; OK A' AS FT! 
 
 REPORT 
 
 [XIVERSITY, LAND AND BUILDING 
 
 PUBLISHED BV AUTHORITY. 
 
 OLYMIMA, WASH.: 
 ('. WHITE. ^TATK 1'RINTKU. 
 
STA/TE OF 
 
 REPOKT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY LAND AND BUILDING Ci 
 
 1893. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY. 
 
 OLYMPIA, WASH. : 
 O. C. WHITE, . . . STATE PRINTER. 
 
 1892. 
 
UP 
 
 
REPORT. 
 
 SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, Nov. 29, 1892. 
 To the Governor: 
 
 We respectfully submit herewith the report of the Board of Uni- 
 versity Land and Building Commissioners, appointed under the act 
 of the legislature, approved March 7, 1891, entitled "An act pro- 
 viding for the establishment, location, maintenance and support of 
 the University of Washington." (Session Laws, 1891, p. 229.) 
 
 Pursuant to sec. 1 of said act, the board of regents of the Uni- 
 versity, on May 12, 1891, appointed James R. Hayden, of Seattle, 
 a member of the new board; he entered upon his duties May 16, 
 1891. March 14, 1891, the executive appointed John Arthur, of 
 Seattle; John McReavy, of Union City, and Charles F. Leaven- 
 worth, of Olympia, as members for four years. 
 
 Pursuant to sec. 2, the acting governor and the members so ap- 
 pointed by him met in the city of Seattle, at 1 P. M. , on the first 
 Monday in April, A. D. 1891, and organized the board. They elected 
 John Arthur, of Seattle, president pro tempore; Martin D. Smith, 
 of Spokane, secretary; William E. Boone, of Seattle, architect and 
 superintendent of construction. April 15, 1891, Fred G. Plummer, 
 of Tacoma, was appointed chief engineer. Secretary Smith resigned 
 his position June 15, 1891. Upon his resignation the board elected 
 James R. Hayden as secretary, without salary, and authorized him 
 to employ an assistant. 
 
 DEEDS FOR OLD UNIVERSITY SITE. 
 
 Immediately upon the organization of the board, one of its mem- 
 bers was instructed to procure the deeds referred to in sec. 5 of the 
 act creating the board, reading as follows: 
 
 "SEC. 5. As soon as practicable after the original donors, their succes- 
 sors or assigns, and the corporate authorities of the city of Seattle have 
 executed and delivered to the Board of University Land and Building 
 Commissioners deeds in proper form, forever quitclaiming and releasing 
 to the State of Washington all claims of right, title interest and estate, of 
 
STATE UNIVERSITY 
 
 every name and nature, they may have, as the successors in interest, or 
 otherwise, of the town of Seattle, or any other party, in and to a certain 
 tract of land, containing ten acres more or less, in the city of Seattle, now 
 known and occupied as the site of the University of Washington, which 
 said ten acre tract was conveyed to the Territory of Washington by A. A. 
 Denny and wife, C. C. Terry and wife and Edward Lander, in April, 1861^ 
 which deeds shall be duly recorded in the office of the county auditor, 
 said Board of University Land and Building Commissioners shall proceed 
 to locate the University on a tract of land not to exceed one hundred and 
 sixty acres of the fractional school section described as follows, to wit: 
 Section sixteen (16) in township twenty-five, north of range four east, 
 which said fractional school section is within a radius of six miles of the 
 present site of the University of Washington, in the city of Seattle." 
 
 All those deeds were procured and filed for record within a little 
 more than one month from the date of the organization of the board. 
 
 TEN ACRE TRACT IN SEATTLE. 
 
 Immediately upon the recording of the quitclaim deeds from all 
 parties in interest to the old University site in Seattle, the board 
 directed the chief engineer to make a careful survey of that ten acre 
 tract and prepare a plat of it in lots and blocks, conformably to the 
 plan of the adjoining portion of the city of Seattle. Early in the 
 summer of 1891 he did so. The plat made by him has not been ex- 
 ecuted by the board, for reasons stated below. 
 
 In compliance with section six of the law, the acting governor ap- 
 pointed Hon. Miles C. Moore, of Walla Walla; the mayor of Seattle 
 appointed Hon. M.S. Drew, of Seattle; and the board appointed Rob- 
 ert Wingate, of Tacoma, as the appraisers of the tract. Mr. Win- 
 gate was absent from the state at the time designated for the 
 meeting of the appraisers, and the board appointed Isaac W. An- 
 derson, of Tacoma, in his stead. Messrs. Moore, Drew and Ander- 
 son duly met and qualified, and organized by choosing Mr. Moore 
 as chairman and Mr. Anderson as secretary. In August, 1891, they 
 made an examination of the tract for the purpose of appraising it 
 by lots, by blocks, and as a whole. At the close of the investiga- 
 tions made by them concerning the condition of the real estate 
 market in Seattle at that time, and the prices which could be ob- 
 tained for lots in the University tract, we learned that their valua- 
 tion, in detail and as a whole, would fall far below the prices for 
 which we would consent to sell. At that time there was no activity 
 in real property business in Seattle or in any other part of the state. 
 There was no demand for high priced city property. 
 
LAND AND BUILDING COMMISSION. 
 
 We unanimously decided to sell no part of the tract during the 
 continuance of the financial stagnation then prevailing. We there- 
 fore requested the appraisers to postpone the making of the appraise- 
 ment to such time as the board should thereafter indicate. They 
 did so. We have not yet called upon those gentlemen to complete 
 the task which they kindly undertook for us. 
 
 It will be seen by reference to section six of the act, that the board 
 is not clothed with the discretionary power to reject all bids for the 
 property which it considers too low. If the best bid be as high as 
 the appraised value, the bidder is entitled to the land, even though 
 the board deem his bid much too low. The language of the act is: 
 
 "At the time appointed for the sale the board shall publicly open and 
 announce all bids received, by mail or otherwise, and invite other bids. 
 The highest bid made on the day of sale shall be accepted, unless it is less 
 than the appraised value of the parcel of land bid for, in which event the 
 board shall postpone the sale and re-advertise." 
 
 We regard this want of discretionary power as a defect in the 
 law. The board should be given authority to reject a bid for any 
 parcel of the land, or for the whole tract, when in its judgment the 
 price bid is inadequate; just as it has the power to reject at its dis- 
 cretion all bids for the construction of buildings which it deems too 
 high. 
 
 This ten acre tract is the most valuable piece of property which 
 the state possesses. It should not be sold for less than one-half 
 million dollars ($500,000). It ought to be held until it brings from 
 $750,000 to $1,000,000. 
 
 Had the appraisement been made during the monetary depression 
 of 1 89 1 and the property been sold as the act contemplates, it is doubt- 
 ful whether we could have realized one hundred and fifty thousand 
 dollars ($150,000) from it. No member of the board would give his 
 consent to the making of such a sacrifice, even for the purpose of 
 building a new university. 
 
 Being situated in the heart of the largest city in the state, no 
 other land owned by the state will grow so rapidly in value. With 
 a population of one hundred thousand in Seattle this tract will 
 bring a full million dollars. This increase of population will be 
 realized within the next five years. The proceeds arising from the 
 sale of this tract should be applied to the erection of the buildings 
 needed, with the main building, to make a real university. The 
 fund for the construction of the main building, the engine house 
 
6 WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY 
 
 and the dormitories, dining room and kitchen, and for the improve- 
 ment of the grounds, should be provided from some other source. 
 Sec. 17 of the enabling act of congress grants to Washington 
 "for state charitable, educational, penal and reformatory institu- 
 tions two hundred thousand acres" of the public lands. It is clear 
 that no part of this grant was intended for common schools, for 
 the scientific school or for the normal schools, or for public build- 
 ings at the state capital. Munificent grants are provided for these 
 institutions, and are followed by this general grant of two hundred 
 thousand acres. One-half of this grant should be allotted to the 
 University. With an endowment of 100,000 acres, in addition to 
 the quantity yet to be selected under the old reservation of two 
 townships, those buildings could be constructed, and the University 
 grounds cleared and beautified, without trenching upon the ten acre 
 tract in Seattle. 
 
 QUANTITY OF LANDS TO BE SELECTED. 
 
 Sec. 4 of the act reads as follows: 
 
 "The Board of University Land and Building Commissioners are 
 hereby authorized and directed to ascertain how much land is left of the 
 grant made to the State of Washington for university purposes by the act 
 of congress, commonly called the enabling act, approved February 22, A. D. 
 1889; how much has been selected and remains unsold; how much re- 
 mains to be selected, and shall select the quantity yet to be selected as 
 rapidly as possible in the manner prescribed by law." 
 
 At its meeting on April 7, 1891, the board instructed one of its 
 members "to proceed to the city of Washington and examine in 
 the general land office the original lists of selections of lauds in the 
 Territory of Washington for university purposes, and to procure 
 certified copies thereof, and to do all matters and things in relation 
 thereto which he shall find expedient and necessary." 
 
 In compliance with this instruction, he went in the latter part of 
 May, 1891, to the city of Washington and made the examination 
 as required. He procured certified copies of the various lists of 
 lands selected by the authorities of the Territory of Washington 
 for university purposes under the reservation of two townships of 
 land made by congress July 17, 1854, and the act of the legislative 
 assembly of the Territory of Washington authorizing the sale of 
 the lands so reserved; together with copies of documents on file in 
 the general land office bearing upon the selection and sale of these 
 lands by the territorial authorities, and considered important as 
 
LAND AND BUILDING COMMISSION. 
 
 throwing light on the proceedings by which the State of Washing- 
 ton has been deprived of nearly all of the forty-six thousand and 
 eighty acres reserved by congress in 1854. 
 
 At that time twenty-one lists of such selections by the territorial 
 authorities had been approved by the land department. These lists 
 embrace an aggregate of 44,909 ^ acres. November 4, 1891, the 
 land department approved list No. 22 for 160 acres. This leaves 
 one thousand and ten and r 5 o 4 o 1,010^& acres still due the state. 
 
 UNSELECTED LANDS. 
 
 The board has made no selection of the lands still due to the state 
 for the University. Soon after it had ascertained the exact amount 
 unselected, all work upon the construction of the University was 
 stopped, as will be narrated hereafter, and the board was deprived 
 of the means wherewith to have the lands properly examined and 
 selected, and the necessary non-mineral affidavits made in the United 
 States land offices. Each forty acre tract selected must be carefully 
 examined, and the examiner must make affidavit to that fact, and 
 also that there is not, to his knowledge, within the limits thereof, 
 any lode or vein of quartz, or other rock in place, bearing gold, sil- 
 ver, cinnabar, lead, tin or copper, or any deposit of coal ; that there 
 is not, within the limits thereof, to his knowledge any placer, cement, 
 gravel or other valuable mineral deposit; that no portion thereof 
 is claimed for mining purposes under the local customs or rules of 
 miners or otherwise ; that no portion thereof is worked for mineral 
 during any portion of the year by any person or persons ; and that 
 the land is essentially non-mineral land, and that the application 
 therefor is not made for the purpose of fraudulently obtaining title 
 to mineral land, but with the object of securing said land for agri- 
 cultural purposes. The board has made unremitting efforts to se- 
 cure such examination of the amount of lands still due to it, but has 
 entirely failed, owing to the lack of funds wherewith to pay the 
 necessary expenses. 
 
 SELECTED LANDS UNSOLD. 
 
 Shortly before the preparation of this report, Mr. Daniel Bagley, 
 formerly president of the Board of University Commissioners, 
 which had charge of the University lands, informed us that he had 
 in his possession data showing that about 2,000 acres of the lands 
 selected by the University, and approved by the land department of 
 
WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY 
 
 the United States, still remain unsold. We have not yet received 
 such data. As the matter stands, it is simply impossible for the 
 board to determine what lands have been sold by the former author- 
 ities, and what lands are still owned by the state for the University. 
 The act creating this board makes no provision for the transfer to 
 it of such records concerning those lands as remain in the possession 
 of the board of regents. We applied to the board of regents for 
 the delivery of those records to us. The regents, finding no authority 
 for doing so, refused the application. Subsequently they gave us 
 some memoranda, which are so brief, disconnected and unintel- 
 ligible as to be worthless. The records and data which Mr. Bagley 
 refers to are in his own possession, and have always been treated 
 by him as his property. This board ought to have in its pos- 
 session all existing records and data concerning the sales which have 
 been made. 
 
 This act is further defective in failing to give the board authority 
 to sell university lands, other than the ten acre tract in Seattle. 
 Such authority, under proper restrictions, should be conferred, un- 
 less the legislature can, without such sales, provide the means for 
 carrying on, during the next two years, the expensive work of con- 
 structing a creditable university and of putting a large tract of 
 timbered land in suitable condition therefor. 
 
 LOCATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 At its meeting on the 5th day of August, 1891, the board located 
 the University of Washington. August 6, 1891, it adopted the fol- 
 lowing declaration of such location: 
 
 WHEREAS, The legislature of the State of Washington, by an act ap- 
 proved on the 7th day of March, A. D. 1891, entitled, "An act providing 
 for the establishment, location, maintenance and support of the Univer- 
 sity of Washington," provided for the establishment of the Board of Uni- 
 versity Land and. Building Commissioners, to be charged with the duty of 
 carrying said act into effect; and, 
 
 WHEREAS, The members of the said board were duly appointed and 
 commissioned, as in said act provided, and duly organized said board on 
 the 6th day of April, A. D. 1891, being the first Monday in said month, as 
 therein provided; and, 
 
 WHEREAS, The original donors, their successors and assigns, and the 
 corporate authorities of the city of Seattle, have executed and delivered 
 to said Board of University Land and Building Commissioners deeds in 
 proper form, forever quitclaiming and releasing to the State of Washing- 
 ton all claim of right, title, interest and estate, of every name and nature, 
 
LAND AND BUILDING COMMISSION. 9 
 
 they might have had as successors, in interest or otherwise, of the town 
 of Seattle, or any other property in and to that certain tract of land, con- 
 taining ten (10) acres, more or less, in the city of Seattle, now known and 
 occupied as the site of the University of Washington, which said ten acre 
 tract was conveyed to the Territory of Washington by A. A. Denny and 
 wife, C. C. Terry and wife and Edward Lander, in April, 1861, which said 
 deeds have been duly recorded in the records of the county of King, State 
 of Washington; and, 
 
 WHEREAS, All and singular, the provisions of the said act of the legis- 
 lature have been by said board duly complied with and carried into 
 effect: 
 
 \'r, therefore, In consideration of the premises, the said Board of Uni- 
 versity Land and Building Commissioners, at its regular semi-monthly 
 meeting, held at its office in the city of Seattle, on the 5th day of August, 
 A. D. 1891, did duly locate the University of Washington on a tract of 
 land not exceeding 160 acres of the fractional school section, described as 
 follows, to wit: Section 16, township 25 north of range 4 east, which said 
 fractional school section is within a radius of six miles of the present site 
 of the University of Washington, in the eity of Seattle, which said tract 
 of land is more particularly described as follows, to wit: Beginning 
 at the quarter section corner on the west boundary of section 16, town- 
 ship 25 north, range 4 east, Willamette meridian: run thence east 32 
 chains, north 80 east 18.50 chains, east 6.88 chains to the shore of Lake 
 Washington; thence with the meanders of the lake south 3 west 22.30 
 chains, south 1630' east 24 chains, south 36 west 8 chains, south 345' 
 west 6.93 chains, to the fractional section corner to sections 16 and 21; 
 thence west 27.08 chains to the fractional section corner to sections 16 and 
 21 on Lake Union; thence with the meanders of the lake north 25 west 
 20 chains, north 8330' west 4.68 chains, to the fractional section corner 
 between sections 16 and 17; thence north 20.78 chains to the place of be- 
 ginning, containing 160 acres, according to the government survey, and 
 covers all of the fractional south half, and a portion of lot number 3 of 
 said section, and fronts directly upon Lake Washington and Lake Union; 
 and which said tract is, pursuant to the provisions of section 5 of said act, 
 hereby forever reserved from disposal or sale, and dedicated exclusively 
 to university educational purposes. 
 
 In witness whereof , The Board of University Land and Building Com- 
 missioners, namely, John Arthur, John McReavy, Charles F. Leaven- 
 worth, and James R. Hayden, have hereunto set their hands and affixed 
 the official seal of said board, this 6th day of August, A. D. 1891. 
 
 JOHN ARTHUR. 
 JOHN MCREAVY, 
 CHARLES F. LEAVENWORTH, 
 JAMES R. HAYDEN, 
 Board of University Land and Building Commissioners. 
 
 Done by the board: JOHN ARTHTR, President pro tewpore. 
 
 Attest: JAMES R. HAYDEN, Secretary. 
 [SEAL OF THE BOARD.] 
 
 Executed in presence of W. E. Boone, Isaac W. Anderson, Jos. W. 
 Gregory. 
 
10 WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY 
 
 STATE OF WASHINGTON, COUNTY OF KING, ss. 
 
 This is to certify that on the 6th day of August, A. D. 1891, before me, 
 Jos. W. Gregory, a notary public in and for the State of Washington, duly 
 commissioned and sworn, personally appeared John Arthur, John Mc- 
 Reavy, Charles F. Leavenworth and James R. Hayden, to me known to 
 be the identical persons described in and who executed the foregoing in- 
 strument, and severally acknowledged to me that they executed the same, 
 as the Board of University Land and Building Commissioners of the State 
 of Washington, and for and on behalf of the State of Washington, freely 
 and voluntarily, for the uses and purposes therein mentioned. 
 
 Witness my hand and official seal, this 6th day of August, A. D. 1891. 
 
 Jos. W. GREGORY, 
 
 Notary Public in and for the State of Washington, residing in Seattle. 
 [NOTARIAL SEAL.] 
 
 ARCHITECT'S REPORT. 
 
 We present herewith the report of William E. Boone, the archi- 
 tect (omitting the appendix and plat therein mentioned). It will 
 be seen that it treats succinctly a genuine university system not 
 a mere high school : 
 
 To the Board of University Land and Building Commissioners of the State 
 of Washington: 
 
 GENTLEMEN In considering the question of arranging plans for the 
 building of the University of Washington, it was deemed proper by your 
 architect to make as complete a study as practicable of the most noted 
 and successful universities in other portions of the country; to examine 
 into their faults; to profit from their success, and to take advantage of the 
 results which have been obtained by costly experiments. With this object 
 in view, a careful canvass has been made of the various buildings con- 
 structed elsewhere, and of their workings; and, in addition, correspond- 
 ence and interviews have been had with well known professors of 
 experience in their special scholastic departments. No effort has been 
 relaxed. No subject that might possibly have a bearing upon and lead us 
 to the success of the undertaking has been considered unworthy of con- 
 sideration. An appendix, giving the results of our examination of other 
 universities, is annexed to this report and made a part of it. 
 
 But very few of the eastern universities have had their colleges con- 
 structed under auspices so favorable and fortunate as those of the Uni- 
 versity of Washington. Commenced at times when the country was not 
 in as nourishing a condition as at present, the older universities have had 
 their buildings added to from time to time, and new structures have been 
 wedged in between older ones in such a heterogeneous manner that they 
 have been rendered inconvenient, incongruous and inharmonious. In 
 many instances, from lack of space for concentration, they have been 
 separated for miles. It is, indeed, fortunate that the State of Washington 
 is relieved of this serious drawback; for, with our allotment of ground, 
 the buildings can be so planned and grouped that, when all are finished,. 
 
LAND AND BUILDING COMMISSION. 
 
 they will form a complete and symmetrical system. The requirements 
 of the present must not abridge the wants of the future. 
 
 Topographical difficulties have been considered closely. They need 
 never stand in the way of placing other buildings, in the future, one after 
 another, as they may be found desirable, in eligible, orderly and symme- 
 trical relation and connection with those earlier provided. The University 
 of Washington will occupy an exceptionally advantageous position in 
 healthfuluess and accessibility; to say nothing of the beauty and grandeur 
 of the adjacent lakes and gracefully rounded hills and serrated mountain 
 crests, clothed with primeval forests, which are ever in full view. What 
 others have done in some rich communities is tame and insipid in com- 
 parison with what nature has here furnished without cost. In the loca- 
 tion of the buildings, these considerations have not been neglected. There 
 are all around the buildings such views as, for variety and grandeur, can 
 rarely be met with. These, if preserved, will confer upon the University 
 a character of unrivaled beauty and attractive interest. 
 
 With this brief introduction, let me explain the plan proposed for the 
 buildings which shall constitute the University of Washington. A plat of 
 the ground, upon which the various colleges are proposed to be located, 
 is herewith submitted for your approval and adoption. 
 
 Water must be bountifully provided, either from Lake Washington or 
 by artesian work, and stored in tank reservoir; in which case a water 
 tower must be constructed in a central location, so that all buildings may 
 be supplied economically by pressure. This tower would be better lo- 
 cated near the buildings in which are placed the boilers for heating. 
 
 It is proposed to heat the buildings by steam; the boilers in batteries 
 to be as central as possible. The boilers and engines are located in a 
 portion of the building arranged for the manual training department. 
 It is proposed to light the buildings and grounds by electricity. A sys- 
 tem of sewerage must be thoroughly considered as soon as the need there- 
 for shall have arisen. No natural barrier exists to prevent proper flow 
 and flush. 
 
 Upon entering the grounds, the first college approached is 
 
 BIOLOGICAL HALL. 
 
 Here the student must acquaint himself with the problems which have 
 to do with the life, growth and reproduction of plants and animals; with 
 the structure, origin and composition of the soil; with the varying con- 
 ditions of the air; and, in general, with the great forces of nature. In 
 the 
 
 Basement are proposed to be arranged the testing room, crematory, 
 propagating rooms, vivisection room, store rooms, work rooms, toilet 
 rooms and head gardener's office. 
 
 First Floor: Departments of agriculture, horticulture, botany, arbori- 
 culture, with professors' rooms; herbarium, lecture rooms, class rooms, 
 library, aquarium, general museum and the various laboratories and 
 cabinets. 
 
 Second Floor: Gallery of general museum, zoological and entomologi- 
 
12 WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY 
 
 cal laboratories, lecture and class rooms, professors 1 rooms. About ten 
 acres of ground should be allotted for the accommodation of glass struct- 
 ures, outdoor aquarium, arboretum, rockeries, ferneries and ornamental 
 grounds. 
 
 The next building approached is 
 
 CHEMICAL HALL. 
 
 This building is being planned after a careful study of the newest and 
 best arranged laboratories of Europe and this country, covering arrange- 
 ments for equipping it throughout with approved apparatus in the most 
 thorough manner. The work rooms convenient, commodious, well 
 lighted and adapted to the study of chemistry in all its branches. Each 
 room to have its ventilating hoods, steam and sand baths, drying ovens, 
 filtering pumps, etc. Each table to be supplied with a complete set of 
 re-agents, gas and running water, supplied through glass or tinned pipes. 
 
 Basement: A large general laboratory in which eighty students can be 
 provided with conveniences for work at the same time. Adjacent are 
 rooms for storage of apparatuses and chemicals, and for assaying, com- 
 bustion and distilling; repairing and testing rooms. 
 
 First Floor : Qualitative laboratory for thirty-two students at one time, 
 lecture room and class room, special analytical laboratory, room for an- 
 alysis of gases, store rooms and museums. 
 
 Second Floor: Lecture room capable of seating two hundred and fifty 
 students, qualitative laboratory with tables for thirty students, library, 
 balance room, professors' study rooms and special laboratories, store 
 rooms and apparatus rooms, dark and photographic rooms. 
 
 HALL OF LAW AND MEDICINE. 
 
 This college to contain rooms for professors, lecture and class rooms, 
 law library, reading and consultation rooms, toilet rooms, storage rooms, 
 medical library, theatre, crematory, museum, laboratories, dispensary 
 and consulting rooms. 
 
 ADMINISTRATION AND BELLES LETTHKS. 
 
 This building, to be first constructed, requires a more extended de- 
 scription, because fully developed. It has a frontage of 276 feet and 60 
 feet wide, with wings thrown back at the flanks, each 28x35, and the as- 
 sembly hall placed in the center and to the rear 74 x 116. 
 
 Basement: Eleven feet high, contains four class rooms 20x22, four 
 class rooms 20x23, two class rooms 20x24, two lecture rooms 24 x33, two 
 professors' rooms 10x12, one professor's room 20x31, one cloak room 
 11 x20, three cloak rooms 8'6"x20, one janitor's room 20x20, and another 
 10x20, two toilet rooms each 24x33, engineer's room 14x14, boiler and 
 fuel rooms 34x45 and 14 x 14, and a room under the assembly hall 63x70, 
 which temporarily may be occupied for gymnastic purposes. There are 
 eight entrances to this story. 
 
 First Story: Fourteen feet 6 inches high, contains two class rooms 
 20 x 24, four class rooms 20 x 23, one class room 20 x 22, four lecture rooms 
 24x33, two professors' rooms 12 x 16'6", two cloak rooms 8'6"x20, faculty 
 
LAND AND BUILDING COMMISSION. 13 
 
 room 10x22, regents' and commissioners' room 20x22, room for secre 
 tary and treasurer 20x23, vault 8x8, president's room 20x20, and an- 
 other 12x21, reception room 20x31, ladies' retiring room 11x12, parlor 
 20 x 23, library 22 x 20, assembly hall 70 x 76, two dressing rooms 14 x 14. 
 
 This hall, arranged with sloping floors and seating, which, together 
 with gallery, will accommodate fifteen hundred, stage seating two hun- 
 dred and fifty. Special entrances are provided for the stage and dressing 
 or retiring rooms. The foyers are large, light and airy. Proper thought 
 has been bestowed upon the acoustic ventilation and lighting, also upon 
 ingress and egress. The main foyer on the first floor is directly approach- 
 able from the main entrance to building, and is surrounded by a foyer 
 gallery on the second floor which opens directly from the gallery of the 
 assembly hall. These foyers are served with daylight from a domical 
 skylight, being open to the roof. There are provided nine external en- 
 trances to this story. 
 
 Two stairways within the assembly hall, and three commodious stair- 
 ways from the corridors conduct to the 
 
 Second Story: Fourteen feet six inches high, which contains two lecture 
 rooms 24 x33, two preparatory rooms 24x48, two class rooms 16x24, four 
 class rooms 22x20, four class rooms 20x23, one class room 20x31, three 
 cloak rooms 8'6"x20, one cloak room 11x20, two cloak rooms 7x15' 6", 
 two professors' rooms 10x12, one professor's room 20x20, ante room 
 12x14. 
 
 It has been thought advisable, as this building must be occupied by other 
 departments until their special colleges are erected the construction of 
 which must necessarily be delayed to finish the roof story. This will 
 finish twelve feet high, and may contain the same number of rooms as 
 are provided for the second floor. These will all be well lighted and ac- 
 cessible. 
 
 To recapitulate: Including upper story, accommodations are provided 
 for 10 lecture rooms, 36 class rooms, 13 professors' rooms, 18 cloak rooms, 
 2 janitors' rooms, 1 engineer's room, besides preparatory rooms and large 
 toilet service, and rooms for the regents and commissioners, president, 
 faculty, secretary and treasurer; reception and parlors, library, assem- 
 bly and retiring, and one large storage room, connecting with secretary's 
 room, for stationery, etc. 
 
 It is the intention to make this building (and in fact all buildings ex- 
 cept residences) essentially fire proof, constructing the outer walls of 
 stone, the inner walls of brick, and facing all outer walls on the inside 
 with porus terra cotta or hollow brick, using steel beams and porus terra 
 cotta for the floors, and iron roof for the assembly hall. The corridor and 
 vestibule floors are to be tiled. The exterior is of simple design, in Schol- 
 astic Gothic, and constructed with a light colored stone laid up in rock 
 face, the only emphasis being made in the tower. The tower should con- 
 tain the great bell of the University, and a good clock with proper dials; 
 these dials, of glass, to be illuminated at night, as they will be seen for a 
 long distance. It is proposed to use slate or tiles for the roofs. A com- 
 plete set of plans accompany this report. 
 
WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY 
 
 The next building in order of location is the 
 
 HALL OF MATHEMATICS AND OF MINES. 
 
 This building is to accommodate the departments of mathematics, 
 civil and electrical engineering, mineralogy, metallurgy and geology, 
 and to provide class and lecture rooms, professors' rooms, laboratories, 
 library for each department, general museum, apparatus rooms, repair- 
 ing and drawing rooms, toilet and storage rooms. Then comes the 
 
 ART BUILDING. 
 
 To provide for the departments of architecture, painting, sculpture, 
 music, drawing, with professors, class lecture and modeling rooms; library, 
 studios for painting; piano rooms, specially planned to retain the sound 
 within themselves; music hall, with organ; art gallery, arranged for the 
 display of paintings, drawings, photos and models; repairing and storage 
 rooms. It is proposed to arrange the plan of this building so that the 
 court between the wings may be economically enclosed and roofed, thus 
 securing a grand opportunity for a commodious art gallery or hall. 
 
 GENERAL LIBRARY. 
 
 This building is arranged for a stack and reading room, librarian's 
 room, card and catalogue rooms, special students' room, faculty rooms, 
 rooms for maps, periodicals and newspapers; toilet rooms, bindery, work, 
 package and storage rooms. 
 
 GYMNASIUM. 
 
 Placed facing the campus, this building will contain rooms for the pro- 
 fessors of physical culture and gymnastics, of military science and tactics, 
 and instructor in gymnastics; gymnasium, about45x90; drill room, same 
 size; band and military store room; armory rooms for fencing, sparring 
 and weighing; swimming tank, about 16x50, with dressing rooms and 
 lockers, and about twenty bath rooms; linen closets; toilet rooms; bowl- 
 ing alley, 70 feet long; rowing tank; bicycle racks; running track and 
 gallery for visitors, and a baseball cage. Not very far from this building 
 should be the baseball and cricket grounds, having a public stand struct- 
 ure of neat design. All the buildings which have been described, includ- 
 ing the observatory, face the main driveway and the campus. The 
 campus will be about thirty acres in extent. 
 
 OBSERVATORY. 
 
 This building will contain professors' rooms, library, clock room, com- 
 puting rooms, transit room, meteorological room and dome, with repair- 
 ing and store rooms. It will be located at a sufficiently remote point 
 from the railroad to escape magnetic and vibratory disturbance. 
 
 DORMITORIES AND DINING HALL. 
 
 The dormitory for women is to consist of a basement, first, second and 
 attic story, and to contain gymnasium and physical culture room, labora- 
 tory with greenhouse attached, lecture room, parlors, museum or cabinet, 
 matron's and housekeeper's rooms, servants' rooms, linen, bedding and 
 storage rooms, chute for soiled linen directly to basement; toilet rooms, 
 
LAND AND BUILDING COMMISSION. 15 
 
 sewing room, dormitories en suite, consisting of study room, about 12 x 15, 
 and two bed rooms, each 9x15, with closets. The grounds which adjoin, 
 to be prepared for archery practice and tennis, with walks leading to 
 pleasant spots, for the purpose of inviting and encouraging ourdoor ex- 
 ercise. The dormitory for men is to be arranged purely for sleeping pur- 
 poses, with all the attendant conveniences; and to consist of basement, 
 first, second and attic stories. The dining hall is to be built between the 
 dormitories, and to consist of basement and one high story, providing for 
 servants, storage, fuel, coal, sewing, toilet and sundry other rooms in 
 basement; also laundry, ironing and drying rooms. The dining hall or 
 room, about 45x125, will contain kitchen, serving room, scullery, china 
 and other pantries adjoining. The vegetable or root cellar is to be entirely 
 outside of the building. To the rear of this building, and near the laun- 
 dry are large grass spaces for bleaching purposes, excluded from public 
 sight by plantations of shrubbery. The wagon road also approaches the 
 kitchen, and is shut out from sight by similar planting. 
 
 CHAPEL. 
 
 A site is reserved for this structure; it is located near the dormatories. 
 
 MANUAL TRAINING HALL. 
 
 This building is located as centrally as the topography of the grounds 
 will permit, and will contain iron working room, about 50x60; forge 
 room, about 30x60; wood working room, 50x60; painting room, 20x40, 
 with two rooms adjoining; drawing, lecture and professors' rooms; lab- 
 oratory, tool and grinding rooms; pattern, finishing and carving rooms; 
 lumber room; storage sheds; toilet rooms; experimental rooms; machine 
 shop, stonecutting and bricklaying sheds. 
 
 The site upon which this building is placed falls gradually to the rear. 
 This allows of the boiler rooms being placed in the basement, which will 
 be several feet below the level of the other buildings; here it is proposed 
 to place the battery of boilers which shall generate heat for the entire 
 group of buildings of the university. Here also are to be placed the en- 
 gines for power, and dynamos for illumination of both buildings and 
 grounds. Engineer's rooms and fuel rooms will, of course, be provided. 
 The water tower is placed within the court formed by the extending 
 sheds. Spur tracks connect the railroad and this court. 
 
 THE STABLES 
 
 Are to the rear of all the buildings, and not far from the dock. A 
 wagon road leads from the dock and the stables to the manual training 
 building and kitchen, and will be so conducted that, by judicious plant- 
 ing, the character of its uses will not offend the eye. 
 
 BOAT HOUSE. 
 
 As rare opportunities will be afforded the students, by the proximity 
 of Lake Washington, for aquatic sports, it is proposed, at a fitting point, 
 to construct a boat house with all the proper conveniences for the enjoy- 
 ment of this royal and heathful sport. Pathways skirting the lake front- 
 
16 WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY 
 
 age are so arranged that fully ten thousand people having equal views 
 can enjoy the regattas and scull races without obstruction. 
 
 I have considered the advantages of dockage, gravel and sand pits, 
 water conveyance to the various buildings, sewerage and ventilation. I 
 have endeavored to keep in view in the construction of these buildings 
 everything conducive to the attainment of a harmonious and symmetrical 
 whole, such as will justify us in considering the University of Washington 
 as one of the most attractive institutions in the United States. 
 
 Having considered the faults and shortcomings, and studied the best 
 results obtained in the various departments of eastern universities, I have 
 confidence that the people of one of the youngest states in the union will 
 have for their university a series of buildings which will furnish a model 
 for older commonwealths. 
 
 Second only in importance to the proper planning of the colleges is 
 the consideration of the approaches to them, and of the treatment of the 
 surroundings. 
 
 If the grounds which surround the structure are out of harmony, in- 
 congruity results. To consider both the building and the site together 
 involves a wider range of view than most architects take; to secure ex- 
 cellence in both, foresight and skill are required. Only a study of the art 
 of landscape gardening can give this. A building badly placed, when it 
 might be well placed and surrounded, is incomplete; one is apt to find the 
 entrances placed where they will necessitate inconvenient approaches; 
 these, in their turn, spoiling the grounds, by preventing the best arrange- 
 ment of lawns and plantations. The more magnificent the architecture, 
 the more does it need this graceful drapery of plantation for its best 
 capacity of expression. Real landscape art is nothing if it is not broad, 
 simple and conservative of natural beauty. The site we are dealing with 
 is so replete with natural advantages of surface, broad water prospects, 
 and grand mountain views, that a failure to group the buildings and 
 grounds together in perfect harmony would be a matter for lasting re- 
 gret. The approaches or driveways should lead to their objective points 
 with directness and without superfluous flourish; they should command 
 the most impressive views, developed here and there by judicious thin- 
 ning of foliage, disclosing hidden visions of water and blue distance. 
 Our grounds are of sufficient extent to yield distinctive landscape char- 
 acter. The development of these characteristics, in a fuller measure, 
 should be accomplished by softening what is hard, clothing what is bare, 
 tilling out what is meagre, and enriching what is beautiful; all in har- 
 mony with the original type. This will exclude as incongruous what is 
 merely novel or eccentric, and subordinate what is obviously artificial to 
 what is natural. Then, with proper regard to the location, grouping and 
 sky lines of the buildings; the broad and natural undulations of surface; 
 easy grades of the driveways; simple embellishments of the water fronts; 
 a result will be obtained, the very strength of which will lie in its natural 
 simplicity. 
 
 All of which is respectfully submitted. WILLIAM E. BOONE, 
 
 Architect for the University of Washington. 
 
 SEATTLE, Aug. 19, 1891. 
 
LAND AND BUILDING COMMISSION. 17 
 
 ADOPTION OF PLANS, ETC. INVITING BIDS. 
 
 In order that the plans and specifications prepared by the archi- 
 tect should be approved and adopted by a full board, the meeting 
 of August 20, 1891, was held in the governor's office in Olympia. 
 The minutes of the meeting read as follows : 
 
 The meeting was called to order by the president ex officio, Elisha P. 
 Ferry. 
 
 There were present : Elisha P. Ferry, John Arthur, James R. Hayden,. 
 Charles F. Leavenworth, John McReavy. 
 
 The minutes of the previous meeting were read, and on motion, unani- 
 mously approved. 
 
 Mr. Leavenworth moved, seconded by Mr. Hayden, that the board 
 adopt the report, plans, drawings and specifications for the University of 
 Washington, submitted to the board by the architect, William E. Boone, 
 and that the board forthwith advertise for proposals for the materials and 
 labor necessary in the construction of the main university building 
 (spoken of in said report as the administration and belles lettres 
 building). 
 
 The motion was unanimously adopted, the following named members 
 voting in the affirmative : John Arthur, James R. Hayden, Charles F. 
 Leavenworth, John McReavy, Elisha P. Ferry. 
 
 Mr. Arthur moved, seconded by Mr. McReavy, that the notice to con- 
 tractors for the materials and labor necessary in the construction of the 
 main university building, be published for four weeks, daily and consecu- 
 tively, in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, the Tacoma Ledger, the Spokane 
 Chronicle, and the W^alla Walla Statesman. The motion was unanimously 
 adopted., the following named members voting in the affirmative : John 
 Arthur, James R. Hayden, Charles F. Leavenworth, John McReavy, Elisha 
 P. Ferry. 
 
 And it was moved and seconded that the following form of notice to 
 contractors be adopted : 
 
 NOTICE TO CONTRACTORS. 
 
 Notice is given, that the Board of University Land and Building Com- 
 missioners of the State of Washington hjreby invite separate sealed pro- 
 posals : First, for the materials; secondly, for the labor, necessary in the 
 construction of the main university building (to wit. the building for 
 administration and belles lettres) on the site located therefor in section 
 16, township '25, north of range 4 east, in King county, Washington, in 
 accordance with the plans, other drawings and specifications therefor, 
 adopted by said board, and which will be found at the office of Boone & 
 Willcox, architects, in rooms 58, 59 and 60, in the Boston block, corner Sec- 
 ond and Columbia streets, Seattle, Washington, on and after September 
 1, 1891. Said proposals to be filed with the secretary of the board, James 
 R. Hayden, in Seattle, on or before Thursday, September 24, 1891, at the 
 hour of one o'clock p. m. t at which time all proposals will be opened pub- 
 licly by the board in its office, rooms 307 and 308 Butler block. Seattle. 
 All contractors must be citizens of the State of Washington. The board 
 has the right to reject any and all proposals. Each proposal must be 
 accompanied by a certified check in the sum of ten thousand dollars 
 
18 WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY 
 
 '($10,000) to be forfeited upon the inability of the bidder to furnish satis- 
 factory bonds. Proposals must be indorsed upon the envelope, "Sealed 
 proposals for the building of the building of the University of Wash- 
 ington." 
 
 ELISHA P. FERRY, 
 Governor and President, ex officio, 
 JOHN ARTHUR, 
 JOHN MCREAVY, 
 CHARLES F. LEAVENWORTH, 
 JAMES R. HAYDEN. 
 
 Board of University Land and Building Commissioners. 
 Dated at Seattle, Wash., August 20, A. D. 1891. 
 
 BIDS FOR MAIN BUILDING. 
 
 September 24, 1891, the board met and opened the bids. From 
 the minutes of the meeting we quote the following : 
 
 The secretary laid before the board satisfactory proof that the invita- 
 tion for proposals for the labor and materials necessary in the construc- 
 tion of the main university building had been duly published, daily, for 
 four (4) weeks, consecutively, in the Seattle Post- Intelligencer, the Ta- 
 coma Ledger, the Spokane Chronicle, and the Walla W'alla Statesman. 
 Thereupon, on motion, it was unanimously resolved by the board that 
 said publication was made according to law. 
 
 At 1 o'clock P. M., the secretary publicly, in presence of the several 
 bidders and many others, opened all proposals for the labor and material 
 necessary in the construction of the main university building, which had 
 been filed with them, which proposals were as follows, to wit: 
 
 SEATTLE, W r ASH., September 24, 1891. 
 The Board of University Land and Building Commissioners: 
 
 GENTLEMEN According to the plans and specifications prepared by 
 William E. Boone, architect, I propose to furnish all material required 
 for the sum of ($400,399 ) four hundred thousand three hundred and ninety- 
 nine dollars, delivered at the building. 
 
 I will take this material, delivered by myself, and set it in place for the 
 sum of ($160,112 ) one hundred and sixty thousand one hundred and 
 twelve dollars. 
 
 These two bids are co-relative and must not be considered individually, 
 and must be together rejected or accepted. 
 
 This bid is for the Sucia Island stone and acme plaster. 
 
 Yours truly, CHARLES H. BEBB. 
 
 P. S. The above bid is for the administration and belles lettres build- 
 ing. CHAS. H. BEBB. 
 
 SEATTLE, WASH., Sept. 24, 1891. 
 The Board of University Land and Building Commissioners: 
 
 GENTLEMEN According to the plans and specifications prepared by 
 William E. Boone, architect, for the Administration and Belles Lettres 
 building, I propose to erect the same, furnishing all the labor and mate- 
 rial, for the sum of five hundred and thirty-nine thousand five hundred 
 and eleven ($539,511) dollars. 
 
 This bid is for the building complete, according to the specifications, 
 and includes all labor and material taken together under one contract. 
 
 Yours truly, CHARLES H. BEBB. 
 
LAND AND BUILDING COMMISSION. 19 
 
 SEATTLE, WASH., Sept. 24, 1891. 
 To the Honorable Board of University Land and Building Commissioners of 
 
 the State of Washington: 
 
 I propose to furnish for the main university building, to wit: the build- 
 ing for administration and belles lettres, ajl of the required materials of 
 their several kinds, in accordance with the plans and specifications, and 
 delivered on the grounds or site, for the consideration of (350,000) dollars 
 in U.S. gold coin. 
 
 I also propose to perform all of the labor on the materials in construc- 
 tion of the above building, in accordance with the plans and specifications 
 Srepared by W. E. Boone, architect, for the consideration of (215,000) 
 ollars, U. S. gold coin. I must have the contract on both labor and ma- 
 terials, or nothing. 
 
 Yours truly, JAMES PARKE. 
 
 Will furnish any sandstone that the board may select. 
 
 JAMES PARKE. 
 
 To the Honorable Board of University Land and Building Commissioners 
 of the State of Washington : 
 
 GENTLEMEN We propose to furnish all the material for the university 
 building as per plans and specifications for the sum of ($368,000) three 
 hundred and sixty-eight thousand dollars. Will do the labor as per plans 
 and specifications for ($111,400) one hundred eleven thousand four hun- 
 dred dollars. This bid not to be separated but to be considered as one. 
 
 This proposal is for Sucia Island stone. If any other stone is selected 
 will add ten thousand dollars ($10,000) to bid as per plans and specifica- 
 tions prepared by W. E. Boone, architect. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, LILLIS & Goss. 
 
 SEATTLE, WASH., Sept. 24, 1891. 
 Board of Regents, Administration and Belles Lettres Building, Seattle, 
 
 Wash.: 
 
 GENTLEMEN We hereby propose to furnish all labor according to plans 
 and specifications prepared by W. E. Boone, architect, for the erection 
 of the above building for two hundred seventy-eight thousand four hun- 
 dred and fifty ($278,450) dollars. This bid is accompanied by a bid for 
 materials and is to be accepted only with material bid. 
 
 It is understood that the bids of this firm are to be accepted or rejected 
 together. 
 
 Very respectfully, MALLORY, VAN FOSSEN & SPRAGUE. 
 
 SEATTLE, WASH., Sept. 24, 1891. 
 Board of Regents of Administration and Belles Lettres Building, Seattle, 
 
 Wash.: 
 
 GENTLEMEN We hereby prospose to furnish all materials according 
 to plans and specifications prepared by W. E. Boone, architect, for the 
 erection of the above building, using Vantine or Tenino stone, for the 
 sum of three hundred sixty-eight thousand two hundred and thirty 
 ($368,230) dollars. Fifteen thousand ($15,000) [dollars] to be added for 
 Wilkeson or Pittsburg stone. 
 
 This bid is accompanied by a labor bid and is to be accepted only with 
 the labor bid. 
 
 Very respectfully, MALLORY, VAN FOSSEN & SPRAGUE. 
 
 SEATTLE, Sept. 24, 1891. 
 
 To the Honorable Board of University Land and Building Commissioners : 
 
 GENTLEMEN We, the undersigned, respectfully submit the following 
 
 propositions for the labor and materials necessary for the erection and 
 
 completion of the state [university] to be erected in King county, State of 
 
20 WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY 
 
 Washington, according to plans made for the same by architects, Messrs. 
 Boone & Wilcox. 
 
 First: For all materials, ($410, 000) four hundred and ten thousand dol- 
 lars. 
 
 Second: For all labor, ($240,000) two hundred and forty thousand dol- 
 lars. 
 
 Thirdly: For all materials and labor throughout for the sum of six 
 hundred and eighteen thousand dollars ($618,000). 
 
 This proposition is conditioned that we will not take labor without we 
 have the furnishing of all materials or "vice versa." Enclosed find cer- 
 tified check, $20,000. 
 
 Very respectfully submitted, JNO. T. LONG & Co. 
 
 P. S. Our figures are based on blue sandstone from quarries named 
 in specifications, or white sandstone [ from] the Star quarry. For Wilkeson 
 or Pittsburg stone, add to our figures ($20,000) twenty thousand dollars. 
 
 Respectfully, JNO. T. LONG & Co. 
 
 It was moved by Mr. Hayden, seconded by Mr. McReavy, that each and 
 all of the bids just read to the board be rejected, and that the certified 
 checks severally accompanying them be returned to the parties, respect- 
 ively, enclosing the same, for the reasons: First, That each of said bids is 
 conditional in respect to the letting of the contracts for the labor and 
 material together to one and the same bidder; and, second, that each of 
 said bids is, by the board, deemed too high. 
 
 The motion was unanimously adopted, the following named members 
 voting in the affirmative: James R. Hayden, Charles F. Leaven worth, 
 John McReavy, John Arthur. 
 
 The secretary thereupon delivered up all of said certified checks to the 
 parties who, respectively, inclosed the same to him. 
 
 BIDS FOR MATERIALS INVITED. 
 
 The board met on the next day and took the action set forth in 
 the following extract from the minutes of the meeting: 
 
 It was moved by Mr. Leavenworth, seconded by Mr. McReavy, that 
 the board adopt the following preamble and resolution: 
 
 WHEREAS, The board has rejected each' and all of the bids opened by it 
 September 24, A. D., 1891. for the construction of the main university 
 building, for the reasons: First, That each of said bids is conditional in 
 respect to the letting of the contracts for the labor and material together 
 to one and the same bidder; and, secondly, that each of said bids is by the 
 board deemed too high; and 
 
 WHEKEAS, The board is satisfied, after consultation with the architect, 
 that it will be impracticable to obtain, upon a re-advertisement for like 
 bids, any absolute, unconditional bids by responsible contractors, for the 
 labor separately, and for the materials separately, for said building, and 
 is further satisfied that, if any such bids were obtained, they would be at 
 figures too high for the work, by reason of such separation of bids; and 
 
 WHEREAS, The board is satisfied, after careful consideration of the 
 subject with the architect, that said building can be erected by the board, 
 under the immediate control and management of the architect and super- 
 intendent of construction, William E. Boone, at a large saving of money 
 to the state, and with greater assurance of good and substantial work, by 
 the board's purchasing all the materials therefor, and employing the labor 
 necessary in the construction thereof; therefore, 
 
LAND AND BUILDING COMMISSION. 21 
 
 Resolved, That this board shall not advertise again for separate bids 
 for the labor, and separate bids for the materials for the whole building, 
 but, instead thereof, shall immediately advertise for bids for all the stone, 
 concrete stone, sand, brick, cement and lime necessary for said building; 
 and shall, upon procuring satisfactory bids for the same, purchase said 
 materials and proceed immediately with the construction of said build- 
 ing, under the direct management of said architect and superintendent of 
 construction. Be it further 
 
 liesolved, That invitations for proposals to furnish said stone, concrete 
 stone, sand, brick, cement and lime, shall be immediately published for 
 four weeks, consecutively, in the Seattle Telegraph, the Ta'coma Mews, the 
 Spokane Review and the Walla Walla Union-Journal, and that the date 
 of opening all such proposals shall be 1 o'clock p. M., on Thursday, the 
 29th day of October, A. D. 1891. 
 
 The preamble and resolutions were unanimously adopted, the follow- 
 ing named members voting in the affirmative: James R. Hayden, Charles 
 F. Leaven worth, John McReavy, John Arthur. 
 
 It was moved by Mr. Leavenworth, seconded by Mr. Hayden, that the 
 secretary be directed to publish daily, for four weeks, consecutively, in 
 the Seattle Telegraph, the Tacoma News, the Spokane Review, and the 
 Walla Walla Union- Journal, the following notice to contractors, to wit: 
 
 NOTICE TO CONTRACTORS. 
 
 SEATTLE, Sept. 26, 1891. 
 
 Notice is given that the Board of University Land and Building Com- 
 missioners of the State of Washington hereby invites separate sealed pro- 
 posals for 
 
 Firstly : The stone and concrete stone; 
 Secondly : The brick; 
 Thirdly: The sand; 
 Fourthly : The lime; and, 
 
 Fifthly: The cement required in the construction of the main uni- 
 versity building (to wit: the building for administration and belles let- 
 tres), on the site located therefor, in section sixteen, township twenty-five, 
 north of range four east, in King county, Washington, in accordance with 
 the plans, other drawings and specifications therefor, which will be found 
 at the office of Boone & Willcox, architects, in rooms 58, 59 and 60 Boston 
 block, corner Second and Columbia streets, Seattle. Said proposals to be 
 filed with the secretary of the board, James R. Hayden, of Seattle, on or 
 before Thursday, October 29, 1891, at the hour of 1 'o'clock p. M., at which 
 hour all proposals will be opened publicly by the board, in its office in 
 the Butler block, corner Second and James streets, Seattle. All con- 
 tractors must be citizens of the State of Washington. The board has the 
 right to reject any and all proposals. Every contractor whose bill shall 
 be accepted must'execute a bond satisfactory to the board for the faithful 
 performance of the contract. Proposals should be indorsed upon the en- 
 velopes: "Sealed proposal for material for the construction of the Uni- 
 versity of Washington." 
 
 ELISHA P. FERRY, 
 Governor and President ex officio, 
 JOHN ARTHUR, 
 JOHN MCREAVY, 
 CHARLES F. LEAVENWORTH, 
 JAMES R. HAYDEN, 
 Board of University Land and Building Commissioners. 
 
22 WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY 
 
 AUDITOR'S REFUSAL TO ISSUE WARRANTS. 
 
 Before the time arrived for the new bids to be opened, legal com- 
 plications over the want of a specific appropriation in the act arose. 
 They are set forth in the following extract from the minutes of the 
 meeting of the board on October 8, 1891: 
 
 The secretary submitted to the board a letter from the state auditor, 
 reading as follows: 
 
 STATE OF WASHINGTON, AUDITOR'S OFFICE, 
 
 OLYMPIA, October 7, 1891. 
 
 Hon. James R. Hayden, Secretary University Land and Building Commis- 
 sioners, Seattle, Washington: 
 
 DEAR SIR A day or two since Mr. Leaven worth handed me a number 
 of vouchers, issued by your commission, and requested me to issue war- 
 rants on same and forward them to you. 
 
 For several days past I have been looking up the question as to the 
 legality of the issuance of warrants on the University fund. I have con- 
 sulted'several authorities in the matter, and in two or three cases, carry- 
 ing with "them exactly the same points at issue as this case of ours, the 
 court held that the warrant could not be legally drawn; therefore re- 
 fusing the writ of mandamus to compel the auditor to issue his warrant. 
 With the facts that I now have before me, I do not care to take the re- 
 sponsibility upon myself to issue the warrants, and must suspend them 
 until such a time as the attorney general or the supreme court can pass 
 upon the question of the legality of their issuance. 
 
 The attorney general will be in Olympia at an early date, when the 
 matter will be brought to his attention. 
 
 Yours respectfully, T. M. REED, State Auditor. 
 
 M. E. R. 
 
 On motion of Mr. Hayden, seconded by Mr. Leavenworth, the letter 
 was received and placed on tile, and the secretary directed to spread it at 
 large upon the minutes of this meeting. 
 
 Mr. Hayden moved, seconded by Mr. Leavenworth, the adoption of the 
 following preamble and resolution, to wit: 
 
 WHEREAS, At its regular meeting on the 12th day of August, 1891, this 
 board adopted the following resolution: 
 
 Resolved, That whereas, his excellency the governor of the state has 
 found it impracticable to attend this meeting of the board; and 
 
 WHEREAS, The time has arrived for the adoption of the plans sub- 
 mitted by the architect, and it is expedient and proper that said plans 
 and report be submitted to a full meeting of the board: 
 
 Therefore, This board shall, before the adjournment of this session, 
 proceed in a body, with the assistant secretary, C. E. Benjamin, and the 
 architect and engineer, to the city of Olympia, for the purpose of confer- 
 ring with the governor upon said plans and report, and holding a session 
 with him at the capital for that purpose; and when the board takes a re- 
 cess to-morrow, it shall be to meet at Olympia, at 7:30 P. M., August 20, 
 A. D. 1891, at the office of the governor; and 
 
 WHEREAS, On the 20th day of August, 1891, the board, pursuant to said 
 resolution, proceeded in a body to the city of Olympia and held a meet- 
 ing with the governor, all the members being present, at 7:30 o'clock p. 
 M.; and 
 
 WHEREAS, At said meeting with the governor and at the adjourned 
 meeting with him on the 21st day of August, 1891, he unreservedly con- 
 
LAND AND BUILDfNU COMMISSION. 
 
 curred with the board in its resolution to proceed with the construction, 
 of the main university building for the University of Washington, and 
 then and there signed, with the other members of the board, a notice to 
 contractors, inviting proposals for furnishing of materials and the per- 
 formance of the labor for such construction, and then and there con- 
 curred with the board in adopting the report, plans, drawings and speci- 
 fications for the University of Washington, submitted to the board by the 
 architect, William E. Booue; and 
 
 \VHEREAS, At said meeting on the 21st day of August, 1891, the state 
 auditor, Hon. Thomas M. Reed, was present, and was made fully ac- 
 quainted with all of the aforesaid resolution, acts and proceedings of the 
 board; and 
 
 WHEREAS, He and the governor, after careful consideration of the act 
 creating this board, then and there stated that in their judgment it was 
 the imperative duty of the board to proceed without delay in the con- 
 struction of said main university building, and then and there agreed and 
 concurred with the appointed members of this board that it was the duty 
 of the state auditor to issue warrants for such indebtedness as should 
 thereby be created; and 
 
 WHEREAS, This board, after such conference with the governor and 
 state auditor, and their full agreement and concurrence as aforesaid, has 
 since proceeded in good faith with such work of construction, and the. 
 indebtedness thereby incurred by it has been provided for regularly by- 
 state warrants issued by said state auditor without objection on his part; 
 and 
 
 WHEREAS, Said state auditor, in person, on the 10th day of September,. 
 1891, went upon said university grounds and witnessed the work done 
 under the supervision of the board in the preparation of said grounds 
 for said building, and then and there expressed his approval of the same,. 
 and his concurrence in all that the board had done and was doing in re- 
 lation thereto: 
 
 Now, therefore, Be it resolved, that it is the sense of this board that the 
 state auditor has by his said concurrence in the action and course of this 
 board in relation to said university building, and by his retraction thereof 
 as set forth in the letter from him spread upon the minutes of this meet- 
 ing, placed the board and its agents and employes in an embarrassing 
 position, and that if the position indicated in his said letter be persisted 
 in, it will be impossible to carry out the command of the legislature to 
 proceed with the construction of said university building and have the 
 same ready for occupancy on the first day of March, 1893. 
 
 Be it further resolved. That the secretary of this board be directed to 
 transmit immediately to his excellency the governer, a telegraphic mes- 
 sage as follows: 
 
 SEATTLE, WASH., Octobers, 1891. 
 Gov. E. P. FERRY, Olympia, Wash.: 
 
 University board in session. Can you meet with it in Seattle to- 
 morrow at 1 P. M ? If not, board will meet with you in Olympia 7 o'clock 
 to-morrow evening. Answer quick. 
 
 JAMES R. HAYDEN, Secretary. 
 
 The resolution was unanimously adopted, the following named mem- 
 bers voting in the affirmative: James R. Hayden, Charles F. Leaven- 
 worth, John Arthur. 
 
 In answer to the foregoing telegram, the secretary received the follow- 
 ing message from his excellency the governor: 
 
 OLYMPIA, WASH., Octobers, 1891. 
 J. R. HAYDEN, Seattle: 
 
 \ cannot leave to-morrow. Will be glad to meet the board here. 
 
 ELISHA P. FERRY. 
 
WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY 
 
 Mr. Hayden moved, seconded by Mr. Leaven worth, the adoption of 
 the following resolution: 
 
 Resolved, That by reason of the inability of the governor to attend the 
 meeting cf the board in Seattle to-morrow, as indicated by his message 
 just received by the secretary, and by reason of the inability of the attor- 
 ney general to meet with the board this week, as indicated by a telegram 
 from him al-ready on tile, and because of the great importance of definitely 
 ascertaining at once the attitude of the governor and of the state auditor 
 in relation to the incurring of further indebtedness in the construction 
 of the University of Washington, this board shall, to-morrow, proceed in 
 a body to the city of Olympia and confer with the governor and state 
 auditor on all questions affecting the work of construction. 
 
 Resolved further, That the assistant secretary, C. E. Benjamin, shall 
 accompany the board to Olympia and take with him the record of the 
 proceedings of the board. 
 
 tiesolved further, That the board now take a recess to meet in Olympia, 
 with the governor and state auditor, at 7 P. M., Friday, October 9, 1891, 
 and that the state auditor be requested to attend said meeting. 
 
 The resolution was unanimously adopted. 
 
 THE WORK STOPPED. 
 
 In accordance with the foregoing resolutions, the board went to 
 Olympia and held a meeting with the governor and auditor on 
 October 9th. The proceedings are set forth in the minutes as 
 follows : 
 
 The board met in the office of the governor, in pursuance of a resolu- 
 tion adopted by it, at its office in Seattle, on the 8th day of October, 1891. 
 
 The meeting was called to order at 7 o'clock p. M. by the president ex 
 officio, Governor Elisha P. Ferry. 
 
 There were present: Governor Elisha P. Ferry, John Arthur, James R. 
 Hayden, Charles F. Leavenworth, John McReavy. The state auditor, 
 Hon. T. M. Reed, was also present, and remained throughout the meeting. 
 
 Upon the suggestion of Mr. Hayden, the object of the meeting was 
 stated by Mr. Arthur to be the holding of a conference with the governor 
 and state auditor in relation to the subject-matter of the auditor's letter 
 of October 7, 1891, to the secretary of the board, announcing that he would 
 suspend the issuing of further warrants upon the university fund until 
 such a time as the attorney general or the supreme court can pass upon 
 the question of the legality of their issuance. 
 
 The governor stated that he had, up to the time of meeting, received no 
 official information of the action of the auditor, as expressed by the letter 
 above mentioned; and that the only information whatever that he had 
 thereon was obtained from the public press. 
 
 A general discussion followed, in the course of which Messrs. Arthur, 
 Hayden, Leavenworth and McReavy, in turn, stated that the board felt 
 greatly embarrassed and disconcerted by the action of the state auditor, 
 inasmuch as the board had in good faith, after full conference with the 
 governor and auditor on the 20th and 21st of August, 1891, and the adop- 
 tion of the plans for the main university building, proceeded with the pre- 
 
LAND AND BUILDING COMMISSION. 25 
 
 liminary work in the construction of said building, and had now engaged 
 upon said work a force of over one hundred men, together with teams and 
 scrapers and a stump puller, all at an expense aggregating $350 per day, and 
 that the work was being carried on rapidly, and that there is now due the 
 laborers employed therein over five thousand dollars which it would be a 
 great hardship and wrong to withhold from them; and further, that if the 
 suspension of the issuance of warrants be persisted in by the auditor the 
 board will have to stop all work upon the grounds and lose the benefit of 
 the good weather now prevailing; and that in such event it will be im- 
 possible to construct the building within the time prescribed by the legis- 
 lature. 
 
 The auditor then addressed the meeting, and stated he had slowly, re- 
 luctantly and deliberately reached the conclusion expressed in his letter 
 of October 7, 1891, and that he would not, even upon the advice of the at- 
 torney general to do so, issue any more warrants until the supreme court 
 should have decided that he had a lawful right to issue them. He stated 
 that he had examined decisions in analogous cases in other states, and 
 was satisfied that, under our constitution, his right to issue such warrants 
 was in serious doubt, and that he would adhere firmly to his decision. 
 
 Thereupon Mr. Arthur moved, seconded by Mr. McReavy, the adoption 
 of the following preamble and resolution: 
 
 WHEREAS, The state auditor is in doubt as to his right, under the con- 
 stitution of the state, to issue warrants for the payment of the indebted- 
 ^ness incurred in the construction of the University of Washington, by 
 v reason of the absence of a specific appropriation of money therefor, and 
 has consequently refused to issue any more such warrants; 'therefore, be it 
 
 Resolved, That this board forthwith suspend the further construction 
 of the University of Washington. 
 
 Resolved further, That the chief engineer forthwith take charge of all 
 the tools and materials belonging to the state which are in use on the 
 University grounds, and keep them safely until further instruction from 
 the board*. 
 
 The resolution was unanimously adopted, the following named mem- 
 bers voting in the affirmative: John Arthur, James R. Hayden, Charles 
 F. Leavenworth, John McReavy, Elisha P. Ferry. 
 
 Thereupon the auditor stated to the board that, since it had resolved 
 to stop all work immediately, and since the suspension or withholding of 
 the warrants for the work done for the board in September would inflict 
 great hardship and wrong upon those in the employ of the board, he 
 would assume the responsibility of delivering to the board the warrants in 
 payment for all work done up to and including the 30th day of Septem- 
 ber, 1891; and further stated that all said warrants had already been 
 actually drawn and were in his safe ready for delivery. 
 
 BIDS FOR MATERIALS RETURNED, UNOPENED. 
 
 The board met on October 29th to open the bids for materials 
 -called for after the rejection of all the bids first tendered. The 
 
26 WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY 
 
 action which it took is shown by the following extract from the 
 minutes: 
 
 Mr. Hayden moved, seconded by Mr. Leavenworth, the adoption of the 
 following resolution: 
 
 WHEREAS, The work upon the construction of the University of Wash- 
 ington has been suspended, owing to the refusal of the auditor to issue 
 any more warrants upon the university fund, and the refusal of the treas- 
 urer to indorse the same; and 
 
 WHEREAS, The board will be unable to proceed with the work in the 
 construction of the main university building, until the supreme court of 
 the state has declared that there is a proper appropriation therefor; and 
 
 WHEREAS, It would be unfair to those tendering bids that such bids 
 should now be opened, while it is impracticable to accept any of them: 
 Therefore, be it 
 
 Resolved, That all bids now in the possession of the secretary be re- 
 turned unopened to the several bidders. 
 
 The resolution was unanimously adopted. 
 
 THE TEST CASE. 
 
 At the meeting of the board on October 12, 1891, the secretary 
 made a verbal report, which is summarized in the minutes as follows: 
 
 Mr. Hayden reported to the board, that after the board had, at Olympia, 
 on the 10th daj r of October, 1891, taken a recess to this meeting to-day, 
 Mr. Arthur and himself had called upon the state treasurer, Hon. A. A. 
 Lindsley, and presented to him warrant No. 65, issued on the fifth day of 
 October, 1891, by the state auditor, in payment for the publication, in the 
 Walla Walla Statesman, of the notice to contractors, inviting proposals 
 for materials and labor necessary in the construction of the main uni- 
 versity building of the University of Washington, for the indorsement 
 thereon by said treasurer of its non-payment for want of funds. The 
 treasurer refused to make such indorsement thereon, alleging, as reason 
 therefor, that, in his judgment, the state auditor had no legal right to 
 issue any warrants upon the university fund; he further stated that he 
 would not, until the supreme court shall have decided that the auditor 
 has a legal right to issue such warrants, make such indorsements upon 
 any more warrants drawn upon the university fund. 
 
 Mr. Hayden further reported that Mr. Leavenworth, Mr. Arthur and 
 himself had, in the afternoon of October 10, 1891, at Olympia, met the 
 attorney general of the state, proceeded with him to his office, and con- 
 ferred with him upon the various matters set forth in the minutes of the 
 proceedings of this board on the 8th, 9th and 10th of October, 1891, and 
 had advised the attorney general that it would not be necessary for him 
 to attend the meeting of the board in Seattle on October 15, 1891, and had 
 also given him a copy of the resolutions, adopted at the meeting that 
 morning by the board, requesting him to make application to the supreme 
 court for a writ of mandamus directed to the state auditor; and further 
 stated to him the refusal of the state treasurer to indorse non-payment 
 for want of funds upon warrant number 65, and the declaration of the 
 treasurer, that he would not make such indorsement upon any more war- 
 rants drawn by the state auditor upon the university fund, until such 
 
I, AND AND BUILDING COMMISSION. 27 
 
 time as the supreme court shall have decided that the auditor has a legal 
 right to draw such warrants; and that they suggested to the attorney gen- 
 eral the advisability of applying to the supreme court for a writ of man- 
 damus directed to the state treasurer, requiring him to make such indorse- 
 ments upon the warrants drawn by the state auditor upon said fund, and 
 requesting him to consider whether it would not be better to apply for 
 such mandamus against the treasurer, rather than the auditor. 
 
 According to the suggestion last referred to, application was 
 made to the supreme court for an alternative writ of mandamus 
 directed to the state treasurer, requiring him to pay the amount of 
 a certain warrant drawn by the state auditor in favor of the Post- 
 Intelligencer Publishing Company, of Seattle; or, if without suffi- 
 cient funds in his hands for such payment, to indorse on the war- 
 rant a statement that it had been presented to him for payment and 
 had not been paid for want of funds; or show cause, etc. 
 
 The case turned upon section 4 of article 8 of the constitution, 
 which reads: 
 
 "No moneys shall be paid out of the treasury of this state, or any of 
 its funds, or any of the funds under its management, except in pursuance 
 of an appropriation by law; nor unless such payments be made within 
 two years from the 1st day of May next after the passage of such appro- 
 priation act, and every such law making new appropriation, or continuing 
 or reviving an appropriation, shall distinctly specify the sum appro- 
 priated, and the object to which it is to be applied, and it shall not be 
 sufficient for such law to refer to any other law to tix such sum." 
 
 The supreme court held this provision to be applicable, and de- 
 cided that no money could be paid out of the treasury under the 
 act, and that the auditor had no right to issue warrants on the uni- 
 versity fund thereunder, for want of specific appropriation. The 
 case is reported in Vol. 3, Washington Reports, pp. 125-130. 
 
 The opinion of the court concludes as follows: 
 
 "There being no appropriation upon which the relator's warrant could 
 be drawn, it follows that the alternative writ must be refused. But be- 
 fore concluding this opinion we deem it proper to guard its future con- 
 struction by the statement that it is not our intention to rule by any 
 inference that the auditor might not examine and approve an account 
 against the state (not issuing a warrant therefor) for the expenses of one 
 of its public institutions of necessity or charity, existing under general 
 laws, or of its governmental offices, where no appropriation has been 
 made, or where, by reason of unforseen circumstances, the appropriation 
 made had been exhausted. The alternative writ is denied." 
 
 Under this strong intimation from the supreme bench, the au- 
 ditor has felt authorized to issue, and has issued, certificates of 
 
28 WASHINGTON STATE CNIVERSITY 
 
 indebtedness on the accounts approved by the board. These cer- 
 tificates ought to bear interest on the same terras as the auditor's 
 warrants. 
 
 CONTRACT WITH THE ARCHITECT. 
 
 The board entered into contract with the architect, William E. 
 Boone, for the preparation of plans and specifications and the su- 
 perintendence of all work of construction, with compensation to 
 him at the rate of live per centum of the cost of the buildings. 
 
 This is the prevailing rate for such work, as will be seen by the 
 following statement, in the opinion of the supreme court of this 
 state in a case from Seattle, JVbycs v. Pugen, reported in Vol. 27 of 
 the Pacific Reporter, p. 540: "Several architects also testified that 
 the usual price charged by architects for drawing plans and specifi- 
 cations, and superintending the erection of buildings, or, in other 
 words, for full professional services, was five per cent, of the esti- 
 mated cost." 
 
 The architect entered immediately into correspondence with the 
 principal university officials in America and Europe, with the view 
 to getting their opinions and suggestions in regard to the most ap- 
 proved plans and facilities. He afterwards, at his own expense, 
 visited all the principal colleges and universities in the United 
 States for the same purpose, made careful examination of them, 
 and inquired into their cost. The specifications for the new uni- 
 versity building, prepared by him and adopted by the board, are 
 transmitted herewith in separate pamphlet. Immediately upon the 
 rejection of the bids for the construction of the main building, the 
 architect revised the specifications so as to use native material, 
 wherever it could be substituted for the foreign material provided 
 in the original specifications. He also revised the plans so as to 
 dispense, for the present, with the auditorium. 
 
 By these changes, a saving of about two hundred thousand dol- 
 lars could be effected. Could the state afford it, the board would 
 prefer to construct upon the original plans and specifications; but, 
 in view of the great ultimate loss which would be entailed by the 
 sale of the old university tract in Seattle at the present time, the 
 board is convinced that it is wise to omit the auditorium and to 
 dispense with foreign materials. When the board was established, 
 the sentiment of the state seemed to be strong and unanimous in 
 favor of erecting first class buildings for the university. Since 
 
LAND AND BUILDING COMMISSION. 29 
 
 that time the state has experienced a period of financial depression, 
 which must be taken into account in all schemes for carrying on 
 the work immediately. 
 
 ESTIMATED COST OF STRUCTURES. 
 
 The architect estimates that by the omission of the auditorium 
 from the main building, and by the modifications of the specifications 
 which have already been mentioned, the main building can be erected 
 for $150,000. He estimates the cost of the dormitories, dining 
 room and kitchen at $200,000; and the cost of the engine house 
 at $15,000. 
 
 BUILDINGS FIRST NEEDED. 
 
 We recommend that the time for the completion of the main uni- 
 versity building, ready for occupancy, be fixed at July 1st, 1896. 
 The engine house, dormitories, dining room and kitchen should also 
 be finished at that time. 
 
 Section 11 of the act gives less than two years for the completion 
 of these buildings. This time is too short. It will take three 
 years to do the work well and assuredly, and have the buildings in 
 proper condition for occupancy. If the work were done by the 
 board, much time could be saved. The publication of notices invit- 
 ing bids, to be followed perhaps, as at the outset, by the rejection 
 of all bids and re-advertisement for more a contingency likely to 
 happen again consumes a great deal of time. Even after the 
 acceptance of bids and the entering into contracts, many weeks must 
 elapse before the actual work of construction is begun. 
 
 CAUSE OF HIGH BIDS. 
 
 Section 10 of the act provides that each warrant drawn upon the 
 university fund "shall express upon its face whether the amount 
 therein stated is for material furnished or services rendered, or for 
 labor performed." 
 
 Under this provision it was necessary to invite bids for the ma- 
 terial separately from bids for labor. Under a single bid for the 
 entire work on the main building, for example, and a contract 
 entered into in accordance therewith, it would be wholly impracti- 
 cable to have each warrant issued to the contractor "express upon 
 its face" whether the amount therein stated is "for material fur- 
 nished" or "for labor performed." 
 
 This provision is responsible for the unexpected largeness of the 
 
30 WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY 
 
 bids. It is an anomaly which should be eliminated from the act, or 
 at least made applicable only in the event of the work being done 
 by day's labor under the immediate control and direction of the 
 board and its superintendent of construction. It is not in harmony 
 with the provision of sec. 9 that "the board shall let contract for 
 labor and material necessary for said buildings to the lowest re- 
 sponsible bidder." This latter provision is consistent with the 
 contract system. The provision in sec. 10 is consistent only with 
 the growing theory or popular opinion that all public work should 
 be done by day's labor under the immediate direction of the re- 
 sponsible officers of the government. If the work on the university 
 be done by the board and not under contract, it will be easy to give 
 effect to this provision and to have each warrant show whether it 
 is in payment for material, services or labor. 
 
 If one contractor shall perform the labor and another furnish the 
 material, it will also, then, be practicable to have each warrant con- 
 form to this requirement of section 10. If, however, one and the 
 same contractor shall be the lowest bidder for both the material 
 and the labor, it would be very difficult, if at all practicable, to 
 comply with this requirement. 
 
 An examination of the bids made to the board will show the 
 strong repugnance which the bidders had to the practical operation 
 of the provision in section 10, and their virtual refusal to make any 
 bid in conformity to its demand; and it cannot be said that they 
 were captious or unreasonable. Under it the lowest bidder for the 
 furnishing of the materials might not be the lowest bidder for the 
 performance of the labor; and the two contractors bidding the 
 lowest, severally, for these branches of the work might be unable 
 to cooperate honestly, heartily and harmoniously in the construc- 
 tion of the building. They would find themselves compulsory 
 partners in the work. The labor contractor would especially be 
 under manifest disadvantages; he would always be more or less at 
 the mercy of the material contractor. With the prospect of a 
 forced partnership of this kind, no one will willingly or con- 
 fidently undertake either branch of the work at ordinarily low 
 figures. 
 

 MAP OF THE STATE UNIVERSITY GROUNDS 
 SHOWING THE PRESENT CONDITION AND CONTOUR OK THK TIJACT. 
 
LAND AND BUILDING COMMISSION. 33 
 
 THE CHIEF ENGINEER'S REPORT. 
 
 The board employed the chief engineer at the compensation of 
 one hundred and fifty dollars per month and his necessary travel- 
 ing expenses. Although he did not devote his time exclusively to 
 the university, the important services which he rendered were very 
 inadequately paid for at this rate. He has at all times been earnest 
 and zealous in the employ of the board. We give herewith entire 
 his careful and interesting report to the board on the new univer- 
 sity site, the work done, the improvements needed, etc. 
 
 To the Honorable, the Board of University Land and Building Commis- 
 sioners, Seattle, Washington : 
 
 GENTLEMEN I have the honor to submit herewith a report of the im- 
 provements made by me under your directions, upon the State Univer- 
 sity grounds in section 16, township 25 north, range 4 east. 
 
 Very respectfully your obedient servant, FRED G. PLDMMER. 
 
 TACOMA, Feb. 17, 1892. Chief Engineer. 
 
 My appointment, made April 15, 1891, went into effect on the the 24th, 
 at which time the board ordered a preliminary survey of the section of 
 land from which the state grant of one hundred and sixty acres was to be 
 selected. With an assistant, I thoroughly scouted the section and recom- 
 mended a preliminary survey, which was immediately made and platted 
 for the information of the board, a papier mache cast was then made, 
 showing the precise contour of the lands, and after a careful consideration 
 the board made a selection in the southern part of the section, which in 
 my first report I spoke of as follows: 
 
 The selected site lies between Lakes Union and Washington, and has a- 
 frontage of about 1,400 feet on Lake Union and of about 3,800 feet on 
 Lake Washington. A backbone or divide, from 70 to 80 feet high, run& 
 north and south through the middle of the tract, and the land slopes with 
 gentle undulations east and west to the lake front. There is, in all, about 
 twenty acres of good farm land which very materially adds to its value. 
 
 The Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern railroad cuts the tract into two 
 unequal portions, which are very unlike in their characteristics. During^ 
 the building of the university the proximity of the railroad is a decided 
 advantage, but upon the completion of the same its location through the 
 tract is not desired. As the railroad claims no definite right-of-way or 
 easements, so far as I can learn, I would suggest that the matter of their 
 rights be carefully examined by competent attorneys, that the rights of 
 the university are not lost. 
 
 There is, however, sufficient room in the southern portion of the tract 
 entirely free from the railroad which, when improved, will be all that 
 could be desired for such an institution; if the railroad could not be 
 removed from the premises it could be so improved as to be sightly. 
 
 There are several points on the railroad grade where switches could 
 be put in for the convenience of building material, etc., during the pro- 
 
34 WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY 
 
 gress of the improvements. The new site is convenient of access from 
 the city and sufficiently elevated to be capable of thorough drainage, 
 possessing many suitable building sites for grouping the various halls 
 and cottages. Its natural approach is from the south, and it is likely 
 that a well graded boulevard will eventually connect the city of Seattle 
 with the grounds; a suitable entrance should, therefore, be provided on 
 the south boundary. 
 
 As the adjoining property might possibly be used for objectionable 
 purposes, a strip of timber, 200 or 300 feet in width, should be left sur- 
 rounding the boundaries of the tract, not including the lake front. 
 
 Views of both lakes and mountains can never be cut off by adjoining 
 owners. The soil on the tract is of fair quality, the land mostly a gravelly 
 clay and inclining in some places to a sandy loam. It will no doubt be 
 improved by the ordinary agricultural processes and brought to the best 
 condition for supporting ornamental trees, shrubs and lawns. There is 
 at present a fair growth of usual upland timber of fir, cedar, maple, 
 alder, willow, salal, Oregon grape, brake, etc., in fact, it is a typical 
 Sound upland country. A few small swamps lie in the lower lands and 
 drain into the lakes naturally. There is also found upon the land, in 
 limited quantities, yew, dogwood, wild plum, cherry, thorn, elder, wild 
 rose, and currants and honeysuckle, but they are all of stunted growth 
 and too poor to be \vorth saving. 
 
 The location of buildings should be with reference to the contour of 
 the land and as to distant views of water and mountain scenery, and the 
 buildings must harmonize with the character of the land upon which they 
 are placed. A tract of natural forest should be left adjoining the science 
 building for zoological and botanical purposes. A gulch should be left 
 in its natural condition for the location of ferneries, etc. The gradual 
 slopes and levels should be grassed, and they will afford the best oppor- 
 tunities for the highest class of landscape gardening. The perspective 
 of the buildings should be taken into careful consideration in reference 
 to the laying out of the land. The botanical and other gardens should be 
 located so as to include the best of the swamp land, together with a vari- 
 ety of natural soils for the propagation of the various flora. The recrea- 
 tion grounds should include baseball grounds, tennis grounds, archery 
 iield, rifle range, musical pavillion, riding paddock, bathing houses, boat 
 house and wharf. 
 
 The university, complete, will doubtless include twenty or more build- 
 ings, which should be properly grouped so as to be easy of access, well 
 lighted and heated, and at the same time command the best possible posi- 
 tion and view. 
 
 A complete water system is indispensable for sanitary regulations and 
 fire protection. Supply must be perpetual and the water must be pure 
 and good. The reservoir must be located at a sufficient elevation that a 
 stream can be thrown over the highest building without the aid of other 
 power. The drainage must not be into the same lake from which the 
 water supply is drawn. 
 
 An artesian well might be successful, but experiments in this country 
 
LAND AND BUILDING COMMISSION. 35 
 
 have been rare, and I would not advise the expenditure of over one 
 thousand dollars on a trial; I would rather advise the sinking of a good 
 well to a depth of 20 feet below the level of Lake Washington, and I 
 have no doubt that a sufficient supply could be found at that depth; 
 however, should a layer of hard-pan be struck at a short distance below 
 the surface, it might be necessary to tunnel from the lake to the well and 
 then fill up the tunnel with sand and small gravel and other materials, 
 which will aid the filtration of the water. Such a system would un- 
 doubtedly be successful and would not require to be renewed. 
 
 The buildings should be connected with a brick tunneling for the con- 
 ducting of steam and wires, and at the same time afford a valuable 
 means for ventilation by suction through the stack at the power house. 
 The tire hydrant system with independent pumps for the purpose of 
 keeping individual tanks tilled in the various buildings, should be 
 provided for. 
 
 I have enumerated these various points for the purpose of showing, 
 that although the main building will be the first, and possibly the only 
 institution of learning to be immediately built, it is necessary and very 
 important that it should be located with reference to all the future im- 
 provements that may be demanded by the growing institution, and 
 while errors in this will always be regretted, they cannot be remedied. 
 
 The necessary preparation for the grounds includes the clearing and 
 burning of the growth of timber and roots, the saving of the upper soil 
 where the same is to be graded; the draining where necessary, the 
 enriching and deepening of the soil where planting is to be done, and 
 the saving of all materials useful for building or constructing the walks 
 and drives. It will be a matter of economy to immediately improve a 
 small portion of the better land, and plant therein for transplanting the 
 shade trees that will be needed in the near future. 
 
 A considerable portion of the timber now standing is good for cord 
 wood, and should be saved; there is also considerable good timber and 
 piling upon the tract which should be saved. 
 
 I would strongly urge the advisability of doing all of this work by days' 
 labor under your immediate direction, as I consider that by this means 
 you can obtain just the kind of work you wish done. 
 
 I caused warning notices to be posted upon the lands to prevent the 
 removal of timber, gravel, sand and such materials as would be of value 
 in construction. In company with your architect, Mr. William E. Boone, 
 I assisted in locating approximately, the site for the administration 
 building. 
 
 On August 10th the work of clearing began near the center of the tract, 
 the small trees and undergrowth being first slashed until views of both 
 lakes were obtained, and the main building site was then finally located and 
 the timber clearing began. Only twenty men were employed at first, and 
 the number gradually increased as applications were made by good labor- 
 ers. The general orders for the clearing of the land, were as follows: 
 
 Work begins 7:30 A. M., ends 12 M. one-half day. 
 
 Work begins 1 P. M., ends 5 P. M. one-half day. 
 
36 WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY 
 
 No less than one-half day will be counted. 
 
 Men over twenty-one years of age, wages $2.25 per day. 
 
 Men under twenty-one years of age, wages $1.25 per day. 
 
 Water boys, $4 per week. 
 
 The best of the small houses on the Lake Union front was immediately 
 made secure as a temporary tool house. All tools and other property 
 were branded or stamped "S. of W." Several test holes were sunk in 
 order to determine the properties of the ground for heavy foundations. 
 
 The water supply question was thoroughly considered by the board, 
 and in pursuance of instructions, I made a careful study of the subject of 
 artesian supply, and submitted the following regarding the proposition 
 of a permanent well, then entertained by the board: 
 
 The superior advantages of a successful artesian well for water supply 
 purposes are acknowledged by experts of all countries. There is econ- 
 omy, convenience, unlimited supply and possibly abundance of power. 
 There is no other known system of water supply \vhich can claim so 
 much, excepting, perhaps, where the consumers are in the vicinity of an 
 elevated natural water course. Even then, there are chances of pollution 
 by up-stream residents, freezing in winter and drouth in summer, and as 
 the inhabitants of the world have not yet concluded to quit quarreling, 
 the elements of safety and security in times of invasion or siege, offer 
 good argument for the artesian well. 
 
 There are over 10,000 flowing wells in the western United States, a 
 large number of which are at high altitude or otherwise apparently un- 
 favorably located. In the Denver basin 250 out of 350 wells are flowing. 
 Out of 1,400 flowing wells sunk in one basin 400 now need pumping the 
 result of partially draining the source of supply by the large number of 
 wells. 
 
 The Puget Sound basin lies between the Cascades and Coast ranges. 
 It is of secondary formation, rolling and deeply furrowed by water 
 action. It is traversed north and south by an enormous fracture known 
 as Puget Sound, which at points is over 160 fathoms in depth. The 
 mountain streams en route to the Sound have cut deep canons, exposing 
 the formation and assist in locating the line of sandstone cropping. 
 From the general surface topography of the country it is possible to lo- 
 cate a probable line of artesian supply running to the point where the 
 experiment is to be made, and along this line to note the various for- 
 mations. 
 
 The depth to which the pipe must be sunk is a very uncertain element 
 in its construction, and it is only possible to estimate upon it by sound 
 reasoning. The formation of the basin is favorable to artesian con- 
 ditions, showing successive strata of clay, hardpan, gravel and sand, 
 sometimes with fractures and faults, but generally nearly parallel with 
 the surface. Artesian water would be confined between the impervious 
 strata which form the floor and roof of its natural conduit, and the whole 
 sloping with the inclination of the basin to the point where we propose 
 to tap it. The pressure given at the well, of course, depends upon the 
 
MAP OF THE STATE UNIVERSITY (JR(H"XIS 
 
 SHOWING THE FINAL IMPROVEMENTS CONTEMPLATED KOI; wmcii THE GRADING AND 
 
 WAS 
 
LAND AND BUILDING COMMISSION. 30, 
 
 elevation of the source and the absence of faults or other leaks in the 
 confining strata. 
 
 It is probable that the lower sandstone formation will be found at a 
 depth of 1,500 feet at the university grounds, and if this estimate is cor- 
 rect, that will be about the maximum limit of depth. It will be observed 
 that the university lands are located in a smaller basin within the large 
 basin. This smaller basin is very irregular in shape, and accounts for 
 the presence of Samamish lake, Samamish river, Lake Washington, 
 Lake Union, Salmon Bay and Smith's Cove. The elevation of these 
 lakes above the Sound indicates the presence of a supporting impervious 
 stratum, which is consequently impervious to upward pressure as well. 
 There can be ten strata as well as one, and one hundred as well as ten, all 
 overlying the sandstone, and it would seem probable that there would 
 exist at least one artesian lake patiently awaiting its destiny in the boil- 
 ers, laboratories, aquariums and gymnasiums of the future university. 
 
 It is evident that all strata containing artesian water lying above the 
 greatest depth of Puget Sound, discharge into the Sound. The axis of 
 the small basin above referred to, if projected, would reach a point where 
 the Sound is deepest, and from which it shoals both north and south. 
 This is an illustration of the well known fact that the sub-contours of the 
 Sound are similar in their features to the contours of the adjacent lands, 
 but it is also an indication that we will have to drill 1,000 feet for artesian 
 water unless some favoring fold or fault in the strata were by accident 
 tapped. It also might happen that in one of the upper artesian currents 
 (which discharge into the Sound) there would be sufficient head or pres- 
 ure, at the point tapped, being five miles above its outlet, to force a 
 stream above the surface. 
 
 In my opinion the chances are great that water will be struck before 
 the 1,500 feet limit is reached, and that the water will be good. The 
 best that could happen would be a supply of water at the surface with a 
 pressure of fifty pounds per square inch, which would give first class 
 building and hydrant service and a balance left for power. 
 
 I recommend that, as soon as practicable, the construction of a four- 
 inch artesian well be commenced at a point 400 feet to the northwest of 
 the location of the administration building site. Aside from accidents, 
 such a well would cost from $3.50 to $5.00 per foot, according to the 
 materials encountered, and would take a month for ever 500 feet of 
 depth. 
 
 Specifications accompanied the report, which was illustrated by chart 
 of the region and ideal profiles. 
 
 On September 16th, I submitted to the board the following: 
 
 The site selected for the main building by your architect and engineer 
 having been confirmed, I procured from the architect, Mr. Boone, a 
 ground plan and had it staked out upon the ground and found that our 
 conclusions as to the position and datum to be used, were correct. As 
 this structure is the architectural center of the buildings contemplated, 
 the importance of locating it correctly is apparent. It occupies a posi- 
 tion ( as shown on the engraving herewith ) at the north end of a straight 
 line of buildings, and from this point the line of buildings curves to the 
 right ( east) and terminates on a knoll overlooking the waters of Lake 
 
40 WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY 
 
 Washington. Several preliminary surveys were run over this line, and 
 it has been finally located and staked upon the grounds. I have profiled 
 and cross-sectioned it and found that the best and most suitable grade 
 will have a dip from south to northeast of ten feet in the total length of 
 2,000 feet. The earth to be moved will be about 54,000 yards and will 
 cost on the average, twenty cents per yard. I am strongly in favor of 
 doing all this grading immediately, for the following reasons: 
 
 1. It is the least that can be done to give first-class building sites. 
 
 2. Should any further grading be considered advisable, it will be 
 immediately apparent and can be done before the erection of the second 
 building, and without loss of time or money. 
 
 3. The main building will occupy such a position that to grade for it 
 would mean to move at least one-half that amount of earth, and at 
 probably seventy per cent, of the cost of the grading of the entire site. 
 
 4. During the erection of the main building, it will give increased 
 space for working and greatly facilitate the work. 
 
 It will be wise, during the progress of the grading, to separate for use 
 in the near future such gravel, sand and surface earth and loam as will 
 be needed for the enriching of the new surface, and the making of 
 proper drives. This matter will be given attention. 
 
 The area which it is proposed to improve, is about 25 acres. The 
 "bight" of the building line, partially encloses a campus of about 30 
 acres, on which comparatively little grading is necessary, as gentle 
 slopes nearly conforming with the present contour will give the best 
 effect. 
 
 The board ordered the work begun immediately, and pushed with all 
 speed to take advantage of the spell of good weather which precedes 
 the rain. So I secured the largest stump puller in the state and the serv- 
 ices of its inventor, and in four days it was in operation and doing good 
 work. The cost was sixty-five dollars per day, and the result about fifty 
 stumps per day. As many as eighty hitches can be made, but rotten 
 stumps break and require second or third hitches. I received offers for 
 teams and scrapers from various contractors, the highest figures being 
 $6 per day, and the lowest $4.25 per day. I gave this work to J. N. Foye 
 & Son Co. at the following figures: 
 
 For each scraper, with team, harness and teamster $4 25 per day 
 
 For each plow, with team harness and teamster 5 00 " 
 
 During all this time a crew of carpenters were busy erecting the tem- 
 porary quarters, consisting of a mess house and kitchen, bunk house, 
 stable, blacksmith shop and powder house. A temporary well was sunk 
 18 feet and gave a sufficient supply. 
 
 On October 10th I received instructions from the board by telegraph 
 from Olympia to stop all work. This was only nine days after the or- 
 ganization was complete and the large force of men all working to ad- 
 vantage. The daily report of October 10th was as follows: 
 
 Number of men chopping 13 
 
 Number of men sawing 10 
 
 Number of men rolling 23 
 
 Number of men grubbing 12 
 
 Number of men burning 4 
 
 Number of men stumping 9 
 
 Number of men blasting 1 
 
 Total number clearing 72 
 
LAND AND BUILDING COMMISSION. 
 
 Number of men plowing ...................................................................................... 3 
 
 Number of men scraping .................................................................................... 16 
 
 Number of men dressing .................................................................................... 2 
 
 Total number grading .............................................................................. 21 
 
 Number of foremen ............................................................................................. 7 
 
 Number of teamsters .............................................................................................. 7 
 
 Number of watchmen ........................................................................................... 1 
 
 Number of blacksmiths ........................................................................................ 2 
 
 Number of cooks* .................................................................................................. 1 
 
 Number of waiters* ................................................................................................ 1 
 
 Number of water carriers .................................................................................... 2 
 
 Number of carpenters ........................................................................................... 10 
 
 Number of officers .................................................................................................. 3 
 
 Engineer corps ......................................................................................................... 3 
 
 Number of horses .................................................................................................. 45 
 
 Number of wagons ...................................... .................... ...................................... 3 
 
 Number of wheel scrapers ................................................................................. 9 
 
 Number of drag scrapers ..................................................................................... 5 
 
 Number of plows ................................................................................................... 2 
 
 TOOLS. 
 
 Number of axes ...................................................................................................... 34 
 
 Number of mattocks ............................................................................................. 6 
 
 Number of picks .................................................................................................... 11 
 
 Number of shovels ................................................................................................. 9 
 
 Number of peavies .................................................... ............................................. 28 
 
 Number of saws ................................................................................................... 5 
 
 Number of brush hooks ........................................................................................ 6 
 
 Number of augurs ................................................................................................ 2 
 
 Number of sledges .......................................................... ". ...................................... 2 
 
 Number of wedges ................................................................................................ 3 
 
 Number of scythes ................................................................................................. 1 
 
 Number of bellows .............................................................................. ................. 1 
 
 Number of spring boards ................................ 2 
 
 Number of vices ..................................................................................................... 1 
 
 Number of grindstones ....................................................................................... 1 
 
 Number of ladders ............................................................................................... 1 
 
 * Not paid by the state. 
 
 [SEAL.] 
 
 I submit herewith a drawing of the ultimate improvement. It is, of 
 course, understood that the board only contemplates the erection of the 
 main building and dormitories immediately, but it was absolutely neces- 
 sary to have a fixed idea to work to in order that the work now done 
 might conform to the final result as desired. 
 
 A building located for itself alone, would not be suited to the grand 
 perspective when other improvements followed: The light, heating and 
 water system would also need constant changing or modifying, unless 
 properly laid at the outset to suit the final plans. 
 
 The administration building occupies the most commanding site, fac- 
 ing the east, with a beautiful view of Lake Washington and the Cascade 
 mountains. In the immediate foreground a campus, nearly level, with a 
 chapel at the south end. The dormitory site is just south of the adminis- 
 tration or main university building, and has a view of both lakes. It 
 
42 WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY 
 
 overlooks the botanical and experimental gardens which lie south of the 
 botanical hall. To the north of the main building is chemical and physi- 
 cal ball, which is connected by a corridor with the structures comprising 
 the power house, manual training sheds and school of mines. The latin 
 and legal hall is next in line, and is separated from the library and art 
 hall by a small ravine over which the walk crosses upon a bridge. 
 Southeast of the library is the astronomical observatory, located upon a 
 knoll and commanding a view from the transit house due north and south. 
 It is as far as possible from all disturbances. The club and boat house 
 site is on the point north of the observatory, and in front of it is the 
 wharf and boat landing. A drive leads up the hill to the gymnasium in 
 front of which is an eighth mile running track. The hill slopes are 
 graded off in the form of a small fortress for the use of military students, 
 and a low ramp forms a safe wall. North of the railroad is a field for the 
 national game. 
 
 The county roads are diverted to cross the lands to the rear of the 
 main line of buildings, and are partly hidden by shrubbery and natural 
 woods. The main boulevard enters from the south through an arch and 
 gate, and immediately commands a view of all the buildings in per- 
 spective. It follows the building line as far as legal hall, where a down 
 grade to the wharf begins and the drive passes under the front bridge. 
 Walks connect the buildings and contour the lake front, and a broad, 
 straight promenade leads from the entrance of the administration build- 
 ing across the campus and descends the bench by steps and landing of 
 neat architecture. 
 
 Other landscape features include natural woods, an aquatic garden 
 with a breakwater in the little bay south of the boat house, and an aqua- 
 rium on the lake front near the southeast corner of the campus. 
 
 It is very probable that many changes in the details will be made as 
 the improvement progresses, but the contour of the grounds has fixed the 
 general arrangement, and it is doubtful if lands could be found better 
 suited to the purpose. The walks and drives will offer beautiful and 
 ever changing views, and the total result will be as dignified and elegant 
 as the standing and prosperity of the State of Washington demands. 
 
 EXPENDITURES. 
 
 Labor $6,855 61 
 
 Lumber for temporary buildings 4!)2 27 
 
 Hardware, tools and explosives 476 12 
 
 Stationery. ... 24 05 
 
 $7,848 05 
 
 COST IN DETAIL. 
 
 Clearing $4,078 76 
 
 Building trestle, railroad switch 960 00 
 
 Stumping 7<)7 25 
 
 Grading <i77 33 
 
 Carpentering 342 35 
 
 $6,855 61 
 
LAND AND BUILDING COMMISSION. 
 
 Clearing, cost per acre $62 70 
 
 Stumping, cost per acre ......................... ............................................... 66 44 
 
 Grading, cost per yard .............................................................................. 89 
 
 The above represents the following work: 
 
 Area underbrushed and cleaned up, 76 acres. 
 Area cleared and burned, 56 acres. 
 Area stumped and grubbed, 12 acres. 
 Amount earth moved, 7,560 cubic yards. 
 Crib trestle for railroad switch, 500 feet. 
 Buildings, roads, well, etc. 
 
 It will be noticed that the cost of moving earth per yard is only about 
 nine cents, while my estimate was twenty cents. This is accounted for 
 by the fact that much of the earth is to be moved twice, that the best 
 soil may be left upon the finished grade. 
 
 It was this which led me to so strongly urge the improvement of the 
 entire site, that the low places which contained the best soil might not be 
 covered up with several feet of pan and gravel, as would be the case if 
 the main building site was graded alone. 
 
 The railroad trestle is a cross-cribbing of fir and cedar logs about ten 
 feet in height and about 500 feet in length. It was made from the timber 
 felled, and answers the double purpose of bridging the railroad switch 
 over the low ground behind the main building site, and stores for 
 future use about 500 cords of wood. It is at present located so as to 
 switch cars to the first foundation, but can be moved as occasion demands. 
 
 The temporary buildings accommodate sixty men and thirty teams. 
 Room is provided for doubling the sleeping capacity of the bunk house 
 should occasion demand. The blacksmith house contains a brick forge- 
 The powder house is of double thickness, with tar paper on all sides, top 
 and roof. No iron was used on the inside sheeting. Its capacity is 
 3,000 pounds. 
 
 It will be readily understood that the first ten days of a work of this 
 magnitude cannot be considered indicative of the skill employed in man- 
 agement, but an examination of the figures will show that the results 
 compare very favorably with all work of similar character. The class of 
 labor employed was of the best, and discharges for incompeteucy were 
 few. The men were from Seattle, Fremont, Latona, Brooklyn and Kent. 
 
 The sudden stopping of the work so soon after its complete organiza- 
 tion was deplorably expensive to the state, as it required time to find 
 each man's best abilities and use them to advantage. Where the running 
 expenses are over three hundred dollars per day, stopping and starting is 
 costly. 
 
 I believe it to be demonstrated that day's labor is cheaper, better and 
 more satisfactory than contract labor, especially on work of this nature. 
 Good discipline and strict methods are possible only when the work is 
 under immediate control. 
 
44 WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY 
 
 THE STUMP PULLER. 
 
 This machine created considerable interest on the grounds and re- 
 ceived favorable comment from progressive men, as well as criticism from 
 the advocates of powder and cheap labor. It consists of a heavy steel 
 frame on runners, on which is horizontally mounted a powerful geared 
 chain-wheel which engages and pulls the main chain of the machine. In 
 operation the puller is anchored by a back cable to the foot of a large 
 stump and from this one "set up" all the stumps within a circle of seven 
 or eight acres can be pulled without change of location. We used a double 
 sweep and four horses, which gave sufficient power with the gearing to 
 pull any stump on the ground with ease. Experiments have shown that 
 stumps of ten foot firs are readily pulled. The largest stump pulled on 
 the ground had a spread of the roots of 42 feet, and required twenty 
 minutes to pull. 
 
 EXPENDITURES. 
 
 The total amount expended by the board, and for which the audi- 
 tor has issued either warrants or certificates of indebtedness, is 
 twenty thousand two hundred and sixty-five dollars and fifty-five 
 cents ($20,265.55). 
 
 The warrants include twelve thousand eight hundred and seventy- 
 two dollars and sixty-nine cents ($12,872,69) of this amount; the 
 certificates of indebtedness, seven thousand three hundred and ninety- 
 two dollars and eighty-six cents ($7,392.86). 
 
 The board has on hand furniture, working tools, etc., which 
 cost thirteen hundred and fourteen dollars and thirty-four cents 
 ($1,314.34). 
 
 The foregoing figures cover all items up to January, 1893. 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 The extended extracts from the record of our proceedings which 
 have been copied into this report reveal the chagrin and disappoint- 
 ment with which the compulsory cessation of work on the con- 
 struction of the new university was received by the board. We 
 had an earnest desire to erect first rate buildings at the lowest 
 possible cost, and to save the university from making a ruinous and 
 irretrievable sacrifice of the landed property still in its possession. 
 In pursuit of these objects, we were zealously vigilant, and spared 
 no pains. The act creating the board overlooked an important con- 
 stitutional restriction upon the power of the legislature; an over- 
 sight not to be wondered at, in view of the recent adoption of the 
 constitution, and the brevity of the time at the disposal of the leg- 
 
LAND AND BUILDING COMMISSION. 45 
 
 islature for the careful preparation of legislative measures. By 
 this unfortunate oversight, much time has been lost in the prosecu- 
 tion of a noble enterprise which will redound for all time to the 
 glory and benefit of the state. 
 
 Respectfully submitted. JOHN ARTHUR, 
 
 [SEAL.] President pro tempore. 
 
 Attest: JAMES R. HAYDEX, Secretary. 
 
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