LB UC-NRLF MiiliiliiiilliiilliiiliH B 3 071 717 O EXCHANGE c^ ' 286-»ll-250a« BULLETIN OF TH£ UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS^^ No. 198 FOUR TIMES A MONTH EXTENSION SERIES No.-iS^ '^ SEPTEMBER 8, 1911 REMODELED RURAL SCHOOL BUILDINGS ^^ PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AUSTIN, TEXAS Entered as second-class mail matter at the postofice at Austin, Texas. CultlTated mind is the guardian genius of democracy. ... It is the only dictator that freemen ac- knowledge and the only security that freemen desire. President Mirabeau B. Lamar. Austin Printing: Company. REMODELED RURAL SCHOOL BUILDINGS SUPPLEMENT No. 1 TO ONE-ROOM AND TWO-ROOM SCHOOL BUILDINGS Many school buildings have been constructed without proper regard for heating, lighting and ventilation. To specify such a remodeling of these buildings as will secure the proper con- ditions is the purpose of this bulletin. CONDITIONS NECESSARY. . In every school room it is necessary that the light come from only one direction (from high in the room, and from the pupil's left), the heating must be uniform and the air in the room must be changed at least every fifteen minutes. HOW THESE CONDITIONS MAY BE SECURED. Windows. The bottom of the windows should be 3 feet 6 inches from the floor, and the top, or transoms above the top should extend to within 6 inches of the ceiling. In remodeling buildings where the windows are too low at the bottom the fault may be corrected by means of a hinged board fastened at the bottom of the window. See cut, page 5. The board should be of such width that it will bring the bot- tom of the window to the height of 3 feet 6 inches. For the ad- vantages of windows placed at the proper height in the wall, see bulletin on One-Room and Two-Room Rural School Buildings, pages 8 and 9. Transoms. Windows too low at the top may be corrected by placing a transom above the window. The transom must be of such width that it will extend to within 6 inches of the ceiling, leaving room only for the facing, and it must be hinged at the bottom, so that it wiD. swing open into the room. See cut, page 5. For discussion of transoms, see bulletin, One-Room and Two- Room Rural School Buildings. M523683 4 Bulletin of the University of Texas Grouping of Windows. In the Texas climate the south and east breezes are necessary to the comfort of the room. The choice between a south or east exposure may depend somewhat upon the locality, but since the south light is better than the east light, and since the prevailing winds during the warm seasons are more southerly than easterly, the preference is given the southern ex- posure. The south wall of the room therefore should contain at least five windows grouped together, so that only a thin mullion separates them. See cut. With this arrangement the pupil must face the west wall, which should be left blank. The cloak- rooms must be placed on the north side of the room. The east wall may have two or three windows for the sake of ventilation, but these windows must always be fitted with wood slat louvers (see cut) which shut out the light. Remodeled Rural School Buildings I 6 BuUetin of the University of Texas Cloak Booms. The cloak rooms may be arranged in either of the two ways illustrated in the cuts, II or III. If the room is no larger than needed to accommodate the pupils the cloak rooms should be attached on the outside, as illustrated in cut No. II. If the room is wider than necessary a partition may be inserted as illustrated in cut No. III. WEST CUT I. Remodeled Rural School Buildings ',m ■ ■ \ WltMPOWS - — ■ 1 / m • TEACMER'S ui P£SK r h " Cs ro J oo b. ua WLSt OUT n. we^T OUT III. BvXletin of the University of Texas Heating. Showing the improved circulation produced by the jacketed stove with fresh air admitted through a sliding door in the floor underneath the stove and passing up between the stove and the jacket. The hot air rises and produces a pressure in the room, forcing out the cold, bad air through the vent flue shown in the cut near the floor and just behind the stove. The circula- tion is further helped by extending the stove pipe into the vent flue, running it on up inside this flue to the top of the house. As soon as this pipe becomes heated from the stove, it heats the surrounding air in the flue, which rises and thus starts a suction in the flue and helps to draw out the cold air from the room be- low. The arrows indicate the direction of the currents of air in the room. Remodeled Rural School Buildings ARRAAlG^rAEl/IX OF MEATi/iG <^ Ve:/itilatio/^ DtPARTr\LnT E.XTZnS\On, U/^IVE:P5ITY of TtXAS The above cut shows how the same system may be introduced in a building that has been constructed without a chimney. A foul air duct 30x24 inches made of galvanized iron may be used instead. In this case the stove pipe will be continued in- side the flue as ordinary Russian iron, or galvanized iron. This has the advantage that the foul air vent will be more readily heated, thereby facilitating the removal of the foul air from the room. The fresh air inlet under the stove should also be made of galvanized iron.