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 3 1822 01137 3651 
 
 
 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 
 University of California, San Diego 
 
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 1 
 
 
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 A HISTORY 
 
 FIRST QUARTER OF THE SECOND CENTURY 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL 
 
 UEAD BEFORE THE BOARD OF MANAGERS AT THEIR STATED 
 MEETING HELD 9th MO. 25th, 1876, 
 
 BY 
 
 J.FORSYTH MEIGS, M.D. 
 
 Published by the Board of Managers. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 COLLINS, PRINTER, TOf) JAYNE STREET. 
 
 1877.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 In the year 1851, Dv, George B. Wood prepared, ut the 
 request of the Managers of the Pennsylvania Hospital, a 
 history of the first hundred 3'ears of the Institution. 
 
 At the close of the year 1875, the Managers, in view of 
 the approaching celehration in the year 1876, in this city, of 
 the hundredth year of the nation, deemed it wise to have 
 the liistory of the Hospital continued to that period. The 
 following sketch of the first quarter of the second century 
 of the Institution (1851-1876) is the fruit of this action of 
 the Managers. 
 
 In preparing this history, the writer has endeavored to 
 demonstrate to the reader the strict integrity and the close 
 economy with which the aftairs of the Institution have been 
 administered. By doing this he hoped to show that to this 
 Hospital, the charitable might safely entrust their gifts, in 
 the sure confidence that their oftering would not be lost nor 
 misapplied. 
 
 J. FORSYTH MEIGS.
 
 ADDRESS. 
 
 At a stated meeting of the Board of Managers of 
 the Pennsylvania Hospital, held 27th December, 
 1875, the following preamble and resolutions were 
 adopted : — 
 
 Whereas, It is believed that benefit would result 
 from bringing up the history of the Pennsylvania 
 Hospital as a supplement to the able Centennial 
 Address delivered by Prof Wood in 1851, to the 
 present time, thereby furnishing our contributors and 
 fellow-citizens with a correct statement of what has 
 been done by our venerable lugtitution ; and — 
 
 Whereas, We think there is no one more competent 
 to perform the task than our senior attending Physi- 
 cian, Dr. J. Forsyth Meigs : therefore, 
 
 Itesolved, That he be respectfully invited to under- 
 take the work, in order that we may be kept in 
 remembrance by the very large number of our friends, 
 as well as to make ourselves known to those who are 
 strangers to our just claims upon all who can sympa- 
 thize with the afflicted. 
 
 Mesolved, That a Committee be appointed to aid 
 Dr. Meigs in obtaining all the information he may 
 require, to furnish a correct list of our officers to
 
 1S7'». aiul Id sii|H>riiilriul ihe puhlicalion. The Presi- 
 (Iriit nanu'il tlu' Ibllowinn- in(.'inl)ers as the Committee, 
 \\/..: A\c\. IVuliUe, fIose])h H. Towiiseiid, Samuel 
 AVcl>h, SainiR'l Mason, T. Wistar Brown. 
 
 Sioned hy the President and Secretary on behalf 
 of the Board. 
 
 William Biddle, President, 
 Benjamij^ H. Shoemaker, Secretary. 
 
 On receiving notice of the action of the Board of 
 Managers, I gladly undertook the task, having been 
 connected with the Institution for a number of years, 
 first as resident physician, and then as one of the 
 attending physicians, and having always felt towards 
 it a great tenderness and interest. 
 
 My predecessor, in writing the history of this 
 noble charity, concluded with the year 1851, the end 
 of the first century of its existence. Those who wish 
 to see from how small a germ this now extensive and 
 most useful Institution has grown, should consult 
 Prof. "Wood's interesting address. It carries us back 
 to the days of colonial life, when loyal adherence to 
 the King was one of the moral laws, and when a 
 small town marked the origin of this vast city. It 
 carries us through the war of the Revolution, the 
 separation from the mother country, and the conver- 
 sion of a colonial Province into a great and indepen- 
 dent State, amidst all which changes the Hospital 
 continued its good work, though often under much 
 distress for ways and means.
 
 In 1851 the Hospital, wliich, up to the year 1841, 
 consisted of but one department, in which the sick 
 and wounded and insane were received and treated in 
 a single building, had been divided for ten years 
 (1811) into two departments, that for the sick and 
 wounded in the city building, and that for the insane 
 at the new establishment in AVest Philadelphia. 
 
 These two departments, I beg the reader clearly to 
 understand, are one and the same Hospital, acting 
 under the one original charter, granted by the Pro- 
 vincial Assembly of the Pennsylvania Province in 
 1751, managed and governed by the same Board of 
 Managers. The two are but different members of 
 the one body, having the same interests, an equal 
 pride in success, and equal grief in times of distress, 
 each one assisting the other when assistance is 
 needed, and both aiding in the one common object, 
 the relief and cure of the sick, wounded, and insane. 
 These facts I insist upon, because there has been, it is 
 said, a feehng of jealousy in the minds of some, since 
 the separation into two departments, as to the relative 
 importance of the one or the other. And yet this 
 feeling ought not to exist, for in the charter it is 
 written that the Hospital is intended "for the recep- 
 tion and rehef of lunaticks, and other distempered and 
 sick now within this Province." The Managers were 
 compelled, therefore, to provide for the care of the 
 insane. The charter, indeed, puts the "lunaticks" 
 first in the order of enumeration. Whether this 
 phraseology of the deed were accidental, as is most 
 probable, or intentional, it is impossible to sav. Dr.
 
 Franklin, wlio had so nuu-li to do with the foundation 
 oC the llo>[)ital, i;-ives, in his autobiography, a short 
 history of its inception, saying- that in 1751, " Dr. 
 Thos. Bond, a i>articuhir friend of mine, conceived 
 the idea of estabHshing a liospital in Pliiladelphia (a 
 very beneficent design, which has been attributed to 
 me, but "Nvas originally his) for the. reception and cure 
 of sick persons, whether inhabitants of the Province 
 or strangers." Here we have the germ-idea of the 
 Hospital, and, doubtless, wdiat Drs. Bond and Frank- 
 lin thouo-ht of at the moment was the whole bodv of 
 sick poor. 
 
 At first, all the patients were treated in one build- 
 ing; for who, more than a century ago, understood 
 the true methods of treatment and cure of the insane ? 
 But, as time went on and knowledge grew, the mana- 
 gers and the medical staff of the Hospital learned, by 
 degrees, that the treatment of insane persons required 
 other accommodations, other surroundings and in- 
 fluences, than those which could be obtained within 
 the narrow bounds of one square of ground, in the 
 heart of a great city. 
 
 But all this mil be told hereafter. "What I now wish 
 ao-ain to impress upon the reader, is the fact that the 
 Hospital is but one, and that my duty mil be to trace 
 the history of its two departments from the year 1851, 
 the end of the first century of its existence, to the 
 present year .1876, the first Centennial year of the 
 nation. 
 
 In the year 1851, when my history is to begin, ten 
 years after the separation of the two departments, the
 
 Managers were busil}^ engaged in completing some 
 very important changes in the city Hospital, to fit it for 
 what was, in the fnture, to be its portion of the great 
 work of the Institution, the care of the sick and 
 wounded. Already, the west wing, which, prior to 
 the year 1841, was dev^oted to the insane patients, 
 had been completely remodelled, so as to make two 
 admirable wards, the lower story devoted to the 
 Women's Surgical, the upper to the Women's Medi- 
 cal wards. The long corridors connecting the centre 
 building with the Avestern wing, are built with alcoves 
 on each side, each alcove containing two beds, and 
 allowing the inmates, by means of a curtain hung 
 aci'oss the opening into the corridor, to enjoy a cer- 
 tain amount of privacy, the possession of which is 
 to some of the more sensitive patients a great luxury. 
 
 Each of these wai-ds has its own bath-rooms, water- 
 closets, and a ward-kitchen, in which latter can be 
 prepared any special food that may be necessary. 
 
 In 1851, the west Aving Avas, as I have said, finished, 
 and the centre building also had been greatly modi- 
 fied. Amongst other changes, the ncAV Library had 
 been built, from what had been previously the Wo- 
 meu's Medical Wards. The east Aving Avas being 
 remodelled. The long Avard, connecting the centre 
 Avith the wing fronting on Eighth Street, AA^as taken 
 doAvn, and the tAVo long Avards erected, as they 
 noAV stand. These Avards have no alcoves like those 
 of the Avest Aving. The east Aving Avas not taken 
 down, but considerable changes Avere made in it. 
 This part of the house Avas devoted to the male pa-
 
 G 
 
 tii'iils, tlic lower stories to surg-ieal, and the upper to 
 inotlieal i)atients. They are exeellent Avards, and are 
 heated, ventilated, and ])rovided Avith bath-rooms, 
 "vvater-closets, and kitchens like the west wing;. The 
 rejiairs to, and other changes, made in the centre 
 buildino-, and the east wino-, in 1851 and 1852, cost 
 ^59,91:9.r)9. The cost of repairing- the Avest Aving in 
 1846-47 Avas $17,865.28, and that of fitting up the 
 library AA^as $3146.35. The latter expense was paid 
 out of the medical fund. 
 
 Another chano-e made in 1851 AA^as the closing- of 
 the lying-in AA^ard, at first for the purpose of making* 
 I'oom for the other patients during the repairs to the 
 main buildings. The AA^ard AA^as finally closed by a 
 A'ote of the Board in 1853. It had cost $20,000 more 
 than its AA'hoIe fund, principal and interest. More- 
 OA^er, there had been several recurrences of puerperal 
 fever amongst the patients, and it Avas feared that these 
 visitations had some connection Avith the surgical 
 wards, and possibly Avith the post-mortem examina- 
 tions, which the resident ph3"sicians Avere compelled 
 to make. 
 
 Besides the centre and main buildings there is quite 
 a large house in the northeastern portion of the hos- 
 pital square, which has long been knoAvn as the 
 Xorth House. This building has three stories, and 
 has had for many years a w^ard for syphilitic cases, 
 and another for colored male patients. Within a 
 very few years, as I shall have occasion to tell, one 
 of the loAA'er rooms of this house has been converted 
 into a Recent-Accident Avard. This buildino- has its
 
 own proper bath-rooms, water-closets, and kitchen. 
 It is even now proposed to pull down this old and not 
 conveniently arranged building, and remodel and 
 enlarge it, or to erect a new one to serve its pre- 
 sent purposes, and to be used also for the out-door 
 l^atient or dispensary department, which has grown 
 into very considerable importance within a few j^ears 
 past. On the northwestern portion of the square is 
 another quite large building, which was originally a 
 stable and cow-house, the upper story of which has 
 been fitted np into wards which, though low, imper- 
 fectly lighted, heated, and ventilated, can be, and 
 have been, temporarily used to receive the patients 
 from the other wards, when the latter had to be 
 vacated for the purpose of cleaning, painting, or 
 repairs. The building on Spruce Street, which had 
 been erected to receive West's famous picture of 
 Christ healing the sick, was, when this picture was 
 removed to the Academy of Fine Arts, leased to 
 the College of Physicians. When the College re- 
 moved to their new building, the picture-house, as it 
 was called, was leased to the Historical Society. 
 
 I pass on now to the general history of the city de- 
 partment of the Hospital, that for the sick and 
 wounded, during the last twenty-five years (since 
 1851). In doing this I shall show that this depart- 
 ment has been on the whole growing steadily in use- 
 fulness, and in its means for doing good, and I shall 
 show, too, Avhat great difficulties have been met and 
 overcome by the managers — how, during, and since 
 the war, the expenses of the department have con-
 
 8 
 
 st;mtly outrun the iuc-omt' of the >\li()le vested capital 
 i»l' the institution, and how the nianaofers have been 
 compelled to ap})eal to the public for tl\e means of 
 l)ayingthe annual expenses. 
 
 The number of patients received into the wards has 
 been increasing. In the five years from 1851 to 1855 
 inclusive, the whole number was 8845, of which num- 
 ber (3117 "were on the free list, and 1728 were pay 
 ])atients, making a percentage of 72 free. From 1872 
 to 1876, inclusive, the whole number received was 
 9250, of which 7088 were free, and 2163 pa}^, or 76 
 percentage of poor. 
 
 In the report for the year 1856, the managers call 
 attention to the increasing demands made upon this 
 department, owing to the growth of the population 
 of the city from 20,000, when the Hospital began 
 its career, to 500,000, at that time. They state that, 
 had they the funds to defray the expenses of an 
 increased number of patients, they have ample accom- 
 modations for seventy-five additional in the wards. 
 One special cause of the difiiculty in which the 
 hospital was now placed for funds, was the singular, 
 and ver}^ great, increase in the cost of provisions. 
 The managers state, that within ten years, the outlay 
 for provisions had increased 75 per cent., and yet 
 this was some years before the war began, to which 
 has been generally attributed the rise in the cost of 
 food, which has oppressed us all. 
 
 In the same year a Committee on Retrenchment 
 was appointed by the Board. This Committee met 
 several times, and had a synopsis of the statistics of
 
 9 
 
 the house, for the previous ten years, prepared by the 
 Steward. From this it appeared " that the number 
 of patients on the poor-list (other than recent acci- 
 dents) continues to average about seventy daily; 
 there has been no increase of them, while of recent 
 accidents the number has nearly doubled, there being 
 twenty-nine in 18^6, since gradually increasing, until 
 now the average is fifty-six. This will partially 
 account for the very greatly increased expenses of 
 the Institution, as such cases are very costly in the 
 appliances used, and the stimulants, medicines, and 
 diet that are required." During this period (1846 to 
 1856) the number of patients increased from 111 to 
 166, and the whole number of inmates of the house 
 from 150 to 211. The annual expenditiu'es had been 
 in 1816, $15,909.47 ; in 1856, they were $36,741.04. 
 The drafts on the Treasurer had increased from 
 $12,200 per annum to $25,000. The Committee 
 concluded that the chief reasons for these largely in- 
 creased expenditures, were the increased size of the 
 flimily, the great number of recent accidents, and the 
 high price of provisions and food. 
 
 These facts — that the expenses had considerably 
 more than doubled, whilst the number of patients had 
 increased but little over one-third — will explain how 
 difficult a task the Managers had before thorn. The 
 endowment fund was growing very slowl}^ but the 
 expenses had more than doubled, and the number of 
 patients increased but little over a third. What were 
 they to do? More money must bo raised, and we 
 slmll see, as we go on with the history, with what
 
 10 
 
 ]intiont eouran'o ;iiul persovenuK'c, the Managers con- 
 tinueil to pivss tlio causo upon the public. 
 
 In the Keport foi- 1857, it is again stated that the 
 income of the Hospital is insufficient for its mainte- 
 nance, and thej appeal again forcibly to the public 
 for aid. 
 
 "We find the same difficulty constantly referred to 
 in the various reports. In that for 1861, regret is 
 again expressed that the means of usefulness of the 
 cit}' department cannot be increased. The doors of 
 the Hospital must remain shut to man}^ for the want 
 of adequate funds. The income of the Hospital, they 
 state, "is rednced, whilst the cost of support of the 
 patients, from the high price of provisions and sup- 
 plies of all kinds, is much greater than ever before." 
 The cost of fuel alone for the last year had been 
 $11,600 more than for the year prior to that. The 
 Steward of one of the departments, on returning from 
 market, stated that he had just paid $65 for what he 
 formerly obtained for $35. 
 
 By this time, things had reached such a climax 
 that the means of the Hospital must be increased, or 
 its expenses diminished. The only j^ossible method 
 of lessening the expenses, would have been to close 
 some of the wards, or to limit to a much lower point 
 than had been the rule, the number of admissions. 
 Fi'om the earliest period of the history of the Insti- 
 tution, one invariable practice had obtained in its 
 management, of which the Managers, the Surgical 
 and Medical Staff, the Officers, all its old personal 
 friends, and the whole public of Philadelphia, were
 
 11 
 
 proud with a just and noble pride. This was a rule 
 which had never been departed from. It was the law 
 of the house that any recent accident, brought to the 
 Hospital w^ithin tw^enty-four hours of its occurrence, 
 should be received without question. I have never 
 known this law and custom to be infringed. It was 
 known to all classes of Philadelphia citizens. Any 
 laborer, mechanic, engineer, or wayfarer, nndergoing 
 a surgical injury within twenty-four hours of Phila- 
 delphia, was, nntil within a very few years, carried 
 by universal acclamation to the Hospital. When I 
 was a mere boy, many times have T seen a w^ooden 
 settee, bearing some wounded sufferer, lifted upon the 
 shoulders of four men, being carried slowly and care- 
 fully through the streets, with its few or many friends 
 attending, and with its train, of course, of inevitable 
 boys. I knew at once what it meant, as did all 
 passers-by. "Ah ! some poor fellow has been hurt, 
 and they are taking him to the Hospital." 
 
 This being the law^ and tradition of the Hospital, 
 the Managers had but one course before them : to 
 close the medical wai-ds entirely, or to diminish the 
 number both of medical cases, and of surgical cases, 
 other than recent accidents. 
 
 Distant hints began to be given as to the dread 
 necessities which had come upon the old house, and 
 the possible closure of the medical wards w^as occa- 
 sionally whispered about. 
 
 But the Managers rose to the occasion, as they 
 always had done in the history of this great charity. 
 And I deem myself fortunate in being the man,
 
 12 
 
 uliosi' rio-lit ;nul diit v it is lo say, that Philadelphia 
 is jiistilii'd in tlic pride she takes in the management 
 of this Institution. And when its citizens shall see, 
 as I nm alwut to show them, how the Managers 
 eariied the Hospital over this dreary and dismal 
 time, they may well say, "Well done, good and faith- 
 ful servants ;" and they may, too, justly pride them- 
 selves upon their own liberality towards the Hospital 
 on these occasions. 
 
 In 18(34, at the annual meeting of the contributors 
 in the month of May, the Managers applied for, and 
 received, authority to " appeal to our fellow-citizens 
 in the endeavor to raise an amount sufficient to cover 
 the encroachment on our capital of previous years 
 (which necessity compelled), of some forty thousand 
 dollars, as well as the probable deficiency of the pre- 
 sent 3^ear, of at least an equal sum, it being supposed 
 there W'Ould be an increased expenditure necessary in 
 the cost of living, and the result has shown the cor- 
 rectness of this opinion." 
 
 The appeal was made, and, though the applications 
 for money at this time, in consequence of the war, 
 were innumarable, the Managers obtained the sum of 
 $65,055 by contributions. Soon after this, a strong 
 appeal was made by the medical and surgical staff, 
 several thousand copies of which were distributed. 
 Aided by this renewed invitation to the charitable, 
 the Committee raised f 34:,948.27 additional. Out of 
 this total, .$100,003.27, the indebtedness to the capital 
 of S40,000 was refunded, and, after paying the ^^ear's 
 (1865) deficiency of $42,000, the surplus of $18,000 
 was merged in the capital.
 
 13 
 
 But the Hospital was not yet, by any means, 
 throngh its troubles. In the Report of the Managers 
 for 1866, are some statements, which I shall quote, 
 that its friends may see through what evil times it 
 had to pass during the great rebelhon, and with what 
 courage and animation, tempered sometimes with 
 fear and doubt, the Managers fought on through 
 their many difficulties and embarrassments. 
 
 This Report (1866) says : " The abnormal condi- 
 tion in which our country has been placed during the 
 past five years, has equally taxed the resources of the 
 Government, and those of our benevolent institutions, 
 depending for their existence and usefulness upon 
 the popular favor and support. Individuals, it is 
 true, have been enriched by the long and exacting- 
 war in which the nation has been engaged ; and the 
 recently published list of colossal incomes disclosed 
 to the world the names of those who, in this unto- 
 ward state of things, have been signally benefited by 
 the sectional struggle that has prevailed, but the 
 country at large has become a pecuniary debtor to 
 such a degree that might well a2:>2)al the stoutest 
 heart in contemplating the possible period of its re- 
 lief. Besides, there are many individuals around us 
 who have involuntarily changed their relation of 
 creditor to that of debtor, and who mourn iinavail- 
 ingly over a desolation that promises no return to 
 meet their suspended and craving obligations at home. 
 Under these circumstances, it should occasion no 
 surprise that institutions dependent on voluntary aid 
 for their maintenance, should experience the greatest
 
 14 
 
 oinl>;uTassmcnt in carrying- out the purposes of their 
 ereation. The ahstraetion of so many men from the 
 field of production, and the necessary change in the 
 standard of vahies incident to a protiacted war, have 
 augmented prices to such an extent, that the estab- 
 Hshed endowment and current receipts have proved 
 wholly inadequate for the support of our leading 
 charitable institutions." 
 
 The Report refers to the well-known fact that there 
 is so often to be seen in the public papers, the short 
 record " sent to the Pennsylvania Hospital," wdien 
 by some terrible accident, one or two, or even twenty 
 suiferers, have been sent to the surgical wards with- 
 out announcement, where they have always been 
 received and tended with every care. It refers 
 to the increased costs of the Institution, and says : 
 "But the necessaries of life, and the indispensable 
 appliances in ministering to the afflicted, have ad- 
 vanced more than tAvofold in price since our civil war 
 began, whilst the number of free or unremunerating 
 patients has largely increased in both the medical 
 and surgical wards. The numbers of the former 
 might be curtailed, and, indeed, the wards might be 
 closed altogether ; but this would be a sad alternative, 
 for besides the suifering that w^ould thus be intensified, 
 the character of the Hospital in its connection with 
 our far-famed medical schools would be greatly im- 
 paired." Here we see a distinct reference to the 
 possibility of the Managers being forced to close one 
 of the most important wards of the Hospital. 
 
 But, fortunately for the poor, for the city, and for
 
 15 
 
 the good ftime of the Hospital, the Managers still 
 struggled bravely on. 
 
 They, in concert Avith a Committee of the con- 
 tributors, issued a strong appeal to the public, stating 
 that " the present current expenses of the Institution 
 require about fifteen thousand dollars per annum 
 more than its income from investments and pay-pa- 
 tients." The number of patients in the Hospital at 
 this time was 171, and of these, 133 were on the 
 free-list. The cost of the Hospital for the fiscal year 
 1865 was f 57,181.32, while the income from invest- 
 ments and from pay-patients had been $12,122,77. 
 
 The a^Dpeal proposed that subscriptions should be 
 made first for specified sums, to be paid annually for 
 a term of years, towards the deficient income of the 
 Hospital, and, secondly, of sums to be added to the 
 permanent fund, of which the interest or income 
 alone should be used. 
 
 In the following year, ending May, 18G7, under 
 the appeal just referred to, there Avere received 
 $20,100 to be added to the capital fund, and $136,556 
 to be paid by instalments running through periods of 
 three, four, and five years, as contributions to the 
 annual expenses. 
 
 With these additions to its means, the department 
 continued its work with comparative ease for a few 
 years. But it was limited as to its usefulness. In 
 the Keport of the medical and surgical staff" to the 
 Board of Managers, in May, 1869, the staff' set forth 
 that " we regret not to be able to report to you from 
 year to year any great increase in the number of [)a-
 
 16 
 
 tionts. as l)()th space and means limit us in that 
 resj)e(.'t. AVith ajipropi-iate l)iiildings and am])le pc- 
 euniaiv resources, we could within the square of 
 ground which we occupy, make our Hospital one of 
 many more beds ; but, as these are wanting, we must 
 at present be content with the polic}^ of improving and 
 perfecting the accommodations that we ah-eady have." 
 
 In 1872, the Managers are compelled to exj)ress 
 the fear that, as the subscriptions towards the annual 
 expenses, made in 1866-7, were running out, there 
 would again be a heavy deficiency, unless the citizens 
 came forward with additional help. They refer to 
 their difficulties in the following strong language : 
 "We do not hesitate to say that, whilst economy 
 in expenditures has been carefully studied in all 
 that relates to the internal management of the 
 Hospital, we fear that economy has reached the point 
 of parsimony, from an inability to supply the com- 
 forts of the suffering.-' 
 
 I can bear Avitness to the truth of all this, as I Avas 
 on duty during three months of each year, and I 
 know the economy was what one sees and feels, in 
 the care of a family living on a very straitened in- 
 come. The Hospital needed many changes and 
 renovations, but as yet the income made it impossible 
 to do more than continue the same average course it 
 had been following for a number of years. The 
 Managers wished to improve the ventilation, renew 
 the household material, provide better maintenance 
 for and attendance upon the sick, and improve the 
 culinary department.
 
 17 
 
 In 1873, the deficiency in the income was still yery 
 great, but the Keport says that : " As regards the 
 endowment fund — the interest of which is alone 
 applicable to current expenses — it has been pleasing 
 to Providence to place it in the hearts of men volun- 
 tarily to increase it by amounts rarely equalled in any 
 year of our existence." 
 
 In 1875, this department was still very much em- 
 barrassed, though the deficiency was not quite so 
 great as in previous years. The expenses were 
 $65,141.17, an excess over the income from the en- 
 dowment fund, and the receipts from pay-patients 
 and subscriptions received by the Steward, of over 
 eight thousand dollars (|8,173.69). 
 
 In this year many improvements were made at a 
 very large cost. They were shown to be necessary 
 by the light of recent hygienic discoveries. 
 
 The Report states that, "in the male department, 
 the windows in the Avash-rooms have been enlarged 
 to admit more light and air. 'New marble basins, 
 with hot and cold w^ater, have been added; new 
 receivers of iron, lined with porcelain, with traps and 
 larger pipes, have been placed in the water-closets, 
 with an increased flow of water for drainage. Bath 
 rooms have been re-arranged, and basins, with marble 
 or slate tops, placed throughout the wards. In the 
 basement a large coil of pipe, heated by steam, has 
 been placed at the lowest part of the main ventilating 
 chimney, to insure the more efiectual rarefaction of 
 the air. Two ncAV bath-rooms have Ijeen placed in 
 the female department, and all closets, clothes rooms, 
 2
 
 18 
 
 chambers, kitchens, wards, and halls, after behig 
 cari'fiilly cleaned, have received several coats of 
 paint; all bath-rooms arranged Avith larger drainage 
 and increased sup})ly of water, and the floors laid of 
 slate. Stationary wash-tnbs have been added in the 
 basement. Xew iron bedsteads of improved con- 
 strnction have been introduced. The same improve- 
 ments, with new slate flooring, have been made in the 
 middle building. Refrigerators have been placed in 
 the ward dining-rooms. In the receiving ward, a 
 new bath-tub, washstand, and clothing closet have 
 been supplied. Slate tables have been placed in the 
 dead-house, which has also been partially repainted." 
 
 "'The out-patient rooms, Avith the Xorth House, 
 their roofs, and water-supply, have connections for 
 drainaa'e Avith the sewers. The kitchens have also 
 been renewed, sinks, and hot and cold water intro- 
 duced. The lodge has been painted, and an iron 
 guard rail been placed to separate the out-patient 
 rooms and their visitors from the interior grounds of 
 the Hospital." 
 
 The Board now, too, determined that the time had 
 come Avhen the ventilation of the Hospital for the sick 
 and wounded must be brought to the same perfection 
 as that which had long been attained to in the Insane 
 Department. In 1875, the ventilation continued just 
 as it had been arranged in 1851-2, when these build- 
 ino-s Avere remodelled and renovated. Xo changes 
 nor improAxments had been made. There had been, 
 of late years, a good many cases of pyaemia in the 
 surgical Avards. Some of the principal capital sur-
 
 19 
 
 gical operations had proved fjital; and especially was 
 this true of ovariotomy, and both Managers and staif 
 had become seriously uneasy about the ventilation. 
 Some imperfect attempts had been made to improve 
 the arrangements as they stood, but they were of no 
 real value ; and now the Managers " sought the advice 
 of experienced constructors of buildings, where forced 
 ventilation by fans and flues for heated air has proved 
 successful." Indeed, the experience of the Insane 
 Department, as it is ably detailed by the superintend- 
 ent, was alone enough to convince the Managers, and 
 did largely convince them, that the only thoroughly 
 efficient remedy was to be found in the use of the 
 system of propulsion, by means of a fan. 
 
 The use of a fan was finally determined upon, and, 
 in the present year, 1876, the plan has been carried 
 into effect under the supervision of John Sunderland, 
 the former supervisor of the erection of the heating- 
 apparatus for the Department for the Insane. 
 
 A fan 8 feet in diameter, and 30 inches wide, is 
 placed at the orifice of a large fresh-air duct, which 
 leads to the chamber containing the steam coils for 
 heating, and thence by large smooth flues to all parts 
 of the house. This fan is calculated to supply 30,000 
 cubic feet of air per minute. Two of my sons calcu- 
 lated the capacity of the large air-duct, and deter- 
 mined the velocity of the current of air ])assinf>- 
 through it by means of an anemometer. Unfoi'- 
 tunately, they did not know that two side ducts had 
 been given off from the main duct, in advance of the 
 point at which they made their ol)sei"vations. But it
 
 20 
 
 is ol' interest to know that, even at this point, the 
 supply of air amounted to 715,800 cubic feet per hour. 
 This, assuming that the popuhition of the house is 
 ahout two hundred, would give to each person 3575 
 cubic feet per hour. Dr. Parkes, in his able Avork on 
 Hygiene, states that for healthy men 3000 cubic feet 
 per hour should be supplied, and for sick men 4000 feet. 
 By the imperfect observation above made, we learn 
 that each patient in the Hospital will receive within 
 425 cubic feet of the amount of air deemed necessary 
 by one of the highest authorities on this question, 
 and, when we recollect that two ducts had already 
 taken oif a considerable amount of the air furnished 
 by the fan, there can be no doubt that the supply of 
 air to the wards will be quite equal to the standard 
 usually deemed necessary. 
 
 After this sketch of the general history of the City 
 Hospital, in regard to its financial concerns, and the 
 improvements in its buildings, I proceed to notice va- 
 rious other points of interest in its gradual develop- 
 ment. I shall refer particularly to its course as a 
 centre of clinical teaching — to the erection and open- 
 ing of a new and fine lecture and operating room ; to 
 the reception of women as medical students ; to the 
 Pathological Museum ; to the opening of the Dispen- 
 sary, or out-door Department, of a Recent Accident 
 Ward, and to the proposition for the endowment of 
 free beds. 
 
 And first, as to what the Hospital has been doing 
 in aid of medical education during the last twenty-five 
 years. During the early years of this period, the
 
 21 
 
 system of clinical instruction continued to be on the 
 same plan as during the latter part of its first century. 
 Lectures were given twice a Aveek by the physicians 
 and surgeons, as a part of their recognized duties. 
 For the privilege of attending these lectures the fee 
 was ten dollars a year, and the amount received 
 was still applied to the care and increase of the 
 medical library. The classes were large, and the 
 valuable lessons thus imparted, at a merely nominal 
 cost, were open to all men who had matriculated 
 in a respectable medical institution. After a time, 
 it was found that the old lecture room, in the third 
 story of the centre building, had become too small 
 to accommodate the classes with any reasonable 
 comfort, either to listener or teacher. Moreover, the 
 example of the Blockley Hospital, which had provided 
 a large and commodious amphitheatre for clinical 
 teaching, and that of other cities, and still more de- 
 cidedly the spread of the conviction, from the medical 
 to the lay mind, that the medical art could not be 
 properly taught without extensive clinical opportuni- 
 ties, induced some movement in this Hospital towards 
 better accommodations for the students. 
 
 This matter is first distinctly referred to in the 
 Annual Report for 1860, where the Managers express 
 the opinion that, at no distant day, the lecture and 
 operating room must be enlarged. In 18G1, a sum of 
 five hundred dollars was given to one of the Mana- 
 gers to be used for the relief of sufierers by the war, 
 should such apply at the Hospital, and, if not tluis 
 used, the money was to go towards the commencement
 
 O.) 
 
 ol" a rund for the enlargemuiit of the lecture room. In 
 18G.'>, the Managers again say that : "As Philadel- 
 ])hia lias hitherto stood pre-eminent for her medical 
 schools, it has been the desire of the successive 
 Boards of Managers of the Hos])ital to co-operate 
 with their distinguished professors in affording every 
 facility for instruction to the students of medicine 
 and surgery resorting to this city for their education. 
 The extensive and valuable medical library belong- 
 ing to the Institution is freely accessible to them ; 
 but there is a want experienced in the limited accom- 
 modations of the lecture and operating room. The 
 present Board trust that, upon the return of peace 
 and of general prosperity, it may be in the power of 
 the Institution to provide more ample conveniences 
 for the increased number of students, who wdll un- 
 doubtedly avail themselves of the extraordinary 
 advantages our city affords for their improvement in 
 the profession they have chosen as their pursuit in 
 Ufe." 
 
 In 18G7, it is again referred to, but, though the 
 cost would be but about $20,000, the Board did not 
 feel warranted in applying the funds to this purpose, 
 '* so long as the income from the capital is insuflS^cient 
 to meet the annual cost of su23port of the patients." 
 
 In 1868, it is stated that a sum of $6990 has been 
 contributed towards this object, and, so convinced 
 are they of its necessity, that the Managers make 
 an " earnest appeal to the contributors to take such 
 action at this meeting, as will enable the Board to 
 j^roceed at once to the consummation of the purpose 
 which they have long had in view."
 
 23 
 
 Accordingly, authority was given by the contribu- 
 tors for the erection of a new room for clinical and 
 operating purposes. 
 
 The site chosen is to the north of the centre build- 
 ing, far enough from this to receive a good light from 
 all points. The building is of brick, octagonal in 
 shape, and has eight double windows in the eastern _ 
 and western walls, and a large sk} light looking to the 
 north. It is connected with the centre building of the 
 Hospital by a corridor, opening into what was pre- 
 viously the main entrance door at the north, and its 
 main floor is on a level with that of the centre. The 
 seats are arranged as in an amphitheatre, rising from 
 the floor of the area where the lecturer stands towards 
 the walls, and they Avill accommodate about 500 
 students. On either side of the south end of the 
 building are two small rooms in which the patients 
 can be placed until it is time to take them into the 
 chnic. There is quite a large, well-lighted basement 
 room beneath the northern half of the lecture room, 
 which is devoted to the Pathological Museum of the 
 Hospital, now becoming an important and useful 
 element in the clinical work of the Institution. 
 
 This room cost $27,072.10, of which sum 
 $12,742.80 had been raised by specific subscriptions 
 for this purpose. 
 
 The Managers, therefoi'c, were obliged to take the 
 deficiency, |14,329.2(3, from the capital stock. It 
 was formally opened on the ninth of January, 18G9, 
 on which occasion I hud the honor of making an 
 address to the Managers, the medical and surgical
 
 24 
 
 stall", ami lo the students, to mark the occasion. 
 I chose for my subject the histoiy of clinical teaching, 
 as connected with the Pennsylvania Hospital, and 
 the vahie of such teaching to the public in general, 
 and to the medical student in particular. I will 
 venture to quote an extract from that discourse : 
 " I believe," I then said, " and I do not hesitate to 
 ex^M-ess my belief, that, in connection with the pro- 
 per treatment of the sick in a hospital, one of the 
 most beneficent uses of such an institution, is the aid 
 which it can and ought to give in propagating a wise 
 system of medical education. By such a manage- 
 ment, two grand results are accomplished. All is 
 done by the Institution that the best and purest 
 charity can efiect for the individual sick wdthin its 
 walls, whilst by fitting young men for the difficult 
 and important office of the ^^hysician, it radiates from 
 its own narrow^ centre, to the vast mass of suffering 
 humanity beyond its w\alls, a know^ledge and expe- 
 rience of the best methods of treating wounds and 
 diseases, which is of incalculable value to the public. 
 I know well that there are some benevolent and 
 tender spirits, to Avhom the idea of making any- 
 thing like a use of the sick as a means of teaching 
 medicine, savors of something harsh and revolting. 
 But to such as have this very natural and proper 
 fear, I will say that no w^ell-trained and conscientious 
 medical officer ever forgets that his first duty is to 
 the individual sick man intrusted to his charge, and 
 that he is bound in honor and charity to allow no 
 ulterior object to work detriment to him. In all
 
 hospitals, there are many cases which can, without 
 danger of injury, be brought before a medical class. 
 Most of the patients, when the matter is properly and 
 kindly re^Dresented to them, make no objection to such 
 a procedure. Some rather enjoy it, and gladly lend 
 their mite to the common good. Moreover, it seems 
 but right that those who are fed and housed, and fur- 
 nished with all the means and advice necessary to 
 their medical treatment by the i3ublic, should make 
 this moderate return of assisting, for the public, in 
 the necessary education of competent medical men. 
 Let it not be forgotten, too, that this demonstration 
 is never made to a promiscuous, or rude, or gaping 
 public audience, who might assist at such a spectacle 
 from mere vulgar curiosity. It is made only to those 
 who belong to the same vocation or- guild as that to 
 which belong the surgeons and physicians of the 
 house, and but for whom this Hospital could not 
 exist, and who, themselves, but for like opportunities 
 in the past, could not have had that exact knowledge 
 and experience whereby these very patients now 
 profit." 
 
 In connection with this matter it ought to be stated 
 that this Hospital has always been in favor of a pro- 
 per use of its wards for the purposes of medical 
 instruction. It has, from its earliest days, contrilmted 
 regular clinical lectures by its staff, and it has been 
 frequented by large numbers of students. Indeed, 
 for a long course of years, it was the only Hospital 
 in the city, and the only public ground on which the 
 medical student and the sick man could l)e i)roperly 
 brought together.
 
 20 
 
 For some years j^ast, however, a ehano-e has been 
 takiiiL;- ])laee as to the eliiiieal oi)i)oi'tuiiities hi the 
 city. Other hospitals have been erected which are 
 destined in the future, it seems probable, to diminish 
 the classes of the Pennsylvania Hospital. The 
 Blockley Hospital has, for a number of years, had 
 large classes; and now, that of the two great medical 
 schools, one, the University of Pennsylvania, has 
 alread}^ a fine hospital attached to its own foundation, 
 and the other, the Jeiferson Medical College, is build- 
 ing one for its o^\m purposes, it is to be expected that 
 our classes must lessen in size. In fact, the number 
 of students in attendance during the session of the 
 schools, has fallen off considerably within the last 
 three years. 
 
 Xor do I know" that this is to be regretted. It 
 should seem that several classes of moderate size, in 
 which the members of the class can be seated nearer 
 to the patient and the lecturer, must afford better 
 opportunities to the students, than wdiere huge classes 
 are crowded together to observe those delicate phe- 
 nomena of disease, by the study of which alone can 
 the medical art be properly acquired. 
 
 I come now to a new feature in the history of the 
 Hospital. I refer to the introduction of female 
 medical students to the clinical instruction of the 
 institution. 
 
 In the autumn of 1869, the Dean of the Faculty 
 of the Female Medical College applied to the Board 
 of Managers for the admission of their students to 
 the regular clinical courses. The Managers gave
 
 27 
 
 their permission on the ground that, b}" the rules of 
 the Hospital then- in use, all students of institutions 
 recognized by the State laws, were to be received to 
 the common benefits of the Hospital clinical instruc- 
 tion. 
 
 The women came to one of the lectures very soon 
 after this, taking their seats in the amphitheatre in 
 the midst of the regular men's class. There was a 
 scene of considerable disorder both during and after 
 the lecture. 
 
 The event caused a good deal of agitation in the 
 medical schools of the cit}^, and amongst the medical 
 students, which extended in a slight degree to the 
 general public. It raised the great questions of 
 women's rights, and of the common education of the 
 sexes. And it showed, too, most clearly, that women 
 were willing, in order to obtain their end, a general 
 medical education and a status in the profession 
 similar to that of men, to listen in mixed classes to 
 descriptions of all diseases, whether medical or sur- 
 gical, and to observe any class of cases, Avhich might 
 be necessary in the course of their medical education. 
 It was a curious and an impressive lesson, to show 
 how long-established social habits and opinions may 
 be changed by the hard weight of necessity. 
 
 It was thought by many that the objection made 
 by the medical students, and by the medical teachers 
 of the old schools of the city, arose wholly from a 
 jealous dislike to the increased competition that might 
 occur in the profession, should women come to par- 
 ticipate fully in the exercise of the medical art. I
 
 28 
 
 tliink not. I believe the difficulty lies deeper than 
 this. It is a psychological one, and, strange to say, 
 it appears to exist more decidedly in the male than 
 in the female sex. 
 
 In the following clinical session, 1870-71, the whole 
 nnmber of students in attendance was 206, and of 
 these, 32 -were ^vomen ; whilst in the previous year, 
 the number had been 500, of which number 42 were 
 women. 
 
 The matter was arranged at the meeting of the 
 contributors, in May, 1871, on the plan of having 
 separate clinics for the two sexes, and, accordingly, 
 the staif agreed to give, in addition to their regular 
 semi-w^eekly lectures to the male students, one lec- 
 ture a w^eek to the women students. This plan has 
 been followed since. 
 
 I have referred to the diminution in the number 
 of students in the session of 1870-71. The staff 
 and managers were both disturbed at finding the 
 classes falling off so rapidly from the Institution 
 Avhich had long been at the head of clinical teaching 
 in the city. By advice of the staff, the managers 
 determined to make the lectures free "to all students 
 of incorporated institutions recommended by the 
 lecturers," whilst the women students w^ere to be 
 taught, as before mentioned, in a separate class. The 
 consequence of this step was, that the classes in- 
 creased at the next session to the number of 580, the 
 men counting 520, and the women 60. 
 
 As to whether the entire withdrawal of the fee 
 for teaching w^as wdse or not, time will show. I can
 
 29 
 
 scarcely forbear, myself, to think that a small fee, 
 five or ten dollars, to be devoted to the maintenance 
 and growth of the medical library, the nse of the 
 library being allowed to the students for a small sum 
 held on deposit, to be returned at the end of the ses- 
 sion, may yet prove to be the true policy of the 
 Hospital. By this means, a noble medical library 
 might be gathered together, and made useful to the 
 ambitious student. And I am not sure but that the 
 student would value all the more the opportunities 
 given him, and make better use of them, were he to 
 pay a small fee for the privilege. 
 
 About the year 1870, it was thought that many of 
 the slighter surgical cases, which had been hitherto 
 kept in the Hospital at a great expense, might be 
 treated as well on the dispensary plan, the patient 
 coming as often as necessary to the Hospital for the 
 proper dressing. Arrangements were made with 
 the staff to try this plan, and the resident physicians 
 on duty in the surgical wards were instructed to 
 dress such cases properly, make any necessary jjre- 
 scription, and direct the patient to return to the 
 house at the time proper to have the treatment 
 carried on. This plan was not yet extended to 
 medical cases. In 1870, about 39 patients were 
 treated in this way per month. 
 
 In 1871, the number of out-door patients, medical 
 and surgical, had risen to 594 In 1872, the number 
 reached 663. In the Keport for 1873, it appears that 
 this system of out-door relief had become much more 
 important. It is not a true dispensary system, as
 
 80 
 
 llu' Hospital does not furnish medicines to the sick, 
 l)ul limits its work to supplying the proper surgical 
 dressings to surgical cases, and medical advice and 
 prescriptions to the medical cases. Another part of 
 the "\Vork, and one that can be made very advan- 
 tageous to both the sick and the Hospital, is the 
 selection, for admission to the house, of such cases as 
 are specially in need of Hospital aid. Cases thus 
 selected are finally received, or not, as the physician 
 and surgeon on duty may determine. 
 
 During the year ending April, 1873, in consequence 
 of the rapid growth of this plan of out-door relief, 
 the work had fallen rather heavily on the resident 
 physicians, so much so as to interfere with their 
 regular in-door duties, and the Managers, therefore, 
 determined to organize a separate staif for the new 
 department. They accordingly elected seven ph^^si- 
 cians, four of whom were surgeons, to take charge of 
 this department. One physician and one surgeon 
 was to be on duty each day, except Sunday, at a 
 certain hour, to prescribe for all Avho might apply. 
 Two rooms, those to the north of the gate- way in 
 Eighth Sti'eet, ^\ere assigned to this purpose. During 
 the year, the number of applicants had risen to 1555, 
 of which 1230 Avere surgical, and 325 medical. 
 
 This department of the city Hospital now grew 
 rapidly, showing clearly the need there was in the 
 city for increased accommodation for the sick poor. 
 
 In the Keport for 1875, the number of medical 
 cases applying was G19, requiring from the patients 
 1201 visits ; that of surgical cases was 1851, requir-
 
 31 
 
 ing 9750 visits. In all 10,954 visits. The original 
 object of this department was the relief it Avonld 
 afford the Hospital from the maintenance within its 
 wards, at a great expense, of slight or non-dangerons 
 snrgical cases, and of mild and chronic medical cases. 
 This class of cases conld very well be maintained at 
 home, whilst receiving at the Hospital, as often as 
 might be necessary, the proper advice or dressing for 
 the particnlar case. Bnt the department was grow- 
 ing rapidly ; cases of eye and ear disease, of ernptive 
 disease, as well as those already referred to, were 
 gradnally increasing, and the accommodations had 
 become quite inadequate as to space, and most im- 
 perfect as to arrangement, though the Managers had, 
 in 1874, built at a cost of under $1000, a new one- 
 story room attached to the building already in use. 
 
 The Report for 187(3 showed that the whole number 
 of new patients prescribed for had risen to 2975, and 
 the whole number of visits to the Hospital, medical 
 and surgical, to 13,112. At the meeting of the con- 
 tributors held in May, 187(3, a resolntion was passed 
 "that the incoming Board be requested to take such 
 measures as they may deem expedient for immediately 
 carrying out the proposed plan for enlarging the 
 accommodations for the treatment of out-door [)a- 
 tients." Under this resolution the Board has had 
 plans drawn, not yet formally adopted, which con- 
 template the erection (jf a new building, to take the 
 place of the present northeastern house (the north 
 house, as it has been called by the Hospital family). 
 The new building is to l)e partly on the site of the
 
 32 
 
 (^kl ono ; it is to bo made large and roomy, and is 
 ex})eeted to contain ail the modern improvements 
 necessary for convenience and healthfulness. 
 
 The Managers make an earnest appeal to the con- 
 tributors and to the public for funds to carry out this 
 important object. 
 
 Besides the out-door department, the Hospital' has 
 arranged a new ward, which has added much to the 
 comfort of the patients. This is the recent-accident 
 ward, which w^as begun in 1873. A large room on 
 the ground-floor of the north house, close to the main 
 entrance, was chosen for this purpose. Formerly, 
 such cases were taken at all hours of the day or night 
 into the large wards of the house. It requires but 
 little imagination to conceive what must be the con- 
 fusion in one of these wards, when some severe rail- 
 road accident or gunshot wound is suddenly intro- 
 duced into it, especially in the hours of the night. 
 Let any reader of this history, who has. never had a 
 thought of what might be the character of hospital 
 scenes, imagine a dangerous surgical injury — the 
 laceration of a limb, or fracture with the bones driven 
 through the soft parts — bleeding, the waiting and 
 affrighted friends, in whom, probabl}-, pity, as Dr. 
 John Brown says, still remains in large measure a 
 mere emotion, prompting to gesticulations and tears, 
 not having been reasoned and practised into a 
 motive, as it has been in the surgeon and physician. 
 Let him suppose the patient to be one of those un- 
 happy victims to strong drink, who has met his 
 accident in the midst of indulgence; let him imagine
 
 33 
 
 the confusion, the noise, the oaths perhaps ; let him 
 see, as T have seen, the injured man, waving a broken 
 arm in his drunkenness, or in a fit of mania-a-potu, 
 about his head, making the point of fracture a new 
 centre of motion. It was to avoid such scenes as 
 these that the recent-accident ward was arransred, 
 and the Managers are even now, as was explained 
 above in my history of the out-door department, 
 appl^dng to the public for funds to erect a new 
 building near the entrance, one of the features of 
 which is to afford proper accommodation for such cases. 
 The Pathological Museum deserves notice, as it is 
 of considerable importance in the system of clinical 
 teaching. In the Report for 1861, I first find the 
 ofiice of pathologist and curator mentioned. The 
 Museum was located at that time in the buildinsf on 
 Spruce Street, now occupied by the Historical 
 Society. In 1869, when the new lecture-room was 
 opened for use, the Museum was transferred, as 
 already mentioned, to the basement-room of that 
 building, where it remains to the present day. Under 
 the care of several gentlemen, this Museum has be- 
 come really valuable. It contains 747 specimens of 
 difterent morbid preparations, from cases occurring 
 in the house, and may be made of great use in illus- 
 trating the medical teaching of the Hospital. In 
 1875, a course of lectures on Pathological Anatomy, 
 the only one in the city, was given by llic p.illiologist 
 and curator of the Hospital. This course was illus- 
 trated by specimens in the jNIuscum, 
 
 In 1869, the Managers, anxious to lend all possible 
 3
 
 34 
 
 aid to the nuHlicMl MixiV in tlu'ir i^ystcm of clinical 
 insiriu'tion, appointed a new medical officer, under 
 I he title ol' microscopist, whose duty it is to examine 
 any specimen of morbid anatomy, or diseased excre- 
 tions of the sick, sent to him by the members of the 
 staff on duty. The arrangement has proved wise 
 and useful, particularly for the aid it gives in the 
 diagnosis of disease. 
 
 The medical library, after growing rapidly for 
 many years, by the use of the income derived from 
 the small fee charged the students (which had been 
 voluntarily tendered for this purpose by the medical 
 staff), has been but little increased in size, since the 
 lectures were made free in 1871-72. What may be 
 the future condition of this valuable collection of 
 books, we cannot now see. As our cities grow 
 larger, and their schools, colleges, and universities 
 increase in number and extent, the opportunities for 
 study grow apace. For many years, the Hospital 
 library was much the largest and best in the city. 
 Within a fcAV years, however, the demands made 
 upon it have not been so frequent nor so urgent, 
 lor the reason that the library of the College of 
 Physicians has come into much greater prominence, 
 under the fostering care of that useful body. 
 
 In 1870, the Managers inaugurated for the depart- 
 ment of the sick and wounded a plan which had 
 already been introduced into the Insane Department. 
 This was the institution of a system of free beds for 
 the poor. Any one, by a gift to the Hospital of the 
 sum of five thousand dollars, secured a bed in the
 
 35 
 
 Hospital alwaj's to be occupied by a poor patient. 
 The average time of sta}'^ of patients in the house is 
 about thirty days, so that each free bed will support 
 annuall}^, and send forth to life and work again, or 
 tend and comfort during their last days, some tw^elve 
 poor patients, who might otherwise have to endure 
 their ilhiess, or end their lives, amidst the keen stings 
 and neglect of poverty and misery. Little do many 
 of the rich know of the wants of the jDoor. How 
 often have I m^^self, when on duty at the Hospital, 
 been forced to turn away from the Hospital gate, 
 some forlorn and destitute sick man, or woman, or 
 half-grown youth, who sometimes has added uuAvil- 
 ling tears to the appeal already made by his sickness 
 and poverty. Frequently every free bed iu the 
 medical w^ards is full. Xot infrequently, we have 
 several over the ])roper number. The Hospital has, 
 for many years, spent more than its income in the 
 support of this department — wdiat can we — the Mana- 
 gers and the staft' — do, but what we have been doing 
 for so many years, cry, give, give. Let me say again 
 that these free beds are noble charities. For five 
 thousand dollars to secure the support, and medical 
 or surgical treatment of twelve poor sick annually 
 forever ! What better use could he who has it to 
 give, make of such a sum? For a century and a 
 quarter has this Hos])ital been in busy 0])eration. It 
 has grown great from feeble beginnings, and has 
 never Ijeen suspected of the impioper use of nu)nev 
 given to it by the charitable. 
 
 There are now two free beds attached to this de-
 
 36 
 
 pai'tmont, one tho AViHi:nn A. Bhinchard free bed, 
 the money for which was given l)y Maria E. Blan- 
 ehard, to perpctnate the memory of her husband. 
 The other is the Warwick Bamfylde Fi'ceman free 
 bed, endowed by EHza Freeman as a memorial of her 
 son. May ^ye not hope that more of those Avho have 
 had rare opportunities granted them by Providence 
 for the accumulation of money, may be inspired to 
 giv^e or bequeath of their abundance to the "dis- 
 tempered poor," w^ho are to be always with us ? 
 
 After these long but necessary details of the his- 
 tory of the department for the sick and w^ounded, I 
 pass on to that of the department for the insane. 
 
 In the year 1851, when Dr. Wood closed his history 
 of the first century of the Hospital, the new depart- 
 ment for the insane was already in operation in West 
 Philadelphia. The time had arrived, when it w^as 
 absolutely necessary, in order to carry out the charter 
 of the institution, to provide new and better accom- 
 modations for the insane patients, ^o longer, iinder 
 the grovving light of modern science, could they be 
 cooped up in the narrow quarters of the town Hos- 
 pital. It is now well understood by the medical 
 body, and by many of the public, that disease of the 
 mind is not to be cured by mere drugs, nor by that 
 species of solitary confinement to w^hich the insane 
 had hitherto been relegated. Removal from the 
 turmoil of common life, a sense of kind but positive 
 control, agreeable sights and sounds, cheerful com- 
 pany, society, wholesome amusement and occupation, 
 had been found to be the true medicines for insanity ;
 
 37 
 
 and they must be obtained for its insane department, 
 if the Pennsylvania Hospital was to continue one of 
 the great charitable institutions of the land. 
 
 The purchase by the Managers of the beautiful and 
 valuable property, on Avhich the insane department is 
 located, had been effected in 1836 under the authority 
 of the contributors, and in 1851, when my history of 
 the institution begins, one of the chief buildings, the 
 department for females, had been finished and occu- 
 pied for just ten years. This property lies, I may say 
 in a few words, about two miles to the west of the 
 Schuylkill River, and, though it was when purchased, 
 an ordinary farm quite out of the town, it is now over- 
 lapped by the rapidly growing city at several points, 
 and has graded and paved streets, busy with travel 
 and traffic, passing by its wall. It contains 113 
 acres, and is becoming constantly a more valuable 
 property, as time moves on. "The Association of 
 Medical Superintendents of American Institutes for 
 the Insane," at their meeting iu Philadelphia, 1851, 
 adopted a number of propositions, and ordered them 
 printed in the medical journals of the continent, as 
 the sentiments of the Association. The first ])ropo- 
 'sition asserts that "every hospital for the insane 
 should be in the country, not within less than two 
 miles of a large town, and easily accessil)le at all 
 seasons." The second proposition asserts that "no 
 hospital for the insane, however limited its capacity, 
 should have less than fifty acres of land, devoted to 
 gardens and pleasure-grounds for its ])atients. At 
 least one hundred acres should be possessed by cverv
 
 38 
 
 Stnte li(>sj)ital, or otluT institution for two liundrcd 
 patients, to which niunber these propositions appl}^, 
 unless otherwise mentioned." 
 
 These propositions relleet the opinions of a body 
 of men of the highest authority in the matter to 
 which they speak, and they point to Avhat must 
 happen in the future to the Penns3dvania Hospital 
 for the Insane. When the time arrives, at which this 
 department shall be compelled by the pressure of the 
 growing' city to leave its 23resent location, there can 
 be little doubt that the land will have become so 
 valuable as readily to pay the expenses of removal, 
 erection of new buildings, and, at the same time, in- 
 crease the capital fund of the Hospital. 
 
 In 1851, ten years after its o^^ening, the Hospital 
 Avas inconveniently ci'owded, though the Report states 
 that "the general good health which then prevailed, 
 enabled us to receive all the cases that w^ere brought 
 to the Hospital, although much difficulty w^as often 
 experienced in accommodating them." In 1852, 
 "•notwithstanding the extensive provision for the 
 insane made by the State at Harrisburg, and which 
 has been available during the year just closed, this 
 institution has been about full during the whole 
 period, and for much of the time inconveniently 
 crowded, particularly in the ward appropriated to 
 men." In the Report for 1853, it appears again that 
 "durino: the entire year, the institution has been 
 rather more than comfortably filled, the average num- 
 ber for the wdiole period, as showm above, being 229, 
 while 220 is regarded as the capacity of the building.
 
 39 
 
 Anxious to receive all who desired admission, we 
 have at no previous time refused any suitable appli- 
 cant; but during a part of the year just closed, we 
 were for a time compelled, although with great 
 reluctance, to decline receiving patients, except under 
 the most urgent circumstances." 
 
 In the Report for 1853, it is stated that " Pennsyl- 
 vania has within its limits, at this da}^ not less than 
 2500 insane, and hospital accommodations for only 
 930." 
 
 After travelling carefully over the whole ground, 
 the physician-in-chief, Dr. Kirkbride, distinctly 
 recommends an extension by the Pennsylvania Hos- 
 13ital of its accommodations for the insane. lie 
 opposes any material extension of the very large and 
 handsome building on the ground, deeming it unwise 
 to have more than 200, or 250 at the outside, in one 
 building. He thinks "it important for the best 
 interests of the afflicted that the increased accom- 
 modations that are required for the insane should be 
 provided under the auspices of that noble charit3% 
 which, more than a century ago, began the great 
 work in America, and which has ever since conducted 
 its important trust in a manner to command the con- 
 fidence of the whole community." 
 
 An entirely new building for 200 male patients 
 was proposctl — to be placed on the seventy acres of 
 land then comprising the farm of the institution, 
 while the existing building, with everything included 
 within the external wall, should l)c given uj) for the 
 exclusive use of as many females. This tract of land
 
 40 
 
 could 1)1' ivadily inclosed; it had two fine groves of 
 forest ti'ces, and a never-failing spring of good water, 
 and remarkable facilities for draining. Dr. Kirkbride 
 knows of no benefit from the presence of the two 
 sexes in one building, sees several advantages in 
 separate buildings, as greater liberty for all the pa- 
 tients, more privacy, and more extended use of the 
 most valuable means of treatment. He believes that 
 the funds uecessary for the new building can be 
 obtained from the benevolent citizens of Philadelphia. 
 In the Report for 1854, it appeal's that the Hos- 
 pital, during this year, had been always full, and 
 frequently much crowded. All suitable applicants 
 were received, when the state of the house would 
 justify their reception, '* but during a few months of 
 the summer and autumn, our numbers were so large, 
 and the tendency to sickness in the community in 
 general so great, that, in justice to the patients 
 already with us, we felt compelled to decline a large 
 part of those who applied for admission. During 
 this period, as many as fifty individuals laboring 
 under mental diseases, and in every way proper cases 
 for care and treatment in such an institution, and who 
 would have been glad to avail themselves of our 
 accommodations, were compelled to look elsewhere 
 for relief." With this fact in mind, and reflecting, 
 too, that insanity spares no class, no age, no sex, no 
 calling ; that Pennsylvania, with between 2500 and 
 3000 insane within her limits, has accommodation for 
 but 930; that Philadelphia and the adjacent country, 
 Avith certainly more than 1200 insane, has accommo-
 
 41 
 
 dation for only G30; that diseases of the mind, to be 
 treated with every chance of success, must be treated 
 in the earlv stao-es; considerino^ the terrible strain 
 upon a household, to which the care of an insane 
 person falls — the anxiety, suffering, the possible 
 injury to others; Dr. Ivirkbride repeats and urges 
 with great force the recommendation of the previous 
 year, for a further extension of the usefulness of the 
 Hospital. 
 
 He reasons that, if 400, instead of 200, insane are 
 provided for, from eighty to one hundred will annually 
 be restored to reason and usefulness in society, and 
 that many others will be greatly improved, while the 
 Avhole community will be protected from the danger- 
 ous acts of irresponsible men. He states, also, that 
 thirty or forty poor could be maintained on the free 
 list, and between sixty and seventy others, in mode- 
 rate circumstances, be taken care of at a rate of 
 board considerably below the actual cost of their 
 support. 
 
 In 1855, the same overcrowding of the wards con- 
 tinued, and more than fifty applicants were again, 
 literally for want of space, refused. 
 
 In 1853, after Dr. Kirkbride's first recommendation 
 for an extension of the Hospital, to take the form of 
 an entirely new building, with separation of the sexes, 
 the Managers, having approved the plan, submitted 
 it to the contributors, who also approved, and ap- 
 pointed a committee to aid the Board in procuring 
 the necessary subscriptions. 
 
 On May 1, 1854, the Managers issued an " Appeal
 
 42 
 
 to till' citizens of Peiinsylvaiiia for means to provide 
 ailditional accommodations for the insane." This 
 appeal was afterwards, by resohition of the Board, 
 printed as an appendix to tlie fifteenth Annual Re- 
 port of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the insane. 
 
 The appeal recites the facts that this Hospital, 
 which, since its foundation in 1751, had already re- 
 ceived in its wards 58,600 patients, of whom o3,900 
 had been on the free list, was emphatically the fruit 
 of the charity of the people of Philadelphia, and of 
 the State of Pennsylvania, all the work just cited 
 having been effected without assistance from city, 
 county, or the State, Avith the exception of certain 
 small appropriations made by the Provincial Assem- 
 bl}^, and by the State legislature towards the close 
 of the last century, and which latter sum had been 
 expended in the erection of the original building in 
 the city of Philadelphia. The appeal shows that 
 the Hospital authorities have been compelled, for 
 some years past, to listen " to the urgent entreaties 
 almost daily made for accommodations which do not 
 exist;" it recites the fact that insanity, to be success- 
 fully treated, must be treated early, and that, there- 
 fore, cases thus deferred by necessity, grow more and 
 more hopeless ; it argues that insanity is much more 
 successfully treated, as a rule, in hospitals specially 
 adapted to the purpose, than at home ; and reasserts 
 the now Avell-proved fact that "the present institutions 
 are more than full, the demands for admission are 
 steadily increasing, and additional buildings must be 
 promptly provided, or great loss and suffering must
 
 48 
 
 soon result to the community/' It goes on to say 
 that, in order to meet these demands, "a plan has 
 recently been proposed by the phj^sician of the Hos- 
 pital for the insane, after a careful study of the whole 
 subject, which meets the entire approbation of this 
 Board, which they cordially commend to the sympathy 
 of the whole community, and to carr}^ out which 
 thoi'oughly, they now make this earnest appeal to 
 their fellow-citizens."' The appeal states that a sum 
 of $250,000 will be required to carr}^ out the object, 
 and that the payment of no contribution will be asked 
 for, until at least $150,000 shall have been subscribed. 
 They propose, also, to perpetuate the memory of any 
 one who shall subsciibe $10,000, b}^ naming one of the 
 wards, into which the Hospital will be divided, after 
 the donor; and also that the gift of $5000 shall be 
 considered as securing forever one free bed. 
 
 Up to the s luring of 1855, more than $127,000 had 
 been subscribed, and the Managers were determined 
 to begin the work, so soon as the sum of $150,000 
 should be reached. 
 
 In the spring of 1856, the subscriptions had reached 
 the sum of $209,000, of Avhich amount, however, 
 sixteen subscriljcrs of $1000 each conditioned their 
 gift on the basis that the whole sum, $250,000, should 
 be raised before the close of the year 1857. 
 
 The new building was begun on the 7th <-iuly, 
 1856, and was opened for the reception of patients on 
 the 27th of October, 1859. 
 
 "It is situated," says the Keport, "in full view and 
 on the western side of the buildiugs previously in use,
 
 44 
 
 al a (listaiieo in a riglit line of 648 yards, and in the 
 midst oC liliy acres of pleasure-gTOuiids and gardens, 
 the "whole of Avhich are surrounded by a substantial 
 stone-wall covered with flagging, and of an average 
 height of ten and a half feet. The gate of entrance 
 is on Forty-ninth Street (an avenue intended to be 
 100 feet wide), between Market and Ilavei'ford Streets, 
 and by each of which, by means of horse railroads, 
 easy access to Forty-ninth Street can be had at all 
 seasons. 
 
 " This new Hospital faces the Avest, and consists of 
 a centre building, with wings running' north and 
 south, making a front of 512 feet ; of other wings, 
 connected Avith each of those just referred to, running 
 east a distance of 167 feet, all three stories high, and 
 these last having at their extreme ends communications 
 with extensive one-storied buildings. All the exterior 
 walls are of stone, stuccoed, and the interior are of 
 brick. 
 
 " This arrangement gives provision for the accom- 
 modation of sixteen distinct classes of male patients 
 in the new building, as the same number of classes 
 of females are now provided for in that previously in 
 use. Each of these sixteen wards has connected 
 with it, besides the corridors for promenading and 
 the chambers of the patients and attendants, a parlor, 
 a dining-room, a bath-room, a Avater-closet, a urinal, 
 a sink-room, a wash-room, a drying-closet, a store- 
 i-oom for brushes and buckets, a clothes-room, a dumb- 
 waiter, a dust-flue, and a stairway passing out of 
 doors, if desired, without communication with the
 
 45 
 
 other wards; and every room in the bnilding, ahnost 
 without exception, has a flue communicating with the 
 fresh air duct, for warm or cool air, according to the 
 season (and hereafter to be referred to), and with the 
 main ventilatino- trunks which terminate in the various 
 ventiUitors on the roof of the building. 
 
 "The centre building is 115 by 73 feet. It has a 
 handsome doric portico of granite in front, and is 
 surmounted by a dome of good proportions, in which 
 are placed the iron tanks from which the whole build- 
 ing is supplied with water. The lantern on the dome 
 is 119 feet from the pavement, and from it is a 
 beautiful panoramic vicAV of the fertile and highly 
 improved surrounding country, the Delaware and 
 Schuylkill Rivers, and the city of Philadelphia, with 
 its many prominent objects of interest." 
 
 The new building had cost, with its various fixtures 
 and arrangements, up to 1859, $322,512.86, and 
 $30,000 additional were required to meet other lia- 
 bilities that had been incurred. 
 
 It is impossible for me — I have not the space — to 
 describe in detail the various interesting points con- 
 nected with the internal arrangements, the housekeep- 
 ing — so to speak — of the new Hospital. 
 
 Of all the matters connected with the domestic 
 arrangements of a hospital, nothing is more impor- 
 tant than the heating and ventilation. To su[)ply to 
 each person so many cubic feet of fresh air ])er hour, 
 winter and summer, has been long one of the \n-()\)- 
 lems over which medical men, architects, builders, 
 and housekeepers have ])uzzkHl. '^i'he new building
 
 46 
 
 is voiuilated by a Ihn. driven by slcain. The fan is 
 (^f east iron, witli an extreme diameter of 10 feet, 
 and a width of 4 feet. It makes from 30 to '60 
 revdhitions per niinnte, as may be required. The 
 fresh air passing to the fan, is received from a tower, 
 40 feet high, so that all surface exhalations are 
 avoided. The air is then driven through a duct, 8j 
 by lOj feet at the month, into all parts, distant as 
 well as near, of the building. "From this cold-air 
 duct, openings lead into the difterent warm-air 
 chambers, which in the one-storied buildings are 
 covered with slate ; but, in all other parts of the 
 Hospital, these chambers and air-ducts are arched 
 with brick, laid with smooth joints. The warm air, 
 in nearly all cases, is admitted near the floor, aud the 
 ventilators open near the ceiling, always in the inte- 
 rior corridor" walls. The diflerent ventilating flues 
 terminate in the attic in close ducts, either of brick 
 or w ood, smoothly plastered, increasing in size about 
 thirty per cent, more rapidly than the capacity of the 
 flues entering them, by wdiich, through the difterent 
 belvideres on the roof, they communicate with the 
 external atmosphere. In the centre-building, the 
 ventilation is throu"-h the dome. 
 
 Besides the fan, there is another feature in the 
 method of ventilation which I must refer to. The 
 gases from the boiler enter a common flue, which 
 passes on to an underground flue, four feet wide and 
 six feet high, a distance of 557 feet, ascending 31 
 feet in its course, till it comes to the foot of the main 
 chimney, Avhich rises to a height of 78 feet above
 
 47 
 
 the surfiice of the ground. The chimney is six feet 
 in diameter from bottom to top, and it is made the 
 ventilating power for securing a strong downward 
 draft of air throngh all the water closets, nrinals, 
 sinks, and bath-tubs in the entire establishment. It 
 is placed, therefore, in a central position on the eastern 
 side of the building. 
 
 What could be more perfect than this? In the 
 original plans for the building all these points had 
 been provided for. The cellar was dug and propor- 
 tioned, the foundation walls laid, the different stories 
 built, and the floors and walls pierced, as they were 
 under the Avorkmen's hands, by the ducts, passages, 
 and flues necessary for this magnificent system of 
 ventilation. I doubt whether there is in the United 
 States, a public building more admirably adapted for 
 its purposes, than this department for the males ot 
 the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane. 
 
 The building is heated entirely by steam. No fire 
 is used in any part of it for heating purposes, though 
 open fireplaces have been introduced into all the 
 parlors and many of the large rooms, in case they 
 should be needed. The only fii-es inside its walls are 
 those in the kitchen, bake-, and ironing-rooms. The 
 boilers for the generation of steam arc in the engine- 
 room, which is placed 71 feet beyond the nearest point 
 of the Hospital building, thus avoiding all danger of 
 fire to the main building, much of the danger of ex- 
 plosion, which, tliough so improbable, must be con- 
 sidered, and all noise, dust, and other small inconve- 
 niences. The steam is carried IVoiii tlic boilers by a
 
 48 
 
 rive-iiuli wokled iron pi])C to the cellar of the Hospital 
 l)uilding, and is there distribnted into eighty-three 
 air-chambers, from Avhich direct Hues lead into the 
 apartments above. 
 
 I might, had I time, say a great deal more upon 
 many interesting points — about the water-supply, 
 obtained from large springs within the grounds, and, 
 of late, by a direct communication with the city 
 water works ; of the powerful steam-pumps, capable 
 of raising 10,000 gallons per hour, and of the water- 
 tanks in the dome, which hold 21,000 gallons. I 
 might describe the carpenter shop, the carriage 
 house and stables, the patients' rooms, the window 
 and corridor-guards, the stairways, most of which 
 are fire-proof, the sewerage, which is admirable, the 
 bath-rooms and water-closets, of which there are 
 twent3''-one in the building, beside those in the 
 patients' rooms, the lighting, furniture, cooking and 
 distribution of food, the provision against fire, the 
 laundry arrangements, the pleasure-gardens, and a 
 number of other things, but must refer the reader 
 who Avishes to have a clear understanding of the 
 great amount of thought and intelligence, necessary 
 to take care of a family of 250 insane persons, to 
 the reports of the physician-in-chief, and especially 
 to the Report for the year 1859. Let any one study 
 these reports, and then reflect upon the extent, variet}^, 
 and minuteness of the provision made, and I am sure 
 he will not cavil about the expensiveness of a great 
 hospital, but will see for himself that expense is 
 unavoidable.
 
 49 
 
 Occasionally, an outcry has been raised against what 
 the objectors have been pleased to call "palaces for the 
 insane." What would these critics have ? A build- 
 ing to contain from 200 to 250 patients, with officers, 
 attendants, cooks, bakers; with offices, sitting-rooms, 
 bed-rooms, bath-rooms, water-closets, ironing-rooms, 
 and kitchens ; can such a building be other than large 
 and imposing? Is it a palace, simply because it is 
 vast? This element of size cannot be avoided, and 
 the question reduces itself to the simple alternative. 
 Shall the so-called palace be imposing by the huge- 
 ness of its deformity, or by fitness for its purposes, and 
 by the beauty of its outlines ? 
 
 But such cavils against insane hospitals come only 
 from the thoughtless. I have always felt, and shall 
 always feel, grateful to the Managers of this Hospital, 
 for the fine taste they have shown in the style and 
 architecture of these buildings. Amongst the pious 
 uses of money is the embellishment of cities. Mr. 
 Binney, in his famous argument for this city in the 
 Girard will case, shows that property was left ^^ ad 
 pias causas,^^ or " charitable uses," in the earliest 
 periods of English history. At page 78 of the printed 
 argument he says that " charitable uses were settled 
 at common law long before the earliest of these dates 
 (1807, 1334, 1377), and, doubtless, from the first dawn 
 of Christianity." He adds : " Any person who was an 
 object of compassion, an orphan, widow, or pauper, 
 destitute of support from himself, those rendered 
 infirm by disease or age, being also poor — the w;i tell- 
 ing of a city, the repairing of bridges, walls, and 
 4
 
 50 
 
 (litclu's o[' i\ t'itv or castle; tlie ornaments and fabrics 
 of churches ; lights, anniversaries, and incidents relat- 
 ini;- to divine worship; these were all inclnded under 
 jJi'ce causcB.'" In the opening of his argument before 
 the Supreme Court, he makes use of this idea of the 
 embellishment of our city, as one of the chief grounds 
 on -which he claims the judgment and sympathy of 
 the court, for he declares that the complainants 
 ao'ainst the citv "now claim the decree of this Court 
 to defeat the great purpose of his (Girard's) life," 
 
 "to frustrate the two nearest and dearest wishes 
 
 of his heart, and the t\vo noblest objects upon earth 
 that, Uving or dying, can fill the heart of any man, the 
 instruction and succor of the fatherless poor, and the 
 security, comfort, and embellishment of a great city." 
 Observe how Mr. Binney puts the case before the 
 o-rand and august body he is addressing — the two 
 noblest objects a man can have, charit}^ to the poor 
 and needy, and the securit}^, comfort, and embellish- 
 ment of a great city. 
 
 We cannot be too thankful that the buildings for 
 the insane were made handsome, striking, and pic- 
 turesque. Some one of these cavillers, or any one of 
 us, may yet have to place in an insane asylum some 
 one near and dear to us. AYho knows what the 
 morrow shall bring forth ? If it were to be so, should 
 we choose a building with the air of a prison, peni- 
 tentiary, or great uncouth and rambling hotel, or a 
 Avell-proportioned, attractive, and imposing house for 
 the poor afflicted one to dwell in? 
 
 'No, for one, I rejoice in these handsome and attrac-
 
 51 
 
 tive buildings for the insane. I think it must be only 
 a weak, pitiful mind, and a cruel soul, that would 
 refuse to these afflicted ones such sweet pleasures of 
 the senses as we may be able to give them. 
 
 The next stej) taken by the Managers was the re- 
 pair and improvement of the original building, which 
 had now become the department for females. It 
 had been in constant use for nineteen years, and had 
 been all the time so full that but few repairs could 
 be undertaken. It was thoroughly repaired. The 
 heating apparatus was overhauled, all the water-hx- 
 tures, bath-rooms, and water-closets were put in 
 complete order, often by an eutire renewal of the 
 fixtures ; one new bath-room and six new water- 
 closets were introduced, and a great deal more was 
 done which I cannot particularize. Two new and 
 fine rooms were arranged, one to be used as a recep- 
 tion ward, and the other as a sewing ward, for the 
 use o*f the patients. The lecture-room was elegantly 
 and newly fitted up by a friend to the Hospital. This 
 work was done in the year 1860, and cost about 
 125,000. 
 
 In 18(56, reference is made to the necessity lor a 
 new ward at the women's department. In 1867, this 
 additional ward was in process of erection. It was 
 intended for "a class of cases of the deepest interest — 
 for persons very sick, and for those laboring under 
 acute affections of the brain, accom[)anied by high 
 excitement, and requiring the utmost care and pri- 
 vacy, and yet, for ol)vi()us reasons, not (•()mf()i-tal)ly 
 situated in any oC the ordinary wai'ds.'' This had
 
 52 
 
 boon ailiniral)ly ])r(n 'uled (or in tlu3 new department, 
 thai tor males, hut not in that lor females. As the 
 wards of the latter l)eeame lull, the necessity for 
 extra accommodations for this class of cases became 
 more and more apparent. About this time, a benevo- 
 lent citizen of Philadelphia, a childless man and 
 unmarried, Joseph Fisher, left by will to the con- 
 tributors of the Pennsylvania Hospital one-half of 
 the residue of his estate "" to be devoted to extending 
 and improving the accommodations for the insane." 
 The total amount received by the Hospital was 
 $57,511.57. He died in 18(32. 
 
 The new building was commenced in 1867, and 
 finished in 1868. It w^as opened for use in December, 
 1868, and was called the "Fisher Ward." Some years 
 later, in 1873, when a second building of the same 
 kind was erected, from the funds of the same estate, 
 the former w^as called the "South Fisher AYard," and 
 the latter the ":N'orth Fisher Ward." 
 
 The South Fisher Ward is placed on the south side 
 of the large yard, belonging to the third south ward, 
 and connects with the eighth Avard, on the south 
 side of the Hospital, by a passage taken from the 
 drying-room. The building is 112 feet long, by 27 1 
 feet wide, and has two stories, each 12 feet in height. 
 It is built of brick, is stuccoed, and has a slate roof. 
 The connection with the eighth w-ard is fire-proof. 
 The Xorth Fisher Ward is on the east side of the JS^orth 
 fifth W'ard, Avith Avhich it is connected by a light and 
 air}" vestibule 11| by 8^ feet, and through w^hich ac- 
 cess may be had to the new ward, Avithout going
 
 53 
 
 throug-h any part of the Hospital. This building is 
 125 by 40 feet, and has two stories, each 12 feet high. 
 It is built of brick, above the foundation-walls, which 
 are of stone. All the brick walls are hollow, an air- 
 space being left between the outer and inner portions. 
 
 The internal arrangements of these wards are per- 
 fect. It is impossible foi* me to describe them in 
 detail ; but let any one who may read this history ex- 
 amine for himself, and he will say that few private 
 houses have such conveniences. The South Fisher 
 Ward has, on the first floor, besides bath-rooms, 
 water-closets, and clothes-closets, nine rooms for pa- 
 tients, each about 10 by 14J feet ; in a few instances, 
 two are thrown too-ether. The rooms are on one side 
 of a corridor, partly 8j, and partly lOJ feet wide, and 
 with two bay-windows projecting more than four feet, 
 in each story. The second story has very nearly the 
 same arrangement. All the patients' rooms have a 
 cheerful southern exposure, with large windows, the 
 upper sashes of Avhich are of iron, immovable, while the 
 lower are of wood, and ma}^ be raised to their full 
 height, having ornamental wrought-iron guards on the 
 outside. The windows all have Venetian shutters. 
 
 The !N^orth Fisher Ward has two stories, with rooms 
 on both sides of a corridor 12 feet wide ; it has large 
 bay-windows at either end, and another in an alcove 
 or parlor 12 feet by 20, on the south side. These bay- 
 windows light the corridors admirably well. Each of 
 the two stories is so arranged that it may be divided, 
 foi- the sake of quiet and privac}', into three sections, 
 by means of sliding doors, which have ground glass
 
 54 
 
 in tlu'ir paiu'ls. The size of tlio jiaticiits' rooms varies 
 rioni !> l)v 11 to L'> l)y 11 leet, and some oi' tlu'in ai"e 
 c-oiinoc'ti'd. Jn eac-h alcove is j^laeed a ])iaiio, and in 
 each bay-window a cottage organ. 
 
 The heating and ventilating arrangements for these 
 two wards are on the same general plan as those of 
 the department for males. Great attention was paid, 
 during the erection of the buildings, to these points. 
 The heating is by steam, and the ventilation by a fan. 
 The air, after being warmed by contact with the steam 
 radiators, passes into flues, all of which, both for heat 
 and ventilation, are in the interior corridor walls, com- 
 pletely filling them. They are made of ver^^ smooth 
 terra cotta, with rounded corners, each 3 by 13 inches, 
 and are placed in the centre of the Avails, The warm 
 air is admitted near the floor into every room, and in 
 numerous places in the corridors. The ventilating 
 flues, corresponding with the heating in number and 
 size, have openings invai iably near the floor, and also 
 near the ceiling, all of which can be controlled by keys 
 provided for the purpose. The air passes through 
 these ventilating flues into the attic, the whole of 
 which in the middle of the building — 12 feet wide — is 
 a foul air-duct, Avith a division through its centre, so 
 as to prevent any interference Avith currents from op- 
 posite sides. The foul air is finally carried off' into 
 chimneys ha\nng an ascending current of heated air. 
 The AA'ater-closets all ha\^e a doAVUAvard draft, connect- 
 ing Avith these chimneys. 
 
 The South Fisher Ward cost $24,850 ; the Xorth 
 Fisher Ward building cost $31,250.01, its heating and
 
 55 
 
 ventilation, water, and gas arrangements $8207.62, 
 and it8 furnitnre $3831.49. 
 
 I have now traced the history of the Insane De- 
 partment from 1851 to 1873, when it stood before the 
 world much as it stands now, an institution with two 
 expensive and very handsome buildings, situated on 
 a fine landed property of 113 acres, on the edge of 
 one of the great cities of America, and close to a park 
 of 2700 acres, which I have heard called by a tra- 
 velled gentleman of great taste and experience "the 
 finest rural di'ive in the world." These tw^o large 
 buildings, with their annexes, afibrd room, each, for 
 250 patients. In 1875, the total number of patients 
 was 681. The highest number at any one time was 
 150, the lowest 106, and the average number during 
 the whole period was 430; 208 males, and 222 females. 
 
 And the wonder of it ! that this fine estate should 
 have been bought, and the noble buildings which 
 adorn it, erected, without state or government aid of 
 any kind. Except that the Provincial Assembly of 
 Pennsylvania voted a small sum in 1751, and that the 
 Assembly gave, at the close of the last century, about 
 seventy thousand dollars for the erection of the city 
 buildings, the Hospital has had no aid from state or 
 city government. It has lived and grown great upon 
 the free gifts of the citizens of Philadelphia and 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 The land was purchased — as has been told l)y Di-. 
 Wood— in 1836, for 30,000 dollars. This money, and 
 the cost of the first building erected — that which is 
 now the department for females — was obtained by the
 
 56 
 
 sale oi^ oj)on lot'^ nrouiul the city liospitnl, Avliicli liad 
 been pui-cliasedbv the Manao-ers inaiiy years before at 
 a vei'v 1(nv price. Soon aftei- the o})enino- of the Insane 
 Department, it became overcrowded, as I have ah'eady 
 told, and it was phiinly necessary either to restrict the 
 admissions, or to increase the accommodations. 
 
 Once again, in 1866, it became necessary to ei'ect 
 some uc^y waids for the Female Department. The 
 accommodations for a certain class of patients were 
 not so good in the department for females as in that 
 for males, as the latter had been planned and built 
 after all the experience gained for ^^ears in the former. 
 It was, therefore, thought necessary to have some ad- 
 ditional and better accommodations for this class of 
 cases. Out of this arose the two beautiful, most 
 complete, and perfect wards for this end that I can 
 imagine — the Fisher wards. 
 
 I have to advert next to some of the interior con- 
 cerns of the Hospital, some of which are of purely 
 medical, and some of general public interest. I refer 
 specially to the provision made for the comfort, hap- 
 piness, and cure of the patients. An insane hospital 
 differs from all others in one important point: few of 
 the patients pass less than several months inside its 
 w^alls, and many are destined to pass years, or even 
 the greater part of a lifetime, within these narrow 
 limits; were nothing done for the occupation and re- 
 creation of these unfortunates, their home would be 
 little better than a jail. But this is not all. Their 
 cure depends largely upon the moral treatment brought 
 to bear upon them.
 
 57 
 
 The reports from year to year demonRtrate that not 
 drugs alone, and a life such as is led in hospitals for 
 the sick, will suffice for the insane. It is plain that, 
 to cure the curable and comfort the incurable, there 
 must be supplied to the patients fresh air, exercise, 
 occupation, and amusement. These things, Avhich 
 the healthy child or man makes for himself as natu- 
 rally as the bird sings, the ant toils, and the kids skip 
 upon the hills, it becomes the duty of the medical 
 authorities of* an insane hospital to supply to its in- 
 mates. From the earliest period of Dr. Kirkbride's 
 connection with the Hospital, he has been toiling in 
 this direction. In the earlier reports, these matters 
 are treated under the head of the Farm and Garden, 
 Workshop and Mechanical Department, Ward Libra- 
 ries, Museum, and Reading Rooms, as in 1852; in 
 the later reports, they are described under the title of 
 " Evening Entertainments, Occupation, and Amuse- 
 ment of the Patients." 
 
 In 1853, it is related that the ninth course of lec^ 
 tures and evening entertainments is now in progress. 
 
 In 18G6, the RejDort says, " the importance of eve- 
 ning entertainments, as now conducted here, can 
 hardly be overestimated. The long experience we 
 have had has only tended to confirm this conviction, 
 and each year we have been able to add something 
 that tended to increase their attractiveness and effi- 
 cacy. For the first time, I am able to report that at 
 the Department for Females, every evening in the 
 week is now provided with some means of breaking 
 up the monotony of the wards, formerly so universal
 
 in instil iilions Cor 1 lie iiisniu'. It is not many years 
 sinci' tlie condition ol' tlic |)atients, in tlu'ii- hadly 
 liu-hlc'd lialls, Avithont any moans of passing the 
 dreary lionrs that came n])on them every day ))e- 
 tweeii their evening meal and hedtime, was certainly 
 one of the saddest sights witnessed in too many of 
 these establishments. In this Hospital, of the seven 
 e\enings of the w^eek, for nine months of the year, 
 one is now devoted to reading of the Bible and sacred 
 music, three to lectures, exhibition of dissolving 
 views with music, or concerts, in the lecture-room, 
 two to light gymnastic exercises with music in the 
 new hall put up expressly for that purpose, and one 
 to tea parties in the resident officers' department, and 
 at which all the officers are generally present. These 
 last are composed of as many patients as the dining- 
 room will accommodate, and the officers' weekly 
 parties have now become one of the regular means of 
 passing our evenings. Care is taken, as far as pos- 
 si])le, to invite those who will be most likely to enjoy 
 each other's society, and it has been found that there 
 was no w^ard that was not able to take its turn in 
 these pleasant reunions. Even of those from the 
 most excited wards, and of the most chronic class of 
 patients, there have been few that w^ere not able to 
 participate, and the enjoyment of those for wdiom 
 this provision was made, has ver}^ rarely, if ever, been 
 diminished by any unpleasant occurrence." 
 
 I have made this long extract, in the words of the 
 Report, that the reader might see for himself how 
 important, as a means of treatment, the recreation
 
 59 
 
 and amusements of tlie patients have become in this 
 Hospital. I will pause for a moment to ask whether 
 these experiences of an intelligent medical observer, 
 of the value of amusements for the solace and cure 
 of the insane, ought not to lead us to a higher appre- 
 ciation of their value for the well. Are not the 
 Germans, as a nation, wiser than we, in the national 
 habit they have foi'med of giving more of their 
 time to entertainment and relaxation? They do 
 no less work than we, of all kinds, mental and mus- 
 cular, and yet appear to suffer less from insanity. 
 
 In the Report for 1858, will be found a list of the 
 subjects treated at no less than 122 of these evening- 
 lectures, and any one, who will take the trouble to 
 glance at the list, will be surprised, I am sure, at its 
 extent and variety, and yet more surprised to know 
 that the hard-workin<>: assistant medical officers of the 
 house, were the authors of much the larger part. 
 Surely, the post of assistant physician in the insane 
 department of this Hospital has been no sinecure. 
 
 A like system of evening entertainments, with 
 slight differences, is carried out in the department for 
 males. 
 
 Besides the resources just mentioned for the whole- 
 some occupation and amusement of the patients in 
 the evenings,, other analogous means are employed as 
 amongst the most valual)le influences in the medical 
 and moral treatment of the disease. 
 
 Fresh air is insisted upon by means of walks once, 
 and, in proper cases, twice, a diiy in the beautiful 
 grounds of the institution, which have l)een so ar-
 
 60 
 
 ran^vd lliat, within the iiiiioty-onc acres that are 
 inelosed, there are nearly four miles of dry walks and 
 drives. The Hospital keeps, moreover, all the car- 
 riag-es it can afford, and donkeys and ponies, and every 
 day that will allow all these means of locomotion are 
 put into use. Let no one sujipose that there is ex- 
 travagance in this. All this apparatus belongs to 
 the methods of cure, and a large part of it consists 
 of free gifts. It is touching to read, year after year, 
 the acknowledgments to kind friends of the Hospital 
 for a horse for the use of the patients ; for the loan 
 of a horse ; for a second-hand carriage ; for a pony, 
 for a donkey for the use of the patients ; for money 
 to fit up the lecture-room ; and for money to build a 
 new reading-room. Many, indeed most, of the special 
 means of occupation I have referred to, are the fruit 
 of numerous small gifts from many different hands. 
 The gardens, both vegetable and flower, the workshop 
 and mechanical department, the lawms, the Avalks, the 
 roads, the calisthenics, each for its proper cases 
 and sex, are employed to secui-e that muscular 
 work which is knowai to be so valuable an aid 
 in the treatment of nervous diseases. In 1864, 
 there w^as erected by the " generous liberality of our 
 friends, for the special benefit and amusement of the 
 patients" a new building, called the Gymnastic Hall, 
 near the north return wing of the Department for 
 Females. This hall could not have been built from 
 the ordinary resources of the Hospital, but, as has 
 often happened, when the need was known, friends 
 came forward and supplied the money for the special
 
 61 
 
 purpose. The building is 51 by 32 feet in the inside, 
 with a ceiUng 17 feet high. There are two corridors 
 of good size, the floor is double, and the hall is well 
 arranofed for heatino^ and lio-htino:. It contains an 
 excellent piano and a fine melodeon. Comfortable seats 
 are provided for about one hundred and thirty per- 
 sons, while the portion of the floor specially devoted 
 to the exercises is -10 by 17 feet. A system of light 
 gymnastics had been introduced under a proper 
 teacher, and it is pleasing to observe, from 3'ear to 
 year, the great interest felt by the patients in this, to 
 them, unsuspected method of treatment. In 1866, 
 they had been continued for three years, and the 
 interest in them was undiminished. The class exer- 
 cising averaged between twenty and thirty, and the 
 number of spectators was considerable. In the Ke- 
 port for 1875, we read that the '" light gymnastics, for 
 which the hall bearing that name was specially pro- 
 vided, have been continued regularly for eleven years, 
 with undiminished interest and usefulness." Let me 
 repeat that this constant attention to what might 
 seem to be a mere system of amusements, constitutes 
 one of the most potent means of medical treatment. 
 They are as purely medical as Ling's movement cure, 
 or the regular exercises to the sound of a fife and 
 drum, carried out, under a polytechnic professor, at 
 the Children's Hospital in Paris. They are as truly 
 scientific medical means as is the prescription of a 
 ^ew York, Philadelphia, or London doctor, to a 
 broken-down banker, broker, or professional man, with
 
 G2 
 
 Ills brain-lag, \o y;o Id J^ake Superior, to the Adiron- 
 clacks, or to the Continent, or the Sonth of Europe. 
 
 No one, who lias not visited with intelligent care, 
 and nu>re than once in his life, an insane hospital, or 
 who has not devoted some time to a study of the 
 rei)orts of such hospitals, can conceive of the multi- 
 tude and variety of arrangements necessary for the 
 proper care and medical treatment of the patients. 
 
 In the Report for 1861, I find a suggestion in 
 regard to the care of patients, Avhich it is proper to 
 mention. The constant charge, the personal care, 
 the watching, the nursing of the insane, that care 
 which pai-ents give to the helpless child, devolves 
 uj^on the attendants or nurses. There must be a 
 sufficient number of these to have one, at least, at 
 all times, in each ward with the patients. This rule 
 renders two attendants necessary for each w^ard, 
 for some patients of each chiss leave the Avard to 
 walk, and for other purposes, and there must be a 
 second attendant for those wdio remain. More than 
 this may be necessary", as, for instance, when some of 
 the patients are particularly troublesome, dangerous 
 to others, or suicidal. The duties of these nurses are 
 numerous and varied, and one of the luxuries of a 
 hospital is to have as many as can be used with 
 advantage, without restriction by reason of scarcity 
 of funds. It was suggested, therefore, in 1861, that 
 in addition to the ordinary attendants or nurses, there 
 should be another class of persons to be called com- 
 panions, or, as they have sometimes been designated, 
 teachers. These officers, it w as intended, should be
 
 63 
 
 able to give their attention wherever specially re- 
 quired, and to devote as much time to individual 
 cases as might be deemed profitable. As they were 
 to have no ordinary ward duties, they could devote 
 themselves to the task of rendering the patients all 
 such services as would tend to make them more 
 contented and happy. It is astonishing, indeed, how 
 the poor insane patient will brighten up and be- 
 come cheerful for a kind word spoken in season. 
 They, moreover, it was thought, would have a good 
 effect upon the ordinary attendants, for these, know- 
 ing that, in addition to the regular visits of the 
 physician and other officers of the house, they were 
 liable to be seen at any moment by the companions 
 or teachers, would be more careful in their conduct 
 towards the patients. Accordingly, in 1869, I find 
 this suggestion in full operation. At "the depart- 
 ment for males, there are two supervisors, Avhose 
 duties are entirely among the patients, while, at the 
 department for females, there are one supei'visor and 
 two companions to those under care, who, released 
 from all labor in the wards, devote themselves to the 
 comlbrt and well-being of the patients, each one 
 making a daily written report to the chief medical 
 officer of the respective departments." It is added 
 in the report that it is in this direction that increased 
 expenditure may be profitably made. 
 
 Reference has already been made to the sej^aration 
 of the sexes, at the time when the demands upon the 
 Hospital became so urgent as to render the erection 
 of a new building necessary. Previously to that
 
 (>4 
 
 liuK', in this, and, I believe, to this day, in most in- 
 sane hospitals, the sexes were lodged in the same 
 bnilding, either in opposite wings, or, as was the case 
 in the old insane wards of this institntion, in the Pine 
 Street Hospital, in dili'erent stories of the same Aving. 
 
 In 185.'5, in nrging the erection of a new building, 
 the physician-in-chief writes: "I know of no benefit 
 resulting from the presence of the two sexes in the 
 same building, and there are various disadvantages. 
 AVhile the separation of the sexes Avould prove ad- 
 vantageous, the proximity of the two establishments 
 might be made mutually beneficial." As we have 
 already seen, the plan of having a building for each 
 sex Avas adopted, and it has worked so well that the 
 physician-in chief recommends it as the best, wher- 
 ever there is room upon the grounds and funds sufh- 
 cient for the purpose. Among the advantages enu- 
 merated are the increase in the liberty of the patients, 
 from the fact that their pleasure grounds, drives, and 
 walks can be doubled in extent, and the fences for- 
 merly necessary to divide the grounds be taken away. 
 A much more proper classification, also, of the cases 
 can be made. Where, formerly, there were eight, 
 there are now sixteen classes for each sex. The men- 
 tal condition of many patients is said to be less trou- 
 blesome under this arrangement. These, and other 
 facts, induce me to believe that there are, on the 
 whole, many advantages in the separation of the sexes, 
 and none, unless it be economy of space, in favor of 
 the opposite plan. 
 
 In the Report for 1875, are some remarks upon
 
 65 
 
 mechanical restraint. The ground is taken that, 
 while every effort should be made to avoid its use 
 as far as possible, no inflexible rule ought to be 
 made against it, but that its use or disuse should be 
 left to the physician-in-chief, who is, after all, the 
 only person really competent to decide the question. 
 Under this rule, its abuse would be avoided, since no 
 mere attendant or inferior officer could, upon his own 
 will or judgment, employ it, while the only person fit 
 to be trusted with such responsible power, would 
 have the right to use it in the few cases where it is 
 the lesser of unavoidable evils. For my own part, I 
 may say that I have seen cases of insanity in private 
 practice, in which enforced confinement to a chair or 
 bed, from time to time, appeared to me essential to 
 save a violent patient from dangerous exhaustion. 
 
 Up to the year 1875, the medical duties of this 
 department had been carried on by four physicians, 
 the physician-in-chief, with an assistant physician 
 for the department of females, and two assistant 
 physicians in the other department. In 1875, as the 
 Hospital had had for over two years an avei-age of" 
 more than two hundred patients in each depart- 
 ment, the number was again increased in accord- 
 ance with the recommendation of the Association 
 of Superintendents of the Insane. An assistant 
 physician was added to each department, making six 
 in all. This increase of the medical staff will enable 
 the physicians to give moi-c time to the wards, to 
 study the cases thoroughly, to become more familiar 
 with such patients as specially need personal inter-
 
 ()() 
 
 ('(MU-st,' with, and the moral 'mlliuMicc of, a pliysiciaii, 
 niul. lastly, to make scientific records of the great 
 variety of mental diseases constantly in the Hospital. 
 
 Ilavino- conclnded what I have to say in detail of 
 thi> history of the Hospital, I wish, before closing 
 this imperfect sketch, to make some remarks npon 
 the institntion as a whole. 
 
 Little conld Dr. Thomas Bond, or even that many- 
 sided genins, Franklin, when they began their labors 
 in the canse of this Hospital, foresee to what a height 
 of honor and nsefnlness the institntion wonld rise in 
 the course of a century and a quarter. Dr. Thomas 
 Bond died in 1784, and Franklin in 1790. They had 
 lived long enough to see the birth of their idea, and 
 its fair progress during the first thirty-odd years of 
 its growth. But no foresight of theirs, either prac- 
 tical or poetic, could have told them that, in one 
 hundred and tw^enty-five years, this institntion would 
 be spending annually, in the care of the sick and 
 wounded, and insane patients, nearly twice as much 
 money as its whole ca23ital at the time of its founda- 
 tion ; and that during this period of time, a century 
 and a quarter, it would have had under its roof no 
 less than 103,074 patients, of which number, 63,899 
 were indigent poor, who had to be boarded, fed, 
 medicined, and not a few, partially at least, clothed. 
 Xow^the Hospital has three large and noble buildings 
 to receive its sick; it owns a square of ground in the 
 old city, and 113 acres in the new one beyond the 
 Schuylkill, of the future existence of which Bond and 
 Franklin could have had no more than some vague 
 dream.
 
 67 
 
 It has grown great. It has built great houses, and 
 built them apparently on the rock. It has tended an 
 army of the sick. Gould the destitute sick poor, 
 who have passed through its gates Avithout charge, 
 be marshalled into a visible arra}^, Ave should behold 
 an army greater by three-fold than the largest 
 Washington ever commanded, and only a few thou- 
 sand less than that Avith Avhich AVellino^ton arrested 
 at Waterloo the progi*ess of the greatest and most 
 insatiate conqueror of the modern Avorld. 
 
 And how has this army been lodged, and fed, and 
 ruled? Under what system of administration has all 
 this been effected? Surely, the organization of so 
 successful a staff as this must be worth some study. 
 
 The poAver — the actiA^e energy — in this machine, 
 lies in the Board of Managers. This Board has but 
 one check upon it, the flict that it must be elected 
 annually by the contributors. The contributors 
 represent the latent heat of the machine, which, 
 should it become necessary, may burst into active 
 energy of its OAvn. Once a Manager elected, he 
 serves so long as he serves well, if he Avill to do so, for 
 the contributors do not l)elieve, fortunately^ for this 
 army of the poor, in rotation in office, but, the better 
 a Manager does his Avork of managing, and the longer 
 he has served, the bettei- the contributors like him, and 
 the less they Avill disturb him. And then — the beaut}^ 
 of it — to this day, he serves Avithout pay. AV^ere he 
 paid, it is to be feared that the poor Avould be poorer, 
 for then might come rotation in office, and locusts
 
 (IS 
 
 and i;rMsshoi)i)(.M-s, who, to exist, would luivo to appro- 
 priato somo of the <;ood things provided for the poor. 
 The Board of Managers, then, is the vw viva, the 
 soul, heai't, and mind of the Peinisylvania Hospital. 
 It is like the King — it nevei- dii's. Composed of 
 twelve men, it has ehei-ishcd and ruled the Hospital 
 for one lunidred and twenty-five years. It elects all 
 the officers but the Treasurer. It collects and spends 
 the monc}''. It is responsible for each and every failure, 
 and for every success. It chooses the medical and 
 surgical staff for the sick and wounded department, 
 and the ph^^sician-in-chief and the medical assistants 
 for the insane department. Can any one say that it 
 has not chosen well? Is it not one of the boasts of 
 the Hospital, that it has alwa^'^s furnished to the poor, 
 the best medical and surgical talent to be found in 
 Philadelphia? It has secured for the poor many of 
 the most distinguished medical names of the country. 
 Bond, Cadwalader, Rush, Physick, IS^orris, Pancoast. 
 But why should I prolong the list ? All Philadelphia 
 knows perfectly Avell that her ablest physicians and 
 surgeons have been glad to serve the Pennsylvania 
 Hospital. 
 
 The Board governs the expenditures. It must 
 regulate the expenses l:)y the income, and, when the 
 means do not suffice for the needs of the institution, 
 it has but one resource, the public, not State or city, 
 but the general public. And we have seen already 
 how well this pul^lic has been satisfied with the action 
 of the Board, for has it not, in answer to such appeals, 
 given large sums of money?
 
 (39 
 
 The Managers superintend the operations of the 
 two departments of the Hospital by means of visiting 
 Committees or visitors. The ' Board appoints two 
 members of their body on each of these Committees, 
 and the Committees pay regular weekly visits to 
 each branch of the institution. The members of the 
 Committees inspect the wards, see the officers, 
 hear reports, and examine accounts. These duties 
 are now^, and always have been performed, with 
 great regularity. This system of visitation and 
 inspection is of essential consequence to both 
 branches ; to the insane department, it is vital. The 
 public, from time to time, becomes excited upon all 
 matters connected with hospitals for the insane. 
 Stories are told in sensational novels, and sometimes 
 in the newspapers, or whispered among the credulous 
 and ignorant, of the unjust imjorisonment of oppressed 
 citizens in such institutions ; and occasionally pa- 
 tients are brought before the conrts, by writs of 
 habeas corpus, obtained by friends, who refuse to 
 believe in the fact of insanity. 
 
 The only ground for these reports is the ftict that, 
 occasionally, in the past, an improper use has been 
 made of insane hospitals. But no such iniquity can 
 be traced to this Hospital, nor, do I believe, to any 
 other in this country. I will quote from the Report 
 for the Insane Department for the year 1872, the 
 opinion of an able and distinguished writer on Medi- 
 cal Jurisprudence. He says: "We have yet to learn 
 of the first well-authenticated case in this country ; 
 and Ave have heard the same thing asserted by others
 
 70 
 
 \\li(».se [)rores;sii)n;il diitios have enabled them to be 
 well informed on this subjeet. Althongh this does 
 not }>r<)ve the impossibility of snch an abnse, it cer- 
 tainly does ])i-ove that it mnst be an exceedingly rare 
 oeenrrence/' 
 
 The weekly visits by the Managers to the insane 
 department is a duty which the superintendent de- 
 clares has never been neglected. The State Hospitals 
 for the insane arc visited and Avatched over by officials 
 appointed by the State. In this Hospital this same 
 dnty is performed by these A^isiting Committees of 
 the Board of Managers. 
 
 I have said that the Board has but one check upon 
 it, the fact that it is elected annually by the contribu- 
 tors, but I must add that the Board acts under the 
 original charter granted by the Provincial Assembly. 
 In this charter, are several provisions so excellent 
 that I will cite them for the benefit of the reader. 
 One is that the treasurer is elected by the contribu- 
 tors at the same period, once a year, when they elect 
 the Managers. This gives to the treasurer a higher 
 position on the Hospital staff, than au}^ other officer 
 save the Managers themselves, and invests him Avith 
 a certain independent responsibility and dignity, 
 which he could not have, were he merely a creation 
 of the Managers. Another provision of the charter, 
 which seems to me admirable, is that in which it is 
 declared "That no general meeting of the said con- 
 tributors, nor any persons acting under them, shall 
 employ any money or estate, expressly given or 
 added to the capital stock of the said Hospital, in au}^
 
 71 
 
 other way than by applying its annual interest or 
 rent towards the entertainment and care of the sick 
 and distempered poor, that shall be from time to time 
 brought and placed therein for the cure of their dis- 
 eases, from any part of the Province, without par- 
 tiality or preference." This seems to me eminently 
 wise, since it takes fi'om contributors. Managers, and 
 treasurer, the temptation to use for any purpose, it 
 matters not how wise and provident such purpose 
 might appear at the time, the capital fund of the 
 institution. 
 
 One feature in the history of the Hospital, con- 
 nected with this subject, I think is deserving of 
 notice, and this is that the present excellent treasurer, 
 Mr. John T. Lewis, who has served the institution 
 now for 34z years, was preceded by his father, uncle, 
 and grandfather, three generations of the same family, 
 whose united term of service counts to but four years 
 less than a century. We Americans are prone to 
 regard with envy the stable habits of our mother 
 country, and to fancy that America rarely exhibits 
 families, as is so often seen in England, in which suc- 
 cessive generations show the solid advantages of in- 
 herited integrity and fitness for public office. In this 
 Hospital, we have at least one instance of the descent 
 of virtue and charity from grandfather to grandson. 
 
 After ascribing all honor to the Managers for their 
 admirable control of the institution, it is right and 
 proper that I should refer to the medical and surgical 
 staff of the city department. Between the years 
 1853 and 1876, there have been admitted into the city
 
 7'> 
 
 clo[);irtnu'nt U,.'>T*> patients, the whole medical and 
 suriiieal care and resjJonsibiUty of which cases rest 
 with the stall'. ^SFany of these cases belong* to the 
 recent accident class, those dreadful injuries of all 
 and every possible kind, from s[)rains or simple frac- 
 tures, up to the most disastrous railroad accidents, 
 explosions in fire-arms or cartridge factories, burns 
 and scalds, indeed, the whole misei-able black cata- 
 logue of injuries to which the human frame is ex- 
 posed. Other cases are those of the deadly fevers, 
 typhoid, remitting, and intermittent, dysenteries, the 
 various local inflammations, the consumptions, ca- 
 tarrhs, cancers, and all the sad list of medical woes 
 Avhich make hospitals so necessary. I cite these par- 
 ticular names of things so unpalatable, in order that 
 the lay reader may, perhaps, catch some faint idea of 
 what the Avork of the medical and surgical staff is in 
 this Hospital. The whole of this dreary toil amidst 
 the sick and wounded, the great central object of the 
 Hospital, is done by the staff, as is the w^ork of the 
 Manaoers, without monev emolument. It has been 
 performed now by the medical men of Philadelphia 
 for one hundred and twenty-five years, as one of the 
 many charitable works of the profession. Until the 
 year 1871, a small fee, ten dollars, w^as charged for 
 admission to the clinical lectures, the proceeds of 
 which w^ere applied, at the request of the staff, to 
 build up the very handsome medical library of the 
 Hospital, to which I have already referred. But, in 
 the year just mentioned, the staff proposed to the 
 Board that they should abandon even this small fee,
 
 and make the lectures entirely free of expense to all 
 students of respectable colleges. This was done. 
 So let it be put on record in the history of the Hos- 
 pital, that the daily visitino^ and care of the sick and 
 wounded in the city Hospital, is most faithfully per- 
 formed, in all its length and breadth, gratuitously, by 
 the medical and surgical staff. 
 
 I take great pride as a citizen of Philadelphia and 
 of this State in the history of this oldest Hospital in 
 the State, since it shows forth the admirable manner 
 in which its interests have been served, and its funds 
 husbanded and increased by the gentlemen Avho have 
 served it. Let us not fail to do justice to the men 
 who have managed this Hospital so Avell. Hear what 
 a Chief Justice said in 1834, about a case which came 
 before the court, of a devise establishing an Orphan 
 House, for the maintenance and education of poor 
 orphan children. The trust had been abused and the 
 Chief Justice said it was "an additional instance of 
 the futility of private charities," and that " even when 
 established by law, and provided with the conserva- 
 tive apparatus of visitation, inspection, and whatever 
 ingenuity could contrive, these misdirected efforts of 
 benevolence had conduced but to the emoluments of 
 the aofents intrusted with their care. So it would 
 ever be, when the vision of the visitor was not 
 sharpened by individual interest." The case is given 
 by Mr. Binney in his argument in the Girard case. 
 In a foot-note to the case Mr. Bimicy says: "This is 
 a melancholy picture of charitable gifts and institu- 
 tions ; but, while its resem])lancc to individual cases
 
 74 
 
 mnv 1)0 admitted — lor what iiist it iitioiis are not soine- 
 tinu's ahiisc'il? — uc sliouUl, lor tlic lioiioi- of liumaiiity, 
 1)0 slow to admit its aecui-acv in point of general 
 jeseniblance. AVo must all know many charities 
 which have been I'aithriilly, disinterestedly, and most 
 benelicially administered. The city of Philadel[)hia 
 has main- of them, and, it is to be hoped, ever will 
 have them, and as in times past they have been, so 
 we may predict that in all future time they will con- 
 tinue to be, as much a source of praise to the giver, 
 of honor to the visitors and trustees, as they have 
 been and wall be of comfort, relief, and improvement 
 to their manifold objects." I cannot doubt that, in 
 writing these words, Mr. Binney may have thought of 
 this very Hospital, for often have I heard him speak 
 with great satisfaction and commendation of its man- 
 agement. 
 
 I have now brought the history of this institution, 
 during the past twenty-five years, to a conclusion, 
 and I might end my labor here, but, in stndying the 
 past of anything that has a continuous existence, the 
 mind travels inevitably into the future, and I feel that 
 my work w'ould be unfinished, were I to say nothing 
 as to the probable future of the Hosj^ital. 
 
 Two points in particular press upon my thoughts 
 in considering the future of the Hospital — one is the 
 direction in which its progressive development ought 
 to take place — and the other is the fact which should 
 be known to all men, wdio feel an interest in its suc- 
 cess, that it needs a large addition to its funds, if it 
 is to go on increasing in usefulness as it has done in 
 the past.
 
 75 
 
 The Hospital was chartered for the " reception and 
 rehef of Innatics, and other distempered and sick 
 poor within this Province," as the charter recites in 
 one paragraph, or for " the entertainment and cnre of 
 tlie sick and distempered poor," as the words rnn in 
 another paragraph. It is fair to presume that its 
 duty is to disti'ibute its care in due proportion to 
 these different classes of the sick. The dew of its 
 charity should fall upon all classes of the sick and 
 wounded poor, in as fair a proportion as it is possible 
 for the Hospital to arrange and provide for. It is for 
 the Managers to decide how to expend the funds 
 given or bequeathed to the Hospital so as best to 
 realize this end. 
 
 I can think of no better guide for the Hospital au- 
 thorities in this matter, than the determination by re- 
 liable vital statistics, of the proportion of deaths in 
 a large community, caused by the three great divi- 
 sions of disease, received into this Hospital — medical, 
 surgical, and insane. This will give a standard 
 to decide the direction in which a hospital, created 
 and maintained by the gifts and legacies of the chari- 
 table, ought to seek to develop itself. 
 
 To obtain this standard, I shall take first the Report 
 of the Registrar General of England, the best, ])i'ob- 
 ably, the world aftbrds, and ascertain the proportion 
 of deaths from medical and surgical causes in all 
 England, and then in the city of London. In this 
 way, we shall find the relative proportion of deaths 
 from these two chief groups of causes, first, in the 
 rural and town populations together, and then in the
 
 7<i 
 
 largest city in tlie world. 1 shall then do the same 
 thing- tor onr own city of Philadelphia. I have taken 
 the yenr 1857 for England, as this is the last report 
 I ha\e hecn a1»le to lind, and the year 1874 lor this 
 city. 
 
 In 18r)7, the whole nnniber of deaths in all England 
 was -119,815. Of this total, the deaths fi-om surgical 
 diseases were 32,157. I include amongst these the 
 deaths from syphilis, hemorrhage, abscess, ulcer, 
 fistula, moitification, cancer, scrofula, aneurism, her- 
 nia, ileus, intussusception, stricture of the intestinal 
 canal, stone, cystitis, stricture of the urethra, ova- 
 rian dropsy, carbuncle, diseases of the joints, phleg- 
 mon, spina bifida and other malformations, poison, 
 burns and scalds, hanging and suffocation, drowning, 
 fractures and contusions, wounds, and other violence. 
 Of these causes of death, not a few would come into 
 the hands of the physician, whether in private or 
 hospital practice ; as some of the syphilitic cases, of 
 those from hemorrhage, from cancer, scrofula, ileus, 
 intussusception, stricture of the urethra, cystitis, and 
 poison ; but I have preferred to consider them all 
 surgical, in order to make sure that the result, Avhich, 
 at first view, is surprising, should not by any chance 
 be incorrect. 
 
 I find that of the whole number of deaths in all 
 England, 419,815, the number from surgical causes 
 was 32,157, or 7.65 per cent. In London, the whole 
 number of deaths was 59,103, of which those from 
 surgical causes were 4934, or 8.34 per cent., showing 
 that a larger proportion, as might have been expected,
 
 77 
 
 occurs in a large city, than in the general poj)ulation 
 of a whole countr3^ 
 
 In this city, in the year 1874, the whole number of 
 deaths was 16,254. The number of deaths from the 
 surgical causes enumerated above was 992, or 6.1 
 per cent. 
 
 In 1857, the deaths from insanity in all England, 
 as given in the Registrar General's Report, were only 
 403. This, of course, does not give the real number 
 of deaths of insane persons. But I find, in Bucknill 
 and Tuke\s Psychological Medicine, p. 298, the fol- 
 lowing statement as to the mortality of the insane : 
 "^ From the Lunacy Report of the present year (1861), 
 we learn the annual rate of mortality during five 
 years ending December 31, 1858. The deaths (cal- 
 culated on the mean number resident, over 20,225) 
 amounted to 10.97 per cent." This proportion would 
 give 2218 per annum, and, assuming that the same 
 number died in 1857 as in 1861, we should have a 
 percentage of 55 hundredths of one j)er cent. 
 
 In this city, of the whole number of deaths in 1874, 
 given in the Report of the Board of Health to the 
 Mayor, 16,254, only three are to be found under the 
 head of insanity. The insane department of this Hos- 
 pital, alone, reports for that year 46 deaths. But, as 
 we have, probably, a much safer ratio in the English 
 Reports, I shall not attempt to give that I'or our city. 
 
 The deaths in all England, in 1857, fi'om obstet- 
 rical causes, including the deaths in childbirtli, and 
 those from puerperal fever, were 2787, or a percentage 
 of 66 hundredths of one per cent, of the whole number 
 of deaths.
 
 78 
 
 Tlieso fads show that something nioi'C than 91 per 
 t'ont. of all the deaths in England in 1857 were caused 
 h\ the varieties of disease iisnally denominated med- 
 ienl. and tliat a hospital which is to take equal care 
 1)1' all classes of the sick and wounded, must expend 
 over 90 per cent, of its charitable endowment on the 
 medical wards. These proportions seem, at first view, 
 incredible, and 3'et, if the above calculations are cor- 
 rect, the results must be as they are here set down. 
 And, Avhen we reflect how numerous are the cases of 
 consumption, of typhoid and typhus fever, scarlet 
 fever, pneumonia, pleurisy, rheumatism, catarrh, dys- 
 entery, diarrhoea, remittent and intermittent fevers, 
 Ave need not be so much surprised. Even in the most 
 deadly wars, it is not the loss of life in battle or from 
 wounds that weakens armies ; it is the train of diseases 
 that break out in camp, in forced marches or retreats, 
 or in sieges, Avhich cause much the greater part of the 
 whole mortality. 
 
 To render these observations of use as a guide 
 in the future development of a hospital like this one, 
 it would be necessary to eliminate from the whole 
 number of deaths from medical causes, all such as 
 are not received in this hospital — still-births, many 
 of the diseases of children, and contagious diseases 
 in general — but, as my object is rather to suggest 
 what may be necessar}^ in the future, than what is 
 exactly appropriate at the present time, I shall pur- 
 sue the matter no further. More precise and particu- 
 lar calculations can be made whenever it may become 
 proper to do so.
 
 79 
 
 It is well known to all who are f\imiliai' with the 
 history of the Pennsylvania Hospital, that it has long 
 been pre-eminently a snrgical hospital. Thus, in the 
 five years 1852-56 inclusive, the whole number of 
 admissions was 955(3, of which 5717 were surgical 
 and 3889 medical, or 59.82 per cent. surgicaL In the 
 five years 1872-76 the whole number of cases was 
 10,057, of which 6416 were surgical and 3611 medi- 
 cal, or 63.79 per cent, surgical. So that the hospital 
 has been in the habit of devoting considerably more 
 than half of its funds to the care of surgical cases 
 occnrring in the city or in its environs, though, out 
 of the whole number of deaths in a community, as I 
 have explained, not more than 7| to 8| per cent, are 
 due to surgical diseases. This great disparity in the 
 proportion of the surgical to medical cases, has been 
 the result of a custom of this hospital, already re- 
 ferred to several times, of receiving all recent acci- 
 dents, brought to its doors within twenty-four hours 
 of their occurrence, without question. This custom 
 was doubtless the fruit of a chai'itable necessity. 
 For many years there was no proper hospital accom- 
 modation in the city, for surgical cases, except in this 
 institution, and it l)ecame one of the fixed habits of 
 the poor to carry their diseased friends and relatives 
 to this one sure refuge. ISTot only so, but the easy 
 classes of society, and the great manufacturing estab- 
 lishments, knowing this i-ule of the hospital, to take 
 all recent accidents without question, naturally aided 
 in establishing this almost universal custom. So pre- 
 dominant was the importance of the surgical wards
 
 80 
 
 tlial ill 1S()(). \\ luMi. as I have related l)e fore, there was 
 some (l()iil)t as to wliether some of the wards would 
 iiol haw to be elosed, the only ones hinted at or 
 mentioned, weiv the medieal. This miserable neces- 
 sity was, however, avoided, ha})pily for the reputation 
 of the hospital. 
 
 Within a few years the Blockley Hospital has been 
 taking a much larger number of recent accidents 
 than in previous times. The city now supplies that 
 liospital with an ambulance, which being sent for 
 from the police stations when accidents occilr, carries 
 l)atients to its wards from all parts of the city.^ Other 
 hospitals have been erected — the Episcopal, the Pres- 
 byterian, the University, and, at this very time, the 
 Jefferson Medical College is building one to be con- 
 nected Avith its school. These increased accommo- 
 dations for the sick and wounded cannot fail to lessen 
 the demands to be made upon the Pennsylvania Hos- 
 pital, and it is reasonable to suppose that the pressure 
 upon this latter for surgical patients will diminish. 
 As the whole number of surgical cases in the com- 
 munit}^ is so much less than the medical, and as all 
 the ncAV foundations will soon be read}' to take their 
 proportion of accidents, we may safely assume that 
 the time has noAv come, or is at hand, when this cha- 
 rity may prepare to expand the accommodations for 
 medical cases, in a larger proportion than it has yet 
 l)een able to do. 
 
 As to the Insane Department of this Hospital, it 
 
 ' The Managers of tlie Pennsylvania Hospital have recently decided to 
 have an ambulance attached to this Hospital.
 
 81 
 
 is already so large in proportion to that for the sick 
 and wounded, that it will scarcely need any further 
 expansion for many years to come. And, if we bear 
 in mind the fact that, in all England, the proportion 
 of deaths from insanity to the whole number, was but 
 fifty-five hundredths of one per cent., it does certainly 
 seem, that this foundation is doing as much for the 
 insane at the present time, as its endowment makes 
 proper and necessary. 
 
 One thing more I may say in regard to the surgi- 
 cal department of the hospital. It has already been 
 stated that the Blockley Hospital maintains an am- 
 bulance of its own. The University Hospital also 
 maintains one. These ambulances are sent for from 
 the police stations to the scene of a recent accident 
 and, of course, convey the sufterers to the hospitals 
 to which they are attached, often carrying the injured 
 persons considerable distances, and past the doors of 
 this and other hospitals. It has been suggested, and 
 I think with good reason, that the municipal authori- 
 ties of the city be invited to establish city ambulances, 
 perhaps in connection with the fire department, which 
 might be sent for when accidents occur, with direc- 
 tions to carry the patients to the nearest hospital 
 prepared for their reception. This system would have 
 two great advantages. It would lessen, in many 
 cases, the distances over which the suflerers have 
 to be transported, and it would diminish the heavy 
 taxation borne by the city, for the support of the 
 Blockley Hospital, by diverting from its wards many 
 surgical cases that would then be received into, and 
 6
 
 82 
 
 Rii]i]x>rtod by, the private charitable institutions ready 
 and uiUin<2^ to take care of them. 
 
 The other point connected with the future career 
 of this Hospital, to Avhich 1 desired to call atten- 
 tion, was its need for a larger endowment. It re- 
 quires more funds in order to continue what it has 
 been doing for several years past, in a more complete 
 and elFective manner, or to increase, as it ought to 
 be enabled to do, the number of sick to be received 
 within its walls. 
 
 The expenses have been increasing from two prin- 
 cipal causes — the diminution in the number of pay- 
 patients in proportion to the free, and the great m- 
 crease in the cost of living. In 1856, twenty years 
 since, the whole number of patients admitted was 
 1714, of which number 1151 were poor and 560 pay. 
 The expenses were $31,657.83, of which amount 
 $9,185.17 were received from the board of patients. 
 In 1876 the admissions were 1638, of which 1270 
 were poor and 368 pay. The expenses were |62,- 
 666.22, of which sum $9,766.80 were received for 
 board, so that it cost the Hospital $28,028.39 more 
 to supj)ort, in 1876, a number of patients less by 76 
 than in 1856, yet the amount received for board was 
 very nearly the same. 
 
 Though the whole number of patients in 1876 was 
 less than in 1856, it is probable that this diminution 
 was owing to some temporary cause, for I find, on 
 comparing periods of five years, that there has been 
 a very decided increase. In the five years 1851 to 
 1856 the whole number was 8,815, while in the five
 
 83 
 
 years, 1872 to 1876, it was 9,250, a difference in the 
 five years of 405. 
 
 It is clear, therefore, that the funds of the Hos- 
 pital, for the maintenance of the department for the 
 sick and wounded, ought to be increased as soon as 
 jDOSsible, and in a very considerable degree. 
 
 The other branch of the Hospital, the Insane De- 
 partment, also needs additional endowment. This 
 department has had most remarkable success. As 
 stated before, it has received, of the income from the 
 vested capital in the last thirty years, $159,996.36, or 
 but $4,571.32 per annum. And yet its expenditures 
 are very heavy. I find that, for the last five years, 
 its annual expenditure has varied from $172,000 to 
 $214,000. These large sums were paid almost wholly 
 by the board received from the j^aying patients. In- 
 deed, in the last year, 1875, it appears to have been 
 more than self-supporting, since the total expendi- 
 tures were $201,366.53, and the net receipts $205,- 
 532.70. 
 
 This branch supports, on these means, a good many 
 poor patients who pay nothing, and a number of 
 others who are received at a rate of board so moder- 
 ate, that it does not pay the cost of their support. 
 During the last five years, the number of free patients 
 has varied from 35 in 1873, to 43 in 1871 and 
 1872, and 51 in 1875. Since its opening in 1841, it 
 has received 7167 patients in all, of which number 
 1532 wei'e taken without charge, and about as many 
 more paid less than the cost of their support. 
 
 So that this department is now, and has been, doing
 
 84 
 
 all that it can allord to do lor the poor. To extend 
 its care to a yet larger luimhei", it must have an in- 
 crease of its funds. In the last report, that of 1875, 
 it is stated that, " The claimants for admission on the 
 part of those unable to pay the full cost of their sup- 
 port, are constantly increasing, and are far beyond 
 the resources of the Institution. Many of them are 
 of the greatest interest and curable. It is to meet 
 these applications, and to provide everything that will 
 promote additional comforts, greater happiness, and 
 o-ive better chances of restoration for all its patients, 
 that the Institution needs large additions to its re- 
 sources, and especially a great increase of the perma- 
 nent fund, which has been liberally started by a few 
 benevolent individuals. 
 
 When free beds are established, they are for indi- 
 gent, recent, and supposed curable cases only; and, 
 judging by past experience, when thus used, every 
 such bed may be expected to be the means of restor- 
 ino' to reason and to society, from one to two patients 
 in every year the Hospital shall exist." 
 
 To all who have read this history of the last twenty- 
 live years of the Pennsylvania Hospital, it must be 
 plain that, for the extensive good it has done and is 
 still doino-, it is not the wealthy institution which 
 many suppose it to be. I think I have shown, on the 
 contrary, that it has been compelled to exceed con- 
 stantly its income, and that it has never been able to 
 attain to that degree of usefulness, in its city depart- 
 ment especially, which it might reach had it more 
 abundant means. The history has exhibited the
 
 85 
 
 Managers embarrassed, hampered, distressed, at times 
 despondent, obliged to go before the public, hat in 
 hand, so to speak, to implore the gift of funds to 
 make up its annual deficiencies. What toil, what 
 stripes, what rebufis, have they not been forced to en- 
 dure? The hospital may be likened to that noblest 
 sight in the world, the good man struggling with ad- 
 versity. 
 
 I have portrayed, too, the spotless integrity, the 
 steady and devoted loyalty to the right, the reputa- 
 tion undimmed even by a suspicion, with which its 
 affairs have been administered. Having shown this 
 noble picture of what has been accomplished by this 
 charity, shall I hesitate to advise any one who desires 
 to see the gracious fruit of his liberality while he yet 
 lives, or who may wish to leave a lasting good be- 
 hind him, not to forget that here is an institution, 
 one of the antiquities of our young country, the 
 history of which shows forth only the finest uses of 
 charity ? 
 
 I will venture to add that, to me personally, it ap- 
 pears most wise to give money to the general endow- 
 ment fund, in order that the Board of Managers, that 
 active, intelligent body which never dies, never wastes, 
 never misappropriates, may apply the income of the 
 capital in such manner for the general good of all the 
 l^oor, as time and progress shall declare to be most 
 wise and necessary. 
 
 If any one should wish to perpetuate the name of 
 some beloved relative, or to illustrate his own name 
 and family, let him endow one or more free beds to
 
 8() 
 
 be called aller the person i'oi" whom they arc endowed. 
 I doubt even whether it is wise to choose between the 
 two depai'lnients. AVho can know^, at this moment of 
 time, what may be the necessities of a great hospital 
 in tlie future? To the Managers, it appears to me, it 
 would be best to leave the appropriation of the income 
 in such direction in the distant future as time and the 
 growth of societ}^ shall show to be necessary. 
 
 And now at length I come to the end of my labor. 
 The task I have essayed, and am about to conclude, 
 has been a labor of love. I am, and have always 
 been, a citizen of Philadelphia. I w^as brought up in 
 a medical family, and imbibed from my father, w^ho 
 served the hospital faithfully for ten years, a senti- 
 ment towards this institution which touched upon 
 the romantic. And he and I were by no means sin- 
 gular in this, for it is a fact, and I wish to put this 
 on record, that there always has been amongst our 
 citizens a peculiar sentiment of tenderness, mingled 
 with the pride felt for the Pennsylvania Hospital. 
 This sentiment w^as composed largely of love, un- 
 touched by any fear of abuse. Such has been the 
 management throughout its career that no one sus- 
 pected, or dreaded, anything like misapplication of its 
 funds. Perfect love had, indeed, cast out fear in this 
 one, at least, of our public institutions. The hospital 
 is now, and ever has been, one of the embellishments 
 of Philadelphia. In this city, for now so many years, 
 its large square of ground, open to the air and light, 
 except for its neat and simple, but striking mass of 
 buildings, and its noble girdle of trees, which has so
 
 87 
 
 long surrounded the square, has had, I cannot but 
 fancy, something to do with the interest felt by the 
 citizens in the institution. The circlet of superb 
 foliage which marked, like a crown, the house of the 
 poor sick, was visible from all parts of the city, and 
 could not be seen by those who knew what it marked, 
 and who had any sense of the beauty and fitness of 
 things, without raising in the mind a sense of grati- 
 tude, that there the sick and wounded who were 
 homeless, might find a refuge, and one of pride that 
 the city could boast so great an embellishment.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 I. 
 
 MANAGERS AND TREASURERS. 
 
 The folloiowg is a list of those who have served as 31anagers and Trea- 
 surers from the covimencement of the Institution to the present time ; 
 with the date of their respective elections, and the length of time they 
 continued in office. 
 
 Managers. 
 
 Joshua Crosby 
 Benjamin Franklin 
 Thomas Bond 
 Samuel Hazard 
 Richard Peters 
 Israel Pembertou, Jr. 
 Samuel Rhoads 
 Hugh Roberts 
 Joseph Morris 
 
 John Smith 
 
 Evan Morgan 
 Charles Norris 
 
 Isaac Jones 
 
 John Re3fnell 
 William Griffltts 
 Thomas Lawrence, Jr. 
 Joseph Fox 
 William Grant 
 Thomas Crosby 
 
 Daniel Roberdeau 
 
 Charles Jones 
 Isaac Greenleaf 
 Joseph Richardson, Mer't 
 Jacob Duchee 
 Plunket Fleeson 
 Anthony Benezet 
 John Say re 
 Stephen Shewell 
 Thomas Gordon 
 
 Elected. 
 
 Resigned. 
 
 1751 
 
 1755 
 
 1751 
 
 1757 
 
 1751 
 
 1752 
 
 1751 
 
 1754 
 
 1751 
 
 1752 
 
 1751 
 
 1779 
 
 1751 
 
 1781 
 
 1751 
 
 1756 
 
 1751 
 
 1757 
 
 (1751 
 11761 
 
 1756| 
 
 1762 i 
 
 j 1751 
 (1753 
 
 1752) 
 1763) 
 
 1751 
 
 1752 
 
 (1752 
 
 1756) 
 
 ■^17^0 
 
 1762 V- 
 
 (1764 
 
 1773 ) 
 
 1752 
 
 1780 
 
 1752 
 
 1753 
 
 1752 
 
 1753 
 
 1753 
 
 1756 
 
 1754 
 
 1756 
 
 1755 
 
 1757 
 
 J 1756 
 (1766 
 
 1758) 
 1776) 
 
 1756 
 
 1761 
 
 1756 
 
 1771 
 
 1756 
 
 1770 
 
 1756 
 
 1758 
 
 1757 
 
 1759 
 
 1757 
 
 1758 
 
 1757 
 
 1758 
 
 1758 
 
 1760 
 
 1758 
 
 1766 
 
 Served the Institution. 
 
 4 years (died). 
 6 years. 
 
 1 year. 
 3 3'ears. 
 
 I year. 
 28 3'ears. 
 30 years. 
 
 5 3' ears. 
 
 6 3'ears. 
 
 6 3-ears. 
 
 II 3^ears. 
 
 1 year. 
 
 15 years and 5 months 
 (died). 
 
 28 years. 
 
 1 3'ear and 5 months. 
 
 1 year. 
 
 2 3'ears and 7 months. 
 2 3'ears. 
 
 1 year and 11 months. 
 
 12 years. 
 
 5 years. 
 
 15 3'ears. [(died). 
 
 17 3'ears and 6 months 
 
 1 3'ear and 9 months. 
 
 2 years. 
 1 year. 
 
 9 months, 
 years. 
 
 8 years. 
 
 (89)
 
 00 
 
 Managers 
 
 SaiiuK'l MitUiu 
 James remberton 
 Jacob TiCwis 
 John Moase 
 Ilonry Harrison 
 Thomas Wliarton 
 
 John Gibson 
 
 Joseph Redmon 
 John Xixon 
 Joseph ^lorris 
 * Isaac Cox 
 William Loijan 
 Thomas Mifflin 
 Thomas Wharton 
 Edward Penington 
 Robert Strettell Jones 
 George Roberts 
 Thomas Fisher 
 Joseph Swift 
 William West 
 Jacob Shoemaker 
 William Morrell 
 Samuel Powell 
 Joshua Howell 
 Samuel Pleasants 
 Peter Reeve 
 George Mifflin 
 Thomas Franklin 
 Tench Coxe 
 Reynold Keene 
 Jonathan Shoemaker 
 Owen Jones, Jr. 
 Isaac Wharton 
 Josiah Hewes 
 John Morton 
 Adam Hubley 
 
 Nathaniel Falconer 
 
 Andrew Doz 
 Thomas Moore 
 Samuel Howell 
 William Hall 
 Samuel Coates 
 John Pascliall 
 Thomas Penrose 
 
 Elected. 
 
 Resigned 
 
 1758 
 
 1760 
 
 1758 
 
 1780 
 
 1759 
 
 1774 
 
 17(!0 
 
 1768 
 
 1702 
 
 1766 
 
 17(52 
 
 1769 
 
 f 1763 
 
 1764) 
 
 11767 
 
 1770; 
 
 1766 
 
 1767 
 
 1768 
 
 1772 
 
 1769 
 
 1781 
 
 1770 
 
 1776 
 
 1770 
 
 1775 
 
 1771 
 
 1773 
 
 1772 
 
 1779 
 
 1773 
 
 1779 
 
 1773 
 
 1781 
 
 1774 
 
 1776 
 
 1775 
 
 1776 
 
 1776 
 
 1786 
 
 1776 
 
 1778 
 
 1776 
 
 1781 
 
 1776 
 
 1782 
 
 1778 
 
 1780 
 
 1779 
 
 1782 
 
 1779 
 
 1781 
 
 1779 
 
 1786 
 
 1780 
 
 1785 
 
 1780 
 
 1783 
 
 1780 
 
 1781 
 
 1781 
 
 1790 
 
 1781 
 
 1790 
 
 1781 
 
 1795 
 
 1781 
 
 1784 
 
 1781 
 
 1812 
 
 1781 
 
 1785 
 
 1782 
 
 1784 
 
 (1782 
 (1784 
 
 1783) 
 
 1790; 
 
 1783 
 
 1788 
 
 1783 
 
 1788 
 
 1784 
 
 1789 
 
 1785 
 
 1787 
 
 1785 
 
 1825 
 
 1786 
 
 1795 
 
 1786 
 
 1798 
 
 Served the Institution. 
 
 2 years. 
 22 years. 
 
 15 years. [(died). 
 
 7 years and 10 months 
 
 3 3''rs and 9 mo's (died). 
 7 years. 
 
 3 years and 7 months. 
 
 1 3'ear and 1 month. 
 
 4 3'ears. 
 
 12 years. 
 
 5y'rsand 8 mo's (died). 
 
 4 3'ears and 6 months. 
 
 1 3'ear and 11 months. 
 
 7 years. 
 6 years. 
 
 8 years. 
 
 2 years and 3 months. 
 
 1 j'^ear and 3 months. 
 
 9 years and 9 months. 
 
 2 3^ears. 
 
 5 3'ears. 
 
 6 3'ears and 8 months. 
 
 2 }^ears. 
 
 3 years. 
 
 2 3'ears. 
 
 7 years. 
 
 5 y'rs and 2 mo's (died). 
 
 3 3' ears. 
 
 1 3'ear. 
 
 9 3'ears and 7 months. 
 9 years and 1 month. 
 
 13 3^ears and 9 months. 
 3 3^ears. 
 
 30 3"ears and 5 months. 
 
 3 years and 8 months. 
 
 2 3'ears and 4 months. 
 
 6 years and 6 months. 
 
 5 years. 
 5 3^ears. 
 
 4 3'ears and 5 months. 
 1 year and 11 months. 
 40 years and 4 months. 
 
 8 years and 10 months 
 12 years. [(died). 
 
 * It appears from the minutes of the Board, that Isaac Cox was lost at sea, on his 
 return from the Island of New Providence, in the winter of 1775-6.
 
 91 
 
 Managers. 
 
 Elected. 
 
 Resigned. 
 
 Served the Institution. 
 
 Richard Rundle 
 
 1787 
 
 1789 
 
 2 years. 
 
 Samuel Clark 
 
 1788 
 
 1802 
 
 13 years and 6 months 
 
 Pattison Hartshorne 
 
 1788 
 
 1823 
 
 35 years. [(died). 
 
 Elliston Perot 
 
 1789 
 
 1806 
 
 17 years and 2 months. 
 
 Bartholomew Wistar 
 
 1789 
 
 1796 
 
 7 years. 
 
 Cornelius Barnes 
 
 1790 
 
 1793 
 
 3 y 'rs and 5 mo's (died). 
 
 Lawrence Seckel 
 
 1790 
 
 1820 
 
 29 years and 9 months. 
 
 William McMurtrie 
 
 1791 
 
 1794 
 
 3 years. [(died). 
 
 Thomas Morris 
 
 1793 
 
 1809 
 
 15 3'ears and 1 1 months 
 
 Samuel M. Fox 
 
 1794 
 
 1797 
 
 3 years. 
 
 Robert Wain 
 
 1795 
 
 1800 
 
 5 years and 2 months. 
 
 James Smith, Jr. 
 
 1795 
 
 1805 
 
 10 years. 
 
 Israel Pleasants 
 
 1796 
 
 1800 
 
 4 years. 
 
 John Dorse}' 
 
 1797 
 
 1804 
 
 7 years. 
 
 Robert Smith, Merchant 
 
 1798 
 
 1805 
 
 7 years. 
 
 Zaccheus Collins 
 
 1800 
 
 1822 
 
 22 years. 
 
 Paschall Hollingsworth 
 
 1800 
 
 1812 
 
 12 years. 
 
 Richard Wistar 
 
 1803 
 
 1806 
 
 3 years and 4 months. 
 
 Joseph Lownes 
 
 1804 
 
 1820 
 
 16 years. 
 
 Peter Brown 
 
 1805 
 
 1811 
 
 6 y'rs and 7 mo's (died). 
 
 Edward Penlngton 
 
 1805 
 
 1820 
 
 15 years. 
 
 Zachariah Poulson 
 
 1806 
 
 1808 
 
 1 3^ear and 10 months. 
 
 William Poyntell 
 
 1806 
 
 1811 
 
 5 y'rs and 2 mo's (died). 
 
 Thomas Stewardson 
 
 1808 
 
 1841 
 
 33 years and 2 months 
 
 Thomas P. Cope 
 
 1809 
 
 1828 
 
 19 years. [(died). 
 
 Reeve Lewis 
 
 1811 
 
 1814 
 
 3 years and 3 months. 
 
 Joseph S. Morris 
 
 1811 
 
 1817 
 
 5 y'rs and 3 mo's (died). 
 
 Samuel W. Fisher 
 
 1812 
 
 1817 
 
 4 y'rs and 9 mo's (died). 
 
 Joseph Watson 
 
 1812 
 
 1824 
 
 12 years and 5 months. 
 
 Mordecai Lewi* 
 
 [1814 
 
 |l828 
 
 1818") 
 1849J 
 
 24 years and 9 months. 
 
 Israel Cope 
 
 1817 
 
 1828 
 
 11 years. 
 
 Thomas Morris 
 
 1817 
 
 1840 
 
 23 years and 9 months. 
 
 Henrj' Hollingsworth 
 
 1818 
 
 1823 
 
 5 years and 6 months. 
 
 Alexander Elmslie 
 
 1820 
 
 1827 
 
 7 years. 
 
 Matthew L. Bevan 
 
 1820 
 
 1828 
 
 7 years and 10 months. 
 
 Joseph Johnson 
 
 1820 
 
 1828 
 
 7 years and 10 months. 
 
 William L. Hodge 
 
 1822 
 
 1824 
 
 2 years. 
 
 Roberts Vaux 
 
 1823 
 
 1834 
 
 11 years. 
 
 Charles Roberts 
 
 1823 
 
 1844 
 
 21 years and 3 months. 
 
 William W. Fisher 
 
 1824 
 
 1838 
 
 13y'sand 8 mo's (died). 
 
 Charles Watson 
 
 1824 
 
 1846 
 
 21 3'ears and 2 months. 
 
 John Paul 
 
 1825 
 
 1844 
 
 18y'sand 8mo's (died). 
 
 Joseph R. Jenks 
 
 1827 
 
 1828 
 
 10 months. 
 
 Joseph Price 
 
 1828 
 
 1845 
 
 17 .years and 6 months. 
 
 Alexander W. Johnson 
 
 1828 
 
 1848 
 
 20 years and 8 months. 
 
 John J. Smith 
 
 1828 
 
 1836 
 
 8 years and 7 months.
 
 92 
 
 Miina<ior.<. 
 
 Elected. 
 
 Resigned. 
 
 Served the Institution. 
 
 H:\rtlioloine\v Wistar 
 
 1828 
 
 1841 
 
 13y'sand 5mo's(died\ 
 
 Lawrence Lewis 
 
 1834 
 
 1855 
 
 21y'sand7mo's(died). 
 
 
 ( 1836 
 
 1838) 
 
 
 James R. Greaves 
 
 \ 1842 
 
 1866J 
 
 25 years. 
 
 George Roberts Smith 
 
 1838 
 
 1850 • 
 
 12 years and 4 months. 
 
 Nathan Dnnn 
 
 1838 
 
 1842 
 
 4 years. 
 
 William R. Fling 
 
 1841 
 
 1856 . 
 
 15 years. 
 
 Frederick Rrowu 
 
 1841 
 
 1864 
 
 22 y's and 7 mo's (d'd). 
 
 Isaac Elliott 
 
 1841 
 
 1842 
 
 1 year and 2 months. 
 
 George Stewardson 
 
 1842 
 
 1855 
 
 13 years and 4 months. 
 
 Jacob G. Morris 
 
 1844 
 
 1854 
 
 10 years (died). 
 
 Mordecai L. Dawson 
 
 1844 
 
 1872 
 
 27y'sandllmo's(d'd). 
 
 Clement C. Riddle 
 
 1846 
 
 1855 
 
 9 y's and 6 mo's (died). 
 
 John Farnum 
 
 1846 
 
 1872 
 
 26 y's and 4 mo's (d'd). 
 
 Mordecai D. Lewis 
 
 1848 
 
 1861 
 
 12 ys and 1 mo. (died). 
 
 William Riddle 
 
 1849 
 
 
 
 John >L Whitall 
 
 1851 
 
 1867 
 
 16 years and 3 months. 
 
 Alexander J. Derbyshire 
 
 1855 
 
 
 
 Samuel Mason 
 
 1855 
 
 
 
 S. Morris Wain 
 
 1855 
 
 1870 
 
 15 y's and 3 mo's (d'd). 
 
 Samuel Welsh 
 
 1856 
 
 
 
 Joseph S. Lewis 
 
 1856 
 
 1857 
 
 1 year and 8 months. 
 
 Wistar Morris 
 
 185Y 
 
 
 
 Caleb Cope 
 
 1861 
 
 1868 
 
 7 3'ears and 5 months. 
 
 Adolph E. Rorie 
 
 1864 
 
 1868 
 
 4 years and 3 months. 
 
 Jacob P. Jones 
 
 1866 
 
 
 
 Renjamin H. Shoemaker 
 
 1867 
 
 
 
 Alexander Riddle 
 
 1868 
 
 
 
 Edward Y. Townsend 
 
 1868 
 
 1869 
 
 5 months. 
 
 Joseph R. Townsend 
 
 1869 
 
 
 
 Joseph C. Turnpenny 
 
 1870 
 
 
 
 John J. Thompson 
 
 1872 
 
 1875 
 
 2y'sandllmo's(died). 
 
 T. Wistar Rrowu 
 
 1872 
 
 
 
 Henry Haines 
 
 1875 
 
 
 
 Of the above, the following were the successive Presidents of 
 
 the Roard: — 
 
 
 
 Years. 
 
 
 1. 
 
 Joshua Crosbj^ 
 
 4 
 
 9 
 
 2. 
 
 Renjamin Franklin 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 3. 
 
 John Re3'nell 
 
 . 23 
 
 11 
 
 4. 
 
 Samuel Rhoads 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 
 5. 
 
 Peter Reeve . 
 
 5 
 
 13 
 
 6. 
 
 Samuel Howell 
 
 3 
 
 14 
 
 7. 
 
 Reynold Keen 
 
 . 1 
 
 15 
 
 8. 
 
 Josiah Hewes 
 
 22 
 
 
 Samuel Coates . 
 Thomas Stewardson 
 John Paul . 
 Mordecai Lewis . 
 Lawrence Lewis 
 Mordecai L. Dawson 
 William Riddle . 
 
 Years. 
 
 13 
 
 16 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 6^ 
 161
 
 93 
 
 Treasurers. 
 
 Elected. 
 
 Resigned. 
 
 Served the Institution. 
 
 John Reynell 
 
 nsi 
 
 1752 
 
 1 year. 
 
 Charles Norris 
 
 1752 
 
 1756 
 
 4 years. 
 
 Hugh Roberts 
 
 1756 
 
 1768 
 
 1 2 years. 
 
 Samuel P. Moore 
 
 1768 
 
 1769 
 
 1 year. 
 
 Thomas Wharton 
 
 1769 
 
 1772 
 
 3 years. 
 
 Joseph King 
 
 1772 
 
 1773 
 
 13 months (died). 
 
 Joseph Hilborn 
 
 1773 
 
 1780 
 
 7 years. 
 
 Mordecai Lewis 
 
 1780 
 
 1799 
 
 18y 's and 8 mo's (died). 
 
 Joseph S. Lewis 
 
 1799 
 
 1826 
 
 27 years. 
 
 Samuel N. Lewis 
 
 1826 
 
 1841 
 
 14 y 'sand 2 mo's (died). 
 
 John T. Lewis 
 
 1841 
 

 
 94 
 
 II. 
 
 MEDICAL OFFICERS. 
 
 The follotoing are the names of the gentlemen who have served the Insti- 
 tution as Physicians and Surgeons, in the order of their appointment ; 
 together with the date of their resignation or death, and their respective 
 periods of service. 
 
 Pliysieian? and Surgeons, 
 
 Elected. 
 
 Resigned. 
 
 Lloyd Zachary 
 
 1751 
 
 1753 
 
 Thomas Bond 
 
 1751 
 
 1784 
 
 Phineas Bond 
 
 1751 
 
 1773 
 
 Thomas Cadwalader 
 
 1751 
 
 1777 
 
 Samuel Preston Moore 
 
 1751 
 
 1759 
 
 John Redman 
 
 1751 
 
 1780 
 
 William Shippen 
 
 1753 
 
 1778 
 
 Cadwalader Evans 
 
 1759 
 
 1773 
 
 John Morgan 
 
 (1173 
 
 ^778 
 
 1777| 
 1783) 
 
 Charles Moore 
 
 "1773 
 
 1774 
 
 Adam Kuhn 
 
 (1774 
 
 (1782 
 
 1781] 
 
 1798) 
 
 Thomas Parke 
 
 1777 
 
 1823 
 
 James Hutchinson 
 
 (1777 
 (1779 
 
 1778) 
 1793; 
 
 William Shippen, Jr. 
 
 fl778 
 (1791 
 
 1779) 
 1802] 
 
 John Jones 
 
 1780 
 
 1791 
 
 Benjamin Rush 
 
 1783 
 
 1813 
 
 John Fonlke 
 
 1784 
 
 1794 
 
 Caspar Wistar 
 
 1793. 
 
 1810 
 
 Philip S\'ng Ph3-sick 
 
 1794 
 
 1816 
 
 Benjamin Smitii Barton 
 
 1798 
 
 1815 
 
 John Redman Coxe 
 
 1802 
 
 1807 
 
 Thomas C. James 
 
 1807 
 
 1832 
 
 John Syng Dorsey 
 
 1810 
 
 1818 
 
 Joseph Hartshorne 
 
 1810 
 
 1821 
 
 John C. Otto 
 
 1813 
 
 1835 
 
 Samuel Colhoun 
 
 1816 
 
 1821 
 
 Joseph Parrish 
 
 1816 
 
 1829 
 
 Served the Institution. 
 
 I year and 5 months. 
 32 years and 6 months 
 
 21 y's and S mo's (died). 
 25 years and 6 months. 
 
 7 years and 6 months. 
 
 28 3^ears and 6 months. 
 25 years and 2 months. 
 
 14 y's and 1 mo. (died). 
 
 8 years and 1 1 months. 
 
 10 months. 
 
 22 years and 6 months. 
 45 years and 9 months. 
 
 15 years (died). 
 
 II jf'rs and 11 months. 
 
 11 y's and 1 mo. (died). 
 
 29 3^ears and 10 months 
 
 10 years. [(died). 
 
 16 years and 5 months. 
 22 years and 1 month. 
 
 17 years and 10 months. 
 
 4 years and 9 months. 
 25 y'rs and 10 months. 
 8 y'rs and 6 mo's (died). 
 
 11 years and 2 months. 
 22 years and 4 months. 
 
 5 years. 
 
 12 years and 8 months.
 
 95 
 
 Physicians and Surgeons. 
 
 Elected. Resigned 
 
 Served the Institution. 
 
 Thomas T. Hewson 
 John Moore 
 William Price 
 John Wilson Moore 
 Samuel Emlen 
 John Rhea Barton 
 John K. Mitchell 
 Benjamin H. Coates 
 Thomas Harris 
 Charles Lukens 
 Hugh L. Hodge 
 William Rush 
 George B. Wood 
 Jacob Randolph 
 George W. Norris 
 Thomas Stewardson 
 Charles D. Meigs 
 Edward Peace 
 William Pepper 
 William W. Gerhard 
 George Fox 
 Joseph Carson 
 John Neill 
 Joseph Pancoast 
 James J. Levick 
 John Forsythe Meigs 
 Edward Hartshorne 
 Francis Gurney Smith 
 Addinell Hewson 
 William Hunt 
 Thomas Geo. Morton 
 Jacob M. DaCosta 
 D. Hayes Agnew 
 James H. Hutchinson 
 J. Aitken Meigs 
 Richard J. Levis 
 
 1818 
 1820 
 1821 
 1821 
 1823 
 1823 
 1827 
 1828 
 1829 
 1829 
 1832 
 1834 
 1835 
 1835 
 1836 
 1838 
 1838 
 1840 
 1842 
 1845 
 1848 
 1849 
 1852 
 1854 
 1856 
 1859 
 1859 
 1859 
 1861 
 1863 
 1863 
 1865 
 1865 
 1868 
 1868 
 1871 
 
 1835 
 1829 
 1828 
 
 1827 
 1828 
 1836 
 1834 
 1841 
 1840 
 1839 
 1854 
 1837 
 1859 
 1848 
 1863 
 1845 
 1849 
 1861 
 1858 
 1868 
 1854 
 1854 
 1859 
 1864 
 1868 
 
 1865 
 1864 
 
 1871 
 
 16 years and 5 months. 
 
 9 years. 
 
 I year and 10 months. 
 5 years and 3 mouths. 
 
 5 years (died). 
 
 13 years and 5 months. 
 
 7 years. 
 
 12 years and 9 months. 
 
 II years and 9 mouths. 
 
 10 years and 3 months. 
 21 years and 3 months. 
 
 3 years and 5 months. 
 23 years and 6 months. 
 12y'sandl0mo's(d'd). 
 27 years. 
 
 1 7 years. 
 
 ilO y'rs and 10 months. 
 |20 years and 1 month. 
 1 16 years and 7 months. 
 23 years. 
 
 6 years. 
 
 4 years and 10 months. 
 
 7 years and 1 month. 
 
 9 years and 1 1 months. 
 12 years and 5 mouths. 
 
 5 years and 9 mouths. 
 5 years and 7 months. 
 
 6 3'ears and 2 months.
 
 9G 
 
 MEDICAL APPRENTICES AND RESIDENT PHYSICIANS. 
 
 The Apprentices were Students of Medicine ivhen indentured to the Hos- 
 pital, and usually graduated before leaving it. 
 
 To. 
 
 Served. 
 
 Jacob Kluvnzoller 
 "William Gardner 
 Edward Cutbush 
 Samuel Cooper 
 Thomas Horsefield 
 George Lee 
 
 James Ilutchinson, Jr. 
 Joseph Hartshorne 
 Samuel C. Hopkins 
 Thomas Bryant, M.D. 
 Philip Thornton 
 Samuel Betton, M.D. 
 John Wilson Moore 
 Benjamin S. Jannej' 
 Wm. P. C. Barton, M.D. 
 Samuel Colhoun, M.D. 
 Theodore Benson 
 John Rhea Barton 
 William Price, M.D. 
 Benjamin H. Coates 
 Jason O'B. Lawrence,") 
 M.D. I 
 
 Warwick P. Miller 
 George Balfour 
 Thomas H. Ritchie 
 Re^-nell Coates 
 Thomas Flanner 
 Robert J. Clark, M.D. 
 Southey H. Satchell, M.D 
 Charles B. Jaudon, M.D. 
 
 1773 
 1786 
 1790 
 1792 
 1794 
 1798 
 1799 
 1801 
 1804 
 1806 
 1806 
 1808 
 1808 
 1808 
 1809 
 1809 
 1810 
 1813 
 1813 
 1814 
 
 1814 
 
 1815 
 1818 
 1819 
 1819 
 1819 
 1820 
 1823 
 1823 
 
 1778 
 1791 
 1794 
 1797 
 1799 
 1802 
 1804 
 1806 
 1808 
 1807 
 1808 
 1808 
 1813 
 1813 
 1809 
 1810 
 1813 
 1818 
 1814 
 1819 
 
 1815 
 
 1819 
 1819 
 1823 
 1823 
 1820 
 1821 
 1824 
 1824 
 
 3'ears. 
 5 3^ears. 
 
 4 years. 
 
 5 3'ears. 
 5 3'ears. 
 
 4 3-ears (died). 
 
 5 3'ears. 
 
 5 years. 
 
 4 3'ears. 
 
 1 3'ear. 
 
 1 3'ear and 9 months. 
 
 6 months, 
 
 5 3'ears. 
 5 years. 
 
 4 months. 
 1 3'ear. 
 
 3 3'ears (died). 
 
 5 3'ears. 
 1 year. 
 
 5 3'ears. 
 
 6 months. 
 
 4 3'ears (died). 
 9 mouths. 
 
 4 years. 
 4 years. 
 
 9 months. 
 I9 months. 
 1 year. 
 
 10 months. 
 
 The three last-named gentlemen served for unfinished terms of preceding 
 apprentices. From this time, it was resolved to elect graduates of medicine 
 only as
 
 97 
 
 RESIDENT PHYSICIANS. 
 
 Caspar Wistar 
 Caspar Morris 
 John Kodman Paul 
 Charles Mifflin 
 James A. Washington 
 George Fox 
 Ralph Hammersly 
 Thomas Stewardson, Jr. 
 George W. Norris 
 Mifflin Wistar 
 Thomas S. Kirkbride 
 William W. Gerhard 
 James A. McCrea 
 Josliua M. Wallace 
 Henry H. Smith 
 John F. Meigs 
 Alfred Stille 
 Anthony E. Stoeker 
 Edward Hartshorne 
 Moore Robinson 
 Samuel Hollingsworth 
 Ellerslie Wallace 
 Fitzwilliam Sargent 
 John D. Logan 
 Robert P. Harris 
 Henr^' Hartshorne 
 Wm. McKennan Morgan 
 Spencer Sergeant 
 Moreton Stille 
 James J. Levick 
 Francis W. Lewis 
 Wm. H. Gobrecht 
 William Hunt 
 Addinell Hewson 
 Ricliard A. F. Penrose 
 Thomas Hewson Baclie 
 James E. Rhoads 
 James Darrach 
 William S. Forbes 
 W. Rusli Dunton 
 Augustus Wilson 
 John H. Packard 
 Andrew Fleming 
 Douglass A. Hall 
 George H. Humphreys 
 1 
 
 From. 
 
 To. 
 
 Served. 
 
 1824 
 
 1826 
 
 2 3'ears. 
 
 1824 
 
 1827 
 
 2 years. 
 
 1825 
 
 1826 
 
 5 months. 
 
 1826 
 
 1828 
 
 2 years. 
 
 1827 
 
 1829 
 
 2 years. 
 
 1828 
 
 1830 
 
 2 3'ears. 
 
 1829 
 
 1830 
 
 1 y'r and 3 mo's (died). 
 
 1830 
 
 1832 
 
 2 3'ears. 
 
 1830 
 
 1833 
 
 3 years. 
 
 1832 
 
 1834 
 
 2 3'ears. 
 
 1833 
 
 1835 
 
 2 years. 
 
 1834 
 
 1836 
 
 2 years. 
 
 1835 
 
 1837 
 
 2 3'ears. 
 
 1836 
 
 1838 
 
 2 3^ears. 
 
 1837 
 
 1839 
 
 2 years. 
 
 1838 
 
 1840 
 
 2 years. 
 
 1839 
 
 1841 
 
 2 years. 
 
 1840 
 
 1842 
 
 2 years. 
 
 1841 
 
 1843 
 
 2 3'ears. (. 
 
 1842 
 
 1842 
 
 8 months (died). 
 
 1842 
 
 1843 
 
 5 months. 
 
 1843 
 
 1844 
 
 1 3^ear. 
 
 1843 
 
 1845 
 
 2 years. 
 
 1844 
 
 1846 
 
 2 years. 
 
 1845 
 
 1847 
 
 2 3'ears. 
 
 1846 
 
 1848 
 
 2 years. 
 
 1847 
 
 1848 
 
 1 year and 4 months. 
 
 1848 
 
 1850 
 
 2 3'ears. 
 
 1848 
 
 1849 
 
 8 months. 
 
 1849 
 
 1851 
 
 2 years and 3 months. 
 
 1849 
 
 1850 
 
 1 year. 
 
 1850 
 
 1851 
 
 1 year. 
 
 1850 
 
 1852 
 
 2 years. 
 
 1851 
 
 1852 
 
 1 3^ear and 6 months. 
 
 1851 
 
 1853 
 
 2 years. 
 
 1852 
 
 1853 
 
 1 year and 6 months. 
 
 1852 
 
 1854 
 
 1 3'ear and 4 mo)iths. 
 
 1853 
 
 1854 
 
 1 year and 6 months. 
 
 1853 
 
 1855 
 
 1 year and 6 months. 
 
 1854 
 
 1855 
 
 1 year and 8 months. 
 
 1854 
 
 1856 
 
 1 year and 6 months. 
 
 1855 
 
 1856 
 
 1 year and 6 months. 
 
 1855 
 
 1857 
 
 1 3'ear and 5 months. 
 
 1856 
 
 1857 
 
 1 year and 6 mouths. 
 
 .1856 
 
 1858 
 
 1 year and 6 months.
 
 98 
 
 TlioiiKis (jioo. Morion 
 Will. Leliinaii Wells 
 Albert H. Smith 
 James II. Hutchinson 
 It. Lenox Hodge 
 George Harlan 
 Thomas I). Reed 
 Edward Livezey 
 Charles A. MeC'all 
 Charles Carroll Lee 
 John Ashhurst 
 William F, Norris 
 William Savery 
 Joseph G. Richardson 
 Horatio C. Wood, Jr. 
 William Elmer, Jr. 
 James Tyson 
 Thomas Wistar 
 Edward Rhoads 
 T. Hollingsw'th Andrews 
 • AVilliam Pepper, Jr. 
 Horace Williams 
 Theodore Herbert 
 Horace Binney Hare 
 James Markoe 
 Herbert Xorris 
 Henry Chapman 
 Elliot Richardson 
 Charles M. Ritz 
 Charles T. Hunter 
 Arthur Yan Harlingen 
 Morris Longstreth 
 James C. Wilson 
 Robert H. Alison 
 George S. Gerhard 
 Daniel Bray 
 William C. Cox 
 Arthur Y. Meigs 
 Ewing Jordan 
 Frank Woodbury 
 Edward W. Jameson 
 J. Aubrey Lippincott 
 Morris J. Lewis 
 T. Hewson Bradford 
 John B. Roberts 
 Wm. Barton Hopkins 
 M. Frank Kirkbride 
 
 Prom. 
 
 To 
 
 Served. 
 
 1857 
 
 1858 
 
 1 3'ear and 4 months. 
 
 1857 
 
 1857 
 
 2 months. 
 
 1857 
 
 1859 
 
 1 year and 4 months. 
 
 1858 
 
 1859 
 
 1 3'ear and 6 mouths. 
 
 1858 
 
 1860 
 
 1 year and 9 months. 
 
 1859 
 
 1860 
 
 1 year and 6 months. 
 
 1859 
 
 1861 
 
 1 year and 6 months. 
 
 1859 
 
 1861 
 
 1 3'ear and 6 months. 
 
 1860 
 
 1861 
 
 9 months. 
 
 1861 
 
 1862 
 
 1 3-ear and 6 months. 
 
 1861 
 
 1862 
 
 9 months. 
 
 1861 
 
 1863 
 
 1 year and months. 
 
 1862 
 
 1863 
 
 1 3'ear and 6 months. 
 
 1862 
 
 1863 
 
 9 months. 
 
 1863 
 
 1864 
 
 11 months. 
 
 1864 
 
 1864 
 
 7 months. 
 
 1863 
 
 1864 
 
 8 months. 
 
 1863 
 
 1864 
 
 1 3'ear and 6 months. 
 
 1864 
 
 1865 
 
 1 3'ear and 6 months. 
 
 1864 
 
 1866 
 
 1 3'ear and 6 months. 
 
 1865 
 
 1866 
 
 1 year and 6 months. 
 
 1865 
 
 1867 
 
 1 year and 6 months. 
 
 1866 
 
 1867 
 
 1 3'ear and 1 month. 
 
 1866 
 
 1867 
 
 9 months. 
 
 1867 
 
 1868 
 
 1 3'ear and 6 months. 
 
 1867 
 
 1868 
 
 1 3'^ear and 5 months. 
 
 1867 
 
 1869 
 
 2 \'ears. 
 
 1868 
 
 1870 
 
 1 year and 6 months. 
 
 1868 
 
 1869 
 
 1 year. 
 
 1869 
 
 1870 
 
 1 year. 
 
 1869 
 
 1871 
 
 1 3'ear and 6 months. 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1 3'ear and 6 months. 
 
 1870 
 
 1871 
 
 1 year. 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 1 3'ear and 6 months. 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 10 months. 
 
 1871 
 
 1872 
 
 6 months. 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 1 3'ear and 6 months. 
 
 1872 
 
 1874 
 
 1 year and 6 months. 
 
 1872 
 
 1873 
 
 7 months. 
 
 1873 
 
 1874 
 
 1 year. 
 
 1873 
 
 1875 
 
 1 3'ear and 4 months. 
 
 1873 
 
 1875 
 
 1 3'ear and 6 months. 
 
 1874 
 
 1875 
 
 1 3'ear and 6 months. 
 
 1875 
 
 1876 
 
 1 year and 8 months. 
 
 1875 
 
 
 
 1875 
 
 
 
 1876 
 

 
 99 
 
 APOTHECARIES. 
 
 
 From. 
 
 To. 
 
 Served. 
 
 Joirathan Roberts 
 
 1152 
 
 1155 
 
 2 years and 4 months. 
 
 John Morgan 
 
 1155 
 
 1156 
 
 1 3'ear and 1 month. 
 
 John Bond 
 
 1156 
 
 1158 
 
 2 years. 
 
 James A. Bayard 
 
 1158 
 
 1159 
 
 1 year. 
 
 John Davis 
 
 1161 
 
 1168 
 
 1 months. 
 
 William Smith 
 
 1110 
 
 1113 
 
 2 years and 10 months. 
 
 Thomas Boulter 
 
 1113 
 
 1113 
 
 2 months. 
 
 James Hutchinson 
 
 1113 
 
 1115 
 
 2 years and 1 month. 
 
 James Dunlap 
 
 1115 
 
 1116 
 
 1 year. 
 
 Peter Yarnall 
 
 1180 
 
 1181 
 
 1 year and 5 months. 
 
 Gustavus F. Kielman 
 
 1181 
 
 1182 
 
 1 year and 4 morrths. 
 
 James Hartley 
 
 1182 
 
 1184 
 
 1 3-ear and 3 months. 
 
 *Nrcholas B, Waters 
 
 1184 
 
 1181 
 
 3 years and 1 nronth. 
 
 Graham Hoskins 
 
 1821 
 
 1823 
 
 2 3^ears. 
 
 Robert Harris 
 
 1823 
 
 1824 
 
 10 months. 
 
 Samuel C. Sheppard 
 
 1824 
 
 1825 
 
 1 3^ear and 2 months. 
 
 Newberry Smith, Jr-. 
 
 1825 
 
 1829 
 
 4 years. 
 
 Franklin R. Smith 
 
 1829 
 
 1831 
 
 2 years. 
 
 John Conrad 
 
 1831 
 
 1810 
 
 39 3^ears. 
 
 Jacob K. Hecker 
 
 1810 
 
 1814 
 
 4 years and 2 months. 
 
 Jacob K. Hecker 
 
 1816 
 
 
 
 Charles Wirgman 
 
 1814 
 
 1816 
 
 2 years and 3 months. 
 
 * From 1787 to 1821, the duties of the Apothecary were performed by the Medical 
 Apprentices.
 
 100 
 
 111. 
 
 STEWARDS AND MATRONS OF THE HOSPITAL. 
 
 Stewards. 
 
 From. 
 
 To. 
 
 Served 
 
 Matthew Taylor 
 
 1758 
 
 1759 
 
 1 year. 
 
 *(ieoroe AVeed 
 
 17<)0 
 
 1767 
 
 7 years and 3 months. 
 
 * Robert Sladc 
 
 17G8 
 
 1769 
 
 1 y'r and 2 mo's (died). 
 
 John Saxtou 
 
 1773 
 
 1776 
 
 3 years. 
 
 *John Story 
 
 1776 
 
 1780 
 
 4 years. 
 
 Joseph Henszey 
 
 1780 
 
 1796 
 
 16 years. 
 
 
 n79G 
 
 1803) 
 
 12 years and 3 months 
 
 Francis Iliggins 
 
 ■^1808 
 
 1813J 
 
 (died). 
 
 William Johnston 
 
 1803 
 
 1808 
 
 4 years and 8 months. 
 
 Samuel Mason 
 
 1813 
 
 1826 
 
 13 years. 
 
 Isaac Bonsall 
 
 1826 
 
 1830 
 
 4 years and 6 months. 
 
 Allen Clapp 
 
 1830 
 
 1849 
 
 18 years and 9 months. 
 
 William G. Malin 
 
 1849 
 
 
 
 Matrons. 
 
 From. 
 
 To. 
 
 Served. 
 
 f Elizabeth Gardner 
 
 1751 
 
 1760 
 
 9 years. 
 
 Esther Weed 
 
 1760 
 
 1767 
 
 6 y 'rs and 8 mo's (died). 
 
 fMary Ball 
 
 1767 
 
 1768 
 
 1 3^ear and 5 months. 
 
 |Sarah Harlan 
 
 1768 
 
 1772 
 
 4y'rsand5mo's (died). 
 
 Sophia Saxton 
 
 1773 
 
 1776 
 
 3 years. 
 
 Marj' Stor}' 
 
 1776 
 
 1780 
 
 4 3"ears. 
 
 Deborah Henszey 
 
 1780 
 
 1790 
 
 10 years and 3 months 
 
 Mary Falconer 
 
 1790 
 
 1795 
 
 5 years. [(died). 
 
 Ann Henszej'^ 
 
 1795 
 
 1796 
 
 9 months. 
 
 Hannah Higgins 
 
 (1796 
 
 (1808 
 
 1803) 
 1813J 
 
 12 years and 3 months. 
 
 Abigail Johnston 
 
 1803 
 
 1808 
 
 4 years and 8 months. 
 
 ]\lar3' Mason 
 
 1813 
 
 1826 
 
 13 years. 
 
 Ann Bonsall 
 
 1826 
 
 1830 
 
 4y'rsand3mo's (died). 
 
 Margaret Clapp 
 
 1830 
 
 1835 
 
 4y'rsand5mo's (died). 
 
 Margaret Robinson 
 
 1835 
 
 1835 
 
 4 months. 
 
 Elizabeth Clapp 
 
 1835 
 
 1842 
 
 6 years and 10 months. 
 
 Elizabeth Hooton 
 
 1842 
 
 1848 
 
 6 years. 
 
 Harriet P. Smith 
 
 1848 
 
 1853 
 
 5 years and 4 months. 
 
 Mary D. Sharpless 
 
 1853 
 
 1876 
 
 23 years. 
 
 Anna M. Morris 
 
 1876 
 
 
 
 * These also acted as Apothecaries. 
 f These ladies acted also as Stewards.
 
 101 
 
 lY. 
 
 The following table exhihits the number of pay and poor patients, and 
 the total number admitted into the Pennsylvania Hospital in the City, 
 and the average number maintained during each year from its foun- 
 dation to 4th mo. {April) 22, 1876. 
 
 Admitted from yp„- 
 Feb. lUh, 1752, Z'^'c, 
 to end of April, 1703 
 
 Pay. 
 24 
 
 Poor. 
 
 40 
 
 Total. 
 
 64 
 
 Average, 
 
 9 
 
 1754 
 
 14 
 
 39 
 
 53 
 
 12 
 
 1755 
 
 13 
 
 60 
 
 73 
 
 17 
 
 1756 
 
 7 
 
 61 
 
 78 
 
 17 
 
 1757 
 
 13 
 
 68 
 
 81 
 
 17 
 
 1758 
 
 29 
 
 85 
 
 114 
 
 33 
 
 1759 
 
 25 
 
 102 
 
 127 
 
 34 
 
 1760 
 
 32 
 
 105 
 
 137 
 
 40 
 
 1761 
 
 40 
 
 113 
 
 153 
 
 45 
 
 1762 
 
 29 
 
 128 
 
 157 
 
 47 
 
 1703 
 
 46 
 
 194 
 
 240 
 
 73 
 
 1764 
 
 50 
 
 272 
 
 322 
 
 101 
 
 1765 
 
 45 
 
 261 
 
 306 
 
 111 
 
 1766 
 
 56 
 
 283 
 
 339 
 
 119 
 
 1767 
 
 38 
 
 307 
 
 345 
 
 120 
 
 1768 
 
 54 
 
 337 
 
 391 
 
 123 
 
 1769 
 
 32 
 
 353 
 
 3S5 
 
 110 
 
 1770 
 
 49 
 
 336 
 
 385 
 
 113 
 
 1771 
 
 44 
 
 338 
 
 382 
 
 118 
 
 1772 
 
 44 
 
 349 
 
 393 
 
 117 
 
 1773 
 
 46 
 
 315 
 
 361 
 
 105 
 
 1774 
 
 63 
 
 374 
 
 437 
 
 117 
 
 1775 
 
 60 
 
 361 
 
 421 
 
 105 
 
 1776 
 
 42 
 
 393 
 
 435 
 
 89 
 
 1777 
 
 109 
 
 268 
 
 377 
 
 67 
 
 1778 
 
 31 
 
 96 
 
 127 
 
 39 
 
 1779 
 
 16 
 
 107 
 
 123 
 
 36 
 
 1780 
 
 10 
 
 118 
 
 128 
 
 35 
 
 1781 
 
 18 
 
 103 
 
 121 
 
 35 
 
 1782 
 
 69 
 
 42 
 
 111 
 
 36 
 
 1783 
 
 83 
 
 23 
 
 106 
 
 37 
 
 1784 
 
 156 
 
 47 
 
 203 
 
 61 
 
 1785 
 
 133 
 
 35 
 
 168 
 
 51 
 
 1786 
 
 113 
 
 25 
 
 138 
 
 51 
 
 1787 
 
 108 
 
 30 
 
 138 
 
 54
 
 102 
 
 Year. 
 
 Pay. 
 
 Poor. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Avernge. 
 
 17S8 
 
 78 
 
 32 
 
 110 
 
 54 
 
 1789 
 
 49 
 
 28 
 
 77 
 
 47 
 
 UOO 
 
 51 
 
 27 
 
 78 
 
 46 
 
 1791 
 
 73 
 
 32 
 
 105 
 
 52 
 
 1792 
 
 107 
 
 72 
 
 179 
 
 64 
 
 1793 
 
 87 
 
 63 
 
 150 
 
 63 
 
 1794 
 
 170 
 
 78 
 
 248 
 
 71 
 
 1795 
 
 107 
 
 67 
 
 174 
 
 72 
 
 1796 
 
 113 
 
 103 
 
 216 
 
 69 
 
 1797 
 
 114 
 
 89 
 
 203 
 
 75 
 
 1798 
 
 101 
 
 71 
 
 172 
 
 78 
 
 1799 
 
 60 
 
 66 
 
 126 
 
 74 
 
 1800 
 
 80 
 
 96 
 
 176 
 
 78 
 
 1801 
 
 106 
 
 70 
 
 176 
 
 85 
 
 1802 
 
 176 
 
 73 
 
 249 
 
 87 
 
 1803 
 
 217 
 
 87 
 
 304 
 
 114 
 
 1804 
 
 214 
 
 88 
 
 302 
 
 113 
 
 1805 
 
 231 
 
 89 
 
 320 
 
 103 
 
 1806 
 
 241 
 
 98 
 
 339 
 
 109 
 
 1807 
 
 338 
 
 115 
 
 453 
 
 129 
 
 1808 
 
 288 
 
 121 
 
 409 
 
 122 
 
 1809 
 
 419 
 
 141 
 
 560 
 
 158 
 
 1810 
 
 216 
 
 152 
 
 368 
 
 127 
 
 1811 
 
 281 
 
 171 
 
 452 
 
 138 
 
 1812 
 
 373 
 
 172 
 
 545 
 
 150 
 
 1813 
 
 376 
 
 145 
 
 521 
 
 161 
 
 1814 
 
 307 
 
 140 
 
 447 
 
 163 
 
 1815 
 
 235 
 
 159 
 
 394 
 
 147 
 
 1816 
 
 500 
 
 181 
 
 681 
 
 178 
 
 1817 
 
 483 
 
 201 
 
 684 
 
 200 
 
 1818 
 
 468 
 
 170 
 
 638 
 
 199 
 
 1819 
 
 474 
 
 243 
 
 717 
 
 214 
 
 1820 
 
 457 
 
 292 
 
 749 
 
 226 
 
 1821 
 
 414 
 
 286 
 
 700 
 
 20S 
 
 1822 
 
 300 
 
 244 
 
 544 
 
 158 
 
 1823 
 
 346 
 
 842 
 
 688 
 
 170 
 
 1824 
 
 363 
 
 384 
 
 747 
 
 178 
 
 1825 
 
 353 
 
 391 
 
 744 
 
 177 
 
 1826 
 
 368 
 
 362 
 
 730 
 
 175 
 
 1827 
 
 416 
 
 383 
 
 809 
 
 183 
 
 1828 
 
 427 
 
 460 
 
 887 
 
 202 
 
 1829 
 
 492 
 
 658 
 
 1150 
 
 219 
 
 1830 
 
 455 
 
 675 
 
 1130 
 
 225 
 
 1831 
 
 506 
 
 616 
 
 1112 
 
 233 
 
 1832 
 
 552 
 
 587 
 
 1139 
 
 249 
 
 1S33 
 
 455 
 
 587 
 
 1042 
 
 232 
 
 1834 
 
 394 
 
 589 
 
 983 
 
 228 
 
 1835 
 
 345 
 
 644 
 
 989 
 
 236
 
 103 
 
 Year. 
 
 Pay. 
 
 Poor. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Average 
 
 1836 
 
 390 
 
 615 
 
 1005 
 
 227 
 
 1837 
 
 382 
 
 592 
 
 974 
 
 213 
 
 1838 
 
 382 
 
 655 
 
 1037 
 
 202 
 
 1839 
 
 333 
 
 038 
 
 971 
 
 210 
 
 1840 
 
 290 
 
 660 
 
 950 
 
 215 
 
 1841 
 
 328 
 
 571 
 
 899 
 
 196 
 
 1842 
 
 321 
 
 503 
 
 824 
 
 106* 
 
 1843 
 
 328 
 
 577 
 
 805 
 
 93 
 
 1844 
 
 271 
 
 667 
 
 938 
 
 101 
 
 1845 
 
 267 
 
 688 
 
 955 
 
 102 
 
 1846 
 
 265 
 
 808 
 
 1073 
 
 114 
 
 1847 
 
 335 
 
 942 
 
 1277 
 
 127 
 
 1848 
 
 478 
 
 1068 
 
 1546 
 
 142 
 
 1849 
 
 526 
 
 1126 
 
 1652 
 
 148 
 
 1850 
 
 565 
 
 1250 
 
 1815 
 
 159 
 
 1851 
 
 467 
 
 1298 
 
 1765 
 
 158 
 
 1852 
 
 506 
 
 1140 
 
 1646 
 
 144 
 
 1853 
 
 543 
 
 1164 
 
 1707 
 
 162 
 
 1854 
 
 591 
 
 1240 
 
 1831 
 
 174 
 
 1855 
 
 621 
 
 1275 
 
 1896 
 
 178 
 
 1856 
 
 560 
 
 1154 
 
 1714 
 
 158 
 
 1857 
 
 614 
 
 1066 
 
 1680 
 
 159 
 
 1858 
 
 630 
 
 1126 
 
 1656 
 
 162 
 
 1859 
 
 511 
 
 1147 
 
 1658 
 
 164 
 
 i860 
 
 623 
 
 1173 
 
 1796 
 
 172 
 
 1861 
 
 651 
 
 1191 
 
 1842 
 
 180 
 
 1862 
 
 530 
 
 1148 
 
 1678 
 
 166 
 
 1863 
 
 606 
 
 1004 
 
 1610 
 
 183 
 
 1864 
 
 453 
 
 1287 
 
 1740 
 
 155 
 
 1865 
 
 441 
 
 1397 
 
 1838 
 
 157 
 
 1866 
 
 491 
 
 1509 
 
 2000 
 
 167 
 
 1867 
 
 435 
 
 1338 
 
 1773 
 
 170 
 
 1868 
 
 421 
 
 1366 
 
 1787 
 
 168 
 
 1869 
 
 416 
 
 1532 
 
 1948 
 
 160 
 
 1870 
 
 338 
 
 1410 
 
 1748 
 
 153 
 
 1871 
 
 329 
 
 1G05 
 
 1934 
 
 170 
 
 1872 
 
 406 
 
 1599 
 
 2005 
 
 176 
 
 1873 
 
 441 
 
 1563 
 
 2004 
 
 155 
 
 1874 
 
 459 
 
 1328 
 
 1787 
 
 146 
 
 1875 
 
 488 
 
 1328 
 
 1816 
 
 162 
 
 1876 
 
 368 
 
 1270 
 
 1638 
 
 159 
 
 * This reduction in the average population of the Hospital was caused by the re- 
 moval, in 1841, of more than 90 insane patients (mostly permanent boarderc) to the 
 Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane.
 
 101 
 
 Since the estal)lisliincnt of tlie llospitul in 1752, tliore 
 admittoil into it 95,84S patients, of \vl\om 62,357 have 
 persons, supported at the expense of the Institution. 
 95,848 patients tliere have been 
 
 Cured ....... 
 
 Relieved ...... 
 
 Discharged without material improvement 
 
 Discharged for misconduct or eloped 
 
 Pregnant women safely delivered 
 
 Infants born in the Hospital and discharged in health 
 
 Died 
 
 Remaining Fourth month 22d, 1876 
 
 liavc been 
 
 been poor 
 
 Of these 
 
 61,880 
 12,849 
 7,295 
 2,105 
 1,335 
 1,255 
 8,974 
 
 95,693 
 155 
 
 95,848 
 
 In addition to those above enumerated, 15,258 persons were 
 attended as out-patients, and furnished with medicine at the expense 
 of the Hospital. This was done during the years 1797 to 1817, 
 when, in consequence of the establishment of institutions having this 
 special object, the dispensary practice of the Hospital was discon- 
 tinued. The out-door department was resumed 11th mo. 1st, 1872, 
 and from that date to 5th mo. 2d, 1876, 9327 were admitted — thus 
 making altogether 24,585 patients treated in this department.
 
 105 
 
 Y. 
 
 OFFICERS OF THE INSTITUTION. 
 
 ELECTED BY THE CONTRIBUTORS. 
 
 At the 125th Annual Meeting of this Corporation, hehl 5th 
 month 1st, 1816, the foUoAving Contributors were elected for the 
 ensuing year: — 
 
 MANAGERS. 
 
 WILLIAM BIDDLE, BENJAMIN H. SHOEi\tAKER, 
 
 ALEX. J. DERBYSHIRE, ALEXANDER BIDDLE. 
 
 SAMUEL MASON, JOSEPH B. TOWNSEND, 
 
 SA^IUEL WELSH, JOSEPH C. TURNPENNY, 
 
 WISTAR MORRIS, T. WISTAR BROWN, 
 
 JACOB P. JONES, HENRY HAINES. 
 
 TREASURER. 
 
 JOHN T. LEWIS. 
 
 APPOINTED BY THE MANAGERS. 
 
 HOSPITAL OX PINE STREET. 
 
 STEWARD, William G. Malin. 
 
 MATRON, 
 
 ASSISTANT MATRON, Fannie G. Irwin. 
 
 CLERK, LIBRARIAN, AND ASSISTANT STEWARD, 
 
 Jonathan Richards. 
 
 APOTHECARY, Charles Wirgman. 
 
 PHYSICIANS. 
 JOHN FORSYTH MEIGS, M.D., JAMES H. HUTCHINSON, M.D., 
 
 JACOB M. DA COSTA, M.D , J. AITKEN MEIGS, M.D. 
 
 SURGEONS. 
 ADDINELL HEWSON, M.D., THOS. GEORGE MORTON, M.D., 
 
 AVILLIAM HUNT, M.D., RICHARD J. LEVIS, M.D. 
 
 RESIDENT PHYSICIANS. 
 
 T. HEWSON BRADFORD, M.D., WM. BARTON HOPKINS, M.D., 
 
 JOHN B. ROBERTS, M.D. 
 
 PATHOLOGIST AND CUR.VTOR, Mouuis Longstreth, :\LD. 
 
 PATHOLOGICAL CHEMIST, Horace Binney Hare, M.D. 
 
 MICROSCOPIST, Joseph G. Richardson, M.D. 
 
 OUT-PATIENT DEPARTMENT. 
 
 PHYSICIANS. 
 
 MORRIS LONGSTRETH, M.D., JOSEPH G. RICHARDSON, M.D., 
 
 JOSEPH J. KIRKBRIDE, M.D. 
 
 SURGEONS. 
 CHARLES HUNTER, M.D., ELLIOTT RICHARDSON, M.D., 
 
 THOMAS H. ANDREWS, M D., WILLIAM ASHBRIDGE, M.D.
 
 lOG 
 
 YI. 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 
 
 The Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane (situated in West Phil- 
 adelphia) was opened for the reception of patients on the 1st day of 
 the year 1841, since which time there have been admitted into it — 
 
 Males. Females. Pay. Free. Total. 
 
 3831 3336 5635 1532 71G7 
 
 Of the whole number admitted have been discliarged — 
 
 Cured 3324 
 
 Much improved ..... ) ,p„^ 
 
 T J r lb ti 
 
 Improved ...... ) 
 
 Stationary ....... 853 
 
 Died 894 
 
 6748 
 Remain under treatment . . . . 419 
 
 Total, 7167 
 
 The following table exhil)its the gradual increase in number of 
 insane patients in the Hospital, being the number under care at the 
 close of each official year since it was opened. 
 
 At the close of the year 
 ending 4th mo. 24, 
 
 
 
 
 
 Average number 
 
 
 
 
 
 during the year. 
 
 1841 th 
 
 ere were 
 
 97 p 
 
 atients. 
 
 
 1842 
 
 " 
 
 109 
 
 " 
 
 106 
 
 1843 
 
 i< 
 
 135 
 
 11 
 
 120 
 
 1844 
 
 " 
 
 147 
 
 " 
 
 138 
 
 1845 
 
 " 
 
 158 
 
 (( 
 
 154 
 
 1846 
 
 i< 
 
 180 
 
 (1 
 
 169 
 
 1847 
 
 " 
 
 188 
 
 (1 
 
 172 
 
 1848 
 
 (1 
 
 202 
 
 " 
 
 192 
 
 1849 
 
 i( 
 
 208 
 
 (( 
 
 202 
 
 1850 
 
 *' 
 
 230 
 
 " 
 
 210 
 
 1851 
 
 (( 
 
 230 
 
 1 1 
 
 216 
 
 1852 
 
 <( 
 
 227 
 
 (< 
 
 226 
 
 1853 
 
 i( 
 
 226 
 
 " 
 
 223 
 
 1854 
 
 (( 
 
 229 
 
 (1 
 
 232 
 
 1855 
 
 " 
 
 236 
 
 (1 
 
 228 
 
 1856 
 
 (( 
 
 230 
 
 " 
 
 234 
 
 1857 
 
 (( 
 
 243 
 
 II 
 
 234
 
 107 
 
 At the close of the year 
 ending 4th mo. 24, 
 
 ]858 there were 235 patients. 
 
 1859 
 
 252 
 
 1860 
 
 264 
 
 1861 
 
 277 
 
 1862 
 
 2(;5 
 
 1863 
 
 272 
 
 1864 
 
 290 
 
 1865 
 
 297 
 
 1866 
 
 319 
 
 1867 
 
 336 
 
 1868 
 
 361 
 
 1869 
 
 337 
 
 1870 
 
 331 
 
 1871 
 
 35 G 
 
 1872 
 
 398 
 
 1873 
 
 391 
 
 1874 
 
 426 
 
 1875 
 
 434 
 
 1876 
 
 427 
 
 Average number 
 during tlie year. 
 
 237 
 239 
 256 
 276 
 27 2 
 273 
 286 
 288 
 305 
 311 
 349 
 346 
 326 
 352 
 o85 
 404 
 412 
 424 
 433 
 
 The total number of patients treated for insanity in both branches 
 of the Pennsylvania Hospital since its foundation in 1752 is 11,507.
 
 108 
 
 PHYSICIAN-IX-CIIIEF AND SUPERINTENDENT, 
 
 Ok. THOMAS S. KIRIvBRIDE (Elected 1840). 
 
 ASSISTANT PHYSICIANS. 
 
 1 From. 
 
 To. 
 
 Dr. Edwai'il Ilartshonie 
 
 1840 
 
 1841 
 
 3 mouths. 
 
 " Francis Guriiey Smith 
 
 1841 
 
 1841 
 
 9 months. 
 
 " l\ol)crt A. Given 
 
 1842 
 
 1844 
 
 2 years and 4 months. 
 
 " John Curwen 
 
 1844 
 
 1849 
 
 5 years and 4 months. 
 
 " Thomas J. ^lendenhall 
 
 1849 
 
 1851 
 
 1 year and 4 months. 
 
 " J. Edwards Lee 
 
 n851 
 
 tl862 
 
 1856| 
 1868i 
 
 11 years and 7 months. 
 
 " Edward A. Smith 
 
 1856 
 
 1862 
 
 6 years and 1 month. 
 
 " William P. Moon 
 
 1868 
 
 
 
 " Rob'i J. Iless, MAss't 
 
 1875 
 
 
 
 MALE DKPARTMEXT. 
 
 
 
 
 Dr. S. Preston Jones, 1st As't 
 
 1859 
 
 
 
 2d Assistants. 
 
 
 
 
 Dr. "William Longshore 
 
 1860 
 
 1862 
 
 1 year and 7 months. 
 
 " James Hall 
 
 1863 
 
 1863 
 
 6 months. 
 
 " Daniel Beitler 
 
 1864 
 
 1867 
 
 3 years and 2 months. 
 
 " John T Wilson 
 
 1867 
 
 1868 
 
 1 year and 2 months. 
 
 " J. Roe Bradner 
 
 1869 
 
 1871 
 
 2 years and 5 months. 
 
 " William n. Bartles 
 
 1871 
 
 
 
 " Frank G. Corson Jd As't 
 
 1875 
 
 
 
 STEWARDS AND MATRONS OF THE HOSPITAL FOR THE 
 
 INSANE. 
 
 Stewards. 
 
 From. 
 
 To. 
 
 Served. 
 
 William G. Malin 
 
 1840 
 
 1849 
 
 8 years and 8 months. 
 
 Jonathan Richards 
 
 (1849 
 11859 
 
 1853> 
 1869] 
 
 14 years and 2 months. 
 
 John Wistar 
 
 1853 
 
 1866 
 
 13 years. 
 
 Joshua P. Edge 
 
 1866 
 
 1873 
 
 6 years and 2 months. 
 
 Joseph Jones 
 
 1870 
 
 
 
 George Jones 
 
 1873 
 
 
 
 Matrons. 
 
 
 
 
 Mary D. Sharpless 
 
 1840 
 
 1849 
 
 8 years and 6 months. 
 
 Margaret C. Richards 
 
 (1849 
 (1859 
 
 1853) 
 1865)' 
 
 9 years and 9 months. 
 
 Margaret N. Wistar 
 
 1853 
 
 1866 
 
 13 vears. 
 
 Harriet P. Smith 
 
 1865 
 
 1870 
 
 5 years. 
 
 Jane Mitchell 
 
 1866 
 
 1867 
 
 1 year and 1 month. 
 
 Anne Jones 
 
 1870 
 

 
 109 
 
 YII. 
 OFFICERS OF THE IKSTITUTI0:N^ 
 
 FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INSANE. 
 
 MANAGERS. 
 
 William Biddle, President. Jacob P. Jones, 
 
 Benj. H. Shoemaker, Secretary. Alexander Biddle, 
 A. J. Derbyshire, Joseph B. Townsend, 
 
 Samuel Mason, Joseph C. Turnpenny, 
 
 Samuel Welsh, T. Wistar Brown, 
 
 Wistar Morris, Henry Haines. 
 
 TREASURER. 
 
 John T. Lewis. 
 
 PHYSICIAN IN CHIEF AND SUPERINTENDENT. 
 
 Thomas S. Kirkbride, M.D. 
 
 Department for Males. 
 
 ASSISTANT PHYSICIAN. 
 S. Preston Jones, M.D. 
 
 3d ASSISTANT PHYSICIAN. 
 Wm. H. Bartles, M.D, 
 
 3d ASSISTANT PHYSICIAN. 
 Frank F. Corson, M.D. 
 
 STEWARD. 
 
 Geokge Jones. 
 
 MATRON. 
 Hannah P. Sager. 
 
 Department for Females. 
 
 ASSISTANT PHYSICIAN. 
 William P. Moon, M.D. 
 
 2d ASSISTANT PHYSICIAN. 
 Robert J. Hess, M.D, 
 
 STEWARD. 
 Joseph Jones. 
 
 MATRON. 
 Anne Jones.
 
 110 
 
 YIIT. 
 LEGACIES 
 
 BEQUEATHED TO THE PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL 
 FROM 1751 TO 1876. 
 
 1761 Maiy Allen, mother of Chief Justice Allen $266 66 
 
 " Mary Andrews, ground rents valued at 633 33 
 
 " Margaret Ashetou 26 67 
 
 1765 Hannah Allen 26 67 
 
 1770 Robert Allison, Lancaster County 266 66 
 
 1775 Enoch Abrahams, Radnor 53 33 
 
 1776 Aaron Ashbridge 80 00 
 
 1777 Caleb Ash, butcher 31 33 
 1803 Caleb Ash 200 00 
 1812 Susanna P. Abington 250 00 
 1816 George Aston 400 00 
 1873 John Agnew 1425 00 
 
 B. 
 
 1761 
 
 John Baldwin 
 
 133 33 
 
 1765 
 
 William Bromwich 
 
 53 33 
 
 u 
 
 George Benzel 
 
 80 00 
 
 u 
 
 General Henry Bouquet 
 
 106 66 
 
 (( 
 
 Christopher Brown, Queen Ann's Co., Maryland 
 
 
 
 (received from 1765 to 1776) 
 
 1333 33 
 
 1776 
 
 Daniel Bornemann, Philadelijliia Co. 
 
 16 00 
 
 1770 
 
 James Bright, hatter 
 
 80 00 
 
 1773 
 
 William Bettle 
 
 66 66 
 
 1807 
 
 John Blakey 
 
 266 66 
 
 1843 
 
 Pierre Antoine Bleuon (received from 1843 to 
 
 
 
 1851) 
 
 1,700 00 
 
 1849 
 
 Paul Beck, Jr. 
 
 975 00 
 
 1860 
 
 Benjamin F. Butler 500 00 
 
 
 1862 
 
 " " " 150 00 
 
 
 1870 
 
 " " " 150 00 
 
 800 00 
 
 1863 
 
 Samuel Breck 
 
 225 62 
 
 1869 
 
 Isaac Barton 
 
 4.300 00 
 
 1872 
 
 Nathan Barrett 
 
 95 00
 
 Ill 
 
 1755 
 
 Joshua Crosby 
 
 
 
 
 
 $266 66 
 
 nr,o 
 
 Henry Croyder, Lancaster 
 
 Co. 
 
 £20 
 
 
 
 ^ 100 89 
 
 1762 
 
 u i; 
 
 u 
 
 
 17 16 
 
 9 
 
 i 
 
 1761 
 
 Rebecca Cooper 
 
 
 
 
 
 53 30 
 
 1765 
 
 Thomas Campbell 
 
 
 
 
 
 26 67 
 
 1769 
 
 William Coleman, Esq 
 
 [• 
 
 
 
 
 133 33 
 
 1772 
 
 Charles Cress 
 
 
 
 
 
 400 00 
 
 1773 
 
 John Roberts Cadwal; 
 
 ider, 
 
 , of Wh 
 
 itpain 
 
 
 13 33 
 
 1785 
 
 Deborah Claypole, £6 
 
 [)er 
 
 annum 
 
 
 
 206 66 
 
 1806 
 
 Samuel Cooper, M.D. 
 
 (received fr( 
 
 3m 1806 to 
 
 
 
 
 1812) 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,415 76 
 
 1814 
 
 William Chancellor 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,000 00 
 
 1817 
 
 Hannah Clarke 
 
 
 
 
 
 50 00 
 
 1819 
 
 Nathaniel Curren 
 
 
 
 
 
 133 38 
 
 1821 
 
 Robert Correy 
 
 
 
 
 
 500 00 
 
 1857 
 
 Jasper Cope 
 
 
 
 
 
 5,000 00 
 
 1858 
 
 Elliott Crcsson 
 
 
 
 
 
 5,728 84 
 
 1859 
 
 Jane Clark 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,000 00 
 
 1863 
 
 John Clark 
 
 
 
 
 
 95 00 
 
 1870 
 
 Cozzens 
 
 
 
 423 
 
 98 
 
 
 1872 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 33 
 
 457 31 
 
 1874 
 
 Esther L. Cooper 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,000 00 
 
 it 
 
 St. George Tucker Campbell 
 
 
 
 1,000 00 
 
 D. 
 
 1761 
 
 Peter Dicks 
 
 
 133 33 
 
 1766 
 
 Matthew Drason 
 
 
 66 66 
 
 1769 
 
 Peter Del age 
 
 
 106 06 
 
 1770 
 
 Mary Dougherty 
 
 
 13 33 
 
 (; 
 
 John Davis, of Darby 
 
 
 133 33 
 
 1771 
 
 Gilbert Deacon 
 
 
 26 67 
 
 1774 
 
 Jacob Dubree 
 
 
 133 33 
 
 1782 
 
 Esther Duche 
 
 
 133 33 
 
 1801 
 
 William Dawson, Jr. 
 
 
 133 33 
 
 1820 
 
 William Dawson, brewer 
 
 
 400 00 
 
 1808 
 
 Andrew Doz (received from 
 
 1808 to 1844) 
 
 5,028 89 
 
 1811 
 
 Christian H. Denckla 
 
 
 200 00 
 
 1812 
 
 John Descamps 
 
 
 500 00 
 
 1820 
 
 Elizabeth Dawson 
 
 
 100 00 
 
 1832 
 
 Dorothy Dale 
 
 
 390 00 
 
 1860 
 
 Josiah Dawson 
 
 
 11,500 00 
 
 1871 
 
 Henry Duhring 
 
 
 100 00 
 
 1863 
 
 F. M. Drexel 
 
 
 900 00 
 
 1873 
 
 Mordecai L. Dawson 
 
 
 5,000 00
 
 112 
 
 E. 
 
 1707 Hudson Kniloii 
 
 1771 1\:k"1u'1 lOmk'ii 
 
 1775 C'liristian Kdol 
 
 182-4 John 0. Evans, carpenter 
 
 1854 J. Elej- 
 
 $106 G6 
 
 133 33 
 
 13 33 
 
 400 00 
 
 3,758 10 
 
 1790 Robert Fleniino- (received 1700 and 1791) 
 1800 Benjamin Fuller 
 
 Captain Nathaniel Falconer 
 
 Thomas Fisher 
 
 Sarah Falconer 
 
 Anthony- Fotliergill 
 
 Robert Fieldinu' 
 
 1808 
 1810 
 1815 
 1821 
 1853 
 18G4 
 1808 
 1867 
 1868 
 
 Joseph Fisher 
 
 4S7 66 
 400 00 
 133 33 
 100 00 
 80 00 
 100 00 
 
 4,460 24 
 239 79 
 1,873 92 6,573 95 
 35.459 25 
 
 9,126 18 44,585 43 
 
 G. 
 
 1762 Thomas Griffin, of Bucks Co. 
 
 1765 Samuel Grubb, of Chester Co. 
 
 1772 Isaac Greenleafe 
 
 " Michael Gross, of Lancaster 
 
 1808 Thomas George 
 
 1817 Margerj' Ged 
 
 1828 John Grandom 
 
 1832 Stephen Girard 
 
 1835 Ann Guest 
 
 1870 John W. Grigg 
 
 1871 James R. Greeves 
 
 1872 George W. Groove 
 
 1873 Jesse George 
 
 26 67 
 
 133 33 
 
 266 69 
 
 36 00 
 
 200 00 
 
 300 00 
 
 2,925 00 
 
 29^250 00 
 
 487 50 
 
 47,500 00 
 
 950 00 
 
 5,000 00 
 
 20.000 00 
 
 H. 
 
 1765 Elizabeth Hinmarsh 
 
 1769 Edward Hill, of Berks Co. 
 
 '' Charles Harrison, of Boston 
 
 1770 Philip Hulbert 
 1785 Michael Hutchison 
 1795 Reuben Haines 
 
 " Margaret Haines 
 
 1813 Samuel Howell 
 
 13 33 
 
 266 66 
 2,040 00 
 53 33 
 133 33 
 266 66 
 266 66 
 266 66
 
 113 
 
 1815 Isaac Harvey 
 
 1822 Josiah Hewes 
 
 1824 Godfrey Haga 
 
 1836 Elizabeth Hampton 
 
 1866 Mary Ann Harris 
 
 18G7 John Harding, Jr. 
 
 ;1,200 
 
 00 
 
 1.200 
 
 00 
 
 1,000 
 
 00 
 
 61 
 
 25 
 
 800 
 
 00 
 
 1,000 
 
 00 
 
 I & J. 
 
 26 
 
 67 
 
 533 
 
 33 
 
 266 
 
 66 
 
 26,914 
 
 17 
 
 1,037 
 
 56 
 
 100 
 
 00 
 
 1768 Richard Johnson 133 33 
 
 1770 Mary Jacob 26 67 
 
 1869 N. S. Jennings 120 00 
 
 K. 
 
 1772 Conrad Kelmer 
 
 1801 Peter Knight 
 
 1803 Robert Knox, mariner 
 
 1808 John Keble (received from 1808 to 1851) 
 
 1854 John Keble 430 54 
 
 1855 » " 607 02 
 1871 William Kirkham 
 
 1775 Jacob Lewis, a ground rent, value 225 00 
 
 1776 William Logan 266 66 
 1778 Mary Loveday 133 33 
 1782 Joseph Lownes 26 67 
 
 1795 Samuel Lewis 266 66 
 
 1796 Hannah Lownes 26 67 
 1800 Mordecai Lewis 266 66 
 1803 James Logan, merchant 1,333 33 
 1805 Christopher Ludwig 266 66 
 1823 Josiah H. Lownes 500 00 
 1835 Mahlon Lawrence 292 50 
 1870 Margaret Latimer 5,000 GO 
 
 M. 
 
 1762 
 
 James McCulloch 
 
 23 91 
 
 1765 
 
 Samuel Mirkle 
 
 66 66 
 
 (( 
 
 Joseph Marshall 
 
 133 33 
 
 1766 
 
 Frederick Mirele, Springfield, Phila. Co. 
 
 29 46 
 
 1768 
 
 Daniel Murphy 
 
 8 00 
 
 1774 
 
 Archibald McLean 
 
 26 67 
 
 1774 
 
 Samuel Morton 
 
 133 33 
 
 1776 
 
 Sarah Morris 
 
 66 66
 
 lU 
 
 17TS 
 
 William Mitoliell 
 
 $133 33 
 
 17S9 
 
 Robort Morton 
 
 133 33 
 
 17111 
 
 liiicoa McCalla 
 
 88 87 
 
 171U 
 
 Alexander Major, of G\vvne<l(l 
 
 26 67 
 
 1800 
 
 I)eborah ^[orris (oronnil rent, per annum 
 
 
 
 $73 33) 
 
 1,222 00 
 
 1801 
 
 Patrick McGuier, schoolmaster 
 
 278 50 
 
 1804 
 
 Mary INIorris 
 
 133 33 
 
 1813 
 
 Sarah Moore 
 
 1,215 00 
 
 1816 
 
 Sarah ]\rarriott 
 
 66 66 
 
 ii. 
 
 Robert Montsromery 
 
 1,000 00 
 
 1821 
 
 Rachel McCulloch 
 
 26 67 
 
 1823 
 
 Moses B. Moody (received from 1823 to 1826) 
 
 1,559 40 
 
 1844 
 
 John Murra}' 
 
 50 00 
 
 1855 
 
 Jacob G. ^lorris 
 
 507 50 
 
 1859 
 
 Abram Miller 1,000 00 
 
 
 1860 
 
 " " 2,559 73 
 
 
 1863 
 
 " " 12,833 33 
 
 16,393 06 
 
 1860 
 
 Catharine Morris 
 
 190 00 
 
 1871 
 
 Benjamin Marshall 
 
 1,000 00 
 
 (; 
 
 Samuel Y. Merrick 
 
 250 00 
 
 N. 
 
 1763 Content Xicholson 66 66 
 
 1769 Isaac Norris 266 66 
 
 1774 Samuel Xeave 1,033 33 
 
 1792 Thomas Xedrow 66 66 
 
 1807 Charles Xicholes 5,000 00 
 
 1868 Abram J. Nunes 3,225 12 
 
 1872 Charles Norton 200 00 
 
 O. 
 
 1767 George Owen 133 33 
 
 1772 Ann Opertony 168 75 
 
 1870 Georse Ord 25,730 68 
 
 1754 Mary Plumstead 133 33 
 
 1771 John Peters 26 67 
 
 1776 Meriam Potts 23 67 
 
 1791 Sarah Par rock 800 00 
 
 1792 Esther Peraberton 133 33 
 1796 Thomas Paschall ' 106 66 
 
 '' John Pennell 66 66 
 
 1813 John Pemberton 133 33 
 
 1828 Martha Powell 585 00
 
 115 
 
 7834 
 
 Elliston Perot 
 
 
 
 $100 00 
 
 1840 
 
 John Perot 
 
 
 
 100 00 
 
 1848 
 
 Joseph Price 
 
 
 
 1,000 00 
 
 1852 
 
 John Pea 
 
 
 
 1,457 b7 
 
 1855 
 
 John Paul 
 
 
 
 975 00 
 
 1861 
 
 Jos. Price, Exr. of S. R. 
 
 Simmons 
 
 
 5,000 00 
 
 1864 
 
 Hannah Parke, Exr. of 
 
 
 
 3,800 00 
 
 u 
 
 Francis Pierpont, p]xrs. 
 
 of 
 
 2,700 00 
 
 
 1865 
 
 u (( u 
 
 
 1,134 00 
 
 3,834 00 
 
 1867 
 
 Pr. Casper W. Pen nock 
 
 
 
 1,000 00 
 
 u 
 
 Edward Perot 
 
 
 
 1,000 00 
 
 1870 
 
 Charles Perot 
 
 
 
 1,000 00 
 
 11 
 
 Sarah Phipps 
 
 
 
 200 00 
 
 1875 
 
 Joseph Pleasants 
 
 R. 
 
 
 95 00 
 
 1761 
 
 Francis Rawle 
 
 
 
 133 33 
 
 1765 
 
 Rndman Robeson 
 
 
 
 533 33 
 
 1766 
 
 Jacob Rightlinger, Lebanon, Lane. 
 
 Co. 
 
 121 93 
 
 1767 
 
 Septimus Robeson 
 
 
 
 133 33 
 
 1771 
 
 Thomas Robinson 
 
 
 
 133 33 
 
 1774 
 
 William Rakestraw 
 
 
 
 53 33 
 
 1796 
 
 Daniel Rundle 
 
 
 
 666 66 
 
 1800 
 
 Peter Reeve, mariner 
 
 
 
 133 33 
 
 1804 
 
 John Roberts 
 
 
 
 133 33 
 
 1809 
 
 Hugh Roberts 
 
 
 
 266 66 
 
 1866 
 
 William Richardson 
 
 
 
 890 00 
 
 1870 
 
 Evans Rogers 
 
 
 
 952 50 
 
 1873 
 
 Edward Roberts 
 
 
 
 4,750 00 
 
 1758 
 
 Christopher Sauer 
 
 S. 
 
 
 53 33 
 
 1761 
 
 Richard Spring 
 
 
 
 98 35 
 
 1766 
 
 Mary Standley 
 
 
 
 r.6 f,6 
 
 u 
 
 Christopher Saunderson 
 
 
 
 26 66 
 
 1771 
 
 Daniel Stanton 
 
 
 
 26 66 
 
 a 
 
 Joseph Stout 
 
 
 
 26 66 
 
 1772 
 
 Ann Strettell 
 
 
 
 58 88 
 
 1774 
 
 Samuel Sansom 
 
 
 
 80 00 
 
 1792 
 
 Samuel Scott, Lancastei 
 
 rCo. 
 
 
 81 86 
 
 1794 
 
 James Stoops 
 
 
 
 1,889 31 
 
 1798 
 
 Resolve Smith 
 
 
 
 533 83 
 
 1799 
 
 Buckridge Sims 
 
 
 
 266 66 
 
 1803 
 
 William'Sheaflf 
 
 
 
 300 00 
 
 1811 
 
 Esther Sprague 
 
 
 
 848 13 
 
 1827 
 
 Joseph Sansom 
 
 
 
 487 50 
 
 1829 
 
 Samuel Scotten 
 
 
 
 196 67 
 
 1880 
 
 Paul Siemen 
 
 
 
 1,950 00 
 
 1874 
 
 William Stevenson 
 
 
 
 5,000 00
 
 116 
 
 ITT'2 rotor Turner $2fifi 66 
 
 1774 Thomas Turner 400 00 
 
 ISOO "William Topliff, merchant 266 66 
 
 ISIU Thomas Toplili" 237 33 
 
 ISIS Margaret Thomas 133 33 
 
 1819 Dinah Thomas 20 00 
 
 1870 Eliza 11. Yaux 1,000 00 
 
 W. 
 
 1754 Edward Warner £25 Os. Od.] 
 
 1768 Edward Warner's heirs; viz., Joseph | 
 
 Fox, Mary and Sarah Norris, Anna ! oi^ nr, 
 
 Warner, Joshua Howell, and Sam'I ( 
 
 Shoemaker, present a residuary j 
 
 balance of 103 5 10 J 
 
 1763 Abraham Waggoner 
 
 1765 Christopher Wilt 
 
 1767 Stephen Williams 
 " Robert Wilson 
 
 1772 William White 
 
 1773 William Wood 
 17S3 John Wall, of New Jersey 
 1797 Bartholomew Wistar 
 1802 William Wister 
 
 1804 William Wharton, ground rents of $39 50 per 
 
 annum, at par 
 
 1805 Peter Wickoff 
 1815 Chamless Wharton 
 1828 John G. Wachsrauth 
 1872 R.D.Wood 
 
 1758 Lloyd Zachary £350 0} ^ -i-,-) ](> 
 
 1768 " his Exrs. and Devisees 67 11 U\ ' 
 
 1793 Jonathan Zane (received from 1793 to 1800) ' 889 15 
 
 53 
 
 33 
 
 160 
 
 00 
 
 80 
 
 00 
 
 26 
 
 67 
 
 213 
 
 33 
 
 26 
 
 67 
 
 933 
 
 39 
 
 266 
 
 66 
 
 133 
 
 33 
 
 658 
 
 33 
 
 100 
 
 00 
 
 500 
 
 00 
 
 ,950 
 
 00 
 
 200 
 
 00
 
 117 
 
 IX. 
 
 DOI^ATIOKS. 
 
 1751 
 
 \1Q2 
 
 1758 
 1763 
 1789 
 1759 
 1786 
 1864 
 
 1858 
 1864 
 1852 
 1864 
 1867 
 1868 
 1869 
 1870 
 1871 
 1864 
 1867 
 1864 
 1866 
 1867 
 1868 
 1869 
 1870 
 1871 
 1864 
 1867 
 1868 
 1869 
 1870 
 1871 
 1857 
 
 FROM CORPORATIONS, ETC. 
 
 Thornbury Township 
 
 Middletown Townsliip, Chester Co. 
 
 Union Fire Company £25 
 
 Friendship Fire Co. 
 
 Concert in German Reformed Church 
 
 First National Bank 
 
 Philadelphia Bank 
 
 City National Bank 
 
 Penn National Bank 
 
 Saint Peter's Churcli 
 
 The Phoenix Iron Co. 
 
 The Philada. and Reading R. R. Co. 
 
 The Pennsylvania R. R. Co. 
 
 a u 
 
 The Phila. W. & B. R. R. Co. 
 
 Lehigh Valley R. R. Co. 
 
 Ilarrisburg, Lancaster & Portsmouth R 
 
 
 $26 
 
 67 
 
 
 150 
 
 66 
 
 Os. OcZ. 
 
 I. 
 
 
 10 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 67 
 
 
 110 
 
 95 
 
 
 500 
 
 00 
 
 
 1,000 
 
 00 
 
 
 100 
 
 00 
 
 
 100 
 
 00 
 
 
 100 
 
 00 
 
 
 250 
 
 00 
 
 2,000 
 
 
 
 10,000 
 
 
 
 1,000 
 
 
 
 1,000 
 
 
 
 1,000 
 
 
 
 1,000 
 
 
 
 1,000 
 
 17,000 
 
 00 
 
 10,000 
 
 
 
 5,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 00 
 
 600 
 
 
 
 600 
 
 
 
 1,000 
 
 
 
 1,000 
 
 
 
 1,000 
 
 
 
 1,000 
 
 
 
 1,000 
 
 6,200 
 
 00 
 
 1,000 
 
 
 
 300 
 
 
 
 300 
 
 
 
 300 
 
 
 
 300 
 
 
 
 300 
 
 2,500 
 
 00 
 
 . R. Co. 
 
 500 
 
 00
 
 118 
 
 lSf>T 
 
 Sc-Iuiylkill Xaviiiiitioii C(». 
 
 
 $300 00 
 
 ISi;;") 
 
 Sanilarv C'Ominissiou 
 
 $1,000 
 
 
 1809 
 
 //? sii ra nee Co mpan ies. 
 
 2,000 
 
 3,000 00 
 
 1S(U 
 
 Mutual Aissuiauce 
 
 1.000 
 
 
 1808 
 
 u u 
 
 5,000 
 
 fi,000 00 
 
 18(U 
 
 Insurance Co. of North America 
 
 
 1,000 00 
 
 " 
 
 Delaware jNIutual Safety 
 
 
 1,000 00 
 
 ii 
 
 Keliance Fire Co. 
 
 
 200 00 
 
 i> 
 
 Mutual Life 
 
 
 500 00 
 
 18G7 
 
 Philadelphia Conlrihutionship Co. 
 
 
 5,000 00 
 
 Froni Individuaiti and Finyis. 
 
 Charles Bartles, lumber 
 
 Cornelius Smith, in stock 
 
 James P. Wood, deduction from bill low steam apparatus 
 
 Kommel, Potts & Co., deduction from coal bill 
 
 George Dodd & Son, carriage work 
 
 Supplee & Pennepacker, deducted from bill, plastering 
 
 John G. Reading, lumber 
 
 Baker, Davis & Co., deducted from bill of books 
 
 Wm. D. Rodgers, deduction in i^rice of pony phaeton 
 
 George Vogt, deduction in i^rice of piano 
 
 50 
 
 00 
 
 100 
 
 00 
 
 100 
 
 00 
 
 119 
 
 90 
 
 100 
 
 00 
 
 250 
 
 00 
 
 50 
 
 00 
 
 53 
 
 00 
 
 65 
 
 00 
 
 200 
 
 00
 
 119 
 
 X. 
 
 CONTRIBUTORS TO THE PENNSYLVANIA 
 HOSPITAL, 1751 TO 1876. 
 
 1751 William Allen, Esq., Ch'f Justice. 
 
 " Stephen Anthony. 
 
 " John Armitt, cooper. 
 175-4 William Attwood. 
 
 " Alexander Allair. 
 
 " George Asbridge. 
 
 " jNIatthias Aspden. 
 1755 Benjamin Armitage, Jr., smith. 
 1759 Captain Henry Ash, mariner. 
 17G1 Martin Ashburn. 
 
 " Joshua Ash, Darby, Chester Co. 
 1764 William iishbridge, miller, Ox- 
 ford Township. 
 17(57 Lawrence Anderson. 
 1775 Joseph Allen. 
 1781 Chamless Allen. 
 
 1785 Richard Adams. 
 
 1786 Joseph Anthony, merchant. 
 " Peter Aston. 
 
 " John Angres. 
 1788 Thomas Affleck (in furniture). 
 1791 James Ash, Esq., sheritf. 
 
 " Thomas Powell Anthony. 
 1801 Robert Annesley, merchant. 
 1806 Robert Adams, merchant. 
 1809 John Ashley. 
 1821 William Abbott, brewer. 
 1882 liobert Andrews. 
 1833 Thomas Astley. 
 
 "_ William V. Anderson, grocer. 
 1841 Richard Ashhurst, merchant. 
 
 " Lewis R. Ashhurst, merchant. 
 1845 Joseph B. Andrews, lumber mer- 
 chant. 
 
 '< William Ashbridge. 
 1847 John Ashhurst. 
 
 " William L. Aslihurst. 
 1856 Richard Ashhurst, Jr. 
 
 " Josepli Andrade. 
 
 " S. Austin Allibone. 
 
 " Anthony J. Antelo. 
 
 " Ellis S. Archer. 
 
 1856 Mary Ann Archer. 
 
 " Jacob T. Alberger & Co. 
 
 " John Anspach. 
 
 " Joshua W. Ash. 
 
 " John Agnew. 
 
 " John B. Austin. 
 
 " Jacob Alter. 
 
 " Geo. R. Ayres. 
 
 " George Abeel. 
 
 1857 Abbott & Lawrence. 
 " Thomas Allibone. 
 
 <' William L. Abbott. 
 
 1858 James Andrews. 
 " Lewis Audenreid. 
 
 1859 John C. Allen. 
 
 " Samuel Ashhurst. 
 " John Ashhurst, Jr. 
 " Jane Ashbridge. 
 " Thomasin Ashbridge. 
 •' Allen & Needles. 
 
 1860 Mrs. Lewis R. Ashhurst. 
 " Andrews & Dixon. 
 
 " W. & J. Allen. 
 1865 D. Hayes Agnew, M.D. 
 
 1867 William II. Ashiiurst. 
 
 1868 Dr. Francis Aslihurst. 
 1873 W. Ashmead, xM.D. 
 
 B. 
 
 1751 Anthony Benezet. 
 
 " John Bleakley, shopkeeper. 
 
 " Dr. Thomas Bond. 
 
 " Dr. Phineas Bond. 
 
 1752 Daniel Benezet. 
 " John F>owman. 
 
 " William I'.ranson, merchant. 
 
 " John Bayley. 
 
 " William Hall, golilsmith. 
 
 " William Bard, merchant. 
 
 " John 15aynton. 
 1754 Gunning Bedford, carpenter. 
 
 " I'hilip Benezet, merchant.
 
 120 
 
 1 
 
 -04 
 
 John RicMle. 
 
 1793 
 
 
 " 
 
 Samuel Boiniel, sinitli. 
 
 1794 
 
 
 n 
 
 Thonius Hourne. 
 
 " 
 
 
 " 
 
 'J'lionias Brooks, bricklayer. 
 
 1795 
 
 
 " 
 
 .IiToiniali Urown. 
 
 1797 
 
 
 " 
 
 George Bullock. 
 
 '« 
 
 
 •' 
 
 John Bringhurs^t, merchant. 
 
 ■ I 
 
 1 
 
 "55 
 
 William Bradford. 
 
 1798 
 
 
 " 
 
 John Bleaklej', Sr. 
 
 1799 
 
 
 '» 
 
 Andrew Bankson. 
 
 " 
 
 
 " 
 
 AVilliani Buckley. 
 
 1801 
 
 r 
 
 -o6 
 
 Henry Bossier, innkeeper. 
 George Bensell. 
 Samuel Burge. 
 
 1802 
 
 
 " 
 
 James Benezet. 
 
 1803 
 
 
 " 
 
 George Bryan. 
 
 1804 
 
 1 
 
 "58 John and Jacob n:inkson. 
 
 1807 
 
 
 " 
 
 John Bissell, smith. 
 
 " 
 
 
 " 
 
 Joseph Baker. 
 
 " 
 
 
 " 
 
 ^Yilliam Bingham, Sr. 
 
 " 
 
 r 
 
 ■59 
 
 John Bell 
 
 Richard Blackham. 
 
 1809 
 
 it. 
 
 r 
 
 ■(31 
 
 David Bacon, hatter. 
 
 James Bringhurst, house carpen- 
 
 1810 
 
 
 
 ter. 
 
 1812 
 
 
 " 
 
 Joseph Bringhurst, cooper. 
 
 1818 
 
 
 " 
 
 Matthias Bush. 
 
 1820 
 
 
 " 
 
 John Baily (furniture). 
 
 1821 
 
 
 ■62 
 
 David Barclay and Sous, London. 
 
 1823 
 
 
 " 
 
 Davis Bassest. 
 
 1824 
 
 
 ■63 
 
 Job Bacon, hatter. 
 Abraham Bickley, merchant. 
 
 1827 
 
 
 ■64 
 
 David Bevcridge, merchant. 
 
 1828 
 
 
 ■66 
 
 Captain Richard Budden. 
 
 1833 
 
 
 " 
 
 Elias Bland (tire engine). 
 
 1834 
 
 
 " 
 
 Timothy Bevan, London. 
 
 " 
 
 
 ■67 
 
 Clement Biddle, merchant. 
 
 " 
 
 
 -68 
 
 Robert Bass. 
 
 1840 
 
 
 " 
 
 John Bayard, merchant. 
 
 1841 
 
 
 ■69 John Bringhurst, of Gerraant'n. 
 
 1845 
 
 
 r70 
 
 William Barrell. 
 
 1846 
 
 
 ul 
 
 James Biddle, Esq. 
 
 1847 
 
 
 " 
 
 George I'ertram. 
 
 1848 
 
 
 (73 
 
 Morris Birkbeck, of Gt. Britain. 
 
 1849 
 
 
 775 
 
 Barnabas Barnes. 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Edward Bonsall. 
 
 1851 
 
 
 ■80 
 
 Hillary Baker. 
 
 «' 
 
 
 r8i 
 
 William Bingham. 
 
 1852 
 
 
 ■86 
 
 Peter Baynton. 
 Jacob Biker. 
 Edward Bird. 
 John Bartholomew. 
 William Bradford, Jr. 
 Captain Thomas Bell. 
 
 i( 
 
 
 
 Robert Bridges. 
 
 1853 
 
 
 
 J. J. Burchell. 
 
 1854 
 
 
 
 Joseph Blewer. 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 Daniel Byrnes. 
 
 1855 
 
 r 
 
 ■87 
 
 Edward Brooks. 
 
 • ' 
 
 r 
 
 ■88 
 
 Cornelius Barnes. 
 
 " 
 
 Robert Buchanan, of Scotland. 
 
 David Breintnall. 
 
 Frederick Boiler. 
 
 Samuel Baker, hatter. 
 
 Paul Beck, Jr., merchant. 
 
 Peter Brown. 
 
 Samuel Bloiiget. 
 
 Dr. Benjamin S. Barton. 
 
 Joseph Ball, merchant. 
 
 Andrew Brown, printer. 
 
 Robert Barclay, merchant, 
 
 George Branner, milkman. 
 
 Anthony AL Buckley, merchant. 
 
 Samuel Brown. 
 
 John Bacon, merchant. 
 
 Jacob Beninghove, tobacconist. 
 
 Thomas Biddle, broker. 
 
 John Coates Brown, shipsmith. 
 
 William J. Brown. 
 
 Curtis Bolton, merchant. 
 
 John Bolton, of Savannah. 
 
 Matthew L. Bevan, merchant. 
 
 Horace Binney, Esq., attorney- 
 
 at-law. 
 Joshua Byron. 
 John 11. B iker. 
 Charles Bird. 
 Joseph D. Brown. 
 John Rhea Barton, M.D. 
 Josiah Bunting, lumber nierch't. 
 John Bell, .M.D. 
 Franklin Bache, M.D. 
 Edward Burd. 
 
 Theophilus E. Beesley, M.D. 
 David S. Brown, merchant. 
 Jeremiah Brown, merchant. 
 William Henry Brown, merchant. 
 Frederick Brown, apothecary. 
 James H. Bradford, M.D. 
 Clement C. Biddle. 
 Johu B. Biddle, M.D. 
 Issac Barton. 
 Jacob T. Bunting. 
 William Biddle. 
 T. Hewson Bache, M.D. 
 Samuel Bettle, Jr. 
 William Bettle. 
 Charles L. Boker. 
 Henry Paul Beck. 
 Geo. W. Biddle. 
 Charles S. Boker, M.D. 
 Ann M. Biker. 
 Charles H. Baker. 
 Frederick Brown, Jr. 
 Washington Brown. 
 Clement Biddle, Jr. 
 Thomas A. Biddle. 
 Henry I. Biddle. 
 Bennerville D. Brown. 
 Alexander Biddle.
 
 121 
 
 1855 James Bayard. 
 
 " Jona. Willinms Biddle. 
 
 1856 M. Brook Buckley. 
 " Timothy M. Bryan. 
 " Abraliaai Barker. 
 
 " Albert Barnes. 
 
 " Charles Boiie. 
 
 " Joseph B Bloodgood. 
 
 " W. G. Boyd. 
 
 " John Bohlen. 
 
 " John A. Brown. 
 
 " William A. Blanchard. 
 
 " John B. Budd. 
 
 " Thomas Beaver. 
 
 " Bucknor, McCammon & Co. 
 
 " Maria Blight. 
 
 " Moses Brown. 
 
 " William II. Brown & Co. 
 
 " Ale.xander Brown. 
 
 " Joel J. Baily. 
 
 " Pierre Antoine Blenon. 
 
 " Thomas Biddle. 
 
 1857 H. Nelson Burroughs. 
 " Brown & Embly. 
 
 " John .M. Butler. 
 
 " Henry P. Borie. 
 
 " William M. Baird. 
 
 " Patrick Brady. 
 
 " James Benners. 
 
 " Stephen Baldwin. 
 
 '• Budd & Comley. 
 
 " Biites & Coats. 
 
 " E. F. Bockius. 
 
 " Bute & Smith. 
 
 " Samuel Barton & Co. 
 
 " William liucknall. 
 
 " William E. Bowen. 
 
 " Washington Butcher. 
 
 " John Butclier. 
 
 " Alexander Benson. 
 
 " Gustavus S. Benson. 
 
 " Matthew W. Baldwin & Co. 
 
 " Stacey B. Barcroft. 
 
 " Bunn, Kaiguel & Co. 
 
 " Horace Bitiney, Jr. 
 
 " John W. Biddle. 
 
 " Samuel Biddle. 
 
 " Boulton, Vandevere & Co. 
 
 " Ge()rge II. Burgess, M.D. 
 
 " S. S. Brown. 
 
 " H. S. Benson. 
 
 " John Bohlen, Jr. 
 
 18G8 Bailey & Brothers. 
 
 " Mary Br;iy. 
 
 " M. & C. Bancroft. 
 
 " Josiah B;icon. 
 
 " John A. lirowii (builder). 
 
 " Joseph M. Bennett. 
 
 1859 Atherton Bliglit. 
 
 " T. W. & .M. Brown. 
 
 1859 John Baird. 
 
 " Michal & Baker. 
 
 •' Joshua L. Bailey. 
 
 " Edward Bedlock. 
 
 " John P. Brock. 
 
 " John C. Bullitt. 
 
 " Robert Buist. 
 
 " Elizabeth C. Biddle. 
 
 " Beiijtunin Bullock. 
 
 " L)r. James Bond. 
 
 " Henry M. Benners. 
 
 " George W. Benners. 
 
 " Samuel Branson, 
 
 " Jane Brinton. 
 
 " George Brinton. 
 
 " Samuel Baugh. 
 
 " Allen II. Bookhammer. 
 
 " Joseph Budd. 
 
 " Lewis Brinton. 
 
 " Andrew C. Barclay. 
 
 " Dr. George II. Burgin. 
 
 " T. Wistar Brown. 
 
 " Wiiliiim S. Baird. 
 
 1860 Henry B. Benners. 
 " Mrs. Moses Brown. 
 " Mrs. A. E. Borie. 
 
 " Mrs. Ball. 
 
 " Mrs. Horace Binney. 
 
 " Mrs. Christian Biddle. 
 
 " Mrs. John B. Budd. 
 
 " Mrs. .John A. Brown. 
 
 " William Brown. 
 
 " Clement B. Barclay. 
 
 " John Brock. 
 
 " John Black. 
 
 " Charles Bullock. 
 
 William S. Boyd. 
 
 Michnel Bouvier. 
 
 Mary D. Brown. 
 
 Emily M. I'.iddle. 
 
 Clement Biddle. 
 
 Adolph E. Horie. 
 
 J. H. Bracken. 
 
 William II. Boyer. 
 
 Helen Bell. 
 " S. Mason P.ines. 
 " S. Mason Bines, Jr. 
 " William T. Bines. 
 " David A. Bines. 
 " Bowen & Fox. 
 " .lairus Baker. 
 " Emily Bell. 
 " Ann M. Baker. 
 
 1866 Boyd & Hough. 
 
 " Ilichani W. IJacon. 
 " Andrew C. Barclay. 
 " Charles P. I'.ayard. 
 
 1867 Laura Bell. 
 
 " v.. & II. Borie. 
 
 " John R. Blackiston. 
 
 1861 
 1864 
 
 1865
 
 122 
 
 1SG7 
 
 1870 
 1871 
 
 1874 
 1875 
 
 1751 
 
 1752 
 1754 
 
 ^56 
 
 1757 
 1758 
 
 Joseph IVieon. 
 HolHMt ."t W. i: . IVKl,lle. 
 E W. baiU-y. 
 Tlieoilore Bliss. 
 Henry Hower. 
 Mrs. Will. lUiokiiell. 
 Alfred G. Baker. 
 Matthew BairJ. 
 Eihvanl S. Buckley. 
 B. H. Bartol. 
 John nouU<Mi. 
 Beiiient & Dougherty. 
 Mrs Thomas .\. Biddle. 
 Francis Blackburne, Jr. 
 Mrs. Frederick Brown, Sr. 
 Charlotte .Aug'a Brown. 
 Mary 8. Brown. 
 Mark Balderston. 
 Thomas A. Boyd. 
 Sydney A. Biddle. 
 Arthur Biddle. 
 T. Ilewson Bradford, M.D. 
 Mrs. \Vm. A. Blanchard. 
 Maria E. Blanchard. 
 Isabella Brown. 
 Alexander P. Brown. 
 Clement M. Brown. 
 
 Thomas Cadwalader, M.D. 
 Joshua Crosby, gentleman. 
 Thomas Crosby. 
 Samuel Caruthers, joiner. 
 William Chancellor. M D. 
 James Chattin, printer. 
 James Child, merchant. 
 John Church, of Wicaco. 
 William Campfler, merchant. 
 James Clulo, potter. 
 Thomas Clifford, merchant. 
 William Coleman, merchant. 
 Jacob Cooper. 
 John Cresson, whitesmith. 
 Matthias Culp, innkeeper. 
 William Cooper. 
 John Coates. 
 
 David Chambers, stonecutter. 
 John Coates, Jr., brickmaker. 
 Thomas Coates, Jr., brickmaker. 
 James Coultas, mariner. 
 Corncord Township (Chester Co.) 
 Samuel Cheesman, shoemaker, 
 ^latthew Clarkson. 
 Benjamin Chew, Esq. 
 Thomas Carpenter. 
 Redmond Conyngham. 
 Jonathan Cowpland, mariner. 
 Charles Coxe, 
 
 82 
 
 86 
 
 87 
 
 1799 
 1800 
 1801 
 
 1803 
 1806 
 
 1807 
 
 1809 
 
 Samuel Chancellor. 
 
 William Clifton, smith. 
 
 I'eter (."hevallier. 
 
 John Correy. 
 
 George Clymer, merchant. 
 
 James Chalmers, of Jamaica. 
 
 Emanuel Carpenter, of Lancaster 
 
 Co. 
 Daniel Clark. 
 John Coxe, M.D. 
 Isaac Coxe. 
 William Coxe, Esq. 
 Stephen Collins. 
 James Cresson, carpenter. 
 William Craig. 
 Thomas Cliflord. 
 David Hayfield Conyngham. 
 John Cadwalader. 
 Samuel Coates. 
 Joshua Cresson, merchant. 
 Thomas Combe. 
 Thomas Corbyn, John Brown, and 
 
 John Beaumont, of London, in 
 
 medicine. 
 Joseph Crukshauk, printer. 
 Isaac Coates. 
 John Clark. 
 Tench Coxe. 
 Joseph Copperthwaite. 
 .Tosiah Coates. 
 William Cox, chairmaker. 
 William Coxe, Jr., merchant. 
 John Chaloner. 
 Samuel Caldwell. 
 Curtis Clay. 
 Samuel Clark. 
 James Colbreath. 
 Andrew Caldwell. 
 Samuel Coates, Jr. 
 John Reynell Coates. 
 Zaccheus Collins, merchant. 
 Joseph S. Coates. 
 Josiah L. Coates. 
 Samuel Cooper, M.D. 
 Charles Caldwell, M.D. 
 John Redmond Coxe, M.D. 
 Rachael Crukshank. 
 James Crukshank, bookseller. 
 Alexaniier Cook, soap-boiler. 
 William Chancellor. 
 James VV. Clement, merchant. 
 Eli Canby, merchant. 
 Andrew Caldcleugh, merchant of 
 
 N. C. 
 Lewis Clapier, merchant. 
 Thomas Clayton, hatter. 
 Nathaniel Chapman, M D. 
 Charles Chauncy, attorney-at- 
 
 law. 
 Thomas P. Cope, merchant.
 
 123 
 
 1810 Samuel Calhoun, M.D. 
 1813 Jasper Cope, merchant. 
 
 " George M. Coates, seedman. 
 
 " Thomas Cadwalader. 
 1815 Turner Camac. 
 
 " Sarah Camac. 
 1817 Israel Cope, merchant. 
 
 " Caleb Cresson. 
 
 1819 llichard P. Cummings, copper- 
 
 smith. 
 " .John Coulter, merchant. 
 
 1820 Benjamin Horner Coates, M D. 
 1822 John Cooke, merchant. 
 
 1826 J. Y. Clarke. M.D. 
 1881 Robert A. C.ildcleugh. 
 1883 Caleb Cope, merchant. 
 1838 Thomas F. Cock, :\I.D. 
 1840 Allen Clapp, steward Penns^'l- 
 vania Hospital. 
 
 " Andrew D. Cash, conveyancer. 
 1845 Daniel W. Coxe. 
 
 " Edward Coles. 
 
 " John Curwen, M.D. 
 
 1847 Elliott Cresson. 
 
 " William Chancellor. 
 
 1848 Robert Coleman. 
 
 1849 Joseph Carson, M.D. 
 " Henry Cramond. 
 
 1851 Charles Conrad. 
 
 1852 Jane Clark. 
 " John Conrad. 
 
 " William Camac, M.D. 
 " Solomon Conrad. 
 " John Canby. 
 
 1854 Charles S. Coxe. 
 '' I3rinton Coxe. 
 
 " Alexander B. Coxe. 
 " Ecley B. Coxe. 
 " Henry B. Coxe. 
 " Charles B. Coxe. 
 
 1855 Nathaniel Chauncey. 
 •' John P. Crozier. 
 
 " Wharton Chancellor. 
 
 1856 Martin Curren. 
 
 " George Cadwalader. 
 
 " George C. Carson. 
 
 " Cochran & Russell. 
 
 '' Alfred (Jope. 
 
 " Samuel .J. Christian. 
 
 " Harriet Coleman. 
 
 " Francis R. Cope. 
 
 " Thomas P. (Jope. 
 
 " William Cummings. 
 
 " Henry Cope. 
 
 " Aaron B. Cooley. 
 
 " Coffin Colket. 
 
 " John K. Cope. 
 
 " Andrew R. Chambers. 
 
 " Henry Croskey. 
 
 " Caldwell & English. 
 
 1856 James L. Claghorn. 
 " Andrew C. Craig. 
 
 " Arthur G. CofiBn. 
 
 " John C. Cresson. 
 
 " Enoch W. Clark. 
 
 " Wm. C. Coats. 
 
 " S. Wilmer Connell. 
 
 " T. K. & P. G. Collins. 
 
 '• Henry C Carey. 
 
 " William Clark. 
 
 " Julius K. Clark. 
 
 1 857 Joseph Cresson. 
 " Hugh Campbell. 
 " Cabeen & Co. 
 
 " Jay Cooke. 
 
 " Jas. R. Campbell. 
 
 " Hagan Carney. 
 
 " John Cadwallader. 
 
 " Daniel B. Cummings. 
 
 '' B. B. Comegys. 
 
 " Frederick Collins. 
 
 " John Cox. 
 
 " Wm. Carpenter. 
 
 " Francis Carpenter. 
 
 " Alexander G. Cattell. 
 
 " James Cresson. 
 
 " Benjamin T. Curtis. 
 
 " Joseph H. Campion. 
 
 " Henry Croskey & Co. 
 
 " Abraham Coates. 
 
 " Charles C. Cresson. 
 
 " M. H. Cobb. 
 
 " Sarah T. Curtis. 
 
 " Wm. B. Cazenove. 
 
 1858 Churchman, Craig & Co. 
 •' Allen Cuthhert. 
 
 " Franklin A. Comly. 
 
 " J. K. Collins. 
 
 " Samuel Castner. 
 
 " Joseph H. (JoUins. 
 
 " James VV. Claghorn. 
 
 " George Cromelieu. 
 
 " Joseph R. Chandler. 
 
 " H. H. Catherwood. 
 
 " Hannah W. Collins. 
 
 " Wm. P. Cresson. 
 
 '• Charles H. Cummings. 
 
 '' Charles Camblos. 
 
 " Edward W. Clark. 
 
 1859 Benjamin Coates. 
 " Stephen Colwell. 
 
 " Mrs. D. M. ('hambers. 
 
 '• Daniel Corbit. 
 
 " Robert Creighton. 
 
 " Carter & Scattergood. 
 
 " John Clark. 
 
 " Eliza G. Cattell. 
 
 " Abigail Cooper. 
 
 " Edward S. Coxe. 
 
 " G. Dawson Culeman.
 
 124 
 
 1 S.j'.l 
 
 Willinin .1. Ciiiior. 
 
 
 Chillis & Peterson. 
 
 • • 
 
 ("iirwoii Sto(ltl;irt & Dro. 
 
 •• 
 
 ClKules II. Chirk. 
 
 " 
 
 .Iiilin Carter. 
 
 " 
 
 James iv Caldwell & Co. 
 
 • ' 
 
 Miss II. Cooper. 
 
 " 
 
 ^Irs. Croz'er. 
 
 18(i0 
 
 Ephraim Clark, .Jr. 
 
 " 
 
 (\irnelius & IJaker. 
 
 " 
 
 Prudent Castaninjor. 
 
 " 
 
 Archibald Campbell. 
 
 " 
 
 John Iv Carter. 
 
 '• 
 
 Theo. Ciiyler. 
 
 " 
 
 U. C. Cuminings. 
 
 " 
 
 Mrs. J. \V. Cannell. 
 
 1864 
 
 Charles W. Ciiurchman. 
 
 " 
 
 E. W. Clark & Co. 
 
 " 
 
 Coffin & Altemus. 
 
 i( 
 
 Cabeen & Co. 
 
 " 
 
 Emlen Cresson. 
 
 " 
 
 A. W. Cummings. 
 
 '« 
 
 Geo. W. Childs. 
 
 1865 
 
 Esther L. C'oper. 
 
 " 
 
 James M. Crossman. 
 
 " 
 
 Thomas Oaven. 
 
 " 
 
 Samuel F. Canh3'. 
 
 1866 
 
 Hamilton Creighton. Esq 
 
 " 
 
 Robert Coburn. 
 
 1867 
 
 Jay Cooke & Co. 
 
 " 
 
 Franklin A. Comley. Jr. 
 
 " 
 
 Cain, Hacker & Cook. 
 
 " 
 
 VVm. D. Cope. 
 
 " 
 
 James S. Cox. 
 
 " 
 
 Elias Cope. 
 
 " 
 
 Hetty L. Cooper. 
 
 1868 
 
 Clarence H. Clark. 
 
 1869 
 
 George R. Creely 
 
 1870 
 
 George M. Conarroe. 
 
 " 
 
 Edwin R. Cope. 
 
 1871 
 
 M. J. Coleman. 
 
 " 
 
 Jerome Carter. 
 
 1874 
 
 St. Geo. T. Campbell. 
 
 D. 
 
 17'>2 David Deshler. 
 
 17.54 William Dowel!. 
 
 " Daniel Dupu^', silversmith. 
 
 " Andrew Doz. 
 
 " Thomas Davis, merchant. 
 
 " .Jacob Duchee, Esq. 
 
 " Edward Duffield, watchmaker. 
 
 1756 William Dilworth, carpenter. 
 " John Drinker, bricklayer. 
 
 1757 David Davis (in lumber). 
 
 1758 Matthew Drason. 
 
 1759 Robert Dixon, innkeeper, 
 " Henry Drinker. 
 
 1 759 
 1761 
 1768 
 1764 
 1765 
 1771 
 
 177-2 
 1778 
 1782 
 1785 
 
 1786 
 
 1787 
 1793 
 1791 
 1795 
 
 1796 
 1798 
 1801 
 1805 
 1807 
 
 1808 
 1809 
 1818 
 1815 
 1816 
 1827 
 1838 
 
 1844 
 
 1840 
 1852 
 
 1855 
 1856 
 
 1857 
 
 William Denny. 
 
 (Charles Dingee. 
 
 George Dillwyn, merchant. 
 
 John Dickenson, Esq. 
 
 William Dickenson. 
 
 Sliarpe Delany, druggist. 
 
 Daniel Drinker, merc^hant. 
 
 Samuel Duffield, M.D. 
 
 Benedict Dorsej', grocer. 
 
 Joseph Dean. 
 
 Henry Diering, of Lancaster. 
 
 Leonard Dorse^'. 
 
 William Dawson. 
 
 John Donnaldson. 
 
 AVillinm Delany. 
 
 John David, silversmith. 
 
 John Dorsey. 
 
 Andrew Douglas. 
 
 Jonathan Dawes. 
 
 John E>unlap, printer. 
 
 Abijah Dawes. 
 
 Robert Dawson, merchant. 
 
 William Dillwyn, of Great Britain. 
 
 William P. Dewees, M.D. 
 
 Florimond Dusar, merchant. 
 
 John Syng Dorsey, M.D. 
 
 Samuel F. Dawes, merchant. 
 
 John Dayton. 
 
 Jacob Downing. 
 
 David Jones Davis, M.D. 
 
 Bernard Dahlgren. 
 
 Isaac Davis, tanner. 
 
 Nathan Dunn, merchant. 
 
 Mordecai L. Dawson, brewer. 
 
 William H. Dillingham, attorney- 
 
 at-law. 
 James Dundas. 
 William M. Dawson. 
 Joseph Dingee. 
 Alexander J. Derbyshire. 
 Benj. J. Douglas. 
 Joseph H. Dullas. 
 Dallett Brothers. 
 Dawson & Hancock. 
 Isaac R. Davis. 
 Levi Dickson. 
 James N. Dickson. 
 Sally N. Dickinson. 
 Josiah Dawson. 
 Benj. Davis. 
 Ellwood Davis. 
 Gillies Dallett. 
 Henry Duhring. 
 Sophia Donaldson. 
 Elijah Dallett. 
 John Devereus. 
 Mrs. Richard C. Dale. 
 Charles Dutilth. 
 Ferdinand J. Dreer. 
 Michael Day.
 
 125 
 
 1857 
 
 James C. Donnell. 
 
 1787 
 
 John Elliott, druggist. 
 
 i< 
 
 William A. Drown. 
 
 1796 
 
 John Elliott, Jr., druggist. 
 
 1858 
 
 John C. Uavis. 
 
 1798 
 
 Samuel Elam, merchant of R. 1. 
 
 « 
 
 Dr. James C. Darracb. 
 
 " 
 
 Robert Elam, merchant of G. B. 
 
 1859 
 
 J. Perot Downiug. 
 
 " 
 
 Gervas Elam, merchant of G. B. 
 
 " 
 
 Ilaward W. Driiyton. 
 
 1800 Josiah Evans, plasterer. 
 
 " 
 
 John A. Dougherty. 
 
 " 
 
 Edward Evans, plasterer. 
 
 " 
 
 Charles A. Dougherty. 
 
 1802 
 
 Nathan Eyre, tailor. 
 
 " 
 
 William H. Dougherty. 
 
 1803 
 
 Hugh Ely, merchant. 
 
 " 
 
 William Divine. 
 
 1806 
 
 Joseph Bennett Eves, merchant. 
 
 " 
 
 P'lizabeth Dawson. 
 
 " 
 
 Jonathan Evans, lumber mer 
 
 " 
 
 Edward M. Davis, Jr. 
 
 
 chant. 
 
 " 
 
 William Dill worth. 
 
 1807 
 
 Charles C. Evans, carpenter. 
 
 " 
 
 Stanton Dorsey. 
 
 1809 
 
 Alexander Elmslie, merchant. 
 
 " 
 
 William Dorsey. 
 
 1810 
 
 Ann K. Eyre. 
 
 " 
 
 Danforth, Wright & Co. 
 
 1813 
 
 Maria K. Eyre. 
 
 " 
 
 Mrs. Joseph H. Dulles. 
 
 1822 
 
 Samuel Emlen, M.D. 
 
 ti 
 
 H. T. Desilver. 
 
 1826 
 
 Governeur Emerson, M.D. 
 
 " 
 
 Wm. Heyward Drayton. 
 
 1833 
 
 Isaac Elliott, conveyancer. 
 
 18 GO 
 
 Tiiomas Drake. 
 
 " 
 
 Charles Evans, M.D. 
 
 " 
 
 Miss M. Dixon. 
 
 1840 Thomas Evans, apothecary. 
 
 " 
 
 Miss S. Dixon. 
 
 1845 
 
 Charles Ellis, apothecary. 
 
 (( 
 
 Mrs. R. C. Dale. 
 
 1847 
 
 Adam Eckfeldt. 
 
 " 
 
 Charles Desilver. 
 
 1850 
 
 George M. Elkintou. 
 
 " 
 
 Mrs. John Dallett. 
 
 1852 
 
 William Ellis. 
 
 " 
 
 Wm. Dunlap. 
 
 " 
 
 Lindley M. Elton. 
 
 1864 
 
 John Dobson. 
 
 1855 
 
 Joshua P. Eyre. 
 
 " 
 
 Mary A. Derbyshire. 
 
 1856 
 
 Thomas Estlack. 
 
 1865 
 
 Anthony .J. Drexel. 
 
 " 
 
 Samael W. Earl. 
 
 " 
 
 Smedley Darlington. 
 
 " 
 
 John Eisenbray, Jr. 
 
 «' 
 
 De Haven & Brother. 
 
 " 
 
 Thomas Earp. 
 
 " 
 
 J. M. DaCosta, M.D. 
 
 " 
 
 Michael Errickson. 
 
 1867 
 
 Henry Disston. 
 
 " 
 
 Andrew M. East wick. 
 
 " 
 
 Drexel & Co. 
 
 " 
 
 John B. Ellison & Sons. 
 
 <i 
 
 J. Kussell Dawson. 
 
 <« 
 
 Charles Ellis & Co. 
 
 1868 
 
 Henry K. Dillard. 
 
 «' 
 
 Edward Evans. 
 
 " 
 
 Wm. A. Drown, Jr. 
 
 n 
 
 John T. Epplesheimer. 
 
 1872 
 
 Moses A. Dropsie. 
 
 1857 
 
 Joseph H. Evans. 
 Rowland 0. Evans. 
 George W. Edwards. 
 
 
 E. 
 
 i( 
 
 Robert Ewing. 
 Thomas Earp, Jr. 
 
 1754 
 
 George Emlen, Sr., brewer. 
 
 " 
 
 Evans & Watson. 
 
 " 
 
 Samuel Emlen. 
 
 1858 
 
 Horace Evans, M.D. 
 
 «« 
 
 Jeremiah Elfreth. 
 
 " 
 
 John Evans. 
 
 " 
 
 Thomas Ellis, glazier. 
 
 1859 
 
 J. Livingston Erringer. 
 
 '< 
 
 Edward Evans, shoemaker. 
 
 '• 
 
 Wm. Ebbs. 
 
 1 755 
 
 Joshua Emlen. 
 
 I860 
 
 Jane Evans. 
 
 1756 
 
 Jonathan Evans. 
 
 " 
 
 R. and M. Ely. 
 
 1758 
 
 Robert Erwin. 
 
 " 
 
 William Evans, Jr. 
 
 " 
 
 James Eddy. 
 
 (1 
 
 Mrs. John II. Irwin. 
 
 1761 
 
 Andrew Elliott. 
 
 1864 John Eisenbery & Sons. 
 
 1766 
 
 'I'homas Eastburn. 
 
 " 
 
 J. Wistar Evans. 
 
 1771 
 
 John Evans, halter. 
 
 " 
 
 Adam Evcrly. 
 
 1773 
 
 Joel Evans. 
 
 1865 
 
 Joiin Elliott. 
 
 1781 
 
 George Emlen, Jr. 
 
 " 
 
 Lucy 11. Eildy. 
 
 1785 
 
 Thomas Ewing. 
 
 i( 
 
 William lillnisley. 
 
 " 
 
 I'aul Engle. 
 
 >< 
 
 Rebecca Elnisley. 
 
 1786 
 
 George Eddy. 
 
 i( 
 
 Ann Elmslcy. 
 
 1787 
 
 Thomas Eddy. 
 
 " 
 
 Elizabeth Elmsby.
 
 12G 
 
 18f)6 Thomus Karle. 
 1870 Cli;»rlos Kviuis. 
 1873 Mary L Krwiii. 
 1870 John Kmbley. 
 
 1751 Williiim Fislibourne. 
 " Joshua Fisher. 
 
 " Enoch Flowers. 
 
 " Joseph Fox. 
 
 " Benj.-unin Franklin, printer. 
 
 1752 Richartl Farmer, M.D 
 
 ■'• Solomon Fussel, merchant. 
 
 1754 Hugh Forbes. 
 
 " William Franklin. 
 " William Fisher. 
 
 1755 Standisli Ford, innkeeper. 
 " U.ivid Franks. 
 
 1756 Plunket Fleeson. 
 
 1758 Judah Foulke. 
 " Samuel Fisher. 
 " Lester Falkuer. 
 
 1759 John Franks. 
 
 1764 Ferdinand Farmer. 
 " Robert Field. 
 
 1765 John Fothergill, M.D. 
 1768 Thomas Fisher. 
 
 " Captain Nathaniel Falconer. 
 
 1770 Caleb Foulke. 
 
 1771 Samuel Fisher, Jr. 
 
 1772 Thomas Forrest. 
 
 " William Fisher, Jr. 
 " John Field, merchant. 
 
 1775 Samuel Fisher, hatter. 
 
 1776 Ludwig Falkenstine. 
 1782 William Forbes. 
 
 1784 John Foulke, M D. 
 
 1785 Miers Fisher. 
 
 1786 William Folwell. 
 " George Fox. 
 
 " Nalbro Frazer. 
 
 " Joseph Few. 
 1794 Samuel M. Fox, merchant. 
 1796 James C. Fisher, merchant. 
 
 1801 John Folwell, merchant. 
 
 " Samuel W. Fisher, merchant. 
 
 1802 Walter Franklin, attorney-at-law 
 
 1807 Thomas W. Francis, merchant. 
 
 1808 Redwood Fisher, merchant. 
 1811 Robert Fielding, coachmaker. 
 1819 Samuel Fox, brickmaker. 
 1824 William W. Fisher. 
 
 1826 Samuel M. Fox, M.D. 
 1829 William B. Fling. 
 
 1833 Stephen G. Fotterall. 
 
 1834 Alexander Fullerton, Jr., drug- 
 
 gist. 
 
 1835 George Fox, M.D. 
 
 1844 Samuel T. Fisher. 
 
 1845 John Farmim, merchant. 
 " .Mary 1'. Fisher. 
 
 1848 Frederick Fraley. 
 1852 Aaron Fogg. 
 
 " W S. Forbes, M.D. 
 
 1855 Joseph Fisher. 
 " Alfred Fassett. 
 
 " Jason L. Fennimore. 
 
 1856 George W. Farnuiu. 
 
 " Biirtholoniew Wistar Fellows. 
 
 " Fearons & Smith. 
 
 " Charles Henry Fisher. 
 
 " John Fallon. 
 
 " Christopher Fallon. 
 
 " F. T. Fiqueira. 
 
 " . Field & Keehmle. 
 
 " Fales, Lothrop & Co. 
 
 " David Faust. 
 
 " J. Gillingham Fell. 
 
 " Rodney Fisher. 
 
 " John C. Farr. 
 
 " Alexander Fullerton. 
 
 1857 Charles 1'. Fox. 
 " Franklin Fell. 
 
 " William B. Foster. 
 
 " George W. Fobes. 
 
 " Stephen Fuquet. 
 
 " B. A. Fahnestock. 
 
 " James Field. 
 
 '♦ Henry Flin<i. 
 
 " William Fling (Mcht.). 
 
 " Mrs. William Fling. 
 
 " J. Francis Fisher. 
 
 " Mary P. Fisher. 
 
 " George AV. Farnura. 
 
 1858 Field & Hardie. 
 " John M.Ford. 
 
 " Furness, Brinley & Co. 
 
 " Charles S. Folwell. 
 
 1859 H. N. Fitzgerald. 
 
 " B. B. Fahnestock & Co. 
 
 " Frederick Fairthorn. 
 
 " French, Richards & Co. 
 
 " Jacob Freas. 
 
 " A. J. Flomerfelt. 
 
 " Fithian, Jones & Co. 
 
 " Eliza G. Fisher. 
 
 " Ellen Fisher. 
 
 1860 William B. Foster, Jr. 
 
 " jMrs. G. W. Fahnestock. 
 
 " Thomas Firth. 
 
 " Miss Mary Fox. 
 
 " Wm. H. French. 
 
 " Mrs. and Miss W. W. Fisher. 
 
 " Elizabeth H. Farnum. 
 
 " Susan Farnum. 
 
 " Mary Farnum. 
 
 1864 Frothingham & Wells. 
 
 1865 Charles A. Farnham.
 
 127 
 
 1865 
 
 Rebecca Ann Fell. 
 
 1817 
 
 .John R. Griffiths, slater. 
 
 " 
 
 Fricken & Williams. 
 
 1818 
 
 James R. Greeves, carpenter. 
 
 1867 
 
 George Fales. 
 
 " 
 
 Samuel Griscom. 
 
 " 
 
 Samuel M. Fox. 
 
 1821 
 
 AVilliam Gibson, M.D. 
 
 " 
 
 John Fngan. 
 
 1885 
 
 William W. Gerhard, M.D. 
 
 " 
 
 Filler, Weaver & Co. 
 
 1836 
 
 Thomas George, iron merchant. 
 
 " 
 
 Fara & Brothers. 
 
 1842 
 
 Benjamin Gerhard, attorney-at 
 
 " 
 
 S. & J. M. Flanagan. 
 
 
 law. 
 
 " 
 
 John W. Forney. 
 
 1852 
 
 James Galiiard. 
 
 i< 
 
 Charles J. Fields. 
 
 " 
 
 Thomas Greeves. 
 
 1876 
 
 Eliza Freeman. 
 
 1853 
 
 George Gordon. 
 Charles Gibbons. 
 
 
 6. 
 
 1855 
 
 Henry Grove. 
 Eliza P. Gurney. 
 
 ]751 
 
 Thomas Grseme, M.D. 
 
 " 
 
 Robert E. Gray. 
 
 " 
 
 Isaac Greenleafe. 
 
 " 
 
 Rebecca Gumbes. 
 
 " 
 
 William Griffiths. 
 
 1856 
 
 Grove & Brother. 
 
 1754 
 
 George Gray, brewer. 
 
 " 
 
 William E. Garrett. 
 
 " 
 
 William Grant. 
 
 " 
 
 William Glading. 
 
 " 
 
 Joseph Galloway. 
 
 (( 
 
 William D. Gillespie. 
 
 '< 
 
 Isaac Garrigues. 
 
 " 
 
 John Gibson. 
 
 " 
 
 Joseph Gibbons. 
 
 (1 
 
 John Grigg. 
 
 " 
 
 Walter Goodman. 
 
 " 
 
 Samuel Grant, Jr. 
 
 " 
 
 Thomas Gordon. 
 
 " 
 
 L. W. Glenn. 
 
 " 
 
 Christian Grassheld, tailor. 
 
 " 
 
 Edward Garrett. 
 
 " 
 
 Joseph Greenway. 
 
 " 
 
 Henry R. Gilbert. 
 
 1755 
 
 Joseph Gray. 
 
 1857 
 
 John Garrison. 
 
 " 
 
 Nathaniel Grubb. 
 
 <( 
 
 Greiner & Harkness. 
 
 " 
 
 David George. 
 
 " 
 
 Jnne Gibbous. 
 
 " 
 
 Joseph Gamble, of P.arbadoes. 
 
 " 
 
 Eliza Ann Graff. 
 
 " 
 
 George Gray, Jr., Lower Ferry. 
 
 " 
 
 Gans, Leberman & Co. 
 
 1757 
 
 Sebastian Graff. 
 
 " 
 
 Isaac P. Garrett. 
 
 «' 
 
 John Goodwin, Jr. 
 
 " 
 
 .lohn R. Gheen. 
 
 1761 
 
 John Grandom, tailor. 
 
 '< 
 
 Francis R. Gatchel. 
 
 (( 
 
 •John Gibson. 
 
 " 
 
 Jesse George. 
 
 1762 
 
 Lawrence Growdon, Esq. 
 
 1858 
 
 John Gilbert & Co. 
 
 «« 
 
 William Gibbons. 
 
 " 
 
 Henry D. Gilpin. 
 
 1763 Jacob Graff, bricklaj-er. 
 
 " 
 
 William Gaul. 
 
 1865 
 
 Lord Adam Gordon. 
 
 " 
 
 John Gibson, Son & Co. 
 
 " 
 
 Andrew Henry Grotli. 
 
 " 
 
 T. L. Gillespie. 
 
 1769 
 
 William Gale, of Jamaica. 
 
 1859 
 
 G. W. Gorgas. 
 
 <« 
 
 Henry Hale Graham, of Chester 
 
 " 
 
 David George. 
 
 
 Co. 
 
 " 
 
 Abraham Gibbons. 
 
 1770 
 
 James Glenn. 
 
 " 
 
 James Graham & Co. 
 
 1788 
 
 Samuel Garrigues, Jr. 
 
 " 
 
 Eliza Gilpin. 
 
 1786 
 
 Stephen Girard. 
 
 " 
 
 Rebecca George. 
 
 1788 
 
 Samuel P. Griffitts, M.D. 
 
 " 
 
 William F. Griffiths. 
 
 1790 
 
 Benjamin Gibbs. 
 
 " 
 
 Edwin Greble. 
 
 1795 
 
 Thomas Greeves, merchant. 
 
 " 
 
 Elizabeth Greeves. 
 
 1790 
 
 Francis Gurtiey. merchant. 
 
 1 860 
 
 Robert II. Gratz. 
 
 " 
 
 Josiah WiUard Gibbs 
 
 1865 
 
 V. &. J. F. Gilpin. 
 
 " 
 
 Thomas George, of IJlockley. 
 
 " 
 
 Rebecca Gratz. 
 
 " 
 
 Edward Garrigues, carpenter. 
 
 1866 
 
 Mary Gilbert. 
 
 1801 
 
 Peter Grellet, merchant 
 
 1867 
 
 Gaw, Bflcon & Co. 
 
 1806 
 
 Abraham i\I. Garrigues, mer- 
 
 " 
 
 Walter Garrett. 
 
 
 chant. 
 
 «' 
 
 William E. Garrett, Jr. 
 
 1807 
 
 William Gerhard, farrier. 
 
 " 
 
 Louis A. Godey. 
 
 1812 
 
 Thomas Gilfiin. 
 
 << 
 
 Rebecca (libson. 
 
 " 
 
 Joshua Gilpin. 
 
 1870 
 
 E. 15. Gardctte. 
 
 1815 
 
 Simon Gratz, merchant. 
 
 " 
 
 John F. Gilpin.
 
 128 
 
 
 11. 
 
 1772 
 1775 
 
 ITol 
 
 Diiviil Flrtll. 
 Ail.im H.uker. 
 
 <, 
 
 " 
 
 .Vieiit llasMMt. 
 
 1781 
 
 " 
 
 Joslui:i llowi'll. 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 John lliiglies. 
 
 1782 
 
 17o2 
 
 Siuniu'l llnzirJ, merchant. 
 
 1783 
 
 1754 
 
 Edward Hicks. 
 
 " 
 
 '• 
 
 Charles Harrison. 
 
 1785 
 
 " 
 
 AHchuel Hillejias, merchant. 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 George Hitner, shopkeeper. 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Enoch Holiart. 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Thomns Holland, merchant. 
 
 " 
 
 
 Michael Holling, baker. 
 
 1786 
 
 
 Samuel Howell, merchant. 
 
 " 
 
 
 William Hudson, farmer. 
 
 " 
 
 1 Too 
 
 John Ilatkinson. 
 Hufih Hewe.«. 
 
 1787 
 
 175G 
 
 William Hopkins. 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Thomas Hallowell, bricklayer. 
 
 1793 
 
 " 
 
 Joseph Hillborn, merchant. 
 
 1795 
 
 " 
 
 Charles IHiniplueys. 
 
 1796 
 
 1757 
 
 Joshua Humphreys (in lumber). 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Eleanor Hair. 
 
 1797 
 
 1758 
 
 John Head. 
 
 1798 
 
 " 
 
 Samuel House, merchant. 
 
 1800 
 
 «' 
 
 Eden Haydock, plumber. 
 
 1801 
 
 " 
 
 Josiah Hewes. 
 
 >' 
 
 1759 
 
 James Hamilton, Governor. 
 
 1803 
 
 • ' 
 
 Benjamin Hooton. 
 
 1P06 
 
 " 
 
 Robert Hamilton, of Manchester, 
 
 " 
 
 
 Eng. 
 
 1807 
 
 " 
 
 James Humphreys. 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Henry Harrison. 
 
 
 1760 
 
 William Henderson. 
 
 1810 
 
 1761 
 
 Andrew Hannis. 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Roger Hunt, Esq. 
 
 1811 
 
 " 
 
 Jonathan Harbine. 
 
 " 
 
 1762 
 
 John Hunt. 
 
 " 
 
 •' 
 
 Adam Hoops. 
 
 1812 
 
 " 
 
 Richard Hookley. 
 
 1821 
 
 " 
 
 John Hannum, Esq. 
 
 1822 
 
 " 
 
 Abraham Hendrick. 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Reuben Haines, brewer. 
 
 1827 
 
 1764 
 
 Benjamin Hammet, Loudon. 
 Henry Hill. 
 
 1828 
 
 n 
 
 1765 John Howard. 
 
 " 
 
 t( 
 
 Amos Hillborn. 
 
 1829 
 
 «' 
 
 Samuel Hudson, merchant. 
 
 " 
 
 1766 
 
 George Halneker. 
 
 1831 
 
 1768 
 
 William Hoffman, sugar-baker. 
 Isaac Howell, brewer. 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Francis Hopkinson. 
 
 1834 
 
 t< 
 
 James Hunter, merchant. 
 
 " 
 
 1769 
 
 Benjamin Harbeson, copper- 
 
 " 
 
 
 smith. 
 
 1 835 
 
 " 
 
 Jacob Harman. 
 
 1836 
 
 1771 
 
 Adam Hubley. 
 Thomas Harpur. 
 
 '* 
 
 Samuel Howell, Jr. 
 
 James Hartley. 
 
 William Hall. 
 
 Captain Robert Hardie. 
 
 Israel Hallowell. 
 
 John Hood. 
 
 John Hublej'. 
 
 Hugh Howell. 
 
 Robert Haydock. 
 
 John Head, Jr. 
 
 Samuel Hodgdon. 
 
 Godfrey Haga, merchant. 
 
 Rattison Hartshorne, merchant. 
 
 Levi Hollingsworth. 
 
 Caspar Wistar Haines. 
 
 John Hart. 
 
 Richard Hartshorne. 
 
 Goorge Hunter, M.D. 
 
 Isaac ILizlehurst. 
 
 Joseph Henszey. 
 
 Jacob Hiltzheimer. 
 
 Anna Head (Stewardson). 
 
 Catharine Haines. 
 
 Isaac Harvej', Jr., merchant. 
 
 Paschal Hollingsworth, merch't. 
 
 Francis Higgins, Steward of P. H. 
 
 James Hutton, ironmonger. 
 
 Adam Herkness, stonecutter. 
 
 Thomas T. Hewson, M.D. 
 
 Benjamin Horner, mei'chant. 
 
 Henry Hollingsworth, merchant. 
 
 Reuben Haines. 
 
 Joseph E. Howell. 
 
 Philip Whitfield Harvey, of Dub- 
 lin, printer. 
 
 Thomas Haskins, merchant. 
 
 Robert E. Hobart. 
 
 Joseph Hartshorne, M.D. 
 
 Benjamin B. Howell. 
 
 Talbot Haiiiilton. 
 
 Joseph P. Horner. 
 
 Samuel Haydock, plumber. 
 
 William L. Hodge, merch.ant. 
 
 Rowland Parry Heylin, M.D. 
 
 Hugh L. Hodge, M D. 
 
 Erskine Hazard. 
 
 Joshua Haven. 
 
 Thomas Harris, M.D. 
 
 Robert M. Huston, M.D. 
 
 George Harrison. 
 
 William E. Horner, M.D. 
 
 George Handy, hardware mer- 
 chant. 
 
 Hugh F. Hollingshead. 
 
 James Hutchinson. 
 
 Richard Harlan, M.D. 
 
 John Haseltine. 
 
 Thomas Hutchinson. 
 
 John G. Hoskins. 
 
 William Harris, M.D.
 
 129 
 
 1841 
 
 Joseph C. Harris, broker. 
 
 1858 
 
 1843 
 
 Edward llartshorne, M.U. 
 
 " 
 
 1845 
 
 Robert P. Harris, M.D. 
 William Heinbel. 
 J. Pemberton Hutchinson. 
 William E. Hacker, merchant. 
 I.saiah [lacker, merchant. 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Jeremiah Hacker, merchant. 
 
 1859 
 
 " 
 
 William R. Hanson. 
 
 i( 
 
 1846 
 
 A. FuUerton Hazard, druggist. 
 Jolin Hinkle, butcher. 
 
 u 
 
 1852 
 
 Wm. D. Hunt, M.D. 
 John Harding, Jr. 
 
 (1 
 
 1855 
 
 Wra. P. Hinds. 
 
 '< 
 
 1856 
 
 Josiah L. Harvey. 
 Henry Hartshorne, M.D. 
 Heron & Martin. 
 A. Douglass Hall, M.D. 
 Hildeburne & Bros. 
 Charles Humphries. 
 
 t( 
 
 " 
 
 James C. Hand. 
 
 1860 
 
 <( 
 
 Arthur H. Howell. 
 
 t( 
 
 " 
 
 Joseph Howell. 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 William 11. Hart. 
 
 t( 
 
 " 
 
 Benj. P. Hutchinson. 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 George L. Harrison. 
 
 18G3 
 
 " 
 
 Edward M. Hopkins. 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Henry EI. Houston. 
 
 1864 
 
 " 
 
 Daniel B. Hinman. 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Hoskins, Heiskell & Co. 
 
 " 
 
 •' 
 
 Aaron A. Hurley. 
 
 '< 
 
 (1 
 
 Haywood, per Hawkins. 
 Mary Hibbard. 
 William Hay. 
 ?4rs. W. E. Hornor. 
 Abraham Hart. 
 
 1865 
 ti 
 
 (( 
 
 1857 
 
 Herman Haupt. 
 
 Morris L. Hallowell & Co. 
 
 (( 
 
 «< 
 
 Marshall Hill. 
 
 1866 
 
 " 
 
 Philip R. Howard. 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Ann Harris. 
 
 1867 
 
 '« 
 
 G. Craig Heberton, M.D. 
 
 " 
 
 '• 
 
 S. K. Hoxie. 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Thomas P. Hoopes. 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Isaac T. Hacker. 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 Samuel Huston. 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 William S. Hausell. 
 
 " 
 
 •< 
 (1 
 
 S. P. Hancock. 
 William Howell. 
 George Howell. 
 
 I 
 
 
 John A. Howell. 
 George Henderson. 
 N. P. & S. W. Hacker. 
 Robert Ifansell. 
 May Humphries. 
 Alexander K Horn. 
 
 (I 
 
 11 
 li 
 11 
 
 1858 
 
 Ilaibert & Davis. 
 William C. Houston. 
 James Harmer. 
 Howard & Co. 
 
 9 
 
 1868 
 
 A. W. Harrison. 
 W. J. Horstman. 
 Lewis Hayward. 
 Silas F. Herring. 
 Joseph Htirrison, Jr. 
 W. S. Helmuth, M.D. 
 George Helmuth. 
 Addinell Hewson, M.D. 
 Edward Hopper. 
 Alfred M. Harkness. 
 Curtis Hoopes. 
 Christian J. HofiFman. 
 Jules Hauel. 
 Geo. W. Harris. 
 Heilwan & Rank. 
 John Plulme. 
 Mrs. W. Helmuth. 
 Charles H. Hutchinson. 
 Margaret J. Handy. 
 Dr. Jas. H. Hutchinson. 
 William Hopper. 
 Mrs. M. A. Hodgson. 
 James Harper. 
 Morris L. Hallowell. 
 Mrs. Geo. L. Harrison. 
 George R. Harmstead. 
 Samuel Hutchinson. 
 Spencer H. Hazard. 
 Hoopes & Townsend. 
 Joseph Howell & Co. 
 T. C. Henry & Co. 
 Daniel Hendrie. 
 Morris Haclcer. 
 William Hacker. 
 Paschall Hacker. 
 J. Barclay Hacker. 
 T. G. Hollingsworth, Ex'rs of. 
 Henry Haines. 
 Jane R. Haines. 
 Anton Heppman. 
 Hammitt cSi Neal. 
 Hoyt & Brother. 
 James C. Hand & Co. 
 Margaretta Hutchinson. 
 Emlen Hulchinsoii. 
 William Harmer. 
 Homer, Colladay & Co. 
 Dr. Henry C. Hart. 
 Marshall Henzey. 
 Edwin Henderson. 
 Julia Harvey. 
 Barnabas Hammitt. 
 Howell Brothers. 
 James G. ilardie. 
 Wm. P. & Geo. W. Hacker. 
 Madame Hardy. 
 Mrs. E. Hayward. 
 Houston & Collins. 
 I J. Henry Henlz. 
 W. II. liorstmau & Sons.
 
 130 
 
 18G0 Ann TTcrtzoji. 
 
 " Mrtsscy Huston. 
 
 " Alfred Hunt. 
 1870 Elizabeth M. Hacker. 
 
 " Hannah M. Hacker. 
 
 " George 0. Harlan, M.D. 
 H. Lenox Hodge. M.l>. 
 
 1872 George W. Hainmersle}'. 
 
 1873 .Taraes Hopkins. 
 
 1874 Chns. T. Hunter. 
 
 187(? Dr. Willianj Barton Hopkins. 
 
 I & J. 
 
 1751 Derrick Janson. 
 " Cliarles Jones. 
 " Abel James. 
 
 " Isaac Jones, Esq. 
 
 1752 Robert Jenney, LL.D., ^Minister 
 
 of Christ Church. 
 " Matthew Johns, cooper. 
 
 1754 John Jones, shoemaker. 
 
 " Robert Jones, of Lower Marion. 
 " Joseph Johnson, tinman. 
 
 1755 Joseph James. 
 
 " Joseph Jackman, of Birbadoe.s. 
 
 1759 William Jones. 
 
 " Joseph Jones, of Plymouth. 
 
 " William Ibison. 
 
 1761 Captain Daniel Joy. 
 
 •' Edward Jones, baker. 
 " Abraham Jadah. 
 
 1762 Jacob Jones, baker. 
 1765 Joseph Jacobs. 
 
 " John Jekyll. 
 1768 Jacob Joner. of Lancaster Co. 
 
 " Richard Jackson, Esq., of Lon- 
 don. 
 1770 Isaac Jones, carpenter. 
 
 1773 Robert Strettel Jones. 
 
 1 774 John James. 
 
 1775 Owen Jones, Jr., merchant. 
 
 1776 William Johnson. 
 1779 Matthew Irwin. 
 
 1784 Herbert Jones. 
 
 1785 Ezra Jones. 
 
 1786 Leonard Jacoby. 
 " Norris Jones. 
 
 1787 Dominick Joyce. 
 
 •' David Jackson, M.D. 
 '• Richard Jones. 
 
 1788 John Johnson, of Germantown. 
 
 1794 John Jorden, grocer. 
 
 1795 Jonathan Jones, merchant. 
 1801 Isaac H. Jackson, merchant. 
 1803 Thomas Jones, merchant. 
 
 " James Jones, farmer. 
 1807 Thomas C. James, M.D. 
 1809 Joseph Jones. 
 
 1813 
 1817 
 1819 
 
 1820 
 
 1822 
 1826 
 1831 
 1841 
 1844 
 1846 
 1847 
 
 1848 
 1852 
 1855 
 
 1856 
 
 1857 
 
 1858 
 
 1859 
 
 1860 
 1861 
 
 1864 
 
 Joseph .Johnson, ship chandler. 
 
 Joseph L. Ingles. 
 
 Isaac C. Jones, merchant. 
 
 Samuel T. Jones. 
 
 George W. Jones, painter. 
 
 Jonathan Jones, of Bordeaux. 
 
 Alexander W. Johnston. 
 
 Joseph H, Jenks, flour merchant. 
 
 George M. Justice. 
 
 William P. Johnston, ^\.D. 
 
 Watson Jenks, flour merchant. 
 
 John Jordan, Jr., grocer. 
 
 Caleb Jones. 
 
 Antoinette Jordan. 
 
 David Jayne, .M.D., druggist. 
 
 Samuel Jeans. 
 
 James R. Ingersol. 
 
 Joshua T. Jeans. 
 
 Robert S. Johnson. 
 William D. Jones. 
 Jno. 0. James. 
 Samuel W. Jones. 
 Lawrence Johnson. 
 John Jordon, Jr. 
 Joseph Jones. 
 
 Benjamin S. Janney, M D. 
 John H. Irwin. 
 Jeans & Scattergood. 
 Samuel N. Jones. 
 Jauretche & Carstairs. 
 Louis lungerich. 
 Joseph R. Ingersoll. 
 
 George R. Justice. 
 
 Thomas Jeans. 
 
 Israel H. Johnson. 
 
 Joseph Jeans. 
 Lewis Jans. 
 
 Jacob P. Jones. 
 
 Andrew M. Jones. 
 Alfred D. Jessup. 
 
 Chas. C. Jackson. 
 
 Thomas C. James. 
 
 James, Jeffries & Co. 
 
 .Tames, Kent & Santee. 
 
 Mrs. Joseph Jones. 
 
 Mrs. A. D. Jessup. 
 
 Frederick L. John. 
 
 Ruth Johnson. 
 
 Chalkley Jeffries. 
 
 B. Muse Jones. 
 
 Eben C. Jayne. 
 
 David W. Jayne. 
 
 Mrs. Samuel W. Jones. 
 
 Charles M. Jackson. 
 
 Mrs. B. Muse Jones. 
 
 Samuel Johnson. 
 
 Randolph & Jenks. 
 
 Philip S. Justice. 
 
 Isaac T. Jones. 
 
 Jay Cooke & Co.
 
 131 
 
 1864 Wm. P. Jenks. 
 18(55 Samuel Jones. 
 
 " Mrs. Edward C. lungerich. 
 
 " S. Harvey Jones. 
 
 " Eliza F. Johnson. 
 
 1866 Lewis C. lungerich. 
 
 1867 Sidney G. Johns. 
 
 " Isaac C. Jones, Jr. 
 " John H. Irwin. 
 " Owen Jones. 
 
 1868 John W. Jordon. 
 186'J Napoleon A. Jennings. 
 1870 Ewing Jordon. 
 
 " Charles Ingersoll. 
 " Russell H. Johnson. 
 
 K. 
 
 1751 Joseph King. 
 " Matthias Koplin. 
 
 1754 Peter Keen, merchant. 
 " Mahlon Kirkbride. 
 
 " Paulus Kripner, shopkeeper. 
 
 " Marcus Kuhl. 
 
 " Edward Kuhl. 
 
 " Matthias Kensil, inkeeper. 
 
 1755 John Kearsley, M.D. 
 
 " John Knowles (in lumber). 
 
 1756 Edmund Kearney. 
 1750 Benjamin Kendal. 
 
 1761 Henry Kepple, merchant. 
 " Philip Kinsey. 
 
 1762 George Kreeble. 
 
 1769 Reynold Keen, alderman. 
 
 1770 Adam Kuhn, M.D. 
 1786 John Kaighn. 
 
 " Peter Knight. 
 
 " Frederick Kuhl. 
 1798 George Krebs. 
 1801 Frederick Kisselman, merchant. 
 
 " Reay King, merchant. 
 1807 Elisha Kane, merchant. 
 1814 Edmund Kimber. 
 1818 Hartman Kuhn. 
 1821 John Kenworthy, painter. 
 1835 Thomas S. Kirkbride, M.U. 
 1841 Thomas Kimber, merchatit. 
 
 1855 Hartman Kuhn. 
 " William C. Kent. 
 
 1856 Ed. C. Knight. 
 
 " Thomas Kimber, Jr. 
 " Frederick V. Krug. 
 *' David Kirkpatiick. 
 '' William Kirkham. 
 '' Dennis Kelley. 
 " II. Kellogg & Sons. 
 
 1857 Edwin T. Kirpatrick. 
 " John Kirkbride. 
 
 " liowlaud Kirpatrick. 
 
 1857 Robert Kelton. 
 " Willinm Kirk. 
 " Isaac Koons. 
 
 1858 Charles Koons. 
 
 " Ann W. Kirkbride. ^ 
 " Anne J. Kirkbride. 
 '' Jos. John Kirkbride. 
 " Josiah Kisterbock. 
 " Reeve L. Knight. 
 
 1859 Kirkpatrick, De Haven & Co. 
 " Charles Kelly. 
 
 " Elizabeth Kirkbride. 
 " John Ketchum. 
 " Catharine Klingman. 
 " Ann M. Knight. 
 1864 Alfred J. Kay. 
 
 1866 Edwin Kirkpatrick. 
 
 1867 Wm. H. Kirpatrick. 
 
 " Adam A. Konigmacher. 
 " Lizzie 1>. Kirkbride. 
 " Charles M. King, M.D. 
 
 1751 Thomas Lightfoot. 
 
 " Thomas Lawrence, Jr. 
 " Joseph Leech. 
 " Jacob Lewis. 
 
 1752 Joseph Lownes. 
 
 " Benjamin Loxley, carpenter (in 
 VFork). 
 
 1754 William Logan. 
 
 1755 John Luke, of Barbadoes. 
 
 1756 James Lownes. 
 " John Lynn. 
 
 " Philip Ludwell, of Virginia. 
 
 1757 Benjamin Lay. 
 
 1758 William Lightfoot. 
 
 1759 Jeptha Lewis, of Gwynedd. 
 •' Samuel Lloyd, merchant. 
 
 1760 Samuel Lewis, carpenter. 
 
 1761 Thomas Livezey, Jr. 
 
 " John Lukens, Surveyor-General. 
 " Thomas Leech. 
 
 1763 John Lownes. 
 
 1764 Joseph Lancaster, joiner. 
 
 1765 William Lloyd. 
 
 1766 Christopher Ludwick, baker. 
 
 " Oeoigh Legh, Vicar of Halifax, 
 G. B. 
 
 1770 Ellis Lewis. 
 
 1771 Captain Charles Lyon. 
 1775 Mordecai Lewis. 
 1780 (Jeorge Logan, M.D. 
 
 1785 Thomas Lieper. 
 " George Ludlam. 
 
 1786 Abraham Liddon. 
 " Ebenezer Large. 
 " Natlianiel Lewis.
 
 132 
 
 1786 Willii^m Lowis, merchant. 
 
 " Willimu I,ewis, n(torney-ivt-law. 
 
 17S7 llonrv Linul, M.D. (iiieiiicincs). 
 
 171>1 Roboi-t Lowis. 
 
 179- William Lucas. 
 
 1701 Josepli Lownes, silversmitli. 
 
 " Sotli liiicvs. 
 
 170r> Daviil l.,iMvis, insurance broker. 
 
 17".H) Moses Levy, nttorney-at-law. 
 
 170'.t Joseph S. Lewis. 
 
 180'2 Reeve Lewis, merchant. 
 
 " DaviJ Lee. 
 
 180G Alordecai Lewis, Jr., merchant. 
 
 " Samuel Neave Lewis, merchant. 
 
 1810 Joseph Lea. 
 
 1812 Hannah Lewi?, .Jr. (Paul). 
 
 " Mary Lewis (Moore). 
 
 1816 Mahlon Lawrence. 
 
 " Josiah H. Lownes. 
 
 1819 Joshua Lippincott, auctioneer. 
 
 1820 James Lyie. 
 
 1826 llen^ La Roche, M.D. 
 
 1828 Lawrence Lewis. 
 
 1829 Charles Lnkens, M.D. 
 
 1831 William Lynch, merchant. 
 
 1832 James Leslie, carpenter. 
 " Robert Looney, plumber. 
 " Isaac S. Lloyd, merchant. 
 
 1833 Mordecai D. Lewis, merchant. 
 1840 John T. Lewis, merchant. 
 
 1843 Saunders Lewis, attorney-at- 
 
 law. 
 
 1844 George T. Lewis. 
 
 1845 Lyon J. Levy, silk merchant. 
 " J. Smith Lewis. 
 
 " Joseph S. Lewis. 
 
 1848 William R. Lejee. 
 
 " Robert M. Lewis. 
 
 1851 Lawrence Lewis, Jr. 
 " Robert M. Lewis, Jr. 
 
 " Francis W. Lewis, M.D. 
 
 " David Lapsley. 
 
 1852 Isaac Lea. 
 
 " Francis Albert Lewis. 
 
 " Daniel A. Langhorne, M.D. 
 
 " Robert M. Lewis. 
 
 1853 Samuel N. Lewis, Jr. 
 
 1854 James Dundas Lippincott. 
 1856 James J. Levick, M.D. 
 
 " Benj. I. Leedom. 
 
 " William W. Longstreth. 
 
 " Joseph S. Lovering. 
 
 " Ludwig, Kneedler & Co. 
 
 " P. L Laguerenne. 
 
 " William T. Lowber. 
 
 " Lindsay & Blackiston. 
 
 " Jacob B. Lancaster. 
 
 " Casper P. Lukens, M.D. 
 
 " Leaury & Sister. 
 
 1850 Charles S. Lewis. 
 " George r.,owis. 
 
 1857 Edward Lowber. 
 " Martha 11 Lewis. 
 '• Edwin M. Lewis. 
 " Abel Lincoln. 
 
 " Charles Leland. 
 
 " Anna M. Lewis. 
 
 " Edward E Law. 
 
 " George Lippincott. 
 
 " Joshua Longstreth. 
 
 " Joseph B. Laps'ey. 
 
 " Maria D. Logan. 
 
 " Mary Anna Longstreth. 
 
 " Levick, Raisin & Co. 
 
 " Lightfoot & Walton. 
 
 1858 James M. Linnard. 
 " Henry C. Lea. 
 
 " Frederick Leibrandt. 
 " J. B. Lippincott & Co. 
 " R. F. Loper. 
 
 1859 Francis S. Lewis. 
 " John Lindsay. 
 
 " John Lambert. 
 
 " David Landreth. 
 
 " Lippincott & Parry. 
 
 " James Long. 
 
 " Sarah M. Livezey. 
 
 " Mrs. Edward Law. 
 
 1860 Miss Mary Lewis. 
 
 " Miss Elizabeth W. Lewis. 
 " Miss Sarah Lewis. 
 " Anna W. Lapsley. 
 " Frederick Lenuig, 
 " F. Mortiuier Lewis. 
 " Lewis Tiiompson & Co. 
 " Miss A. Leamig. 
 " Miss A. M. Lewis. 
 
 1863 Joseph Lea. 
 
 " David Oldham Lewis. 
 " Edward Livezey, M.D. 
 
 1864 Henry Lawrence. 
 
 " John T. Lewis & Bros. 
 " John Livezey. 
 " Henry Lewis. 
 
 1865 Mrs. Lawrence Lewis. 
 " William H. Earned. 
 
 " Elizabeth W. Lewis. 
 " J. Fisher Leaming. 
 1867 D. Landreth & Co. 
 " Charles Lennig. 
 " John B. Love. 
 " Thomas C Love. 
 " William T. Leech. 
 " Charles E Lex. 
 
 1870 John T. Lewis, Jr. 
 
 1871 Dr. Richard J. Levis. 
 1873 Morris J. Lewis. 
 1875 David M. Lutz.
 
 133 
 
 M. 
 
 1751 
 
 Anthony Morris, brewer. 
 
 " 
 
 Anthony Morris, Jr. 
 
 " 
 
 Jonathan INIifflin, merchant. 
 
 " 
 
 Robert Moore. 
 
 .. 
 
 George Mifflin. 
 Samuel Mifflin. 
 
 " 
 
 Wright Masscy. 
 William Moode, 
 
 " 
 
 Evan Morgan, 
 
 " 
 
 Samuel Mifflin, of New Jersey 
 
 " 
 
 Joseph Morris. 
 Rees Meredith. 
 
 " 
 
 John Mifflin. 
 
 1752 
 
 Samuel Preston Moore. 
 
 " 
 
 John Mease. 
 
 1754 
 
 William Masters. 
 
 • ' 
 
 William Moore. 
 
 " 
 
 Thomas Maddox. 
 
 <' 
 
 Joshua Morris, of x^bington. 
 
 (I 
 
 Christopher IMarshall. 
 
 " 
 
 Hugh Matthews. 
 
 i< 
 
 Leonard Melchior, shopkeeper 
 Charles Meredith. 
 
 .< 
 
 Benjamin Mifflin. 
 John Mifflin, Jr. 
 
 " 
 
 George Miller. 
 
 " 
 
 Charles Moore, hatter. 
 
 " 
 
 James Murgatroyd, merchant. 
 
 " 
 
 Jacob Maag. 
 
 «' 
 
 Samuel Morris, Sheriff. 
 
 1755 
 
 Joseph Mnrriot. 
 Thomas Maule. 
 
 " 
 
 Joseph Mather, miller. 
 
 1756 
 
 Luke Morris. 
 
 '< 
 
 William Morris, Jr. 
 
 " 
 
 Thomas Moore. 
 
 1757 
 
 John Morris (lime). 
 
 1758 John McMicbael. 
 
 " 
 
 Samuel Morris, Jr. 
 
 '« 
 
 John Malcolm, sailmaker. 
 
 1759 
 
 Samuel Massey. 
 Benjamin Morgan. 
 
 1760 
 
 John Molnnd, Jr. 
 
 1761 
 
 Captain William Morrell. 
 
 " 
 
 Allen McLane, leather-dresser. 
 
 " 
 
 Samuel Alorton, merchant. 
 
 " 
 
 Samuel McCall. 
 
 " 
 
 Edward Milner 
 
 " 
 
 Abraham Mason, tailor. 
 
 •' 
 
 Charles Moore, M.D. 
 
 " 
 
 John McPherson. 
 
 " 
 
 Robert Morris, movchant. 
 
 1762 
 
 Mildred and Roberts, London. 
 
 " 
 
 McLean and Stewart. 
 
 1764 
 
 John Morton, merchant. 
 
 ,( 
 
 Peter Miller conveyancer. 
 Esther Mifflin. 
 
 '« 
 
 Edward Miluer, miller. 
 
 1765 Thomas Mayberry. 
 " John Mease, Jr. 
 " Cadwalader Morris. 
 " John Morgan. 
 " Archibald .McCall. 
 
 1767 Thomas Mifflin. 
 
 1768 James McCracken. 
 1773 Levi Marks. 
 
 1775 Thomas Afarriot, farmer. 
 " Samuel Miles. 
 " Benjamin MarshalL 
 " Joseph Mifflin. 
 
 1780 Thomas IMorris, brewer. 
 
 1781 Blair McCleiiachan, merchant. 
 " Robert Morton. 
 
 1784 John F. Mifflin. 
 
 1785 Jonathan Mifflin. 
 
 1786 James Miller. 
 •■' Magnus jNIiller. 
 " John Marshall. 
 
 " Thomas Murgatroyd. 
 " William iSIcMurtrie. 
 " Samuel Meredith. 
 
 1787 John McCulloch. 
 " James McCrea. 
 
 " Benjamin Wistar ^lorris. 
 " Patrick iNIoore. 
 
 1788 Christain ^Lirshall, Jr. 
 " Charles Marshall. 
 
 1796 John Morris, M.D. 
 
 1800 Richard Hill Morris 
 
 1801 Israel Maul, carpenter. 
 
 " Thomas Morris, .Jr., brewer. 
 
 " Joseph S. Morris, brewer. 
 
 " Charles Marshall, Jr., druggist. 
 
 1803 Malcolm McDonald, merchant. 
 
 1804 Sarah Moore. 
 
 1806 John Morton. Jr., merchant. 
 
 1807 Gouverneur Morris, of New York. 
 " John Miller, butcher. 
 
 1810 John Mullowny. 
 
 1812 William Morrison, brewer. 
 
 1815 James Mease, M.D. 
 
 1816 John W. Moore, M.D. 
 
 1817 Samuel Mason, Steward Penn. 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 1818 George Morris. 
 
 " James J. Mazurie. 
 
 1819 Lloyd Mifflin. 
 
 1820 John Moore, M.D. 
 
 1821 William Montelius, tobacconist. 
 " Elizabeth Marshall, druggist. 
 
 1825 J. K. Mitchell. IM.D. 
 
 1826 Stephen P. Morris. 
 
 " Charles D. Meigs, M.D. 
 
 1827 Caleb B. Mathew.«, M.D. 
 1831 John iMoss, mei'chant. 
 
 1834 Caspar Morris, M.D. 
 
 1835 Thomas Mellon. 
 
 1836 Samuel George Morton, M,D.
 
 134 
 
 18S7 
 
 George McClellnn, M.P. 
 
 1S4I 
 
 Isrtne v. Morris, irou-fomider. 
 
 • • 
 
 Jacob G. Morris. 
 
 1S44 
 
 Wistiir Morris, iron-founder. 
 
 • • 
 
 Henry Morris, iron-founder. 
 
 184o 
 
 Thoniiis H. McAlli.ster, optician. 
 
 " 
 
 ^ViIli.•\m y. McAllister, optician. 
 
 '• 
 
 Cliarles .Moj-er^ druggist. 
 
 ]«4G 
 
 Israel Morris. 
 
 1847 
 
 Conrad ^leyer, piauo manufac- 
 
 
 turer. 
 
 •• 
 
 John B. Myers. 
 
 1849 
 
 William G. Malin, ijteward Pcnn. 
 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 " 
 
 Richard M. Marshall. 
 
 1852 
 
 Mary Marshall. 
 
 " 
 
 George W. ^lorris. 
 
 )85.S 
 
 Samuel C. Morton. 
 
 1854 
 
 S. Weir Mitchell, M.D. . 
 
 ■' 
 
 James Markoe. 
 
 " 
 
 Israel W. Morris. 
 
 " 
 
 Catharine Morris. 
 
 185-) 
 
 Samuel Mason. 
 
 1856 
 
 Morris, Tasker & Morris. 
 
 •' 
 
 Andrew M mderson. 
 
 " 
 
 Benjamin Marshall. 
 
 " 
 
 Dr. J. Wilson Moore. 
 
 '• 
 
 Dr. J. Forsyth Meigs. 
 
 " 
 
 Isaac Meyer. 
 
 " 
 
 McKeau, Borie & Co. 
 
 " 
 
 Catharine McCall. 
 
 " 
 
 John Mason. 
 
 " 
 
 Richards & Miller. 
 
 '* 
 
 Charles Megarge. 
 
 " 
 
 Wm. L. Maddock. 
 
 " 
 
 Charles Macalester. 
 
 " 
 
 Richard C. McMurtrie. 
 
 it 
 
 David Milne. 
 
 " 
 
 James Martin. 
 
 ti 
 
 John McAllister, Jr. 
 
 " 
 
 McAllister & Bro. 
 
 ii 
 
 James McGee. 
 
 " 
 
 William R. Maxfield. 
 
 " 
 
 Abram Miller. 
 
 " 
 
 Mary Elizabeth Mackey. 
 
 1857 
 
 Samuel Morris. | 
 
 
 Morris, Jones & Co. 
 
 " 
 
 William McCallum. 
 
 " 
 
 Alex. R. McHenry. 
 
 " 
 
 Joseph B. Myers, 
 
 " 
 
 James Manderson. 
 
 '• 
 
 Thomas Manderson. 
 
 " 
 
 Robert .Morrell, M.D. 
 
 ti 
 
 A. Miskey. 
 
 " 
 
 Charles McKeone. 
 
 " 
 
 John S. Miller. 
 
 «' 
 
 Patrick McBride. 
 
 « 
 
 Sons of Malta. 
 
 «' 
 
 Thomas H.Moore. 
 
 " 
 
 Israel \V. Morris, Jr. 
 
 1857 John M. Maris. 
 
 '' Samuel V. Merrick. 
 " Thomas J. Magear. 
 " James McHvain. 
 " Michael Molloy. 
 " Edward Maule. 
 " Israel Maule. 
 " Henry Maule. 
 " Charles McCaudless. 
 " H. C. Megarge. 
 " A. J. McClure. 
 
 1858 Samuel Megargee. 
 " William Miller. 
 
 '• C. H. Mattson. 
 
 " Robert V. Massey. 
 
 " Hugh McHvain. 
 
 " William Musser. 
 
 " James A. McCrea, M.D. 
 
 " John R. Morrell. 
 
 " Dr. Samuel Moore. 
 
 " Megargee Bro. 
 
 " Hiram Miller. 
 
 1859 William H. Moore. 
 " John R. McCurdy. 
 " Malone & Taylor. 
 
 " Myers, Kirkpatrick & Co. 
 
 " Sarah ]\larshall. 
 
 " P. Pemberton Morris. 
 
 " William G Morehead. 
 
 " Harry McCall, Jr. 
 
 " James Mott. 
 
 " Anne D. Morrison. 
 
 " E. L. Moss. 
 
 " Joseph S. Medara. 
 
 " Mahlon Moon. 
 
 " Jacob Miles & Son. 
 
 " Joel B. Morehead. 
 
 " David McConkey. 
 
 " John McAllister. 
 
 " Stephen Morris. 
 
 Massey, Collins & Co. 
 
 Dr. T. Geo. Morton. 
 
 Merrick & Sons. 
 
 Henry Pratt ^McKean. 
 
 Thomas Mott. 
 
 Morris, Wheeler & Co. 
 
 McCallum & Co. 
 
 Henry D. Moore. 
 " Samuel Mason. Jr. 
 " Thomas McEwen, M.D. 
 " John C. Mercer. 
 " George C. Morris. 
 " James T. Morris. 
 " Isaac W. Morris. 
 " John T. Morris. 
 " Lydia T. Morris. 
 " R. P. Morton. 
 1866 Levi Morris. 
 " Hannah Morris. 
 »' Thomas Miller. 
 
 1862 
 1863 
 
 1864 
 
 1865
 
 135 
 
 1867 James Moore & Son. 
 " Moore & Campion. 
 
 " E. P. Moyer & Bros. 
 
 " I. P. Morris, Towiie & Co. 
 
 " Theo. Megargee & Co. 
 
 " Matthews & Moore. 
 
 " E. Spencer Miller. 
 
 " J. E. Mitchell. 
 
 " Helen K. Mortou. 
 
 " J. H. Morris. 
 
 " .James T. Magee. 
 
 " Michael II. Magee. 
 
 " William 8. Magee. 
 
 " Thomas S. K. Morton. 
 
 " Mellor, Baines & Mellor. 
 
 " Miskey, Merrill & Thnclvara. 
 
 " Massey, Houstouu & Co, 
 
 " Jane Morris. 
 
 1868 J. Aitken Meigs, M.D. 
 
 1869 T. Magee & Co. 
 1874 Chas. M. Morton. 
 1876 Dr. Arthur V. Meigs. 
 
 " Edith Mason. 
 " Alfred C. Mason. 
 
 N. 
 
 1751 Isaac Norris, Esq. 
 " Samuel Neave. 
 
 " Charles Norris. 
 " John Nelson. 
 " Samuel Noble. 
 
 1752 Peter Nygh. 
 1754 John Nixon. 
 
 1760 William Neate, of London. 
 1764 Richard Neave and Sou, London. 
 1786 Alexander Nesbit. 
 
 " Philip Nicklin. 
 1794 Mary Norris. 
 1813 Joseph P. Norris. 
 1815 Henry Neill, M. U. 
 1818 George Nugent. 
 
 1822 Lindsay Nicholson. 
 
 1823 .loseph G. Nancrede, M.D. 
 1828 James S. Newbold. 
 
 1833 George W. Norris, M.D. 
 1845 Paul W. Newhall. 
 " John Notman 
 
 1856 Thos. A. Newhall. 
 " Charles Newbold. 
 
 " Newbold, Sou & Aertsoa. 
 
 " Daniel Neall. 
 
 " Richard Norris. 
 
 " Thomas S. Newlin. 
 
 " Nohlit, Brown & Noblit. 
 
 1857 Joseph A. Needles. 
 ♦' James Nevins. 
 
 " Isaac Norris. 
 1859 Norcross & Sheets. 
 
 1859 James S. Newbold. 
 
 1860 Mrs. Robert Nelson. 
 1863 William F. Norris, M.D. 
 
 " J. Shipley Newlin. 
 
 " Thomas S. Newlin, Jr. 
 
 " Samuel Norris. 
 
 " Richard Norris & Son. 
 1865 Charles F. Norton. 
 1867 Newhall, Borie & Co. 
 
 " Richard L. Nicholson. 
 1871 Rev. Matthew Newkirk, Jr. 
 1873 N. P. S. (N. Parker Shortridge). 
 
 0. 
 
 1754 
 
 .lohn Ord, shopkeeper. 
 
 1758 
 
 Charles Osborne. 
 
 1759 
 
 Daniel Offley, smith. 
 
 1761 
 
 George Owen, halter. 
 
 1762 
 
 John Oseland. 
 
 1766 
 
 Samuel Ormes, M.D. 
 
 1774 
 
 John Odenheimer, victualler. 
 
 1796 
 
 John Oldden. 
 
 1813 
 
 John C. Otto, M.D. 
 
 " 
 
 Griffith Owen, clock and watch 
 
 
 maker. 
 
 1852 
 
 George Ord. 
 
 " 
 
 Joseph B Ord. 
 
 1856 
 
 J. B. Okie. 
 
 " 
 
 Lewis G. Osbnurne. 
 
 " 
 
 Outerbridgp, Ilarvey & Co. 
 
 " 
 
 Charles S. Ogden. 
 
 " 
 
 James H. Orne. 
 
 1857 
 
 John M. Ogden. 
 
 1858 
 
 Benjamin Orne. 
 
 " 
 
 George R. Oat. 
 
 «' 
 
 Charles Oakford & Son. 
 
 1 859 
 
 Margaret J. Otto. 
 
 1860 
 
 J. F. & E. B. Orne. 
 
 Thomas and Richard Penn (sons 
 of VVm. Penn), an annuity of 
 £40 paid from 1762 to 1776. 
 
 1751 Israel Pemberton, merchant, 
 
 " Israel Pemberton. Jr., merchant. 
 
 " Richard Peters. Esq. 
 
 " James Pemberton, merchant. 
 
 " William Plumstead. 
 
 " Edward Peuington. 
 
 " John Pole. 
 
 1752 Samuel I'owell, hatter. 
 
 " Thomas Paschall, hatter. 
 1754 John Pemberton. 
 " Oswald Peel. 
 " Joseph Parker. 
 " Richard Partridge, of Loudon.
 
 13(5 
 
 17-'i4 Willinm Parr, ntlnrnej'-at-law. 
 1750 Jolin Palmer, bricklayer. 
 
 *' Isnne Pascliall. 
 
 .John I'arritih, bricklayer. 
 
 " Ric^haril Poarne. 
 
 1757 William Peters, of Concord fin 
 
 hiniher). 
 
 1758 Samuel Furviance. 
 " Isaac Parrish. 
 
 " Joseph Paul, miller. 
 
 1759 Richar.l Parker. 
 " Samuel Powell. 
 
 1761 Thomas Penrose. 
 " James Penrose. 
 " John Paul, of Wissahickon, miller. 
 " William Pusey, merchant. 
 " John Potts, Esq. 
 
 1765 Charles Pettit. 
 
 1766 Nathaniel Pennock. 
 
 1767 Joseph Potts, mercliant. 
 " Samuel Pleasants. 
 
 1768 Joseph Paschall. 
 " Samuel Potts. 
 
 1770 Joseph Pemberton. 
 1776 Thomas Parke, M.D. 
 
 1780 Jonathan Potts, M.D. (a loan 
 
 office certificate for £1000). 
 
 1781 Frederick Phile, M.D. 
 
 1785 Timothy Pickering. 
 " John Priiigle. 
 
 1786 Elliston Perot. 
 
 " Jeremiah Parker. 
 " Richard Parker. 
 " Michael Pragers. 
 " Ignatius Polyart. 
 
 1787 Derick Peterson. 
 
 " Thomas Penrose, Jr., shipbuilder. 
 " Henry Pbysick. 
 
 1788 John Penn. 
 
 " John Penn, .Jr. 
 1790 John Perot, merchant. 
 
 1798 William Penrose. 
 
 1794 Philip S. Physick, M.D. 
 
 " Elizabeth Coates Paschall. 
 " Sarah Pascha'.l. 
 
 1795 Zachariah Poulson, Jr. 
 
 " Thomas Paschall, merchant. 
 " Edward Peningtou, Jr., sugar- 
 refiner. 
 " Isaac Penington, sugar-refiner. 
 " Israel Pleasants, merchant. 
 " Joseph Paschall, merchant. 
 
 1799 George Pennock, merchant. 
 
 1800 Abraham Patton, watchmaker. 
 
 1801 Henry Pratt. 
 
 " William Poyntell, merchant. 
 
 1804 Joseph Price, hatter. 
 
 1805 Samuel Parrish, merchant. 
 
 1807 Thomas Palmer, merchant. 
 
 1808 David Parrish. 
 
 1811 
 1814 
 
 1815 
 1819 
 
 1821 
 18l>2 
 1825 
 1834 
 
 18.36 
 1837 
 1838 
 1839 
 1840 
 1842 
 1843 
 1845 
 
 1846 
 1848 
 
 1852 
 
 1853 
 1854 
 1 855 
 1856 
 
 1857 
 
 1858 
 
 George Peterson. 
 
 Henry Pemberton. 
 
 Joseph M. Paul. 
 
 Joseph Parrish, M.D. 
 
 Isaac Parry, pl.asterer. 
 
 Willia-n P. Paxson. 
 
 William Price, M.D. 
 
 Richard Price, Jr., merchant. 
 
 John Paul. 
 
 Abraham L. Pennock. 
 
 Sansom Perot. 
 
 Caspar W. Pennock. 
 
 John Hare Powell (a calf). 
 
 W'illiam Pepper, M.D. 
 
 Edward Peace, M D. 
 
 Joseph Pancoast, M D. 
 
 Isaac Parrish, M.D. 
 
 George Pepper, brewer. 
 
 William Piatt, merchant. 
 
 Clayton T. Piatt. 
 
 Hannah Paul. 
 
 Henry Pepper. 
 
 Charles Collins Parker, M.D. 
 
 Thomas H. Powers, chemist. 
 
 Dr. Wm. Byrd Page. 
 
 Eli K. Price. 
 
 Josluia L. Price. 
 
 Dillwyn Parrish. 
 
 Caroline Pennock. 
 
 Hannah Parke. 
 
 Edward Perot. 
 
 Charles Perot. 
 
 .John F. Peniston. 
 
 Joseph Patterson. 
 
 Francis Perot. 
 
 Charles W. Pultney. 
 
 Wil]ia?n S. Perot. 
 
 Joseph Perot. 
 
 Robert Pearsall. 
 
 Letitia Poultney. 
 
 Sarah R. Paul. 
 
 Palmer, Thomas & Co. 
 
 Frederick S. Pepper. 
 
 Henry M. Phillips. 
 
 Prichett & Baugh. 
 
 George D. Parrish. 
 
 Elliston Perot. 
 
 D. T. Pratt. 
 
 Richard Price. 
 
 Parry & Randolph. 
 
 Edward T. Pusey. 
 
 Samuel Parry. 
 
 Ario Pardee. 
 
 George PhiJler. 
 
 Edward Patterson. 
 
 Geo. W. Page. 
 
 Francis Peters. 
 
 Daniel R. Paul. 
 
 Daniel R. Paul, Jr. 
 
 Jonathan Palmer & Co.
 
 137 
 
 1858 Wm. D. Parrish. 
 
 1859 Frances Pierpont. 
 
 " Robert S. Paschal). 
 
 " Thomas Potter. 
 
 " Thomas Pritchett. 
 
 " Asa Packer. 
 
 " A. Pardee & Co. 
 
 " David Potts. Jr. 
 
 " Stephen S. Price. 
 
 '' Jane Preston. 
 
 " James W. Paul. 
 
 " A. M. Powers. 
 
 ♦' Mrs. G. S. Pepper. 
 
 18G0 Mrs. Morris Patterson. 
 
 " Mary Pepper. 
 
 " Sally W. Pennock. 
 
 " Mary T. Pleasants. 
 
 1861 John H. Packard, M.D. 
 " Wm. F. Potts. 
 
 1862 John H. Palethorpe, Est. of. 
 
 1864 J. Price Patton. 
 " R. Hare Powell. 
 " R. S. Peterson. 
 
 1865 William Pepper, Jr., M.D. 
 " Sarah Phipps. 
 
 " Caleb Peirce. 
 
 " Fannie R. Purves. 
 
 " William Piatt Pepper. 
 
 " George S. Pepper. 
 
 " Philip Physic Peace. 
 
 " Edward Coleman Peace. 
 
 " Benjamin Perkins, Jr. 
 
 " Sarah A. Purves. 
 
 1867 Davis Pearson & Co. 
 " Moro Phillips. 
 
 " T. Morris Perot & Co. 
 
 " John Hare Powell. 
 
 " Mrs. John Hare Powell. 
 
 1868 William Procter, Jr. 
 
 1869 Est. of Davis Pearson, dec. 
 
 1870 William A. Porter. 
 " Mrs. S. N. Pepper. 
 
 Q. 
 
 1857 James W. Queen. 
 
 R. 
 
 1751 .John Reynell. 
 
 " Hugh Roberts. 
 
 " .Joseph Richardson, merchant. 
 
 " Francis Richardson. 
 
 " John Pioss. 
 
 •' John Redman, M.D. 
 
 " Samuel Rhoads. 
 1754 John Roberts, miller. 
 
 " Daniel Roberdeau. 
 
 1756 
 
 1757 
 1758 
 
 1759 
 1761 
 1763 
 
 1765 
 
 1766 
 1767 
 
 1787 
 1788 
 
 1789 
 1795 
 1800 
 1801 
 
 tl 
 
 1802 
 1806 
 1813 
 1814 
 1815 
 1821 
 1822 
 1823 
 1828 
 
 1831 
 1835 
 1841 
 
 1843 
 1845 
 1849 
 1851 
 1852 
 
 1855 
 
 Peter Reeve 
 
 Francis Rawle. 
 
 Joseph Redman. 
 
 Daniel Rundle. 
 
 John Rhea 
 
 Benjamin Rawle. 
 
 John Relfe. 
 
 William Rush, blacksmith. 
 
 Isaac Roberts, brickmaker. 
 
 John Rouse. 
 
 John Rhobotham. 
 
 Thomas Robinson, merchant. 
 
 John Reily. 
 
 Christopher Rawson, of Halifax. 
 
 Nicholas Rittenhouse, miller. 
 
 George Roberts. 
 
 Samuel Rhoads, Jr. 
 
 Thomas Ringold, of Maryland. 
 
 Mary Richardson. 
 
 Thomas Rutter. 
 
 Thomas Robeson. 
 
 Thomas Riche, merchant. 
 
 Joseph Richardson, goldsmith. 
 
 Benjamin Rush, M.D. 
 
 Edward Russell. 
 
 David Rittenhouse. 
 
 Richard Rundle. 
 
 James Read, flour merchant. 
 
 George Rutter (picture of Good 
 Samaritan). 
 
 William Rawle. 
 
 Robert Ralston, merchant. 
 
 John Piedman, M D. 
 
 John Robeson, merchant. 
 
 William Redwood. 
 
 Samuel Rhoads, merchant. 
 
 .Jacob Ridway, merchant. 
 
 James Rush, M.D. 
 
 William Rogers. 
 
 Samuel Richards. 
 
 Mark Richards. 
 
 Hugh Roberts. 
 
 Charles Rolierts. 
 
 William Rush, M.D. 
 
 Jacob Randolph, M D. 
 
 David Rankin, grocer. 
 
 Romulus Riggs. 
 
 Solomon W. Roberts, civil engi- 
 neer. 
 
 Elihu Roberts, merchant. 
 
 Caleb C. Roberts, merchant. 
 
 John J. Ridgway. 
 
 Mrs. Hugh Roberts. 
 
 Richard Ronaldson. 
 
 Nathaniel Randolph. 
 
 Mrs. M. Ricketts. 
 
 Moncure Robinson. 
 Jonathan Richards. 
 
 Richard Ronaldson. 
 
 Thomas Ridgeway.
 
 138 
 
 18oG 
 
 1857 
 
 1858 
 
 1859 
 
 1860 
 
 1863 
 1864 
 
 Hugh Roberts. 
 R;indolpli & Jenks. 
 Joliii i\. Hue. 
 Tlionias Robins. 
 Clmrles P. Keif. 
 Robert J Ross. 
 Riclianl Richanlson. 
 Eviins Roilgers. 
 Thoinns Ricliardsou & Co. 
 Edwaril Roberts. 
 Evan Randolph. 
 Richards & Miller. 
 Charles W. Rogers. 
 Philip S. Reilly. 
 George W. Richard.s. 
 Benjamin B. Reath. 
 Samuel Rhoads. 
 Rutter, Newhall & Co. 
 Richardson, Thomas & Co. 
 Anne Iv. Reynolds. 
 John T. Ilicketts. 
 George D. Rosengarten. 
 William B. Reed. 
 Samuel Riddle. 
 Wni. H. Richards. 
 John G. Repplier. 
 Clement S. Rutter. 
 James Rohb. 
 Benjamin Rowland. 
 John Bobbins, Jr. 
 A. S. cSt E. Roberts. 
 William Rowland. 
 John J. Richardson. 
 Joseph J. Redner. 
 John Rice. 
 Joseph W. Ryerss. 
 William L. Rebn. 
 A. L. Randall. 
 Richardson & Carver. 
 Jacob Reigle. 
 Charles Rugan. 
 Mary Ashbridge Rlioads. 
 Hannah Richardson. 
 Charles Rhoads. 
 Mrs. Thos. Robins. 
 John Richardson. 
 James Rowland & Co. 
 Ritter & Brother 
 Pvockhill & Wilson. 
 Elizabeth Rhoads. 
 Samuel J. Reeves. 
 R. N. Ratbban. 
 William Rowland & Co. 
 James Rowland. 
 Nathan Rowland. 
 Stephen Robbins. 
 Dr. James E. Rhoads. 
 John M. Read. 
 Wra G. Rhoads. 
 Edward Rhoads, M.D. 
 
 18C5 Edward Taylor Randolph. 
 " Albert C. Roberts. 
 " John Robins. 
 " P. Reilley & Son. 
 «' B. Howard Rand, M.U. 
 
 1866 Craig D. Richie. 
 
 1867 H. B. Rianhard. 
 
 " A. P. Roberts & Co. 
 
 " Wm. Reid. 
 
 " W. H. Rhann. 
 
 " Lewis H. Redner. 
 
 •' Wm. K. Raniborger. 
 
 " J. G & G. S. Repplier. 
 
 «« Robert L. Reilly. 
 
 '* Julianua Randolph. 
 1809 Joseph G. Richardson. 
 1872 Charles Roberts. 
 1874 John B. Roberts, M.D. 
 
 1751 
 
 1751: 
 
 1754 
 
 1755 
 1756 
 
 1758 
 
 John Smith. 
 Samuel Sansora. 
 Edward Shippen. 
 Thomas Stretch. 
 Thomas Say. 
 Christopher Sauer. 
 Peter Sonmans, M.D. 
 William Shipley, victualler. 
 W'illiam Shippen, M.D. 
 Stephen Shewell, baker. 
 Joseph Shewell, baker. 
 Jacob Shoemaker, Jr., wheel- 
 wright. 
 Samuel Smith, merchant. 
 W'illiam Smith, tanner. 
 Robert Smith, carpenter. 
 Isaac Snowden, tanner. 
 William Stanley. 
 Moses Stanley. 
 Joseph Sennard. 
 James Stone. 
 James Stevenson. 
 Daniel Steinmetz, baker. 
 Samuel Swift. 
 Valentine Stanley. 
 Jacob Shoemaker, smith. 
 Joseph Saunders. 
 Joseph Stretch. 
 Attwood Shute. 
 Amos Strettell. 
 John Stamper, Esq. 
 Joseph Stamper. 
 Edward Shippen, Jr. 
 William Shute, tallow-chandler. 
 Thomas Saltar, lumber merchant. 
 James Stoops, brickmaker. 
 Enoch Story. 
 Walter Shee, merchant.
 
 139 
 
 1759 Bavnaby Shute. 
 
 " Joba Scott, merchant. 
 
 1760 John Sniith, of Kingsessing. 
 " Joseph Sermon, smith. 
 
 1761 John Shoemaker, of Cheltenham, 
 " Richard Smith, merchant. 
 
 " Joseph Sims. 
 
 " John Casper Stivers. 
 
 1762 Jedediah Snowden. 
 
 " Jonathan Shoemaker. 
 
 " George David Sickle, butcher. 
 
 1764 Adam Straker, smith. 
 
 1765 John George Snyder. 
 
 1766 William Shippen, Jr., M.D. 
 
 1767 Jonathan B Smith. 
 " Samuel Southall. 
 
 1768 William Sitgreaves, merchant. 
 " Samuel Sansom, Jr. 
 
 1771 Joseph Shippen, Jr. 
 " Jose|ih Stout. 
 
 " Robert Stevens. 
 
 " James Stewart, merchant. 
 
 1772 Joseph Swift. 
 
 1774 Samuel Simpson. 
 
 1775 Philip Syng. 
 
 1776 Jacob Spicer, of New Jersey. 
 1780 Benjamin Say, M.D. 
 
 1782 George Shoemaker, blacksmith. 
 
 1784 John Swan wick. 
 
 1785 Leonard Snowden. 
 
 " Lawrence Seckel, merchant. 
 " James Smith, Jr. 
 
 1786 Samuel Shaw. 
 
 " Robert Stevenson. 
 
 1787 Robert Smith, merchant. 
 " Townsend Speakman. 
 
 1794 Joseph Sansom. 
 
 " Thomas Stewardson. 
 
 1795 William Sansom, merchant. 
 1797 Jacob Shoemaker. 
 
 " Buckridge Sims. 
 
 1799 Charles Shoemaker. 
 
 " Estiier Sprague, of Dedham, 
 Mass. 
 
 1800 Willet Smith, merchant. 
 
 1801 Thomas Shoemaker, merchant. 
 " John Simpson, merchant. 
 
 " James Skerrett, blacksmith. 
 
 1802 Thomas Stewart. 
 
 " William W. Smith, merchant. 
 " James Stokes, merchant. 
 " James Smith, merchant. 
 
 1803 Stephen Smith, merchant. 
 " Philip Smith, grocer. 
 
 1806 George Smith, merchant. 
 
 1807 Thomas Shipley, merchant. 
 *' James Stewart, M.D. 
 
 " John J. Smith, merchant. 
 '■ Daniel Sutter, grocer. 
 1811 John Savage, merchant. 
 
 1812 
 
 James Sawer. 
 
 1814 
 
 William Schlatter, merchant. 
 
 " 
 
 Samuel Spackman, merchant. 
 
 " 
 
 Ann Saunders, teacher. 
 
 1815 
 
 Joseph Allen Smith. 
 
 1816 
 
 John Stack. 
 
 <' 
 
 Charles J. Sutter. 
 
 1817 
 
 William A. Skerrett. 
 
 1818 
 
 Edward James Stiles. 
 
 1819 
 
 Nathan Shoemaker. 
 
 1820 
 
 Samuel Sellers. 
 
 1821 
 
 James Schott. 
 
 1830 John Struthers, marble-mason. 
 
 1833 
 
 Blakey Sharpless, bookseller. 
 
 1834 
 
 Samuel L. Shober. 
 
 " 
 
 Benjamin P. Smith. 
 
 " 
 
 John W. Shoemaker. 
 
 1835 
 
 Thomas Stewardson, M.D. 
 
 " 
 
 Rebecca Simmons. 
 
 1837 
 
 George Roberts Smith. 
 
 1842 James Schott, Jr. 
 
 " 
 
 George Stewardson. 
 
 (i 
 
 Rev. Edward J. Sourin, 
 
 1843 
 
 Alfred StiUg, M.D. 
 
 1844 
 
 Henry Seybert. 
 
 " 
 
 Joseph Swift, broker. 
 
 1845 
 
 Alexander H. Smith. 
 
 " 
 
 Isaac Starr. 
 
 1846 
 
 John Sergeant, attorney at-law 
 
 1847 
 
 Henry H. Smith, M.D. 
 
 1848 
 
 C. E Spaiigler. 
 
 " 
 
 Robert W. Sykes. 
 
 " 
 
 John Siter, merchant. 
 
 1849 
 
 Moreton Stille, M D. 
 
 1851 
 
 Wm. Struthers, marble-mason. 
 
 " 
 
 Joseph P. Smith. 
 
 1852 
 
 John P. Steiner. 
 
 " 
 
 F. Sargeant, M.D. 
 
 (( 
 
 Henry G. Sharpless. 
 
 1855 
 
 Lewis A. Scott. 
 
 " 
 
 Rosa Steadman. 
 
 It 
 
 Dr. George Smith. 
 
 " 
 
 Charles Santer. 
 
 1856 
 
 Joseph Shipley. 
 
 " 
 
 Catharine W. Sheppard. 
 
 " 
 
 Samuel F. Smith. 
 
 " 
 
 William S. Smith & Co. 
 
 " 
 
 J. R. Savage & Co. 
 
 " 
 
 Thomas M. Smith. 
 
 " 
 
 John Saunders. 
 
 " 
 
 Macpherson Saunders. 
 
 " 
 
 John M. Scott. 
 
 " 
 
 Jacob II. Smith. 
 
 <i 
 
 John M. Sharpless. 
 
 • « 
 
 Newberry A. Smith. 
 
 <( 
 
 Curwen Stoddart. 
 
 <« 
 
 Joseph M. Stoddart. 
 
 " 
 
 Lindley Smyth. 
 
 " 
 
 John Stone & Sons. 
 
 tt 
 
 Cornelius StevenaoQ.
 
 140 
 
 1856 Daniel Smith, Jr. I 1859 
 •• Uohort 11. Smull. | " 
 
 " Fi:uu'os W. StovcMison (N. Y.) | " 
 
 " Edwaiil A Smith, M.D. i " 
 
 " Joseph 8. Silver. | " 
 
 " Wm. l\ & A. Sharpless. 
 
 •♦ James B. Shannon. 
 
 " Edwin Swift. 
 
 " Victor A S;Htori. 
 
 " Joseph J. Sharpless. 
 
 Eiwood Slianntin. 
 
 " Edwin Spooner. 
 
 " 'William S. Spooner. 
 
 " Robert Slioemaker & Co. 
 
 1857 William L. Schaffer. 
 " Samuel E. Stokes. 1860 
 " George H. Stewart. 
 " Thomas Sparks. 
 " Henry Sloan. 
 " Samuel K. Simmons. 
 " Stratton & I5ro. 
 " John T. Smith. 1864 
 " James S. Smith, Jr. 
 " William JI. Stewart. 
 " James Schott. 
 " John S. Sharpless. 
 " Stroup & Brother. 
 " Maria Stiile. 
 " Robert Steen. 
 " Enos Sharpless. 
 " William E. Stevenson. 
 " Samuel S. Scattergood. 
 " James Starr. 
 
 1858 Samuel Sloan. 
 " Gideon Scull. 1865 
 " Isaac Starr, Jr. 
 " Stevens & Miller. 
 " Samuel Siines. 
 " Sharpless Bros. 
 " Alfred Slade & Co. 
 " Thos. Struthers. 
 " David Scull. 
 " Lawrence Shuster. 
 " Peter Sieo;er. 1866 
 " Gottlieb Schiedt. 186 
 
 1859 Charles Shoemaker. 
 " J. & M. Saunders. 
 '* Stewart & Patterson. 
 " Hannah Sansom. 
 " George B. Sloat. 
 »' Richard G. Stotesbury. 
 " Dr. F. G. Smith. 
 " Stitt & Brown. 
 " John B. Shober. 
 " Samuel L. Shober. 
 " Joseph L. Schaffer. 
 " George R. Smith. 
 " William Sellers & Co. 1868 
 " William Sellers. 1869 
 " Jacob B. Shaunon. I 1870 
 
 David C. Spooner. 
 Edward Siiarpless. 
 Edmund Smith. 
 George K. Smith. 
 Granville Stokes. 
 Edward S. Simmouds. 
 George P. Sn)ith. 
 Joseph Scattergood. 
 Mrs. Nuberry Smith. 
 Mrs. Geo. H. Stewart. 
 John Stott. 
 Abraham Scott. 
 G. Washington Smith. 
 Thomas A. Scott. 
 Edmund Smith. 
 Mrs. Isaac Starr. 
 Misses Smith. 
 Sellers & Pennock. 
 Joseph W. Stokes. 
 Townsend Sharpless. 
 John J. Smith. 
 Samuel R. Shipley. 
 Wm. Savery, M.D. 
 Sidney J. Sohns. 
 Samuel J. Sharpless. 
 Anna R. Sharpless. 
 U.V. B. Sharpless. 
 
 D. C. Wharton Smith. 
 Adeline Margaret Sager. 
 Thomas Smith. 
 
 Isaac Sharpless. 
 William B. Smith. 
 Robert Pearsall Smith. 
 Thomas Stillman. 
 James D. Smith. 
 
 E. A. Souder & Son. 
 John F. Sheaff. 
 William Stevenson. 
 Charles Spencer. 
 
 M. D. Shallcross, M.D. 
 Alexander Simes. 
 Isaac R. Smith. 
 Abraham Schiedt. 
 Albert H. Smith, M.D. 
 Walter Smith. 
 Rebecca Smith. 
 Wm. F. Simes & Son. 
 John Supplee. 
 N. Parker Shortridge. 
 Charles Smith. 
 Curwen Stoddart, Jr. 
 Robert Shoemaker. 
 Benjamin H. Shoemaker. 
 Smith, Randolph & Co. 
 W. D. Smith & Co. 
 William G. Spencer. 
 Hon. William Strong. 
 Thomas Shipley. 
 William H. Sowers. 
 Thomas Stewartson, Jr.
 
 141 
 
 1870 Charles B. Shoemaker. 
 
 1871 Walter M. Sprankle. 
 1876 Henry J. Stout. 
 
 " Robert Shoemaker, Jr. 
 '• Samuel B. Shoemaker. 
 
 T. 
 
 1751 Robert Tuite. 
 
 1752 Joseph Trotter. 
 
 1754 Christopher Thompson. 
 " Peter Turner. 
 
 " Thomas Tillbury, baker. 
 
 1755 John Tinker, Governor of the B.i- 
 
 hama Islands. 
 
 1756 John Taylor. 
 
 " Charles Thompson. 
 1761 Joseph Thomas, Flour Inspector. 
 " Joseph Turner, Esq. 
 
 1764 Robert Towers. 
 
 1765 John Test. 
 1767 James Tilghman. 
 1775 Alexander Todd. 
 
 1780 Dean Timmons. 
 
 1781 Robert Towers, M.D. (in medi- 
 
 cines). 
 
 1785 Daniel Tyson. 
 
 1786 Peter Thompson, Jr., scrivener. 
 
 1787 Andrew Tybout. 
 
 1788 John Thompson, merchant. 
 
 1789 Richard Truman. 
 
 1795 Joseph Thomas, attorney-at-law. 
 1799 Henry Toland, grocer. 
 
 1801 Richard Tunis, merchant. 
 " Rev. James Taylor. 
 
 1802 Godfrey Twells, brewer. 
 1810 James Traquair. 
 
 1814 Jonah Thompson, merchant. 
 
 1815 James B. Thompson. 
 1817 George Thum. 
 
 " Edward Thompson, merchant. 
 
 " William Thackara. 
 
 " James Allen Thackara. 
 
 1819 A. B. Tucker, M.D. 
 
 1820 Benjamin Tucker, teacher. 
 
 1844 Thomas T. Tasker, iron-founder. 
 " William P. Tatham. 
 
 1845 George Thomas. 
 
 *' Jacob M. Thomas. 
 1847 John Towne. 
 1852 Thomas T. Tasker, Jr. 
 
 " Joseph R. Tasker. 
 
 " George Thomas, M.D. 
 
 " John R. Thomas. 
 1856 Edward H. Trotrer. 
 
 " William Henry Trotter. 
 
 " Charles W. Trotter. 
 
 " Job R. Tyson. 
 
 " John Trucks. 
 
 1856 Est. of Jno. R. & Geo. Thomas. 
 " Jane Thomas. 
 
 " John D. Taylor. 
 
 " Tatham Brothers. 
 
 " John J. Tliompson. 
 
 " Joseph W. Taylor, M.D. 
 
 " Joseph C. Turnpenny. 
 
 " Charles Taylor. 
 
 " John H. Towne. 
 
 " John R. T. & George Thomas. 
 
 " Thain & McKeon. 
 
 •' George Townsend. 
 
 " Frederick A. Tupper. 
 
 1857 George E. Taylor. 
 
 " Benjamin T. Tredick. 
 " Newcomb D. Tliompson. 
 " William Taylor. 
 «' Thurlow Hughes & Co. 
 " David Tliaine. 
 
 1858 George H. Thompson. 
 " Henry Tilge & Co. 
 
 " William and Geo. Thompson. 
 
 " Taylor, Gillespie & Co. 
 
 " Virginia Taylor (Norfolk). 
 
 " J. Edgar Thompson. 
 
 '• Moses Thomas. 
 
 " Moses Thomas & Son. 
 
 " Joseph B. Townsend. 
 
 1859 George W. Taylor. 
 
 " Michael Trump & Son. 
 
 " Geo. Thompson. 
 
 " Paul Thurlo. 
 
 " Mary A. Taylor. 
 
 " Henry C. Townsend. 
 
 " Dr. Isaac Thomas. 
 
 " Nathan Taylor. 
 
 *' Wm G. Tiiomas. 
 
 " Tessiere, Mrs. 
 
 Mrs. B. Taylor. 
 
 Solomon Townsend. 
 
 Joseph M. Thomas. 
 
 Thomas Thompson. 
 
 Lewis Thompson & Co. 
 
 George Trotter. 
 
 Edward Tatum. 
 
 Chas. P. Tutt, M D. 
 " Richard S. Thomas. 
 " William P. Tatham. 
 " Susan T. Thompson. 
 " .James H. Tlu.mpson. 
 " Charles T. Thompson. 
 '• John J. Thompson, Jr. 
 •' George F. Taylor. 
 1866 Jolin Thompson, Jr. 
 
 " Lewis Taws. 
 1807 Joseph Triuil)le. 
 " Lydia Thomas. 
 " E. G. Townsend. 
 " Geo. M. Troutman. 
 " Henry J$. Tatham. 
 
 1860 
 
 1861 
 1864 
 
 1865
 
 142 
 
 1S6T Geo. \. Tntham. 
 
 *' Moiiry Tilge. 
 
 " George Trott. 
 
 1869 George Tales. 
 
 1873 Eliz:il>eth 11. Turnpenny. 
 
 " Rebecca A. Tasker. 
 
 ISTfi Mary E. Turnpenny. 
 
 U. 
 
 1709 Abraham Usher. 
 1856 George Urwiler. 
 
 V. 
 
 1756 William Vanderspiegel. 
 1761 John Vanderen. 
 
 1785 John Vaughan. 
 
 1786 William Von Phul. 
 
 1796 Ambrose Vasse, merchant. 
 
 1799 William Vicary, mariner. 
 
 1819 Roberts Vaux. 
 
 1826 George Vaux. 
 
 1887 F. A. Vandyke, M.D. 
 
 1855 Eliza 11. Vaux. 
 " W. S. Vaux. 
 
 1856 George Vaux, .Jr. 
 
 " Mrs S. B. Vansycle. 
 
 " Verree & Mitchell. 
 1859 Vandevear & Bolton. 
 
 " Charles Vezin. 
 1867 Wm. P. Vaux. 
 
 W. 
 
 1751 Casper Wistar. 
 
 " Joseph Wharton, cooper. 
 " Townsend White, merchant. 
 " Robert Willan. 
 
 1752 John Wistar. 
 
 " James Wright. 
 
 " Daniel Williams, baker. 
 
 1754 Charles West. 
 
 " John Wier. 
 
 " Abraham Wagner. 
 
 " Robert Wain, merchant. 
 
 " Richard Wistar. 
 
 " Joseph Watkins. 
 
 " George Westcott, brazier. 
 
 " Charles West, Jr., cooper. 
 
 " Anthony Wilkinson, carver. 
 
 " Joseph Wills, clockmaker. 
 
 " Edmund Winder. 
 
 " Jacob Winey. 
 
 " Joseph Wood, merchant. 
 
 " Peter Worrell. 
 
 1755 Jeremiah Warder, hatter. 
 
 1756 William Wallace. 
 " Thomas Wharton. 
 •• James Whitehead. 
 " James Wharton. 
 
 " Joseph Wharton, Jr. 
 " Stephen Wooley. 
 " Samuel Wharton. 
 
 1758 William West, merchant. 
 " Stephen Williams. 
 
 " Swen Warner. 
 " James Wallace. 
 " AVilliam Wishart. 
 
 1759 Daniel Wistar. 
 " Joseph Wurner. 
 
 1761 James West. 
 
 " Richard Wain. 
 
 " John Wood, clockmaker. 
 
 " Thomas Willing, Esq. 
 
 1762 John Whitelock. 
 " Isaac Whitelock. 
 " John Wikoff. 
 
 " James Webb. 
 
 " John Wilcocks. 
 
 " Joseph Watkins. Jr. 
 
 1763 Joseph Wetherill. 
 
 " Kev. George Whitfield. 
 1765 Thomas Wharton. 
 " Thomas WagstafF, of London (a 
 
 watch). 
 " James White. 
 
 1767 Richard Walker. 
 
 1768 Robert Wickersham, 
 
 1769 Joseph Watson, M.D. 
 " William Wistar. 
 
 1771 Anna Warner. 
 
 " Thomas Wishart, chandler. 
 " John Wharton. 
 
 1772 Benjamin Wynkoop. 
 " Jeremiah Warder, Jr. 
 
 1775 Richard Willing. 
 ♦' Isaac Wh.'trton. 
 
 " William Whitpain, carpenter. 
 
 1776 Noah Webster (lectures for bene- 
 
 fit of hosj)ital). 
 1780 Charles Wharton, merchant. 
 1782 John Wall. 
 
 1784 Samuel Williams, cabinet-maker. 
 
 1785 Christian Wirtz. 
 " William Wirtz. 
 
 " William West. 
 " Thomas Wistar. 
 " Israel Wheelen. 
 " Nicholas Wain. 
 
 1786 Gideon Hill Wells. 
 " Jesse Wain. 
 
 " John Warner, whalebone-carver. 
 " Henry Wynkoop. 
 " Solomon White. 
 " Robert Wharton.
 
 143 
 
 1786 Philip Wager nnd George Ha- 
 
 backer. 
 '♦ Lambert Wilmer. 
 " James Wilson, shopkeeper. 
 " Charles West, Jr. 
 " Robert Wain, Jr., merchant. 
 " Sarah Wistar. 
 
 1787 Samuel Wheeler. 
 
 " Bartholomew Wistar. 
 
 1788 Richard Wistar. 
 •' John Warder. 
 
 1791 Bryan Wilkinson. 
 
 " Caspar Wistar, 1\I.D. 
 1795 Kearney Wharton, merchant. 
 
 " Caspar Wistar, of Chester Co. 
 
 " Catherine Wistar, Jr. 
 
 " George G. Woelpper, butcher. 
 179fi James Woodhouse, M.D. 
 
 1797 Dr. John White, druggist. 
 
 1798 Andrew Wood. 
 
 1799 Martha Whitelock. 
 
 1801 William Wister, merchant. 
 " William Wain, merchant. 
 
 1802 James Wood, merchant. 
 
 1 803 Jeremiah Warder, Jr., merchant. 
 
 1806 John G. Wachsmuth, mercliant. 
 " Alexander Wilson, merchant. 
 
 •' Thomas M. Willing, merchant. 
 " John Watson. 
 
 1807 William Warner, merchant. 
 
 " Benjamin C. Wilcocks, merchant. 
 
 1808 Samuel Williamson, silversmith. 
 
 1810 Georges. Wilson. 
 " John Wister. 
 
 " Charles J. Wister. 
 
 1811 Henry L. Waddell. 
 
 1812 Joseph Watson, lumber mer- 
 
 chant. 
 1814 Israel Whelen. 
 
 1816 Jacoh S. Wain. Jr. 
 " Edward Wilson. 
 
 1817 Benjamin West (picture of Christ 
 
 Healing the Sick). 
 1819 Richard Wistar, .)r. 
 1821 Thomas Wildon. 
 
 " Silas E. Weir. 
 
 " Bartholomew Wistar. 
 
 1824 Caspar Wistar, M.D. 
 " Charles Watson. 
 
 1825 George B. Wood, M.D. 
 
 1828 Henry J. Williams, attorney-at- 
 law. 
 
 1832 David Woelpper, Sr., butcher. 
 " Jeremiah Willets, plasterer. 
 
 1833 Josiah White. 
 
 1834 Captain William West, mariner. 
 " Henry White. 
 
 1835 Mifflin Wistar, M D. 
 
 " Joseph Warrington, M.D. 
 1840 Joshua M. Wallace, M.D. 
 
 1840 
 
 John Wistar, lumber merchant. 
 
 " 
 
 B. Wyatt Wistar, merchant. 
 
 1841 
 
 Richard Willing. 
 
 1844 
 
 Charles Willing, IM.D. 
 
 1845 
 
 Horatio C. Wood, merchant. 
 
 " 
 
 John R. Worrell. 
 
 «' 
 
 William Welsh. 
 
 1846 
 
 Samuel Welsh. 
 
 '» 
 
 David Woelpper, Jr , butcher. 
 
 " 
 
 George Woelpper, butcher. 
 
 1848 
 
 Robert F. Walsh. 
 
 " 
 
 William Weightman, manufactur 
 
 
 ing chemist. 
 
 " 
 
 Thomas H. White. 
 
 1851 
 
 Richard D. Wood, merchant. 
 
 << 
 
 John M. Whitall. 
 
 1852 
 
 James Whitall. 
 
 1853 
 
 Charles S. Wurtz. 
 
 1854 
 
 R. Sterling Wilson. 
 
 " 
 
 Edward S. Whelan. 
 
 " 
 
 Peter Williamson. 
 
 " 
 
 Henry J. Williams. 
 
 1855 
 
 S. Morris Wain. 
 
 " 
 
 Rebecca White, 
 
 1856 
 
 J. Ringgold Wilmer. 
 
 " 
 
 Benjamin H. Warder. 
 
 " 
 
 Elizabeth Wistar. 
 
 " 
 
 Isaac S. Waterman. 
 
 t( 
 
 Dilwynn AVistar. 
 
 " 
 
 Caleb Cresson Wistar. 
 
 " 
 
 Bartholomew Wistar. 
 
 " 
 
 G. D. Wetherill & Co. 
 
 i< 
 
 C. R. & S. Welsh. 
 
 " 
 
 Charlotte W. Wetherill. 
 
 " 
 
 Rachel P. Wetherill. 
 
 <« 
 
 Thomas B Wattsoii. 
 
 " 
 
 John W. Wallace. 
 
 " 
 
 Francis R. Wjiarton. 
 
 '< 
 
 Edward S. Wiielan. 
 
 »' 
 
 Welsford & Wilson. 
 
 (1 
 
 Mrs. Samuel Welsh. 
 
 <t 
 
 Benjamin P. Williams. 
 
 " 
 
 Samuel Williams. 
 
 " 
 
 Thomas R. Williams. 
 
 «» 
 
 Isabella Williams. 
 
 (1 
 
 Asa Whitney & Sons. 
 
 " 
 
 Wm. Woodnut. 
 
 " 
 
 John R. Wilmer. 
 
 " 
 
 Joseph Warner. 
 
 «' 
 
 Isaac S. Williams. 
 
 " 
 
 Albert Worrell. 
 
 " 
 
 John ('. Weber. 
 
 " 
 
 Tobias Wagner. 
 
 " 
 
 Rathmcl Wilson. 
 
 a 
 
 Samuel Walley. 
 
 <i 
 
 Geo. W. Watson. 
 
 1857 
 
 Ambrose White. 
 
 (( 
 
 William W.irner, Jr. 
 
 " 
 
 George M. Warner. 
 
 " 
 
 Harriet Warner.
 
 144 
 
 1857 Ciitlmrine A. Wnrner. 
 '* Thomas F. Wliarton. 
 *' Malilon Williamson. 
 " William S. Wilson. 
 
 •' l)avid S. Wincbrenncr. 
 
 '♦ Georjie J. Weaver. 
 
 " Waterman, Oi^horne & Co. 
 
 •' William 11. White. 
 
 " John Wise. 
 
 " Charles Wise. 
 
 " John Wright. 
 
 " James D. Wetham. 
 
 " John Woodsiile & Co. 
 
 " Thomas Williamson. 
 
 *' Isaiah V. Williamson. 
 
 " R. A. and J. J. Williams & Co. 
 
 " Howard Williams. 
 
 " James M. Wilcox & Co. 
 
 •' John Welsh. 
 
 1858 John Wiegand. 
 
 " Mary Ann Williams. 
 
 '« E. S. Whelan & Co. 
 
 " Wm Wilson & Sons. 
 
 " AVilliam Wainwright. 
 
 " Robert Whitaker. 
 
 " Morris S. Wickersham. 
 
 " Ellerslie Wallace. 
 
 " C. W. Warnick. 
 
 " D. N. Wetzler. 
 
 " Weaver & Volkner. 
 
 1859 J. V. Watson. 
 " Robert West. 
 
 " David Woelpper. 
 
 " Mary Wagner. 
 
 " John Werst. 
 
 " J. T. Way. 
 
 " Passmore Williamson. 
 
 " 0. Howard Wilson. 
 
 " George F. Womrath. 
 
 " Warner, Miskey & Merrill. 
 
 " William Wilstach. 
 
 " .James A. Wright. 
 
 " Richard Wright. 
 
 " George A. Wright. 
 
 " Samuel Wright. 
 
 " Jos. P. W'ilson, of West Chester. 
 
 '« John R. Walker. 
 
 " Wetherill & Bro, 
 
 " John Welsh, Jr. 
 
 " Mrs. Asa W'hitney. 
 
 " Geo. D. Wetherill. 
 
 " John R. Worrell. 
 
 " Mark Wilco.^. 
 
 " Wise, Pusey & Wise. 
 
 " Thomas Wilson, M.D. 
 
 " Mary R. Welsh. 
 
 '« Anna M. Welsh. 
 
 " Mary Wbitall. 
 
 '« C. B. AVright. 
 
 " R. J. Watson. 
 
 1859 Mrs. Charles Wood. 
 •« Samuel Watt. 
 
 1860 George Wrinlcr. 
 •' Sarali Wistar. 
 
 " Workmen Factory of Code, Hop- 
 per & Gratz. 
 
 " James P. Wilson. 
 
 " Henry R. Worthington, of N. Y. 
 
 " Rebecca M. Welsh. 
 
 " Josephine E. Welsh. 
 
 " Wood & Perot. 
 
 18G3 Lewis T. Wattson. 
 18G4 Dr. Ellwood Wilson. 
 
 " Work, McCouch &, Co. 
 
 " Richard D. Wood & Co. 
 
 " Joseph Wharton. 
 
 " Gideon G. Wescott. 
 
 " Charles W. Wharton. 
 
 " Edward M. Wright. 
 
 " Whitall, Tatum & Co. 
 
 " Henry L. Wain. 
 
 " Edward Wain. 
 
 1865 Annie Wain. 
 
 " Henry Wharton. 
 
 '• Horace Williams. 
 
 " John Pi. Wercherer. 
 
 " Thomas Wistar, M.D. 
 
 " Geo. B. Wood. 
 
 " Horatio C. Wood, Jr., M D. 
 
 " John B. Wood. 
 
 " James F. Wood. 
 
 " William E. Wood. 
 
 " Caleb \Vood. 
 
 1866 Alex. WhilUlen & Sons. 
 
 1867 Whelan, Townsend & Co. 
 " John R. White & Son. 
 
 " Henry Wallace. 
 
 " Sallie N. Wain. 
 
 " John H. Williams. 
 
 " Charles Wheeler. 
 
 " R. & G. A. Wright. 
 
 " Samuel J. White. 
 
 1868 Joseph Lapsley Wilson. 
 " Richard Wood. 
 
 1870 Redwood F. Warner. 
 
 " Charles H. Wagner. 
 
 1872 S. D. Walton. 
 
 " Wm. Wynne Wistar. 
 
 1873 George Watson. 
 1875 Jane G. Wilson. 
 
 1754 Francis Yarnall. 
 
 1756 Thomas York. 
 
 1776 William Young, potter (in earth- 
 
 ernware). 
 1781 Peter Yarnall, M.D. 
 1785 Ellis Yarnall, merchant.
 
 145 
 
 1807 
 
 Samuel Yoike. 
 
 1813 
 
 Beiijivmin H. Yarnall, iron-mon- 
 
 1856 
 
 ger. 
 Chark'S Young. 
 
 • < 
 
 Alexander Young. 
 
 II 
 
 Charles Yarnall. 
 
 1857 
 
 William H. Yeaton. 
 
 " 
 
 William J Young. 
 
 1858 
 
 Mary Ann Yardley. 
 Edward Yarnall. 
 
 1859 
 
 Yard, Gil more & Co. 
 
 • ' 
 
 Howard Yarnall. 
 
 1860 Yarnall & Cooper. 
 1867 James T. Young. 
 
 1754 Lloyd Zacbary. 
 
 " Isaac Zane. 
 
 " Jonathan Zane. 
 1759 Nathan Zane. 
 1777 Isaac Zane, Jr. 
 1792 William Zane. 
 
 THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE PENN FAMILY. 
 
 Thomas and Richard Penn, sons of the distinguished founder 
 of Pennsylvania, contributed (1762 to 1775) nearly $1500 to the 
 purposes of tliis charity ; and, further, by patent dated November 
 10, 1767, gave, to complete the Hospital square, a lot of ground, 
 extending on Spruce Street, from 8th to 9th Streets, 396 feet, and 
 southwards a depth of 107 feet on 8th and 9th Streets respectively. 
 They likewise gave to the Hospital, by patent dated in 1769, a lot 
 on Spruce Street, extending west from 9th Street, 198 feet, and 
 southwardl}- in depth 107 feet to other land of the Hospital; 
 being part of the lot on which Portico Square is now built. 
 
 Contributions to this charity are received by John T. Lewis, 
 Treasurer, or either of the Managers or Stewards. 
 
 Bequests should be made in the corporate name, to " The 
 Contributors to the Pennsylvania Hospital." 
 
 10
 
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