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 ALIBRARY 
 
 O^IVERSfTY OF 
 CALIFORNIA 
 
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REMAINS OF ARABIC 
 
 IN THE 
 
 SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE 
 
 LANGUAGES. 
 
 WITH A 
 
 SKETCH BY WAY OF INTRODUCTION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 HISTORY OF SPAIN, 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 IJJ^VASION TO THE EXPULSION OF THE MOOUS» 
 
 ALSO 
 
 EXTRACTS FROM THE ORIGINAL LETTERS IN ARABIC 
 
 TO AND FROM DON MANOUEEL AND HIS 
 
 GOVERNORS IN INDIA AND AFRICA. 
 
 APPENDIX, 
 
 CONTAINING A 
 
 Specimen of the intkoduction to the 
 
 HITOPADESA translated INTO THREE LANGUAGES, 
 
 THE PRINCIPAL METRE OF WHICH IS THAT OF 
 
 THE SANSCRIT. 
 
 Y cfte nombre Albogues esMorifco, como lo I'on fodns arjueilos, que 
 en noftra lengua Caitellana comiengan eii al. D. Uviixotc, Part. iv. 
 Lib. viii. Cap. Ixvii. 
 
 By STEPHEN IVESTON, B. D, F. R. S, S, A. 
 
 .PRINTED BY S. ROUSSEAU, WOOD STREET, SPA FIELDS; 
 
 AND SOM) BY 
 
 f'AYNE, PAtL MALI. ; AND CLARK, NEW BOND STREET, 
 
 1810. 
 
LOAN STACK 
 

 ABYEETISEMENT- 
 
 The introdudion to this Imall work is 
 intended to give a flight outline of the hiftory 
 of the Moors, from their invafion of Spain in 
 the beginning of the eighth century, to their 
 expuliion from it in the end of the fifteenth. 
 
 The paifage in the title from Cervantes 
 arofe from a queftion of Sancho, concerning 
 the word Albogues, whicli he had never be- 
 fore heard, or feen in all his life. Upon 
 which Don Quixote tells him that it is 
 an Arabic word, as all the words are in Spanifli 
 which begin with Al, and that there are only 
 three Arabic words in Spanifli which end in 
 I, and that they are, Bor9egui, Zaqui^ami. 
 and Maravedi, fince Aheli, and Alfaqui ar^^ 
 known to be Arabic by their prefix. We 
 learn from Athenseus, p. 66. F. that there is 
 but one Greek word ending in I, and that is 
 fieXh honey, fince tcstts^I, xofxfxh Koi(pi, pep- 
 
 B per, 
 
 273 
 
( ii ) 
 
 perrgum, and koiphy, a confedlion ufed for 
 an antidote, are foreigners. Albogue for the 
 moil part means a pipe, or flute, made of 
 reeds joined together ; hard to blow, and of 
 a grating found, when ill-played ; like the 
 Ihepherd's in Virgil, Eclog. iii. 27. 
 
 ** non tu in triviis indodle folebas 
 
 Stridenti miferum ftipula difperdere carmen;" 
 
 which Milton has admirably exprefled in a 
 word of his own, 
 
 ** When they lift, their lean and flafhy fongs, 
 Grate on their fcrannel pipes of wretched llraw,** 
 
 In Don Quixote however, Albogues is ex- 
 plained to be brafs plates like flat candlefticks, 
 which, beat together, make a ruftic mufic, 
 fuch as provoked Hotfpur to fay, 
 
 ** I iiad rather hcara brazen can*ftick turn*d. 
 Or a dry wheel grate on the axle-tree,** 
 
 Henry IV. Part i. Acftiii. Scene i. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
INTmOBUCTION. 
 
 The Goths, who had driven the Romans 
 out of Spain, were, in their turn, put to flight 
 by the Saracens, whom Count Julien had 
 called in to revenge himfelf on Roderic, the 
 diflionourer of his daughter. The Chriftians of 
 Spain having fubmitted to the Moors, were 
 called Muzarabes, that is, Mefcehee-Arabes, or 
 Arabs of Meffiah, becaufe they retained their 
 own religious worfliip. Roderic was the lafl; 
 Gothic king in Spain, in 714, and Pelage, his 
 near relation, hid himfelf in the rocks of Aftu- 
 ria, and after three years concealment fallied 
 forth from his fanduary, Notre Dame deCova- 
 gonda, a grot amidft inacceflible rocks ; when 
 full of hope and ardent ieal, and followed by 
 numerous parti fans, he drove back the ufurpers, 
 who, unable to cut him off, entered into ne- 
 gociation, and fuffered him to enjoy a certain 
 diftrid, provided he paid them a fraall tribute 
 
 B 2 in 
 
( iv ) 
 
 in acknowledgement of their fuperiority as 
 chief Lords paramount of the Seigniory. In 
 procefs of time he was again infulted by the 
 Moors, whom he marched againft, and de- 
 feated in the year 716, and recovered whole 
 provinces, and was proclaimed King of Leon 
 and the Alturias, and reigned till 737, twenty 
 years, with an exemplary reputation for true 
 piety and determined courage ; without liber- 
 'tAn? tinum, and without luxury. This part of his 
 chara6ter may poffibly have been the reafon, 
 why Voltaire has refufed to call him a kins;. 
 It is, however, to him that the Chriltian 
 kings of Spain, owe the prefervation of tlie 
 title offovcreign; who, in after-times, once 
 more expelled the Moors under Philip the 
 Third. The llrength of the Chriftians wa«r 
 mightily augmented by the inteftine diviiions 
 of the Moors. In 745, Don Alonzo, the 
 Catholic fon-in-law to Pelagio, palFed the 
 mountains, and came upon the northern part 
 of Galicia, and in a lingle campaign, unop- 
 pofed by any great or commanding force, 
 conquered nearly the whole of .that province. 
 
 Next 
 
( V ) 
 
 Next year he attacked Leon and Caftille, and 
 reduced Aftorga, Leon, and Saldagna, befot« 
 the Moors could bring an equal force to cope 
 with him, and poffefled himfelf of Montes de 
 Oca, Amaya, and Alava, at the foot of the 
 mountains. The year after he pulhed on to- 
 wards Portugal, and ravaged the country as 
 far as Caftille ; but not being able to protefl: 
 his conquefts in the fiats, which he had fub- 
 dued, he burnt and laid wafte the plains, led 
 the Chriftians back to the mountains, and car- 
 ried off the Moors for flaves. Thus endom- 
 pafled by a defert of his own making he re- 
 mained quiet for fome years, and as he grew 
 ftronger he occupied the champaign country 
 by degrees, and rebuilt the cities he had de- 
 moliflied of Leon and Aftorgas. He died in 
 I^T y and was fucceeded by his fon, Don 
 Froila, who had partaken of his conquefts, and 
 fought by his fide. During his reign the Sa- 
 racens in Spain threw off* the yoke of the 
 Khalif, and Abderrahman, the viceroy, ren- 
 dered himfelf independent, and fixed the feat 
 jpf his government at Cordova. The confe- 
 
 B 3 quence 
 
( vi ) 
 
 quence was, that the divifions of the Moors 
 were fettled, but for all this Froila took their 
 general prifoner, and killed and routed 54,ooo 
 of them in a pitched battle, and then built 
 Oviedo, and made it his capital for the con- 
 venience of defending the level plains whicfi 
 he had begun to people. Abderrahman called 
 alfo Abderame, was captain general, and go- 
 vernor of Spain, for Hefcham Khalif, of the 
 irace of the Gmmiads, in the year 113 of the 
 Hejira, and 734 of our reckoning. It was 
 he that Charles Martel defeated near Poitiers 
 in 732, when the battle lalted a whole day, 
 and the flaughter of the Saracens w^s im- 
 menfe. 
 
 There are Arabic coins in fome cabinets 
 ftrucfc under the firil Emirs of Spain, and af- 
 terwards by Myfa fori of Nafir, or rather by 
 Alahor fon of Abderrahman Alfafak, (who 
 came from Hjfpalis, apd fettled at Corduba,) 
 from the year 100. Chr. 718, A, D. to Ab- 
 derrahman the Third, in the year 300, or 912 
 of Chrift. 
 
 Abderrahman fon of Moavic, and grand- 
 
 foi^ 
 
( vii ) 
 
 fon of Hefcham Khalif, of the Ommiads, came 
 to Spain when he was twenty-eight years old, 
 in the 756th year of Jefus Chrift, when Al- 
 manfor was Khahf of Bagdat. This fugitive 
 prince was recognifed, and acknowledged by 
 the Arabs in the Weft to be the legitimate 
 Khalif, and reigned thirty-two years, and fome 
 months, and left his crown to his fon Hef- 
 cham, in the year 172 of the Hejira. It was 
 he that built the great Mof<|ue of Cordova in 
 170, and founded the monarchy which laftcd 
 till 33.5 or 946 of our Era. He was called 
 El Adel, the Juft : he left eleven fons and nine 
 daughters, according to Khondemir Ebn- 
 Amid, but the years and the dates differ in ,the 
 Spanifli Chronicle. Abderrahman fecond of the 
 name w^as the fon of Hakem, and grandfon 
 of Hefcham, and the fourth Khalif of Spain, 
 of the race of the Ommiads ; he reigned 
 thirty-one years, and died in 852, leaving 
 forty-five fons, and forty-tv\ o daughters. Un- 
 der his government the Mohammedans tplit 
 into vc^rious factions, and waged war with 
 one another. During thefe diforders the 
 
 B 4 Chriftians 
 
( viii ) 
 
 Chriftians retook Barcelona; but on order be- 
 ing reftored, Abderrahman conquered it again, 
 and with it the city of Valencia, which his 
 uncle had pcrfuaded to revolt againft him ; 
 he there chafed, and difperfed a fleet of Nor* 
 man fliips that came from Lifbon for the 
 purpofe of taking pofleiTion of Cadix and Se- 
 ville ; and having filenced his foreign enemies, 
 and appeafed his domellic broils, turned him^ 
 fclf to the arts of peace, and paved the city 
 df Cordova, and brought water to it by a no- 
 ble and coftly aqueducft. There was alfo a 
 third Abderrahman, the eighth Khalif of the 
 fame family, that reigned nearly fixty years 
 in Spain. Ebn Amid tells us, that he wa^ 
 the fon of Almondir, and was fu^named afte^ 
 having been proclaimed Khalif, Nalfer-ledin- 
 illah. He fucceeded his brother Abdallah ir^ 
 the sooth year of the Hegira. It was this 
 prince who firft took the title of the Com- 
 mander of the Faithful, Emir Almoumenin 
 during the divifions for the fucceffion to ths 
 Khaliphate, in vshich violent efforts were 
 made on the fide of the Abbaffides on one 
 
 part. 
 
( IX ) 
 
 part, and the Ommiads of the other : Neyer-r 
 thelefs Abderrahman kept pofleffion of the 
 government through the whole extent of the 
 Weft for a fpace of fifty years, and died qui- 
 etly at the age of fei^enty-four in the year 
 350, that is, 961 of our account. 
 
 There is in Wile's Catalogue of the Bod- 
 leian Coins, one, which Gagnier fays, was 
 ftruck at Alexandria, Anno 310, Chr. 91 2, 
 that really belongs to the reign of Abderrah-r 
 man III. and the mint of Andalufia. The^ 
 coins of the early Khalifs, that refided at Cor* 
 duba, have on them Andalus, which was the 
 name given by the Moors to Spain, and the 
 word Corduba is to be fupplied, as PanormuiS 
 is in the Sicilian coins, which read only Me- 
 deenet Sikileet. 
 
 In the year 979, when the Chriftians were 
 on the point of a total fubjugation of thq 
 Moors, and little ftiort of being rid of them 
 for ever, appeared Mohammed Ebn Emir Al- 
 manzor, a Saracen General, who by ai feries 
 of bold and fuccefsful enterprifes turned the 
 fcale, iand infpired his countrymen with new 
 
 courage 
 
( X ) 
 
 t^purage to maintain their poft, and recover 
 their loft groimd, . Almanzor was the grand 
 Vjze^r to the King of Cordova, and, irritated 
 againft the Chriftians, from the fuiFerings of 
 the Moors, became furious and implacable in 
 his w^arfare. He took Leon, and putting the 
 inhabitants to the fword, burnt the town. 
 Barcelona met with a fimilar treatment, ^nd 
 Caftille was ravaged ; Galicia . and Portu- 
 gal overrun and plundered. The Chriftians 
 were every where beat, and never won 9, bat- 
 tle in the courfe of forty difterent actions, in 
 which they fought the Saracens ; but as fmall 
 obftacles fometimes turn great torrents out of 
 their courfe, fo on the taking of Compoftella, 
 and a^t, the carr^'ing oft* in triumph of the 
 gates of the church of St. James, a flux broke 
 Qut .among the troops of the infidels, which 
 the Chriftians naturally interpreting a ftroke 
 from Heaven, for facrilege committed againft 
 the church of their favourite faipt, attacked 
 the. eonq^uerors in their turn with fuch a holy 
 Tage> and divine fury, that not all the cool 
 courage of Almanzor could r^j^^tbc;, fugitives 
 
( xi ) 
 
 of his terroivib'uck troops ; when totally uu* 
 able to make any ftand he was himfelf re- 
 duced to run away, and, leaving his followers 
 to their fate, he fled to Medina Celi, and died 
 of regret and abftinence in the year QQ8. 
 We have a coin extant that was ftruck under 
 the Khalif Hefcham Almuaeed Billah, who 
 reigned from Q7() to 1008. See Tychfen, p, 
 132. Tab. Ixiii. It is of iilver, and has on 
 it in the area. There is no God but God, and 
 none like him. Round the margin. In the 
 name of God, this Dirhem was ftruck in An- 
 dalus, in the year feventy and three hundred. 
 On the reverfe, Iman Hefcham, prince of the 
 faithful Almuaeed Billah, Aamer, that is, 
 JloyaL 
 
 During thefe times, the kingdom of Caf- 
 tille arofe, and as yet undivided. Old Caf- 
 tille was fet up long before the New had been 
 recovered from the Moor, and fcparated from 
 Leon by fome infignificant ftreams on one 
 fide, and bounded by Aflurias, Bifcay, and 
 Rioja on the other, a province belonging 
 
 formerly 
 
( xii ) 
 
 tormerly to Navarre, now annexed to Old 
 Caliille, whofe principal towns are Logrono, 
 Calzada, Najara, and Bellorado. This dif- 
 tri(9: foon became a bone of contention be- 
 tween the fovereigns of Leon and Cordova, 
 and as the former were more fortunate in 
 war than the latter, the nobles of Caftille be- 
 came independent in fpite of the Moors, when 
 their power was in its meridian. The kings 
 alfo of Leon, and Oviedo, and Caftille, united 
 in the vear 1035. when Don Sanchez beftowed 
 Caftille, which had fallen under his power, on 
 his eldeft fon Don Ferdinand with the title of 
 King ; and thus the fovereigns became kings 
 of Leon and Caftille, bv the union of the ter- 
 ritories of Caftille with thofe of Leon and 
 ' Oviedo. And now another kingdom arofe, 
 the kingdom of Arragon, and about the year 
 1035, Don Sanchez, furnamed the Great, king 
 of Navarre, raifed Arragon into a government 
 for his fon Don Ramira. At this time the 
 Vvhole of Spain was divided into two unequal 
 parts, by a boundary drawn from Eaft to 
 Weft, from Valentia to a point fomewhat be- 
 low 
 
< xiii ) 
 
 low the mouth of the Douro. All to the 
 North of this line was Chriftian, the fmalleft 
 and the pooreft portion of the country, and 
 all to the South Mooriih, and by far the richeft 
 fliare in all fenfes. There was nothing want- 
 ing in the Moors but union to be mafters of 
 the whole, and fo it may be faid of the other 
 party, for feuds and divifions prevailed within 
 and without in both camps, 
 
 Seditlone, dolls, fcelere, atque libidine, et iia 
 Hefperios intra muros peccatur, et extra. 
 
 Although the Chrittians did not draw up in 
 battle-array as the Moors were in the habit of 
 doing, one againft another, yet they too 
 quarrelled bitterly and implacably, and were 
 always ready to call in foreign aid to termi- 
 nate a domelVic broil, which was an incalcu- 
 lable advantage to their enemies, fua fi bona 
 norint, had they known how to take it. 
 The divifions, however, of the Moors were 
 more minute; and evGry town had its fove- 
 reign, wIk) was jealous of fome neighbour, fo 
 that they both, one after another, fell a prey 
 to an invader, lince each preferred to be iiu 
 
 ined 
 
( xiv ) 
 
 ined and cut up fingly, rather than by uniting 
 rilk the chance of the aggrandizement of a 
 filler city, at the expence of any aid and af- 
 liftance againll the common enemy. The 
 confequence was eafily forefeen. The king 
 of Toledo is at war with his brother of Se- 
 ville, Alphonfo ftands by, and, watching the 
 lucky moment of attack, pounces upon Toledo 
 and all its dependencies, and makes it his ca- 
 pital, foon after the province of New Cafiille 
 is reduced; and Madrid, a petty town, becomes 
 the property of the Chriftians. So much did 
 Alphonfo, King of Caftille, for w ant of com- 
 mon confidence of one Moorilh kingdom in 
 another, from the year 1080 to 1084. 
 
 The city of Toledo had been a long time in 
 the hands of the Goths, but was conquered in 
 the year 715 by the Mohammedans, and 
 changed its matter. To the year 764 it un- 
 derwent a variety of viciffitude and internal 
 ditturbance, and was ftormed by Nader and 
 Taman, generals of the Spaniih Khalif Ab- 
 derrahman. Deguignes, p. 61. T. i. In 828 
 it; revolted with many other cities under a 
 
 leader 
 
( XV ) 
 
 leader of the name of Haflan, and was not 
 brought back to theobedience of the Khalif; 
 till hine years afterwards; At the extindiori 
 of the Ommiad fovereigns, Toledo renounced 
 her Mohammedan kings Behi Dulnum, that 
 had' • governed her from 435 to 478, or frorri 
 l'043 to 1085. Then came Alphons, the fon 
 of Sancho, King of Caflille,' and drove them 
 out, and took their city from them ; and from 
 that period, except a fliort interval, it re- 
 mained in the pofleffion of the Chriftians, from 
 the year 1 1 05 to 1 2 1 2. vSee Deguignes Hif- 
 toire des Huns, torn. i. par. i. pp. 321, 51, 50, 
 5S. Alphons the Vlllth, fon of Sancho III. 
 whofe coins are dated at Caftille and Toledo, 
 fucceedcdhis father 1158, and having reigned 
 fifty- five years, died in 1 2 1 4. As it happens 
 that the conquered adopt the laws prefcribed 
 by the conqueror, fo the Arabians brought 
 with them into Spain their languag;e and their 
 literature ; and the Spaniards applied them- 
 felves with fo much zeal and ardour that they 
 became acquainted intimately with the ele- 
 gance of the Arabic tongue, and wrote po- 
 em* 
 
( xvi ) 
 
 cms which the Moors admired, to the utter 
 negled of their vernacular language, fo that> 
 not one Spaniard in a thoufand could com- 
 pofe a plain letter of compliment, or tranfadl 
 bulinefs in Spanilh, or Latin, when whole 
 colleges excelled in writing Arabic, with all 
 the pride of learning, and the pomp of calli* 
 graphy. The proof of this is to be fought 
 for in Alvarus de Cordiiba whofe Manufcript 
 of the Church of Cordova P. Florez pub- 
 liflied in Efpana Sagra, torn. i. p. 274, ita ut 
 iaomni Chrill. Collegio vix inveniatur unus in 
 milleno hominum numero qui falatorius fratri 
 poffit rationaliter dirigere literas, et reperian- 
 tur abfque numero multiplices turbae, quae 
 erudite Arabicas verborum explicent pompas. 
 The women alfo cultivated the mufes of 
 Mecca, and Maria Alfaifuli of Seville, ob- 
 tained the title of the Arabian Sappho. Her 
 works are in the Efcurial. She fiourirticd 
 in 411, which is equal to 1020 of our reckon- 
 ing. SccCafiri, toni. i. p. 150. Arab. Hifpan. 
 Efcurialenfis. It is therefore no great matter 
 of furprife, that Alfons, a Chriltian prince, 
 
 fliould 
 
( XVii ) 
 
 ftiould have ftruck his coins with Arabic le- 
 gends, fince his fubjefts were more familiar 
 with that than any other language, not ex- 
 cepting their own, but the aftonifliment is, 
 that he fliould not have had the fear of the 
 Moors before his eyes, and the dread of af- 
 fronting the Mohammedans, his near and ir- 
 reconcileable enemies, by the infulting ufe of 
 their language, which they mull, no doubt, 
 look upon as polluted, and contaminated irl 
 the fervice of the Crofs. The Moors, how- 
 ever, were not intolerant, and permitted the 
 full exercife of the Chriftian religion in the 
 towns which were fubjed to them. Am- 
 brofio de Morales, I. c. fol. 207. tells us, Los 
 Moros dexaron a los Chrillianos con fus digni 
 dades facerdotes, y grande ufo en fix religion. 
 We may then, to fay the leaft, pronounce the 
 Cadillian niunarch guilty of an indifcretion ; 
 though vvc admire bis fpirit and intrepidity. 
 The gold Cufic coins of Toledo were in the 
 Borgian colledion, and have been publilbed 
 by Adler at Rome, in the year 1782, they 
 are nearly all alike, that is, the infcription i« 
 - C the 
 
( xviii ) 
 
 th^lame on all, but the date different. They 
 are.four in number. In the area is a crofs, 
 the word Ulmefeeheea, or Chriftian, and 
 ynder it ALF. Alfons. Round the margin. 
 In the name of the Father, the Son, and Holy 
 Ghoit, the only God. On the revcrfe. In 
 the area, Emeer of the Franks, CathoHcks, 
 Alfons ben Sancho, by the hand, power, and 
 gTace of God. Round the margin. This coin 
 was ftruck in the city of Talitala, in the year 
 1186. The next in the year 1186, the third 
 1 191, the fourth 1 182. Toletam, or Toledo, 
 in Arabic is Talitala according to Abulfara- 
 gius, in his Hiftory of the Dynafties, p. 241, 
 See Pocock. Alfons in his challenge, 1194, 
 to James, or Jacob, king of Africa, Ihewed a 
 temper of mind for courage not eafily daunt- 
 ed. Abulfarage has preferred this letter, p. 
 412. lat. vers. p. 27^], But to refume the 
 thrc.id of my hillory ; the Moors were fo much 
 alarmed at the lofs of Toledo and Madrid, 
 that they colleded a great force, and with the 
 additional fuccour of Mohammed Ben Jofeph, 
 king of Barbary, who came at their call with 
 
( xix ) 
 
 his myriads, and fought the Chriftians and 
 defeated them on the l6th of Ju]v, on the 
 borders of Andalafia, in the Sierra Morena, 
 or Black Mountains, fo called bccaufe its 
 ridges rrfe, and fall like a faw. It is a pro- 
 vincial faving in Spain, When it fnows here, 
 what does it on the Saw ? Quando aqui ni- 
 eva, que hara en la Sierra ? This vidlory is 
 celebrated annually at Toledo, but as if fatis- 
 fied with the grcatnefs of the effort they had 
 made, the Chriftians diiperfcd, and the Moors 
 ftrengthened b}^ the remains of the men 
 from Barbary united again to try their for- 
 tune, but for want of confidence they fell out 
 among themfelves, and having no central 
 force, every attempt ended in defeat, and lofs 
 of territory. In 1236, Don Ferdinand, of 
 Caftillc and Leon, took the city of Cordova, 
 the refidencc of the firll Mooriih kings, with 
 Murcia, Seville, Xeres, Cadix, and St. Lucar, 
 whilft James, or Jayme I. of Aragon, feized 
 Majorca, Minorca, and Valentia, Qnd drove 
 the Moors before him. Ferdinand III. fon 
 of Alphonfc IX. was coufm-german of St, 
 
 C 2 Louist 
 
i XX ) 
 
 Louis, and entertained the project of fubdu- 
 ing the kingdom of Morocco, as Louis did of 
 conquering Pala^ftine. - In 1308, Ferdinand 
 IV. king of Ciiftille, made war on the king of 
 Granada, and took the fortrefs of Gibraltar. 
 He was a violent prince, pailionate to excess, 
 and dcfpotic ; he acquired the name of El 
 Prorogado, or the adjourned, becaufe in a fit 
 of rage he ordered two of his nobles to be 
 thrown over a Tarpcian Rock, or precipice, 
 and thcY, before the c^^ecution of the fentence, 
 cited him to appear before God in thirty 
 hours, to give an account of this a(S. of ty- 
 ranny ; and at the end of this period he is re- 
 ported to have died, like the rich man in the 
 Gofpel, to whom it was faid from authority. 
 This night thy foul Ihall be required of thee. 
 During the conqueli of Spain by the Moors 
 it was divided into feveral kingdoms, which 
 naturally weakened its ftrengtli, and made 
 them cafy captures to the kings of CaftiJlc, 
 Aragon, and Navarre, fo that the Moors 1ki4 
 nothing left in 123i5 but the kingdom of 
 Granada. The Arabians, Moors, or Saracens, 
 
 were 
 
( xxi ) 
 
 were all the lame people, and brought into 
 Spaih by Count Julian, as has been already 
 ynentioned, whofe daughter Roderic raviilied, 
 w hile the father was on an embalTy in Africa, 
 where he planned the firft invallon by the 
 Moors, and defeat of Roderic the laft Gothic 
 king, who was drowned in paffing the river 
 Guadatete, whilft flying from the enemy!. 
 The kingdoms erecfted by the Saracens in 
 Spain were, Saragofla by , Aben Altaje ; 
 Toledo, founded by Mohammed ; Cor- 
 dova, by Abderrahman ; Seville, by AI- 
 Corexi ; Yalentia, by Zcit Aben Zcit ; 
 Granada, bv Mohammed Aben Alhamar, 
 who Was originally, the feeder of a flock, but 
 fignalized his valour in fo many adions, that 
 he was made afliepherd king in 1238 ; Cadix 
 fubmitted to him, and Granada was his capi- 
 tal; he died at thirty-fevcn, and left two fons. 
 In 1273, he was fucceeded by Mohammed 
 Mir, who reigned thirty years, and built the 
 palace of Nugno at Granada. 
 
 •Mohammed Aben Alhamar came to the 
 crown in 1305, and, after reigning eight 
 
 C 3 years, 
 
( xxii ) 
 
 years, was imprifoned and killed by his bro- 
 ther. He took fome towns during the trou- 
 bles of Caftille, and refufed to pay the tri- 
 bute to its king, which had been always 
 exacted from the Moorilli monarchs^; he held 
 a fvnod, and allowed the clergy to keep mif- 
 trefies. He loll: his eyes by an accident juft 
 before his imprifonment and murder. 
 
 The fourth king, Mohammed Aben Azcr, 
 having killed and taken pollellion, was de^ 
 throned by his fubjecis, who confpired with 
 feveral Mooriih governors agai nft him, four 
 months after his acceffion. 
 
 Ifmael, the fifth king, in 1314, fliarcd the 
 fame fate, though he had laid liege to Gibral- 
 tar without taking it, but had defeated the 
 Chriftians in a pitched battle, and made two 
 of their generals prifoners. 
 
 ISIohammed, the fixth monarch, came next 
 in 1328, a youth, and under tutors, who in- 
 volved him in a war with the Caftillians, in 
 which he was beat, and faddled with a tribute 
 of 120,000 doublons. 'J'he king of Caflille 
 
 then 
 
( xxiii ) ^ 
 
 then prefented him with a fplendid robe, and 
 his fubjecls dcpofed him for accepting it. 
 
 Jofeph, the joungeft brother fucceeded in 
 13 34, and under the protedion, and with 
 the aid of Miralmumin exempted Granada 
 from the Caftilhan tribute; but was confpired 
 againft by his fucceflbr, and put to death in a 
 rebellion of his fubjeds. 
 
 Mohammed Lagus, (j*^jjl} the robber, fuc- 
 ceeded, and reigned till l36o, when he was 
 driven from the throne in favour of IMoham- 
 med Ahmer, the red. 
 
 The ninth king was Abenalamar, killed 
 by Don Pedro the Cruel in Seville, whither 
 he had gone to conciliate his favour. He had 
 only reigned two years. 
 
 Mohammed Lagus, then called the Old, 
 came back and reigned altogether twenty-two 
 years. 
 
 Mohammed of Cadix, fon of Mohammed 
 Lagus, fucceeded in 1 394 and reigned peace- 
 ably thirteen years, the only inltaiicc of a 
 Moorilh Prince of Peacp during the w hole of 
 his reign. He married the king of Tunis*s 
 
 C 4 daughter, 
 
 Ovj->».» i 
 
I xxiv ) 
 
 daughter, and was enabled by this connexion, 
 and ftrong frontier towns in Andalufia to 
 keephis fubjeds quiet, and himfelf undifturbed. 
 
 Jofepb, his fon, fucceeded in l4og. He 
 M'as kind to the Chriftiahs, and being engaged 
 in foreign and civil wars, his fon confpired 
 againft him, and the king of Fez, jealous of 
 his clemency to infidels, fent him a poifoned 
 veft of cloth of gold which 'foon put an end 
 to his exiftence. 
 
 Jofeph was his eldeftfon, but Mohammed 
 Aben Balva mounted the throne to the preju- 
 dice of his elder brother in 1112, and after 
 reigning twelve years died peaceably, having 
 conciliated the king of Caitille, by paying the 
 ancient tribute^ and fending him prefents of 
 his moft beautiful wive». 
 
 Jofeph then followed him, who ought to 
 have preceded ; he reigned four years, and 
 trod in his brother*s ileps, and paid the tri- 
 bute. 
 
 Mohammed, his fon, called ka\ves (j^ or 
 crook-backed, began to reign in M28. He 
 was much beloved from without by the 
 
 princes, 
 
( XXV ) 
 
 princes, his neighbours, but hated by hisfub- 
 jefts, who drove him to Tunis, and obliged 
 him to abdicate. 
 
 Mohammed Kemelee, or the httle, /^X^» 
 Vi^ho headed the rebels, fucceeded that fame 
 year, but \^ as depofed after twentv-two 
 months reign for his bafenefs and cruelty. 
 
 Mohammed the crook-backed then return* 
 edin 1430, but was dethroned by a competi* 
 tor, fet up hy the king of Caftille, to whom 
 Mohammed refufcd to pay the accuftomed tri- 
 bute. 
 
 Jofeph Aben Almah, rival of Mohammed, 
 made himfelf a vaflal to the king of Caftille, 
 but died in the fixth month of his reign. 
 
 Mohammed Crookback then fucceeded 
 again, and after three years was dethroned by 
 his nephew. 
 
 * Mohammed Lenk, the lame, UCU, having 
 dethroned his uncle, joined thofe of Navarre 
 againft the king of Caftille, but w^as defeated, 
 and afterwards dethroned. He was famed for 
 }]is cruelty, and forced many of the Moorifh 
 
 knights 
 
( xxvi ) 
 
 Jcnights out of the country. He reigned from 
 |1436 to 1452, when 
 
 Aben Ifmael removed him. Muley Ilaf- 
 fan, the eldeft fon of Aben Ifmael, invaded 
 Caftille in time of peace, which hi§ father 
 highly difapproved. 
 
 Muley Haflan came not himfelf to the 
 throne till uro, when he conquered part of 
 Andalufia, and plundered the territory of Al- 
 cantara, but was here flopped by the Chriltians, 
 and dethroned for his cruelty to the family of 
 Aben Caraxes, the moft numerous and confi- 
 derable in Granada. He finiflied the Alham- 
 bra, and dreffed the Alixares in blue and 
 
 gold ♦. 
 
 Mohammed 
 
 * Alixeres was a moft magnificent villa, or country houfe, 
 on the banks of the river' Xehil, The artift that overlaid it 
 with blue and gold, got a hundred daublons a day, as appean* 
 by the epigram in Spanifh, 
 
 EI Mora que las labrava, 
 Cien doblas ganava el dia, 
 Y el dia que no las labrava 
 Otras tantas fe perdia. 
 
 Eac|j 
 
( xxvil ) 
 
 Mohammed Boabdelin, bis fon, fucceeded 
 him in 1482, having efcaped to Cadix, to 
 avoid being put to death by his father, at the 
 infligation of his vrife. He was taken pri* 
 foncr, how^ever, in fighting with the Caftil- 
 lians, when lie made fuch terms with Fer- 
 dinand, king of Caftille, that he was fufFered 
 to be at large ; defpairing, however, of the 
 fortunes of the Moors, and finding them irre- 
 trievablv loft, he retired to Africa. 
 
 Muley Boabdelin, a diminutive of Abdal- 
 lah, was chofen in his place in 1485, but his 
 fubjecls were fo much fplit into parties, that 
 Ferdinand, availing himfelf of their divifions, 
 befieged and took Granada in 1492; Muley 
 Boabdelin was driven from the throne, and 
 confented to lay down his regal dignity on con- 
 dition the Moors governed by their own laws, 
 ^nd that he lliould retain his former rank and 
 
 Each day his work was done. 
 He a hundred doublons won. 
 
 Such Mas Alhambra*s cofti 
 Alike each pafling day. 
 He left his work to play. 
 
 He a hundred doublons loft. 
 
 dig- 
 
( xxviii ) 
 
 dignity. Thus Granada returned to the Chrif- 
 lians after the Moors had enjoyed it more 
 than eight hundred years, and as a kingdom 
 two hundred and fifty- four ; containing one 
 hundred open towns and one hundred and 
 forty-one cities. Before Ferdinand under- 
 took the fiual expulfion of the invaders, he 
 fanftijfied his project by a bull obtained from 
 Sixtus IV. authorifing a crufade, or holy war, 
 for the fake of Chrift. The queen Ifabella 
 attended him in fome of his expeditions, and 
 they were both in no fmall peril at the fiege 
 of Malaga, which refilled nobly and made a 
 glorious defence ; but at laft, the reduction of 
 the walled city of Ba^a, or Baza, with its caf- 
 tie, in the kingdom of Granada, coil 2o,ooo 
 men. One of the conditions of the furrender 
 of Granada, cut off from all communication 
 with the country, and all hope of reUef, after 
 an eight months' fiege, was the liberty of pol- 
 feffing the revenue of certain places in the fer- 
 tile mountains of Alpujarros, once barren, but 
 brought into cultivation by the Moors. It 
 is true indeed of this people, that however 
 
 they 
 
( xxix ) 
 
 maybe confidered as deficient in the indifpeh- 
 fable requifites, and elTential qualities of a po- 
 lifhed nation, humanity, generofity, and mu- 
 tual fympathy, yet they have been, no doubt, 
 of infinite fervice to mankind in planing Tiis 
 rough corners, and fmoothinghis wiry edge by 
 the introdudion of the hght of learning, in an 
 age of dark ignorance, and by the ad vancetnent , 
 as early as the tweltb century, of the Icience 
 of agriculture higher, in many refpeds, than it 
 has ever been carried in the prefent age. It 
 appears from a Manufcript, found in the Hi- 
 curial, the compofition of an Arabian fcholar 
 of the twelfth century, difcoveredin the year 
 1751, and publilhed in 1802 in French, that 
 the agriculture of all countries was at that 
 time undcrftopd in Spain, andthe fugar-cane, 
 piftachier, bananier, fefame, and chou-marin, 
 the cotton-tree, and the dry rice that grew 
 without being conftantly watered, wetc there 
 raifed, and ])roduccd in the greatell abund- 
 ance ; to iay nothing of their knowledge of 
 manures and fkill in compolts. See numbers 
 five and fix of the Arcliivcs Litcraire*;, in. 
 
 v\hich 
 
( XXX ) 
 
 •which are extradls from the Spanifli tranflation 
 by M. Correa de Serra, now in Bonaparte's 
 fervice. Improvements in huthandry are; 
 fometiraes not adopted when thej-are iirlt fug- 
 gefted, and afterwards, at a very confiderable 
 interval, re-introduced as difcoveries. For 
 inftance, dibbling feed w^hich has produced 
 twa bufhels of Avheat per acre more than 
 by fowing, was propofed: by Gerard Plat in 
 Henry the Ylllth's time, and repeated liy 
 Fitzherbert, as well as the ufe of two ploughs 
 in light lands, and both of late brought out as 
 new inventions. 
 
 It will be right in this place to fay a word 
 mor^ on the driving out of the Moors, and to 
 account for their final expulfion from Spain, 
 notwithftanding the capitulation mentioned 
 above, and the alignment of the vale of Pur- 
 chena, in the kingdom of Murcia, to the 
 Moorifli king with a confiderable revenue. < 
 
 And firlt, tlieir obliinate adherence to the 
 language, manners, cudoms, and religion 'Ot 
 their anceilors, on which they valued them- 
 felves \^o highly, being the religion of fa 
 
 many 
 
( xxxi ) 
 
 many and fo great empires, that they looked 
 on any thing fliort of pure theifm, as execra^ 
 ble, and on all image worfhippers as abomi- 
 nations. This alone made them flow to be 
 converted* and a whole year hardly produced 
 a profelyte. The reafon given for getting 
 rid of them in a political view, was indeed 
 fomewhat different. It was feared on the 
 part of Spain, that from their vicinity to the 
 Mediterranean and to Barbary, they might 
 eafily invite their oppofite neighbours to in- 
 vade the Peninfula ; and, if they coolly 
 butchcred them, the cry of horror would re^ 
 found from all quarters, and if they drove fo 
 many thoufands away, they might expedl id 
 fee them return with their enemies at thelf 
 head. There was, therefore, no other way 
 left to be quit of them as enemies, but by 
 converfion, for which parpofe the clergy was 
 called upon for their aid and affiftance, and 
 double diligence in the pious talk ; but the 
 monks employed were irnpatient and fcon 
 difgurted, and reported the Moors as ftifF- 
 necked and hard-hearted, and to be fubdued 
 
n 
 
 ( xxxii ) 
 
 by violence alone, fit but for flaves, and exile; 
 that the only mode to be adopted was to fend 
 away the parents and baptife the children by 
 force. This advice was rejeiled as barbarous 
 and abominable, when it was recollected that 
 the Moors in power had fufFered the Chrif- 
 tians to adore the Crols, and permitted them 
 the free ufe of their religious worlhip. The 
 violent method was in confequence fufpended 
 for a time. In 1499, Ferdinand and Ifabella 
 finding that the number of converts to Chrif- 
 tianity among the Moors was veryfmall, urged 
 the matter ftrongly to Cardinal Ximencs, their 
 confeflbr, and he, by bribes and by flattery, 
 converted fome of the chiefs, and chriliened 
 three thoufand at once in a great fquare, and 
 burnt as m^ny Korans. But the mafs relifted, 
 and the cardinal had recourfe to other means, 
 and committed Zagri, a noble Moor, and a 
 great zealot, to the cullody of Leoni, one of 
 his chaplains, who fo convinced the Moor by 
 flripes and imprifonment, that he pretended io 
 be converted, and feigned perfuafion; and when 
 brought before the cardinal . to declare his 
 
 faith, 
 
( xxxiii ) 
 
 faith, he told his eminence, with a forced 
 fmile, that his eminence had nothing more to 
 do, to convert the reft of his countrymen, 
 than to commit them to the cuftody of his 
 eminence's lion ; bv which he alluded ta the 
 name of the chaplain. By arts like thefe, by 
 the fword, and by inquifitorial terrors, the 
 Moors were partly converted, partly deliroy- 
 ed, and partly forced out of Spain : many of 
 them on paying ten dollars a head were 
 fhipped for Barbary ; but thofe, to the amount 
 of two hundred thoufand, who wanted the 
 means of enlarging themfelves, were driven 
 to baptifm, and four thoufand were burnt, 
 and thirty thoufand converted. So efficacious 
 was the power of the inquifition, to clear 
 Spain of its foreign invaders, that the Sevil- 
 lians complained to the king that their city 
 was a defert, and that within its jurifdicSion 
 there were five thoufand empty houfes, and 
 propofed to grant his majefty a large fum of 
 money to fupprefs this dreadful court of in- 
 quiry, and put a ftop to its ravages, or th(? 
 whole country would become a wildernefs. 
 
 J) Ferdinand 
 
( xxxiv ) 
 
 lerdinand at firft appeared to lilien to the 
 plaintiils, but was foon perfuaded by the 
 planner of the inquilition, Thomas de Turre- 
 cremata, a Dominican, ^o turn a deaf ear to 
 the complainants. The Dominican told the 
 king, that if he took money to put down the 
 inquifition he would commit the crime of 
 Judas and fell Chrill, and that his majefty's 
 puniihment would be the fame as that of the 
 Arch-Traiton The Sultan of Egypt alfo 
 took up the caufe, and threatened the Spa- 
 niards at Jerufalem, and every where in his 
 dominions, to treat them*as the King of Spain 
 had treated the Moors. In defiance of all 
 this, and the common declaration at the Hake, 
 that the fufFerer had been forced into Chriili- 
 anity, and did not believe a fyllable of it ; the 
 fyftem w^nt on all through the reign of Fer- 
 dinand and Ifabella, and the averiion to Chrif- 
 lianity grew llronger and llronger, and the ia- 
 quifition was more and more detefted. The 
 (;mperor, Charles the Vth, having palled the 
 fummer at Granada, in the year 1526, and 
 been magnificently received by the Moors, 
 
 wa.9 
 
( XXXV ) 
 
 was prefented with a memorial, fetting forth 
 the grievances the Moors endured from the 
 judges and the clergy ; the emperor appoint- 
 ed vifitors to inquire into the nature and truth 
 of the fufFerings, who found the complaints 
 to be true; but, at the fame time, reported, 
 that fearcelj feven Chriftians were to be found 
 among them after twenty-fe^^n years bap- 
 tifm. This produced- a Jutita of Court-pre- 
 lates and Lawyers, who ordered the inquifi- 
 tion to fit at Granada, in terrorem, that the 
 Moors ihould give up their fafliions, language, 
 and religion, and three colleges be appointed 
 for inftruding their children in the Chriiiian 
 faith. The emperor abated fomewhat of the 
 rigour of this decree for a prefent of eighty 
 thoufand dutats, but afterwards the inqulfitdrs 
 continued to burn them, and Philip the Second 
 renewed the order for a total change in their 
 manners aiid cuftoms on pain of death, for- 
 bad their aifembling in nurabers, or poffeffing 
 arms, or places of ftrength and refiltance. 
 The Moors had acquainted the Grand Seignior 
 with all the tyrannies of the Spaniards, and 
 
 D 2 retired 
 
( xxxvi ) 
 
 retired to the mountains, from whence they 
 were expelled in 1570, by Don Juan of Auf- 
 tria, and natural fon cf Charles the Vth, af- 
 ter they had been tranflated from Granada, 
 and difperfed all over Caftille. At length, in 
 3609, their expulfion was agreed upon in Va- 
 lencia, notwithftandingthe rigorous oppofition 
 of the barons ; and firft, twenty-eight thou- 
 fand were fent to Barbary, and then one hun- 
 dred and forty thoufand afterwards in different 
 detachments ; and the king agreed to the pro- 
 pofal of his clergy^ that all above feyen years 
 of age Ihould be expelled. The barons op* 
 pofed them in vain, for the eccleliaftics 
 preached every where, that it was lawful to 
 put all Moors to the fvvord, if the king com- 
 manded it ; and the invincible armada would 
 never have failed if they had been baniflied 
 long before. Thus Spain loll firft and laft from 
 fix to nine hundred thoufand fubjeds ; and in 
 1(J18 a memorial was delivered by the junta to 
 Philip III. which fet forth the dire effects of 
 this mighty depopulation, by fhewing that 
 the country was on the brink of ruin, which 
 
 brought 
 
( xxxvii ) 
 
 brought on the dilgrace of the Duke of 
 Lerma, and the death of his brother, the car« 
 dinal of Toledo, who, being baniflied from 
 the court, died of vexation. With the Moors 
 went all the merchants and the agriculturifts 
 of the kingdom, as it were, for they were the 
 great traders and hufbandmen of the land. 
 Philip endeavoured to repair this calamity, and 
 replenifli the vacuum which it made in the 
 Peninfula, by a moll falutary and flattering 
 edid:, which offered the honours of nobility 
 to all cultivators of the lands, with an ex- 
 emption from military fervice ; but the edidl 
 made no great fenfation, and produced very 
 little eiFeft on a people, one part of which 
 was naturally indolent, and habitually averfe 
 to the exertions of manual labour ; and like 
 the Sybarites of old, to whom the very idea 
 of toil and fatigue gave a pain in the fide, 
 darted back at the fight of a Ipadeor pick-axe, 
 "V^^hilfl: the other took no delight in any thing, 
 but the art of war, and gloried only in thp 
 traffic of the fword. 
 
 D3 REMAINS 
 
REMAINS OF ARABIC 
 
 IN THE 
 
 SPANISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 SPANISH. ARABIC. ENGLISH. 
 
 Aba \j\ Abhor, ware. 
 
 Aha in Arabic means^ abhorring, dreading, 
 Jbewaring. 
 
 Abenuz (JM-*^' Ebony. 
 
 The Spaniards have dfo, Ebano for Ebony^ 
 
 Abila <J^I Grofs ftaff-pillar. 
 
 Abila is a mountain oppofite to ^Calpe, and 
 makes with it the Pillars of Hercules. See Pliny, 
 ^nd the Arabian Geographer, Ebn Haukal, p. 24. 
 4to. 
 
 D 4 Acjacan 
 
( 40 ) 
 
 Agacan Uuw Water-carrier. 
 
 Sjka and Sawkee, with the article prefixed, 
 are what the Italians call Secchie, Witnefs, la 
 Secchia ?.apita, the Rape of the Bucket by Taf- 
 foni. 
 
 Agafate 4j:^JuJI Quiver. 
 
 Ajafate means a flat bafket for ladies'- work. 
 Shaft in Engli(h, a perpendicular pit. In Ara- 
 bic a flat couch, and a quiver. 
 
 A9afran o'r*^ Zafran Saffron. 
 Acelga ^^JiX^ White beet. 
 
 Selk and Selka with the article make Acelga. 
 
 Accmite <-\s-^ ^^^^ flower. - 
 
 Scmeed in Arabic is, with the article, Aze- 
 mite. 
 
 Ajotc iaj^ Sawt A Scourge. 
 
 Acena 
 
I 
 
 ( 41 ) 
 
 Acena v' ^' A water-mill, 
 
 The Spaniards have changed Afeeab into 
 Acena. N. B. Afeeab is Periian and Arabic. 
 
 Acequia ^'U>I Canal, trench* 
 See A9acan above, and Sakeet, or Sakeea. 
 
 Ajofar Jua Sufr Copper. 
 
 Ajumbre yjjj A fmall Boat, or veffel 
 
 of content. 
 
 Zumber is a Perfian word, and may poflibly 
 be the original of the Spanilh meafure. 
 
 Alarde LKN^ ' The Review. 
 
 This word Ihould be written Ardh, or Ardd, 
 Ardz, or Ards, as the letters that cornpofe it are, 
 Ain, Ra, Dad. 
 
 Albarcpquc '^Vj-^ Apricock.' 
 
 This word is both Arabic and Perfian. 
 
 Albarda 
 
( <2 ) 
 
 I 
 
 Albarda t^^ and (A^ 'j Poft horfes. 
 
 Beftia de albarda, Beaft t)f burden ; Albarda h 
 iifcd aifo for a faddle. 
 
 Albarrati ^1^ ( Tht Faffing, or Paft. 
 
 A paffenger in life without a fixed abode, or 
 ccrtum domipilium. Perfian. 
 
 Albeytar j^U^-J Farrier. 
 
 Beetaur 15 the prdntinciation of this word. 
 
 Alblharea j^^ NarciiTus. 
 
 This word is fpelt, Ain, Ba, Ha, Ra, and pro- 
 nounced Abher. 
 
 Albogue ^J^ Flute or Pipe. 
 
 Albuk or book, is a name alfo given to a nian, 
 pleno rimarum, who c^n keep nothing, but tells 
 all he knows ; and on this account he rcfembles 
 an inftrument full of holes, 
 
 Alboi^no^t 
 
 ' f 
 
( 43 ) 
 
 Albornoz (j*^j^ Bumus. 
 
 A high crowned csep, worn in Spain formerly, 
 and Barbary. 
 
 Alboroque uJT^j-? Courage, joy. 
 
 Beraki is an animating ejaculation, ufed In 
 battle and in civil tranfaftions ; alfp in bargains 
 as a fee, or buona mano, to engage cuftomers. 
 It is abridged in Spanilh to Oques, which tty- 
 lors are forbid to receive of tradefmen for bring- 
 ing cuftomers to their fhops* 
 
 Albricias Ok:!T^ A Blefling. 
 
 Bereek is a kind of dilh made of dates and but- 
 ter, and means abundance. In Spaniih it is ufed 
 to fignify a reward for good news, 
 
 Alcaqar ^'-^^ Caftle. 
 
 Coins arc often faid to be ftruck in the hyfn, 
 which is the fame as the hyfar in this place* 
 The Hha of the Arabians is here changed into a 
 ^t The hylh is the arx, ior' citadel of a towni 
 
 Alcajar, 
 
( 44 ) 
 
 Alcagar, Quiver in Barbary is the great caftle. 
 JCebeer . jAa/. 
 
 Alcahueta CJ^Ij/ Bawd. 
 
 Kuwaudet has undergone fome alteration in 
 paffing into Spain, and appears to have loft a ra- 
 dical Jettef . 
 
 Alcala AjJjj Caftle. 
 
 Kllla is a frontier town or fortification, and 
 thence the proper name of feveral ; for inftance, 
 Alcala de Heneras-Realrde Guadayra in Anda* 
 lufia — De Xivert in Valencia, Alcala del Rio, 
 ^wo or three leagues from Seville, up the river 
 on the qppofite fi^e. — De los Gazules near Me- 
 dina Sicjonica in Andalufia. Alcala az Ghazee, 
 f he caftle of the brave, 
 
 Alcantara CLJ^ko Bridge. 
 
 The plural is Kintaur, and Kinteret the fip- 
 gular. Alcantarilla is a town in Murcia, Alcan- 
 tara is in Eftremadura, on the Tagus, where a 
 b/idge was built by Trajan, fix hvinc^re^ 'an4 fe-, 
 r ^ ventj' 
 
( 45 ) 
 
 vcnty feet long, twenty-eight feet wide, of fix 
 arches, and ftill remains, 
 
 Alcanzia ej1j> Chak. 
 
 A chink, or fiflurc of a money-box. 
 
 Alcaravea Mj'/' Carraway feeds. 
 
 Kerawia is Perfian for carraway-feeds, and 
 written Kerawia and Kerawiet, Carum carvi. 
 
 Alcana ajI=^ Exchange. 
 
 The houfe of exchange, houfe of cuftoms. 
 
 Do Khana, Town-houfe. Dogana, like Do 
 Khana, lord of the village. 
 
 Alcarria 5!/.^ Cottage. 
 
 Khergah is a cottage, or moveable Turcoman 
 hut in Perfian, alfo a royal pavillion,*telek ifliti- 
 bah, high like heaven. 
 
 Alcarraza A/ij I J^ Pinched pitcher. 
 
 Khyrauiheh means a fqueeze, and hence a 
 pitcher for cooling water, pinched, or thumbed 
 in the making. 
 
 Alcarta^ 
 
( 46 ) 
 
 Alcartaz ^j^liaJ Cornet. . 
 
 Kartas is a paper cornet, or paper rolled round 
 the hand, open at the top, and pinched iharp at 
 the other end, to hold bonbons, or fweetmeats. 
 
 Alcavola i}j^ Receiving. 
 
 Kebul, receiving, hence Gabella of the Ita- 
 lian, and Cavala of the Spanifli. 
 
 Alcauci uJ^i j\sL Thiftle. 
 
 Khar is thiftle, and Shuk a. prickly ftirub. 
 Shuk mabaurck is Carduus Bencdidus. The 
 Spaniards have dropped the laft letter of the 
 Arabic. 
 
 Alcayata ^CLa^w Peg. 
 
 Kheetut is pin, or pole, in Arabic. The Spa- 
 niards have fo changed the words of the Moors, 
 as in fome inftances to endanger their identity. 
 This may be accounted for in moft cafes by their 
 writing them as they pronounced them. 
 
 Alcaydc 
 
1 47 ) 
 
 Alcayde ^^^^li A Judge, 
 
 Kadi or Kazi, a Mayor-kadi flieher, Judge of 
 the city. Kadi lehaujaut, Judge of the wants of 
 men ; this is a name given to God. Kadi aflcer 
 Judge of the array, a General of an army, 
 
 Alcoba ^J3 Alcove. 
 
 Kubbeh is an arch or vault. 
 
 Alcofa ^j)j^ Baiket- 
 
 Koofeh is a baikct in Perfian. And in Arabic 
 a round mound of fand, like a turban, and the 
 city of Kufa in Chalda^a. The Arabic proverb, 
 I believe, has been miftaken by t}ie Lexicogra- 
 phers when they render it ^iy^ ^ j 'SSj'J aj «x>^ 
 leefa ba tufet, waw la kufct. ^' There is no vice 
 in him.** Tlie meaning as I take it is, *^ He hag 
 neither cap nor tuft," nee cufa^ nee tufa. Sal- 
 mafius, who has written a long note on cufa and 
 tufa, p. 544. Auguftas Hiftoriae Script, would 
 have faid the fame thing, had he known this pro* 
 verb. From cufa comes coifFe, and from tufa tuft. 
 
 Sec 
 
( 48 ) 
 
 Sec Meninfki, and Richardfon in «3iij/ kufa.— * 
 Tawfet is excefs, or overtopping, as a tuft does 
 a cap. 
 
 Alcohol <J-3:^ Powder of Antimony i 
 
 . Kehel is a collyrium for colouring the eye- 
 brows. 
 
 Alcorqa (j*^y^ Lozenge. 
 Khers is a delicacy, fuch as meat prepared for 
 a marriage. 
 
 Alcrebite 0\j|->/ Sulphur. 
 
 Kibreet is fulphur ; Kibreet ahmer the Philo-^ 
 fopher's ftone, or red fulphur. 
 
 Alcuna or Alcurnia gOJjjjj Family, race. 
 
 Khorundeh or Alcurndeh is, with the omiffion 
 of the Dal or D, the correfponding word in Ara- 
 bic to the Spanifh, and means the family, by 
 way of diftindlon, as firnamcs are wont to be 
 noted on account of fomc great and excellent 
 quality, as Guzman el bueno a title given him 
 for his defence of Tarifa in Andalufia. 
 
 Alcuza 
 
( 49 ) 
 
 Alcuza ^\j3 Oil-pot. 
 
 Kazan is an oil-jar if you will, or a pot, or 
 cauldron in Perfian. 
 
 Alcuzcuz UJu*AJ> A Pafte of flower 
 
 and honey. 
 
 Aldava v^U ^'<3 Knocker of a door. 
 
 Aldek bab has been altered into Aldaba, and 
 fo changed that the Moors could not "know them 
 again. Di boni quid hoc morbi eft ? adeone 
 verba immutarier ex barbarie, ut non cognofcas 
 eadcm eflc. Ter. Eunuch. 2. 1. ig. 
 
 Aldea 5O Village. 
 
 Deh is a town or village. The Perfians call a 
 great man, Deh khoda. Lord of the village. 
 
 Addiza a>^c^ Small fticks. 
 
 Defe are two flender bits of wood, belonging 
 to a loom. The Moors gave this name to the 
 brufh-wood in Spain about Toledo. 
 
 ; . E Alheli 
 
( ^0 ) 
 
 Alheli ^^J^ Violet 
 
 Helec is a herb, going out of flower. Alheli, 
 y Alfaqui tanto por el al primero, como por el I 
 en que acaban, fon conocidos por Aravigos. Al- ^ 
 heli, and Alfaqui, are known to be Arabic, as 
 well by the Al prefixed, as by the final I. Don 
 Quixote, part. iv. lib. viii, c. Ixvii. 
 
 Alerz l^J Cedar* 
 
 Urs or Urus is the Earth or Cyprefs-tree, 
 See Ezekiel de Ercz. c. xxxi. and Arboretum 
 Urfini, vol. i. p. 286. Erez is the general He- 
 brew name for all cone-bearing trees. 
 
 Alexixa i»jcLl Sort of Saufage, -. 
 
 Akheekhet is properly a pafte of flour and but- 
 ter, or flour and oil. 
 
 Alfahar jlzbJ Potter's clay. 
 
 Fckhar means Potter's clay, or earthen vef- 
 fels and alfo boafting, glorying, which is an at- 
 tribute of man, who is but clay in the hand of 
 
 the 
 
( 51 ) 
 
 the Potter. The Spaniards call the fhop where 
 the potter works, Alfahar, In this word the 
 Kha of the Arabians is changed into the Hha, 
 and in Alcazar the Hha was made a Kha. 
 
 Alfajeme j>^^ Surjeon, or Barber* 
 
 Haujem, here the Hha or fuil letter is made 
 anF. 
 
 Alexu Q^3::ouo Confedlons. 
 
 In the Spanilh word the M is dropped, and 
 the final N left out, and without the article it 
 is Aju, in which the Arn of A is made F, and 
 the Jim or foft G an X or Kha. Majun fignifies 
 tneaded, and an eleduary, or contedlion.j 
 
 Alfalfa UULa. Trefoil grafs. 
 
 Helfa is a water herb, to which the Moors or 
 the Spaniards, gave the name of Trefoil, or 
 clover, from its quality of affoclation, or grow- 
 ing three together; hence we get the word, in 
 Engliih Help. The F is here again fubftitutcd 
 for H. And for Alhulefa we fii^d Alfalfa. 
 
 E2 Alfamar 
 
(^ ) 
 
 Alfamar j\yc^s^ Coverlet. 
 
 Jamwaur. The F is put for the foft G as well 
 as the H. 
 
 Alfaqui AAJti Doctor of Laws* 
 Fukeeh, learned in the laws. 
 
 Alfaqueque ViTlXl Liberating a Slave. 
 
 Alfaneque O^-o Eating up the whole, 
 
 leaving nothnig. 
 
 Fanook, a ipecics of hawk. 
 
 Alfayata C^laLcai. Woman-taylor. 
 Kheeatut means fewing, from Kheeat a needle. 
 
 Alfenique uXXy Long and Slender. 
 
 Tenk or tunuk joined with Nan is thin paftc. 
 Here Ta, or T is changed to F. 
 
 r Alferczia U^'t^ The red difeafc. 
 VX»l^iJI^U narelferas, St. Anthony's fire. - 
 
 Alfareck 
 
( 53 ) 
 
 Alfareck u^'t^ ■'^^^• 
 
 Feralh is a couch or bed on which you lie, 
 Khefte wa faheb feralh, (he is) fick and keeps his 
 bed. Ferafh is alfo a fpreader of carpets and 
 cufliions in Perfian and Arabic. 
 
 Alforja „2k Wallet. 
 
 Kheij is a cloak, bag, or portmanteau. 
 
 Algalia AaJLc Civet. 
 
 This is one of the few words that have under- 
 gone little or no change in their tranfmigration. 
 
 Algana Ui Abounding with herbage. 
 Ghena will mean grafs of any fort. 
 
 Algarada Tfjlt Tumultuary marauding. 
 Gharct is rapine, plunder, deceit. 
 
 Algarbc Vjj^ — Vj^ '^^^ Weft. 
 
 A province to the South of Portugal, called 
 Algarve. 
 
 E 3 Algarei 
 
( 54 ) 
 
 Algares ^i Den, cavity- 
 Ghar, the focket of the eye. 
 
 Alger ^jj) Lime, mortar, zecre. 
 
 Algips f^w^^^ Plaftcr. 
 
 Gypfum we have frojn jibs. 
 
 Alguafil (S^j Serjeant. 
 Alwaiyl, ox wefeel. 
 
 Alhaja Cii^l^a^ Neceflaries. 
 
 Haje, neceflarles, furniture. 
 
 Alhamar -^2s».I Red. 
 
 Ahmer, red, barbarous not Arabian* Elah*^ 
 Therani, the two reds. Wine and Flelh. 
 
 Alhambra ^(.j ^^ Care, free. 
 
 Pern bera, fans fpuci, is the true interpretation 
 of the name of the caftle Alhambra, which all 
 travellers have miftaken by interpreting it red 
 
 ^z 
 
( ^5 ) 
 
 caftle from its colour, and leaving out the Ba ot 
 B, which makes it l-^a^. hemra red. 
 
 Alhanduque ^(JJcL A ditch round, a 
 
 fortified. 
 
 Alkhendek is a part of the city of Toledo, ly- 
 ing between hills in a hollow called Alhanduk. 
 
 Alhelga x\^ Fiflure in the fecft, the fpacc 
 between the teeth not 
 clofed. 
 
 Alhclga. To produce this word the Kef or 
 fecond K of the Arabians is foftened to an H, and 
 the Ain or A is afpirated. 
 
 Alhena U:^ A dye from a plant. 
 
 Hynna dyes the fingers of a beautiful flefh red. 
 The rofy fingered morn we read of in Homer is, 
 perhaps, from Lawfonla inermis, or Egyptiaft 
 privet. The Spinofa afforded a yellow die (ot 
 the nails of the Mummies. 
 
 Alholbas ^xJc^ Fenugreek. 
 
 Helebet arc milky herbs, of which goats are 
 E4 fondt 
 
( 50 ) 
 
 fond. Hclbet is Trigonella, a diadelphous de« 
 
 candrious phnt, between I-»otus and Medicago 
 of Linnaeus. 
 
 Alhocigo Oixi^i Piftachio. 
 
 Fiftec is the word 'which the Spaniards call 
 hoclgo. 
 
 Alhonhiga ViTjOca^ A Shop. - 
 
 A pit or ditch in the ground, in which a man 
 works at his trade. See Alhanduque>.. 
 
 Alhomra f^^^ A Carpet from its colour. 
 
 Hcmra is red, 
 
 Alhori 
 
 ^sL. A heap, or pile. 
 
 Khere is a heap of corn* or bricks,;in a bam, 
 or fubdio, qr in ,a building, fomctimes written 
 Alhori, 
 
 Alhuzema and Aluzema ^jj Pot herbs. 
 We/em is a bunch of pot herbs. 
 
 Aljafuna 
 
( 57 ) 
 
 Aljafuna ^.Xx^ Bafon. 
 
 Jefnet is a difli or faucer of a large fizc. 
 
 Aljuma l.^ Affembly. 
 
 Jcma is a large body of people. cbllefted tOf 
 gether. 
 
 Aljamia ^iS^ Spanifli. 
 
 Jemeea, a number of people talking together, 
 a jargon, which the Arabians called Spanifli, or 
 gerrlconqa. 
 
 Aljaruz U^;^ ^ '^^^'^ ^^^'* 
 
 Jiris, a bell, either large or fmalK 
 
 Aljava AAACii^ Quivei. 
 
 Javet and nbf Java Is the Arabic word. Jaba 
 or Java is throwing on the ground,. 
 
 Allqaqe q^IxniI Foundation. 
 
 Afas means foundation, afa fu'I loghat is a 
 grammar, afafu'I feeafet ground work of policy, 
 
 - Alicates 
 
( 58 ) 
 
 Alicates LjU Pliers, pincers. 
 
 Leket is, taking up minute fubftances from 
 the ground. 
 
 Allqeres j^] Tile, 
 
 Ejur, made icer with the^addition of es. 
 
 Aljemofao ^j l^-Sr^ Pedlar. 
 
 Kumbeha beea, a buyer of fmall wares. Kem 
 is pronounced foft, Jemi, and Beha is loft in 
 Beea, which is changed into fao, 
 
 Aljifar JLLseJI Seed, pearl. 
 
 At Jul far, a port in the Perfian Gulf, was a 
 pearl fiflitary, "*vhich gave the name to this word. 
 The Spaniards afked the Moors, where they 
 got their feed-pearls ; the Moors anfwered. El 
 Julfan 
 
 Aljofayna V^^^** Earthenware, 
 
 Jilf isa veffel or jar, a repofitQiy. The Lam 
 or L is dropped in both thefe words. 
 
 Aljuba 
 
( SQ ) 
 
 Aljuba US A Garment. 
 
 Keba is a fliort Tunick open before, in the 
 paftem falhlon* The Kaf or K is foftcncd into 
 Jim or G. 
 
 Almacan {^l^\ Almakauiw- The place 
 }s a to\?vn in Gaftille. 
 
 Almagro Juf Acifl. 
 
 Meker means four, a name which the Moors 
 gave Almagro in Caftille near Calatrava, and Ci'^ 
 udad Real, on account of hard water that wa$ 
 unfit for ufe, becaufe it had an acid in it com- 
 bined with an ablbrbent earth. 
 
 Almalafu w-jcLo Veil. 
 
 MuIefF, is a blanket or any thing in which you 
 ^rap yqurfelf up going to fleep. 
 
 Almanaque ^j^l^J ! The New Month. 
 
 Ahnanack has been varioufly derived. See 
 
 Johnfon. But moft frequently from two lan- 
 
 tJA Stages, 
 
C 60 )) 
 guages, which is inadmiffible. The Britifh En- 
 cyclopedifts fay pofitively, tjiat it comes from Al 
 and Manach, ^ diary iji Arg.bic ; without fliew* 
 ing that Manach is Arabic for Diary. In this 
 obfcurity and unafcertained ftate of the word, I 
 venture to fay, that Almanach came originally 
 frorn Al mah ^u, or nevv month, that is, the firfl: 
 jTionth of the year in the Perfian language, in 
 which we have Maheenet, monthly. 
 
 Almandarahe b^O U-yo Harbour of the lea. 
 
 Mecna dereea is Arabic in the firfl: word, and 
 Perfiatt in the fecond ; ^s in Dereea muheet, the 
 fe^ furfounding, or all around ; Dereea is Per- 
 fiail' and Muheet Arabic, both together are a 
 phrafe for the Ocean, or immenfe lea; Bini- 
 haect, intcjrminable. 
 
 Una eft immenfi Coerula fonna rnaris^ Ovip. 
 
 Almaxia L^j^ciw Garment. 
 
 Mekheeut is fewed, not wove in one piece, 
 like the hauks, or hakes of Barbary. 
 
 Almazen i^j^-^ A Storc-houfc. 
 Mekhzen is a magazine. 
 
 Almaden 
 
( 01 ) 
 
 Almaden i^O^x^ Mine. 
 
 Madin alfezf ti*l Kelam, a mine of excel- 
 lence and oratofyi or dfotorical excellence, 
 
 Almena j[X^ Tower or battlement. 
 
 Menar is a turret, and from this word the 
 Spaniards may have' got Almena with the lofs of 
 the laft letter : the proof of this lies in the^ext. 
 word but one, Almenara, a beacon, i^braha, 
 king of Arabia Felix, was called Zu'lmenar, 
 from having firft ereded beacons, as' direffion 
 ports, for his return from Uninhabited diftricls, 
 through which he pafTed to wiage war. Miriailr 
 and Minaret are this word differently fpert,"as 
 the turret of the Mofque. 
 
 '? 
 
 Almotoli <Jh^ An Oil-pot 
 
 Mohul is the mother or dregs of oil, frbrn 
 which may have been made Motoli and Motoli'a. 
 
 Almifcle (^iC^H» Mulk. 
 
 Galceat muik, is civet mufk; and mufk fa- 
 bunee, muOcy foap-bal!. 
 
 Almivar 
 
( 6i ) 
 
 Almivar ^jI L« Juice of preferved fruit. 
 
 Ma aber is juice of confedions, or fruit pre- 
 ferved by fugar. The two words are made one 
 ia Spaniih. 
 
 Almocaden 9c^lJu« Led. 
 
 Mekadet means led, conducted ; hence a cap- 
 tain, or leader. 
 
 Almoqafrc jjjij A Dibble. 
 
 Zafiret is properly the tip of the arrow, and 
 Mozafiret the fame. So long ago as Henry the 
 Vlllth's time, Gerard Piatt propofed improve- 
 ments in hufbandry which were repeated by 
 Fitzherbert, fuch as dibbling the feed, and ufing 
 two ploughs in light lands, and many others 
 now brought forward as difcoveries, though, by 
 the pracSice of the Arabians, they are no more 
 fo now than they were then. 
 
 Almocrcbc^ cvc *is^Ji^ Mulc-drivcr. 
 
 Mukra-at is a whip, or fcourge, with which 
 the mule may be driven. 
 
 Almofia 
 
( 63 ) 
 
 Almofia 5 Louo Any thing hollo Wed out, 
 Mefeeat a bafon, a recefs, or alcove. ^ 
 
 Almofrcz ^ yu A Cafe, large, opcrt. 
 Mefrij, or muferej, a cafe like a pillpw. 
 
 Almogavates Jjlj^ M^lraudcrs. 
 
 A houfeman, who runs here and there for fo- 
 rage and plunder, in Arabic Mughawur. 
 
 Almohaqa Aw^s^L^JI Curry-comb. 
 
 From Hefle, to wipe the duft from a horfc, 
 to curry and drefs cattle^ 
 
 Almohada ^OJi^ Corner. 
 
 Amak and Mukdem are both corners, from 
 whence this word feems to come, by a change, 
 ^s in tlie preceding, of K into H. The latter 
 librans a pillow in Spanilh, and in Arabic the 
 part of the head projeding between the ears. 
 
 Almohino 
 
( 64 ) 
 
 Almohino {j^^ Vexing, fretting, 
 
 Almojarra ^ j> Earthen pitcher, 
 
 Jarreh is a jar with a great belly, and called 
 alfo Alcariafa. Carafe is French, and both Ara- 
 bic and Perfian. ^j^ Khezef by the change of 
 Z into Ra. 
 
 Almud cX^ Halfabulhel. 
 
 Mudd, a meafure, whence the cuftom houfc 
 at Valencia, where all the corn is fold, is called 
 Almudi, 
 
 Almuerqo Kj^iyo Breakfaft. 
 
 Muryz is falling rigidly, which the Spaniards 
 ufe to fignify the breaking of it, or the conclu- 
 fion. 
 
 Aloja ij^\J Mead made of honey, 
 
 iuwas, pronounced Aloha. 
 
 Aloque 
 
( ^ ) 
 
 Aloque ia)hL, Pale wine, neither white 
 
 nor red. 
 
 Aloque is faid to be from the Arabic Halaque, 
 a mixttrre. Khylaut is a - mixture, whleh/^by 
 foftenlng the KHa will be Halaut'not Hakqti«JHi 
 
 Alpuxarras ^t^ Uncultivated mountains. 
 
 The Aibujarfas are a gfe^t chain of hills in the 
 kingdoiii o^^ranada, feventcen. leagues long and 
 twenty rwifle, difficult of accefs, unprodudive, 
 and barren, for want of cultivation, as the name 
 imports.;;..hut now fruitful, owing to the induf- 
 try of the Moors that turned Chriftians, and 
 have inhabited them fince the expulfion, 
 
 Alquerme (^j^'i Grains of the Scarlet Oak. 
 
 The Kermes, or Coccus' llicis, abounds in 
 many parts of Spain toward^ Alicant and Valen- 
 cia, in Murcia, Seville, la Mancha, . ant! in' Ser* 
 ranias de Cuenqa, Women are employed to ga- 
 ther the Kermes, who let theirnails grow fpr the 
 purpofe of picking it with greater facility. The 
 
 F French 
 
( M ) 
 
 I^rcnch word Cramoify, is ncarcfl: the Arabic 
 term. 
 
 Alquilej* L/ Hire* 
 
 Kira, is alfo the origin of our Englilh word. 
 Hire, from the Arabic through the Saxon, 
 Hyran. 
 
 Alquimia ^tS^ Alchymy. 
 
 Kemeea. The true chymiftry is tcner rcnta, 
 to have an eftate, y no gaftar nada, and fpend 
 nothing, which, whoever has and does, will be 
 lUre to get the philpfopher's ftone and grow rich. 
 
 Alembique ^— ^"^tV^^' A StilL 
 
 Anbeek is pronounced Ambeek. 
 
 Alquitira ^r^ Gum Tragacanth. 
 
 Kuteereh, is Gum Tragacanth, and Kutre pc- 
 trd/ Gum Arabic, 
 
 Alquitran o'j^ Liquid Pitch. 
 
 Kctran, in Perfian, is Naptha, a liquid fub-* 
 
 llaucc 
 
( or) 
 
 ftancc flowing out of the earth, ufed inftead of 
 pitch or tar. See fprings of it in Perfia, on the 
 Cafpian, in Calabria, Sicily, Modena, and Ame- 
 rica, it is oftentimes colourlefs, always highly 
 inflammable, odoriferous, and oily; fpecific gra- 
 vity from 0,708 to 0,84?. 
 
 Altaquc kJOj A Wicker Baflcet. 
 " 'fenk, ind notTaquc, is the Arabic word. 
 
 Alfanega iJikj A Net for won?ien's hair. 
 Bineket, means the opening of a bag, or fack. 
 
 Alvanil Iju A Mafon, or Builder. 
 
 Binna, is a Builder ; and Kargera, Labourer, 
 ^nd Mamar, an Archite<S. Alvanil is a diminu- 
 tive of Albinna. 
 
 Alveria z^03 Po^l^ or Pond, 
 
 Wergah, a Pond. 
 
 Alvendera cXo A Goffiping, Rambling 
 
 Woman. 
 
 Fend, may be the root of this word, and it 
 means, Vain words, trifles, age, nonfenfe, &c. 
 
 F2 Albaqim 
 
Albaquia (^^ Rcfiduc; 
 
 Bakee, in the conclufion of letters, is, as to 
 the reft WeYTalem, farewell; or Bakcc wcddua^ 
 arfd with this adieu. 
 
 Almanza o/JLf Foundation, Level, Plain, 
 
 A village, in New Caftillc, at the extremity of 
 a vaft plain, famous for a viftory, which fixed 
 Philip v. firmly on the throne of Spain. 
 
 " Alhurreca OoLc; Foam of the Sea. 
 
 Rughaeeut, is alfo the fait froth that exudes 
 from the roots of canes. 
 
 Alhorrc ioj'-i'^' Tetter. 
 
 Pureeun, is a running tetter, or ring- worm, a 
 difcafe of the nails, from Purrc is Horre, and the 
 
 hift iyllablc dropped, 
 
 Alquaqucngi /^Xljo Cockle. 
 
 . Alkekcngi, is the Winter Cherry in Tournc- 
 fort, and the trivial of Phyfalis in Linnaeus. 
 
 Kengi 
 
( 69 ) 
 
 Kengi in Perfian is Dumbnefs, which this plant 
 perhaps produces, e'qually with the Solanum 
 Maximum, and Somniferum, of the French bo- 
 tanifts. The name of Cockle, or Coqueret, is 
 given to it from the whirls of its fruit, Frudu 
 parvo verticillato. 
 
 Anacala %X:L (jU Drawing out Bread. 
 
 Anacala is a name given to an oven-drawer, 
 and to the board on which the bread is laid. From 
 Nankhela, nacala has moft probably been made. 
 
 Anagaqa ULi (^U A Bird-call, 
 
 Ghaga is the cry of a bird, which the pipe 
 imitates. Here are two words (^U naee and 
 Itlt ghaga, which mean the pipe-call, and are 
 united in Spanifli, and make one by prefixing an 
 A, as in the preceding word. 
 
 Anafilar ^X- (^^U Hautboy, 
 
 Naee filar, two words not compounded, but 
 fignifying a pipe of a reed. 
 
 F3 Anori^ 
 
( 70 ) 
 
 Anoria ^Ul Wells. 
 
 Abaur IS the plural of Beer, of which Anoria 
 has been made to fignify a wheel at a well, for 
 pots to draw up water, as in Norc^en's plj^]te. 
 
 Anzel JUUf Decree, or decifipn of wife iijen, 
 by way of fentence, verfe, or 
 faying, worthy of repetition. 
 Imfal means, befide other things, an order to 
 
 punifli; by way of e5Uimple> Imfool, alfo is a 
 
 wife fentence. 
 
 Arrabal OdjJ\ City, Suburb. 
 
 Albeled, a town, or diftrift. The laft radical 
 is left ojit. 
 
 Arramblado ^J^j Gravelled. 
 
 Beml, isfand, or gravel, on which theEe^ftern 
 nations write ; a particular fort is ufed by tl^e 
 Arabians, called Ulm u'l renil, fcience of the 
 fand, on which they teach their children tQ 
 write, and they themfelves draw figures and di- 
 
 agram^f 
 
in) 
 
 agrams, caft nativities, foretell future events, 
 »nd pretend to prophecy, 
 
 Arroz jj\ BIcc. 
 
 Arrabon piaiv Pledge, Pawn. 
 
 Arrha Arrabon, is Hebrew* See Gen* 
 xxxviii, 17. 
 
 Arracadas -y Cheek-ornaments. 
 
 Rukh, a Cheek, decorations of the cheek are 
 pendants of the ear and the nofq, 
 
 Arracife \jJ^\Joj Caufeway. 
 
 A road paved with pebbles. Rezraz. 
 
 Araex \,u»jj Mafter, of a veflel, 
 Reefa jehaufc, Captain of a Ihip. 
 
 Ataud cXLt Coffin. 
 
 Atud, is a wooden box, Tabut, is alfo a cof*. 
 fin ; and ouip v^ord Kefcn means, in Arabic, dead 
 clothes, and a winding-lheet. 
 
 F 4 Aximenes 
 
( 72 ) 
 
 Aximenes o'-r^' ?"^^y pl^c^* 
 Afuman is Heaven, which is here put for <i 
 warm funny place, by the additit)n ofa Spanilh 
 ternnlnation. 
 
 • Aximefes ^W:kl Proje<?ling cxti-emities that 
 
 overhang a houfe. 
 
 Alchfani, iaxc; eav^s c^f a houfe in gjjai>ifh,.y Ob- 
 fervc, that in Aximenes the X is an S, and in 
 Xxniefes the Tame letter is' iCh: 
 
 Axufayna ^^JUuw( Earthen ware. 
 
 Afufaln, is a potter's yeflel, or bafon of ba]ced 
 earth. The Spanifli word ends in Fayna. 
 
 Azaleia c:Jlj( A Towel. 
 Azalet means wiping, effacing, 
 
 Azar ^l^lj! Orange-flower. 
 
 Azar is flowers. Azhar defte in Perfian is.a^ 
 npfcgay. 
 
 Azai^r 
 
( n ) 
 
 Azaur j\j\ Misfortune. 
 
 Azarcan oUj*^ Le^d. 
 
 Surfaun, lead, is Zarcon with an A prefixed, 
 the F changed to a C, and called Red lead^ 
 which is another word beginning not with a Sad,, 
 but a Seen, a different fort of S. Surenj. 
 
 Azavache AA>i Jet, 
 
 Shubuh has been changed into Azavache, by 
 making the Sh a Z, and prefixing an A, and 
 turning the B into a V, and He or H into Che, 
 
 Azarote , ejjj J^^ S^rcocolla. 
 
 Anzuroot is exadly the Gum Sarcocolla, be- 
 ing an Arabic term for a Perfian gum, or bal- 
 fam, faid to be excellent for the clofing of 
 wounds, whence its name Flefh-glue. 
 
 Azemila 
 
 ^^ Baggag( 
 
 t Mule, 
 
 Shimillet is 
 
 a camel. 
 
 
 Azero 
 
 V^-^^^«fi.ai 
 
 .^teel. 
 
 , i^crdchul is Steel in Perfian, and Zerd is in 
 
 Arabic 
 
( >4 ) 
 
 Arabic a Coat of Mail, from -which, perhaps, 
 the Spanill^ may be derived, 
 
 Aziago ijjl Unluckily. 
 
 Azeegh is Melancholic, from chagrin and 
 misfortune; 
 
 Azicates wi'LiI Spurs. 
 
 A^ezak means, caufing to fpring forward, 
 >pxprefled Azic with Ates added to it. 
 
 A^pgue OU/J Quick-filvcr. 
 
 Zeebuk is Qaickiilvef . 
 
 Azoguc ^jj' Market. 
 
 Azukeh, iignifies Provijiions, viftuaU cxpofcd 
 Xo falc. 
 
 B, 
 
 B0K9EGU1 AcJ^ Buikin. 
 
 Borzeghe, is alfo a Skin, or Pannel-cloth to 
 ride on hy way of faddle, from Panneau in 
 French, Cct ane a ni felle, ni panneau. 
 
 Barragan 
 
( 75 ) 
 
 Barragan jUCj Batchelof • 
 
 Bekar is an unmarried perfon, from M^hlcb, 
 by inverfion, Barrag is formed inftead of Bagar^ 
 
 Bellota Ipjh Acorn, 
 
 Bellut is an Acorn and an Oak. Shabellut^ 
 the Royal Oak. 
 
 Benalaque ^ Ui Farm-houfc iiv a 
 
 vineyard. 
 
 Bina lukh, a building of cane, a cottage, or 
 lodge in a vineyard, during vintage-time, called 
 ii^ Perfian Sepenj, a lodge for thofe who watch- 
 fields. See Ifaiah i. 8. 
 
 Borrah J j Striking out, effacing. 
 
 Berah means ending, finiftilng, and here Bor* 
 rah is, to caufc to be no more, by blotting out 
 anderaling, .^^ m':o 
 
 Balcpflt 
 
( 7« ) 
 
 falcon ^ ^'Uk^t^ Balcon. 
 
 ^; 3al^kh.auneh is a Gallery, or Balcony at the 
 t<^p of ;t|ie Jioijfc. Bal^kh^uneb /wizarct mcans> 
 the Balcon Vizcer, or head minifter. 
 
 c. 
 
 Caqador de Alfbrja. See Alforja, in its 
 place, the hunter of th^ wallet, 
 
 CadlHos D^bn; Fringes. 
 
 The fiiaggy end of any thing wove, is in Her 
 brew Gu^ilim. See Deuteronomy xxii. 12. and 
 Jnftita in tlatin, a border, and 1 Kin^s vii. 17. 
 
 Cafila Ox^li Caravan. 
 
 Zlaferia Jj Village, or Colleftion 
 
 of People. 
 
 Kaufilut, 51 company of travellers. The Chief 
 of a Caravan, Kaufilut baflia. 
 
 Cjifio 
 
( 7i\ > 
 
 Cafio . . aj Is^ Not Speaking (Arabk). 
 
 Khafet is ccafing to fpeak, rude and unpb- 
 lifiiediij language. ^ 
 
 Zagal Jciui A Boy. 
 
 Zagal is a -Poftboy, ah(lir> Arabic, Sftekhel. 
 Leur ardeur (des rpules) fejrallentit-elle^ la za- 
 gal, qui eft comme fon poftlUon^ C dance du 
 brancard, les anime de la voix, et du fouet. p. 3. 
 V. 1. ed. ult. Bourgoing. :22 
 
 Zaguan ^^)[) A Porch, oi* Veftibuk. 
 
 Sazak has been altered into Zaguan app^rentljr^ 
 as there is no other word that I know in Arabic 
 or Perfian, beginning with qa for an entry to a 
 houfe. 
 
 Zahinas \j^,'^ Sops of Bread, Honey 
 
 and Water. 
 
 Zeeaun is Honey mixed with Water. The 
 powxr and found bf l6, or Da in Arabic, is Dth 
 which the Spaniards reprefent by Za. 
 
 Chiz 
 
( 76 ) 
 
 Cahi2t (j*-L^ A Mcafure* 
 
 Kceaus contains, in fomc places, twelve, in 
 others eight, in others fix Spanilh buflicls, or 
 Iianegas. 
 
 '.biCahon ^>il Breeches. 
 
 Aflium without the A, is Shum, which has 
 been made Shon. 
 
 Zahor J^) Whitenefs. 
 
 Zchr means whitenefs, beauty^ a flower. 
 
 Zahouri j^j A lie. 
 
 Zuhou means a cheat, a lie, of which Zahouri 
 has been made. 
 
 Zalea JU* Coarfe-mantlc. 
 
 Shal is a . furred cloak, a flieep's Ikin with 
 wool on it ; one alfo of wool and goatV hair, 
 worn by Dervlfes, one alfo made of filk and ca- 
 mel's hair. 
 
 Calipha 
 
( 7Q ) 
 
 Calipha »--Ol:i AYican 
 
 Abubeker fucceeded Mohammed, called Urn- 
 fcif, Vicarof the Prophet of God, Khalif. 
 
 Camboa ^s^*^^ A Citron. 
 
 The Spanilh word fhould be Zansoa* The 
 Perfian is Shemft. 
 
 Zanahoria j^ji^ Carrot, 
 
 Shoonder is Zanhor, with the Spanilji tcrmx- 
 pation. 
 
 Canja ^oJsf Foundations. 
 
 Kunde is an excavation. The 
 
 Caputa o^V.'^ Slippcn 
 Chapatan is a boot in Perfian. 
 
 Zaparron ^l^j v^lXJi Hard rain, falling 
 
 quick and haftily. 
 
 Shitaub baraun has been made Zabaraun, or 
 Zaparron, by dropping half of the firft word. 
 
 Carga 
 
( 80 ) 
 
 rlSki 
 
 Khar, a bramble. 
 
 ^rian 
 
 Carmefr 
 Kirmozee. 
 
 Crimfoii.\ 
 
 Cenid 
 
 CZ^^jM 
 
 Zenith. 
 
 Semtis the Zenith^ the point in the, heavens 
 dlredly over ohr heads,' and cx^a^I the Azimuth, 
 or the path. In aftronomy it is the Arch of the 
 Horizon, intercepted between the meridian of 
 the azinuith, or vertical circle pafling through 
 the centre of the object, w^hich is equal to the 
 angle of the Zenith formed by the meridian and 
 vertical circle. 
 
 Chinela ^^J^^^^ .Toe.of a Slipper. 
 
 Chenki muz is the toe of a flipper much ufed 
 in thehoufein Spain, called alfo Pauchelch. 
 
 Cid 
 
< SI ) 
 
 Cid O^y^ Lord, or Commander* 
 
 Seed was the name given by the Moors to the 
 famous Spanifh general, Roderic Diaz de Bivar, 
 and the Spaniards called him El Cid Ruy Diaz. 
 Ruy is Ihort for Roderic. 
 
 D. 
 
 Dados Icici Dice. 
 
 Dcdd means playing with dice, or cubes. 
 
 E. 
 
 En ERG ^Uu January. 
 
 Yeenaur, January. 
 
 F. 
 
 FuLANO AJ>XS Such a one. 
 
 The name of any unknown perfon. He, 
 Monfieur, chofe, what d'ye call him. This 
 word in the Spanifh did;ionarics is called Feloni; 
 Hebrew, which is Peloni ; but the Spanilh word 
 
 G is 
 
( 82 ) 
 
 is what the Moors brought into the country, and 
 not the Jews. The only tlifFerpnce .between the 
 two terms is in pronunciation, i.n which ,^he 
 Spanifh Fulano accords beft with the Arabic. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gibraltar <S^Ja}\jXj^ Gibraltar. 
 
 Gebelu 1 Tarek, the mountain of Tarek, where 
 the firfi Saracen Tarek landed, in his defcent 
 .upon Spain from the oppofit-e Ihore, in' the 
 year 7 1 0. » $ 
 
 Gineta 
 
 'v:i;Lo 
 
 AC; 
 
 ane Spear. 
 
 Kenat, a 
 
 Cane. 
 
 
 
 Guada 
 
 C^OI, 
 
 Channel 
 
 of a River. 
 
 Wadec. 
 
 
 
 
 Guadafion o! C^<^U Paflage of the Waters. 
 Wadee Abi. Guadafion is a rivc^ in Caftiile. 
 
 Guadahcnar 
 
( ^ ) 
 
 Guadahenar Ua^ (S^^J Water of the Ha- 
 ven, or Port. 
 
 Wadee meena, or Mouth of the river. 
 
 Guadajor J^^^ (S^U '^'^^ ^^^^^ ^^ Walnuts 
 
 in Andalufia, near 
 Cordova. 
 
 Wadee chuhaur, the river of four kernels ; 
 the w^ord Meghz is left out. The walnut is di- 
 vifible into quarters. 
 
 Guadaira b^I (^o!j River of Mills In 
 
 Andalufia.. 
 
 Arha is the plural of Reha, a Mill. 
 
 Guadaladiar j]i^ (S'^^J River of Houfes. 
 Wadee'ldar is in Andalufia. 
 
 Guadalaxara I^UL (S^^J River of Stones. 
 
 Wadee'lchara, a city in Caftille, on the banks 
 of the Henarcs. 
 
 G 2 Guadalbarro 
 
( 84 ) 
 
 Guadalbarro ^j[j iS^^J River of Bounds. 
 
 Bare is walls, ramparts, trench, palifade, and 
 Guadalbarro, fmall river, running down the 
 Sierra Morena. 
 
 Oiiadalbullon i}j^ (S^^J River of Daggers. 
 
 Bui or bul is a nofe, or a pointed inftru- 
 nient ; Guadalbullon is in the province of Jaen 
 rn Andalufia. 
 
 Guadalbunar jLs: o*^ C^<^U River of a Field 
 
 of Battle. 
 
 Wadee Bunjar or Bulbar, means alfo a place 
 where plenipotentiaries meet to fettle a treaty, 
 or a truce. 
 
 Guadalcana o*-^ CS^L? The River of Re- 
 creation. 
 
 Wadee khan is a river and a town in Anda- 
 lufia of reception for travellers, like a caravau- 
 ferai, 
 
 Guadalcrce 
 
Guadalerce y^^^ C^^'j ^^^'^^ ^^ Guard, 
 
 Wadee hers is a river of proteftion, or fron- 
 tier-guard in Granada, called alfo Guadalhorz^. 
 
 Guadalcrtin ^^^ (S^^J Muddy River. 
 
 Wadee teereh in Andalufia, with the infertion 
 of the article, as in the other words beginning 
 with Guada, has been changed from altereh 
 into alcrteh, and finally ertin. 
 
 Guadalefte ^U^..! (S^\j River of Turnips. 
 Wadee aftan is a river of roots in Granada. 
 
 Guad^lete A River in Andalufia, called 
 
 Lethe by the Romans, to 
 which the Moors prefixed 
 Guada, or "Wadee. 
 
 Guadalhorra jlt River of the Laurel. 
 
 Wadee ghar is a river on whofe banks laurels 
 grow in Andalufia. 
 
 G 3 Guadalimar 
 
( 86 ^) 
 
 Guadalimar .^2^! The Red Hivcr, 
 
 Alimer is rc4 : the Guadalimar falls into the 
 Guadalquivir. 
 
 Guaddmallete lJJI^-^ River of dangerous 
 
 holes, or places. 
 
 Mehalk is the plural of mehliket, called cor- 
 ruptedly Mallete. The Guadalmallete runs from 
 the Sierra Morena into the Guadalquivir. 
 
 Guadalmedina aXjJ^ River of the City. 
 
 Guadalmedina, in Andalufia, falls into the 
 fca near Malaga. 
 
 Guadalmelera ^U^ River of Inheritance. 
 
 Guadalmclera was once, and fliould be again 
 Guadalmeiera. The Arabic word is Meeras, 
 Guadalmeeras is a river in Andalufia. 
 
 Guadalquiton L3 River of the Cat. 
 
 Quadalket is in the bilhopric of Guadix, ii\ 
 ^ndnlufia, 
 
 Guadalquivir 
 
Guadalquivir .aa^ The great Rlvcrf- 
 
 Guadalkebeer falls into the fea five leagues be- 
 )ow Seville. 
 
 Guadamecil J^^uo^ River in Andalufia. 
 
 Qiiadamecil or miflaul is the river of hang- 
 ings, that is, where gilt leather for hangings, or 
 other ufes is made. 
 
 Guadarama i^^J Sandy River. 
 
 The Pafs of Guadarama, is fituated at the 
 top of the mountain, ^t whofe foot is the town, 
 nine leagues frpm Madrid. Properly Guadarem^ 
 or fandy river. 
 
 Guadarranque ^^ifl^^ River of Mares, 
 
 Guadarimak, Mares. The river is in the bi- 
 Ihopric of Cadix. 
 
 Quaderriza ^^j^^^ ., Rivqr of Lead. 
 
 - Guadarefas in the kingdom of Jaen. Refas 'k 
 tin, and lead ; and the former was called white 
 tin, and lead black tin. 
 
 G 4 Gaadarroman 
 
( 88 ) 
 
 Guadarroman (^U; River of Pomegranates. 
 
 Rummaun, is the Pomegranate, and the ri- 
 ver in the province of Andalufia, anid diocefe of 
 Cordova. 
 
 Guedaxira (^^s^^Lii River of much Meat* 
 
 Sherahee means meat. The Guadaxira is in 
 the province of Eftrcmadura. 
 
 Guadazanon iSj^ River of Bathing. 
 
 Shuee, waihing, Za ftands for Ihu, as we 
 have feen in Zagal put for Shekhel. The Guada- 
 zanon is in the diocefe of Cuenja, and kingdom 
 of Caftille. 
 
 Guadazclcte klj^j River of Prayers. 
 
 Zellat means errors, fms. Zellat u khetaeea, 
 flips, and offences, which beget prayers. Gua- 
 dazeletc is a river in the archbifliopric of To- 
 ledo. 
 
 Guadacenas 
 
i m ) 
 
 Guadacenas ^^j: River of Wolves^ 
 
 Heeb> or Zeeb, is a wolf, and probably the 
 word Ihould be Guadaccbes in the bifliopric of 
 Jaen, in Andalufia. 
 
 Guadiaro. See Guadalaviar, River 
 
 of Houfes. 
 
 H. 
 
 HoKRA ys^ Free. 
 
 Hyr is free, having been a flave. 
 
 Jarro ^j:^ Jar. 
 
 Jarre is a pitcher, Dar befos, y bcfitos al 
 jarro, to kifs the jar often, as in Perfian, Bus 
 daden ; and Na dar un jarro de agua is a Spanifl^ 
 faying, as in the Roman poet, and the Gofpel ; 
 not to give the fmalleft favour to any one, even 
 a cup of cold water. Juvenal accufes the Jews 
 of fliewing none but Jews the way to the welL 
 Sat. xiv. 104. Matt. x. 42. 
 
 r;:: -': . Jorro 
 
( 90 ) 
 
 Jorro ^sjw ^ - Drawing along. ^ 
 
 r:'LIevar la nave a jorro, to tow the veffcl 
 along ; in Arabic is exprefled by Jerr, towing the 
 ^Tiip. 
 
 L. 
 
 Loco \Jij} ' Mad. 
 
 Look is folly, ftupidity, in Arabic ; and 
 Lukhen fhe moon, in Perfian, as if the mad 
 were moon-ftruck^ 
 
 X-fOnja Asiv^j A long Piece, a Slice. 
 
 Lumjet, or lunjet, is what we call a lunch, or 
 luncheon, §ind the Arabpns, a wh^t ■^efpre din- 
 ner. Minfhew fenew .this ^§ far ^s thp Sp^wfli, 
 bi^t nothj^ig pf the. Arabj^ original. - 
 
 Majorca ji^ Flax on a DiflafF. 
 
 Zeer IS linum, or flax, and the Spanifh word 
 IS uled fcr as mucli as is uifually put on a diftafF 
 at one time. 
 <<. iioi Mancebo 
 
( 91 ) 
 Mancebp x^j^^J^^ A your.g Man, a, Boy^ 
 Menfub, relating to man. 
 
 Marrido cJ^.^ J-'Can, Maceirated, Fallen away, 
 Mered means diffolying, macerating. 
 
 Maravedi ^aIsjI^-o Maravedi. 
 Money of the dynafty Almoravidarum, in 
 Africa and in Spain, of fire princes. Abubeker, 
 fonofOmar, was the firft, 105Q. 
 
 N. 
 
 Natpes S-*^ Pl^ying-c^rds^ 
 Neef is excefs, furplus ; numbers from one to 
 three, and three to ten. Vide Giga^i Lexicon, et 
 Caftelli. From Nips in Spaniih, come Pips in 
 Englifli, or numbers of the cards. This is a clear 
 proof that cards are of Arabian invention •^. 
 
 ♦ The word Fifh for counters comcs from Pice, of which 
 eighty go to a rupee. See L'Abbc de la Rive fur rinventiqix 
 des Cartes k Jouer, 1780, a Paris, who fays N. P- are the 
 initials of Nicolo Pepin, who invented cards. See alfo Dic- 
 f ionario de la Leugua Caftellana, 1734; and Preface to the 
 Conformity of Oriental Languages. Ma fifti is no money, 
 aiid Pifhadet, in Perfian, before hand, means ready money. 
 
 Naranja 
 
( »2 ) 
 
 Naranja M^^jli Orange. 
 
 Narenj, an orange, Narengee of an orange co- 
 lour, both in Arabic and Perfian. 
 
 . Peon ^Lj Foot Soldier. 
 
 Pace is a ftep, -which is made by the Peon ^t 
 Chefs, or Pawn ; a Soldier is Sipah. 
 
 Qvtnjnr .-X:py To Thicken, Curdle. 
 
 Kejger means a plaifterer, and Kej mortar, or 
 
 plafter made of hme, iand, and water, thickened 
 
 to^i certain confiftcnce. Quajar is, however, 
 
 derived from the Latin, Coagulare, and Quajo 
 
 Rennet, from Coagulatio; whence comes alfo 
 
 our Quagmire, not as Johnfon fays, Quafi 
 
 Quakemire. The Spaniards are conftant in 
 
 .Cj^^nging the.L of, the Latins into I, confonant, 
 
 »(lF,^ ftiid the Fintb'Hy aa in Hijo from FiHus,. and 
 
 'I^iqjji/rQgg^f ^^ tlie'Portuguefc retain 
 
( 03 ) 
 
 the Roman F, and fay, Fidalgo> not HidaIgo>^ 
 with their neighbours. The Portuguefe change^ 
 the Roman L into R, in Ingres and Nobres. In 
 Hindoftan an Engliflimail is called after the Por- 
 tuguefe fafhion, Ingreez. The Arabian hlftori- 
 ans of the Cruzades, gave Richard Coeiirde Li- 
 on, King of England, the name of Angitar. The 
 Portuguefe, in changing L into R, only imitate 
 the Romans, who altered the Greek word As/^/ov 
 into Lillum, and when they Grascifed tlieir own 
 language, wrote Latiaris, Parilla, for Latialis and 
 Palllia, and (pp'xyeTJviov for Flagellum. See St. 
 John, c., Ji. V. 15. Evang. 
 
 Qucxigo f^^^ Wild Aih-trec. 
 
 Wefliij is not unlike Quefhige ; whence, as 
 the Spaniards pronounced it, making Sh a gut- 
 tural, and Waw a Q, Qucxigo. 
 
 Quilate 'SX^ Caraft. 
 
 Khelt means a carad, in Arabic Kyrat, fpelt 
 Kaf, Ra, Alif, Ta, and not Caradt, as in all dic- 
 tionaries. Kyrat is the twenty-fourth part of an 
 
 ounce ; 
 
( 94 ) 
 
 ounce ; it fignlfies alfo a bean or pca-fhell, a pod, 
 a hufk, or barley corn. 
 
 R. 
 
 Regaifa ^^Jitj Cake, Pafte, Clay. 
 
 Reghf is forming into cakes, or balls; hence 
 regaifa. 
 
 Rejo f^J^J Dart, Javelin. 
 
 Rejum is any thing thrown. Throwing ftones 
 at a rock in the valley of Mina, is a ceremony 
 performed by the pilgrims at Mecca, to reprefent 
 the ftoning of Lucifer from heaven, 
 
 Rafez U^^xi; Low, Left, Rejedlcd, 
 
 Rafeedz means left, and rejeded, like the Mo- 
 hammedan fed of Ali, or the Shiites, which pre- 
 vail in Perfia, called by the Turks Heretics, who 
 are themfelves adherents and followers of Sonna 
 or tradition. From the Spanifli Rafez comes our 
 cant term of Raffifli, low, mean. 
 
 Rezio 
 
( 95 ) 
 
 Rezio , (j*^-^j SoUd, Hard>ri;B 
 
 Refees is hard, firm, ftrong.^ 
 
 uiv>~ii\ uiin'r 
 
 JtS. n::f?i!r>'rn3 
 
 Saracenos ^— ^jw^ baracens. 
 
 The Saracens . wqi^e originally a people wl^p 
 lived by plunder, fuch as Virgil paints the inha- 
 bitants oF Nerfaj, Semperquc recentes conyeAare 
 juyat prsedas, et viyere rapto. Hence the name 
 of Saracen from Serek to fteal, or from the re- 
 gion of Arabia, nearcft Egypt, called Saraca, 
 according to Stephanus, Serikc kurdun is to rot 
 in Perfian, and Serket means by ftealth. 
 
 Sara9as, or Caracas, l^j) Crooked pins, or 
 
 fmall particles of 
 Gold in Meat to 
 choak People, 
 
 Zerfaw is a particle, or filing of gold ; as to 
 the ufe faid in the didionary to be made of thefe 
 pins, nothing is known. 
 
 Saratan 
 
( 08 ) 
 
 Sarat^i, or Zaratan, {^{JaM A Crab. 
 Surutaun is a Crab, and the figti Cancer. 
 
 Sar^ahan {j^jj Refembling Gold Thread. 
 
 Zerfan is a ftriped filk ufed by the Moors very 
 thin, known to us by the name of Sarcenet. 
 Sericum Saracenicum of Skinner. 
 
 -iiScges i^^^ Seges, a Spanifh Wine. 
 
 Segi in Perfian means wine, and Segi khani 
 IS ia tavern, or wine houfe. 
 
 Sarao C^ly*> Ball, or Dancing- room. 
 Serai, a palace, court, feraglio. 
 
 Ta9a Qj^Lb Cup. 
 
 Tas is a cup, or porringer ; Tas efiak, the cup, 
 or vault of heaven. The form of the heavens is 
 a deprefled arch, refembling a Ihallow cup; or 
 bafon for a fountain. 
 
 Tafctan 
 
( 07 ) 
 
 Tafetan aXju 
 
 Tafte is filk twifted in fpinning. 
 
 Tagarmina jlij Provifions, a fweet thiftle 
 
 good to eat. 
 
 Tagarnillo 
 
 The herb fennel giant, 
 Bekhoor mirycm in 
 Perfian. 
 
 Tahon 
 
 vlsrJo 
 
 A Miller. 
 
 Tahona aJIsnL Horfe or Afs-mill. 
 
 Tehhan is a miller, or horfe working in a. mill, 
 and Tehhannet a mill worked by a horfe, afs, or 
 camel. 
 
 Tahur 
 
 f^ 
 
 \J Gamefter, Merchant;. 
 
 Tajir is a merchant, artful, adroit in his bufi- 
 nefs. 
 
 Taear 
 
 To Cut and Slafh, 
 
 Ta^car is called Arabic, but it comes from 
 Talea, a cutting, or Hip from a branch, or plant, 
 
 H and 
 
( 98 ) 
 
 * 
 
 and that from S'aTie/a. The Italiati a^id French 
 have Tadiar and Tailler from the Jame fource. 
 TaleaD ferreas are iron plates, paid for money by 
 the ancient fir itifli, and the modern Swedes in 
 copper. Caefar. Comment, p. lOO. v. i. Var. 
 
 Talvina ^:sx)j" Thick Water. 
 
 Tulhum, water too thick to drink ; when 
 thickened with flower and boiled is a hafty pud- 
 ding, or pudding a la hate. 
 
 Tapar ^ To {lop a hole, check, reftrain. 
 Thebr, or Thapar, to ftop ; fpelt Tha, Ba, Ra. 
 
 Tarbea ?^.r^ Square Trencher. 
 
 Terbeea is a quadrangular figure — a piece of 
 fquare wood. Enfan terbeea a quadrangular af- 
 ped (of the ftars). 
 
 Telliz «5u^>Jj* Saddle-clotJi. 
 
 Tclifc is aPerfian carpet; Tehfet, in Arabic, a 
 fack. 
 
 Tia 
 
( 99 ) 
 
 Tia ^ Aunt. 
 
 Tia is in Italian Zio, an uncle, in Perfian Shu 
 is a hufband, and both Italian and Spanifli are 
 from the laft, coniidcring Shu as a relation, or 
 relative, whether father's brother, or mpther's. 
 
 Tocal (S^j^' High Place ; afcending to a 
 
 Height. 
 
 Tookel, orTawekkul. 
 
 Tocino <S^^ Hog. 
 
 Khook is a hog, of which the Spaniards have 
 made Khookino, and Tookino, or Tocino. 
 
 Treba ^Ja Border, Skirt of a Garment. 
 Tref, or Teref, is a border, or extremity. 
 
 V. 
 
 VosASTE — -Vofte i^[Z^\ Vueftra Merced. 
 
 Vofafte is ufedonly by the defcendants of the 
 Moors, and the common people in the provinces 
 for Vueftra Merced. 
 
 H 2 USTED 
 
(( nm ) 
 
 USTED OUwj! Sir. 
 
 Afted, or Ufled, is mafter. Ufted Yakub, 
 mafler Jacob, in Perfian, which in Spanilh is 
 fuppofed ignorantly to be a contraftion of Vu- 
 eftra Merced. 
 
 X. 
 
 Xabeba ;^-A^2J> A Pipe. 
 
 Kefeb, a reed. 
 
 Xaharro wckl Plafter, Cement. 
 
 Akheer is what walls are incrufled with. 
 
 Xaheris UwLcii. AnAfs-mill. 
 Kher-afeea, a mill worked by an afs. 
 
 Xalmo J.:^^ Sack, Saddle. 
 
 Khelm is a covering, or what covers the deer, 
 and ufed ty the Moors in Spain for a faddle, or 
 defence, for the back of a horfc, mule, or afs. 
 
 Xaquimate 
 
( 101 > 
 
 Xaqulmate cjU jl^ Check-mate. 
 Xarave v';*** Syrup. 
 
 Xarcias (j^}j\ Ragging of a Ship. 
 
 Araeelh means the tackle. Kiflitec, of a yef- 
 fel; in general an ornament, or neceflary ac- 
 companiment. 
 
 Xeque i^^ Lord, or Governor. 
 Sheikh is a man of authority. 
 
 Xergon ^f^ . Straw-bed, 
 
 Jurzet is a bundle of ftraw to lie on. 
 
 Xerqucrieu ^G^^ja Slaughter- houfe. 
 
 Jcrz is cutthig up, and Kherka is cattle, the 
 two words are in Spanifh pux together, and 
 made one. 
 
 , z. 
 
 Zahorar J^^^ To Gorge and be fulL 
 Zekhar is full, gorged with meat. 
 
 H 3 Zambra 
 
( 102 ) 
 
 Zambra jj) A Boat. 
 
 Zumber, a ikiff, yawl ; alfo a Moorifh dance. 
 
 Zumbar J^yyj To Buzz, and Hum. 
 Zumbour is a bee. 
 
 Zorro ^jOyjj Fraud, Deceit, a Cheat, a 
 
 cunning Fox. 
 
 Beezare. 
 
 Zubia L^[) Place vyhere Waters meet. 
 
 Zab is a fountain, or fpring, from water col- 
 leded in the ground. 
 
 Zaquizami /^"Uw 'wtjuw Exalted Roof, a 
 
 Place between 
 the Plaftering 
 and the Roof. 
 
 Sukf fan^ec are two words in Arabic, andr 
 mean re of high, or high roof. 
 
 jREMAINS 
 
REMAINS OF ARABIC 
 
 IN THE 
 
 PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE. 
 
FJREFACE. 
 
 The Portuguejfe language, like moft other 
 modern tongues, is made up of a mixture of 
 Greek, Latin, Aratic, French, and Italian 
 terms. The Romans, during their refidence 
 in Spain and Portugal, eftabliflied themfelves 
 and their language with equal fuccefs, ^nd 
 the inhabitants continued to fpeak the Roman 
 purely, even after they had got rid of the 
 conqueror and ftiaken off his yoke. 
 
 To the Romans fucceeded the Goths, and 
 during their reign the Latin continued to be 
 ufed, though it gradually declined, and ceafed 
 to be vulgarly fpoken about the time it bc-- 
 came, in great meafure, colloquially extindl 
 in the year five hundred and eighty-feven in 
 Italy. In the eighth century the Moors in- 
 vaded the Spanifli and Portuguefe, and 
 changed their ancient idioms, and from that 
 ^-arofe the modern language of thofe nations; 
 
 that. 
 
( io6 ) 
 
 that, in procefs of time, has received the po- 
 lifh and perfeclion at which it is now arrived: 
 there are flill many lyatin and Greek terms in 
 them, and Arabic words enough to compile 
 a dicSionary, as Scalier long ago obferved, 
 in his letter to Pontanus, p. 489, edit. Elzevir. 
 1627. 
 
 The'moft vakiable part, perhaps, of thefe 
 fmajl etymological trads is their certainty, 
 and the little obligation they have to hypo- 
 thefis and conjecture. If, indeed, the Spa- 
 j)i£b. and Portuguefe words are as different 
 ftpm the Arabic as Jour is from Diurne, and 
 Diner from Digiunar, or Gain from Unus, 
 through Unare, Coadunare, Guadagnar. Gag- 
 ner. Gain ; yet their derivatipns are as clear^^ 
 and incontrovertible, as will be feen by a Uight' 
 attention to the changes the Arabic has un- 
 dergone in its accommodation to the Spanr/h 
 apd Portuguefe pronunciation, and want of 
 cprrefponding letters to thofe of the Moorifli* 
 alphabet. This w ill appear to {>e the cafe in- 
 the following examples in Portnguefe :' At- ' 
 inofalla;, Alfella, Alfcloa, Almofaja, are in 
 
 Arabic 
 
( 107 ) 
 
 Arabic Almahalla, Alhella, Alhelua, Almo- 
 hafla, owing to the choice or neceffity the 
 Portuguefe were under of changing the Ara* 
 bic ^ Hha or double H, with a ftrong pero- 
 ral afpiration, into their own F, and fometimes 
 into an S, as, for Herdun, to write, Sardad. 
 In the fame manner they have converted the 
 Kha -;, ftill more af^)irated, into F ; and Al- 
 chalTe, Alchozama, Alchanjar, are become 
 with them Alface, Alfazema, Alfange. 
 
 To the guttural Ain c they have very 
 properly added an A, in Abda a province, 
 Abdallah, a proper name, and Alacir a vine- 
 yard ; Aabda, Aabdallah, Aabacir, to diftin- 
 guilh the Ain from the Alif. 
 
 B is changed by the Portuguefe into V in 
 many words borrowed from the Arabians; 
 ^3, Alvara, Alvaiade, Alverca, Alvi^aras, Al- 
 vanel, Alyarraa, which in Arabic are, Albara, 
 a fchedule; Albaiade, a drug; Alberca, a town; 
 Albefliara, good news ; Albennee, a building, 
 and official name; Albarran, a Chibol, 
 The letter B undergoes another change into 
 M, in Albondeca and Barran, which are, in 
 
 fortuguefe. 
 
( 108 > 
 
 Portugiiefe, Almondega, a forced-meat-ball, 
 and Marran, a little pig. 
 
 The letter T is found to be changed inta 
 D, m the word Ataud, frpm Attabut, a box. 
 (j is turned into L, in Lezirias, from Gezeeret, 
 an ifland, and into Z, ia Zeduaria, a plant 
 with" a purgative root, from Geduar. Z be- 
 comes G, in Algeroz, from Alzarub, a water- 
 pipe, and in Girafalte, from Zorofat, the Fal- 
 con Gi|-afalte. 
 
 S becomes Z, i^. Zurame,, from Solhame, a 
 cloak of the fineft wool ; and L an R, as in 
 Nobres, and Ingraterra* 
 
 : The He is changed into F, i^ Refens, from. 
 Pehjn, a pledge or pawn, {^^j.. 
 
 In compliance with an ordpr of fefae Royal 
 Academy of Lilbon, Fran. Joao de Soui|^; 
 publiihed, in 1789, a lexicon^ :in which, he 
 traced the Arabic language all through the 
 Portuguefe, and improved and ;corred:ed the 
 works of Duarte Nuncs de Lcao, the beft that 
 had appeared on the origin of the Porituguele 
 language, firll in l630, then in 1781. Af- 
 t^ Nunes canae Manoel de Fari^, and Sou/k{ 
 
 in. 
 
( 109 ) 
 
 in his Portuguefe Europe, torn. iii. part. iv. 
 cap. 10. but without addition or correfiion ; 
 Faria 'reduced the number of Arabic words, 
 two hundred and feven in Nunes, to one hun- 
 dred and fix, alid gave no reafon f or fo doing. 
 In 1712 followed Bhiteau, who derived but 
 few words from the Arabic either, fays Joao de 
 Soufa, becaufe he knew little himfelf, or co- 
 pied thofe who knew ftill lefs of the language 
 of the Moors. 
 
 In the year 1790, Joao de Soufa copied 
 and tranflated, at the recommendation of the 
 Royal Academy of Lifbon, the Arabic docu- 
 ments in the royal Archives, relative to the 
 Portugueie Hiftory, or at leaft a felcdion of 
 fuch as were of any importance. Ihe title 
 of his book is, Documcntos Arabicos para a 
 Hiftoria Fortugueza copiados dos Originales da 
 Torre do Tombo com Pcrmiilion de S. Ma- 
 gellade, e vcrtidos em Portugucz pur Fr. 
 Joao de Soufa. Thefe documents confift of 
 letters to and from D. ?>Ianoel, king of Portugal . 
 
 The firil: letter is from the governor of Ca- 
 nanore to the king D, ManocI, and begins 
 
 with 
 
( no ) 
 
 with all the pomp of the Eaft, "' To the great 
 and glorious fovereign, judge, and fultan of 
 exalted height. (The word Mulla, or Mawla, 
 means fometimes Judge, Omnipotent* from 
 whom there is no appeal.) Lord of fea and 
 land, difpenfer of all bleffings in all places, 
 pofleiTor of the kingdoms of your enemies, 
 monarch of the Eaft and Weft; in govern- 
 ment both good and great, a veteran in war, 
 mafter of the fword and the pen, of extenfive 
 liberality and perfect juftice. May Godj)er- 
 petuate your reign for ever and ever.'* This 
 letter is an anfwer to one of the kings, and 
 dated November 8, axth of Moharram, 1503, 
 from the leaft of the king's fervants, Genee- 
 geer Corobe, who had been appointed go- 
 vernor of Cananore by Cotelery, and retained 
 by D. Vafco da Gama with the title of Gua- 
 zil. Cotelery was the king with whom 
 Vafco da Gama made peace in 1502. 
 
 Letter II. is from the llime governor to 
 D. Vafco da Gama, viceroy of India, praying 
 him to recommend Genecgcer Corobe to the 
 notice of every Capitano Mor, or command- 
 ant, 
 
( 111 ) 
 
 ant, that Ihall be fent to Canaiiore, and to 
 charge them "tvith orders from the king to 
 fliew the governor every mark of amity and 
 diftinftion. May 27, 1503. 
 
 Letter III. from D. iManoel to the dwell- 
 ers in Azamor, in Arabic, by Abdalla Rahei- 
 aiii, A^rabic fecretary to the krng, requiring 
 them to fend the ufual tribute of the thoufand 
 meafures of corn, January 22, 1504. From 
 Liibon, in 1508, D. ManOel fent a fleet 
 againil Azamof commanded by D. John de 
 Menereis. 
 
 No. IV. is from the Moradores, dv^^ellera 
 of Zafy, to the king D. Manoel, with a long 
 hiftory of grievances ^gainft tyrannical rulers 
 and neighbours, to which they were as oppo- 
 fite as animals, that prey one on another, July 
 2, I609. 
 
 Zafy, Azafia, or Saffia, lies at the bottom 
 of a gulf in the Atlantic, near the mouth of 
 the river Tenfift, 85 m. S. W, of Azamor, 
 
 No. V. is from Aly Ben Saied to D. M. 
 king of Portugal. The writer complains of 
 D. John de Menercs, who laid on forty 
 
 ounces. 
 
( U2 ) 
 
 ounces, equal to ninety reis per ounce', on 
 every man's taxes, without carrying it into 
 the royal account. Ninety reis make four 
 vintins and a half, or five pence nearly. 
 
 Aly Ben Saied was governor of the Moors 
 in Azaraor. 
 
 Letter VI. from Ibraheem, king of Cale- 
 cuJti to D. Manoel, king of Portugal. Ma- 
 noueel. Sultan of Pertekal. 
 
 The purport of the letter is to entreat his 
 majefty to give ftrift orders to all Portuguefe,. 
 w^ho fliall wifh to enter into amity, and be at 
 peace with the men of Calecut, to treat them 
 with mildnefs, and not ufe force to obtain 
 contributions which is out of their power to 
 give, Augull 6, 1509. The addrefs of the 
 the letter is, 
 
 '' To the great fultan and munificent king, 
 Don Manoucel, May God prolong his glory,: 
 and make theMuflulmenufeful to him. Amen." 
 
 Letter 
 
( 113 ) 
 
 Letter VII. From the principal men of the 
 province of Sharkeea, toDon Manoueel, king 
 of Portugal, and the Algarves, Lord of Ga- 
 noua, or Guinea, and the Zeheban, that is, the 
 two gold mines. 
 
 This is an anfvver to a letter from the king, 
 praying to enter into a treaty of commerce 
 with his majefty, and promifing to be faith- 
 ful and obedient vaflals. February i6, 15 lo. 
 
 Salem Ben Omar, who figns himfelf Sheikh 
 of the cuftoms of Sherkeea, was among the 
 head men of the province allied, and tributary 
 to Manoueel. 
 
 Letter VIII. From the inhabitants of 
 Mefle to Don Manoueel, king of Portugal. 
 
 *' The dwellers inMaflc in particular, and in 
 general, the old, the men of full age, and fc- 
 beean, young men and boys, to the king of 
 Portugal, their fovereign, with thanks for the 
 benefits conferred on them, and prayers for 
 future protedion againft their neighbours who 
 laugh them to fcorn, for living under the go- 
 vernment of a Chriftian ; and many are the 
 floors that fay, they' have taken great pains 
 
 I to 
 
< 114 ) 
 
 to lue for the protection of a Cbriftian prince; 
 but it is plain to fee, thanks be to God, that 
 they have neither fecurity, refped:, noi? proper* 
 ty\ January r, 1510.'* 
 
 Maffe lies between Zafy and Taftan, in 
 the Atlantic. Abderrahman, mentioned in 
 the letter, governed the Moors of Zafy, in 
 the. place of Yahya Ben Tafufa. Mafla was 
 formerly Temeft, and lies at the foot of Ai-- 
 diiacal, a part of Atlas. 
 
 Letter IX. From A^an Mobaty to Nuno 
 Fernandes de Ataide. Ajan Mabaty was 
 Sheikh of the cuftoms of Abda. Nuno Fer- 
 Dandes was governor of Ataide. Kovember 
 l(j, 1511. 
 
 Letter X. From Haji HolTein Rakan, king 
 of Calecut> to Don Manoueel^ king of Por- 
 tugal. 
 
 Ilaji Hoflein Rakan, wds fon of Moliara- 
 nied, king of Calecut, and grandfon of Za- 
 morce. Alfonlb of Albuquerque had, by his 
 ambatlador,. made peace with Mohammed at 
 (joa, in l5og. June l?, 1511. 
 
 Letter XL From de RaQied Reken Wafeel 
 - ■ ■ of 
 
( 115 ) 
 
 of Hormui, to Don Manoueel, king of Por- 
 tugal. 
 
 '* May the odour of fincerity waft with 
 this its fweeteft perfume to the magnanimous 
 fovereign, Don Manoueel, whom God has de- 
 ftined to be completely happy. 
 
 " After killing your Toyal feety I lay be- 
 fore them the communications I have from 
 Damafcus, of the marching of the king of 
 Room (fultan f»jJ^) againft the Franks to- 
 wards Suez, and of the Shah of Perfia againft 
 Diarbekr, and the total route of the army of 
 the king of Room, in the abfence of theif 
 monarch* What we mojfl earneflly pray 
 your majefty is, that your majefty will ne- 
 ver ceafe to care for your kingdom of Hor-* 
 muz." March 27, 1511. 
 
 Ralhed Reken, was governor of Hormuz, 
 appointed by the chief captain Antonio da 
 Silveira, who fucceeded in the magiftracy of 
 Shereef the Guarda Mor of the king of 
 Hormuz. See the Chronicle of King Manoueel, 
 Part iii. p. 57. The Chronicle of the king, 
 as quoted here, is referred to copftantly by 
 
 I 2 Soufa 
 
( 116 ) 
 
 Soufa in his notes. On Letter III. fee part 
 i. cap. 27. On Letter JV. part iii. cap. 12. 
 iLetter V. part ii. cj^p. 27. Letter VL part 
 i. 40. Letter VIIL part iii. 24. Letter X^ 
 part iii. p. 104. N. B. The name of the 
 writer of the letter is in Arabic {^j Reken, 
 but in the Porluguefe Zarkam. The Za 
 perhaps has fallen out. 
 
 Jvctter XIL 
 
 LAWS. 
 
 Punithments and pecuniary mulds which 
 Yahya Ben Tafufa eftablifhed for the go- 
 vernment of the province of Harras. This 
 Sheikh Abu Zacharia Yahya Ben Tafufa 
 Ben Mohammed, whofc glory God prolong, 
 is mentioned in the note to the eighth letter, 
 as having been fucceeded in his government 
 by Abderrahman, Feb. 3, 1512, This pa- 
 per is figned by thirty names, jVJobarak Ben 
 Omar the firfl, Mohammed Ben Amlam the 
 Jart. 
 
 Praifc be to God alone ; 
 that is; one, or the Integer. O louvor 
 
 feju 
 
( 117 ) 
 
 feja dado a Deos fo, which differs widely from 
 fo a Deos, to God only, as the Portiiguefe has 
 it. God is one and whole, the Arabians fay, 
 and his creatures fractions. 
 
 FINES AND PUNISHMENTS. 
 The robber Ihall pay a fine of ten ounces, 
 (equal to four fliillings and fix-pence,) or one 
 one hundred dinheiros, (equal to four fhillings 
 and fix-pence,) N. B. An ounce is ninety 
 reis, or five pence, a dinheiro nine reis, of 
 which nine hundred make four fhillings and 
 fix-pence, or his hand fliall be cut off. 
 
 REMARK, 
 
 Hands are the offending part in robbing 
 and writing. Stubbs and Page loft their right 
 hands, by aftatute of PhiUp and Mary's reign, 
 for writing and difperfing feditious libels. 
 
 II. Whofoever Ihall ftrike w^ith a ftick or 
 a ftone, Ihall pay two ounces, or twenty din- 
 heiros. 
 
 III. Whofoever Ihall lay hands on ano- 
 ther man*s money, if he be a debtor, fhall 
 pay fifty dinheiros; if it be to rob, a hundred. 
 
 I 3 IV. If 
 
( 118 ) 
 
 IV. If p,ny one ftrikje another with the fift^ 
 he fhall p^y two ounces. 
 
 V. Whofoerer Ihall cut his brixtber^ufr 
 fulman fhall pay a fine of two ounces, or 
 twenty dinheiros, and a kublh (ram) for the 
 wound. 
 
 VI. He w^ho Ihall furnifh arms or money 
 to runaway Moors in tirhe of war, ifiall pay 
 two ounces, or twenty dinheiros, (w^* j! aw 
 iliwb, or a tunick. 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 N. Bi The Portuguefe verCon ig,; €^ueui 
 armar conrerfa fobre os Mouros fugitivos, and 
 omits aw^ favyb. The Aratjic is l^ y^ {^j^ 
 iyJiX>4^ Who lends, a Ihining fword, or furnifhes 
 a fugitive Moor w ith a cutting fword. 
 
 VII. If a woman treat her hufband with 
 contumely, {he fliall pay h;ilf ^n ounpc, or 
 five dinheiros, or a fheep. 
 
 VIII. If a man inveigh againft his wife, 
 an4 there are witnefles, he fliall p^jiy. five 
 ounces, ox fifty dinheiros, or fwear tliat he 
 had no bad intention, 
 
 IX. if 
 
( 119 -> 
 
 IX. If a man be found in another's houfe 
 for any treacheroxis, or diflioneft purpofe, he 
 Ihall be fined ten ounces, or one hundred din- 
 heiros. -.* 
 
 X. He who commits adultery with the 
 wife of another Moorman, fliall pay one hun- 
 dred dinheiros from his hoard, and over and 
 above his wife fhall belong to the injured huf- 
 band, 
 
 XL The man that goes back to quarrel 
 with another, after he has been condemned by 
 the judge, Ihall pay twenty dinheiros, or a 
 tunick, 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 Sawb is a waiftcoat reaching down to the 
 knees, which the Moors w^ear in the fields in- 
 ftead of a Ihirt. 
 
 XII. Whofoever runs away in time of war, 
 his goods fliall be fequeliered, his houfe burnt, 
 and he baniflied from the king's dominions, 
 and out-lawed. His wife fliall be paid her 
 portion out of the fequefl:ration, and if any 
 man kill the fugitive, he fliall not be puniflied 
 as a murderer. 
 
 I 4 XIII. If 
 
( 120 ) 
 
 XIII. if a man alks to be paid a debt owed 
 to him, he muft firfi acquaint the governor of 
 the country, that he may fix a time for the 
 payment, and if the debtor fliall not pay at 
 the time appointed, the Kaeed of the place 
 fhall judge him as he may think fit. 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 Ahmed Ben Elhaje for whofe government 
 
 thefe la\^^s were eftablilhed, was the Sheikh 
 
 of the impofts of Harras, bordering^ on Du- 
 
 cala, the moll nqrthern province of Morocco. 
 
 Letter XIIL From Mohammed Shah, king 
 of Hormuz, to Don IManoueel, king of Por- 
 tugal. 
 
 The wTiter prays tp be relieved from one 
 half of the tribute of Hormuz, Aug. 27 > 1513. 
 
 NOTE. 
 Alphonfo de Albuquerque, vv ho had made 
 peace with Mohammed Shall, adjuited the 
 tribute Mohammed Shah was to pay yearly, 
 (Vid. Chron. part li. p. 56.) of fo many thou- 
 fand flierafins in gold, filvcr, and copper. 
 
 Letter 
 
( 121 ) 
 
 Letter XIV. From A§an Mobaty, to 
 Nuno Fernandes, of Ataide. 
 
 A^an Mobaty was a principal coUeSor ot 
 the impofts of Harras. The letter is on the 
 fubjed of exaftions in collefting the tribute, 
 and complaints of oppreffion. The writer 
 defires Nuno to give the bearer a prefent, 
 Inaam. This was a regular thing with the" 
 Moors, that the bearer of a letter Ihould be 
 paid by the receiver. 
 
 Letter XV. From the Shereef Mohammed^ 
 king of Fez, to Don Manoueel, king of Por- 
 tugal. 
 
 Mohammed prays, that the velTels he is 
 about to fend to Algier and Tunis may be re- 
 fpeded by the Portuguefe, When they come 
 from the Eaft ; he was afraid of his veffels be- 
 ing taken by Vafco Fernandes Cefar, who 
 was then cruifing in the freights. Vid. Chron, 
 part iv. cap. 56. 
 
 Letter XV L From the fame, on the fame 
 fubjeft, to the fame. Jan. 30, 1514. 
 
 Letter XVIL From the king of Meleendo, 
 to Don Manoueel, king of Portugal. 
 
 A monarch 
 
( ^2^ ) 
 
 r A monarch is defcribed with a thoufand 
 brilliant titles, and at the end it is faid, '* Don 
 :Manoueel is he/' The king^ then tells his fo- 
 vereignaftory in the following terms: ''Know, 
 Sire, that heretofore there was a man, and 
 jjisn^me t?as Haleem, who was as liberal as 
 ^b^ was rich^ and never turned away from any 
 petitioner, or exCufed himi^Jf for liot granting 
 what he aft €4. It fo happened, . that one 
 who wiihed to try his generofityto the ut- 
 ,^oft^ c$in<5 to bis houfe. Haleem alked him 
 hi5 buiinefS;, .he anfwer^d, I am come for 
 your head. And what good would it do you, 
 replied Haleem, if you had ^ it?,jifnThere is a 
 king, fays the man, ii^ my neighbourhood, 
 who wiJl give naea thoufand ducats (deenar- 
 '4n) if I can bring him your head. ' Upon 
 which Haleena >yenc into an innerrroom, and 
 having gpt together a thoufand ducats, he 
 tiretche4 out hi§ neck to the man, and faid, 
 Take which you will, piy head or my mo- 
 ney. The man took the money and went 
 away. Your humble fervant. Sire, willies ' 
 to make this experiment, and alks of a mo- 
 
 jparchj 
 
{ 123 ) 
 
 iiarch, who is more fortunate than Alexander^ 
 fairer than the moon at full, braver than Ce- 
 far, whofp favoprs refresh like' the dew of the 
 fpring, to 1qo}c with pity on the people of 
 Meleendo, and Ihpwer down his bounty on 
 their neceflltiea.'' Here the writer exhayfts 
 himfelf in praife of th^ king, his mailer, and 
 makes his principal bufinefs an after-thought* 
 Sept. 30, 1515. 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 This is evidently derived from the ftory of 
 Hatim Tai, fo much celebrated for his libe- 
 rality throughout the Eaft. There has, per- 
 haps, then been fome miftake in the name, 
 made by a tranfcrlber, and inftead of Haleefn 
 it ftiould be written Hatim. The name 
 is written *aA^ in the letter. Hatim w^as 
 one of the Sehabeh or companions of Mo- 
 hammed. 
 
 Letter XIX. From Khaflibur Shah, go- 
 vernor of the port of Baruz, to Don Manoueel, 
 king of Portugal, 
 
 This letter in the name, and by the order 
 
 of 
 
( 124 ) 
 
 of king Azarkam, was written by the go- 
 vernor in the king's name. Azarkam was 
 governor of the Ille of Baruz frontier, and 
 fubjecl: to the Ifle of Sumatra, whofe fove- 
 reign was Khalhbur Shah. April g, 15 16. 
 ThefubjteA is the inhabitants, and their want 
 of protedion, who defire to be relieved, and 
 allowed to pay twenty thoufand flierafins in- 
 itead of twenty-five thoufand. 
 
 Letter XXVI. From Abderrahman Ben 
 Hadu Almaztradee, called by Soufa Haduxa, 
 without the other name. 
 
 *' Praife be to the one God, and Manoueel, 
 king of Portugal, Ducala, and the Indies ; 
 may God add to his victories, and increafe his 
 glory. Abderrahman enumerates his fervices 
 to the king, talks of his having taken for the 
 king thirty duar, or villages, each confiding 
 of fifty, lixty, or a hundred tents, made of 
 platted horfe-hair, for which he had not been 
 thanked, or received any anfwer to his letter 
 announcing it. That he had loft men and 
 cattle in abundance, and had no hope but in 
 ^e royal countenance and fupport againft the 
 ^^ Moors.'- 
 
( 125 ) 
 
 Moors." May 6, 15J7. Abderrahman lived 
 in the province of Naamei, and had in his 
 ftables more than a thoufand horfes, with which 
 ^he waged war with the king of Fez. 
 
 N. B. The remaining letters, w ith a few- 
 exceptions, are to D. Joao III. from Meer 
 Abanafar Shah, fon of Seifeddin, king of Hor- 
 muz, Aug. 8, 1523 ; from the Shereef of Fez, 
 May 26, 152-1; and from various perfons. 
 From l^lbattar, chief of the aUied Arabs, who 
 lived in the neighbourhood of Azamor, and 
 collected the tribute paid to the crown of Por- 
 tugal. N. B, This is the laft letter to Joao 
 with a date, Nov. 3, 1520. 
 
 KEMAINS 
 
REMAINS OF ARABIC 
 
 IN TH18 
 
 POMTUGFESE JLANGUAOE. 
 
 poaxtrciUESE. arabic. englism* 
 
 Abba, Za Celaffe Padre Serva. da T-rl- 
 
 nidade, trcs pdToas, 
 Za is pthiopic. 
 
 This is the Arabic word «xi\Xi' three, with 
 Abba, father, prefixed. Father, fervant of the 
 Trinity. 
 
 Abderrahman (^L^JlJs^c Servant of the 
 
 merciful. 
 
 Alcunha isjj^\ Surname, nickname, fome* 
 Alkenh.. thing, fubftance of any 
 
 thing, mode, fum. 
 
 Abuna 
 
( 138 ) 
 
 Abuna bVl Noftro padre, Our Father. 
 
 Abxi»tn /^KK>.A2bN Any thing black, an 
 
 Ethiopian. 
 
 Ajacalador ^JJuwl Burnilher of fwords. 
 
 Afkcl. 
 
 The word is formed from the Arabic JJu^, 
 with the article prefixed, and the Portuguefe 
 termination. The Arabic is properly written 
 with a Sfad, 
 
 Ajafatc ^JLjUukJ ! Utenfil, houfehold fur-? 
 
 niture, a baiket. 
 
 Ajamo J^^ Kalter, or muzzle. 
 
 Accqulat «xaS'-^JI A Watering, or irriga- 
 tion, from Seka, and 
 Sekaiet, a man who 
 fupplies travellers with 
 water. 
 
 Achaquc 
 
( m ) 
 
 Achaquc /^UaJI Infirmity; from Shakec, 
 Axxagui. which, in the '^eighth 
 
 conjugation, is to be- 
 wail. 
 
 Acicato aXnJ I A Spur of one point • from 
 Axxacate. Shak, a Ihoot. 
 
 Acipipe 
 Azebibe. 
 
 UAAJ 
 
 u J I A Bunch of grapes, paffa 
 da uva. 
 
 Acinippo is a town in Hifpania Boetica> now 
 Jlonda la Vieja, on w^hofe coins is a bunch of 
 grapes. Acinum is a grape -done, with which 
 Anacreon is faid to have been choked. Plin. 1, 
 
 7. c. 7. 
 
 A9otea 
 Affotua. 
 
 ^jl^r^ 
 
 J! 
 
 The Ground-plot of a 
 houfe ; from Satapa, 
 to extend. 
 
 Agougue 
 Affoco. 
 
 ijiji^l 
 
 Market; from Sawk, a 
 place where men are 
 
 
 
 
 coUcded together. 
 
 
 
 
 . Ahli fawk the mar- 
 
 
 
 K 
 
 ket-people. 
 
 A^outaif 
 
( ISO ) 
 
 A9outakr 
 
 ioM 
 
 To Lafli> fcourge with a 
 
 Savata. 
 
 
 leather thong. Dar pan- 
 
 Sawt, 
 
 
 adas com cordas correas 
 de couro. 
 
 Adail 
 
 JxJcX'f 
 
 Shewing, a partbiple of 
 
 Addaleel. 
 
 
 the Surd verb JcS enii- 
 nar o caminho, to fliew 
 the way, where the 
 third radical is riot 
 heard. 
 
 Adarga 
 
 Adara. 
 
 Adaga. 
 
 t-^ 
 
 Ol A Shield of leather, ufcd 
 formerly by the people 
 of Spain and Africa,; 
 from Daraa, to arm ; in 
 the eighth conjugation, 
 to arm yourfelf, and be 
 armed with a paffive fig- 
 nification. 
 
 Adarme ' 
 Adderhcm. 
 
 ,^jOJ^ Forty grains, a coin. 
 
 Aduana 
 
( 131 ) 
 
 Aduana 
 Aldeeuana. 
 
 ^r^;JvJI 
 
 Hall of adminiftration 
 of public affairs. Dee- 
 wan means alfo an ac- 
 count-book, mufter- 
 roll, and military pay- 
 book. 
 
 Aldafe 
 
 Aldef. 
 
 •cXJI Afmgledrum, with one 
 fkin, alfo a cymbal, 
 tambour de Bafque in- 
 troduced into Spain and 
 Portugal by the Sara- 
 cens, called Pandeiro 
 by the Portuguefe. 
 
 Albarrada 
 
 ,'v^l;U! 
 
 A Clay veflel, or pot, 
 in which flowers are 
 fet. Werd, as it is 
 
 
 
 called by the Arabi- 
 ans, is a rofe-tree. 
 
 Albergate 
 
 iCiJOjl 
 
 Morocco flippers, Cal- 
 
 Albalgat. 
 
 
 gado de Marroquin al- 
 parcas, Moorifh fhoes. 
 
 •■ 
 
 K2 
 
 Alparcas 
 
( 132, ), 
 
 Alparc^s arc made 
 of' pack-thread, and 
 fometimes of rufhes. 
 
 Alborgc ^yjj\ , A Tower. Borjon, for- 
 Alburj. ' trefs, or caftle. 
 
 Albornos ^'I;IaJ( 
 Albaranee. 
 
 Mequinezcs, cloaks 
 with hoods and 
 capes for winter 
 wear, made firft at 
 Maquinez in Africa. 
 
 Alcorec {j^JtJ\ Sweetmeats in fliapes 
 
 for feftivals. 
 
 Aljada 
 
 c:^lc^UJl 
 
 Princes, Lords, dc- 
 
 Alfadat. 
 
 
 fcendants of Moham- 
 med, Jufticc, 
 
 Alciado 
 
 "^aU»Jl 
 
 Dominion, govern- 
 
 Alfeeadet. 
 
 
 ment. 
 
 Alcaeed OoiJi) I A Prefident, or general* v 
 
 Aflento 
 
( 133 ) 
 
 Aflento de Madeira tXJUJ 
 Aflened. 
 
 A Plank of wood, 
 orthinihingle;in 
 low L^tin, Cen- 
 dula ; alfo a prop 
 on which another 
 leans* 
 
 Alanfe ^JJcssJ\ 
 
 Alhanaxe. 
 
 Alardo o-^yJ I A Review of foldiers ; from 
 
 arada^ he appeared. 
 
 Alarife v^yxjl Architeft ; from Arfan, 
 
 knowing, intelligent, 
 fcientific. 
 
 Albafor jyss^l Incenfe, perfume in 
 
 Albachur. Perfian. 
 
 Albalequim 
 Albalegeen. 
 
 lA 
 
 L^' 
 
 aJUI 
 
 K^ 
 
 The Age of Pu- 
 berty, fourteen 
 for men, and 
 twelve for wo- 
 meno 
 
,( 134 ) 
 
 men. Fromba- 
 
 }ig|i, arrived af. 
 
 reached^, fuU, 
 
 perfeft. 
 
 Albarda • A^O^ilJ 1 Covering of ftraw for 
 
 Albardaa. beafts of burden. 
 
 ' Bardan means in 
 
 Perfian, a repofi^ 
 
 tory for travellers' 
 
 goods, and poles 
 
 fupportjng awn- 
 
 ings. 
 
 Alcatifa aaaIoaJ I A carpql:^ oj cloth, vvith 
 Alketeefct. a long pile. 
 
 Almogaures j^(jlJ\ 
 
 A Warrior, and 
 iparauder, qt\^ 
 who rnakes ^^^r 
 curfions to 
 
 plunder, and lay 
 waftc. From 
 Ghar. 
 
 Alcuzcz 
 
( >35 ) 
 
 Alcuzcz ^lv3oCj( 
 
 Alguzar. 
 
 Somnolency. Khab 
 guzar^ fleepy , lethar- 
 gick, going to fleep. 
 Khan,b is left out in 
 Portuguefe. 
 
 Alfadael JuLiiJl Liberality, virtues, ex- 
 Alfadaeel. cellencies. 
 
 Alfitra yjUl 
 Alfytr. 
 
 Augc 
 Auj. 
 
 rJ>' 
 
 Tribute of the Moor to the 
 king of Portugal. Alms 
 given upon an Aeed, or a 
 grand feftivaU caljed Aeed 
 iytr. 
 
 Acme of good fortune, the 
 top. or fummit. Auj She- 
 ref the fortunate afped 
 or afceadant of a ftar. 
 
 Alca(jus Umj^kJI ^t^ Root of the plant 
 Arqueffus. Sus, or liquorice. 
 
 K4 
 
 Alcanfof 
 
( 130 ) 
 
 Alcanfor jjh\Jj\ Camphire. Shama Ka- 
 Alcafur. fooree, a camphorated 
 
 wax-candle. 
 
 ' , , J \V:i[ ■■-. :> ,-,. ■. 
 
 Adela . iu l<3 A Woman that cries goods 
 
 for fale in the ftreets. 
 From Dalet, becoming 
 public. 
 
 Agoa ^/ 
 
 Com t^oas paffaos naon moc o minho. 
 
 The- mill cannot grind with water that has 
 left it, Thrs is alfo an Arabic proverb : 
 
 There is no turning of the mill by water be- 
 low it, or water already pafled. 
 
 Albaraa o'j^' Onion. Bufulu 1 faur, 
 
 Albaran. wild onion. 
 
 Albaraa Cj^ Rude, rullic. 
 
 Berec. 
 
 Alvafi 
 
( V37 >) 
 
 Alvafi ' r^UJI ThaCadyj ojr Judge, 
 
 Alcazi. 
 
 Arratel cjis^ A pound of twelve ounces* 
 Retel. 
 
 Arreme^ar 
 
 L5^; 
 
 To throw from tho 
 
 Remee. 
 
 «* 
 
 hand, or he threw 
 (a dart). 
 
 Azmodeo 
 
 Z^J-t)l 
 
 Tempter, From Az- 
 
 Azmudo. 
 
 
 mudentotry, here 
 it is in the paffive, 
 tempted. 
 
 Ate ^^^^Jii. Untill. In Spanilh Hafta, 
 
 Hettee. from the fame word. 
 
 Abra ^jjc A Bay, or anchorage for 
 
 fliips, difFering from a bar> 
 is from abir, to enter in, 
 and pafs from one fide to 
 another. Abr is alfo a 
 ihore, or margin. 
 
( ^^ ) 
 
 A^afrao (^lyLcJI* Spicery. Ateardan a box 
 Azzafaran. for fpiceries. 
 
 A5ofifa 
 
 C-Uo^l 
 
 Aigudc ^p^5 
 
 Alfeeb atid Alfeev, ojr 
 Seef, an apple. Ma- 
 <5aa de Nafega. 
 
 Alfedd, or fedd, an ob- 
 ftruftion. Sedd Yajouj 
 u Majouj, the wall of 
 Gog and Magog. 
 
 Acafelar Jkjp Kufl, a lock- To lock up, 
 
 fechar com cadeado 
 vofla mulher. 
 
 Adibo Vh^O Addeeb, a wolf; a thief^ ia 
 
 German. Dicb from the 
 Arabic, fo alfo the Saxoil, 
 from whence we have it. 
 Dau'z zeeb is the wolf's 
 difcafe, or hunger. 
 
 A4pb.e 
 
( m ) 
 
 Adobe ^J^} 
 
 Adubo (^j^ 
 
 Alabao <jIaXJ! 
 
 Attobi, a fpecies oi briqt 
 dried in the fun. 
 
 Sweet fpiceries. Tubee 
 in Arabic. Addaffa, a 
 lattice. Janella conx 
 adufa, from ^s^O deffet, 
 two boards put toge- 
 ther. Deffe'l kitaub 
 the boards of a book. 
 
 AUabban, ewes full of 
 milk ; from Leban, a 
 breaft of milk. Ak- 
 huobilibani ummihi, 
 a brother of my mor 
 
 ther's milk, i. e, a 
 fofter-brother. 
 
 Azenha U/^I Afeea, a mill. Aufeeaub, 
 
 a water-mill. 
 
 Alface .i^>^^s:Jl 
 
 AlchaiTe. 
 
 A weed, a thiftlc. 
 
 Alfazema, 
 
( 140 ) 
 
 Alfazema A^i3:\JI An aromatic plant 
 
 Alchozama. 
 
 Alfangc 
 
 ^Ichanjc 
 
 fpJckJ 
 
 lar. 
 
 Allhofalla A%.if 
 
 ^Imahalla. 
 
 A ihort" broad fword 
 in Turkilh. 
 
 A field of battle. 
 
 Alfella <^;snJ' An encampment, from 
 Alhella. Hel, to reft and ftay. 
 
 Alfeloa ' jaAzstJ 
 
 Alhelua, 
 
 A Sweetmeat 
 
 Almofaqa 
 Almohafla. 
 
 A*wcsXyJI A Curry-comb. 
 
 Azafama 
 Azzahma. 
 
 A^ 
 
 jl A Crowd. Mecca is 
 called Um Azzahm. 
 mother of the croWa. 
 
 4zagaya ^j^^^ ' Alchazeca, a Moorifii 
 
 lance for cavalry- 
 
 BAL19 
 
( 141 ) 
 
 B, 
 
 Balio 
 Wely. 
 
 Bedeni 
 
 Beden. 
 
 /Jj Prefiding over, governing, 
 Senhor principe. 
 
 MjOvJ Capa, a cloak, an orna« 
 mental girdle, worn by 
 the Arabian ladies. A 
 ihort coat of naail. 
 
 Beledulgerid ^^fP^ '<^^ City of palm- 
 Beladulgereed. branches. 
 
 Bledeljerrede pronounced. 
 
 Beleguins iX; 
 
 Belegh. 
 
 An Officer of jufticc who 
 follows, watches, and 
 feizes. Belegh, obtain- 
 ing, confummating. 
 
 Bezuar pedra JbJ <j^b Expeller of polfon. 
 Bad zelvr, Bczoar ftone, or 
 
 antidote. 
 
 Boun 
 
( 142 ) 
 
 Boun 
 
 U^ 
 
 Coffee berries before roall- 
 ing. Ograo antes de fer 
 torrado. 
 
 Bofa rinheiro 
 Bulhenna. 
 
 AAis^J 
 
 !^ 
 
 A Vender of aU 
 henna, or hen. 
 na, the dyirtg, 
 colouring herb, 
 Lawfonia in- 
 ermis. The 
 Arabic word 
 for buying alid 
 felling is Beea; 
 
 Buzidan 
 
 O'^J?:! 
 
 Borax 
 
 '4J 
 
 Root of a herb in In- 
 dia, called Tefticu- 
 los da Rapofa. Fox- 
 ftones. Avicena/55. 
 no. 
 
 Nitre, borax ufed in folder- 
 ing gold, called Burei 
 zcrgeran. • Tinkaur Per- 
 fian, whence Tinkal in 
 German. 
 
 Badajos 
 
( 143 ) 
 
 Badajos QivxxJIOs^l/ 
 Beladulae^ih. 
 
 Bacoro 
 
 Ballamo 
 Belefan. 
 
 Balcam 
 
 J 
 
 U 
 
 Land of fupporfo la 
 the Nubian Geogra- 
 phy it is Badalius, 
 and anciently was fo 
 pronounced. It is 
 now a eitypf Eftre- 
 maduraon-the Gua* 
 diana. 
 
 Bekar, cattle, cows of a 
 fmali breed, a little pig; 
 
 ^LkkAJ 
 
 AJlcL^U 
 
 The Balfam-tree. 
 Balfam. 
 
 A Balcony. 
 
 Calatayub y^jj *Sjd3 
 
 Fortrefs of Aiub, 
 Job, the Moor 
 who founded it 
 in Arragon. Vid* 
 Geogr. Nubienf. 
 
 Cacerbcn 
 
Cacerben Danes ^jJIt^ (J^ys^ Fortrefs of 
 
 the fon of 
 Danes, the 
 founder. 
 
 N. B. The Moors call their houfes after the 
 names of the founders. The Spaniards from the 
 names of the lands, as in France and Scotland. 
 
 Caraqa Ol j> Kerad, a tike. 
 
 Chafkris ^jlx^j Xacarige, a fountain 
 
 with a fpout, or 
 without one. 
 
 Cufcus (j^JL^'^ A Gake made of flour , 
 
 and water in Africa. 
 
 Caba aax/' A Square houfe, with the 
 
 article, the Temple at 
 Mecca. 
 
 Cava dj<:ssS^ Mulier ma, an adultrefs. 
 
 Cabh4. 
 
 Zaia 
 
( 145 ) 
 
 Zaia 5^ao a Prayer, benediftion. Af- 
 Selat. felat arrabeet. The Lord's 
 
 Prayer. 
 
 Ceroulas <JUt^ 
 
 Breeches. 
 
 Serwal. 
 
 
 Chita u^ A Shield of leather for the 
 
 Kef. hand, like a ceftus, ufed by 
 
 Periian foldiers. 
 
 Corgi Baxi (5=^;^ Ls'^W Captain of a 
 Bafliee Corjee. troop. Bafiia 
 
 
 in Turkifh. 
 
 Cordovam ^^*ULj* 
 Cortobanee. 
 
 Cordovan. At Cor- 
 dova was the firft 
 
 < 
 
 fabrick of leather 
 
 
 in imitation of 
 
 
 Morocco. 
 
 Calahorra ^ .-^J 1 jotJo 
 
 A City of Old 
 
 Calat'lhora, 
 
 Caftille. A 
 
 
 fort of ilones 
 
 
 on a hill. 
 
 3^. 
 
 Calattava 
 
Calatrava ujljjl AjJi A City of New 
 Calaterab. Caftille, a land 
 
 fortrefs. 
 
 Zarafo 
 Serraf. 
 
 }yk<2 
 
 A Money-changer. 
 
 Chocarreiro 5,X^^ Ridiculing, fneering> 
 
 Sukhurct. 
 
 D. 
 
 Dervixe CJ^J^<^ Dervife, a religious 
 
 Dcrveifh. monk. Derveifliec, 
 
 ^ poverty. 
 
 Debul J 4JcS A Calamity, a wound in 
 
 the lungs. Aviccnna, 
 cap. 2. p. 26. 
 
 jDurazios ;j>^L/<^ 
 
 Derakin duraqucno, a 
 
 ipeciesj or fort of Per- 
 
 fian peach that is 
 
 white 
 
( 147 ) 
 
 white and of deli- 
 cious flavour. 
 
 E. 
 
 Elche j^C 
 Alej. 
 
 Elixir jKmJ3\ 
 Alikfcen 
 
 A Profelyte, from one re- 
 ligion to another. A 
 man wavering between 
 two opinions ; like a ca- 
 mel, whofe pace is, in 
 Arabic, Alej an. 
 
 A Fifth effence ; the phi- 
 lofopher's ftone, Elik- 
 fir doulet, the elixir of 
 fortune. 
 
 Endivia 
 Hendeb. 
 
 LJ^A* 
 
 Endive, fuccory 
 
 Enganar oi>^ ^ Deceiver, betrayer. 
 Kawwan. 
 
 Pronounced Khan^ with En prefixed and Ar 
 added. 
 
 L2 
 
 Fasquia. 
 
( 1^« ) 
 
 F. 
 
 Fasquia AASNfwi Fafchcea, alath; from 
 
 Faikh, a divifion, 
 
 fplitting. 
 
 Fanfarram j\J^ Loquacious, boafting. 
 
 Ferfar. 
 
 Fca (^ Learning, fcience. Fen achlak, 
 the fcience of Ethicks. 
 
 Frangau ^j^ A Cliick. Gallo pequeno* 
 Furuj. 
 
 Fulus (j^^y^ A Coin, worth half a 
 
 real, 2§d. 
 
 G 
 
 Gab AM Us^ A Short tunic open before. 
 Keba. 
 
 Gafar ^ii Small Tribute, paid by the 
 
 Jews and Chriftians to the 
 . Turks. 
 
 Garabia 
 
( 149 ) 
 
 Garabia 
 Gherbee 
 
 •^■f 
 
 Garbon. 
 
 
 Garrama 
 Gheraum. 
 
 (9 
 
 The Weft, Weftern. 
 
 Ghereem means a debtor, 
 a prayer of tribute, and 
 Gheram a debt which 
 muft be paid. 
 
 Gazua j ic Making war, an aft of con- 
 Ghizou. vocation to religious waf . 
 
 Gindi 
 
 Gota 
 Gout. 
 
 (^cXa2*. a Soldier. 
 
 oy^ Pains in the feet. 
 
 Guadalabiar J^^^ ^'j 
 
 Rio OS po<5os, 
 bccron o poqo, 
 a well. Abiar 
 OS poqos. 
 
 Guadelcacer yyoiJI OU The River of 
 
 the palace. 
 
 L3 
 
 Guadelcaru 
 
( 150 ) 
 
 Guadelcaru j^^lsiOf OU River of relief^ 
 
 aid, or defence, 
 a city of New 
 Caftille built 
 on it. 
 
 Chare in Perfian has the fame meaning as our 
 word Char, affiftance of any fort, or time, in 
 performing odd jobs. The S^xon word is the 
 fame. 
 
 Gudalhanar (vjjj'-aJI <^U The river of the 
 Guadafanar. Phanos, prLight- 
 
 houfe. 
 
 Guadelmedina aJucX^ ! tS U River of the city. 
 
 Gi^adeluppo ^^aJI OU Vade lub, a river of 
 
 New Caftille, Rio 
 
 de Seio, Geograh. 
 
 r; ; ,^ Nubienf. river ot 
 
 the bay. 
 
 puadiana : Ub iilj Paffage of the Yan^. 
 
 O Guitarnr 
 
( 351 ) 
 
 Guitam ^UaS An iuftrument of muiic with 
 four ftrings. ^Ij' ^Uw char tan 
 
 Guita 
 Kheet. 
 
 JLsa::^ 
 
 ASa. 
 
 Pack-thread. 
 
 H 
 
 Ha MET cXy^swl Ahmet, proper name of k 
 
 man. 
 
 Hodamo JJaZ Odamo, Something great ; 
 
 from jLic. 
 
 Hued el barbar ^>aJI cilj Vad elbarbar, Rio 
 
 caudalofo, long- 
 tailed, de Barberia, 
 rifmg on Mount 
 Atlas and running 
 into theMediter. 
 ranean. 
 
 Hyfopo, Azob '^Jj^' Azzof, a herb. 
 
 L4 
 
 Ia£Z£9 
 
( J52 ) 
 
 J. 
 
 Jaezes J 1-4^ Jehaze, the trappings, arrcios, 
 
 of a horfe, hum cavallo. 
 
 Janizaro (^JUx}\ Vox Turca, Anquifaria^ 
 
 a new troop. 
 
 Jarra i\:i^ Jarra, Jar. 
 
 Jafmin ;^Ay>wIj Jafemin. 
 
 Javali /^Xa^ Jabali, wild mountain hog. 
 
 Joia T^J^ Jauhar, a Ihining fubftance. 
 
 K. 
 
 Kabk LlTLa/ Kebaq, a partridge, or galena, 
 
 from the found it utters of 
 Keback. 
 
 Kanifat el Gorab a>^aa/ A congregation of 
 Algirda do Gorvo cj!-jLM crow^^. 
 
 Kequengc 
 
( 153 ) 
 
 Kequenge or Alaquenge -^UTl/ Cacange Phy- 
 
 falls, aMoor- 
 ifli plant, 
 
 Alkekenge of Tournefort. 
 
 Kiarchamber .^JLiyLcL Chiarxambar, cana 
 
 fiftula. 
 
 Kac^abe <xa^sS Cafabe, where fugar-cancs 
 
 grow. Caitnavial de aqucan 
 
 Lac A lJJ Lacca, fcarlet colour, extra 6led 
 from the juice of a plant* 
 
 Lacaio cJ'^ Lekee, a fervant, any thing 
 Lackey. thrown away as worthlefs. 
 
 Laqueca max^ Aqulca, cornelian, precious 
 
 ftone of a red colour like a 
 garnet, ftanching blood. 
 
 Larim 
 
( "4 ) 
 
 3u<arini ^j3 Larlm^ a Perfiah coin from the 
 town of Larim, worth fixty 
 reis, 3 d» two-tenths. 
 
 Lafcarim 
 
 ^/-^ 
 
 A cavaky foMier. 
 
 X-afcareem. 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 l/Czirias 
 
 ^y^ 
 
 Jazirat, ifland. 
 
 IJUnao 
 
 0>rJS' 
 
 Laimun, lemon. 
 
 Locafa (3^AJ Lacaha, a company, tribe. 
 
 Lofada l:s^JU Lafaha, a ftrong guft of wind, 
 
 Lohoc v,JoJ Lo 6q, from Laaca lamber, 
 
 to lick. 
 
 jLuIetem ^^^ Luleeteim, two pearls. 
 
 ^iV^AGAON ^jjsxaaU a place in Africa in the 
 
 province of Ducala ; 
 meaning alfo {linking 
 water. 
 
 Macio 
 
( IW ) 
 
 Macio ^^tV^J^ Maclo, fmooth. From Ma-* 
 
 ^aha, poliflied. 
 
 Madraqal A>ai;tX^ Madraqa. From Dara^a, 
 
 he ftudied, a fchool for 
 reading and writing. 
 
 Madrid Cjf^U Maajreet. From Maajireet, 
 Madrit. running water, therefore 
 
 rightly called Madrit. 
 
 Magos ^JMJS^^ Majus, Majician, or fearcher 
 
 into myfteries, philofopher. 
 
 Mameluco CiTlX^^ Bought. Apurchafedllave* 
 
 Mancebo u^a^jJ^ Manfubon^ an enamoured 
 
 perfon. 
 
 Mandil ^.tX-vt Mandeel, a hair-cloth, ^ 
 
 coarfe apron. 
 
 Mangil J<?:w A fcjtlic. 
 
 Mapchll^ 
 
 Mai 
 
( 156 ) 
 
 Mar ^U Synonimous with Senlior fanto, 
 alfo a Lord, and rich man. 
 
 Maracotuon ^]c3\jJ A yellow peach grafted on 
 Saracoton a quince tree, woolly on 
 
 Woolly. the outfide. 
 
 Maravcdi 
 Marabateen. 
 
 People of Arabia, of the 
 fed; of Ali, oppofed to 
 Omar. From Rabata, 
 firm, compadl; which 
 the fe£l of Omar was 
 not. Maravedi is a word 
 ufed in reckoning, but 
 no coin. 
 
 Marlotu aLJ^ A Ihort drefs of the Per- 
 
 fians and Indians. 
 
 'Marquezita zj^.^ Piritcs in the veins of 
 
 metals. 
 
 Maftica aXLuo^ Maftich, commonly called 
 
 almccga. 
 
 Mafcara 
 
i 157 ) 
 
 Mafcara jt-snw^ Scoff and jeft; front 
 
 Sachara, in the fourth 
 conjugation. 
 
 « 
 Matamorra ^ij.:^.!^^ Cellar to keep v/heat 
 
 Matmuro. in ; from Tamar, to 
 
 hide under ground. 
 
 Matraca AiJo^ A wooden rattle with two 
 
 iron-rings, ufed to call 
 priefts to the choir in the 
 holy week; 
 
 From Terk, flriking a harp or lute. The an- 
 cients ufed rings at doors inftead of knockers, of 
 which Almeloveen has given us a plate, in Con- 
 jeftanea, p. 15C. 12mo. Amftel. l685. 
 
 ** For -none but that in honour live fhall touch my ring.'' 
 
 Matruxibaxi rJi^^ /^.iia^ Carrier of water 
 
 in fkins, or prin- 
 cipal water-car- 
 rier. 
 
 Mefquinho 
 
( 15d ) 
 
 Mcfquinho ^jcbv^*^ Poor, indigene. 
 
 Mulana U^j^ Our Lord. 
 
 Motrias y^ I Jk« A fite in Sentarem, fourf^h 
 
 miles from Lilbon. San- 
 tarem, or Santa Irene. Alfo 
 a bar, or bolt, acrofs a door. 
 From Turs, a fhield, or fe- 
 curity. 
 
 Mexuar jyi^^ An audience chamber, a place 
 of confultation, to deliberate 
 ^ in, where the king gives au- 
 dience. 
 
 Naru^o (j^t*';-' Narges, narciffus. 
 
 Nataf u^liaj ^noily mineral earth afford- 
 ing bitumen, ufed for burn- 
 ing like pit-coal. From Na- 
 tafqt, fliedding, flowing. 
 
 Nacar 
 
 :it 
 
C 150 ) 
 
 Nacar lUu Nacar^ painting of various co- 
 lours. 
 
 Nora V3^^ N^ura,, hydraulic machine, 
 
 ufed to draw water oi^t of 
 wells, cifterns, rivers. 
 
 Noradin {j^j^^J^^ Nureddin, light of re- 
 ligion, 
 
 Nunged tX^ljj Nauajed, tl^e, grinders* 
 
 Soufa quotes Avicenna, cap. v. p. 11» Thi 
 word for grinders is, v-j^ the plural of ujIJ 
 naub. 
 
 o. 
 
 pLEiD Ahmet v^.^' -J^J Ueleed Ahmed, 
 ■ ' a family fta:rrie', 
 
 a praife worthy 
 child, worthy 
 fon. Ahmed is 
 one of the names 
 ofMohammed, 
 
 Oquia 
 
( l6o ) 
 
 Oquia <V^ Uakia, an ounce. Twenty 
 
 ounces of gold make two 
 hundred and forty cruzados . 
 
 Oxafe aAJI l>ij! Enxa Allah, may it pleafe 
 
 God, 
 
 Papaoaio ^Lxaj Parrot. 
 
 Bebagha. ;_ 
 
 Paparras (j^'JI ^2^ Habberras, Seed for the 
 
 head. An herb called 
 Piolheira, whofe feed 
 kills, OS piolhos, lice. 
 
 Pateo iisN^J Pathaton. 
 
 f 
 
 r^^ 
 
 N. B. Pateo is a court, or yard. From 'utoltoq. 
 via cal5ata, in Greek. Soufa's word Bethet is 
 the flature of a man. 
 
 Pato loj Batton, a goofe, or duck. 
 
 Pagoda 
 
( 161 ) 
 
 Pagoda 
 Betkhoda. 
 
 Pendao 
 
 tOck c: 
 
 c:^ 
 
 God's image, idol, 
 temple. 
 
 cXaj Bendorin Perfian, a ftandard 
 with ftreamers carried in 
 proceffions. 
 
 Pir Beq ^^-^X^j-} Pir bee ; a Turkifli word 
 
 of military dignity, of 
 the rank of colonel. 
 
 Q 
 
 QlTIRAT 
 
 Liy; 
 
 Quirat : a carat, a feed of 
 Alfarroba, St. John's 
 bread, fix grains of 
 wheat, iifed by lliop 
 keepers. 
 
 R, 
 
 Rabique OljaI) Raveek, faCe-ornament ; 
 
 ■^JU 
 
 M 
 
 from Rue, or Ravac. 
 
 Recova 
 
( 162 ) 
 
 Recova ^J^J Rocoba, A company of horfe- 
 men, an attendant on horfe- 
 men. Rekubu'l koufej, the 
 cavalcade of an old man with- 
 out a beard, in the Perfian 
 Mafquerade, at the end of 
 winter. 
 
 Re cruel fa 
 
 ^u^j 
 
 Refma ^^JJ 
 
 Rihana 
 
 Robe 
 
 Roca 
 
 aJLstu 
 
 ^J 
 
 A little loaf with a hole 
 in it, ufed in the pro- 
 vince of Minho. A 
 loaf in the fhape of a 
 
 - ring at Oporto. 
 
 Refma de papel ; from Ra- 
 zama, a ream of paper. 
 
 Reehana, a garden, an 
 odoriferous herb. 
 
 V; 
 
 As 
 
 U^ 
 
 Fruit boiled to the confiftence 
 of honey. 
 
 Roca, (rock,) a diftafF for fpin- 
 ning thread, or wool, and 
 cotton. 
 
 Ro 
 
 maa 
 
( 103 ) 
 
 llomaa 
 
 i^l^j Rumman, the pomegranate. 
 Rummani, like a pomegra- 
 nate. Rummauyet, a difh 
 dreffed with the feeds and 
 juice of pomegranates. 
 
 S A c A a/Lj a duty for goods embarked. 
 
 Safena (^^1^ A vein of the knee divided 
 
 into three branches. 
 
 SafFo /^Lijoj 
 
 Sigapejo, or Sagapeno 
 
 Saflio, the fkin of a conger, 
 or hke it ; is derived from 
 Seflon, a bottom, or low 
 place. 
 
 <Xkw a fort of gum 
 much ufed 
 inthelhops. 
 
 Sagres Ji^ Sacron, a piece of artillery 
 
 fo called. 
 
 M2 
 
 Saguc.o 
 
{ 164 • ) 
 
 Saguao, Xaquau 
 
 s^:srw3 A Latin word, ex- 
 itus; in French 
 egput, a driiin, 
 Soufa derives it 
 from Senn. 
 
 Salamandra 
 Samandr. 
 
 jO^X^M 
 
 A lizard. 
 
 Sambuco Olj^xw <^jx^^ Boat, or pinnace. 
 
 Samerga Ah^j^>m An cxpofed fituation, 
 
 open to the fun. 
 
 Sanco 
 
 ^'U 
 
 A bird's leg. 
 
 Sak. 
 
 
 
 Sejana 
 
 (-JsS^>^ 
 
 Prifon. Chain. 
 
 Sardam 
 
 OJ^j^ 
 
 A green lizard fromLy- 
 bia, the land croco- 
 dile. 
 
 SarjentQ <Jf3^j>^ Sarjeng, a non-com- 
 
 miflioned officer ; 
 from 
 

 ( I6$ 
 
 ) 
 
 from Ser, head, and 
 
 Jung, war. In Dutch 
 
 Serjeant, as in Englifli. 
 
 Sarralho 
 
 ^•j- 
 
 Saraee, a palace. 
 
 Sarraquinos 
 
 c;^';"^ 
 
 Robbers ; from 
 Saraca, to rob. 
 
 Seara de trigo 
 
 ^j:^\.^ 
 
 Sahra, corn, juft be- 
 fore it is cut. 
 
 Sebel <J^>osM Sebel, vea febel with two 
 
 eyes, which phyficians call 
 dilatative, or branching. 
 Avicen. 
 
 Sega ^JCk) a plough, harveft time. 
 
 Semide »^Ax^>w Flower of wheat. 
 
 Sirage ^yf^si Oil of gergelim, orfefame, 
 
 Indian corn. 
 
 Sifamina c:^UjLm^^ Saon os offos miu- 
 Semfaneeat, dos das junduras 
 
 dos dedos das 
 
 maos, e dos pes. 
 
 M 3 Avic. 
 
( 106 ) 
 
 
 Avic. c. 25. p. 15. 
 Sound of the 
 fmall bones of the 
 joints of the fin- 
 gers and toes. 
 
 Soda 
 
 ccAa^ Soda, Pain in the head. 
 
 Sorvete 
 
 AJ.^4 Sherbet, any drink, in 
 Perfian and Arabic. 
 
 Sotta5 
 
 ^jioj^ Refer voir. 
 
 Sumagre 
 
 ^'1.^0^ Sumack, a tree, or 
 flirub. 
 
 T. 
 
 Tabarzet 
 
 Tabaxir 
 
 Tabaz 
 
 Dabaa 
 Dibo. 
 
 iVj^ 
 
 yfJi^iijJa 
 
 Tabarzad, white fu- 
 gar- candy. 
 
 Sugar of the bamboo. 
 
 Xa^ Tabaz means a leoa, a honefs, 
 and not o lobo, a wolf; arid 
 is called Dibo, and not 
 Tabaz. 
 
 Tabefp 
 
( 1^7 ) 
 
 Tabefe 
 
 Tabique 
 
 ^ 
 
 aL Tabiche, warm ewe's 
 
 milk thickened with 
 flour and fugar. 
 
 ^^JuaL? a divifion made by 
 
 boards and hoops, 
 or wattles. 
 
 Tufam o4y Typhon, a whirlwind. 
 
 X 
 
 Xekgao 
 
 
 uJyi, Hangings. 
 
 Xaroco 
 
 "-br 
 
 An eafterly wind, land 
 " * or fea breeze. 
 
 Xaropo 
 
 u^i^ 
 
 Syrup. Sherabati, a maker 
 of fyrup, a weak wine. 
 Bee keefa, without in- 
 ' toxication. 
 
 Xeque 
 
 ^^ 
 
 Title of honour and 
 dignity. 
 
 M4 
 
 Xarife 
 
( 168 ) 
 
 Xarife ^Jj*** Title of prince in Barbary. 
 
 Xauter J^^ An experienced guide in 
 
 the deferts of Arabia. 
 
 Xelma l^L^ Snare for birds, or arma- 
 
 dilha. 
 
 Xo ^4i A word ufed in flopping beafts 
 
 of burden. 
 
 >■-'■ 
 
 Xorcas ^-^ - Bracelets and rings that 
 
 the women wear round 
 the ankles. 
 
 z. 
 
 Zabra ^^j An African boat. 
 
 Zara J^j Zehr, a flower. Zchrabenet 
 
 Jefu, a flower of the race of 
 the Mefliah, the name of a 
 woman. 
 
 Zoramp 
 
( 169 ) 
 
 Zorame jX^^ Solhame, a white cloak 
 
 made of the fineft wool- 
 
 Zorzal Jjh) Zarzur, a ftarling. 
 
 Zerbo ujj Zcrbon, a term in anatomy, 
 
 a canal, or duft. 
 
 Zigue zigue juj jljj Tlie creaking found 
 
 of a door, opening 
 and fhutting, of a 
 new mat. 
 
 Zizaiiia O^ji Tares, darnel. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
i.rn 
 
AFPENBIX. 
 
 The extraft which I have here given, is from 
 Mr. Wilkins's Sanfcrita Grammar, and, I may 
 add, Dictionary, which for elegance of type, 
 excellence of arrangement, and lucid order, is far 
 above my praife. The Hitopadefa, or Amicable 
 Inftruftion, firft known by the unmeaning ap- 
 pellation of Pilpay, Elephant's Foot, and Bid- 
 pay, Fat, or Splay Foot, Fables, is the original 
 of ^fop, whofe real name was Efwed, or Efud, 
 from the Arabic word cW»^l black. This 
 ftrengthens the opinion of the Arabs, that iE fop 
 was a Nubian, or Abyffinian ; and makes it more 
 than probable, that he and Lokman were one 
 and the fame. The knowledge of the prinii- 
 tive language to thofe who are fcnt to India, 
 muft be of incalculable utility for the difcovcry 
 of the xocipoc ev^XL^JLU^Vy or lucky moment m 
 the Hindoo Almanacks, which is there pointed 
 out in Sanfcrit, and intelligible only to the ini- 
 tiated. 
 
( 172 ) 
 
 tiated. Thanks to Mr. Wilkins and the accom- 
 plifhed Pundit in the Edinburgh Review, we 
 may now know which day is marked with 
 chalk, and which -with coal, in fpite of the 
 Brahmans, in whofe ikulls all the light has been 
 hitherto locked up, as it 1/vds heretofore in the 
 lanthorn of Ariftotle. 
 
 The Sanfcrit, Greek, Roman, and German 
 languages, touch in many points, and in nothing 
 more than in their privatives. Soor, good ; Af- 
 foor, not good^ Sutty, faithful; Afiltty, unfaith- 
 ful. Y^OCKOV, CYil; QCtocKdy, good, Felix, infe- 
 lix; and in German, Tugend, virtue; Untugend, 
 vice. 
 
 The fables of Bidpai, or Sanfcrit Apologues, 
 have, it is well known, undergone a viariety of 
 verfions into Peffic, Arabic, Hebf^w, Greek, and 
 Latin, befidcs Italian, Sparirihj and German. 
 The Hebrew, by Rabbi Joel, Jiad diftf>pcared in 
 1^97^ when Scbaftian Gottofred Starkey, pub- , 
 liflied the Greek and Latin at Berlin ; the an- 
 dent Latin is direftly from the Hebrew, by 
 John de Capua, and the Spanifh from the old 
 
 Latin. 
 
( 173 ) 
 
 Latin. From the Latin canr e the Gennan with 
 this title, Beyfpiel'der alten We} fen vai^Giefehr 
 lecht zu Gefchlecht, with ono Imndred and 
 twenty-five plates. This edition of 1 4 8 3 is,- per-- 
 haps, ftill in the library at Ulm. Tbe:j(J:cee-k 
 verfion was made by Simeon Sc thy -ar^hyfigiai?,; 
 and by order of Alexis Comnenus, in the elevexithv 
 century, and tranilated by Poffinus, and ftill 
 clofer by Starkius. 
 
 My principal intention is to fhow, that if the 
 metre, which we call hexameter from the qum^ 
 her of its feet, is common to four languages, and 
 if the Sanfcrita be proved to be the original, the 
 Greeks, Romans, and Germans have either bor- 
 rowed it, or fallen into it from fome unaccoiint- 
 able refemblance in their language to thcjt of the 
 Hindoos. I may alfo add, that the identity of 
 metre of any four languages, three of which arc 
 ancient and one modern, affords no fmall pro- 
 bability of their dependence and derivation one 
 from the other, efpecially if that metre confift 
 of daftylsand fpondees, which are under no obli- 
 gation for their harmony to the rhythm of blank 
 verfe, or the rhyme of heroick mcafnre. 
 
 The' 
 
( 174 ) 
 
 The reduftion in the Greek, Latin, and Ger- 
 man languages, of the cafes of nouns, which are 
 more in number in the Sanfcrit, and the abridg- 
 ment of declenfions are, no doubt, a^ ftrong a 
 prefumption of fecondary improvement, as that 
 the beft didionary is the laft. 
 
 The Sanfcrit language refembles the Greek 
 and Latin, in the formation of the cafes of its 
 nouns, and declenfions of its verbs, and particu- 
 larly in the termination in mi, which it feems, is 
 anomalous in the Greek. I do not know, if this 
 be worth mentioning, as the Sanfcrit termination 
 is owing to the pronoun fuffixed, as in Afmi, am 
 I ; Jivami, live I : but in the Greek there is no 
 trace of the pronoun eyw ; none indeed of eyw, 
 but fome of Iw, w hich was the old Doric mode 
 of writing, as we learn from the Scholiaft of 
 Ariftophanes, yoo(,(ps\cci KOU loo dvri rov syw, 
 in is alfo written for ego, and by dropping the 
 laft vowel in ^i^o^fjiiu) it will be ^i^c^i^i, give I, 
 like the Sanfcrit. The word Barbara, a barba- 
 rian, claimed by fo many languages, and ex- 
 plained by fo many etymologifts, is Sanfcrit; as 
 
 is 
 
( 175^ ) 
 is alfo Moorhata, fooliflinefs, with the Greeks, 
 fXocpoTY}^, which they, as they are wont, de- 
 rived from TO [AYi opOLV in their own language, 
 from not feeing, or from ^y] Spx not having 
 forefight. 
 
 Maha nandi, in the Bifnagur language, which 
 is Sanfcrit, means great pleafure, as it does in 
 Greek; jwsya avc5ave/v, to pleafe greatly. Eufta- 
 thius^s reduced to an abfurdity in his derivation 
 of [Asyx from fxri yr\y no longer on earth, but 
 above it. 
 
 As it is my defign to exhibit a fpecimen of 
 Greek and Sanfcrit parallels at the end of the 
 work, I fliall proceed to the main bufinefs, and 
 tranfcribe the Sanfcrit verfes, placing at their 
 head the name of a prieft in Ceylon, whofe name 
 is an hexameter. 
 
 Velliveriet Sangarakeeta teroa wahanfey. 
 
 1. Ajaramavarat prajno vidyam arthancha chin- 
 
 tayet. 
 
 2, Grihit'(a) iva Kqfefhu mrityuna dharman 
 
 acharet 
 
 3. Vidya 
 
( m ) 
 
 3. Vidya d^dOiti vinayam vinayad yati patratam 
 
 4. Patratwad d'hanam aptoti d*hanad dharmas 
 
 tatah fuckam. 
 
 5. Sarva drayefhu vidyaiva vittam ahur anutta- 
 
 man 
 fi. Aharyatwad anarghyatwat aklhayatwach cha 
 
 farvada. 
 y. Sangam nayati viduaivanichagapi naram farit 
 8. Samudramiva durdhardfliam nripam bhag- 
 
 yamatah param. 
 
 THE ENGLISH IN THE ORDER OF THE WORDS. 
 
 Like one not fubjcft to fickncfs, and death, a 
 wife man faience and wealth fliould con- 
 fider. 
 
 N. B. Cha at the end of arthan means 
 and^ as the Latin que does, and is 
 always joined to another word in 
 both languages. 
 
 2. Seized as one by the hairs of the head by 
 death, the duties of religion he fliould 
 praftife. 
 
 3. Knowledge 
 
( ^n ) 
 
 5* Knowledge giveth humility, from humility 
 
 he attaineth worth. 
 4* Fi'om worth, wealth he attaineth, from 
 
 wealth the power of being religious, from 
 
 thence happinefs. 
 
 5. Of all things knowledge, alfo treafure is 
 
 efteemed the greateft. 
 
 6. From incapacity to be ftolen, from incapa- 
 
 city to be given away, from incapacity 
 to be deftroyed. 
 
 7. ConduiSeth knowledge alfo to acquaintance, 
 
 a man, as ♦ 
 
 8. The humble ftream to the ocean, hard to be 
 
 attained to the prince, to good fortune 
 after this. 
 
 GERMAN. 
 
 EiN Weifer foil Kentnifs und auch Gluckfguter 
 betrachten, 
 
 1. Als der, der kein Sklave der Krankheit, und 
 
 Sterblickheit 1ft. 
 
 2. 'Er follte Religion, und deren Pflichte fo uben 
 H Als der, der vom Tode in die Haare er- 
 
 grlffet. 
 
 N 3. Kentnifs 
 
( 1/8 ) ' • 
 
 3. Kentnifs fchcnket Demuth, Deituth Kront /»^ 
 
 • ihm mit Wiirde. 
 
 4 . Durch Wiirde Komt Reichthum, uiid Gewalt 
 
 giebt um felig zu feyn. 
 
 5. Sey Kentnifs dein groflefter Schatz, und un- 
 
 moglich mufs werden 
 6": Eigene Verfchenkung, Raubung, Zernich- 
 tung von Feinden. 
 
 7. Sanft fchleicht fich derBach zum Weltmcerc, 
 
 wie Weifeit zu Freunden, 
 
 8. Und Freunde zum ftolzert Fiirften, die bcg- 
 
 lucken das Leben, 
 
 GREEK- 
 
 AcT crc(pov oc'A/ pjo3iv, &eoc ocCx yv^aitr^K^ 
 
 Kcu uxzoio'^' 'UTiXv]^)^ ^s ^XY}iAoavvr} f^h d^io^n, 
 Etc x'A.cocg J>3 FvwV/^ oiyei, dg eig oCkx UTYjyri, 
 
 LATIN. 
 
( ^^Q ) 
 
 L ATI NT. 
 
 ViR faplens, tanquam Deus, alta mente reponat 
 Dodlrinamque et opes, et ficut morte prehenlus 
 Summo in crine caput, colat alti numina coeli. 
 Scire humilem facit ; atque humili non dignior 
 
 audit 
 Divitiis ; opibusque datur divina poteftas , 
 Numina adorandi, ante obitum dicique beatus. 
 Optima dodrina eft ante omnia, quam nequc 
 
 furta, 
 Quam neque dona valent^'-neque rerum abolere 
 
 vetuftas ; 
 Ilia hominum ad c^tus quoquc ducit, ut ad 
 
 mare rivus, 
 
 *■ ■ ■ 
 
 Difficilemque aditu regem, yitamque beatam. 
 
 To thefe Sanfcrit hexameters may be added 
 the motto, in two verfcs of fix feet, to Mr. Wil- 
 kins's Grammar, and the diftich at p. 34. 
 
 Saufha Dafaratha Rama, Sauflia raja Yudhlfli- 
 
 th'hira, 
 Sauflaa Kama maha Tayaga, Sauflia Bhima 
 
 maha vala. 
 
 N 2 Ille 
 
( 180 ) 
 Ille hie Dafarathi natus Rama, rex Udlflith'hira 
 Ille hie largus opum Kama, et Bhima roborc 
 ma^no. 
 
 For a fpecinien of a Sanfcrit pentameter wc 
 have a -defcription of the feafons, as they fueeeed 
 one another in Hindoftan, in a fmgle line of five 
 feet. 
 
 Seefar, heemant, Vafant, Greeflima, Varfa, Surat. 
 Dewy, cold, mild, hot, rainy, dry, 
 or breaking up of the fains. See notes to the 
 Geeta. 
 
 Mahabala, or Maha Vala, is a title of th^ 
 king of Seenghala Dweepa, who is called in the 
 Hitopadefa, the Sarafa Mahabala. Heetopades, 
 p. 258. 
 
 lihall 
 
( 181 ) 
 
 I fliall conclude this Appendix with a ' few 
 Sanfcrit words, out of a confiderable number, 
 which are found to have the fame meaning in 
 other languages. 
 
 Sanscrit. Graek. Persian. English. French. Latin, 
 
 Eka ^ u;^ 
 
 Aper — — 
 
 Dakfhina — — 
 
 Each 
 
 = 
 
 -t...:^ 
 
 Afier 
 
 Aprc^s 
 
 rr-.-:^. r 
 
 — r- 
 
 ^ 
 
 Dextlma. 
 
 
 — — 
 
 N.B.TJifi 
 
 a»cieiU$' 
 faJd for 
 
 
 " ~ 
 
 dextro.^ 
 finiil£Q, 
 ^dcxtimo et 
 
 
 
 CciftiiDO«( 
 Feaus. 
 SalluJi. 
 
 Bell, .f?^ 
 
 gurth. is, 
 
 100. 
 Pratam 
 
( 18^ ) 
 
 SaMKRIT. GrKSK. PcRStAlf. Ekglisr. Fkznch. Latik. 
 
 Pratam 
 Firft. 
 
 ^^OCTQV — 
 
 *"~ 
 
 *~~ 
 
 — 
 
 
 Charam 
 
 ^ 
 
 Akir 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 .« 
 
 
 Laft 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mayata 
 
 — 
 
 uu 
 
 -. 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 
 He dies 
 
 
 Mala, 
 he is dead, 
 in Arabic. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Datum 
 
 -~ 
 
 ^^cilvi 
 
 ^ 
 
 Spanish. 
 
 Datum 
 
 
 To give 
 
 
 
 
 
 Given 
 
 
 Da 
 
 — 
 
 8^ 
 
 —• 
 
 ^ 
 
 Da, give 
 
 4 
 
 i 
 
 Vara 
 
 ^ 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 Varon 
 
 Baro 
 
 
 A hero 
 
 
 
 
 A man, 
 in Spanifli. 
 
 a foldier. 
 
 
 Pura 
 Become 
 
 ^- 
 
 Pur 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 
 full 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Nabha, 
 
 -> 
 
 — 
 
 Nabs 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 
 hurds by 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 feizing for- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cibly, un- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 awares. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Tapa 
 Shines 
 
 
 Splendor, 
 to fhine. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mans 
 
( 183 ) 
 
 Sai7Sc&it« GafiSK. Fsrsiah. Emoliah. Frekch. Latin, 
 
 Mana •• /^JLjU^ — ■-* -^ 
 
 Know, Minding, 
 
 Mind, being anxious 
 
 about. 
 
 Arabic, 
 Lupa — » — Lopped, *— --• 
 
 cut off. 
 
 INDEX 
 
INBEX OF NAMES. 
 
 Ambrosio Morales/ p. 
 
 xvii. 
 Abderrahman, — Intro- 
 
 du(5lion, p. v. 
 Alphons Vlllth, p. xv. 
 Alhambra, p. xxvi. 
 Alfaifuli. 
 Arabian Sappho, p. xvi. 
 
 tale, p. 122. 
 
 proverb, p. 1 36. 
 
 Alixares de Granada, p. 
 xxvi. Alixar is a term 
 of builders, a jamb of 
 a door, any thing that 
 covers an edifice, or a 
 body, from jj\ azara 
 in the Second Conju- 
 gation. 
 Ben Tafufa (Yahya), p. 
 
 114. 
 Cervantes, — Advertife- 
 
 ment. 
 Calecut, p. 112. 
 Cafiri, p. xvi. 
 Porrea de Serra, p. xxx, 
 
 Diarbekr, p. 11 5. 
 Deguignes, p. xiv, xv. 
 Duarte Nunes de Leao, 
 
 p. 108. 
 Ebn Haukal, p. 39# 
 Fines, p. Il6. 
 Florez, p. xvi. 
 Gagnier, p. g. 
 Haleem, p. 122. 
 Harras, p. ii6. 
 Hormuz, p. 120. 
 Heetopades, — Appendix. 
 Hexameters, — Appendix 
 Julian, Count, — Intro- 
 duction, p. i. 
 .King, p. 122. 
 LfS'tters to and from Don 
 
 Mavioueel, p. lOQ. 
 Milton, — Advertifement. 
 Martel, Charles,— Intro- 
 
 dudlion, p. vi. 
 Manoueel, p. 109, 112, 
 
 115. 
 — — , de Faria, p. 
 
 108. 
 O 
 
 Notice 
 
( 186 ) 
 
 Notice of an Arabic MSS. Sybarites, p. xxxvii. 
 
 on Agriculture, in the Soufa^ John, p. 108. 
 
 twelfth Century, p. Scholiaft of Ariftoph.— * 
 
 xxix. . -- , y , . , Appendix. 
 
 Ormus, in Periiari'Hor- oanfcrit, — Appendix. 
 
 muz, p. J] 5. r ^: Turrecremata, p. xxxiv. 
 
 Proverb, Span. p. xix. Vafco da Gama, p. ^l 10. 
 
 Plat^ (^er^ld, p. xxx. Fernandas, p. 121. 
 
 Queftion of Haleem, p. Ulled, Sir, p. lOO. 
 
 122. — Like, the Abbe , Wife, p. ix. 
 
 Mauri's, to the Pari- ; Wilkins,-— Appendix. 
 
 iians. Would yo^fe^^ Xaquimate, p. 101. 
 
 better were I on the-^ Xeque Xarave, p. 101. 
 
 lantern poft? Yahya, p. 114. 
 
 Koderic, — Introduaion, , ^agri, p, xxxii. 
 
 p. }. Zeit aben ^e^t, p. xxi, 
 
 Shakefpeane,— Adyertife- 
 
 ment. 
 
ERRATA. 
 
 40. C^aJuwJI read AiD*.A>wJl 
 
 68. houfeman, read horfeman. 
 
 155. <J.3:^A^, read <J^:SW^ 
 
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