide the means for 
 curing every phyfical ill, but 
 to clear our brains, to regulate 
 our thoughts, and thus enfure 
 the fafety of the Republic. 
 
 The truth is that we have 
 
 fallen
 
 62 SanEta Croce: 
 
 fallen upon evil times, we live 
 in a degenerate age ; the pious 
 gratitude of the ancient Ro- 
 man is fneered at by the aver- 
 age American, is remembered 
 by our Novenals only, upon 
 whofe hearths the emblem of 
 the facred bird is (till fitfully 
 reverenced. 
 
 In common fairnefs, how- 
 ever, it muft be admitted that 
 the medical faculty is declar- 
 ing againft the ufe of tobacco, 
 with alarming ftatiftics and 
 doleful prognoftications ; but 
 when you prefent thefe to the 
 notice of the veteran fmoker, 
 with taper finger he diilodges 
 
 the
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 6) 
 
 the afhes of his cigar, looks 
 upon it lovingly, and fings 
 with the poet : 
 
 "Yes, focial friend, I love thee well, 
 In learned doctors' fpite ; 
 Thy clouds all other clouds difpel, 
 And lap me in delight." 
 
 To fmoke, or not to fmoke ? 
 The anfwer depends, mainly, 
 upon our mood. When we 
 are fuffering from the "Blues," 
 the words of Lord Lytton may 
 recur to us (quoted from mem- 
 ory) : " He who doth not fmoke 
 hath either never known great 
 grief, or denies himfelf the 
 fweeteft confolation under 
 heaven," we may clutch the 
 
 pipe
 
 64 Sanfta Croce: 
 
 pipe eagerly, cry "Eureka!" 
 and endeavor to diffipate our 
 forrows in a cloud. 
 
 "A little learning is" not "a 
 dangerous thing." 
 
 'Tis he who drinks deep of 
 the Pierian Spring who wifhes 
 he had but tailed thereof. The 
 promptnefs of our decifion is 
 often the meafure of our ig- 
 norance. Perhaps no man 
 would be able to decide a 
 queftion if he were honeft, 
 and knew all that could be 
 faid about it; neverthelefs, 
 when we turn the pages of 
 "The Anatomy of Melancholy" 
 to find confirmation by De- 
 
 mocritus
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 65 
 
 mocritus Junior, of the novel- 
 id's affertion, 'tis with a fhock 
 that we read as follows : 
 
 "A good vomit, I confefs, 
 a virtuous herb, if it be well 
 qualified, opportunely taken, 
 and medicinally ufed ; but as 
 it is commonly abufed by moft 
 men, which take it as tinkers 
 do ale, 'tis a plague, a mifchief, 
 a violent purger of goods, 
 lands, health, hellim, devilifh 
 and damned tobacco, the ruin 
 and overthrow of body and 
 foul." 26 
 
 In a recent medical publi- 
 cation, Dr. Beard, an eminent 
 authority, on "American Ner- 
 
 voufnefs,"
 
 66 Sanfta Croce: 
 
 voufnefs," Mates that there is 
 no need of giving advice to an 
 American about fmoking, for 
 the evil effects of it upon the 
 fyftem will be fpeedily ap- 
 parent to the fmoker himfelf. 27 
 Other medical authorities 
 have affured us of the injury 
 which the "divine plant" is 
 working, the wafte of tiffue, 
 the impairment of digeftion, 
 engendering debility, weaken- 
 ing the body and rendering it 
 incapable of withftanding fa- 
 tigue; and yet, within a few 
 days, we have read in the 
 newfpapers, 28 that the diftin- 
 guifhed profeffors of Jena, 
 
 who
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 67 
 
 who have for fome time been 
 engaged in the ftudy of this 
 great queftion, as a refult of 
 their inveftigations, emphati- 
 cally recommend the ufe of 
 tobacco ; they fay, " that in the 
 German army, foldiers on ac- 
 tive fervice are very properly 
 furnifhed with fmoking to- 
 bacco, becaufe fmoking enables 
 them to endure feverer fatigue 
 upon fmaller nutrition and 
 with greater alacrity and con- 
 fidence than would otherwife 
 be the cafe." 
 
 IVho Jhall decide, when 
 Doctors dif agree ? 
 
 We are embarraffed by too 
 much evidence, we are forced 
 
 into
 
 68 Sanfta Croce: 
 
 into hefitancy, are cruelly 
 obliged to remain uncomfort- 
 able; we are as much per- 
 plexed as was the famous 
 viking Rollo, who, though a 
 convert, was affailed by doubts 
 upon his death -bed, and en- 
 deavored to make a worthy 
 exit, to arrange everything 
 fatisfactorily for his future, by 
 giving one hundred pounds of 
 gold to the Chriftian priefts 
 to pray for his foul, and by 
 killing one hundred Chriftians 
 to appeafe the gods of heathen- 
 dom. 29 
 
 We do not know whether 
 to thank heaven for the boon 
 
 or
 
 A Nicotian Treatife. 69 
 
 or blame hell for the bane. 
 Perhaps, after all, the wifeft 
 courfe will be to give up 
 fmoking ourfelves, and en- 
 courage its practice by our 
 friends, to follow the example 
 of our beloved Elia, and re- 
 nounce the herb lovingly : 
 
 " For I muft (nor let it grieve thee 
 Friendlieft of plants, that I muft) 
 Leave thee. 
 
 For thy fake, TOBACCO, I 
 Would do anything but die, 
 And but feek to extend my days 
 Long enough to fmg thy praife."
 
 NOTES 
 
 AND 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS.
 
 NOTES 
 
 AND 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 NOTE i. page 12. 
 
 "There is another confequence of this 
 abortive colony (the firft attempt at fettle- 
 ment by the Englifh), important enough to 
 entitle it to a place in hiftory. Lane and 
 his affociates, by their conftant intercourfe 
 with the Indians, had acquired a relifh for 
 their favorite enjoyment of fmoking tobacco ; 
 to the ufe of which, the credulity of that 
 people not only afcribed a thoufand imag- 
 inary virtues, but their fuperflition confid- 
 ered the plant itfelf as a gracious gift of 
 the gods, for the folace of human kind, and 
 the moft acceptable offering which man can 
 
 prefent
 
 J4 SanSta Croce: 
 
 prefent to heaven. They brought with them 
 a fpecimen of this new commodity to Eng- 
 land, and taught their countrymen the 
 method of ufmg it, which Raleigh and fome 
 young men of fafhion fondly adopted. From 
 imitation of them, from love of novelty, and 
 from the favorable opinion of its falutary 
 qualities entertained by feveral phyficians, 
 the practice fpread among the Englifh." 
 Robertfon, Hift. America, Harper s\ 1831, 
 page 399. 
 
 NOTE 2, page 13. 
 
 Brand's Popular Antiquities. London, 
 1810. Page 314. 
 
 NOTE 3, page 18. 
 
 General Dictionary, Hiftorical and Crit- 
 ical. London, 1739. Vol. vin., page 680, 
 note L. 
 
 NOTE 4, page 19. 
 
 " Mais ce qui lui donna le plus de cele'b- 
 rite", ce fut La forcellerie et la magie devoilees, 
 
 qu'il
 
 Notes and Illustrations. 75 
 
 qu'il publia en 1584, in 4, (en anglais). 
 D'un efprit fort au-deffus de fon temps, 
 Scott devoila fans management dans cet 
 ouvrage, les pratiques des enchanteurs, des 
 magiciens, et toutes les reveries de 1'alchimie 
 et de Paftrologie. Cette publication eiait 
 alors une preuve de beaucoup de courage ; 
 et 1'auteur fut vivement combattu par Ray- 
 nolds, Meric Cafaubon, et par le roi Jacques 
 I er . lui-meme, qui, dans la pr^facede fa D'e- 
 monologie, annonce que fon projet eft de 
 ref uter les opinions de Wierus et de Scott, 
 qui n' a pas eu hontc, dit-il, de nier publiquement 
 Fexiftence de la magie, et de renouveler les 
 erreurs des Saduceens, en conteftant Vextftence 
 des efprits" Biographic Univerfelle, Tom. 
 XLL, 365. 
 
 " Scot (Reginald), an Englifh Gentleman, 
 author of a book, all the copies of which, 
 that could be found, were burnt. He en- 
 deavored to fhew that all the relations con- 
 cerning magicians and witches are chimeri- 
 cal." Bayle's Dift., art. Scot (Reginald}. 
 
 NOTES
 
 j6 Sanfta Croce: 
 
 NOTES 5 and 6, pages 20 and 23. 
 "Every Man in his Humor," Act in., Sc. 2. 
 
 NOTE 7, page 25. 
 Stow's London, n., 334. 
 
 NOTE 8, page 28. 
 
 "Every Man out of his Humor," Aft in., 
 Sc. i. 
 
 NOTE 9, page 29. 
 "Every Man out of his Humor," Act iv., 
 
 Sc. 4. 
 
 NOTE 10, page 34. 
 Gen. Diet. London, 1745, n., 707. 
 
 NOTE n, page 36. 
 Neal's Hift. Puritans, 1843, r -> 2o8 - 
 
 NOTE
 
 Notes and Illustrations. 77 
 
 NOTE 12, page 38. 
 Pepy's Diary, n., 242. 
 
 NOTE 13, page 39. 
 Pepy's Diary, in., 222. 
 
 NOTE 14, page 40. 
 
 Jorevin de Rochefort's Travels, 1672. 
 Fofbrooke's Antiquities, n., 751. 
 
 NOTE 15, page 46. 
 
 ,<Der alte halsftarrige Ratbod fah fich 
 endlich genothigt, das Chriftenthum an- 
 zunehmen, nachdem er unlangfl erfl den h. 
 Wigbert, der es gewagt hatte, auf Helgo- 
 land heilige Kinder zu fchlachten, hatte 
 umbringen laffen. Jetzt fchickte ihm Karl 
 Martell den h. Wolfram, der ihn dahin 
 brachte, zur Taufe in ein grofzes Becken 
 voll Waffer zu fteigen. Als er aber mit 
 einem Fufz darin war, frug er den Heiligen, 
 ob feine Vorfahren im Himmel waren, und 
 
 da
 
 Sanfta Croce: 
 
 da er zur Antwort erhielt, nein, in der 
 Holle, weil fie Heiden gewefen, zog er den 
 Fufz zurtick und erklarte, er wolle lieber 
 bei feinen Vorfahren bleiben." Menzel, 
 Gefch. der Deutfchen, /., 203, 204. 
 
 NOTE 1 6, page 48. 
 
 tt Sehr intereflant ift die Gefchichte der 
 Verbreitung der Kartoffel in Frankreich. 
 Man verdankt diefelbe dem unermlidlichen 
 Eifer des beriihmten Chemikers Parmentier. 
 Die grofzen Landbefitzer waren der an fie 
 ergangenen Aufforderung Ludwigs XVI., 
 gefolgt und hatten dem Anbau der Kar- 
 toffel wirklich einige Winkel ihrer Lande- 
 reien eingeraumt ; allein die Bauern bauten 
 fie mit offnem Widerftreben ; fie weigerten 
 fich, davon zu effen, und iiberliefzen fie dem 
 Vieh ; ja manche erachteten fie nicht fiir 
 wiirdig, zum Futter des letzteren zu dienen. 
 Da war Parmentier der Erfte, der Brod 
 machte aus Kartoffeln. Er hatte fich zur 
 Lebensaufgabe geftellt, den Gebrauch diefer 
 unfchatzbaren Knolle in Frankreich allge- 
 
 mein
 
 Notes and Illustrations, 
 
 rnein zu machen, indem er einfah, dafz, wenn 
 die Kartoffel das Getreide erfetzen konne, 
 jede Hungersnoth in Zukunft unmoglich 
 feyn werde. Diefer hochherzige Mann 
 opferte dem edlen Werke der Gemein- 
 nlitzigkeit fein Vermogen, fein Talent, fein 
 ganzes Leben. Es war ihm nicht genug, 
 den Anbau der Kartoffel durch Schriften, 
 Gefprache, Belohnungen, kurz durch alle 
 wirkfamen Mittel, die ihm feine hohe Stel- 
 lung gewahrte, zu ermuthigen ; nein, er 
 kaufte oder pachtete noch grofze Strecken 
 unbebauten Landes mehre Meilen im Um- 
 fange rings um Paris und liefz hier Kartof- 
 feln bauen. Im erften Jahre bot er fie den 
 Bauern der Umgegend zu niedrigen Preifen 
 zum Kauf an, aber nur wenige kauften ; im 
 zweiten Jahre theilte er fie umfonft aus, 
 Niemand wollte fie. Da wurde endlich fein 
 Eifer Genie ; er ftellte die Gratisvertheil- 
 ungen ein und liefz mit Trompetenklang in 
 alien Dorfern ein nachdrtickliches Verbot 
 ergehen, das mit der Strenge das Gefetzes 
 einen Jeden bedrohte, der fich unterftande, 
 die Kartoffeln, von denen feine Felder tiber- 
 
 fullt
 
 8o Sanfta Croce: 
 
 fullt waren, nur anzuruhren. Die Feld- 
 wachen hatten Befehl, den Tag liber forgfal- 
 tig Wache zu halten, Nachts dagegen zu 
 Haufe zu bleiben. Seit jenem Augenblick 
 war jedes Kartoffelfeld fur die Bauern ein 
 Hefperidengarten, deffen Drache eingefchla- 
 fen war. Die nachtlichen Streifziige organ- 
 ifirten fich formlich, und der gute Parmentier 
 erhielt Berichte auf Berichte liber die Pliin- 
 derung feiner Felder, die ihn vor Freude 
 weinen machten. Er hatte fortan nicht mehr 
 nothig, den Eifer der Bauern anzuftacheln : 
 die Kartoffel hatte die Stifzigkeit der ver- 
 botenen Frucht erlangt, und ihr Anbau 
 verbreitete fich nun rafch tiber alle Gauen 
 Frankreichs." Meyer's Volkfbibliothek, IV. 
 ^Die Elemente der Botanik" 87, 88. 
 
 NOTE 17, page 50. 
 
 " Shah Abbas the Great, made a law to 
 punifh this indulgence with death ; but 
 many chofe to forfake their habitations and 
 hide themfelves in the mountains, rather 
 
 than
 
 Notes and Illustrations. 81 
 
 than to be deprived of this infatuating en- 
 joyment. Thus the prince could not put a 
 flop to a cuftom which he confidered not 
 only as unnatural and irreligious, but alfo 
 as attended with idlenefs and unneceflary 
 expenfe." Southey, C. P. Book, Sec. Series, 
 page 494. [Copied by him from Hanway.] 
 
 NOTE 1 8, page 50. 
 
 "Amurath iv. publifhed an edicT; which 
 made fmoking a capital offence, a meafure 
 which was founded on an opinion that it 
 rendered the people infertile. " - Fonblanque* s 
 Med. Juris., I., 209. Buckle's Mifc. and 
 Pojl. Works, III., 1 80. 
 
 NOTE 19, page 50. 
 
 Ibid, 1 80, giving Pinkertorfs Rujffla, pp. 
 79, 80, 341, as his authority, fays: "In 
 1634 it was forbidden in Ruffia 'under pain 
 of the knout, flitting the noftrils, cutting off 
 
 the
 
 82 Sanfta Croce: 
 
 the nofe, and exile' ; and the monks of 
 Mount Athos discovered that 'it fprung 
 originally from the excrements of Satan.' " 
 
 NOTE 20, page 51. 
 
 u Papft Urban vin. fchleuderte 1624 
 durch eine befondere Bulle feine Blitze 
 gegen den Tabak, und in fammtlichen 
 Kirchen der Chriftenheit wurden die Kirch- 
 endiener ermachtigt, alle Tabetieren, die 
 fie in den Handen der Gertreuen erwifchten, 
 wegzunehmen (eine fehr eintragliche Kon- 
 fifcation, da die Dofen grofztentheils von 
 Gold oder von Silber waren)." Die Elements 
 derBotanik. Meyer's Volkfbibliothek.IV.^. 
 
 NOTE 21, page 52. 
 
 " From the cradle to the grave the Chi- 
 nefe empire fmokes, and when a fick man 
 in China has grown fo weak that he no 
 longer afks for his pipe, they give up hope, 
 and expedl him to die." "American Ner- 
 voufnefs" by Geo. M. Beard, A. M., M. D. P. 33. 
 
 NOTE
 
 Notes and Illustrations. 8} 
 
 NOTE 22, page 53. 
 
 " At prefent the ufe of coffee is generally 
 tolerated, if not granted, as is that of tobacco, 
 though the more religious make a fcruple 
 of taking the latter, not only becaufe it in- 
 ebriates, but alfo out of refpecl; to a tradi- 
 tional faying of their prophet (which if it 
 could be made out to be his, would prove 
 him a prophet indeed), That in the latter 
 days there JJiould be men who Jhould bear the 
 name of Moflems, but Jhould not be really 
 fuch ; and that they Jhould fmoke a certain 
 weed, which Jhould be called TOBACCO ; how- 
 ever the eaftern nations are generally fo 
 addicted to both, that they fay, a dijh of 
 coffee and a pipe of tobacco are a complete en- 
 tertainment ; and the Perfians have a proverb 
 that coffee without tobacco is meat without 
 fait." Koran : Sale's Preliminary Difcourfe, 
 page 88. 
 
 NOTE 23, page 54. 
 
 u ln Bern fetzte man 1661 unter das 
 fechfte Gebot : du follft nicht ehebrechen ! 
 
 das
 
 84 Sanfta Croce: 
 
 das Verbot des Tabakrauchens." Die Ele- 
 ments der Botanik, 89. 
 
 NOTE 24, page 56. 
 
 "Le cordelier The vet a difpute" a Nicot la 
 gloire d'en avoir enrichi la France; mais 
 fa pretention n'a pas e'te' accueillie, et le 
 nom de Nicotiane, impofe" d'abord au tabac, 
 lui eft refte", du moins dans la langue fcien- 
 tifique." Biographic Univerfelle, XXXI., 
 263, 264. 
 
 NOTE 25, page 57. 
 
 Bayle. Di<5l., Hift. and Grit., art. Santa 
 Croce (Profper). 
 
 NOTE 26, page 65. 
 Burton. Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 441. 
 
 NOTE 27, page 66. 
 American Nervoufnefs, page 33. 
 
 NOTE
 
 Notes and Illustrations. 85 
 
 NOTE 28, page 66. 
 Worcefler Daily Spy, June 30, 1884. 
 
 NOTE 29, page 68. 
 
 {< Er wurde Chrift, doch iiberfielen ihn 
 Gewiffensfkrupel auf dem Sterbebett und er 
 liefz 100 Chriflen den alten Gotzen fchlach- 
 ten und zugleich 100 Pfund Gold den 
 chriftlichen Kirchen zuflellen." Menzel, 
 Gefch. d. Deutfch., /., 268, note 3.
 
 A /"\ **\ ili