^~A-' 
 
 -ti 
 
 \o
 
 DEMOSTHENES 
 
 AGAINST ANDROTION 
 
 AND 
 
 AGAINST TIMOCRATES. 
 
 • • • • * • •
 
 itonDon : C. J. CLAY and SONS, 
 
 CAMBEIDGE UNIVERSITY PEESS WAREHOUSE, 
 
 AVE MARIA LANE. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE : DEIGHTON, BELL, AND CO. 
 
 LEIPZIG : F. A. BROCKHAUS. 
 
 NEW YORK: MACMILLAN AND CO. 
 
 1 A 
 • « « 
 
 • • • *
 
 DEMOSTHENES 
 
 AGAINST ANDEOTION 
 
 AND 
 
 AGAINST TIMOCEATES 
 
 WITH 
 
 INTRODUCTIONS AND ENGLISH NOTES 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM WAYTE, M.A. 
 
 F0K3IEKLT FELLOW OF KING's COLLEGE, CAMBBIDGE, 
 JOINT EDITOR OF THE "DICTIONAEY OF GREEK AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES." 
 
 EDITED FOR THE SYNDICS OF THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 
 
 SECOND EDITION. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE: 
 
 AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 
 181)3 
 
 [All lliijlits reserved,]
 
 Camtirtligc : 
 
 PRINTKl) BY C. J. CLAY, M.A., AND SONS, 
 AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
 
 / n 
 
 CO 
 td 
 
 I PREFACE. 
 
 <: 
 
 oOf the two Speeches included in this volume, the shorter, 
 
 (n Against Androtion, has never yet been separately edited 
 
 "^ia England. The only separate edition of it appeared 
 
 ^just fifty years ago in Germany, that of C. H. Funkhaenel, 
 
 ^with Latin notes, Leipzig, 1832. The other and longer 
 
 cvjspeech. Against Timocrates, has not been separately edited 
 
 gat all; though its composite character, and the uncertainty 
 
 how far in its extant form it corresponds with the speech 
 
 actually delivered, have given it a prominent place in 
 
 ecent critical discussions. A tolerably clear field is thus 
 
 pen, it has been thought, for an edition with an English 
 
 ommentary ; and the close connexion of the two speeches 
 
 y^jboth in subject-matter and treatment, extending even to 
 
 jthe repetition of whole passages with only slight altera- 
 
 '^tions, has suggested the dual arrangement here adopted. 
 
 A further inducement to the selection of these speeches 
 
 has been the desire to familiarise the English student 
 
 with their many rich illustrations of the principles and 
 
 practice of Attic Law. This is a subject to wliicii the 
 
 Kditor has been led to devote special attention in con- 
 
 w. I). h 
 
 ii78943
 
 vi PREFACE. 
 
 iK'xiou with the new edition, now preparing, of Dr 
 William Smith's Dictionary of Antiquities. Had the 
 available English aids to this study been more recent 
 than they are, they could not compete in freshness and 
 interest with the exploration of the original sources in 
 writings which are not only perfect models of Attic style 
 and forensic acumen, but examples, taken from real life, 
 of causes that have actually been fought out in Attic 
 law-courts \ The Editor is not without hope that this 
 book may fall into the hands of men who, while they 
 have become trained lawyers, have not lost all their 
 interest in their early studies, especially on kindred sub- 
 jects. To such men it is possible that some of the 
 analogies (whether by way of comparison or contrast) 
 with English law, here ventured on by one who has only 
 studied that law as a citizen, may appear fanciful or over- 
 strained. From such men he will thankfully accept cor- 
 rection. 
 
 At the suggestion of the Syndics of the University 
 Press the same general plan has been adopted, with some 
 modifications, as in the Select Private Orations of Messrs 
 Paley and Sandys. This has involved the selection of 
 Dindorf's text in the Teubuer series, taken from his third 
 and latest edition (1855). Those teachers who may wish 
 to place the text only in the hands of their class Avill thus 
 be enabled to do so at a trifling cost^ The editions of 
 
 1 ' It is not from mere dictionaries of antiquities, nor from lexicons, 
 however good, that such questions and practices of the Attic law can be 
 fully understood.' Paley and Sandys, Pref. to Select Private Orations, 
 pt. I. 
 
 2 The Teubner text of Demosthenes and the other orators may be
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 Vll 
 
 which the various readings are given, are (1) the Zurich 
 edition of Baiter and Sauppe, 1850, (2) Bekker's last or 
 stereotype edition, 1854, and (3) that of Benseler, 1861. 
 Within the limits of these texts the true reading, it is 
 believed, will (except in the few corrupt passages where 
 the MSS. fail us) generally be found. Benseler himself 
 gives in his foot-notes a collation of the Zurich text (for 
 which his symbol is BS = Baiter and Sauppe, in this 
 edition Z), Bekker's Berlin edition of 1824 (B), his stereo- 
 typed text of 1854 (b), and Dindorf (D). These foot- 
 notes have proved of material aid in the preparation of 
 the list of various readings here given, but have not been 
 implicitly followed : the Zurich text, which also notes its 
 own variations from Bekker's Berlin edition, has been 
 collated independently. It has not been thought neces- 
 sary to go thirty years further back, and give the readings 
 of either of Bekker's early editions, Oxford, 1822, and 
 Berlin, 1824. As a textual critic, Bekker deserves espe- 
 cially to be judged by his latest and best work. Those 
 who are familiar with his text of Plato, which he never 
 revised, will know how much he left to be done by later 
 editors in the way of selections from his own vast appa- 
 ratus of various readings, and discriminating deference to 
 the best MSS. : other authors, such as Thucydides and 
 Demosthenes, he went on polishing and improving until 
 he had arrived at his final results, and then stereotyped 
 them. It is not denied that Bekker, in the text as here 
 exhibited, is too often carried away by excessive admira- 
 
 obtained in parts as well as volumes. The Androtion is in Vol. ii. pt. i., 
 the Timocrates in part ii. of the same volume.
 
 viii PREFACE. 
 
 tion for the Parisian MS. S (or S) ; several instances are 
 pointed out in the notes ; but he is at least more inde- 
 pendent than the Zurich editors ; and the best corrective 
 of the occasional vagaries of both texts is, in my opinion, 
 the judgment of Dindorf, more robust and self-reliant 
 still '. Apart, therefore, from the convenience of the 
 Teubner series for general use, Dindorf 's edition, though 
 not, as Messrs Paley and Sandys point out, claiming the 
 authority of a textus receptus, is perhaps the nearest 
 approach to it". Benseler's text is a curiosity, but it 
 has nevertheless been thought worth preserving. After 
 the humorous protest of Shilleto's jsreface to the de Falsa 
 Legatione, it might be thought that the Zurich editors 
 could hardly be outdone in devotion to MS. 2 : but 
 Benseler has accomplished this feat. Of his few notes, 
 no small proportion is occupied in finding reasons, more 
 or less ingenious, for following 2 when it leads him like 
 an ignis fatuus into a quagmire ^ 
 
 In two passages there has seemed to be sufficient reason 
 for departing from Dindorf's text. One of these is in 
 T. S 59, where Dindorf has omitted the concluding words 
 of the "law" which, like other recent scholars, he brackets 
 
 1 Instances of Dindorf's happy audacity occur T. 31, where he alone 
 retains adetav tov /xtj tl Tradetv in place of the tasteless rod tl nadeiv : 
 T. 141 TrXeiv : T. 152 raiJTri : T. 156 Stj for dV. In one or two places 
 regard for Attic usage has compelled me to protest against the reading of 
 all four editors: e.g. aV^o-xec^e A. 68 for the -nviaxecrde of old edd., 
 including the Oxford Bekker, and all MSS. except Z:. 
 
 2 The new edition by H. Weil unfortunately stops, at present, just 
 short of these speeches : the two volumes published extend as far as 
 Or. XXI. 
 
 3 Examples of this occur A. 70, 78, T. 9, 110.
 
 PREFACE. ix 
 
 as an interpolation. The more closely I examine these 
 inserted documents, the less reason I see either to correct 
 their Greek or to bring their statements into harmony 
 ^vith what we learn from other sources. It may be 
 doubted whether some Germans have not sone too far 
 in acknowledging even a partial admixture of genuine 
 material independently of the speech itself. It seems 
 best, therefore, to let the text stand for what it is worth, 
 as it appears in the MSS. and all other editions. The 
 other passage, T. § 195, is one of thirteen in which Dindorf 
 has followed S, sometimes with the support of other MSS., 
 in reading ala')(^poKephiav for ala-^poKepheiav. It is of 
 course possible that Demosthenes may have used, for 
 reasons known to himself, a form so contrary to analogy, 
 and that S may here represent a genuine tradition : but 
 the editors most devoted to S have shrunk from this 
 conclusion, and Dindorf again stands alone. 
 
 In the Notes my object, like that of my predecessors, 
 has been to afford full help Avithout unduly encouraging 
 " the less industrious sort." With this view some pains 
 have been taken in so arranging the matter that the 
 commentary may be read through and not merely referred 
 to. The intention, at least, has been to give an explana- 
 tion of every real difficulty, in one way or another but not 
 always in the same way, to those who will be at the 
 trouble of looking for it. The abstracts at the beginning 
 of each paragraph have, as in the Select Private Orations, 
 been utili.sed for this purpo.se : and a hint thus conveyed 
 has often been substituted for more literal renderings in 
 the notes. There is still, I believe, in some quarters a
 
 X PREFACE. 
 
 prejudice against full explanatory notes, under the idea 
 that the student should be left as much as possible to 
 quarry his own materials. The Germans, who cannot be 
 suspected of wishing to encourage slovenly methods of 
 study, have lately in their school and college editions set 
 us the example of liberal help in the vernacular^ : while 
 both the English Universities have of late given full 
 sanction to this treatment of ancient authors. The chief 
 and, I hold, amply sufficient reason for thus facilitating 
 the acquirement of scholarship is the immense pressure 
 of modern subjects and consequent limitation of the time 
 which can be devoted to classics. In the days of a 
 narrower curriculum, lads of the right sort might safely 
 be encouraoed to bestow long hours on the Latin writings 
 of the great critics, or on notes so framed as merely to 
 excite curiosity without satisfying it. If the amount of 
 quartz to be crushed was large in proportion to the gold 
 to be extracted, the exercise itself was healthy and bracing. 
 Such studies are now unavoidably relegated to the time — 
 if that time ever arrives — when the work of the specialist 
 has succeeded that of general education. 
 
 For the same reason, the old prejudice against the use 
 of translations has become considerably modified of late, 
 especially in the case of authors read only by the more 
 advanced students. It has been assumed, therefore, that 
 the excellent translation of the late Charles Rann 
 Kennedy will be in the hands of many, if not most, of 
 the readers of this book : and it has been thought possible 
 occasionally to improve upon his renderings. His version 
 1 As e.g. Stein"s Herodotus and Classen's Tlmcy elides.
 
 PREFACE. xi 
 
 is indeed nearly perfect of its kind, as Mr Sandys has 
 called it : but it is the work of a most consummate 
 scholar, as well as of a very able lawyer, produced under 
 great pressure of time and consequent liability to over- 
 sights*. It has been compared throughout with Benseler's 
 translation, to which some of the corrections are due. 
 The German version is naturally the more leisurely per- 
 formance : it is the work of a man whose whole life was 
 given (as Mr Kennedy's was not) to philological studies. 
 Yet the comparison is not, on the whole, to the disadvan- 
 tage of our countryman, whose judgment often strikes 
 me as superior to Benseler's in the choice of conflicting 
 interpretations. I can scarcely venture to criticise German 
 style ; but apart from its great accuracy Benseler's trans- 
 lation appears to me to be both picturesque and sugges- 
 tive, and I have sometimes quoted from it. 
 
 The Orators have been specially reperused for the 
 purposes of this volume and of kindred studies ; and it is 
 hoped that something appreciable in amount has been 
 added to the illustrative quotations which, like the edicta 
 translaticia of the Roman praetors, have been handed on 
 as common material from one Variorum edition to another. 
 This will be found to be more particularly the case with 
 the Tinwcrates, the industry of Funkhaeuel having alreatly 
 done so much for the Androtion. The aim has been to 
 illustrate Demosthenes as much as possible from himself; 
 
 ' BesidcB the valuable appendixes to Mr Kennedy's complete trans- 
 lation in five vols., his earlier volume of Select Speeches (the five 
 (iiiardiaii Speeches), 1841, contains an important series of notes on Attic 
 law, not reprinted in tho collective edition, and dating from a finie when 
 &\(\h to this study were almost non-existent in England.
 
 xii PREFACE. 
 
 his self-laudations are checked by the invectives of 
 Aeschines, Deinarchus, and Hypereides ; among the other 
 orators Andocides, Lysias, and Isaeus are especially valu- 
 able as sources of Attic law ; and he sometimes pays 
 Isocrates the compliment of imitating him. The Orators 
 are quoted uniformly from the editions in the Teubner 
 series. To the sections (§§) of this series, which are those 
 of Bekker's Berlin edition, have been added, in the case 
 of Demosthenes, the usually cited pages (Reiske's). In 
 referring to the less voluminous orators, or to the two 
 speeches contained in this book, the pages are omitted ^ 
 The Dramatists are cited from the fifth edition of Dindorfs 
 Poetae Scenici, 1869 ; Grote's History from the eight- 
 volume edition of 1862 (earlier and later are in twelve). 
 Other editions do not require to be specified, or are in- 
 cluded in the Select List of Books appended to this Preface. 
 The grammatical references are mostly to Madvig's 
 Syntax, translated by Browne, and to Prof W. W. Good- 
 win's Moods and Tenses, both works remarkable for their 
 common-sense treatment of syntactical questions^: some- 
 times to the larger materials of Jelf, after Kiihner. 
 
 1 The sections of the Beiiin edition are now invariably used in 
 foreign books of reference, e.g. Pauly, or Daremberg and Saglio, and 
 latterly in this country as well, e.g. by Paley and Sandys. English 
 scholars of the last generation, such as Thirlwall and G-rote in their 
 histories, Shilleto in his de Falsa Legatione, followed the more minute 
 subdivisions of the Oxford Bekker: and as Shilleto's book is in the 
 hands of most students of Demosthenes, I have usually given the double 
 reference in quoting from that speech, e.g. F. L. p. 413 § 230 = 255. In 
 these cases the higher number is Shilleto's ( = Oxford), the lower 
 Teubner s ( = Berlin). 
 
 - No one, it is to be hoped, now believes that d aov arepTjOui Soph.
 
 PREFACE. xiii 
 
 I am indebted to the kindness of my friend Mr 
 Sandys, Public Orator in the University, for the loan of 
 some valuable tracts on Greek Law and the knowledge of 
 others. 
 
 W. W. 
 
 6 Onslow Square, S.W. 
 October, 1882. 
 
 In revisiucr the book for a second edition I have made 
 full use of the criticisms of my always friendly reviewers. I 
 would name especially Prof Mahaffy in the Academy, 
 Herr Sorgel in the Pldlologische RundscJiaii, and a notice 
 of Weil's Deuxihne Serie, which includes these two speeches, 
 by Prof Butcher in the Classical Revieiv, i. 218 — 221. 
 Of M. Weil's own labours it would be difficult to speak 
 too highly. To a minute knowledge of 2 and the other 
 Parisian MSS. he adds a critical faculty of rare delicacy ; 
 and his notes are expressed with a clearness and terseness 
 scarcely to be found, in modern languages, outside the 
 French. Suggestions from various correspondents, one or 
 two being anonymous, have been weighed to the best of 
 my judgment. Dr. Sandys' standard edition of Aristotle's 
 Athenian Constitution, and the Attic portion of Thumser's 
 Staatsalterthunie)- (vol. i. jjt. 2, in the Hermann-Bllimner 
 series), fortunately appeared Just in time to l)e available. 
 
 Of;(]. Col. lli:^ occupicH a 'category of modality' between tl (TTtprjOdrjv 
 and Tjv cTtpriOQ} : see note on T. § 39.
 
 xiv PREFACE. 
 
 To print from the Teubner text while occasionally 
 expressing a preference for another reading, as was done 
 in the former edition, seems no longer expedient. Now 
 that the comparatively conservative text of Dindorf has 
 been succeeded, in the Teubner classics, by the sweeping 
 changes of Blass, it is no disparagement to the latter 
 distinguished scholar to say that his revision cannot be 
 unreservedly placed in the hands of students. An editor 
 must therefore use his own judgment in framing his text. 
 In Demosthenic rhythm, the rules may be regarded as 
 established that (1) hiatus is avoided except after a pause 
 in the sense, and (2) three short syllables seldom occur 
 together. This, however, does not account for such changes 
 as ovK ear ov8e fjuia for ovk 'iartv ovBe txia, eSo^' elvai, for 
 eSo^ev elvai, and the like. There is now a general agree- 
 ment in favour of the spellings reiaai and compounds, 
 Scopeui, e'lvsKa, for rlaat hwpea eveKa (to mention only 
 words found in these speeches), on the evidence of con- 
 temporary inscriptions as against the MSS. But to write 
 eKTeKra for eKTlai<;, or reOrjica for redeiKa, is to take a long 
 step beyond this ; and where the grammar of inscriptions 
 is still in an experimental stage, some caution may be 
 thought justifiable. As it is, Blass's text has been taken 
 as the basis, and has only been departed from where it 
 seemed capricious or arbitrary. 
 
 Some afterthoughts which, when the first edition was 
 printed, unavoidably found their way into the introduc- 
 tions, have now been transferred to their rightful places 
 in the commentary ; but in other respects these introduc- 
 tions are little altered. While pains have been taken to
 
 PREFACE. XV 
 
 render the notes more accurate, and illustrations from 
 inscriptions and archaeological discoveries more freely in- 
 troduced, some compression has been found practicable, 
 especially as to matters included in the Dictionary of 
 Antiquities. A mere reference to the new edition some- 
 times takes the place of a long note which had been 
 required for the correction of the unrevised Dictionary. 
 
 W. W. 
 
 6 Onslow Sqdabe, S.W. 
 February, 1893.
 
 SELECT LIST OF EDITIONS, DISSERTATIONS 
 AND BOOKS OF REFERENCE 
 
 On the two Speeches included in this Volume. 
 
 TEXTS. 
 
 (1) J. G. BAITER and H. SAUPPE. Oratores Attic i ; in one 
 volume -Ito, Zurich, 1850. (2) IMM. BEKKER. Demotstlienis Orationes; 
 stereotyped edition, 8vo. Leipzig, 1854. [Earlier editions, not here 
 referred to, Oxford, 1822, and BerUn, 1824]. (3) W. DINDORF. 
 Demosthetiis Orationes, edit to tertia c.orrect'wr ; (Teubner) Leipzig, 1855 
 [Ed. quarta, revised bv Blass, Teubner, 1890. Earlier editions, not here 
 referred to, Leipzig," 1825, Oxford, 1846]. (4) G. E. BENSELER. 
 Demosthenes' Werke. Griechisch und Deutsch, mit kritischen und 
 erklarenden Anmerkungen, lOter Theil, Reden gegen Androtion und 
 Timokrates, Leipzig, 1861. [His acknowledged work, though without 
 his name in the title-page.] (5) H. WEIL. Les Plaidoyers Politiques 
 de DemostMne, 2me S6rie, Paris, Hachette, 1886. 
 
 COMMENTARIES. 
 
 I. General. 
 
 (1) G. H. SCHAEFER. Apparatus criticus ad Demosthenem; London, 
 1821-7. [After Reiske. This is the "variorum" edition usually to be 
 met with in this country. There is another by G. S. Dobson, London, 
 1828, XVI. vols.] (2) ir. DINDORF. Demosthenes e.c recensione Gulielmi 
 Dindorfii ; Oxford (1849), Vol. vi. Annotationes interpretum ad Or. 20 — 
 26. (3) WHISTON, R. Demosthenes, with an English Commentary [in 
 Long and Macleane's Bihliothxa Classica. Unfinished ; vol. ii. (1868) 
 contains Or. xix — xxvi.]. (4) //. WEIL, commentary, as above. 
 
 II. Special. 
 
 C. II. FUNKHAENEL, Demosthenis Oratio in Androtionem; Leipzig, 
 1832. 
 
 LEXICOGRAPHY AND TEXTUAL CRITICISM. 
 
 (1) HARPOCRATION. Xi^eis tQv oiKa p-qTbpwv, ed. W. Dindorf; 
 Oxford, 1853. (2) T. MITCHELL (after Reiske). Indices Graecitatis 
 in Oratores Alticos ; 2 vols. Oxford, 1828. [Uniform with the Oxford 
 edition of Bekker's Oratores Attici^ Index Graecitatis Isacraticae ; 
 Oxford, 1828. [Uniform with the above]. (3) P. P. DOB REE. Adver- 
 saria; cura Hchoh'fidd; Cambridge, 1833 (ed. Wagner, Leipzig, 1H75). 
 (4) C. G. CO BET. {a) Variae Lectiones. Editio secunda auctior, 
 Leyden, 1873. (b) Novae Lectiones; Leydou, 18.58. (c) Miscellanea 
 Critira ; Leydon, 1876. (5) .7. .V. MADl'IG. Adversaria Critica ; vol. i. 
 In Scriptores Gruecos ; Copenhagen, 1871.
 
 xviii SELECT LIST OF EDITIONS, d-c. 
 
 DEMOSTHENIC LITERATURE. 
 
 General. 
 
 (1) ARNOLD SCHAEFER. Demosthenes und seine Zeit. 3 vols., 
 esp. vol. I. ch. 3, pp. 308 — 353 and vol. in. part 2, Beilagen, pp. 63 — 65, 
 Leipzig, 1856 — 58. (2) F. BLASS. Die Attische Beredsamkeit, 3te 
 Abtheilung, Iter Abschnitt. Demosthenes, esp. pp. 226 — 231, 244 — 251, 
 Leipzig, 1877. (3) R. C. JEBB. The Attic Orators from Antiphon to 
 Isaens, 2 vols., London, 1876. [Demosthenes only incidentally]. 
 (4) S. H. BUTCHER. Demosthenes [in Classical Writers, ed. by J. R. 
 Green], London, 1881. (5) J. P. MAHAFFY. {a) History of Classical 
 Greek Literature, London, 1880. Vol. ii. (Prose Authors), esp. ch. 11 
 (Demosthenes) and 12 (Contemporary Orators). (b) Social Life in 
 Greece, ed. 3, Loudon, 1877. [Drawn largely from the Private Orations]. 
 
 II. Special. 
 
 (1) C. L. BLUME. Prolegom. ad Dem. orationevi Timocrateam tria 
 capita priora, Berlin, 1823, pp. 48. [An inaugural dissertation on the 
 Panathenaea of g 26 ; now out of print. Some others of the following 
 tracts I have been unable to get a sight of, but think it best to make the 
 list as complete as possible. All the periodicals here mentioned have 
 been consulted]. (2) C. H. FUNKHAENEL. Symholae criticae in 
 Devwsthen. iv. in Orat. c. Timocratem. In Zeitschrift fiir die Alter- 
 thumsw. 1842, pp. 311—316. [Superseded by later editions]. (3) T. H. 
 DYER. On a passage inDem.'s Oration against Timocrates. In Classical 
 Museum, ii. 119—121, London, 1845. [Proposes a transposition of § 5, 
 placing it before §§ 3 and 4. But this will not remove the difficulties of 
 the first 16 §§ : see Introd.] (4) A. WESTERMANN. (a) Unter- 
 suchungen iiher die in die Attische Redner eingelegten Urkunden, pp. 136, 
 Leipzig, 1850. (b) Commentatio de iurisiuraiidi iudicum Atheniensium 
 formula quae exstat in Demosthenis oratione in Timocratevi. Pars i. pp. 
 20, II. pp. 16, III. pp. 14, Leipzig, 1858 — 9. [Three Academical Pro- 
 grammes. Westermann's criticism led the way to the total rejection of 
 the authenticity of the " inserted documents "]. (5) F. K. HERTLEIN. 
 Coniecturen zu Griech. Prosaikern. Wertheim, 1862. [Programme of a 
 Lyceum. Among the passages are Androt. § 37 and Timocr. § 16]. 
 (6) RUD. DAHMS. (a) Stadia Demosthenica (zur Rede gegen Timo- 
 krates), pp. 40, Berlin, 1866. [Programme], (b) Emendationes Demo- 
 sthenicae. In the Jahrbiicher fiir classische Philologie, vol. 93, pp. 674 — 8, 
 Leipzig (Teubner), 1866. [The following are the conjectures best worth 
 notice : Androt. § 33, ravTa BtKaia (for ravra), Timocr. § 206 Trdires ol' ay 
 TTov (for oTav ttov). The last is a decided improvement]. (7) J. B. 
 TELFY. Das wpo(TKaTd^\T]/j.a (Timocr. §§ 96—98). In Philologus 1860, 
 vol. XVI. pp. 365 — 368. [An improbable suggestion that 7rpo(T\-ar<x/3Xr?/aa 
 was an extra percentage paid by the farmers of the revenue]. (8) H. 
 FROHBERGER. Annotationes ad oratores Atticos. In Philologus 1870, 
 vol. 29, pp. 633 — 5. [Wishes to read ovk cLTroKpixj/onai. T. § 200, retaining 
 dTroTp^\f/o/j.ai, in §§ 1, 104].
 
 SELECT LIST OF EDITIOXS, &c. xix 
 
 GKEEK LAW. 
 
 (1) J. B. TELFY. Corpus luris Attici. Pesth, 1868. (2) G. F. 
 SCHOEMANN. De Comitiis Atheiiiensium. Halle, 1819. (On the 
 Assemblies of the Athenians, transl. by F. A. P., Cambridge, 1838.) 
 [Quoted by the pages of the original, which are also marked in the 
 English edition], (b) Griechische Alterthihiter, 3rd ed. Berlin, 1871. 
 Vol. I. (the State) transl. by E. G. Hardy and J. S. Mann, London, 1880. 
 Vol. II. was announced, but has not appeared, (c) MEIER and SCHOE- 
 MANN. I)er Attische Process. Halle, 1S24. [The new edition by 
 J. H. Lipsius, Berlin, 1883—7, is now referred to]. (3) A. BOECKH. 
 Die Staatshaushaltunfi der Athener, 3rd ed., by Friinkel, 1886, 2 vols. : 
 cited as Sthh.^ (Public Economy of Athcyis : translated from the 1st 
 German ed. by Sir George Cornewall Lewis, 2nd ed., London, 1842.) 
 (4) A'. F. HERMANN. Griechische Staatsalterthiimer. 6th ed. vol. i. 
 pt. 2, by V. Thumser, Freiburg im Breisgau, 1890—92. (5) C. R. 
 KENNEDY, (a) Notes (pp. 124—283) to Transl. of Select Speeches, 
 London, 1841. [A scarce and valuable book ; the notes are not reprinted 
 iu the collective edition], (b) The Orations of Dem. translated with 
 notes and dissertations. 5 vols. London, 1880. (6) V. CUCHEVAL. 
 Etude sur les Tribunaux Atheniens et les Plaidoyers Civils de Deniosthene, 
 par Victor Cucheval, Professeur au Lycee Bonaparte. Paris (Durand), 
 1863. (l)G.PERROT. Essai sur le Droit Public d'Athenes. Ouvrage 
 couronn^ par I'Academie Frangaise. Paris (Thorin), 1869. 
 
 Also articles in the following Dictionaries of Antiquities : 
 
 (8) AUG. PAULY. Real-Encyclopndie der classischen Alterthums- 
 wissenschaft. 6 vols, in 8 parts, Stuttgart, 1837 — 56. [A new edition 
 on an enlarged scale of vol. i. A — B, Stuttgart, 1864. Greek Law mostly 
 by Ant. Westermann]. 
 
 (9) W. SMFTH. Dictionary of Gr. and Rom. Antiq., 3rd ed. 
 London, 1891. Joint Editor, W. Wayte. [Greek Law mostly by 
 H. Hager and W. Wayte]. 
 
 (10) DAREMBERG and SAGLIO. Dictionnaire des Antiquites 
 Grecques et Romaines, parts 1 — 17, A — FAN, Paris (Hachette), 1873 — 92. 
 [Greek Law by E. Caillemer].
 
 MSS. OF DEMOSTHENES CONTAINING OR. XXII. 
 
 AND OR. XXIV. 
 
 2 (or S) in the Paris Library (No. 2934), on parchment, forma 
 maxima; century X. " Primae quidem classis unus superest Parisinus 
 S." Dindorf. Praef. ed. Oxon. p. vi. By far the best, and now recognised 
 as the proper basis of the text ; for limitations to this doctrine, see the 
 Preface. 
 
 F. Marcianus 416, in the Library of St Mark at Venice, on parch- 
 ment, forma maxima ; century XI. The best ms. of the second group or 
 family (Dindorf, ubi supra) but closely followed by B. 
 
 T (or Y) MS., Par. 2935 : on parchment, forma maxima. 
 
 ft (or 0). In the Jesuits' Library at Antwerp (No. 48), on paper, forma 
 maxima. The nearest approach to 2, according to Bekker. 
 
 k. MS. Par. 2998: on cotton paper (bombycinus), forma quadrata; 
 century XIV. Closely approaches A^. 
 
 r. MS. Par. 2936: on imrchment, /orma maxima; century XIII. 
 
 s. MS. Par. 2940: on cotton paper (bombycinus), forma quadrata. 
 Agrees generally with A^ and k. 
 
 t. MS. Par. 2294 : on parchment. 
 
 V. In the Paris Library (MS. Coislin. 339), on parchment. 
 
 /3". [i.e. the second of eight mss. named after Morel, the Paris 
 printer of the 16th century, and collated by Lambinus]. MS. Par. 
 2993. 
 
 e-". [fifth in the Morel series]. MS. Par. 3000. 
 
 A^. Augustayiits ijrimus, formerly at Augsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), 
 now in the Eoyal Library at Munich (No. 485), on thick parchment, paene 
 quadratus. Beiske made it the basis of his edition, and assigned it to 
 century X. or XI. : Dindorf says XL, the Zurich editors XII. The prin- 
 cipal MS. of the third or most widely-diffused grouiJ : see k and s. 
 
 B. Bai-aricus, at Munich (No. 85), on cotton paper (bombycinus), 
 forma maxima; century XIII. Shares with F the primacy of the second 
 class. 
 
 7p. A contraction for ypdcperai, the note of various readings. 
 
 Of the above mss., t, /S"" and e™ contain the Androtion but not the 
 Timocrates. 
 
 As a general rule, only those various readings are noticed which have 
 found favour with one of the four editors whose texts are collated. But 
 in one or two instances attention has been called to neglected readings : 
 and the mistakes and eccentricities of 2 have been freely exposed as a 
 warning against excessive deference to its authority.
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 TO 
 
 Or. XXII. 
 KATA ANAPOTinNOS. 
 
 The speech against Androtion, B.C. 355, marks a distinct 
 stage both in the outward career and the intellectual growth 
 of the orator, as his earliest forensic speech^ in a public 
 caused and the first in which he shows the full maturity of 
 his powers. It precedes by a year his first recorded ap- 
 pearance as an adviser of the people in a strictly political 
 liarangue^, the speech Trepl twv crv/x/xopKav (b.c. 354). But we 
 see already the transition from the private practice of the 
 A.oyoypa(^os to the public status of the prjrwp or politician. The 
 ypacf>rj Trapavofjiwv Or indictment for an unconstitutional pro- 
 posal foiined a meeting-point between law and politics ; the 
 elastic state of the law favoured the decision of legal questions 
 on party grounds; and, as at various periods of English 
 history, political differences found their natural arena in the 
 law-courts. 
 
 Into this arena Demosthenes now descended as a trained 
 combatant. According to the mo.st probable date of his birth 
 
 ' X670S 5tKayiK6s. '■' Sriixbaio^. ' ffvfj.pov\€VTtK6i. 
 
 VV. D. c
 
 xxii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 he would now be just twenty-nine years of age'. His entrance 
 into public life (marked by A. Schaefer and Blass as the 
 second period of his career) coincides Avith the disastrous close 
 of the Social War. The revived naval supremacy had been 
 again lost; the orators of the peace party were discredited; 
 and Dfemosthenes came forward as the advocate of an imperial 
 policy. His position was already apart from that of all the 
 rest'. Eubulus the leading orator of this party, and Phocion 
 who lent it respectability^, had their opponents among the 
 other orators : and Demosthenes was ready to avail himself of 
 help from any quarter against the predominant majority. But 
 his quarrel was with the entire system, not merely with indi- 
 vidual politicians; all were alike responsible for the abuses of 
 the Theoric fund^, for the fatal stimulus given to the pleasure- 
 loving, home-keeping instincts of the Athenian people, and to 
 their dislike of personal service; all alike, in his view, fattened 
 on the public plunder \ Demosthenes had to educate, not his 
 party, but his countrymen. Hence his repeated allusions to 
 the glories of the past; to the days when "the public service 
 was the only holiday"" to the Athenians whose degenerate 
 descendants would now neither fight themselves nor pay others 
 
 1 His birth is fixed with tolerable certainty at b.c. 384, i.e. either in 
 the last months of 01. 98, 4, the archonship of Dexitheus, or the first of 
 01. 99, 1, the archonship of Diotrephes. The Androtionea belongs to the 
 early part of 01. 106, 2, the archonship of Callistratus (not the orator, 
 see § 66 n.), i.e. July or August 355. Androtion's motion to crown the 
 senate was at the close of the old year, the trial at the beginning of the 
 new. It is important to remember that the Athenian year began at the 
 first new moon after the summer solstice, or, speaking roughly, about 
 
 July. 
 
 2 § .37 n. 
 
 a Grote, ch. 87, vih. 32. 
 * Timocr. § 134. 
 
 5 Androt. §§ 65—68. 
 
 6 Thucyd. I. 70, § 9, ix-ryrt kopry]v dXKo ti rjyelcrdai ^^ to to. deovra 
 irpa^ai.
 
 IXTRODUCTIOX. xxiii 
 
 to fight for them '. He does not, like many opposition speakers, 
 confine himself to negative criticism. In this speech, and in 
 others of the same group "against bad legislation," the Leptines, 
 the Timocrates, he is the exponent of a formed policy. "Even 
 when he is writing for others, himself remaining behind the 
 scenes, the voice is still that of Demosthenes. His strong 
 personality, his sincerity of conviction, breaks through 
 dramatic disguises ^" 
 
 Androtion, the defendant on this occasion, had been a 
 prominent politician for thirty years^. That he must have 
 been advanced in life is clear not merely from this circum- 
 stance, but from what we ai'e told of his associates Glauketes 
 and Melanopus'' and of his father Andron. The latter is 
 certainly to be identified with the Andron, son of Androtion, 
 who is named among the aocfiol assembled in the house of 
 Callias, Plat. Protag. 315 c (comp. Gorg. 487 b), and who must 
 have been already a grown man at the breaking-out of the 
 Peloponnesian war*. The political example set by Andron to 
 his son was not edifying. Having himself taken part in the 
 government of the Four Hundred, B.C. ill, he came forward 
 as the accuser of Antiphon and Archeptolemus, who were 
 made scapegoats for the rest, and actually moved the decree 
 by which they were executed as traitors'^. According to 
 Demosthenes, he was imprisoned for debts to the State and 
 passed TroXXas TrcvreTT^pt'Sas in prison"; he broke his prison, 
 not returning when let out on parole for a festival"; and, 
 
 1 §§ 12—16, 76—78. 
 
 - Prof. Butcher, p. 31. 
 
 3 § 66. •» T. § 125 ff. 
 
 » " The Protagoras points to the 87th Olympiad, n.c. 432—429 : " 
 Prof. Brandis, quoted in my note on Protag. 327 d. 
 
 * Vit. X. Orat. p. 833 e. Harpocrat. s. v. 'XvSpwv. 
 
 " T. § 125, where see note on the qualification with which this state- 
 ment must be accepted. 
 
 8 A. §§ 56, 68. 
 
 c2
 
 xxiv INTRODUCTION. 
 
 havinif failed to discharge liis obligations at his death, left an 
 inheritance of Atimia to his son, from which Androtion had 
 never purged himself. But this charge, as well as another 
 presently to be noticed, is supported by no evidence: it is 
 even ridiculous to see Demosthenes attempting to throw the 
 burden of proof upon the defendant". 
 
 Androtion had been trained in the school of Isocrates, 
 and became an accomplished public speaker^. Demosthenes 
 himself, though he adopts a sneering tone, is a witness to his 
 oratorical ability*. He took an active part in matters of 
 finance, and acquired the confidence of the people, though in 
 his case the arts of the demagogue appear to have been 
 combined with no small amount of the personal insolence of a 
 born oligarch. In the bad times of the Social War he brought 
 forward a scheme of his own for x-eplenishing the exhausted 
 treasury^: he induced the people to appoint an extraordinary 
 commission of ten members, none of them regular officers of 
 tlie revenue, to collect all outstanding arrears of the property- 
 taxes {ela-cf)opai) voted since the archonship of Nausinicus 
 (B.C. 378—7)*^. He put himself at the head of this commission, 
 Timocrates being his most active subordinate: and the pro- 
 ceedings of this pair of worthies furnish several lively passages 
 common to the two speeches'. Their extraordinary powers 
 lasted for a year; the services of other authorities were placed 
 
 1 A. §§ 33, 34. 2 § 34. 
 
 ^ Suidas s. v. : 'AvSporiuv "Avhpwvos 'Adr]vdios, priroip koI drj/xayuyds, 
 fiadTjTrjs 'IcroKpcLTovs : a scholium on § 4 of the speech ^cti yap ouros riDf 
 'IcroKpoLTovs fxadrjTwv 67riVi?;Uos : Zosimus in his life of Isocrates, p. 257 ed. 
 Westerm. : and several passages of the rhetorician Hermogenes, all 
 quoted by A. Schaefer i. 316 n. and Westermann ap. Pauly. 
 
 ■* A. § 4, ^aTL yap, c5 dv8pes 'A6r]valoi, Tex'''T7;s roO XiyeLv, Kal iravTa rbv 
 ^lov ecrxoXa/cei' ivl tovtuj, compared with T. § 158. 
 
 •' 5td. rbv Kaipbv 6s rjv t6t€, § 49 n. 
 
 ® A. Schaefer i. 317 makes them the arrears of Nausinicus' year only : 
 the reasons for preferring Grote's view are given in the note on § 44. 
 
 7 A. §§ 47 ff. T. §§ 160 ff.
 
 IXTRODUCTION. xxv 
 
 at their disposal, so that the Eleven imprisoned at their 
 bidding, the Apodectae exacted payment, and tlie public slaves 
 kept the accounts'. Of fourteen talents of property -tax in 
 arrear, seven were recovered (A. § 44), or only five according 
 to the later version (T. § 162); and this at the cost of an 
 enormous amount of friction and unpopularity". Androtion, 
 however, retained his influence with the people, tolerant as 
 usual of irregularities and even of oppression when the 
 interests of an empty exchequer were at stake; and not long 
 afterwards, being probably ra/iitas -riys deov or one of the 
 treasurers of the Acropolis and all its contents, he procured a 
 decree which gave him extraordinary powers for dealing with 
 the sacred treasures. The o-re^avot, golden crowns presented 
 to Athens by grateful allies, and now hanging in the Acropolis, 
 were then thrown into the melting-pot, on the plea that they 
 were "coming to pieces^," and recast as (fudXai or paterae: the 
 whole operation was left in Androtion's hands, without check 
 or audit of accounts^. We next find Androtion as a (SovXevr^s 
 or member of the Senate of Five Hundred; and it was in this 
 capacity that he proposed the complimentary vote to the 
 Senate which gave rise to the present prosecution. 
 
 At the close of the Athenian year it was usual for the 
 people to vote an honorary crown to the outgoing senators 
 as an acknowledgement that they had discharged the duties of 
 their office honourably and efficiently \ The "crown" must 
 have been of altogether insignificant value, apart from the 
 fact that there were 500 claimants: but, like a modern "vote 
 of thanks," it was taken as a matter of course, and the 
 omission of it would be a marked slight. This year, however, 
 
 ' TOf Sr]fj.6<noi' irapi'ivai irpoaiypaiptv, A. § 70, which explains toi''5 
 vTTTjp^ras, T. Ji lfi2. 
 ■■' A. 8§ 50—04. 
 
 ' TO. (pi'Wa dwoppuv, § (V.) and note. 
 
 ■• avrbi priTwp xpv<Toxioi rapiia^ a.vTiypa<pev! 7^70i'f«', A. § 70 and n. 
 * Ka\Cis ^ofXe iVoi, § 12.
 
 xxvi INTRODUCTION. 
 
 01. 106, 1, B.C. 356-5, the senate was accused of having neg- 
 lected an important duty. It was requii^ed every year to build a 
 certain number of new triremes ' ; and if it failed to do so it 
 was forbidden by a special law to ask for the customary 
 annual compliment. The proper number had not been built 
 this year: and the excuse alleged was, that the treasurer of 
 ship-builders (d ra/xta? twv rptr/poTrotwv) had run away with 
 two and a half talents of the public money". This, it was 
 argued, was a misfortune^ for which it would be cruel to put 
 a stigma upon 500 honest citizens. Androtion accordingly 
 moved a decree in their favour, awarding them a crown as 
 usual and saying nothing of the unbuilt triremes. The motion 
 was carried in spite of the opposition of Meidias and others^; 
 and Androtion was then indicted for an illegal proposal 
 {Trapavofjiwv) by Euctemon and Diodorus, two men who had 
 private injuries to revenge. Euctemon, apparently the older 
 of the two, had spoken first: and Demosthenes wrote the 
 present speech for Diodorus, who "followed on the same side." 
 The "counts of the indictment," as they would now be called, 
 were four in number: (1) that the requisite number of ships 
 had not been built: (2) that Androtion's proposal was not 
 approved beforehand by the senate^: (3) that he had led an 
 
 1 Twenty according to Diod. xi. 43 ; Beuseler, Einl. p. 9. 
 
 - On the question of the senate's responsibility for this ofiBicer, see 
 § 17 n. It is iisually assumed that no ships at all had been built : but 
 the sum named (about £600) is clearly only a fraction of what the Athe- 
 nians must have been spending upon their navy during a time of war, 
 and quite inadequate to provide even the rough hulls of 20 triremes. If 
 the number fell short by five or six or even less, it is quite in keeping 
 with the tone of the prosecution, which throughout insists on the strict 
 letter of the law, to argue that the law had not been complied with, and 
 suppress all details. The words of § 8 /^t? Troi7)<yafxevri ry ^ouXg rds rpiripeis 
 (cf. §§ 10, 17), may easily bear that meaning, the article expressing the 
 fuU, well-known, or legal number, like ai d7ra7W7at, T. § 113 n. 
 
 ^ d.T6x'IP-''-i § 17. '' § 10. 
 
 ^ By a Trpo^ov\ev/J.a.
 
 INTRODUCTION. xxvii 
 
 infamous life, which subjected him to the penalty of Atimia 
 or disfranchisement: (4) that he was again disqualihed, as 
 ha\dng neglected to pay the debt due from his father to the 
 State at his decease. Xo evidence is brought forward on 
 either of the latter charges; both were probably unfounded; 
 and Androtion might well complain that such points were 
 raised against him indirectly, instead of being made the 
 subject of regular indictments. Demosthenes' attempt to 
 meet this answer beforehand is, like some of his arguments in 
 the Timocratea, absurdly sophistical'; and may have con- 
 tributed to the adverse verdict. 
 
 The form of the speech is determined by its character 
 as a hevT^poXoyia, or subsidiary to the main accusation. There 
 is no complete statement of the case for the prosecution ; that 
 has been already made by Euctemon, and "the second speaker 
 assumes the right to a freer handling." Without any regular 
 proem Diodorus begins with an explanation of his motive in 
 coming forward as a prosecutor: he has as great or even 
 greater personal wrongs to avenge than Euctemon (§§ 1 — 3)". 
 All that is known of Androtion should prepare the jury for a 
 quibbling and sophistical defence (§ 4). The speaker then 
 goes on to anticipate the arguments which the defendant will 
 probably have recourse to. He will maintain, it is alleged, 
 that in this instance the Probouleuma was not required either 
 (1 ) by law, because the case is exceptional, or (2) by precedent, 
 because the preliminary vote has not been enforced in practice. 
 To this it is replied, that (1) there are no exceptions to the 
 legal inile, and (2) that it is time that bad precedents should 
 give way to the letter of the law (§§ 5 — 7). There can be no 
 doubt that the practice had been as Androtion alleged: and 
 there is great disingenuousness in the way in which the con- 
 
 1 On (3) §§ 28, 20 : on (4) § 34. 
 
 ' This is in order to anticipate a charge of avKo<f>avTia : see § 3, note 
 on afivvto'dai.
 
 xxviii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 trary is suggested'. A third excuse will be, that the senate 
 did not ask for their reward, but the people decreed it to 
 them unasked. In answer to this it is urged that putting the 
 question to the vote by the Proedri and Epistates, i.e. by men 
 who were necessarily members of the senate, was in itself an 
 act of asking; and further, that the unofficial members had 
 gone about canvassing for votes and complaining of the 
 hardship of depriving them of the usual compliment (§§ 8 — 11). 
 He next insists on the paramount impoi'tance of naval 
 supremacy to Athens, as a reason why the senate should be 
 held to the letter of its duties in the matter of the triremes 
 (§§ 12 — 16). If it is alleged that the frauds of the treasurer 
 could not fairly be visited upon the senate, the answer is, that 
 the public interest requires that no excuses, good or bad, be 
 admitted" : and further, that in this case the senate really was 
 responsible for the acts of its own subordinate (§§ 17 — 20). 
 
 Next follows the question as to the defendant's immoral 
 life. He may urge in reply that the question ought to have 
 been raised directly by way of impeachment, with the usual 
 securities against malicious prosecution, and not by innuendo 
 as a mere collateral issue. The rejoinder to this is, as has 
 already been noticed, one of the weak points of the speech 
 (§§ 21 — 24). In other matters the Athenian law allows the 
 prosecution a wide choice as to modes of procedure. It is 
 for the accused to ])rove his innocence, not to dictate the 
 particular remedy to be set in motion against him (§§ 25 — 29). 
 The ground of the law of Hetairesis is next explained: men 
 of infamous life cannot be well affected to democracy, and 
 must attempt either to corrupt or to deceive the people (§§ 30 
 — 32). With regard to the other disqualihcation of Atimia 
 
 1 iyw 5' ol/J.ai iJiiv ov-xj. X^yeiv aiirbv oKrjdetav (1. dX-qdrj), fiaXKov 8^ olda 
 aa<pCis, § 6. 
 
 2 We are reminded of Wellington's saying, that " those who are good 
 at excuses are seldom good for anything else."
 
 IXTRODUCTION. xxix 
 
 inherited from his father, the burdeji of "proof rests with 
 Androtion, that his father did not die in debt to the state (§§ 33, 
 34). The feelings of the senators ought to count for nothing 
 when the public interest is concerned. They have themselves 
 to thank for it, if by abdicating their own functions and 
 submitting to be raled by professional speakers they have 
 incurred a formal censure: in fact so splendid an opportunity 
 of getting rid of "the orators" ought not to be missed, and is 
 alone enough to justify a conviction (§§ 35 — 39). 
 
 The speaker now passes from what Androtion may be 
 expected to say to what others may urge on his behalf. That 
 he will be defended by men who are either members of the 
 censured body or responsible for the loss by embezzlement is a 
 matter of course: but neither they nor the "respectable"' 
 Archias are disinterested on this occasion (§§ 38 — 41). By a 
 somewhat abrupt transition, he then returns once more to a 
 last argument of Androtion's : that, by undei'taking to collect 
 the arrears, he had voluntarily incurred unpopularity for the 
 good of the public (§§ 42—46). The tirst part of the speech, 
 mainly occupied, as we have seen, with conjectures as to the 
 proVjable line of the defence, here comes to an end. 
 
 The orator now announces his intention of passing in 
 review the whole of Androtion's political career, and begins 
 with a vigorous invective against his conduct in the much 
 vaunted collection of the arrears of property-tax". The point 
 is first argued with reference to the case of Euctemon (§§ 47 — 
 50), then more generally; and Androtion's conduct is compared 
 to that of the Thirty (JJ§ 51 — 55). Instances of his outrageous 
 behaviour are quoted (>j^ 56 — 58); the amount of offence given 
 is contrasted with the paltriness of the results, and shown, by 
 
 ' liTitiKy)%, § 40 n. 
 
 - i<f> w fxiyiarov ({ipovu, ttjv tuiv x(irrifj.ciTu}v e{(nrpa^tv, § 47. Tliis second 
 part of the wpeech is repeated almoHt exactly in t}ie Timocrfitea, §§ lOO — 
 ln6, and its presence there forms one of the critical ilifficulties of that 
 speech : see the next Introduction.
 
 XXX INTRODUCTION. 
 
 the example of Satyrus, not to be inseparable from the dis- 
 charge of these unpopular duties (§§ 59 — -64). So far from 
 being a patriot and reformer, lie has been, during his thirty 
 years of public life, identified with the existing system and all 
 its abuses (§§ 65 — 68). The concluding paragraph (§§ 69 — 78) 
 deals with an exploit of Androtion's which he claimed as one 
 of his services to tlie state, his melting down of the votive 
 golden crowns and recasting them as jDaterae or bowls ; this is 
 shown up in its true colours as an act of gross fraud, from the 
 want of proper supervision in carrying it out, and of extreme 
 bad taste, since the treasures were nothing in themselves, 
 everything in the associations connected with them. This last 
 thought leads up to a short pei'oration of singular beauty and 
 force, in which it is urged that Athens has always preferred 
 glory to gold, though Androtion is ignorant of the fact ; and 
 that the handling of sacred things by a man who has led such 
 a life as his is in itself an outrage against the traditions of 
 old Athenian piety (§§ 76 — 78). 
 
 The Androtionea in a moderate compass aflfords a good 
 specimen of the varied excellences of the orator ; and it is 
 further interesting as the earliest work of his maturity. It 
 exhibits in large measure the " rhetoric fused with logic in the 
 white heat of passion " to which later critics gave the name of 
 ScivoVr/s, and which they regarded as characteristic of Demo- 
 sthenes beyond all other speakers. It has likewise a full share 
 of his faults, which are those of Greek oratory in general, 
 unfairness in argument and virulence in abuse. In scurrility, 
 indeed, this speech and the Timocratea are left far behind by 
 the two great speeches against Aeschines. Demosthenes did 
 not, unfortunately, acquire self-respect on this point, or what 
 would now be called the feelings of a gentleman, as he grew 
 older ; though his later speeches seem to show a growth in 
 that intellectual self-respect which restrains a man from utter- 
 ing the most transparent nonsense for an immediate object'. 
 1 See note pp. 155-G, and T. § 80 n.. § S8 n.
 
 INTRODUCTION. xxxi 
 
 The least attractive feature in the present speech is the per- 
 petual straining of unfair points against the accused. Andro- 
 tion was no doubt a corrupt and greedy politician, and his 
 acquittal may have proved nothing more than that his influence 
 with the people was undiminished, that the clique of profes- 
 sional orators' stood hy one of their own order, and that the 
 friends of the outgoing senators mustered strong upon the 
 jury. But, more probably, he was acquitted on the merits of 
 his case. The principal charge, that relating to the ships, 
 was, as has been shown, most likely exaggerated ; the senate's 
 previous consent to a vote of compliment to itself was a mere 
 matter of form, and in practice had almost certainly been 
 omitted ; while the two charges, one of them of a peculiarly 
 odious nature, on which it was sought to prove Androtion 
 disqualified from speaking in public, would have been relevant 
 only if backed up by legal decisions. In these last, and in 
 the equally irrelevant abuse which forms the staple of the 
 speech from § 47 onward, we may well believe that the orator 
 overshot his mark. 
 
 It would, however, be a great mistake to see in Demo- 
 sthenes only the hired speech-writer, the unsuccessful abettor 
 of Diodorus' schemes of private vengeance, the unscrupulous 
 verdict-f'etter "abusing; the other side" in the consciousness of 
 a Vjad case. The politician is here inseparable from the advo- 
 cate ; and politics have not yet ceased to be a war in which 
 almost everything is accounted fair that promises to damage 
 the enemy. A strongly intrenched system of abuses has to be 
 assailed ; threatened interests are banded together for mutual 
 support. Demosthenes is already a refoi'mer aiming at definite 
 objects, with a definite ideal before him of what Athens ought to 
 1)6. In striking at Androtion he is striking at " the system : " 
 and he does not scruple to use for his purposes the aid of 
 oV)jectionable people who liappeneil for the moment to share
 
 xxxii INTROD UC TION. 
 
 his likes and dislikes ; to screen himself behind vindictive 
 prosecutors like Diodorus and (as it would seem on at least 
 one occasion) Apollodorus the son of Pasion' ; and to play on 
 the weaknesses of Athenian juries. 
 
 This commingling of legal and political issues was greatly 
 assisted by the fact that, while every full Athenian citizen 
 was a legislator, an immense proportion of the whole number 
 were also Dicasts, i.e. jurymen and something more, deter- 
 mining questions of law as well as of fact". It was, therefore, 
 an everyday occurrence for an Athenian to combine in his 
 own person the functions of a member of Parliament, a judge 
 and a juror. The extreme elasticity (already hinted at) of the 
 ypacprj Trapavd/Acuv was the expression of this fact. Whatever 
 displeased him, a component unit in the Sovereign Demos, in 
 any of his three capacities, might be brought under the provi- 
 sions of this law. As a legislator he expected to be relieved 
 from the consequences of his own hasty acts : if on reflection 
 lie discovered that he had been led astray, the proposer of the 
 law must be punished. Demos himself was irresponsil^le. As 
 an interpreter of the law, he required it to be intelligible to 
 plain men ; to be without ambiguities or contradictions. To 
 guard against repugnant laws, it was not enough to repeal the 
 old law by an enacting clause inserted in the new : the ground 
 must first be cleared by the total repeal of the former, a pro- 
 
 1 The evidence for the genuineness of the First Speech against 
 Stephanus is too strong to be resisted : and by far the most probable 
 explanation of Demosthenes' conduct in turning against Phormio, a 
 client whom he had formerly defended, and exposing himself to the taunt 
 of Aeschines (de F. L. § 165) is that which ascribes it to a strong political 
 motive (Blass, p. 32, who is followed by Sandys, Introd. to Select Private 
 Orations, pt. ii. p. xlv, and by Mahaffy, Gr. Lit. ii. 337). 
 
 - It is not certain whether any system of rotation was combined with 
 the K\rjpos or lot, so as to make every citizen a dicast in his turn : if it 
 were so, the turn would come about once in three years, allowing for the 
 many public officers who were ineligible, and for other causes of exclu- 
 sion. On the number of Athenian citizens, see A. § 35 n.
 
 IXTRODUCTION. xxxiii 
 
 ceeding which no doubt made it easier for legislators, acting 
 without the guidance of trained lawyers, to judge of proposed 
 amendments in the law. Lastly, as a dicast he gave his verdict 
 on the proposer of a law, and thus implicitly on the law itself, 
 for which in another capacity lie might himself have voted. 
 We have not yet exhausted the curious aspects of the ypa^j; 
 ■irapav6ix(iiv\ Like other despotic sovereigns, the Athenian 
 people claimed a "dispensing power" of overriding the law 
 upon occasion : and their advisers, the professional statesmen 
 or orators, were as such the "keepers of tlie royal conscience," 
 and liable to severe punishment if their master's conscience 
 subsequently reproached him with what he had done at their 
 bidding. Thus the Athenians no sooner repented of their 
 judicial murder of the six generals after Arginusae, than they 
 directed a prosecution of those who had advised it-. From 
 another point of view, the sovereignty of Demos was so far 
 constitutional that his ministers were liable to be turned out 
 by a " vote of want of confidence." The dominant clique of 
 orators might be discredited if one of their laws were over- 
 thrown ; still more, if one of their number were punished ; 
 and the capital sentence was usually demanded I Thus attacks 
 ostensibly directed against measures were really aimed at men ; 
 the dicastery with its immense numbers was swayed l)y the 
 passions of the assembly ; and verdicts were openly demanded 
 upon political grounds. No law was beyond the reach of this 
 mode of indictment. However carefully all constitutional 
 forms had been observed, it might be assailed on the vague 
 charge of "inexpediency*;" though after the time limit* of a 
 year the author of the law could not be punished. The ypa4>r/ 
 
 ' On the ypa(f>r] irapav6/xuv as having taken the place of ostracism 
 (disused after 417 n.c), see Prof. Mahnffy in Hermathena, vii. 86 fif. 
 
 ^ i\pr)(pi(javTo...Trpofio\a^ avrCiv dvai, Xen. Hellen. i. vii. 35. 
 
 ' Sucli phrases as rpis oi'x ana.^ nOvavai a^ios occur with unpleasant 
 frequency in these two speeches. 
 
 * firi iirirriSeiov, T. § 38. '"' irpodarula, sc. ■i}ij.ipa..
 
 xxxiv INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Trapavo/xwv lay, therefore, not merely against unconstitutional 
 but against bad legislation in general ; and any law might be 
 pronounced " bad " against which a majority, however small, 
 could be obtained in a court where the last thing expected of 
 the jurors was to leave their politics behind them'. The 
 motives of Demosthenes in undertaking these prosecutions 
 thus stand in a clear light". 
 
 The speech against Androtion has provoked none of the 
 destructive criticism which plays so lai'ge a part in Demosthenic 
 literature. Neither its genuineness, nor, with quite insignifi- 
 cant exceptions, its substantial integrity, have ever been dis- 
 puted. The only doubtful passages are in § 20, where the 
 suspicion that some words have dropt out is as old as Harpo- 
 cration, but the lacuna need not be, as Cobet thinks, an 
 extensive one ; in § 67, where there is a probable interpolation 
 (but only of a few words) from the parallel passage in the 
 Timocratea ; and in § 74, where an entire section has almost 
 certainly been interpolated from the same source^. 
 
 1 We thus get the point of Aristophon's boast (see T. § 11 u.) that he 
 had been impeached wapavd/xuv 75 times and invariably acquitted. He 
 neither gloried in breaking the law with impunity, nor denounced the 
 prosecutions as uniformly frivolous and vexatious ; his meaning is, that 
 he had always been on the winning side in politics. 
 
 - It is in such passages as the following that we see most clearly the 
 real Demosthenes behind the mask of advocacy, and already in marked 
 opposition to the other orators : A. § 37, el Se yev-qcreTai tovto Kai tuv 
 i]da.Bwv Kol avvecTTTjKdTUiv p-qrbpuv dTraWayrjaecrde, oipeade, w auSpes 'Adrjvaioi, 
 navd^ a wpoariKeL yiyvofieva, ui(TT^ el fx-qhevhs dWov eveKa, dia ravra Karaip-q- 
 (pKXTiov. T. § 123, " X^Lov Toivhv Koi TovT^ elwelv, ocrov ii/xeis 5La<pipeTe, c3 
 dvdpes diKctaTai, /j.eya\o(ppocnjvr) tQv prjrdpup . . .a,nd so on to the end of § 124. 
 Again, in T. § 157 it is argued that many public men {-rroWol rCiv TroXt- 
 revoiJiivuv) will stand by Timocrates, not for his sake but for their own. 
 
 3 See the notes on each passage.
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 TO 
 
 Or. XXIV. 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 This speech is so closely connected wdth the preceding, that 
 there is room for some surprise at the traditional arrangement 
 by which the two are separated in our copies'. We take up 
 the history of Androtion at the point where the previous speech 
 leaves it. It must have been within a few weeks of his ac- 
 quittal, some time, therefore, in the autumn of 355, that 
 Androtion, Melanopus, and Glauketes were sent as ambas- 
 sadors to Mausolus, prince of Caria^. The occasion of the 
 embassy, if we may trust a statement of the Scholiast which 
 probably rests on ancient tradition, was to complain of the 
 intrigues by which Mausolus was endeavouring, in the interest 
 of the Persian king, to overthrow the democi-atic governments 
 in the islands of Chios, Cos, and Rhodes, so recently at war 
 with Athens'*. The envoys were despatched on board a tri- 
 
 ^ Libanius begins his argument with the words At65wpos nif Kavravda 
 6 Karrf/opoi, as if no Aristocratea had come between. 
 
 » On the exact date see note T. § 12. 
 
 •■' Die Nachricht, weiin auch etwas getriibt, scheint auf alter Ueber- 
 lieferung zu beruhen. A. Schaefer I. c. The words of the scholium are 
 KaTaoov\ui(Taff0ai. avri^ (t(/? ^aaiKd) rds 7' ToiVas v-qaovi : this would be by 
 substituting oligarchies relying on foreign support for the popular 
 governments.
 
 xxxvi INTRODUCTION. 
 
 reme commanded by Archebius and Lysitheides'. On their 
 way they fell in with a merchant vessel from Naucratis in 
 Egypt, and took her to Athens as a prize for adjudication. 
 Egypt was now, as it had been for many years, in a state of 
 chronic revolt against Persia': and the Athenians under the 
 stress of the Social War, anxious to maintain friendly relations 
 with the Persian court, had observed a strict neutrality ^ At 
 an earlier period they had been actively helping the insurgents. 
 The Athenians, whose substitute for an admiralty court seems 
 to have been the popular assembly, endorsed this piece of sharp 
 practice by condemning the vessel as lawful prize*; on the 
 technical ground, it would seem, that as friends of the King 
 they were enemies of his rebellious subjects. They might well 
 think the step likely to aid their negotiations with Mausolus 
 and, through him, with Artaxerxes: but apart from this, the 
 state of their exchequer, now at its lowest ebb, supplied an 
 ever-present motive : and the appeal of the owners was disi'e- 
 gai'ded. The proceeds, or at least the greater part of them, 
 should have come into the treasury : but after some considerable 
 time no payment had been made. One of tlie periodical over- 
 haulings of the Athenian finances, by the appointment of a 
 commission of inquiry^, now took place on the motion of the 
 aged orator Aristophon: all persons were invited to give 
 information against those who concealed, or were privy to the 
 concealment of, confiscated property and other state debts. 
 Euctemon, the late unsuccessful prosecutor of Androtion, now 
 denounced Archebius and Lysitheides as not having accounted 
 
 1 On the avvTpiripapxi-a- or joint command in its various forms see 
 Diet. Antiq. s. v. Trierarchia, vol. ii. p. 890. 
 
 - Eeconquered after 60 years of intermittent warfare, b.c. 346-5, 
 Grote viii. 172. 
 
 3 The first words of the Second Argument, Ilo\^/j,ov rvyxavovros 
 'M-qvaioL^ TTpos ^aaiXia, are of no authority. 
 
 ■* See note § 12, dwexei-poToi'rjcrad^ i/fj.eis /xtj (piXia eivai. 
 
 •' ^TTjral, § 11 n.
 
 INTRODUCTION. xxxvii 
 
 for prize-money to the amount of nine and a half talents (about 
 £2300). When the matter came before the people, the three 
 ambassadors had the grace to admit that they, and not the 
 trierarchs, were in possession of the money : but as the latter 
 were legally responsible, it was decreed that payment should 
 be exacted from them, and that a 8taSiKao-ia should decide the 
 question of liability as between them and the ambassadors. 
 This was on the motion of Euctemon, against whom Androtion 
 and his friends immediately brought a ypacftrj irapav6f/.wv but 
 failed to obtain a verdict. Popularity did not count for much 
 when a treasury claim, especially a just one, was at stake: and 
 on this occasion the ring of orators was divided against itself. 
 The elderly defendants were probably men of expensive habits, 
 and they did not find it convenient to produce the nine and a 
 half talents. Their shifts to put off the evil day were at length 
 exhausted. In the summer of B.C. 353, after retaining the 
 balance for nearly two years, they had only the alternative of 
 immediate payment or of being adjudged defaulters \ 
 
 Timocrates, the present defendant, now interposed on their 
 behalf with the law against which tlie prosecution is directed. 
 Several persons of this name are mentioned by Demosthenes. 
 The one now befure us is doubtless different from the archon 
 of 01. 104, 1, B.C. 364 — 3, the year of Demosthenes' suit 
 against his guardians": but it has heen proposed to identify 
 him with the Timocrates who appears as a witness for Boeotus 
 in the second speech (the Dowry), and who is mentioned as 
 of the same age with Boeotus himself '\ Timocrates was a man 
 
 ' § 26 n. : Blas.s, p. 244. Their 6(p€i\r)na or simple indebtedness 
 would be converted into an 6<p\-r)fj.a or "judgment debt." 
 
 - The archon is perhaps the same man with the first husband of 
 Onetor's sister, who afterwards married Aphobus: i. Onet. passim. 
 
 3 Boeot. de Dot. p. 1017, § 28, p. 1026, § o!i. A. Schaefer, to whom 
 this remark is duo, adds very justly that Timocrates must have been 
 somewhat older than lloeotus (in. 2, App. p. 2ly). The latter was still 
 a young man at the date of the first speech against him, about 350. 
 
 W. D. d
 
 xxxviii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 of mature years and a practised politician, who had often 
 before drawn decrees for hire'; but he had still a father 
 living, and was clearly much younger than Androtion^ He 
 was also without Androtion's influence : he had been asso- 
 ciated with him in his exaction of arrears^ and in the melting 
 of the crowns^, but in both capacities as a subordinate rather 
 than as a colleague on equal footing. His public morality 
 seems to have been such as to fit him for the part of jackal to 
 Androtion*: what is said against his private character*', as 
 against his master's, may well have been gossip unsupported 
 by evidence. Dirt-flinging came as natural to Demosthenes 
 as it did to Greek orators in general. 
 
 The decree of Timocrates provided that if any state debtor 
 had been sentenced by a court, in pursuance of any law or 
 decree, to imprisonment in addition to making good the debt, 
 it should be lawful for himself or any one else on his behalf to 
 give bail for the specified amount": that he should be allowed 
 till the ninth prytany, the last but one of the year, to dis- 
 charge the debt : that if it were still owing, he should be 
 imprisoned and the property of his sureties confiscated ^ In 
 the first assembly of the new year, on the 11th of Hecatom- 
 baeon, he got a confederate named Epicrates to propose that a 
 jury of Nomothetae should be summoned for the next day, 
 under the pretext that sufficient funds had not been voted for 
 
 ■* § 66, TraXat -yap fiiffdov Kal yp6xf><i)v Kal vofiovs dccpipoov unrrai. 
 
 2 T. § 200 : A. 66 compared with T. 173. 
 
 3 T. § 166. ^ T. § 182. 
 
 5 Trpoaayuiyeiis, § 161. 6 §§ 200—203. 
 
 '' It is argued in § 82 that these expressions, t6 yeypap.fj.evov and 5 
 w(p\e, were designed to deprive the treasury of forfeitures for overdue 
 payments. 
 
 8 In the explanation of evarT] Trpuraveia § 15 u. I have since found 
 that I was anticipated by Benseler ; an der neunten Prytanie d. i. der 
 vorletzten des Jahres, Einl. p. 76. The older commentators take no 
 notice of the point.
 
 INTRODUCTIOX. xxxix 
 
 the celebration of the Panathenaea with due splendour : and 
 on the 12th the bill was smuggled through notwithstanding a 
 public holiday for the feast of the Kronia, and in defiance, as 
 the prosecution contend, of many other provisions against 
 hasty legislation. The defendants would thus have secured 
 nearly another yeai-'s delay ; but the law was immediately 
 impeached by Diodorus and Euctemon, who on this occasion 
 changed places, Diodorus making the tirst or main speech and 
 again having recourse to Demosthenes to write it for him. 
 The trial came on, according to A. Schaefer and Blass, about 
 the beginning of 352, or within six months of the law of 
 Timocrates against which the attack is directed ^ 
 
 Like the former speech, the Timocratea has been reckoned 
 as a masterpiece both by ancient and modern critics. The 
 rhetor Theon' in particular notes it as a perfect model of the 
 way in which a bad law should be attacked. But, however 
 masterly as a forensic argument, it does not show to the 
 greatest advantage as a work of literary art. We miss some- 
 thing both of the orderly arrangement and the finished work- 
 manship of the Androtionea. The orator has now a much 
 better case than before; but, on the other hand, as chief 
 accuser he is responsible for proving the whole case; he can 
 no longer, as in the SeurcpoXoyia, select a few points here and 
 there for simple and effective treatment. Demosthenes is 
 true to the old-fashioned legal maxim of " admitting nothing " 
 that comes from the other .side. There is neither the reality 
 nor (as in many modern speeches) the affectation of candour; 
 
 ' In the archonship of Eudemus or, more correctly, Thudemus, 
 01. 106, 4. The heading Kara Ti/iOKpirovi (not wpbi T^/xoKparri) and the 
 repeated demands for exemplary punishment show that the person of 
 the defendant is attacked, and not merely his law ; the Trpodeff/xla or time 
 limit of a year had not expired. Hence it is quite impossible that the 
 law can have been proposed at the Greater Panathenaea of 354 : see note 
 on § 20. 
 
 - I'royijmn. j)p. 150, 166 ed. Walz, fiuoted by A. .Schaefer i. .'i IH. 
 
 t/2
 
 xl INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Timocrates is never once right by accident ; his law is noxious 
 from the first syllable to the last'; there is not a single 
 redeeming feature in his private character or in that of the 
 associates for whose benefit he introduced this law. On each 
 of these points the proof is repeated again and again. The 
 intricacy of the speech is a quality which it shares with others 
 of the greater speeches ; and what has been said of these by 
 Prof. MahafFy is equally applicable to the Timocratea : " De- 
 mosthenes' method of treating a large subject at full length 
 was not that of an orderly succession of heads. We see 
 from his imperfect Meidiana, from his perfect sipeeches against 
 Aristocrates and on the Crown, that his aim was to keep the 
 whole subject all the time before his audience, by means of 
 rapid turns, ^ingenious retrogressions and anticipations, and 
 constant recapitulations-." Of itself, therefoi'e, this intricacy 
 would be no proof that Demosthenes had not given his final 
 touches to the work. It is diflerent, however, when we come 
 to the repetition of the long passage from the Androtionea, 
 the only instance of the kind in the entire Demosthenic collec- 
 tion^ It is of course possible that Demosthenes may have 
 used, simply for convenience, material which he had worked 
 up on a previous occasion to a high degree of polish. But of 
 all the explanations which have been suggested to account 
 for his thus repeating himself, the strangest surely is that of 
 Lord Brougham, that the Athenians had so keen an apprecia- 
 tion of brilliant oratory as an intellectual treat, that they 
 liked it all the better on a second hearing*. Most readers 
 will think the passage, as here repeated, too long a digression 
 from the main subject of the speech, the prosecution of Timo- 
 
 ^ §70. 
 
 2 Gr. Lit. II. 327. 
 
 3 II 160—186. For the very different case of the Fourth Philippic, 
 see Mahaffy, p. 323. 
 
 •* Rhetorical and Literary Dissertations and Addresses, Works, vol. vii. 
 p. 192 ff.: quoted by Donaldson, Gr. Lit. i. 186.
 
 INTRODUCTION. xli 
 
 crates; and this, notwithstanding the verbal cleverness with 
 which it has been adapted to its new surroundings \ It is not 
 to be wondered at, therefore, that others besides Benseler have 
 suspected interpolation in this part of the speech. Other con- 
 siderations, indicating a want either of (1) uniformity of style 
 or (2) unity of treatment in diflferent parts of the speech, point 
 to the same conclusion. 
 
 (1) The verbal structure of the Timocratea has been 
 examined with great minuteness by Benseler, first in his 
 tract de hiatu m Demosthenis orationihus (Freiburg 1848), 
 afterwards in the Introduction to his edition (1861). The 
 fifty sections §§ 110 — 159 immediately preceding the extracts 
 from the Androtionea, when tested by Benseler's method, 
 yield some remarkable results. They contain no fewer than 
 100 instances of the sort of hiatus usually avoided by Demo- 
 sthenes, as against 10 in the remainder of the speech". Hence 
 he assumed that these sections could not have been written 
 by Demosthenes : and as he also saw, what can hardly be 
 denied, that the transition in § 187 is exceedingly ill managed, 
 he came to the conclusion that the entire portion comprised 
 between §§ 110 and 186 is a huge interpolation'' made up, first, 
 from another speech for the same prosecution, possibly that of 
 Euctemon, and secondly from that against Androtion with 
 slight alteration. But the best critics, A. Schaefer and Blass, 
 whose conclusions differ from one another only in minor parti- 
 culars, find in the disputed §§ 110 — 159 no evidence of an 
 inferior hand, but merely the rough workmanship of Denio- 
 
 1 His cleverneBS has however failed the adapter, whoever he was, in 
 T. § 175, a flat and obscure substitution for A. § 68 : see the note there. 
 
 - Benseha- says in the remaininf; 140 §§, i.e. §§ 1—100 and Ift?— 218, 
 hut excluding from the computation §§ 160— IBO, mainly taken from the 
 Andrfftionea. 
 
 * Ii)cludin(5 also the first words of § 187 koL irepl fiiv toOtov Kuri, 
 a^o^V"' * 5^ TtfxoKpdTfi ffvvfpii, TToWa Xlynv (tl irpbi rouTois txuv 7roiVo/xat. 
 Tliis sentenc*.' has dillicultiert of its own : see the note.
 
 xlii I NT ROD UC TION. 
 
 sthenes himself ^ As has been remarked in the note on § 187, 
 scarcely any of the matter of the speech, taken section by 
 section, seems unworthy of Demosthenes : and we cannot 
 hesitate to prefer this less sweeping excision to tliat of Ben- 
 seler. It will be observed, however, that both suppositions 
 are equally fatal to the absolute integrity of the speech : i. e. to 
 the notion that the MS. can have been handed over by Demo- 
 sthenes in its present form to Diodorus, the man who was to 
 speak it. And this argument is powerfully reinforced by 
 another consideration than that of style and manner. 
 
 (2) The speech unquestionably begins by assuming that 
 the ambassadors have not paid the money claimed by the 
 State : that the vengeance of Diodorus is to be gratified by 
 compelling Androtion, his old enemy, to disgorge his plunder, 
 as well as by the repeal of Timocrates' law, and, if possible, 
 the punishment of its author. Nothing inconsistent with this 
 assumption is found all through the disputed portions of the 
 speech §§ 110 — 186; the non-payment is distinctly implied in 
 §§ 117 — 118, where the question of imprisonment is argued, 
 not in the abstract, but with reference to the liability of 
 Androtion and his colleagues. But in §§ 187^ — 189 it is 
 admitted by the prosecution that the claim has been satisfied; 
 and from thence to the end all that is said is consistent with 
 this admission. The first half of the speech, §§ 1 — 109, in 
 general points the same way : the arguments of §§ 17—109 
 are not directed to this particular case : but in the introductory 
 §§ 1 — 16 we find conflicting expressions. The non-payment is 
 
 1 It cannot be supposed that either Isocrates or Demosthenes could 
 have brought their published speeches within the rules (very different in 
 the case of the two men, see § 72 n.) which they had respectively laid 
 down for the avoidance of hiatus and unrhythmical combinations of 
 syllables, without an immense amount of elaboration. This polish 
 Isocrates, who had nothing better to do, was always ready to give : 
 Demosthenes, the man of affairs, only occasionally when he prepared a 
 speech for publication.
 
 INTRODUCTION. xliii 
 
 at first clearly presupposed' : but before we get to the end of 
 the short statement of facts in ^§ 11 — 16 the situation is 
 altered". Hence A. Schaefer and Blass have been led to the 
 conclusion that we have here two recensions of the speech ; 
 that when Demosthenes first drafted it the state debt was 
 still unpaid; that before the trial came on he had to rewrite 
 it owdng to the ambassadors having refunded^. The repeti- 
 tions from the Androtion, if inserted by Demosthenes at all (a 
 point discussed further on), thus clearly belonged to the earlier 
 recension only. When the change of plan became necessary, 
 the first sketch, "full of vigorous sallies against Androtion 
 and his colleagues^," may have been complete in substance, 
 but had not yet received the final polishing : the hiatus valde 
 deflendi of §§ 110 — 159 are thus sufiiciently accounted for. 
 The difference of style corresponds exactly with the altered 
 point of view: for it is precisely these sections which carniot 
 have been spoken under the circumstances of the actual trial, 
 
 ' § 2 "iva...iJ.7}...KaTaL6Ci(ri., subjunctive not optative: § 8 ^ovXoifjLriv 5' 
 W...TOVTOV wadilv (Lf a^Los iaTLf, i.e. Androtion, who can be touched in no 
 other way, must be made to pay : § 9 Timocrates ruv Upun/ /x^v xpvi^o-t'^v 
 Toil's Oeovs, Twv hcriwv Se Tr]v ■rr6\iv cnroare pel and so below KadlaTT)(jiv, 
 both verbs in the present (Blass). 
 
 - tQv niv "yap XPW^'''^'' ^P^'-Xf^V" ov KariOrjKap Vfjuv, § 16 : where see 
 note. 
 
 3 Benseler, Einl. p. 82, claims for himself the discovery of a " foreign 
 element " in the speech, and mentions A. Schaefer and Voemel as having 
 followed him. He merely proposed, however, the excision of §§ 110 — 
 18G: the theory of a double recension, which accounts much more satis- 
 factorily for the origin of §§ 110 — 1.19, was first struck out by A. Schaefer, 
 and further proofs supplied by Blass. If we assume, with A. Schaefer, 
 that the prosecution was at first directed quite as much against the 
 ambassadors as against Timocrates himself, the motive of Diodorus in 
 undertaking it is more clearly e.xplained. But when the debt was paid 
 Androtion no longer afforded a mark for the openly proclaimed vengeance 
 of Diodorus. Diodoros, des Demosthenes Schiitzling, konnte nun scinem 
 Hauptfeinde nicht melir lieikommen, A. Schaefer in. 2. 0.5. 
 
 * Voll wirksamer Ausfiille gegeu A. und seine Genossen, Schaefer, I. c.
 
 xliv INTB.ODUCTION. 
 
 after the debt had been discharged. Whether any portion of 
 the speech as finally corrected and delivered has been lost in 
 the process, by which the two recensions of it were fused into 
 that which has come down to us, is not easy to decide. 
 Benseler, thinking only of interpolations by another hand, not 
 of a rewriting by Demosthenes himself, imagines that by 
 simply bracketing §§ 110 — 186 (and § 187 down to the word 
 Trava-ofxat) he has restored the integrity of the speech. And 
 Blass so far agrees with him, that he thinks the second re- 
 cension may have consisted of §§ 1 — 109 and 187 — 218 with 
 not more than a single connecting sentence now lost\ 
 Schaef er merely expresses an opinion that the second recension 
 was shorter than the first, and carefully completed in all its 
 parts. 
 
 It can hardly be supposed that this amalgamation" was 
 the work of Demosthenes himself. Our two great authorities 
 express themselves somewhat difierently, but their conclusions 
 are substantially the same. A. Schaefer is the more exjilicit 
 of the two: "either Diodorus put the speech in circulation in 
 its present form through hatred to. Androtion, or some one 
 else took pains to render it as complete as possible, so that no 
 part of Demosthenes' sketch might be lost" (in. 2. 65). Blass 
 reminds us that there was a SeurcpoXoyi'a to follow, and that 
 thus the replies to objections and the epilogue may not seem 
 too short; and adds that the entire manuscript of Demosthenes 
 was "edited" (he does not hint by whom) in such a way as to 
 give the appearance of unity to the two combined recensions 
 (p. 249). Without venturing to dogmatise, we may further 
 point out that the editorship of Diodorus seems highly pro- 
 bable on more than one ground. That Demosthenes himself 
 
 1 Es geniigte zur Ueberleitung zwischen 109 (110) und 187 ein Satz 
 des Inhalts: ich wundre mich, was er zur Vertheidigung sagen wird. 
 Blass, p. 249. 
 
 - Contaminatio as Terence would have called it.
 
 I NT ROD UC TION. xl v 
 
 should really have employed a second time the passages which 
 had been spoken on the previous trial seems very unlikely ' : 
 and no mere literary collector would liave had sufficient 
 motive for inserting them here. But Diodorus might well 
 wish to give as many people as possible the opportunity of 
 reading invectives so damaging to Androtion; and the two 
 speeches were almost certainly his own property, over which 
 the paid logographer could claim no further control'. 
 
 As the result of the foregoing discussion, the component 
 parts of the Speech may be thus briefly characterised. 
 I. §§ 1 — 109 belong to the second recension: the payment of 
 the money is in general presupposed, though with some 
 inconsistencies (already pointed out) in the first 16 sections, 
 as though the two different proems had been insufficiently 
 welded together^: the diction is polished up to the usual 
 smoothness of Demosthenes in his finished speeches. li. §§110 
 — 159 belong to the first recension. Non-payment is pre- 
 supposed throughout: and the style remains comparatively in 
 the rough, in. §§ 160 — 186, repeated from the Androtionea 
 with slight alterations, either belong to the first recension or 
 (more probably) to neither: the question of finisli does not 
 come in here. iv. .§§ 187 to end belong to the second 
 recension : the payment is once more presupposed and the 
 diction has received its final touches*. 
 
 1 It is only right to mention, as a point the other way, that the 
 parallel section A. 74 = T. 182 seems more in its place in the latter 
 speech : see the note in A. 
 
 2 The probability that speeches in private suits became the property 
 of the client, is noticed both by Prof. Mahaffy Gr. Lit. ii. 30.5, and by 
 Prof. Butcher, Demosth. p. 1.S9 n. 
 
 3 The state of these opening,' §§ furnishes perhaps the strongest 
 reason against attributing the fusion to Demosthenes. The present 
 editor, at least, cannot believe him to have been responsible for such 
 slovenly workmanship. 
 
 * Owing to the complexity and the repetitions of this Speech, it has 
 not been thought necessary to give in this place an analysis of its con-
 
 xlvi INTROD UCTION. 
 
 "What was the result of the prosecution we are not in- 
 formed. We can scarcely conceive, indeed, that it failed 
 altogether, for the arguments of Demosthenes seem conclusive 
 as to the illegality and inexpediency of the law against which 
 they were directed. But as the demands of the State had 
 been previously satisfied by the payment of the prize-money, 
 the original subject in dispute, we may conjecture, as 
 Demosthenes appears to have expected (§218), that Timocrates 
 was not severely punished either in purse or person'." 
 Androtion henceforth drops out of history : the tradition is 
 that he quitted Athens not long afterwards, retired to Megara, 
 and there wrote his historical work, the Atthis, in the en- 
 forced leisure of banishment". This conclusion has been 
 shaken by an inscription discovered within the last few years 
 ('A^T/mtoj', 1877, p. 152 ff: Hicks, Inscrr. p. 189). In the 
 archonship of Themistocles, B.C. 347 — 6, 'AvSporcwv "At/S/jwi'os 
 TapyrJTTto'i appears as the mover of a decree conferring lionours 
 on Spai'tocus and Paerisades, joint kings of Bosporos : it would 
 seem therefore that, whatever happened to Timocrates, 
 Androtion, having cleared his debt to the state, was neither 
 banished nor disfranchised. We also learn incidentally the 
 name of his deme. 
 
 tents, as was done in the Introduction to the companion speech. The 
 reader who desires to follow the tortuous course of the argument is 
 referred to the abstracts prefixed to each paragraph of the commentary : 
 they may be read consecutively in order to get a general view of its 
 drift. 
 
 1 These sentences are borrowed from Mr Whiston's Introduction. In 
 going over the same ground with a still living English editor, I have, I 
 trust, been especially careful in acknowledging every note or remark for 
 which I have been indebted to him. 
 
 2 Welches der Erfolg der Sache war wird nicht tiberliefert; doch 
 verliess A. nicht lange darauf, wie es scheint, Athen und zog sich nach 
 Megara zuriick, wo er, wie Plut. de exil. c. 14, p. 605 C. berichtet, in der 
 Musse der Verbannung sein Geschichtswerk niederschrieb. Westermann 
 ap. Pauly i. ed. 2, s. v. Androtion.
 
 IXTRODUCTIOX. xlvii 
 
 The identity of the historian, with the orator is almost 
 certain'. The 'Ar^ts was an historical or rather "antiquarian 
 and annalistic"" account of Attica from the earliest times. 
 The number of books of which it consisted is uncertain: the 
 twelfth is cited by Harpocration (s.v. 'A^LK^tVoXi?). It is not 
 a little remarkable, as bearing on the question of identity, 
 that the extant quotations from this work just cover the 
 period of Androtion's political career; the latest event noticed 
 is the Biaif/ijcf>LaL<; in the archonship of Archias, 01. 108, 3, 
 B.C. 346—5^. If he died before Chaeroneia he may be pro- 
 nounced ye/za; opportunitate mortis. 
 
 ^ For it are A. Schaefer i. 351, who replies to the objections of 
 C. Miiller and others, the German writers generally (see Schaefer's 
 references), Whiston, and most positively Westermann /. c. Dass der 
 Ge-ichichtschrciher A. von dem Rediier und Staatsmann verschieden sei... 
 ist achicerlich richtig, says the latter. Against it Ruhnken, Diudorf in 
 his introductory notes to the Audrotionea, C. Miiller, Pref. to Fragm. 
 Hist. Grace . i. p. Ixxxiii., and Siebelis, whose argument from style is 
 controverted by Miiller himself. 
 
 - Whiston after Donaldson, Gr. Lit. i. 229. 
 
 ^ Harpocration s. v. oiayprjtpia-Ls: printed by Miiller as fr. 133 of 
 Philochorus. The fragments of the 'Ar^is are in Miiller i. p. 371 — 377. 
 I have read these fragments, and must demur to the inference drawn 
 from two of them by Mr Whiston as to the untrustworthiness of An- 
 drotion as a writer. In Pausan. vi. 7, the words el 5e rbv ovra direv 
 'Afdporiwv \6yoi' must mean "if he is right in this particular instance," 
 and convey no imputation upon his general character. The other case 
 is more palpable. Aelian V. H. viii. 6 says : TaOra 'AvSporluv \^y(i, 
 et Tifi iriOTOj [ynkp rrji aypa/ifiaTias Kal dwaidevcrias Hpq-Kun/ TeK/xrjpiuxrai]. 
 The meaning of course is, "if he is suflicient authority to prove the 
 illiterateness of the Thracians:" Mr Whiston's quotation stops short of 
 the words in brackets. To none would the unqualified phrase tt Tifj 
 TTiffTo^ be more applicable than to Aelian himself. That the Thracians 
 were unable to read and wTite he evidently thought a statement so 
 startling as to require special attestation; im opinion more creditable to 
 the general dififu-sion of "elementary education" in the Graeco-Kuniau 
 world of his time than to his own good sense.
 
 xlviii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 It remains to say a few words as to the view taken, in 
 the Introduction and Notes, of the Athenian character and, 
 in particular, of that of Demosthenes. A close examination 
 of the workings of Athenian law-courts cannot fail to bring 
 into relief some of the weak points of the national character: 
 and when I find Demosthenes descending to arts of which 
 even the less respectable lawyers of the present day would be 
 ashamed, I cannot suppress the fact. But I should be sorry to 
 be thought wanting in generous appreciation either of Athens 
 or of Demosthenes. If it were not that men's minds, in 
 judging of Greek democracy, are under the influence of 
 modern political prejudices, no one who had studied the con- 
 dition of mankind at different periods of history could doubt 
 that the Athenian community was, on the whole, the happiest 
 that ever rested upon a basis of slavery. That the free 
 joyous old Greek life attained its climax among the fully 
 enfranchised citizens, with their round of varied political and 
 intellectual excitements, even the least favourable critics 
 admit. That the unenfranchised aliens, whether ^kvoi or 
 /xeroiKot, were better treated than elsewhere, is shown by the 
 marked preference which they displayed for Athens, above all 
 Greek cities, as a place of residence and of business. And 
 Athenian slavery, with its inevital)le dark side, will compare 
 favoui-ably with the same institution at Rome, or as practised 
 by Christian nations in the New World. While we study, in 
 the Orators, the mingled legal and political issues fought out 
 in Athenian courts, we do well to remember the very late 
 growth of the spirit of justice and humanity in modern pro- 
 cedure. The rage of faction, and the judicial murders in which 
 it sometimes expended itself, were, more excusably, no worse 
 at Athens than in the England of 200 years ago. The 
 Athenians were to our notions strangely indifferent to human 
 life; but their capital punishments were far less revolting 
 than those of Europe generally one hundred years ago. Their
 
 INTRODUCTION. xlix 
 
 ideas in matters of political economy were scarcely more 
 rudimentary than some that crop up even in that oasis in a 
 protectionist desert, the England of to-day'. 
 
 I am even more unwilling to be suspected of injustice 
 towards Demosthenes, as I am not carried away by the current 
 of recent opinion which in this country has turned against 
 him, and has been supj^orted with remarkable literary ability. 
 The view w-hich commended itself to minds at once so robust 
 and so dispassionate as those of Thirlwall and Grote may yet 
 prevail over the depreciatory criticism of the Messrs Simcox 
 and Prof. Mahaffy. In the former more especially we seem to 
 recognise a readiness to accept any evidence when a great 
 reputation is to be ruined, and something too much of 
 triumphant iconoclasm'. Because Niebuhr injudiciously pro- 
 
 1 Some comparisons on these and similar points will be found in the 
 notes: e.g. T, 76, 125, 127, 136, 140, 212. 
 
 " Prof. Mahaffy, it is some comfort to observe, does not countenance 
 the charges against Demosthenes' private morals, and indeed gives 
 weighty reasons against doing so : p. 3.51 n. The Professor, I venture 
 to think, seems to hold and certainly suggests to his readers a more 
 favourable estimate in the bulk of his chapter on Demosthenes than in 
 the sentence or two in which he declares his adhesion to the views of 
 Messrs Simcox. Having had occasion to differ in opinion with Prof. 
 Mahaffy on this one point, I gladly express my concurrence with his 
 views on two other questions, on both of w^hich he has had to encounter 
 much adverse criticism, (i) While fully sharing his admiration for the 
 great works of A. Schaefer and Blass, I rejoice that he has raised his 
 protest against the scepticism which the former writer carried to an 
 extreme, and from which the latter shows only a slight reaction. 
 Schaefer had reduced the number of genuine speeches to twenty-nine: 
 Blass raises it to thirty-three. I agree with Prof. Mahaffy in thinking 
 that ultimately a much larger number will be acknowledged. If speed les 
 can be proved on internal grounds to be earlier than Demosthenes, like 
 the Callippiw, or later, like the Dionynodorun (a doubtful instance after 
 all), well and good: but I hold with Prof. Maliaffy that we arc not en- 
 titled to reject, on grounds of style, and still less of dishonesty in the 
 argument, works which commended themselves to the fastidious critical
 
 1 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 nouaced him "almost a saint," we are not justified in denying 
 him the possession of common honesty. Demosthenes un- 
 doubtedly amassed great wealth, but by methods which the 
 morality of his day sanctioned. In an age when selfishness 
 was not yet sufficiently recognised as a vice, he lived simply 
 and gave away largely. If he took the money of Harpalus, a 
 charge which after the recent strengthening of the case 
 against him' we would by no means deny, so pure a patriot as 
 Algernon Sidney accepted a pension from Louis XIV. Had 
 the motives of Demosthenes throughout his career not been 
 pure in the main, he could have had no inducement to place 
 himself in marked opposition to the other orators : he would 
 have hunted with the pack, and this notoriously he did not do. 
 When the day of trial came, his unpopularity and isolation 
 served to point the malice of his enemies. 
 
 taste of Dionysius. (ii) In his Social Life in Greece Prof. Mahaffy, as is 
 well known, places the Greeks on a lower level, especially as regards 
 honesty, truthfulness, and public spirit, than is claimed for them by 
 more thoroughp;oing admirers. Here also it appears to me that he is 
 right. At the last moment while these sheets are passing through the 
 press, I observe in the Academy, Oct. 21, 1882, a review of Herr Schmidt's 
 work on the Ethics of the Ancient Greeks. The reviewer thinks this 
 last and most learned German investigator strongly opposed to Prof. 
 Mahaffy's views: but he makes the following admissions. (1) That the 
 Greeks were "wanting in appreciation of the duty of man to man, as 
 such, and were disposed to consider the rules of war applicable to the 
 relations of individuals of different families:" (2) that they were not 
 remarkable for family affection : (3) he would be glad to hear (Herr 
 Schmidt apparently having said nothing) what the Greeks thought of 
 commercial dishonesty: (4) Aristotle testifies in his Politics to the 
 difficulty in getting magistrates who would face odium by enforcing 
 sentences against their fellow-citizens: (5) Greek practice in morals fell 
 a good deal short of Greek theory. I think Prof. Mahaffy here gets all 
 that he wants in the way of concession. No one has denied that Plato 
 and Aristotle erected on their several bases sufficiently high systems of 
 morality. But a stiU higher system may coexist with grave faults in a 
 national character. 
 
 1 By the discovery of the Hypereides papyri : see Mahaffy ii. 373 f.
 
 INTRODUCTION. li 
 
 As an advocate he was, we have seen, in no respect in 
 advance of his time. The courts and assemblies of Athens 
 were no schools of stainless honour, of gentlemanlike feeling, 
 of scrupulousness in argument, of decent reticence in language. 
 On a wide historic retrospect, we may place Demosthenes on 
 a level with the noblest patriots of all times. We may 
 believe, without credulity, that the author of the Speech on 
 the Crown was as incapable of selling his country as Chatham 
 or Peel. But when we turn to the forensic side of Attic 
 oratory, we feel how much has been gained by modern culture 
 and by Christian morality. The true "glory of Themis" has 
 unquestionably risen higher among the countrymen of a 
 Cockburn and a Coleridge, or of a Berryer and a Dufaure, than 
 among the countrymen of Themistocles.
 
 KATA ANAP0TIQN02 HAPANOMQN. 
 
 AIBANIOT TnOBESIS. 
 
 Avo rjo-av ev 'Ad7]vai<i ^ovXal, 7) fMcv 8ir]vefcy]<;, 1) ev 
 ^Apelo) ird'yw irepl re (povcoi' eKovcncou /cat Tpavp,arcov 
 Koi ToiovTcov riVMv ^iKu^oucra, erepa Be rj ra TroXtriKU 
 Trpdrrova-a- avTrj 8e Kar ivcavTov -^/xel^ero, €k irev- 
 TaKoa-lwv dvZpoiv t(Sv rr^v ^ovXevTiKrjv rjXiKiav uyov- 
 TUiv (TvvLcrTafxevri. v6fJL0<i 8e r]v eTnTdrroiv rfj ^ovXrj 
 ravTT] TTOceiadai rpn^pei'i KaLvd<;, iav 8e fir] TrocrjcrrjTai, 
 KQ}\vQ)V avrrjv alrelv irapa rov S/jfxov Scopedv. vvv 
 rolvvv 7) p,ev ^ovXr] rd^ Tpu]p€i<; ovk eiron^aaTo, 
 \\.v8poTL(ov Be yeypacfiev ev tu> Srjfio) ■\ln]<f)La/xa crre^a- 
 vwaai Tr}V ^ovXrjv. iirl tovtw irapavopiwv Kpiverai, 
 
 Anjument. At5o.../3oi;Xai] The (iovXevrLKT^u r]\iKiav] Thirty, 
 distinction between a judicial as for the T/XtaaraL See the He- 
 body (oiKdi^ovaa) such as the liastic Oath, Timocr. § 150. 
 Court of Areiopagus, and a iwoiricTaTo ... ■yi-ypa<pev] The 
 Council of State (ra woXitiko. confusion of aorist and perfect 
 irpdrrovaa) like the Senate of in late Greek is noticed by Mr 
 Five Hundred, was less clearly Paley on the Arguments to the 
 marked in ancient times : hence speeches Trpos <^opixlwva, p. 906, 
 the common term /SouXtj is ap- and virip 'I'opniuvos, p. 943. So 
 plied to both. vpoelpriKf bc'low unless we may 
 
 oi-qveKrif] 'perpetual,' because say that Ihictemon /k/.v opened 
 
 its members were elected for the case and now Diodorus 
 
 life; opp. to xXTjporrTj Kar' iviau- 'follows on the same siile ' ((Va- 
 
 t6v. ycijfl^tTai). 
 
 rpav/idrwi'] Jjirl. Antiq. s.v. Trapavdnuv] Diet. Anliq. s.v. 
 
 Traumatosek Pronoias Graphs. Paranomon Graph6. 
 
 W. I). 
 
 1
 
 2 KATA ANAPOTinNOS [argument. 
 
 Karrj'yopovvrwv aviov hvo exdpwv, ^vKTijfiovo'i Koi 
 AioScopov. KoX irpoeiprjKe fiev 6 EivKTTjfMoov, SevTepo^; 
 Se 6 AioScopo'i iirwycovH^eTat tovto) tm Xoyw. (f)acn 
 he 01 KaTtj'yopot irpwrov p-ev airpo^ovkevrov elvat, 
 TO yln](f)icr/jLa {vofiov yap KeXevovTO<; p.r} Trporepov et? 
 rov 8i]p,op yfr7](f)Lap,a eK(f)€peLV, Trplu ev rfj ^ovXfj 8oki- 
 p^aadeirj, rov 'AvSporlcova irapa tovtov tov vop^ov 
 (ITT po^ovXevTov elaeveyKelv rrjv yvcop.rjv), hevrepov he 
 virevavTiop eKeivw tco voixut rw KeXevovri p,r) Trocrjcra- 
 tievrjv rrjv ^ovXrjv ra? Tpii]pet<; firj alrelv hcopedv el 
 yap alrelv ovk e^eaTi, BrjXov co? ovSe ro Bovvao crvyKe- 588 
 ^(aprjTac. rovrovi fiev et? ro -npayixa rov^ vofMov^' 
 7rape')(ovTai Be koI Kara tov Trpoarco'irov hvo, tov Tr}<i 
 eTaLpr]ae(o<; Kal tov twv o^eiXovTwv tw Brjp.oalw, Kal 
 <J3aal TOV WvSpoTiwva Kara. a/j,(f)OTepov<; citi/mov eivar 
 Kal yap Treiropvevadat Kat XP^^'^ irarpcoov ocftetXeiv 
 rfi TToXec. 
 
 ETEPA TriO0ESI2. 
 
 Acd(f)opot, Trap' ^ A.dr)vaioi<; vTrr)p-)(ov dp')(ai, wv ai 
 fiev KXripoirai, ai Be x^^poTOVTjTal, at Be alpeTaL Kal 
 KXrjpcoTal fiev ai Kara KXrjpov yivofievai, &)? al Tcov 
 BiKacTTwv, ')(eLpoTovr]Tal Be al Kard '^etpoTovlav tov 
 
 dirpopovXevTov'] See § 5. 
 
 Ke\€uovTi....fj.ri aiTetv] A clas- 
 sical writer would have said 
 dirayopevovTi /xri airuv. 
 
 eis TO Trpdy/xa...KaTa rod Trpocr- 
 dnrov] 'bearing on the case,' 
 'against the person' of Andro- 
 tion. 
 
 Second Argument. The re- 
 mark of Taylor, that this argu- 
 ment is 'illustre' (i.e. a chief 
 source of our information) on 
 the Senate of Five Hundred, 
 
 mu'it not blind us to its many- 
 defects of style and misstate- 
 ments of fact. ' AvTiSiaaToXij for 
 'contradistinction,' v-rroTrlineiv 
 'to consist of,' irpo\a^6vTos 
 'previous,' d(nb>ai ev rip 5^mV 
 for els TOV drjfxov, all savour of 
 grammarians' Greek. And much 
 of the information, when closely 
 examined, turns out to be in- 
 correct: e.g. the account of the 
 Prytany and its subdivisions in 
 p. 590.
 
 ARGUMENT.] nAPANOMfiN. 3 
 
 Bjj/jlov yivofievat, &)? ai twv aTpaTrjywv, aiperal Be al 
 Kara a'lpeaiv, w? al twv x^pvy^^- "tovtcov fiia r]v 
 Tcov KXrjpcoToiiv rj ^ovXrj tcov irevraKOcncov. rcov irev- 
 raKoaloov Se eiiro/iev 77/309 avTihiaardXi-jv Tr}<i iv 
 'Apeico Trdycp. elal Be tovtwv Biacfiopal rpet?- fcai, 
 TTOOiTT} earl to ttjv twv TrevraKocrlcov to, Bri/xocna 
 "rrpajfiaTa BioiKeiv, ttjv Be ev ' Xpeiw ird'yu) rd (^ovtKa 
 /jLOvov. el Be ti<; etirot otc koI avTij Brjfioaia BiwKei, 
 \eyofiev oti, rjvUa ^e'ylaTr) avd'^Kif] e'^l'^vero, roTe 
 fiovov irepl Brjp,o(TL(ov avvrj'yero. Bevripa Bia(f)opd, 
 OTi rj fiev Tb)V TrevraKocrlcov upcdfiw inTOTmrrei copi- 
 (Tfievu), 77 Be dopla-Tw. &)? ydp TLve<i rwv prjropwv 
 Xeyovcn, kut eVo? ol evvea dp^ovre^; avrfi irpoaeri,- 
 devTO' 0)<i Be Tive'i, ore ol e^ fMovov 6ecrp,oderai. rjaav 
 yap e^ dea-fioOerai, ol irepl eTaipr]creo)<; Bi/cd^ovTes. 
 rjaav Be Kal dWot Tpel<i, eh eircovvfMo^, i^ ou /cal 
 evtavTo^ eVwyu/xo? oyvop^d^ero, Bevrepo'i /SaaiXev;, o 
 rd Twv 6p(^avu)v Kal dae^eiwv Bloikwv, Tplroq iroXe- 
 fiap')(^o<;, 6 Twv iToXepLLKwv iTrifjueXovfievo^. ol Be 6e- 5*^9 
 ofioderai eviavrbv /xovov rip^oi', irpo rr^^ dpX^l'^ Kptvo- 
 fjuevoi irepl rod 7rpo\a^6vTu<; iravro'; 0iov. Kal el fiev 
 evpedrjcrav ev irdai BiKaioi, rjpx^^ '''ov iviavrov. eira 
 TraXLv fxerd top evtavrov eKplvovro, el KuXw'i ev avrdj 
 rjp^av Kal el BiKalw'i w(f)6ri(Tav dp^avre'i, TrpocrerL- 
 
 alperai] There is no real not merely to the six juniors: 
 difference, as Boeckh and others hence the rather confused state- 
 have pointed out, between this ments here and below, p. 589, 
 and xf^po'''0''V'^°'^- 1- !• '^^^ doKifJiajia (irpo rrjs 
 
 us oi Tives, 8ti] The on is dpx^' Kpivbfxfvoi) and {\idvva.i (d 
 
 superfluous after ws, but, as /caXtDs rip^av) obviously refer to 
 
 Schaefer observes, a similar the whole nine, 
 laxity or confusion between to. ruif opipavCiv Kal affe^ei-wv] 
 
 two constructions is not uncom- A mistake as regards the former, 
 
 mon even in classical writers. The Eimnymus, and not the 
 
 The name Thesmothetae seems Basileus, was the j^uardian of 
 
 to have been sometimes applied orphans and heiresses {^iriKXij- 
 
 to all the nine Archons, and pot). Diet. Antiq. s.v. Archon. 
 
 1—2
 
 4 RATA ANAPOTiriNOS [argument. 
 
 Oevro rf/ /SovXt} twv ^ApeLOTrayirwv. Koi Sta touto 
 oi5p^ VTrerriTTTov dpidfxw. el Se /x/j, e^eBaWovro. rptTT] 
 Bi,a(f)opd, oTt, Tj fiev rwv TrevTaKoaicov Kar evLavrov 
 Sfe8e;^eT0, rj he twv 'ApeioTrajLTcov ^v dSidSo-x^of;' el 
 fjyT) <ydp TL'i rjixapre fxeydXco^;, ovk e^e^dWero. eVeiS^ 
 8e 01) irpoKenai rjiilv irepl Trj<; ev ^ Apelfo irdya ^ov- 
 X^?, dWd irepX rociv TrevraKoaloiv, dvajKalov p,a6elv 
 r}fid<; 'rrw^i rjp-^ev. loreov on ovk iyjrt](f)t^ov ol AOrj- 
 vaiot Tou? iJbrjva<i Kara top -qXiatcov hp6p,ov, to? rjixel^, 
 dWd Kara rov creXrjVLaKov. Kara yap top rfkiaKov 
 ex^i' evtavTO^ i^/xepa<; TpLaKoaia<i e^rjKovra Trevre, 
 coare av/ui/Salvei e-)(eiv rov p,rjva yfiepa^ TpiaKovra koi 
 rpiroi' Kal hwheKarov. SeKdKc^ yap rptaKOvra Tpia- 
 Koaia, Bl<i TpcdKovra e^rj/covra' Xoiird irevre. to 
 rplrov Twv ScoSeKa reaaapa' Xoiirri fica. 8(o8eKaTOV 
 8e T179 yu-ta? 8vo icrrl. Kara 8e rov (reXrjviaicdv 8p6fioi/ 
 6 evcavTO^ ^X^'' Tpt'Ct'coaiai; TrevnJKovTa reaaapa^, 
 ware aufji^alvet rov /xrjva e^^iv rjfiepa^ ecKocrtevvea 
 ij/xiav. Se/ca/ci9 yap eiKOcri 8iaK6aia, Si? eiKoai reaaa- 
 pdKOvra, 8eKdKL<i ivvea evvevr^Kovra, 81^ evvea 8e- 
 KaoKTOii, Kal TO 7]fjLiav Twv 8oo8eKa e^. ojcrre o/xov 
 eiuai r]fxepa<i TpiaKoaia<i irevTi'^KovTa reacrapa';, vtto- 
 XeiTreadai 8e Kard tov tjXiukov 8p6fjbov r]piepa<; €v8eKa, 
 a? AOrjvaloL Kara TpceTiav avvdyovTe<i eTToiouv tov 
 ifi/SoXL/xov fitjva TpiaKovra TptaJv r][xep(ov. e^et yovv 590 
 ivLavTO^ Kara tov creXi]viaK6v 8p6fjiov TpiaKocria<i 
 
 dpid/j.uj\ i.e. dpi0/j.i2 cjpto'/uei'aj, equally among the twelve 
 
 expressed above. As K. W. months. 
 
 points out, the subject of vwe- rbv efx^SXi/j-ov )xrjva] It is not 
 
 TTiTTTov is oi 'ApeiovayiTai, that worth while to correct in detail 
 
 of i^elBdWofTo is oi Becr/xod^raL. this writer's statements about 
 
 TpiTov Kal owS^KttTo;'] The the mode of intercalation. It 
 
 Greek way of expressing -j\. is enough to refer to Diet. Antiq. 
 
 The five days over and above s.v. Calendar (Greek). 
 360 are supposed to be divided
 
 ARGUMENT.] nAPANOMON. 5 
 
 irevT-qKOVTa reaaapa^ rjfiepa'i. Kal ra'i fiev h' 7]fjiepa<i 
 eKoXovv 01 ^ \6rjvaloL dp-)(^aipeaLa<;' ev al<i avap'^^o^ i) 
 ^Attlkt) tjv. ev TavraL<; Trpoe^dWovro tov<; apyovra<;. 
 ripvov ovv 01 TrevrafcocTLOi Ta<i rptaicoaLa'i irevrrjKovra 
 -q/jbipa^. aXX' eVeiS?) ttoXXoi rjaav Kal Bva')(^epw'i 
 rjvvov rd Trpdyfiara, BielXov eavTov<; et9 Se/ca fieptSa^ 
 Kara Td<; ^uXa?, dvc TrevTrjKovTa' toctovtov^ ydp 
 €KdaTT} (f)v\-^ irpoe^dWero. c^are (Twe^aive tov^ 
 'jrevrriKovTa ap-f^ecv twv dWwv ava rpLciKovra irevre 
 TjfjLepa^. avrai ydp ai rpu'iKOvra irevre rjfiepat eiai 
 TO SeKaTov fX€po<; rov evcavTov' Se/ca/ci? yap rpiaKOvra 
 TpittKoaia, TrevrdKC^ BeKU irevrrjKovTa. aW eTreLSrj 
 irdXiv 01 TreuTrjKovra ttoWoI y)aav et? to dp')(eiv afxa, 
 ol heKa Kara kXtjpov jxiav rjp-epav rcov kirrd, 6fjbOLO)<; 
 8e €KaaTO'i rcov d\X(ov diro K\y]pov VPX^ ''"^^ eavTov 
 ijfiepav, d^pi<; ov TrXrjpcodcocnv at eiTTa rjfiepai. KaL 
 <Tvvej3aLve Toi<i dp-)(^ovai Tpel<i fxrj dp'^eiv. eKacrrof 8e 
 ap')((ov ev fiia rj^epa eKaXeiTO eiricrdTri'^. hid tl oe 
 fitav /jbovTjv rjp'^ev ; eTrethr] avro^ ra? «A,et? t^9 dxpo- 
 7r6Xe(o<; eTnareveTO, Kal irdvra rd 'x^pijfxara t)}9 
 TToXew?. tV ovv fMi] ipaadfj rvpavvi8o<i, Bca rovro 
 fxiav rip,epav eTTOiovv aurov dp^ai. lareov o brt oi 
 fiev 7revT7]KOvra eKaXovvro 7rpvrdvei<i, ol oe oeKa 
 
 ficapxos] Here too, as Funk- 'Xdrivaiwv woXireia was written, 
 
 haenel puts it, ' Scholiasta som- the four first prytanies had the 
 
 niat.' We learn from Harpo- extra day (c. 43: Diet. Antiq. ii. 
 
 oration (s.v. wpvTaveia, quoting 1004 b). 
 
 Aristotle) that some of the Pry- fiiav rj/x^pav twv iwra] The 
 
 tanies consisted of 35, others of cumbrous and now exploded 
 
 30 days ; and Schoemann has view of the functions of the 
 
 further jjroved that the four Proedri and Epistatae rests 
 
 supernumerary days were given mainly upon this passaj^'e and 
 
 to the tribes which came last in on the Scholia to Aoschines, 
 
 order (Assemblies, p. xvi, from Ctes. §39. Compare I>(cf./lH//^. 
 
 an inscription of n.c. 410). s.v. Bould', p. 311 a. 
 When the Aristotelian treatise
 
 6 KATA ANAPOTinNOS [argument. 
 
 TrpoeSpoi, 6 Se el? €7rcaraTrj<i. /xeTCTeov 8e eirl rrjv 
 VTTodeaLv Tov irpoKeifievov \6^ov. 
 
 "E^o? 171/ rrjv ^ovXrjv Twv irevraKoaiwv \a/j,^d- 
 vovaav ')(^pr] jxara dirb tov ^rjixov Kaivwi Tpir]pei<i ttoi- 
 elv. v6/jio<; 8e rjv rrjv ^ovXrjv ttjv So^aaav tm Btj/XM 
 Ka\w<i jSe^ovXevKevai (XTet^avovadai. avTrj ovv ^59^ 
 iSovXrj, irepl ^<i 6 Xd^oi?, \aj3ovaa to, '^(^prifiara €k tov 
 8)]fjL0v Td<i TpiijpeL^ ovK eTTOLTjaev, eSoKeo 8' et? to. dWa 
 irdvTa KoKu)^ jBe^ovXevKevai. 6 jovv 'AvBpoTcoiv 6 
 pr/TOip, TT/OocTTaTT;? wv TavTr]<i Trj<i ^ovXrj^, kjpa-^e 
 yjrTJcf^Lafia crTe<^avoidt)vat Tyv /SovXijv. tovtov eXd- 
 ^ovTo tov ■^7](j)iafMaT0<; co? irapavo/jia)^ ypa^evTO^ 
 
 ^VKTrjfKOV KoX Al68(i}pO<i, e')(6pol 6vT€'i TOV 'AvSpOTL- 
 
 (i)vo<;. ecTTiv ovv y (TTdcn<i TrpajfjbaTLKr) ej'ypacpo';, 
 i'rTi(TKey\n<i fiiWovTO<; y^povov, el Set ToSe Troirjaai rj 
 el hel ToBe Sovvat r} fxr). koX eTrecSt) tt/jo? ttjv aTaaiv 
 TOV Xoyov avfJb^dWeTat vpXv to p^adelv Td<i Sckuio- 
 Xojla^, <^t/3e TTpwTov Td<; twv KaTrjyopwv e^eTaawfJuev. 
 EvKTTjficov ovv Kol Ato8a)po<i eTTiXa/jblSavovTai kutu 
 Teaaapa^; vofiov^ tov ■\lr'rj(f)Lcr/xaTO<;, wv irpcoTO^ ecTTiv, 
 aTrpo/SovXevTOv ■\|r7;0icryu.a fxr) elaievat ev tu) hrj^w. 
 eTveihr] <ydp ttoXv^ rjv b hrjfJio<i kuI TroXXaKL'i irape- 
 KpoveTO, jXYj vowv el e'^et efj,(f)coXevovaav KUKOvpylav, 
 rrpwTov TrapeTrifMireTo eh Trjv /3ovXrjv tcov irevTa- 
 Koalcov, KOi avTrj rjpevva, el t%et ^Xd/Brjv Ttvd i] 
 
 TTpoardT-ns] 'A leading man,' may be consulted : but the tech- 
 
 R. W. rightly after Schaefer. nicalities of the writers on the 
 
 7] o-Tciffts] ' The question anatomy of rhetoric are not ne- 
 
 {nUitus Quintil. in. 6. 1, quoted cessary either to the study or 
 
 by Shilleto on F. L. Argument) the literary enjoyment of the 
 
 turns on matters of fact con- Orators. 
 
 tained in writings : ' in the pre- el ^x^i] sc. to \pr](pL(Tixa, with 
 
 sent instance, on the construe- this writer's usual carelessness 
 
 tion of certain laws. For the as to the subjects of his verbs, 
 
 different kinds of o-rdo-eis Er- So below itpo^eiro /jlt) Biacpuvrjd-^ 
 
 nesti, Lex l'echnol.s.v.Uoi6Tr]s, is ' Androtion feared lest his
 
 ARGUMEXT.] HAPANOMnN. 7 
 
 KaKovp'ylav, Kal ovruxi elai^'yero et? rov hrj^ov. e8ei 
 ovv avrov rrpwrov elaeve^Kai to yp-rjcfttcT/jLa et? rrjv 
 ^ovKi'jv. ovK elat'ive'yKe he, iTreiSrj vecocrrl ap^aaa rjv 
 rj ^ovXrj, Kal ecfjo^elro firj BLa(f)Ci)vr)dfj''^' eKa(TTO<i yap 
 TOP Trpo avTOV 9e\ei Bel^at KaicM^ ap^avra. Sevrepo^ 
 vofio^, TTjv ^ovXrjv TTjv TTOi^craaav ra^ Tpii'jpet'i alrelv 
 rr)v hwpedv. rplro^i vo/juo'i, rov rjraiprjKOTa firj ttoXi- 
 reveadai' WvSporioyv apa, 09 rjraiprjKev, ovk 6t)'<^etA,e 
 7ro\tTevea6ai. rerapro^; vofio<;, rov e'TTo<^ei\ovTa rep 
 Srjfiocria) fxrj iroXireveadai,' av Be, (o 'AvSponcov, 
 6(f)€i\et<;' OVK apa Set ae iroXtTeveaOaL. eliroiixev Be 59^ 
 Kal TO.? rov (^evyovTO<; BiKaio\oyLa<i. tolvvv Av- 
 BpoTLCov 7rpo<i TOP TTpMTOv vofjbov edet dycovt^erai' 
 Xeyet yap on edo<i eKparrjaev dirpo^ovXevrov y^rjc^ia- 
 fia eladyeaOac iv rw Brjfiu). Trpo? Be rov Bevrepov 
 dvTivofj^LKux;' 7rapa(f)epei yap Kal avro<i krepov vo/xov 
 Xeyovra ttjv /SovXrjv, edv Bo^rj KaXw<i ^e/BovXevKevac 
 iv TO) B7]fjb(i), crrecfiavovadai. 7rp6<i Be tov^ ctXXovi Bvo 
 7rapaypa(f)iKw<i dycovi^erat, Xeycov otc dprt ovk wcfjeiXe 
 Kpivecrdai irepl tovtwv. 
 
 Tive^ 8" eVe^eipT^crat' tovtov tov Xoyov elireiv 
 irpayp-aTiKrjv 7rp6^ dvTLvoiiLav,XeyovTe<i otl " IBov Kal 
 
 " oiacj>dovq6fi Dind. , Blass. 
 
 motion should be opposed:' a exceptions. 
 
 late sense of this verb found in Trpay/xaTiKrju irpos dfTivo/xlaf] 
 
 Dion. Hal. The alteration to The distinction here drawn is 
 
 5ta<f)0ovr}drj seems unnecessary. again not of much real import- 
 
 T7J1/ TToiTiffajav... alrelv] In ance. The (errdcrt?) irpaynariKri 
 
 good Greek the meaning would 7rp6s dvTivo/j.lav would imply a 
 
 be brought out more clearly by dilliculty arising as to the course 
 
 iroiriffaiTav (without riju) dra to he pursued when it is seen 
 
 {turn tli-miim, only when it had that two laws are in (real or 
 
 built ships) oiTflv. Or it might seeming) contradiction to one 
 
 be expressed as in § 11 of tlie another: the ^l()v■q avTivo/xla of 
 
 Bpeech. the text is the dilliculty of i)rov- 
 
 ■irapaypa(piKC!)t] By way of ing the legality of some deed 
 
 irapaypa(pri, demurrer or bill of which has actually been done.
 
 8 KATA ANAPOTIONOS [% 1, 2. 
 
 "evravOa Svo v6fj,0L fid')(^ovrat aWri\oi,<i e/c irept- 
 "araaewi, cov o eh Trapa^e/Sacrrai Std rb Kvpcodrjvai 
 "tov krepov." dWd Xeyofiev otl iv rfj Trpayf^ariKfj 
 Tjj TT/ao? avTCvofjilav ov8€T€po<; irapa^aiverai, dXkd 
 (TKOTTovfiev TTolov Set Trapa^adrjvai. ev he tm Tra- 
 povTi Xoyw ov'^ ovTO)^' 6 et? ydp toov voficov rrapa- 
 /Se^acrraL, o Xeyoiv rrjv l3ov\rjv rrjv /Mrj iroir]<ja<Jav 
 Ta? Tpi7]p€i<; firj airelv Scopedv. rovro 8e ovk cSiov 
 TrpayfiariKTJ'i rrjq Trpo^ dvrivofiiav, dWd fi6vri<i dvri- 
 vo/u,ia<;. 
 
 lareov Se on, rjvLKa Svo wen Karijyopot, (vv 6 fieu 
 et? veoirepo^, 6 Se eVe/Jo? irpeo-^urepo'i, ovTO<i Xap,- 
 pavei Tqv irpcoToXoylav Kard riiMrjv, uxnrep kuI 
 ivravda 6 KyKTij/uLayv eXa^e ttjv TrpwroXoyiav d><i 
 Trpecr^vrepo^, Koi eiire rd Trpooi/jLta koL rr]v Kard- 
 araaiv Kut /Mepo<; re rcov dycovcov. 6 8e Ai6Scopo<i, 
 l8id)Tr]<; a>v, eXafiev diro rod At] /Moa$evov<; tov irapovTa 
 Xoyov. Kai eart SevrepoXoyla, e^et he d TrapeXnrev 
 
 6 EiVKT7]fM(OV. 
 
 Oirep FiVKTrificov, « dvhpe<i hcKaaral, iraOcov vir 593 
 
 iK irepiffTaffewi] ' owing to a §§ 1 — 3. The prosecutor 
 
 circumstance,' i.e. t6 /j.r] ■troiTi(raL Diodorus, following Euctemon 
 
 Tas Tptrjpeis, as Jerome Wolf ex- 'upon the same side,' is urged 
 
 plains it. by o. like motive of revenge 
 
 ■irapap^l3a(7Tai] We find wa- against Androtion, and upon 
 
 pa^e^aa fie VOLS in the pseudo- even stronger grounds. Eucte- 
 
 Demosthenic speech (probably 7non has been ivronr/ed in purse 
 
 by Hegesippus) wepl tQiv 7rp6s and h]) unmerited dismissal from 
 
 'A\i^av5pov avvdrjKwv, p. 214 office; but I, Diodorus, by a 
 
 § 12: Trapa^e^aadat, Thucyd. I. trumped-up charge of parricide, 
 
 123. The aorist form irapajia- which, if sustained,\oould have 
 
 eTJvai below is quoted from rendered life intolerable to me. 
 
 Thucyd. iii. 67, iv. 123. This charge, moreover, was not 
 
 tjuLku 8vo wai] It is hardly brought fairly against me, so as 
 
 worth while to call attention to to be tried on its merits, but in 
 
 the omission of av in such poor the indirect form of a prosecution 
 
 and late Greek. for impiety against my uncle.
 
 p. 593.] 
 
 nAPANOMnX. 
 
 9 
 
 ^ KvhpoTL(jdvo<i KaK(Jo<; cifxa rfj re TroXec /SorjOetv oierai 
 Seiv Kai SiKijv virep aiirov Xa/Selv, tovto Kayo) Tret-pd- 
 ao/xai TTOLeiv, iav dpa ol6<; re oo. avfi/Se/SrjKev Be, ttoWci 
 Kal heivd Koi irapd Travra^ tou? vofMOV^ ^vkttj/jlovo^; 
 v^pi<T/j.evov, iXciTTO) ravT elvai twv ifiol jeyevrj/xevcov 
 Si' ^AvBpoTLcovo'i Trpayfjidroyv. ovro^ /xev 7' et? XP^~ 
 fiara Kal to Trap' vfxdov d8i/c&)? eKireaelv iire^ov- 
 Xevdr)' ifie 8' ovS' dp iSe^aro twv ovtcov dvdptorrwv 
 ovSe eh, el rd KaracTKevacrdevd' viro tovtov Trap 
 iifilu eTTiaTevOr]. aLTtaadfievo'i yap fxe a Kal Xeyeuv 
 dv oKviiaeiev ti<;, el fxr) rv')(Oi Trpoaofioio^ wv tovtq), 
 TOP TTarep co? aTveKTOv eyco rov e/xavrov, Kal Kara- 
 
 for having agsociated loith me, 
 a parricide forsooth ! Andro- 
 tiorCs attempt failed signalbj : 
 so far from my being acquitted 
 by a narrow majority, he did 
 not obtain a fifth part of the 
 votes. With your help and 
 tliat of other enlightened juries, 
 I shall pay him off in his own 
 coin on this and on all possible 
 future occasion.';. I shall say no 
 more for the present of what is 
 personal to myself: but as to the 
 particular question now aicaiting 
 your verdict, and the many acts of 
 the defendant, througlwut a long 
 political career, which have been 
 injurious to the public interest, 
 I sliall touch briefly on points 
 which Euctemon lias omitted. 
 
 § 1. "OTrep 'EvKTynuv — /Sotj- 
 duv derai Seiv] A blending of 
 two modes of expression (1) 
 (liffirfp ottrai ouv, (2) owep ttolu 
 olo/JLevoi odv. The wep in Svfp, 
 as K. W. remarks, gives addi- 
 tional emphasis- 'just as.' — 
 ^oriOilv 'seek justice for.' 
 
 rb Trap itfj-ibv AoiKdii iKirfauu] 
 The Sciioliast Ulpiuu renders 
 this by iK(i(fi\-iirai. t^j apx^' ''"^ 
 TTfi diraiTTiadJS twv tlatpopQiv. 
 
 So Jerome Wolf (a.d. 1572), ' ho- 
 nore vestro per iniuriam deii- 
 cere. Hoe loco nou significat 
 in exilium eiici.' This explana- 
 tion of the oldest commentators 
 has been rightly recalled by A. 
 Schaefer and Benseler, in place 
 of the traditional 'driven into 
 exile.' The treatment of Eu- 
 ctemon by Androtion is related 
 below § 48, where KaraXiVas i/"7- 
 (piaixaTL 'having procured a de- 
 cree for his deposition' (from 
 the office of iKKo-yevs) is correla- 
 tive to iKireaeif here, and where 
 there is no mention of banish- 
 ment. Nor is it necessary to 
 restrict eKTriwreiv to that sense, 
 though of course a very com- 
 mon one : it may mean ' to be 
 ejected from property,' as in 
 Pantaen. p. 968 § 6 ttjs fiicrdil}- 
 <rews : or ' driven from the stage, ' 
 as in the scathing sarcasm of 
 de Cor. p. 315 § '2(55 erpiTayw- 
 vlffreis, (yil) 5' (dabpovf ^^^- 
 TTtTTTes, iyw 5' iavpirrov. 
 
 § 2. Kal X^YftJ* ai'] Kav \i- 
 yuv, Cobet, Misc. Crit. p. 5'20. 
 This is one of his Procrustean 
 rules. 
 
 KaraffKfvdffai d<re/3£/ai7pa07ji/]
 
 10 
 
 KATA ANAPOTIUNOS [§§3,4. 
 
 (TKevacra^ acre^eia^ ypa(f)T]v ovk iir e/xe, aW eirl rov 
 detov fjbov, <ypa-^a<s cicre^elv e'/xot avvLOvr eh ravrov 
 &)? TreTToiTj/coTL TavTa, etf dywva Karearrjo'ev, bv et 
 crvve^ri r66' dXoovai, rt? du ddXicorep' e/u,ov 7re7rov6oi)<i 
 rfv viro TovTOu ; rt? yap dv rj <^tA,o? rj ^evo^ elf ravro 
 iror eXdelv rjOeXrjaev ifiol; rt? S' dv elaae TroXt? 
 TTov Trap eavrfj yeveadat rov to tolovt^ acre/Srjfjba 
 3 hoKovvT elpydadai ; ovk. eariv ovhe fiia. iyo) roivvv 
 ravra fxev ov irapd /xiKpov dyo)vi^o/jL6vo<i irap vfuv 
 dTreKvadfMriv, aXA,' ware ro 7ri/j,7rrov p^epo^ jxr) Xa^elv 594 
 
 " TOP TOLovTo Bekk. 
 
 In a bad sense Karaa-K. is more 
 frequently applied to persons, 
 meaning either (1) to misrepre- 
 sent, as in I. Steph. p. 1126 
 § 82, c. Conon, p. 1261 § 14, 
 or (2) to suborn false witnesses, 
 as c. Callicl. p. 1272 § 1, p. 1281 
 §34. 
 
 rov deiov fxov] Certainly not 
 to be identified with Euctemon, 
 as Reiske and Funkliaenel some- 
 what oddly thought. There is 
 no mention of aai^eia. among 
 the charges against Euctemon 
 in § 48. 
 
 eis ravrbv ws] Dindorf should 
 have followed Bekker and G. H. 
 Schaefer in reading ravrbv us, 
 avoiding the hiatus. So below 
 t6 roiovTov dcre^rifxa is a better 
 correction of the MSS. roiovro 
 or ro roLovTo (2) than roiovr' 
 aaf^-qixa. These passages are 
 referred to by Cobet Nov. Led. 
 p. 436, who also corrects in the 
 present speech § 75 roaovrov 
 dir^Xet for rocrovr' avix^'-i i^ 
 Aristocr. p. 656 § 108 roaovrov 
 dirixov<^i-< again in Timocr. § 183 
 roffovrov dtrix^'-- The copyists 
 seem to have fancied that the v 
 in such words was only admis- 
 sible in poetry. 
 
 § 3. Trapd fjLLKpbv] This usage 
 of Trapd is to be distinguished 
 from the common phrase Trap' 
 dXiyov = 6\lyov 5eiv, oXiyov, fii- 
 Kpov, 'within a little.' Two pas- 
 sages cited by Reiske are exactly 
 parallel; Aristocr. p. 688 § 205, 
 Trapd rpeh fiev a.<pelffav \prj(l>ovs 
 ro fir) davdrip '^rnxiQaai: Timocr. 
 § 138 iJLLKpou p-ev dweKreivare, 
 XpT/^drcjt' 5^ TToWdSi' avToO avri- 
 rLp.wiJ.ivov Trap oXiyas yprjcpovs 
 iTip.ria-are ('accepted the de- 
 fendant's dvririiJiyjins or counter 
 proposal,' a better reading than 
 ■r}ripi.w<TaTe, 'inflicted the minor 
 penalty of Atimia'). [Add to 
 these instances Hyperid. pro 
 Euxen. col. 39. 2, /cai ovros iv 
 TovTU! r^ dcKaffrripLif} Trapd 8vo 
 ipT)c(>ovs dTri<pi)ye.'\ ]3ut in fur- 
 ther quoting Or. xvii. p. 217 
 § 22, 6 Trap' eXdxi-O'rov eTroiijaev 
 avTOUs dcpaLpedfjvai dLKaiws rrjv 
 Kara OaXarrav i^ye/xoviav, he ob- 
 scures the distinction between 
 the two idioms, 'just hitting,' 
 and 'narrowly missing.' The 
 meaning here is 'by a small 
 majority.' 
 
 TripTTTov pepos] With the 
 usual consequences: Timocr. § 
 7 w0Xe x'^''^^ to which would
 
 p. 594.] 
 
 HAPANOMnN. 
 
 11 
 
 TOi/TOi"? TMV ^jryjcficov' TOVTOV Be ixed' v/jLCov Tretpdaofiat 
 KoX vvv Kal Tov aWov aTravr ajjivveadai ')(^p6vov. 
 Koi irepl fxev twv IBloov e'^wv ert TroWa Xeyeiv iaaw • 
 Trepi S' (av o'ia€T€ rrjv y^rri^ov vvvl Koi irepl U)V ovro^ 
 Brjfiocrla TreTroXirevfievo'i ovk 6\iy v/xd^ e^Xayjrei', d 
 /jlol TrapaXeiireiv Kvkti]/ji.cov eSoKei, /SeXriov 8' vfid<; 
 (iKovaat, Tavra Sce^eXOelv ev iSpay^eacv ireipdaofj-ai. 
 4 iyoi yap el fxev ecopcov rtv d7r\f]v tovto) irepl wv 
 (f>evyet 7rp6<; Vfid<; ovaav airoXoylav, ovk dv iiroiov- 
 fXTjv irepl ai'T?/?'' p.veiav ovSe/xiav. vvv 8' niSa cra(^ct5? 
 OTi ovTO<i dirXovv fiev ov8e Blkucov ovSev dv elireiv 
 e^oi, e^airardv 5' u/xa? Treipdaerat irXaTTCov Kal 
 Trapdycov Trpo? eKacrra rovTtov KaKOvpyov^ X6yov<i. 
 ^ avrCiv Bekk. cum r. 
 
 be added partial Atimia, viz. 
 disqualification from bringing 
 a similar charge (of aai^eia) in 
 future. 
 
 anvvtadai] The Greek view 
 of revenge is expressed in Isocr. 
 ad Demon. § 26 oyuws alaxp'ov 
 vdfjui^e Twv (X^P'^" VLKacdai rats 
 KaKotrodai.^ kou ti2v (piXwi' ijTTa.- 
 adai rah euepyeaiais. Comp. 
 Demosth. c. Nicostr. p. 1240 
 § 1, with Dr Sandys' notes on 
 both passages. This objection- 
 able feature in Athenian liti- 
 gation is especially conspicuous 
 in the series of speeches de- 
 livered (and some probably com- 
 posed) by ApoUodorus. The 
 climax of repulsiveuess is reach- 
 ed in that against Neaera; the 
 speaker demands that a mi- 
 serable old woman, the reputed 
 wife of his enemy Stephanus, 
 shall be sold as a slave in pur- 
 suance of a law whicli forbade 
 marriage between an Athenian 
 citizen and a foreigner (e'dc 
 dvSpl ' AOrffalif} ^ivri ^vvoiKrj, in- 
 irpaadat rain-qv). 
 
 5r)no<Tlq.] Join with ^^Xa^ev 
 not with TTfTToXtTei'/xfvos. A man 
 cannot be said Tro\i.Ttvecdai idiq. 
 or dri/jLoaia. 
 
 TrapaXeiireiv... eooKei] TrapaXei- 
 iretv, imperf. intin., is the con- 
 jecture of Blass, preferred also 
 by Weil. The common reading 
 wapaXiireiv would require doKei. 
 
 § 4. Plan of the speech : 
 conjectural anticipation of A.'s 
 line of defence. There will be 
 nothing honestor straightforward 
 in his reply : he loill just try 
 to deceive you, men of the jury, 
 by dislionest arguments invented 
 to meet the various charges. 
 For he is an artist in speech, 
 having done nothing else during 
 his 30 years of public life (§ 66). 
 
 TrXdTTwc Kal napdyuv] All 
 ditliculty is avoided if with 
 Reiske we may translate -rrapd- 
 yo)i/ 'afferens' and make \67oi's 
 the object of both verbs. But 
 this sense of wapayeii' (corre- 
 sponding to a well-known use 
 of Trapipxonai) seems confined 
 to persons, e.g. de Cor. p. 285
 
 12 
 
 RATA ANAPOTinNOS 
 
 [I 
 
 €(TTiv yap, (o ai'8pe<i WdrjvaloL, Te-)(ylTr]<i rou Xeyeiu, 
 Kul Travra rov ^iov ia'^^oXaKev'' eve rovrcp. virep ovv 
 Tov fjirj TrapaKpovadevTWi vfMd<i evavna fieu rol<; o/ulco- 
 fioafievoi'i ireiaOijvai ^p'rj(j)laaa^a^,, d(j)elvai Se tovtov 
 ov vfilv ttoWmp eiu€K a^iov KoXdaai, 7rpocre;^eTe rov 
 vovv ol<i ipdo, IV dKOvaavTe<; €/jLov irpo'i e/caarov Ttav 
 VTTo TOVTOV pri6r]ao/u,ev(ov e')(nri6^ vTroXafjbjSdveiv h Set. 
 
 "= ei' Bens, cum Ubris. 
 
 § 170, d7n777e:\ai' oi TrpuTaveis 
 TO. TTpoffriyyeXjjL^i'a eaiiTols Kal 
 rov rjKOUTa Traprjyayov (comp. II. 
 Aristog. p. 805 § 17): and it 
 seems better to supply vfj-ds after 
 irapaywv with the meaning most 
 frequent in the Orators of 'de- 
 ceiving, leading astray:' of. § 34 
 (pevaKi^eiv Kal irapdyeiv. The 
 position of irapayuv will then 
 be accounted for, as K. W. has 
 seen, by its coming in as an 
 afterthought. Dobree well com- 
 pares Nausim. p. 987 § 9 touto 
 yap Tr\aTTOv<nv ovtol Kal irapa- 
 yovai, but wished unnecessarily 
 to transpose the verbs here, 
 irapayLov Kal ttXclttcov. Cobet, 
 Misc. Crit. p. 520, brackets koX 
 irapdywv as a 'dittographia' of 
 irXaTTuiv. 
 
 ecrx^^o.'^i'' f"*' TovTU)] This 
 correction of Reiske's for iv 
 Tovru is adopted by almost all 
 recent editors. It cannot indeed 
 be said that crxoXdfeiJ' ev nvl 
 would be inadmissible : we have 
 in Xenophon (Mem. in. 6. 6 and 
 elsewhere) crxoXafeiv -Kpbs n, and 
 in later authors, ax- f^rt, or 
 irpis TLvi (cf. Liddell and Scott). 
 But Dindorf rightly urges the 
 much greater appropriateness 
 of the simple dative, Lat. vacare 
 ret, to 'devote one's time' to 
 anytliing. Benseler, who alone 
 defends eV toutui, thinks the 
 expression more contemptuous. 
 
 as if it meant 'he has wasted 
 his time in the pursuit.' I 
 cannot but think this fanciful : 
 (TXoXo-i'ii-v does not imply spend- 
 ing time idly or uselessly, and 
 no cultivated Athenian, least of 
 all Demosthenes, would reckon 
 oratory among the ' studiis ig- 
 nobilis oti.' 
 
 6/j.u}/xoa-/j.evoLs] There is good 
 reason for thinking that the 
 true Attic form is 6p.o}/j.onivoii. 
 'The question of the insertion 
 of sigma before the terminations 
 of the perfect passive is one 
 of great difficulty : occasionally 
 verse establishes the true form, 
 as in the case of o/xw/j.!. — tovtI 
 rb irpdyfxa iravrbdev ^vvofiia/jiOTai, 
 Ar. Lysistr. 1007 : 6iJ.iI}/j.oTai yap 
 opKos €/c d€u>v fjieyas, Aesch. Agam. 
 1284. Buttheuntrustworthiness 
 of MSS. is demonstrated by the 
 circumstance that as soon as 
 the support of metre is with- 
 drawn, the sigma appears — 
 e5 vuv t65' tcrre, Zeus 6/j.iI}pi.oaTai 
 warrip [Eurip.] Rhes. 816. In 
 Demosth. 505. 29 [Lept. § 159] 
 it is only the best manuscript 
 (Paris S) which has retained 
 the primitive hand ii> y yiypa- 
 irrai. Kal 6iJ.wp.oTai..' Rutherford, 
 New Pltnjnichus, p. 97. So 
 dXijXefiivos, eXTjXa/i^cos are well 
 attested. Cf. Timoer. § 175. 
 
 ^XV(^' vTroXapL^dveiv] Not 'that 
 you may know what to think,'
 
 p. 594.] 
 
 nAPANOMP.N. 
 
 1 •> 
 
 5 "EcTTi 7a/3 el? fJiev ov oterac Te;^ft«(w? e-)(€iv avro) 
 Xoyo'i irepl tov airpo^ovKevTov. vofjLO'i iarl, (fiTjaiv, 
 iav a^tft)? rj /SovXtj Sokjj ^ovXevcrai Scopeta?, SiSovac 
 TOV 87]fu,ov rrjv Scopeoav avrfj. ravr iirrjpeTO, (^rjaiv, 
 ovTricTTaTrj^;, SL€')(€tpoToi'T)aev 6 Bq/xo^;, eSo^ev. ovSev 
 8el, (f>j]ai, 7rpol3ov\€VfMaTo<! ivravOa' Kara lyap v6p,ov 
 rfv ra fyfyvopi^eva. iyco S' avro rovvavTiov ol/xai, vo- 
 fML^Q) 8e Kol vpJlv avvSo^eiv, irepl tovtcov ra irpo^ov- 
 
 but 'may be able to give the 
 right answer,' as in §§ 10, 23, 
 34. Beuseler wavers between 
 the two meanings, giving here 
 'zu wissen, was Ihr davon zu 
 halten habt, ' and in § 23 'dann 
 entgegnet ihm nur. ' 
 
 §§ 5 — 7. Androtion will main- 
 tain, in the first place (and this 
 argument lie thinks an inni'iiions 
 one for liis own case) that the 
 omission of the Frobouleuma is 
 not contrary to law iii this 
 (exceptional) instance. The law 
 says that if the Senate have 
 discharyed their duties in a 
 manner worthy of compliment, 
 the people shall give them a 
 complimentary reicard. Well, 
 the chairman put the question ; 
 the people voted ; it was carried. 
 It was according to laic, and 
 therefore there loas no need of 
 a Frobouleumit . My answer to 
 this is, that the rule of sub- 
 mitting all resolutions to the 
 senate for approval applies to 
 lawful, not to unlawful pro- 
 positions : for illegal motions are 
 not to he made at all. Secondly, 
 he ivill argue that his conduct, 
 if not according to law, was at 
 least according to precedent. 
 'The senate hadnever gone through 
 thefarceof approving beforehand 
 a compliment to itself. In repli/ 
 to this, I doubt or rather I deny 
 
 the fact asserted ; hut even if 
 it were true, the question is not 
 about the practice; hut about the 
 law. TIte law must he enforced; 
 a. beginning must be made ; and 
 why not now? 
 
 § 5. TOV cnrpo^ovXevTov] Funk- 
 haenel cites from Bekker's Anec- 
 dota p. 440 the gloss ' Airpo^ov- 
 XevTov TO fii] TTpdrepov els ttju 
 jiovXijv, dW evdiis ei? tov drjfxou 
 eicraxOiv \pr](piiTfia. ovtu Atj/ulo- 
 ad^prji. The argument which, 
 we must remember, is not An- 
 drotion's own, but put into his 
 mouth by the counsel for the 
 prosecution merely in order to 
 be torn to tatters, with a sneer 
 at his fancied admiration of his 
 own cleverness (dv oieTui Tex^i- 
 Kuis «xf"' "■•^■'■'f')) appears to be 
 founded on the omission of all 
 reference to a TrpofiovXtvixa in 
 the letter of the law. To this 
 it is of course a sullicient answer 
 on the technical point, that the 
 sanction of the senate was an 
 invariable prerequisite to any 
 motion before the Demos, and 
 did not need to be recited in 
 drafting a law. 
 
 TavT eirripeTo] The (jucsticjll 
 put by the Epistates was whether 
 the senate deserved the custo- 
 mary reward, not, as G. H. 
 Schiiefer thought, ' de argumen- 
 to Icgis.'
 
 14 
 
 KATA ANAPOTIUNOS [§§6—8. 
 
 Xev/xaTa iK<^epeiv jxovwv, irepl wv KcXevovaiv ol vofjboc, 5^5 
 eVtl Trepi 7' cLv /xr) Kelvrai vofioc ov8e ypdcpeiv rrjv 
 6 dpYrjv TTpoafJKev ov8e kv Brjirov. (prjaei tolvvv tov- 
 rov d7rdcra<i top rpoirov el\r]<^evai rci'i ^ov\a<;, oaat 
 TTOOTTOT e')(^ovai Trap v/xoov Scopeidv, koI ovSefMia jeye- 
 vrjaOai 7rpo^ov\evp,a TTMirore. iyw S' ol/juat fiev ov^i, 
 Xiyeiv avrov oKtjBi]'^, ixdXkov 8' olha aa(pdo<i' ov firjv 
 dXX' el TOVTo TOLOVT iarlv rd p^dXiara, vo/xo'i 8e 
 Xiyei rdvavrla, ou^, ore 7roX,Xa/ct? rjpbdpTrjTat hrjirov 
 Trporepov, Sid tovt iire^apLaprriTeov earl koI vvv, 
 dWd TOVvavTiov dpKreov, cJ? 6 vop.o'i KeXevec, t« tol- 
 
 '' oK-qdri correctus r. aXrjOeiav ceteri, v. not. 
 
 €K4)ipeLv'\ 'That the movers 
 (roi/s ypd<povTai) bring up their 
 resolutions of the senate : ' hence 
 the article before Trpo^ovXei/j-ara. 
 
 fiT] /ceTvTai] ' do not apply : ' 
 ' upon a question that is not 
 lawfully open,' K. This must 
 be the sense ; yet the words 
 merely imply that the laws are 
 silent, not that they prohibit : 
 and we should have expected 
 a stronger phrase. Reiske saw 
 this, and observes; 'Sententia 
 postulat dwayopevovaiv aut ovk 
 
 (QlfflV OL v6fJ.0l. ' 
 
 71)11 dpxhv] 'omnino,' § 32. 
 
 § (). (f>y}<Tei Toivvv'] Neither 
 Kennedy nor Benseler express 
 this particle in their transla- 
 tions; itisnotinferentialbut co- 
 pulative, 'moreover,' and serves 
 to introduce Androtion's second 
 presumed argument — that from 
 custom. Comp. § 8 Ilepi toIvw.. . 
 This must be j^ronounced the 
 weakest point of the case for 
 the prosecution. With the ad- 
 vocate's instinct of 'admitting 
 nothing,' the orator 'thinks, or 
 rather is certain ' — not venturing 
 on an unqualified denial — that 
 
 a statement is untrue which 
 must have been within the know- 
 ledge of every one of his hearers, 
 and which Androtion would not 
 have dared to make unless it 
 were true. 
 
 XiyeLv ainov ciXt;^?;] Ben- 
 seler observes with reason that 
 neither Demosth. nor any other 
 orator ever says \iynv aK-qdeiav, 
 but Xiyeiv tt^u dXrideiav. The 
 reading dX-qdri, retained by Bek- 
 ker, Benseler, and Cobet Misc. 
 Crit. 1. c. , is supported by the 
 rhetorician Aspines, ed. Spen- 
 gel, I. 372 and 375. 'Scribe- 
 batur aX^ry' is Cobet's remark, 
 accounting for the two readings. 
 
 dpKriov, cos 6 vofxos KeXevei] 
 "This argument is repeated in 
 partly the same words in the 
 Aristocratea, p. 653 [§ 98]. It 
 is cited with praise by Quintilian, 
 V. 14, and Aulus Gellius, x. 19. 
 It touches a question which 
 frequently arises, both in courts 
 of judicature and elsewhere, 
 how far and in what manner 
 it is right to punish people for 
 unlawful or vicious practices, 
 which have long been tolerated
 
 p. 595.] 
 
 nAPANOMfiN. 
 
 15 
 
 7 avra Troietv dvayKn^etv diro crov irpunov. av Sr] firj 
 Xey (U9 yeyovev rovro 7ro\Xa.Kt<i, dW cu? ovtco irpocrrj- 
 Kei ylyveadai. ov yap et n irwirore fi'tj Kara roix; 
 vofiov^ iirpd-^OT], av 8e tovt ifii/jLTjaco, 8id tout 
 d7ro(f>6vyoL<i'^ av Si/cato)?, aXXa ttoWm fidWov d\l- 
 (TKOLo' (oairep yap ei Tt,<; [e'/cetVwt'] rrporjXoi, crv ravT 
 ovK dv eypayfra^;, o'vt(o<;, dv av Blktjv SoS?, dX\o<; ov 
 ypdyp'et. 
 
 8 Ile^i Toivvv Tov vo/jlov rod SLappijBrjv ovk ioovro^ 
 
 " airocpvyois vulgo et libri praeter STfl. 
 
 or connived at. It is urged on 
 the one hand 'how hard it 
 would be that a man should 
 suffer for doing what hun- 
 dreds had done before him 
 with impunity:' to which it 
 is replied ' we must begin with 
 some one ; it is necessary to 
 make an example, else the thing 
 will go on for ever,' and the 
 like." C. 11. Kennedy: who fur- 
 ther points out that the same 
 line of reasoning occurs in Cic. 
 Verr. ii. iii. 88 (205 ff.), and in 
 the Duke's speech in Measure 
 for Measure, Act i. sc. 4. The 
 'other side' might have ap- 
 pealed to the obvious rule of 
 equity, that when the reins of 
 discipline are to be tightened 
 some notice should be given. 
 
 § 7. aTTOcpevyois] ctTro^i^yots 
 Dind. and most MSS. : but 
 divo(t)(vyoi% corresponds better 
 witb a\l(TKoio following. 
 
 §§ H— 11. Androtion's third 
 assumed argument. He will 
 admit that the law exprennly 
 forhids the nenate to ask for 
 their reward if Ihcij have built 
 no HliipH ; but — observe hix im- 
 pndeuce — he ninjH it iioiehere 
 prevent H the pfopb- i'r(ijnnra,nt\ns^ 
 it. If he (/are it at their re- 
 quest, he admitH he hag made 
 
 an illegal motion : but if, omit- 
 ting all mention of the ships, he 
 projwses to crown them on other 
 grounds, he denies that there is 
 any illegality in this. To this 
 your answer is an easy one, first 
 that the Proedri and their chair- 
 man the Epistates, inputting the 
 question to the people, did what 
 was equivalent to asking. Men 
 ivho were not asking, or at least 
 expecting something for them- 
 selves, should not have put the 
 question at all. Besides, the 
 conduct of the senate ivas at 
 that very moment being ar- 
 raigned, and its members be- 
 sought you not to deprive them 
 of the usual compliment : whieli 
 again looks very like asking for 
 it. Once more, as I will prove to 
 you, the very wording of the law 
 shiiws that, when the asking is 
 forbidden, the granting is atleast 
 as strongly jirohibited. The mo- 
 tive of the law is, that the people 
 may not be misled or deceived. 
 
 § 8. OVK iu>VTos i^eivai] The 
 expression savours of tautology, 
 but is justified Ity Funkhaenel 
 from c. Neaer. p. 13H1 (5 IdO 
 
 KUi VCTTepOV OVK i^ (6 prjTWfl) 
 
 yiyvecrOai ' AOijuo.cov t^tivai, and 
 ]). 1381 § 113 ai' aSeiaf Xdjiwji. 
 ToD i^eivai. Add ii. Stcpli.
 
 16 
 
 KATA ANAPOTiriNOS [i 9— H- 
 
 i^elvai fj-r) TToirjaa/jievr] rfj ^ovXr} ra? rpirjpec^ alrrjaai 
 rrjv Scopeiav, a^Lov eartv uKOvaai r-qv atroXo^iav rjv 
 iroujaeraL, kuI dewprjaai rrjv dvalBeLau rov rpoirov Bt 
 c5i/ e7%etp6t Xe7eti^. 6 v6/j,o<;, (f>7]aiv,ovK ea rrjv ^ovXr^v 
 alTrjcrai rrjv Swpecav, idv firj TTOLrjarjrat rd-i Tpiripei^' 
 ofioXwyw. Sovvat Se^y ovBafjiov,(f)r]aL,K(a\vei rov BrjfMov. 
 iyw 8' ei° fiev eSwK alrovar], irapa rov vojxov etprjKa' 
 el Se firj 7re7rol7]p,ai fxveiav irepl tmv vewv ev oXw rw 
 yfrrjcjiLa/MaTi, aXX erep arra Xeyco Si a ttjv /3ovXr]v 
 9 are^avw, ttw? irapd rov vofxav €ipi]Ka ; earc 8?)'' Trpo? 596 
 ravT ov ')(^aX€7rdv rd SiKata vfilv avTeiiretv, on Trpoi- 
 rov jjiev 01 irpoeSpevovTe'i rr;? /SovXi]'^ kul ravT 
 i'7riylrr](J3i,^a)v iir ktt drr)'; rjpwrwv Koi Siaxetporoviav 
 eSiSoaav, orw SoKet Bcopeid<i a^i'&x? v /SovXr} ^e^ovXev- 
 
 f 5' Bens. s 8r) el Z Dind. ^ Se Z Bekk. cum libris. 
 
 p. 1132 § 12 ol' 76 vo/xoi dira- 
 -yopeiiovai. fj.r]d^ vbfxov e^elvai ew 
 dfdpldelvai. As Schweighaeixser 
 observes {Lex. Herod, s. v.) the 
 correlatives KeXeveiv and ovk ia.v 
 do not commonly imply au- 
 thority to 'command' or 'for- 
 bid.' They are often used of 
 advice tendered to a superior, 
 and not necessarily accepted, as 
 e.g. by a minister to a despotic 
 prince, a constitutional states- 
 man to the people, or a slave 
 to his master. Herod, v. 36, 3 
 (Hecataeus to the Milesians) 
 -TrpaSra fxev ovk 'ia irbXeixov (SaaiX^'i 
 TWvUepcrCiv dvaipeadaL...iTrei rede 
 OVK iiveide, devrepa avvefiovXeve. 
 Thucyd. i. 127. 3 (Pericles to the 
 Athenians) ovk eia vireiKeiv, dXX' 
 eh Tov TTokfp-ov wpp.a. Thucyd. I. 
 133 (the Argilian slave to Pau- 
 sanias), ovk ewvros dpyi^eadai, 
 ' begging him not to be angry.' 
 TOV rpoTTov] The character of 
 Androtion , as inferred from what 
 
 he attempts to urge (5t' wv iy- 
 Xetpet Xeyeiv) : not of the argu- 
 ment itself. But below, § 11, 
 TOV Tpbirov TOV vbpLov is the form 
 or wording of the law, a rather 
 different sense. The coolness 
 of the assumption is increased 
 by the presents eyxeipei: and 
 ^TjcTL. A. is described as actually 
 saying what it is pretended he 
 will say. Cobet, in support of 
 Dobree's conjecture i^ wv, ob- 
 serves that e| and dia are often 
 confounded. Misc. Grit. I.e. 
 
 eLpr)Ka] In the technical sense 
 of Xiyeiv, 'moved.' 
 
 § 9. oi irpoeSpeiiovTes — eiriaTa- 
 TTjs] See Diet. Antiq. s. v. Boule, 
 p. 311 a. Compare Schoemann, 
 Antiq. p. 377; K. F. Hermann, 
 Staatsalterth. % 127. Thumser 
 § 87a. Kennedy's 'Committee 
 of Council' is a modernism 
 somewhat too suggestive of 
 ritualist prosecutions and 
 educational minutes.
 
 p. 596.] 
 
 nAPANOMnN. 
 
 17 
 
 Kevat Kal oto) /x?/' kuctoc Tov<i <y€ jxri alTovvTa<; /xtjSe 
 Xa^elv d^iovuTa^ [jW ^/'%'7^] oi^S' iirepwrav TrpoarjKev. 
 
 10 7rp09 Toivvv TovTOL<i eartv a MetSi'ou KanjyopovvTOf; 
 Trj<i /3ov\y<i Kal dWcov rivcov, dvamjhwvTe's ol /Sov- 
 XevTal iSeovTO fjurj a(f)d<i acpeXeadai rrjv ScopeLuv. Kal 
 ravra ov trap ifiov Set irvOeadai toi)? SiKa^ovra^i 
 vfid^, dXX! avTol irapovTe^ ictt ev tu> Sijfxw yevop^eva. 
 ilaaff orav fiev firj <f>f} Trjv /3ovXi]u alrelv, ravd' viro- 
 Xafi/3dveT€' on Se ouSe rov Srjfxov id ScSovai firj 
 7rotT](Tap,€voc'i^ ra? vav^ 6 v6p,o<i, Kal tovt eViSe/^w. 
 
 11 Sid ravra ydp, (6 dvBpe^ AOrjvaloL, rovrov e-^a rov 
 rpoTTOv 6 v6p,o<i, p,r} i^elvat rf] ^ovXfj /x.?} TTOirjaap^evrf 
 
 ' iroiricrafieuri Z Bekk. Dind. 
 
 HrfdeXa^elv d^toOvras] 'expect- 
 ing or claiming to receive,' a 
 phrase e\'idently designed to 
 meet the legal quibble that they 
 had not asked. The senate, like 
 modern waiters, did not 'ask 
 for' but 'expected' the cus- 
 tiimary ' tip.' With less than 
 his usual point, K. translates 
 'asked or demanded.' As 
 K. W. remarks, the orator here 
 meets one piece of sophistry by 
 another. The I'roedri and Epi- 
 states were not responsible for 
 the questions they i)ut to the 
 vote, unless it were that of re- 
 habilitating an ari/jios (Timocr. 
 § 50) : the ypa(pri irapav6/Muv did 
 not lie against them, but against 
 the propounder of the decree. 
 
 § 10. (CTTiv d MfiStof Karrj- 
 yopoOvTOi] 'Whf-n Midias and 
 some others brought certain 
 charges against the senate.' K.'s 
 rendering, 'there were charges 
 preferred,' might mislead the 
 student into tliinking that lariv 
 was the i)rinci])al verb: of 
 course ^(TTiK a = ?via, 'some.' The 
 older commentators puzzled 
 
 W. D. 
 
 themselves with the question 
 whether the words Kal dWwv 
 TLvdv were to be joined with 
 MeiSiov or with r^s ^ovXrjs: but 
 it is obvious that the senate 
 was the only object of attack. 
 The place of /cat dWwv tlvQ)v in 
 the sentence may be the result 
 of an afterthought : comp. note 
 on § 4, TrXdrrwi' /cat wapdycou. 
 
 dvaTrrjdwvrei] Not 'starting 
 to their feet,' as men might do 
 on hearing themselves attacked 
 without the right of reply, but 
 'springing upon the Bema' 
 when their turn came to sjieak. 
 Timocr. § 13 dvaTrrjdrj<Tas 'Av- 
 dporiuv Kal VXavK^TTjs Kal MeXd- 
 vwwo^...(^6ijiv, riyavaKTovv, t'Xot- 
 dopovvTo. Aeschin. Ctes. § 173 
 dv(irT]Or\<iev iirl rb ^TJ/J-a. Cf. Ti- 
 march. J; 71. 
 
 Tovs oiKa^ovras vfji.d.s] ' You 
 jurors,' K. 
 
 §11. fiTje^ftvai — rrjv Swpeidv] 
 Cobet in his trenchant way 
 brackets these words as a usi;- 
 less repetition from § H : tovtov 
 will then refer, as usual, to wliat 
 goes before (Misc. Crit. p. o'iO).
 
 18 
 
 RATA ANAPOTiriNOS [§§12,13. 
 
 12 
 
 Tn<? Tpi7jp€L<; alrrjaat Ti]v Soopetdv, Xva firjSe Treia-drjvat 
 /i7;S' e^a-warrid rival yivoir eVt too Sr]fia). ov yap 
 weTO Btlv 6 TLdeh rov vofiov eVt tt} rwv XeyovTcov 
 Bvvdfiei TO TTpdy/jia KaTacnrjaat, dX)C o SiKUtov rjv 
 evpelv dfia koI avficpepov tw hrjpLW, vo/xu) rerdx^aL. 
 Ta? Tpcrjpei'i ov TreTTolrjaai ; p^rj roivvv atrei tijv 
 Bwpeiav. OTTov 8' alrelv ovk ea, 7ra><i ov a<^6hpa 
 Sovvai ye^ KioXvec ; 
 
 "A^toi/ Toivvv, (V dvBpe<; 'AdrjvaloL, KaKeivo efe- 
 
 rdaai, ri hrjirore, dv raXka irdvd' r) ^ovXrj KaXw'i 
 
 l^ovXevatj Kal fMTj^eU exv M^^^ iyKaXeaac, rd'i 8e 
 
 Tpcyjpeii; fir] Trocria-Tjrai, ovk e^ecrrc Xa^elv T-qv 8(o- 
 
 ^ ye douvai Z Bekk. Bens, cum ST. 
 
 From a literary point of view 
 this is an improvement; but if 
 we bear in mind that the speech 
 was addressed to a jury, we 
 shall be inclined to give Demosth. 
 credit for repeating himself 
 without verbal tautology. 
 
 iVa /xrjd^ — ini rai drj/JLii)] ' that 
 it may be impossible for the peo- 
 ple to be misled or deceived : ' 
 ■weiadrivai, like dvaireKrOTjuai, in 
 a bad sense, persuaded against 
 their better judgment ; i-rrl n^ 
 SrifiLp as €Trl TTJ tG)v \ey6vro3V 
 Swd/j-ei below, 'in the power of 
 and so 'depending upon' the 
 intelligence of the people, the 
 ability of the framers of mo- 
 tions. 
 
 §§ 12—16. The case of the 
 triremes further considered. 
 Paramount importance of naval 
 supremacy to Athens. It is 
 worth lohile further to inquire 
 how it comes that, even if the 
 senate have performed all their 
 other duties creditably and no 
 one luis any complaint against 
 them, still, if they have not built 
 ships, it is unlawful to ask for 
 
 their retoard. All that is most 
 ijlorious in the history of Athens 
 has been achieved at times ivhen 
 our navy was in first-rate condi- 
 tion ; all our greatest reverses 
 have arisen from the toant of a 
 fleet. To take an example of 
 the former from old times, it was 
 when we had abandoned the city 
 and were cooped up in Salamis 
 that our immortal naval victory 
 delivered not merely ourselves, 
 but the other Greeks. And quite 
 recently we relieved Euboea in 
 three days and forced the Theban 
 invaders of the island to surren- 
 der. On the other hand, in the 
 last fatal years of the Pelopon- 
 nesian ivar, after the disaster in 
 Sicily we were not forced to sur- 
 render until we had lost our 
 fleet at Aegospotami. Nor are 
 later instances wanting. You 
 remember, in our last war icith 
 the Lacedaemonians, lohen it 
 was thought that we were not 
 prepared to send out an expedi- 
 tion, the city loas threatened 
 with famine. No sooner had 
 ive put to sea tlian ive obtained
 
 p. 597.] 
 
 nAPANOMOX. 
 
 19 
 
 peiav. evprjcrere 'yap tovto to lcr')(ypov virep rov 597 
 OTjfiov K€L/uievov. ol/xai yap av p,r]Bev' avTeLirelv (w? 
 ov'^, oaa TTooTTore rp TroXei yeyov^ rj vvv ear dydO' i) 
 uarepa, iva firjSev c'lttco (f)\avpov, iic rr}'? raJv rpirjpodv 
 ^o TCI P'^v KTrjcreco^, rd 8' (iTrovaLa^ yeyovep. olov 7roXX,a 
 p,ev av Ti<i i'^oi Xeyeiv Kai TraXatd Kal Kaivd' a S' 
 ovv TrdcTLV paXtar aKOvaai yvoopipa, tovto pev, el 
 ^ovXead', 01 rd irpoirvXaia Kal rov irapdevwv oIko- 
 
 peace on our own terms. You 
 have therefore justly made this 
 an indispensable condition of 
 the senate receiving its reward. 
 Well, in spite of all this, the 
 defeiulant is fully persuaded that 
 he has the right to move and 
 propose xchut he pleases, even if 
 no neic ships have been built. 
 
 % 12. roxJTo rd iffxvpbv] ' that 
 this stringent enactment is for 
 the people's good.' K. 
 
 ddrepa] =KaKa., by a not un- 
 common euphemism. Funkhae- 
 nel compares de Cor. p. 269 
 § 128 KaXuiv T) IJ.T) ToiovTojv, and 
 p. 29H § 212, where rCov (is ere- 
 pii3% ffvfjL^avTwv is the opposite of 
 Tuiv 5e6vTWf. Bentley on Pha- 
 laris ch. ix. {Works, i. 266 ed. 
 Dyce) quotes oai/xu^v ^repov from 
 Pind. Pyth. v. 62, and Callini. 
 Fragm. 91, but thinks the ex- 
 pression only poetical : for this 
 he is criticised by Valckenaer 
 Diatr.j). 112, who refers (among 
 others) tu one of these passages 
 in Demostlienes. 
 
 iVo fiTjoiv tlww (pikavpov] The 
 phrase (piXavpbv n Xiynv usu- 
 ally means to say something 
 depreciating or disparaging, 
 as in Lept. p. 461 § la ovk olda 
 oiiSi \^yu) <f)\aupov ovSiv ovoi 
 avvoiba, p. AHH % 102 oi^S^i' yap 
 <p\avpov ipiv fff, .Mid. p. ')Hl 
 ^ 2()H Trtpl wv ovMv av ttwoipu 
 irpds vfJMS <p\avpov eyii. Shilleto 
 
 de F. L. p. 427 § 270 = 306 
 quotes from Photius (p. 650, 
 19 ed. Porson) the distinction 
 (pXavpov fiev icrri to pj.Kpbv KaKov, 
 <f>a.v\ov 5e to p-eya and jDroceeds 
 to show that this distinction is 
 not always maintained, since 
 (pXaupos is used of serious as 
 well as of trifling evils. Comp. 
 Aristocr. p. 651 § 92, Timocr. 
 §§ 127, 158. Here K. rightly 
 translates 'that I may avoid 
 words of evil omen.' 
 
 § 13. TTMiv fxaXicTT' aKodffai 
 yvuipLpLa] ' Familiar to all ears. ' 
 Comp. de Symmor. p. 189 § 40 
 (licTTe Kai yvuspLfia Kal incrTd avri^ 
 t(jov awayyeXXovTtiJv aKoveiv ^arai. 
 See also Timocr. § 68 Tracrt 
 yvui pi 1X011. 
 
 d ^ovXeade'] 'to take this ex- 
 ample,' G. H. Schaefer. The 
 phrase el 5k ^ovXei is common 
 in Plato in a sense approaching 
 the present, but with easily dis- 
 tinguishable shades of meaning : 
 see the Editor's note on Protag. 
 320 a. 
 
 ol TO, irpoiri/Xaia Kal Tbv wap- 
 Oevujva oiKoSo/xricravTes] The two 
 great ornaments of Periclean 
 Athens, here ascribed to the 
 men of Salamis, are in reality 
 later by at least a generation. 
 The J'arthcnon was finished 
 n.c. 438 : tlie Projiylaca wen; 
 then immediately begun, and 
 comj)leted in five years, ending 
 
 2—2
 
 20 
 
 KATA ANAPOTinNOS [§§ 14, 15. 
 
 8o/jiy]<Tavr€<i iKelvoi koI TaXk" d'wo twv ^ap/Bcpcoi/ 
 lepa KoafXTJcravTe*;, ecf)' oh (jiiXoTifxavfieda Trdvre'i ecKO- 
 Tft)?, Tcrre' B'^ttov tovto UKofj, on rrjv iroXiv eK\i- 
 7r6vTe<; koI KaTaK\€icr0evT€<; et? XaXafilva, e'/c rou 
 Tpi)]pei<i e'^€tv irdvTa fxev rd acfjerep' avrwp Kat, rrjv 
 TToXiv, rfj vavfMa)(La vcKtjaavre'i, eacoaav, ttoWwv he 
 KoX fieydXcov dyadcSp toi<; aX.X.ot? ''EX.X7/cri Karearr)- 
 crav aiTiot, cov ovS^ 6 ')(^p6vo^ ttjv fivtjfirjv d(f)e\ea6ai 
 14 SvvaTUL. etev aW eKclva fiev ap'^ala Kat irakaia. 
 dX}C d 7rdvr€<i eopuKar , IcrS" ore Trpwrjv Kv/3oevaii/ 
 
 ' tare yap Z Bens, cum etc. 
 
 about 432, very shortly before 
 the Peloijonnesian war. 
 
 KaraKXeiad^vres] Cobet, Var. 
 Led. p. 159, lays down the rule 
 on the authority of the gram- 
 marians that in the older Attic 
 the forms kXj'w etc. (perf. pass. 
 /c^KXr;/xat not K^KXeifiai or k^kXsl- 
 ff/juii) are alone correct. These 
 forms are now completely esta- 
 blished in the Tragedians and 
 Thucydides, and are beginning 
 to be recognised in writers of 
 the next generation. Thus Co- 
 bet observes that where the best 
 (or as he would say the least 
 bad) MSS. do not give 'certa 
 exempla' they at least show 
 ' manifesta vestigia' of such 
 fonns: and Dindorf now cor- 
 rects everywhere -77- in Aristo- 
 phanes, e.g. Av. 1262, Ecclesiaz. 
 355, 420. As to Plato, Thomp- 
 son decides for 'the so-called 
 Atticists against the MSS.' 
 (Preface to Phaedrus,p. viii* and 
 noteon25lD). So far as I have 
 been able to discover, the vari- 
 ants in the text of Demosth. 
 show no 'clear traces' of the 
 older forms ; in i. Aristog. p. 
 778 § 28 Bekk. and Dind. read 
 KeKXn.fiivijs {KeKKiixivTjs 2), and 
 
 so in II. Olynth. p. 22 § 16 /ce- 
 K\eifx4vuv on slight MS. author- 
 ity. Cobet would everywhere 
 restore K^KXrjfxai for KiKKei/xai or 
 -eLffjxai invitis libris. 
 
 ov5' 6 XP0''°^] Cobet com- 
 pares I. Aristog. p. 799 § 97 wv 
 
 Ov5' 6 XPOVOS TTjV /J.Vrj/J,7JP T](pdvt.K£l>. 
 
 As he observes, the phrase used 
 is ovSeis xp^'^os referring to fu- 
 ture time [oiySeis xp^i/os e|aXei^et 
 etc.], oi)5' 6 xp^vos of the past. 
 
 § 14. dpxcuo. Kat TraXatd] 7ra- 
 Xoios follows dpxalos in a more 
 or less contemptuous sense, 
 'trite' or 'timeworn.' But in 
 Lys. c. Andoc. § 51 Kara to v6- 
 fxi/j-ov t6 iraXaLov Kai dpxaiov 
 seems to mean 'the good or 
 tima-honoured old custom. ' 
 
 dXX' a wdvTes eopaKar', icrd ' 
 Sti] Cobet, Nov. Led. p. 228, 
 writes ' repone dXXd iravres et 
 eopaKare excidit,'an emendation 
 which carries with it more pro- 
 bability than many of the critic's 
 ingenious conjectures. The 
 construction thus comes out 
 more simply and neatly. Re- 
 turning to the jioiut in Misc. 
 Grit. p. 521, he adds that eopa- 
 Kare does not fit well with Kai 
 Orjl^aiovi vTTOcnrovdovs direwlp.-
 
 p. 597.] 
 
 nAPANOMON. 
 
 21 
 
 ri^epwv rptwv e^orjOi^aare Koi ^ij/Baiovi vTTOcnrov- 
 Bovi direirefJi-^aTe. dp' ovv ravr iirpd^ar dv oI'tco? 
 o^eo)?, el /uLTJ vav<i et')(^€T€ Kaivd<; iv al<i i^orjOijaare ; 
 aXX' ovK dv rjhvvaade. ciWa ttoXX' e-^oc rt? dv 
 elirelv d rfj TroXei yeyov' €K tov rayra? KareaKeva- 
 15 (r6at KaXw(; dyaOd. elev' e« Se rov KaKW'i iroaa 
 Seivd ; rd fiev ttoXA,' idcrw dX}C eVt tov Ae/ceXet/coi) 
 TToXifiov (rcov ydp dp^alcov ev, o 7rdvTe<i ifiov fidWov 
 
 ■ipare. The form eopaKo., like 
 /cXtjco for kXclw, rests more on 
 the authority of grammatical 
 tradition than of extant MSS. ; 
 but there are indications in the 
 latter. See Shilleto's critical 
 notes deF. L. §§ 119, 195, where 
 he notices it as Dindorf s read- 
 ing but does not follow suit 
 himself. Blass's etop. in this 
 passage appears to be a misprint. 
 Elsewhere throughout these 
 speeches he has edpuKa. 
 
 TTpihrjv Eiz/SoeOcrtf rjnepiov TpiQ/v 
 e^oTjdrjcraTe] irpili-qv 'the other 
 day' means here three years 
 before, b.c. 358 (Benseler says 
 357). This success in Euboea 
 was a bright spot in the other- 
 wise disastrous Social War : the 
 facts are in Grote ch. 86 (vii. 
 649—651 ed. 1862). Timotheus 
 was commander, but a body of 
 mercenaries under Chares con- 
 tributed to the Athenian vic- 
 tory (c. Aristocr. p. 678 § 173). 
 Aeschines (Ctes. § 85) allows 
 five days for the landing in Eu- 
 boea, thirty days for the sur- 
 render of Die Thebans and com- 
 plete reduction of the island. 
 ' Yet it seems,' Grote adds, ' not 
 clear that the success was so 
 easy and rapid us the orators 
 are so fond of asserting. How- 
 ever, their boast, often after- 
 wards r(i»,iited, [as e.g. Dem. 
 de Cor. p. 259 § 99,] is so far 
 
 well founded, that Athens fully 
 accomplished her object, res- 
 cued the Euboeans from Thebes, 
 and received the testimonial of 
 their gratitude in the form of 
 a golden wreath dedicated in 
 the Athenian Acropolis.' We 
 shall hear more of this and 
 other golden wreaths in the 
 course of the present speech: 
 see especially § 72. For the 
 genitive of time Tj/j.epwv rpiuiv cf. 
 Madvig, Sijnt. § 66. A good 
 example is Soph. Philoct. 821 
 
 TOV dvOp ^OlKeV VTTVOS oil /xaKpov 
 
 Xpovov I e^eiv. 
 
 § 15. iwi TOV AeKf\fl.K0V TTO- 
 
 \eixov] ' That which Thucydides 
 terms the nineteenth spring 
 of the Peloponnesian war, but 
 which other historians call the 
 beginning of the Dekeleian 
 war.' Grote, ch. 60 iiiit. (v. 
 2.52), referring to Diod. xiii. 8. 
 The name AeKeXeiKbi TrdXfyUos 
 occurs de Cor. p. 258 § 96, c. 
 p. 1804 § 18; cf. Mid. 
 § 14(5; Isocr. de Pace 
 The hollow truce called 
 tlie peace of Nicias now came 
 o])enly to an end, wlien the La- 
 cedaemonians fortified Decelea 
 at the suggestion of Alcibiades 
 (Thucyd. vii. 18) and continued 
 to liarass Athens from it (fTri- 
 reix'f*"') till the clos(! of th(.' 
 war. It WHS about 14 miles 
 north of Athens, on an outlying 
 
 liubul. 
 p. 562 
 
 102.
 
 22 
 
 KATA ANAPOTmNOS [§§ 16, 17. 
 
 eirlcnaaG' , vTrofivrjcrw) rroWoov koX Seivrvv aruxV' 
 /judrcov (TVfJbjBdvTwv rfj Trokei ov irporepov tw iroXefitp 
 Trapiarrjaav, rrplv to vavrtKov avTwv uTrcoXero. 59^ 
 Kol rl Sec TCI iraXatd Xeyeiv ; top TeKevToiov yap 
 iaT€ [tov^ 7r/309 AaKeBaiixovLov<i 7r6Xe/xov, 'ot€ fiev 
 vav'i ovK e8oK€iTe (iTroaTelXai hwrjaeaOai, ttw? ote- 
 
 spur of Mount Parnes. At the 
 very moment of this invasion, 
 the Athenians sent out their 
 second great armament under 
 Demosthenes to the siege of 
 Syracuse, and a smaller squad- 
 ron of 30 triremes under Chari- 
 cles to annoy the coasts of Pe- 
 loponnesus. 
 
 TToWQiv arvx'TiJ-d.rwv^ After 
 the disaster in Sicily (n.c. 413, 
 September) the Athenians in 
 spite of revolutions at home 
 (the Four Hundred, 411) still 
 showed a bold front to the coa- 
 lition, and won the naval victo- 
 ries of Cynossema (411, the last 
 important event recorded by 
 Thucydides, viii. 104), Cyzicus 
 (410), and Argiuusae (4GG). 
 Immediately upon the loss of 
 the fleet without striking a blow 
 at Aegospotami (405), Athens 
 was closely invested by Lysan- 
 der. 
 
 Trap^aTTjcrav] ' were reduced to 
 submission.' There does not 
 appear to be another example 
 of this sense: but it answers 
 exactly to the transitive use of 
 Trapaarrjaaadai, so common in 
 Thucydides and found also in 
 Demosth. (i. Olynth. p. 14 § 18 
 "OXvvdov TrapaffTrjaerai), and is 
 noticed by the grammarians. 
 The gloss irapiaTTjaav iuiKricxav 
 in Bekk. Anecd. p. 28<J, 15, 
 found also with the addition of 
 \riixocrdivris in Etj'm. M. p. 653, 
 1, is corrected ivLKrj&Tjaav. The 
 subject oi trapicT-qcrav, asK. W. 
 
 notes, is TroXlrai implied in rrj 
 
 TToXfL. 
 
 Tov TTpos Aa/ceoai/xof/oi'S TroXe- 
 ixov} Sphodrias, the Spartan 
 harmost, made his unjusti- 
 fiable attempt to seize the Pei- 
 raeus in time of peace, and the 
 Spartans, on the demand of 
 Athens, brought him to trial 
 for this act of piracy. His con- 
 demnation was regarded as cer- 
 tain : but he was unexpectedly 
 acquitted by the influence of 
 Agesilaus. Athens immediately 
 allied herself with Thebes and 
 declared war against Sparta, 
 B.C. 378 (Grote, ch. 77, vii. 89): 
 and the whole period down to 
 the peace of May 371 , just before 
 the battle o"f Leuctra (Grote, 
 p. 145), is here included; no re- 
 gard being had to the abortive 
 i:)eace of 374, broken ofl' almost 
 as soon as it was made (id. 
 p. 123). As Benseler observes, 
 the Scholiast is wrong in limit- 
 ing it to the Corcyraean war oi 
 373 : for the main incident here 
 alluded to is the naval victory 
 of Chabrias off Naxos, whicla 
 opened the way for the corn- 
 ships to reach Athens and avert- 
 ed the danger of famine; and 
 this belongs to the earlier pe- 
 riod of the war (September 376). 
 The corn-ships were waiting at 
 Geraestus in Euboea, afraid to 
 double Cape Sunium while the 
 Saronic Gulf was commanded 
 by the Lacedaemonian fleet. 
 Xen. Hellen. v. iv. 61.
 
 p. 598.] nAPANOMDN. 23 
 
 kelO^ 7} TToXt?. tar 6p6/3ov^ 6vTa<i wviovi. eTreiSrj 
 5' air ear eiX are, eipr}vrj<; eTvy^ere oiroia^ tiv6<; j]/3ou- 
 
 i6 \eade. wcne SiKaiax;, O) dvSpe^ 'Adijvaloi, rrfKLKav- 
 rrjv i')(^ovau)V poirrjv ecf) eKcnepa rwv rpiTjpfov, rovTov 
 opov redeLKare rfj ^ovXrj, irorep avTrjv Sel Xa^elv rrjv 
 Sfopeiau i] ov. el yap iravra raWa StoLKTjcreie'^ Ka\oi)<i, 
 Bl rZv he TO T e^ ^PX^}? ravr exTTjaa/xeda Kol vvv 
 aco^o^ev, ravra^ firj TroLrjcraiTO, ra? TpnqpeL<i Xejco, 
 ov8ev €K€LVQ)v 6(f)e\o<i' T>/v yap rcov oXcov acoTTjpLav 
 TrpiijTOV V7rdp')(^etv Bet irapeaKevaa/xevrjv T&J By)pw. 
 ovro<i Tolvvv et? tovt €Xi]Xvde rov vop^lt^eiv avrco kuI 
 Xeyetv kuI ypd(f)eiv e^eivac irdv o ri dv /3ouXr)Tai, 
 axTTe ^e0ovXevKVLa<; fiev rdXX' ov rpoirov vp,ei<i 
 ciKovere rrj<^ ^ovXt]<;, ov ireiToir^fievri'^ Be rd<; Tpu'ipeL<i, 
 yeypa(f)ev Bovvat rrjv Bwpeidv. 
 
 17 Kai Tavra fiev w? ov rrapd rov vop,ov ecrriv, ovt 
 
 '" OioiKYjcrei Bens, cum STflkrs. 
 
 dpo^ovi ovras wvlovs] opo^oi TrapecrK€va(rfJL4v7]v t(^ 5ri/j.tx)] ^se- 
 
 ' vetch,' of which another form cured for the i^eople' K. And 
 
 is epi^-ivdo% 'chick-pea,' con- similarly Benseler's version. 
 
 tains the same root as Lat. eis tout' eXiqXvde rev vofii^eif] 
 
 ervum, Germ. Erhse. Curtius, The genitive after els tovto is 
 
 Etym. p. :-i46 = i. 429 E. T. — much more commonly a sub- 
 
 wviovs does not imply that they stantive than a verb ; we say els 
 
 were 'dear,'but simply 'exposed toPto ixavias, r6\/x7]s, dvaicrx*"^' 
 
 for sale :' G. H. Schaefer. In or- rlas. A parallel instance is how- 
 
 dinary times they were scarcely ever quoted from Plato, Meno 
 
 ref^arded as human food. 84 a, 'Ei/coeis aC, w 'Miv(i}v, ov 
 
 J K). opov TfOfiKare'] So 6poi ^<Triv rjO-q jiabi'^wv ode rod avafii- 
 
 Tu>v dyadQu Kai Kav6ves, 'tests p-v-qa KtcO ai, 'what advances 
 
 and standards of everything he has made in his power of 
 
 good,' de Cor. p. 3'24 § 2%. A recollection.' 
 
 slightly different sense in Mid. /3e/3oi'Xei'Aiw'aj] as in §§ 5, 9, 
 
 p. .54H § 105 'iva 6pov Oip.tvo^ ' discharged its functions.' 
 
 iravrl TpbTru) pie dveXflv. 'having §§ 17 — 20. Anticipation of 
 
 but one object in view,'=T^Xos. the defence that the senate was 
 
 t4s TpiTipeis X^yui] Cobet again not responsible for the d<>falca- 
 
 brackets, Mixr. (Jrit.p. r/Il. He tions of its Huhordinuti! ollici'i. 
 
 will not hear of stat<jmcnts being I ln'ur lioirerrrlluit the (Icfciiildiil 
 
 brought down to the level of the will urrje tinit the senate in not 
 
 meanest cajiacity: cf. § 11. to blame, hut that the treaKiirer
 
 24 
 
 KATA ANAPOTinNOS 
 
 [§1^- 
 
 av ovTO<i '^XOi Xiyeiv ov6 i'//.et9 TreLcdelrjTe' aKovo) 
 S' avrov TOcovTov epelv rtv ev vfjuv Xoyov, co? 
 ov^ rj ^ovXt] yiyov^ alria rov firj ireTTOirjadai rri? 
 vav<i, aX\ o twv rpt'rjpoTroidyv Ta/jiia<; (iTToBpd^ 
 (p')(€ro e^oyv irevB' i^fjLtrakavTa, Koi ro irpayub drv- 
 
 ofthe shipbuilders ranaioay loitli 
 two talents and a half, and the 
 thing has been a misfortune. To 
 this I reply, first, that it is not 
 usual to reward misfortunes: and 
 further, that he is advancing two 
 pleas which are mutually incon- 
 sistent. Androtionis onthe horns 
 of a dilemma. If the retoard has 
 not been given contrary to law, 
 lohat need is there of an excuse ? 
 By urging an excuse for the se- 
 nate, he in effect admits that the 
 laiv has been broken. But on 
 grounds of public policy it is 
 your duty to admit no excuses. 
 If you once begin a system of 
 admitting excuses, you tvill get 
 nothing done. Once more, I will 
 prove to you that the senate is 
 responsible for the failure to 
 build ships, for the defaulting 
 treasurer was the man of its own 
 choice. If it made a bad choice 
 it must take the consequences. 
 
 § 17. 6 tQv TpirjpoTToiwv ra- 
 pLlas] Blass has here intro- 
 duced TpLTjpoTTouKQi', s, word 
 found in inscriptions. It is true 
 that Tafiiai are more often 
 named in connexion with funds 
 {xprip-ara) than with persons; 
 e.g. Ta/miat rwv Trjs deov. But 
 we also find such phrases as 
 TafiiaL TTJs 0eov, rafxiai ttjs 'AOt]- 
 vas (Aristot. 'A^. ttoX. c. 47), 
 Tafiiai rod 5r)p.ov. The altera- 
 tion seems too arbitrary. 
 
 The name rpiripowoiol appears 
 to occur only liere, in Aristot. 
 'Ad. TToX. c. 40 and Pollux i. 84. 
 The office, however, is clearly 
 
 referred to in Aeschin. c. Ctes. 
 § 30 ; a passage which suggests 
 that they were chosen by the 
 tribes out of candidates nomi- 
 nated by the demes. Demo- 
 sthenes and Aristotle, on the 
 other hand, imply that tlie 
 choice rested with the Boi»X^. 
 We see from the text that the 
 Boulf? was responsible for their 
 honesty ; and probably they 
 were a committee of the Bou- 
 leutae themselves, one for each 
 tribe, though they may have 
 been a subordinate body. They 
 either chose their own treasurer 
 or had one chosen for them by 
 the Boul6, whose responsibility 
 for its delegated authority was 
 thus maintained. See Diet. 
 Antiq. s. V. Trieropoei and App. 
 p. 1072 b. The slight mention 
 of them in Hermann (Staatsal- 
 terth. §§ 126, 161) disappears 
 altogether in the corresponding 
 §§ of Thumser (86, 121). 
 
 The office existed at least as 
 early as the Peloponnesian war. 
 In C'. I. A. i. 77 and 78 we find 
 TPIEPOnOIOI, with the spell- 
 ing in use before 403 e.g. 
 
 uXfTo] Equivalent to atrtos 
 ^^z 6s (JjxeTo, a condensed expres- 
 sion like the opening words of 
 the speech, oirep EvKT-qp.coi'... 
 o'krai deTu. Funkhaenel com- 
 pares Mid. p. .584 § 218 ov yap 
 eK iroKiTLKrjs airias, ovd^ oiaTrep 
 ApiaTo(f)Qv cLTroSovs tovs cTTetpd- 
 vovs ^\v(r€ Trjv irpo^oK-qv, d\X' ef 
 vjipews...Kpii'eTaL and Aristocr. 
 p. 688 § 203. For examples
 
 p. 599.] 
 
 HAPANOMnN, 
 
 25 
 
 %77/ia avfil3€/3r]Kev. iy(o 8e Trpwrov fiev avro tovto 
 dav/jbd^co, el aT€(f)avovv eVl Tol<i )}TV')(^r}/j,evoL<; r}^lou 
 rrjv jSovkrjv rcov Karopdovfjbevwv 'yap €<y(oye r]>yovixriv 
 ep<ya>u rd^i TOiavTa<; dopiadai Ti,fj,d<;' eireira" KaKelv 
 18 ert ^ovXo/xaL (f)p(taai 7rpc<; vfia<i. ov (f)r}fjLt Slkulov 
 aval irepi a/j,(f)oli' Xeyeiv, koX to? ov irapd rov egg 
 vopLOv T) hoipeui SeSorai, Kal co<i ov Sid rrjv ^ovXrjv 
 
 " 5e om. Bens. Bl. 
 
 from Plato, see the Editor's note 
 (after Heindorf) on Protag. 341 a. 
 
 wivd' 7)ixiTd.\auTa\ ' Two and 
 a half talents,' as K. has rightly 
 given it in his Argument to this 
 speech : hut in liis text he trans- 
 lates 'four and a half,' which 
 would be TrefiTTTov rj ij.lt dXavrav. 
 Curiously enough, he has made 
 the same slip in pro Phorm. p. 
 956 § 38, as is there pointed out 
 by Dr Sandys. In so distin- 
 guished a scholar such oversights 
 are but an indication of the 
 haste with which he worked. 
 
 iwi Tois TfrvxriiJiivois] ' for mis- 
 fortune ' K., E. W., 'for this 
 failure ' Dobree, which at least 
 does more justice to the article. 
 So Benseler, 'seines Missge- 
 schicks halber.' I hardly think 
 that Androtion is ironically re- 
 presented asvotingacrown to the 
 senate /or (i.e. because of) their 
 misfortune; and prefer to render 
 'after such a fiasco,' or 'when 
 they had made such a mess of 
 it.' In other words, ^7ri expresses 
 here sequence in time rather 
 than causaHty: but in 15 6'J iiri 
 TO'uToiz...T€dvivai the causal no- 
 tion is more prominent. Paley 
 on Aescli. J^ers. 527 (Triaranat. 
 tiivuniir't^eipyacix^voii observes : 
 'In this exijrcHsion iirl does not 
 HO much signify ajtcr or conxe- 
 quent upon, as on or icitli, i.e. it 
 
 refers to the state of affairs at 
 thetimeof the action.' It would 
 be safer, I think, to say that iiri 
 may also mean 'on' or 'with.' 
 Demosth. i. Steph. p. 1126 § 81 
 Paley himself translates redvavai 
 iw' elpyaaixevoLS '[to be put to 
 death] for what you have done.' 
 
 ^ireiTa kclksiv' ^tl] The gram- 
 mars lay down the rule that 
 TTpuiTov fxiu is usually followed 
 by ^wiira without 5^ : and I 
 now follow Benseler's reading. 
 He has collected some curious 
 statistics on this point. ' Out of 
 97 places in Demosthenes where 
 ^ireiTa follows irpQirov fxiv or irpOi- 
 Tov, tliere is only one (Callicles 
 p. 1278 § 22) where all MSS. in- 
 sert 5^ after iiruTo., and only two 
 (the i^resent passage and Phae- 
 nipp. p. 1041 § 9) where it is 
 found in cod. r.' 
 
 § 18. irepi a.ti<f>olv'] Andro- 
 tion is made to plead at once 
 ' no excuse needed ' (because 
 the law has not been broken) 
 and ' a good excuse ' (because 
 the senate in their collective 
 capacity were not to blame). 
 The prosecution contends that 
 he must take his clioice between 
 the two lines of defence. In 
 English law it is no uncommon 
 thing to see a claim for dei)t 
 resisted by i)leas both of ' paj'- 
 ment ' and ' never indebted.'
 
 26 RATA ANAPOTIONOS [§§ 19, 20. 
 
 ovK et<Tiv at rptripei^. el /xev yap SiSovai koL fir} 
 irotrjaafjbevr) Trpoar/Kei, rl tovto Sec Xeyeiv, Be' ovriva 
 BiJTTOT ov TreTTOLTjvTai ; el 8' ovk e^eari, tl jxaXkov, 
 ov hcd Tov helv' 7} rov helv eTriSel^j] /xrj ireTroir}- 
 
 19 /xepaf, eKelvj} irpoai'JKe \aj3elv ; %&)/Jt? Se tovtcov 
 kfioiye SoKovaiv aipecriv vfilv ol toiovtoc Xoyoo Sc86- 
 vai, TTOTep ol'eaOe 8eiv irpo^dcrei'i koI \6yov<i aKoveiv 
 Twv d8tKovvTcov u/itt? T) vav<i KeKTrjaOai. el jxev yap 
 TOVTOv ravT diroBe^eaOe, ecrrai BrjXov dirdcrai,'^ ral<i 
 jSovX.al'i on Set Trpoc^aaiv TTLdavrjv e^evpelv irpo^ 
 vfid<i, ov')(l rpitjpei^ Trotrjaaadai' eK 8e tovtov rd 
 fxev '^p7]/jLaTa dvakwdn^aerai, vav^ S' ov-)^ e^ere vfjiel^. 
 
 20 edv 8\ ax; 6 vofxo^ \eyei kol Bel tou<; oixwjjbOKOTa'i, 
 iriKpwq Kai aTrXft;? t«? fxev Trpocjida-ea dveXrjre, 
 (f)avf]Te 8' d(f>T]pi]/jLevoi rr/v Bcopeidv on rdq vav<i ov 
 ireTroLrjvTaL, 7rdvre<i, w dv8pe<; W67]vatoi, TreTroirjfMeva's 
 vfitv TrapaBwaovcri rd'i rpi7]p€i<;, irdyra rdXXa irap 
 vfjuv eopuKoref acrOevecrrepa rov vo/xov yeyevrjfjbeva. 
 
 et 5' OVK ^^ecTTi] ' If {os is the no excuses are to be admitted. 
 f(ict) it is not lawful, why should tovtov tuvt' dvodeiecree] ' if 
 
 the senate have received its re- you are going to stand this 
 
 ward any the more, because An- from the defendant.' dTroSe'xe- 
 
 drotion can show that it was (rdai, to accept (1) a statement, 
 
 owing to this or that person and so to 'allow' a man to 
 
 that ships were never built? ' make it, (2) an opinion, and so 
 
 ei" oiy does not merely present the to 'agree.' The latter is the 
 
 alternative, as ei /xtj would have almost constant sense in Plato: 
 
 done, but inclines the balance see on Protag. 3'24 c, 337 c. 
 
 towards it. The phrase recurs Usually with the gen. of the 
 
 in Timocr. § 53. For irpoariKe, pei-son only : the ace. is added, 
 
 the force of which is preserved as here, iu'i. Aphob. p. 832 § 59 
 
 in the version above, there is ttiIs d-Kooe^affOal tl wpoiyffKei. 
 
 an ill-supported variant irpoa- tovtwv \ey6vTcov ; 
 TjKei, an easier reading doubt- § 20. ttlkpQs Kai dTrXuis] 'you 
 
 less due to a 'corrector.' Cf. proceed sternly and strictly to 
 
 § 23 wpoariKiv iirayyiWeiv ijfuv. overrule excuses and let it be seen 
 
 §19. From the legal question that you have withheld the re- 
 the speaker now turns to the ward,' K. dTrXis implies 'stand- 
 public interest, which will be ing no nonsense :' 'schlechtweg,' 
 best served by a general rule that Beuseler ; ' absolutely, ' K. W.
 
 p. 599.] 
 
 nAPANOMnN. 
 
 27 
 
 oTL To'ivvv ovh^ aiTio? aWo<i ovhe\<; dvdpcoTTcov [iarl] 
 Tov ixrj TreTTOiTjadai Ta<i vav<i, tovto aa(f)oo'i v/mIv 
 eTTiSei^co' dveXovaa yap [t] ^ovXtj] top vo/jlov, tovtov 
 i')(^eipoTovr}aev avrfj^. 
 
 ° avTTjv Bekk. Dind. 
 
 CLviKovaa yap t) /JodXtj] The 
 difficulty of this passage was 
 felt in ancient times. Hai-po- 
 cration and the writer in Bekk. 
 Anecd. p. 397 both notice the 
 various readings avr^ and av- 
 Trjv, the former further sus- 
 pecting that some words have 
 been lost (da-acpCis 5' avrov lx°''' 
 ros Kai eWeiTTuis, dWoi aWuis 
 e^TjyovvTai). The Scholiast Ul- 
 pian also points out that tovtov 
 may be joined with tov vbfxov, 
 or taken separately; and ex- 
 plains ix^^P^'''^"'']'^^ by eaTe(pd- 
 vw(X€. We are thus led to two 
 main lines of interpretation. G. 
 H. Schaefer, reading olOttiv, ex- 
 plains as follows: 'The senate, 
 when it set aside this law (that 
 the crown was dependent on 
 its having built ships as well 
 as discharged other duties) voted 
 itself guilty. Its conduct was 
 a proof, as the speaker says 
 just before, that it was aiVios 
 TOV 1X7] Trewoirja-dai rds i/aPs, for 
 otlierwise it would have laid 
 the blame upon the really guilty 
 person (the treasurer). This is, 
 in the main, the view of Funk- 
 haenel, of Martin Mohr in a 
 programme (Colon. 1845) spe- 
 cially devoted to this passage, 
 of Dindorf, and of Kennedy in 
 his translation and notes: and 
 they mostly agree in Kchaefer's 
 suggestion to read oi^ttj avr-qv. 
 But xf'po^'oi'e?!' can hardly mean 
 either to vote itself guilty or 
 to vote itself the crown, as the 
 Scholiast took it: and there is 
 something forced in tiie whole 
 
 sense of the passage thus under- 
 stood, hardly in keeping with 
 (Ta(pu>s iiridei^w. The other ex- 
 planation adopts the reading 
 avry, for which there is good 
 MS. authority, and separates 
 TOVTOV from TOV vopLov. Ben- 
 seler, partly following some of 
 the older commentators, trans- 
 lates thus: 'The senate (council), 
 which made the law null and 
 void, chose this man (the trea- 
 surer) for itself. ' In other words, 
 'I will prove to you the respon- 
 sibility of the senate : for this 
 very senate which acted thus 
 illegally had (previously) chosen 
 the defaulter for its treasurer 
 (and so was liable for his mal- 
 versation).' This at least pre- 
 serves the usual meaning of 
 XeipoToveTv, and is certainl}- pre- 
 ferable to the alternative ren- 
 dering, though not, I think, free 
 fromdifficult}- : the proper Greek 
 for 'Der liath, der das Gesetz 
 null und niehtig niachte' (Beu- 
 seler's version), would be 17 
 ^ov\r]i] a.v€\ov<7a t6v vo/xov. The 
 Scholiast and .Jerome Wolf ex- 
 plained TOVTOV ex(i-poT6vr]<j€v aii- 
 Trj ' chose Androtion for its 
 champion:' .Jurinus was the 
 first to refer tovtov to the trea- 
 surer. The Zuricli editors, in 
 deserting their favourite 2, 
 appear to have interpreted the 
 passage in much the same way 
 as Benseler ; Kennedy and Wins- 
 ton both think it corrupt : as 
 does Cobet, Mine. Crit. p. Ii22, 
 who suspects au extensive la- 
 cuna.
 
 28 
 
 KATA ANAPOTiriNOS [§§ 21, 22. 
 
 21 
 
 ' En roivvv iirt'^eLpel Xeyeiv irepi rov Tr)<i kratpri- 
 cre&)9 i/o/iof, fij? v/3pi^ofi€V T^/iet? koI j3\aaj)riixla<; ovy^i 
 7rpo(T7]/covaa<; Kar avrov irotovfMeOa. kuI ^tjctI helv 
 i]ixa<i, elrrep iiricrTevo/jiev elvat ravr dXrjdfj, irpo'i 
 Tovi 6eap,odeTa<; diravrav, Xv eKet irepl ')(^l\l(Sv ckiv- 
 ovvevo/jiev, el Kara^jrevBofjievoL ravr e^aivofieda' vvv 
 
 §§ 21—24. Androtion's ex- 
 pected defence to the charge of 
 profligacy. He will smj that all 
 this is mere insult and calumuij : 
 that if we believed in the truth 
 of the charges we ought to Jiave 
 raised the question directly hij 
 an impeachment for immorality, 
 so as to risk a thousand drachmas 
 in case we ivere proved to be 
 false accusers. We reply on 
 both points: first, we do not 
 merely accuse, we are prepared 
 to prove. Proof must in some 
 cases rest upon circumstantial 
 evidence, or upon probabilities, 
 not on ocular demonstration, but 
 ours is not one of these cases; 
 ive have a luitness furnished icith 
 documentary evidence and who 
 has made himself responsible for 
 his testimony. And secondly, 
 we mean to bring such an im- 
 peachment in due course; but 
 we are within our rights in now 
 referring to the law. For the 
 question is predominantly one of 
 illegality: and ice show, with 
 perfect propriety, that you have 
 not only moved an unlawful 
 decree, but led an unlawful life. 
 
 § 21. Tov TTJs eTaLprjcrecos v6- 
 ixov] As Androtion was un- 
 doubtedly acquitted (Timocr. g 
 8), we may hope that this odious 
 charge was without foundation. 
 Aeschines procured the con- 
 demnation of Timarchus on a 
 ypacpri (Taiprjijews, and so ' put 
 out of the way ' (dvriprjKe, De- 
 mosth. F. L. g 2) one of his 
 
 principal accusers in the matter 
 of the Embassy. The substance 
 of the law is given in Timarch. 
 §§ 19, 20, and what professes 
 to be the text of it, really com- 
 piled from the two preceding 
 sections, in § 21. As regards 
 the penalty, the orator's vague 
 expression to, fi^yicrTa iwiTifxM 
 eirid-qKev is there particularised 
 into davcLT^} ^Tjfuoijadw. Timar- 
 chus, however, seems only to 
 have been disfranchised (De- 
 mosth. F. L. p. 423 § 257—291 ; 
 of. Aeschin. c. Tim. § 1.34). 
 That such cases belonged to the 
 jurisdiction of the Thesmo- 
 thetae we know only from the 
 present passage. It is to be 
 observed that the action did not 
 lie against the exercise of public 
 functions, political or religious, 
 by those who had been guilty of 
 it. Of. Diet. Antiq. s. v. He- 
 taireseos Graj^he. 
 
 Lv' e/cei Trepl x'^'wi* €KLv8wev- 
 0/j.ep] For the final conjunc- 
 tions iVa, ws, Sttws with past 
 tenses of the indicative, see 
 Madvig's Synt. § 131: Good- 
 win, Moods and Tenses, § 44, 3: 
 and a note on Protag. 335 c. 
 So below § 28 IV iKivduveves 
 Trepl x'^'wi'. Timocr. § 48 iv' 
 iddKCLi. On this penalty for 
 frivolous prosecutions, compare 
 further § 26 diraye- iv x'Aiais 
 5' 6 kIvZvvos and note on to 
 TrifXTTTov fiepos, above § 3. — iKei 
 = m that court, before the 
 Thesmothetae.
 
 p. 600.] 
 
 nAPANOMHN. 
 
 29 
 
 Se (fievaKi^eiv alrta^; koX Xochopia^ xeva^ Troiov^evovi, 6oO 
 2 2 KaX evo')(\elv ov St.Kaaral'i tovtwv ovaiv vfjuv. iyo) 
 8' olfiai Self vixas irpMTov fxev eKelvo Xoyl^eaOai 
 Trap' vfiZv avToc^, on irdfi'rroK.v XoiSopia re kul 
 alria Ke')(^copL(Tixivov earlv iXiy^^^ov. alria fjuev 'yap 
 iariv, orav ri^ yjriXM 'y^pr]aa/jLevo<i Xoyw /jl7j irapa- 
 a-^rjTai iriaTiv aiv Xeyei, eA,e7%o<? Si, orav eiirrf rL<i 
 Kal Td\7}6e<; o/xov Bet^r]. ecrri roivvv dvdyKri roi/? 
 e\ey')(OVTa^ r] T€KfJ,7]pca heiKVVvai, St' wv ifK^aviouai 
 TO TTicTTov vfilv, tj rd cIkotu (f}pd^€i,v, rj fxdpTvpa<i 
 irapex^crdai' ov ydp olov r eviwv avroTrTw; '' eazL 
 KaraaTrjaai, aXV dv iirtSetKvvr} rt? rt Tovroiu, 
 
 P v/xds add. Bekk. Dind. cum ceteris praeter S. 
 
 f(paiv6/j.€da] Joined to a parti- 
 ciple, should be translated ' were 
 proved to be' false accusers: 
 not 'were thought,' or 'appear- 
 ed.' 
 
 § '22. TTpOrov fM^] Introduc- 
 ing the answer to Androtion's 
 first objection, tliat there was 
 no foundation for these charges. 
 The corresponding iirnTa, as 
 G. H. Schaefer notices, is im- 
 plied in orav 5' oti. 7rp6s tops 
 deafiodiras Trpoff^/cec e7ra77eX- 
 Xeic, the transition to his se- 
 cond objection. 
 
 tirau Tis \f/i\<2 xpTjcrd/uevos X6- 
 -/v] 'When a man makes a 
 bare statement without furnish- 
 ing any grounds for believing 
 him : ' ' I. Aphob. p. 830 § 54 
 ^(Xi^ \6ytf) xP'^faMfos '»'S Tri.<TTev- 
 0rj(T6fjL€voi 5t' iKeivwv. S(j in Plat. 
 Phaedr. 2V>'2 c \pi\Qs ttcos X^yo- 
 /xfv, ovK ?x<"''''fs 'iKava TrapaSdy- 
 /xara, where Thompson gives 
 otlier meanings of ^iXds X670S 
 in Plato, e.g. Theiiet. 165 a \I/l- 
 \u)v X6>w;'=: abstract dialectics, 
 but in Laws 11. 069 i> \6yoi 
 \f/i\oi are ' prose,' as distin- 
 
 guished from metrical compo- 
 sition. 
 
 irlaTiv d}v 'Keyei] iriaTLv is 
 here any sort of proof or evi- 
 dence, including T€Kfj.r\pia, eiKb- 
 ra, iJ.apTvpa%, and distinct from 
 TO TTiaTov below = • credibility.' 
 Demosthenes' Te/v^r;ptoi', 'circum- 
 stantial evidence,' is of course 
 quite different from Aristotle's 
 'certain or necessary sign' (Rhet. 
 I. 2 § 1(5, with Cope's Introduc- 
 tion, p. Itjl). For eiKOTa, com- 
 pare Cic. de luv. i. 29 (4(5) : 
 Prubabile autem est id, quod 
 fere solet fieri, aut quod in opi- 
 nione positum est, aut quod 
 habet in se ad haec ciuiindani 
 similitudinem, sive id falsum 
 est sive verum. 
 
 aiirdvTas ecrri /caracTTTjo-ai] 
 This is certainly one of the 
 places where MS. li alone out- 
 weighs the authority of all 
 the rest. To say that iri some 
 cases the jury could not be 
 nmdo eye-witnesses is little 
 better tlmn nonsense: theniean- 
 ing of coiirso is, tliat in some 
 cases (lie might have said ttoX-
 
 30 KATA ANAPOTIONOS [% 23—25. 
 
 iKavov vofil^eT e\e<yx^>v e;^etf uyu-et? elK6ro)<i rrjt; dXt]- 
 -3 6eia<; eKaarore. r)fi€L<i roivvv ovk €k Xo'ycov eiKorcov 
 ovSe^ reKfjuqpldiv, aWd Trap' ov fJunXiara Siktjv ecm 
 Xa^elv [rouTfti], tovt eTriSeUvv/xev, dvSpa irapea-'xr}- 
 KOTa ypa/xfiaTeloi^, ev w rd tovtm ^e^cwpAv evecrriv, 
 09 avTov virevdvvov iroirjaaf; /xaprvpel ravra. axrd^ 
 OTav fxev XotSoptav ravra nal alrlav elvac (pfj, vtto- 
 XafxjBdved^ ai<i ravra fiiv icrrcv eXeyxot;, a S' ovro<; 
 TToiel, ravra Xothopia Kal alria' orav S' on irpof; 
 T0U9 6e(Tfjbodera<i Trpoarj/cev eTrayyeXXeiv r/fiiv, eKetvo 
 VTroXa/x/Savere, on Kal rovro iroirjaoixev Kal vvv 
 
 '1 oi'5' eK Z Bekk. cum Uhris praeter S, 
 
 \u)v for iviiav) ocular demonstra- 
 tion is altogether impossible. 
 
 § 23. OLK-qV 'icTTL \a^eiV TOVTC(i\ 
 
 The argument here is well illus- 
 trated by Arist. Rhet. i. 15 
 § 17. The side which has eUbra 
 but no witnesses is there recom- 
 mended to urge that probabili- 
 ties cannot be bribed to deceive 
 the judges, or convicted of false 
 witness {tl/evdo/j.apTvpiQi') : the 
 side which has witnesses, while 
 the other side has not, to argue 
 that probabilities are not re- 
 sponsible (liable to trial and 
 penalty) like witnesses, and 
 therefore less to be trusted (^- 
 
 XOVTl Si TTpbs /J.T] ^XOVTa, OTl ovx 
 
 virbbiKa to. eUoTa, Kal on ovdiv 
 dv ^5eL /xapTvpiQv, el to, etV6ra 
 LKavbv 7)v dewpriaaL). Diodorus 
 has a witness, &■; avrbv vwevdwov 
 TTOirjcras fiapTvpel ravra, i.e. is 
 liable to a ypa<p7j ^pevdofiaprv- 
 piQv. Cross-examination, in the 
 modern sense, was little prac- 
 tised in the Athenian courts : 
 wi-itten evidence {■ypap./j.ardov 
 here) was preferred to oral. 
 
 avopa TrapeaxVKbra ypafx/xarel- 
 ov] The construction here is 
 
 scarcely grammatical, and Bek- 
 ker, with the proviso ' si quid 
 mutandum,' suggests dv8pds irap- 
 ecrxVKoroi. But G. H. Schaefer 
 well observes, in a note which 
 contains a lesson often needed 
 by conjectural critics: 'Viden- 
 dum tamen ne hoc pacto nou 
 libraiios sed ipsum scriptorem 
 corrigamus, qui fortasse haec 
 verba, quum referre deberet ad 
 Trap' ov, rettulit ad verbum 
 l^roxime antecedens eiridelKvv- 
 fxev cuiusmodi inflexiones con- 
 structionis uotandae, non cor- 
 rigendae videntur.' 
 
 a 5' ovros Troiet] To be under- 
 stood, I think, of A.'s charges 
 against Euctemon and Diodo- 
 rus ; not, with Reiske and Din- 
 dorf, of his rejjelliug the accu- 
 sations against himseK. The 
 latter could hardly be called 
 Xoidopia Kal alria. 
 
 TrpoaTJKev ewayyeWeiv] 'We 
 ought to have proceeded by way 
 of denunciation ' {eirayyeXla 
 § 29). 
 
 ■7rpocr7)K6vru}s wepl rod voixov^ 
 ' That we are properly referring 
 to the law' against iralpyjais.
 
 p. 601.] nAPANOMON. 31 
 
 24 7rpoar]KovTCO<; irepX rod vo/xov \iyo/u,€v. el /mev ynp 
 aWov TLva aywv aycovL^ofjievov crov ravra Karr)- 
 yopovfj,ev, SiKatco^; av 7]yavdKTei<;' el 8' /juev vvv 
 ivea-rrjKcb'i dycov iart irapavofxcov, 01 vo/ioi S' ovic 
 euxTL Xeyeiv ovhe rd evvo/xa toi)«? outco /3e^tcoK6Ta<;, 
 r]fiel^ 8' eTTiSeiKw/jiev ov /xovov elprjKor avrbv irapd- 
 vo/xa, dWd Kol ^e^iWKora \TTapav6fi(os:\ ttw? ou^t 60 1 
 Trpoa-rjKet \eyetv irepl tovtov tov vo/xov, Si' ov ravr 
 
 iXeyx^Tcti' ! 
 
 25 Kal firjv KdKelvo ye hel fiaOelv v/xd<f, on tov<; 
 vo/j-ovi o ri6el<; tovtov; ^oXcov Kal twv dWwv tov<; 
 iroWov^, ouSev h/xoiof; cov tovtw [vo/u,o6eT7)<i], ov'X^ eV 
 e'Sw/ce"" TpoTTov irepl twv dScKTjfMdToyv eKdaTcov Xafi- 
 jSaveiv Slktjv toI<; ^ovXofMevoi<; irapd tcov dhiKovvTOiv, 
 aWd 7roXXa^ft;9. y^et ydp, ol/j,ai, tovB\ otl T01/9 
 
 "■ 5i5wKe Bens, cum flkst et edd. vett. 
 
 §24. et — ovK edai] ovk idv a case of impiety. It is for the 
 is a single notion = ct7ra7op€(/€£»', accused to prove his innocence, 
 and therefore ov regularly fol- not to dictate the mode of pro- 
 lows ei. Comp. on § 18 ei S' cedure against him. In like 
 oiiK l^effTi. manner, Androtio7i, don't im,a- 
 
 ravra] 'This criminality' of ijine tintt you are to escape 
 
 Androtion's. |j(/7ii.v /»;(<'«< because we have 
 
 §§ 2.5 — 29. But once more, brought a ypa(pT)Trapav6 fxwv when 
 
 that we ougitt to have proceeded we might have laid an iirayye- 
 
 against him in one way, and \La : if we forbear to prosecute 
 
 not in another, is contrary to you in all the ways which the 
 
 the whole spirit of Athenian laws allow, he thankful to us 
 
 legislation. The law allows a for those loc omit, 
 
 variety of remedies for every § 25. 6 rivets] An imperfect 
 
 sort of wrong : some by criminal participle, as is shown by IdcoKe 
 
 prosecution, others again byway and fjoei following. 
 
 of civil action: and this because ovoev Of^oioi uu tovtcj} vo^odl- 
 
 men vary so mxich in their power rrjs] This sarcasm recurs Ti- 
 
 of taking care of themselves. mocr. §§ lO.S, lOG. iJomp. 
 
 Take, for example, the different below § 73, fin. o/j.oioi' ye, ov 
 
 modes of redress open to a man ydp ; i. Steph. p. 1118 § 50 
 
 who has been robbed; or the of^oioi yt 6 Aeivlas. 
 various ways of prosecuting in
 
 32 
 
 KATA ANAPOTinNO:S [§§ 26, 27. 
 
 iv Tj) TToXei T7(ivra<i o/ubolovi^ 'yeveadat r) Setvoix; i] 
 Opa(Tei<i i) ^erpiovi ovk av elrj. el fxev ovv, &)? rot? 
 fierpioL^ hiKrjv e^apKeaei XajBelv, ovtco toi/? i>6/jlov<; 
 6r]aeL, jxer aheiwi eaeaOao iroWovi nrovqpov^i rjyelro, 
 el 8' fo)9 Tol<; Opaaeai koX Suvarol'i Xejeiv, tovi? 
 lSicoTa<i ov SvvijaeaOao tov avTov TOVTOt<; rpoirov 
 !6 Xa/bL^dveiv Blktjv. Selv S' wero firjSev dirocrrepeladai, 
 
 " dfjioiuis Bens. Dind. 
 
 deivovs] ' Clever,' = dwarols 
 \eyew, below: joined with 0pa.- 
 avs also in § 31. Comp. the 
 fuller expression ovtujs w dpa- 
 crvs /cat Xeyeiv dfivos, § (36. In 
 all these passages we have kclI, 
 not 17 : and Cobet approves of 
 Dobree's conjecture o/xoLcos dei- 
 vovs Kai dpaaeis, omitting 77 /xe- 
 Tplovs. In Eurip. Baccb. 270-1, 
 dpacrvs 8e Bwaros /cat Xeyeiv 
 oTos T dvrjp, dvfards can hardly 
 be anything but a gloss on oUs 
 re : and Badham ingeniously 
 conjectures dpacrvs 5' ev darois. 
 Plato is fond of joining ao(pbs 
 /cat Seti'o's : see on Protag. 341 b. 
 Opposed to BeLvovs 77 dpaaeis, ixi- 
 T/jtos includes both intellect, 
 'simple, i;nsophisticated,' and 
 temper, ' quiet, well-behaved. ' 
 On ididjT-qs, 'the layman,' as dis- 
 tinguished from the member of 
 a learned profession or the spe- 
 cialist (iTratu}i>), here of course 
 the man unversed in public 
 speaking, opposed to dwaroos 
 Xeyeiv, cf. Protag. 31'2b, Thomp- 
 son on Grorg. 455 b. 
 
 § 26. A locus classicus on 
 Attic procedure in case of felony 
 (KaKovpyLa), deserving a careful 
 comparison with the vofxoi k\o- 
 TTTJs K.T.X. in Timocr. § 105, 
 and the orator's account in the 
 same speech, §§ 113, 114. It is 
 to be observed, however, that 
 
 the first -named passage as an 
 'inserted document' is greatly 
 inferior in authority to the 
 words of Demosthenes himself 
 in the two latter §§. Compare 
 Diet. Aiitiq. s.v. Clopes Dike. 
 
 The democratic spirit of 
 Athenian legislation aimed at 
 effecting a real equality of rich 
 and poor before the law, by the 
 variety of remedies it jirovided 
 against the wrong-doer ; and 
 further, as we learn from the 
 present passage, sought to neu- 
 tralise the advantages of bodily 
 strength, pugnacity and readi- 
 ness of speech. 
 
 We find here (1) aTrayujyri, 
 (2) ecpriyriais, (3) ypacpr} or pub- 
 lic indictment, (4) diKt) or a 
 private suit for restitution of 
 the stolen goods with compen- 
 sation. To these might have 
 been added evSet^ty which, 
 though properly an 'informa- 
 tion' against one who, being 
 drip.os, obtained an office or 
 usurped a right from which he 
 was disqualified, was likewise 
 used in a more general sense 
 (cf. Schoemanu, Assemblies, p. 
 177). For fuller details the stu- 
 dent is necessarily referred to 
 Diet. Antiq. s. vv. : we may 
 here indicate the main distinc- 
 tions between these several pro- 
 cesses. In dwayuyri the com-
 
 p. 601.] 
 
 HAPANOMnN. 
 
 33 
 
 rov 8iKT]<; TV)(elv, 6i<i eKuaTO^ hvvarai. tto)? ovv 
 earai rouro ; eav 7roWd<; 6801)9 8S 810. twv vofjLWV 
 eirl Tov'i rjhiKrjKOTa'^, olov t?;? /cXott?;?. eppaxjac Kal 
 aavTO) TTKneveL'i' arra'y, iv 'X^iXiaa 8' 6 Kiv8vvo<i. 
 acr6eveaTepo<i el' rot^ cipyovaLV icprjyov' tovto ttouJ- 
 27 aovaiv eKeivoL. (f)o/3el Kal tovto' jpd(fiou. kutu- 
 fMe/jiSei aeavTov Kal irevr}'^ wv ovk dv e'^oi'^ '^i\ia<^ 
 eKTelcrai' 8LKd^ov KXoTri]^ tt/Oo? 8ia(,T7)Ti]v, Kal ov 
 
 plainant took upon himself the 
 responsibility of the arrest with- 
 out previous legal steps, and 
 incurred the risk of resistance 
 and of forfeiting 1000 drach- 
 mas. In i<p7]y7icns the proceed- 
 ings were still summary, though 
 less so than in the former case : 
 the prosecutor applied first to 
 the magistrate and conducted 
 him and his officers to the spot 
 where the capture was to be 
 effected. In evoei^Ls a written 
 information (also called ^i/5et^is) 
 was laid before the magistrate, 
 whose duty it then became to 
 arrest or hold to bail the ac- 
 cused. 
 
 The 51x7} or private action was 
 not necessarily before a Diaete- 
 tes as in the text ; it might also 
 be before a court {Diet. Antiq. 
 
 Tois apxovaiv €(p7)yov] Accord- 
 ing to the usual meaning of 
 rtyel(jdai\y\t\\ a dative, 'guide' 
 the magistrates ' or ' show them 
 the way' to the spot. The term 
 apxi^" is not limited to the nine: 
 i<prjyri(ns might be carried out by 
 the Thesmothetae, or still more 
 frequently by the Eleven (ol 
 (vdeKa). 
 
 § 27. KaranifJitptL aeavrov] 
 The sense of ' blaming' or ' find- 
 ing fault with' passes into that 
 of 'distrusting' or 'feeling a 
 want of confidence.' So in the 
 
 youthful oration in. Aphob. 
 p. 8-44 § 1 he says KaTWKvow av 
 rrjv ifiavToO KaTafiiti<p6iJ.ivos i]\i- 
 dav. In Eurip. Hec. 885, 1184 
 the simple verb ^€fj.<po/j.aL bears 
 the same meaning : but in Hel. 
 '61 "Hpa oe /j.€iJ.<pdeia ovv€k' ov 
 viKq. diOLi it is ' dissatisfied, 
 disappointed,' a somewhat dif- 
 ferent sense. 
 
 StatTTyTrjc] In a S^kt; kKotttis 
 only the jniblic arbitrators ap- 
 pointed by lot {kXtjpuitoI) can be 
 intended: the private arbitra- 
 tors chosen by mutual agree- 
 ment between the parties {aipe- 
 Tol), and implying a more or 
 less friendly suit, are not to be 
 thought of. On the whole sub- 
 ject of the Diaetetae see Diet. 
 Antiq. s.v. The question of 
 their number still remains 
 doubtful, notwithstanding re- 
 cent discussions. If, as is most 
 likely, all who had completed 
 59 years served as diairriral for 
 one year, tlieir sixtietli, it would 
 be indefinite, like the number 
 of Areopagites. Cf. Aristot. 
 'A^. TToX. c. 53 § 4, with Sandys' 
 note; Diet. Antiq. Appendix 
 s.vv. Diaetetae, Eponymi. 
 
 T^s do-e^eios] The list here 
 given docs not exhaust all the 
 forms of prosecution for this 
 off(!nce. Besides dTra7W7Tj and 
 d(rf,'iftos ypa(pri, the accuser 
 HI igh t proceed by ^^/Ofi^ts ( Andoc. 
 
 \V. \).
 
 34 
 
 RATA ANAPOTinNOS [§§27—29. 
 
 KLvhvvev(Tei'i. ^rovroyv ovSev icrrt ravro. Trj<i acre- 
 ^eiwi Kara raur ecmv dird'yeiv, •ypdcpecrOaL, Scko,- 
 ^ecrdai 7rp6<; EJ/u.oX,7rtSa9, (j)aiv€iv'' Trpo'i rov /SaaiXea. 
 rrepl rwv aWwv cnrdvTwv rov avrov rpoirov a-x^eBov. 
 28 el Bt] Tt? 0)9 fxev ov')(l KaK0vp'y6<i eVrt fir} XSyot, rj &>? 6o2 
 OVK acre/3?;?, i} n hr^iror etrj 3' o KplvoLro, Bid ravra 
 S' eK(f)ev'y6LV d^ioirj, el /uuev d7rrj<yfjLevo<i eirj, Blotl irpoq 
 BianrjTrjv e^nv avrm \a-)(^elv Kal <ypd(f>eadai XPV^> ^^ 
 
 ' Z Bekk. [ovB^repov jSoi^Xe: tovtwv ; ypa<pov. naroKveh Kal Tavr-qv ; 
 i<f>rjyov] cum Ubris. 
 
 " Ita Bl. e coni. Weilii : <j>p6.^eiv cett. 
 
 de Myst. § 8 and passivi), wpo- 
 fioXr) (Libaii. AiKum. Mid. p. 
 509), or eiaayyeXia (Andoc. de 
 Myst. § 43). Of the latter class 
 was the indictment of Alcibi- 
 ades, preserved by Plutarch Al- 
 cib. 22 (ela-TTryfi-^ei') : compare 
 Grote ch. 58 (v. 183). The two 
 other courses, biKa^eadaL -rrphs Ei5- 
 fMoXnidas and (ppd'^eiv ivpbs tov 
 ^aaiXea, are mentioned only in 
 the present passage. It may 
 safely be assumed that the 
 latter was a device, like those 
 just referred to in the case of 
 K\oTrri, for the protection of the 
 diffident accuser: by denounc- 
 ing an act of impiety to the 
 king-archon, he might escape 
 responsibility for himself, and 
 leave it to that magistrate to 
 take up the charge or not. 
 Funkhaenel {Prolefjo)ii. p. 27) 
 seems right in explaining (ppd- 
 i'eivus a fit'Z((f/o merely, not, with 
 Meier, as anactio: the correction 
 is accepted by Lipsius, p. 3i9, 
 but there does not appear to be 
 any other example of (ppa^eLv, 
 ^pdaa in the legal sense of 
 (palveiv, (pdcns : and Weil's cor- 
 rection (based on a hint in the 
 Schol.) is undoubtedly right. 
 It is clear also that diKd^ecrOai 
 
 irpbs ^vfioXviSas applied to the 
 profanation of the Eleusinian 
 mysteries, of which the family 
 of the Eumolpidae were here- 
 ditaiy guardians. Caillemer 
 further conjectures that the 
 action of the Eumolpidae was 
 confined to ' spiritual censures ' 
 (des peines religieuses, telles 
 que I'exclusion des myst^res ou 
 la privation du titre d'initie, 
 sans influer sur I'etat civil et 
 politique du coupable) ; and that 
 the other sacred family, the 
 Kerykes, possessed the same 
 authority (ap. Daremberg and 
 Saglio, s.v. Asebeias Graphs ). 
 That the two processes might 
 become practically identical 
 appears from a scholium quoted 
 by Dindorf : 6 yap jSaaLXevs 
 ewep.e\eLTO tu>v iepwv Trpay/j-drwu 
 Kai eTrrjye rds t^s d(76/3ei'as ypa<pas 
 Trpos Toi>s Ey/xoX7ri5as. An im- 
 portant passage on the Eumol- 
 pidae is Lys. c. Andoc. § 10 : 
 the laws, of which they were the 
 €^T)yr)Tal or expounders, were 
 unwritten, and of immemorial 
 antiquity. 
 
 § 28. Trpos SiaLTriTr]v — Xaxeii'] 
 sc. SiKrjv, expressed in Neaer. 
 p. 1378 § 98 oi IlXaratets Xay- 
 Xdvovcri dlKrjv rois AaKeSaifiovLois
 
 p. 602.1 
 
 nAPANOMnX. 
 
 35 
 
 8k 7rpo9 BiatTrjTfj (t)€V'yoi, otl XP^^ ^' aTrdyeiv, Xv 
 eKivSvveve^ irepi ^tXtcoy, <yeX(i)<; av eirj hi'j'TrovOev. ov 
 'yap Tov 76 fMrjSev TreTroirjKora Sec irepl rov rpoTrov 
 ovTiva XP") SiSovai 8tKr)v dvTiXeyeiv, dXX' o)? ov ire- 
 29 TTOLTjKev €7n8eiKvvvai. rov avrov 8t] rpoTrov, W.v8po- 
 TLWV, Kal av fjit) Slo, ravr ol'ov croc TrpocrrJKeiv fit) 
 SiSovai Slktjv, el ypd(f)eL<; r)Taipr]Koo<i, on koI 7rp6<; rovi^ 
 0ea-/j.o6era^ ead' rjp.lv iirayyeXla' dX)C t) hel^ov ov 
 ireTTOLrfKora ravra cravrov, 17 Slktjv virex <ji>v yeypa- 
 0a? Ti TOLOVToq wv' OV ydp e^eari, aoi. el 8e ere p-rj 
 7rdvTa<i, ocTov; ^01 vop^oi SLSoacri, rpoirov^ Tip,a)povp,eda, 
 T^apti/ rjp.LV (OV 7rapaX€L7rop,ev iKelvcov e^e, p.r) 8id 
 ravT d^iov p.i]8eva rpoirov 8ovvaL^' 8iKT]v. 
 
 ^ oiooaatv ol v6fj.0L Blass cinii k. 
 ^ Qovvai Tpbwov Bens, cum 2. oovvai [rpoTroc] Blass. 
 
 et's Tov% ' AfKptKTvovas : more 
 usually omitted, as here and 
 Mid. p. 554 § 120. In Nausim. 
 p. 985 §§ 1, 2 we have both 
 phrases within a few lines : adv. 
 Everg. et Mnesib. p. 1160 § G9 
 the construction is the same as 
 here, irpbi tov /SaaiXea fiij Xay- 
 xdveiv. Funkhaenel, who col- 
 lects these passages, wrongly 
 adds to them 11. Steph. p. 1136 
 § 2.3 vuwv Tovs Xaxwras where 
 it is used of the jury, not the 
 prosecutor. 
 
 irpds oiairrp-^ (pevyoL] The 
 chanj^e of case after wpbs should 
 be noticed. Tlie reading of two 
 infori<jr MSS. oiaiT-rjTrjv could 
 only mean 'Hy for refuge to' an 
 arbitrator : the sense required 
 is, 'if he were defending an 
 action before' an arbitrator. 
 
 Xv' (Kiv5vi>(u(i] § 21, note. 
 
 rdv '/( /j.rjSiv 7re TroiiyKAra] Indefi- 
 nitely, ''(/(/' wlio has done no- 
 thing' wrong : and ho = 'thede- 
 fendant, if he be innocent.' 
 
 § 29. el ypdcpeis r]TaiprjKu)s'\ ' if 
 you move decrees {-ipy^cpia ixara) 
 after having committed infa- 
 mous crime,' K. The distinction 
 between ypanpiiv and ypa.<pe(Ttfai 
 is important in these four §g. 
 
 evayyeXloL] Diet. Antiq. s. v. 
 and compare § 23 ivayyeWeiv. 
 
 uv yiy pa<f)ds ri] A mixed con- 
 struction, expressing that A. 
 deserved punishment(l) for what 
 he had proposed(because illegal) , 
 (2) for proposing anything at all 
 (because disqualified). MS. ^ 
 has here preserved (with one 
 other) the more difficult but un- 
 doubtedly true reading ; the mass 
 of infericn- copies give ei yiypa- 
 <pdi Ti, which expresses only (2). 
 Cobet's correction, iLv y4ypa<pas 
 omitting TL, expres.ses only (1), 
 and has not the merit of inge- 
 nuity. Comj). § 33 ovK ewfra 
 ypacpuv ai, ovo' a to?s aWois 
 l^effTi, rbv ubfiov. 
 
 wv napoKeliroixfv tV-eiVa^f ] Not 
 = iKuv(j)v uv irapaXfiTTo/xfv, but 
 
 3—2
 
 86 
 
 KATA ANAPOTinNOS [§| 30— 32 
 
 30 "A^cov Toivvv, w avBpe<i 'AdrjvaioL, Kol tov Oevra 
 rov vofiov i^erdaat ^oXcova, Kal dedaaadai oarjv 
 irpovoiav eirotelro ev ciTraaiv ol'i enOet vo/MOt<; rr}'} 
 iroXtreia^, Kal ocrw irepl tovtov /j,aWov eajrovSa^ei' 
 rj irepl rov 7rpdjfiaTo<;^ ov Tideirj tov vofjbov. TroWa- 
 ^odev fxev ovv av ra 1801 rovro, ovy^ ijKLCTTa 8' e'/c 
 rovTov rov vofiov, fir^re Xeyeiv fiijre <ypd(f)6iv e^elvai 
 T0t9 rjraiprjKocrcv. eiopa yap eKelvo, otl rol<i ttoXXoI's 
 v/jlcov i^ov Xeyeiv ou Xeyere, &are rovr ouSev rjyelro 
 I3apv, Kal TToXV dv et^ei', et ye KoXd^ecv e/3ovXero 
 
 31 TovTOv<i, 'X^aXeirwrepa Oelvai. dXX" ou rovr eairov- 
 
 ^ Trpdy/jLaros avrov Z Bekk. 
 
 'be thankful for all that we 
 omit, out of those (possible) 
 ways : ' eK rod eKelvuiv tQv rpowcov 
 dpcd/j-ou, Eeiske. 
 
 §§ 30—32. Conclusion of the 
 argument on the lawof eratpT/ffis. 
 Motive of the legislator in en- 
 acting it. The autlior of this 
 laic teas thinking tnucli more of 
 the constitution than of the im- 
 mediate subject of any laio that 
 heivasjxissing. If he had wished 
 to 2)iinis]t such men, he might 
 have devised many severer penal- 
 ties ; and he thought it no hard- 
 ship to silence them, for most of 
 you A thenians, who are at lihertg 
 to move decrees, do not avail 
 yourselves of the privilege, hut he 
 felt that men of immoral lives 
 could not be well affected to the 
 democratic constitution ; they 
 icould naturally prefer an oli- 
 garchy, ichere it is not allowable 
 to speak ill of the i-ulers. His 
 object loas, therefore, to prevent 
 such persons from corrupting the 
 jJeople and bringing it down to 
 their oivn level : or from betray- 
 
 ing it into blundering counsels. 
 
 § 30. e^eraffai SoXw^'a] 'to 
 look into the character of S.' 
 The revered name of Solon is as 
 usual attached to democratic 
 legislation, which must really 
 have dated from the time of 
 Cleisthenes or Pericles. 
 
 T^s TToXire/as] Harpocration : 
 IloXtreta I'Stois eiwdaai xpW^'t' 
 ol prjTOpes iwl rrjs dTjaoKparlas. 
 Sometimes ' republics ' generally 
 as opposed to arbitrary govern- 
 ment, as in I. Olynth. p. 10 § 5 
 oXcos cLinaTOv, ot/xat, rals TroXtret- 
 aL% 7) Tvpavvh : sometimes demo- 
 cratic republics in general, as in 
 de Rhod. Lib. p. 196 § 20 toi)s 
 Tas TToXtretas KaraXvovra^ Kal 
 fiediardi'Tas eis oXiyapxi-av : but 
 in the mouth of an Athenian 
 most naturally 'the consti- 
 tution,' =T6r 5t^/j.ov § 32. 
 
 TTepi tovtov] i.e. ttjs iroXiTeias, 
 as in II. OljTith. p. 22 § 15 6 /j^v 
 So^Tjs ewidvixeL Kal toDto i^rj- 
 Xco/ff, with more in Jelf, Synt. 
 § 311, Obs. 2, Madvig, Synt. 
 §99 a.
 
 p. 603.] 
 
 HAPANOMnN. 
 
 37 
 
 Sacrev, dWa ravr direlTrev virep vjMoiv koX Tr]<; iro- 
 \neia^. fjSec ynp, rjBet rot? aLaxpo)<i /Be^tcoKoaiv 603 
 aTraadoi' ovaav evavrtundTn^v TroXireLav iv f] Trdcriv 
 e^ecTTt XeyeLP rdKeivcov oveihrj. eari S' avrrj ri^ ; Brj- 
 fioKparla. ovkovv ivofit^ev dcrcpaK.i'i, et irore avpu^r]- 
 (rerai yeveaOac (tv^vov<; dvdpooTrovi Kara rov<i aurovi 
 ypovovi elirelv puev Seivov^ Kal 9paael<i, tolovtcov S 
 32 oveihwv Kol KaK(ov /iecrrou?* TroWd yap dv tov Brjfiov 
 vir avToov vTra^y^OevT i^afMaprelv, KaKeivovi yjroc 
 KaraXvcrai y dv rreipdcrOaL ro irapdirav tov Srj/j,ov 
 {iv ynp rah 6Xcyap)(^iat<i, ays' dv watv er \\.vSpoTi(o- 
 v6<i Tiv€<i aicr'X^tov ^e^L(OK6re<;^ ovk ean \eyeLv KaKwq 
 TOV<i dp-)(^ovTa<i) rj Trpodyeiv dv fo)9 TrovrjpOTdTov^ 
 elvai, tV &)? op^oioraroL crcplacv axri. rrjv ovv apx^W 
 roi<; TOLovroL<; direl'ire firj fMeTe^etv rod avpL^ovXevnv, 
 I'va ixrj (f)€vaKta6€U S?;/Lto? e^afxaproL ixrjhev. wv 
 oXiycoprjaa^ 6 KaXo'i Kayados ovTOi; ov fMovov wero 
 
 § 31. Tavra a.-rrdirei'] 'be im- 
 posed the disabilities I speak of,' 
 K. 
 
 eliretv n^v deivoiis] G. H. Schae- 
 fer notes this as a refinement 
 (reconditior) on the usual davovs 
 X^yuf, cf. § 2o, Lept. p. 502 §150 
 ovOfvos rjTTov, w av5pes ' Adrivaioi, 
 TU)v XeyovTuv deivos elirelv, de 
 Symmor. p. 180 § 8. 
 
 § 32. 01)5' Siv wij{,v...ovK iari] 
 'The OVK is superfluously re- 
 peated after the oioi, by a not 
 very common idiom ' Paleyon 
 c. Phorra. p. 907 § 2. He com- 
 pares Mid. p. 557 § 129 oJS' el 
 t6 Trap' afuporipuv ■rj/j.wt' liSwp 
 virap^iii, — OVK dv i^apK^fffiev : 
 and the present passa^<' among 
 others. In each of these cases, 
 Prof. liutelier points out, tiie 
 protasis of a conditional sen- 
 
 tence intervenes between the 
 ov5^ and the ovk. 
 
 TTjv ovf apxh"] § 5. 
 
 IVa HT}] The reading of T ft A; 
 r IVa orj fir) is rather attractive, 
 and the MS. authority for it is 
 respectable. Funkhaenel ap- 
 proves it. 
 
 6 KoXos Kayadbs oinos] Ironi- 
 cally, 'this honourable man.' 
 So in § 47 where A.'s political 
 antecedents are to be held up to 
 scorn. Cobet, V<ir. Led. p. 71, 
 remarks on /caXis Kayados, woWa 
 Kayada and the like, as a ' i)er- 
 petua crasis;' i.e. Kal dyadbs 
 wherever found in the MSS. is 
 to be corrected as absolutely in- 
 admissible. 
 
 i(Jero detv] Like the English 
 equivalent ' thouglit proper,' tiiis 
 is used of an /wpropriely. Mi<l. 
 
 ci78y43
 
 38 
 
 RATA ANAPOTinNOS [§§32—34. 
 
 Seiv Xeyetv kol jpaxfieiv ovk e^ov, dWd koX irapd 
 Tov^ v6/jiov<i ravra iroielv. 
 
 33 TLepl fxev tolvvu tov vofxov, Kad' oi' (Mcf)\r]K6T0<i 
 avTov TOV iraTpo^ tw hrjfjiocrlw ^prjfiara koX ovk e/cre- 
 TeLK6ro<i OVK e^ecrri Xeyetv ovBe ypacjieiv tovto), ravra 
 SiKaia Xiyeiv dv e'^oLr ecKorwi, idu <^r) helv rjfjid'i'''^ 
 ivheLKVvvav. rore ydp rovro Troirjaoixev, ov fid At 
 ov')(l vvv, rjVLKa Sec a erepcov cov aSt/cet? hovvau 
 Xoyov, dW\ orav f) Trpoa-rjKov e'/c rov vojmov, Kal vvv 
 BevKvvfjiev^ ovk eoovra ypdcpeiv ae, o08' a rot<i dWoa 
 
 34 e^eari, rov vofiov. co? ovv ovk ooipXev o irarrfp aov, 
 
 * avrbv Dind. cum ceteris praeter S. 
 ^ 0€iKvvfj.ev de Z Bens, cum 2r. ceteri 8e deiKw/iev. 
 
 p. 561 § Wii /SoeXirpos Kal v^pi.- 
 JTTjs diero Self ehai. Below, §§ 56, 
 63, Timocr. § 65 -^^lioaev. 
 
 §S 33, 34. The argument of 
 §§ 25 — 29, that it is not for the 
 defendant to dictate the mode of 
 inocedure against him, applied 
 to another point in the ease. 
 Withregardto his responsibility 
 forhisfatlur's debts to thepitblic, 
 u'hich debars him from speaking 
 ivhile they remain unpaid, he may 
 say that ire ought to have pro- 
 ceeded by way of denunciation 
 {fPOd^i-s). All in good time : we 
 shall do so one day ; hut mean- 
 while the burden of proof lies 
 upon you,Androtion. Prove that 
 your father tvas not adjudged a 
 defaulter, or that he got out of 
 prison not by running away but 
 by satisfying the debt. You knoiv 
 that bylaw you inherit his disa- 
 bilities in such cases. 
 
 These, men of the jury, should 
 be your ansicers if he makes any 
 attempt to deceive you and lead 
 you astray. 
 
 § 33. ravra 5t/cata] Benseler 
 and R. W., after Jerome Wolf, 
 rightly takes this of what follows: 
 
 ' these are the anwers which 
 you might reasonably make.' 
 Funkhaenel attempts to prove 
 that the words refer to ovk e^ean 
 XeyeLv ovoe ypd(pecv : quoted, to 
 my surprise, with approbation 
 by Dindorf. 
 
 d€iv Tj/Mi ivoeLKvvvai.] The verb 
 used absolutely for laving an 
 ^vSei^is. So fheocrin.'^p. 1337 
 § 45 -ypd(p€<7dai, (paiveLV, ivSeiKvv- 
 eLV 'proceed by way of ypa(pr], 
 (pdffLS, evdei^is.' 
 
 rore yap rovro] Compare the 
 end of § 23 for the same argu- 
 ment in almost the same words. 
 Blass writes rovro re ydp. 
 
 Ko.l vvv deiKw/xev] It is quite 
 the usage of Demosthenes to 
 put a verb emphatically between 
 Kai and de ; ill. Olynth. p. 32 
 § 15 Kal npd^aL 5e ovvrjcreade vvv : 
 in. Phil. p. 129 § 70 ey^v vr] At' 
 ipu>, Kal ypd-^(i} Si ' and what is 
 more.' I do not think, how- 
 ever, that this is the case here : 
 and 5^ is rightly expunged by 
 Blass. 
 
 § 34. uxpXev] Not merely 
 'owed money' (oi^etXe;') but 
 ' had a decree out against him,
 
 p. 604.] 
 
 nAPANOMON. 
 
 39 
 
 TOVT iTrlSei^ov, rj &>? ovk aTroSpch e^rfkOev eic rov he- 
 (Tfxwrripiov, aXKa tcl 'y^prjixaTa iKTeiaa^. el Be fJbi] 
 ravd' e^et-? heiKvvvai, ovk e^ov yeypa(f)a<i' KXrjpovofiov 
 ffap ere Kadlarrjaiv 6 v6/d.o<; r^? aTL^ita'^ T7}<; tov ira- 
 rpof, ovTL S' drtfiQ) aoi Xeyeiv ov TrpoarJK ovSe ypa- 604 
 (f)eii'. Kai irepl fxev rcov vo/xcop, 01)9 irapeypaylra/xeda, 
 olfiai helv u/ia?, av to (f)evaKL^eiv eVx^tp^ Kal irapa- 
 yetv ovTO<;, ravd' viroXajx^dveiv, a hie^eXrfKvd' eyco. 
 
 was inscribed in the public ac- 
 counts as a defaulter.' We say 
 d^teiXeif xRVI^^-^'^i ^^^ 6(f>\i(TKa.- 
 vuu, d(p\ilv dlK-qv. The distinc- 
 tion is ri!j;htly noted by G. H. 
 Sehaefer on Timocr. § 50. 
 
 deiKvijvat.] Most MSS. includ- 
 ing 2 read 5f iKi/veiv, retained by 
 the Zurich editors and Benseler 
 and possibly written by De- 
 mosth. for the sake of variety. 
 Diudorf leaves SeiKfveiv un- 
 altered, Timocr. §g 35, 66, 68. 
 Cobet, however, lays down the 
 rule against such forms, Var. 
 Lect. p. 317 : ^dfiKvdeiv, deiKuvw, 
 d/JLvvd) et similia sequiora sunt 
 et sub Menandri aetatem pro- 
 puUularuut.' 
 
 K\ripov6iJ.ov Tri% (XTt/xtas] 
 
 iJict. Aittiq. s. V. Atiraia, and 
 Boeckh, P. K. p. ■6Q0 = SthhJ 
 i. 461. Atimia was not usually 
 inlierited except by the children 
 of public debtors, among whom 
 Cimon the son of Miltiades is a 
 well-known instance. The harsh- 
 ness with which the law might 
 be enforced is vividly depicted 
 in the opening of the speech 
 agaiust Neaera, p. 13i7 §§ 5 — 8. 
 Tlie law of Timocrates, against 
 wliichtlieTimocrateaisdirected, 
 was expressly designed to miti- 
 gate the rigour with which pub- 
 lic debtors were treated, and will 
 afford an opportunity for the 
 
 fuller discussion of this question. 
 See Timocr. §§ 45, 50, 54. 
 
 Trape-ypa\pa.ixfda\ ' which we 
 have cited against him,' K. who 
 adds in a note: ' the laws which 
 Androtion violated by his decree, 
 which we have copied out and 
 exhibited in court in juxta-posi- 
 tion with his decree.' So in 
 de Cor. p. 263 § 111 tQiv irapa- 
 yeypafj./j.^vwi' voixoiv of the laws 
 hung up on a table (crai/tStov) by 
 the side of Ctesiphon's decree 
 for the judges to compare. 
 From this i^rimary sense of 
 Trapaypdcpeiv, to write as it were 
 in parallel columns, we get the 
 technical usage of ■nrapaypa<pr\, a 
 'bill of exceptions, demurrer, 
 or special plea ' in bar to an 
 action, with the phrases irapa- 
 ypa<p7)v StSdcai (c. Phorm. p. 912 
 § 17) or Trapaypa<pe<Tdai (c. Lacr. 
 p. 939 § 45). The high legal 
 authority of Mr Manstield (in 
 Diet. Aiitui. s. V. Paragraphe) is 
 against the correctness of the 
 word 'demurrer,' by which 
 TrapayptKpij is commonly trans- 
 lated : according to him ' special 
 plea' is, in English law, the 
 more exact e(iuivalent. 
 
 df Ti (pivaKi'^uv tyx^i-PV '^^'^ 
 vapdyuv] We nuiy join n with 
 
 iyXftpV' ^^^ supply I'M^s with 
 <l>ivaKl^iiv Kal irapdyeiv : there is 
 none of till' dilliculty which was
 
 40 
 
 RATA ANAPOTinNOS [§§35,36. 
 
 35 EtVt Se Kal Trepl toov aWoiv avTO) Xoyot tt/so? to 
 (pevaKiS^eLv v/xd'i ev /xe/j.rj'x^avTjfjievoi, Trepl (hv ^eknov 
 ufid^- TTpoaKovcraL. ean yap el? avTM tolovto^, fjurj 
 irevraicoaiov'i v/jLcov avTwv cK^eXea-Oat rrjv Soopeiav 
 fJitjS' 6v€L8et 7repi/3a\etv' eKeivcov ayoov, ovk eyu.0'9. 
 £70) S' el fiev e/xeWer dcfjacpTjaeadai rovTowi fjuovov, 
 dWo Se /XTjSep M^eXi^aeiv ti)v ttoXiv, ou8ev civ u/xa? 
 (T(f)6Spa airovSd^eiv ij^louv' el 8e tw tovto Troiijaat 
 
 noticed on § -i irXaTTuiv Kal 
 Trapdyui'. ^evaKl^eiv tlvo. is the 
 usual construction, as in the 
 next §; ^evaK. tl and (pevaK. 
 Tiva TL are rarer, but occur de 
 F. L. p. 362 § 6(5 = 74 tU 6 ravra 
 (pevaKicxas ; and p. 363 § 72 = 81 
 (Sv Tre(p€vdKiK€ rrju v6\lv. See 
 Shilleto's Annot. Grit, on the 
 former passage. 
 
 §§ 3.5—37. But, it icill be 
 uryed, if you condemn Androtion 
 yon ivill put a stipnia iqwn the 
 whole senate by depriving them 
 of the customary compliment. 
 To this I answer (1) that, even 
 if it were so, the disappointment 
 of 500 men at missiny a reioard, 
 ivhich after all they have not 
 deserved, ought not to xveiyh 
 against the interests of the state, 
 and the opportunity of reading a 
 useful lesson to the citizens at 
 large. But further (2) I am 
 prepared to maintain that the 
 discredit does not attach to the 
 senate as a body or to its 'silent 
 members,' hut only to Androtion 
 and the other mischief-inaking 
 orators who manage the senate 
 as they please. And even grant- 
 ing for the sake of argument 
 that the whole body is not upon 
 its trial, it is (3) much more 
 your interest to convict than to 
 acquit. If you acquit, the senate 
 will he still, as it is noxo, ruled 
 by the professioiud speakers : 
 
 but if you condemn, the ordinary 
 members icill no longer leave 
 everything to these self-elected 
 leaders, ivliose misconduct has 
 cost the senate its crown: they 
 icill take the trouble to think 
 for themselves, and advise for 
 the best. It is sufficient reason 
 to justify a conviction, if it only 
 enables you to get rid of the 
 Orators ! 
 
 § 35. d<t>€Ki(TdaL...T!-epi^a\eiv'\ 
 The reading a.(pe\y](jde...irepL^a.- 
 XTjre {yp. S) no doubt arose out 
 of the return to the direct con- 
 struction in iKiivuv 6 dyuv ovk 
 epLos: 'They are upon their 
 trial,' says Androtion, 'and not 
 I.' But the blending of the 
 two constructions in one sen- 
 tence is not unusual. Dindorf 
 compares, after Funkhaenel, 
 Xen. Cyrop. i. iv. 28 evro.vda 
 5rj rbv K-vpov yeXdcrai re €k tGiv 
 Trpbof)ev SaKpvoiv Kal elireiv avrt^ 
 aiTLOvra Oappelv, oti irdpeaTai 
 avToh 6\lyov xpovov uxxre bpdu aoi 
 i^earai Kav ISovXrj daKapSap-VKTi : 
 where however L. Dindorf reads 
 bpdv 'i^earai. Kav ^ovXrjrai. There 
 are several instances in the 
 Greek of the N. T. e.g. Acts i. 4 
 irepLpAvuv ttjv iwayyeXiav rod 
 Trarpbs rjv rjKotjaaTe juiov. 
 
 fl ixkv (/neXXere d<pai.prj(Teadai 
 TovTovs fxbvov'] 'if your only ob- 
 ject were to deprive them;' not 
 TovTovs fxbvov, 'them only.'
 
 p. 604.] 
 
 nAPANOMON. 
 
 41 
 
 TrXetouf ?7 fivpiov; rovi dWov^ TroXtVa? /3eX.Ttoi;9 
 elvac irporpeyjrere, irocrcp koXXlov rocrovrov^ irapaaKev- 
 dcraL ■ypr]crTOV<; 77 7revTaKoaloi<i aSt/cco? -^apicraadai ; 
 36 to? S' ou8' eariv aTrda'qt; to Trpdy/xa r?}? ySouA,?;?, dXXa 
 Tivwi', o'lirep elcrlv airiOL twv Kaicwv, Kal AvSpoTLoo- 
 
 TrXeioi's ^ fxvpiovs] The state- 
 ment in the not Demosthenic, 
 but certainly contemporary 
 speech (perhaps by Hyperides) 
 I. Aristog. p. 785 § 51 eiaiv ofxoG 
 diafjLvpioL iravres 'Adrivaloi, is well 
 supported by other testimony: 
 and Reiske accordingly wished 
 to read 5i(T/j.vpiovs here. In this, 
 however, he has had no one to 
 agree with him ; strict acciu'acy 
 was not required; and 'more 
 than 10,000' is quite enough to 
 point Demosthenes' argument. 
 Besides, nvpioi (paroxytone in 
 this sense, according to the 
 grammarians) is the usual 
 Greek word for an indefinitely 
 large number, Lat. sescenti. The 
 evidence as to the number of 
 citizens i s collected and criticised 
 by Boeckh in his chapter on the 
 population of Attica (P. E. i. vii., 
 especially pp. i2^^b = Sthh? 
 i. 44 — 47). Omitting Cecrops 
 and the times before Cleisthenes 
 as prehistoric we get the figures 
 10,000, including those who were 
 rejected on a scrutiny, in a 
 census of b.c. 445, 19,000 in the 
 time of Lycurgus (contemporary 
 with Demosthenes; for twelve 
 years, probably n.c. 342 — 330, 
 what we might call Chancellor 
 of the Fjxchequer, rafiias 6 ^irl 
 Tj SioiKrjtTd, to the Athenian 
 state, Mahaffy Or. Lit. 11. p. 
 360): 21,000 in a doubtful cen- 
 sus under Antipater 323: the 
 same number better attested 
 under Demetrius Phalereus 
 30;»: 20,000 fighting nitn in a 
 genuine writing of Plato, Cri- 
 
 tias 112 I) (referring to mythic 
 times, but no doubt expressing 
 Plato's opinion as to his own) : 
 all in substantial agreement 
 with the author of the speech 
 against Aristogiton. On the 
 other hand there was, as Boeckh 
 puts it, a 'customary assumption' 
 in the absence of exact data that 
 the number of citizens was half 
 as much again, or about 30,000. 
 For this he quotes Herodotus 
 V. 97 where the statement is 
 put into the moi;th of Arista- 
 goras who, however, had a 
 motive for exaggeration; Aris- 
 toph. Eccl. 1132, a comic pas- 
 sage to which there is a set-oS 
 in Wasps 709 5vo fivpidde : and 
 [Plat.] Axiochus 369 a, where 
 the whole 30,000 are ridiculous- 
 ly represented as all present 
 together at the condemnation 
 of the six generals {Tpi(rfxvplo>v 
 eKK\7)(nai;6vTwv). A passage from 
 a genuine work of Plato (Symp. 
 175 e) has been cited in favour 
 of the larger estimate ; what it 
 really proves is that the Diony- 
 siac theatre held (approximate- 
 ly) 30,000 spectators. See Prof. 
 Jebb's art. Theatrum, Diet. 
 Antiq. ii. 818 b. 
 
 ToaovTOvs irapaffKevdffai XPV- 
 aTovs] XP'7<'"''<'W i^ attributive : 
 'to make so many persons ho- 
 nest,' not ' so many honest 
 men.' The sense approaches 
 that of ffuxppovi^eiv, to bring 
 a person to a sense of his 
 situation, read him a useful 
 lesson. 
 
 § 3G. Ttvuii' oiTrep ei<riv atrioi]
 
 42 
 
 KATA ANAPOTinNOS [§§36,37. 
 
 vo'i, h')(ay Xeyeip. tm jdp eariv 6v€i8o<i, el aLOiirwvTO'i 
 avTOv Kai /XTjSkv <ypd(})ovro<;, l(T(o^ Se ovSe rd iroW' 
 et? TO l3ov\evTrjpioi> el<jt6vro<i, jmy) \n/3oi, rj ^ovXrj top 
 (TTe<^avov ; ovSevl St]7rovdev, dWd rov ypd(povTo<; Kal 
 TToiXtTeuo/xeuov Kal ireidovro'i d /3ov\oiTo rrjv j3ov- 
 \t)p' Sid ydp T0VT0V<i dvd^ia rov (jre^avcodrjvai 
 37 fSe^ovXeuKev. ov ixrjv dX^C el Kal rd /xdXKrra ird- 
 ar)<; kad' dycov r/;? /3ovXfj<i, '6a(p au/jicpepet fjudXXov 
 v/Jilv Karayvovcrtp i) fxr) OedaaaOe. el p,ev dTroyvco- 
 
 The class of professional i^oli- 
 ticians, comp. §§ 38, 67, 74. 
 
 Tu ydp ecTiv oveidoi el...fX7] Xd- 
 |Sot] For the interchange of 
 the indicative, expressing fact 
 or certainty, with the optative 
 expressing hypothesis or mere 
 probability, see Jelf, Synt. § 802, 
 6, Madvig, Sijnt. § isO, or a 
 note on Protag. 335 a. Here 
 the refusal of the crown, though 
 it has actually hapi^ened, is ^:)uf 
 as a sujiposed case (fxij Xd^oc) ; 
 but the stigma follows from the 
 refusal as a necessary conse- 
 quence [IcTTLv). In Goodwin, 
 Moods and Tense», § 70, 2, it is 
 remarked that the indicative 
 and optative in such cases seem 
 to be interchanged without ap- 
 parent reason. 
 
 ov5evl...Tov ypd(povTos] The 
 Greeks saj' indifferently oVetSos 
 Ticos and oVetJos twi, and the 
 love of variety so characteristic 
 of Greek style accounts for the 
 change of construction here. 
 
 ^ov\oLTo] Naturally follows 
 the mood of Xd^oi. We might 
 take ypdfpovTos, &c., as imper- 
 fect participles, 'used to move 
 decrees:' but the former is, I 
 think, preferable. 
 
 did ydp TOVTovs] ' It was 
 owing to these men (A. and his 
 associates) that the administra- 
 
 tion of the senate has not been 
 worthy of a crown.' ^ejiovXev- 
 K€v, sc. r/ ^ovXrj, as in § 16. 
 
 § 37. ou /jLTjv dXXa] ' Not 
 but that,' is here somewhat 
 unusually followed by an im- 
 perative dedaaade. Tlie orator 
 IDrobably had in his mind ov 
 fir]v dXXd fxdWov avfjLcpipu, then 
 altered the expression to the 
 more vivid otn^ fxaXKov avficpepei 
 Oedaaade. K. translates 'how- 
 ever.' 
 
 K ar ay fovcTLv] For the parti- 
 ciple with (Tv/j.(p€peLv, Schaefer 
 compares Herod, viii. 87 i5o^4 
 oi Tode TTOLTJaai, to Kal (TwrjveiKe 
 iroiTjadcrri. Add Soph. Oed. Tyr. 
 316 (ppovelv (ij deivov ^vda fiT) 
 t€\t] I \v€i (ppovovvTi. Lys. Or. 
 25 § 27 oh ou8^ dira^ iXvcriri- 
 Xr](jf ireLdofiivois. [Plat.] I. Alcib. 
 113 L ffKOTTovcnv oTTOTepa avvolcreL 
 Trpd^aaw, and again, iroXXocs 5ri 
 €Xv(TLTe\ricr€i> ddi.Krj(7a(n fji,€ydXa 
 doLKi'-j/xaTa. (From Jelf, Synt., 
 § 691, who however is not hap- 
 py in his explanation.) In this 
 class of phrases the participle 
 is more forcible than the infini- 
 tive : as Stein well puts it in 
 his note on the passage in He- 
 rodotus, it expresses the reflex 
 action (Boppelwlrkung) of the 
 deed when done : in the present 
 instance, not merely, 'it is your
 
 p. 605.] 
 
 nAPANOMON. 
 
 43 
 
 creaOe, eVl toi<; Xeyovai to ^ovXevTTjpiov earat, iav Be 
 KarayvcoT , iirl to2<; IStcoTaL^' eopaKorefi yap ol ttoX- 
 \ol hia Ttjv rwv XeyovTOiv TTOvrjpiav T-qvh^ d(f)r)pTj- 
 fjbivyjv rr]v ^ovXrjv tov (rretpavov, ov'yl Trpoyjaoi'Tai 605 
 TOVTOi^ ra^ 7rpd^ti<;, aXXd rd ^eXriar'^ ipovaiv av- 
 Toi. el 8e yeutjcreTUL tovto kuI rwv i]dahoiv Kal avv- 
 ea-rrjKorcoi''^ prjTopcov diraXXayi^aeaOe, 6^eo6\ 00 
 dv8pe<s \\.Oi]valoi, iravd' a TrpocrrjKei ytyvofieva. war 
 el fji,7]8eu6<i dXXov eveKu, Bid ravra KaTa\lr7](pi,crTeoi'. 
 
 ^' j3e\Ti(TTa Blass, quod mireris. 
 ■* irapeffTTiKdruv Z Bens, cum STQstv. 
 
 interest to condemn' {KarayuQ- 
 vai), but 'when you have con- 
 demned (KUTayvovaLv) you will 
 reap the benetit of it.' The low 
 moral tone of the passage shows 
 us Demosth. at his worst: the 
 jury who sit to dispense justice 
 are openlj- invited to give a ver- 
 dict in accordance with interest. 
 It is TTpay/xa pabiov (below, § 42). 
 
 itri rots t'otwrats] ' It (the 
 senate-house) will be ruled by 
 the ordinary (or 'silent') mem- 
 bers,' opposed to ol \iyovTis, ol 
 f)r]Top€s. In de Fals. Leg. p. 34G, 
 § 17 = 19, TO yap (iovXevrripioi/ 
 fiearbv rji/ loiorruiv, they are)( 
 ^ovXivral, and Shilleto quotes 
 Aeschin. Ctes. § 125, fieraaTr]- 
 aanevoi rovv ISnoras, 'having 
 ordered strangers to withdraw.' 
 Another usage of IdiuiTr]^ was 
 noticed above on § 25. Again, 
 in Nicostr. p. 1247, ^ 2, it is 
 'the individual,' as distinguish- 
 ed from tlie state. 
 
 irpoTjcrovTai toOtoi^ tos Trpa^cts] 
 Comp. !•". L. p. 391 § l(jl = 
 17H TO. if Qpq-Kri irpotifjiivoi, 
 'leaving matters in Thrace to 
 take their course.' Another 
 sense of wpoteaOai, common in 
 Demostlienes, is to 'risk or lend' 
 
 money, the hazardous nature 
 of ancient commerce suggesting 
 the notion of ' throwing it away.' 
 So pro Phorm. p. 94(5 § ti tovs 
 fiWoi'S XPV'^'''"-^ '''S 'Tpofi/J.et'os rjv. 
 Diouysodor. §§ 2, 48, 50. 
 
 Tuii/ r)da.5wv Kal (jweaTrjKOTUJv 
 prjTopwi'] If this reading is 
 right, the meaning will be 'the 
 old confederacy of orators' as 
 E. W. translates : crvvear. 'band- 
 ed together.' There is good 
 MS. authority for TrapecTTrjKdrwi' , 
 nearly = irapovTwu, ' the old set 
 of orators always on the spot' 
 [hei der Hand, Benseler). But 
 on the whole (rvuiOT. is to be 
 preferred. Thus early in his 
 career, Demosthenes is already 
 in marked opposition to 'the 
 other orators.' — ij^ds is the only 
 form in poetry, edas more usual 
 in prose : see Shilleto on Thucyd. 
 II. 44 § 'A, where he has not failed 
 to notice the double reading of 
 2 in the present passage. 
 
 gjj 38 — 41. The speaker now 
 pusses from Androtioii's pre- 
 sumed defence of liiniself tu tlie 
 pleas wliich others may be ex- 
 l)ected to urge in his behalf. 
 And first, 
 
 §<5 3H, 39. Tlione who, 11.1 land-
 
 44 
 
 KATA ANAPOTinNOS [§§ 38, 39. 
 
 38 '^O Tolvvv erepov Set fj-rj XaOelv v/Jid<i, aKovaare. 
 to"ft)9 ava^yjaeTat xal crvvepel rfj ^ovKfj '^cXtTTTro^ kul 
 AvTiyevTjf; Kal 6 dvTi<ypa(l)6v<i kul Tive<i dWoi, OLirep 
 CKet 8l eavTcov eZ^^oi' p^era tovtov to ^ovXevrrjpiov 
 
 ing members of the senate now 
 under censure, or as auditors of 
 the public accounts, arc respon- 
 sible for the loss by embezzle- 
 ment, ivill no doubt speak in 
 favour of Androtion and of the 
 senate. But it is themselves that 
 they ivill really be defendiny. 
 If you acquit him, you will be 
 granting an indemnity to all his 
 accomplices ; you loill never be 
 able to bring any one of them to 
 justice. Resent their interference 
 as that of men who are trying to 
 deceive you in their own in- 
 terest. 
 
 § 38. dva^riaeTai. Kal ffvvepel] 
 'Will mount the Bema and 
 plead the cause of the senate : ' 
 the verb as usual agreeing with 
 the nearest subject <l't\t7r7ros 
 though Tives aXXot are included. 
 The present of aivepel is awa- 
 yopevw (de Khod. Lib. p. 194 
 § 15, Polycl. p. 1207 § 6), or 
 cvvTjyopQ (de Cor. Trierarch. 
 p. 12H2 § 16, 1'233 § 18), agree- 
 ably to the rule laid down by 
 Cobet, Var. Led. pp. 35—39. 
 Compare his Nov. Lect. p. 778, 
 Sandys on Demosth. Callicles, 
 p. 1273 § 4. — Nothing is known 
 of the men here mentioned. 
 
 6 dvTiypacpevs'] The dvnypa- 
 (peis, checking-clerks, contra- 
 rotulatores, controleurs, are now 
 treated separately in Diet. 
 Antiq. and not as a class of 
 Grammateis or secretaries. 
 
 Of the two chief officers who 
 bore this name, the avTiypacpeus 
 TTJs OiOLK-rjcrews attached to the 
 principal finance minister (see 
 on Lycurgus, above § 35 n.), and 
 
 the dvTiypa(peiis Trjs I^ovXtjs, the 
 latter must here be meant. I 
 find it impossible to agree with 
 Boeckh (P. E. bk ii. note 162 = 
 Sthh.'^ i. 235 «.), that Harpocra- 
 tion is mistaken, and that the 
 present passage relates to sub- 
 ordinate checking-clerks ; or 
 that there were three principal 
 d.vTLypa(pe1s as Boeckh also states 
 (P. E. p. 186, but this opinion is 
 modified in Sthh.'^ i. 228 ff.), 
 on the authority of Suidas: or 
 that there was only one, as 
 Schoemann seems to hold in 
 his latest work {Antiq. p. 378, 
 note 4). It seems clear that 
 the dvT(.ypa(pevs was distin- 
 guished from the ypapL/jLarevs, 
 by checking financial matters 
 only, not proceedings generally: 
 and that Harpocration is right 
 when he says, quoting good 
 authorities : AittoI 5e rjaav avri- 
 ypacpfls, 6 p.kv TTjs oioLK-qcrewi, cISs 
 (pricfi 'PiXoxopos, 6 8^ ttjs j^ovXrjs, 
 dis ' ApiaToreXris ev 'Adrjvaluv 
 iroXiTeia (54 § 3, where see 
 Sandys). 
 
 olVep €KeT — to ^ovXevrrjpwv] 
 'Who then with the defendant 
 used to manage the senate- 
 house.' Itisagreedthat e/cechere 
 = T6r€, a sense of which I can- 
 not find another undoubted ex- 
 ample: Soph. Philoct. 395, and 
 Eurip. Ion, 546, 554, have been 
 quoted, but all three passages 
 may be explained otherwise : see 
 Paley's notes on each. 'c/cet 
 Kai eiri xpovov rdcrcrecrdai, docetur 
 A need. Bekk. p. 188, init.' 
 G. H. Schaefer. — Demosth. says 
 several times 5i' iavrov ^x^'"
 
 p. 605.] 
 
 nAPAXOM.QN. 
 
 45 
 
 KoX TovTcov Twv KUKoov elcTiv aiTLOi. Set S?; irdvTa^ 
 Vfjid'? yiyvcocTKeiv on rovroi<^ icrri fiev vj Trp6(^acn<; Trj'^ 
 (Tvvijyopia'i rfj jBovXfj /3or]detv, rfj 8' akr^Oela virep av- 
 Twv dywviovvTai Kol rwv evdvvcov, a<? avTov<i TrpocrjjKei 
 39 hovvai Twv ireirpayfJievoiv. e^ec yap ovt(o<;. dv jxev 
 aTToyvcore ttjv ypa^rjv ravTrjv, a7ravTe<i elctiv airrfWa- 
 yfievoi Kal 8l/ct]i> ouSet? ovSefilav firj 8S' Tt9 yap er 
 dv KaTayjrTjipiaaiT CKelvcov, rrjv /BovXrjv vfioov icTTecfia- 
 vcoKOTCov, 179 ovroi irpoearacrav ; idv 8e Karayvwre, 
 irpcorov fiev rd evopic eaeaO iyp'7](l)L(T/jL6vot, eir eiri 
 TaU evOvvai^ eKacrrov rourcov XajJL^dvovre^, 0? fikv 
 dv v/jLlv dhiKelv BoKJj, KokdaeTe, o<i 8' dv fiyj, tot acfyr]- 
 aeT€. fir] ovv <w9 v-rrep Tfj<; /3ov\i]<i XeyovTcov koL twv 
 TToWcov aKOVCTe, dW' 0)9 VTrep avTwv TrapaKpovofie- 
 voi<i opyii^eaOe. 
 
 for ' to hold in one's hands : ' 
 Funkhaenel adduces de Ehod. 
 Lib. p. l'J4; § 14 OL avrQv dxov 
 T7)v iro\iv. Olympiod. p. 1171, 
 § 1.5 t6 dpyvpiov TovO' airav elxf 
 airrbi bi eavrov 6 avdponros. de 
 Cor. Trierarch. p. 1234 § 22 ttov- 
 Ta oi aiirCjv iroiovvrai (not to be 
 construed as if it were iroiovffLv). 
 
 § 39. av fj^v dwoyvuiTe^ 
 Here, to 'dismiss' the impeach- 
 ment, TTjc fpa<pT)v : more usually 
 to 'acquit' the defendant, c. 
 KCnit. pers. like KarayiyfwcrKeiu. 
 Compare [Demosth.] Theocrin. 
 )). 1327 § 17 ov KoKCos ?x^' '''<'-'^- 
 T-qv a.Troyi.yvw<TKfiv ttjv ivoei^iv: 
 on the other hand, airoyt'Qi'ai 
 TTJi f>iKr)s, c. riiorni. p. 013 
 § '22, p. 020 § 4.5, Anecd. Bekk. 
 p. 183, 24 : ' Kiroyr/vwdKuv ' a(pu- 
 vai rCiv iyKhripxiTwv. 
 
 (coXcuTtre] The active form, 
 as always in the Orators: KoXa- 
 aop-ai XenoplKjn, Plato: contr. 
 KoXw/Mi, apparently only in 
 
 Aristophanes. " Theciuotations 
 of fut. act. will show that Hem- 
 sterhuis and Porson were quite 
 wrong in asserting that 'the 
 Attics use only the mid. fut. 
 of this verb,' and that Butt- 
 mann, Passow, and even Poppo 
 are scarcely right in calling the 
 mid. fut. 'usitatior.'" Veitch, 
 
 8. V. 
 
 Kal Twf Tro\\i2v] Of course to 
 be joined with inr^p ttjs j3ov\tjs: 
 et populi, as Jerome Wolf and 
 Kennedy; rather than iiKi.rimae 
 partis senatus, as Jurinus, 
 Funkhaenel, Dindorf. 
 
 §§ 40, 41. Archian also, a 
 member of last year's senate 
 ivlto poses as an honest man, will 
 jjrnhahlij intercede for A ndrotiou. 
 But ijou can ask him a few per- 
 tinent questions. If he justifies 
 the conduct of the senate, wluit 
 becomes of his character for ho- 
 nesty? if his itdvice uas not lis- 
 tened to, what can he say for his
 
 46 
 
 KATA ANAPOTinNOS [§§40—43. 
 
 40 "Ert roivvv ^ A.pj^lav olfxat rov \o\apyea {Kai yap 
 ovTO<i i^ovXevev Trepva-tv) w? iTrietKrj ZerjaeaOat, Kal 
 avvepelv avroU. e^cb §' ol/Mai Belv'^ u>8l irco'i aKOveiv 
 'Ap^^tou, epcordv avrov ravra, a KaTrjyoprjrat, Tr}<i 
 ^ovX")<i, TTorep' avTw hoKel KoXoo'i e'X^ecv rj KaKu>^' 
 Kav fiev (pf] KoXdo^;, p^r^Ken tov vovv co? eirieiicei 606 
 7rpoae')(eiv, liv he KaKco'i, tl 87) ravr eia (paaKcov 
 
 41 eVtei/c?)? elvat, ttoXlv avTOv ipwrare. Kav /mev *dvTL- 
 Xeyeiv (f)fj, p,riheva S' avrw ireiOeadai, utottov Srjirov 
 vvv \eyeiv virkp rf]'; rd /SeXricrT oy^t Trei,dopbevri<i 
 eavTw /3ovXr]<;' civ Se crtcoTrdv, irw^ ovk dSiKel, ec 
 irapov e^ap,apTdveiv p,eXXovTa9 aTroTperreiv, tovto 
 fiev OVK iirolei, vvv he Xeyeiv ToXp,a fo)9 het roi)? 
 Toaavra kuk elpyacrp,evov<i arecfiavcoaaL ; 
 
 « add vfxas Z Bekk. 
 
 colleagues ? if lie held his tongue, 
 he connived at their proceed- 
 ings. 
 
 § 40. rbv XoXapy^a] His 
 deme was \6\apyos or XoXap- 
 yia, of the tribe Acamantis. 
 The names of the demotae occur 
 much ofteiier than those of the 
 demes, both in authors and 
 inscriptions : hence there is 
 often an uncertainty about the 
 latter. 
 
 ewLeLKT]] In Demosth. 'honest, 
 well-principled, respectable,' c. 
 Phorm. p. 915 § 30 tV' eiruiKels 
 doKWffw elvai vepl to, crii/^/36Xata, 
 Lacrit. p. 925 § 7 olofievoi eli'at 
 iwuLKils dv9pd)Trovs Kal oloi nep 
 TrpoaewoLovvTo /cat ^(paaav eluai : 
 in both these instances of com- 
 mercial honesty. Theocrin. p. 
 1343 § 66 iTruiKTJ do^av ^x'^" f'''*" 
 XevT-qaev of general respectabi- 
 lity. In Plato still more inde- 
 terminate, simply = (£70^65, as I 
 have noted on Protag. 336 d. 
 Adv. iineiKuis ' tolerably,' both 
 
 * ivavria X^Yetc STfi, 
 
 in Plato and the Orators, Shil- 
 leto, de F. L. p. 450 § 340 = 
 392. 
 
 Selv uiSi TTWS CLKOveip 'Apxiov^ 
 ' You ought, I think, when you 
 hear Archias, to do something 
 of this sort.' Dindorf and Ben- 
 seler here follow S in omitting 
 vfids, which even the Zurich 
 editors retain. 
 
 epcorSi' . . . epwrare] The con- 
 struction changed for the sake 
 of variety : see above § 36. The 
 argument is ingenious but so- 
 phistical: the charges against 
 the senate {a KarrjyopTjTaL Trjs 
 ^ovXijs) are assumed as proved. 
 
 § 41. duTLX^yeiv] Of course 
 an imperfect infinitive, though 
 Funkhaenel goes out of his way 
 to deny the fact: cf. § 25. The 
 reading dunX^yeiv has slight MS. 
 authority, but is preferred by 
 Cobet, Nov. Led. p. 228, and is 
 certainly neater. MENANTI- 
 AEFEIX passes easily into 
 MENEXANTIAAEPEIN.
 
 p. 606.] 
 
 nAPANOM-QN. 
 
 47 
 
 42 Oifiai roivvv avTov ovh eKeivoiv d(^e^ea6ai rwv 
 Xoycov, OTL ravra iravT avru) hta Ta<i el(nrpd^eL<i 
 76702^6!/, a? v'rrep v/jlcov oXiyovi elaTrpd^ai <p}]a6t 
 TToWd ^prjfMaT dvaiB(jo<i ov Tidevra^. Koi Karrjyopyj- 
 aei TOVTCOv, 7rpdy/j,a paSiov, ot/Ltat, 8i,a7rpa^d/ji,€vo<i, 
 [tcov firj Tidevrcov rd<; ela(jiopd<;], koI (f)7']cr€t irdaav 
 dSeiav eaeadaL rov fir) Ttdevat Td<; €la(f)opd<i, el 
 
 43 KaTay^rjc^LelaO^ avrov^. Vfj,€t<; B\ co dv8pe<; \\9t]- 
 vaiot, irpwTOV fj,ev eKeZvo evdvfielcrde, on ov irepl 
 TovTcov hiKcicreLv o/xcofioKaTe, dW' el Kara toi)? v6- 
 fjLOVi TO ylr7'](f)iafjb eiTrev, eW on TrdvSeLvov ecrrc, 
 
 ' KaTq.\j/T]<j)i.tiffde avTov Z. KaTaif/r](pi€i<xd' avrov Bens. 
 
 §§ 42 — 46. As a last aryu- 
 ment, Androtion will represent 
 himself as a martyr to public 
 spirit. He had charged himself 
 icith the unpopular task of col- 
 lecting arrears of property tax : 
 hence all this has come upon 
 him. If you convict him, he 
 ^cill argue, nobody who does not 
 like it need pay taxes at all. 
 But reflect, first, that this is not 
 the question which you are 
 sworn to try: and secondly, that 
 the paltry amount of seven ta- 
 lents that he has recovered for 
 you is nothing compared with 
 the question whether the laics 
 are to be in force. 
 
 §4'2. 6\iyovs...iroWa.xpilP^o-Ta] 
 oXiyovi, for which Jerome Wolf 
 proposed fViow, is not said in 
 (lisparanement of A.'s services, 
 as G. H. Schaefcr imagined : 
 for Benseler riglitly points out 
 that the words are put into liis 
 own mouth (07jtrei)' Tlie argu- 
 ment tliat a few rich and un- 
 scrupulous men were not asham- 
 ed to withlioKl large sums due 
 to the i)ublic, and to jjersecute 
 him for compelling them to 
 
 disgorge, A. thought Ukely to 
 weigh with an Athenian jury, 
 always ready to suspect oli- 
 garchical insolence. Hence also 
 wpdyixa padiov. 
 
 5i.airpa^d/j.€i'os] Dobree cor- 
 rects diaTrpaTTop.ei'os and brackets 
 tQv fXT] TidevT(i)v rds eicr^opds. 
 Cobet, who approves of both 
 changes, remarks on Diudorf's 
 neglect of Dobree, 'quo nemo 
 melior Demostheni iuterpres et 
 emendator obtigit. ' Dobree is, 
 of course, a man after Cobet's 
 own heart as a contemner of 
 the MSS. : but in the present 
 case I beheve them to be right. 
 
 d5iiai'...Tod fxr) Tidevai] 'im- 
 punity/or non-payment" of the 
 property-tax. In Timocr. § 3J 
 a5eLav rov fir/ ti Tradeiv dr]5is ij 
 oeivov there is a different shade 
 of meaning; aoeia is referred to 
 the penalty, not the offeno', 
 'exemption from unpleasant or 
 serious consecjuences.' For the 
 legal sense of Adeia, 'a vote of 
 the people promising indem- 
 nity,' see Diet. Antiq. s. v. 
 
 § 4iJ. Trdvbuvov ...KaTr]yoplav 
 ■irot.Qvix(.vov...avT'ov d^toOi/J 'it is
 
 48 
 
 KATA ANAPOTIONOS [§§43-46. 
 
 KaTTjyopiav ttolov fxevov w? ahiKovai Tive^ ttjv ttoXlv, 
 avTOv a^iovv wv dStKet fiet^ovcoi^ 6vt(ov firj hovvai, 
 OLKTjV TToXu yap hrjiTov fiel^ou ecrr dSlKrjfia 'ypd<^etv 
 44 irapa tov<; vofiovi rj rrjv elacfiopdv [xi] riOivai. on 
 TOLvuv ovK el cf)av6p(i)<; efMeXkev d\6vro<i rovrov firjSel^ 
 elaolaeiv firjS' iOeXy'jaeiv elcnrpcnreLV, ovK ovto}<; 
 aTToy^ijf^Lareov , lie rwvhe yvwaeade. v/xtv irapd ra? 
 €i(T(f)opd'i Tr/9 aTTO ISiavaivLKOv, irap^ laco'i rdXavra 
 rpiaKoai' i} /xiKpco irXeio), eWeLfijia^ rerrapa Kai 
 Se/c earl rdXavra, cov CTrra'' ovro'i elaeirpa^ev, eyco 607 
 8e rldrj/ji diravTa. eVi fxev hr] toi)? eKovrwi Tidevra<i 
 
 B eWeififxaTa Z Bens, cum lihris praeter k, 
 ^ iiTTa, ToXavra Z Bens, cum STfikrs. 
 
 monstrous in one who complains 
 of others wronging the state to 
 expect to escape punishment 
 himself.' 
 
 § 44. Trapd rds elacpopds ras 
 aTTO x^avatpiKov'] ' Upon all the 
 [property] taxes from the time 
 of Nausinicus,' K. rightly. Ilapd 
 expresses i^roportion,^' accord- 
 ing to,' Jelf 4? 636, iii. k, quot- 
 ing Lept. p. 467 § 32 Trapd rds 
 TpLO-Kovra /.cvpiddas 8i8ujaiv v/mv 
 /xvpiovs neSi/xvovs, ' on every 
 300,000 bushels gives you 
 10,000.' [Demosth.] Erot. p. 
 1402 § 4 Trapd toi)s xpco/U^voi'S to 
 TrXe'icTTov diaXXarTovTiov , ' (cir- 
 cumstances) differing according 
 to the use made of them.' Thu- 
 cyd. VIII. 29. 2 Trapd irevre yaOs 
 is however wrongly referred to 
 this head, and translated 'for 
 every five ships;' the meaning 
 is within five ships, i.e. allow- 
 ing pay for five ships over, 60 
 when there were really only ,5.5. 
 (Classen's acute handling of this 
 difBcult i^assage is well worth 
 study.) 
 
 The archonshipof Nausinicus 
 
 falls B.C. 378—7 (the Athenian 
 year beginning in July) at the 
 breaking out of the war called 
 in § 15 ' the last war with the La- 
 cedaemonians.' The etV^opd was 
 then remodelled and the avfifio- 
 piai introduced for the first time. 
 Boeckh treats this subject at 
 great length in P. E. book iv. 
 chs. vii. — ix. : the results, as 
 modified by his later views in 
 Sthh.'^, are given in Diet. Antiq. 
 s. V. Eisphora. Compare also 
 Grote ch. 77 (vii. p. 100 ff.). 
 Schoemann, Antiq. p. 457 f. 
 
 TpMKoaia] The sum of 300 
 talents is too large for the 
 Eisphora of a single year (Nau- 
 sinicus' archonship, as Boeckh 
 explained) : too small for the 
 whole 23 years between Nau- 
 sinicus and the date of the 
 speech, as Grote took it. The 
 numeral is probably corrupt; 
 the sense points to a higher 
 figure. CompareFraenkel,n.821 
 on Boeckh (Sthh.^); Class. Rev. 
 i. 150; Diet. Antiq. i. 712 b. 
 
 iy<jj 5^ Tidrjix diravTo] 'I will 
 assume however that he levied
 
 p. 607.] 
 
 nAPANOM.QN. 
 
 49 
 
 ov Selad' Av8poT[a>vo<?, eVt 8e Toi)? iXXeLTrovTa<;. 
 
 45 €<7Ti Toivvv vfxlv vvvl crKeineov el rocrovrov ri/j,da$e 
 rrjv TroXtrelap koI rov<; K€i/u,evov<i v6fj.ov<? koI to 
 evopKeiv' el yap 0,770-^ TjcfiLetcrde tovtov (pavepco'i ovtq) 
 •jrapa tov<; v6fiov<; elpriK6ro<i, habere Tracrt to. -x^prj/jLara 
 ravr clvtI tcov vo/jlcov Kal Tr]<i evopKia<; rjprjadai. 
 a oi58' av el trap eavrov Solt] xi? v/jlIv, Xa/Selv d^iov, 
 
 46 fir] Tt ye €0' c5 erepovi elairpdrTeLv. wcrd^ orav 
 ravra Xeyrj, fxifMUijaOe rwv opKcov Kal rrjv ypacj^rjv iv- 
 dvfxela-Oe, otl vvv ov irepl wpd^eoi'^ elcrcpopcov earlv, 
 
 the whole.' In Tiinocr. § 162, 
 where the argument is precisely 
 similar, the amount of arrears 
 collected by Androtion and his 
 associates (ovtoi, including Ti- 
 mocrates himself) is reduced to 
 five talents. 
 
 § 4-5. et TOCTovTov Tt/xacr^e] 
 'Whether you value the consti- 
 tution and the established laws 
 and the observance of yom- oaths 
 at this (miserable) price of 7 or 
 even 14 talents.' 
 
 a oi/O av et] i.e. a oi"5' ai* 
 5.^iov (eir]) Xa^eif, ei k.t.X. An 
 elliptical construction common 
 with Kav ft, ijicnrep av et. Comp. 
 on Protag. ;:i28 a. 
 
 nap' eavTov] 'out of his own 
 pocket' (§ 48), an allusion to the 
 €7rto6<rets or voluntary contribu- 
 tions with which the necessities 
 of the state were met in times of 
 pressure. For these see Boeckh , 
 P. E. book iv. ch. 17, or Diet. 
 Antiq. s. v. Epidoseis, where 
 examples are given. The most 
 striking instance ia perhaps that 
 of Demosthenes himself, who 
 besides other liturgies (like the 
 choregia well known through 
 the Speech against Midias) ' gave 
 on different occasions three tri- 
 remes, and also at one time eight 
 talents, to whicli lie afterwards 
 
 W. I). 
 
 added three more for the build- 
 ing of the walls, one talent after 
 the battle of Chaeroneia, and 
 another for the purchase of 
 corn.' Boeckh, p. 587 = Sthh.^ 
 i. 686. Besides this, his ran- 
 soming of Athenian j^risouers 
 in Macedonia is noticed with 
 complacency by himself, de 
 Fals. Leg. p. 394 §§ 169, 170 
 ( = 186, 187 E. S.) : with ridicule 
 by Aeschines, de F. L. § 100. 
 
 fxri TL ye] sc. et Sot??, 'much 
 less, assuredly, on condition of 
 collecting it from others.' For 
 this use of firi ti, generallj' fol- 
 lowed by 7e and often also by 
 577, see Jelf Sijnt. § 762, Mad^-ig 
 Sijnt. § 212. The principle is 
 the same as that of ovx on, ixt] 
 OTi, i.e. ou Xiyoi 6ti, /xrj \4ye 
 {\^y€i.v} on. The phrase recurs 
 § 53 extr., de F. L. p. 383 § 137 
 = 150. 
 
 § 46. Tre pi Trpdfews et(r<^opaii'] 
 'the question is not about the 
 exaction of property taxes,' for 
 which he used etVirpa^ty, etV- 
 TTpaTTiiv above. So in a (jiryypa- 
 <pr) or agreement ap. Demosth. 
 Lacrit. p. 926 § 12 ^crTo; 57 Trpatts 
 Toh daveiffaffi ' it shall be lawful 
 for the lenders to levy tlie amount 
 by execution:' Dionysodor. p. 
 1296 § 45 rr^v 5i Trpo^tf eij'oi Kal
 
 50 
 
 KATA ANAPOTIONOS [§§46—48. 
 
 rt/VX' el hel Kvplov^ elvac roi)? vofiov<;. Kat Trept 
 rovTcov fiev, ov Tpoirov v/jid<; dird'ywv airo rov vo/xov 
 TrapaKpoveadai ^rjrrjcrei, Koi a 7rpo9 ravO' vfjid'i fjuvrj- 
 pbovevovra^ fiy) iiriTpeTreiv Trpocn'jKet,, iroWa Xeyecv 
 'e')(o)v en, Kal raud' licdv elvai vofxi^oiv, idao). 
 47 BovXofiai Be Kal rd TroXireufiara e^erdaac rov 
 KaXou KayaOov tovtov, Bi wv ovk ead o re twv 
 SeivoraTcov eWt,7ro)v^ (f)avt]aeTat' Kal yap dvacSrj 
 
 ' iWeiircov Z Bekk. Bens, cum SFTfistv. 
 
 e| eros Kal e^ d/j.(poii', 'the bor- 
 rowers shall be jointly and se- 
 verally liable.' 
 
 dwo Tou fo/jLov] The law 'de 
 senatucoronando:' Funkhaenel, 
 Benseler. 
 
 wpbs Taud'] 'in reply to this : ' 
 'when he urges these points,' 
 E. W. 
 
 §§ 47 — 78. Second main divi- 
 sion of the speech. Androtion's 
 assumed line of defence has now 
 been disposed of, and the orator 
 proceeds to an arraignment of 
 his whole political career. Al- 
 most the whole of these sections 
 is repeated in the Timocrates : 
 and they fall naturally into two 
 subordinate divisions, (i) The 
 collection of arrears due to the 
 state, for which he takes credit 
 as a public benefactor, was really 
 a display of brutality and dis- 
 honesty worthy of the worst 
 times of oligarchical opi^ression 
 (§§ 47—68) ; (ii) and the rest of 
 his acts are of a piece with it, 
 especially his treatment of the 
 sacred utensils. By melting 
 down the golden crowns pre- 
 sented to the state, and recasting 
 them as paterae or cups, he not 
 only obliterated inscriptions 
 commemorative of the glories 
 of Athens, and the gratitude of 
 our allies, but opened the door 
 
 to the grossest fraud and waste 
 of the precious metal (§§ 69 — 
 78). 
 
 §§ 47 — 50. I loill prove him 
 to have stopped sJiort of nothing 
 that is atrocious : that by his 
 shameless robberies and his over- 
 bearing conduct he is amjthing 
 but fit to be a statesman iji a de- 
 mocracy. Witness his treatment 
 of Euctemon, ichom he falsely 
 accused of retaining balances due 
 to you, got you to depose him from 
 the office of collector to which he 
 had been chosen by lot, and crept 
 into his place — ivith what object 
 you will soon see. 
 
 § 47. TO. Tro\iTetjfj.aTa — tovtov] 
 ' to examine the political conduct 
 of this worthy fellow ' K. or ' hon- 
 ourable man,'\aX6s Kayadbs as in 
 § 32. It has been remarked (on 
 § 93) that cross-examination was 
 little known at Athens : hence, 
 probably, the free resort to the 
 5ta/3oXrj Tov TrpocTwwov as the 
 Scholiast calls it, or abuse of 
 the other side. Cicero's in- 
 vectives against Gabinius and 
 Piso, the consuls who allowed 
 him to be banished, are well- 
 known examples of the Koman 
 license in public speaking. Com- 
 pared with ' cross-examination 
 to character,' pushed to the 
 lengths it has lately been in
 
 p. 607.] 
 
 nAPANOM-QN. 
 
 51 
 
 Kai dpaavv kol KXeirTrjv koI inreprjcfjavov koI iravTa 
 fidWov TJ iv BrjfiOKparia TroXneveadai iTTCTrjBeLOv 
 bin avTov oeL^coK koI irpwrov p.ev, i(p' (o fieyicTTov 
 (ppovet, rrjv Twv ')(p7]fj,dTcov e'lairpa^iv e^erdcroifMev 
 avTov, p,}) TT] TovTov 7rpoai)(^ovTe^ dXa^ovela rov 
 vovv, dWci TO irpdyp.a, olov jeyoi'e rfi dXrjSeia, ctko- 
 48 TTovvTe^. ovTo<; EvKTt'jpova ^?;cra? Ta^; v/u.eripa'; eyeiv 
 elacpopd^, /cal tout i^eXiy^etv i] Trap' iavTov KUTa- 
 
 j dTTooei^u Z Bekk. cum Frt. 
 
 English courts, the ancient prac- 
 tice may be pronounced the 
 milder form of torture. 
 
 Kod irpwTov iJLev] This passage, 
 ending with eh to Oicr/jLcjTrjpiov 
 e\K€a-dai in the middle of § 56, 
 is repeated with a few verbal 
 alterations in Timocr. g§ 100 — 
 168. 
 
 § -18. Trap' eavTou KaTad-qGnv\ 
 An appeal to the cupidity of his 
 hearers which was not likely to 
 fail of its object, especially in 
 those times. With all their dread 
 of auKotpavTLa, and hatred of 
 the person of the informer, the 
 Athenians were ready to listen 
 to any proposal which promised 
 to till the public treasury, so 
 large a portion of which, under 
 the forms of the oiKaariKov, deo)- 
 piK6v, and /xccrdds iKK\ij<naa-TiK6!, 
 flowed into their own pockets. 
 Whether it was a charge of 
 malversation against a high of- 
 ficial, or of concealment of pro- 
 perty to the most trifling amount 
 against a state debtor of the 
 poorer class, they were ready to 
 receive any statement of claim 
 (airo'/pa<pri) which might lead to 
 fines and conliscations. The 
 speech against Nicostratus af- 
 fords a good illustration of the 
 latter class : cf. Diet. Aiitiq. s. v. 
 iiroypaipii. The extreme severity 
 
 of the Athenian laws against 
 any usurpation of the privileges 
 of a citizen by the dri.iJ.oi, or by 
 aliens, whether ^^voi or /xeroiKoi, 
 had a like origin. Hence also 
 the jealousy with which the Usts 
 of its citizens were revised by 
 the members of each deme. The 
 strongest case on record appears 
 to be that of Pyrrhus, a member 
 of the noble family of the Eteo- 
 butadae, who was prosecuted 
 by ^(/Seiftj for acting as a dicast 
 when under disfranchisement, 
 andactuallyputtodeath, though 
 the crime was committed under 
 stress of poverty (Demosth.Mid. 
 p. 573 § 182). The s'overeign peo- 
 ple, a democracy within itself, 
 was a close corporation as re- 
 garded outsiders, and ' the fewer 
 the better cheer' was one of its 
 ruling principles. And like many 
 tyrants recorded in history, it 
 treated informers as favourites 
 who were to be first encouraged 
 in oppression on condition of 
 sharing their gains, and then 
 squeezed dry, with much show 
 of virtuous indignation and the 
 reality of a double profit. On 
 this weak side of the Athenian 
 character C. R. Kennedy has 
 some good remarks, Diet. Antiq. 
 8.V. Sycophantes. 
 
 The tendency to encourage 
 
 4—2
 
 52 
 
 KATA ANAPOTinNOS [§§48—50. 
 
 drjaeiv v7ro(r)(^6fxevo'i^, KaTaXvaa<i ylrrj(f)Lcr/xaTC kXtj- 6o8 
 pcoT7)v dp'^rjv iirl rfj Tvpocpacrei, ravrj] eVi rr]!^ elcnrpa- 
 ^Lv TTapeSu. Sr]/j,7]<yopia<; S' eVt TOVTOd iroiovfMevo^, 
 ft)? e(TTC rpLwv al'peac^^, rj to. TrofXTrela KaraKoirrecv 
 
 •' uTroo'xo/titi'os om. Z cum j)r- S. Ita Cob. Misc. Crit. pp. 524, 531. 
 ' add v/Mv Bekk., cum libris "praeter pr. 2. 
 
 prosecutions was likely to be at 
 its height when the revenue was 
 at its lowest : and the period of 
 the 105th and 10(5th Olympiads 
 (B.C. 360 — 353), within which 
 this speech falls, was that of the 
 greatest impoverishment of the 
 Athenian treasury (Boeckh, P.£. 
 p. 435 = .S7/i/(.3i. 511). To this 
 period belong the remodelling 
 of the trierarchy in 35H, by which 
 the smaller fry no longer es- 
 caped through the meshes of the 
 financial net: and the law of 
 Leptines about 357-0 (opposed 
 by Demosthenes in his great 
 speech], which for the sake of 
 an insignificant increase of 
 revenue abolished exemptions 
 to which the public faith was 
 pledged. 
 
 KaTa.\v<xa% \f/r]<plcrfiaTi KXrjpurriv 
 dpx^"] Explfrined already on to 
 Trap' vfjibjv doiKtiis eKTreffelv § 1 n. 
 The KXrjpcoTTj dpxv is that of 
 eKXoyevs, as to which there is 
 but little information. The word 
 iK\oyevs ajipearsto occur among 
 classical writers only in the 
 fragments of Antiphon (fr. 52 
 Blass) and Lysias (fr. 5 Bekk. = 
 9 Scheibe) : but it is noticed by 
 Harpocration and Suidas, and 
 the equivalent phrase oi e/cXe- 
 yovres occurs c. Timocr. §§ 40, 
 144, oi elawpaTTOvTes c. Polycl. p. 
 1209 § 10. Two kinds of eVXo- 
 ■yeU are described in Diet. Antiq. 
 8. v., the ordinary and the extra- 
 ordinary. The fonner, as an 
 "■PXV xXvp'^TT] open to all citi- 
 
 zens, must here be intended ; 
 the latter was an dpxv x^'PO"''''- 
 vriTTi, and confined to the richer 
 classes. 
 
 It is impossible not to agree 
 with Prof. Mahaffy (Social Life 
 ill Greece, passim) as to the 
 proneness of the Greeks, not ex- 
 cepting the Athenians, to dis- 
 honesty and especially to the 
 embezzlement of public money : 
 see further, notes on Timocr. 
 §§ 79, 193. In the absence of 
 property qualification implied 
 by a KXripuiTT) dpxv the safeguards 
 against this were (1) as in mo- 
 dern times, the giving of se- 
 curity: OL iyyvufj-evoi are joined 
 with ol iKXeyovres Timocr. II. cc: 
 (2) the readiness of the Athe- 
 nians to inflict capital punish- 
 ment for slight offences against 
 property, not tempered (as in 
 England in the early part of the 
 present century) by any reluct- 
 ance on the part of juries to 
 convict. 
 
 TrapeSi'] So de Cor. p. 252 
 § 79 (Kdvos els lleXoTTOPvyjcrov 
 irapeoveTo, Philip ' was trj-ing to 
 creep into the Peloponnese,' 
 establish a footing there. Aes- 
 chin. Ctes. § 37 tolovtov idos 
 irapaMdvKtv els Tr]v vfxC)v iroXt- 
 Telav. 
 
 TpiGiv atpeo-is] The ' three 
 courses ' offered by Androtion 
 to the choice of the Athenians 
 are to break up (and melt down) 
 the sacred plate, to have a new 
 €la<popd, or to demand payment
 
 p. 608.] 
 
 nAPANOM-QN. 
 
 53 
 
 rj TTciXiv ei(j(f)epetv i] tou? 6(f)eLXovTa<; elaTrpaTreiv, 
 
 49 aipovfieucov et'/corw? vfMcov tov<; 6(f)el\ovra<i elcnrpciT- 
 reiv, Tat<; uTroo-T^ecrecrt KaTe-)(^b)v, kov hui rbv Kaipov 
 09 riv TOT e-)(fov i^oucriav, toI<; fj^ev /cet/xevoi? v6fjL0L<i 
 irept TOVTcov ovk wero Selv ^prjcrOaL ovh\ el jxrj tov- 
 Tov; ivo/ii^^ iKavoix;, CTepov^ Ttdevai, y^iic^lapbaTa 
 K eltrev iv vpblv Seivd Kol irapavofia, So u)i> rjpyoXd^ec 
 Kal TToWd Tcov v/jLeT6pa)v KeKXocpe, Tov<i evheKa ypci- 
 
 50 ^fra<; aKoXovdelv /xed^ eavTov. cIt e^wv tovtov<; ijyev 
 cttI Td<; TCOV TToXtTMV oiKta^;. Kal tov fxev RvKTij/xova, 
 ov eldTrpd^eLv i) Karad/jaeLV avTo^ e<^r} tci^ elcr^opd<i, 
 
 of those in arrear. ^Yith rovs 
 d(f>€i\ovTas supply rds dcr<popa? 
 understood from dirtpepetv : the 
 double accusative is expressed 
 in § 50. — wofiveLa, vessels car- 
 ried in the procession (tto/utttj) 
 at the Panathenaea : hence in 
 § 74 the goddess herself is said 
 to have been despoiled. The 
 building in which they were 
 kept was called iroixiruov : it was 
 used for other purposes, c. 
 Phorm. p. 918 § 39. 
 
 This passage is enough to 
 prove, if other proof were want- 
 ing, that the d<r(popa. was an ex- 
 traordinary contribution levied 
 at irrerjular intervals : it sup- 
 ports, therefore, Grote's expla- 
 nation of the rpiaKdaca ToXavra 
 § 44, as against the notions that 
 they were either (1) levied in one 
 year or (2) spread over the 
 whole 23 years. 
 
 § 49. Toi's 6(^etXotTas d(Tirp6.T- 
 Ttiv] TO Toi's Cobet here and |1 
 Timocr. 
 
 translates somewhat vaguely 'as 
 he had wonyou by his ])romi8es.' 
 Karixfj^v is rather 'holding you 
 down' and so 'under liis thumb,' 
 completely in bis power, ready 
 
 to follow his dictation, much 
 like 5t' kavrCiv elxov § 38. 
 
 Old TOV KaLpbv~\ ' because of the 
 crisis,' circumstances of the 
 time ; doubtless referring to the 
 Social War (see note on last 
 section). 
 
 ■qpyoXajia . KeK\o<pe] 'he made 
 a job for himself and has largely 
 plundered you' K. Rather 'made 
 jobs.' The imperfect expresses 
 the C(»iti)uiou.'! character of the 
 frauds upon which A. fattened. 
 
 Tovs (vdeKa ypd->pas] ' putting 
 in a clause that the Eleven 
 should accomjjany him ' implied 
 a coercion bill of a very stringent 
 character : ' ut qui non solveret, 
 statim in vincula daretur,' Funk- 
 haenel. Cf. Diet. Aiitiq. s. v. 
 Henduca. 
 
 §§ 51 — 55. From the case of 
 Euctemon the orator passes to 
 the general character of An- 
 drotion's exactions, expanding 
 tlie brief statement in {5 47 that 
 his conduct was unworthy of a 
 democratic statesman. On the 
 contriirij it recalls the days of 
 the Thirty, the worst in Athenian 
 history: or rather A. surpassed 
 them in l/rulality, and treated 
 free citizens icorse than slaves.
 
 54 KATA ANAPOTIIINOS [§§50—53. 
 
 ov^ev el-^^ev eXej')(^6iv irepl rovrtov, vixd<; 8 elcre- 
 irparrev, wairep ov Bia rijv ¥,vkt7]/xovo<; e^dpav eirt, 
 
 51 TavT i\d(ov, dWa Sia rr]V vfMerepav. Kal /XT/Set? 
 vTroXafi^avero) fie \eyetv cb? ov XPV^ ela-rrpdrreiv 
 T0U9 6(f)ei\ovTa<i. XPV^ 7"P- dWd ttw?; &)? 
 v6fi,o<; KeXeveL, rwv dWwv eiveKa' tovto ydp icrrt, 
 Bt]/j.otik6p. ov yap toctovtov, w dvSpe'i AdrjvaloL, 
 ToaovToov XPVI^^'^'''^^ [tovtov top rpoTTovl eiairpa- 
 ydevTcov oi)(f)i\T]cr0€, oaov i^rj/xlcoaOe tolovtoov iOdov 
 et? Tr]v TToXireiav elaayofievcov. el yap ideXoiT "^ 
 i^erda-ai tIvo<^ eiveKa fidWov dv Tt,<i kXocro ev 
 BrjiMOKparla ^tjv rj ev oXcyapxi^a, tovt dv evpoire 
 irpox^iporarov, on iravra irpaorep ecnXv ev Srjfjuo- 
 
 52 Kparla. on fiev tolvvv Tr]<i ottov ^ovXeaOe oXt- 009 
 7ap^ta9 ovTO<i daeXyecrrepo'i yeyovev, rrapaXei'^a). 
 
 "^ mXeT' Z Bekk. Bens, de\er' ZTftrs. diXoLT' Blass. 
 
 § 51. cIjs ov xp^"] ' tbat pay- § 52. da-eX7eVrepos] In the 
 ment ought not to have been ex- orators daeXyris, originally per- 
 acted.' K. omits to mark the haps ' untamed ' {0^\y^^}), is ap- 
 tense. The speaker is obliged plied to 'outrageous' conduct in 
 to argue that the habitual prac- general, either in the direction 
 tiee of the sovereign people of (1) brutality, or (2) licentious- 
 must be right in the main, how- ness, the usual meaning in later 
 ever much one may criticise it Greek, as in the N. T. For (1) 
 in detail. 'we have Auct. iv. Phil. p. 131 
 
 Twv dWwv elVeK-a] ' for the good § 2 17 fxev ovv affiXyeia Kal irXeove- 
 of the rest ':' of the community i;ia, rj -rrpos airavras dvOpwtrovs 
 in general, not of any particular 4>tXt7r7ros XRV'''^-'-- Mid. p. 521 
 individual who might happen to § 19 rd /J.ev ovv els e/xe Kal toi>s 
 be interested,' R. W. Benseler <pv\^Tas rjaeXy-qfieva of the be- 
 alone takes oKKwv as neuter, ' on haviour of Midiasin the theatre: 
 all other accounts.' Cobetil/isc. ib. p. 5.34 § 60 of others more 
 Crit. p. 524 writes : ' Quid sit scrupulous than Midias aTras rts 
 autem tQv dWoiv '^veKa neque uiKvei ttjs daeXyelas ravTTjs avro- 
 intelligo neque emeudare pos- xf'Po0^^'''i'7'7''OMf*'os- Hyperid. 
 sum.' pro Euxen. col. 39, 7 '^CKoKparrj 
 
 roaovTwv XPV/J'-'^''''^''] Theargu- tov 'Ayvovawv, 6s dpaavTara Kal 
 
 ment of § 45 is repeated: and dcnXyecrTaraTriTroXLTeiq.Kexp'^'''''-'-- 
 
 ToaovTuv is ' such paltry sums,' For (2) 11. Olynth. p. 23 § 19 oOs 
 
 tantula summa, G. H. Schaefer. ivddSe wdvTfs d-n-ffXavvov ws iroXv
 
 p. 609.] 
 
 nAPAXOMnx. 
 
 55 
 
 aWa Trap tj/jliv ttotc iruiiTOTe SeivoTara iv rrj iroKei 
 'ye'yovev ; eirl rwv rpiaKOVTa, Trayre? av eiirone. 
 Tore Tolvvv, &)? eariu aKoveiv, oySei? eartv 6aTi<; 
 airearepelro rov acoOfjvat, '6<TTi<i kavrov ol/coi Kpv- 
 yjrecev, aWa tovto KaTTjyopov/jbev rwv rpiaKovra, on 
 rov<i €K T?79 d'yopd<; aStVw? dirrj'yov. ovto<;^ roivvv 
 ToaavTTjv vtrepjBoXrjv eTTOujcraTo iKeivwv Tr)<i avrov 
 /SSeXupia? waT ev Srj/jLOKpaTLa 7roXiTeu6/jL6uo<i ttjv 
 Ihiav oiKLav eKdarw Sea/jLoortjpiov KaOiarri, Tov<i 
 53 evheKa ci'yoiv iirl rr/? oiKLa^. Kalroi, co dvBp€<; ^ A.6r]- 
 valoL, tI oieade, oiror dvdpwiTO^ irepr)^, 77 kuI ttXov- 
 aio<;, TToWd 8 avrjXcoKOi'i Kai tlv Tcrct)? tpoirov eiKOTw<i 
 ovK evTTOpcov apyvpiov, rj reyo^i (i}<i tou? y€iTOva<i 
 
 " ovToal Z Bekk. 
 
 Twv 6avfj.aTowoiu)v dcreXyeffTepovi 
 ovras, KaWiav iKeivov rbv drj/xd' 
 aiov ■ Kal TOiovTovs avtipdiwovs, 
 fiifiovs yeXoiwv Kal 7rot7;ra,s ai- 
 (TXP^" q.(TtiaT(j3v K. T. X. Contr. 
 Phorm. p. y58 § 45 ff}s a.<Te\yws 
 wffre Tous airavTCoi'Tas aicrddve- 
 ffOai. The former is evidently 
 the meaning; here. 
 
 ir6T€ TruiTTOTe] Cobet corrects 
 irhre tQiv TruiTrore here and j| 
 Timocr. 163, comparing ib. § 16 
 j'6/iiaj Twv TTuiTTore iv v/uv redivTijjv 
 aia'xi'(^'''V "^'i' ouvoTdrui. The 
 constructions are not really pa- 
 rallel, and the addition of the 
 article does not remove, but 
 introduces a harshness. 
 
 oi^Ofts iariv dans dirfffTtpeiTo 
 Tov ffudrivai] The misdeeds of 
 the Thirty are here extenuated 
 in order to set off those of 
 Androtion. Lysias tells a dif- 
 ferent talc, c. Kratosth. paxKiiii, 
 and especially ^ y oia\a(i6t>Tfi 
 6i rat olKlas ifidoi^of km i/xi 
 fUf ^4i>oos iartuiVTo. KaHXapov : 
 
 cf. c. Agorat. §§ 35—38. In 
 reality, the Thirty selected for 
 their victims not merely the 
 prominent democratic leaders, 
 but any whose wealth tempted 
 their rapacity. The constitu- 
 tional maxim that ' an English- 
 man's house is his castle ' was 
 perhaps more strongly asserted 
 in days when the real liberties 
 of the people were less secure 
 than now-. I am not aware 
 of any other passage in the 
 Orators where the same asser- 
 tion is made as to the Athenian 
 law. 
 
 ToaoLVTr}v virep^oXrjv — /SSeXu- 
 pias] The sense of this is plain : 
 = TO<Tovroi' virepipaXe rfj avroO 
 (io€\vpi(ii TTjv iKfivwu. The con- 
 struction has been felt as a 
 dilHculty, and no precisely simi- 
 lar passage has been adduced : 
 it may be said that iKflvwv is 
 gen. after the compound of virip, 
 fioeXupiaj after the noun i/wep- 
 (ioXr)v.
 
 56 
 
 KATA ANAPOTinNOS [§§53—56. 
 
 vTrep/Salvoi, rj virohvoid^ vtto kXIvt^v, virep tov firj to 
 ado/jia d\ou<i et? to Sea/uucoT'^piov eXKeadai, rj aWa 
 aa')(riiJiovolr}, a BovXcov, ovk eXevdepcov ecTTiv epja, 
 Kol Tavd^ viro Tfj<i avTov 'yvvaiKO'i opwTO ttolwv, tjv 
 ct)? eKevdepo<i rj'yyv'qa'aTO Kol tt;? TrdXeco? 7ro\LTr]<;, 
 6 Se TOVTcov aiTLO^i ^AvBpoTLcop elrj, ov ou8' virep 
 avTov BiKrjv Xa/jb/Bdvecv ea to, TreTrpay/jiiva koX ySe- 
 <,4 ^icofiiva, p.r) tI 7' virep Trj'i TroXeo)?; kultol el' rt? 
 epoLT avTov, ra? ela(f)opd<; iroTepov Ta KTrjiJuaTa 77 
 TCi aco/xaTa 6(f>eL\eL, to. KTrj^aTa (^rjaeiev av, etirep 
 aXrjOfj Xiyeiv ^ovKolto' diro <ydp tovtcov elacpepofiev. 
 Tivo'i ovv eveKa d(f)el<; to Ta ')((iypia Srjfievetv koL tcL'^ 
 OLKLa^ Kol TavT d7ro<ypd(f)etv, eSet? Kal v^pi^e<; ttoXl- 
 Ta<; dvdpwirovi Kal roi/? TaXaLirwpovi fi€TOLKOv<;, oh 
 v/SptaTCKcoTepov i) rot? OLKeTaci rot? crauTOv Ke')(^pr)- 
 
 § 53. TO a-Qfia'] 'Additum 
 est, ne dXoi)s sensu judicial! in- 
 telligatur,' G. H. Schaefer : i.e. 
 dXoi)s means simply ' caught,' 
 not ' convicted.' This note of 
 Schaefer's answers by antici- 
 pation Cobet's proposal to strike 
 
 out TO (TUIfXa. 
 
 Tj dWa duxvM'Ovoirj] ' or com- 
 mit other improprieties ' K. It 
 is rather, ' or be otherwise hu- 
 miliated,' seen in an undignified 
 plight; not what he does, but 
 the unseemliness of his situa- 
 tion. 
 
 TjyyvncTaTo] The distinction 
 of iyyvdv and iyyvdcrdai is 
 brought out in Lex ap. De- 
 mosth. II. Steph. p. 1134 § 18 
 rji' av eyyvrjcrri em diKaiois od- 
 fxapra dvai rj Trarrjp 7) dde\(pbs 
 of^oTrdrwp compared with c. 
 Eubul. p. 1311 § 41 iyyvdraL 
 6 warrip ttjv fXT)T4pa ttjv ifxrjv 
 Trapd TOV d5e\(pov aiiTTJs. 
 
 oii5' virkp avTov] If he were 
 
 cLTifio^, as he deserves to be, his 
 mouth would be shut : he would 
 have no locus standi before the 
 courts. 
 
 § 54. dT]/j.ev€iP...dTroypd(peii'] 
 ' sequestrating lands and houses, 
 and scheduling them ' [' seques- 
 tering ' K. somewhat oddly for a 
 lawyer]. Diet. Antiq. s. v. Apo- 
 graphe, and § 48 n. 
 
 V^pLdTLKWTepOV Tj Tols OtV^Tats] 
 
 ' Even more marked than this 
 abandonment of arms was the 
 strong feeling about ii^pis, as 
 they called it, about personal 
 violence, which they would not 
 allow even towards slaves... 
 Hence any man, whether con- 
 cerned [interested?] in the out- 
 rage or not, was allowed to 
 prosecute the offender.' Ma- 
 haffy's Social Life in Greece, ed. 
 3, p. 390 : where further illus- 
 trations are given from Aeschin. 
 Timarch. § 17, Isocr. c. Lochit. 
 (Or. 20, passim), Demosth. c.
 
 p. 610.J 
 
 nAPANOMHN. 
 
 55 (Tat; koI /xrjv et ^eX-otre" orKe-^aadaL ri SovXov rj 6lO 
 iXevdepov elvai Sta(f)6pei, tovto fiiytarov av evpone, 
 
 OTt TOt<i fMev Sov\oi<i TO cToi/xa Tcov ahiKrjiJiarwv airav- 
 rwv virevdwov icm, Tol<i 8' €\evdepoL<i, Kav rd /xe- 
 yi(TT^ drv')(^Mcnv^^ , tovto y evecTTi awaai' ei? ')^pi]/xaTa 
 yap TT]v'^ Blktjv irepl twv TrXeiaTcov irapd toutcop 
 TTpoarjKei \a/jL/3dveiv. 6 8e tovvuptlov et? to. acofiaTa, 
 
 56 wairep dvh parr oho L<i, eiroLr^craTd^ Ta9 Tifxa)pLa<;. ovtco 
 
 " edeXrjTs Z Bens. deXere B. p fieyiara. Ti'xwtrt;' 
 
 dotKoCires Bekk. lUud STQs. 'i Ty]v oin. Bens., cum SATlikrs. 
 
 "■ iwoiuTo Z Bekk. Bens, cum Zr. 
 
 Nicostr. p. 1251 § 16, and the 
 tract on the Athenian Polity 
 (in Xenophon's works, c. i. § 
 10). The statement of Demo- 
 sthenes (Mid. p. 529 § 46) that 
 a ii/Speojs ypa(pr] protected the 
 persons of slaves as well as of 
 freemen, is probably to be un- 
 derstood with limitation to the 
 particular kind of vfipis referred 
 to by Aeschines I. c. Compare 
 Diet. Antiq. s. v. Hybreos Gra- 
 ph6. For the darker side of the 
 treatment of slaves, see Prof. 
 Mahaffy's work, p. 243. 
 
 § 55. Khv ra iiiyLara dTi'^wcrtf ] 
 A much better reading than fxe- 
 ytara rvx^icriv adiKovvm, but it 
 should be written, with Ben- 
 seler and Cobet, n4yia-r' drv- 
 Xiicrtc. The hiatus of a before 
 a is intolerable. Like the eu- 
 phemistic use of ' wanted ' and 
 ' being in trouble' by our police- 
 men and others, arvxe^" had 
 special reference at Athens to 
 iri/ua. A passage in Mid. p. 
 533 §§ 58—60 is interesting for 
 the feeling it dispbiys on this 
 point. Demosthenes first apo- 
 logises for naming men in 
 public and alluding to tlieir 
 misfortunes : -rrapaiTTjerofxai 8' 
 
 vfia$ pLTidev a.xde<Tdrjvai pLoi, eav 
 eVt av pLipopais tivujv yeyouoTUiu 
 ovoixacTTL p.vqcrdQi, where Butt- 
 mann notes ' iiri cTvu.<popais yeyo- 
 p6t€s sunt r]TLpLT]p.evo(.^ [he should 
 have said i^Tiixuip.evoi']. He then 
 mentions the cases of Sannio 
 a chorus trainer (oiiros darpa- 
 Teiai 17X0; Kal Ke'xpTjTai av/jL(popa. 
 TOVTOV p-iTO. rrjv dri/X'tt'' rai;- 
 TT)v...) and Aristides a member 
 of a chorus who had once been 
 its coryphaeus (7)rux'?fuis rt /cat 
 ovTOi ToiovTov). It appears that 
 the rival Choregi might legally 
 have objected to the employ- 
 ment of these men : and they 
 were strongly tempted to do so, 
 for, as Demosth. observes, if you 
 deprive it of its leader the rest 
 of the chorus is ruined (oi'xfrai). 
 But they refrained from pressing 
 tlioir objection, involving, as it 
 would have done, the arrest of 
 the defendants: partly, no doubt, 
 from humanity, but cliieHy, as 
 Demosth. insists, from regard 
 to the sacred character of the 
 festival : thoy thus siTvi! to point 
 a moral against ISIidias, wlio 
 was no clioregiis engaged in an 
 expensive and jealous contest, 
 but a private man. Compare
 
 58 KATA ANAPOTI.QNOS [§§ 56, 57. 
 
 o aia-x^paii;^ kuI TrXeoveKTCKW'i ecr'^^e Trpo'^ vfxd<i Sa-re 
 Tov /xev eavTov irarepa wero Selv, S'i]/j,o(Tia SeOevr 
 €7ri 'X^prjfMaaiv iv Ta> hecrpLWTTjplw, pbrjTe dirohovTa 
 ravra /xrjTe Kpideur (iirohpavai, rwv S' aWcov ttoXi- 
 T(t)v TOV fjbr) Svvdfxevov rd iavrov delvai o'lKoOev etV 
 TO Sea/xcoT7]piop eXKeadai. elr eVt rovroi^, &)? oriovv 
 e^ov kavTM TToietv, 'Sivcotttju irpoa-qve-^^v pa^e koI ^a- 
 
 ' df/crws Blass. 
 
 below § 62 rds t'Sias <xvfi(popas 
 6v€L8i{'€Lv Kal TTpocpepeLV eKaarw. 
 Timocr. §§ 132, 200. 
 
 §§ 56 — 58. Though the son 
 of a man xcho had broken prison 
 and escaped the payment of his 
 just debts, Androtion does not 
 hesitate to bring false and cruel 
 charges of indebtedness to the 
 state against innocent persons. 
 
 § 56. The rhetorical anti- 
 thesis here is extremely well 
 worked out, and shows the early 
 maturity of Shvoti^s in the young 
 orator. Audron, the father of 
 Androtion, (1) escapes from a 
 prison (2) in which he has 
 actually been incarcerated (3) 
 by public authority, d-n/J-oa-ia de- 
 Bivra, (4) for debts really due 
 to the treasury [iirl xp^/uac' 
 sc. Koivot's, supplied by Keiske). 
 Androtion (1) drags to a prison 
 (2) from their own homes (3) 
 without authority (4) people 
 who have not the means of 
 paying what they never owed 
 (rd iavTov explained by fnr]bev 
 6(peL\6vTwv below). It is implied, 
 on the one hand, that it is worse 
 to break prison than to escape 
 from custody before one has 
 reached the prison (hence eV toj 
 SecrfJ-UTrjpiui is added to dedevra) : 
 on the other, that dragging men 
 from their homes (oiKodev) is 
 worse than mere unlawful de- 
 
 tention. Compare Quintilian's 
 analysis (viii. 4, § 8) of the way 
 in which Cicero heightens the 
 effect in ii. Phil. 25 § 63 : Per 
 se deforme, vel non in coetu, 
 vomer e : in coetu, etiani non 
 2wpnU : populi, etiam non Ro- 
 mani : vel, si nullum negotium 
 gereret : vel, si non publiciim: 
 vel, si non magister equitum. 
 
 iieTO Seiv ...awoSpavai] 'allow- 
 ed to escape ' K. But the words 
 need not imply that A. had either 
 assisted or connived at the es- 
 cape ; they may mean merely 
 that the son of a man who had 
 escaped from prison might be 
 expected to show some feeling 
 for prisoners. On oiero Mv, cf. 
 § 32 n. 
 
 fj-T^re dTrod6i'Ta...fxTiT€ Kpidevra] 
 There were two lawful modes of 
 terminating his imprisonment : 
 by paying the claim without dis- 
 puting it, or by standing his 
 trial and obtaining an acquittal. 
 Andron chose neither. The first 
 extract from this passage in the 
 Timocrates ends with this sen- 
 tence ; €\K€(Tdai is there expanded 
 into axOevra ixf) eavrov 5ede- 
 crdai. 
 
 TT/joo-Tjj'exi^paj'e] In Timocr. § 
 197 these oppressive proceedings 
 are further described; Androtion, 
 and his associate Timocrates, 
 distrain upon the fixtures, fur-
 
 p. 610.] 
 
 nAPANOMHN. 
 
 59 
 
 voaTpaTTjv, dvdpcoTrov; 7ropva<i, ov /xivTOi^ 6<pti\ovaa^ 
 57 eca(f}opd<;. Kalroc et rtcriv dpa* hoKOvaiv eirLTi^heiai 
 eKelvat, nraOelv, dWd ro Trpd'^pid y ovk eTriry'jSeiov 
 yi'yvecrdai, Trj\iK0vr6 Tii>a<i (fjpovelv Bid Kaipov wcrTe 
 ^aSi^eiv eV olKia^ koI (JKevrj (f)ip€LV firjSev 6cf)eiX,6v- 
 
 ■ nivTOL 76 S Bekk. fxevroL y' Bens. *apa Bl. 
 
 niture, and slaves of their vic- 
 tims : )xr]5eva TrtiTOT' eXerjaai., 
 dWa Ovpas d(paip€iv Kai crrpai/xa^' 
 viroairdv Kai BiaKOvov, fj tis ixpV' 
 TO, Tai'Trjv ev€xvpd'^eiv. The usage 
 of evexi'P^i'f" (the compound 
 irpocrevex- occurs only here) ap- 
 pears to vary between (1) the 
 ace. of the person distrained 
 upon, and (2) the ace. of the 
 property seized. In the passage 
 just cited from the Timocrates 
 it is clearly the latter : 17 oiaKovos 
 must be a female slave who is 
 part of the property. So in 
 Aeschin. Ctes. § 21 evexvpdi'ei 
 6 voixodirri'i ras ovcrias rds tuiv 
 OirevOvvwu, ews av \6yov d-n-odwcn 
 TTj 7r6Xet. In Mid. p. 518 § 10 fxij 
 i^eivai tXTjTi ivexvpdaaL firiTe Xafx- 
 ^dviiv irtpov erepov, and c. Everg. 
 p. 110.3 § 79 ei 5' ifj.ol wpyiadrire 
 OTL iviX^'P^^^'^^ rfkdov iwi rrjv oi- 
 Kiav Tov Qfo(prjfxov, the construc- 
 tion is (apparently) absolute : 
 ' to take pledges,' not ' to take 
 in pledge.' In the present pas- 
 sage K. is unquestionably right 
 in giving (1) as the meaning, 
 ' he distrained upon Siiiope and 
 Phanostrata, women of the town 
 certainly, but not owing any 
 property-tax.' Had they been 
 slaves, seized in payment of a 
 state demand, the hardship (ac- 
 cording to Athenian notions) 
 would liave been upon their 
 master, n(jt themselves. 
 
 dvOpuiTTov! ir6f)V0i%\ The fem. 
 17 AvOpwwoi, like the conventional 
 English use of 'a person' for 
 
 one who does not rank as a 
 ' lady,' is applied to women of 
 the lower classes generally, whe- 
 ther bond or free. L. and S. 
 remark that it is used ' con- 
 temptuously, of female slaves.' 
 In reality the expression implies 
 pity quite as often as contempt, 
 and as it is not noticed in the 
 index to Demosthenes, it may 
 be worth while to cite some pas- 
 sages where it is certainly ap- 
 plied (as here) to free persons. 
 In Dem. de Fals. Leg. pp. 402—3 
 §§ 197—8 ( = 218, 220 K. S.) the 
 victim of the outrage of which 
 Demosth. (falsely it would seem) 
 accuses Aeschines is called ij 
 dvdpuiros: yet she was a respect- 
 able married woman, eXevOepau 
 Kai aw(ppova § 196, the wife of 
 Aristophanes of Olynthus, Aes- 
 chin. de F. L. § 154. Again the 
 fx^TOLKOi whom Aristogiton cru- 
 elly tried to sell as a slave, but 
 who was proved to be free, is t/ 
 dvdpojTros I. Aristogit. p. 787 § 57. 
 
 § 57. iradelv] absolutely, ' fit 
 to be harshly treated.' The 
 aorist is used, as he is speaking 
 of this particular case ; in the 
 next sentence the application is 
 general, and he saj's Trdcrxf"- 
 
 TtiXiKourd Ttvai (ppoveiv 5id Kat- 
 pbv] ' that persons should be so 
 insolent upon opportunity of- 
 fered:' becdusa of the opportu- 
 nity which tempted them to vio- 
 lence. 
 
 CKfvrj (p^peiv] would generally 
 mean ' to carry baggage,' for
 
 60 KATA ANAPOTinNOS [% 57—60. 
 
 Tcov dvOpcoTTcov. TToWu 'yap (iv rt^ i8ot 7roWov<i 
 iirtTTj^elov^ ovra'i^ '7rda')(etv koI TreirovdevaL. aW ov 
 ravra Xiyovcrtv ol vo/xoi ovSe rd rrj<i TroXtre/a*? edr), 
 a <f)v\aKT€ov vfjLLV aX)C evecrrLv eXeo^, avyyvco/jur], 
 
 58 TTcivd' oaa Trpoat'^Kei roh e\evdepoL<i. wv ouro^ 
 aTTcwTwv ecKOTWi ou fj,eTi')(^6i rfi (pvaet ovBe rfj rrat- 
 heia' TToWd yelp v^piarai koX TrpoTreTrrjXaKLcrTat 
 (Tvvoov ovK dyaiTwaiv aurov^ dvOpooTroi^;, dWa hovvai oil 
 fitcrdov hvvafJievoi<i' Sv TrpoaijKe croi rrjv opyrjv ovk 
 
 et? rwv irdXnwv tov rvyovr d(f)i€vac ays' et? Ta<i 
 6fA,oriyvov<i 7r6pva<i, dXk" et9 tov tovtov tov Tpoirov 
 ere OpeyjravTa. 
 
 59 TavTa Tolvvv w? /jL€V ov 8eLva Kat irapa iravTU^i 
 
 Toy's vofiov; ov')(^ e^ei \eyeiv ovTd' ovto) B ecTTiv 
 
 dvaiBrj<; waT iv tco Syj/jbw, 7rpody(ova<i aet KaTacTKeva- 
 
 l^cov avT(0 TYjahe t/;? 7pa07/9, eToXfJua Xeyecv w? vTrep 
 
 " om. Bens, cum STflrs. 
 
 ^ eavTou Bekk. Bens, cum STfirs. 
 
 ■which Xenophon's usual word mode of collecting the tax. And 
 
 is (7/ceiio^opeti/: the context shows the jjroof by contrary is, that 
 
 that the sense here is to ' carry Satyrus, wlio collected a much 
 
 away furniture,' of which aTpw- larger sumforthe navy estimates, 
 
 jxaO' viroairav Timocr. I. c. is a incurred no unpopularity, as he 
 
 particular instance. yave no offence by his manner of 
 
 §58. ras 6^oTex''oi's Trop^'as] levyinp it. The jury, if by their 
 
 \'\iiatever we may think of the verdict they shield from punish- 
 
 good taste of this passage, there ment such callousness and dis- 
 
 can he no question as to its Set- honesty as Androtion's, will be 
 
 udTTjs — telhngforceof expression. thought to resemble him. 
 It is difficult to agree with Cobet § 59. Trpodywvas del Kara- 
 
 (Misc. Crit. p. 525) that this oei- aKcvd^wi'] 'striving always to an- 
 
 voTrjs is improved by the omis- ticipate his defence to this in- 
 
 sion of TTopvai. dictment, he dared repeatedly 
 
 §§ 5y — 64. Restatement and (eVoVa) to say,' &c. Modern 
 
 expansion of the argument in edd. accent the word -n-podyuiv, 
 
 § 42, as to the cause of Andro- the older TrpoaYwi/. The Scholiast 
 
 tion's unpopularity. It is not, Uljuan explains : llpoayu>vh d<n 
 
 as Ite pretends, because he has \6yoL oi TrpoevTpeTril'ovTe^ ijiuuv tuiv 
 
 discharged an invidious duty in oiKaarwu rriu dKorjv' dyihv yap rj 
 
 a patriotic spirit, but because he Kpiais. 
 ' added insult to injury ' in liis
 
 p. 611.] nAPANOMON. Gl 
 
 vfjLwv Kal St' y/ia? i')^Opov<i 60' eavTov e'lXKvae^ Koi 
 vvv iv TOi? ia'^droi'; icrrl Kcv8vi'oi<i. iyco S' I'/xZi^, 
 (w avSp€<i ' KdrjvaloL, /3ovXo/u,at Sel^at rovrou ovre 
 ireirovOoTa o^S' otiovv kukov ovre fxiXXovra 'Trdcry^eLv 
 ovhkv hi wv iirep vfioov errpa^e, Slu /xivroL ti)v avrov 
 ^heXvpiav Kal d€0iae-)(^6pLav ireirovOora fiev jJ-^XP'- 
 rfjaSe t?;9 i)p.epa^ ovBev, ireLcrofievov 8', av rd SiKuia 
 6o TroLTjd' vfxeh. aKeyjraade <ydp coSL rl ttoO' vfiiv 
 ovTO'^ vireax^To Kal rl iroLetv avrov e')(etporovt]aaff' 
 vfiet^ ; ^/a^/yU-ar' elaiTpaTTeip. dWo Be Trpo? tovtw 
 rl TTOtelv ; ouBe ev. (fyepe Brj Kad eKaarov vTrofivijaco 
 Trjv elaTrpa^LV vfidf;. ovto^ elcreirpa^e A.einivi^v rov 
 e'/c KotX7/9 Terrapa'i Kal TpcdKovra Bpa^t^d'^;, Kal 
 (deo^evov rov WXcoireKyjOev Bpa'Xfi'd'i e/3Bo/ji.-i]KOVTa 
 Kal fiLKpov TL rrpo^, Kal top Kv(f)i']pov HaWLKpdTTji' 
 Kal rov TeXecTTOu veaviaKov ovk e^w <ydp rovvofx 
 elirelv a-^'^Bov Be 7rdvTa<;, ov^ elaeTrpa^ev, I'va firj 
 Kad' eKaarov Xeyco, ovk olB' el rev virep jxvdv 6(f)ei- 
 
 ■' €iXK-i'/ce 131. cum Ftv. 
 
 Oeoiffex^pia"] The various against whose law Demosth. 
 
 readings show that MS. 2 made his famous speech is un- 
 
 has here almost alone escaped certain. In a naval inscription 
 
 interpolation. It is proper to in Boeckh pp. 377 — 8, mention 
 
 write dfoU ix^pos as two words, is made of this Leptines in con- 
 
 SeoifftxOpia as one, like koXos nexion with his heir, who was 
 
 K&yaddi hut Ka\oKaya6ia.: Cobet, among- the trierarchs about h.c. 
 
 Nov. Led. p. 3'J4, Sandys on ii45 — 342 ; Ae^rxiVoi' (k Koi\?/s 
 
 Isocr. I'aneg. § 79. The word 'Ovo/jLaKX-fjs ' E^■a\?ytfev. 
 bein^! a rare one, -fx&pi-o-v was fxiKpdvTnrpos] (Jr. H. Schaefer 
 
 confused with the adj. e'x^pa". compares for this phrase i. Phil. 
 
 and a.iaxpo'^ip^i'-o-v supplied to p. 47 § 2S ToKavra (vivfiKovra Kal 
 
 make sense: cf. Timocr. § I'.i-l. /xiKpov n irp6s: and forroi' TeX^- 
 
 In Aristoph. Vesp. 418 deoicre- arov veavicKov, Plat. (lOrg. 41.S E 
 
 pt^piai', variously corrupted in tlic roc lIi'piXd/UTroi'? veavlav. The 
 
 MSS., was first restdred by Bent- amounts levied from Callicrates 
 
 ley, according to Dindorf; after son of I'lupherus (or I'Uiiiliemua) 
 
 him by Dobret; Adiwrif. i. 11)8. and 'the young son of Tth'stus' 
 
 § ()(). Acn-Tivriv rbv tK KoiXtjs] are not mentioned. 
 Whether this was the Leptines d nva virip ixvav\ Boeckh
 
 62 
 
 KATA ANAPOTinNOS 
 
 61—63. 
 
 6r Xovra. Trorep ovv ol'ecrOe tovtcov eKaarov fjutcrelv 
 Kal TToXe/iett' avrw Bia rrjv eta(f>opdv ravrrji/, 17 tov 6i2 
 fiev avTciJv, on Trnvrwv aKOVOVTWV V[xwv iu rai hrjfxuf 
 SovXov e(j)T] Kal eK SovXcov eivat Kal irpoariKeLv avrm 
 TO €KTOv fi€po<i ela(f)epecv /xeTa raJv fxeroLKcov, reS Se^ 
 TTttiSa? eK TTopvrjt; elvai, tov Se tov iraTep rjTaiprj- 
 Kevai, TOV Be Trjv fxrjTepa TreiropvevaOai, tov he cltto- 
 'ypacj^eiv 6a u^e/Xer' e^ "/^X']?. '^^v Be to Belva, 
 TOV Be ofMov prjTfi Kal cipprjTa KaKct, e^r]<i aTrayra? ; 
 
 62 €y(o fxev jap olB' OTi Traz^re?, et? oO? iirapMvrja-ev 
 ^ 0' OTL Bens, cum libris. Illud e cord. Reiskii. 
 
 P. E. p. 531 has some remarks 
 on the number of persons re- 
 quired to make up Androtion's 
 seven talents by such small con- 
 tributions: andR.W.aptly points 
 out that 6\'L'yov% in § 42 may be 
 inaccurately used by Demosth. 
 in his wish to disparage the ser- 
 vices of Androtion. 
 
 § 61. TOV fiev avTujv, ort] The 
 construction is changed, as Ken- 
 nedy observes in a note, and in- 
 dicates by the turn given to the 
 sentence in his translation : in- 
 stead of ry 5e 7rar5as...eri'at we 
 should have expected tov 5e, otl 
 ^(f)Tj...€lvat. 'Or rather for dif- 
 ferent reasons : one, becau.te he 
 said — another he declared had 
 children.' 
 
 TO €KTov ixepos da(pepHv'\ The 
 elacpopa was of the nature of a 
 graduated property (not income) 
 tax; the division into classes 
 and corresponding rates of tax- 
 ation have been made out with 
 great probability by Boeckh P. 
 E. p. 519: his corrected views 
 are given in Diet. Antiq. s. v. 
 Eisphora, p. 713 a. I have 
 there suggested that the ^eroiKoi 
 ' may have paid the same quotas 
 as the citizens, with a irpojKard.- 
 
 (iXriixa or additional charge of 
 one-sixth.' 
 
 ef dpx^s] The older critics 
 and translators understood this 
 of the plunder of 'office:' G. 
 H. Schaefer first saw that it 
 simply meant 'from the begin- 
 ning ' of his career, and has 
 been universally followed. 
 
 TOV 8^ TO oelva] ' another he 
 said this and that about ; ano- 
 ther he abused by wholesale; 
 and so on with all. ' K. Compare 
 de Cor. p. 268 § 122 poas prjTo. 
 Kal dppr]Ta ovo/xd^uiv, uxnrep ei, 
 dfxd^-ns, Mid. p. 540 § 79 rrjv ixi)- 
 T€pa Kafxe Kal irdvTas i]fj.ds prjTa, 
 Kal dppijTa KaKa e^elirov. On 
 certain abusive terms expressly 
 denounced as 'actionable,' see 
 Diet. Antiq. s.v. Apon-heta. 
 
 § 62. eis ous eTrapipvr](T€v'\ ' a- 
 gaiust whom he so intemperate- 
 ly conducted himself,' K., pre- 
 serving the metaphor. Demosth. 
 says below Trj cravTou TrpoweTeiq. 
 Kal dpaavTTjTi. We need not 
 think of actual intoxication : 
 Mr Paley observes on c. Conon. 
 p. 1257 § 4 ' wdpoivos and trapoi- 
 velv mean, not to be intoxicated,' 
 but 'to be abusive over one's 
 cups:' and here, it may be added,
 
 p. 612.] 
 
 nAPAXOM.QN. 
 
 63 
 
 ovTo<;, rrjv /xev elac^opav eKaaro<i dva'^/Kolov avakwfi 
 VTreXdfi/davev eivai, roLavra^ S' dTt/j,aadel<i koI irpo- 
 TrrjXaKiadelf; -x^aXeTrooq evrjvo')(^ev. KuKelvo olh\ on 
 ■)(^pi^fiaT elcrTTpaTTeiv tovtov e-x^eLporovrjaaff" u/xet?, 
 ov-)(l rd^ lhia<i avfjL(^opd^ oveiSi^eiv kuI irpocj^epeiv 
 eKdcTTU). eiTe yap r/aav dXr^del^, ov aol p-qreai, 
 {iroXXd yap ijficov eKaaro^i ov^ &J9 ^ovXerai Trpdrrev)' 
 €LT€ firj 7rpocn]Kovaa<; KarecrKeva^e'^, tt&j? ov-)(^ otiouv 
 6;^ av Trddoi^ St/cat&)>r ; ert roivvv eK tov8' dxpc/Secrrepov 
 yvuxreade ore p,iaei tovtov €/<acrTO<i ov Slu ttjv 
 el'aTrpa^iv, dXX' vTrep wv v^pcadT] koI eTrapwvqdri. 
 ^aTvpo^ ynp 6 Tcov vewploiv i7rifjbeXr]Tr)<; ov-^ eiTTa 
 TciXavT elaerrpa^ev v/xlv, dXXd TCTTupa koI Tpid- 
 KOVTa TOL"? avTOv<i TOVTOV<i nv6pa>7rov<i, e^ wv irape- 
 drjKe Td a/c€vrj Tai^ eK7rXeva-d<Tai<; vavcriv' Kal out 
 
 ^ Tavra Z Bekk. Bens, cum ^TOra™. 
 
 apply to violence, like that of a 
 man in bis cups, though not 
 alcoholic in its origin. Dr 
 Sandys on Isocr. Demon. § 30 
 and on Demosth. c. Conon. I. c. 
 points out, in correction of Lid- 
 dell and Scott (unaltered in ed. 
 7) that TrapoivHv is never used 
 transitively in the active voice 
 (■Kapoivilv eh Tiva, not vapoiveiv 
 Tivi) : but like many other in- 
 transitive verbs it has a pas- 
 sive. So in the next section 
 we find v^picO-q koI iirapii)vr}dr] : 
 and in de tals. Leg. p. 403 § 
 198 = 220 dTTajXer' of irapoivov- 
 /j-^vr), 'the victim of his drunken 
 frolic' l\. S. 
 
 Xpi7Mara (iavpaTrnv tovtov 
 ixdpoTofriffad' utxtcs] =iva XPV- 
 fj-aTu iia-rrpcLTTOL. Donalds. Gr. 
 p. 598. 
 
 efre "yip riaav diKridih, ov aol 
 jtririaL] ' The greater the truth 
 the greater the libel ' was a 
 
 maxim of English law until 
 Lord Campbell's Act of 1843. 
 ■ Sect. of that Act allows, on 
 an indictment or information 
 for a defamatory libel, a plea 
 that it was true and that its 
 publication was for the public 
 benefit.' P. Vernon Smith, 
 English Inst. p. 64. 
 
 TToXXa . . . TTpdrrei] 'fares in 
 many respects,' intransitive. 
 Not to be confused with voWa 
 TTouiv, or with the phrase ttoWcl 
 TTpaTTiLv 'to be a busybody.' 
 
 § (33. 6 tCiv veojpiuv iiripLeXr]- 
 TTjs] Diet. Antiq. s. v. Epime- 
 letae, no. '>. The duty of the 
 iTTiixeXtjral in relation to the 
 ffKeur), 'tackling' or 'naval 
 stores' generally, is well brouglit 
 out in [Demosth.] c. Everg. et 
 Mnesib. p. 114.5 §§ 20—22 espe- 
 cially 6d6via Kal arvTrirfia Kal 
 crxot'na, oh KaTaaKtvdi'fTai rpi- 
 VPV^-
 
 64 KATA ANAPOTinNOS [§§ 63—65. 
 
 iK€tvo<; Slci Tavra ovSeva e')(dpov avrm (prjcrlv elvai, 
 ovT€ Twv ela7rpa')(^devro)v oiJSel? e«etV&) irokefjbel. 
 elKOTO)!;' 6 fiev <ydp to irpoarera'y^evov, oifiai, Sie- 
 "TrpdrreTO, av Se Tjj aavrov TrpoTrereia koI dpaavTrjTi 
 Xa/Scop e^ovalav ttoXA,' dvrjXwKora^ et? Ty)v ttoXlv 6l^ 
 dvOpciiTTOv^i Kal aov /SeA-rioy? kuI €k ^eXTiovcov yp-ev- 
 Beao Kal ;\^aA,e7rot? ovelhecnv aov 8eiv Trepi/SaXXetv. 
 64 elra ravd' ovTOi iretadwaiv virep avrwv are Troielv, 
 Kal rd TTJ<i afj<i dvaLa67]cna<i Kal Trovrjpia^ epy icj) 
 avTov<; diaSe^covrat ; dXXd fiicreiv StKacorepov Sid 
 ravrd a o^elXovaiv rj atp^eiv. rov ydp virep vroXeto? 
 irpdrrovTa ri Set ro t?;9 TroXeco? ?}do<; /xtfieccrdai, Kal^ 
 aw^eLv vfilv rov^ 70iovTOv<i,a> dv8p€<; ^Adrjvaiot, irpoa- 
 rjKet, Kal ixLaeiv tou^ o'lovairep'^ outo?. (W9 eKelvo 
 
 '' Kal or] Z Bekk. Bens, cum 20. 
 ••■ oloa-rrep Bekk. Dind., v. not. 
 
 ^eXrlovs Kal eK peXridvuv] 'of aui^eii'] ' sui^port, protect, 
 
 better character and better fa- countenance:' here opposed to 
 
 mily.' So in Herod, ii. 143 § 5 /juae'Lv, more usually to diroWij- 
 
 HipcofiLv iK Ilipw/Mos is 'a man vac. 'The form with i (ti^'^o}, 
 
 and the son of a man,' as op- thoroughly discussed by Usener 
 
 posed to god or hero. Aiistoph. in Fleckeisen's Jahrh. 1865, p. 
 
 Eq. 185 — 6 iJ.C>v e/c Ka\Q>v el kcl- 238 f. , is established by the 
 
 yaOdv; AA. fia, rovs deovs \ ei Heraclean Tables (Kareaip^afxe^ 
 
 fj.ri^KTrourjpQi' y' : where I observe Stud. iv. 428), by Attic inscrip- 
 
 that Dindorf omits to credit tions of a very early date and 
 
 Elmsley with the correction el by grammarians. Of course 
 
 fjii) \ for eiju' e'/c of the MSS. crLp'^nv can only have come frpm 
 
 § 64. dvaicrdrjaias Kal ttovt}- (tcj'i^u}.' Curtius, Gk. Verb, p. 
 
 pias] 'take upon themselves 523, E. T. In other words, 
 
 (make themselves responsible ffv^i^ is formed from adj. awos 
 
 for) the acts of your callousness (in the best Attic aQs, Timocr. 
 
 and dishonesty:' dvaiadrjcriasre- § 106 n.) like Kadapigoj from Ka- 
 
 ferring to his insults, Trovrjpias dapbs, (joxppovi'^o} from ailxppwv. 
 
 to his unjust exactions. K. Blass is the first editor who has 
 
 somewhat loosely translates restored the t in Demosth. 
 
 'wickedness and brutality.' The rovs olovcrirep ovtos] The best 
 
 reading dvaLcrx^'VTi-as has not MSS., 2FT, rightly followed by 
 
 foundfavourwiththeeditors,but the Zurich editors, Benseler, 
 
 is preferred on internal groimds and Cobet, Var. Led. p. 551, 
 
 by Cobet, Misc. Crit. p. 526. Misc. Crit. p. 526, preserve the
 
 p. 613.] 
 
 nAPANOMnN. 
 
 65 
 
 eiooaL /j,ev 'Lcr(o<i, h/jLco<; S' ipcio' oirolov^ Tivd<i av 
 (f^aivrjaOe aya7rct)VT€<i Kai aa)^ovT€<;, TOVTOt<; ofxotot 
 So^eT elvat. 
 65 "On Toivvv o/\.a)9 ovhe ttjv elcnrpa^Lv avrrjv virep 
 vfjLOdv TreTTolrjrai, Kal tovto avriica 877 fiaXa BrjXov'^ 
 VfMiv TTOtrjcrco. el yap tl<; epotro avrov irorepoL 
 avTw SoKovaiv dhiKelv /jloXXov rrjv ttoXcv 01 yecop- 
 yovvre^ Kal (peiSo/jievoi, 8cd 7raLBoTpo(pta<i 8e koI 
 oiKela dva\a>/jLaTa Kal Xeirovpylai; erepat; iXXeXot- 
 
 ^ /jidX' rjfuv orjXop Bens. 
 
 attraction of o'iov(nr€p = ToiotJTovs 
 oUa-n-ep. Compare § 77 oi/S' ol'- 
 oiawip crv xpt^MfO' cru///3oiy\ots, 
 with the parallel passage of the 
 Timoerates § 18.5. In the last 
 instance the case is even strong- 
 er: all MSS. exhibit oioi(nrep, 
 which Bekker (followed by Din- 
 dorf ) corrected as though it were 
 a solecism. G. H. Schaefer, 
 who had defended this attrac- 
 tion in his notes on Bos' El- 
 lipses, writes here ' Nondum 
 poenitet ilia scripsisse, etsi 
 meum mecum Dindorfium dis- 
 sensisse vidi.' 
 
 §§ 6.5—78. The remainder of 
 the speech, with the exception of 
 a paragraph or two, is repeated 
 in Timocr. § 172—186. 
 
 §§ 65—68. His pretence of 
 public spirit is easily exposed: 
 for while levyinr/ arrears of taxes 
 on men for tvlione shortcomimis 
 there was often the excuse of in- 
 ability to pay, he has done no- 
 thing, in a long political career, 
 for the repression of much more 
 serious offences. The public 
 treasury has been robbed of much 
 larger sunm, the contributions of 
 our allies and of those who pay 
 their taxes readily. Many ge- 
 
 nerals and orators have been 
 brought to justice for these pecu- 
 lations: you, Androtion, never 
 took your place as the accuser of 
 any of these, never expressed in- 
 dignation at the way the state 
 was being fleeced. The fact is 
 (here the speaker again turns to 
 the jury) that Androtion, and 
 men like him, are accomplices 
 7oith such offenders and share 
 largely in their illicit gains. 
 He is one of that class of delin- 
 quents himself: he has treated 
 you with contempt, in fact worse 
 than slaves. Now is your op- 
 portunity to make an example of 
 him. 
 
 § 65. aifTiKa dr] fidXa] The 
 strengthening of avrlKo. either 
 by 5i7 or /xaKa is common both 
 in Plato and the Orators. The 
 doubly emphatic avrlKa 677 fiaXa 
 occurs also Timocr. SS i'^^ 172, 
 208, I. Aristog. p. 778 § 29: aud 
 it appears from Shilleto's Annot. 
 Crit. on de Fals. Leg. p. 346 
 § 18 that there is good MS. au- 
 thority for the phrase in at least 
 two or three other passages 
 where it has not yet found its 
 way into the printed texts. Cf. 
 on Timocr. § 111. 
 
 W. D.
 
 6Q 
 
 KATA ANAPOXmNOS [§§65—67. 
 
 TTore? elacpopdv, rj o! ra rwv ideXijaavTcov elaeveyKeiv 
 ')(^p7]/j,aTa KoX TO. irapa tmv crv ix^ia-)(Oiv KKeTTTOvre'^ koI 
 d'TroWvvre<i, ovk dv el^ tovto toX^t;? Btjttov^, Kalirep 
 wv dvathr]<i, e\6oL ware cftrjcrai Toi)? rd eavrwv imt) 
 ela(^epovra<; fidWov [dScKetv^ rj rov<; rd Koivd v(f)ai- 
 66 povjxevov^. tivo<; ovv eveKa, d) /SSeXvpejirdov ovrcov 
 TrXeiovcov ?) TptdnovTa dcf) ov av TroXcrevet, Kai ev 
 TOVTO) tS '^p6va> TToWwv fiev crTpaTTjycov rjhiKTjicoTOiv 
 rrjv TToXiv, ttoXXcov Se prjTopoiv, ot irapd tovtolgI 
 
 ' Stjttou ToX/xTis Z Bekk. Illud 2. 
 
 ot ra Tu>v iBekyjaavTuv ...KKiir- 
 TOVTes Kat a.TroWvvTes] K.'s ren- 
 dering, 'those who jjlunder your 
 allies and destroy the means of 
 people willing to pay the tax,' 
 contains several inaccuracies. 
 It should rather be 'those who 
 plunder and waste the money of 
 people who have readilypaid their 
 property-tax, and that which 
 comes from the allies.' There 
 is, I think, no reference to the 
 levying of requisitions or other 
 ways of forcible extortion: the 
 money embezzled is that which 
 has already come into the trea- 
 sury, not that which is ' fructi- 
 fying in the iDockets ' of the 
 people : and it comes from two 
 main sources, the property-tax 
 {ela(popa) paid by the citizens 
 and the tribute {(popos) paid by 
 the allies. tQv IdeKrjadvTwv eicr- 
 eve-yKelv means simply those who 
 are not in arrear, opposed to 
 eXXeXotTTores. 
 
 § 66. TToXXtDf fxeu (TTparriyQv 
 . ..TToWQv d^ pTjTdpwv] The most 
 conspicuous example of an ora- 
 tor so prosecuted during the 30 
 years ending b. c. 35.5 is that 
 of Callistratus, whose execution 
 had taken place the year before, 
 356. He had been capitally 
 condemned in 361 for his share 
 
 in the loss of Oropus (366) : had 
 gone into exile, but had ventured 
 to return. The prosecutions of 
 Timotheus (acquitted 373, con- 
 victed and went into exile 358) 
 and of Iphicrates (acquitted 358, 
 but not afterwards employed) 
 had deprived Athens of her best 
 generals: at the close of the 
 Social War (356 — 5) the com- 
 mand was entrusted to the brave 
 but incapable and profligate 
 Chares. In commenting on one 
 of these transactions Grote is 
 rather too indulgent to 'the 
 terrible diiiiculties which the 
 Grecian generals now experience 
 in procuring money from Athens 
 (or from other cities in whose 
 service they are acting) for pay- 
 ment of their troops ... and which 
 wiU be found yet more painfully 
 felt as we advance forward in the 
 history' (ch. 77, VII. 132). The 
 truth is more plainly stated by 
 a writer in Diet. Biogr. s. v. 
 Chares, who speaks of ' the 
 miserable system then prevail- 
 ing, when the citizens of Athens 
 would neither fight their own 
 battles nor pay the men who 
 fought them, and her command- 
 ers had to support their mer- 
 cenaries as best they could.' It 
 is, in fact, 'making war pay for
 
 p. 614.] 
 
 nAPANOAinN. 
 
 67 
 
 KeKpcvraL, wv ol fiev Tedvdaiv e^' ol<i rjhiKovv, ol S' 
 V7ro)(^o)p7JaavTe<i^(f)ev'yov(Ttv,ov8ev6';7ru)7roTe i^i]Tda6r]<i 
 KaT^yopo<i, oyS' dyavaKTciv w(f)0r]^ uirep (ov rj ttoXl^ 614 
 7ra(T;!^et, ovTa)<i wv 6paav<i Kal Xeyeiv Secvo^, dW' 
 67 ivravO' icfidvT]^ Krj8e/j,cov (Juv°, ov ae ttoWov^ eBet 
 KaKco<; TTotijaai ; jBovXeaOe, (o dvBp6<f 'AdrjvaloL, to 
 TOVTcov alriov eyco vp2v etiru) ; \otl tovtcov fiev fxereyei 
 (OV ahcKovcriv v/iid<; Tive<i, diro Be rwv elaTrparrofievcov 
 v(f}aipelTat' Sc' dirX'qcrri.av Se rpoirwv Bt^^oOep Kap- 
 TTOvraL rr]v ttoXlv. ovre ydp paov iroXXoU koL fj,Up'^ 
 
 f dirox- Bens. ZFTQstv. 
 
 8 KTjdefiihv T)fxC)v wv Bekk. 
 
 •• Ttt jj-LKpa. Bekk. Bens, cum 2. /caret fxiKpa Z cum Fkr. 
 
 itself with considerably less 
 success than in the case of the 
 French revolutionary armies. 
 
 oibtvos TTcoTroTe e^-qraadris Karri- 
 yopos] Bekker inserts tovtwv 
 from one ilS. and the parallel 
 passage in the Timocrates. Har- 
 pocration: ''Et,iT6.'(i<jdaia.vTlTov 
 bpaadai, Arj/jLocrdeirqs Kara 'Lre<pa.- 
 vov (p. 1121 § 76 (piXoTipLov/jLeuov 
 i^frd^eadai 'to show oneself a 
 man of public spirit') Kal ev rip 
 Kar' 'Avoporiuvos. He might 
 have added 7repiToi"2Te<^dt'oi': de 
 Cor. p. 286 § 173 Kai \iywv Kal 
 ypd<t>uv e^-qra^d/xriv to. oeovd' virep 
 vfjiwv, 'proved.found on inquiry:' 
 ib. p. 294 § 197 toDto ireiroiriKics 
 iirl Tois ffufipdfftv i^rjTaffai. Other 
 usages of i^trd^uv are discussed 
 by Dr Sandys on i. Steph. p. 1124 
 §70. 
 
 ird(TX(i-] MSS. 7rd<rxet. 'Equi- 
 dem maliiii Trdaxoi ' Bekk. , wiiich 
 Dindorf adopted without com- 
 ment and quite unnecessarily. 
 The Attic writers by no means 
 rigidly conform to the rules for 
 the 'sequence of tenses:' Xeno- 
 phon is perhaps the most regu- 
 lar. On the interchange of ind. 
 
 and opt. in dependent sentences 
 cf. Madvig, Sijnt. § 130, b: 
 Goodwin, Moods and Tenses, 
 § 70, 2 : and a note on Protag. 
 335 A. 
 
 dpaff^s Kal \eyeiv oeLvbs] § 25 n. 
 Omitted in |j Timocr. 
 
 §G7. oTLTovTw /j.h]The'M.SS. 
 here show signs of interpolation 
 from II Timocr., giving mostly 
 the plurals iht^xo^'^'-^ ■ ■ ■ v<paipovv- 
 Ta(....KapTrovvTaL: and Benseler 
 cuts matters short by reading 
 Tuii' fxkv (/(paipeTrai and omitting 
 the intervening words. Cobet, 
 conservative for once, agrees 
 with Dindorf's reading in the 
 text, Blisc. Crit. p. 532. 
 
 oOt€ ydp pg.ov] ' For it is not 
 more agreeable to quarrel with 
 a large number of petty offenders 
 than with a small number of 
 great ones, and surely it is not 
 more like a friend of the people 
 to notice the crimes of the many 
 than those of the few,' K. An- 
 drotion therefore, if an honest 
 man, might more naturally be 
 ex])ected to i)rosecute generals 
 and orators than poor people iu 
 arrear with their taxes. 
 
 o — :!,
 
 68 
 
 KATA ANAPOTIONOS [§§67—69. 
 
 ahiKovaiv dire'^OaveaOai rj 6\ijoi<i Kal /xeydXa, ovt€ 
 BijfiOTiKcoTepov hy'iTTOv t/ rwv iroWoov dScKr/ixara opav 
 rj rd Toov oXtycov. dWd tovt atrtov ovjco \ey(o.^ 
 rwv fi6v oiSev eavrov ovra, rwv dBiKOvvrcop, vfid'i 8' 
 ov86vd<i d^bov<i rj'yrjaaTO' hio tovtov ey^prjaaro top 
 68 TpOTTOv v/xiv. el yap dvhpairohwv 7r6\i<;, dWd fxy) rwv 
 dp'^eiv erepcop d^iovpTwp dofioXoyeir eipai, ovk dp, w 
 dphpe<i 'AOrjpatot, Td<; v^pea rjpea'^eaOe Td<; tovtov, 
 a? KUTa T7)p dyopdp v^pi^ep ofiov fMeTOiKOv^, AOtj- 
 vaiov<i, Sdop, dfrdycop, ISowp ep Tal'i eKKX7]aiai<i, eVt 
 rov ^rj/jLUTd, Sov\ov<i Kal e'/c 8ou\o)P koKwp eavTov 
 /SeXxtou? Kal e/c ^eXTiopcop, epancop el fxaTrjp to he- 
 a/xa)Ti]piop MKo8ofi,r']0r]. KaTa<})alr)p dp eyu>y , et y 6 
 TraTrjp 6 ao<; w^j^er' avTodep avTal<; irehaa e^op'^Tjad- 
 
 Tu)v fxfv oUep] From here to 
 the end of § 68 is not repeated 
 in II Timocr., which begins again 
 at 'AXXa vi] Am. 
 
 § 68. ihjj.o\oyeiTe...riv^axfO'&i 
 . ..8j3pi.l;ev] Each of these tenses 
 has its significance. 'If you 
 (now) acknowledged. . .you would 
 not have endured (in the jDast) 
 the insults he (repeatedly) oii'er- 
 ed.' Writing dv^axeade with a 
 single augment is certainly de- 
 ferring too much to the sole 
 authority of MS. 2: all the 
 others retain the usual Attic 
 form Tjviaxecde. 
 
 du)v] Cobet names this pas- 
 sage {Noi\ Led. pp. 528 — 9) as 
 one of many where he corrects 
 SQv &c. In Misc. Grit. p. 526 
 he repeats the correction with 
 the remark ' Dicam de his formis 
 alio loco,' apparently forgetting 
 what he had said before. His 
 rule could not be put more 
 neatly than it is by Bhilleto on 
 Thucyd. i. 6, S dvaSoij/j.fi'oi: '5^w 
 (bind) and compounds invariably 
 
 are contracted. Thus rb doSy 
 (literal) is distinguished from 
 t6 S^oj* (metaphorical).' In Plat. 
 Crat. 419 a we have diov Kal 
 ihcpiXijxov Kal XvaireXouv Kal Ksp- 
 SaX^ov contrasted with TO de 'iaxov 
 Kal dovv \pey6ixivov. lb. 421 c 
 rd ibv Kal rb piov Kal to 8ovv. In 
 Protag. 321 B the restoration of 
 vTroSQiv for inrb irodwv has greatly 
 improved the sense of the pas- 
 sage. 
 
 Karacpairjv dv 'iyw-ye] 'Yes, I 
 should say it was, when your 
 father went dancing off with his 
 fetters [rather, as R. W., 'fetters 
 and all'] at the jarocession of 
 the Dionysia,' K. who adds in 
 a note (from the scholiast Ul- 
 pian) that 'at this time the 
 prisoners were let out of gaol to 
 enjoy themselves, and that An- 
 drotion's father availed himself 
 of the privilege to escape.' In- 
 stead of dirodpas, e^opxV'^^IJ-^v'^^ 
 is humorously substituted, in 
 allusion to the dancing at the 
 festival (G. H. Schaefer).
 
 p. 615.] 
 
 nAPANOMDN. 
 
 69 
 
 fievo^ ^Lovvaicov rf] tto/xtt^. aWa S' oa vjBptKev 
 ov8 av €)^oi Tf9 elirelv' roaavra to v\rjd6<i iariv. 
 asv aOpocov a^iov \a/36vTa<; SIktjv Tt]fi€pov 7rapd8€i<y/xa 
 irocrjcrai rolii dWof^, iv watv fierpicorepoi. 
 69 AWa vrj Aia ravTa fiev^ tolovto'^ iarcv, ev ol<i 
 
 ireirokiTevraL, dWa h eaO' a Ka\w<i SiMKTjKev' dWd^ 
 ToXX" ovTco TrpoaeXrjXvdev Travra irpos Vf^di; waff i^Ki- 615 
 
 ' fuv om. Z cum 2Tf2s, sed in S /jLCf ab antiqua maiiu additum. 
 ^ dXXd Kul Bens, cum 2;kr Ij Timocr. 
 
 §§ 69—78. The melting doivn 
 of the crowns, and recasting them 
 as paterae, for which Androtion 
 and his friend Timocrates are 
 jointly responsible, is an act of 
 gross fraud, since there was no 
 proper control over the gold 
 during the process (70, 71). And 
 whereas the inscriiitions upon 
 them commemorated the gratitude 
 of mir allies, or Athenian vic- 
 tories (72), Androtion has ob- 
 literated these and put his own 
 disgusting name in their place 
 (73). In so doing, he and his 
 accomplice have committed three 
 disgraceful crimes; the goddess 
 they have sacrilegiously despoiled 
 of her croicns : in the state 
 they have extinguished the glory 
 accruing from those deeds, of 
 which the crowns while they 
 existed were a memorial: the 
 dedicators they have robbed of 
 no small honour, the credit of 
 being grateful for obligations. 
 And they take credit for all this 
 (74). Again, A. has the tasteless 
 vulgarity not to see that crowns 
 are a token of merit, gold plate 
 in any other form a merely os- 
 tentatious display of wealth (7-'>). 
 In his blindness he fails to per- 
 ceive that the Athenian people 
 have always preferred glory to 
 riches ; their splendour is dis- 
 played in their temples and 
 
 arse7ials, not by the gold in 
 their vaults. Their imperishable 
 treasures are the remembrance 
 of their great deeds, a fume that 
 will never die (76, 77). How 
 completely you, the Athenians of 
 to-day, have degenerated from 
 your ancestors, is sufficiently 
 proven by the fact that Androtion, 
 of all people in the irorld, has been 
 chosen for a sacred function as re- 
 pairer of the Panathenaic vessels 
 (78). 
 
 § 69. 'AXXd ^t; Ala] Demo- 
 sthenes' favourite phrase in in- 
 troducing a bit of irony. In 
 Plato sometimes dWa or), Lat. 
 at enim or simply at. 
 
 toi.ovt6^ icTLv] toioOtoi ycydpa- 
 ffiv II Timocr. and so throughout 
 with the change to plural forms. 
 The general m( aning of this 
 opening sentence, with its ravra 
 fiiv opposed to dWa 5i, is well 
 brought out in K.'s free trans- 
 lation: 'But perhaps, notw'ith- 
 standing these political faults, 
 there are other things which he 
 has managed creditably. Nay, 
 on the contrary (dXXd)...' 
 
 oiJTu} TTpoatXrfKvde irdvTa irpbi 
 vfids] irpo(j^pxofj.ai is not here = 
 irpocT<p^po/j.ai 'to behave' ((>. H. 
 Schaefer, Dindorf, Kennedy), 
 but, as Sliilleto points out on 
 Fals. Leg. § 2, is eiiuivnleiit to 
 TTfiroXlTevTaL in tlie jireceding
 
 70 
 
 KATA ANAPOTinNOS [% 69—71. 
 
 CTT ev ol<i aKrjKoar a^to'i iart, fiiaelaOai. tl yap 
 ^ovXecrd' eiTrco ; ra Tro/jiTreV to? eTreaKevacre, Kol tt/v 
 Tcov aTe(f)dvo)v Kadaipeaiv, i) rr/v rwv (jaaXwv ttol- 
 rjaiv rrjv KoXrjv ; dXX" eVt tovtoi<; ye el fxrjSev dW 
 ahiKwv €TU')(ev rrjv ttoXlv, Tp\<i ov'^ dira^ reOvdvai 
 BiKaiof; wv (fyaveiTat. Kol yap lepoavXla koX daejBeia 
 Kai Kkoirfi Kal irdcTh tol<; hetvoTaToi'i ear evo'^of. 
 70 ra fjuev ovv ttoXV (ov Xeywv u/ia? ecfjevaKt^ev irapa- 
 Xec^lrco' (f)7]aa<i 8 diroppelv rd (f)vWa tmv <TTe<f)dv(ov 
 
 sentence : his whole political 
 life (Trdcra) is distinguished from 
 a particular part of it (ravTa). 
 So in Fals. Leg. I. c. oVoi npos 
 TO, Koiva diKaidis irpoaipxovTaL, 
 and p. 373 § 99 = 114e7rei5di' tls 
 eavTov weicras dvvaadai irpoaiXdrj. 
 Compare the Lat. ' ad rempub- 
 licam accedere,' Cic. Eosc. Am. 
 
 I. § 3, in Verr. Act. ii. i. 12 § 33. 
 TJKLcrTa ev oh aKriKSare] ' that 
 
 what you have heard are the 
 smallest grounds for detesting 
 him.' ((p' oh would certainly 
 be better Greek, and accordingly 
 Cobet Misc. Crit. p. 527 as- 
 sumes that Demosth. must 
 have written it so, here and in 
 II Timocr. 
 
 TO, TTo/uLTreia (is eTrecTKevaae] § 48 
 
 II. eviffKevdi^uv 'to rejjair' (espe- 
 cially to refit a ship, always 
 distinguished from yrapacrKevd- 
 ^eiv to fit out originally) is eu- 
 I^hemistically put for (cara/ciTrreii' 
 ' to break up.' 
 
 Trjv tQv (piaXQv irolyjcnv Tr)v 
 KoXriv] 'his famous manufac- 
 ture of the plates ' K. : but only 
 an approximate rendering of 
 <pia\uiv is jjossible. For the 
 broad, flat, saucer shape of the 
 (pidXij, see illustrations in Diet. 
 Antiq. s. V. Fa,tera.. In modern 
 works on art the word ' patera ' 
 is generally left untranslated 
 
 for want of an exact equivalent. 
 In Rev. xvi. Luther's Schalen, 
 ' cups, ' comes nearer to the origi- 
 nal than the 'vials' of the E.V. : 
 and it is the word used by 
 Benseler in translating Demo- 
 sthenes. In the Kevised Ver- 
 sion ' bowls' is substituted for 
 ' vials : ' and is perhaps the best 
 word that could be used here. 
 
 Tois deLvoTCLTois earlv ^yoxos] 
 ^voxos in the Orators, joined to 
 a dative, means (1) 'liable to' 
 a punishment, as de Fals. Leg. 
 p. 404 § 201 = '223 rah dpah 
 ^voxoi : Lys. i. Alcib. § 9 Trdaats 
 rah Kein^vais f7?/Lu'ais ^voxos : or 
 (2) ' chargeable with, guilty of 
 a crime, as here and Antiph. 
 Or. I. § 11 ^voxoLTuxpbviji. The 
 instances quoted for a genitive 
 seem to disappear on examina- 
 tion : in Demosth. de Cor. 
 Trierarch. p. 1229 § 4 ^voxoi. 
 8e(Tfj.(2i is now read, and in Lys. 
 I. Alcib. § 5 ^voxos XLTrora^iov ovdk 
 BeiXias the dative may easily be 
 suijplied. 
 
 § 70. <prjaas d' diroppelv rd 
 (pvXXa] For Androtion to be 
 able to allege this, however ab- 
 surdly, some at least of the 
 crowns could not have been of 
 solid gold, but of some kind of 
 'gold leaf.'
 
 p. 615.] 
 
 nAPANOMON. 
 
 71 
 
 Kal aairpov^ elvai Bia rov ')(p6vov, ooairep cq)v 77 poScov 
 6vra<;, akX ov ')(^pvaLOV, (TV'y)(oiveveiv eireLaev. kolt 
 eirl fiev Tai<i el<T(popal<; rvv Srjfioaiov irapelvai irpocre- 
 r^pa-^ev (o<; Srj^ 8iKaL0<i dov, wv eKacrro^ cii>Ti'ypa(f)ev<; 
 efteWef eaeaOat rcov eiaevejKovToyv ' eVt toI<; aT€(f>d- 
 voL<i B\ ov^ KareKOTTTev, ovx} Trpoayjyaye ravro ScKaiov 
 TOVTO, aW avTO'i prjrcop , •y^puao'^oo^, Tafiia^;, avrt- 
 71 7pa0ei'? yeyovev. Kal ixy)v el /xev airavr ri^iov<;, oaa 
 Trpdrrei^; ttj iroXei, aavrw TTcareveiv, ovk av ofxolo)^; 
 /cXeTTT?;? a)v icpcopco' vvv S' eVt rat? elacpopal^; 8l- 
 Kacov iad op/cra?, /xj; aol iriareveLv, aX\d rot? avrrj^ 
 Bov\oi<; rrjv ttoXiv, ottot ciWo n irpcmoiv koI XPV' 
 fxara kivcov iepd, (ov evi ovh' iirl Tfj<i ri/jLerepa^ yeved^ 
 dveredri, fxy) irpoaypa-ylrdfievo^; Trjv avrrjv rf)v\aKr}v 
 
 ' ws av Bens, cum 2;Tfis. 
 
 6 pTjTwp Bens, cum Z. 
 
 TOP drjij.ocnoi' Trapelvai irpocreypa- 
 \f/€v] 'added a clause that the 
 public slave should be present,' 
 not 'otticer' as K. We read 
 immediately afterwards, fj.ri (rol 
 iriaTivnv dXXa toIs eavrri^ dovXois 
 Tr)v TriXtv. The orjuocnoL were 
 employed, among other duties, 
 as avTiypacpeh or checking- 
 clerks. Comp. de Fals. Leg. p. 
 381 § 129 = 142 : Diet. Antiq. 
 8. V. Demosii. 
 
 wj di) 5i/caios wv] Benseler 
 alone follows 2 (""/ <illen 
 Vieren) in the pointless reading 
 Of for Stj. The latter is here 
 most appropriate. For the 
 readiness with which AN and 
 AH are confused, see Cobet 
 JVoy.Lecf. pp. 501,549. Another 
 instance occurs Timocr. § 150. 
 
 pT]Tii)p, xP"'^'>X^os, ra/xias, dv- 
 Tiypa<p(vs] It was remarked on 
 § iiH that wherever there was a 
 raidas there was also an d^'rt- 
 ypa(p(vi to check his accounts. 
 
 Here Androtion carries a decree 
 that the crowns shall be melted, 
 superintends the process him- 
 self, sends in what accounts he 
 pleases to the state, and allows 
 no one else to check them. I 
 cannot think, with Benseler, that 
 rafiias because it stands alone 
 can only mean the State-trea- 
 surer or 'Chancellor of the Ex- 
 chequer' (§ 35 n.). Androtion 
 must have been a rapuas ttjs 
 deov : these were responsible for 
 the safe keeping of the treasures, 
 but had no discretionary power 
 of dealing with thein (Timocr. 
 § 136 n.). The humour of the 
 passage lies in his usurping all 
 these functions, not of course 
 without some formal authority, 
 but by i)rocuring hasty votes of 
 the people wliich, when seen in 
 their true light, laid him open 
 to a ypa<pr} iTapav6p.(j}v. Cf. ^ 70 
 fin. wdXiv 7pdi/'ets KaTax(>»'eijeiv. 
 § 71. P-Tj Trpo<Typa<l'dp.(fos...
 
 72 KATA ANAPOTmNOS [§§ 71—74. 
 
 rjVTrep irepi^ rcov ela(f)opu)V (fyaiveL, ovk evBrjXov St b 
 
 72 tout' eTTOiTjaa's ; €70) fiev ol/xai' Kal fjitjv, S avBp€<; 
 
 Adrjvaioi,, Kttl Kara iravro'i tov ')(^p6vov aKeyp-aaOe co? 
 KuXa Kal ^7]\cora iirLypafifiara t?;? TroXeo)? dvekwv c6<; 
 dae^rj Kal BeLvd dvre7ri'yejpa(j)€v. olfiac ^dp u/xa? 
 airavTa'i opdv vtto to)v arecf^dvcov ral<; ^oiviKLai Kara)- 616 
 dcv 'y€<ypa/uL/ii€va"ol avfj,fxa')(^ot tov hrjjxov dvhpa'yadia^ 
 eveKa Kal hLKaioavvrj<i" i) "01 cru/i.yLta^06 apicrreiov 
 T?7° ' A.67]vaia," 7} Kara TroXei? " ol B€Lve<i tov hrj^ov, 
 (TwOevTe^ VTTO TOV Bi]fiov," olov " EuySoet? iXevdepco- 
 6evT€<i eaTe(f)dv(i)aav^ tov BtJ/jlov" [^eTreyeypaiTTo irov'^], 
 TrdXiv "Kovtov diro t?/? vavp,a-)(^La<i t^? tt/jo? AaKeSat- 
 /jlovlov<;." TotavTa yap r)v Td tcov (7Te(f)dv(ov iiri- 
 
 73 ypd/jL/xaTa. TavTa fiev tolvvv, a l^fjXov ttoXvv et^e 
 Kal ^iXoTifilav vplv, rj^dvKTTaL KadaipedevTcov tcov 
 aT€(f)dvci)v' iirl Tal<i (f)idXais 8' a? dvT iKecvcov eiroLrj- 
 
 " rjv irepl Z Bekk. Bens, cum ST. ° t^ om. Bekk. cum S. 
 
 P [ecmcpdvwaav] Bens. i om. Z Bekk. Bens. 
 
 (pa'i.v€i] Not 'you appear' but B.C. 376, alluded to §15 above. 
 ' are found not to have iutro- § 73. d ^r)\ov — Kal (piXoTi/xlav] 
 
 duced the same safeguards.' 'which brought you so much 
 
 § 21 71. admiration and honour.' I do 
 
 § 72. xo'i'twct] From the not think that 'emulation' (K.) 
 
 resemblance of shape to the is here intended. Demosth. 
 
 measure so called, the name says of his own crown, de Cor. 
 
 XoiviKes was applied to rings or p. 267 § 120, ovtu) (XKaibi el kuI 
 
 shackles for the legs, as in dvaiadrjTos, AiVx'*"?, wct' ov 
 
 Aristoph. Plut. 276 at Kvrnxai. de dvvaaai Xoylaaadai on ry fx^v 
 
 ffov ^oQcTiv I 'lot) i'oi), ras xo^''"^'<^s (Trecpavovfj.ivuiTbuavThv'^x^'- tv^ov 
 
 Kal rds Tre'Sas Trodovaai, and in 6 aTecpavos, ottov dv dvappTjdrj, tov 
 
 the scurrilous passage about the de tG>v ffTetpavovvTcov eveKa crvfj.- 
 
 parents of Aeschiues, de Cor. p. (pepovros if rf Oedrpu) yiyverai 
 
 270 § 129 xo'^"''<iJ waxeMs ^x'^" '''^ Kripvy/xa ; where the glory of 
 
 Kal ^ijXov. Hence xotJ'«i5es here the recipient and the emulation 
 
 and il Timocr. are the rings which his rewards kindle are clearly 
 
 served as stands for the crowns. contrasted, and ^rjXos is applied 
 
 Kovuv dTroTTJs vav/xaxl-as] The to the former. For (piXoTL/aia 
 
 battle of Cnidus, b.c. 394. nearly =:t(,ut7, below §§ 74, 75, 
 
 II Timocr. adds Xaj3plas dTrb rys Timocr. § 91 7roX\ds 4>L\oTifx.las 
 
 iv Noftf) vai/juaxt'as, the battle in Trepiaipeirai. ttjs iroXewy.
 
 p. 616.] nAPANOMnN. 73 
 
 aaB' vyJlv o iropvo^ ovto^^, " ^ AvSporlojvo'i iirifjieXov- 
 fievov eTTonjOTjaav^" eTriyiypaTrraf kol ov to acofxa 
 rjraipTjKOTO'i ovK ioiaiv ol vopuot [et<? ra lepd elaievai], 
 TovTOv TovvofjL iv Tol<; i€pol<i iirl TOiv (fiiaXwv ye- 
 ypafifjievov ecrriv. ofioiov ye, ov yap ; tovto toi<; irpo- 
 repoL^ eiTLypdfiiJLaaiv, r) (piXoTifiiav loijv e%oi/ v/xlv. 
 74 [rpia*' roivvv e'/c tovtov rd SetvoraT av Ti(i tBoi Treirpa- 
 yyuev avTol<?. Trjv fxev yap 6eov Tov<i <TT€cf)dvov<; crecru- 
 XrjKuat ' tt)? 7roA.e&)9 ^e rov ^ijXov i)(f)aviKaai tov eK 
 T(ov epyoiv, wv vTrofivrjfi yjaav 6vt€<; ol aricpavot' 
 Tov<; 8' dvadevra^ ho^av ov fiiKpdv dcfirjpTjvrac, to 8o- 
 Kelv wv av ev TrdOwcnv eOeXeiv pbe^ivrjaOai. Kal toi- 
 avTa KUL ToaavTa to 7rA.?}^o? kuk elpyaa/nevoi, et? 
 rovTO dfia dvaiadrjataq Kal toXiit}^ TrpoeXTjXvOaaiv, 
 cocTTe fMefivTjvTat tovtwv ax; /caX&j? avTol'i'' 8i(pKr}fievcov, 
 
 ' 6 Tr6pvoi oiroi om. Z Cob. cum pr. 2. 
 
 ° iiroLTid-qaav om. Z Bekk. Bens, jl Timocr. 
 
 ' § 74 uncis incl. Bekk. " avrdls Bens. 
 
 eiroi.r)07)<Tav'] Omitted in || Ti- follows Dobree in denouncing 
 
 mocr. and here, I think, better the words oJo-re fx^/j.vr)TaL — Siy/v-r?- 
 
 away. See various readings. fx^vwv as doubly spurious, an 
 
 6fj.oi6v ye, ov yap;] Timocr. interpolation of an interpola- 
 
 §§ 106, 181. tion: ware /xe/jLvijPTai was first 
 
 § 7-1. Timocrates has not written as a dittographia of 
 
 been mentioned in this speech, aiV^'oynei' oi'erat, 'deindereliqua 
 
 though Androtion, who was addita ob sensum.' 
 doubtless a far more important rbi' ^rj\ov...Tbi' ^k twv Ipyup] 
 
 person, figures largely in the ' The glory resulting from those 
 
 Timocratea. The sudden trans- actions, of which' &c., not 'an 
 
 ition to the plural is therefore, emulation fostered by deeds.' 
 it must be admitted, somewhat dd^av — t6 doKfiv] For this 
 
 awkward: and there is much combination Funkhaenel com- 
 
 plausibility in the notion (first pares de Pace p. 62 § 22 rriv 
 
 started by Emperius in his ob- 86^au tov Tro\(fj.ov rov doKeiu 5i ' 
 
 servations on Dion Chrysostom) avrdf {'i>i\nnrov) Kplcrtv dXrjtpl- 
 
 that this § is wrongly inserted von: and de Symmor. p. 178 
 
 here from i Timocr. It is brack- § 1 tov doKuv ev X^yav S6^av 
 
 eted by Bekker in his later ^(f^^poirat (where however Dind. 
 
 edition, Saupj)e, Benseler, and now reads tov SvfaaOai X^yeiv 
 
 Blass: rejected by Cobet Mine. with MS. 2). 
 Crit. p. .^28— .30. The latter
 
 74 
 
 KATA ANAPOTmNOS [§§74—76. 
 
 waff" 6 fxeu olerai hi eKelvov vcf)' vfMMV awdi'^aecrdat, 
 6 he irapaKadr^Tai Kal ov Karahverai rol^i ireTrpajfie- 
 75 t'Oi?.] ovTQ} h' ov fxovov et9 y^pi'jixaT dvaihy)<i, ak\a 
 Kal crKaLo<i eaTtv, war ovk olhev eKelvo, on aT6(f)avot 
 fiiv elcTCv dpeTrj(; crrjfMelov, (pidXat he Kal rd Toiavra ol/ 
 ttXovtov, Kal (TTe^avo<^ fxev aTra?, kuv puKpo^ y, rrjv 
 tar]v (pcXoTL/j-lav e^et tw fieydXo), eKTTCofiaTa S' 17 6v- 
 /MiaTr]pia, dv /xev u7rep/3d\Xr] tu> TrXrjdet, ttXovtou Tcva 
 
 6 jxiv oterai bC iKeivov'\ i.e. 
 Androtion thinks that he will 
 be acquitted by you, owing to 
 the influence of Timocrates, 
 while T. calmly sits by and 
 does not sink into the earth for 
 shame at his performances. 
 Aneccl. Bekk. p. 151, 22 : Kara- 
 5vo/j,ai. dvTi ToO ai(Txi"'otJ.a.Ly 5o- 
 Tt/ci;: i.e. followed by a dative, 
 as here Toh ir ew pay /xe vols. I 
 agree with Benseler and Cobet 
 that this is making too much 
 of Timocrates, a 'mere subor- 
 dinate' {ein blosser Gehillfe) of 
 A. In II Timocr. the positions 
 are reversed: Timocrates is on 
 his trial (6 neu), and Androtion 
 (who by this time has already 
 been acquitted on the present 
 charge, and is perhaps more 
 insolent than ever) is his power- 
 ful supporter: and the passage 
 is thus in its right place. 
 
 § 75. (T/caids] See the quo- 
 tation from de Cor. § 120 in 
 § 73 71. : 'stupid,' K. ; ' narrow- 
 minded' (bornirt), Benseler. 
 
 dv fj.ev virepjidWri Tip TrX-^^ft] 
 There are two ways in which 
 this and the corresponding 
 clause edv 5' eTrt /ntKpoh tls aeiu.- 
 vtJvrjTaL may be taken. G. H. 
 Schaefer, Funkhaenel, Dindorf, 
 and Benseler seem to agree in 
 thinking that both clauses refer 
 to 'gold plate' only, of which 
 'drinking-cups' and 'censers' 
 
 are taken as common types. 
 These, if of a certain massive- 
 ness, ttXovtov riva 56^av irpoae- 
 Tpl\pa.TO rots KeKTT]/j.ivois (trans- 
 lated below) : but if a man 
 prides himself upon small ones, 
 so far from obtaining any credit 
 on that account, he is thought 
 to be dTretp6Ka\os, wanting in 
 taste. Thus TrXrj9€L=^/j.€y^dei, 
 as Schaefer observes, a point on 
 which there need be no diffi- 
 culty. But surely this is not 
 the notion which a cultivated 
 Athenian would have formed of 
 aTreipoKaXia. To him the dTret- 
 poKaXos was the man devoid of 
 a true feeling for art, the ' Phi- 
 listine, 'the man who could not 
 'live up to' the works of Phi- 
 dias and Ictinus. He would 
 have applied the name to the 
 vulgar rich man with his heavy 
 gold plate as readily as to the 
 silly man who aped wealth upon 
 a small scale. The Greeks were 
 singularly free from that wor- 
 ship of gold and jewels for their 
 own sake, and apart from ar- 
 tistic merit or other associa- 
 tions (such as those of the 
 crowns which Androtion had 
 broken up), which has marked 
 the Oriental mind from the 
 earliest dawn of its literature. 
 
 The preferable explanation is, 
 with K. and R. W., to under- 
 stand fjLLKpois of ' small matters.'
 
 p. G17.] 
 
 nAPANOMnN. 
 
 75 
 
 Bo^av irpoaerpiylraro toI<; K€KTi]/jL€voi<i, eav S' eirl fjbi- 
 Kpol<i Tc<i aeixvvvrjTaL, roaovr aTre^^ei rov rifiP]^ Tivof 
 8id TavTa TV')(^etv war dTr€ip6Ka\o<; 7rpo9 eSo^ev^ elvai. 
 ovTo^ rolvvv dveXwv rd tj}? 80^779 KTi'^piara, ra rov 
 76 ttXovtov 7r€7roL7]Tai pLLicpd Kul ov-)(^ vfjboiv ct^ia. Kal 
 01)8' eKelv elSev, ort Trpo? fiev ^p?//iaT(yz^ Krrjcriv ov- 
 SeTTOoTToO' 6 Siifio^ eaTTovSaae, tt/oo? 8e B6^rj<i w? ovSe 
 7rp6<i €v rcop aXkwv. TeKfMr'/piov Se' ')(pt]fiaTa fiev <ydp 
 irXelaTa twv 'KX\7]i'cov irork cr^wi/ cLTravd' virep (piXo- 
 Tt/Lita? dvrfKoiaev, elac^epwv S" e/c twv IBlcov ovSeva 
 [^TTOoiroTe^^KivSwov uirep So^rjf; e^earr]. a(p ayv Knifjuar 
 ^ V. not. ^ -irihwoTe om. Z Bekk. Bens. Blass, cum SFTflstv. 
 
 Cups and censers, if exceed- 
 ingly numerous, cover their pos- 
 sessor with a certain showy 
 varnish of wealth ('wohl ihre 
 Besitzer mit einem gewissen 
 glanzenden Firniss von Wohl- 
 habenheit umgeben,' Benseler) : 
 but whether more or fewer, they 
 are but small matters, and the 
 man who prides himself upon 
 them is d7r£ip6/ca\oj. Andro- 
 tion, therefore, has shown 
 'tasteless vulgarity' in melting 
 down the wreaths, with their 
 glorious associations, and turn- 
 ing them into vessels which are 
 only so much bullion. 
 
 ToaovT ttTT^x^'] Rather tou- 
 
 Trpdi ido^fv] Dindorf alone 
 prints this as two words : but if 
 with the MSS. we write irpo<ri- 
 bo^fv, the preposition must still 
 be taken separately. Other si- 
 milar instances are Pantaen. 
 p. 981 §49 irpoaaTifiiocrai (where 
 see Sandys) : Boeot. de Nom. 
 p. 1001 § 2;i irpocixLaelv : Callicl. 
 p. 12H0 g 21) TTfioaavKOfPa.vTov- 
 ffiv. I own that 1 prefer Din- 
 dorf's way of writing all these 
 passages divixim. [Blass gives 
 
 ■wpbs l5o^' dvat, though there is 
 no concourse of short syllables 
 to be avoided.] 
 
 § 76. TiKpLTipLov oe] This sen- 
 tence, down to e^effTT], occurs 
 with some variations in LejDt. 
 p. 460 § 10. The allusion in 
 XprilJ-o-Ta vXeicrra. irork ax<J^v is 
 doubtless to the times of Peri- 
 cles : the history of the Olym- 
 pieion, not finished till the time 
 of Hadrian, shows that after 
 the outbreak of the Peloponne- 
 sian war Athens had little to 
 spend on art and architecture. 
 
 ovMva TroiTTore k'lvovvov — (^i- 
 arrj] The best MSS. all omit 
 TTuiTTore here, though in |i Lep- 
 tines there is no variety of 
 reading. For (^^(ttt] with ace. 
 compare, besides ll Lept., de 
 Cor. p. :^31 § 31'.) oi}5^;'a i^i- 
 ara/j-ai ' 1 avoid no one : ' where 
 Drake aptly points out that 
 i^lara/xai takes accus. where 
 (pevyoj might be used, dat. where 
 eiVw, and compares Soph. Aj. 
 82 (ppovovvra yap vlv ovk av 
 i^iarrjv 6kv(^. In Latin exccdere 
 egredi evadere are all found 
 with an accus.
 
 76 
 
 RATA ANAPOTinNOS [§§76—78. 
 
 dddvar avT<p TrepUari, ra fiev rciov epjcov rj jxvr^fir], 
 TO. Be T&v dvadrjpbixTwv rcov iir cKeivots crraOevTwv to 
 KaXko<;, irpoTTvkaia ravra, 6 irapdevoiv, arroal, vewo-oi- 
 Kot, OIK d/x(f)opLaKoc 8v' ovSe ^pi'c7i§e9 rerrape? rj 
 T/3et9, dyova eKdari] fxvdv, a<i, orav aoi BoKrj, av 
 
 "J J iraXiv lypd-^ei^ Kara-^^wveveiv. ov yap ayroi"? BeKa- 
 revovre^, ovB' d Karapda-aivr dv o'l iydpol Troiovvre'i, 
 Si7rXa9 TrpciTToyre? rd<i €La-(f)opn<;, tuvt dveOeaav, ovB^ 
 oioiairep^ aii '^(^pwixevoi, aufi/SovXoi'i eiruXtrevovTOjaWa 
 Tov^ e^^/ooi'9 Kparovvre^, Kal a rrd'^ rt? dv ev (ppovMV 
 ev^acTO, T>)v ttoXlv et? o/xovotav d<yovTe<;, dddvarov 
 /cXeo? avToov XeXotTraat, tov<; eTTLrrjBevcravTa^;^ ola crol 
 
 78 fiefilcorat Trj'i dyopm eipyovTe<;. vfiei<; 8' et? tovt, tw OlS 
 
 ' oloffirep Z Bens. Dind. Blass. 
 
 " eiriTTiSevovTas Dind. Illud STfls et corr. F. 
 
 Twv dvadyjiiidTwv — rb /cdXXos] 
 'the splendour of the (sacred) 
 edifices raised to commemorate 
 them : ' dvadrj/xa in a rare sense 
 of the temple itself, usually of 
 its contents, i.e. votive offer- 
 ings. 
 
 d/x<popia-KCL 56o] ' A pair of 
 little jars, or three or four gold- 
 en saucers each weighing a 
 mina' K. — rerrapes T^rpets, with 
 the smaller number last, = 
 ' four, or perhaps only three.' — 
 Xpvaisis explained &s = (pid\yj in 
 the grammarians (Harpocrat., 
 Bekk. Anecd. 31C, 14). Ben- 
 seler treats it as a diminutive 
 {Schalche7i) ; his word for dfj.- 
 <popi(XKOL [Henkelkrii cjelchen) pre- 
 serves the notion of a vessel 
 ivith handles always conveyed 
 by d/x^opevs ( = dfM(p(.(popevs, d/jtcpi 
 and (pepeiv). For the sense of 
 ayeiv compare Timocr. § 129 
 
 TOV dKlvdK7]V TOV MopSoi'tOl', OS 
 
 1776 TpiaKoaiovs dapeiKovs : C Ti- 
 
 moth. p. 1193 § 32 Treieei ad- 
 Tov 6 warrip 6 e/xos TijxrjV diToka- 
 ^eiv Tu)v ^laXQp, baov riyov at 
 (pidXai.. 
 
 § 77. SsKareijovTe^] Used 
 quite generally for any excessive 
 taxation ; the double eicripopa. 
 below does not necessarily refer 
 to BeKarevovTes. Cf. Diet. Aiitiq. 
 s.v. Decumae, i. 608 b; Class. 
 Rev. i. 150. 
 
 o'ioKJirep av] § 64 71. 
 
 Tr\v irbXiv eis bfxhvoLav ayovrei] 
 Whereas the tendency of A.'s 
 proceedings was to excite dis- 
 content and opposition. 
 
 TTjs dyopa.^ elpyovres] The 
 Atimia, denounced against such 
 immorality as Andiotion was 
 accused of, disqualified from 
 speaking in the public assem- 
 blies. There is no reference to 
 buying and selling in the mar- 
 ket-place : no aquae et ignis in- 
 terdictio. Cf. Timocr. §§ 60, 
 103.
 
 p. 618.] 
 
 nAPANOMON. 
 
 77 
 
 av8p€<i 'Xdrjvacot, Trpof]^^' evrjOeia'i koX pa6vfj,la<i 
 QXTT ov8e roiavT e^ovre^ TrapaSelyfjiaTa Tavra fii- 
 fielcrde, ciX\ WvSpoTLcov v/xtv TTOfiTreicov eincrKevacnri^, 
 ^AvSpoTLcov, CO yfj Kai deoi. koI tovt da-e^Tj/jb eXar- 
 Tov TLvo<; Tjyelade ; eyco p,ev <ydp olfiai Setv tov eh lip* 
 elaLovra xal ')(epvl^(i)v Kal Kavdov dyjro/jLevov koI Tr]<; 
 7rpo<i Tov^ ^fou? e7rf/LieX.ei'a9 Trpocrrdrijv ia6p.evov ov^t 
 Trpoeiprj/xevov^ rjixepwv dpiOfxov dyveveiv, dXXd rbv 
 ^iov -qyvevKevai, rotourcov i7riT7)8€v/j,dra)v ola rovToy 
 
 •> -wv Bens. Blass cum libris. 
 
 § 78. evrjdeias Kal pq.6viiiias] 
 Stmnpfsinn und Sorglosigkeit, 
 ' stupidity and carelessness.' 
 This bit of plain speaking 
 waSj it will be remembered, to 
 be uttered by Diodorus, not by 
 the young author of the speech. 
 
 iroftTreluv eTrKTKeuaffrrjs] § 69 n. 
 
 'AvdpoTiUjv, (i yjj Kai dfoi] For 
 the stinging repetition (Epana- 
 diplosis, Blass p. 153) of the 
 man's name, comp. Aristocr. 
 p. 690 § 210 Kai XapiSrifMov ei 
 XPV (ppovpeiv povXfveTaL ; Xap/- 
 dri/xov ; oi/jLoi. ' Often quoted,' 
 says Prof. Mahaffy Gr. Lit. ii. 
 347 n. 
 
 Kai TOVT iiji^Tiixa !\aTTov tLvo^ 
 riyelffde ;] Sic resolvendum : 
 TovTO tIvos dfffprifj.aTos IXaTTOv 
 a(Ti§r)ixa i)yei<r6( ; G. H. Schae- 
 fer. 
 
 Xepvi^wv] The doubt is as 
 old as Harpoeration whether 
 this is from x^P^i-^ov the vessel 
 or x^P""/' the holy water. The 
 Scholiast takes it of the former : 
 
 ov ToO vdaTOS aWa tQiv ayyeiij)!', 
 and so Benseler. K. understands 
 it of the latter, and Weil justly 
 remarks that x^P^'-i^"" is "d'un 
 Atticismedouteux." For /cai'uij' 
 see Diet. Antiq. s.v. Cane- 
 phoros. 
 
 TTpoeipriiJi^vov ijfjiepuiv dpidfJ-bv] 
 Reiske's correction for irpoHpT]- 
 fj.ev(j3v, received by all editors 
 except Benseler. This critic 
 argues ingeniously that not 
 merely the number of days, but 
 the particular days for cere- 
 monial purity were prescribed : 
 and defends the reading of the 
 MSS. On the other hand, the 
 tendency of copyists to make 
 every word agree with the near- 
 est to it, and irrespective of 
 the sense, is a well-known and 
 fruitful source of error. In 
 li Timocr. the best MSS. read 
 TaKTbv, the rest as here irpoei- 
 p-nixivtav : and Weil adopts 
 TaKTbv here.
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOY2. 
 
 AIBANIOT TnoeESis. 
 
 AioScwpo? fiev Kilvravda 6 Karrj'yopo'^' Karrj'yopet 
 Se vo/JLOV fiaXa (^iKavOpodirov, hioirep airo t?;? aiTia<i 
 Kai T771? rov yeypacpoTo^; 'yvoofirj'i Sta^aWeiv avrov 
 Treipdrai. eaTi S' 6 vop.o'^ 6 rov Ti/jbOKparov; tolov- 
 T0<;, et Tivt ^ A6r]vaL(t)P eir 6(p\y]fMaTL BTjfMoaLfp irpoa- 
 TeTifirjTat, Sea/xov rj koI to Xocttov 7rpocrri/jb7]deir], 
 e^elvat, avrw ?; aWo) virep avrov €'y'yv7)Ta<i KaraaTq- 
 cravTi Tov 6(f)\rjfjLaT0(;, 0O9 av 6 Sfj/xo^ '^eipoTOvrjcrri, 77 
 firjv €VTo<i prjrfj'i Trpodea/jLca^ eKTiaeiv, d<p€ta6aL rov 
 Sea/juov' edv he eiriaravTO^ rov y^povov firj eKTicrOy to 
 6(f)\rj/xa, TOV jJL€v e^e'yyvrjOevTa SeSeaOac, tcov Be 
 iyyvrjTciov Brj/Mocrlav eivat ttjv ovcrLav. tovtov acTia- 
 Tai, rov v6p,ov 6 Karij'yopo'i ov^ virep rov kolvov ye- 
 <ypd(f)dac, dX)C virep ^AvBpoTicovo<; koI TXavKerov koI 
 M.€Xavoo7rov. ovroi yap, (^rjoi, Tre/i^^eWe? eh Ka- 
 piav Trpea/Sevral Kal ifKeovre^ ev rpcijpei, Trepnre- 
 cr6vTe<i l>iavKpariTai<^ dvOpcuiroi^; e/jL7r6poi<;, d(f>et\ovTO 
 avrojv rd •^prj/xara. eiO' oi NavKparlrai /mev iXdov- 
 
 Arguvient. Kavravda] As well yvw/jLTjs, 'the intention of its 
 
 as against Androtion. Did these proposer. ' 
 
 two speeches stand together in wpoOeafiias^ Diet. Antiq. s.v. 
 
 Libanius' copies ? Prothesmia. 
 
 TTJi alrias] 'the motive' of the Trpeo-jSei/rat] See § 12 of the 
 
 law, nearly ^^T'^s toD ytypa(p6T0i speech.
 
 ARGUMENT.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 79 
 
 re? 'Adijva^e tov hrjfiov iKerevov, o Se 8r]fM0<; eyvco 
 irokefiia elvat ra ■)(^priiiaTa, koI ^r) helv dirohoOrfvai 
 Toi<; efnr6poi<;. tovtcov Se ovtco 'yevo/u.evcov W.p^€/3io<; 
 Koi AvaiOeLSr}^ ol TpLrjpap')(Oi Trj<; ve(o<;, e(/)' ^9 eirXeov 
 01 Trepl TOV 'AvSpoTicova, elaeirpc'iTrovTo ra 'y^pjjfiara. 
 fU9 Se eKeivoi fiev ovk ecpdvqcrav e^oi^re? aird, ol 695 
 irpetj^evral hk wfxoXoyovv e^ety avTa, koL eBet, irdv 
 ')(^p7]fxa Kara^dWeLv ij T0L<i v6fM0L<; vTroTTiirretv rot? 
 TU)v 6<f)ei\6vTcov Tti SrjfxSaia, 8id tovto, (prjcri, tovtov 
 TOV vofjLov TifioKpdrr]^ ^orjdovvTa €KeivoL<i eOrjKev. 
 6 fMevroi TifioKpdTri<; iKT€TtKevai (pTjal rd ^p/jfxaTa 
 TOi)? Trepl WvSpoTLOiva, kul StjXov ivrevOev elvaL co? 
 OVK iKeivcov €V€Ka TOV vofiov elaecpepev avrot;. kuttj- 
 lyopet 8e 6 l^ioScopo^ koX dWo tov vo/jLOv' ttjv re yap 
 decriv avTov /jue/iKpeTat (w? yeyovvlav irapd tov<; v6- 
 fjiov^, Kul virevavTiov eivat T0t<; dp-^aloi^ </>'?crt, Koi 
 davfK^opov Tol^ KOLvol<; eTnBecKvva-iv. 
 
 ETEPA TnOQESlS. 
 
 UoXe/xov Tuy)(^dvovTO<; W.drjvaloi'i Trpof /SacrtXia, 
 KUTO, TOVTOV TOV ^P*^^^^ eypd(f)rj -ylr/jcfyia/jLa avXa 
 irXoicov TToXeixiwv elvai Kal ylveadai Ta Tifiij/xaTa 
 
 OVK €<p6.vrj<Tav lx<"'7'fs] Liba- constitutional rules; (3) impo- 
 
 nius probably means, as a clas- litic. 
 
 sical writer would have meant, Second Artjumeitt. Thiswriter's 
 
 'were proved not to have' the Greek, and his judgment also, 
 
 money, not 'did not appear.' are greatly inferior to that of 
 
 Androt. § 21 ra. But in the best Libanius. 
 
 Greek we sliould not find wdv iyparpv i^ricpLaixa] As if the 
 
 XP^M" for Ta;/Ta, 'everything.' decree liad bnen made for the 
 
 irapa. toi)s v6fJLovs...virfi'ai>Tioi> occasion, and the destruction of 
 ...a<run<popov] So in the Andro- the enemy's commerce were not 
 tion, A.'s motion to crown the a regular incident of naval war- 
 senate is attacked on the same fare ! The use of tQv kXottQv 
 three grounds as (1) illegal, lia- for 'the captures' shows a want 
 ble to a ypa<(>ri irapavhij.wv ; (2) a of command of the language. 
 violent subversion of established (tCXo ttXo/wc] 'thattheeuemy'a
 
 80 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [argument. 
 
 roov kKottoov Srjfjboaia. Mavaco\o<i, t^9 Kapta? cra- 
 rpd'Trrj'i, ra.'i irepav vrjaovi r;S//cet. Kare/Bowv ol 
 /dXairrofxevoc, koI tov<; ' Kdrjvaiov; inreKaXovvTO. 
 eho^e Sid 'Trpecr/Secov reo)? alric'icracrdai rov Kdpa. 
 ireiMTTovatv ovv 'AvSporicova koI MeXdvtOTrov Kav 
 VXavKerriv irpo<; rov dpxovra Kapta? MavacoXov, 
 Tov Trj<i 'ApTefiiaLa<i dvhpa koI dheXcpov, g5? aScKOVvra 
 Td<; vr]aov<i alTtaaofxevov^;, kul l3aaiXet ^apt^o/Aevoj/, 
 Bt oi> KaKw^ eiroUi rov^ "EWrjva'i. ovtoi vrjt irepi- 
 TvxovT€^ 'NavKpaTiTtKi/ AljvTrTta ixo^o-T] (j)opTia 
 (SceKOfiL^ov 8e tovtov^ Tov<i Trpia^eL^ 'Ap;^e^<o<? Kol 
 AvatdeL8r]<i rptrjpapxoc) KaTayovaiv et? tov HeLpatd 
 TTjv oXKdSa. KOI Xoyoov <yevo/jievo)v toi? AljVTrriOi'i 
 7rpo9 TOV Bf/fiov Kal iK€TeLa<;, ovSh yjttov eKptdr] tu 696 
 Xprifiara elvai h7]p,6(Tia &5? iroXefx'iwv ovtcov twv Al- 
 r/VTTTicov. vo/xou Sk TrpoaTdTTOvTa TOV ^i^pT^cra/iez^oi/ 
 hriixoa-iot^ Xprif^cicriv eV ivtavTov 6\ov hnrXdaia TavTO, 
 SiSovat, KaTaaxovTe^ ol 7rpecr/3€i<; ovtol TaXavTa ivvea 
 Kal TpiaKovTa ixvd^ tmv direfMTroXrjdivTcov cpopTLCov eic 
 Tfj<; vew<; virevdwoi eylvovTO tm 8r]fMoa(.u> Kac tw ot- 
 irXaaitp. a7ravi6Tr}TO<; 8e xPVf^'^'^'^^ KaTaaxovaT]^ 
 TOV hrjpLOV, 'ApiaTO(f)MV rt? hr)p,a<yo3yo^ eypayjre yjrr]- 
 (j)Lafxa eXicrdai ^r)T'r]Td<; tcvv o^eiXovTwv Ty iroKeL koI 
 aTTOTreLpco/jievcov BiaXadelv, Kal tovtov<; firjvveiv. ifirj- 
 vvaev FjVKT7]/x(ov 6 irpof; 'AvSpoTiMva /xtKpS rrpoadev 
 
 vessels should be lawful prizes, yond.' The Scholiast mentions 
 
 and the proceeds of the captures Cos and Rhodes, and (less accu- 
 
 after valuation become the pro- rately) Chios, 
 perty of the State.' R.W. The tc^ StTrXao-tV] G. H. Schaefer 
 
 form (TvXai ' right of seizure, re- suggested tou BnrXaaiov. So be- 
 
 prisals,' is to be distinguished low 1. 20 Bekker points out that 
 
 from avXa, prizes or captured ii(pei.\ov ought to be uxpXov, and 
 
 property. It occurs c. Lacrit. p. 697. 18 dXX' ovf ye tov /xrj 
 
 p. 927 § 13, p. 931 § 26. ought to be dXX' ovv rod ye fx-q. 
 
 ras iripav vr)(Tovs\ 'opposite' But it seems hardly worth while 
 
 or ' adjacent' islands, not 'be- to correct this writer's Greek.
 
 ARGUMENT.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 81 
 
 aycovKrd/jbevo'i, vvvl he 7rpo<i TifxoKpdrrjv, ey^etv 'Ap^^e- 
 ^Lov Kal Avcnd6i8r]v e/c T179 Xl<yvTrria<i 6\Kd8o<i rd- 
 \avra ivvea kol rpidKOvra p,vd<;. eypayfre 8e StjXovotl 
 (f)€vyQ)v /uLGV rrjv eV tov irpocpavov'i 7rpo<i XvhpoTiwva 
 ^d-)(r}v, hid 8e tt]^ tcov rptripap'^wv /xvi] /mt]^; ovSev 
 riTTOv iTTLfBovXevcov TO) WvSpoTicovi. 8caScKa(TLa<; 8e 
 >yevofj.€V7)<; Tot9 irpea^ecn irpo^ Tov<i rpLrjpdp-^ov';, rjr- 
 Trjdrjcav 01 7rpeo"/3ei<? Kal wcpetXov rd y^pi^jxara. irpocr- 
 TdTT0VT0<; 5e vofiov tov ocfielXovTa eVl tov 8evT6pov 
 eviavTov 8e8ia6ai, ew? dv eKTLar), e/xeWov Ta> Secr/ioS 
 Kal ol 7rpeal3et<i KaOvTro/SdWecrdai. iv 8e tcG Kaipw 
 TovTtp dp-)(^o/j,€vov TOV 8evT€pov evLavTov, ei> w Kal 
 8e6rivai, Tovq 7rpecr/3€L<; i'^prjv, ejpayfre Ti/ji0KpdT7)<; 
 VOflOV TOLOVTOV, €1 TlVt Toov 6(f>ec\6vT(ov TU> 8rifio(n,q) 
 8ecr/xov TrpoaTeTL/xrjTat KaTa vopiov i) KaTu -^^-qc^taiMa 
 Kal TO XoLTTov TTpoarifMrjOfj, i^elvat avTU) KUTaaTTJaavTt 
 T/jei? iyyvr]Td<; 77 firju eKTicretv, 01)9 di> 6 8rj/j.o<; -)(^eipo- 697 
 Tovrjcrr), ddileaOai tov 8eap,ov' idv Se f^rj iKTia-rj avTO^; 
 T) 01 eyyvTjTai, tov fxev i^eyyvrjdevTa 8€8eadai, twv 8e 
 iyyvrjTcov 8r)/jLoaLav eivai Trjv ovcriav. tovtou tov 
 vo/jiov ypa<^i)v dirrjveyKavTO AidSwpo? Kal Euktjj/ikov 
 0)9 Trapavofxov Kal d8LK0v Kal davfji(f)6pov. \\v8poTLcov 
 Be Kal rXavKiTT)<i Kal ^leXdvcoTrof, crvvievTe^ 8c av- 
 TOL'9 yeyevrjcrOat Trjv ypa(j>'t]v, KaTa^dXXovatv ivvea 
 TaXavra Kal TpidKOVTa fxvd^, taa)<^ p,kv ovk dv KaTa- 
 /3aXovTe<i, el p-rj ttjv ypacfirjv €7re8oaav ol KUTrjyopoi, 
 6fiQ)<; 8' ovv KaTe/3aXov. KaTrjyopel toIvvv Kvkti'j/jLcov 
 
 diaSiKavlas] See § 13 of the =,S'</*/(.''i. 411 note «. In reality 
 
 Speech. a state debtor, whetlier farmer of 
 
 iwl ToO Ofvripov iviavTov'\ the taxes or not, mit,'ht be im- 
 
 Boeckh pointH out tliat the prisoned at any time in certain 
 
 writer, whom lie inadvertently circumstances; Schoeniaun,. I /;- 
 
 calls Libanius, has confused the f/7. j). 4.'>1 E. T. The point will 
 
 actual hiw with the proposal of be further discussed in the nott^s 
 
 Tiraocrates, 1'. K. p. H40 n. 1.59 to the Speech (see §§ '2, 3'.) f., 50). 
 
 W. D. G
 
 82 KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. [argument. 
 
 Kal AioScupo?, (f)daKovT€^ fxev Bid tov^ Trpetr/Set? ^e- 
 jpdipdat TOP vofiov' el Be Kal e^eriaav ev tm fiera^v 
 ')^p6vw, BeBofiivrj^; tt}? 'ypa(f>rj(; tovto eTTOtrjaav, ware 
 Tr)v Trpoaipecrtv tov vo/xoOerov inrairlav elvat. ovBev 
 Be rjTTOv e^erd^et tov vofiov 6 pijrcop &)? Kal Kar dWoi/ 
 TpoTTOV €')(^ovTa KaKW<i' Kal 'yap 7rapav6fio)<; reOelcrdaL 
 <f)r]ai Kal inrevavr Lai's e^eti' toI? vofiOL<i, Kat aXXo)? 
 dBcKelv Kal /SXdTrreiv, Bi wv irpocndTreL, rr)v iroKcv. 
 Bid ravra yovv Kal ai VTrodeaei<i rov Xoyov Bvo, fxia 
 fiev on Bid toi)? 7rpecr/Set<? jeypaTrrai, erepa Be on 
 virevavT io<i T049 v6fioi<i Kal eVi^^/xto? Kal dBiKOf. 
 ware el eBvvaro iK(f)uyeiv 6 Ti/jioKpdT7]<i Tr)v alriav 
 roil /jlt] Bid Tov<; Trpecr^ei^ yeypacfiipai, nXk" ovv ye tov 
 firj TTovrjpov elvai ov Bmcpev^eTai. eBvvaro fxev yap 
 TOV vopLoderov KaTrjyopeiv 6 Ai6B(opo<i, on TTovTjpbv 
 eypayjre vofiov Kal virevavTiov Toi-i v6/Jioi<i, Kal ijpKeaev 
 dv avTut TTpo'i vrrodeaiv ravra' vvv Be Kal ttjv Kara 698 
 Twv irpeajSewv vpoaeiXrjipe Bia^oXrj^ eveKa rov vo/u,o- 
 dirov. 7} fjiev ovv viroOeai'i rr]<i alria^:, Bi fjv edrjKe 
 rov vofiov, aroxcKTriKrj ' ^rjreirai yap el Bid tov<; 
 TT/aecr/Set? edrjKev rj ov' rj Be Kard rov vofiov irpay- 
 IxariKr)' KadoXov yap rrdaa Karrjyopia prjrov irpay- 
 /j,aTiK))v drrepydi^erai ardaiv. prjTov Be Xeyco ovk e^ 
 
 wVt£ Tr]v irpoaipecriv] 'so that the benefit of the ambassadors, 
 
 the jjurpose of the mover of the the other (of fact) that it is il- 
 
 law was (equally) blameworthy.' legal, hurtful in its effects, and 
 
 In Attic writers 6 vo/jio6eTr]s unjust.' Compare the end of 
 
 would hardly mean any one but Libanius' Argument. The for- 
 
 Solon, vo/jLoOiTai the legislative mer is the iinbdecns rvji alrias, 
 
 committee selected from the and as such a matter of cou- 
 
 Heliastic body (see § 21): here jecture {aToxa(yTi-Kri): for the 
 
 it should have been tov rbu v6- latter see the next note. 
 nov ypa.\pavTOi, as in § 28. wacra KaTr)-yopia..(TTa<nv'\ 'every 
 
 at virodiffui rod Xoyov 5vo] charge against a written docu- 
 ' the questions argued in the ment (in English law, ' of re- 
 speech are two, one (of motive) cord') raises a question of fact.' 
 that the law was proposed for For ffrdaLs cf. note on Androt.
 
 ARGUMENT.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 83 
 
 oinrep erepov tl ^TjTelTai, cocnrep iv o-To^atr/io;, ovBe 
 Tov dvacpepofjLevov et? Te')(yr]v koI i^ovaiav, Sairep iv 
 dvTt\rji^ei. eicel fiev eVl rol? eK^e^rjKoaLv rj Kpiai^i, 
 iv 8e T17 "TrpayfMaTLKT} eVt fieWovai. koI Sel yeypa- 
 ^dac TO pijrov iv v6/jL0L(; kuI iv yfrrjcf^Lcrfiaaiv. 'iaru 
 Toivvv TOVTOV TOV Xoyov K€<f)d\aia reaaapa, ev fiev 
 TO v6fj,cp,ov, o StTjpijTat Si%^, et'9 re to TTpoaoiirov koX 
 £i<i TO Trpdy/Jia, TovTecrTcv etV avTov tov vofxov, 07r<u? 
 ivavTLO^; icni Tot? vop-oa, hevTepov to Slkulov, TpiTov 
 TO avfKpipov, '6tl i7ri.^j']/jiLo<;, TeTapTov to Swutov, otl 
 xal dSvvaTov^ iiTLTaTTeL 7rpd^eL<;. ?} Kpivofievrj ovv 
 virodeai'i iaTiv avTr} t) iv Tol<i Ke(j)a\aioL<i. ttjv yap 
 KaTCL TO)v irpkc^eoiv viroOeaiv iv ttj KUTaa-TdcreL Koi 
 TrapeKJ^dcrei TedecKe 8ia/3oXri<; evexa BrjXovoTi. iTretBrj 
 yap v6fio<i BoKel ^iXavd pooiroTaTO^; elvai, tcov hecrjMwv 
 u(f)i€L<i, TOVTOV kvCKa avTeOrjKe TrXelaTa fiev Kal dXXa, 
 fjidXtaTa oe Ta ovo TauTa, ti]v Te virodeaiv ttjv kutcl 
 ToO? TrpeV/Seis", I'va ttj vTrovoia TavTrj tov aKpoaTr/v iv 
 VTroyfria Bov'i kuto, tov uvtiSlkov ireiar] co? toi' v6p,ov 
 hi aia'x^poKepSeiav t€0€Ik6to<; virep prjTopcov Kal iroXt- 
 TevofJL€V(ov, dpiracrai Ta KOLvd irpoatpovfxevayv, Kal to 699 
 u<TVfx(f)opoVy iv oj dirocTTeprjaaL ti]v iroXiv dirdvTwv 
 TO)v oc^Xtj/jlutcov ^ovXeTaC Kal to ciSikov, iv w '6tc 
 dva^ioi<s Sea/icoTai^ Tifv ^apti* Blhoicri. Trpo? he to 
 hvvaTov, OTC el Kal i/3ovX6fj.eda, ovk tjv BvvaTov 
 dvaipovvTai yap tt}? 7roXtTeca<i ol Kav6ve<;. fit] d- 
 yvodo/xev Be otl to /xev vofitfiov Ke(f)dXacov ivTeXeaTaTa 
 
 Argura. p. 596, 8, where ^ypa- f,'rammarian has yet made: 'the 
 
 <poi correHpouflfl to prjrSv here. lej^'al argument is worked out 
 
 di>Ti\r)\l/(i] 'objection.' very comijlctclj',' because it is 
 
 Koraffrdact] 'statement of tlie the strong' point: the otlicr and 
 
 case.' weaker pleas are iiurjjosuly juin- 
 
 t6 niu f6txi/xov KftpaXaiov] The bled together. lu the Crown, 
 
 most sensible remark which this on the contrary, the question 
 
 6—2
 
 84 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [% 1, 2, 
 
 eipyacTTac, to Se hiKaiov koI to avfi(}>epov Kol to 8v- 
 vaTov aWi'fkoL'i avfiTrXeKeTai. koI to fiev (Tv/j,<p€pov 
 iv TOVToa ecrrl to 7rpor]<yov/xevov, KaTaa Kevd^eTai 8e 
 8cd re Tov Bikolov koI tov dZiKOV kol tov dSvvaTov' 
 irdv yap dSiKov Koi davfM(j)opov. tw S' avTm kuX irepl 
 TOV dSvvdTOv /3id^€Tat '^pija-OaL Xoyo)' o yap dSvvaTov 
 <f)'r]a'c, TovTo St] kuI daufKJyopov. Kal eTreiBrj Tl/jlo- 
 
 KpdTT}^ TToXlKi i(TTl Trj (^ikavd pCOTvia TOV v6p,ov XP^~ 
 
 /j.evo<;, avTrj he eVi to SiKaiov dva(f)epoLTO dv, Bid 
 TOVTO A'r)ixo(rdev7]<i 7ravTa')(^ov tm dcrvfx,(f>6p(p Ke)(pr)TaL, 
 BeLKvv<i iirt^Xajirj Kal i7ri^7]fxcov Tvy)(^dvovTa ttj iroXei 
 
 TOV VOflOV. 
 
 Tov fiev dywvo<;, w dfBpe^ Bt,Ka(TTal, tov irap6vT0<i 700 
 ovB^ dv avTov olfiac Ti/jiOKpdTijv elirelv (w? oItlo^ eaTcv 
 dWo<i Tt? avTM TrXrjV avTO^; auTM. -xprj/jbaTCov ydp 
 ovK oXiywv dirocTTeprjaaL ^ovX6/xevo<; ttjv ttoXiv, Trapd 
 7rdvTa<i Tovii vopbov^ v6/xov elaijveyKev ovt eTTLTJjBetov 
 ovTe BiKaiov, w dvBpe^ BtKacTTai' 09 Ta /juev dXX^ ocra 
 Xv/xaveiTao Kal ')(elpov e^eit' ra Kotvd Troitjaei, Kvpio^ 
 el yevt]creTai, Td'^a Btj KaO' €KaaTov uKovovTe'i ifiov 
 fia6i)aecx6e, ev B\ pbeytarTov e^ft) Kal 7rpo')(^etp6TaTov 
 2 7rpc<i v/jLd<i elTrelViOVK nTTOTpeylro/xac' Tr]vydp v/xeTepav 
 
 of law is the weak point of the introduced a laiv in violation of 
 
 orator's defence; and it is care- <(// tlie existing laws ivhir.h icas 
 
 fully hidden away in the middle neither expedient nor just, and 
 
 of the speech, and lost in the tlie effect of which, if it is al- 
 
 blaze of splendid rhetoric. lowed to jj«s.s, will be immense 
 
 [§§ 1 — 16. Introductory.] §§ pecuniary loss to the state. 
 1 — 5. Exordium: demerits of Tov /xev dyuvos] The Scho- 
 
 Timocrates (Sia/SoX-ij tov wpoffu- liast observes that this /x^v has 
 
 TTov, Schol.) §§ 1 — b: public im- no 5e corresponding to it. It is 
 
 portance of the case {av^rjffn tov in reality repeated at to /j.€v odv 
 
 TTpdyfiaTos), §§ 4, 5. irpdyfx.a (end of § .5) and answer- 
 
 § 1. Timocrates has only him- ed by "Iva 5' v/jluv /x-rjdds dav- 
 
 self to thank for this prosecution. fJ-a-'^v- 
 From purely selfish motives he djroTpifo/j.ai] 'hesitate, shrink
 
 p. 700.] KATA TIMOKPATOT2. 
 
 85 
 
 'ylrr}(f)ov, rjv 6/j,(o/jLok6t€<; Trepl Travrcov (j^epere, \vei Kot 
 TToiel Tov fn]8ev6<i a^iav o tovtovX vo/io^, ovj(^ 'iva Koivrj 
 TL Trjv TToXiv d)^e\rj(Tr) (ttoJ? 7ap ; 09 76, a SoKel avve- 
 Xei'V rrjv TToXtreiav, ra hiKacrTi^pta, ravr ciKvpa iroiel 
 T(Sv TrpocrTi/jLTjfMdrcov roov" eVl rot? dBiKyj/jLaaiv e« roov 
 voficov o)pi(Tfj,6vo)v) aW Iva rcov ttoXvv ')(^p6vov vfMd<i 
 Tti'e? eKKeKapTTco/xivcov koI iroWci toUv vfieripcov ScTjp- 
 TTUKOTfav fj,r)8' d KkeTTTOvre'i (^avepw'i eKrj^drjcrav Kara- 
 
 " 0))i. Z, V. not. 
 
 from : ' a better reading than dn-o- 
 jcpv^ofiai (yp. 2r, Blass). G. H. 
 fcichaefer compares the conclud- 
 ing words of Prooem. 23, p. 
 1434 : Kciv i'/xels fj.T) TreicrdiiTe, ovk 
 dwoTpe^o/j-aL Xeyeif. Cf. below, 
 §§ 104, 200, where there is the 
 same variety of reading. 
 
 § 2. The most obvious objec- 
 tion to T.'s laic is, that it deprives 
 the courts of the (discreti())ian/) 
 power of aicarding further penal- 
 ties for wrongful acts. Not for 
 the sake of anij advanta<je to the 
 state, that is impossible, but that 
 tlie clique of tliose who fatten 
 upon your plunder may not be 
 compelled to disgorye. 
 
 tQiv TTpoo'Ti.nTjfj.a.Twi' tCiv iirl] 
 The reading is greatly improved 
 by the addition of the second 
 tCiv, showing that the construc- 
 tion is dKvpa TU)V ■Kpo(jTifj.r)p.aT{i}v, 
 'unable to enforce their aggra- 
 vations of punishment' (Straf- 
 verscharfungeii, Benseler), as in 
 §§ 7!i, 102, i;)l: otherwise tQu 
 TrptxTT — CupLa p.iv{iiv would be a 
 rather awkward gen. absolute. 
 The Athenian law allowed the 
 state debtor tliirty days to find 
 the money before execution was 
 levied, and jirovided that the 
 amount should be doubled after 
 the ninth I'rytany. In the in- 
 terval there was a discretionary 
 
 power to imprison where default 
 was to be feared, vested in the 
 law-courts according to Demo- 
 sthenes: Schoemann says in the 
 Council (Senate), Antiq. p. 451. 
 The subst. ■n-poaTi/j.rjfj.a seems to 
 occur only here and in the 
 grammarians Pollux and Har- 
 pocration : I prefer the render- 
 ing 'additional penalty' to the 
 simple 'penalty' (K.). According 
 to Eeiske, Ind. Bern. s. v., irpocr- 
 TLfjLav may 'often' be understood 
 in the same sense as Ti/j-df. but 
 he fails to prove this. His most 
 plausible instance is in g 103 of 
 this Speech, edv rts dX^i KXanris 
 Kal 1X7) Ti/xr]drj davdrov, vpoaTifxav 
 avTifi deafMov : where however see 
 note. 
 
 KKiiTTovTei (pavepus iXrjcpdr]- 
 crav] The allusion is not to the 
 capture of enemies' property, 
 called kXottti at the beginning 
 of the Second Argument ; but to 
 the fact that the ambassadors 
 admitted the possession of the 
 money (below, § 13 n.). 
 
 § 3. His task has been easier 
 than mine: lie has been bribed 
 to briny in his hiw, and what 
 is more, paid beforehand; wliile 
 I stand up for your rights, not 
 only without hope of reward, 
 but at the risk of losiny lOOO 
 drachmas.
 
 86 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§2—6. 
 
 3 0Q)<TL KoX ToaovTfp pdov itTT ISla TLvcL^i OepaTTeveiv 
 Tj rtov vfjieTepwv hiKaloov^' rrpotaTaadai 6)cr6^ ovto<; fiev 
 e;^et Trap iicelvoiv apyvpiov koL ov irporepov rovrov 
 ela7]ve'yK€v inrep avrcov tov vofiov, €/j,oi 8' iv -^iKiaL'i yo\ 
 virep vjjLWV 6 Kivhvvo<i' roaovrov airkyoa tov Xa^elv 
 
 4 Tt irap vfjicov. elwdacn fiev ovv ol iroXXoX toSv irpdr- 
 T€iv Ti 7rpoaipov/j,ev(ov rcov koivmv Xeyeiv eo? ravd" 
 vfilu cTTTOvSaioTaT earl koI fxaXicTT d^tov 'irpocre')(eLv 
 TovroL<i, virep wv dv avrol rvyy^avwai TTOLovfievoi tov^ 
 X070U9. eyo) 8\ elnrep rivl tovto koI dWw irpoarj- 
 K6vT(i)<; ecpTjTai, vo/xl^o) Kafiol vvv dpfiorreiv elirelv. 
 
 5 TU)v yap ovTcov dyaOwv rfj TToXei Kal tov SrjfioKpa- 
 Tovixevrjv Kal iXevdepav elvai &)? dXXo to tcov vofMcov 
 alTccoTepov iaTiv, ovS' dv ev ei'rreiv'^ olfxai. irepl 
 
 TolvVV aVTOV TOVTOV vvv VfJblv eO"Tt, TTOTepOV Set T0U9 
 
 ^ev dXXov<; vofxov^ ou? eVl T049 dSLKOvaL ttjv iroXiv 
 ^ 5iKaius Bens, cum Sr. •= dTreh ^x^iv Bl. 
 
 depaireieiv] 'pay court to,' K, statutes against public offenders 
 
 Eatlier perhaps ' study the in- are to be invalidated, and this 
 
 terests of,' 'watch for oppor- oie to be established, or this 
 
 tunities of aiding:' as in de Cor. to be repealed and the others to 
 
 p. 332 § 322 rds rt^as, rds 8v- remain in force. 
 vaffTeias, rets €v5o^ias rrjs ira- § 4. dihdacri fxkv ovv'\ Com- 
 
 Tpidos depaireveLv, ravras aij^uv. pare the opening words of Isocr. 
 
 and de i'. L. p. 411 § 226 = 250 Or. 3 de Pace: "ATraires fxh dih- 
 
 Tois TO. '^lMttttov irpdyfiad' jiprj- dacrtv oi Trapidures evddde ravra 
 
 fi^vois depaTreveiv. ixi-yi.cTa (pd(TK€ii> eluai Kal fidXicrra 
 
 ev x'^'<^'s] Androt. §§ 26, 28. a-rrovdij? d^ia rrj irdXet, Trepl Cov 
 
 Below, § 7. dv avTol p-eWuici crvp.j3ov\eua-€iv • 
 
 TOffovTov dw^x'^] Androt. § oi) yUTji' dW ei Kai irepi dXXuv 
 
 2 n. TLVwv irpayfidruv ijp/jLO(re Toiavra. 
 
 §§ 4, 5. When, in accord- irpoeiwdv, 5oKei /xoi irpiireLv Kal 
 
 ance ivith the usual practice of nepl tQv vvv irapovrwv evreCdev 
 
 public men, I insist tipon the woLriaaadai rrjv dpxvv. If these 
 
 importance of the matter in passages stood alone, the re- 
 
 hand, this is no mere figure of semblance is no more than may 
 
 speech; for we all attribute our be expected in an oratorical 
 
 freedom and prosperity to the commonplace: but Funkhaenel 
 
 law, and the question now be- (in Zeitschr. filr Alterthumsw. 
 
 fore you is, whether all the other 1837 p. 487) has collected seve-
 
 p. 701] RATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 87 
 
 u/iet? dveypdyfrare, dKvpov<i elvai, rovhe he Kvpiov, rj 
 TovvavTLOV TovTov fi€v Xvaui, Kara yjiapav he fiivecv 
 T0U9 d\\ov<i idv. TO fiev ovv irpd'yixa, irepl ov hel 
 vvv v/j,d<; yva)vai, &)? iv KecpaXaia) rt? dv etirot, toOt 
 icniv. 
 6 "\va 8' vfiwv /LLTjBeU davfxd^j} rl S^; ttot eyco fxe- 
 rplco^;, w<; y ifxavTov ireido), top dWou ■)(^p6vov ^e/SLco- 
 Koo<i vvv ev dyo)(TL koI ypacftaU SrjfMoalai^ i^erd^op,aL, 
 ^ov\op,ai fiLKpd TT/oo? u/ia? elirelv ear at he tuvt 
 ovK uTTo'^ Tov irpdyixaTo^. eyra ydp, w dvhpe<; ^Adrj- 
 valoL, irpoae/cpova dvdpcoTrto TTOVTjpw Kal <piXaTre'^dri- 
 fiovt Kal 6eol<i e')(6pa>, o5 reXevTOiaa oXrj irpocreKpovcTev 
 
 ^ airb Z Bekk. 
 
 ral instances in which it is 
 clear that Demosth. imitated 
 the older orator. 
 
 § 5. iviypd\j/aT€] In the 
 literal sense, ' WTitten up ' in 
 some public place, as the laws 
 of Solon were on the S.^ovt^ or 
 Kvp^eis {Diet. Antiq. s. v. Axo- 
 nes). Cf. below § 23 avaypaxj/ai 
 els XfVKUfjLa. 
 
 TO p.kv OVV 7rpa7/UO...ToOr' iff- 
 Tiv] 'Well, this is the case:' 
 lj.iv repeated from tov /uv dyui- 
 vos § 1, and answered imme- 
 diately by iva 5L 
 
 §§ 6 — 8. Motives of the pro- 
 secution: Androtion has not yet 
 been punished for the wromjs he 
 has done the state, nor satisfied 
 my recenye for his private in- 
 juries. 
 
 § 6. 'lua 5' vfiuiv fitiSfU 6av- 
 fid^T}] The Scholiast here points 
 out the resemblance to the 
 opening words of isocr. Or. C 
 Archidainus: see on §4. The 
 thought in again a common- 
 place likely to be freijuently re- 
 peated : the apology, namely, of 
 
 a quiet man for venturing on 
 the unaccustomed role of a 
 public prosecutor. 
 
 lu-iTplws] Androt. § 25 n. 
 
 enavTov ireidu] Lat. mihi per- 
 suasHin Itaheo, here and Plat. 
 Gorg. 453 b, has a sense (to be 
 persuaded, i.e. to hold firmly 
 an opinion) clearly distinguish- 
 able from that of iriTruffp.ai (to 
 be persuaded to do something). 
 For the latter cf. Thucyd. v. 40 
 § 2 Tovs yap BoiWToi)? cjJoj'to 
 TreTreiiT^ai vvo XaKedai/xoviwv t6 
 T€ \ldvaKTou KadeXelv. 
 
 ^ffdfo/uai] 'appear.' Androt. 
 § 66 n. Below, § 173. 
 
 ttTTo TOV TTpdyfxaTO!] ' foreign 
 to the matter,' 'irrelevant' K.: 
 like dwo (XKoiroO, ' wide of the 
 mark.' In this sense the cor- 
 rect accentuation is diro, pre- 
 served here by the best MSS. 
 The point is discussed in G. H. 
 Schaefer's Melctnnuta Critica, 
 p. 51. 
 
 iyu) ydp, u) dydpfs] 'You must 
 know, men of Athens, I came 
 into collision with a vile, ijuar-
 
 88 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§6—8. 
 
 7 rj 7ro\i<;, WvhpoTLcova'^ Xiyo). koX ToaovKt) heuvorepa 
 
 ^VKT7]/J,0V0<: rjSlK-qdTJV V'K aVTOV (iXrff 6 flkv ^VKTr]fJ,(OV 
 
 et? 'X^prjfMar ead a /ca/ceo? eiradev, iyco 8\ el Karcop- 
 dwaev €K€ivo^ rjv eir e'/u,' rfkOev 686v, ovy^ on roiv 702 
 ovTwv av airecTTeprifiTjv, a\\ ovo av egT)v^y ovo o 
 
 *^ -VI Bl., V. not. 
 ' av om. Z Bekk. Bens, cum 2. s ^fwv Weil, BL, ^^v cett. 
 
 relsome, abominable fellow' K. 
 A well-known use of yap at the 
 beginning of a narrative : ' the 
 fact is.' — deots ix^P'^^ Androt. 
 § 59. 
 
 'AvdpoTLwva X^7w] Some 
 critics have wished to introduce 
 'AvSporiuivr. and G. H. Schaefer 
 takes the dative for choice wher- 
 ever MSS. differ, comparing de 
 Chers. p. 96 § 24 Kal Trap wv 
 av iKajTOL diJVwvTai., tovtwv tuv 
 T7}v 'Affiav ixovTUiv \eyoo, XPV- 
 Hara \afj.^dvov<Tiv, and a passage 
 in the Prooemia, no. 50 p. 
 1457. Here, however, there is 
 no variety of reading : and in 
 doubtful cases Schaefer's prefer- 
 ence would now hardly be sus- 
 tained. All recent editors, with 
 Dindorf at their head, agree in 
 adopting IloXvviiKri for IIoXi;- 
 vfUei in Aesch. Theb. 658, 'Epi- 
 ^oiav for "Epi^olq. in Soph. Aj. 
 569 ; in the former case with, 
 in the latter without, MS. au- 
 thority : though Lobeck on the 
 latter passage argues with his 
 usual copious learning in favour 
 of the dative. 
 
 § 7. Kal TocovTip deivoTepa] 
 The same statement occurs in 
 nearly the same words at the 
 beginning of the Androtion, §§ 
 1,2. 
 
 eh xp^l^°-'^' ^<^^' ^] 'suffered, 
 it is true {/mv), some pecuniary 
 damage : whereas I ' &c. K. 
 again omits to give the force 
 of Iffd' a.: cf. Androt. § 10 n. 
 
 aTreffT€prifir]v] dveffTeprjOyjv MS. 
 2: but this is undoubtedly a 
 correction of the rarer plu- 
 perfect. Cobet remarks, Nov. 
 Led. p. 524: 'nulla nisi apud 
 Graeculos utra sit verior lectio 
 potest esse controversia. ' 
 
 ^^riv] This form of the im- 
 perf. for ^fwc is given by all 
 MSS. in the present passage 
 (the only one cited by Veitch 
 s. V. fdw), and as a variant in 
 Eurip. Alcest. 295, 651. There 
 is no doubt that it is incorrect, 
 and formed by a false analogy 
 from the 2nd and 3rd persons 
 ^fr;s, ^iT]. This was seen by 
 the author of the Etymologicon 
 Magnum p. 413. 8, who ob- 
 serves : wXavTys ovv yevofx4v7js 
 eyiviTO wpLOTov Trpbcuirov i^T]v 
 wpocrd^crei. tov v dTro tov rpirov 
 irpoawTTov ; and, while believing 
 that Euripides had written ^^yjv, 
 adds u(pei.\ev elvaL ^fojv. The 
 only question is, does this error 
 proceed from the writers them- 
 selves or from later copyists? 
 Cobet, in his full and interesting 
 discussion of the point {Nov. 
 Led. pp. 524 — 5), declares em- 
 phatically that the 'antiqui' 
 were incajoable of such a mis- 
 take, and that only ' Graeculi ' 
 and 'sequiores' could have per- 
 petrated it. Modern languages 
 abound with false analogies : 
 that the finer linguistic instincts 
 of the Greeks could never have 
 been misled by them, it is easier
 
 p. 702.] KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. 
 
 89 
 
 KOtvop arraalv ia-Tiv, airaXKa'yrjvaL tov ^iov, pdhiov 
 rjv dv fioi^. alrcaadfi€vo^ yap fx d Kal \eyeip dv rt? 
 OKvr^creuv ev (jjpovwv, rov ifMavTov irarep o)? aTreKrova, 
 d(Te(3eia<i jpa<f)r]v KaTaaK€vdcra<i eZ? dyajva Karearr}- 
 (rev. iv Be rovrcp ro irep-Trrov fiipo<i roov 'y}rT](p(ov ov 
 fi€TaXa^(ov co(f)\e -x^iXLa^, iyo) 8\ (oairep rjv ZiKaiov, 
 fj-dXicTTa fiev Bed rov<i deov<;, eirena Be Kal Bid T01/9 Bi- 
 .8 Kd^ovTa<i^ vjiwv eawOrjv. rov Brj et? Tocavra KaraaTt]- 
 aavrd fi dBiKco<; dBtdWaKTOv i')(dpov i)yovp.riv. lB(i)v 
 B' ijBiKTjKOTa KOLvfj irdaav Trjv ttoXlv Kal irepc Trjv 
 etairpa^Lv rwv €i<T<popQ)v Kal irepl Trjv iroLrjaiv rwv 
 TTOfiTreicov, Kal y^prjiiara iroWd tt}? Oeov Kal twv 
 
 ^ ifioi Bekk. 
 
 dLKaaras Z Bekk. cum ZFTfi et yp. r. 
 
 to assume than to prove. 
 
 ciTraWayrjvaL tov piov] As a 
 parricide he would have been 
 held accursed iu death, as in 
 life. 
 
 €v tppovwu] Expressed in 
 li Androt. by et /iiTj tvxoi. Trpoao- 
 /xoioi wv TovT({). Some of these 
 variants iu the parallel passages 
 are amusing, and some inge- 
 nious. 
 
 auf^eias yfja^irju KaracKevdcras] 
 In ;: Androt. (where see note on 
 KUTaaK.) it is oi^k eV e'/x^, d\X 
 (irl t6v dilbv /lov. 
 
 rb iriixTTTOv fji.^f>oi...oj<p\e x'^'cij] 
 By the Athenian laws whicli 
 provided this penalty for liti- 
 giousness and frivolous accusa- 
 tions, a distinction was main- 
 tained between public and pri- 
 vate causes. In the former, a 
 uniform sum of 1000 drachmas 
 was imposed as a fine: in the 
 latter, when damages were 
 sought to be recovered, the 
 penalty was a sixth part of the 
 claim {rinrifjia, Lat. litix aexti- 
 iiiatio), or one obolus in a 
 
 drachma, hence called tvu^eXia. 
 The rule as to the tifth part of 
 the votes was the same for both 
 cases, Diet. Aiitiq. s. v. Epo- 
 belia. 
 
 Tovs SiKOL^'ovTas vuusu] This 
 must mean 'those of you (the 
 jurors he is now addressing) who 
 were on the former jury:' oiko.- 
 i'ovTas being an imperfect imrti- 
 ciple (Androt. § 25 ?(.). In 
 Androt. § 10 the present time 
 only is referred to : and there it 
 is Toi>s diKd^ouTas I'was. 
 
 § 8. Tr]i> dcnrpa^LU ri2v ila<j>o- 
 pwv'\ His oppressive exactions 
 in reference to the property-tax 
 are related at large Androt. 
 §§48-G4. 
 
 Trji/ TToi-qcriv Tijiv ironirdwv^ 
 Androt. § 09 ff. 'Tlie manu- 
 facture of the sacred utensils' 
 includes of course the melting 
 down of the ariipavoi and re- 
 casting them as ^tdXat. 
 
 T^S d(OV Kal TfjJV (TTiJl'li/JiUl'] 
 
 These would l)()th be included 
 iu the lepd xp'jMtiTa of tlio next 
 g, while T^s TriXewj would corre-
 
 90 
 
 KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. 
 
 [§§ 8, 9. 
 
 i'TToyvvficov Kal^ t^<? vrdXecy? e-x^ovra koL ovk a7ro8t- 
 hovTa, r(\Qov eV avrov fier ^VKTr)fiovo<i, r)yovfji€vo<i 
 apfioTTovT eiXrj(f>evai, Kaipov tov jSorjdrjaai 6^ afxa rfj 
 TToXec Kot Tt/xcopiav virep (Sv eTreirovdeiv Xa^elv. /3ou- 
 Xoi/jLTjv S' av i/xi re TV^^elv oov /BovXofiat tovtov re 
 9 iradelv wv a^io^ icm. tov he 7rpd<yfiaTo<; ovKer 
 6vT0<i dfi,(f)ia^TjTT]ai/xov, dWd Trpatrov fiev ttj<;^ ySov- 
 Xr}? KaTeyvcoKvia'i, elra tov Sijfxov fiiav rj/xepav o\7}v 
 
 ^ Kal om. Bekk. ' rrji om. Bekk. Bens. Weil. 
 
 .Tji TToXei] Andi'ot. 
 
 spond to the otrta. Hence there 
 is no occasion to suspect Kai 
 before t^s 7r6Xews with Bekker 
 in his first edition, or (with 
 Dobree) the whole phrase Kai 
 TTJs 7r6Xews. — For iiru}vvfj.wv, be- 
 low § 18 n. 
 pOTjdrjaai.. 
 
 §1. 
 
 ^ov\oifj.y)v 5' ac] Like the 
 corresponding English 'I could 
 wish,' is only a less direct and 
 more modest phrase for l3ov\o- 
 Hai. So in Plat. Protag. 333 B 
 
 oVwj jSoi'Xerat, Kal aol ottws cLv 
 aC (TV ^ovXri (more polite than 
 OTTWS ^ovXei). Had the sense 
 been ' I wish I had accomplished 
 my object, and that the defend- 
 ant had suffered,' &c. we should 
 have had e^ov\6/j.T)v av. But 
 though the result of the former 
 trial is not directly stated, it is 
 no less plainly hinted at : and 
 had the charge of eTaipria-is been 
 brought home, Androtion could 
 not have been appointed am- 
 bassador and the present case 
 would never have arisen. An- 
 drotion has been acquitted, and 
 Diodorus is fulfilling his threat, 
 Kal vvv Kal TOV dWov airavra 
 apujviadai xp^''^" (Androt. § 3j. 
 
 efii re rvx^^f] aiiros re tvx^^v 
 would, as Weil points out, be 
 
 better Greek. 
 
 §§ 9, 10. When Androtion and 
 his accomplices had exhausted 
 every artifice to evade payment 
 of ivhat he owed the state, Timo- 
 crates interposed on their behalf 
 ivith a law which enables any 
 one who jAeases to plunder the 
 treasury with impunity. Our 
 only remedy is to impeach the 
 law and endeavour to repeal it. 
 
 § 9. Tou de TTpdy/xaTos] ' The 
 case being clear' as to A.'s ap- 
 propriation of public money. 
 Schaefer justly denies that there 
 is any undue abruptness here, 
 as some have thought. 
 
 TTJs /SoyX^s] The senate had 
 decided by Trpo^ovKevixa (like our 
 grand juries) that there was a 
 prima facie case against the 
 defendants and that the trial 
 should proceed. Most MSS., in- 
 cluding the best, omit the ar- 
 ticle before ^ovXrjs and are fol- 
 lowed by Bekker and Benseler. 
 The latter gives the meaning as 
 ' one of the two councils : ' an 
 instance of his following 2 first 
 and trying to find a justification 
 afterwards. MS. authority must 
 here yield to the sense of Attic 
 usage : no Athenian could have 
 confused the functions of the 
 Senate and the Areiopagus, any 
 more than an Englishman could
 
 p. 703.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 91 
 
 CTTt TOVToa avTot<; avaXcoaavTOii, Trpo^ Se tovtol^ 
 hiKacTTriploiv Svolv el'i eva Koi "^(Xiovi €yfrT)(f>i'0-fj.eva>v, 
 €vovcrr)<; 8e ovSe/jLid<i €t a'rro(TTpo^rj<i rov /jltj tci %/3'?- 
 fiar €yeiv i5/ia?, TifioKpdrrj'i ovroal roaovd vnepel- 
 Bev cnravra ra Trpdy/xara ware ridrjcn rovrovl rov 
 vofjLov, Bi' ov ru)v lepcov fiev ')(^pT]/jidTcov toi)? 6eov<i, rwv 
 ocrioiv Be rrjv ttoXlv diroarepeL, ciKvpa Be rd yvoo- 703 
 crdevd' vTTo TT]<i ^ovXrj'i Koi tov Btj/jlov koI rov Biku- 
 arripiov Kad icnrja iv , c'Beiav Be rd KOivd BiapTrd^ecv rw 
 
 write ' the budget was introduced 
 in one of the two Houses of Par- 
 liament.' 
 
 diKauTripioLV dvoiv] Not 'two 
 courts' or juries, but a single 
 jury composed of two divisions 
 of the Heliastic court. The 
 whole number of 6000 Dicasts 
 was divided into ten sections of 
 500 each, so that 1000 remained 
 over, in order, when necessary, 
 to serve for the filling of vacan- 
 cies in the sections. 
 
 et's eva Kai x'^<"'s] The num- 
 ber on a jury was always un- 
 even, and if we find 200 or 2000 
 dicasts mentioned, we are to 
 assume that the round numbers 
 only are Riven instead of 201 or 
 2001. These figures may be 
 taken as the extreme limits of 
 an Athenian jury : the most 
 usual number appears to have 
 been 501, at least in the Heliaea, 
 the most dignified of the courts : 
 but Pollux tells us that actions 
 for sums under 10(X) drachmas 
 were tried before 201, for larger 
 sums before 401 judges. The 
 higher figures mentioned in the 
 text are supported by Harpocra- 
 tion S. v. TiXiaia: (Tvvr)icav ol 
 fXtV X'^'O' ^K bvOLV diKa(TTripioLi>, oi 
 Si x'^'"' TrffTaKdffioi tK rpLwv (an 
 instance of the use of round 
 numbers, omitting the odd fi- 
 
 gure). All the known examples 
 from ancient authors were col- 
 lected in Meier and Schoemann's 
 Att. Process, pp. 138—140: 
 but fresh light has been thrown 
 upon the subject by inscriptions, 
 and Schoemann in his later 
 work, the Antiquities, modified 
 some of his former conclusions. 
 Compare Schoemann, Antiq. 
 p. 474 ff., Perrot, Essai sur le 
 Droit Public d'Athenes, pp. 242 
 — 247, and Lipsius, Att. Process^ 
 p. 107 ff. — i^r)(()icfj.ivwv with 
 diKaffTTjpioiv, an enallage not un- 
 common with the dual number. 
 
 Toaovd' virepfidev] ' treated all 
 the pi-oceedings with such con- 
 tempt.' Some MSS. read roa-oO- 
 TOV, which seems preferable : 
 but this passage is not among 
 those noticed by Cobet (cf. 
 Androt. § 2 «.). 
 
 dTToarepeT KadtaTrjaiv] As 
 
 other passages (cf. §§ 16, 189) 
 imply that the prize-money had 
 at last been disgorged by the 
 ambassadors, it has been thought 
 that we have here traces of a 
 double recension of the Speech 
 (Blass, iii. p. 244 ff.). We might, 
 however, explain these presents, 
 as well as irfirolr}Kiv below, of 
 the permanent effect of Tinio- 
 crates' law, if suffered to remain 
 unrepealed; 'he deprives the
 
 92 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOT2. Li 9— 12. 
 
 10 ^ov\ofiev(p TreTTOLrjKev. virep Br) tovtcov diravTdiv 
 Xvaiv rjupiaKO/jbev ravrr^v ovcrav fiovrfv, el ypayjra- 
 fxevoL TOP vofMov Kol elaa'ya'y6vT€<; etV vfia<i Xvaai 
 BvvalfieOa. i^ o-PXV'i oi/i/ eV ^pax^<TC ra Trpax^evra 
 OL€c/iit TT/Jo? vfid<i, iva fMoXXov pbadr^re koL irapaKokov- 
 drjar^re rots irepl rov v6/xov avrov dSiKTjfiaaiv. 
 
 11 '^7](f)cafM etirev iv vfxiv ^ApiaTocfxlov ekecrdai ^tjtt]- 
 
 gods... invalidates the decisions 
 of the council. . .and has enabled 
 any oue that pleases to plunder 
 the state with impunity.' So K. 
 
 § 10. ypa\pa.ii(.voi. rov vbixovl 
 The title of the speech, Kora 
 'Yt.tioKpa.Tovs, shows that not 
 merely the law was impeached 
 but its author personally: on 
 the other hand we have Trpos 
 AeTTTLvriv, the speech against the 
 law of Leptines, cf. § 33. 
 
 eiffa.yaydi'Te? ds v/xas] ' bring it 
 before you' K. Rather 'into 
 this court.' eiadyeiv, el(7ayuiyr], 
 eiaaywyifMos are all technical law- 
 terms : cf. § 14. 
 
 8ifi.fj.L] Cobet Var. Lect. p. 307 
 gives the following rules for the 
 Attic forms from ipxoixai and its 
 compounds. Fut. ti/ui never 
 £\eu(To/xai. Imperf. jja (after 
 Menander jleic) never 7;px(>iJ.r]v. 
 Imper. Wi not ^pxou. Part. Iwu 
 not ipx^i^evos. Such forms as 
 iXrjXvda and rjXdov, the same 
 'ArTi/cws and 'EXXTjvt/cws, did not 
 mislead the copyists. 
 
 §§ 11 — 16. Fuller statement 
 of the circumstances of the 
 passing of Timocrates' law. 
 Oti occasion of a general inquiry 
 into State debts, information 
 wan laid that Arcliebius and 
 LysitheideSi who had been trier- 
 arclis, had not yet accounted for 
 the possession of nine talents and 
 a half of prize money which in 
 law belonged to the state. An- 
 
 drotion, Glauketes and Melano- 
 pus thereupon took the responsi- 
 bility upon themselves: they had 
 been sailing as ambassadors on 
 board the trireme which made 
 the capture, and they owned to 
 the possession of the sum claimed. 
 It was very reasonably proposed 
 that the state should exact the 
 money from Hie trierarchs, and 
 that a Diadicasia should deter- 
 mine the question of liability as 
 betioeen them and the ambassa- 
 dors. It was at this point, when 
 Androtion and his associates had 
 exhausted every other means of 
 delay, that Timocrates came to 
 their aid with his law — tlic law 
 which tve now impeach. Its 
 immediate effect was that the 
 conspirators did not pay a single 
 drachma at the time: but its 
 permanent effects, if it is allowed 
 to stand unrepealed, will be both 
 disastrous and disgraceful, se- 
 curing practical impunity for 
 frauds against the treasury. 
 
 % 11. iv vjj.lv] g§ 16, 25. 
 
 ' Api(Tro<piov] Of the deme Aze- 
 nia, eminent for his oratorical 
 talents, his restless activity as 
 a politician, and his longevity. 
 According to A. Schaefer i. 162 
 he was born some years before 
 the Pelopounesian war, and only 
 retired from the Bema about 
 01. 107, 1 (B.C. 352—1, a year 
 after the date of this speech). 
 His long life must have nearly
 
 p. 703.] KATA TIMOKPATOT2. 
 
 93 
 
 Ta9, el Be xi? ol8e riva rj rciov lepcov i) twv ocriwv ypV' 
 fxCLTWv e-)(Ovrd tl rrjf; TroXeco^, fiTjvveiv Trpo? tovtov^. 
 fiera tuvt i^i'ivvaev KvKTrjfj,o}v e')(^eLv Wp^e^tov koI 
 Av(rtdei8r]v rpLripap')(r]aavTa<; ■)(^prjixara NavKpari- 
 TiKu, TLfn]fj.a ToKavr evvea koI TpiciKovTa p,va<i. 
 TTpoarfkde rf} ^ovXfj, irpo^ovXev/x iypdcpT). ^erd 
 ravra yevo/u.evij'i eKKKi^crLa^ Trpov-^^^ecporovrjcxev 6 Brj- 
 12 /io?. dvaaTd<; ^VKTr]p.(ov eXeyev dXXa re iroXXd Kal 
 Sie^rjXde 7rp6<; vfia,^ w? eXa/Sev i] TpL7^pri<; ro ttXoiov 
 
 coincided with that of Isocra- 
 tes, born -iS^i; but it was even 
 longer, as we read that he com- 
 pleted 100 years all but a month 
 (Schol. on Aeschin. Timarch. 
 § 64 ewi^luKXi n^vTOL 6 ' ApLcrroipuiv 
 p err] wapa /J-TJva). Demosth. 
 calls him oeivos Xeyeif, Lept. 
 p. 501 § 146, and alludes to him 
 in many other passages (see 
 Dindorf's Index Historicus). For 
 his stormy career cf. Aeschin. 
 Ctes. § 194 : he used to boast 
 (irdXna (Te/j.vvfecrdai) that he had 
 been impeaclied wapavS/j-Lcv 75 
 times and always acquitted. 
 
 frjTrjrds] Diet. Antiq. S. v. 
 Zetetae. This passage well 
 brings out the character of these 
 ' inquisitors ' or ' commissioners 
 of inquiry ' as an occasional or 
 extraordinary office, not a regu- 
 lar magistracy. A period of 
 chronic deficits was likely to 
 lead to their appointment: cf. 
 Androt. § 48 n. 
 
 'Apx^^iov Kai \v<Tid{iSr)i'] The 
 name .■Vrchebius of Lamptra 
 occurs in Boeckh's Naval In- 
 scriptions as trierarcli in n.c. 
 373 and as still alive in 342: the 
 latter is doubtless identical with 
 the Lysitheides of Mid. p. 565 
 § 157 (as TrXovcnunaroi he would 
 be lik<;ly to be a trierarcli) and 
 of Callipp. p. 1240 ij 14. 
 
 XpTJAtara Xav/cpariTud] ' the 
 proceeds of a cargo from Nau- 
 cratis.' Naucratis was near the 
 westernmost (Canopic) mouth of 
 the Nile, and was a Greek em- 
 porium from the seventh cen- 
 tury B.C. (Herod, ii. 179). The 
 site, which long remained un- 
 known, was discovered by Mr 
 Flinders Petrie in 1884. See 
 Joitrn. Hellen. Soc. vi. 202— 
 206; Petrie's Naiicratis, part i., 
 1886. 
 
 TTpoarjXde rrj pov\rj] 'the mat- 
 ter came before the senate,' as 
 Benseler : rather than ' he com- 
 municated with the council ' K. 
 irpo^ovXiv/jL eypd(p-ij, 'an order of 
 council was drawn up.' 
 
 TrpovxeipoTdvrjaev] 'voted for 
 further consideration' 11. W., or 
 'to go into the matter' Ben- 
 seler. This sense of the word 
 is not noticed in L. and S. On 
 Trpo^ovXev/jLa and Trpoxn-poroviai 
 see Diet. Antiq. s. v. Boul6. 
 
 § 12. ^Xafifv 7J rpiripris rb 
 TrXoiov] TrXoiov is, as usual, a 
 mercliant sliin, faOs arpoyyvXtj 
 as distinguished from a vavi 
 pLaKpa or ship of war. Mr 
 Whiston in his Introduction 
 observes: 'The capture, .so far 
 as we can make out, seems to 
 have been an act of piracy.' It 
 was at least a piece of sharp
 
 :94 
 
 RATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§12,13. 
 
 rj ^ekavoi'iTov ayovaa koI TXavKerrjv koX Kvoponwva 
 ■^p€cr^€VTa<i W9 MavacoXov, &)? edeaav rijv iKerripiav 
 
 practice. Egypt was at this 
 time in revolt from Persia, and 
 Athens had just been induced 
 by the instances of Artaxerxes 
 III. to abstain from actively 
 aiding his rebellious subjects. 
 The ambassadors may have 
 thought the objects of their 
 mission to Mausolus hkely to 
 be forwarded by an act which 
 would not be displeasing to his 
 overlord the king of Persia: and 
 after the ship had been 'con- 
 demned' as 'lawful prize,' they 
 had the further satisfaction of 
 keeping the proceeds in their 
 own pockets. The opening words 
 of the Second Argument, ttoX^/jlov 
 Tvyxo-'^ouTOS 'AdrjpaioLS Trpbs /Sacrt- 
 X^a, give an inexact view of the 
 political situation. 
 
 MeXtii'coTroj' /cat TXavKerrju] 
 These men and their surround- 
 ings are described below §§ 125, 
 1'26 with abundance of sarcastic 
 detail. 
 
 irpea^evras] The rule that 
 Trpiffpeis is used as the plural of 
 TrpecrpevTTjs apjjears to have been 
 an Attic refinement, to which 
 even in the best age writers less 
 careful of their style might fail 
 to conform. We do not find 
 wpea^evTai, for instance, in the 
 purist Isocrates; and the present 
 passage (not noticed in Keiske's 
 Index) is perhaps the only one 
 in Demosthenes: but we find it 
 in Audocides (de Pace, last §) 
 and Deiuarchus (c. Demosth. 
 §§ 20, 82). The examples for- 
 merly quoted from Thucydides 
 (viii. 77 and 86) are now brack- 
 eted as glosses (Classen). 
 
 oJs 'MavawXoi'] This is the 
 l^rince whose famous Mauso- 
 leum we are beginning to know 
 
 better through Sir C. Newton's 
 explorations. On coins and in- 
 scriptions (Hicks nos. 101, 102) 
 the name is spelt MATSZQA- 
 AOS. Demosth. speaks of him 
 after his death as having been the 
 prime mover in the Social War 
 of 358— 355 B.C. : de Rhod. Lib. 
 p. 191 § 3 TJridtravTo /xev yap 
 Tj/xas iTn^ov\eiiei.p ai/rols Xtot 
 /cat Bv^di'Tioi /cat 'P65tot, /cat 5td 
 raOra (jwidTrjcrav i<p' ij/uds rbv 
 reXevToiop TovToviTrdXe/xov (f>avf}- 
 aerai S' 6 fiev Trpvravevaas raura 
 Kal wcicras 'MavaioXos. Compare 
 Grote, ch. 86 (vii. 654). The 
 date of this embassy can be fixed 
 within very narrow limits ; about 
 Septemberand October, B.C. 355. 
 It was almost certainly after 
 the end of the Social War : and 
 the peace was concluded before 
 the close of the archonshii) of 
 Elpines, 01. 106, 1, not later, 
 that is, than midsummer 355. 
 The decree of Androtion, and 
 the subsequent trials, must be- 
 long to the first weeks of the 
 archonshijD of Callistratus, say 
 July and August; and the em- 
 bassy would doubtless be timed 
 to go and return before naviga- 
 tion closed for the winter. The 
 higher limit is indicated by A. 
 Schaefer, i. 330; the lower, the 
 improbability of a winter voyage, 
 has not been pointed out be- 
 fore. 
 
 Edeaav ttiv t/cerTj/jtac] 'how the 
 people to whom the cargo be- 
 longed presented their petition' 
 K. It is literally ' placed the 
 suppliant bough' {ipLbcTTeirTov 
 KXddov, Aesch. Suppl. 22, ramos 
 vitta comptos, Verg. Aen. viii. 
 128) upon the altar {iKfTTjpla 
 /cetrat iirl rod ^Wfj-oO, Andoc. de
 
 p. 704.] KATA TIMOKPATOT2. 
 
 95 
 
 fov Tjv TO. y^prj^ad^ avdpwTTOi'", fu<? dire'^etpoTovrjaad* 
 v//-et9 fir) (piXi elvai. Tore dvefivrjaev v/j,d<i, roi)? 
 vofiovi aveyvct), Kad ol"? rovrov rov rpoTTOv 'Kpa')(6ev- 
 T(ov T^9 TToXeo)? ycyveTai rd ')(^prj/j,aTa. iBoKei BiKaca 
 13 \eyeiv vfjuv airacrtv. dva7n]8rj(Ta<; WvSpoTicov Koi 
 
 " avdpwiroi libri et Edd. ante Bekkerum. 
 ° [kox MeXdvwjTos] Bens. ° ravra Z Bekk. Bens, cinn 2TQr. 
 
 Myst. § 112 : the whole passage 
 from § 110 is a curious illus- 
 tration of the subject). In 
 Aeschin. c. Timarch. § 104 we 
 have Ik-fT-qpiav 64vTOi e/s ttji^ 
 ySouXrjj' vwep tov madov : id. de 
 Fals. Leg. § 15 iKeTrjplav dhires 
 01 oIk€ioi i84ovTo vnQv (where 
 Dind. and Benseler omit ev tQi 
 Srinip with the best MSS.) : 
 Demosth. de Cor. p. 262 § 107 
 ovx tKfTrjpiav IdrjKe rpiripapxos 
 oiideis ws doiKovfitvos. Below, 
 §53. 
 
 lis diirfXii-pOTOvrfiTaO' vp.ei{\ awo- 
 XfipoTovfiv is to ' vote away ' 
 from a man (1) an accusation, 
 i.e. acquit him, c. Mid. p. 583 
 § 214 : (2) an office, i.e. depose 
 or supersede him, c. Aristocr. 
 p. 670 § 1G7, Deinarch. c. Phi- 
 loci. § 15 : and so to reject pro- 
 posed sureties as insufficient, 
 below § 85 : (3) as here, property, 
 Lat. abjudicare, 'condemned it 
 in the prize court as enemy's 
 goods.' The emphatic i/pLeh 
 seems to imply a popular vote, 
 not a dicastery : the probable 
 results to neutral goods may be 
 easily imagined. 
 
 t6t( a.vip.vi}a(v vp-ai] These 
 words are certainly a little ab- 
 rupt as they stand, but I do not 
 think that Benseler improves 
 matters by striking out the full 
 stop and connecting them with 
 
 u)S airex^i-ljorovricaTe. A slight 
 correction, following some traces 
 in the MSS., is rore dvipLvrjuev 
 vuds Tovs vd/j-ovs oil J dveyvw. the 
 relative may easily have been 
 lost by homoeoteleuton. A 
 still neater one is simply to 
 omit dviyvtii, as added by some 
 one who did not know that 
 dvajj.i/jivrj(TKtii could be joined to a 
 double accusative. This is Mad- 
 vig's correction, Adrers. Crit. i. 
 460 : he compares Xen. Anab. 
 III. 2 § 11 dvap.vq<Tw iVas koX 
 Tous tQv irpQ'ybv(j}v klv5vvovs, 
 [Demosth.] c. Timoth. p. 1185 
 § 1 iTreiddv v/j-ds dvap-vi^cyiji rbv re 
 Kaip'ov K.T.X. 1 have little doubt 
 that this conjecture is right: it 
 was suggested to Mad%-ig by his 
 pupil Nutzhorn, a promising 
 scholar cut off by an early death. 
 
 The orator is said to read 
 the laws when he bids the clerk 
 read them : comp. Mid. j). 517 
 § 10, where fiovXofiai dvayvQvai 
 is followed by the usual formula 
 A^7€ rbv vonou, and below § 48. 
 
 irpaxOivTwv] This rather ob- 
 vious gen. abs. gave trouble to 
 some of tlie earlier editors: 
 'things having been done iu 
 this way, the money belongs to 
 the state.' 
 
 § 13. dvawrj^aa^'] Androt. 
 § 10 n. 
 
 (JKOnuTt dv aXriO^ \iy(t)'\ As
 
 96 
 
 KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. [§§ 13—15, 
 
 av aXriOrj Xiyco) i^ocov, rj^yavdicTovv, iXoiSopovvTOy 
 ciTreXvov TOv<i Tpvqpap-^ovi, e^^iv cofxoXoyovv, Trap 
 eauTOt? ^TjTelv rj^iovv rd '^pr'jfiara. ravT ukov- 
 advrwv vfiiov, eTreiSr] ttot iiravcavO' ovrot ^OMVTe^;,. 
 eBooKe 'yi'MfXTjv EvkttJ/jlcov &)? Svvarov BiKaioraTrjv, 
 vfMd<i {xev ela-TrpdrreLv rov^ Tpi7]pdpxov<;, iKelvoL<; 8 
 elvat Trepl avTOiV et? toi/? €'^ovTa<; dva(J3opdv idv B 
 d/jL(f)i(T^r]Tf]ral ri, irotelv hiahiKaaiav, top 8 'qrTq- 
 14 devra toutov o^eiXetv rfj TroXet. ypd(f)0VTac to 
 ■\lri](ptafia' eh vfid<; elarjXOev' ha (Twre/xco, Kara 
 Tov<i vo/jbovi eSo^eu elprjcrOai Kal^ aTrecpvyev. evTavoOr 
 tI 7rpoa7]K€v ; rd fiev -x^pijfiaT e')(eLV rrjv iroXiv, top 6 
 d'TToarepovvra KoXd^eiv' vofiov S' ov8' otlovv ovoevo'i 
 ByjTTOV TTpoaeBec. P'e')(pt fiev St) tovtcov ovBev rjBiKrjad 
 viro TtfiOKpdrov^ tovtovL fierd ravra Be iravr 
 
 P Kaw. Bl. 
 
 he is appealing to their recol- 
 lections of a past fact, we should 
 expect el dXridij \^7a;. 
 
 dir^Xvov] ' exonerated.' The 
 words ^x^"* CifJ-oXoyovv were 
 bracketed by Dind. after Dobree, 
 who thought they might have 
 crept in from Libanius' Argu- 
 ment p. 695 init. However we 
 decide this point, Trap eavTo2s 
 must go with ^rire^v. 'desired 
 that the inquisitors should look 
 to them for the money," seek 
 it in tlteii' po!<>>esgion : not of 
 course = 7rop' eavrwv, seek it 
 from them. 
 
 louKe yvdj/J.riv ... 8iKaL0TdT-r]v] 
 yvwixriv diooi'at is rare for dwo- 
 (paiuecrdai. or X^yeiv. dLKaioraT-qp 
 is here objective, 'perfectly fair 
 and reasonable:' in Boeot. de 
 Nom. p. 1006 § 40 yvwfxrj rrj 
 SiKaioTaTT) diKdaeiv 6/j.w/j.6Ka.T€ it 
 is subjective, 'to the best of 
 your knowledge and belief.' 
 
 dcaijiopai']' recourse:' arather 
 different sense from that in de 
 Cor. p. 301 § 219 dvacpopdv et tl 
 yivoLTo ' a resource, shift, if any- 
 thing went wrong :' or in Aeschin. 
 Fals. Leg. § 104 Tiqv ds to d(pa- 
 v^s dvacpopdv 'recourse to con- 
 cealment.' 
 
 5i.a5iKaffiav] Diet. Antiq. s. v. 
 The State merely required that 
 payment should be made, leav- 
 ing it to the parties to settle 
 among themselves upon whom 
 the loss should fall. We may 
 here translate 'try the question 
 of ownership.' 
 
 §14. ypdcpovTai] 'They in- 
 dict the decree; it came into 
 court ; to cut the matter short, 
 it was considered to have been 
 moved legally, and the verdict 
 was in its favour.' K. elcrep- 
 xea-duL as a law term is cor- 
 relative to eicrayeiv § 10.
 
 p. 704] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 97 
 
 dveBe^ar icj)' avrov ra Trpoeiprjfieva, koI ttclvt 
 i^BiK'q/jievot (pavTjaecrd viro tovtov' Tal<i yap eKetvcov 
 re-)(yaL<; Kal 7ravovpyiaL<; fiiadcoaa^ avrbv koX irapa- 
 a^cbv VTTTjpeTTjv e</)' avrov ijyaye Td8iK7]/xa6\ &>? iyoi) 
 15 aa(f)(t}<; vpuv eTrcSel^co. dvdyKtj Se irptorov virofivijaai 
 TOU9 ')(^p6vov^ vfid<; Kal rov Kaipov iv q) tlOtjo-c tov 
 vofxov' Kal yap v^pta-riKco'i irpocreKKe-^^XevaKoo^^ i^yiia? 
 (f>av7]aeTaL rjv fxev yap CTKipoc^opioov /xr)^ iv o5 Td<i 
 
 ' irpoa-Kex^evaKui Dind. Bl. cum tikrs. 
 
 dvede^ar' ecp' avrbv] ' Took 
 everything which I have men- 
 tioned upon himself;' nearly 
 — £(/)' avrbv rjyaye rdSiKi^/xara 
 below. 
 
 vTTTjpirrjv] Max Miiller has 
 connected this word with the 
 root ar to plough, Lect. on 
 Science of Lang. i. p. 254, 
 quoted by R. W. Curtius shows 
 cause in favour of the tradi- 
 tional derivation from er to 
 row, the root of epiacnv, rpi- 
 ■jJpTjs, ir€vr7)Kdvr-€p-ov and of Eng. 
 oar. 'The Pet. Diet. [Sanskrit, 
 by Bohtlingk and lioth] com- 
 pares with vir-Tip-f-rrj-s, Skt. ar- 
 a-ti-s servant, help. This mean- 
 ing suits well enough the wider 
 sense of vwT)piTr)%, but not the 
 narrower 'oarsman,' which the 
 word with its derivatives cer- 
 tainly has. Hence ar-a-ti-s may 
 have been derived directly from 
 the fundamental notion of going, 
 striving [he further compares 
 dpa, root of opdo)], vTrrjp^rris on 
 Greek soil immediately from 
 that of rowing.' Gr. Etijin. p. 
 344 = i. 428 E. T. 
 
 § 15. rov% XP^''""^---'''^'' '''*'" 
 pbv] 'the dates... the occasion:' 
 'die Zeit und die Umstiinde' 
 (circumstances) Henscler. K. 
 W. refers to Aristocr. p. 660 
 § 141 (v Ti<n Kaipoh Kal xp6i'0ts, 
 
 and c. Neaer. p. 1357 § 35, 
 where XP^^°^ is explained by 
 the mention of the ai-chon, KaL- 
 pbs by iv y eTToXe/xer^' v/j.eis. 
 
 TTpoaeKKex^evaKws] The prefer- 
 able reading, as the double com- 
 pound was more likely to be 
 altered. 
 
 aKipo<popL(hv] The last month 
 of the Attic year, ending with 
 the summer solstice (May — 
 June). It seems probable that 
 'the screw' was then put on 
 in order that the year's ac- 
 counts might be made up. 
 There is an important passage 
 in Andoc. de Myst. § Tii r; fiiv 
 ^Kricris 7Jv eVt rrj^ evdrrjs vpv- 
 ravelas, (I S^ fir], SLtrXdcnov 6(p€l- 
 \eiv Kal ra KTrjfiara avrCcv TreTrpd- 
 (Tdai. The authority of Ando- 
 cides does not stand high as to 
 matters of fact, but on the point 
 of law he is at least more trust- 
 worthy than the document 
 quoted below §§ Sit, 40. It has 
 not been explained, so far as 
 I am aware, whether the ' ninth 
 Prytany' was to be reckoned 
 from the time the debt was 
 adjudged, or meant the par- 
 ticular time of year. Taken to- 
 gether, these passages clearly 
 point to the latter conclusion. 
 The nine prytanies would cor- 
 respond ajjproximately to the 
 
 W. D.
 
 98 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§15—18. 
 
 ypa(f)a<; }]TTr)VT eKetvoc ra? Kara rod ^vKTr)ixovo<i, 
 /xiadwadfxevoi Se tovtov Kal ovSe irapecrKevaa-fievoi 
 ra hiKaia iroLelv v/xlv Kara rrjv ayopdv \o<yo7roiov<i yo^ 
 KaOUcrav co? cnrXd fiev erotfioi ra j^^prjfjiar eKnvetv, 
 
 1 6 hLrrXd he ov Swrjaovrat. rjv he ravr evehpa fierd 
 ')(\eva(TLa<i Kal KaraaKevaafio<i virep rov Xadeiv rovoe 
 rov vofjbou reOevra. fiaprvpel S' orL ravO^ ovra><i e%et 
 rovpjov avTo' rcov fxev jdp '^prjfMa.rwv e/c6tfOi9 rocii 
 ')(^p6voL<; Spa-^^^firjv ov KaredrjKav vpA,v, vofi(p 8' evl 
 TrXetcTTOu?^ tou9 v7rdp'^ovra<; d-Kvpovi iiroirjcrav, Kal 
 rovrw rcov TTcoTTor ev vplv redevrwu ala'^ia-ra Kal 
 Seivordro). 
 
 17 J^oiiXofiaL Sr} jiiLKpd Ste^e\6a)V irepl roov Kecfievcov 
 vopLOiv, Kad^ ov<i elaiv al roialhe ypa(^ai, rrepl avrov 
 
 s TrXeiovs Z Bekk. Bens, cum libris. robs om. Bl. 
 
 first eleven months of the year : 
 the tenth would include the 
 month Scirophorion and the 
 last few days of Thargelion : 
 and it was then, I beUeve, that 
 the State's demands became 
 peremptory. — eKeivoi] Androtion 
 and the other ambassadors. 
 
 XoyoTToiovs Kadieaav] 'they sent 
 persons down into the Agora 
 to spread a report : ' a rare sense 
 of \oyoiroi6s, but it occurs 
 Theophr. Char. 8 (6), and Xoyo- 
 iroutv is common enough, e.g. 
 Mid. p. 578 § 198 irepuCov iXoyo- 
 TToiei. AoyoTToibs usually means 
 (1) an historian, 'EKaralos 6 
 XoyoTToibs Herod, ii. 143; (2) 
 a speech-writer, like Xoyoypd<pos, 
 Plat. Phaedi-. 257 c, Euthyd. 
 289 D. 
 
 § 16. iviSpa jxeTo, x^euact'as] 
 'an impudent conspiracy' K., 
 'a trap, in which they tried to 
 catch you,' as Benseler explains 
 
 it. — KaracTKevaa/jids, Androt. § 
 
 2 71. 
 
 eKeivoii Tois xp6>'ots] ' in all 
 that time [such is the force of 
 the plural] they had not paid 
 you a drachma:' rather than 
 'did not pay,' as K. It is ad- 
 mitted that the money had now 
 been paid (cf. § 189 n.). 
 
 TrXdcTTovs] A correction of 
 Dobree's, silently adopted by 
 Dindorf. The Zurich editors 
 suggest iravTas as more in ac- 
 cordance with the usage of 
 Demosth. 
 
 eu v/xlu] Below, § 211. 
 
 §§ 17—19. I will first state 
 briefly the rules which govern 
 new legislation, any breach of 
 which renders the proposer liable 
 to impeachment {ypa<pT] wapavo- 
 fjLuv). Timocrates has broken 
 not one, but all of these rules: 
 I must therefore take the charges 
 one by one, and speak separate-
 
 p. 705.] RATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 99 
 
 Tov vofjbov Xeyecv ov <yeypa^iJi.aL ' 'yevrjaecrOe 'yap evfia- 
 OearepoL Trpo? rd \oiird ravra 7rpoaKovcravTe<i. eanv, 
 (o avhpe<i ^Adijvalot, ev toI<; overt, v6jjioi<; rj^lv Kvploa 
 Stcoptafiev' dKpi/3co<; koI aa<f>oi)<i irdvO' oaa Set iroielv 
 1 8 irepl Twv fieWovroiP redi'^aeaOai, v6fio)v. koI Trpoorov 
 fiev diravTo^v ')(^p6vo<i iarl 'yey pafifievo^, iv S irpoay^Kei 
 vofioOereip' eir ovSe to$' co? dv eKdarco 8oKr} SiScoKe 
 TovTO irpaTTeiv, aWa TrpocrraTTet Trpcorov fiev e/c- 
 Oeivai irpoadev twv iirwvv jjlcov ypayfravra cTKOTreiv Ta> 
 ^ov\ofj,€V(p, fierd ravT errl irdcri tov avrov vofxov 
 
 ly of each. But first the laws 
 embodying these rules shall be 
 read : you icill then see that he 
 complied with none of the legal 
 requirements. 
 
 § 17. yiypa/x/xai] The mid- 
 dle sense of the verb here is 
 followed in the course of a few 
 lines by examples of the passive 
 (yeypan/iivos) and active {ypd- 
 \j/avTa). 
 
 b> To7s — Kupi'ots] There is here 
 a redundancy of expression, em- 
 phasizing the inexcusahleness 
 of T.'s conduct : ' in the existing 
 laws, in force among us, is 
 clearly and accurately defined 
 everything which is required 
 to be done in the case of laws 
 about to be proposed.' So K., 
 nearly. 
 
 § 18. 5^5w/ce...7rpo(7TdTrei] It 
 is easy to supply 6 vo/xoOiTrjs. 
 The indirect turn of the phrase 
 may be preserved by translating 
 'it is not permitted '...'it is 
 enjoined.' 
 
 ^KOtivai.] Another ' locus 
 classicus' on Athenian legisla- 
 tion is Aeschin. Ctes. §§ 37—39, 
 where we find the same pro- 
 visions for exhibiting the new 
 law in writing before the statues 
 of the Eponymi {ivayeypa<p6Tas 
 
 eu aavlffiv, cf. below § 23 dca- 
 ypa.\pa% els Xei^xw/ua), and for 
 repealing inconsistent laws. In 
 Demosth. Lept. p. 485 § 94 a 
 further guarantee for publicity is 
 mentioned : eKdetvai Trpoade tlHv 
 eivwvvtxujv Kol 7(2 ypa/jL/nard irapa- 
 douvai, TovTov 5' iv rdls €Kk\t]- 
 (Ttats dvayiypujcTKeiv, iv' ^Kacrroi 
 vixuiv aKovaas TroXXaws Kal Kara 
 (Xxo^V" <TK(\pafj.evos dv fi Kal diKaia 
 Kai avfX(pipovTa, ravra vo/xoOerrj. 
 The statues of the heroes, after 
 whom the ten tribes were named, 
 stood in the Cerameicus near the 
 Tholos (Paus. i. 5 § 1: Wolf, 
 Proleg. Lept. p. 133). 
 
 iiri iraat rbv avrbv"] 'applying 
 to,' whether 'for' or 'against.' 
 Cf. §§ 59, 135, 159. The few 
 exceptions to this rule were 
 fenced in by additional safe- 
 guards. ' Privilegia, ' whether 
 against an individual ('bills of 
 pains and penalties') or in his 
 favour, retjuired to be passed 
 by 0000 of the people in as- 
 sembly, voting secretly. Of the 
 former class, ostracism is a well- 
 known example : of the latter 
 may be instanced the natural- 
 isation of foreigners (c. Neacr. 
 p. 1375 § 89), and the restitu- 
 tion of civic rights to the drtfiot, 
 
 7—2
 
 100 
 
 KATA TIM0KPAT0T:£. [% 18—20. 
 
 rtOevai KeXevei, Trpo? Tovroif; Xvetv rov<i evavriovi, 
 dXXa irepl^ wv ovS^v to-&)<? uyu-a? KaTeireiyei, vvv 
 cLKOvaai. av Be rt? rovTcov ev Trapa^fj, tm /3ov\o- 
 ^9 fievtp hihuxTL ypdcfiecrdai. el fiev ovv fir) irdaip ijv 
 €vo)(^o<i TOVTOL<i Ti/jLOKpdrrjfi KoX irapa iravra ravT 
 elaevrjvoxet tov vofiov, ev dv avrov ti<; iiroielro Karr}- 
 <y6p7]/xa, 6 Ti hrjiroTe tovt tjv' vvv K dvdyKT] Kad 
 eKaarov %ft)/3t'? {irepl eKacFTOv] SceXofievov Xeyeiv. 
 nrpwrov fiev ovv, oirep rjSLKTjae irpwrov, tovt ipw, co? 7^^ 
 irapd TrdvTU'i tov<; vofiov^ ivo/moOeTei, elra roiv dWcov 
 e^rjt; 6 ri dv ^ovXo/xevoi<i vfitv aKoveiv y. Kal fioL 
 \aj3e Tovroval tov<; v6/jlov^ koI dvdyvcoOt' (^avrjaerav 
 yap rovTwv ovBev ireiroiriKa)^. irpoae^eTe, (6 dv8pe<i 
 BtKaarai, tov vovv dvaytyvwcTKOfievoL^ rol^ vofioa. 
 
 ' dW {/-n-ip BI. 
 
 below § 45 ff. Demosth. en- 
 larges upon this topic below, 
 §§59,60. 
 
 ry pov\o/j.€V(j} diduxTL ypa.<pe- 
 ff^ai] The full phrase is t(3 jSov- 
 Xo/j-evii), oh H^ecm, i.e. qualitied 
 by age (twenty) and not dis- 
 qualitied by Atimia. Below, § 
 105. 
 
 § 19. Trapa Trdfra — tov vS/jlov] 
 ' if he had violated all these con- 
 ditions in introducing his law' 
 K. rightly, preserving the force 
 of the article. 
 
 5ie\6ixevov] 'H. 1. idem valet 
 quod duXofxa' Dind. In this 
 sense of 'distinguishing' the 
 active is more common, as in 
 Aristocr. p. 037 § 54, i. Aphob. 
 p. 817 § 12 x'»'P'5 iKaarof die- 
 XeTv. We find, however, Plato 
 employing OLaipdv and diaipec- 
 adai indiscriminately in the 
 sense usual with him, of 'ex- 
 plaining,' Protag. 314 b, 339 a. 
 
 ws napa TraVras] Madvig Ad- 
 
 vers. Grit. i. 460 suggests Siv 
 for w? : but the text yields a 
 sufficiently good sense. That 
 T.'s law is contrary to the 
 existing laws is not the only 
 objection to it ; there are others 
 grounded on its ill effects, and 
 these are referred to in twv dWcov. 
 
 TovTovffi] 'Pointing to them 
 in the hands of the officer' E.W. 
 
 §§ 20 — -23. Revision of the 
 laics. These §§ profess to be 
 the actual laws which the 
 speaker has just called upon 
 the clerk to read. But the 
 documents inserted in various 
 speeches of Demosthenes are 
 now, as a general rule, acknow- 
 ledged not to be genuine. In 
 most cases all their information 
 is derived from the context. 
 One of the few exceptions is the 
 law in Demosth. c. Macart. p. 
 1069 §§ 57, 58, identical with an 
 inscription in G. I. A. i. 61. 
 The notion of Taylor, that the
 
 p. 706.] KATA TIMOKPATOT2. 
 
 101 
 
 EniXEIPOTONIA^ NOMON. 
 
 20 ["Etti Be T^<? 7rpooT7}<i irpvravela'i rrj evSeKaTj} iv tc5 
 Bi]/J,(p, eVetSaf €v^T]Tat 6 Kp]pv^, e'rrL-)(eipoTOvi,av iroietv 
 Twv vofxcov, TrpaiTOv fiev [Trept] rwv /dovXevriKWv, Bev- 
 repov Be roov koivwv, elra ot Kelvrac TOi<i evvea ap- 
 ')(^ov(TLv, elra twv aWcov ap-)(wv. rj Be ')(eiporovLa 
 
 » Eni XEIPOTONIAN Bens, cum S. 
 =' iirix^ipoTovla vulgo et Dind. Illud S. 
 
 .'«x 
 
 document contains extracts from 
 the laws as they were actually 
 read to the court, and that this 
 circumstance is sufficient to ac- 
 count for their fragmentary 
 character, is much too favour- 
 able to it. 
 
 § 20. ''Ewl di TTJs Trpu^TTjs irpv- 
 Toi/eias] This may have been 
 a mere inference (though pro- 
 bably a correct one) from the 
 orator's words in § 26. The 
 K^piai eV/cXrjo-i'ai were held, ac- 
 cording to the Scholiast, on the 
 eleventh, twentieth, and thir- 
 tieth days of each prytany : 
 hence the 11th of Hecatombaeon 
 would be the first assembly of 
 the first prj'tany of the year. 
 
 ewixitpoToviav Troieiv] ' The 
 question shall be put to the vote 
 about the laws ' whether they 
 are to be confirmed as they 
 stand, or to be revised. The 
 legislative formula, expressed 
 in Latin by the third person 
 imperative, in Greek varies be- 
 tween the imperative (oeo6x^w, 
 of. flffaydvTWv, dfti^rtji' § 22) 
 and the infinitive {o(d6x0o-c, cf. 
 iroiitv, xp^lJ-o-Tl^eiv § 21). Hence 
 it is hardly necessary to supply 
 with Keiske oe? toi>j -rrpvT&vai: 
 but the latter part of his note 
 gives the sense of (irixn-poTovLa 
 more accurately tlmn some later 
 interpreters : ' danto prytanes 
 contioni facultatcm leges ve- 
 
 teres suffragio suo confirmandi.' 
 Those who voted for the con- 
 firmation of the law as it stood 
 were said iTnxei-poTOPeiv, those 
 who thought it needed revision, 
 diroxeipoToveiv : the division on 
 this question is SiaxeipoTovia, 
 below § 25. So with regard to 
 the eTTLxeipoTovia twv apx^v or 
 vote taken on the conduct of 
 magistrates in the first assembly 
 of each prytany: cf. Diet. An- 
 tiq. s. V. Cheirotonia. 
 
 ^ovXevTiKuv] ' those which con- 
 cern the senate,' opjJ. to koivQv, 
 of general application. A dis- 
 tinction, as it seems to me, 
 more likely to have been drawn 
 by a grammarian than by bu- 
 siness-like Athenian legislators. 
 And in the words which follow 
 elra dt KilvTai k.t.\. there is a 
 tolerably evident confusion be- 
 tween iirixd-poTovia rCcv vS/jluv 
 and iirix- tCiv apx^v. On the 
 whole I suspect that the authen- 
 ticity of the matter of this do- 
 cument, apart from its defects 
 of form, has been rated too 
 highly by the writers just re- 
 ferred to. 
 
 i) 5' xf'P<"'o»'''»] '^^^^ right 
 reading is certainly tj 5i x^'-P°- 
 Tovia, 'the first (juestion put 
 to the vote.' So Benselcr after 
 MS. i: : cf. Westerm. i. 16 (Ab- 
 handlungen). The first ques- 
 tion is, in effect, 'Does any one
 
 102 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§20—22. 
 
 earco rj Trporepa, oro) SoKovaiv apKeiv ol vojxol ol 
 ^ovKevTLKOL, 7] S' varepa, otco fxr] Sokovctcv' elra twv 
 KOivcov Kara ravrd. Tqv 8' €7n)(^€ipoToviav elvai 
 21 Twv v6/j,(ov Kara rov^ v6fiov<; rot)? Keifievov;. iav Be 
 Ttye<? Tcov voficov rdov Keifievcov d7ro')(^€ipoTOV'r]9wcrL, 
 rov^ irpuTavet^;, ecj) av av rj iiri'^^eipoTOVLa yevrjTai,, 
 iroteiv Trepl toSv diro^etpoTOvrjOevTcov rrjv reXevTaiav 
 Twv rpioov eKKkrjCTLOdv' rov^ Be irpoeBpovi, o'i dv 
 Tvywai 7rpoeBpevovT€<;^' ev ravTrj ttj eKK\7]cria, '^^^prj/jia- 
 
 y irapedp. Bens, cum 2. 
 
 wish to introduce a bill to amend 
 any law? ' If there was no an- 
 swer, the second question need 
 not be put at all. 
 
 Trjv 5' iTTix^LpoToviav] ' A 
 clause which seems mere sur- 
 plusage, with no reference to 
 the orator's argument. ' K. W. 
 It is impossible that such a 
 platitude can ever have formed 
 part of the law. 
 
 § 21. e(p' wv av 17 iirix^ipoTovla] 
 K.'s version, 'in whose term of 
 office the co7idemnation shall 
 have taken place,' follows an 
 inferior reading dwoxei^poTovia. 
 'Vote' is the rendering of the 
 text : 'in deren Amtszeit die 
 Abstimmung fiiUt,' Benseler. 
 
 TToiew] 'shall appoint (§ 20 
 71.) the last of three assemblies 
 (of the current prytany) for the 
 consideration of the laws de- 
 nounced.' In the time of De- 
 mosthenes there were four as- 
 semblies in each prytany; but 
 the compiler may have been 
 thinking of a later usage. Com- 
 pare Diet. Antiq. i. 697 b. 
 
 irpoedpevovres] It is just pos- 
 sible that the 'falsarius' in his 
 admii-ation of legal tautology 
 may have written this : but 
 vapeSpevovres seems every way 
 
 more probable : it is the reading 
 of the best MSS. and, of the two, 
 the more likely to have been al- 
 tered by the copyists. The tra- 
 ditional account of the Proedri 
 and Epistates has been corrected 
 by recent scholarship. 'The 
 statement of some later authors 
 of slight authority that ten proe- 
 dri at a time were chosen from 
 the Prytanes for seven days, and 
 from among them the Epistates, 
 finds no confirmation from more 
 trustworthy sources' (Schoe- 
 mann, Antiq. p. 377). But, at 
 some period between 378 and 
 369 B.C., the following arrange- 
 ment was introduced: 'the Epi- 
 states of the Prytanes chose by 
 lot one proedrus out of each of 
 the remaining Phylae or sec- 
 tions of the Council, and there- 
 fore nine Proedri in all, of 
 whom one served as president 
 in the full sittings of the Coun- 
 cil, as well as in the Popular 
 Assembly, and was likewise 
 called Epistates' (ibid. cf. p. 
 382). The following points 
 should be noted in correction 
 of the common account : (1) 
 There were not two classes of 
 proedri, one of ten members, 
 the other of nine : but one of
 
 p. 706.] RATA TIMOKPATOT2. 
 
 103 
 
 TL^etv iirdvajKe^; Trpoorov fxera to, lepa irepl rwv 
 vo/xoderdov, Kaff" o n KadeSouvrat, koX irepl rod'' 
 dpyvpiov, oirodev Toi<i vofMoOeTafi ea-rai,' tov<; oe 
 vo/jLodira^ elvai e/c tmu ofMcofioKorcov top -qXiaariKov 
 2 2 opKov. idv 8' 01 ■npvTCLvei'i /mtj iroiwat, Kara Ta 
 'ye<ypa^ixeva rrjv iKKKyjalav rj oi irpoehpoL p,i-j ^pT/^art- 
 a-(OTL Kara rd •yeypap.fieva'^, 6(f)€L\.€iv twv fiev Trpvrd- 
 
 ^ Tov om. Z Bekk. Bens, cum SFTQ. 
 " Kara to. yeyp. om. Bekk. Bl. 
 
 nine only. (2) Two officers, 
 not one, bore the name of Epi- 
 states : the Epistates of the Pry- 
 tanes, and the Epistates of the 
 nine Proedri. (3) The former 
 was chosen by lot directly from 
 the fifty Prytanes : not by a 
 double process, as one of ten 
 Proedri. It is easy to see that 
 when the iirKTrdT-qs twv wpoedpixiv 
 (Aeschin. Ctes. § 8'.)) had be- 
 come confused with the eVt- 
 (TTdiTTjs Tuv irpuTdveuv or Epi- 
 states properly so called, the 
 result would be (a) the notion 
 of 10 proedri as a subdivision 
 of the 50 prytanes: (b) when 
 it was discovered that the proe- 
 dri must be distinct from the 
 prytanes, as representing the 
 othernine (non-presiding)tribes, 
 the further notion that there 
 were two distinct sets of proedri. 
 To return to the text : the nine 
 proedri may well have been, as 
 Benseler remarks, a sort of 
 •assessors' (irdpedpos, irapedpev- 
 eiv) to the prytanes : while the 
 phrase ot dv ruxooffi expresses 
 the fact of their election by lot. 
 
 Xp7;/xar/f6(i'] In the usual 
 sense of the word, 'to bring 
 forvvard a moasure in the Ec- 
 clesia,' corresi)onding to rcfeire 
 in Latin : cf. Shilleto on F. L. 
 p. 430§27H = H17._ 
 
 Ttipl TWV vofioOtTuiv] 'concern- 
 
 ing the law-revisers, in what 
 manner they shall hold their 
 session, and how their pay is 
 to be provided,' K., cf. Diet. 
 Antiq. s. V. Nomothetes. The 
 passage throws light on the 
 constitution both of the Nomo- 
 thetae and the Heliastae. The 
 former were not a permanent 
 committee of the latter, but 
 were chosen for the nonce, when 
 the (third) Ecclesia had ruled 
 that a given law was to be re- 
 vised: the number seems to 
 have varied according to the 
 importance of the law under cri- 
 ticism (below § 27 n.). They were 
 chosen from among those who 
 'had sworn the Heliastic oath' 
 (cf. below, §g 58, 149—151): 
 hence we learn that the oath 
 was administered, not to each 
 jury as it was impanelled, but 
 once for all to the whole body 
 of the Heliastae at the begin- 
 ning of each year. 
 
 § 22. 6(pd\ei.v ... 6(pei\iTui\ 
 'shall forfeit.' § '20 n. So iv- 
 dei^Li avTuiv ?cTru}, 'an informa- 
 tion shall lie against them : ' toi>s 
 e/'Seix^^i'Tas — dfidvTuiv, 'shall 
 bring the parties informed a- 
 gainst into court according to 
 law, or they shall lose tiieir 
 promotion to tlie Arciopagus,' 
 K. For tlie rule of admission 
 to tlie Areiopagus compare the
 
 104 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§22—25. 
 
 veoov cKaarov ^j^tX/a? Spa-x^/xa^; tepa? rrj 'AOrjvd, rwv 707 
 oe irpoehpwv eKaaro^; 6(f)et\eTco TerrapaKovra 8pa- 
 Xt^d'i iepa<i rfj ^Adrjva. Koi €vhei^L<; avroov earw 7rp6<; 
 Tov; Oeafiodera^;, KaOairep idv Tt<; a.p')(r) o^eiXoiv tu> 
 hrjixoalw' 01 he Oecrfjuoderai rot)? ivheL')(devTa<i elaa- 
 'yovTwv et9 to hiKaaTrjpLOv Kara rov vo^iov fj firj 
 aviovroiv eh "Apeiov Trdyov, &)<? Kara\vovT6<i rrjv 
 23 eTravopdcocriv twv vofjLwv. irpo he rrj'i eKKkrjcria^ 6 
 ^ov\o/Mevo<i 'AdrjvaLcov eKTiderco irpoadev rwv eirwvv- 
 ^iwv ypdylra<i rov<i vo/xov? 01)9 av nOfj, 07r&)9 av irpo^i 
 TO 7r\r}0o<i T(Mv TedevTcov vofiwv 'yjr7]<f>tcrr]Tat 6 67}- 
 fio^ irepl Tov xpovov toU vofioOerai^. 6 he TiOeU rov 
 Kaivov voiJLOv, dvaypdy^a^ et? XevKcofia, iKTtdeTco 
 irpocrOev twv iTrcovv/iKov 6ar)/j,epai, eax; av r]^ eKKXrjcria 
 yevrjTai. aipeladat 8e kuI toi)? o-vvaTroXoyrjo-o/juivovi 
 ^ 7] om. Bekk. Bens, mm lihris. 
 
 Argument to the Androtion, p. is repeated could not have form- 
 
 589, 6. ed parts of the same law, was 
 
 X'Xtas . . . TeTTapaKovTo] The seen by Taylor, and after him 
 
 disparity between the fines im- by Westermann, Benseler, and 
 
 posed on the Prytanes and on Whiston. The attempt of H. 
 
 the Proedri has suggested Schelling to distinguish them as 
 
 various corrections of reTrapd- applying (1) to proposals of new 
 
 Kovra: StcrxtXi'as (,/3) Dobree, legislation by individual citizens, 
 
 ynupi'asinstead of /x' Westermann. (2) to laws already referred by 
 
 But this is treating the docu- ewi-xeipoTovla to the Nomothe- 
 
 ment with more respect than it tae, passed by them, and now 
 
 deserves. ^ awaiting their final ratification 
 
 iav TLs dpxv 6<p€l\o)v] This by the assembly, has not found 
 
 was the offence against which favour with his countrymen. 
 
 IvSei^is was more especially di- As Benseler remarks, the 'white 
 
 rected. Comp. Diet. Antiq. s.v. board ' must have been in use 
 
 Endeixis: and for the attitude on both occasions. 
 
 of the Athenians towards state xpri^icrriTai] ' may determine 
 
 debtors, Androt. § 48 n. what time shall be allowed for 
 
 KaraXvovTes] 'making the a- the law-revisers,' K. — i] eKKX-r}- 
 
 mendment of the laws null and aia] The article is added from • 
 
 void' by their obstructiveness. a conjecture of Dobree's, and 
 
 § 23. eKTid^Tu npSadev tCsv seems necessary to the sense. 
 
 iiruvdfjLuv] § 18 n. That the toi>s cvvairo\oyri(To/nevovs] The 
 
 sentences in which this clause name aw-qyopoi. (below § 26) or
 
 p. 707.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 105 
 
 Tov Sijfxov TOi? v6fioi<;, ot av ev toI<; vo/xo6eTai'i Xvcov- 
 rai, Trevre avSpa^; i^ ^AOrjvaiciyv airdvTWv, rf} evBe- 
 Karrj TOV eKaTofjL^aioSvo<; fjLr)v6<;.^ 
 
 24 Ovroi 7rdvre<; 01 vo/jlol Kelvrai ttoXvv rjhr] '^povov, 
 Q) ai'8p€<; SiKa(TTai, Koi Tvelpav avTwv iroWdKi<i SeSoi- 
 Kuaiv on crv/j,ipepovT€^ vfuv elai, koX ouSet? iroiTTor 
 avrelire fir] ov koXco^ €)(^eiv avroix;. etVoro)?* ovSev 
 yap (vfiov ovBe ^laiov ovS^ oXiyap'^iKov Trpoardrrov- 
 crtv, dXXd rovvavTiov Trdvra c})iXavdpct)7ro}^ koi hrjjxo- 
 
 25 TtKoo<i (f)pa^ovaL Trparreiv. koI irpcoTov fxev e(^' vfilv 
 
 aivdiKOi (Lept. p. 501 § 146) was 
 given to several classes of per- 
 sons appointed to speak on be- 
 half of the pubUc, and holding 
 what we might term a govern- 
 ment brief. We find them here 
 and Lept. I. c. appointed to 
 argue in defence of the laws 
 which it was proposed to re- 
 peal : conducting the prosecu- 
 tion in cases of Eisangelia, and 
 then usually ten in number, 
 and also called Karriyopoi. (Diet. 
 Antiq. s. v. Eisangelia). For 
 other purposes the number 
 varied : thus we have four auv- 
 SiKoi defending the law against 
 the proposal of Lcptines. They 
 were not a permanent body, 
 but were chosen for each occa- 
 sion: and they are to be dis- 
 tinguished from the avvryyopoi 
 K\r}puToi, of whom there were 
 also ten, who aided the Logis- 
 tae in auditing the public ac- 
 counts (Schoemann, Assemblies, 
 p. 108: Westermann, ap. Pauly 
 8. V. ffw-qyopoi). 
 
 ry ivotKarr] tov iKaTo/j.pai- 
 wvoi fJ-T^vdi] That the awriyopoi 
 who were to defend the old laws 
 should be clioscn at the very 
 first asHembly of the year, be- 
 fore it was known what amend- 
 
 ments would be pi'oposed, and 
 which of them would pass the 
 preliminary stage and reach the 
 Nomothetae, is justly regarded 
 as a very suspicious circum- 
 stance by Westei'mann, Franke, 
 and others. The more closely 
 this document is examined, the 
 less will it appear even to be 
 compiled out of genuine ma- 
 terials. 
 
 §§ 24—27, These laios are of 
 long standing and of proved ex- 
 pediency : there is nothing ar- 
 bitrary or oligarchical in their 
 provisions : nothing but ivhat is 
 temperate and breathes the spirit 
 of our popular institutions. They 
 provide ample safeguards for the 
 leisurely consideration of every 
 proposed neio law. But Timo- 
 crates complied with none of 
 these rules: lie neither gave his 
 law the required publicity, nor 
 invited discussion, nor waited 
 for any of the prescribed periods. 
 He smuggled his law through on 
 the very next day : the words of 
 the decree appointing Nomothe- 
 tae for the occasion are sufficient 
 to prove that the wliole affair 
 was a conspiracy of Timocrates 
 arid his associates. 
 
 § 24. (ppdl^ovcn Trpdrreiu]
 
 106 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§25—27. 
 
 iTTolrjcrav Bia')(^€ipoToviav, irorepov elaotcrreo'i icm vo- 
 fjbo^ Kacv6<i Tj hoKovcTLv dpKelv ol Kelfievot' fiera ravra 
 8' av ■)(^6ipoTOvrjcr7)T^ eiac^epeLV, ovk evOv^ Tcdevat, 
 irpoaera^av, dWa rrjv rpLTrjv aTreSei^av eKKKrjaLav, 
 Kol ovS' iv TavTT) TiOevai SeScoKaaiv, dWd aKeylraadai 
 Ka9' 6 Ti Toi'9 vofiodira'i Kadielre. ev 8e tm /xera^v 708 
 ')(p6v(i> TovT(p irpoa-era^av toi^ ^ov\op,evoi,<; ela(f)epeiv 
 €KTi6evat TOV<; vofiovi irpoaOev rcov eTrcovv/xcov, Iv 
 /3ov\6/xevo^ (TKe-ylrrjrai, Kav dcrvfx,(f)opov vfxlv KariSr] n, 
 26 (fipdarj Koi Kara c'^oX.rjv dvTenrr]. tovtcov /xevTOt rocr- 
 ovTcov 6vT(ov ovSev TreTTOirjKe TifMOKpaTr]'? ovrocrt' 
 ovre yap e^eorjKe tov vo/xov, ovt eowKev, et Ti<? epov- 
 Xer' dvayvoi)!; dvreiTretv, ovt dvep^eivev ovSiva roiv 
 rerayfievcov ')(^p6vwv ev rol<; vopbOi'^, dWd t?;? eKKKrj- 
 cria<i, ev § rov<; v6fiov<; i'rre'^etpoTOvrjcraTe, ov(J7]<i evBe- 
 KaTT}'^ TOV eKaTo/j,/3ai(iovo^ firjv'o'i, ScoSeKaTrj tov v6p,ov 
 elcrrjve'yKev, ev6v<s tjj vaTepala, Kol tuvt ovtcov K.po- 
 vicov KoX hid TavT d(f)€Lfji,ivr)^ t^? ^ov\r]<i, hiairpa^a- 
 
 "= XeipoTovijre Z cum Sr. X'^'-P'^'^'^^V'''^ Bens. 
 ^ evdeKdTT)^ libri. Illud e coni. Hieron. Wolfii. 
 
 Nearly = wpocrTdTTovaLu above : 
 but the use of (ppd^eiv for /ce- 
 Xeveip is extremely rare in 
 prose. 
 
 § 25. €(p' vfuv] The Staxet- 
 poTovia (§ 20 n.) really belonged 
 to the people in Ecclesia assem- 
 bled: Demosth. here assigns it 
 to the jury he is addressing by 
 a complimentary turn of phrase 
 not unfrequent in the Orators, 
 Comp. § 11, ^rj<pLap.' dwev iv 
 
 VfUV ' ApL(TTO(f>U)V . 
 
 XeipOTOvrjcrryr' elacpepeiv] Ben- 
 seler is almost certainly right 
 in avoiding the hiatus : on the 
 other hand, the aorist is more 
 appropriate than the present in 
 reference to a single vote. 
 
 /ca^' o TL Tovs vo/Moderas KaOi- 
 efre] ' on what terms you will 
 appoint the session of the law- 
 revisers ' K. Correlative to the 
 expression Kad' 6 tl KadedouvTai 
 in § 21, which is most Ukely 
 fabricated from the present pas- 
 
 § 26. tQv TeTayp-ivbiv xpovwv\ 
 Explained by r7)v reXevTaiav tQv 
 
 TpiQv eKK\7]aLU>V § 21, TTJC TpiT7]V 
 
 diridei^av iKKXijaiav § 25. The 
 legal interval would be nearly 
 three weeks (Hecatombaeon 11 
 —30, see § 20). Cf. Gilbert, 
 Staatsalterth. i. 285. 
 
 'KpovLwv'\ The festi%'al of 
 Kronos (Saturn) on the 12th of 
 Hecatombaeon, Diet. Antig.
 
 p. 708.] KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. 
 
 107 
 
 fi€vo<i fierd t6)V v^ilv ein^ovXevovTaiv KaOe^eadao vo- 
 fj,o66Ta<i Slo. ■\lrr](f)lafiaTO<i eVt tj} toov YiavaOrjvaLOiv 
 27 TTpocpdaei, ^ouXofiac S' vfitv to yp^^^Lcr/ui aur dva- 
 yvcovai to VLKrjcrav, 'iv Xhr\Q ^ on irdvTa crvvTa^afievoi 
 Kal ovSev drrb ravrofiarov rovicov CTrpaTTov. \a/3€ 
 TO •^■q(^i(T[jb avTol'i KaV dvaylyvuxTKe av. 
 
 ® eidrjd' vulgo et Dind. Illud 2. ' /cat om. Bens, cum SFrv. 
 
 s. V. — a.(peiij.iv7)s, ' discharged 
 from attendance' because of the 
 holiday. Cf. § 29 airavTuv v/iQu 
 dydPTUv iepofjLTjviav. 
 
 Uavad-qvaiuiv] The question 
 whether these were the Greater 
 or Lesser Panathenaea is of 
 some interest in connexion with 
 the chronology of this speech. 
 The Greater Panathenaea were 
 held every four years (a irevre- 
 rr)pU) in the third year of each 
 Olympiad, and lasted twelve 
 days, Hecatombaeon 17 — 28. 
 In other years the Lesser Pana- 
 thenaea were held at the same 
 season : it is probable, though 
 not certain, that they also 
 lasted twelve days {Diet. Antiq. 
 s. v.). Now the date of this 
 speech is some time in the 
 archonship of Eudemus (or 
 Thudemus, according to Blass 
 p. 2U) 01. 106, -4, B.C. 353— 
 2. There were Greater Pana- 
 thenaea in the archonship of 
 DiotimuH, at the beginning of 
 01. 100, 3, July 354. If the 
 Greater are intended, upwards 
 of a year must have elapsed 
 between the law of Timocratea 
 and Diodorus' prosecution of 
 it. According to lienseler, the 
 point was rightly decided in 
 favour of the Lesser (i. e. July 
 353) by Blume in his prole- 
 gomena. 1 have not been able 
 to consult Blame's tract, an in- 
 augural dinsertation at Berlin, 
 
 1823 ; but his conclusion is a 
 certain one. It is clear through- 
 out the speech that the person 
 of the defendant is attacked, 
 and not merely his law : the 
 irpodea/xia or time limit of a 
 year had not exj^ired. Hence 
 it is quite impossible that the 
 law can have been proposed at 
 the Greater Panathenaea of 354. 
 Blass, who does not allude to 
 the Panathenaea, gives by im- 
 plication the same date when he 
 remarks that ' at the end of 
 01. 10(j, 3 ( = summer of 353) 
 matters had gone so far that 
 Androtion and his colleagues 
 had only the alternatives of im- 
 mediate payment or of being 
 adjudged defaulters.' 
 
 § 27. cvfTo^dp.ei'OL] opp. to 
 airo TavTo/jLaTov, 'everything bj' 
 deliberate contrivance, and no- 
 thing on the spur of themoment.' 
 
 Xa/iJe TO xj/rjcpiaiJ.' avroh] (To 
 the clerk) 'For the information 
 of the jury, take the decree and 
 read it :' avrois is to be joined 
 (as a dat. commodi) to XajS^, 
 not to dvayiyvuiuKe. A com- 
 moner phrase in Demosth. is 
 Xa^^ yiiot, 'please take.' Bense- 
 ler follows IS and some other 
 MSS. in omitting /caJ, and justi- 
 fies tlie abruptness of dvayi- 
 yvoKjKiov by other instances : he 
 translates 'Nimm ihuen das 
 Decrut her. Lies es.'
 
 108 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§ 27, 28. 
 
 ^H(J)12MA. 
 
 [ Eiirl Trj<i Uav8tovLSo<; ttjOwt?;?, evSeKarrj t^? 
 7rpvTav€La<i, "'^irLKpdrr^q etirev, oVtw? av to. lepa Ovt}- 
 Tac Kol 7)^ ot,OLKT)crc<; LKavr) '^kvqrai kcu el nvo'i ivSel 
 'TTpo'i ra Tlava6r]vaia hioLKrjdfj, tov<; irpvTavei'i tov<; 
 TT]<i UavStovLSo<; KadicraL vofxodera^ avpiov, rov<; Se 
 vofioOera'? eJvat eva kol '^CKlov'; iic rwv ojiwiJiOKOTWv, 
 (rvvvo^oOerelv he koI rrjv ^ovXrjv.l 
 
 8 Kai TTcDs i] Bens, cum 2r. 
 
 'EttJ TTJs UapdiovlSos TrpwTT/s] 
 This psephisma is evidently a 
 clumsy forgery. Several eccen- 
 tricities of phrase or statement 
 are noticed by Benseler : (1) i-n-l 
 TTJs n. TrpwT7]S should be eVi rrjs 
 n. (pvXrjs irpuiT-ris vpvTavevoiiarjt, 
 implying that the Pandionid 
 tribe had drawn by lot the first 
 prytany this year : (2) avvvofxo- 
 Beretv Be Kal r-qv ^ov\t]v is incon- 
 sistent with d(p€LfjL4vr]s rrjs ^ov\t]S 
 in the preceding section : (3) it 
 was not the Prytanes, but the 
 Thesmothetae, who presided 
 over the framing of new laws ; 
 see however below, § 33 n. : (4) 
 the absence of the usual intro- 
 ductory formulas, examples of 
 which are given in Schoemann, 
 Antiq. p. 386. Another argu- 
 ment, in which I am unable to 
 follow Benseler, will be noticed 
 further on. 
 
 'E7ri/cpdT7;s] This is the read- 
 ing of all modern Edd. since 
 Taylor, supported by most of 
 the MSS. and the scholiast Ul- 
 pian. Dindorf rightly insists 
 that copyists were likely enough 
 to substitute the name of Timo- 
 crates for the obscure Epicrates, 
 while the latter name could not 
 have found its way into the 
 MSS. unless it were the genuine 
 
 reading. Ulpian's remark is : 
 'iypa\l/ev 6 'EiriKpdTTjS, (f>L\os rod 
 l!L/xoKpdTov%...€l yhp /cat to. S6o 
 iiroLr]<Tev 6 TifiOKpdT7]S, vTroTrros 
 cLv iyivero. The expressions 
 /uera tuv vfuv eiri^ovKevbvTWV 
 § 26 and 6 ypd(pajv § 28 also 
 point to another person than 
 Timocrates as the mover of the 
 decree. 
 
 oTToij &!/] ' In order that the 
 sacrifices may be oiJered, that 
 the ways and means may be 
 sufficient,' K. As E. W. has 
 pointed out, the sense of Stokij- 
 ais passes by an easy transition 
 from ' administration ' to ' reve- 
 nues.' So the Finance Minister 
 is 6 eirl T17 SiotK'^aei, Androt. 
 %S5n. 
 
 ivc. Kalxi^^ovs] Benseler finds 
 additional proof of the spurious- 
 ness of this document in the 
 fact that the number of Nomo- 
 thetae is mentioned : 1001 being 
 the usual number, he argues, 
 need not have been specified. 
 It would be safer to say that the 
 real number of the Nomothetae 
 is unknown ; and it is pretty 
 certain that it was not uniform. 
 The statement of Pollux, that 
 there were 1000 of them, is un- 
 trustworthy, and in all proba- 
 bility based only upon the pre-
 
 p. 709.] KATA TIMOKPATOT2. 
 
 109 
 
 28 ^^vOvfMtjdrjT^^ [dva<yLyv(oaKO/j,€vov] rov yfrrjipLafMU- 
 T0<; «o9 re')(yLKW<i 6 jpdcpcov avro rrjv hioLKi^atv koX to 709 
 
 '' evdv/xridTjT^ Bekk. Bens. Bl. cum libris. hedvix-qdriTe Hier. 
 Wolfius. 
 
 sent passage {y^o\i,Proleg. Lept, 
 p. 135, Schoemann, Assemblies, 
 p. 257). The only other text 
 bearing upon the question is 
 Andoc. de Myst. § 84, whence 
 F. A. Wolf assumes the number 
 500 as the normal one, and 
 thinks it was doubled on this 
 occasion. But instead of i] 
 /SouXtj Kal oi vo/xodeTac oi irevTa- 
 KocnoL Blass now reads ^ ^ovXi] 
 oi irevTaKocnoL Kal oi vo/JLoderai, 
 the context showing that the 
 two councils require to be dis- 
 tinguished, i] jSoi/Xtj ot irevraKo- 
 ffioi and i) ^ovXrj rj e| 'Apelov 
 Trdyov. Schoemann in his latest 
 work {Antiq. p. 388) admits that 
 the number of the Nomothetae 
 varied with the importance of 
 the laws under consideration, 
 though he accepts the decree 
 now before us without remark 
 as an example. If we bear in 
 mind that the Nomothetae were 
 not merely chosen from among 
 theHeliasts, but sat like a jury 
 for the trial of the new law, 
 which had its prosecuting and 
 defending counsel as in a regu- 
 lar law-suit, it will seem pro- 
 bable that the numbers varied 
 within much the same limits as 
 those of ordinary juries, from 
 201 upwards (above, § 9 n.). 
 Here, I have little doubt that 
 the number was suggested to 
 the compiler of the document by 
 the passage in § oiKaffTrjploii/ 
 dvoiv fls iva Kal X'^^ous i\(/r]^i,- 
 
 §§28—31. Comments on the 
 decree of Epicrates. Tlie real 
 object of the compirators was 
 
 disguised under a pretended zeal 
 for the due splendour of the fes- 
 tival. When a jury of Nomo- 
 thetae hud been obtained, not a 
 icord more loas said about '■ways 
 and means' and ' Panathenaea,' 
 but Timocrates proceeded quietly 
 to pass his illegal decree. It ivas 
 too bad, tlmt the rules against 
 over-hasty legislation should be 
 susjjcndedby liis unconstitutional 
 motion. It was even loorse, it 
 xuas nothing less than cruel, that 
 advantage should have been 
 taken of a public holiday to in- 
 flict an injury , not upon a chance 
 individual, but upon the whole 
 state — by overthrowing its fun- 
 damental laws. 
 
 § 28. 'E^-^i/fi^^Tjr'] I now 
 follow Bekker, Benseler and 
 Blass in retaining the MS. 
 reading instead of Jerome 
 Wolf's conjecture evedvix-qdrire. 
 There is no doubt a difficulty 
 about joining the imperative to 
 the imperfect participle ava- 
 yiyvtjj(TKo/j.ivov ' while the decree 
 was being read.' K. translates 
 'Observe in the reading of the 
 decree,' and justifies the impe- 
 rative in a note, notwithstand- 
 ing that it is disapproved by so 
 many commentators. It is a 
 loose way of saying, 'Observe 
 how artfully /( appears from the 
 decree' &c. And similarly Ben- 
 seler: 'Entnehmt aus dem vor- 
 gelesenenDecret.' Without di'a- 
 yiyvuiaKoixivov, however, whicli 
 Blass has bracketed, and which 
 may easily have been inserted, 
 the senscruns smoothly enough. 
 
 6 ypa<j)U)v] Clearly dillurent
 
 110 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [% 28—31. 
 
 T^? eoprrj^ irpo(TTrjcrafxevo<; Kare'irei'yov, avekwv rov e/c 
 ru)V vofxwv ')(p6vov, avro'i eypaylrev avpiov voixoOerelv, 
 ov fia At Of ^ \v oo<i KoWiCTTa '^evono ti twv rrepl rrjv 
 eopT')]v (ouSe 'yap rjv vttoXocttov ouS' d8colKT]Tov ov- 
 8ev), dX}C Xva /jLtj TrpoaiaOofievou fxr]8ev6<i dvOpwiroiV 
 firjS' dvr€L7r6vro<; redeiT] Koi jevoiro Kvpio<i avTot<i oSe 
 29 vvv dyci)vt^6/jLevo<i v6fxo<;. reKfMrjpiov Se' KaOe^ofie- 
 vcov yap rdov vofiodeToou irepl fJiev tovtcov^, rr]<i StOLKrj- 
 <7e<w9 Kal Twv TlavaOrjvaicov, ovre ^(^eipova ovre ^eXrico 
 vofxov ovSev elcnjveyKev ovSel'i, irepX 8' (^v ovre to 
 ■ylrTjcpLcr/x eKeXevev o'l re vofiot KcoXvouai, TifjLOKpdrrj'i 
 ovToal Kard ttoWtjv rycry^taf ivo/jUodeTei, Kvptwrepov 
 ' tQiv yeypa/j.fievwi' tovtoiv Bekk. cum libris praeter D. 
 
 from TiiJ.oKpdT7]s ovroai. The 
 reading 'ETrt/cpdTijs in the last 
 section is thus confirmed. 
 
 TTjv dioLKTiffiv . . . KareTreiyov] ' un- 
 der pretext of financial arrange- 
 ments and the urgency of the 
 festival.' K. slightly con-ected. 
 TO KareTreTyou is not merely the 
 ' wants ' of the festival as regards 
 money (already sufficiently ex- 
 pressed by dLoiK-rjaiv), but the 
 urgency in point of time, the 
 plea of which was made an ex- 
 cuse for hurried legislation : cf. 
 § 18 ovSiv 'lctws vfjidi Kartirelyet 
 vvv cLKovaai.. 
 
 dveXihv rbv (ktQv vofiuivxpovov] 
 'setting aside (rather than, as 
 K., 'without adverting to') the 
 time prescribed by law;' i.e. the 
 third assembly of the current 
 prytauy, §§ 21, 25, rbv rerayfie- 
 vov xpovov § 26. Comp. Androt. 
 § 20 dveXovaa 7] ^ovKtj rbv voixov. 
 
 'iva 1X7) TTpoaiaOofi^vov] Madvig 
 Advers. Crit. i. p. 461 objects 
 that fxri thus placed would ne- 
 cessarily negative redelrj, which, 
 as he observes, is contrary to 
 the sense. He therefore pro- 
 
 poses to strike out /xri. Other 
 scholars are content to take it 
 as a repeated negative, /x?) Trpo- 
 aiaOojxivov /xrjdevo^. The case is 
 well put by Prof. Butcher, Class, 
 liev. i. 220 : ' Accumulated ne- 
 gatives in Greek do not cancel 
 one another so long as the added 
 negative adds a new idea.' 
 
 6 vvv dyoovi^o/ievos^ 'which is 
 now upon its trial:' not, of 
 course, to be translated as a 
 passive. 
 
 § 29. Trept /xev tovtwv] An- 
 other instance where MS. S 
 stands alone in expunging a 
 manifest gloss : cf. Androt. § 59 
 11. 
 
 Kara TroXKTJv -ricrvxiav] 'quite 
 at his ease ' K. W. : 'in aller 
 Ruhe ' Benseler. The expres- 
 sion is, I think, humorous, re- 
 ferring to the coolness of the 
 man and the secrecy with which 
 his bill was smuggled through, 
 rather than to the orderliness 
 of the assembly in which it 
 passed. 
 
 Kvpidjrepov] ' of more author- 
 ity.'- — riy £K Tov \l/r]<picrfj,aTos =
 
 p. 710.] RATA TIMOKPATOTS. Ill 
 
 /X.6I/ vofjbLcra^ top eK rod ■^ri<piaiiaTO<i i) top ev rot<i vo- 
 fioc^; elpr^jxevov ^^^pot'or, oi58' oriovv 8e (jio^rjOeU el 
 airdvTOiv vjjlwv dyovrcov lepo/jiTjviav, Kal vofjiov KetfMe- 
 vov fxyjT IBla firjTe kolvt} firjBev dW')]\ov<; aSiKelv ev 
 TOVTfp Tft) y^povu), fxrjSe '^pi-jixari^eiv 6 re av fir/ irepv 
 Trj<; €0pTfj<i fi, avT6<i ov^ ^va rov rvx^ovra, aW bXrjv 
 
 30 dSiKciSv (fiavrjaerat Trjv irokiv. KaiToi ttw? ov oeLvov 
 elSora /xev tou? vofxov;, wv oXlyco rrporepov iravTe'i 
 tjKovaare, Kuptov; ovra^, elSora S' ovk ecovff erepov 
 vofiov -^rjcpiafM ovSev, ovS" av evvo/xov y, vofiov 
 Kvptoorepov elvat, jpd-^ai, Kal 6eivai vofxov vfuv Kara 
 y^rj^iafMa, o Kal avro irapd rov<; vofxov^ elprjfievov 
 
 31 i]8ei ; rj 7ro59 ov axerXiov rrjv fjbev ttoXcv avrrjv eKaarq) 
 rjfiwv SeScoKevat dSeiav rov /u-?;'^ rt iradelv drjhh V 
 Betvov ev rovrw tm XP^^V 'Jroir^craaav iepo/jbrjviav, 
 avrrjv he fjurj reryp^T^/cez^ai ravrr]^ t^9 dcr(J3a\ei,a<i irapa 7 10 
 Ti/j,OKpdrov<;, dX)C ev avrfj rfj lepo/JbTjvia rd p,eyc(TT 
 7]BiKr]a6at; rl yap dv T19 /xel^ov rihUrjaev ISlcott]'; 
 dvrjp rj KaraXvuiv rov^ v6fjbov<; avTfj<i, Sl wv ot/cetrat; 
 
 ^ fiT) om. Z Bekk. Bens. 
 
 aCpiov : Tov iu roh vdfiois elpvfii- § 22, which however is the more 
 
 vov, 19 clays at least, cf. § 26. common in the Attic writers. 
 
 Upotxrjvlau] lepoixtjvla is (1) the § 30. ypd\paL Kal deipai] 
 
 'sacred month 'of the four great 'frame and propose a law- in 
 
 games during which, as in the pursuance of a decree. ' K. 
 
 treiKja Dei of the medieval § 31. aSeiav rov fi-q rt. iradetv] 
 
 Church, hostilities were for- The usual idiom. Omitting ni) 
 
 bidden: (2) any 'holy day' or because in i; it is only added by 
 
 high festival, on which all pri- a later hand is a very rash pro- 
 
 vate enmities and consequent ceeding. Demosth. would at 
 
 molestation were required to least have written tov naOdv ri : 
 
 cease. The Roman rule was andDindorf shows his superior- 
 
 the same : ' Fcriis jurgia amo- ity of judgment in retaining the 
 
 vento,' Cic. de Legg. ii. 8 § 1!). common reading. 
 
 Xp-niJ-a-ri^ii-v] Here in the gen- §§ 32—38. Tiimcrates has 
 
 eral sense of ' transacting busi- not onlij treated with contempt 
 
 ness:' to bo distinguished from all the rules and safeguards 
 
 the technical legal meaning of lohich fence in ncio legislation,
 
 112 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§32,33. 
 
 32 'On fiev roivvv ovhev (dv TrpoarJKe re Kat Ke\ev- 
 ovatv ol vojjioi TreTTOLTjKep, et? rd TrpoeLprj/jueva TL<i 
 aKOTTwv av yvoLrj. on S' ov fxovov Kara tout aBcKel, 
 el 7rapa/3a? top ■)(^p6vov top e'/c tmv v6p.03v koL to ySoy- 
 XevcraaOai koX aKe-^jraadac rrepl tovtcov vfid<i iravre- 
 \m<i dveXdov ovarii lepofxrjvta'i epofioderec, aWa kol 
 Kar eKeipo, on Trdatv ipapTiOP elcrev7Jpo'^e rot? ovat 
 p6fJboi<i, avTLKa St] fxd\^ dKpi/3Q)<i fxaOtjaeade. ava- 
 lypwdi he fioi \a/3o)p tovtopI TrpcoTOP top POfiop, o? 
 SiappijSrjv ovK ea vofiop ovSep^ epapriop ela^epetp, 
 
 by passing his law loith only one 
 day's notice, and on a holiday: 
 he has also carried a laio ivhich 
 contradicts an existing law, arid 
 has not taken the proper consti- 
 tutional course of first repealing 
 the latter (32). The established 
 law is next reviewed (33), praised 
 for its democratic tendency (34) 
 and care for tender consciences 
 (35). The legislator had pro- 
 vided for the iitmost publicity 
 in vieiv of any change, thereby 
 making the people guardians of 
 their own laws. And it is no 
 sufficient answer to this, to say 
 that the bad laic may be in- 
 dicted; ice want prevention, not 
 cure, and the legislator provides 
 for this by blocking up the first 
 approaches to illegality, and 
 making it difiicult for conspira- 
 tors to stir a step (36, 37). Ti- 
 niocrates has done his best to 
 expunge all these safeguards 
 from the statute-hook : his law 
 is, so to speak, contrary not to 
 one but to all the existing laics : 
 it strikes at the very roots of the 
 constitution (38). 
 
 § 32. Kara tout' dSt/cet, ei] 
 In the corresponding clause we 
 have /car' iKuvo, ore with the 
 usual love of variety (Androt. 
 
 § 36 n.). The use of ei^^Sri is 
 almost confined to verbs which 
 express some mental emotion 
 (§ 197 n. : Jelf, Synt. § 804, 9), 
 suehas davfid^fLv, dyawdv, deivbv 
 troieiadai. &c., and the present 
 is probably a solitary instance 
 with dSt/ceii'. The most common 
 construction of dSiKe'tv is with a 
 participle, as in dSi/cet Sw/cpdr??? 
 oOs ixiv 7] TToXis vofxi^ei deoui ov 
 vofxi^ixiv, Xen. Memor. init. We 
 should also expect dSt/cei touto 
 with the accus. cognati to ex- 
 press ' his oilence consists in 
 this:' the addition of Kara is 
 pleonastic, and rare in prose. 
 This ' expletive' use of Kard, as 
 well as of other ^^repositions, is 
 noticed as a mannerism of So- 
 phocles by Prof. Lewis Camp- 
 bell in his Introduction p. 27 
 {Essay on Language of Soph. 
 § 19) : his examples are Oed. 
 Tyr. 1087 /card yvil>fxav idpis and 
 Trach. 102 w KpaTiareincv Kar 
 ofifxa. 
 
 auTLKa 8r] /xdXa] Androt. 
 § 65 n. 
 
 ivafTLov] ' The policy of the 
 Athenian lawgiver was not to 
 allow two inconsistent laws to 
 remain together in his code ; 
 and there was no such thing
 
 p. 710.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 113 
 
 idv 8e rt^ €l(T(f)€p'rj, <ypd(f)ecr6ai KeXevei. avajt- 
 yvcoaKe. 
 
 NOM02. 
 
 33 [Tcov Se vofjLcov tcop Keifievcov firj i^ecvai Xvcrai 
 fjLTjSeva, edv (jli) ev vofxod6Tai,<i. totc S' i^elvat rat 
 ^ovXojxevw WdrjvaLcov Xvetv, erepov TiOevrt dvd^ orov 
 av XvT]. Sia^eipoTovlav Se iroielv roii'i TrpoeSpov; irepl 
 TovTcov Twv vofxdiv, iTpWTov /xev Tvepl TOV K6t/u,evov, el 
 ooKel i7rtTJ]8eio<i elvat rut Sij^^o) rep ^ XOrjvaioJv i) ov, 
 eTreira irepl rov TiOe/xevov. oirorepov S' dv '^(^eipoTo- 
 vqawaLV oi vofioderaL, tovtov Kvptov^ elvai. evavrlov 
 Be vo/xov fir] e^elvai riOevaL toov vojjlwv twv Keifxevodv 
 firjSevi. edv Se Tt? \vaa<; rivd tcov voficov ru>v Kei- 
 fievcov erepov avnO^ p,rj eTrirySeiov to3 8i]fia> rco 
 
 ' rov KipLov Z Bens, cum 2. 
 
 among the Athenians as repeal- 
 ing a statute by implication.' 
 K. What to us seems so obvi- 
 ous, the introduction into the 
 new law of a clause ' So-and-so 
 is hereby repealed,' must have 
 been less easy for the Greeks 
 in the absence of a convenient 
 mode of reference such as mo- 
 dern legislation, even when so 
 amorphous as the English, in- 
 variably supplies. 
 
 ypdp((7dai KeXfVii] ypd(p€(Ttlai 
 is of couise the middle voice, 
 ' to imijcach or indict.' ' Re- 
 quires that it should be indict- 
 ed' is K.'s translation. The 
 indictment, however, lay equally 
 against the law itself and the 
 proposer iidf ns fla<t)ipri) : cf. 
 § 10 n. ypaypdnefoi tov v6p.ov. 
 
 § '6d. NO.MOi;. There is no 
 reason to think this document 
 any more genuine than those 
 
 W. I). 
 
 previously considered : though 
 it has been held (see § 20 n.) to 
 be composed out of genuine 
 materials. 
 
 iv voixodirais] 'before a juiy 
 of Nomotlietae.' We have seen 
 that there might be more than 
 one such jury impanelled, §§ 21 
 n., 27 /(. The rendering of the 
 English and German transla- 
 tors, 'before the Nomotlietae,' 
 is inexact. 
 
 diaxii-poToviav^ §§ 20 ;(., 25 n. 
 
 Tovs TTpo^dpovi] Frof. Butcher 
 shows from an inscription 
 CAdrivaiov, 1876, p. 179= C'./..-l. 
 ii. 115 b) that the mention of 
 the irpoidpoi. here is not as in- 
 correct as is commonly sup- 
 posed: (u 5i Tois vofJ-oOirais t[oi)s 
 
 TTpO^jOpOVS ot dv irpOibpiVWCTLV 
 
 [km. t6v c]wLa'TdTr]v vpoffvoixoOe- 
 Tilv. Compare Diet. Antiq. s.v. 
 Nomothetae, ii. 242 b. 
 
 8
 
 114. 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§33—36. 
 
 Aarjvaicov t] evavnov tcov KeifMevcov ru), Ta<i ypacpa^; 
 etvai Kar avrov Kara rov v6/jlou 09 Kelrai, edv ri'i /xrj J 11 
 iTriTrjheLOv 6fj vo/xov.] 
 34 'H/coucrctre /xev rov vo/jlov ttoWmv 8e KaXdo<i kbi- 
 fievoiv vojjbwv rfj iroXei ovhev6<i t/ttov rjjov/Mai Kai 
 TOVTOv d^ico'i e-Traivov yeypdijiOai. aKeyp'acrOe yap (w? 
 hiKaioyi Koi a(^6hp iiirep rov Stj/xov Kelrai. ovk ea 
 T0i9 vTrdp-x^ovcn vofioa evavriov elcrcfiepeLV, eav fii] 
 
 ™ 17 om, Bens, cum prS. 
 
 evavTiou tuiv KeLfxevwv tw] The 
 case here supposed is evidently 
 that, after the repeal of a given 
 law on the ground of repugnancy 
 has been carried by the pro- 
 poser of the new law, other 
 laws not contemplated by him 
 are subsequently discovered to 
 be inconsistent with his new 
 legislation : a further ground 
 for a ypacpT) TrapavoijUijv. We 
 need not be surprised that the 
 previous sanction of the Nomo- 
 thetae did not exempt the pro- 
 poser from indictment : there is 
 no reason to doubt the state- 
 ment that he might be impeach- 
 ed on the vague charge that the 
 law was 'contrary to public po- 
 licy' i/x-n iiTLT-qSeLov) as well as 
 on more definite grounds : but 
 after the time limit of a year 
 {irpodefffiia) the law only.and 
 not the proposer, was liable 
 to prosecution. The sovereign 
 people was unwilling to recog- 
 nise any limit to its power of 
 taking all executive and legis- 
 lative authority into its own 
 hands, and suspending consti- 
 tutional checks : but it was well 
 aware of its own fallibility, and 
 distrustful of the professional 
 politicians whom yet it had to 
 follow as its advisers. Hence 
 
 the large and indefinite powers 
 with which this indictment was 
 armed : it was a TLfXTjTos dydii', 
 and any punishment might be 
 inflicted at the discretion of the 
 Dicastery {Diet. Antiq. s.v. Pa- 
 ranomon Graphe). 
 
 In the present passage the 
 two cases of (a) inexpedient and 
 [h) contradictory laws are not 
 distinguished as clearly as they 
 must have been in the text of a 
 genuine law. 
 
 OS xeirai] 1^ oi = r ov vbixov tov 
 Kel/xevov, but the words are to be 
 joined closely to edv rts /j.ri iiri.- 
 T-qouov dfi VO/JLOV, like our phrase 
 'according to the statutes in 
 that case made and provided.' 
 
 § 34. vwep Tou S-qp.ov'] A le- 
 gal system in which difficulties 
 of interpretation are likely to 
 occur implies the existence of 
 a body of skilled lawyers : the 
 Athenian laws were intended 
 to be administered by plain 
 men, and their framers there- 
 fore endeavoured (without suc- 
 cess it would seem) to avoid all 
 ambiguities. This arrangement 
 is praised as 'in the interest 
 of the democracy:' for similar 
 compliments cf. v/uLeis oi woWol 
 § 37 : €<p' vplv iTroiTjcrav Staxf'po- 
 Tovlav § 25.
 
 p. 711.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 115 
 
 \v<7rj Tov irporepov Keijxevov. tlvo<; eiveKa; Trpcorov 
 fi6v tV vfitv i^fi rd BiKaia yjn^cfiL^ecrOac /xer evaejBeia'i. 
 
 35 €t 7ap elrjcrav hvo rive<i ivavrloi vofioL, Kai tiv€<; 
 dvrlBiKOi, Trap' ufilv dycovi^ocvro i) irepl hrjfxoaiwv r; 
 irepX IBicov TrpajfiaTcov, d^iol S e/cdTepo<i viKav /jltj 
 
 TOV aVTOV BeLKVVCOV VOflOV, OVT d/jL(f)OTepOl<i eVL BrjTTOV 
 
 yp-T](f)LaaaOai' tto)? ydp ; ovre darepo) '^'rj(f)i,^o/jLevov<; 
 evopKelv irapa yap rov ivavriov, ovra S' 6fioLQ}<; 
 
 36 Kvptov, rj yvcSai'i crv/x^aLvec. rovro r ovv virep vp^wv 
 ^vXaTTop^evo^ ravra irpoelTre Koi ere 7rp6<; tovtw 
 jBovKopbevo's (f)v\aKa<i vfJLd<i twv voficov Karaarrjaaf 
 rjSet ydp eKelvo, hri ra? dXX.a(f a? yeypa(f)€v avrwv 
 (j)v\aKd<; eari 7roWa)(^i] hiaKpovaaaOai. Tov<i avvrj- 
 
 irpQnov iikv'\ ' Quod ei respon- 
 det iireira, latet in formula ^tl 
 TTpbs TovTif) V. 15.' G. H. Schae- 
 fer. Compare the note § 1 on 
 the opening words of the speech, 
 TOV fJiiv iyuivos k.t.X. 
 
 /j.€t' evffe^tias] 'To give a 
 just verdict with a safe consci- 
 ence' may not seem a difficult 
 matter. But it is casuistically 
 argued that if laws are repug- 
 nant no possible verdict can be 
 conscientious, for it must vio- 
 late one or the other of these 
 laws, and both are equally bind- 
 ing. 
 
 § .35. firjaav] elev is of course 
 much more common : 'nam At- 
 tici veteres non elTjfiev etTjre eiri- 
 (xaf dixerunt, sed tJnef elTeelev,' 
 Dind. Praef. Poet. Seen. ed. 5, 
 p. iii. We find however etrjcrav 
 as early as Thucyd. i. 9 (5 5 
 (passed over without remark 
 both by Shilleto and Classen) : 
 yvoiy)(Tav Demosth. Apatur. p. 
 897 § 15. — d^iot, again, is a less 
 Attic form : two inferior MSS. 
 
 read a^ioit). 
 
 deLKvvwv] Androt. § 34 n. 
 
 rj ypu>(7LS avfi^aivei] ' the re- 
 sult of the decision is contrary 
 to' (Trapa)... 
 
 § 36. tovt6 r ovv...StaKpoi- 
 craadaL] 'Against such a mis- 
 chief the legislator provided by 
 this clause. But he had a fur- 
 ther motive in it. He wished 
 to make you guardians of the 
 laws ; for he knew that the otlier 
 safeguards which he has pro- 
 vided for them there are various 
 ways of eluding.' This is K.'s 
 rendering : and it is a good ex- 
 ample of the advantage often 
 gained by breaking up a Greek 
 (or Latin) period into short 
 English sentences (§ 138 «.). 
 
 Toi's ffvvrjySpous] Called tous 
 (TvvairoXoyrjao/j.ivovi above § 23, 
 where see the note. The addi- 
 tion of the words oi's x^'P"'''*'- 
 i/etre helps to prove that they 
 were (as there stated) not a 
 permanent body, but chosen 
 for the nonce. 
 
 S— 2
 
 116 
 
 KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. [§§36—38, 
 
 <y6pov<;, 0U9 '^eiporovelre, Svvair av irela-al rt? cricoTrdv. 
 eKTidevat, KeXevei rod TrpoecSevac iravTWi' to.')^ av, el 
 Ti;^ot, Toi)? /xev dvret'jrovTa'i av, el /ir/" TTpoaicrdoivTO, 
 37 Xddoc, 01 S" ouSev irpoae')(ovT€<i dyvoolev" dv. dXkd 
 <ypdylraadat, vr) At" macrrov ecrrtv, o Kdyoi vvvl ire- 
 TTolrjKa' KdvTavd\ av^ d'rraXkd^r) ra'^ rov eirLaravra, 
 
 " ixrj oin. Z Bekk. Diud. Bl. ; v. not. 
 ° avayvdiev iidein cum FA. 
 1' Kciv ivravd' Bekk. Bens, mm SFTfivs. 
 1 Tts om. Z Bekk. Bens, cum SF. 
 
 ovvaiT dv -Kticrai tis aiwTrdv'\ 
 The Greeks, and especially the 
 Athenians, sought refuge in 
 numbers from their habitual 
 distrust of individuals : hence 
 their monster juries whether of 
 dicasts (§ 9 n.) or nomothetae 
 (§ 27 n.). These cw-qyopoi or 
 ffvvbiKOL, a small body of advo- 
 cates retained to defend the ex- 
 isting law (Lept. p. 501 § 1-1(3), 
 are supposed to be cajaable of 
 selling their cause to the inno- 
 vators. — iKTiBevaL, § 18 /(. 
 
 rod TTpoeibivai ira.vTas\ The 
 genitive expresses the ' final 
 cause ' (to the end that, in order 
 that) : comp. Thucyd. i. 4 tov 
 TCLS npoffooovs p.d\\ov Uvai avTi2 
 (accus. and inf.), id. viii. 14 
 TOV /x-q e^dyyiXroL yeveaOat. (sim- 
 ple infin.). Other examples in 
 Madvig, Synt. 170 c, Eem. Cf. 
 below, § 133 11. : i. Steph. p. 
 1111 § 41 TOV ^e^aiav avrc^ Tr)v 
 diraWayrjv elvai. 
 
 Tax' ^''' ^' ''■'^X'"] This pas- 
 sage is not without difficulty ; 
 but Benseler has, on the whole, 
 successfully vindicated the read- 
 ings of the MSS. against the 
 alterations approved by Bekker 
 and Dindorf and even by the 
 Zurich editors and Blass. It is 
 at first sight easier to read ei 
 TTpoaiadoLVTo, omitting |U7j, and to 
 
 connect the clause ei irpoalcdoLv- 
 To with TOV% avTeiTTovTas dv. But 
 fxT] is in all the MSS. : and if we 
 join el fxr] irpoalcrdoLVTo with \d- 
 doL, it is easy to supply el -wpoai- 
 adoLVTO with Toiis avTenrovTas dv. 
 The sense will then be : 'It may 
 possibly happen that persons 
 who, with previous notice, would 
 have opiDOsed the law, without 
 such notice may fail to detect 
 its bearing [XdOoC] : while otliers 
 through inattention may be 
 ignorant of the whole matter ' 
 (reading with 2 and most MSS. 
 dyvooTev for the dvayvoiev of the 
 Editors). If dvayvoiev be re- 
 tained, the latter clause will 
 mean that ' the notice will be 
 read only by those who caie no- 
 thing about it : ' a good enough 
 meaning in itself, but the au- 
 thority of the MSS. is, I think, 
 decisive in favour of dyvoolev 
 which, as rendered above, yields 
 an equally good sense. 
 
 § 37. d\\d...vi] Aia] ' But it 
 may be said : ' of an objection in- 
 troduced only to be refuted : cf . 
 Androt. § 69. 
 
 dv diraWd^rj tis] ' Yes ; hut 
 if a man gets rid of the prose- 
 cutor, the state is stiU cheated.' 
 K. The notion of ' ridding one- 
 self of ' a thing is more usually 
 expressed by diraWdTTea-dai tl-
 
 p. 712.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 117 
 
 r] 7ro\i<i TrapaKeKpovarai. rt? ovv fiovrj (f)v\aKr] koX 
 BtKala Kul l3e^aL0<i rdoi/ voficov ; u/Ltet? oi iroWor ovre 
 yap TO yvcopat kul hoKLfidcrat, to /SeXTicTTOv e^eXecrdai 
 hvvaLT av v^iwv ovhe eh'^, ovt€ drraWd^a'; Kal Sta- 7^2 
 <f)6eLpa<; irelcraL tov -^^eLpco OeaOat v6p,ov civtI tov 
 38 Kpet,TTovo<i. hid TavTa [TrdvT^ icji eKdaTTjv diravTa 
 TTjV o86v T(ov dBiK7]fidT0}v, KcoXvwv Kal ouK idov /SaSi- 
 ^eiv Toi)? eiri^ovXevovTa'; vpuv. TauTa TrdvTU Ti/xo- 
 
 ■■ ovdeU Bens, aim 5). 
 
 v6i : but dtraWdrTeiv Tiva is 
 found in a hardly distinguish- 
 able sense, ' get him to leave 
 one alone,' Lat. amovere, as adv. 
 Phorm. p. 914 § 22 tovs davei- 
 ffavrai aTrrjWa^tu : Isae. Dicaeog. 
 § 28 dwaWdaaeiv tovs xRV'^Tas. 
 Here, therefore, it is practically 
 equivalent to Treiaai ffiwirdv in 
 the last section. So Harpocra- 
 tion s. V. d(peU Kai diraWd^as : 
 dTraXXd^aj, orav irdar] tov ejKa- 
 XovfTa dTToaTrjvaL Kai /JLTjKiTi iy- 
 KaXelv. The word is, however, 
 more frequently used of the 
 creditor giving a ' release and 
 discharge ' than of the debtor 
 satisfying his claims : see Mr 
 Paley on pro Phorm. p. 952 § 25. 
 — The best M.SS. read kSlv iv- 
 Tuvd' and ^F omit tis : whence 
 Dindorf conjectures dvaWd^rjs, 
 comparing i. Phil. p. 51 § -io, 
 where he has restored waTd^jjs 
 from 2:, the other MSS. reading 
 TTttTdf 5 Tis. Benseler follows the 
 Zurich F^ditors in simply omit- 
 ting Ttj, but expresses it in 
 his viry idiomatic translation : 
 ' wenn man hier den, dereinem 
 zu Leibe geht, sich vom Halse 
 schaffcn kann.' If the author- 
 ity of ^ is to decide this point, 
 the ellipse of ns, common 
 enough in poetry, may be justi- 
 
 fied by several examples in Pla- 
 to : comp. Jelf, Sijnt. § 373 b.— 
 For the sense of rbv iiriaTduTa 
 E. W. compares Aeschin. Ctes. 
 § 79 Ar]fxo(T6€VT]s 5' €ir^(TTT] tQv 
 
 dWu}!/ KUTTiyOpOS. 
 
 vfieh ol iroWoi] The jury are 
 identified with the Athenian 
 people in their assembly, as in 
 § 25. 
 
 dwaWd^as Kdl 5(.a<p9eLpas] As 
 G. H. Schaefer points out in his 
 technical language, ' corruption ' 
 particularises the general notion 
 of ' getting out of the way. ' I 
 cannot think, with B. W., that 
 dTraXXdfas conveys any notion 
 of intimidating as distinguished 
 from corrupting : and I own to 
 a faint suspicion that the words 
 Kal 5ia<p$eipas niay be a gloss. 
 
 These last two sections are an 
 amusing bit of clap-trap, and 
 exhibit Demosthenes playing 
 upon the Athenian dread of 
 collusion and betrayal of their 
 interests. ' Four or five a-wrj- 
 yopoi may be "got at " and in- 
 duced to report in favour of a 
 bad law ; a single prosecutor 
 may be " squared ;" but no one 
 could ever hope to " get at " or 
 "square" you, the great heart 
 of the nation,' &c., &c.
 
 118 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§38—40, 
 
 KpaTt]^, ovTQ) Ka\o)<; koL SiKalco'^ Kel/jbeva, '^(f)dvi- 
 aev, e^yfkeiy^ev, oaov rjv iirl rovrw, Koi vofMOV elatjve<y- 
 K€v (iTraaiv evavrlov w? eTTO? elireiv TOt<; ovaiv, ov 
 Trapavayvovi;, ov \vaa<;, ov 8ov<; aipecrcv, ovk aWo 
 7roi,i]aa<i ovSev tu)v TrpoarjKovTwv. 
 39 n? fxev ovv evo'x^o'i tj} ypa(})^ KudearTjKev, evav- 
 
 TLOv etcr€vr]vo'^a)<i toI^ ovai z^oyLiot?, olfiai 7rdvTa<; vfxa'i 
 fjaorjauac iva S' elhrjre ivap oXov<i v6/jL0v<; olov oi^tov 
 eLarjve^Kev, avafyvctiaerai irpwrov v/xtv rov tovtou 
 vofiov, elra toi)? dX\,ov<;, ol<i ovro<i evavTio^ iariv. 
 dvajLyvoycTKe. 
 
 N0M02. 
 
 [ EttI t^9 UavScoulSo'; TrpooTT]';^, hwheKarr) t?}? 
 7rpvTaveLa<i, Ti/u,oKpdTT]<; elire, koI el nvt tcov o^eikov- 
 rcov ru> 8r]fj,oaL(p TrpoareTtfxijrai Kara vojjlov y Kara 
 •yjrrjcpicrfjLa heafxov t} to \olitov 7rpoaTC/u,7)6f/, elvac 
 
 ' Trpii)T7]i om. Bens, cum 2F. 
 
 § 38. da-qveyKev aTra<7Lv'\ The what sort of laws he has vio- 
 
 word a.Tral<7Lov, found only in lated:' and so Benseler, 'was 
 
 inferior MSS. and old editions, fiir ein Gesetz und in Wider- 
 
 but retained by Bekker within spruch mit welchen Gesetzen.' 
 
 brackets, is clearly an accidental 'Etti tt)': llavSiovLbos Trpurris] 
 
 repetition of dVacn!', as G. H. The incorrectness of this phrase 
 
 Schaefer was the first to ob- was pointed out on § 27. The 
 
 serve. document is admitted on all 
 
 TrapavayvoL's] Correlative to hands to be spurious, altogether 
 
 the use of Trapaypd<peiv Androt. composed, according to Wes- 
 
 § 34, where see note. termann and Dindorf, from the 
 
 •§§39 — 41. Proof that the Imv speech itself; and it seems 
 
 of Timocratea is contrary to ex- hardly worth while to improve 
 
 isting laws. This proof is work- its Greek by omitting -Kpur-qs, 
 
 ed out in detail in many sue- as Benseler does after 2 and 
 
 ceeding sections, down to § 67. one or two other MSS. 
 
 § 39. Trap' ol'oi'S v6p.ovs'\ irapa dudeKary rrjs TrpVTaveias] The 
 
 is ' contrary to,' as in § 35 : not compiler found this date in the 
 
 'in comparison with,' as in genuine words of Demosth.him- 
 
 vapavayvoiis just before. K. self, § 26. 
 
 neatly renders 'what sort of ft...7rpo(TTerip,rjTai...7J ...irpoo-- 
 
 a law he has introduced, and Tt/j.-r)d7J] A correction in one
 
 p. 712.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 119 
 
 avTO) 7] aWw virep eKeivov iyyv7]rd<; Karaarijaai rov 
 o(f>\r]/jLaTO'{^, ou? au 6 8?}/iO? '^ei,poTovi]ar}, 7) fxriv e/cret- 
 crecv TO dpyvpiov cd(f)'\.e. toi)? 8e irpoehpov<i eVt^^et- 
 poTovelv eTrdvayKe^, orav ti<; Kadiarcivai /SovXijrai. 
 40 Tco Se KaTaaT7]aavTi tov<; eyyvrjrd^;, idv diroSiSw rfj 
 
 ' 6(pei\rj/j.aTos Z cum 2r. 
 
 MS. npocrTifjL7]dei7] indicates a 
 consciousness on the jjart of 
 the transcriber that the sub- 
 junctive after et was unusual. 
 But G. H. Schaefer, while no- 
 ticing this construction as cro- 
 \oiKo<pavT]s, points out that the 
 indicative and subjunctive are 
 often thus joined in legal for- 
 mulas : and the subjunctive is 
 clearly right as a note of future 
 time. The phrase recurs §§ 72, 
 79, 93, cf. § 207 11. To express 
 ' if any person has been or shall 
 hereafter be condemned,' Attic 
 law did not think it necessary 
 to repeat ^di' after et: and 
 there are well-known instances 
 in the older writers, such as 
 Thucydides and Sophocles, of 
 tl with the subjunctive. See 
 Jelf, Sijnt. § 854. 1, Obs. 1, 
 Madv. Synt. § 125, Eem. 2, 
 Campbell's Sophocles, Essay § 
 27 p. 42. Madvig says ' in the 
 Attic poets (except in the choral 
 odes) or in prose (except in 
 the archaic phraseology of law) 
 there are no examples of this.' 
 That legal language tolerated 
 archaisms appears from the pre- 
 sent passage and Ik'Iow § 42 
 (apx^'" for apxe<r6ai) : but in his 
 otherasHertions Madvigseems to 
 overlook Soph. Oed. Col. 1443 el 
 eov ffTtprjOU), where no one i)ro- 
 poaes to read ^f, and Thucyd. 
 VI. 21 § 1 «; ^vtrrCoaiv (' the 
 only, but not doul)tful instance 
 in Thucyd.' Classen). -FoTwpoff- 
 
 Tifj.S.p as always implying an 'ad- 
 ditional ' penalty, above § 2 n. 
 
 eyyvriTas KaTaarfjcrai] The 
 usual phrase for ' to put in 
 bail ' from Herodotus (i. 19G) 
 downward. See below § 55. 
 
 6(p\r;/j.aT05] None but the Zu- 
 rich Editors have followed S 
 in reading 6(pei\^fj.aTos : the tech- 
 nical term otpX-rj/j-a, ' judgment 
 debt,' TO €K KaradiK-ns, is much 
 more suited to a legal docu- 
 ment, and so uxpXe following. 
 See on Androt. § 3i, below § 50. 
 
 The sureties were of course not 
 to be ' elected ' but to be ' ap- 
 proved ' by the people. Their 
 names would be submitted 
 (doubtless one by one) to a 
 Xii-poTovla for approval. 
 
 evix^LpoToveiv iwdvayKes^ ' the 
 Proedri shall be bound to put 
 the question to the vote.' In 
 the use of fVix- for the regular 
 term iiri\pri<pl^€iv Benseler finds 
 a note of spuriousness. The 
 same suspicion attaches to ^7rt- 
 Xii-poTovlav 5iS6vai § 50 : but in 
 § 84 eirixfi-poToi'ui' occurs in the 
 genuine words of Demosth. 
 
 § 40. T<i3 5e KarauT-qaavTi] 
 The construction of this dative 
 is the same as that of avr<^ 77 
 dXXv above : i.e. we must supply 
 not merely el-rre from the open- 
 ing words of the decree, but 
 flvai (in the sense of t'^eicai). 
 G. H. Schaefer, who thought 
 this too harsh, approves either
 
 120 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§40—42. 
 
 TToXei TO apyvpiov e0' co ' KariarTjae Tov<i iyyvrjrd'i, 
 ac^elcrdai twv heafxwv^. eav he firj Kara^aXr] ro 
 apryvptov i] avTd<; 17 ol eyjvTjral eVl T779 evaTT}'^ Trpv- 713 
 Tav€ia<i, Tov fxev i^eyyvrjOevra 8eBea6aL, rwv Se iyyvrj- 
 Twv orjfioaiav elvac ryv ovcriav. irepl he twv ayvov- 
 fMevQ)v ra reXr) Kat twv eyyvo)/u,evo)v Kal eKXeyovrav, 
 Kav Tcov ra fiio-Ocoa-L/jia /xicrOov/jievoyv koX raiv iyyvo)- 
 jxevwv^, Ta9 Trpafet? eivai rfj TroXei Kara Tov<i v6(J>ov<i 
 Tov<; Keifievovi. edv 8' iirl TT]<i evdrr]^ 7rpvTaveLa<; 
 
 " oh Bens, cum 2Fv. 
 
 " TOV 5e(Tfj.6v Bens, aim Tfir et pi: S. 
 
 y ruv iyyvoj/x^vwv oiii. Bens, cinti STOkrs. tuv om. Bl. 
 
 of Lambinus' conjecture tov de 
 KaracTTriaavTa, or of the reading 
 of some MSS. tov decr/uLov. If 
 the words occurred in the ' law' 
 only, we might suspect their 
 genuineness : but they recur 
 without alteration in the text 
 of Demosthenes, below § 86. 
 
 eni TTJs ivdrijs TrpvTaveias] The 
 explanation of this phrase al- 
 ready given (§15 ?i.)is confirmed 
 by the present passage. In the 
 last or tenth prytany of the 
 year all grace was at an end, 
 and the State proceeded to levy 
 execution. 
 
 Trepi de tQv wvov/x^vuvI The 
 statement here is in accordance 
 with the words of Demosth. him- 
 self in the next section. To have 
 touched the stringent enact- 
 ments whereby punctual pay- 
 ment of the ordinary revenues 
 was secured, would have alarm- 
 ed the people : and so the law 
 of Timocrates, which was vir- 
 tually (though not avowedly) a 
 privilegium for the benefit of 
 Androtion and his friends, takes 
 care specially to except those 
 revenues from its operation. 
 Three classes of persons are 
 
 here mentioned in connexion 
 with the regular taxes : the re- 
 XQvaL ; the (KXoyels, collectors 
 not merely of unfarmed re- 
 venues such as the tribute (<p6- 
 pos) of the allies, but of the 
 farmed taxes under the reXw- 
 vai ; and the lessees of the leas- 
 able revenues, i.e. public lands 
 and especially mines. Each of 
 these classes of persons was 
 required to find sureties : and 
 Dobree certainly improves the 
 passage by striking out eyyvw- 
 fi^vuv Kal before eKXeydvTwv, and 
 referring Kal tQv eyyvw/j.iviiiv 
 onoe for all to the three classes : 
 comp. below § 59. On the Athe- 
 nian system of raising taxes in 
 general, see Boeckh, P. E. book 
 iii. ch. 8 : on the iK\oye7s, note 
 on Androt. § 48. 
 
 Tcts Trpd^eis dvaL] For npa^Ls 
 = 6i'cr7rpa|is, Androt. §46 ?L The 
 plural occurs only here : it is 
 natural enough in an enume- 
 ration of different branches of 
 revenue and the processes by 
 which they were to be recovered. 
 
 edv 5' ivl ttjs evdTtjs] This is 
 altogether incredible, as was 
 seen by Dobree who accei:)ted
 
 p. 713.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 121 
 
 0(fi\T), Tov iiarepov ivcavrou iirl t?}? eVar?;? rj SeKarrjii 
 Trpvraveia^ iKTLveiv.] 
 
 41 ^AKTjKoare^ fxev tov v6/j,ov, /jLvij/xovevere 8' i^ avrov 
 fiot, irparov /j,ev to koI eX tlvl tcov 6(f)ei,\6vT(ov Secrfiov 
 
 7rp0(7T€Tl/n]TaL i] TO XOLTTOV 7rpOaTlfMT]6r], eTTeid' OTl 
 
 ttXtjv irepl tu>v TeXcovdov koI twv fiiaOoufMevcov, koI 
 oaoi TavTa iyyvciovTat, ')(^prjadai KeXevei tm vofiw. 
 6\o<i p.ev ydp^ eaTiv uTracnv ivavTi.o<; toU overt, 
 fjbdXiaTa 8e TavTO^' yvcocreade Se [toi)? z^o/iou?] aKov- 
 ovTe<; avT0v<i. Xeye^. 
 
 NOMOX. 
 
 42 [Ato/cX^9 etTre toi)9 vofjuov^ toj)? tt/jo Eu/cXet'Sou 
 
 ' rjKotKTare Bl. * /xec yap om. Z Bens, cum jn: 2. 
 
 ** TovT(j) cum Z Bens. Dind. 2. 
 
 " yvwffeffde 5' aKo^ovres. Xeye roi'S vo/jlovs avrois, Xeye Bekk. 
 
 the rest of the law as genuine. 
 The compiler seems to have 
 thought it hard that those a- 
 gainst whom judgment was given 
 at the end of the financial year 
 should not have the same grace 
 as other people. But so long a 
 delay is ' not to be thought of ' 
 (Benseler): and the expression 
 ivaTTfi rj SeKarrji is too vague for 
 the language of a law. See also 
 below §9Hh. [Blass transposes 
 Tj SeKarrji after the first eVdrTjs: 
 this does not solve the diffi- 
 culty.] 
 
 § 41. fjLin)fjioviviTe 0' i^ avrov 
 fioi] ' Pray remark these parts 
 of it — first, the words " if any " 
 Ac' K. Two objections to the 
 law of Timocrutes are liere 
 singled out to be enlarged upon 
 in succeeding sections; (1) its 
 retrospective action ; (2) its par- 
 tiality towards purticularclasses 
 of state debtors. 
 
 TrpoaTifMij6-g] g 30 n. The sub- 
 
 junctive is here without varia- 
 tion in the MSS. 
 
 §§ 42 — 44. First objection. 
 The existing law is recited, 
 which provides that iieic latcs 
 ghall come into force from the 
 day on which they are passed, 
 unless a date is expressly vien- 
 tioned for their operation to 
 commence. In the latter case, 
 the beyinninii of the next year 
 is commonly prescribed. Retro- 
 spective action is unheard of. 
 Timocrates should have repealed 
 this law before proposiny his 
 oicn ; as it is, he has thrown 
 everythiny into confusion. 
 
 § 42. Trp6 EvKXeioov] In the 
 archonship of Eucleides, }i. c. 
 403, the first year of the re- 
 stored democracy, a revision of 
 the laws was decreed on the 
 motion of Tisamenus, whose 
 psephisma is quoted at length 
 in Andoc. de Myst. Si5 H3, Hi. 
 A small body of special Nomo-
 
 122 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§42,43. 
 
 Te9evra<; iv BTj/noKpaTia, Koi oaot enr Eu«A,et8oLr 
 eTeOriaav Kol elcrlv dvajeypafxfiivot, Kvpiovi elvai. 
 Tov'i 8e fX€T ^VKXeiBrjv Te6evTa<i koI to \017rdv ride- 
 fjLevov; Kvpi,ov<i ecvat airo rrj<; rjp.epa'i ^<? €KacrTO<i 
 iredr], ifkrjv el tu> irpoa'yeypa'JTTaL ')(^p6vo^ ovTiva Set 
 
 thetae appointed by the Senate 
 and called also dva.ypa(peis (per- 
 haps to distinguish them from 
 the ordinary Nomothetae, Jebb, 
 Att. Or. i. 224 n.) wei'e directed 
 to report within one month to 
 the Senate and the larger body 
 of the Nomothetae. (The read- 
 ing of this passage of Ando- 
 cides, bearing upon the number 
 of the Nomothetae, has already 
 been discussed § 27 n.) The 
 work of the revising commission 
 included the restoration of the 
 old laws, among which those 
 of Draco (deafj.ol) and Solon {uo- 
 noi) are specially mentioned, as 
 well as the new legislation of 
 the year (here called (ew' Ev- 
 KXeioov). It has also been sug- 
 gested that they had to rewrite 
 {dvaypd(peLv) the laws in the new 
 alphabet, which dates from this 
 year. The delays of some of 
 these dvaypafpeh in failing to 
 report form the subject of the 
 curious speech of Lysias against 
 Nicomachus, who was the prin- 
 cipal delinquent. We need not 
 be surprised at any inconsis- 
 tencies between the real decree 
 of Tisamenus and the pretended 
 law of Diodes, nor attempt to 
 reconcile them. 
 
 iv drifioKpaTia] Because the 
 acts of the Thirty, as well as 
 those of the Four Hundred in 
 411, were expressly excluded : 
 cf. below § 56. There had been 
 a similar commission in 410, of 
 which Nicomachus had also 
 been a member, in order to 
 
 purify the laws from the oli- 
 garchic taint. 
 
 dvayeypafxfxivoi] Andoc. I. C. 
 mentions two such processes : the 
 temporary, dvaypd(povTes if cra- 
 
 vi(TLV eKTldivTUlV TTpOS TOUS fTTW- 
 
 vv/xovs aKoiretv ti^ ^ovXcfxivu : 
 the permanent, err' dvaypdfai 
 if TTj a TOO. TovTOV% tCiv vop-uv ot 
 av SoKLixaadOicnv (§ 82). The 
 latter is of course here intended. 
 
 ttXtji' el Tiji TrpoayiypaTTTai.] 
 ' except when a law has a clause 
 added.' Cf. Androt. § 71. 
 
 ovTLva. Set apx^"'] The mean- 
 ing of this is undoubted, ' to fix 
 the period from which it is to 
 come into operation ; ' but the 
 construction is explained in two 
 very different ways. (1) Taylor^ 
 G. H. Schaefer, Kennedy and 
 Whiston supply dpxovra with 
 '6vTiua, 'who is tobe thearchon,' 
 dpxeiv = apxovTa eluai. But the 
 phrase ' in whose archonship ' 
 would only be natural if there 
 were a possibility of two or more 
 years intervening between the 
 passing of the law and its taking 
 effect; and tbis of course is not 
 to be thought of. And, though 
 2)ast time was naturally dated 
 by archonshijjs, it would be ab- 
 surd to say ' in whose archon- 
 ship ' if ' next year ' were meant : 
 the election of an archon might 
 still be unsettled only two days 
 before his year of office began, 
 as we see in the case of Evan- 
 dros (cf. Jebb Att. Or. i. 242, 
 below § 138 n.). (2) Jurinus, 
 Dobree, Dindorf and Benseler
 
 p. / 
 
 14.] 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 123 
 
 ap^eLv. iTnypdyjrai Se rot? fj,€v vvv Kei/jLevoL<i top 
 ypa/xfiarea tt}? /3ovXi]<; TpiaKovra rjfxepdov to Se 
 XoLirov, 09 av Tvyx^^V Ypct/xyLtarei/wt', 7rpocrypa(f>eTa> 
 'rrapa')(^prjp.a rov vofiov Kvpiov elvai diro t?)? rjfM6pa<; 
 ^9 eTedj].] 
 43 KaX&)9 e')^6vT0}v rwv vofiwv, (a avhpe^ BcKaaraL, 7 14 
 Twv v7rap')(ovTaiv, oSe o vvv dvayvcoadel^ vofio^ qxt- 
 Trepel Sicoptae koX ^e/Sacoripovi eiroiT^aev avrov<i. 
 KekeveL yap eKaarov dcf)" ^9 yfiepa^; ireOrj Kvpcov elvai., 
 TrXyv et r(p ')(^p6vo^ irpoayeypaTnai, tovtw Be top ye- 
 ypa/jLfj.evov app^eti/. 8id n ; on 7roWol<i rwv vofxtov 
 irpoaeyeypairTO " rov Be vofiov elvat, Kvpcov rovS" diro 
 rov fxerd rov vvv dpj^ovra." varepov Be ypd(f)0}v 
 ridel^ irrl rovroi<i rovBe rov vofiov, rov aveyvcoa/xevov, 
 OVK ivofjLi^e BUaiov elvat rov^ avrovf rwv vofMWv 
 
 suj^ply xpii'ov: to be explained 
 as by Prof. Butcher (Class. Ilev. 
 i. 21'J) as ovTiva xpovof del apxn-v 
 (tov Kvpiov elvaL tov vd/xov), lit. 
 ' what time is to mark the be- 
 ginuing (of the law coming into 
 force),' i.e. from what time the 
 operation of the law is to date. 
 So in the next §, toi;t(jj 5e tov 
 yeypanpL^vov apx^"'- •f'or this 
 sense of apxem, to ' mark a be- 
 ginning,' not to 'begin, 'compare 
 Thucyd. iv. IIB § 12 tt)v eKexfi- 
 piav (Ivai iviavrdv, apx^'" ^^ Trjvde 
 Tr)v rjfjLtpav, i.e. ' this day marks 
 the beginning of the armistice ' : 
 ib. V. ly init.'Apxs' 5^ tQv (xttov- 
 5Civ Itpopo^ lI\«i(7T6Xas, i.e. 'his 
 ephoralty marks the beginning 
 of the truce,' the day being 
 added. 
 
 iiriypi-'pai. oi] ' and the secre- 
 tary of the senate sliall affix his 
 mark to the laws which are now 
 established within tliirty days,' 
 iiri'(ptli\pai is thus distinguished 
 from dfa- and irpoi-. 
 
 TOV ypafj.ij,aT€a ttjs BovXtjs] Lex 
 ap. de Cor. p. 238 § 38, Diet. 
 Antiq.s.v. Grammateus.— rpid- 
 Kovra i]fj.epQv, Androt. § 14 n. 
 
 § 43. vaTfpov 5^ ypd<pu}v] 
 Diodes, who framed after these 
 laws (cTTt TovTois referring to the 
 laws just described as post-dated 
 to the next year, TroX\oh...Trpo(T- 
 eyiypaiTTo) that which has just 
 been read, in this his later en- 
 actment [vaTepov ypdcpwv) did not 
 think it right that any subse- 
 quent legislation of a retroactive 
 character should be introduced 
 (i.e. inserted a clause prohibit- 
 ing it). v(TT(pov need not imply 
 (as I formerly thought) that Dio- 
 des was the author of more than 
 one law. 
 
 Toiii avTovi Twv v6/jio}v] ' that 
 statutes which themselves con- 
 tained a postponing clause {dva- 
 yeypafifjiivovi DcTepov 17 iTlOr^trav 
 Kvpiois (Ivai) should be carried 
 back to the day of their enact- 
 ment, and made to come into
 
 124 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§43—45. 
 
 avayeypa/jL/xevov^ varepov rj eTedrjcrav Kupiov<i elvat, 
 avevejKelv eirl rrjv '^/mepav, dcf)' ?)? iredrjaav, Koi 
 irporepov TTourjaai Kvplov; t] 6 del^; eKaarov rj^ioiaev. 
 44 Tovru) fievToc rw vo/xm cTKe-^acrO^ &)<? ivavrlo^ icrrlv 
 bv ovTO<i redsLKev. 6 fiev ye KeXevei rov yey pa/M/xevov 
 Xpovov 7} Trjv ijfiepav ac^' ^9 av redy Kvplav elvar 6 
 8' eypa-yjrev "' KaV^ et rtvt Trpoa-TeTifMrjrac" irepl roov 
 rrapeXrfkvOoTOiv Xeywv. Kal ovhe rovO' wpiaev, 
 apy^ovTa TTpoaypdyjra^ d(f ov, dWd TrerroirjKev ou 
 fxovov irpo Tr]<; i]fMipa<i ev fj redetKe Kvpiov rov vojjlov, 
 aXKa Kat irpo rov yeveaOat tlvcl rjixoov dopiarov yap 
 airavra rov irapekiffKvOoTa 7rpoa7repieL\r]cf)e ')(^p6vov. 
 KaiTOL XPV^ ^^1 ^ '^iP'OKpaTe'i, i) tovtov [iri ypnc^etv rj 
 eKelvQV Xvetv, ov-)(, Iv o /SovXet av yevr^rai, irdvTa ra 
 Trpay/xara auvrapd^at. Xey dXXov vofMov. 
 
 '' Kal oiii. Z cum 2. 
 
 force before their respective au- 
 thors desired.' K. avayeypan- 
 fxivoL is not here, as in the last 
 section, ' inscribed ' on boards 
 or columns, but 'bearing an 
 inscription.' There is slight 
 MS. authority for yeypa/x/jL^vovs, 
 which Dobree and Schaefer pre- 
 ferred. 
 
 § 44. The law expressly for- 
 bade the date, at which any en- 
 actment came into force, to be 
 moved back even for a definite 
 period; much more for an in- 
 definite one ; as it is by the 
 words ' if any person has been 
 condemned.' The reasoning 
 here is rather absurdly sophisti- 
 cal : the notions of an amnesty, 
 or of a mitigation of statutory 
 penalties, were sufficiently fami- 
 liar to the Athenians. Yet it is 
 repeated § 74, where see note. 
 
 Kvpiav] Eeferring to ij/jL^pav. 
 As the laws are KijpioL, in force. 
 
 so the date of their coming into 
 force is Kvpia, fixed by lawful 
 authority. The phrase Kvpi-r] 
 V/jiepri for ' an appointed day ' is 
 common in Herodotus : so Kvpla 
 iKK\7]<x'i.a, the regular or fixed 
 assembly, opp. avyKXrjTos- 
 
 kv fi rkdeiKe] The Greek has 
 here a distinction which is 
 missed in English. In the 
 phrases d(p' rjs eredrjaav, dcp' rjs 
 dv redrj above, the law itself was 
 said to take effect ' on and after' 
 (otto) a given day. Here the 
 legislator is the subject of the 
 verb, who can only be said to 
 carry the law ' on ' (iv) such a 
 day. 
 
 7rpo(nr€pi.d\rj(pe'\ 'has further 
 included.' Below, §§ 83, 209. 
 Among classical authors it would 
 seem that the word occurs only 
 in this speech, 
 
 §§ 45 — 55. Second objection 
 (see § 41) to the law of Timo-
 
 p. 715.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 12^ 
 
 N0M02. 
 
 45 [M7;Se Trepl twv drifiwv, oirwq y^pi) eTrtTi/xof? av- 
 rov<i eivai, yu,7;Se irepl rwv oc^eiXovroiv Tol<i Oeoi^ rj tw J^S 
 SrjfMOCTLa) Tw^ WdrjvaLcov vrepl a(f)ea€co<; rov 0(^\r}fiaT0<; 
 rj Td^€a><;, idv fiy yfrr](f)Laa/jLevo)v Wdrjvaucov Tt]v dSeiav 
 
 '■ Tuv Z Bens, cum 2;Trsv. 
 
 crates : its partiality towards 
 particular classes of state debt- 
 ors. By Athenian law, no re- 
 mission or extension of time 
 can be gi'anted to such persons, 
 except under the most stringent 
 conditions : and these Timo- 
 crates has systematically vio- 
 lated. Three distinct laws (or 
 perhaps consecutive portions of 
 the same law, see §§ 49 extr. 53 
 extr. ) are recited and commented 
 on. The first (§ 45) provides 
 that no proposal to restore an 
 atimos, or release apublic debtor 
 or admit him to composition rvith 
 the state, shall be brought in at 
 all unless permission has first 
 been granted by not less than 
 6000 Athenians, voting by ballot. 
 Not only icas tliis decree of 
 Timocrates introduced without 
 leave, butit ivas 'rushed through^ 
 in indecent and illegal haste, at 
 a time and in a place most fa- 
 vourable to clandestine legisla- 
 tion. By the second recited 
 enactment (g 50) even the right 
 of petition is denied to state 
 debtors or their friends on their 
 behalf. Tliis regulation (the 
 orator explains) is rendered ne- 
 cessary by the too indulgent tem- 
 per of the Athenian people: they 
 are obliged, as a matter of prin- 
 ciple, to deny themselves the 
 luxury of listening to <ippeals to 
 their feelings. Hut these men, 
 driven to insolence by their fears, 
 and at their wits' end, have not 
 
 even the grace to petition : they 
 presume to dictate: they take 
 away from the State all the dis- 
 cretionary poicer which it noic 
 possesses of enforcing its claims. 
 Lastly (§ 54) the existing laic 
 forbids appeals or new trials, in 
 all cases where there has been a 
 judgment in a suit, an account 
 once audited, or a question of 
 ownersliip decided, and that 
 either by the verdict of a jury 
 or privately by arbitration. Ti- 
 mocrates is so elaborately and 
 amusingly illegal all round that 
 Ills law reads like a de2)ositiott 
 draxcn by himself to prove his 
 own quilt. 
 
 § 45. XOMOS. This 'law' 
 is entirely compiled from the 
 next section, with a few explan- 
 atoi-y additions. The latter will 
 here be chiefly noticed: tiie ex- 
 pressions which come from De- 
 mosth. himself will be discussed 
 in their proper place. 
 
 Mrj5^ Trepl tuiv drifj-uv] ' Nor 
 concerning the disfranchised 
 shall it be lawful to put the 
 question for restoration of their 
 franchise.' The words ottws 
 XPV iiriri/xovi avrovs etvai are 
 added, correctly as regards the 
 sense, by the compiler. For 
 the legislative infinitive comp. 
 § 20 n. : for xP'/MHT/ffif 5; 21 ti. 
 
 rots Oeois fj tu 8ri/j.oaiii.'] De- 
 mosth. says simply tw;/ 6tpfL\6v- 
 Tiov. The distinction is an im- 
 portant one, as we learn from
 
 126 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§45—48. 
 
 TrpooTop [xi) eXaTTOv e^aKta^iXlcov, ot9 civ ^^^V xpv- 
 /3St)v yfrT](f)i^o/jLevoc<;. Tore 8' i^eivat ^^pT^/iaTt^eiy KaO' 
 6 Tt av rj} jSovXfi koI tw hrjfxw So/c^.] 
 
 46 'AXX,o9 ovro<i 1/0//.09, ovK edi)v irepl rwv aTCfxcou 
 ovBe TOiv o(f)ei\6vru)v Xeyecv ovSe •^^^prjixari^etv irepX 
 a^ecreeo? t<2v 6(f)\7]/jidTcov ovSe ra^ew^, av [jlt) Trj<; 
 dBeia<i Bo9eia7]<;, koX ravTri<i //.?) eXarrov 7) e^aKicr- 
 'X^iXicov -^Tjcfiiaa/jievcov. ovro<; S' eypayjrev dvriKpv<i, 
 Kal e'i TLVL rw>v o^eiXovTOiv Seafiou 7rpoaTeTi/xr]Tac, 
 elvai rrjv CKpeatv Tropiaa/xevcp Tov<i iyyvrjao/juevov^i, ov 
 7rpoTedevTO<i ov8€vd<i irepl rovrcov, odhe hoOelcTT]^ 
 
 47 dSeia<i Xeyetv. Kal 6 pukv v6fio<;, ov8' eireihav rrjv 
 dheiav evprjTai ri<i, eScoKev o)? av /SovXTjrac Trpdrretv, 
 dXX^ ft)? av TTj ^ovXfi Kal tm SijfKp SokjJ' tco 8' ouk 
 aTre-x^prjcre tout dSoKelv fiovov, el /jLT) hoOelar}^ ri)'; 
 
 § 111 : the forfeiture being two- 
 fold for debts due to the trea- 
 sury, tenfold to the gods. 
 
 vots] A genviine legal formula 
 is here added : the phrase occurs 
 in the speech against Neaera 
 p. 1375 § 89; of. Andoc. de 
 Myst. § 37. On the ballot as 
 essential to privilegia, or laws 
 aifecting individuals, §§ 18 7i., 
 59 n. 
 
 Kad' Ti av . . .SoKT)] Equivalent 
 to ws S.V in § 47: for a similar 
 use of Kad' 6 ri see §§ 21, 25. 
 
 § 46. Td|ews] ' composition ' 
 K., ' part XDayment ' of the debt: 
 iua fx^pos fi^v Kara^dXyj, to Se 
 dWo crvyxi^pv^V {^^ excused), 
 Schol. This sense of Td|is does 
 not seem to occur elsewhere : in 
 Plato, Laws 844 b, which has 
 been quoted as parallel, the 
 meaning is rather ' a fixed quan- 
 tity' of water where the supply 
 is limited. 
 
 T-qs doeias dodeicrrjs] From the 
 
 sense of fearlessness or impu- 
 nity comes that of permission, 
 especially in the form of a bill 
 of indemnity granted beforehand 
 to enable a person to exercise a 
 privilege not belonging to his 
 status. Atiraoi, resident aliens, 
 and slaves, all in short who did 
 not enjoy full citizenship, were 
 the classes of persons for whom 
 this prehminary vote was re- 
 quired. See Diet. Antiq. s.v. 
 Adeia. In Androt. § 25 and 
 above § 31 a.5ei.a is used in an 
 ordinary, not a legal sense. 
 
 ov wpoTeO^vTos ovdevos] 'With- 
 out having made any previous 
 proposal;' not simply ' any pro- 
 posal.' The double process, 
 first obtaining permission and 
 then making the substantive 
 motion, was of the essence of 
 Athenian procedure in these 
 cases, i.e. whenever the State 
 was asked to forego any of its 
 rights against individuals. 
 
 § 47. ei fj.r] . . .\eyei] fXT) of
 
 p. 715.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 127 
 
 aSeia9 Xeyei Koi v6/mov elcr<^epei rrepl tovtcov, aXXd 
 Kal Trpoaer ovk et? rrjv /3ov\i]v, ovk ei? tov Brj/xov 
 eiiroiv irepl tovtcov ovSev, iv irapafSvaTW, t?}? ^ov\ri<i 
 fiev d(f)€ifMev7]<;, twv K dWcov Sid Trjv koprrjv iepo/xrj- 
 48 viav ayovTcov, \ddpa vo/jlov elarjveyKev. Kairoi XPV^ 
 a , Q) Tifji,6KpaTe<i, elSoTa tov vojxov rovhe ov dveyvcou, 
 et Tc SUatov 7]/3ov\ov irparreLV, irpuirov fiev irpocr- 
 oSov ypa\p-acr6aL irpb^ rrjv ^ovK-qv, elra rw Btj/xco 
 oid\€)(^6i]vai, KaO'^ ovT(o<i, el irdaiv 'A6r]vaioi<; eBoKei, 
 
 f /c$^' Z Bekk. Bens. Bl. cum S. Vulgo Kal rod'. 
 
 course goes with dodeiaris, not 
 with fl: 'that he makes a mo- 
 tion without leave.' On ei = 6rt, 
 §32 7i. 
 
 fit Tr\v ^ov\7]v...eh tov bfiixov] 
 Not a mere substitute for ev ry 
 ^ov\rj, &c. but as Jelf, Sijnt. 
 § 62-5, ' in the sense of coram, 
 but with the notion of direction 
 towards the object, as if it were 
 reached or arrived at. ' His ex- 
 amples are the present passage 
 and Plat. Menex. 239 a, oi ira- 
 riptt ..TToWa. Kal Ka\a.a,ire(f>rivav- 
 To eis Trdvrat avOpwirovi. 
 
 iv irapafiv(jru)] The Hapd^v- 
 arov is known as one of the 
 obscurer law-courts, so named 
 as being ' stuffed away ' in a re- 
 mote part of the city {iv d(pavet 
 T^s ir6Xews, Pausau. i. 28. 8). 
 According to Pollux (viii. 8. 
 121) the Eleven presided in it, 
 and there was one court called 
 the p.iaov Wapa^varov and ano- 
 ther the fjLfii^ov llapd^vcTTov ; but 
 Schoemann in his latest work 
 {Antifj. p. 47')) reckons the Met- 
 ^ov and tLe TiUaov as proper 
 names of courts distinct from 
 the llapdjivaTov. Here the 
 phrase is usually explained, 
 after the Scholiast, &s — \ddpg^, 
 ' in a hole and comer ' as we 
 
 say. Benseler, however, thinks 
 it not improbable that, as it was 
 a holiday and secrecj- was de- 
 sired, the Nomothetae may 
 really have met on this occasion 
 in the Ilapd(3vaTov. And XdOpq, 
 is expressed below : which, 
 though Dobree wanted to cut it 
 out as a gloss on iv napaPvffTtp, 
 is in all the MSS. and seems 
 necessary for the rounding off 
 of the sentence. 
 
 d<pH/jLivrii] § 26 n. — lepofj.riviav'] 
 § 29 n. 
 
 § 48. dviyvcov] Of course 
 through the ypafj./j.aTeijs or clerk : 
 cf. § 12 n. 
 
 TrpSaoOov ypd\l/a(Tdai] ' to peti- 
 tion the council for an audience' 
 K., or better ' to have obtained 
 a written permission to appear ' 
 E. W. A rare sense of both 
 words, at least in the Orators. 
 The illustrations quoted are 
 Isocr. Areop. § 1(5 ttji/ irpbaodov 
 dTreypa\{/dp.Tjv and the last sec- 
 tion of the same speech rriv re 
 irpbaobov iTroiria'd/j.T]v Kal tovs \6- 
 yovs flprjKa Tovrovs. In these 
 instances the middle is causal 
 and means ' to procure a writ- 
 ten answer ' (of course in reply 
 to a written apphcation, but 
 that is not expressed).
 
 128 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§48—51. 
 
 <ypd(f)eLV Kal vo^ioOerelv Trepl tovtoov, Kal Tore toi)? 
 y^povovq ava/jbeivavTa tov^ e'/c twv vo/xcov, Xva tovtov JlS 
 Tov TpoTTOv irpaTTwv, el Kai Ti<i eTrex^ipei SeoKvveiv 
 ovK eirnriheLov ovra rfj iroXei, tov vofjuov, jxr] ovv iiri- 
 /3ov\evecv 7 eSo/cet?, a\Xa yvco/xr) hiafxaproov airo- 
 
 49 Tv^elv. vvv he tco Xddpa Kal ra'^^v Kal irapd tov<; 
 v6fiov<i ifx^aXelv tov vo^ov et? tov^ vofiov^ Kal ixrj 
 uelvat irdaav aiprjpTjcrai, aavTov ttjv avyyvooix'qv' TOL<i 
 lydp ctKovcrcv djxapTovcn fi,eTecrTi auyyvdofjur]'?, ov T049 
 eTTi^ovXevaacnv, av vvv ecXij-^jrai, Trotdov. dXXd yap 
 avTtK epu) irepl tovtcov. vvv S' dvayiyvcoaKe tov 
 e^rj^ vofiov. 
 
 NOMOS. 
 
 50 ['Eaf Se Ti? iKeTevT) iv Trj /SovXr} rj iv tS hrjixw 
 irepl (hv 8i,KaaT7]piov r) rj ^ovXr) rj 6 Sy]fjio<; KaTeyvco, 
 
 Toi'S xpoj'oiis dvafj.eivai'Ta] At 
 least 19 days, from the tirst as- 
 sembly of the month till the 
 third : §§ 21 n., 26 n. 
 
 'iva...eo6Keis'] Androt. §§ 21 n., 
 28. 
 
 detKvveLv] Androt. § 34 n. 
 Above, § 35. 
 
 /xi] 0L'i'...7e] ovv followed by 
 76 is nearly = the compound 
 yovv. The same may be said 
 of the combination dXX' ovi> in 
 certain cases where dXXd ap- 
 pears to be redundant, as in 
 Aeschin. Ctes. § 86 rovs /j.eu wpw- 
 Tovs XPO""^^ dXX' oiv wpoffeTroi- 
 ovvd' vfXLV ehai (piXoi ; ' during 
 the first i^eriod, at any rate, 
 they pretended to be your 
 friends. ' 
 
 § 49. Tif . . .eiJ.^a\eLv.. .Kal fjLrj 
 deivai] 'by foisting your law 
 into the statute-book, instead 
 of passing it ' in the regular 
 way. Or, as K. : 'I will not say 
 passing, but foisting &c.' 
 
 eL\7]\pai] This unusual word 
 occurs also in Deinarch. c. De- 
 mosth. § 103. 
 
 TOV e^rjs vd/jLov] The Scholiast 
 remarks, rightly it would seem, 
 that the law in the next section 
 is (he should have said, purports 
 to be) a continuation of that in 
 § 45. Cf. § 53 TOV /j.€Ta tovtov 
 
 § 50. X0M02;. So far as it 
 is compiled from genuine mate- 
 rials, this ' law' is an important 
 authority for our knowledge of 
 the process called Endeixis. 
 So jealous was the Athenian 
 people of any ' contempt ' (in 
 the legal sense) of its sovereign 
 decrees, that it was made an 
 offence even to petition for re- 
 lief from a fine or a judgment- 
 debt. Till it was discharged 
 the debtor laboured under an at 
 least partial disqualification : 
 and any attempt to exercise 
 political rights or hold office
 
 p. 716] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 129 
 
 eav ixev avTo<; o oipXcov iKerevrj irplv eKJelcraL, evBei^iv 
 eivai avTov, KaOciTrep edv tl<s 6(f)el\(ov tw h-qixoaricd 
 T^Xia^rjTar edv S" aXXo^ virep tov oxpXrjKorO'i iKeTevr] 
 irpiv eKTelcrat, Br/fioaia ecrrco aurov 7] ovaia diraaa. 
 iav 06 Tt? Tojv TrpoeSpciyu 8a) tcvI t^v e'm')(^eipoTovLav, 
 r) avTM T(p (o(f>X7)KOTL r) dXXo) virep eKeivov, irplv 
 €KT€Lcrai, drifio<; eaTco.] 
 5 1 "EcTTt /lev epyov, (o dvhpe<^ ScKacrTat, el irepl" irdv- 
 roiv roiv vop,U)v, ol<i ovto^ evavriov el(Tevr]vo')(^ev, epov- 
 
 8 etirep wepl Bekk. lllud ZTfir. 
 
 laid him open to this prosecu- 
 tion. If he wished to prove 
 that the sentence ought to be 
 re%'ersed, or tliat money was due 
 to him from the state, he had 
 first to gain a locus xtaiidi for 
 his petition by a Hteral com- 
 phance with the decree of the 
 dicastery, senate, or assembly 
 as the case might be (Troielv rd 
 OLKaia criyri, below § 52). 
 
 6 6<p\wv] For the distinction 
 between 6<p\wv&nd d<pei\o)v comp. 
 Androt. § 34 ?i. , above § 39 7i. 
 Reiske not knowing this wished 
 here to read o^etXajf against all 
 MSS. : for which he is corrected 
 by G. H. Scliaefer. The latter 
 refers to two passages in the 
 speech against Theocrines: p. 
 1328 § 21 rbv vd/JLOv rbv (xtt' eKei- 
 J'jjs KfXevovTa t% -rifj-ipa^ 6<pd\eLV, 
 dip' )5s av 6(p\Ti, and nearly the 
 same words p. 13.37 § 49. We 
 see from tliese the summary 
 character of Athenian legisla- 
 tion : no period of grace in which 
 to find the money, at least after 
 judgment had been given, but 
 immediate loss of civic rights 
 until it was paid. 
 
 ijXidi'riTai] = OiKa^ri, as r]\iaia 
 is often synonymous with oi/ca- 
 ar-qpiov. The word is quoted 
 
 W. I). 
 
 from Lysias by Harpocration, 
 and occurs several times in 
 Aristophanes. On the spirit of 
 this enactment, and the case of 
 a poor man capitally punished 
 for earning a few obols as a 
 dicast, see the note on Androt. 
 § 48^. 
 
 5<j...T7;i' ewiXii-poTovlavl— eiri- 
 Xei-poTOfeTv § 39. This sense of 
 the word betrays the gram- 
 marian : ' to put the question ' 
 is properly iwifrjcpii^eiv (Androt. 
 § 9; below, § 54). The subst. 
 eTrL\pr)<pi(ns is not found in clas- 
 sical writers. The Attic usage 
 of (TTixfipoTouia (§ 20 tf.) is 
 limited to the phrases eTrix. 
 Twv v6pLwu and emx. rSiv apx^v. 
 
 dTifj.os icrruj] It was only in 
 this case that the Proedri were 
 made responsible for the ques- 
 tions they put to the vote: in 
 other cases the remedy was a 
 ypa<p-q Trapafd/xwi/ against the 
 proposer of the law, Androt. 
 § 9 n. 
 
 § 51. "Eo-Tt fiiv Ipyov] 'It 
 would be a job:' 'I should have 
 enough to do:' 'Es ist cine 
 schwere Ausgabe,' Benseler: 
 rather than as K. ' it would be 
 tedious.' 
 
 9
 
 130 
 
 RATA TIMOKPATOTS. [% 51— 54. 
 
 /X€V' a^LOv h\ el Trepc rov koX aXkov, Kal irepl rovBe 
 bv vvv aveyi'O) oieXdelv. 6 jdp rov vojjlov tovtov, a> 
 avBp€<; 'Adrjvalot, OeU fjSeL t>]v (pcXavOpcDiriav Kal 
 T);v TrpaorrjTa rr)u ufxerepav, Kal 8ia TavTrjv icopa 
 Trept TToWaiv vfid^ eKovra^ 'ijSr] [TTore] /u,6yd\a ^rj/u,io}- 
 
 52 6evTa<i. ^ov\6/jLevo<; Srj ^rjhefiiav 7rp6(f)aaiv rov to. 
 Koiva KUKco^ ^X^^^ VTToXnrelv, 701/9 ixerd twv vojJiwv']\J 
 Kptaei /cat hiKacrrripLU) ^rj hiKaca iroLelv eyvwa fJbevov<i 
 ouK (aero helv ttj^ evrjdeia^ rf]'? vfj,eTepa<i aTToXaveLv, 
 
 TO oeladaL Kal /jLerd (TUfi(popd<i tKereveiv eyovTa<; 
 acfiopfirjv, dW' oXft)? direlTre fxijr avTW fir/r dWcp 
 fir}8evl ix-qd' Uereveiv fi7]re Xeyecv virep rwv tolovtcov, 
 
 53 aWa TTocelv rd hiKaia (Tiyfj, el tolvvv ti<; epoiO' 
 vfid<i TTorepoci ^dWov dv eiKorw^ •Trou]aaL0' otlovv, 
 
 TTfpl Tro\\u>v...TJdri ttot^I ' da- 
 durcii sclion in so mancheo Fal- 
 len ' Benseler : ' that by reason 
 of it you had on so many oc- 
 casions before then submitted to 
 serious loss' K. This usage of 
 Trepi is rather uncommon: a 
 tolerably near parallel is Plat. 
 Gorg. 467 d "AXXo ti ovv ovtu 
 Kal wepi TrdvTwv ; ' is it not so 
 in all cases?' quod attinet ad 
 omnia, Heindorf. 
 
 § 52. TOV TO. KOlVa KUKiCS 
 
 ^Xf'"] ' for the jjublic interest 
 suffering:' i.e. the finances, 
 which alone are the subject of 
 the laws discussed in §§ 45 — 55. 
 
 Tous yiterd ruiv vofiuv ...eyvw- 
 cfxivovs] ' who in accordance with 
 law, after a regular trial and 
 by the sentence of a court, have 
 been convicted of misconduct.' 
 We might also translate Kplau 
 Kal oiKaarrjpiuj as a hendiadys, 
 'by the verdict of a jury.' 
 
 fvrjffeiai] 'good-nature,' is the 
 (pLXavdpwTria and Trpaorrjs of the 
 last section regarded from a con- 
 
 temptuous point of view, An- 
 drot. § 78. Ascribed to Athe- 
 nian juries, i. Aristog. p. 773 
 § 12 aTTo T^s avvrjdovs evrjdeias 
 ela(\r)\vd6T€i Kadebilade, 'if you 
 come into court and take your 
 seats in your usual easy temper:' 
 joined to dnoKaveiv, Aeschin. 
 Timarch. § 56, diroKekavKw, wj 
 X^yerai, rrjs eKeivov evrjdeias, 
 'having made a profit out of 
 it.' 
 
 TTOLuv TO, Strata] 'to comply 
 with the law,' on pain of being 
 punished for contempt. The 
 affirmative verb is supplied from 
 the negative dwelTre: cf. Soph. 
 Oed. Tyr. 236 tov avdp" diravdQ 
 TOVTOV — yit^r' eiaoexeaOai /j.rjT€ 
 irpoa(pwveiv Tiva | wdelv d' d7r' 
 oLKLov irdvTas : and other ex- 
 amples in Jelf, Sijnt. § 895, 9, 
 Madvig, Synt. § 213. 
 
 § 53. 7roTepots...6rioO»'] 'for 
 which class of persons you 
 would be more likely to do 
 anything,' dat. commodi.
 
 p. 717.] KATA TIMOKPATOT2. 
 
 131 
 
 Tot? Seo/ieVot9 ?7 rot? eTrcraTTOvacv, oi8' on (p)]aai,T 
 av Tol<i Beofievoi^;' to fiev yap y^prjcnwv, to S' dvdv- 
 Spcov avdpcoTTCov kpyov iaTiv. ovkovv ol vofxot fxev 
 uTravTe^ irpoaTdTTOvaLv a ^p?; iroLelv, ol Ti,9evTe<i 8e 
 Ta? iK€Trjpia<; BeovTai. el tolvvv iKeTeveiv ovk e^ecrTLV, 
 ■^ TTOV vofMov y eTTiTayfi €)(opt €i(T(f)€p€Lv ; eyco fiev 
 OVK ol/xai. Kal yap alcrxpov irepl u>v /iirjSe y^api^eadai 
 Seiv v7r€i\)](f)aT€, irepl tovtcov ukovtcov vfiwv edv a 
 Tive<; ^ovXovTai Trpa-)(^6rjvat. 
 
 Aiye Tov fieTa tovtov e'c^e^?;?. 
 
 NOMOS. 
 
 54 \^'0(7(ov Slkt] irpoTepov eyeveTo y evduva rj Stadi- 
 
 t6 fj-fv yap XP'?""'"'^''' ■''0 5' 
 dvdvopiov] i.e. rb ixiv yap iroie'iv 
 OTLoi'v Toh deofxivois, xPV<^'''u)i' , rb 
 5i TTOieif OTioOv ToU eTriTaTTOvaiv , 
 d.vdv5pii)v : xpvo"''^'' is ' kind- 
 hearted ' K., ' gutherzigen ' Ben- 
 seler. 
 
 ol Ttdivm 5f rds iKfTrjpias] 
 Above, § 12 H. The 23lacing the 
 suppliant bough might even 
 sometimes be a capital crime, 
 Andoc. de Myst. § 110. 
 
 fl...ovK ^^fffTiv] Androt. § 18 
 n. 
 
 ^ wov...el<T(p^ptiv;] 'can it be 
 permitted to introduce a law, 
 which implies command?' The 
 argument of §§ 45 — 55 is sum- 
 med up in th(\'^e words and in 
 the following, Trepl (Li> ixrjoi X"P'- 
 ^((T0ai 0(iv vTrii\ri<l)aT(, ' in cases 
 where you have deemed it right 
 to abstain even from acts of 
 grace.' The denial of the right 
 of petition, when a judgment 
 had once been pronounced, in- 
 volved '"' fortiori the rejection 
 of what would now be called 
 ' relief bills,' of which the law 
 
 of Timocrates was a glaring 
 instance. 
 
 olfxai] A silent correction of 
 Diudorf's: the MSS. and the 
 other critical editions read ol'o- 
 /xai. Cf. §§ 68, 72. 
 
 rbv fxera tovtov e<^e^^s] § 49 n. 
 
 § 54. Here, as in § 50, the 
 substance of the ' law ' is com- 
 piled from Demosth. himself in 
 the context, with the irrelevant 
 and even nonsensical addition 
 fxrjbk KaTriyopelv (uivtwv k.t.X. 
 
 "Ocrui' oixri irporipov eyiueTo'\ 
 III Athenian law there was little 
 opportunity for bringing ap- 
 peals properly so called : the 
 verdict of the dicasts was gene- 
 rally final and irrevocable: the 
 same issue could not be raised 
 again, except in an indirect 
 manner. The exceptions may 
 be classed as a ' motion for a 
 new trial ' {Uk-tj dvdoiKos, dva- 
 dida, TraXivOiKilv) and an appeal 
 in tlie stricter sense (^</)e(ns). 
 
 The fiiriner was granted (1| 
 if the i)n>secutor had gained a 
 verdict by default (iprjjxrjv Xay- 
 
 9—2
 
 132 
 
 RATA TIM0KPAT0T2. [§§54,55. 
 
 Kacria trepl tov iv SLKao-Trjpio), rj IBla rj 8r)fio(7La, i] to 
 STjfMoaiov (iTreSoTO, fir) elcrdyeiv irepl tovt(ov et? to 
 BiKaa-Ti'ipiov /U.778' eiTL'^rii^L^eLV twv dpxovTcov /MtjBeva, 
 /j,r]8e KaTrjyopelv ioopTcov d ovk iwaiv oi vofioi.] 
 
 xdveLv), and the defendant could 
 prove that such default was 
 not owing to his negligence ; 
 in which case he was said eprj- 
 fx-qv avTi.Xaxe'ii', Deniosth. C. Ze- 
 noth. p. 889 § 27. (2) If the 
 loser convicted his opponent's 
 witnesses by a dlK-r) \pevSoixap- 
 TvpMv, he might next (proceed 
 against the principal himself by 
 a 5tK7? KaKOT-fx""^" ^ov suborna- 
 tion of perjury ([Demosth.] c. 
 Everg. et Mnesib. p. 1139 § 1, 
 c. Timoth. p. 1201 § 5G) : and 
 if again successful, might ob- 
 tain a rehearing of the original 
 suit. 
 
 The appeal called ecpecns was 
 allowed only in the following 
 cases : (1) From a decision of 
 the public arbitrators (dLaiTijral 
 KX-npcjToi) : (2) From a dia\l/ri- 
 (pLffis or decision of a man's 
 orifMoraL adverse to his rights of 
 citizenship: (3) From an eVt- 
 (io\ri or fine summarily imposed 
 by a magistrate; but not from 
 the Tifj.7]ixa or fine assessed by 
 a jury: (4) In the BiKai cltto avfx- 
 ^dXuji', when one of the parties 
 was a citizen of a foreign state, 
 between which and Athens the 
 agreement called av/j-^oXa exist- 
 ed. The accounts we have of 
 these appeals, mostly derived 
 from Pollux, are by no means 
 clear. 
 
 (Condensed from Dicf. Antiq. 
 s. v. Appellatio (Greek). See 
 further details under the respec- 
 tiveheadings: Pseudomartyrion, 
 Kakotechnion (the latter also 
 in Daremberg and Saglio), Diae- 
 tetae, Diapsephisis, Epibole, Di- 
 
 kai apo Symbolon: and eomp. 
 Sandys' Introd. to i. and ii. 
 Steph. in Demosth. part ii.). 
 
 evdvva] This word is rare in 
 the singular, especially in the 
 technical sense of 'examination 
 on quitting office,' 'audit of 
 accounts.' We find however in 
 Lys. Or. xxv. § 30 iroWas 8e 
 dpxas apxovres ovd(/j.ias evdvvriv 
 Siddaaip : and in Aeschin. Ctes. 
 § 17 el /XT] Tis iarlv evvoias ev- 
 dvva. The forms eudiw-q (plur. 
 evdvvai) or ev6wa (plur. evdwaC) 
 are deemed equally good by 
 Shilleto on Fals. Leg. p. 346 
 § 52: Dindorf and the Zurich 
 Editors prefer the latter without 
 absolutely rejecting the other. 
 Hence, in the passages just 
 cited, Dind. leaves ev6vuT)v in 
 Lysias where all MSS. agree, 
 but reads evdwa in Aeschiues 
 from one corrected MS. The 
 Scholiast likewise favours ev- 
 dwa : nepl di tov tovov ttjs 
 evdvvrjs T]5r] elwofxev otl irpoirap- 
 o^vveTai. 
 
 5ia5u'a<n'a] Above, § 12 n. 
 
 Tj TO br]ix6(Tuov'\ i.e. fj baa to 
 dvp-6(TLov dvedoTo. The cases in 
 which a rehearing is here re- 
 fused are (1) judgment in an 
 ordinary suit, diKT] -. (2) the case 
 of an outgoing magistrate, de- 
 clared by the evdvvoi or auditors 
 to owe monies to the State: 
 (3) questions of ownership: (4) 
 sales by the treasury. These 
 last would refer to confiscated 
 property [ovaia Srnxoala § 50) : 
 no action would lie against 
 the purchaser of such : the 
 State's having ordered the sale
 
 p. 718.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 133 
 
 55 TifxoKpdrrj'i rolvvv, wairep fiaprvpiav wv dBiKel 
 ypdcfjcov, €vdv<; dp')(^6fieuo^ rod vofiov rdvavTL edrjKe 
 Tovroi<i. 6 fiev j ovk ia irepl wv dv dira^ yvd) 8iKa- 
 (nrjpiov 7rd\iv ;j^p7?/LtaTt^eiy' o S' eypayfre, Kol el nvt 
 Trpoa-TeTLfiTjTaL Kara vofxov ij Kard yjrijcpLcrfMa, tov SPj/jlov 
 rovTW ■)(pr]ixaTt^eLV, 67rco<; d /xev eyvw to hiKaarrjptov 7^^ 
 XvdrjaeraL, Karaa-Trjcrei S' iyyvi^rd^; 6 6(})\(ov. koI o 
 fiev vofjLO'; fMrjB' €7riyjfT](f)L^eiv (jirjcrl rayv dp-)(^6vT0)v vapci 
 ravra firjheva' 6 8' eypa-^e roh irpoiSpoif; eirdvay- 
 K€<;, edv Tt9 Kadicnfi, Trpoadyeiv, koI 7rpocreypa-^ev 
 " OTTOT dv TL<; ^ovXrjTat!' 
 
 would constitute a ' parliament- 
 ary' title,' so to speak. 
 
 IXT) uffayeiv] §§ 10, 14 : for the 
 construction, §§ 20, 45. 
 
 yUTj5' (Triyp7)(p'l.'^iLv'\ § 50 7?. 
 
 g 55. xPW''''i'f"'] ^^ ^P" 
 plied to the presiding magis- 
 trates, this word has been ex- 
 plained §§ 21 n., 45. The phrase 
 TOV oij/xov ToiiTu) xP'7MCf'''i'e"' is 
 unusual, but merely extends 
 the same notion : ' the people 
 shall deal with the matter on 
 his behalf.' K. 
 
 Sttwj a fjLfv iyvui] ' so that the 
 decision of the court may be 
 reversed, and the accused party 
 may put in bail:' K. nearly. 
 MS. S with some others reads 
 Karaarrjari : but usage, and Xu^ij- 
 o-erot preceding, are decisive in 
 favour of the future. On this 
 question, generally referred to 
 as 'Dawes's canon,' see Jelf, 
 Synt. § 812, Madvig, Synt. § 
 123. Cobet Var. Led. p. 108 
 will not hear of the aor. subj. 
 even as an exception, but it 
 must be admitted tliat there are 
 passages, such as I'lato, I'rotag. 
 313 c, where all MSS. are 
 against him. — 6 6<t>\il>v] 50 n. 
 
 fypa\p( . . ,irf>o(xdyeiv] 'provided 
 
 (inserted a clause to the effect) 
 that the Proedri shall present 
 the bail' to the people for ap- 
 proval. Dobree wanted to read 
 Toi's vpoiSpovs, as in § 39: if 
 such uniformity were required, 
 the usage of Demosth. himself 
 is to be preferred to that of the 
 interjjolator of these documents. 
 
 g§ 50—58. The law of Ti- 
 mocrates sets aside decisiotis of 
 the courts ichich have already 
 been carried out. It thu^ not 
 merely introduces a danperous 
 confusion into the administration 
 of the laws, but insults the honest 
 juries of constitutional times by 
 treating them precisely like the 
 hated Thirty, whose acts were 
 declared null and void. 
 
 The common-sense objections 
 to retroactive legislation had 
 been already stated in §§42 — 44 ; 
 in tlieir present form they are 
 merely ad invidiam arguments 
 intended to prejudice the jury. 
 Demosthenes must have seen 
 clearly the difference between 
 the revolutionary enactments 
 which unsL'tlle tliu relations of 
 property, and llie mere proposal 
 that a certain class ol debtors 
 to the State should be treated
 
 134 KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. [% 56—58. 
 
 56 A€7 krepov vofiov. 
 
 NOMOS. 
 
 [Ta? 8iKa<i Kal Td<; Sialra';, oaat iyevovTO eVt 
 TOt<; vofjLoi<? iv Sij/xoKpaTOv/xevr] rf] TroXet, Kvpta^ elvai.] 
 
 Ou (f}7]cn Ti/jLOKpuTT]';, ovKovv o'TToaoa y av 8e- 
 (Tfiov 7rpoaTi/u,T]6fj. 
 Aiye. 
 
 NOMOS. 
 
 KJiroaa eirc rojv rpiaKovr eTrpa')(U7) 7; oiKr) 
 ihcKoadrj, r] ihia i} hrjixoaia, aKvpa eivai.] 
 
 57 'ETTtcr^e?. etVre fioi, ri SeivoTarov 7rdvTe<; dv 
 a.Kovaavre'i (prjo-atre Kal ri^ (jbokLCTT dv direv^aLade ; 
 oi^T^t ravra rd irpdypbara, aTrep rjv eVt rwv rpiaKovra, 
 
 ^ tL add. Bekk. Bl. cum yp. 2. 
 
 less harshly, and that this mea- 
 sure of relief should include 
 those already indebted. But it 
 did not suit him to rest his case 
 solely ou its merits ; we are 
 reminded of the words of the 
 Second Argument, t6 fj-h vofxi- 
 ixov KecpaXaiov ivTeXicTaTa eipya- 
 arai, to 5^ biKaiov koi rb crv/j.- 
 (pipov Kal TO SvvaTov dWrjXoLS 
 crifXTrXeKerai {]). 699, 5). 
 
 § 56. iv drj/jLOKpaTov/xivr; Ty 
 TToXet] 0pp. to €Trl tCiv Tpid- 
 KovTa, and probably also to the 
 earlier oligarchy of 411. Comp. 
 §§42;i., 76 «. 
 
 iirpaxOv] 'voted' (bestimmt) 
 rather than 'done' expi-esses 
 the meaning of this word. The 
 reference is to the 'acta' as the 
 Eomans would have called them 
 or judicial decrees of the Thirty ; 
 i.e. mostly to the executions and 
 
 confiscations decreed by a pack- 
 ed assembly at their bidding. 
 
 rj oLkt]] Our law-compiler is 
 here not happy in his Greek. 
 Eeiske explains this by owocrrj 
 dcKrj; but in Attic we should ex- 
 pect oTToaai diKai or e'l tis 5iK7]. 
 
 § 57. dKovaavTes] 'When 
 you heard' (that law read, hke 
 evedv/j-rjdrjT'' dvayiyvcoffKOfxivov tov 
 ^r](pi(TfjiaTos § 28), ' what would 
 you (naturally) declare to be 
 the most monstrous thing?' 
 The very mention of the Thirty 
 would remind an Athenian 
 audience that this was the bit- 
 terest passage in their history. 
 This is substantially Benseler's 
 explanation (die Ihr das gehort) 
 and seems more exact than K. 's 
 'what would you say was the 
 most dreadful thing you ever 
 heard?'
 
 p. 719.] KATA TIMOKPATOT2. 
 
 135 
 
 fir) yevicrdai ; eycoy' ol/xai, 6 yovv v6fxo<; ovrocrl ev- 
 \al3ovfievo<i, cof efxol hoKel, to tolovtov direlTre ra 
 TrpaydevT iir' eKeu'cov fxr/ Kvpc ewai. ovrocri roi- 
 vvv rrjv avTrjv Kareyvco Trapavo/xiav rwv iirl tt;? St]- 
 fioKparia^ ireTrpayfievcov, rjvrrep rwv iir' eKeivcov vfxeW 
 58 ofioio)^ yovv aKvpa rroiel. Kanot n (prjao/iev, w 
 dvBpe<; \\.6't]va'loi, tovtov Kvpiov top vofxov eacravTe<i 
 yevecrdac ; irorepov rd SiKaarr^pLa, a SijfxoKparov- 
 /jiev7)<; T^? TToXeto? e'/c twv op^co/jLOKoroiv ifkripovTat, 
 TavT dSiKrjfiaTa TOL<i iirl tcov rptaKOvr ahiKelv ; 
 Koi TTtw? 01; Beivov ; dWd StKalo)^ €yjr7](f)ia6ai ; rtvo? 
 ovv e'lveKa rov XvcrovTa raxna vo/iov Oecrdai (^i)(Jop.ev ; 
 ttXtjv el TOVTo Tiv eiTTOL, piavevre^' dXXo yap ovkJI^) 
 ecTTiv eiTrelv. 
 
 fjLT) yeveffffai] /xr] is added be- 
 cause of direv^aiaOe : 'deprecate 
 the repetition of,' K. rightly. 
 So in the next sentence dTretTre 
 ...fj-r) Kvpia elvai : above § 31 
 doeiaf Tov fx-q rt. iradilv. 
 
 6 "yovv v6ixos oi'Tofft] "yovv ex- 
 plains iy<jyy' oliiai. ' I think so ; 
 at least this seems to be the 
 meaning of the law ' dc. 
 
 evKa^ovfj-ivos to toioOtov] 
 
 'providing against such a con- 
 tingency,' K. 
 
 oiiToal roivvv] oiiTOcrl is now 
 the defendant Timocrates, not 
 the law. 
 
 KUT^yvu] 'imputed the same 
 illegality.' According to De- 
 mosthenes, T. had implicitly 
 set aside all judicial decisions 
 by reversing nomc 
 
 §58. t'dffacres] 'if we allow.' 
 The confirmation of T.'s law 
 would depend on the result of 
 the present trial. 
 
 iK tCji' 6tJLit)ttoKijTij]v TrXrjpoDrat] 
 ' are impanelled from among 
 those who have sworn (the He- 
 
 liastie oath) : ' not simply ' of 
 sworn men.' Comp. § 21 n. : 
 §§ U9— 151. Benseler, who is 
 usually careful in noticing the 
 variations of I\ISS. and Edd., 
 here reads KX-qpovrai without re- 
 mark : not accidentally, as is 
 shewn by his version 'durch 
 Loos besetzt werden.' If the 
 reading of all the MSS. {wXri- 
 povT€ in 2 is no real variant, 
 § 85 n.) needed any justification, 
 it might be found in § 92 BiKa- 
 (TTTjpia irXripovTi. 
 
 i\j/ri(pi(7dai.'\ SiKacrTripia is the 
 subject both of ddiKuv and of 
 i^j/ricpia-dar. 'shall we say that 
 they commit the same crimes 
 as under the Thirty (whose ac- 
 complices in guilt thfy were) or 
 that they have given just ver- 
 dicts?' 
 
 diadai (pri<To/xei>'] The subject 
 of diadai being the same as of 
 (t>T)(Ton(v is not expressed. ' If 
 so, what reason shall we assign 
 for passing a law to rescind 
 their judgments? unless we
 
 136 KATA TIMOKPATOT:^. [§§ 59, 60. 
 
 59 Ae'y' dWov vofiov. 
 
 NOMOS. 
 
 [Mt/Sc vofxov i^eivat eV dvhpl deivai, eav fiij tov 
 avTOv €7rt Trdcrcu ' A6rjuaiot,<; rtdfj, 57' yjrricfjtcrafMevwv 
 fxr) eXarrov €^aKia')(^iXlcov, 0I9 av 86^rj Kpv^Srjv 
 •^ri<^Lt,o^evoL<;.^ 
 
 ' rj om. libri. rj—if/rjcpL^ofievois om. Dind. 
 
 were to say it was an act of 
 madness.' K. nearly. Withyua- 
 v^m-es supply ed^fxeda, not 6i- 
 ffdai. which would require /xaviv- 
 ras after eiVot tis &v. 
 
 §§ 59, 60. The argument 
 against privilegia just touched 
 upon in § 18 sttI Trdac tov aiirov 
 vbfxov Tidivai KeXevei, re-stated 
 and amplified. 'The law forbids 
 the proposal of any statute not 
 applying to all Athenians, un- 
 less by the votes 0/6OOO citizens, 
 taken by ballot. The very word- 
 ing of this decree of Timocrates 
 shows that he has not complied 
 loith the enactment: he excepts 
 by name the farmers of taxes, 
 the lessees of the revenue, and 
 their sureties. There is no pre- 
 tence that such persons are the 
 greatest offenders, the least de- 
 serving of relief from the law of 
 imprisonment. Your proposal 
 stands disclosed for what it is : 
 a barefaced attempt to favour 
 speculators, or rather open plun- 
 derers of the public money. 
 
 § 59. Tidy, yj \f/rj(pi(Ta/x^i'Ci}v] See 
 the various readings. Dindorf's 
 excision of the latter part of this 
 document is certainly too bold : 
 and (though as a rule adhering 
 to his text) I have here followed 
 the other recent Editors in re- 
 taining the passage as it stands 
 in the MSS. with Reiske's very 
 slight correction. It is true 
 
 that in Aristocr. p. 649 § 86 the 
 law is quoted without the addi- 
 tional words : and that De- 
 mosth. did not need to cite 
 them, perhaps was not likely 
 to cite them (as weakening the 
 force of his argument) for his 
 present purpose. But we have 
 to bear in mind, not what the 
 clerk was likely to have read at the 
 bidding of Demosthenes (which, 
 it is now admitted, no one 
 really knows), but what the com- 
 piler of these ' laws ' thought fit 
 to insert in the text of his au- 
 thor, as his own notion of what 
 had been read. Similar clauses 
 are found in the law of § 45, 
 and, however irrelevant, may 
 very well have been inserted 
 here. Without some correc- 
 tion, however, the reading of 
 the MSS. yields no sense: it 
 fails to mark the distinction be- 
 tween the general rule and the 
 exceptional privilegium. The 
 author of the 'Leges Atticae,' 
 Samuel Petit, proposed to insert 
 iav fjLTi before yprjipLaaixivwv, as in 
 Andoc. de Myst. § 87 where the 
 law is quoted lav /jltj tov avTbv 
 iwl wS-ffiv ^Adrjvaiois, eav fx-q e|a- 
 KicrxtX'oiy Si^r; Kpv^drjv xj/ijcpiaa- 
 IxlvoL's. Eeiske's correction ac- 
 counts best for the reading of 
 the MSS. as rj might so easily 
 have dropt out after Tidri: 
 otherwise the inelegant repeti-
 
 p. 719.] KATA TLMOKPATOTS. 137 
 
 OvK ia vofiov dXX" rj rov avrov ridevat Kara rcov 
 ttoXltwv TrdvTcov, Ka\w<; kuI Stj/xotiko)'? Xeywv. 
 (oairep yap TJ79 dX\7)<i TroA-tre/a? caov iMerecmv 
 eKciaru), ovrco kui tovtcov I'aov nere^^eLv eKacnov 
 a^iol. hi 01/9 ixkv TOLVuv ovTo<s elcrecfyepe [rov vofiou^], 
 vfi€L<; ovSev i/jLov %etpoi/ ycyvaxTKere' dvev he tovtcov 
 avT6<; cofMoXoyrjae /xt) eVi Trdcrc tov avTov TedecKevai, 
 ttXi^v Trepi twv TeXcovdou kuI twv /juadou/xevcov koX 
 Twv tovtcov eyyvrjTwv ■)(prjadai irpocrypdy^aq tw vo/jlco. 
 ovKovv OTTOT elcTLV TLve<i oO? d(f)opL^et<;, OVK dv eV 
 60 et779 eVt irdcrt tov avTov TeOetKCo^. kuI fjbrjv ovh' 
 eKelvo y dv etVot?, oo<; oaot<; heafiov TrpoaTLfiuTac, 
 TOVTCOV jJbdXicTT T) Td fxiyLaT dhiKOvcriv ol TeXcovai, 
 (oaT€ fiovoi^ avTol^ fjui) fM€Tahouvat tov vo/xov. ttoXv 
 ydp hyjTTOv p-aXXov 01 irpohihovTa tl tcov kocvwv, 01 
 Tov<i yovea<i KaKovvTe<i, ol /mtj Ka6apd<; Td<; ■^^elpwi 
 
 ■' t6v v6fxov om. Z Bl. cu)n ZAZ et pr. k. 
 
 tion of iav /JLT] may be defended koivwu] How vague these charges 
 
 by § 45 and Andoe. /. c. might be is well shown in C. R. 
 
 Kara tQv ttoXitQi' irdvTwv]= K.'s article ' Prodosia ' in Dicf. 
 
 ini irdffiv 'Adrjvaioii above, ' ap- Antiq. The punishment was 
 
 plying to.' For this use of Kara usually death : but we find be- 
 
 comp. II. Phil. p. 08 § 9 6 Kal low § 127 ^oi vpoboaias ye aXous 
 
 fj^yiffTOv (<TTi Kad' i'/jiuip iyKwfxiov : rpia ToXavra aireTiae. 
 
 Aeschin. Ctes. § .50 oi /card A?;- rot'/s yovias KaKovvTe's] Diet, 
 
 fxoffe^vovi iiraivoi. Jelf, Sijnt. Antiq. s. v. 'Kakosis.' If we 
 
 § 628. 2. may trust Andocides, those 
 
 (fttXtDs Kdi brfnoTiKw^'] Above, found guilty of Ka.KiacrL% 7o«'^a)i' 
 
 § 34 SiKaiws Kal a4>bbpa vwip tov were among a large class of 
 
 o^/xoi'. Below, § 69. — 6.vev oi offenders of whom he says ovtol 
 
 TovTwv] 'and besides:' of. TrdvTa dTi/jLoi. rjaav ra aiIi/j.aTa, 
 
 Aristocr^p. 057 § 112. ra 5^ XPV/^ara elxov, de Myst. 
 
 TfXwvwv fuaOovtiivuv (7- §74. And this Atimia involved 
 
 yvrtrCov] Compare § 40, where exclusion from the Agora, be- 
 
 a further class of revenue offi- low § 103, Androt. § 77. 
 
 cers, the <lK\oytU or tKXiyovTfs, p.!) Kadapas rai Xf'P°-^] Homi- 
 
 are mentioned, and pucOovnivuv cide, even wiien purely accidcn- 
 
 is expanded into tCiu to. tiiaOu)- tal or excusable, was regarded in 
 
 ai/xa p.{.(TOovp.{vu)v. the religious point of view as a 
 
 § CO. ol TTpooiodvTd Tl rwu pollution of the city and terri-
 
 138 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§60—63. 
 
 e-)^ovT€'i, el(TL6vTe<; 8' et? rrjv dyopdv, dSiKovaiv. oh 
 'diracTLv ol fiev virdp-^ovTe^ vo^lol heafiov TrpoXeyovaiv, 
 Se ab<? XeXvcrOai SiSwatv. aW evravda irdXiv 
 Karafirjvvei^; vrrkp wv iridei'^' Bid jdp to fjurj reXcovi]- 
 aavra<; o(f>ei\eiv avTOVi, aWa K\e^avTa<i, p.dWov h 
 apTraaavra^ rd '^pr^fxara, hid rovr ovk e(f)p6vTiaa<i,. 
 olfiat, Tojv rekwvwv. 
 6 1 YioWou^ S' dv TL<i e-)(^oi, vo/xov^i en Kal /caXaJ? y20 
 e')(^ovTa<; 8ecKvvvac, oI? nrdaLv ivavTco^ earlv ov ovto? 
 TedeiKev. dXX' cato^ eyu> fxev, el irepl Trdvrcov ipw, 
 i^coa-drjao/jLai irepl rov fxrjS' e7rtT7]8etov oXw? vfMiv 
 elvai Tov vofiov euTrelv, v/mlv 8' 6/jLoiai^ evo^^^of <f)ai>eiTat 
 rj] ypacjjf], Kal el evl rwv ovrciiv vofxoiv iuavTi0<i ecrrlv. 
 
 tory of Athens, and required cere- 
 monial expiation: a principle 
 common to the Hebrew and other 
 ancient codes. Compare Diet. 
 Antiq. s. V. 'Phonos.' 
 
 \e\iicrdai diducriv] 'grants an 
 immediate release.' The perf. 
 infin. implies the continuance 
 of the action as well as its sud- 
 denness : such prisoners are to 
 be, and to remain, released. So 
 Thucyd. i. 87 § 6 -17 diayvdj/jLTj 
 TTJs eKKXrjcrias rov rds cnrovSas 
 XeXvadai. Comp. Jelf, Sijnt. 
 § 399, 2 : Madvig, Syiit. § 171 
 Kem. 1. Goodwin, 2Ioods and 
 Tenses, § 18, 3. 
 
 vtrfp (iv erideis] ' in whose in- 
 terests you proposed ' the law : 
 like 81 ovs oiiTos eiaicpepe in the 
 last section. 
 
 §§ 61 — 6.5. Time would fail 
 me to speak of nil the laws to 
 ivhich that of Timocrates is re- 
 jnignant. I luill take but one 
 more example, a hnu formerly 
 passed by himself, which icill 
 make him his own accuser. In 
 it he increased the stringency of 
 the proceedings in cases of im- 
 
 peachment (eljayyeXia), andpro- 
 vided that those sentenced to a 
 fine should be imprisoned until 
 it was paid. Such inconsistency 
 shows tJiat he would do anything 
 for the sake of gain, and is ut- 
 terly shameless. He deserves 
 the penalty of malefactors ivho 
 confess their guilt, that he should 
 be punished xvithout trial : for 
 the repugnancy of his two laxvs 
 xcith one another amounts to a 
 confession of guilt. 
 
 § *Jl. €^wad7](ro/j.ai ... elTnlv] 
 The usual construction would 
 be Toij MT? eiTre'iv : and the simple 
 infinitive is especially rare after 
 the passive voice. The exam- 
 ples with Karex^v, KwXveLu 
 and the like, in Jelf, Synt. 
 § 664, and the passage quoted 
 here by G. H. Schaefer, Soph. 
 Aj. 69 eyu yap o/uLfJuxTuv diroaTpo- 
 (f>ovs I avya.'s aTTHp^w arivirp6(T0\l/iv 
 elcnSelv, are for this reason not 
 exactly parallel. 
 
 Trepl Tov...elvaL\ 'on its being 
 contrary to public policy,' as in 
 §§ 1, 33, 48, 68 : = a)j Kal /j.€ydK 
 dv SXiiTTOL ju^t below.
 
 720.] 
 
 KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. 
 
 139 
 
 TTCo? ovi> fioi SoKel ; rou^ fiev a\Xov<i iav, irepl S' ov 
 •rrporepov ttot uvtcx; outo?' eOrjKe vojxov hieKdovr eV 
 eKelvo levat to ixepo<i ttj^ Karrj'yopia^ V^V> ^"» '^^^^ /"■^" 
 
 62 yciX' av /BXdirroi yevofxevo'; /<:r/9(o?'" tt)v ttoXlv. to 
 fi€v ovv Tot9 TcSv dWcov evai'Tiov elcrevrjvo^^^evai, v6p.ov 
 Seivov fiev, dXX! ctWov BetTai KaTrjyopoV to Se \_Ta)] 
 v(f>' avTov^^ irpoTepov Ketixevw vopLw TctvavTia delvat, 
 TOUT ijBrj TTOLci KaTrjyopov avTov avTov yeyevrjcrOat. 
 lu ovv TOVT elBrJTe yi,yv6p,evov, dvayvwaeTai tov 
 vofxou vfilv avTov ov ovTO<i edrjKev' iyo) Se aicoTT'qa'O- 
 fj-ai. \ey€. 
 
 NOMOS. 
 
 63 [Ti/uLOKpaTTj'; elirev, oitoaoi ^ XdrjvaKov kut elaay- 
 yeXiav e/c t?;? ^ovXrjs i) vvv elaiv ev too hea fiwTripiu) 
 
 ' oPros om. Z Bekk. cum 2 et jyr. T. 
 "" Kvptos Cjv B1. " TO 5' avTov Z Bens, cum 2. 
 
 irtDs ouf ixoi. ooKu] 'What 
 course then shall I take'?' K. 
 
 § 62. rb fxev ovv ...Karriyopov^ 
 'Now to have introduced a law 
 contrai-y to the laws of (passed 
 by) other men, is a great of- 
 fence, yet it requires another 
 party for accuser.' K. nearly. 
 
 ivayvuiatTai] § 12 ;;. 
 
 § 63. KaT elcayyeXiai'] The 
 commonly received meaning of 
 this term is 'an impeachment 
 before the senate or the assem- 
 bly of the people for all ex- 
 traordinary crimes committed 
 against the state, and for which 
 there was no special law pro- 
 vided.' But it is not easy to 
 reconcile this very general lan- 
 Kua^e concerning the a.ypa<pa 
 5r)fi6aia diiKo/xuTa (Pollux viii. 
 51) with the fofios flaayytXriKo^ 
 of the text, ol Pollux I.e. and 
 of the Lexicon lUivtoricum Cmi- 
 
 tabrigiense s.v. daayyeXia, a 
 law which is described as limit- 
 ing the term to certain speci- 
 fied offences or at least classes 
 of offences. Our knowledge of 
 the recorded cases of eLaayyeXla 
 has been greatly increased of 
 late by the discovex'y of the pa- 
 pyri of Hyperides ; and the sub- 
 ject has been exhaustively dis- 
 cussed by Dr Herman Hager in 
 the Journal 0/ PJiiloloiji/, iv. pji. 
 74 — 112. The classes as defined 
 by the law may be groui)ed as 
 follows: (1) An Eisangelia Arara- 
 Xvcrtios TOV Srifiov, (2) Trpo5o<Tias, 
 (3) for giving bad advice to the 
 people [only against a prjTup 
 or jirofcssed public man, not 
 against an ioiiliTr]^], (4) e'd;' ns 
 dOLKTj mpl TO. ii> Toh veuipioii, ap- 
 ])arently a special form of rpo- 
 docia designed to hedge in with 
 additional safeguards tlie all-
 
 140 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 [§ 63. 
 
 17 TO XoLTTov KaTaredcoat,, koI /u,j) TrapaSoOfj rj kutu- 
 yvaxTL'; avrcov Tot9 6ecrixodeTaL<i utto tov jpafifxaTefOf 
 Tov Kara irpvTaveiav Kara, rov elaayyeXriKov vofxov, 
 SeBox^at"^ elcrdyeiv T01/9 evSeKa et? to hiKacFTrjpiov 
 
 ° add. Toh deanoderais Z Bens, cum Uhris. voixodiraii Bl. 
 
 important maritime defences of 
 Athens. To these Dr Hager 
 adds (0) Eisangelia for offences 
 against the commercial laws, of 
 which last sort the following 
 examples are adduced, (i.) A 
 man was punished capitally da- 
 a-yyeXffels ev Tip drj/xix) for raising 
 a second mortgage upon the 
 same pro^jerty {eTrid€daveicrfj.evos, 
 Demosth. c.Phorm. p. 922 § 50) : 
 (ii.) The 22nd Oration of Lysias, 
 Kara tu>v cLToirwkQiv, is an Eis- 
 angelia against ' forestallers 
 and regraters' who had bought 
 up more than 50 (pop^ol at one 
 time, exemplifying, it may be 
 added, all the fallacies which 
 prevailed until very recently on 
 the subject of the corn trade. 
 Several of the cases on record 
 do not at first sight come under 
 any one of the above heads : 
 and Dr Hager's conclusion is 
 'that elcrayyeXla was applied to 
 crimes enumerated in the v6/xos 
 eiaayyeXTLKOs, but also to all 
 other crimes which' by a legal 
 fiction could be brought under 
 that law (I.e. p. 78). When we 
 consider the extreme elasticity 
 of the terms (fardXvffts tov 5rj/j.ov 
 and -rrpooocrla at Athens, it is 
 clear that prosecutors need ne- 
 ver have been at a loss. 
 
 The traditional statement 
 adopted from the grammarians 
 by most modern writers, that 
 the prosecutor in a case of etV- 
 ayyeMa was exempt from pe- 
 nalty if he failed to obtain a 
 fifth part of the votes, requires 
 
 some modification. Cases oc- 
 cur (e.g. de Cor. p. 310 § 250) 
 in which et(ra77e\ta is mentioned 
 in connexion with to fj.epos tQiv 
 \p7](pij}v : and it seems probable 
 that at least between 01. 107 
 and 110, 3 (b.c. 352—338) the 
 impunity of the prosecutor was 
 abolished. It is even doubt- 
 ful whether it was ever revived : 
 the speech of Hyperides in de- 
 fence of Euxenippus implies, 
 wthout stating, that it did not 
 then exist (about 380). Hager, 
 I.e. p. 112. 
 
 Two other kinds of Eisange- 
 lia are noticed in the ancient 
 authorities : the eiaayyeXia Ka- 
 Kwaeios and the elaayyeXia Stai- 
 T-qTujv. Compare Dr Hager's 
 art. Eisangelia in Diet. Antiq. 
 
 oiroaoi.. . eialv . . . 77. . . /caTare^cDfft] 
 On this change of construction 
 cf. § 39 n. 
 
 rov ypafjifMarewi] The ypa/j.- 
 p.ar€vs KaTo. wpvTaveLav was one 
 of the three ypa/x/xaTels who 
 were real state-officers and not 
 mere clerks. He always be- 
 longed to a different prytany 
 from that which was in power. 
 Diet. Antiq. s.v. 
 
 oedoxdai] § 20 n. The words 
 Tots Oea-fjiodeTaLs (see various 
 readings) cannot have formed 
 part of the original laws even if 
 they were really written by the 
 ' law-concocter ' (Gesetzfabrik- 
 ant). The explanation of G. H. 
 Schaefer, followed in Kennedy's 
 and Benseler's versions, 'the 
 Eleven shall bring them into
 
 p. 721.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 141 
 
 TpiuKOvd''^' rifiepwv acf)' r)<; av TrapaXd/Scocriv, eav /xt] 
 Ti Srifxaaia kcoXvtj, idv 8e fJLr], orav TrpcoTOv olov r fj. 
 Karrjyopelv 8' ^ AdTjvaioyv rov jSovXo/xevov ot9 e^ecrrtv. 
 idv S' a\&), Tifidro) r] rfkiaia Trepl avrov o ri dv Soktj 
 a.^io<; elvaL iradetv rj aTroTLaai. idv 8' dpyvplov 
 TCfMTjdr}, BeSecrdo) e&j?'* dv iKriarj 6 ri dv avrov Kara- 721 
 yvcoadfj-l 
 
 P ivTos TpiOLKOvd^ Z Bekk. Bens, cum lihris. 
 1 reojs Z Bekk. Bens. Bl. re 'iui SAkrs. re ws v. 
 
 court before theThesmothetae,' 
 is neither good Greek nor con- 
 sistent with what we know of 
 the office of the ec5eKa. The 
 latter were, first and princi- 
 pally, executive officers into 
 whose custody those condemned 
 before the Theemo thetae or other 
 judges were committed for pun- 
 ishment, usually capital. They 
 had further, in some cases, an 
 original jurisdiction {rj-ye/xovia 
 oiKaffTTjpiov), presiding as judges 
 over a trial. But that they 
 should have acted as promoters 
 of suits in other courts is con- 
 trary to all ancient testimonies, 
 and scarcely conceivable. Taylor 
 thought that the reading should 
 be Toi)j OefffjLodeTas, a gloss upon 
 Toi>s evdeKu by some one who did 
 not know of the judicial func- 
 tions of the Eleven : Dindorf 
 more simply regards the words 
 as accidentally repeated from 
 two lines above. His excision 
 of ivTos is likewise a concession 
 to classical usage, which may or 
 may not have been observed by 
 the compiler (cf. ijfxepdv Tpidv 
 Androt. § 14 n.). 
 
 fAc fir) Ti brjixoaiq. K(j}\vri\ ' if 
 
 the state of public business does 
 not prevent it,' K. 
 
 rbv (ioi<\6iJ.fvov oZs ^^ecrrti/] 
 'any Athenian who pleases, not 
 
 being disqualified' by atimia, 
 nonage, &c. 
 
 wadeiv ij aTroriaai] These 
 words areoften joined to express 
 'fines or any other penalties,' 
 cf. Plato, Apol. 36 b tL a^ios 
 fifj-i Tradelv rj airoTiffai, 6 ti fiaduiv 
 iv TU3 /Sty ovx Tjcrvx^o-v 17701' ; be- 
 low,' § 105. 
 
 dpyvpiov rifj.Tjdrj'] Impersonal, 
 with the dative to be supplied : 
 as in § Sd et Tt.vi...TrpoaT€Ti/j.r]Tai. 
 §§ 103, 105. 
 
 ews] The various readings 
 here show that the copyists felt 
 the difficulty of t(ws standing 
 for the proper relative form ews. 
 The question as to the admissi- 
 bility of this sense of rewj in 
 Attic Greek is discussed by 
 Biittmann Ind. Mid. s.v. t^ws, 
 where all the passages from the 
 Orators are collected, and by 
 Shilleto on F. L. p. 446 § 374. 
 The latter in his second and 
 subsequent editions follows the 
 authority of Dindorf against the 
 JMSS., and writes ews : but he 
 mentions with some approba- 
 tion Buttmann's conjecture, 
 that perhaps in all these cases 
 we ought to read Wtos, tws. It 
 is easier to believe that this re- 
 dundant phrase belonged to le- 
 gal language than to the literary 
 style of Demosth.
 
 142 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§64—67. 
 
 64 'A/coi^er', CO av8pe<; ScKaarai ; Xey avrol<; avro 
 TOVTO 7rd\iv. 
 
 NOMOS. 
 
 ['Eav S' npyvplov TC/Mr]dp, SeSeaOco etw? av iKTio-rj.] 
 
 TleTraucro. ecrnv ovv otto)? av evavrcwrepa ra 
 Svo Belt] Tov BeSiaOai, ecu? av iKTeLcrcoac, row ciX6vTa<i, 
 KoX TOV KaOia-Tavai TOv<i avrov'i tovtov^ iy<yvr]Td<;, 
 dWd /nr) Belv ; ravra tolvvv Karrjyopec Tt/xoKpaT7]<i 
 Ti/xoKparovi, ov AioSaypo^, ov8' dWo^ vfioov ovBel'i 
 
 65 Tocrovrcov ovrcov to TrXr^do^. kultol tIvo^ dv vfitv 
 d'Tro<T')(^e(T6aL BoKet X>?/x//aT09 rj rt iroieiv av OKvrjaai 
 KepSovi e'lveKa, '6(ttl<s evavTia avTo<; uvtm vofxadeTelv 
 rj^iwaev, ovhe Toi'i dWoi^ tmv v6/j,a>v ecovTWv ; ifiol 
 fiev yap eiveic dvai8eLa<i 6 TOiovTQ<; 8ok€l Tcdv dv 
 €T0i/jL0)<i epyov TroifjcraL. (txnrep toIvvv, w civhpe^ 
 'AdrjvaloL, T(ov irepl TuXXa KaKOvpycov TOV'i ofioXo- 
 yovvTa<i dvev Kpiaeoi^ KoXa^ecv 01 v6/xol KeXevovaiv, 
 
 OVTO) BIkUIOV Kal TOVTOU^', eVetS?} T0V<i v6/J,0V<i KUKOVp- 
 
 ycov etXrjTrTai, /xr) S6vTa<i Xoyov /u.7]S' ideXtjcravTa^ 
 aKOvaai KaTayjfTjt^iaaaOai,' (o/jUoXoyrj/ce ydp [daTepep^l 
 Tw TTpOTepu) v6p.(p ivavTiov TovSe rt^ei?* dBiKelv. 
 
 *■ rovTov Z Bens, cum libris. ' Qdrepov sine uncis Z Bekk. Bens. 
 
 ' [to; Ti^fis] Bens, ivavrlov om. Z. 
 
 % 64. TOV KadiaTCLvai] The was provided for by the repeal 
 
 change of subjects is note- (Xveiv) beforehand of any laws 
 
 worthy : ' that these same per- which would be at variance with 
 
 sons (roLij avToiis tovtovs = tovs new legislation. §§ 18, 32, 33. 
 
 aXovras) should put in bail, and ei'f e/c' dvaLdelai] ' so far as im- 
 
 that one should not imprisoia pudence goes,' Lat. guod a«/Ke( 
 
 them' (instead of deo^ffdai, that ad, cf. Lept. p. 461 § lioiSiyap 
 
 they should not be imprisoned). el iravv xPV'^tos ead\ ws ifxov y' 
 
 § 65. Tj^iwcrei'] 'thought pro- ecefca Icrrw, lieXTiwv €<ttI rrjs iro- 
 
 per,' like ilieTo belv Audrot. § 32 Xews to tjOos : ' as I am willing 
 
 n. to admit that he is,' esto, per 
 
 Tots aXXots] sc. evavTla vo/no- me licet. 
 
 deTelv. As we have seen, this OaTepixi] The MSS. vary be-
 
 p. 722] RATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 143 
 
 66 "On fxev tolvvv Ka\ irapa rovTov<i [roi)? vofMovi] koX 
 irapa rov<i TrpoeLprjfjbevov^, koI /jbiKpov Beco rrapd irdv- 
 ra^^^ elirelv Tou<i ovTa<; iv rfj iroXei, reOeiKe rbv vofxov, 
 oi/xat Bt]\ov diraaiv vfjuv eivai. dav/jLci^co 3' avTOv ri 
 TTore KoX To\.fi.7]aet Xeyecv irepi tovtcov. ovre <ydp co<i 
 ovK ivavrlo<i ecrd' o vo/xo^ toI^ dXkoiii heiKvueiv e^ec, 
 ovd' {W9 8c direipiav IBkottjv avrov ovra tout eXaOe 722 
 BvvaiT dv ireicraL' irdXat yap fxtadov Kal 'ypd(f)(ov koX 
 
 67 v6/j.ou<i ela(f)€pu)v cotttul. Kal firjv o'uB^ eKelvo y eve- 
 (TTtv avTw, dBiKTjfia fiev eivat to irpdyfia ofioXoyfjaai, 
 avyyvcofiT)^ Be TV)(elv d^iovV ov yap aKoyv ovB^ virep 
 rjTV)^7)KOTcov ovB' VTTep crvyyevwv Kal dvayKaicov av- 
 
 " Trap' a-rravTas Z Bekk. Bens, cum 2. 
 
 tween darifx^ and dan-epov. Ben- 
 selerreads Oarepov adiKelv, brack- 
 eting the intervening words. 
 Dindorf's correction is much 
 less violent and gives the best 
 sense. Of course, if darepov (x5i- 
 Ki'tv, 'to offend on one of two 
 points,' be right, the rest must 
 come out ; but, as it seems to 
 me, there is no real dilemma. 
 [Bl. reads Oaripi^ co/uy toj/Se 
 Ttdfis, omitting toJ irporlpu) and 
 ivavTiov.'\ 
 
 §§ 66, 67. The proofs (from 
 § ay onward) that Timocrates' 
 law is contrary to the existing 
 law, are summed up with two 
 remarks. (1) He cannot plead 
 inexperience, as though he icere 
 a private ynitn : for lie has long 
 been known ax a prafesnional po- 
 litician Jraming decrees for hire. 
 (2) Neither can he confess and 
 plead extenuating circumstances: 
 his illegalities icere committed 
 for the benefit of most undeserv- 
 ing persons, who had no claim on 
 his compasxion. 
 
 § 66. Oavud^ui 0' avToO ri] A 
 
 construction more common in 
 Plato than in the Orators : see a 
 note on Protag. 321) c. 
 
 deiKvueiv] Androt. § 34 n. 
 Above, § 35. It may be ob- 
 served, as against Cobet's Pro- 
 crustean rule, that here and in 
 § ^S oeiKuvvai would leave a hi- 
 atus. 
 
 wTTTai] The old Attic form of 
 the perf. pass. tS^/uat is found in 
 Aesch. Prom. 998: u\pai in one 
 l^lace of Demosthenes (de Cor. 
 p. 314 § 263). The later Attic 
 fibpauai is more frequent : i. 
 Steph. p. 1121 § 66, c. Conon. 
 p. 1262 § 16, cf. irpoetiparai ib. 
 § 19._ 
 
 § 67. avyyevuiu /cat dvayKalo}v] 
 The same phrase occurs deFals. 
 Leg. p. 434 §290 = 332: and 
 dvayKaioiis i)erhaps = 0//\o(, and 
 to be distinguished from crvyye- 
 vfls, ' verwandter oder irgend 
 befreundeter Leute,' Benseler : 
 but there can be no objection to 
 K.'s rendering, ' relations and 
 connexions.' For elsewhere we 
 have such expressions as to. rrjs
 
 144 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [% 67—70. 
 
 TO) reOeiKM'i ^atVerat rov vojxov, aSjC €ko)v iiirep 
 fxeydX' tjBiktjkotwv v/jid<;, ovSev TrpoarjKovTwv avToJ, 
 7rXr]v el avyyevelf; vTroXafM^dvecp (prjcrl Tov<i /xLcrdov- 
 fxevov; avrov. 
 68 n? Toivvv oi^S' eTTirySeiov vofxov v/jliv ovSe avfi- 
 
 (pepovT 6i,aev/)vo-)^e, tout rjhrj Treipdaofiat vvvl SeiKvv- 
 €iv. oifiat 8r) Trdvra^^ av^ vfxd<; op-dXo'yrjaat, helv rov 
 
 " diofiai. CLTravTas Z Bekk. o'io/jLai di] wavTas Bens. 
 y civ om. Z cum S. 
 
 avyyevelas avayKoia, ' the strong 
 ties of kindred,' i. Steph. p. 1118 
 § 54: and Leochar. p. 1088 § 26 
 Tr]v dvayKaLOTaTrjv crvyyeveiav el- 
 XOfjiev, ovres dve\(/i.a5oL iKeiviti. 
 This last passage is a good illus- 
 tration of tlie clanuishness of 
 ancient life: 'second cousins' 
 are spoken of as 'very near re- 
 lations.' 
 
 avT(^ . . .avTip . . .avT6v]Sihil\eto's 
 rule (Preface to F. L.) to write 
 ai/TO) whenever the pronoun re- 
 fers either to the primary or 
 secondary subject, would require 
 the reflexive form throughout 
 this passage. Benseler some- 
 what inconsistently writes dvay- 
 Kaiwv avT(2, but irpoa-qKovTwv av- 
 Tu) and Toi)s jxicdovixivovs avrov : 
 there can be no possible dis- 
 tinction here, and the reflexive 
 would be best in all three cases. 
 
 §§ 68—107. Proof that the 
 law of Timocrates is bad in 
 itself — improper and inexpedi- 
 ent. This argument is first 
 stated briefly in the next four 
 sections, then worked out in de- 
 tail. 
 
 §§ 68 — 71. The requirements 
 of a good law are that it shotiJd 
 (1) be draivn shiqjhj and intclU- 
 gihly, (2) should not inescrihe 
 impossibilities, (.3) should alloto 
 no indulgence to icrong-doers. 
 If it is a feature of a popular 
 
 government that the laivs should 
 be lenient, that can only mean 
 that they should be lenient to 
 those about to be tried, not to 
 those who have been convicted. 
 Judged by this test, T.\s laio 
 offends on every point, and is 
 bad from heginning to end. 
 
 § 68. SeiKvveiv'] § 66 n. It 
 would take a good deal to per- 
 suade one that Demosth. could 
 have written NTNI 5ei/cNTNAI. 
 
 dlfj.ai 5ri wavras dv Vfxas] See 
 the various readings ; olfiac is 
 again as in § 53 the tacit cor- 
 rection of Dindorf. I prefer 
 ol/JLai 5t] Trdvras to olfxai drrav- 
 ras ; the insertion of 5tj has 
 in its favour, as Benseler re- 
 marks, the hiatus, the Scholiast, 
 and the usage of Isocrates in 
 similar passages, e.g. Antid. 
 § 79 olfiai. dij Trdvras dv o/xoXoyij- 
 aai. The Zurich editors in 
 striking out dv have carried de- 
 ference to 2 much too far : it is 
 clear that the transcribers of 
 this and some other MSS. omit- 
 ted dv as unnecessary, because 
 they hastily concluded that 
 ofioXoyrjcrai. went with deTv. Of 
 course the real construction is 
 SeTv yeypd(p6ai : ' I think, then 
 (di]), that you will admit that a 
 law ought to be drawn ' &c. 
 Madvig Advers. Crit. i. 174 n. 
 reads o/xoXoyrjaeiv, accepting the
 
 p. 723.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 145 
 
 opdw'i exovra vofxov koX avvolaeiv fxeWovra rS 
 TrXrjdei irpoirov fxev aTrXw? Kai wacn 'yvwpip.o)^ ye- 
 ypd(f)6ai, Kal yu?) rw /j,ev elvai ravrl irepl avrov vojxi- 
 ^€Lv, rw Se ravri. eTreir elvat 8vvaTa<; to,'; Trpd^ei^;, 
 a? Bel yiyvecrdaL 8id rov vofxov el yap av KoXco'i p,ev 
 exoi, firj hvvarov Be rt cj^pd^oi,, ev^rj's, ov po/xov 8ta- 
 
 69 irpaTTOiT av epyov. Trpo? Be Tovroif firjBei'l twv 
 aBcKOvvTcov (j>aluea6ac /jLTjBefMlav BcBovra paarcoprjv. 
 el yap B-qfMOTiKov ra vTrelXijcfie to 'Trpdov<; elvai tov<} 
 vop.ov<i, rial tovtol^ Trpoae^era^ero), Kavtrep opOoof; 
 /3ov\r)TaL (JKOTrelv, evp/jcrec roU Kplveadat pbeWovaLV, 
 ov ToU e^e\r)\€y/j.evoi<i- ev fu,ev yap rot? dBrjXov e'l 
 Tt<? ear aSiVo)? Bia^e/3\'r)fiepo<;, toU Be ovBe X6yo<i 
 
 70 Xenrerac to fii] ov 7rovT]poi<; elvai. tovtwv tolvvv wv 
 Cie^eXifXvd eyco rvv ovB^ oriovv ovro^ ^X^^ ^ vojjlo^ 
 (f)av7Ja-erai, rdvavrla B' e^rj^ Trdvra. iroXXaxodev 
 fiev ovv dv rL<i e^oc tovto BiBdaKeiv, fjbdXiara Be rov 723 
 vofiov avrov ov reOeiKe Bce^ioov. ecrrt yap ov to jxev 
 
 omission of av. But why not utos d>a fikv pgiaruvyju, d/j.a 5', ei 
 
 let well alone? rt y^voir', di^atpopdu : 'tried to 
 
 iracn yi>wpi//.us] Editions be- leave himself some way of light- 
 
 foreliekkerreadwithmostMSS. ening his labours and some 
 
 Traaiv o/xoiw -/vw/Aij.ws. Here resource in difficulties.' 
 
 the authority of ^ has been drjfxoTiKdv] §§ 34, ,59. 
 
 rightly followed in rejecting riVt tovtois Trpocre^eTajVTw] 
 
 an interpolation. Cf. Androt. 'let him further inquire to 
 
 § 13 n. whom' the laws are to be leni- 
 
 Kai /XT] T(f ixev dvai] ' it should ent : or ' in whose case,' ' bei 
 
 be impossible for one man to wem' Benseler ; rtVes ovtoi oh 
 
 put this construction upon it, Trpioi daiv, (t. H. Schaefer. 
 
 and another that.' K. § 70. rdvavrla 5' e^^^s Trwra] 
 
 bi.airf,a.TTOLT dv ilpyov]'\i would ' the opposite in every particu- 
 
 be trying to do the work.' oia- lar.' i^rji, ' in order,' refers to 
 
 irpdTTtceai is a favourite word the detailed proofs that not one 
 
 with Demosthenes : the active of the qualities of a good law 
 
 seems unknown to Attic prose. will be f(Hiii(l in it. 
 
 § GO. /iyo-Twi/Tj;/] ' indulgence, ■woWaxotJiu] = iro\\a.xri, fiom 
 
 alleviation.' So de Cor. p. 301 many points of view, and so in 
 
 § 219 of the shifty tucticsfif the many ways, ' auf vielfacher 
 
 orators vwi\r{.iri yap avTwv 'iKa- Art.' 
 
 W. D. 10
 
 146 
 
 RATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§70—72. 
 
 avTou Ka\co<i Kei/ievov, to Be '^fiaprrj/xevov, aXX 6X,09 
 ef apxV'i^ ^"^^ Tr;<? Trp(OTr]<i avWa/Si)'? /Jiexpi rrj'i reXev- 
 71 Taia<;, e^' ufMLV Kelrai. Xa^e 8' avroli; ttjv ypa(f)rjv 
 avTi]v, KoX fJi'^XP^ '^^^ TrpcoTOv fxepov^ avd'^vwdi top 
 vojjiov' pacTTa yap ovtco^ iyco re oioa^o) Kac vfiel^; 
 fjt,adr](Tead' d Xiyo). 
 
 NOMOS. 
 
 ['EttI Tr}<f Tlavhi,ovi8o<; TrpcoTr)^: irpvTaveia'i 8(0- 
 BeKciTT)'^, Twv 7rpoe8p(ov e7rey\r7'}<^L(Tev \\pL(TT0K\r}'=; 
 Myppivovaio^, Tt/io/c/Jar?;? etTre, Kal et tivl twv 6(p€L- 
 XovTcov Tftj 8j}fioal(p 7rpocrT€T[fj.7]Tac KUTa vo/xov ->] 
 KUTCi ylr7](}>ca/u,a 8eafiov rj to Xolttov TrpoaTLfirjdr], elvai 
 avToi r) dXXw virep eKeivov iyyvrjTCK; KaTuaTrjaac] 
 ^ dwdeKdrrj orn. Bens, rij^ irpuTaveias add. Bl. 
 
 i(p' vfuv KelraL] ' it is directed 
 against you, to your disadvan- 
 tage;' as in Aristocr. p. 665 
 § 137: a rather rare usage. 
 Joined to a dative of the per- 
 son iirl means mostly ' in the 
 power of,' as f(p' vfuv § 25, some- 
 times 'applying to,' as eTrt Trao-i 
 Tov oLvrbv % 18; otherwise ' with 
 a view to,' as iwl kuki^, or ' on 
 condition of anything, as eirl 
 TovTu, itp" d. Cf. Jelf, Synt. 
 § 634. 
 
 § 71. Xa/3e 5' avTo7s Trjv ypa- 
 (pr^vl For ainoh see § 27 n- tt]v 
 ypa4>y)v is simply ' the docu- 
 ment' (handing it) = t6i' vo/j-ov. 
 not as K. 'the indictment.' 
 
 irpwTTjs TrpvTaveias SioSeKdrrj] 
 In §§ 27, 39 TrpujTTjs, evOeKdrrj 
 (SudfKaTri) TTJs TrpvTaveias: where 
 see the notes. 
 
 tQv irpoibpwv . . . Muppti'oi/O'tos] 
 This clause is added here : the 
 rest of the 'law' is copied ex- 
 actly from § 39. As the deme 
 Miippn'oOs was of the presiding 
 tribe Pandionis, and the proedri 
 
 belonged to the nine nou-pre- 
 siding tribes (§ 21 n.), Meier in- 
 geniously conjectured that we 
 ought to read eK }ilvppivovTTrjs, 
 yivppLvovTTa being a deme of 
 the tribe Aegeis. (It is worth no- 
 ticing that Miippivovrra, equally 
 with Muppii'oPs, would naturally 
 form Mup|DiJ'oi7(Tios as its demotic 
 name: hence for the sake of 
 distinction e/c 'MvpptuovTTTjs was 
 used, as ik KepafjAwv, of Kepa- 
 yuei? or KepoyueiKos, to prevent 
 confusion with Kepa/xe^is a pot- 
 ter. ) For Proedri in a court of 
 Nomothetae, see § 33 n. 
 
 Supposing that he was right 
 in giving the form of a Pse- 
 phisma in the Ecclesia, the 
 law-compiler has at least hit 
 upon the correct form for the 
 date of this speech. Examples 
 both of the earlier and later 
 model are given in Diet. Antiq. 
 art. Ecclesia, i. 701 h: and the 
 earliest inscription in Boeckh, 
 in which the latter is followed, 
 is of B.C. 355.
 
 p. 723.] KATA TIMOKPATOT2. 
 
 147 
 
 72 'E7ri'(T;^e<?" avriKa yap KaO' eKaarov civayvuxrei'^. 
 tovtI TTCLVTOiv, w civSpe^ SiKacrrai, rcov yeypafifjuevcov 
 iv To5 vofxw a^^Bov iari heivorarov. ol/j,ai yap ovS' av 
 eV^ avdpwrrov'^ ciWov To\fiJ]aat, vofiov elac^epovr irnrl 
 
 * avwyvihffri Z Bl. cam lihris praeter fi, avayvwcrdri Bens. 
 ^ oxiSh/a Z, oi/d' iv' Bens. <^ auSpw-n-wf Bekk. Bl. dfdpwTrov cett. 
 
 §§ 72—76. Mischievous ef- 
 fects of a law which reopens 
 cases already decided, and so 
 introduces uncertainty into the 
 working of the judicial system. 
 What should 2ce think of a man 
 icho, after suffering the defend- 
 ant's law to be confirmed, should 
 propose a decree, not only that 
 no one should he hailed out in 
 future, hut that those who had 
 put in hail accurdinrj to that law 
 should he deprived of the benefit 
 of their bail ? Now in reality 
 retrospective remission of punish- 
 ment is just as bad as retrospect- 
 ive penal legislation (72 — 74). 
 What is the distinctive princi- 
 ple that makes constitutional 
 government differ from oli- 
 garchy ? Tlie supremacy of law, 
 not of individual wills. But 
 the defendant, legishiting while 
 our state is still democratic, gives 
 his own will a force above the 
 verdicts of juries (7-5, 70). 
 
 § 72. dva-yfibcTfi.] We should 
 rather expect dvayfiJoaeTai.: the 
 speaker as a rule addresses the 
 clerk only with the formal order 
 to 'read' or 'stop reading,' and 
 any explanatory remarks are 
 u.sually made to the court. As 
 a matter of fact this law is read 
 no further by the clerk, but is 
 quoted clause by clause and 
 analysed by the orator himself. 
 Schaefer's exjilanation, that the 
 orator carried away by the cur- 
 rent of his ideas (fcrvorc dicendi 
 abreptut) forgets himself, is ge- 
 
 nerally accepted. It does not 
 satisfy Benseler, who writes from 
 his own conjecture dvayvcoadrj : a 
 use of the subjunctive which I 
 confess myself unable to ex- 
 plain. 
 
 ot/xat 
 dWov] 
 variety 
 
 yap ovS dv eV dvOpuirov 
 There is considerable 
 of reading here. Din- 
 dorf alone writes on principle 
 olfxaL for o'iofiaL (§§ 53, 68) : Bek- 
 ker's dudpiviriov rests on a single 
 MS. 'coiTectus F.' For ov- 
 5iva of the best MSS. most 
 recent editors introduce the 
 more emphatic form : but Ben- 
 seler as the author of a treatise 
 on hiatus writes ovo' 'iv' dvdpu)- 
 TTov. Once for all, it may be as 
 well to state that Demosth. does 
 not avoid hiatus with the pe- 
 dantic care of an Isocrates : as 
 Prof. .Jebb puts it, ' he knew 
 how to hit the mean ' (A tt. Or. 
 ii. 07). Tiie very rare excep- 
 tions in Isocrates are enume- 
 rated in Sandys' note on Paneg. 
 §143. 
 
 I notice that five MSS. (not 
 Z) read fx-qdiva, in order to re- 
 mark that after verbs of think- 
 ing the negative is almost inva- 
 riably oii. Thispoint is touched 
 upon in my note on Plat. Pro- 
 tag. 317 A, where, however, as 
 in most grammars, it is not put 
 strongjv enough (Madvig, Synt. 
 § 2O0, Jelf, Synt. § 745). 
 
 ToXyu/jcrai] 'ever dared,' rather 
 than as K. 'would dare,' which 
 would require di>. 
 
 10—2
 
 148 
 
 RATA T1MOKPATOT2. [§§72—74. 
 
 To> y^pTjadai tov<; ttoXltu^ avTu>, Ta<i Kara rov^ irpore- 
 pov Kvplov<; v6fiov<; Kpiaet^ yeyevrifieva^; i'm')(^6cprjaac 
 Xveiv. rovTO roivvv ovroal TifioKparr}'; dvaiSw<; Kal 
 ovB^ d7roKpvylrdfxevo<; TreTTOLrjKe, jpd'^a^ SLapp)]Sr)v 
 "Kal ec rivi rwv 6cf)€L\.6vT(ov tw 8r)fi,0(TL(p irpoaTen- 
 IxT^rai Kara v6/jlov t] Kara ^p'7](f)lc^/J^,a Sea/jiov rj ro \oi- 
 73 TTov 7rpocrrifx,r]6r]." irepl fxev Sr/ rcov fieXkovroiv el ri 
 hiKaiov eireiaev vfid<;, ovk av ■^BcKer irepl 8' wv BtKa- 
 crri']pLov eyvcoKe Kal r€\o<; e'cr;3^7;/ce, ttoj? ov Seiva irotel 7^4 
 
 ouS' d.TTO/cpDt/'d/iei'os] 'not even 
 disguising it : without so much 
 as an attempt at concealment.' 
 dTOKpinrreadai. is far more com- 
 mon than the active forms : in 
 II. Aphob. p. 836 § 3 we find 
 OVK dwoKeKpvTTTai in the transi- 
 tive sense. 
 
 § 73. €T!-€i.<Tei'...7j5lKei.] lu 
 these conditional sentences, the 
 aor. ind. refers to past time, 
 the imperf. to present : ' if he 
 had persuaded you to a just 
 course with respect to future 
 cases, he would not (now) be in 
 the wrong.' 
 
 Kal TeXos ^a-xVKi] The full 
 construction here would be -n-epi 
 TOVTbiv a (ace.) diKaarrjpiov ^yvui- 
 KE Kal a (nom.) reXo^ ^axv^^- 
 This is not, therefore, simply 
 an instance of the rather rare 
 attraction of the nominative : 
 but after the usual attraction of 
 the ace. another relative has to 
 be supplied in the nom. case. 
 Examples of the attracted no- 
 minative are discussed in Jelf, 
 Synt. § 822, obs. 4, and in 
 Cope on Arist. Ehet. i. 5 § 11 oia 
 TO ix-qoev ^x^"' '^'' '^° yfjpas Xw- 
 /Sarai. Thus Herod, i. 78 oiibiv 
 k<j3 eiSores twv rjv irepi 2dp5ts re 
 Kal avTov Kpolaov. Instances of 
 attraction, if at all exceptional, 
 require careful discrimination 
 
 in order to classify them aright. 
 Each of the above-quoted au- 
 thorities gives corrected ex- 
 planations of doubtful or mis- 
 understood passages : neither 
 has entirely escaped error him- 
 self. Jelf cites as an attracted 
 nominative Xen. Hell. i. 2 § 1 
 rcj; o' dXXy 'iru y -qv '0\v/j.Tnds : 
 but he omits the following 
 words, fi irpoaTedelaa ^vviopls 
 iviKa Yivayopov 'HXeioii. It is 
 clear that 'OXi'yUTTids is not 
 Olympic year or Olympiad, but 
 Olympic games : and the mean- 
 ing is, "the new year, in which 
 was the 93rd Olympic contest, 
 wherein the 'additional' or 
 ' extra ' chariot of Evagoras was 
 victorious:" the sense of irpocr- 
 TeOelcra here is not given by 
 the lexicons. Cope also in- 
 stances Plat. Protag. 334 c iv 
 TOLiTOLs ols /xeXXet edecrdai as if 
 edeadai were passive, 'things 
 which are going to be eaten : ' 
 what is really noticeable is the 
 transition from the plural to 
 the singular, the subject of ^tA- 
 Xet being suj)plied from roh 
 dadfvovaiv above. These pas- 
 sages seem to me instructive 
 enough to be worth putting in 
 their true light, though at the 
 cost of a shght digression.
 
 p. 724.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 149 
 
 vofjiov €i(T(pepo}v 8i ov ravra XvO/jcrerai ; uxrirep av 
 el Ti<; idcra<i Kupiov rov tovtov yeveaOuL vofiov 
 ypd-^lretev erepov ToiovSe " kuI et tiv€<;, &)0X?7«ot€9 
 y^pi'^fiara kol Bea-fiov irpoaTeTifxrifxevov avTOi<i, iyyvT]- 
 Ta<; Karecnif)(Tav Kara rov vofiov, fxrj elvai ttjv Biey- 
 yvrjcrtv avTol'i, /MtjSe to Xolttov e^eyyvdv fMrjSeva." 
 74 aXX' ovTe ravra irou^jcreLev av ovSel'i vyiaivcov, olfxac, 
 (TV T eKelva \vwv -qZiKef^, XPV^ l^P civrov, el to 
 irpdyfi iuofii^e SUaiov, eVt toU varepov yevr]aofievoL<; 
 delvai Tov vofxov, Kal firj avvevey/covT eh ravro rd 
 /jbiXXovra roU TrapeXifKvdoa l Kal ra fxi-j 8fj\a Tol<; 
 
 lI}(p\r]K6T€S ... TrpO(rT€Tt.fir)/X€VOV 
 
 aiiTols] 'having beeu adjudged 
 debtors (Androt. § 34 it.) and 
 had the further penalty of im- 
 prisonment (in addition to pay- 
 ing the debt, g 2 n.) pronounced 
 against them.' 
 
 iLiyyv-qciLv ... i^iyyva,v'\ The 
 various derivatives from iyyvrj 
 are discussed in Meier and 
 Schoemann, Att. Process p. 
 521 ( = 710 Lipsius) : dieyyvrjais, it 
 is remarked, is much the same 
 as ^^eyyijr}<Tis (§ 77). 'E^eyyvdi^ 
 is 'to bail out, release on bail:' 
 Kareyyvai' ' to hold to bail. ' For 
 oi(yyinr)<TLV several MSS. read 
 (yyvTjaiv, which G. H. Schaefer 
 preferred but no editor has 
 adopted; indeed the simple 
 form dyyvri(Ti^ seems to occur 
 only in the sense of 'betrothal,' 
 for which see Schoemann, Ari- 
 liq. p. 3o(J, Androt. § 53 n. 
 
 § 74. ir/ia'ivwv] Here 'sane' 
 opposed to ixaivdnevos. More 
 usually = eJ (ppovwv, of good 
 sense or right judgment, as in 
 Fals. Leg. p. 131 S 281* = 331 
 ovbk (t>op(l fif 4>i\imroi, av tA 
 Trap' vtxQiv uytaivrj. In tlie Speech 
 on the Chersonese p. 'JH § 30 
 the orator plays on the two 
 
 senses of physical and mental 
 health : vnwi/ olkoi p.ev6vTijiv, cxo- 
 \t]v aybvTwv, iiyiaivbvTwv (ei or) 
 Tous TO. ToiavTa TToiouvTas vyiai- 
 veiv (pTiaaiev). Unless I am mis- 
 taken vyiaiveiv is not found, like 
 vyirjs, in a moral sense to ex- 
 press 'honesty' or, more often, 
 ' dishonesty ' {ovSev, /uLTjSev vyih). 
 (Tv...auT6v] Both pronouns of 
 course refer to Timocrates : an 
 unusually abrupt cban^'e from 
 the direct to the oblique. ' He 
 ought, if he thought the step 
 a just one, to have passed his 
 law in reference to the future: 
 not to have mixed up future 
 offences with the past, certain 
 with uncertain, and then pre- 
 scribe the same judgment for 
 all.' The fallacy of this argu- 
 ment has already been pointed 
 out on §§ 56 — 58. Modern legis- 
 lation, when it has once con- 
 cluded that a given penalty is 
 too severe, feels the equity of 
 mitigating sentences that are 
 running their course: Demosth. 
 argues as though any such miti- 
 gation were as bad as the rescind- 
 ing of contracts, and created 
 the same sense of insecurity. 
 Above, § 44 ;i.
 
 150 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§74—76. 
 
 <^avepol^ ahiKy'jixaaiv eir iirl Trdat ^pay\rat Tqv avrr^v 
 <yvco/jLt]v. 7rft)9 yap ov Setvov tmv avrSv rj^LcoKevaL 
 hiKaiwv rov<; i^eXi^Xey/J^evovf; dhiKovvTa^ tyjv ttoXiv 
 irporepov Kal rov^ /jltjB' el Kplcr€0)<; a^iov epyacrovrai 
 
 75 Kal ix-t-jv KnKeWev iSol rt? av co? Setvov ireiroLTjice 
 TO Oelvai irepl twv irapekrfkvdoTwv rov vo/mov, et, \o- 
 ylaatro Trap' avrw to ttot earXv (o vofxo^ 6\iyap')(^La<i 
 Biacpepet, Kal ri 8?; tto^' ol fiev viro vojxwv ede\ovTe<; 
 apxe(^(^cii (Tco<ppove(i Kal -^^prjarol'^ vofxi^ovrac, ol S 
 
 76 VTTO ru)V 6\iyap')(^coov avavhpoi Kal SovXoi. evpoi yap 
 av &)9 dX7}dco<i Tovro irpox^i-poraTOV, on roov fjuev iv 
 
 'i iroXiraL add. Z Bens. [woXiTai.] Bekk. 
 
 diKaii^v] 'rights,' rather than 
 as K. ' measure of justice.' The 
 orator would not argue that 
 they ought to have less than 
 justice. But he introduces a 
 further paralogism in order to 
 magnify the guilt of Timocra- 
 tes. On the one side he sets 
 ' those who have been iDreviously 
 convicted of crimes against the 
 state,' on the other, ' persons of 
 whom it is not yet known whe- 
 ther they will ever do anything 
 worthy of trial,' when they are, 
 ex hypothesi, in process of being 
 tried, though not yet convicted. 
 Demosth. has really a good case 
 in this speech, and he does not 
 improve it by the unfair i^oints 
 he tries to make. 
 
 § 75. ws beivov viTToirfKe] 
 'what a monstrous thing he 
 has done in giving his {top) law 
 a retrospective action.' 
 
 voixos 6\t.yapxi-o.s oi.a(p^p€i] Je- 
 rome Wolf, followed by Taylor, 
 wanted to read 6^/xos instead of 
 vd/xos, correctly no doubt as re- 
 gards the sense, but with a 
 strange want of perception of 
 
 Demosthenes' mode of ap- 
 proaching a jury. In this and the 
 next section, oXiyapxia. is three 
 times opposed to vo/xo^ or vo/xol, 
 once to iv dri/xoKpaTOVinivr] rrj 
 TToXet. The speaker is indi- 
 rectly, but in a way likely to 
 catch the favour of an Athenian 
 audience, begging the question 
 that constitutional government 
 is not to be had outside a de- 
 mocracy. In Livy ii. 1 the note 
 of the republic, as distinct from 
 the regal period, is defined as 
 ' iinperialegum potentiora quam 
 hominum:' Demosth. further 
 narrows the empire of law to a 
 democratic republic. 
 
 aucppovis Kal xpijcTTot] The 
 two words go to make up the 
 notion of 'law-abiding:' com- 
 pare note on p-erpios, Androt. § 
 '25. Benseler's ' verstandige brave 
 Leute,' though spn-ited, is not 
 very exact. For this sense of 
 XpijcTToj cf. Fals. Leg. p. 430 § 
 '277 = 315, e(p' Tj/jLiiTfiq. XPV<^'^^'' 
 'half honest.' Above, § 53, xp^?- 
 (Tt'os bears the more usual mean- 
 ing of 'kind.'
 
 p. 725.] KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. 
 
 151 
 
 Tat? o\i'yap')(^iaL<; eVacrro? /cat to. TreTrpayfxeva Xvcrai, 
 Kai Trepl tcov fj-eWovrcov a av avrS Boktj TrpoaTa^ai 
 Kvpt6<; iaTLV, ol he vofioi Trepl twv jxeXkovTcov a 'y^^prj 
 yLyvea-dat (ppd^ovcri, /xera rov Treia-ai T€6evT€<i &>? 
 (Tvvoiaovcn Tol<i '^pwfjievoi^. Tc/xoKpdrrj'i tolvvv ev 
 Sri/jLOKpaTOv/j-evr) rf) iroXei vu/noOerwv rrjv €k tt)? 6\i- 
 yap^ia^; dScKLav et? rov avrov vofiov fjLeryjvejKe, Kal 725 
 
 § 76. eKaaT0s...Kvpi.6s eunv] 
 ' every man has the right ; ' with 
 a tacit reference to the claims 
 of might.' Kennedy's note here 
 shows a clear perception of the 
 speaker's drift: — 'That is, there 
 is no law to prevent him. \Vhat 
 the orator says is not to be un- 
 derstood (as Schaefer thinks) of 
 the rulers only. Every man 
 has the right, if he can only en- 
 force it. By putting it in this 
 way the orator makes the con- 
 trast between oligarchy and de- 
 mocracy the more striking. In 
 the former there is no law, and 
 tiierefore no security either for 
 the past or the future.' 
 
 Athens was no doubt the best 
 governed state in Greece, and 
 the most on its guard against 
 oligarchical insolence: yet the 
 examples of Alcibiades, Midias, 
 and Conon (in Demosth. Or. 51) 
 show the spu-it of wild self- 
 assertion which was ever ready 
 to break out. The conduct of 
 the French nobility, towards 
 their inferiors ami among them- 
 selves, till quelled by the ' Grands 
 Jours ' in the early part of Louis 
 XIV. 's reign, affords a more 
 modern instance. The charac- 
 ters of Uodrigoand thelnnomi- 
 nato, in Manzoni's Promeimi 
 Sjioni, show that even the foreign 
 despotiHm of Spain failed to 
 check the 'prepotenza' of the 
 Lombard nobles in the seven- 
 teenth century. The upper 
 
 classes of England in the last 
 century were perhaps equally 
 insensible to any i^ublic opinion 
 but that of their own order 
 (Trevelyan's 'Early Life of Fox,' 
 passim): but they belonged to a 
 more law-abiding race. 
 
 /uerd Tov TreTcrai] 'being enact- 
 ed on condition of persuading 
 the people that they will benefit 
 those who live under them.' 
 It is easy to supply the object 
 of irelaai from rols xp^/x^cots: 
 in a free country the legislators 
 are identical with ol xpi^Mfo't 
 and no law can be carried with- 
 out persuading them : hence 
 /Herd, 'with,' expresses the in- 
 separable condition of all legis- 
 lation. Kennedy's ' under the 
 persuasion 'is rathermisleading. 
 
 iv SrjfxoKpaTOVfxivri tt) woKei] 
 Not 'in a democratical state,' 
 but ' while the state is consti- 
 tutionally governed,' § 56 n. 
 
 Tr)u tK T775 6\iyapxi-o.% a.5i.Kiav^ 
 As the opposite of iv drjfxoKp. rrj 
 iroXfL this may mean (1) defi- 
 nitely, ' the injustice inherited 
 from oligarchic times,' or (2) 
 generalising the artieh;, ' the ini- 
 quity naturally resulting from 
 oligarchies,' ' die Uebelstiinde 
 aus Oligarchien ' Benseler, or 
 (3) by a common (jreek idiom 
 be equivalent to tV rrj 6\iyap- 
 X/i? (G. H. Schaefer). Tlie first 
 of tiiese seems best suited to 
 the context.
 
 152 RATA TJMOKPATOTS. [% 76—78. 
 
 Trept T(t)v TrapeXifKvdoTwv avrov Kvpicarepov twv 
 KaraiyvovTcov SiKaarcoii rj^lwae iroirjcrai. 
 77 Kat ov TouTO fiovov TreTToiriKev vjBpicrTLKov, dWa 
 
 Kai ^eypairrai, rj to Xoittov edv tlvl Trpoari/jirjdrj 
 CecTfxov, eivat KaraaTi^cravTC Tov<i iiyyvr^Taf, rj /xyv 
 €KT€iaeiv, d(f)ela6ai,. Kalroi XPV^ avrov, el to Be- 
 Beadai Seivov rjjeiTO, /jLtjSevl irpoanp^dv 09 dv vp^lv 
 iy>yv7)Td<; KaBicnfi Secr/xou vo/xoderrjaai, jxrj irpoXa- 
 ^ovra KaT€jVQ}K6Ta<i vfMd<i rov heafibv ixrjh" ixOp^""? 
 Btaredevra 7rp6<i vfid^ rov ^XtOKora TTjviKavra Troielv 
 
 §§ 77, 78. A further element 
 of uncertainty introduced by the 
 defendant's law, and a further 
 proof of his insolence. Not 
 onhj icill causes already decided 
 be thrown into confusion, but 
 in future no one will knoio lulie- 
 ther the verdict of a jury may 
 not be set aside by the mere vote 
 of persons not on their oath. If 
 you, the jury, think that effect 
 ought to be given to your ver- 
 dicts, you must refuse your 
 sanction to this law. 
 
 § 77. yeypatTTai] This, the 
 reading of the best MSS., is now 
 universally accepted. The sense 
 is of course passive, 'a clause 
 is inserted.' The other reading 
 y^ypa(pfv is evidently a cor- 
 rection in order to avoid the 
 change of the subject. 
 
 /XTjdei'l ... i/o/xoder^aai] The 
 meaning is plain, but the order 
 of these words more involved 
 than is usual with Demosthe- 
 nes : xPV''---''ofJ-o0fTT)<TaL fXTidivl 
 irpQCTLfMv 5fcr/xov, 'he ought to 
 have carried a law to sentence 
 no one to imprisonment as a 
 further penalty,' i.e. to abolish 
 imprisonment in the case of 
 those who put in bail. 
 
 /XT] TTpoXa^ovTa] fir], according 
 
 to a frequent usage of dW oii, 
 Kai ov, dWa ij-t], kuI /jltj, marks 
 the divergence of two alterna- 
 tives, and may be translated 
 'instead of.' The past parti- 
 ciple followed by an adverb 
 (usually elra, here TTjviKaura) 
 like Lat. turn demum, expresses 
 a sharp contrast of time, 'then, 
 and not before.' We may trans- 
 late, then, 'instead of waiting 
 till you had passed the sentence 
 of imprisonment, and till the 
 person convicted had become 
 irritated against you, and after- 
 wards bailing out the accused.' 
 It is invidiously argued that 
 Timocrates, whose real motive 
 was simply to get his friends 
 out of a scrape, had deliberately 
 brought on his motion in a 
 form calculated to annoy and 
 humiliate the Athenian people 
 by ostentatiously i eversing their 
 decrees, and to make as much 
 mischief as possible by the un- 
 gracious way in which relief was 
 granted. 
 
 ijXuKOTa] The question be- 
 tween the forms iJ'Xwxa and 
 edXuKa is better left to the 
 MSS. rather than, as by Diu- 
 dorf, reduced to a uniform rule. 
 In the present speech MSS. and
 
 p. 725.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 153 
 
 Tr)v i^€yyvT]criv. vvvl h , wairep evheLKvv^evo<i on, 
 Kav vid.lv hoKfi BeSeaOuL riva, avT6<i d(f>7'](T6t, rovrov 
 78 Tov TpOTTOv rov vofiov elcn^vejKev. ap* ovv tw SoKel 
 av/jL(f)ep€Cv TT) TToXei TOiovTO<i i'6fio<i 09 SiKacrrripLou 
 yv(i}(T€a)<; avT6<i Kvptwrepo'i earat Koi rd'i viro tcov 
 o/xwfMOKOTcov jvcoaei'i toI<; av(i)fj,oTOL<i irpocrra^ei \veLv ; 
 iyco jjuev ovk olfxat. (^aiverai roivvv 6 rovrov v6fM0<i 
 TavT e)(^oop cificporepa. oxtt eiirep v/xoov eKacrTW 
 fjbiXei TL Tpj<; TTo\iTeia<; koI Selv oUrac Kvpiav elvai 
 
 editors give without variation 
 ri\u}Ka here and §§ 84, 105, 
 iaXuKa §§ 112, 137: Diudorf 
 alone corrects the two latter 
 passages. In some places the 
 -MSS. vary, or show correc- 
 tions : e.g. Fals. Leg. p. 397 
 § 179 = 198. Veitch s.v. dXt- 
 aKo/xai affords ample materials 
 for judging of the general Attic 
 usage. In Demosthenes, ac- 
 cording to Bekker and the Zu- 
 rich Editors, who follow the 
 MSS., eaXiOKa occurs more fre- 
 quently in the proportion of 
 about eighteen times to eight : 
 in the other Orators the same 
 form prevails exclusively. When 
 to this is added the fact, that 
 Thucydides and Plato write 
 uniformly idXuKa, it is irra- 
 tional to argue that rjXuiKa 'be- 
 longs to the stricter Atticism.' 
 Veitch well remarks that ' we 
 tjnd it most frequently in those 
 authors that are least shy of 
 an Ionic or a common form,' 
 instancing Herodotus and Xeno- 
 piion. The latter uses both 
 forms indiscriminately in the 
 same work, the Cyropaedia, and 
 thuscon tributes nothingtowards 
 the solution of the (juestion. 
 
 While on the subject of AXt- 
 (TKOfj-ai I may be allowed to ex- 
 press my surprise that no notice 
 
 has been taken of the singu- 
 larity of the long a in Aristoph. 
 
 Vesp. 355 ore Xct^os eaXw. Other 
 examples in verse show every- 
 where a : and rather than be- 
 lieve, on the strength of this 
 one passage, that the vowel is 
 really common, I think it much 
 more probable that Aristophanes 
 for once allowed himself to write 
 edWw, as it is now admitted he 
 wrote KvvoKf<pd\\u) in Eq. 416. 
 
 TTjvLKavTa] rjVLKa, WTjviKa ; ttj- 
 vLku are not simply 'when' and 
 ' then ' of time in general, but 
 strictly of the time of day only. 
 In Plato rr)viKdde is 'so early,' 
 Protag. 310 n, Crito 43 a : and 
 TrjviKauTa here might very well 
 be rendered by the familiar 
 English 'at that time of day,' 
 preserving the figurative expres- 
 sion. 
 
 § 78. 0at'j'eTai ... d/U^oVepa] 
 ' Both these consequences, it 
 is plain, are involved in the 
 defendant's law,' K. rightly. 
 Cf. Audrot. § 21 n. 
 
 dwep vfj.u>v (KdcTTtf) fj-iXei Tt] 
 ' If, as I assume to he the fact, 
 each one of you has some re- 
 gard for th(! constitution.' The 
 force of (LTTff) is well pointed 
 out bv H. W. 
 
 §§ "79—101. Effects of the 
 law of Timocrates on the fi-
 
 154 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOT2. [§§78—80. 
 
 T7]v avTov <yv(i)/u.r]v irepl wv av 6fi(i)/jiOKa><; \lrr](f)icr7]TaL, 
 XvTeo<; Kal ovk iareoii ovro<i'' 6 tolovto^; v6fj,o<i Kvpto'i 
 vvvl <yevea6aL. 
 
 ® add. ovTos Z Bens. Bl. cum 2. 
 
 uances of Athens. It ivill allow 
 the most absolute impunity to 
 defaulters (§§ 79— 90) ; in time 
 of tear it will render prompt 
 military action, for tchich ready 
 money is the first requisite, im- 
 possible, and so e7idan!jer both 
 the glory and the safety of the 
 state (§§91 — 95); even in time 
 of peace it will induce national 
 bankruptcy (§§ 96—101). These 
 three heads are again briefly 
 summarized in § 102, (i) toFs 
 adLKOvai. to, koivcl diducnv adeiav, 
 (ii) Tots vw^p rrjs TroXews arpa- 
 Ttas \vp,aiv€Tai., (iii) ttjc oloI- 
 Kr]<nv KaraXvei. 
 
 The frequent captiousness of 
 the speaker's arguments has 
 been already noticed (§§ 56, 74) : 
 and several passages in these 
 sections seem, at first sight, not 
 merely uncandid but nonsens- 
 ical. We can scarcely imagine 
 the lowest of Old Bailey advo- 
 cates or the most foolish of 
 platform orators resorting to 
 such transparent fallacies as 
 that of § 85, that by putting up 
 a succession of ' men of straw ' 
 the debtor might escape without 
 either paying or going to prison: 
 or that of § 88, that because 
 the law of Timocrates has pro- 
 vided no penalty for not offer- 
 ing bail, therefore a man has 
 only to omit doing so to es- 
 cape scot-free. ButDemosthenes 
 knew his audience : and he is 
 here approaching the Athe- 
 nians on their weak side. He 
 appeals not merely to their 
 chronic hunger for fines and 
 forfeitures, now at its height 
 
 owing to the impoverished state 
 of the exchequer (cf. Androt. 
 § 48 n.), but to their furious 
 jealousy of being overreached, 
 which was by no means incom- 
 patible with the secret resolve 
 of each man to defraud the 
 state if he could (Androt. § 48, 
 last note. Below, § 193). The 
 mental attitude of modern Ita- 
 lians towards the tax-gatherer 
 has been defined by a close 
 observer among their own coun- 
 trymen, Mr Gallenga, as 'Only 
 fools pay.' The Athenian shared 
 this feeling : and while he read 
 his neighbour's heart in his 
 own, determined that the grati- 
 fication of it should, so far as 
 possible, be confined to himself. 
 (On the low standard of honesty 
 among the Greeks, see Ma- 
 haffy's Social Life in Greece, 
 p. 122 ff. (ed. 3)': on the un- 
 scrupulousness of the Athenian 
 Demos as to the ways and means 
 of replenishing the treasury, 
 p. 399 n., where a strong passage 
 of Lysias, c. Nicom. § 22, is 
 quoted.) 
 
 A comi^arison of the earlier 
 with the later speeches will, I 
 think, support the conclusion 
 that Demosth. outgrew this 
 temptation to practise on the 
 gullibility of an Athenian jury 
 and try how much they would 
 swallow. The most glaring ex- 
 amples of unfairness occur in 
 these two speeches belonging to 
 an early stage of his career. At 
 thirty he had almost fully ma- 
 tured the powers which had 
 been called into such precocious
 
 p. 726.] KATA TIMOKPATOT2. 155 
 
 79 Ov roivvv diri-^prjaev avrat to. SiKaaTr/pi aKvpa 
 iroLrjaaL rwv TrpocrrL/jLrj/MdTCov, d\}C ou'S' a SiKac copi- 
 crar at^ro? ev tw vojxm koI Trpoaera^e ro2<i ux^XrjKO- 
 (Tiv, ovSe TavB" a7rX,&)9 ovhe d86\co<; (^avrjcrerat ye- 
 7pa0(w?, a\X' oi)9 av fidXiard ti<; v/xd^ i^airarrjcraL 
 Kal TrapaKpovcraaOac ^ou\o/j,evo<i. aKeyfraade yap 
 00^ yeypacpev. Ti/j,oKpdT7)<; elTre, (f)7](7[, Kal el' rtvc 
 roov 6(f)ei\6vT(ov rw hrjfxoalw 7rpocrreTifX't]Tai Kara 726 
 v6/J.ov i] Kara •^lrri(f)La/jLa Secrfiov rj to Xolttov irpoarc- 
 fJ.TjO'p, elvac avT(p rj dWw virep €K€lvou iyyvrjrd^i 
 KaraarrjaaL, ov<; dv BfjfMO^ 'X^eiporovTJcrT], ?; /j,rjv eKTei- 
 
 80 (TeLV. iv6v/j,el(T6' dTro rov SiKaaTTjpiov koI tt)^ Kara- 
 yv(oaeo)<i ol BieTrriStjaev. iirl rov hrjpbov, eKKXeTrrcov 
 rov r^hiKrjKora Kal rijp TrapdhoaLv avrov rrjv rol^ 
 evheKa. ri<i yap dp')(ri TrapaScoaei rov 6(f)\6vTa ; Tt<? 
 [rwv evBeKa^ * irapaXrj'^eraL ; KeXevovro^ fiev rov 
 
 * imcis incl. Bl. 
 
 exercise in his actions against deriiiining the jurisdiction of the 
 his guardians : at a later period, courts. And as he noichere di- 
 together with a mellower ripe- rects the debtor to he imprisoned 
 ness of intellect, we seem to dis- until he lias put in his bail, it 
 cern a higher sense of self-re- is clear that his only object was 
 spect, at least as regards the to ensure the escape of criminals 
 utterance of transparent falla- condemned in due course of laic. 
 cies. In the license of invective § 79. ws av...^ov\6^ievos'\ i.e. 
 pushed to the extreme of bad uis av ypdcpoi. TL%...^ov\6iJ.ivos,*&s 
 taste, his greatest speeches, the one would draw them who wish- 
 Embassy and the Crown, are ed to deceive and defraud you 
 unfortunately the worst offen- as much as possible.' 
 ders. That he could have been ei'... Trpoo-Ter^/UT/rat... ^...Trpoo-- 
 here deceived by his own argu- rifir^dri] §^5 3i) n., 93. 
 ment is not to be thought of: § 80. iKKXivTuv] 'stealing 
 like his enemy Midias, though away the guilty party' — 'rescu- 
 in another way, he 'indulges in ing liim by stealth' — 'and pro- 
 youthful insolence' d^ai/ieyerat, venting his delivery to the Ele- 
 p. .5-20 § 1«, p. 536 § 09). ven.' As 11. W. remarks, it is 
 §§ 79 — 81. Timorrates pro- almost impossible to express 
 vides that the utate debtor sen- iKKXitrrwu by one word as ap- 
 tenced to imprisonment may put itiieil to both its objects, tjSikjj- 
 in such hail as the people shall Kora and irapadocriv. 
 approve: thereby ruinously un-
 
 156 KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. [§§80—83. 
 
 vofiov TOVTOv €v TM 8r]fM(p KadiaTavat Toy? iy<yvrird<i, 
 aovvdrov S' ovto^ avOrj/xepov eKKXrjalav d/xa Koi 
 dcKaartjptov jeveaOai, ov8a/xov S' eTTiTaTTOvTO^ (f)v- 
 
 8 1 Xarreiv ea)?''' dv KaTaarrjarj roi)? iyyvTjrd^;. Kairot 
 TL TTor rjv 8i Trpocrypdyjrai aacf>(i)<i wicvrjae "rrjv 8' 
 (ipXVV rov o(^\ovra (pvXdrreiv eco<i av KaraaTrjar) 
 Toi'9 eyyvT)Td<;;" Trorep ovxl SUaiov ; ev olS" ore 
 7rdvT6<; av (fitjaacTe. aA,V ivavriov rjv rivl tovto 
 vofi(p ; ovK, aXkd fxovov Kara toi)? vofiov;. rl ttot 
 ovv rjv ; ov8ev dv dXXo rt<i evpoi irXrjv on ovx otto)? 
 hwaovat BUrjv wv dv vp,el<; Karayvcor eaKoireL, dXX' 
 bircof /jL7]. 
 
 82 Eixa TTftj? yeyparrTai /xerd ravra ; KaOio-rdvai 
 Tov<i €yyvr)Td<i ^ /jltjv eKTeiaeiv to dpyvptov w(f>X€v. 
 
 f Tou v6fj.ov om. Z Bens. Bl. cum S. [tovtov] B1. 
 8 u. § 63. T€ cjs 2, re ?ws Ar s, Wws ewr k. Ita § 81. 
 
 ddwdrov 5' oVros] For the 
 obvious reason that every Athe- 
 nian dicast must, as a fully pri- 
 vileged citizen, also have a vote 
 in the Ecclesia. 
 
 ov5a/j.ov 8' iTTiTdTTovTos] As 
 if bail were a new invention at 
 Athens, and had never been 
 heard of before the law of Ti- 
 mocrates ! Such shallow so- 
 phistry would be almost incre- 
 dible in a man of Demosthenes' 
 intellect and character but for 
 the reasons just alleged. 
 
 ?ws] See various readings, 
 and compare § 63 n. 
 
 § 81. Travres dv cpricraiTe] dv 
 is omitted in Dindorf's text, ap- 
 parently by a printer's error. 
 It is of course absolutely re- 
 quired by grammar. 
 
 Hovov Kara tous v6fJ.ovs] ' The 
 only legal clause' in Timocrates' 
 bill. 
 
 ibv dv vfxels KarayvCiTe] The 
 phrase 5i.5bvaL 5iK7)u nvhs is so 
 familiar that it may be as well 
 to point out that wv is mascu- 
 line and refers to the subject of 
 dujijovcn.: 'that those whom you 
 condemn should pay the pe- 
 nalty.' 
 
 §§ 82, 83. Another piece of 
 treachery in the wording of his 
 decree. By saying the money 
 instead of the legal penalty, and 
 which he was sentenced to pay 
 instead of which becomes due, 
 he deprives the treasury of all 
 the customary forfeitures for 
 overdue payments, viz. twofold 
 for civil purposes and tenfold for 
 religious. 
 
 § 82. yiypairTai] § 17 n. 
 Here of course passive: 'how is 
 it worded?' or as K. 'how does 
 it go on after that ? '
 
 p. 727.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 157 
 
 evravOl irdXtv twv /^ei^'' lepcov '^^prj/xdrcov t^iv SeKa- 
 irXaalav ix^rjprjTaL, twv S' octlwv, ottoct ev rw' vofxw 
 SnrXaaid^eTai, to '^fiicrv. 7rd}<i Brj rovro iroLel ; 
 ypdyfra^ dvTl fiev tov TLfxrjixaro<i to dpjvpiov, dvrl Be 
 83 TOV TO yiyvo/jLevov, co(f)Xev. hia^epei he tI ; el /xev 
 eypayjre KadiaTdvai Toix; eyyvrjTa'i rj firjv eKTelcreLV to 
 TifMrjfxa TO ytyvofievoi', 7rpoa7repieiXrj(j)ei tov^ po/jlov? 
 dv, Kad' ou? Ta /xev SeKUTrXd, Ta 8e kul 8c7rXd yiyve- 727 
 Tac TWV 6(f)XT]ixaT(ov' Sctt €K tovtcov Tjv dvdyKT] Toi'i 
 6(f)Xovai TO yeypa/jLfjLevov t eKTLvecv koX Td<i e'/c twv 
 vofjLcov Trpoaovaa<i ^7//zta? KaTa/3dXXeiv. vvv 8' eV^ 
 T(£> ypd-\}rai "ttjv KUTdaTaacv eivat tcov eyyurjTwv rj 
 firjv iKTeicreiv to dpyupiov cocfiXev" e'/c T179 Xrj^eoyi 
 Kai TWV ypafx/xdTCOv, e^' ot? €KaaT0<; el(Ty)-)(6ri, Troiet 
 TTjv CKTiaiv, ev oh irdaiv dirXovv, 6 rt? (ti(f)Xev, apyv- 
 piov yeypuTTTat. 
 
 '' fjiiv om. Z Bens, cum 2. ' r<^ om. Bens, ciun 2. 
 
 '' vvv 5' iv Z Bens. Bl. cum 2. vvv di cett. 
 
 avri ixiv TOV TifirjfiaTos ... 6 t6 yeypn/j./j.evov] 'the sum set 
 
 w(p\fv] ' Had the orator not down in the plaint or written 
 
 been led by the love of change charge,' €k t^s Xtj^cws Kai tQv 
 
 of construction so sought after ypafxfxdrwv i<p' oh eKaaros elarixOri 
 
 in Greek authors, he would have as it is explained below : opp. 
 
 written avri n^v ToO ' t6 Ti/xr)/xa.' to rb yiyvdfxevov, 'that which 
 
 Shilleto on F. L. p. 3yi § 159= accrues.' In the law as it 
 
 170. On this ' love of variety ' stands rd yeypdfxixevov was likely 
 
 see also Androt. § 36 n. Above, enough, according to the prac- 
 
 § 32 n. K. somewhat weakens tice in Athenian courts, to be 
 
 the force of the passage by trans- construed as including ro yiyvb- 
 
 lating 8 (i;0Xe throughout 'which ixivov. but it suit.s Deniostli. to 
 
 he owed:' it is really 'which he make the worst of every phrase 
 
 was adjudged to pay,' an 6ip\rifj.a in the obnoxious document. 
 not an 6(pfi\T})j.a, § 39 h. iv oh nacn.v...yiypaTrTai] ttS.- 
 
 § B3. TrpoffTTfputXriipti] §§ 44 erti' refers to the customary word- 
 
 n. , 20'.t. ing of such plaints: 'in which 
 
 rd/x^i' d(Kair\a, to. di KaldLTrXa] the simplo sum for which judg- 
 
 Explained § 111, tujv fj.iv d<Tio)v ment had been given is alwayn 
 
 Trjs oiwXaaias, Tuiv UpQiv oi rfj-i inserted.' Ho K. nearly. 
 SexaTrXaffioj.
 
 158 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§84—87. 
 
 04 Mera ravra roivvv TrjXtKovro irpdy^' dveXcov iv 
 TJ) T(ov prjfidrcov fieraOeaei Trpoaeypaylre "tov<; 8e 
 TrpoeSpovi iTTixecpoTovetv iirdvayKe'^, orav Tt9 Kadc- 
 (TTcwai ^ovXrjTaL," irapn ircivTa^ top vopuov olofxevo'i 
 8eiv (Toi^eiv rov T^SiKijKOTa koL top ev v/xlv rjXcoKora' 
 Sov<; yap orav ^ovXrjrai Trjv KardcrTaatv uvtm twv 
 eyyvrjTwv, eV eKeivw TreTrolrjKe p-tjSeTroT eKreZaat 
 
 85 p,rihe SeOrjvat. rt? yap ov TropLelrai. (pavXov^ dvOpoi- 
 770^9, 0U9 orav v/xel'i d-TTox^ipoTOvr^a-rir aTrrjWd^e- 
 rat™ ; eav yap tl^ cos ov Kadiardvra TOV<i eyyvr)Td<i 
 d^ioi BeBeadai, (()7}aec Kal KadnTTavac Kal KaTacrrrj- 
 
 ' nap' airavra Z Bens, cum 2. 
 " a-n-aXKa^ovrai Z Bens, cum 2Fv. aTraWd^eTai Bekk. Dind. v. not. 
 
 §§ 84, 85. By the clause that 
 'the Proedri shall be bound to 
 put the question to the vote,' he 
 has put it in the debtor's power 
 never to go to prison. He has 
 only to set up 'men of straw,' 
 and on their rejection by you to 
 declare that lie is 2}utting inbail 
 and means to put them in again, 
 and so on ad infinitum. 
 
 § 84. TT)\iKovTo wpdyfj-a dve- 
 Xihv] ' Well then, having clear- 
 ed so much out of the way by 
 the change in the wording, he 
 added a clause.' By writing 
 dvTi ixkv rov Ti/uLTipiaTos TO dpyv- 
 piov, &c. (§ 82) he had 'knocked 
 off' the twofold and tenfold pe- 
 nalties. For the sense of dve- 
 Xelu cf. Androt. § 20 n. 
 
 iTTixeipoTovelp fTrdvayKes] Sup- 
 posing the law to be in other 
 respects unobjectionable, this 
 provision might be necessary to 
 prevent its benevolent inten- 
 tions from being frustrated by 
 personal spite. But the speaker 
 evidently wishes his hearers to 
 confuse it with a restriction on 
 their right to reject the bail 
 
 tendered. 
 
 § 85. dTTTjWd^eTai] An easy 
 correction of Beiske's, ciTraXXd^e- 
 Tot, has been generally adopted : 
 most MSS. having diraWd^ere, 
 and the confusion of e and ai, 
 pronounced alike in post-clas- 
 sical times, being perpetual. The 
 Zurich edd. and Benseler fol- 
 low 2 in reading aTraWd^ovTaL 
 and refer it to (pavXovs dvdpih- 
 TTous: 'nothing happens to the 
 rejected bail.' Apart from the 
 harshness of the attraction of 
 the nominative (for at diraWd^- 
 ovTai) this sense appears much 
 less suitable. Cobet Nov. Led. 
 p. 243 restores the futurum 
 exactum dirrj\\d^eTa.L here and 
 in Lept. p. 465 § 28. 'Non 
 dwa.Wd^€TaL, id est aneLcnv, abi- 
 bit, sententia postulat, sed libe- 
 ratus erit id est dirrjWd^eTai.' 
 This is Blass's reading, and is 
 favoured by the perfect infini- 
 tives which follow, SeMadai. 'be 
 kept in custody,' dtpdadai rod 
 deap-ov, 'be and remain released,' 
 Comp. § 60 n.
 
 p. 728.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 159 
 
 creiv, Kal Sei^ei rov tovtov vofiov, 09 fcadiardvai /xev 
 OTav ^ovXrjTai KeXevei, <^v\drTeLv Se reo)? ov Xejei, 
 ov8\ av d7ro)(^€ipoTOV7]ar]d' vfielf Toy? eyyvTjTa^, irpoa- 
 TUTTei 8eBea6aL, dX\ (i)<i dX7]6(o<i wcnrep dXe^Kpap- 
 fiUKov i(TTL Tol<; d8iK€LV ^ ovXo jxev o L^ . 
 
 86 Tc5 he KaTaaTi]cravTL, (^rjai, tov<; iyyvrird'i, idif 
 aTroBtSai rr} TToXet to dpyvpcov e(j> w KaTearrjcre tou? 
 iyyvr)Td<;, d(^ela6ai rou 8ecrfj,ov". irnXiv ivravd' eVe- 
 fieivev eVi tov KaKovpyrj^aro^; o fiiKprn irporepov el- 
 TTOV, Kal ovK eireXadero, ovK eypa-yjre to Ttfnjfxa to 
 yiyvoixevov, dXXd to dpyvpiov cocpXev, edv dirohthoi), 
 dcpelaOai tov Secrfiov. 7^^ 
 
 87 'Edv he fjLTJ KaTajBaXr) Tapyvpiov rj auTO^ i) ol iy- 
 yvTjTal eVi rr;? ivaTTj^ irpVTaveia^, tov p,ev e^eyyvrj- 
 devTa BeBeadac, twv S' eyyvrjTcov hr^fioaiav elvai Trjv 
 ovaiav. ev 87) tw TeXevralw tovtw TrafreXw? avT6<i 
 avTov KaTr]yopo<i, &>? dSiKel, yeyovu><i (^avrjaeTat. ov 
 yap 6X(ii<; to SeBecrOac Tivd twv ttoXltwv ala')(^p6v rj 
 
 " i<l>' <J — Sea/wv om. Z Bens. Bl. cum ATfikrs et jir. 2. 
 
 <pv\dTTfi.v oi T^uis 01) Xf'7€t] biassed by witnesses or counsel. 
 
 The absurdity of this quibble is § 86. The objection already 
 
 pointed out by the old commen- urged in § 82 is repeated, 
 
 tator Jerome Wolf. As a sound no 5i (caracrr^crai'rt] For the 
 
 En(?lish lawyer, Kennedy ob- construction of the dative, § 40 
 
 serves: 'Assuming that, accord- n. 
 
 ing to the true construction of iwifinvev iirl tov KaKovpyijfjia- 
 
 the statute, bail might be offered ros] 'persisted in the artifice,' 
 
 more than once; still, after fail- as K. The mere repetition of 
 
 ing to justify bail, the party the words is treated as a fresh 
 
 would have to go to prison in offence. 
 
 the mean time, until he found § 87. His proposed remedy, 
 
 other bail.' imprisonment after the ninth 
 
 dXt^i'pdpiJMKoi'] 'a sovereign pnjtuny, and confiscating the 
 
 remedy, antidote.' So in Plato, property of the bail, is illusory, 
 
 Laws XII. 957 f, the written law and is meant to be. 'The bird 
 
 is, in the eye of the judge. dXe^i- ivill have flown. 
 
 <pdpnaKov rOiv dWuv \6'fwi>, pre- ivdrrji TTpvTaveias] §§ 15 n., 
 
 serving his mind from being 40 n.
 
 IGO KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§ 87—90. 
 
 Beivov vo/xi(7a<; aTrelire firj Belv, dWa tov Kaipov, ev 
 (o TOV TjStKijKOT evTjv TTapovTa Xa^elv, iKK\e^lra<=; 
 Tovvofia fi€v° T?}? TLixo3pLa<; eXiirev rot? aSiKOVfj^euoi'i 
 v/xlv, TO 8' epyov «</)etA,eTo. Kal Trap" okovtwv ehwKev 
 a(f)€cni' Tol<; ra vfjuerep a^iovcnv e'X^ecv /Bta, koI fxovov 
 ov TTpoaeypa-^e hiK-qv e^elvai \a-)(6lv avro) Kara rwv 
 OLKaaTwv ro)v TrpocxTCfjirjcrdvTCov tov Seafxov. 
 88 ' O oe, ttoWmv ovtcov Kal Seivwv wv iv tw vofico 
 TideiKe, fjidXiaT ci^tov eoT d'yavaKTrjaaL, ^ov\o/jLai 
 Trpo? v/jLd<; elireZv. Si 6\ov 'yap tov vofjuou tu> KaTa- 
 aTijaavTt tov^ 6771; 77x0,9 diravTa Xeyei, tS Se firj KaOi- 
 aTavTL firjTe ^ekTLOvi fi7]T€ -^ecpovi, fn]8^^ o\(o<i irpoa- 
 
 €)(^0VTi TOV VOVV V/XiP, OvhefXiaV 0VT€ SlKTJV 0VT€ TifXO)- 
 
 pcav irpoayeypaipev, aW' dhetav TreirolrjKe ToaavT'qv 
 b(T7]v olov re yeveaOat TrXeiaTTjv. Kal yap tov ypo- 
 
 " fxev om. Z cum pr. S. p fx-qd' libri. Illud e coni. Frankii. 
 
 (XTreiTre ju?) Seti'] 'he forbade in hail: therefore a man has 
 
 imprisonment.' § 57 n. only to do nothing, and take no 
 
 TOV Kaipov eKKXexpas] ' after notice of your decrees, to escape 
 
 robbing you, cheating you out scot-free. To sum up the objec- 
 
 of the (only) favourable oppor- tions to his law, it unsettles all 
 
 tunity. ' Cf. eKKXe-rrTwv, § 80 ;;. that has been done in the past: 
 
 Ti/j-upias] 'redress,' as K., i.e. it gives efficacy to the verdicts of 
 
 recouping themselves {n^wpeiv juries ivith one hand, and takes 
 
 eavTois) rather than punishing it away with the other: it re- 
 
 the offender {Ti/j-wpeiadai rbv stores the franchise to debtors 
 
 dbiKovvra). icho have not satisfied their ob- 
 
 wap' cLKOvTuv i5wK€v d.(j>eaiv] ligations. It places you, the 
 
 'granted a discharge /ro?rt you Athenian people, in a ridiculous 
 
 against your will:' vp^Giv sup- pjosition: Critias himself could 
 
 plied from v/xirepa. have done no worse. 
 
 fxovov Oil trpocriypa^e'] ^aWhut §88. ovre SLk7]v ovre TLHUiplav'\ 
 
 added a clause.' While he was 5iK7}v is here 'action,' 'way of 
 
 about it, he might as well have bringing him to justice,' not 
 
 done so: it would not have been ' penalty ' as K. 
 much more impudent. ^5eiaj'...7rXei(TT77i'] 'has created 
 
 §g 88 — 90. The orator winds the most complete impunity 
 up his objections under this that can be ' K., who adds: 'this 
 head with a climax, the most objection is more clearly cap- 
 sophistical of all. He has pro- tious than the former, which 
 vided no penalty for not putting fellunderWolf'sanimadversion.
 
 p. 729.] KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. 161 
 
 vov ov SLcopiae, rrjv ivaTrjv irpvTaveiav, tm Karaa-rrj- 
 89 aavTL \eyei tov<; iyyvTjrd^;. yvoir] S' av Ti? eKeWev 
 Trpoae'ypa-\^e 8r]/j,oaiav elvai Ti]v ovaiav rrjv tqjv ey- 
 yuTjTwv, av /jltj rt? eKTelarj- rov Se /i?) Karaa-Trjcrav- 
 TO<i nvK evt hrjirovdev virap-^eLv iyyvr)Td<i. Koi TOC<i 
 
 fiev 7rp06BpOt<i, 01 K€K\T]pQ)/16V0L KaOl^OVCTLV i^ VfJLWV, 
 
 eirdvayKe^ eTroLTjaev, orav KadtcrTTJ Ti<i, he')(^ea6ar rol'^ 
 8' uSiKovat rrjv ttoXiv ovSe/xiav Trpocreypayp-ev dvciy- 
 Krjv, cOOC wa-irep €V€py€rai<i a'lpeaiv avrol<^ ehwKev el 7^9 
 ^p>; Sovvac Blktjv rj /jLtj. 
 9^ KatTot TTftj? av aaufMcpopcorepo'i iifilv tovtov ye- 
 voLTo vofjLo^ rj KciKiov e^j^wv ,' 09 Trpdorov fiev irepl rcov 
 CK Tov irapeXrfkvdoTO'; ■)(^p6vov KpiOevrcov ivavria toi<; 
 v(f> vfiwv iyva>a/j,evoi<; TrpocTTdrTei, hevrepov Be irepl 
 Twv fxeWovTcov Kpi6t](recrdaL Trpoarifidv KeXevcov TOv<i 
 BiKacrTCK; tov<; 6fi(o/jLOK6Ta<i ccKvpa rd Trpoari/MTjfxaTa 
 TTOLel, Trpo? Be Touroi<; e7riTC/j,ov<; toj)? 6(j)6LXovTa<; ov 
 rd 7rpoai']KovTa eKrivovra^ KaOiarrjcrLV, oA,w9 8' eVi- 
 BeLKVvcTL fidrrjv ofxvvvra^, Ti/jiU)iTa<;, BiKnl^ovTa^, 6pyi~ 
 ^o/j,evov<;, diravTa 7rotovvTa<i v/xd<;. eyoi fxev ydp, el 
 KpiTia^ yev6fjLevo<; rcov rpidKOvr elae<pepe tov v6- 
 fj.ov, ovK dv dXXov TpoTTOv olfiac ypdyfravT elaeveyKelv 
 
 Tj TOVTOV. 
 
 For surely a man who had never to suggest that the people's 
 
 otfered bail would not have the rights arc being invaded, 
 
 benelit nf the statute of Tinio- § 90. iiriOilKwcn fidTrju 6/j.- 
 
 crates, but would remain sub- vwras] K.'s rendering of these 
 
 ject to the old law.' participles is worth the attention 
 
 § 8'.). ol K€K\i)pii}iiivoL Kadi- of the student; 'exhibits you 
 
 '(ovciv i^ iinwv] ' who sit as cho- as persons whose oaths, whose 
 
 sen by lot from among you;' assessments, whose verdicts, 
 
 the jury (iW'^s) are treated as a whose punishments, all of whose 
 
 fraction of the j)eople, as in acts are ineffectual.' 
 
 §§ 11, 2'j. On the mode of no- 6 yfvdixevos twi> TpLdKovTa] The 
 
 minating the proedri see § 21 /(. Thirty are named in §^5 12, 50- 
 
 5ix^<^(^"-^] Artfully substituted 7, alluded to in § 70: where see 
 
 for ^7r»x«'poToi'<<i' (§ 84) in order notes. 
 
 W. D. ] 1
 
 162 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§91—95. 
 
 Qi "Ort roivvv '6Xr]v avy^^^el rrjv TroXireiav kul Kara- 
 \vei ircLvra ra TrpdyfxaO' 6 v6fio<i, koI iroWa^; (f)i\oTi- 
 fiLa<; TrepiaLpetTat, r?;? TroXeo)?, Kal rovro paStw? u/io? 
 vo/Lii^Qi fxadija-ea-dat. taTe yap St'/ttov Tovd\ on (rw^e- 
 rai TToAA-a/ct? r)fi,wv r) TroXi? Sia ra^ <TTpaT€ia<i Kai 
 Ta<i vavTiKa'i Kal ra? Tre^a?, kuI TToXXa Kai Ka\a 
 TToWcLKi'i i]8r) hteirpd^aade Kal awcravTe'i Tiva<i kul 
 
 92 TLp,(t)pr]adfievoi, Kal St,aWd^avTe<;. ttw? ovv ; dva^^Kr) 
 rd TOLavra'^ hiOLKelv iarl Bed ■yfrT](f)iaijLdTcov Kal vofMCOV 
 ToU fiev ela^epeiv i7nTdrT0VTa<;, toi)? Be rpcrjpap'X^elv 
 KeX€uovTa<i, rov<; Be irXeiv, rov<i 8' eKacna iroLeiv cdv 
 Bel. ovKovv ravd' ottco? ylyvrjTaL, BiKacrrrjpia ttXt]- 
 povre Kal KaTayiyvcoaKere Bea/jLOV t^v aKoafxovvrwv. 
 (TKeylraaOe Brj rov rod KaXov KayaOov rovrov vofiov, 
 
 1 ravra Bl. cum Tii krs. 
 
 §§91—95. This law deranges 
 our whole political system, espe- 
 cially in time of loar: and robs 
 Athens of her most cherished 
 disti7ictio)is. Our imperial posi- 
 tion depends upon prompt ttiili- 
 tary action, and that again upon 
 the poicer of the State to enforce 
 i?istant obedience to its demands, 
 whether for personal service or 
 icar-taxes. Neither our allies, 
 our enemies, nor the occasions of 
 war will ivait for such leisurely 
 preparation as ivill alone be pos- 
 sible, when no one need pay any- 
 thing till the last month of the 
 year. We may think ourselves 
 lucky, if ichile all goes luell and 
 we are weighted by no such ab- 
 surd enactment, we are never 
 behindhand with our enemies. 
 The extreme penalty of the law 
 would not be too great for the 
 author of such a decree. 
 
 § 91. (piXoTi/jiias] Androt. 
 §§ 73 n., 75. 
 
 cTT-pareias] Many MSS., but 
 
 not the best, read (TTparias as in 
 § 93. It is a well-known rule 
 that (TTpaTia sometimes = (7Tpa- 
 reia, but crrpaTela never = ffTpa- 
 TLo.. In the latter passage there 
 does not appear to be any vari- 
 ety of reading. 
 
 KOI awaafres TLvai] ' either in 
 rescuing people or punishing or 
 mediating.' K. 
 
 § 92. dioiKeiv] 'administer, 
 carry out,' with especial refer- 
 ence to financial arrangements : 
 see § 27 n., § 93. 
 
 eia(pipeiv] In the technical 
 sense of property tax: Androt. 
 § 61 n. 
 
 diKaarrjpia irXripovre] Like 
 Tr\7]povv vavv ' to man a ship,' 
 this means 'to impanel juries,' 
 not to fill the courts with de- 
 fendants. 
 
 cLKoa/jLovvTiov] ' refractory. ' 
 ' Widerhaarigen,' Benseler. 
 
 KaXov Kdyadov] Androt. § 32 
 n., § 47 n. — Xv/j-aiverai., §§ 95, 
 102.
 
 730.] 
 
 KATA TBIOKPATOTS. 
 
 163 
 
 93 ct>9 XvfxalveTai ravra Kal Stacpdelpet. jeypaTrrat 
 yap SyjTTov [eV tw vofiw avroii], Kal et Tivt rwv 6(j)ei- 730 
 XovTCOV 7rpoaT€TLfn]Tai, Secrfiov rj Kal to Xolttov rrpoa- 
 TLfMrjOfi, eivai KaracrTrjaavTi, e'yyv7)Td<;, i) nrjv eirl rrj'^ 
 ivdrri<i TTpvraveLa<; eKTeiaeiv to dpyvpLov, d^elaOat 
 Tov Sea/xov. rt? ovv 7r6po<; eaTat ; tlv dTroaTaXi]- 
 aeTai Tpoirov rj CTTpaTid ; ttcS^ Ta-^prj/j.aTa elcnrpd^o- 
 ^lev^, edv eKUdTO^ 6(f)\taKdv(ov" €yyvriTd<i KaOiaTf} 
 KaTa TOV TovTov vofiov, dWd /j,rj to irpoarjKov Troifj ; 
 
 94 epovfiev vr] ^la Tot's "EiXXrjac " Tt/jLOKpdTov<; v6/j,o<i 
 " icTTl Trap" rjfxiv avap,eivaT ovv ttjv evdTrjv TrpuTa- 
 " veiav eiTa tot'' e^ip^ev" tovto yap Xolttov. dv 8' 
 virep rjfidov^ avTwv dfivvecrOaL 8erj, dpd y o'lecrOe tov<; 
 e'^^pof? Taii Twv Trap rjpZv Trovrjpciov 8iaSvcreL<s Kal 
 KaKOvpyla^ dvap.evelv ; rj T-qv ttoXlv, avTrjv e/j,7roSi^ov- 
 Ta<; vo/MOVi el drjaeTah Kal TavavTta tcov au/u.(f)ep6v- 
 Tcov XeyovTa<i, hvvr}crea6ai tc irocrjaac twv SeovTcov ; 
 
 95 dXX^ dyaTTTjTov, (w dv8pe<i W07]valot, el irdvTwv KaXdo^i 
 e-)^6vTo}v i^fiiv, Kal /jirj8evo<; 6vTo<i tolovtov vofMov, 
 KpaTolfiev Tcvv e')(^dp(av Kal Tal<^ o^vTrjcn SvvalfMeda 
 
 "■ fiffirpd^ufj.ev Bens, cum 2. ' elrd ttot' Z Bens, cum S. 
 
 ' rtixwv Z Bekk. Bens, cum SFTfiv. v/xdiv cett. 
 
 §93. (i...TrpocfTfTifj.rjTai...Tj.., 
 TrpoffTi/xriey] §§ 39 n., 79. 
 
 TCI xfiVfJ-O-TO. eicnrpd^o/j.fv'] An- 
 drot. § 00. 
 
 dXXA /U7J t6 TrpoffffKov ttoltj] ' in- 
 stead of doinf,' hi.s dutv.' § 77 n. 
 
 § 94. (Ira rdr ^^i'fifi'] The 
 reconditior lectio of 2, the Zu- 
 rich editors and Benneler, drd 
 ttot' (iifjiiv, is not improbably 
 riglit, though against ail the 
 other MSS. 
 
 v^lC}v] The evidence clearly 
 preponderates in favour of ^- 
 /idi;', which I now adopt. 
 
 dvafiivdv] The future is re- 
 
 quired, and is adopted by all 
 modern Edd. Bekker says ' Li- 
 bri dva/j.^veLv : ' but Benseler 
 and the Zurich editors cite the 
 true reading as in ' 2 corr. : ' as 
 does Dindorf, Praef. p. xliii. 
 
 § 95. rah d^vT-riai.] Like /cat- 
 pots, this is evidently to be taken 
 with aKokovddv : ' keep pace with 
 sudden emergencies,' as K. He 
 notices, however, that the French 
 translator Auger took it as an 
 instrumental dative : ' par la 
 promptitude de uos pr6para- 
 tifs.' 
 
 11—2
 
 164f 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§ 95—97 
 
 Koi Tot? Tov TToXefiov Kacpoi<; uKoXovOelv Kal /xrjSevos 
 vcTTepL^eiv. aWa firjv el (paivec tolovtov TcdeiKOis 
 vofiov, 0? rd TOiavra XvfMalverai Bi' dtv rj ttoA-i? koX 
 aefivrj Kal Xafiirpd irapd Trdcri KadecrTijKe, Trdo'; ov-^l 
 BtKa[o)<i OTLovv dv 7rd6oi<i ; 
 96 "Ext Tolvvv, u) dv8pe<i ^Adrjvatoi, ttjv Slolktjctlu 
 dvatpet, Tt]v & lepdv Kal rt/v ocriav. (w? Se, iyo) 
 (f)pdcrQ). ecTTLv iipuv Kvpio<; vofxa^i, Ka\(i)<; elnrep Ti? 
 Kal dWo<; Keifievo^;, tov^; €)(OVTa^ rd re lepd Kal rd 
 ocria ')(p7]/j,aTa KarajBdWetv et? ro ^ovXevTtjpiov, el 
 
 ^aiv£L — TedeiKws] ' you are 
 seen to have passed,' not ' you 
 appear.' So IBeuseler, rightly. 
 Cf. Androt. § 21 n. 
 
 (xefxvri Kal \afj,irpa....KafficrTriKe] 
 ' has become respected and ho- 
 noured:"geachtetundberuhmt,' 
 Benseler. 
 
 §§ 96—101. Once more, the 
 law of Timocrates ruins {not 
 vierely our imperial policy, but) 
 our whole finances, both sacred 
 and civil. The ordinary reve- 
 nues derived from taxes do not 
 suffice : ice must look sharply to 
 the so-called ' extra payments.' 
 These are noio enforced by the 
 summary process applied to the 
 farmers of the revenue, i.e. by 
 imprisonment : if this icholesome 
 pressure be removed, as it is by 
 your laiv, accumidated deficits, 
 bankruptcy ,anddissolution stare 
 us in the face. I suppose you 
 think THE PEOPLE, the senate 
 and the courts can go unpaid; 
 but you took pay yourself for 
 proposing this laic. You did not 
 venture to disturb the existing 
 enactments as regards farmers 
 of taxes : you ought at least to 
 have added a clause providing 
 that debts from other defaulters, 
 now recovered under those laics, 
 
 should continue to be so recover- 
 ed. But this is precisely what, 
 to serve your friends, you did 
 not do : and the consequences are 
 &c. &c. [The repetition here 
 becomes somewhat wearisome.] 
 
 § 06. 'ianv VfXlV KVpLOS...K€i- 
 
 fjLevos] ' You have a law in force, 
 and a good one too, if ever there 
 was one such : ' ' there is no 
 better existing ' is K.'s less lite- 
 ral rendering. Comp. above, 
 § 4, eiirep rivl tovto Kal dWip 
 TTpocnjKdvTws (tprfai, vo/j.i^w Ka/jLol 
 vvv dpfidrreiv tiTrelv. Jelf, § 895. . 
 2. 
 
 roi)s 'ixovTa% to. re lepa Kal rd 
 Scrta] The class of public debt- 
 ors, to which Androtion and 
 his associates belonged, is here 
 distinguished from two other 
 classes. A man could not be 
 imprisoned merely for being in 
 arrear (v-n-eprj/xepoi) with taxes, 
 even with the elacpopa or extra- 
 ordinary contribution (Boeckh, 
 P. £. p. 386 = Sthh.^i. 456). Here 
 the principle was laid down, that 
 his property and not his person 
 was responsible: though, as the 
 notes to the next section will 
 show, the practice in bad times 
 was not quite on a level with 
 the theory. The legal reme-
 
 p. 731.] RATA TIM0KPAT0T2. 
 
 16.: 
 
 Be /XT], TTjv /3ov\r]V avTOV<; elcnrpaTreiv ■)(^po}fjL6vr]v Toi<; 
 97 vofioi,<; Tot? Te\(0i'iK0t<i. Std roivvv rov v6/xov tovtov 
 OLoiKetrai to. kocvcl- to. yap eh Td<; iKK\rj(Tia<i Koi 731 
 TWi dvaia^ fcal rrjv j3ov\r)v Kal rov'i tTTTrea? Kal 
 TaWa ■)^p7]fxaT dvaXicTKOfieva, ovt6<; icrd^ 6 vofio^ 6 
 TToicoi' TTpocrevTropelcrOat. ov yap 6i>t(ov iKavwv rcov 
 
 dies were to to. x'^P'-"- or^jj-evuv 
 Kal Tas otVtaj Kal raPr' aTroypd- 
 (peiv (Androt. §§ 54^5) : and it 
 was made a charge against An- 
 drotion on the former occasion 
 that, having undertaken the 
 collection of arrears for tlie 
 state, he dragged men off to 
 prison, which was illegal even 
 in the case of resident aliens 
 (iSeLs Kal v^pi^es TroX/ras avOpili- 
 TTOv% Kal Tovs Ta\anrwpovi /xeroi- 
 Kovs, ibid.): apart from the fact 
 that in many instances nothing 
 was really due, and liis conduct 
 was wantonly oppressive and 
 extortionate (ib. g§ 56 — 58). 
 Another and much more strin- 
 gent rule was applied to all who 
 were directly concerned in the 
 collection of taxes, the classes 
 enumerated in §§ 40, 144 of the 
 pre.sent speech : these, as the 
 senate-house was the place 
 where their payments were 
 made, the moment they fell 
 into arrear might be imprisoned 
 at the discretion of the senate 
 (Boeckh. P. K. pp. 3.^8, .^40 = 
 SthU:-^ i. 400 ff.). Androtion and 
 his colleagues in the embassy 
 were not reXaJcai, but they held 
 in their liands puljlic balances 
 for which they had not ac- 
 counted, viz. the prize-money 
 from the sale of the condemned 
 ship : as such they came under 
 the vbfioi. T(\uviKol, and were 
 liable to imprisonment until 
 Timocrates passed his privile- 
 gium in their favour. 
 
 Toh vofiOis ToU TeXwviKoU] 
 Loosely rendered in Boeckh (I.e. 
 p. 337) 'laws of the custom du- 
 ties," and in L. and S. ' the ex- 
 cise and custom laws : ' much 
 more accurately by the English 
 and German translators, ' the 
 statutes which relate to the 
 farmers of taxes,' 'den Gesetz- 
 en iiber die Zollpachter.' They 
 were not -rrtpi rd reXr], but irepl 
 Tovs reXuivas : smuggling, for in- 
 stance, though punished se- 
 verely and capriciously, would 
 not come under the c6/not reXoj- 
 VLKol, though connivance at 
 smuggling on the part of a re- 
 Xuivris doubtless might. One of 
 their j^rincipal provisions was 
 that of the senator's oath in 
 g 144 with regard to the impri- 
 sonment of persons connected 
 with the revenue. 
 
 § 97. Toivw] Exactly our 
 ' Well then,' at the beginning 
 of a sentence ; a connecting par- 
 ticle with the slightest possible 
 shade of inferential meaning. 
 
 wpocreviropucrdai.] The com- 
 mon reading wpotvir. rests only 
 on inferior MSS. and is not re- 
 quired : ' more fully provided ' 
 yields just as good a sense as 
 'provided beforeliand.' On «u- 
 TTopfLv and its compounds cf. 
 Sandys on pro Phorni. p. 962 
 § .'■'7. 
 
 ov yiip ovTwv iKavui'] The 
 ' chronic deficits ' of the period, 
 especially during the Social 
 War, have been already noticed
 
 166 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§97-101. 
 
 e/c Toov reXtov y^prifxaTcov rrj hioLKrjcrei, ra TrpoaKura- 
 ^XyjfMUT opofjba^ofjieva Bia rhv rov vo/xov rovrov 
 
 g8 <j)6l3oi> Kara/3dX\eTac. ttco? ovv ov')^ airavT avd^Krj 
 KUTaXvOijuac rd tt}? TroXew?, orau al jjbev toov reXcov 
 Kara^oXal firj LKaval c5o-t" Ty hioiKi^aei, dXX' ivSey 
 ■noXXdop, Kal /JbijSe ravra ciXX' rj irepl Xi^yovra 
 TOP iviavTov fj Xa^elv, rd Be irpocTKara^Xi^fxaTa 
 TOu<i fir) Ti6€VTa<i firj Kvpia y^ r) ^ovXr) fxySe ra 
 ScKaarypta hrjaau, dXXd KadLardoaLV iyyvrjrd'i dxpi' 
 
 99 T?}? €vdT7]<; irpvTavela'i ; Td<i S oktco tl 7roir]ao/j,ev ; 
 eliri, TcfjiOKparet;- ov avptfiev Kal jBovXevcrofieOa, eav tl 
 
 " [wcTi] Bens. Cxj^ iKaval Bl. 
 '^ Tj Kvpia delv oin. dija-ai Bl. cum ks. 
 
 (Androt. § 48 n. ; above, § 79 n.): 
 and the hungriness of the ex- 
 chequer at such times showed 
 itself in very unscrupulous pro- 
 ceedings. Thus, traps were laid 
 for the resident aliens in order 
 to bring them under the law 
 (Boeckh, P. E. p. '6U = Hthh.^ i. 
 466) : steps were taken, through 
 the courts, to transfer men from 
 the more favoured to the less 
 favoured categories — to convert 
 an 6(pii\(av or vTreprj/ufpos into an 
 6(p\uii> (Androt. § 34 /(. ; above, 
 §§ 39, 50), and then to exact 
 forfeitures, such as those de- 
 scribed in § 82 : informations 
 and prosecutions which might 
 be purely malicious were en- 
 couraged (Lys. c. Nicom. § 22). 
 This brings us to 
 
 TO. ■wpoffKaTa^X-qtxar'' 6vo/j.a^6- 
 fxeva] 'the so-called extra pay- 
 ments :' doubtless a euphemism 
 for the fines and forfeitures just 
 noticed. It is even possible 
 that Demosth. in his use of ofo- 
 fia^6/J.eva is mdulging in a little 
 grim humour at the expense of 
 the ' peculiar institutions ' by 
 
 which the state ' conveyed ' the 
 property of individuals into the 
 public chest. The earlier wri- 
 ters were perplexed by these 
 7rpo(r/cara/3\7?/uaTa, here clearly 
 distinguished from ai twv reXwv 
 KaTa(3oXal in the next §. Even 
 Boeckh professes himself unable 
 to explain why they should be 
 called ' additional ' (I.e. pp. 343 
 — 4). The explanation given is 
 that of A. Schaefer (Demo- 
 sthenes, i. 342) adopted also by 
 Schoemann {Antiq. p. 4.51 n.) 
 and by Mr Whiston in an ex- 
 cursus on the present passage. 
 
 § 98. ivbiri iroWwv] ' Scil. 
 7] SioLKricns,' R. W. Eeally, of 
 course, ttj BioiK-rjcreL, if the sub- 
 ject of an impersonal verb needs 
 to be expressed : ' when there is 
 a large deficit, which cannot be 
 made up till towards the close 
 of the year, and the senate and 
 courts are not authorised to 
 imprison those who do not pay 
 up the fines which have ac- 
 crued'... So K. nearly. 
 
 § 99. ou avvificp Kal ^ovXev- 
 (rofj-eda] ' Shall we cease to
 
 p. 732.] KATA TLMOKPATOTS. 167 
 
 Ber) ; e'lT €Ti BrjfiOKparTjcrofieda ; ov SiKaaet ra BiKa- 
 arrjpia rd r I'Sta' Kal to, hrjixocrta ; Koi ri^ virdp^et 
 T0t9 d8iKov/J.evoi<; da(f)dXeia ; ovk eccreicriv rj /SovXrj 
 Kol 8ioiK7](Tei rd 6k ru)v vo/jLoyv ; Kal tl Xolttov ead' 
 rj/jLiv dXX' rj KaTokeXvadai ; dWd vr) At", dfiiadl^ 
 ravTa TroLrjarofjLev ; Kal ttcu? ov Betvov, el Bed top 
 vofiov, ov av TeOeiKa^ ixiaOov \aj3oiv, dfita-6o<; 6 Bt]/j,o^ 
 
 lOO Kal T) ySouA-j; Kal rd BiKaarrjpi' 'iarai ; XPW 7^P 
 TovTo ye ere, co TifMOKpaTei?, 7rpocrypd-\{rai tw vojxw, 
 oirep CTTOtet? Kard rwv reXcovcov Kal tcou eyyvrjrwv^, 
 " Kat, et Kara tlvcov ev dWw rivl vofMw i) yjrrjipla/xaTt 
 " Td<i avTd<; el'prjrai irpd^ei'; u)v 6(f)eiXovacv elvai, d<; 
 " irepl TQjv reXfovwv, Kal Kard tovtoov elvac rdf 
 
 loi "Trpd^eis Kard Tov<i inrdp-^ovTa^ v6/j.ov^." vvv Be kvkXw y'^2 
 (pevytov Toi/? v6fiov<; rov^ reXcoviKOv^, ore to yfr7](f)i(r/xa 
 TO KvKTr]fMovo<; elprjKe TrpdrTeiv Tov<i dxpXrjKOTa^ kutu 
 
 •' Tas t' iotas... 077/iO(7tas B1. ^ d/xicrdeL HI. "■ v. not. 
 
 meet aud deliberate in case of lating to the farmers of taxes : 
 
 need ? If so, shall we still be had he been an honest man, he 
 
 livingunder a free government?' would have extended this provi- 
 
 {SrjfiOKpaTtjaoixfOa, cf. § 75 n., sion to all debts tchich under the 
 
 vo/xoi dXiyapx^as dia<p^pei.) existing laic loere recovered in 
 
 u(X(i.a(.v] Distiuguisbed from the same icaij. 
 avvifjLfv above : the people meet- Kara twv TeXwvwv] ' against,' 
 
 ing in the Pnyx are said awip- ' gegen,' Benseler: but compare 
 
 X«r9ai, the senate in their co- § 59 n. In § 40 the law-com- 
 
 vered Boiileuterion daipxecdoLL. piler writes irepl throughout. 
 
 OiotKTjVet ra (k tu>v v6/xw»'] The woi'ils ras jr/jd^eis Kara. Tot'^ 
 ' transact their constitutional inrapxavTai vo/jlovs, as repeated 
 business,' K. Rather, I think, after €77 ut/to}}', as well as at the 
 ' administer the legal revenues : ' end of the sentence, are brack- 
 it seems better to give a con- eted by G. H. Schaefer, ex- 
 sistent sense to Bioikuv and punged by all recent editors. 
 SioiKr)ffi% throughout these §§. § 101. ki//cX(^ (pevyuv] ' care- 
 
 dfiicOo% 6 o^fjLOi] An argu- fully avoiding,' as K. : 'going 
 
 ment Hkely to be the most tell- out of his way to avoid tliem,' 
 
 ing of all with the jury : cf. § !I5. 'giving them a wide berth. ' 
 
 § lot). TimocratrH hud known Tb\pi^<t>i(TixaTbEvKT7)ij.oi'o^]The 
 
 better tlian to alarm the people decree called by the speaker 
 
 by tamperiuf/ with the laws re- fvuixT) diKaiordrr] in § 13, that
 
 168 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§ 101-103. 
 
 T0VT0V9 TOVi VO/jiOVi, Sui TUVT 01) TTpOO eypU-^jte TOVTO. 
 
 eK 8e rovTov rov rpoirov Trjv jxev v7rdp')(^ovcrav rt/xco- 
 ptav \vaa^ Kara rdov rd r?}? TroXeo)? ^yovrwv, krkpav 
 o ov 'ypd'\}ra<i^ iravra to, 7rpd<yfi,aT dvaipel, hrjfjiov, 
 iTTTrea'?, /3ov\yjv, lepd, ocrta' dv6^ dov, dvirep v/Jiei<;, co 
 dvBpe<; '\6r]vaioc, ao3^povrjre, Ko\aa-del<; kol Sou? 
 a^iav OLKTjv Tot9 dWoL<; TrapdSeijfia jev^crerac jxr) 
 Tidevat TotovToV'i vofjbovq. 
 102 Ov Toivvv fiovov rd SiKaaTrjpc aKvpa Troiec rwv 
 TrpoarifiTjfidTOiv, toI^ dSiKouac rd KOivd SlScocriv 
 dheiav, rd<; virep t^9 TroXeco? a-rpaTela^ Xv/jLalverat, 
 Trjv ScoLKricnv KaraXvei, dXKd Kal^ Tot<i KaKovp'yoL's 
 Kai rol<i TrarpaXoiat^i koI rol<; darparevToa /Sorj- 
 
 ^ ypdil/ai Z Bekk. Bens. Weil Bl. cum S. Vulgo et Dind. Trpoa- 
 ypd\l/as. « tr. Weil Bl. ante to7s ddiKovffiv cett. 
 
 the prize-money should be ex- 
 acted from the trierarchs, and 
 that a 5i.a5iKa(xia should decide 
 the question of liability as be- 
 tween them and the ambassa- 
 dors : a decree unsuccessfully 
 impeached by the partisans of 
 Androtion, § 1-4. 
 
 Trpdrreiv rovs dxpXijKoras'] The 
 full construction is Trpdrreiv 
 TLvd Ti : the accus. rei is here 
 omitted. — nnwpiav, as in § 87, 
 ' redress against defaulters ' ra- 
 ther than ' punishment.' 
 
 §§ 102—107. Besides the 
 ruinous impunity accorded to 
 public debtors, T.'s law abolish- 
 es, by parity of reasoning, tlie 
 punishment of imprisonment now 
 in force against other criminals, 
 such as those guilty of tlieft, ill- 
 treatment of parents, or neglect 
 of military service. Unlike So- 
 lon, whose legislation improves 
 both the living and the unborn, 
 you put a premium on crime : 
 for the benefit of thieves, unna- 
 
 tural children, and shirkers, you 
 propose laivs to our disadvan- 
 tage. 
 
 § 102. The sentence down to 
 KaraXvei is a brief summary of 
 the effects of T.'s law upon the 
 finances (cf. argument, §§ 79 — 
 101). There is no doubt, there- 
 fore, that Dobree improves the 
 passage by transposing dWd Kal 
 after KaraXveL, where the orator 
 tarns to its effect upon other 
 classes of criminals (dWd Kal rots 
 KaKovpyois K.r.X.): and the cor- 
 rection has been accepted by 
 the two latest Editors. 
 
 irarpaXoLais] It is quite in 
 Demosthenes' way to use the 
 most offensive term, and to in- 
 sinuate what he does not ven- 
 ture directly to assert, that 
 Timocrates was tampering with 
 the laws relating to murder and 
 parricide. But warpaXoias (d- 
 Xodoj, to thresh corn) means 
 indifferently one who ' strikes ' 
 or ' slays ' a parent : the German
 
 p. 7.S2.] RATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 169 
 
 dovvra riOecKe top vofiov. ra? 'yap vTrap-^ovaa^; e« 
 103 Tcov vvv Kvplwv voixwv Ti/xa>pia<i KaraXvei. XeyovTcou 
 yap T(!op vofxcov ou? eOrjKe ^oX'ov, ov8ev 6fioto<; cov 
 TOVTo) vo/j,o6eTr)<i, edv tl^ aXo) K\o7ry]<i Kal /u,r] ri/j-rjOrj 
 davdrov, irpocnip-dv avru) Secrfiov, Kal iav ti<; d\,ou<i 
 TJ79 Ka>ccocreco<; toov yovecov et? rijv dyopdv i/x/BdWr)^, 
 BeSeaOai, Knv d(TTpaT€La<; TL<i 6(f)\rj Kal tl Tttiv avrcov 
 <* e/i/SdXTj Bl. cum TOkrs. 
 
 ' schlagen,' and the by-forms 
 'thresh, thrash,' illustrate the 
 double meaning. Comp. Aris- 
 toph. Ran. 149 yj fx-qrip rj\6ri<TiV, 
 r) narpoi yvddov \ eirciTa^ev, rj 
 'iriopKov opKov wfj.o(jev, with vv. 
 274 — 276 of the same play : AI. 
 KaTeloii oOv TTov Toiis waTpaXolas 
 avTodi I Kal Tovs iTridpKovs, oOj 
 ?Xe7e«' rjnTv; EA. <ri> 5' 01"; | AI. 
 fTj Tov IIo<rei5w '7a;7e, Kal vwi 
 7' opQ: where the last line is 
 spoken at the audience, whom 
 Aristophanes did not mean even 
 in jest to accuse of anything 
 worse than ' assault and bat- 
 ter}'.' Hence K.'s rendering,' per- 
 sons who strike their fathers,' 
 is better than Benselers ' Vater- 
 morder. ' In common sense and 
 fairness, T.'s decree had left 
 these and all other laws, except 
 those relating to public debtors, 
 just where it found them. 
 
 § 103. Z6\wv] The same com- 
 parison (jccurs Androt. §§ 25, 
 30, below §§ 10*;, 113. 
 
 /X17 Tifirid-^ davdrov] rifi-qd^ is 
 of Course impersonal, ' if a sen- 
 tence of death be not passed.' 
 Cf. g§ 3;», (13 n., 10.5. 
 
 irpoffTinav avr<^ Offffidu] On 
 § 2 I have argued against the 
 notion that irpoanixdv can ever 
 be simply = Ti/id«': and I see no 
 difliculty in bringing the pre- 
 sent jiassage under the rule. 
 The impriaonmeut was ' in ad- 
 
 dition to ' the restitution, two- 
 fold or tenfold as the case might 
 be prescribed by the law itself 
 in g 105. There is slight MS. 
 authority for Seap-ov, which 
 Taylor wished to introduce as 
 more usual : G. H. Schaefer 
 points out that both construc- 
 tions are right, instancing Seo'/idi' 
 in § 114. 
 
 TTjs KaKicTeiiJS Tu)v yov^wu] On 
 Atimia for this offence, § 60 ». 
 
 (is TTjv dyopau epjidWri] Sc. 
 eauTov ' intrude,' the regular 
 phrase for an Atimos presum- 
 ing to enter the Ecclesia as a 
 citizen. Exclusion from the 
 Agora did not imply that he 
 was ' boycotted ' in the market : 
 cf. Androt. §77. Above, §60h., 
 Aesch. c. Timarch. § 164 Ws 
 yap ovK ip€i ' iweiTa ipi^dWeis 
 eli TrjV dyopdv 17 <rTf<pavoiTJ irpdr- 
 reis Tl tQ)v avTuiv rjfjuv;' id. de 
 F. L. § 148 ov KaOapbs (2v rds 
 Xf'pas eh Tr)v dyopdv (p.^d\\eii. 
 Lycurg. c. Leocr. § 5 eis Trjv 
 dyopdv ffjL^dWovTa Kai tQv koivCiv 
 ifpiov fiiTixovra. This intransi- 
 tive use is not noticed in Reiske's 
 Index. 
 
 kSlv dffTpartias ris 01^X77] ' If 
 a man be fined for desertion ' 
 K., but this is hardly accurate. 
 The ypacpiri darpareias, for fail- 
 ing to join the colours on being 
 summoned by the general, is 
 to be distinguished from tlie
 
 170 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [% 103-105. 
 
 Tot? eTTiTt'/Liot? TTOifj, KOi TOVTov heheaOai, Ti/jLOKpdTr}<i 
 airacrt rovroi'i aheiav iroiel, rfj KaTacrrdaeL rwv 
 104 iyjvrjTwv rov heajxbv d<^aipu)v. war efiotye SoKel {koI 
 yap el (popTLKOorepop elvai to pr]6rjcr6p.€vov ho^et, Xe^o) 
 Kol ovK airorpe'^ofxat,) Kara tovto y avr d^iov avrov 
 elvai davdro) ^7}p,iooaac, iV eV " AiSov rot? dae^ecrtv 
 6fj TOVTOV Tov v6/j.ov, r]p,d<; Se tov<; ^(ovTa<; TotaSe toc^ 
 oaloL's Kal 8iKaL0t<i ea to Xoiirov ■^prjadat,. dvdyvcodc 733 
 Se Kal TOVTOV^ tov<; vopbov;. 
 
 •ypa<pri 'KnrocTTpaTiov, XnroTa^iov 
 (these, and not Xenr., ai'e the 
 correct forms), for desertion or 
 leaving the ranks after having 
 joined {Diet. Antiq. s. v. Astra- 
 teias Graphd). A more correct 
 rendering will therefore be ' con- 
 victed of failing to serve.' In 
 § 119 we have both expressions : 
 Toh dcTTpaTevTois, Tois \nrovai t7)v 
 rd^Lv. The punishment for ct- 
 cTparela appears to have been 
 aTifxia only, of a very stringent 
 character especially as regards 
 exclusion from sacred rites, but 
 without a fine. In the passage 
 of Andoc. de Myst. § 74, already 
 cited § 60 /;., dcrTpareia is joined 
 with KaKuuLs yov4ti}v as coming 
 under the same rule of Atimia. 
 For the ceremonial exclusion 
 compare the preceding note on 
 els T7)v ayopdv ifx^aXXeiv , and add 
 Aeschin. Ctes. § 176 6 piev to'lvw 
 vopLod^TTis rbv aarpaTevTOv Kal tov 
 XiTTovTa TT]v rd^iv ^^co TcDi' nepip- 
 pavTTjpLwv TTjS dyopas e^eipyei. 
 The two speeches of Lysias 
 against the younger Alcibiades 
 are entitled XivoTa^iov and d- 
 (TTpareias respectively : and the 
 law of military offences is dis- 
 cussed with reference to these 
 by Prof. Jebb, Att. Or. i. 256 ff. 
 Kai Ti Twv avTuiv Tois eTriTifxoLS 
 TToi^] Cf. Aeschin. Timarch. 
 
 § 164, cited in the last note but 
 one. The Atimos, trespassing 
 upon the jjreserves of the full 
 citizens, laid himself open to 
 ^vdei^Ls (above § 50) and might 
 even be punished capitally (An- 
 drot. § 48 n.). 
 
 rfi KaTaaraffei tQv iyyvrjrwv] 
 ' by the putting in of bail.' 
 Hitherto we have had only the 
 verb KadicTTavai. 
 
 § 104. (popTLKWTepov] De- 
 mosth. might well apologise for 
 ' vulgarity ' here, as he does de 
 Pace p. 57 § 4 ovtws ■fjyovfj.at 
 (popTiKov Kal iiraxd^s Cicre dvdy- 
 KTjv odcrav bpQv ofxws dwoKuu), 
 Mr Whiston in a note on the 
 latter passage suggests that 
 (popTiKos in this sense ' origin- 
 ally meant and expressed the 
 characteristics of porters and 
 low fellows employed in carry- 
 ing burdens.' But in that case 
 the termination -ikos, expressive 
 of aptitude, must have been 
 attached to a verbal root. In 
 reality what is coarse and vulgar 
 is (popTiKov Kal iiraxdh, apt to 
 he a burden and a nuisance to 
 more refined natures. 
 
 OVK dnoTp^xpopiac] § 1 ?(. The 
 variant diroKpij\f/oiJ.aL has here 
 scarcely any support from the 
 MSS. Blass, however, retains 
 it.
 
 733.] 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOT2. 
 
 171 
 
 NOMOI KAOnHS, KAKHSEHS rONEON, 
 ASTPATEIAS. 
 
 105 ["O Ti av Ti<i aTToXecrr), iav f^ev avro \d^r}, ttjv 
 hiirXaalav KaraSiKa^eiv, eav Be /jn], r>}v heKairXaaiav 
 
 § 105. NOMOI] The autho- 
 rity of these ' laws ' does not as 
 a whole staudhigherthautliat of 
 other similar documents already 
 considered : though they contain 
 some genuine phrases not de- 
 rived from the context. One thing 
 is clear, that they could never 
 have stood together as portions 
 of a single law : such subjects 
 as Ka.K(i3<n% ■yoviojv and darpaTela 
 could not have been introduced 
 parenthetically in the midst of 
 the vQixoL kXotti^s. Benseler fur- 
 ther points out that 5e/ca7r\a- 
 (riov is 'unheard-of,' and contra- 
 dicted by S 114, where the two- 
 fold restitution is alone men- 
 tioned (see further in the note 
 below) : it must be a mistake of 
 the compiler, who was thinking 
 of the tenfold penalty in cases 
 of sacrilege (cf. g 83). Besides 
 this, TrpoffTifidaffai, tov ^ovXo- 
 fjLfvou, ' any one may propose 
 the additional penalty,' is a 
 very confused mode of expres- 
 sion in the text of a law : and 
 r)\wKCos first means ' arrested ' 
 {ertappt) and then is followed 
 by fdv 0' dXiJi, ' if he be found 
 guilty.' I do not follow Ben- 
 seler in his objections to irp6$ 
 Toli ivairioii and 6 (iov\6/xevos 
 oU l^eariv : but the above are 
 surely enough to determine the 
 character of the document. 
 
 Xd,i7j] Here e'juivalenl to ciTro- 
 Xd/377, ' recover : ' a sense of the 
 word for whicii there does not 
 seem to be any claHsical autho- 
 rity. 
 
 Tr]P dnrXacriav KaTadiKal^eii>] 
 sc. TOV kXctttov, ' the court shall 
 sentence the thief to pay the 
 double value : ' but this highly 
 condensed expression is much 
 more like the abstract of a law 
 than the law itself. On the 
 infinitive in enacting clauses, 
 above § 20 n. 
 
 T7]v SeKairXaalav^ Heraldus, 
 the old commentator on Petit's 
 Lerjes Atticae, saw the absurdity 
 of this, and proposed diirXaalav : 
 it is only surprising that mo- 
 dern scholars like Meier, Plat- 
 ner,and Schoemann should have 
 failed to see it. H. Schelling 
 de Soloniii leriibus, followed by 
 Diudorf and Whiston, gives the 
 reasons for the change. (1) 
 There is no due proportion be- 
 tween the twofold restitution 
 when the thing stolen was re- 
 covered, and the tenfold, in 
 addition to other punishment 
 (tt/sos Tois (TraiTLOLi), when it was 
 not. (2) Aulus Gellius (ix. 18) 
 observes : ' Solon sua lege in 
 fures nou (ut antea Dracon) 
 mortis, sed dupli poena vindi- 
 canduni existimavit.' (3) It is 
 implicitly contradicted by the 
 orator him.self in g 114. Mr 
 Whiston further shows that the 
 Eoman law was in general con- 
 tented with a twofold penalty : 
 and so, it may be added, was 
 the Hebrew (Exod. xxii. 1 — ii, 
 with soiueexceiitionsas in v. 1). 
 The matter is simple enough 
 when it is once admitted that 
 we are not correcting the text
 
 172 
 
 KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. [% 105, 106. 
 
 7rpo9 T0t9 eVatTtoi?. SeSeaOai S' ev rfj irohoKCLKKr) 
 Tov TToSa TrevO' rj/jiipa^ kul vvKra<i laa<i, iav irpocrrL- 
 firjar) ?; rfKiaia. irpoarLfxacrdai Se tov jBovXofievov, 
 OTav irepl tov Ti/xy]fji,aTo<; fj. iav 8e Tt? aira^Gj] twv 
 yovecov KaKooaeu)<i rjXcoKco^ i) daTpaTela<;, 57® Trpoeiprj- 
 ixevov avTw twv voficov^ etpyeaOai elatoiv oiroi /xr) XP^h 
 
 " TJ om. Z cum F. ^ vo/j-ifiuv Bl. v. not. 
 
 of our author, but the mistake 
 of a grammarian, and that the 
 origin of his mistake is clear, viz. 
 a confusion with the case of 
 sacrilege in § 82. 
 
 Trpoj TOis (TraLTiois] to, fxevroL 
 TrpoaTiiJ.rjfj.aTa 2)6Xw»' eiralTia Ka- 
 \ec Pollux viil. 22. ?aTi fiev 
 Tiva iv Tois vdfioi^ tlipiafxiva KaTo. 
 Tu>v ddiKOvvrojv, wawep t) iirw- 
 /SeXia Trap' 'Icrat'u; iv t<^ /card 
 AiokX^oi'S' ^(TTi 8^ Kai d'XXa a Trpocr- 
 
 TLUaTai Tb SiKadT-qpLOV, tllj bt'lK- 
 
 vvai A7]p.0(Tdevri? iv ti^ /card, Tt- 
 fj.oKpdTovs Harpocrat. s.v. Cf. 
 note on tQv Trpo<TTL/xTj/j.dTuiv § 2. 
 de8i(rdai 5' iv Trj iroSoKaKKr} 
 TOV ir65a'\ The law-compiler is 
 here at one with the orator 
 (§ 114) as to the fact that the 
 irpo(jTip.7]ixa in cases of theft 
 was limited to five days' im- 
 prisonment, involving the shame 
 of public exjjosure (oVcjs bp(2tv 
 ■ aTravTes avTov 5ede/j.ivov), while 
 the infliction of it was left to 
 the discretion of the court (n- 
 fjLTjaaL 5' i^fivai. ti2 8iKa(jT7)plLp). 
 But instead of Seo-yttoV he has 
 the expression in the text, which 
 he got from a genuine law of 
 Solon preserved by Lys. c. 
 Theomn. § 16. In this curious 
 passage Lysias explains : r; 5^ 
 TTodoKdKKT] Ttturo [surely it should 
 be Tavrdv] icrnv, w Qeo/jvria-Te, 5 
 vvv KaXeirai iv ti2 ^v\u} bebicdai: 
 and gives us further examples 
 of archaic words in the old 
 
 laws, iiriopKe'iv in the sense of 
 ofJLVvvai, SpaaKd^eiv = diroSidpa- 
 (TKeiv, diriXXei^ = d7roKXe/e(j', dp- 
 yvpiov ffTdcTifjov for money bear- 
 ing interest, we(pa(T/j.ivo]s = <pa- 
 vepQi, iroXetadaL = (Sadiieiv , otVei'S 
 = depdiruv, TToXXd de ToiauTa Kal 
 dWa ia-Tiv, he adds. The Scho- 
 liast here discusses two etymo- 
 logies for TToSoKaKKri : rJTOL irapep.- 
 j3€^\r]/j.evov tov eTipov k iro8(2v 
 
 TL% KUKWCTLS OVCTa, TJ KaTO. CTVyKO- 
 
 ■7rr)v, d)j Ai5i»Mos, olov irodoKaToxv- 
 The former is favoured by L. 
 and S.: the latter is most pro- 
 bably right. 
 
 OTav trepl tov Tifiri/xaTOS ^] 
 'when the question of a penal 
 sentence is before the court.' 
 
 idv 5e Tis aTraxdy] So far as 
 the writer understood what he 
 was saying, he was evidently 
 thinking of the dvayuyr] in its 
 technical sense of summary 
 arrest (Androt. § 26?;.). But 
 in fact the different stages of 
 the process are hopelessly con- 
 fused: r/Xco/ccbs 'arrested' might 
 perhaps be justified by Androt. 
 § .53 t6 (TcD/xa dXous els to deapLo:- 
 Trjpiov 'iXKeffdai, if it were not 
 followed by idv 5' dXtj) in the 
 more usual sense. 
 
 rj Trpoeipr)p.ivov] ' or for enter- 
 ing where he has no business 
 to enter after notice of exclu- 
 sion from legal privileges,' i.e. 
 especially from the Agora and 
 from sacred rites, § 103 n. — tQv
 
 p. 733.] RATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 173 
 
 Stjo-civtcov avTov oi euBeKa kuI elaayovroov ea tt]v 
 rfkiaiav, KaTrjyopeLTCo Be 6 ^ovXofMevo'i oh e^eariv. 
 idv S' aXm, Ti/jidro) rj ifKiaia o ri XPV "Jradelv avrov 
 ■fj aTTOTicrai. idv 8' dpyvpiov Tifxrjdfj, SeBiadco e&j? 
 
 dv eKTiCTTJ-l 
 
 io6 'OfMOio'; ye, ov ydp ;^ w nv8pe<i ^ XOrjvaloL, "^oXcov 
 vofj.o6eT7](; KUI. Ti/jLOKpdTi]^. 6 fxev ye Kal rov<; ovra's 
 jSeXrlov^i TTOtet Kal tov<? fMeWovra^ eaeadar o 8e koI 
 Tot? yeyev7]/MivoL<; Trovrjpoi'i, ottco? firj Bwaovcri olktjv, 
 oBov BeiKwcn, Kal roh ovcrtv ottw? dBeta yev^crerai 
 KaKOVpyelv eiipicTKei, Kal to4<? ixeWovcrtv ecrecrOai, TOv<i 
 i^ dirdvTwv twv y^povcov irovTjpov^, ottoj? eaovTai crco 
 
 8 oil yap; om. Z Bekk. Bens. v. not. 
 
 vbuuv should of course be tC:v 
 vofxlfjLuiv, asSalmasiusand others 
 after him have pointed out : 
 but it is not necessary to cor- 
 rect this grammarian's Greek. 
 
 flaayovTuv] § 10 n. — 6 /SouXo- 
 H(vo% oh (^i(jTi.v\ § 18 n. 
 
 ■jradf'iv rj dTroTtcrai] § 63 n. 
 
 idv 5' dpyvpiov Ti/Mr]dy] §§ 39, 
 63 )(., lUb. 
 
 § 106. "Omoi6j ye, oii yap ;] 
 See various readings. The in- 
 sertion of oil yap rests on a 
 marginal note in 2 (Xdirei ov 
 yap;) on Aristides ix. p. 359 
 ed. Walz : and on a parallel 
 passage in Androt. § 73. For 
 the comparison with Solon, 
 § 103 n. 
 
 Tois yty€V7]fjLivois...Toh ovolv ... 
 Toh p-iWovaiv] Past, present, and 
 future criminals are all brought 
 in to swell the indictment 
 against the obnoxious law. 
 
 (Tip] Dindorf alone corrects 
 thus for the «rcaoi of MSS. and 
 editions; and lie is undoubtedly 
 right. The Attics wrote this 
 word consistently as a mono- 
 Bjllable : and though the ten- 
 
 dency of copyists was, as usual, 
 to obliterate such forms in fa- 
 vour of the common Greek aQos, 
 they have occasionally survived 
 in the best MSS. (cf. Cobet, 
 Nov. Lect. p. -418). Thus in 
 Plat. Critias 111c editors now 
 read, after Bekker, aS. for a-ua 
 from one good MS. Dindorf 
 has restored aa in de Cor. Trie- 
 rarch. p. 1231 § 10, but has left 
 ffuia in c. Everg. et Mnesib. p. 
 114.3 § 20 : perhaps on the 
 ground that the latter speech 
 is not by Demosthenes. There 
 does not appear to be another 
 example of the nom. plur. in the 
 orators: but the ace. plur. craJj 
 for (Tuiovs is preserved in several 
 passages, e.g. de Pace p. 61 g 17, 
 de Cherson. p. 93 § 16, de F. L. 
 p. 364 § 75 ( = 84 Shilleto, who 
 makes no remark. In the two 
 former of these passages it is 
 inadvertently described in L.and 
 S. as nom. plur.). 22uv as neu- 
 ter sing. = (Tuioc is found in near- 
 ly all MSS. c. Lept. p. 500 
 § 142, and as accus. itim. = <Tu>ai> 
 in a respectable minority c.
 
 174 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§ 106-110. 
 
 107 Kol fMTjBev TreicrovTai, TrapacrKeva^wv. Kalrot riv civ 
 a^iav 8oLT}<; SIktjv rj rl av^ rradcov av to. 7rpoai]KovT 
 elijii 7re7rov6(i)<i, o?, ra fiev ciW' ico, aWd Tom rw 
 yrjpa (BorjOov^ Xv/u,alv€i, 01 Koi ^oovrwi dvajKa^ovai 
 [tov? 7ral8a<;] toi)? youea<i Tpecfteiv, koI iireiSdv dtrodd- 
 vfocriv, oTnu? tcov vo jxi^ofxev oyv rvywai, TrapacTKevd^ov- 
 criv ; rj irw'i ov KdKi(TTO<i dnravTUiv dvdpdorrcov hiKaicoq 734 
 av vofjbi^oio, oart'i, co Karapare, irepi TrXetoj^o? cpaivec'^'^ 
 Tov<i /cXeTTTas" /cat rov<i KaKovpyov<; kuI tov<; dcrrpa- 
 revTov<i rrj'i irarpiho'i 7TOiovfievo<i, Kal 8id tovtov^ 
 Kad^ r)p,u)V vofiov ri6T]<;^ ; 
 
 108 HovXofiai TOLvvv vixlv, d v'TTecr-)(^ofjLr}v iv dp^fj tov 
 Xoyov, aTToXoytcraadai TreTroirj/iora ifjuavrov. €<f>r]v 
 yap avTov e^eXey^eiv Kard irdvr evo-)^ov ovra rfj 
 ypa(pf}, 7rpo)Tov /xev irapd tov<; v6/jLOV<; vo/MoOerovvTa, 
 hevTepov 8 inrevavrla Tot<; ovac vo/xoi'i yeypac^iora, 
 
 h <rv post d^iav Bl. ^h .^ gj i ^^^-^ Co|,g(. ^ j^ ^ ggg^ 
 
 Mid. p. 572 § 177. The mono- §§ 108, 109. A short reca- 
 
 syllabic forms are well attested pitulation of the points already 
 
 in Attic verse, where the metre proved against the law of Ti- 
 
 has often preserved them from mocrates : he did not comply 
 
 corruption : crws Soph. Oed. Col. with the rules which forbid 
 
 1210, Eur. Cycl. 294 (in the hasty legislation (§§ 24—27), 
 
 latter passage feminine) : ad nor begin by repealing contra- 
 
 neut. plur. id. fr. 762 Dind., dictory laws (§§ 32—38). As to 
 
 a-Qf Aristoph. Lysistr. 488. the bad consequences of the 
 
 § 107. Tovs Ty 7^pi? fio-ndovs] law, the speaker need not re- 
 
 Of course i/dfj-ovs is meant, but mind his hearers of what he 
 
 it is not necessary to insert the has only just done saying, 
 word either before or after \v- § 108. aTroXoylaatrdai] This 
 
 fxaivei, as has been proposed. reading for diroXoyriaaadaL rests 
 
 oTTws T&x^wcn] In the last § only on one corrected MS., but 
 
 we had ottcos three times follow- it is well supported by gramma- 
 
 ed by a future : but no one pro- rians and required by the sense : 
 
 poses here to read ottws rev- 'to recapitulate.' Bekk. Anecd. 
 
 ^ovTai. The rule is, I believe, p. 430, 1.5 : ' AiroXoyLaaadaL — 
 
 correctly stated on Plat. Protag. rb eire^eXdelv eKaara. Zonaras 
 
 313 c, that Sttws should not be p. 266 gives the same gloss, and 
 
 joined to an aorist 'of the same adds: oiJru ArjpLoffdevrjs. 
 form as the future.'
 
 734.] 
 
 KATA TIAIOKPATOT2. 
 
 175 
 
 rpirov he roiavra hC dov ^XaTrrec Tt)v iroXiv. ovkovv 
 ■qKOvcrare twv vojkov, a KeXevovcn irocelv rov riOevra 
 voiiov Kaivov Kol TToXiv v/jid<i iSlSa^a ort tovtwv 
 
 109 ovK oTLOvv eTTolrjaev ovTO<i. koX firjv /caKeivcov rjKOvere 
 Tcov vofxwv oh ivavTio^ wv ecpaived^ 6 rovrov Koi 
 rovrov<i '6tl irplv Xuctul rovSe reOeiKev iTrLcrraade. 
 dWd firjv on 7' ovk eVtTyySeiO?, ctKrjKoare' dprt yap 
 Xeyoiv eTravcrdfirjv. ovkovv Kara iravT dSiKei (f>ave- 
 p(Jo<i, Kal ovSev ead re (f)povTicya^ ovS' €vXa^i]6el^ 
 <f>aLV€Tat, aXV e/xoLye SoKei, Kav el Trpo? tovtoi<; dXXo 
 Ti fir] iroielv iyeypairT ev toI<; ovcri v6pb0L<;, Kav rovro 
 TTOujcrai. 
 
 no Jlavra'^odev fiev roivvv 3^Xo? icrd^ on tuvt 
 eypay\rev eiri^ovXeixra';, Kal^ fxerd rov /SovXevaaadac 
 
 '' /cat om. Bens, cum SFTfir. 
 
 ToiavTo] Like virevavTia, is 
 governed by -/fypa(p6Ta. 
 
 a KeXfvovffi] 'what they re- 
 quire a man proposing a new 
 law to do.' K. 
 
 § lOy. OVKOVV Kara ttclvt] ' In 
 every way therefore it is plain 
 that he has done wrong, in 
 everything has he been reck- 
 less and unscrupulous.' So K. : 
 we may translate the last clause 
 more literally, ' he has clearly 
 shown no care or caution.' 
 
 Kav el irp6s tovtoh] ' Even if 
 (Kal fl) there had been a further 
 prohibition in the existing laws 
 against doing anything else, he 
 would have done this also (Kal 
 TovTu iroiriaai dv) : ' for the mere 
 pleasure of breaking the law it 
 would seem. The first ai> serves 
 merely to prepare the mind for 
 the conditioiKil character of the 
 sentence, and liku the second is 
 referred to woiTjcrai. See Jelf, 
 §§ 430, 43'2, and a note on 
 
 Plat. Protag. 311 b. 
 
 § 110. On the question of 
 interpolation in this part of the 
 Speech, see the Introduction. 
 
 §§ 110 — 121. Timocrutes, who 
 had not liitherto, when himself 
 a tax-gatherer, shoion any com- 
 passion for the burdens of the 
 poor, has now suddenhi come 
 out as a humanitarian and phil- 
 anthropist : only he selects the 
 least deserving as the objects of 
 his sympathy. 
 
 § 110. I'he law is all of a 
 piece, and never once right by 
 accident : everything is of malice 
 prepense, nothing through error 
 of judgment. 
 
 iirifiovXevcra^ ... ^ovXevcraaOai.] 
 The compound expresses the 
 sinister intent ((irl nvi against 
 or to the injury of some one) : 
 the simple verb the delibcrato- 
 ness of the act, opp. to yvdj/xiji 
 5iafj.apTuiv. The repetition of 
 iiri^uvX., and fiov\., inelegant at
 
 176 
 
 KATA TliMOKPATOTS. [§§ 110-112. 
 
 TavT dSiKGi^ Kol ov yvoofMT] hiajxaproiv, fJuaKiara 8' 
 e'/c Tov Trdi'Ta tov v6/xov l^^XP'' "^^1^ vaTo.Trj'i avWa- 
 jSij'i roLOVTOv eivai' ovhe yap ov8' cIkcov ovBei> edrjKev 
 op6w'i €')^ov, ovS" (09 vfjLiv efieXXe \vcme\-qaei,v. TrotS? 
 ovu ovK eiKO'i fxiaelv kul rificopetadat tovtov '6ari<; 
 TOV (xev B^/jLOv 7]8iK7]/jiivov rjfMeXrjaev, inrep he rdov 
 rjSiKTjKOTQJV Kal varepov ciSlki^o-ovtcov Tou<i v6/j,ov<; 
 III edrjKev ; duvfid^di S", <w dv8p€<i hLKacnal, rij'; dvaiheia'^ 
 avTov, TO rjvUa p-ev r)px^v avrb^ p^er ^Kphporioivo^, 
 TOV eXeov tovtov iirl tu> 7rXt]0€t tS vp,eTep(p p,r] Trotr]- 735 
 ' d5iK€iv Bens, ctim SF et corr. v. 
 
 best, becomes absolutely insuf- 
 ferable if the two verbs are to 
 be put in the same clause ; but 
 Benseler 'auf alien Vieren' be- 
 fore 2 has printed (tnjSovXfvcras 
 /xerd TOV ^ovXevcracrdai ravr ctSt- 
 
 ovde yap — ^x""] 'for not even 
 unwittinf^ly (rather than unwil- 
 lingly) did he insert any right 
 provision ' (into this law, as the 
 aor. ^0r)K€ shows : not of the 
 whole course of his career as a 
 legislator). 
 
 drj/uLov r)SLKy]p.ivov] The' wrongs 
 of the people ' probably in- 
 clude both oppression of the 
 poor and frauds on the public 
 treasury. 
 
 KOL varepop ddiKrjcxdvTuv] 'past 
 and future criminals,' 'friiherer 
 i;nd kiinftiger Verbrecher,' Ben- 
 seler. This is also R. W.'s ren- 
 dering, and it is more in ac- 
 cordance with § 106 than K.'s 
 ' who had already done wrong 
 and intend to do it again.' 
 
 § 111. Contrast of his former 
 and present conduct. 
 
 dav/na^co 5'] The common 
 phrase dav/xa^eiv tl Tivb's (Jelf 
 Synt. § 495, Madvig, Hynt. % 
 6i b) is here refined upon : the 
 
 construction is Oavixa^w t?)s auai- 
 deias {avTov) t6 fXT] Trotrjo-acrdaL 
 (^Xeof), OelvaL 5e {rbv v6/j.ou). 
 'The point about his impudence 
 that most astonishes me is this, 
 that though when he was him- 
 self the colleague of Androtion 
 he ' . . . ' yet when ' . . . 
 
 riVLKa /jLeu rjpxtv avrbs] The 
 office is that of eKXoyevs, from 
 which Androtion had ousted 
 Euctemon and taken his place, 
 Audrot. § 48, where see the 
 notes. 
 
 rbv ^Xeov tovtov — fxr) iroirjaa- 
 o-^at] ' he did not feel this com- 
 passion for the mass of you 
 citizens.' I am not aware of 
 another instance of iXeov woi.el- 
 cdai = €Xee?i/, but the case comes 
 under the rule broadly stated 
 by Shilleto (on F. L. p. 370 
 § 103 6pyr)v TToietcrOat), that 
 ' any verb in Greek may be 
 resolved into the cognate sub- 
 stantive with TTOieicr^ai.' In 
 Mid. p. 582 § 212 Trap avrQv 
 Tas x''P'''"<^s TToiwuTai. is some- 
 thing more than a mere peri- 
 phrasis for xapt'f'wj'Tat : it means 
 rather ' that they may make 
 their presents at their own ex- 
 pense, when they think proper
 
 p. 735.] KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. 
 
 177 
 
 craaOai, ru> mreipijKOTi ra eavrov '^^prf/j.ar^ elac^epov- 
 TL, eTreiSr} S' WvSporicova eBei a irdXai, vcfi-pprjTO Trjq 
 TToXeu)^ 'X^prjfjiaTa KaraOelvaL, rd fiev lepd, rd S' ocria, 
 Tore Oelvai rov vo/xov iir dTroarepijcrec rcov fiev oaicov 
 TJ;? hiirXaaia^, rcov lepwv he Ti)<i BeKaTrXaaia^. koI 
 o'vTQ} 7rpo9 TO irXrjOo'i to v/iierepov 7rpoaev7]V€KTai 
 avTiKa [xaX virep rov Srjfiou (jir]ao)v rov vojjlov 
 112 rovrov delvai. 8iKaL(o<i 8' dv i/xol"^ SoKel iradelv 
 oriovv, ocTTt? OLerai Betv, el fxev rt? dyopavo/jbo^i i) 
 
 ™ fioi Bl. 
 
 to make them.' Cf. Audrot. 
 § 45 n. on vap' eavrov. There 
 is plausibihty in Sauppe's con- 
 jecture Toirru applying to the 
 two men : 2 tovtwl, F tov- 
 
 TWV. 
 
 T(f d.ireipT]KbTL — da<pipovTL] 'ex- 
 hausted with contributing its 
 own monies,' as \{. W. The 
 participle is rather unusual for 
 T(Ji ei<r<pipiiv : cf. iJremi on 
 Aeschiu. Ctes. § 10. 
 
 iireiSi] 8' 'Avdporiwva] 'yet when 
 A. had to pay the sums which 
 he had long ago filched from 
 the state ..he (T.) projjosed his 
 law with the object of defraud- 
 ing you ' &c. 
 
 Twv fj.iu baiwv ...Ti2v iepwv de] 
 Here we have doubtless (and 
 more clearly put than in § 88) 
 the real provisions of the Athe- 
 nian law of fijrfeitures, wliich we 
 have seen confused by the law- 
 compiler in g 10'). G. H.Schae- 
 fer calls attention to the varied 
 order of fiiv and 5L 
 
 irpoaivriviKTiii] The phrase 
 wpoa<pipe<Tdai. irpdi riva ' to be- 
 liave toward.s a person ' is com- 
 mon enough in Attic prose (cf. 
 Paley and Saudvs on Boeot. de 
 Dot. p. 1020 § "40) : the perf. 
 pasH. in this Reuse is rare, and 
 perhaps unexampled. We liave, 
 
 W. D. 
 
 however, in i. Aphob. p. 814 
 § 4 /xrjT^pa irevTrtKouTa ixva% els 
 TOP oIkov ei<Tev7)veyfi^vr)v. 
 
 ai)TLKa yUctXa] avriKa 5i] /xaiXa 
 Fv. BL, cf. Androt. § 65 )i. 
 
 § 112. Ci'tiel inconsistency of 
 T.'s treatment of poor and rich 
 defaulters. 
 
 dyopav6p.os] On these 'clerks 
 of the market ' see Diet. Antiq. 
 s.v. Agoranomi. Caillemer in 
 Daremberg and SagUo s.v. gives 
 the same facts, with the ad- 
 dition of a list of states jjroved 
 by inscriptions lately discovered 
 to have had public officers with 
 the same name. That they 
 were a KXr/pwrri apxyj rests on 
 the present passage and is 
 highly probable in itself : but 
 the generally accepted state- 
 ment tliat they carried whips, 
 though with the proviso that 
 their power of summary chas- 
 tisement was limited to foi-eign- 
 ers and slaves, seems to me im- 
 probable, as unlike what we 
 know of Athenian jmlice re- 
 gulations. The SclioJiast in- 
 deed on Aristoph. Ach. 724 says 
 t6 yap iraXaibv (ppayydXais ^tv- 
 irrov ol Xoyiaral tovs rrji dyopas, 
 having previously explaineda7o- 
 pavopLovs as oi's pvi> Xoyiard? Ka- 
 Xovixev. But he probably took 
 
 12
 
 178 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOT2. [% 112, 113. 
 
 d(7Tvv6fio<i rj hiKaarr}'} Kara Sijfiovi jev6fjL€vo(; KXairi)^ 
 iu rai^ eu6vvat,<; eaXw/cef ", av6po}7ro<; ■nevr]'; koX lSc(iiTr}<i 
 
 " rjXuKev solus Dindorfius. v. not. § 77. 
 
 bis author's fun too literally; 
 Dicaeopolis in the play says 
 that in his model market the 
 poor Megariaus and the foreign- 
 ers are to have free trade with 
 him, not with Lamachus and the 
 war-party, and three whips are 
 to be ayopavofioL and keep off 
 avKO(pa.vTat. and 'birds of a like 
 feather' ((paaiavoi). A Byzan- 
 tine writer, who lived when 
 degrading punishments were the 
 rule, could not understand the 
 sense of personal dignity of 
 the old Athenians who, like 
 modern Frenchmen, could tole- 
 rate shooting a soldier but not 
 flogging him. Plato's enact- 
 ment of corporal punishment 
 for cheating in the market (ttXij- 
 yats fXiv Kal dea/J-oh douXov Kal 
 ^ivov, Laws VI. 764 b) can 
 hardly be accepted as genuine 
 Attic legislation in the face of 
 the absurdly minute provisions 
 of VIII. 849—50, and the rule 
 of a stripe for every drachma's 
 worth in cases of adulteration 
 XI. 917 D, which is simply what 
 he would like to prescribe in 
 order to teach his citizens 
 honesty. Schoemann in his 
 latest work gives full details as 
 to the Agoranomi, but makes 
 no mention as to the whips 
 (Antiq. p. 416). Pollux x. 177 
 describes tbe Kvcpwv as a wooden 
 collar (L tov avx^^o- evdhra eSei 
 fxaariyovcrdaL tov wipl ttjv dyopav 
 KaKovpyovura. It is impossible 
 to believe that this punishment 
 was inflicted on free Athenians. 
 We learn from Lys. Or. 22 
 § 16 that the dyopavoixoi had no 
 control over the sale of corn. 
 
 for which the (XLTo<pv\aKes were 
 appointed. 
 
 daTvvofxos] 'overseers of the 
 streets,' charged with preserving 
 order as well as cleanliness : 
 Diet. Antiq. s.v. 'Astynomi;' 
 Schoemann,.J?if!5. p. 416. Cail- 
 lemer again gives a list of places 
 where inscriptions bearing the 
 name daTvi'o/j.oL have been found 
 (ap.Darembergand Saglio, s.v.). 
 dLKaarrjs Kara 5rifMOVs] The>ie 
 'district judges' are identified 
 with the TeTTapaKovra of De- 
 mosth. c. Pantaen. p. 976 § 33, 
 but are scarcely mentioned un- 
 der either name except by 
 the grammarians. Schoemann 
 casts a doubt on the statement 
 of the text that they were chosen 
 by lot, Antiq. p. 473 «.: but 
 one of his authorities, the Lexi- 
 con Segueriauum, contradicts 
 itself (pp. 306. 15 and 310. 21). 
 His giving the number as sixty 
 is apparently a slip: the texts 
 agree that there were originally 
 thirty, and that they were in- 
 creased to forty after the ar- 
 chonship of Eucleides, B.C. 403. 
 On the other hand Schoemann 
 has given the right explanation 
 of the words aUia Kal rd tQv 
 ^(.aiwv in Pantaen. I.e. as 'as- 
 saults of minor importance.' 
 (So Teuffel in Pauly s.v. rea-- 
 aapaKoura, 'nichtpeinliche In- 
 jurienklagen.') Kennedycannot 
 be right in including ' charges 
 of rape,' App. i. p. 506. It is 
 incredible that men whose ju- 
 risdiction in small cases was 
 limited to the value of ten drach- 
 mas (Bafiatellsachen,TenSel I.e.) 
 should have tried an offence
 
 p. 735.] KATA TIMOKPATOT2. 
 
 179 
 
 Kav ttoWujv a7recpo<i koX KXrjpcDrijv dp-yrjv ap^a<i, 
 rovTw fiev rrjv BeKairXaaiav elvai, kui vo/jlov ouSiva 
 T0i9 T0L0vT0i<i eTTiKovpovvTa TiOrjcTii^' el 8e Ttt'e9 
 7rpea/3ei<; a'ipedevTe<; viro rod Sjj/jlov, TrXovaioi oure'i, 
 vcpeiXovTo ')(pr'i/j,aTa TroWa, ra p,ev lepa, rd 8' ocria, 
 Kal elxov ■)(^p6vov ttoXvv, TovTOi<i otto)? fiTjSev ireicrov- 
 rai fxr'jO'' (i)v 01 vofxoi jx-qO' cov rd yjrrjcfiiafMaTa irpoa- 
 113 TuTTei, fjLaX aKpi^co'i evpev. kultol y ^oXcop, d dv- 
 ope<i BiKaaraL, w ovh dv avTO<i TLfMOKpdrr](i 0?/cretez/"" 
 o/iOi09 vofiodeTrjf; elvai, ov-)(^ otto)? da(f)aXa)(; KUKOvp- 
 yrjaovcTL (paiverac irapacrKevd^cou rot? tolovtol^, dXX' 
 OTTty? 7] /JUT) aSiKijaovatv t] Scoaoucrt Slktjv d^iav, Kal 
 vofxov el(ri)veyKev, el fiiv rt? fied' rj/xepav virep Trevri]- 
 
 °° (pTjffuev Bl. We. ex Androt. § 54. (pricai vulgo. 
 
 which the Athenian law, like 
 theEnf,'lish, regarded as capital. 
 Compare Diet. Antiq. s.v. Hoi 
 Tettaraconta. 
 
 rriv oeKaTrXacri'aj'] Demosth. 
 of course takes an extreme case, 
 as throughout the speech he 
 strains every point against the 
 defendant. It is not easy to 
 see how any one of the officers 
 just mentioned was likely to 
 owe money to the temples. 
 
 OTTOJS fj.r)0(v ireicroi'Tai ...fjLoK' 
 uKpi^ws evpiv] ' took great pains 
 to provide that they should 
 suffer none of the penalties.' 
 Observe the change of tense — 
 Tidrfaiv of his public life in 
 general, tvpev of this particular 
 decree. 
 
 §§ 113—116. .S'o/o/iV leoh- 
 lation contrasted with that uf 
 Timocraten. 
 
 § 113. 6 -L6\uv] § 103 n. 
 The form of this trite sarcasm 
 is hero varied. 
 
 ovx oTws — Totj ToiovToi%'\ Ths 
 order of course is ov tpaivfrai 
 
 TrapaaKiva^wv tois toiovtois ottws 
 a(7(pa\u)s KaKovpyrjcrovffi., ' we do 
 not see him (Androt. § 21 n.) 
 providing for such persons the 
 means of committing crime with 
 impunity:' and the idiomatic 
 use of o^x 07rws = ?iOH modo non, 
 ' so far from, ' is here out of 
 place, though it has misled some 
 editors: cf. § 153 n. 
 
 ei fiev Tis fjiid' Tjixipav] On the 
 vo^ioL K\owrjs cf. Androt. §§ 26, 
 27, above § 105, with the notes. 
 The three passages furnish the 
 substance of the article ' Klopes 
 Dike' in Diet. Antiq. As usual, 
 the orator's text is far clearer 
 and more self-consistent than 
 the compiled document of § 105. 
 It is a curious coincidence tliat 
 the 50 drachmas which mark 
 the limit between ordinary and 
 aggravated cases should be al- 
 most identical (in intrinsic 
 value, not of course in pur- 
 clmsiiig power) with tlic 10 
 shillings which until recently 
 constituted a capital felony in 
 
 12—2
 
 180 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [% 113, 114. 
 
 Kovra Spa-x^/jbd^; KXeTrrot, dira'ywyrjv irpo^ toi)? €v8eK 
 elvai, el Se rt? vvKToop otiovv KXeirroi, tovtov i^etvai 7S^ 
 Kal arrroKTelvai koX rpwaat Stcofcovra koI aTrayayetv 
 Tot9 euSeK , el j3ov\oi,TO. rco S' aXovri cbv at dira- 
 ywyai elatv, ovk eyyvrjrn'i KaracrrrjcravTL eKTicriv 
 114 elvai Tcov KXefifidrcov, dWd ddvarov rrjv ^rjixlav. Kal 
 el Ti<i y eic AvKeiov i} e^ ^AKuSij/mela'? rj Ik Kwoadp- 
 yov^ l/xdrLOV rj XrjKvdcov r) dXXo ri (^avXorarov i) 
 
 English law. As regards the 
 distinction between ixed' rj/x^pav 
 and vijKTU)p, the Athenians had 
 the advantage over our (still 
 existing) hard-and-fast rule of 
 9 P.M. to 6 A.M. of having no 
 clocks, and of being always able 
 to see the natural phenomena 
 of sunrise and sunset. 
 
 Another distinction, that be- 
 tween /xed' rifi^pav 'by day' and 
 Kad' rtfj-ipav 'daily, 'might appear 
 elementary : but in the scurri- 
 lous passage of de Cor. p. 270 
 § 129 we have, as is well known, 
 an instance of ixed-mj-epivh^ 'diur- 
 nus' taking the place of Kad-q- 
 IxepLvbs 'quotidianus.' 
 
 airayayeiv to7s evdeKa] A rare 
 construction for irpbs tovs MeKa : 
 elsewhere we have dir. ws rovs 
 Seafiod^ras c. Aristocr. p. 680 
 § 32, eh t6 decr/xuiTTjpiov ib. p. 647 
 § 80: or absolutely, Androt. 
 § 26 a7ra76, § 27 ttjs dcre^eias awd- 
 yeiv. The dwaycoyr] here in- 
 tended can hardly be any other 
 than the summary arrest at the 
 risk of the prosecutor, the ex- 
 istence of which has been main- 
 tained on Androt. § 26. 
 
 €1 ^ovXoiTo] ' at the option 
 of the party' K. It is amusing 
 to see the Scholiast explaining 
 to which of the parties this op- 
 tion belonged. 
 
 T<^ 5' dXovTi] 'any one con- 
 victed of the crimes for which 
 
 these arrests are allowed:' the 
 article marks off d7ra7W7ai as a 
 technical term. 
 
 OVK iyyv7]Ta.s /caracrnja'ai'Ti} 
 Of course a sneer at Androtion 
 and the others relieved by T.'s 
 decree, as though they were on 
 a level with common thieves. 
 The construction is ovk ivo/xo- 
 6iT7)aev or oiiK elirev (G. H. 
 Schaefer) : the infinitive would 
 here require fj.r\. 
 
 § 114. e/c KvKdov'] The three 
 great public gymnasia of Athens 
 were all without the fortifica- 
 tions, but immediately adjoin- 
 ing them. The Lyceum lay 
 due east of the city : the Aca- 
 demy to the N.W. just beyond 
 the outer Cerameicus ; the Cyno- 
 sarges to the N.E. close to the 
 foot of Mount Lycabettus, and 
 a little to the N. of the Lyceum 
 (see the map of Athens in Diet. 
 Geocjr. Vol. i. between pp. 272 — 
 3). As Benseler observes, the 
 words e/c yvfj.vafflwv show that 
 the smaller or private gymnasia 
 were protected by the same laws 
 as the three great ones. The 
 principle, that crime for which 
 there are especial facilities must 
 be repressed by severer punish- 
 ments, is not unknown to mo- 
 dern legislation. 
 
 i/ictrio!'] This is i] tQiv Xutto- 
 dvTwv aTrayuyr], 'the Apagoge 
 (in its technical sense) or sum-
 
 •36.] 
 
 RATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 181 
 
 el Twv'^ axevcov n rcov e« rcof yv/jivaaLwv v(f)e\oiTo 
 rj e« Tcoi' XtfMevcov, virep SeKa Spa^fjud^;, koX tovtoi<; 
 ddvarov ivofioOerrjcrev eivai rrjv i^rip,lav. el he rt? 
 IBiav Slktjv K\o7rrj^ dXolr}, iiirdp'^eLv fxev uvtm SlttX/i- 
 atov cnroTelaaL to Ti/j-rjOev, TrpocrTi/xfjcraL S' e^elvai rw 
 SiKacTTrjptQ) 7rpo9 tw dpyvplo) Becrfiov roj KXeTTTrj, 
 irivd' r//jLepa<i koL vvKTWi^, ottco? opwev drravre^ ainov 
 BeSep-evov. koI tovtcov 6\l<ya) irpoTepov rjKovaare 
 
 ° ri eK tQv Bens, cum ZTfir. -q ei twv B1. ^ ruv ceteri. 
 P add. iffas Z Bens. Bl. 
 
 mary arrest which is the well- 
 known punishment of clothes- 
 stealers,' of c. Conon. p. 1256 
 § 1, where see Sandys. 
 
 (TKfvuiv] Here the ' utensils ' 
 of the gymnasia, of which the 
 \r]Kvdiov or oil-cruet is taken as 
 a sample, the ' stores ' of the 
 ports. Another familiar usage 
 of TO. (jKivr) is for the ' proper- 
 ties ' of the theatre, including 
 the dresses; as in v. 12 of the 
 Frogs, and elsewhere in Aris- 
 toph. 
 
 virip oiKa opaxMas] This sum 
 marks the inferior limit of or- 
 dinarij theft, as 50 drachmas 
 the superior : below it are the 
 merely trifling ofifences of which 
 alone, as we have seen, the Kara. 
 OT)fj.ov$ oiKacral could take cog- 
 nisance. So English law for- 
 merly divided robbery into petty 
 larceny, grand larceny, and fe- 
 lony. The best modern Edd. , 
 and K.'.s translation, jdace a 
 comma at XifjUvwv, thus con- 
 necting the clause virip o^ku 
 opaxfiOLi with both -yv/xvacrlwv 
 and XifjAvujv. This scunis better 
 than to punctuate at ii(f)i\oi.ro 
 and make the smallest thefts 
 from the gymnasia capital felo- 
 
 nies. Property in exposed situ- 
 ations might be thought suffici- 
 ently protected, if stealing it to 
 the amount of ' ordinary ' thefts 
 were punished as ' aggravated ' 
 theft. 
 
 ibiav ZIki)v'\ The safe remedy 
 for the poor man, who could 
 not afford 1000 drachmas in 
 case of failure, in Androt. § 27 : 
 
 ^LKa^OV kXoTT^S it fib's Cnai.T7]T7)V , 
 
 /cat ov KivdweiKTeLS. 
 
 vwdpx^i-v fj^v ai}7(f5] ' he should 
 be required : ' depending, hke 
 elvai. preceding, upon evofiod^- 
 Trjaev. 
 
 7rpo(7Tt/.i^crai. . .7rp6s TijS dfiyvpiif)] 
 A good instance of the proper 
 and, as has been contended, 
 the only meaning of ■n-poffri.ixa.v, 
 ' to impose an additional pe- 
 nalty : ' cf. ^§ 2, 103. The latter 
 passage will also illustrate 5e- 
 aij.6v, for the more usual Oiup.ov. 
 
 ir^vO^ rjfxipai koL vvKraz] See 
 the various readings. In § 105 
 the MSS. and Edd. give vvKras 
 iaas without variation. 
 
 Sttus opipfv . .5(5{/x^of'\ = de5^- 
 adai iv Tri iroOOKaKKT} rbv irdSa, 
 §105. Otherwise OiOicrOai would 
 of course simply mean ' to be 
 put in prison.'
 
 182 KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. [§§ 114-118. 
 
 115 Tcov vo/xoiv. aiero yap Betv top ye ra at(T')(^pa 
 [epya'^^ ipya^ofxei'ov firj a vcjieLXeTO fxovov aTrohovra 
 d7rr]\Xd-)^6ai (ttoWoi yap avTa> eSoKOVV ovrco y 01 
 KXeirrai ecreadai, el fxeWoiev \ad6vT6<i iiev e^ecv, /xrj 
 \a66vTe<i S' avrd fiovov Karadrjcreiv a v^eCKovro^), 
 nWd ravra fiev SiirXdaia Karadelvai, heOevra he 
 7rp6<; TOVTO) Tw Tifirjfiari ev ala'^vvrj ^rjv yjBr]^ top 
 dXXov jSioi'. aXX ov TtfjbOKparrj'i, aXX ottw? airXd 
 p,ev, a Set SiTrXdaia, Karadrjaovai TrapecTKevacre, pbT]h 
 
 116 OTiovv 8' iTTirifMiov ecrrai Trpo? tovtoi'?. koI ovk aire- 
 ')^pT}a'ev virep tcov fieXXovrcov avTu> ravT aocKelv, 
 dXXa Kai et Tt<; ap rjBiKr]Ka><;*' KeKoXa(r/x€vo<i rjv, kul 
 TOVTOv dcprjKev. Kalrot eycoy' oifxriv Setv top vofiode- 737 
 rovvra irepl rwv fxeXXovrojv eaecrdat, ola Bel yiyve- 
 
 1 ifrja. 07)1. Bekk. Bl. Illud 2Ti2r. ■■ d v(f>el\ovTo om. 
 
 Z Bekk. Bens. Bl. cum 2Tfi. « ^rjv iidv ks BL, rjov tvv cett. 
 
 ' add. Kai Z Bekk, Bens. Bl. cum Ubrls plerisque omnibus. 
 
 % 115. TO. aiffxpo- '^py^^ ^py°- found out had only to refund it.' 
 
 before epya^ofxevov might with So K. very nearly, 
 
 equ.al probabiUty be omitted, if iirLTifj.iop'\ = iTraiTiov § 105, or 
 
 genuine, or inserted, if absent. the more usual TrpoaTifj.r]/j.a. 
 
 In such a case the authority of g 116. ai)ry] goes with ciTre- 
 
 2, supported by other good XPV<^^^^ ravra with dbiKuv, 'he 
 
 MSS., goes a long way; and the was not contented with acting 
 
 oeii/oTTjs of the passage, most thus unjustly.' Cf. § 79 airi- 
 
 will think, is improved by the xpvc^^ avrip. 
 
 addition. KsKoXacr/xevos rjii] Not ' had 
 
 oTTTjAXax^aO cf. XeXvcrdai, § been punished (and was free),' 
 
 60 71.: aTraXXd^erat (or (XTTTyXXd- but 'had been sentenced (and 
 
 lerat?), § 85 7i. was now undergoing punish- 
 
 TToXXoi oi KXeirraL] 'the nient).' 
 
 thieves, he thought, would in VA"?"] 'I used to think,' i.e. 
 
 that case (ourw) be numerous as K. 'I always imagined;' not 
 
 enough: ' preserving the force of simply ' I thought ' (aor.). 
 
 the article in translation. As ola Set] 'what men's actions 
 
 iSoKovv av would have been fol- should be, and how everything 
 
 lowed by el ^/xeXXov, 1 now omit should be regulated.' E. W. 
 
 it, with Bl. and Weil. rds TL/j.wpias oiroias nvai is moi^e 
 
 ei /j.eXXoiev...v(peiXoi'To] 'if forcible as well as more elegant 
 
 they could keep their plunder than ovoias nvas rds TipLUjpLas 
 
 when not found out, and being (exquisitior verborum ordo, G.
 
 p. 737.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 183 
 
 ad at Kol &)<? eKaar e^^eti^, Kal Ta<i Ti/u,(iipia<; oiroia^ 
 TLvd<i i(j) eKdaToi<; Set rot? dhiKrjfiaatv elvai, Trepl 
 Tovrwv vo/xodeTelv. rovro 'yap eaTt to icf) cnraat 
 Tot? iroXiratf; koivov<; tov^ v6/j,ov<; riOevaL. to Be 
 T-epl Touv yeyovoTOiv irpayfiaTcov v6/jlov<? ypd(f)eiv ov 
 vo/xodeTelv eaTLV, dXXd Tov<i aBiKovuTa'i aw^eiv. <jko- 
 
 117 TTelre h\ ux; aXrjOri Xeyo), e« tcovBl. el fiev yap 
 EiKTrjfXcov edXco t>]v twv irapavopbwv ypa(f)r]i>, ovk dv 
 edrjKe tovtov top vofxov 6 TLfj,0KpdTr]<;, ovS' dv eSeW 
 r) TToXt? tovtov tov vofiov, dXX e^T]pKeL dv avTol<; 
 aTrecTTepijKocn T-qv ttoXiv tu ^prj/MUTa twv dXXcov 
 fit) <f)povTL^et,v. vvv K , eireiBr) d7re(f>vye, to fiev y/xere- 
 pov Boyfxa Kal Trjv tov BiKaaTripiov ■\frrj(f)ov /cat tov^: 
 dXXovi vofjbov; uKvpovi oieTui Belv eivat, avTOv Be Kal 
 
 118 TOV avTov vofMov Kvpiov. KacTot, CO Ti/jiOKpaTe'i, 01 
 fj,ev 6vT€<; rjfilv KvpioL vopLOL tovtovctI iroLovcn Kvpiov^ 
 
 H. Schaefer) : and irepi tovtojv 
 is merely an emphatic repeti- 
 tion (epanalepsis) of irepl tuv 
 fjLfWdvTttiv IfffffOai. 
 
 Koivoiis ToOs fOfuivs TLdevat.] ' to 
 enact the laws impartially:' 
 like 7roX\oi...oi /cXeTrrat in the 
 last section. 
 
 §§ 117—119. Real motives 
 of Timocrates : Attic law gives 
 large discretionary powers to 
 Juries in awarding punishment : 
 Timocrates icuuld deprive them 
 of these powers for the benefit 
 of the vilest criminals. 
 
 § 117. fi fjAv yap EvKTri/jLuiv 
 id\u] His decree is described 
 § 13, and a{,'aiu referred to in 
 § 101 : the unsuccessful im- 
 peachment of it, § 14. 
 
 oC'o' av iOi'iTo] ' the state would 
 not have wanted the law : ' a 
 smart way of saying that T. 
 and Ills friends would never 
 have found out that it was 
 
 wanted : 'they would have been 
 content, after robbing the state 
 of its money, to let everything 
 else alone.' 
 
 a.iri(pvye\ The subject is here 
 Euctemon : in § 14 it was Euc- 
 temon's law (/cara tov% fd/j-ovs 
 ^5o^ev € I pijcr 6 ai /cat direcpvye). 
 That of okrai is of course Ti- 
 mocrates. 
 
 itixirepov bbyixa.'] The jury are 
 once more identified with the 
 Ecclesia which passed P^ucte- 
 mon's decree (cf. § 11, Ifi) : 
 the ' verdict of the court ' will 
 include both the acquittal of 
 Euctemon and the condemna- 
 tion of Androtion and liis col- 
 lea;^'ues. 
 
 §118. KUplOi v6fXCI....T0VTOV(rl 
 
 ...Kvpiovi] Forcibly contrasted 
 with ai'Tdi' 5^ /coi rov avroO 
 vbixov Kvpiov above. T. claims 
 tliat liis law and his personal 
 will shall prevail : instead of
 
 184 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§ 118-121. 
 
 airuvTwv, Kol ScSoaacv avroi<i aKovcraa-tv, oirolov dv 
 Ti vo/jLi^coaL TO dhitCTj^a, roiavrr] irepl rod rjSc/crjKOTO'i 
 XPV^^Oac rfj opyfj, fxeya fjueyaXj}, /j,iKp6v ixiicpa. orav 
 yap fj rt -x^prj Tradelv ^ aTrorelcrac, to" Ti/xdv iirl rov- 
 119 Tot9 'yi'yveTai. av tolvvv to Tradelv dcj)aipel<; tov he- 
 afxov a(f)L€i^' Koi Tavra tIctl ; rot? KXeTTTai^;, rot? lepo- 
 crv\oi<;, T0t9 TraTpaXoiaa, Tol<i du8po(j)6voi<i, Tot9 dcnpa- 
 TevTOi<i, Tot<i XiiTovaL Ta<i Td^ec<i' tovtov; yap 7rdvTa<i 
 crw^ei? Tw vofxw. KaLTOi 6aTi,<; iv SrjfMOKpaTta vofjuode- 
 T(ou ix7]d virep Twvlepoiv jxrjd^ virep tov Stj/iov vofioOeTel, 
 aW virep obv eiirov dpTL(o<;, ttcS? ov BtKaio'i iaTi ttj^ 
 
 " t6 om. Bens. Bl. cum pr. S. 
 
 that, it is the existing laws 
 {()VTe$ = ndtxevoi) which are con- 
 stitutionally in force, and they 
 give the control of everything 
 to the jury. 
 
 KoL diddacriv . . . fUKphv /xiKpf] 
 ' and empower them, after hear- 
 ing the case, to deal more or 
 less rigorously with the offender 
 according to the character (in 
 their opinion) of his offence.' 
 So K., and a literal rendering is 
 hardly possible. According to 
 the common punctuation, the 
 construction of fx^ya /xeydXr], 
 fxiKphv ni.Kpa must be supplied 
 from oiroiov &v n ^o/uifwcrt to 
 ddiK-rjfjLa, and is equivalent to 
 (av fiev fiiya popLi^cocri, fnydXri 
 (Xpfi<JdaL TTj opy^y edv ok fXLKphv, 
 IxiKpa. Another pointing is fa- 
 voured by Bekker and Benseler: 
 ixiya ; txeyoKri, fiiKpov ; fiiKpqi. ' Is 
 it great? then (their anger is 
 great'), &c. This seems to me 
 too jerky for Demosthenes' 
 style. 
 
 orav yap rj 6 ti. xP'J] The 
 reading of the best MSS. ; 'for 
 when the question is what pe- 
 nalty, corporal or pecuniary, is 
 
 to be imposed, the assessment 
 of it is vested in the jury.' The 
 older reading, 6Tav yap fi to tI 
 XPV--', would mean 'when the 
 expression (or formula) occurs.' 
 
 iradeLV 17 airoTeiffat, §§ 63 71., 
 105. 
 
 § 119. TO iraOelv dcpatpels] 
 You take away the iradelv, and 
 leave only the diroTelaaL, which 
 is not enough. 
 
 Toh KkiiTTaLs K.T.X.] We have 
 had this fallacy once already, 
 § 102 ff., where see notes. I 
 think it unlikely that Demosth. 
 should have reiterated so bad 
 an argument, though he may 
 have used it once : an additional 
 reason for suspecting inter- 
 polation in this part of the 
 speech. 
 
 Toh dcTTpaTeiJTois, tois XtTroOcri 
 rds Ta^eis] On this distinction 
 see § 103 n. The MSS. are 
 pretty equally divided between 
 Xeiwovat and XtTroOcrt: the present 
 participle, which is also the 
 reading of 2, seems more suit- 
 able. 
 
 irws ov oiKaids ecrrt] TrtDs ovxl 
 diKaidii oTLOvv dv irddois § 95
 
 p. 738.] KATA TIMOKPATOT^. 
 
 185 
 
 1 20 eV;YaT;;? Tifi(opia<; rv)(^elv ; ov yap 8rj ipet ye fo? T01/9 738 
 TotovTOVi ov Kal irpoarjKec Koi 01 vofMoc KeXevovac 
 rat? fieylaratii Ti/x(i)plai<; iv6)(ov<i elvai, ovB^ &>? ovtol, 
 inrkp (OV evprjKe tov vofjLOV, ov Kal KkeTnai Kat lepocrv- 
 \oi elai, TO, fiev lepd, ra^ Se/cdra^; t?}9 deov Kal ra'i 
 7r€vrrjK0(TTa<; twv dWoiv Oecov, aeavXrjKore'^ Kal dvri 
 TOV dirohovvai avrol e'^ovT€<;, rd S' oata, d eyiyt'ero 
 vfiirepa, KeKXocfyore^. 8ia<f)epet 8e roaovrov aiirwv 
 
 rj lepoavXia twv dWwv, on ri)v dp~^r]v ovS avijvey- 
 
 121 Kav el<i TTjv aKpoTToXiv, Seov avTov^. ot/jiai 8e vrj tov 
 
 extr. and elsewhere. Of this 
 sentuiieiit, also, we have a little 
 too much in these speeches. 
 
 §§ 120, 121. Androtion and 
 hU colleagues have committed 
 not merely robberies but tlie 
 worst of sacrilefie ; their madness 
 would seem to be a judijnwnt 
 from the goddess herself, like 
 the fate of those who mutilated 
 the statue of Victory. 
 
 § 120. evpriKe tov uofxov] ' He 
 has invented, devised this pre- 
 cious law of his.' The true 
 reading, instead of the impos- 
 sible tiprjKi which is never found 
 with vdfiov, is preserved by S 
 and another (corrected) MS. and 
 has carried conviction to the 
 minds of all critics. 
 
 rds oexaraj] ' Minerva of the 
 Parthenon received the tithe of 
 the plunder, and of captures, 
 and also of certain fines; while 
 others were paid to the temples 
 without any deduction, together 
 with the titlie either of all or a 
 large proportion of confiscated 
 property. Tlie tithes of Minerva 
 are mentioned in connexion 
 with the fiftieths of other gods, 
 and of the heroes of the triljes 
 {4irwvvfioc) ; the latter were j)! o- 
 bably similar percentages, and 
 must not be confounded with 
 
 the custom duty of the fiftieth,' 
 Boeckh P. E. p. ■^•2^=Sthh:^ i. 
 399. It is shown in Diet. Antiq. 
 (new edition) that no tithe of 
 land, in the ordinary sense, 
 existed in Attica. For the tithe 
 of the spoils of war Boeckh 
 refers to § 129 below, airoffTipdv 
 rets airb tQiv vixeripoiv iroKfpiiwv 
 demras : and to Lys. c. Poly- 
 strat. § 24 eXriL^6fj.r]v...uia''€ ttj 
 deep re ras deKarai i^aipedrjvat. 
 ttX^ov rj TpiaKOVTO. /uLuas Kai rois 
 (TTpaTLiliTacs eis (TioTTjplav. As to 
 another passage be appears to 
 be mistaken : in Andoc. de Myst. 
 § 1.S8 dpxuPT]s eyevero rrji irev- 
 TriKocrTrjs TpiTov iro^ can only 
 refer to the two per cent, im- 
 port duty. Cf. Harpocrat. s. v. 
 biKCLTiviiv : Phot. s. v. aSeKand- 
 Tovs: Diet. Antiq. s. v. 'Decu- 
 loiie.' 
 
 TTjii dpxv" °'^^^ a.vr)veyKav\ 
 'that they never brought the 
 money into the Acropolis at all, 
 when they were bound to do 
 so.' Why this was worse sa- 
 crilege than taking it out of the 
 treasury does not appear. 
 
 ■5 121. dirb TavTo/jLaTov] 'by 
 accident ' K., 'zufiillig' Benseler : 
 opp. to (■Knriiji<pOu(Tav, 'the re- 
 sult of judicial blindness.'
 
 186 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOT2. [§§ 121-123. 
 
 Aia Tov OXv/jLTTtov, (i) av8pe<; BtKaarai, ovk niro rav- 
 To/xdrov Ti]v v^piv Kal rrjv VTreprjcfjaviav eTreXdelv 
 AvSpoTiaivi, aXX' viro rrj'i deov €'7ri7rep,(f)6€laav, iV, 
 wcnrep oi ra aKpcortjpia t?}? Nt/c?;? TrepiKoyjravre^ 
 aTTcoXovT avTOi vcf)' avToJv, ovrw koI ovtoi avrol 
 ai/T0(9 OLKa^o/ievoL airoXoivro, Kal to. y^prjixaTa Kara- 
 Oelev heKairXdaia Kara rov<i v6/jlov<s tj Stidelev. 
 122 BofA-o/iat 8' v/xlv, o fjiera^v Xiycov Trepl tovtcov 
 iveOvfiridrjv, elirelv irepl ov reOeiKe vofiov, TrapdBo^ov 
 Tc, dav/xacTTOv tjXlkov. ovto^ J^Rj ^ avhpe'i BtKaarac, 
 
 TO, a.KpwTr)pia rrjs XiV-?;?] These 
 men had 'mutilated' (cf. Mid. 
 p. 562 § 147 T0!>5 'Ep/xas irepL- 
 iKotrrev) the chryselephantine 
 statue of Victor}' by cutting off 
 the golden ornaments or ' ex- 
 tremities.' It seems hardly 
 worth while to raise the ques- 
 tion whether aKpwrripLa could 
 mean ' wings ' as the Scholiast 
 explains it: the reference is, 
 almost certainly, not to the 
 temple of Nike Apteros, still 
 extant, but to the figure of 
 Victory held in the hand of the 
 great statue of Athena. Nothing 
 further is known of the incident. 
 
 airuikovTO avToi vcp^ avTwv^ 
 The Scholiast in telling the 
 story throws no light upon the 
 meaning of this exjjressiou : 
 he merely repeats the words. 
 K. translates 'perished by their 
 own hands : ' it is not necessary 
 to infer suicide, and we get a 
 closer parallel to the case of 
 Androtion and his associates 
 if, with Benseler, we suppose 
 that they quarrelled over the 
 division of the spoil and so 
 were brought to justice. 
 
 dLKa'^fxtvoC] The reading of 
 the inferior MSS. oiadiKai'Sp-evoi 
 would imply that they were 
 
 ruined by the diadLKaaia (§ 13) 
 which determined the question 
 of liability as between them 
 and the trierarchs. But this 
 would not account for the ten- 
 fold forfeiture. The text is 
 rightly rendered by K. and Ben- 
 seler : ' by litigating among 
 themselves,' ' dass sie durch 
 ilire eignen Prozesse stiirzen 
 mochten.' 
 
 § 12 '2. A pretended after- 
 thought. Why did Timocrates 
 j/ointt'dly except all connected 
 icith the fanning of taxes from 
 the operation of his law? This 
 is a repetition of the argument 
 of §§ 59, 60 : and the real reason 
 was, as we have seen, that the 
 Atiieniaus would not have stood 
 any weakening of their hold 
 over the reXw^at and their 
 sureties. 
 
 Trapddo^dv rt] The well-sup- 
 ported variant wapaXoybv (Ai2 
 Tkrs and yp. SF) would mean 
 precisely the same thing. The 
 two words are joined together 
 by the author of i. Aristog. 
 p. 78U § 32 e/c 5^ TOV Trapado^ov 
 Kal wapaXoyov. 
 
 dav/xacTov i]\iKov] 'something 
 extraordinary, wonderfully so' 
 K. W. rightly : Lat. mirum
 
 p. 739] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 187 
 
 Tot? /Ltev TCI reXt] o)vovfJ,evoi<; eypayfre Td<i Ti/jLcopiWi 
 elrai, el fj,rj Kara/SaXoiev to. -^pyj/jLara, Kara roif<; v6- 
 fMov^ T0U9 7rpoT€pov<;, iv ol<i Kal 6 Be(r/j,6<i koI r] SiirXa- 
 cria 'ye'ypaiTTaL dvdpcoTroL^, o'l Blcl to l^rj/xiovaOai iirl 
 rfi covfj uKopTeii e/jieXXov rijv ttoXlv dSiKijcreiv Tot<i 8' 
 vcjiaipovfievoi^; rd r?}? TToXeco? Kal lepoavXovac ra tt}? 
 6eov Tov Secr/jLOP dcf)6TX€v. KaiTOL^ el fxev eXnTTO) rov- 
 Tovi nSiKelv eKeivcov vofxicrat 0??cre/?, dvdjKrj fMuive- 
 adai <j ofioXo'yelv, el he jxei^o) vop,L^a)v, wairep eanv, 739 
 [^eKelva rdhtK-qixara] tov<; /u,ev d(^lr}<i^, rou? he fiT], ovk 
 ■tjhi] S^\o9 el ireirpaKOi^i to irpd'yp.a tovtol^ ; 
 123 "A^iov Toivvv Kal tovt elirelv, oaov vfMel<; hia(f)e- 
 per , Q) avBpe<; hiKaarai, /j,ey aXoippocrivr] twv prjTO- 
 pcov. vfieU fieu ye tuttI ru> 7rXr}6et vevojJioOerriixeva 
 
 " /cat Z cum 2 {qui tamen Kairoi. in yp.). 
 ^ d<pieis Z Bens, acpuls Cobet. 
 
 quantum. As Shilleto points undesei-vingand worthless men. 
 
 out de F. L. p. 368 §87=98 Examples of better men who 
 
 wi davfjidffL i}\iKa Tr(iff6iJLfvoi,6av- have been punished, while the 
 
 fxaffToi' is practically adverbial. men who have bribed the de- 
 
 Cf. ib. p. 348 § 24 = 27. fendant are to get off. 
 
 Ota rb i'rj/uoOffdai iiri tj (iv^] § 123. Athenian law does 
 
 'owing to losses upon their not spare the poor who offend, 
 
 biddings or contracts ' as reXw- however sorely tempted, much 
 
 vat. K. gives the general sense : less the rich: but (§ 124) these 
 
 'by having made a bad bar- orators show the hatred of up- 
 
 gain.' startti for the class from whicli 
 
 TovTovf...eK(ii'ui'...iK€iva rdSt- they aprany. 
 
 K-qfj-aTo] The meaning is quite ra iwi ri^ TrXrjdei uevopLodeTt]- 
 
 clear, but the use of the pro- /x^va oeivd] ' the severe enact- 
 
 nouns rather tortuous, (Kflva ments against the multitude:' 
 
 being = TO tovtuv, not rd (K(i- the sense of eVi, 'applying to' 
 
 vwv. On change of pronouns (§ 59 ;/.), passes imperceptibly 
 
 referring to the same person, into that of ' against.' The last 
 
 compare note" on Plat. Protag. correctfir of 2 has eirl twi> ttXov- 
 
 310i>, 3lHc. ffluji', manifestly against the 
 
 S^Xot (I TTcirpaKwt] 'is it not sense; one among many exam- 
 plain that you have sold your pies which prove that Zi does 
 services to them for a bribe?' not merely rcpn;sciit tlic best 
 
 §§123—138. TimocratLs' law tradition of the Demosthenic 
 
 is for the benefit of notoriously text, but has often been inju-
 
 188 KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. [§§ 123-125. 
 
 Secvci, euv Ti<i i] Si^odev fiicrdocpopfj i) 6<^el\oiv tu> Stj- 
 fioa-icp eKKXijcrid^r} rj StKa^rj rj aXXo n ttolt} Sv ol 
 vofioL d-rrayopevovacu, ou Xvere, kuI ravT eiSoT€9 ore 
 oia ireviav dv^ iroiy'jaeLev 6 tovtwv ti ttolwv, ovhe 
 vofiov^ TocovTovi Ttdead', '6'iTai<i i^ovaia earai,^ i^a- 
 fiaprelv, aXXd rovvavi lov ott&j? fxrj' ovroi h\ ottco^ ol 
 ra aicr)^iaTa koL rd Seivorara Trotovvre^; Siktjv fir) 
 124 Swaovatv. elra 7rpo7rr)\aKi^ovaiv v/xd<i Ihla toU 
 Xoyoa, ft)? avTol Kokol KayaOoi, irov-qpaiv Koi d')(^a- 
 pia-Tcov oiKercov rpo-rrov^ €-)(^ovTe^. koI 'yap eKelvwv, 
 (O avSpe^ hiKaarai, oaot dv eXevdepot yevoovrai, ov 
 T% iXevdep[a<i xdpiv e'X^ovcrc Toi<i 8ecr7r6Tai(i, dXXd 
 fita-ovat /jidXca-T dvdpwirwv^, on crvvlaacnv avroU 
 OovXevaaaiv. ovtq) 8t} koX outol ol pr'iTope<i ovk 
 ayaTTwa-iv e'/c 7revr]Tcov irXovatoL diro rrj^ ■TToXeoo'i 
 
 ^ au ovi. BeuR. cuvi Uhris. Illud e coni. Bekk. 
 •'' ^crai avTois Z. '' wdvTwv Dind. cum libris praeter S. 
 
 diciously corrected. — dtx66ei^] fidXiffra irdvTuv dvdpihirwv] For 
 
 ' from both sides.' the omission of iravruv Dindorf 
 
 6(pei\u)v Tip drj/xoa-iifj ^kkXt]- refers to Pantaen. p. 980 § 49 
 
 ctai"??] The spirit which prompt- /XLa-rjdeLTjs w ScKatdrar' dvdpihivuv. 
 
 ed this legislation has been Benseler gives further refer- 
 
 indicated in a note ou Androt. ences which abundantly justify 
 
 § 48. the reading of 2. 
 
 Xi^ere] 'repeal,' as § 38 and ovKayawQicnv ...yLyvbij.€vot.'\'a,xe 
 
 elsewhere. KoAiere is a bad cor- not content with raising them- 
 
 rection. ^ selves ' from poverty to wealth : 
 
 5ia wevlav au TroirjaeLev] av, rather than ' with having been 
 
 which might easily have dropt raised' (yevdiMevot). 
 
 out after wevLav, was first added ccTrd tt}? 7r6\ews] ' at the ex- 
 
 LyBekker. Benseler unsuccess- pense of the state,' and so, as 
 
 fully attempts to defend the K. translates, ' through their 
 
 MS. reading.^ ^ _ political career.' dwo often ex- 
 
 § 124. Kal yap iKeivwv] i.e. presses what people live on, or 
 
 not oIkstQu in general, but tto- draw their supplies frorn: i. 
 
 vrjpQiv Kal dxci.pi<TTwv olk. Grati- Phil. p. 49 § 34 dwd twv vfie- 
 
 tude on the part of freedmen ripuju vfj.lv iroXefxel a-vn/xdxuv. 
 
 was not only the rule, but was Thucyd. i. 81 § 4 rds Trpocr65ovs 
 
 enforced by law through the dcpatpriaop.ei' dtp' wv to vavTiKov 
 
 BiKrjdTroffTaaiov. see Diet. Antiq. Tpitpovai. So in the phrases 
 
 s.v. ' Apostasiou Dik6.' -^"qv, dial^fjv dwd ti.vo<;, for which
 
 p. 740.] 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 189 
 
 'yL'yvoixevoi, dWa kol TrpoTrrjXaKi^ovai, to irXfjOo'i, on 
 avvoiSev avTwv ktcdarw'^ to, iv rfj irevia Kac veoTTjrc 
 eTrirrjSev fMara. 
 125 'AXXa V7] At" ala^pov i'cr&j? rfv ^AvBpoTLCOva Be- 
 
 drjvat V T\avK6TT]v i) yieXdvoyTTov ov fia top Ai", co 
 avSpe<; hiKacrrai, aWa ttoXv al'cr)(^iov'^^ rrjv iroXiv dSi- 
 Kovfievrjv /cal v/Sptl^ofievTjv iMrj Xa^elv hiKrjv K.a\ inrep 
 Trj<; Beov koX inrep avTr]<;. eVel 'AvSporicovl ye tto- 
 repa ov irarpwov ro BeSeadac ; dXX avrol 'tare iroX- 74*-^ 
 Xd^ TrevTeTvpiSai; iv tm SecrficoTrjpiai hcarpiy^ravra top 
 
 •= ^Acao-ros Bens, cum 2Fv. eKdaroi^ cett. '' aicrxpov Bens, cum S. 
 
 see the Lexicons : Shilleto on 
 Argum. F. L. notices as ex- 
 ceptional Plato, Laws iii. 679 
 A -3 57J TO ir\el<xrov Sti^wv ' quum 
 a0' -^s in more usurpetur.' Com- 
 pare Cobet, iVor. Lect. p. 573. 
 
 TO. if Ty irevlq. — e7riTj;5ei'/LiaTa] 
 ' how eacli of them used to live 
 in his younger and humbler 
 days ' K. very neatly. 
 
 §§ 125 — 130. Origin and cha- 
 racter of Androtion, Glauketes, 
 and Melnnopus: none surely 
 can have deserved imprisonment 
 more than thene men, who for- 
 sooth will he held up to us as 
 men whom it would be monstrous 
 to imprison. 
 
 § 125. 'AXXd frj Ai'] An- 
 drot. § ti!i n. 
 
 TToXu a/crx'O"] Benseler's at- 
 tempt to make out a case for 
 the reading of 2 is very forced. 
 He says ahxp^" is used sub- 
 stantively ; but such a phrase 
 as aiffxpof Koi htivbv iroiuv in 
 Isocr. Panatb. S '-^03 and De- 
 mosth. c. Aristocr. S 143 does 
 not bring us much nearer the 
 pretended use of ttoXi) alaxpov 
 for fj-iyoi ovtiBoi. 
 
 varpi^ov rb b(oi<jdai] ' is not 
 ImpriBonment an inheritance 
 
 from his father? ' The humour 
 of the passage suggests also 
 the ironical rendering, ' an he- 
 reditary distinction ; ' see the 
 next note. For the fact, cf. 
 Androt. §§ 56, 68. 
 
 TToXXds TrevT€T7)pLba.i\ There 
 is surely comic exaggeration 
 here, even when we remember 
 that TTivTeT-qpls is a period of 
 four years, not five. Nothing 
 is more certain than that long 
 imprisonment was practically 
 unknown to the Greeks, espe- 
 cially to the Athenians ; the}' 
 had neither the appliances in 
 the shape of walls and bars, 
 nor were they willing to incur 
 the expense. Imprisonment be- 
 fore trial was common enough, 
 but would not last long. After 
 trial it was employed either (1) 
 as a way of ' putting on the 
 screw ' to extract payment, in 
 which it was generally success- 
 ful, or (2) as a public stigma 
 put upon disgraceful offences 
 (§g 105, 114), or (3) it preceded 
 execution. In this last case, 
 owing to the insecurity of the 
 building (oU-qixa), the prisoner 
 was chained, and was under the 
 special custody of the Eleven.
 
 190 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [% 125-127. 
 
 irarep avrov kuI airohpavTa, ciXX' ovk cicpedevra. 
 
 126 aXXa Old rd eTriTTjSevfiaTa rd iv Ttj rjXiKia ; dXXd 
 
 Kal hid ravra SeSeadat, avru> ov^ rJTTOV TrpoarjKei, i] 
 
 8i direp u(j)€iX€TO. rj on elarjei el<; rrjv dyopdv ovk 
 
 It is altogether improbable that 
 Androtion's father had spent so 
 much as four consecutive years 
 within the walls of a prison. 
 
 The Scholiast saw the exag- 
 geration of this statement, and 
 says that Demosth. did not 
 mean it literally (dTrXdis), but 
 used the j^lural for the sintrular 
 ad invidiam (ewi to eirax&ecrTe- 
 pov (pepuji' Tov \070j'). In the 
 words Kara wivre ^ttj rjyeTo to. 
 llavadr/vaLa, t6t€ 8e e^T^v acpu- 
 adai TOL'S 5iap.ij)T0LS 5ia. ttjv Travrj- 
 yvpLv, the Schol. appears to 
 have confused two distinct 
 things : a hoUday like that at 
 the Dionysia, when the prison- 
 ers were let out on parole during 
 the festival (Androt. § 68), and 
 an amnesty or kind of sabbati- 
 cal year, involving their entire 
 discharge. We have no evi- 
 dence whatever that such a rule 
 existed in connexion with the 
 Greater Panathenaea (§ 26 «.); 
 and even if there were, the 
 statement that A. 's father 
 ' spent many quinquennial pe- 
 riods in prison ' is not explained 
 by saying that he ' once got the 
 benefit of a quinquennial empty- 
 ing of gaols.' The fact is that 
 a tone of banter runs through 
 the whole passage. 
 
 The late Greek form Treirae- 
 rripioas is here found only in 
 one inferior MS. The texts of 
 some other writers have been 
 less fortunate than that of De- 
 mosthenes ; but the true forms 
 of the compounds of wevre and 
 of other numerals ai'e proved 
 against the MSB. by the incor- 
 
 ruptible evidence of metre and 
 inscriptions, and are insisted 
 upon by Phrynichus. (See Lo- 
 beck, p. 412 ff., or better still 
 Eutherford, p. 489 ; Cobet Var. 
 Led. p. 248.) 
 
 diroSpavTo] In Androt. § 68 
 it was i^opxn<Ta-iJ.evo$, an addi- 
 tional comic touch: A.'s father 
 broke his parole after the Dio- 
 nysiac holiday. This custom 
 must have rested on a well- 
 grounded assumption that an 
 Athenian citizen would prefer 
 a prison to exile (for of course, 
 if he escaped, he could not re- 
 main in the country) ; and is a 
 further proof that the impri- 
 sonment was neither of long 
 duration nor very painful while 
 it lasted (cf. § 131). The con- 
 trast between an Athenian and 
 an English prison (and execu- 
 tion) is drawn out to the disad- 
 vantage of the latter by Prof. 
 Mahaffy, Social Life in Greece, 
 p. 265 £f. Elsewhere, however, 
 he does not disguise the fact 
 that the avoidance of certain 
 repulsive features of our mo- 
 dern practice was accompanied 
 by a singular indifference to 
 human life. A state which 
 punished capitally the usurpa- 
 tion of the franchise by a non- 
 voter (Androt. § 48 n.) was 
 clearly at no loss to dispose of 
 its ' criminal classes.' 
 
 § 126. TO. eTTtrr/Sei^/oara to. ev 
 TTj rjXiKiq.] Ironically, in refer- 
 ence to the charge of iraipriais, 
 Androt. §§ 21, 29, 73.— 5i' aVep 
 v<pil\eTo ' because of his pecula- 
 tions.'
 
 p. 740.] 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 191 
 
 i^ov avTO), Kal ex ravrrj^; roii^ aa>(f)p6v(o<; ^e^icoKora^; 
 auTo? 77761/ ei? TO heafjiioTripLov ; dWa MeX,af<y7ro9 
 heivov vr) Ai" iariv el SedtjcreadaL vvv efieWev dWd 
 Trepl jxev rod irarpo'^ avrov ovSev dv (j>\avpov €t7rot/j.c, 
 127 ouS' el Trdvv ttoXX' e;^a) Trept /cXott?;? Xiyecv, aW' 
 ecrroj e/xol eKelvo'i ye tolovto<; olov dv Tt/j.oKpdrrj'i 
 avTOV ejKcofMtdaeiev. aW' el ')^pr]arov irarpoi; wv 
 
 flff-QCi els Trjv dyopav ovk i^bv 
 airripl As r]TaipT]K(ljs he was or 
 deserved to be aTifios, and there- 
 fore exchided from the dyopd. 
 Cf. €15 Tr]v a-fOpdv e^i-'^aXK-Q, above 
 § 103 n. 
 
 fiyev eh to decrfjLur-qpioi'] His 
 acts of oppression detailed in 
 Androt. §§ 52, 56. 
 
 ^IfXdvwTTos] Nothing isknown 
 of him except what may be 
 gathered from the present pas- 
 sage, and one additional fact 
 recorded b}- Harpocration s. v. 
 that he was the brother-in-law 
 <K7;5e<Tr7js) of the orator Dio- 
 phantus. It has been thought 
 improbable that he was the son 
 of the well-known general in 
 the Peloponnesian war, killed 
 at Mantinea in 418 (Thucyd. v. 
 74): and Droysen (quoted by 
 Benseler) thought that his fa- 
 ther was to be identified with 
 a Laches mentioned by Lysias 
 (adv. Simon, g 45) as general in 
 392, and himself a son of the 
 more famous Laches. But Ben- 
 seler argues that as Androtion, 
 MelanopuH and Glauketes were 
 all three old men, he may after 
 all have been the son of a man 
 who lost his life 05 years before. 
 The father was evidently a man 
 of some note, and Demosth. 
 * will not speak a word against 
 him, though he might say a 
 good deal about certain thieve- 
 ries.' Now tlie elder Laches 
 
 was the son of Melanopus, of 
 the deme Aexonae; he was 
 recalled b.c. 426 from the com- 
 mand in Sicily, where he had 
 made a ' pot of money ' {ai/j.- 
 ^\ov xplP^drwv Aristoph. Vesp. 
 241) for which he was to be 
 prosecuted by Cleon : and he is 
 almost certainly the Ao/St;? Al- 
 ^wveus impeached by the k6(j)v 
 KvdaOrjfauvs (i. e. Cleon) for 
 ' devouring the Sicilian cheese 
 all to himself ' (ib. 895 ff.). The 
 point is well brought out in 
 Diet. Biogr. s.v. 'Laches; ' and 
 the received view is probably 
 the right one. 
 
 § 127. 0(01' dv . . .eyKijiixLaffeuv'] 
 ' For all that 1 have to say, let 
 the father be as excellent a man 
 as Timocrates would make him 
 out,' K. But there is further, 
 I think, an insinuation of 'ex- 
 travagant praise ' or ' puffery ' 
 in eyKWfudffeiev, which Benseler 
 accordingly translates ' huraus- 
 streichen,' 'puff him off.' Athe- 
 nian custom allowed the merits 
 of a parent to be urged on a 
 trial, as it put up with the less 
 relevant appeal of the weeping 
 children of tlie accused. (Lys. 
 c. Polystr. § 34. Aristoph. Vesp. 
 976.) Snch claims did not, how- 
 ever, count for much when the 
 people were really exasperated. 
 If we condemn the Atiicnians 
 for the fate of the younger Peri- 
 cles, one of the six generals at
 
 192 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [% 127, 128. 
 
 TTovrjpo'i KoX K\e7rrr}<i rjv Kol irpohoaia'i y a\ov<i rpia 
 ToKavTa aTreretae, Kal avveSpou yevofxevov KXoTrrjv 
 avTov TO hiKacnrjpLOv Kareyvw Koi heKaTrXaaiov mre- 
 reicre, Kal irapeiTpecr^evaaro et? Myvirrov, Kal Tov<i 
 d8e\<pov<i TOV'^ eavTov rjhiKet, ou toctoutu) fxdWov 
 aiirov eSet heheadai, el ■)(pr]aTov 7rarpo<i wv TOiovTO<i 
 T]v ; ol/xai yap eycoy, eiirep rw ovri p^^pr^crro? ijv Aa- 
 ^779 Kal (pLkoTToXiii, vir' aurou av eKeivov Sedrjvat 
 
 Arginusae, we may be reminded 
 that Admiral ByiiR was himself 
 the son of a man who had won 
 his peerage in the same pro- 
 fession. 
 
 Kal TTpoSoaias ye a\ovs Tpia 
 rdXavra dTr^Teiae] One of the 
 passages which prove that 
 ' treason ' was not always capi- 
 tally punished. In [Demosth.] 
 c. Theocrin. extr. we read of a 
 fine of ten talents for the same 
 offence. The law of irpoboaia 
 was extremely elastic : Diet. 
 Antiq. s.v. 'Prodosia. ' 
 
 Kal crvvedpov yevofj.ii'ov] ' when 
 he had been a member of con- 
 gress ; ' i.e. of the congress of 
 allies, held under the new ar- 
 rangement after b.c. 377 upon 
 more equitable principles as 
 regards the dependent states. 
 This is K.'s rendering of the 
 word when it occurs below § 150 : 
 and he would have done better 
 to translate it so here, instead 
 of ' when he was his colleague.' 
 It is not likely that Melanopus' 
 frauds were tried in the same 
 court in which they had been 
 committed. The monies he 
 had misapplied were clearly sa- 
 cred, as is shown by the 5eKa- 
 TrXacLQv: and Benseler thinks 
 that he had been one of the 
 ' assessors ' (Beisitzer) to the 
 king-archon in a case of sacri- 
 
 lege, who, he declares, were also 
 called ffvveSpoi. He gives no 
 proofs ; and in this sense we 
 should rather expect trdpedpos. 
 The peculations, on the other 
 hand, may very easily have 
 been connected with some tem- 
 ple, like that at Delos, belong- 
 ing to the allies. 
 
 It is right to mention, as a 
 point in Benseler's favour, that 
 these avveBpoi seem to have been 
 representatives of the allies, not 
 of the Athenians. See inscrip- 
 tions in Hicks, pp. 181, 287 = 
 C. I. A. ii. 64 and 332. Com- 
 pare Isocr. de Pace § 29, ^V... 
 j3La('(J}fj.eda ras TroXets crvvTa^eis 
 5i56»'at Kal (TVV^5povi evOdde nip.- 
 ■wei.v. 
 
 TrapeTrpecr^evcraTo els Myvirrov] 
 'he betrayed his duty on an 
 embas.sy to Egj'pt.' This was 
 not the occasion mentioned in 
 § 12, when he was ambassador 
 to Mausolus in Caria. In this 
 sense wpeajSeveLV is commonly 
 used : while trpea^evfadai the 
 ' causal ' middle is ' to send an 
 embassy, cause ambassadors to 
 go:' like diddaKeLv, SLddcTKeadaL. 
 Hence the form ol irapairpecx^ei- 
 ovTes de F. L. p. 401 § 191 = 211 
 is more regular than that now 
 before us. We find, however, 
 Trapairpea-^evTjTai. in Plato, Laws 
 XII. 941 A.
 
 p. 741.] KATA TLMOKPATOTS. 
 
 193 
 
 aVTOV TOLOVTOV J OVTU KoX oyTtw? ai(7^pol<i oveihecTi 
 TrepL/SdWovT eKelvov, koL tovtov fjuev 8rj idofxei', 
 128 rXavK€T7]v 8e (TKe-^coiieOa. oJ^^ ovro'i icrrcv 6 irpoo- 
 Tov jxev ei9 AeKeXecav avTOfio'X.T]cra<;, KOKeWev op/xw- 
 /jL€vo<i KUTaOecov Kal (l>ep(ov Kal dycov v/j,d<i ; dWd ttclv- 
 T€<i tare ravra. Kal 6 diro fiev rSv vfiereptov Tralhcov 
 Kal yvvatKcov Kal tcov dWcov ■^prjfiaTcoi', oaa Xd^ot, 741 
 
 ovddeffi irepi^dWovTo] ' put- 
 ting such a stigma ' upon his 
 father ; ' involving him in such 
 disgrace.' The phrase occurs 
 Androt. §§ 35, 63. 
 
 § 128. els AeK^Xeiav avro- 
 fwX^ffas] Unlike his fellows, 
 Glauketes is unknown to the 
 classical dictionaries. If he 
 was really old enough to have 
 deserted in the Ae/ceXet/cos 7r6Xe- 
 fws (Androt. § 15 n.) of B.C. 413 
 — 404, the chronological difiS- 
 culty is even greater than in the 
 case of Melanopus, who may 
 have been an infaut at the time 
 of his father's death in 418. 
 According to one account, pre- 
 served by the Scholiast, he did 
 not desert, but was taken pri- 
 soner. 
 
 K&Kitdiv 6pfjLU)H(vos] ' and mak- 
 ing it his head-quarters sallied 
 thence to overrun and plunder 
 you.' The phrase 07641' Kal <pi- 
 pfiv is more commonly followed 
 by the name of the country, 
 not of its inhabitants; and K. 
 is perhaps right in translating 
 v/jMS ' the country.' On the 
 charge thus recklessly levelled 
 A. Schaefer very sensibly re- 
 marks : ' Whetlier Glauketes 
 reached the Spartan camp as a 
 deserter or a prisontr of war, he 
 can hardly have taken part in 
 the hostilities against his coun- 
 trymen' (Demosth. i. 329, note 3). 
 Kal 6 ciTro fj.(v] ' and is not he 
 
 W. D. 
 
 the man who,' &c. In this sen- 
 tence oi'x oi'Tos ecTTiv is to be re- 
 peated,asG.H. Schaefer remarks, 
 placing a note of inten-ogation 
 at dapeiKoiJS, which Dindorf ap- 
 proves. The first question is an- 
 swered by dXXd Trdvres ccTTeTavTa: 
 the second by dXXd ravrd 7' 
 ovT(o irepL(pavij. Other skilfulh- 
 balanced antitheses are pointed 
 out by Mr Whiston : ' with tQv 
 v/jLeTepuv iraiowv is contrasted 
 tQi' vixerepuv ■n-oXep.lwv : with 
 iKei T(f5 ap/xocTT^, rrjv 5^ y ivOdde 
 6e6v, the last especially strikinc; 
 and invidious.' A somewhat 
 similar passage equally well 
 worked out has been noticed 
 Androt. § 56 n. 
 
 tCiv dXKuv xRVf^'^'''^"] To 
 avoid such an expression as 
 ' your other property ' following 
 ' your cliildren and your wives," 
 we might translate according to 
 a well-known idiom ' your pro- 
 perty as well.' Thi.s use of 
 aXXos is not unfrequent in Plato, 
 and is sometimes absolutely ne- 
 cessary to the sense: Gorg. 473 
 c Twv iroXiTwu Kal tQiv dWwi> 
 ^ivwv : ib. 4H0 d avrov Kal tCiv 
 aWtiiv olKiiuv : Tim. 76 i> 71;- 
 vaiKcs Kal rdWa dripia (!). But 
 to include wives and children 
 under x/>^A«i7-a was not really 
 strange to the Athenian mind, 
 any more than to the Oriental. 
 There is high primitive autho- 
 rity for reckoning a man's 
 
 13
 
 194 
 
 KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. [% 128-130. 
 
 8eKaTa<i e«et rw apfjuoarf KaraTiOel^ rovrcov dKpi/3(ti<i, 
 129 rrjv Se 7' iuOdBe deov, 7r/3ecr/3euT^9 d^ccoOeh elvai v(f) 
 vfiMV, aTroarepdov ra? diro Tcov v/M€T€po)v TroXef^ccou 
 SeKara^ ; eireira ra/XLevaa^ ev aKpoiroXet raptareta rrj<i 
 TToXeco?, d^ eKajBev diro tu>v /Sap/Sdpojv, v<pr]pr]fjievo<; 
 e^ aKpoTTokeca, tov re B(,(f>pov top dpyvpoiroBa koI 
 
 « a om. Bens, cum S. 
 
 ' wife ' as simply the first item 
 in the contents of his ' house.' 
 
 £Kei Tt^ apiJ.o(TTy] The har- 
 most of the Peiraeus after the 
 surrender of Athens; the name 
 would not be applied to the 
 commander of the garrison at 
 Decelea. It thus becomes less 
 easy to fix the exact time to 
 which Demosthenes is referring : 
 probably he does not fix it him- 
 ■ self, but seizes the opportunity 
 of bringing in the obnoxious 
 word ap/xouTris. 
 
 § 129. TafiLivaas if aKpo- 
 -7r6Xet] ' when he was treasurer 
 in the Acropolis :' Diet. Antiq. 
 s. V. 'Tamias.' Taixievtiv — To,- 
 juias elvai naturally takes a 
 genitive like ^acnXeueLv : thus 
 we have in Mid. p. 570 § 173 
 TTJs wapoKov Tafiieixras. L. and 
 S. cannot be right in joining 
 TopLaTita, to TafxLevffa.%., as if 
 these particular objects were 
 under his care : he was rapLlas 
 TTJs deov, i.e. of the Acropolis 
 and all that it contained. There 
 is, I believe, only one certain 
 example in prose of TapLieveiv 
 with acc. = 5iotK€£y, Lys. Or. 21 
 § 14 Tu>v TO. TTJs TrdXews vpuv 
 raixuvovTuv : in other passages 
 it has been taken thus, but may 
 (and I think ought to) be other- 
 wise explained. These are Lys. 
 de Bonis Aristoph. § 40 6s i^v- 
 Xarrev avTip /cat (Tap.Leve Trdvra 
 TO ev Kvirpij) : Plat. liep. v. 465 
 
 D TO, d^...Tafj.ieijei.v TrapaSdvres. 
 In the former passage wavTO. 
 may be joined to i(pv\aTTe, the 
 words Kai irapi-leve coming in 
 as an afterthought (cf. Androt. 
 § 4 n. TrKa.TTwi' Kai Trapdyiou). 
 In the latter, the construction 
 of course is, to. 5^ TrapaSocres 
 olcTTe Tap-ieieiv. It is important, 
 when occasion offers, to justify 
 the general rules of Greek verb- 
 formation : one of the broadest 
 of these is that verbs in -edu 
 are intransitive, and any ap- 
 parent exceptions should be 
 narrowly watched, /xarevu} is 
 (1) not derived from a noun (2) 
 not a prose word : for p-aarevio 
 in Xenophon, see Rutherford, 
 New Phryn. p. 171. 
 
 ol iXa^ev dirb tQiv ^ap^dpwv] 
 Benseler alone shows his de- 
 votion to MS. S by leaving out 
 a. This reading undoubtedly 
 originated in a desire to fur- 
 nish the sentence with a prin- 
 cipal verb, which at present it 
 is without. Demosth. could not 
 possibly have written rdpicTTe^a 
 TTJs 7r6Xea>s IXa^ev dirb ti2v ^o-p- 
 ^dpwv in the sense ' took away 
 the trophies of the state, won 
 from the barbarians : ' he would 
 not have used iXa^ev in this 
 sense, and he must have said tA 
 diro tCov ^ap^dpwv. It is evident 
 that TapKTTela goes with 6 v(pripri- 
 p.ivo'i, as K. and R. W. took it. 
 
 TOV re 5i(ppov rbv dpyvpdiroSa]
 
 p. 74L] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 195 
 
 Tov aKcvdKTjv Tov yiapSovlov, o? ^jye TpiaKOcriov^ 
 Bap€iKov<; ; dWa ravrd 7' ovrco irepi^avrj iartv ware 
 7ravTa<: dvdpcoTTOv^ elBevai. dWd roTOC ov ^laio<i ; 
 130 G)9 oJSet? avdpooTTCov. etra (^eicraaOai tivo<; avTcov 
 d^Lov iariv, ware Sta toutou? 17 tcov SeKarcov rdSv^ 
 rr)<i Oeov dfieXrjaaL rj Tr]<i St,7r\aaLa<i tcov oaioiv XPV~ 
 fidrcov, 1} TOV TOVTOV^ ireipco/uLevov aw^etv jjirj TifMCopTj- 
 aaadai ; Kal tl KcoXvcreL airavTa^ dvai 7rovr]pov<;, a> 
 dvSpe^ SiKaaTai, el Sid tuvtu irXeov e^ovaiv ; iyoo 
 fiev yap olfiat ovBev. 
 
 ' Tuv om. Z Bekk. Bens, cum 2FvB. 
 
 According to the Scholiast, the 
 throne of Xerxes from which he 
 witnessed the battle of Salamis. 
 
 dKivdKrjv] The short straight 
 Persian 'sword,' figured in Diet. 
 Antiq. 8. V. from the bas-reliefs 
 of Persepolis. The common 
 renderings ' scimitar ' and ' dag- 
 ger ' (as K.) are less accurate. 
 
 OS 1776 TpiaKOffiovs OapeiKovs] 
 'which weighed 800 darics.' 
 K. by au oversight translates 
 ' was worth : ' in Androt. § 76 
 he has (,'iven it rightlyj (see the 
 note there). The daric being 
 somewhat heavier than the so- 
 vereign, we have upwards of 
 80 ounces Troy for the weight 
 of the metal : rather too much 
 for a 'dagger.' This trophy 
 was shown to Pausanias (i. '27, 
 1): whether it was found again, 
 or had never been stolen, or 
 miraculously reappeared like 
 the Sainte Ampoule at the coro- 
 nation of Charles X., it is hardly 
 worth while to inquire. 
 
 /3/atos] ' violent : ' ready to use 
 force, and take the law into his 
 own hands, rather than as K. 
 ' brutal.' 
 
 § 130. Twv dtKarQv rOiv ttjj 
 
 0€oO] See the various readings. 
 The omission is rather favoured 
 by § 1'20 : the repetition -tGiv 
 Tu)v cuts both ways. 
 
 TTJs 5t7rXacr/asTcIjv6o'iwi']§lllre. 
 
 rbv TOVTovs irtipixiixevov crtjJfeti'] 
 The return to Timocrates and 
 his law, after this digression 
 upon the three ambassadors, is 
 managed in a way that shows 
 the skilled rhetorician. 
 
 ir\4ov i^ovaiv] ' if they are to 
 profit by their rascality ' (tto- 
 vrjpia) : an idiomatic use of irXiov 
 ^X"", cf. below § -209. K. should 
 not have indulged in the literal- 
 ism ' if they get more by it.' 
 
 §§ 131—138. Examples of 
 wholesome severity in recent 
 time, measured out to less 
 serious offenders. The indig- 
 nation of thene men at the pro- 
 spect of imprisonment is absurd, 
 if you think how common that 
 punishment is, and to tchom it 
 is applied (131, 13'2). //( the 
 old times men of high previous 
 reputation were imprisoned, in 
 spite (if their former services 
 (133). Names mentioned of cases 
 ■under the restored democracy : 
 these men knew that the law 
 
 18—2
 
 196 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§131-133. 
 
 131 M^ Tolvvv avTol SiSdaKere, dWa Ttficopeicrde. 
 Kal firj idre dyavaKr€iv, el hedrjaovrai e^ovre^ rd 
 i/fMerepa, dX)C dyer avrov^ viro toi)? v6/jLov<i' ovSe 
 <ydp ol Trj<i ^evia<i dXicTKOfievoc dyavaKrovacv ev roy 
 oiK^jfiart roincp 6vTe<;, e&)9 dv rwv yfrevSo/jiapTvpiQiV 
 dycovLaoiVTat, dWd fievova-c Kal ovk otovrai helv 
 
 132 iryyvqrd'i KaTa(7T7]<7avre'i TrepiievaL. eSo^e <ydp rf} 
 TToXei dTTLcnetv avToi<;, Kal ovk wero helv SiaKpov- 
 adfjvai Trj<; TtfiQ)pla<; 81 iyyvTjrcov KaraaTdaeo)^, aW' 
 
 did not alloiv them to put in 
 bail, and submitted cheerfully 
 (134— 136). To li-ish to bail out 
 Androtion and his fellows is to 
 insult your common sense, and 
 to put a premium on sacrilege 
 (137). Lastly, let me remind 
 you of cases in xokich such of- 
 fences were visited with death, 
 or narrowly escaped it (138). 
 
 § 131. diddaKere] SC. to tto- 
 VTjpovs fhai, through your ill- 
 timed leniency. 
 
 olriis ^evlasa\LaK6fi€voi] 'those 
 ■who are by way of being con- 
 victed as aliens' by a ^evias 
 ypatpTj, for which seeDict.Autiq. 
 s. V. The present oKiaKo/j-evoL 
 implies that the conviction has 
 not reached its final stage, but is 
 subject to an appeal. 
 
 €v ruj olK'fiixaTL tovt(j>] It has 
 been thought from the use of 
 TotjTO} that the prison was visible 
 from the dicastery, but this in- 
 ference seems to me very doubt- 
 ful. In reality ev tu oIk. Tovrip 
 is 'in the building in question,' 
 i.e. iv Ti^ decr/xwrrjpiiiJ supplied 
 from Bedrjcrovrai. The seeondarj' 
 senses of OLK-r)ixa are well illus- 
 trated in L. and S. : for that 
 = 5e(Tix(i)TT)piov cf. below §§ 135, 
 136, c. Zenoth. p. 890 § 29, c. 
 Dionysodor. p. 1284 § 4, with 
 Paley's note on the latter pas- 
 
 sage. 
 
 ^ws b.v TWV \l/€v8ofJ.apTVpLLOV 
 
 dywvlauvTat.] ' till after the trial 
 for false testimony' in which 
 they are prosecutors. In cases 
 of ^evia an appeal was allowed 
 on the ground that the witnesses 
 were perjured, but pending such 
 appeal the convicted party had 
 to remain in prison. 
 
 liifvovcri] Here the sense of 
 pAveLv seems to shade off into 
 that of vTTOjjLiveiv : 'they hear it 
 patiently and do not think that 
 they ought (to be allowed) to 
 go about on giving bail.' In 
 the next section the usual sense 
 of each verb is clearly dis- 
 tinguished. 
 
 §132. dTTKTTeiv] The penalty 
 being slavery with forfeiture of 
 goods, the terror of exile, so 
 effective in keeping citizens to 
 their bail (§ 125 n.), would 
 afford no adequate security. 
 
 SiaKpovadrjvai ttjs TtyCiajp/as] 
 The 1 aor. pass, of middle verbs 
 is almost always passive in 
 meaning; and the right ren- 
 dering is ' she (the State) con- 
 sidered that she ought not to be 
 cheated out of her vengeance,' 
 with Reiske's Index, K., and 
 Benseler, rather than as L. and 
 S. ' that they ought not to 
 escape punishment.' On dia-
 
 p. 742.] KATA TIMOKPATOT2. 
 
 197 
 
 ivTavda fieveiv avrov<i ov kol aWoc ttoWoI twv 
 TToXtTcov. KatToi Kal iiTL ')(p7]fiaaiv ijSr] Ttve<i^ i8e- 
 dr)<Tav Kol eVt Kpiaecnv, afOC ofMco^ vireixevov. ar]hk<i 
 fiev ovp L(Tco<i ecnlv ovofMacrrl irepl tcvcov fiefivrjadat, 
 dvajKalov Se Trape^erda-at auTov^ irapa rovrov?. 
 133 Toi)? /u,€v ovv irpo Ey/c/VetSof dp'XpvTO<i edaoi kol tov<; 74^ 
 acpSSpa TraXacov^. KatTot, Kara tov<; ■^p6vov<i ou?'' 
 eKacTTOc avTMV rjcrav, ttoWov u^lol 8oKOvvT€<i jeye- 
 vfjadai TOP e/jLTrpocrdev '^povov 6/x(o<;^ La^vpd<; irapd 
 Tov Bt]/j,ov 0/37^? irvy^avov iirX Toi<i varepov ytyvo- 
 fievoi'i aBtKrjfMacriv' ov yap ')(^p6vov rivd 8iKaiov<i oiero 
 Belv avTov<; ij ttoXas elvac, elra /cXeTrra?, dWd irepi 
 ye ra Koivd del hiKaiov^' eSoKei yap tov efiTrpocrOev 
 '^povov ov (f)vcreL, dW' eTTL^ouXevcov, tov iriaTevBrjvat, 
 
 8 Tipis om. Bens, cum SAOTkr. '' Kad' oOs Z Bekk. 
 
 ' ofioiujs Z Bens, cum S. 
 
 KpoveffOai comp. Shilleto on F. L. 
 §§ 37, 185. irapaKpovecrdai bears 
 nearly the same sense, and is 
 frequent in Demosth. e.g. An- 
 drot. § 39, above § 37. 
 
 drjo^S . . . dfOfj-acTTl . . . /jLenvijffdai] 
 drjois is here as nearly as pos- 
 sible = iir'Kpdovov, of an un- 
 pleasant, invidious duty. Cf. 
 Mid. p. .533 § 58 irapaiT-qdoiian. 
 5' vfidi ij.r)5kv axOefdrjvai fx-oi, 
 ib.v iiri (Xvp.(PopaL's rivuiv yeyovdrui' 
 dvon-aari pLUTjcrdui. On the other 
 liand, cLTjOTji of persons is one 
 who wilfully makes himself dis- 
 af,'reeable or 'nasty:' c. Everg. 
 et Mnes. p. 1147 § 28 Trpif ixiv 
 ilaaxO^oci (Is rb hi.KaaT-qpi.ov rjv 
 dTjOTjs. For the habit of apolo- 
 Kisin^ for naming; men in pub- 
 lic, Androt. § 55, below S 200. 
 
 § 133. irpb VjVKXilhov] Above, 
 § 42 n. To Demosthenes, the 
 recent history of Athens began 
 vith the re.stored (and since 
 
 unbroken) democracy. In An- 
 drot. § 16 we have seen the war 
 of Decelea called li/ tCjv dp- 
 ■Xo.i(ov. 
 
 Tovs (T(p65pa iraXaioiJs] Among 
 these the instance of Miltiades 
 is conspicuous, Grote, ch. 36 
 (ill. 312 tf. ). The remarks on 
 pp. 319 — 20 on the 'usual tem- 
 per of Athenian dikasts in esti- 
 mating previous services,' and 
 on the ' tendency of eminent 
 Greeks to be corrupted by suc- 
 cess,' are well worth reading in 
 connexion with the present sec- 
 tion. 
 
 Icrxvpds ... doi.KTjua(Tiv] 'met 
 with great severity from the 
 people for their subsequent of- 
 fences.' 
 
 ^irtjiovXfi'O)!', TOV inaTivBrivai] 
 = 'iv(Ka TOV iriaTfvdTjvai. or iva 
 TTKjTtvOiiiv. On this gen. of 
 the cause or aim of the action, 
 see Madvig. Sijnt. § 170, above
 
 198 
 
 KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. [§§133—135. 
 
 134 St«aio? yeyovevac 6 toiovto^ dvdpwiro^. aWa /a€t 
 ^vKXelh'qv dp')(ovra, w dvhpe<; Bi/cacrTal, irpdorov /xev 
 ®paav^ou\ov rov KoXkvria Trdvre^ fjLefxvT^o'de hl<i 
 Sedevra Kal Kpidevr dfj,(f)OTepa'i ra-; Kpiaet^ ev Ta> 
 hrjjjiw' KaiToi rwv e'« Weipaiui^ Kal drro ^v\rj<i ovro<i 
 Tjv. €7reLTa ^l\€^p'tov rov Aafnrrpea. eTreora Ajvp- 
 
 § 36 n. eTTi^ovXetJcov is ' with a 
 sinister design,' not simply 'by 
 design.' The notion is a joecu- 
 liarly Greek one, and surprising 
 in a people who had before 
 them so many examples of the 
 real nature and workings of 
 ambition. 
 
 § 134. Qpaffi^ovXov rbv KoX- 
 XuWa] Diet. Biogr. Thrasybu- 
 lus, no. 5. This namesake and 
 associate of the more eminent 
 Thrasybulus (no. 4, 6 Mkov, 
 Sreipiei/s) is usually distinguish- 
 ed by the name of his deme, 
 omitted in the case of the other. 
 He may easily have been iden- 
 tical with the son of Thraso, 
 who procured the removal of 
 Alcibiades from his command 
 after the battle of Notium (no. 
 3) : and, as Dindorf and Clinton 
 hold, with the Thrasybulus men- 
 tioned among p-qropes ^vBo^ol Kal 
 fxeydXoL de Cor. p. 301 § 219. 
 The great Thrasybulus had also 
 a son of the same name, whose 
 condemnation to a fine of ten 
 talents affords Demosth. ano- 
 ther example, together with a 
 descendant of ' Harmodius and 
 Aristogiton' (!), of the impar- 
 tiality of Athenian justice, de 
 F. L. p. 431 § 280=^320. Ano- 
 ther Thrasybulus of Collytus 
 is mentioned as an ambassador 
 to Thebes in Aeschin. c. Ctes. 
 §138: hemust have been aeon- 
 temporary of Aeschines and De- 
 mosthenes, and clearly different 
 from the man now before us. — 
 
 The form KoXvTreis is attested 
 only by S, KoXXirrei>s by the 
 MSS. of other authors besides 
 Demosth. This is just a case 
 where inscriptions help us : and 
 those printed in Boss's Demen 
 von Attica and Ehangab6's An- 
 tiquites Helleniqiies (about six 
 in all) agree in the form KoXXu- 
 Tei's. 
 
 KpidivT dn(pOTepas ras /cptVets} 
 ' condemned on both occasions.' 
 For Kplvetv = KaraKpiveLv cf. 
 [Demosth.] irept rwv wpbs 'AX^f- 
 avdpov p. 215 § 12 rovs fiiv /ce- 
 KpL/jL^vovs iv Tois 8iKaaTi]ploi? 
 d(j)iivT€s : de Cor. Trierarch. 
 p. 1230 § 9 davdrov Kpivavrei. 
 
 Tuv eK Iletpatws Kal dirb <l>uX'^s} 
 This became a stock phrase for 
 the liberators of Athens from 
 the Thirty. The seizui'e of 
 Phyle by Thrasybulus is first 
 mentioned Xen. Hell. ii. 4 § 2 : 
 the night march to the Peiraeus, 
 the next step in the recovery of 
 the city, ibid. § 10. Xenophon 
 observes the same distinction of 
 prepositions as the present pas- 
 sage : the same men are called 
 oi d-n-b ^uX^s §§ 10, 12, and after 
 they had established themselves 
 oi €K Tov Iletpaiws §§ 25, 26. (In 
 the intervening §§ 19, 23 oi ev 
 Ueipaiet are those who held the 
 place in the oligarchical interest 
 against the liberators.) Com- 
 pare Grote ch. 65, Vol. v. p. 585, 
 where the passages relating to 
 Phyle are collected in a note. 
 
 ^iX^xl/iov TOV Aa/jLTTTpia] The
 
 p. 742.] RATA TIM0KPAT0T2. 
 
 199 
 
 piov Tov KoWvrea, avSpa^ ■)(^priaT6v koX Brjfj.oTiKov 
 Kot irepl TO 7r\fjdo<i to v/j,eTepov iroWa airovhacravTa' 
 135 aXX.' o/i&)? Toi)9 v6p,ov<i (peTO Belv koI avT6<i eKelvo^ 
 opioid)^, wcnrep eirl rot? ahvvdTOL<i, ovtco koX e0' 
 avTM LcrxveLv, kol eyiveTO iv tco olK^p,aTi tovtm 
 TToWd eTrj, eo)^ to, ')(p7]p,aTa aTreTeicrev a eSo^e Trj<; 
 TToXeco? ovT exetv koX eV etceivw KaWtcrrpaTO? 
 hvi'dpeva Kal dhe\^Lhov<; wv avTov ovk eTidec v6- 
 /jLovi. Kal Mypwi^tS?;? 'Ap^tyoi/ vlb<i rod KUTaXa- 
 
 ^ dvdpa Kal Z Bens, cum ZTfir. 
 
 man is not mentioned else- 
 where: his deme Lamptra was 
 also that of Archebius the trier- 
 arch, § 11 71. 
 
 ' Ay vppiov Tbv KoXXirr^o] It 
 suits Demosthenes' argument 
 to represent him as ' an honest 
 man, and one of popular sym- 
 pathies ; ' 8r)ixayii)ywv ovtos ovk 
 a.<papris, Harpocrat. s.v. The 
 nature of his debts to the public 
 may be gathered from Andoc. 
 de Myst. § 1.33, where he is de- 
 scribed ironically as (caXds Kaya- 
 9bi and as an apx^^v-qs, or chief 
 among the rtXtDi/at, driving hard 
 bargains with the treasury. If 
 he was really the originator of 
 the distribution of the Theo- 
 ric fund among the people, as 
 Harpocration states, and in- 
 creased the fiiadbi iKK\T)(nacTL- 
 Kbi to three obols {Diet. Biogr. 
 8. v.), he might well be called 
 irtpl rb TrXrjdoi to iifiiTtpov iroWk 
 ffwovSiffavTa. 
 
 § 13.5. iirl Tois dSwdrois] 'in 
 the case of the un influential ' or 
 humble. A more usual sense is 
 that of 'invalids' or infirm pau- 
 pers, for which see Diet. Avtiq. 
 s.v. 'Adynati.' 
 
 ^7^>'£To...jroX\4 (tt)] Doubt- 
 less an exaggeration, like iroX- 
 
 Xds irevTerrjpidas § 125, where 
 see the note. 
 
 e7r' (Kslvui] K. translates ' in 
 his favour,' having just ren- 
 dered the word 'against.' The 
 sense 'applying to,' as in §§ 18, 
 59, covers both these meanings. 
 
 KaXXiVrparos] The well-known 
 orator, son of Callicrates of 
 Aphidna (no. 4 in Diet. Biofjr.). 
 His fate has been already touch- 
 ed upon, Androt. § 66 n. He 
 was nephew of AgjTrhius by 
 the mother's side, as Benseler 
 rightly infers : as his brother's 
 son he would of course have 
 been of the same deme. 
 
 Kal Mvpwvi5T}s b 'Apxivov] We 
 must supply iyiv(TO iu olKruxaTi 
 rovTiji. Nothing further is re- 
 corded of this Myronides: his 
 father is a man of whom we 
 would gladly know more. It is 
 remarked in Diet. Biogr. s.v. 
 Archinus, with reference to the 
 present passage: 'Although the 
 name of Archinus is obscured 
 in history by that of Thrasybu- 
 lus, yet we have every reason 
 for believing that he was a 
 better smd a greater man.' The 
 same writer (Mr Elder) makes 
 the probable suggestion, in 
 which he is followed by R. W.,
 
 200 
 
 KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. [§§ 135-138. 
 
 /3ovTO<; ^vXtjv KOI fierd ye TOv<i 6eov<i atTtcoTaTov 
 6vTo<i T^9 KaOoSov rm hr]ixw koI aXKa ttoWo, koX 
 Koka TreiToXLTevfievov koI iarparij'yrjKOTOi; TroXXa/ct?. 
 
 136 aW bfici)<i cnravre'i ovtol inreiievov tou<; v6fiov<;. koI ot 
 Ta/MLat e0' wu 07na66So/xo<i iveTrpyjadr], koI ol rwv 743 
 T^f deov Koi ol Tcov aWcov Oeoov, ev too OLKijfMaTi 
 rovTcp rjcrav, eco? rj Kplcn<; avroi^ iyevero. koL ol 
 irepl TOP (TLTov dBiKelv ho^avre^, Kol dWoi iroWoi, 
 
 ft) ctpSpe'i SiKaaral, irdvre'i /BeXrlowi ^AvSpoTL(ovo<; 
 
 137 oWe?. eha rovTot<i fiev eSec Kvpcovi roi)? irdXai, 
 
 that he may have been the son 
 of Myronides who won the battle 
 of Oenopbyta in b.c. 456, and 
 that this Myronides may have 
 been named after his grand- 
 father according to the very com- 
 mon custom (s. v. Myronides). 
 [One or two new facts about 
 Archinus are preserved in Ari- 
 stotle, 'A61. TToX. 40 §§ 1, 2.] 
 
 § 136. rafxiai ... oi tQv rrjs 
 deov] sc. xPVf^<^T'^''> S'lid so = e;' 
 aKpoTrdXei § 129. The phrase 
 occurs in a law ap. Demosth. c. 
 Macart. p. 1075 § 71. 
 
 6 'OTncrdodofios] Unquestion- 
 ably the inner or western cella 
 of the Parthenon itself, though 
 other temples of Athena have 
 been suggested (Boeckh, P. E. 
 p. 441 {. = Sthh.s I. 517 f.). The 
 existing structure of the Par- 
 thenon bears, it is believed, no 
 traces of rebuilding after a fire : 
 but the damage may after all 
 have been slight, as ivewpTjo-dr) 
 need only imply 'set on fire' 
 not ' burnt down ' [KaraKavdiv, 
 Thucyd. iv. 30 § 2 : acpdivra kol 
 KaracpXexd^vTa ib. 133 § 2). The 
 conflagration is not mentioned 
 elsewhere : the account of it by 
 the Scholiast Ulpian is amusing, 
 if of doubtful authenticity. The 
 rafxiaL, he tells us, had lent the 
 
 sacred treasure to the bankers on 
 their own account: the banks 
 subsequently broke (irvxev vare- 
 pov dvarpairijvaL rds rpairi^aij, 
 and the rafiiai set the temple on 
 fire in the hope of concealing the 
 transaction! If we may trust 
 the author of the speech wepl 
 ffwrd^eus, the Athenians, on 
 any suggestion that the trea- 
 sures of the Opisthodomos had 
 been tampered \vith, forgot their 
 usual humanity {dviif^av drjtrov 
 TrpiSiT^vTivesTbv 'OTna$6dofxov ..fj.a- 
 CFTLyovv, arpe^XoDv TrdvTes i^6uv, 
 X^yovTes rbv dyfiov KaraXieffdcn, 
 p. 170 §14). 
 
 ^ws T) Kpiffis avTois iyevero] 
 This is quite natural. But 
 ' penal servitude,' and the Bas- 
 tilles or state prisons of arbi- 
 trary governments in modern 
 times, were, I repeat, unknown 
 to the Athenians. 
 
 Trepl Tov (t2tov ddiKeivl i.e. by 
 ' forestalling and regrating,' as 
 to which the political economy 
 of the Athenians was as back- 
 ward as that of modern Europe, 
 including England, until quite 
 recent times. See Lys. Or. 22 
 /card tCjv cnToiruiXGiv passim, and 
 especially § 6, tov vd/xov Ss dtra- 
 yopevei /j.r]54va tuv iv tj TroXet 
 TrXeiu ctItov TrevrrjKOVTa (popfjLUV
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 201 
 
 p. 743.] 
 
 K€ifMevov<i v6fj.ov<i elvat, koX hehwKevai Slktjv avTOi<; 
 Kara toi)? v7rdpxovTa<; v6/jLov<;' 8t WvSporlcova ok 
 Kol V\avK6TT]v Kal 'SleXdvcoTTov Kaivov Sec jeveadai, 
 vofiov, 8id rov<; ka\wK6ra<; Kal -^rjcpw KeKpL/jLevov^ Kara 
 Toi)? irdXat K6LfM6vov<i v6/M0v<; Kal ho^avra^ '^X^''^ '^P^ 
 ypTjfiara Kal '6cn.a ; elr ov KarayeXaaro'i So^ec r/ 
 7r6\i9 elvai, el Tol<i lepocrvXoL^, o7rco<i aoi6i']aovTaL, 
 138 vofMov (^avelrai Ti6e/jbevrj ; eycoy^ olfxai. pbt) rolvvv 
 ida7]d' iifxd^ avrov<; v^pii^ecrdai fir]8e Trjv ttoXcu, 
 dWd /jLvr]crdevTe<i ore EvSrj/jLov tov KvSadijvaid"^ v6- 
 fiov So^avra Oelvat ovk iTnrrjSeioi', ov iraXat, aXX 
 
 ' iyi) fiiv Bl. cum ks. " -at^a Z Bekk. 
 
 cvvwvelffOai. Also Boeckh P.E. 
 bk. I. c. 15, who observes in 
 note 375 that the <poptJ.bs was 
 probably not very different from 
 the medimnus. The penalty 
 was death; as also (t ns oikujv 
 'Adrjvriaiv ctXXocr^ ttol (nTT]-/Tjcr€i.ev 
 TJ et's TO 'Attikov ifnTopiov, De- 
 mosth. adv. Phorm. p. 918 § 37, 
 adv. Laer. p. 9-41 § 50, Lycurg. 
 c. Leocr. § 27. Boeckh, whose 
 book was first published in 1817, 
 calls these restrictions 'judi- 
 cious,' P.E. p.«l = S7M.3 1. 103. 
 Prof. Mahaffy, Social Life, in 
 Greece p. 403 ff., criticises the 
 Athenian corn laws in the true 
 spirit of political economy. 
 Comp. above, § 63 n. 
 
 § 137. deouK^fai SiKf]!''] The 
 perf. inf. is rare after loei, which 
 like drbeham, oportehat usually 
 takes the pres. inf. of past 
 events; but it serves to mark 
 the time more distinctly: 'was 
 it right that the old-established 
 laws should be in operation for 
 these persons — that they should 
 have suffered punislimcnt.' K. 
 
 Kard. TOUT virdpxo''Tas u6fJiOvs] 
 These words are certainly super- 
 
 fluous, as Dobree argues, after 
 Tous K€iix4vovs vofJLovs. But tau- 
 tology is not unfrequently a 
 form of emphasis ; and the 
 phrase is repeated a third time 
 below. 
 
 Ota Tovs eaXwKoras] Dindorf 
 alone among editors follows 
 Dobree in expunging 5ta, and 
 writes ^\w(c6ras according to his 
 invariable rule. Above, § 77. 
 
 § 138. ^ir}Toivvv ea.(jriT€...ixvr)- 
 <xdivTes...TavTriv Trjv dpyi]i> Kal 
 vuv iwl TovTovl Xct/SeTf] This 
 long sentence is rightly broken 
 up into three by K. 'Do not 
 then allow yourselves or the 
 commonwealth to be insulted. 
 Eemember that, &c. Bear this 
 in mind, and show the same 
 spirit now against the defend- 
 ant.' Above, § 3f) n. 
 
 KvbaOrtvaia.] Tliis, the true 
 Attic form, is found in no MS., 
 but Kvbadrivia the reading of S 
 and one other is a vestige of it. 
 Cobet lays down the rule in 
 several passages of his Var. 
 Led.: in p. 320 he writes 'Apol- 
 lonius Dyscolus de I'ron. p. 120 
 Bekk. ' \ttikoI Evfioas <pa.<riv, at
 
 202 
 
 KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. [§§ 138, 139. 
 
 eV ^vdvSpov dp')(ovTO<i, aireicrelvaTe, koX ^IXiinrov 
 TOP ^tXtTTTrou Tou vavicK.rjpov vlov fjuiKpov fiev dire- 
 KT€LvaT€, -^pTj/jiaTcov Se TToWcov avTOv eKelvov clvtl- 
 Ti/xcofievov Trap oXcya'; '*\rr}(^ov<; eTiixrjcrare^, ravTTju 
 Tt]v op'yrjv KoX vvv eirl tovtovl Xd^ere, eKelvo 7rp6<; 
 TOVTOL<; diracrLV evdv[ir]6evTe<i, rt wot dv eTrddeTe 
 " T]TLfj.(a(TaT£ Bekk. cum Ubris prae.ter 2. 
 
 non in Codd. nostris : ' cf. pp. 
 124, 154. The form Heipaia. is 
 regularly preserved by the copy- 
 ists ; but they seem to have 
 thought this word exceptional, 
 and in the genitive vary be- 
 tween IleipaUws and JlnpaiCis, 
 whereas the rule of contraction 
 is general for nouns in ei)s prae- 
 cedente vocali. 
 
 iTT Eivdv8pov dpxovTos] 01. 
 99, 3 = B.C. 382—1. The muti- 
 lated speech of Lysias against 
 Evander, Or. 26, was written 
 for a speaker who attempted to 
 prove on the SoKipLacrta that he 
 was ineligible. The Athenian 
 constitution, like the American 
 in presidential elections, pro- 
 vided a ' reserve man ; ' Leoda- 
 mas drew the first lot, Evan- 
 der eirAaxe: the former was 
 rejected on the scrutiny, Evan- 
 der though opposed was suc- 
 cessful. Cf. Jebb, Att. Or. i. 
 242. 
 
 'PiXiTTTTov rbv ^iXiTTirov tov vav- 
 KXrjpov] The father is mention- 
 ed in the speech adv. Timoth. 
 p. 1188 § 14 ff. 
 
 Trap' oXiyas \pT]<povi ert/onjcraTe] 
 It is not too much to say that 
 the reading here preserved by 
 MS. 2 contra mundum is the 
 only one which explains the 
 whole passage clearly and con- 
 sistently. The sense of trap'' 
 oXiyas \pr)<povs has been esta- 
 blished on Androt. § 3 and is 
 the key to the rest. Having 
 
 mentioned the case of Eudemus 
 who was actually put to death, 
 the orator goes on to that of 
 Philip, who very nearly (ixLKpov) 
 underwent the same penalty. 
 When the defendant offered to 
 pay a heavy fine as an alterna- 
 tive [dvTLTifxwixivov) 'you by a 
 narrow majority assessed the 
 penalty (at the sum named by 
 him).' So Benseler: 'mit ge- 
 ringer Mehrheit um eine grosse 
 Summe straftet.' This usage 
 of Trap' oXlyas once misunder- 
 stood, €Ti/j.rjcraT€ was sure to be 
 altered. According to the read- 
 ing T]TifjLd)craT€, the choice of the 
 jury lay between Atimia de- 
 manded by the prosecutor and 
 the sum offered by the defend- 
 ant ; 'you were within a few 
 votes of disfranchising him.' 
 The fact that the defendant's 
 proposal was accepted remains 
 the same; but upon this view 
 what becomes of /uKpov fxh 
 aTreKTeivare? 
 
 G. H. Schaefer read irifi-q- 
 aare, but from not perceiving 
 the sense of Trap' 6\/7as has 
 missed the meaning of the pas- 
 sage: 'perpauca suffragia ste- 
 tisse quominus ingenti pecunia 
 reus multaretur;' whereas the 
 fine was carried. It is a well- 
 known rule of Attic law that the 
 jury had to choose one or other 
 of the two propositions of the 
 plaintiff and defendant, and 
 were not at liberty to mediate
 
 p. 744.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 203 
 
 viro TOVTOV avTOv, et ovTO<i 64? (t)v eirpea-pevaev vrrep 
 vfiwv. ol/jLai yap tocovtov ovSev elvat otov av dire- 
 <7-y^€T0. Spare 8e rrjv Scdvoiav avTov' 6 yap vofio^, ov 
 eT6\fjLT]<Te delvat, rov rpoirov avrov SeiKwcriv. 
 139 Bov\ofj.aL S' vfMLv, CO dv8pe<; SiKaarai, iv AoKpoi<i 
 CO? vopboOerovai SirjyjjaaaOai' ovSev yap ■)^eLpov<; ecre- 
 aOe TrapaBeiy/jid re aKrjKOOTe'i, aW(i)<; re Kai ch irokt'i 744 
 
 "" iirpi(T^ev(T€v Weil cum krs. iirpiff^evev cett. 
 
 between them. Hence the latter 
 would in general fear to irritate 
 his judges, as Socrates did, by 
 putting the damages too low 
 (Plato, Apol. 38 b; Xen. Apol. 
 § 23). This rule is well dis- 
 cussed by Kennedj', App. xii. to 
 Select Speeches : he shows that 
 it was rendered necessary by 
 the immense numbers of Athe- 
 nian juries. It prevailed also 
 in civil actions, which however 
 might be settled at any moment 
 by arrangement between the 
 parties even after the trial had 
 begun. 
 
 iirpi(T^€va(v'\ In the former 
 edition I noticed this as pro- 
 bably the right reading. The 
 sense required is ' if he had been 
 your ambassador,' not ' if he 
 were now : ' and it is in keeping 
 with iiraBtTe. On elj uv it is 
 worth noticing that such a con- 
 tingency never in fact occurred : 
 we never read of a single am- 
 bassador, at least from Athens. 
 There were always at least two, 
 Bometimes, as in the embassy to 
 Philip, immortalised by Demo- 
 sthenes and Aeschines, as many 
 as ten. According to a story 
 twice told by I'lutarcli, de 
 Garrul. p. 511 a, Demetr. 4'2, 
 king Demetrius expressed sur- 
 prise at receiving only a single 
 ambassador from Sparta : the 
 
 laconic answer was, "'Eva ttotI 
 'iva. But in Thucj'd. 11. 67 
 the Spartan embassy to Persia 
 consists of three envoys, be- 
 sides representatives of their 
 allies. 
 
 TOLOvTov ovdeu elvai] The 
 order of these three words va- 
 ries in the MSS., but all preserve 
 TOLOVTOV as the neuter form. 
 Cf. Androt. § 2 n. 
 
 §§ 139—143. The ivell-knovm 
 story illustrating the pernui- 
 nence of the laws (of Zaleucus) 
 at Locri in Italy, contrasted tvith 
 the incessant leyislatlve changes 
 at Athens, under the iujluence 
 of the orators and for their sole 
 benefit. 
 
 §"139. aXXojs re Kal v] i.e. 
 irapaodyixaTi, 'especially an ex- 
 ample which a well-governed 
 state follows.' The good go- 
 vernment of Locri is attested 
 by Pindar, 01. x. 17 vifxei yap 
 ''KrpiKiia Tr6\iv AoKpCov 7je(pv- 
 piujv, and by Plato, Tim. 20 a 
 Ti/j.ai6i T€ yap 65e, ewo/iwrciTTjs 
 uv 7r6\ea>s r^s €v 'iTaXig. AoKpidoi. 
 It needs liardly be said tbat the 
 spirit of Zaleucus was as difife- 
 rent as p(jssible from tliat of 
 Bentham : 'order' in the sense 
 of Metternich and the (Jzar 
 Nicholas, not individual hap- 
 piness, is what is meant by 
 fvvofxla. His laws were severe
 
 204 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§139-141. 
 
 evvofxovfjbevT] -y^priTat. eKel 'yap ovTOi<i olovtul Beiv 
 Tot9 iraXai Ketfievoi^ -y^pr^aOac^ v6[jlol<; koI to, Trdrpca 
 TrepcareWeiv koI fxr) irpo'i Ta<i ^ov\r)aeL<i fxrihe irpo<i 
 ra'i BcaSvaef;^ rwv dSiKrjfidTcov'^ vo/xodeTelcrdat, war 
 iav Tt9 ^ovXrjTat vofiov Kaivov rtdevat, iv /3p6x(p top 
 Tpd')(r]\ov e-)((ov vofioOerel, koX idv fMev ho^rj Koko^ koL 
 Xpyjo'iP'O'i elvai v6fMo<i, ^fj o rcdeU kol d-Trep-^^^eTaL, el 
 140 Se fiy], re9v7]Kev eiricnraadevTO^ tov ^po'x^ov. Kal ydp 
 rot, Kaivov^ jxev ov roX/xwai TldeadaL vo/xovi;^, rot? 
 
 " xp'jo'aa-^at Z CU7II 2. p SiaXvaeLS Bens, cum SFTfirv. i dSi- 
 KT)(Ta.vTwu Bekk. e coni. Saupp. '' vo/jlovs om. Z Bekk. Bens, cum 
 
 2ksA'. Ti^^j^at Bl. 
 
 (ZaXevKOv v6fj.os' iirl rwv dwo- 
 TofjLwv, Zenob. Cent. iv. 10, also 
 in Diogenian. Cent. iv. 94) and 
 anti-commercial (AoKpQv <tw- 
 drjKaiy Zenob. Cent. v. 4). The 
 date 660 b.c. for this legislation, 
 given by Eusebius, is accepted 
 by Clinton F. H. sub anno : 
 the foundation of the city was 
 perhaps fifty years earlier. 
 
 ovTws oiovTai] ' so strong is 
 their conviction,' R. W., ' steht 
 der Grundsatz so fest.'Benseler. 
 
 TO, waTpia irepicTTeWeiv] ' that 
 they ought to cherish their 
 hereditary institutions, and that 
 there should be no legislation 
 to please individuals or for easy 
 compromise with crime.' For 
 the sense of TrepicxTeWeiv cf. pro 
 Phorm. p. 958 § 47 Kocr/metv koL 
 irepLffriWeLv explained by Paley 
 and Sandys. There can be little 
 doubt that vonodereiadaL is pas- 
 sive and impersonal : as a dep. 
 middle it is not found in the 
 Orators, and is rare in Plato 
 (Rep. III. 3'.)8b, Laws v. 736 c). 
 
 The rendering just given fol- 
 lows Benseler in preferring the 
 reading oiaXtJo-ets for StaOi/crets, 
 as not only sujiported by S and 
 
 most MSS. (a point of minor 
 importance when the difference 
 is only between A and A), but 
 in every way more appropriate. 
 As might be expected, the words 
 are constantly interchanged in 
 the MSS. as in § 94 above, 
 where tCjv Tap' ijpuv irovqpCjv 
 dLadvcreis 'shifts' or 'evasions,' 
 is the right word as applied to 
 persons, SiaXvaen an ill-sup- 
 ported variant. Hence Sauppe, 
 whom Bekker follows in his 
 last edition, conjectured dSt/cij- 
 advruv for ddLKTj/jLaTuv in the 
 present passage. This is un- 
 necessary, since 8ia\ij(reis tuiv 
 ddcK-qpLUTwv here yields an ex- 
 cellent sense: SidXvais is used 
 of any settlement or compro- 
 mise, especially upon amicable 
 terms, as of a reconciliation be- 
 tween enemies, c. Mid. p. 553 
 § 119 ; a composition of a money 
 claim, c. Nausim. p. 988 § 13, 
 c. Spud. p. 1032 § 16. 
 
 TedfrjKev] • the uoose is drawn 
 to, and he dies at once,' 'is a 
 dead man.' On this use of the 
 perfect see Madvig, Synt. § 171 : 
 and a note on Plat. Protag. 
 328 B.
 
 p. 744.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 205 
 
 Be TToXai Kec/jLevoi'i aKpi^w ^(^piovrai. ev^ ttoWol^ 
 he iravv eTeaiv, w avSpe'i hiKaarai, et? Xeyerat irap 
 avTol<i v6fio<i Kaivo^ TeOrjvai,. 6vT0<i 'yap avrodt, vo- 
 fiov, idv Td 6(f)Oa\fi6v eKKoyfrrj, avTeKKO'^ai irapa- 
 (r')(elv TOP eavTOV, Kal ov -^prjfxdTQiv rifMrjaeco'i ov8e- 
 fitd<;, direiKricrai rt? Xeyerat e')(^dpo<^ ^X^PV ^^^ exovrc 
 141 cx^daXjxov ore avrov eKKoy^ei rovrov top eva. yevo- 
 jj,evi]<i 8e ravrT]<i rfj<; aTretXr;? p^^aXeTrcS? eveyKcov o 
 erep6(f)da\fxo<;, Kal i)yov/j,evo<; d/3icorov avro) [elvai] 
 rov j3iov rovro rradovn, Xeyerat roX/jtrjcrat vofMov elae- 
 
 ' Kal ev Z Bens, cum 2. 
 
 § 140. iKpi^ws xpi2»'Tat] 'keep 
 strictly to.' In omitting v6- 
 /[toi/s, the Zurich Editors and 
 Benseler as usual follow 2) more 
 closely than Bekker and Din- 
 dorf. Blass goes a step further, 
 and writes Tidivai. 
 
 avTfKKOif/ai Trapacx^tv 't^v eav- 
 Tov] 'he should allow his own 
 eye to be knocked out in re- 
 turn.' For the act. infin. after 
 Trapao'xe'"' in this sense cf. Thu- 
 cyd. VIII. 50 § 5 on oXov to arpd- 
 Tev/J-a rb rwv 'Adrjvaiwv eToi/xo^ 
 flrj irapaffXf^" o-irrois 5ia(p6eipaL. 
 Violent blinding is always ex- 
 pressed by iKKbiTTuv : the phrase 
 in Demosth. c. Conon. p. 1269 
 § .39 ' kpL<TT0Kp6.rr)v rbv roiis 6(p- 
 OaX/xovs ou(t>Qapp.{vov was for- 
 merly quoted ill illustration of 
 the KapaviffTripei 6(pOa\pLwpiixoi, 
 of Aesch. Eum. 186, but is now 
 rightly explained of a man who 
 had bad or diseased eyes. Such 
 a law could never have obtained 
 in the more civilised parts of 
 Greece: these and all other mu- 
 tilations were regarded as Orien- 
 tal , utterly abhorrent to Greek 
 manners. 
 
 ov xp^l^'''^^ Ttuijfffws oi)5e- 
 ^tai] sc. 01V77S, which is easily 
 
 supplied from 3fToj above. 
 
 § 141. 6 iT€p6fOa\uLos] The 
 story told by Aelian, V. H. xiii. 
 24, whether true or not, shows 
 the curious notions held in an- 
 cient times as to literal com- 
 pliance with the law. Accord- 
 ing to this, the penalty of adul- 
 tery was the loss of the eyes: 
 and the son of Zaleucus having 
 become liable to this penalty, 
 the father submitted to the loss 
 of one eye that his son might 
 not be utterly blind. The same 
 story is told by Valerius Maxi- 
 mus, V. 5 § 3. 
 
 avT(^ elvai rbv ^[ov] The vary- 
 ing order of these words in the 
 MSS. may justify a suspicion 
 that Tou (iiov was originally 
 absent, and dfiiuTov used abso- 
 lutely as in I'Jur. Ion 070 d/3/w- 
 Tov Tjixtv. Both constructions 
 were in use; a^iwrov elvai fxoi 
 irevolriKe rbv ^lov Aristoph. Plut. 
 969, KaraKova /j.iv ovv d/3/oTOS 
 /3/ouEur. Hipp. 821, dfiioTos ftlov 
 Tvxa id. 8()7. 
 
 TovTo iradbvTt] The partici- 
 ple of course expresses an ' it' :' 
 the assault had not yet been 
 committed.
 
 206 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§141-144. 
 
 veyKeiv, idv ri<; eva 6')(ovTO<i 6(f)6a\fjb6v eKKoyjrrj, afMcfjco 
 avTeKKo-yjrac 7rapaa')(^elv, Xva rj} larj av/jL(f)opa d/jb(f)6- 
 repoL 'x^pwvTaL. koI tovtov /uovov \e<yovrai AoKpol 
 142 deaOai rov vofjuov ev irXelv ij 8LaKO(rLoc<; erecriv. oi 
 he Trap rjiuv prJTop€<;, co dvSpe'i hiKacrrai^ irpcorov fiev 
 ocroc urjve'i fiLKpov Seovat vofModerelv rd avrot'i avfjb- 
 (f>epovTa, eireLT avTol fiev roi)? lStwTa<i et? to Secr/xQ)- 
 Trjpiov djovcrtv orav dp-ycocnv, €(j) iavTOt<; 8' ovk 
 olovrat 8elv TavTo htKaiov tovt elvaf eTreoTa toi'9 
 fiev tov —6\aivo<i v6fiov<; roi)? TrdXai SeSoKi/Jbaa-fxevovi, tac 
 ot»9 01 TrpoyovoL eOevTO, Xvovaiv avTol, Tot<; S' eavToov, 
 
 iv TrXeH' 17 diaKoalois ^Teaivl 
 irKiov 2, TrXeioaLv ceteri. The 
 Attic form TrXeif (before 17) is 
 well known to readers of Aristo- 
 phanes and the Comic Frag- 
 ments, where it has been pro- 
 tected by the metre, but has 
 disappeared from prose, asCobet 
 tells us Var. Lect. p. 237, Nov. 
 Led. p. 622, except in one pas- 
 sage of a single manuscript. 
 This is Demosth. de F. L. p. 
 413 § 230 = 255, where 2 alone 
 has preserved wXelv yj fivplovi. 
 Acting on this hint, Dindorf 
 has 'raised the standard' {sig- 
 nuni sustulit) of revolt against 
 the MSS. and has corrected 
 many passages in Demosth. of 
 which Cobet gives a list : c. 
 Lept. p. 503 § 152 -n-Xdv tj ava^, 
 c. Mid. p. 570 § 173 w\uv rj 
 vivre rdXavra, c. Aristocr. p. 
 657 § 10 wXeiv rj rpiaKocria ra- 
 Xavra, p. 669 § 149 irXeLu rj rpia 
 ^TTj (scribendum rpi' ^ttj Cobet) 
 and seven other passages in the 
 private orations. IIX^oi' {TrXaoi', 
 TrXeij/) and IXarrov (/xeiov) are 
 used indeclinably before all 
 cases : we have here an example 
 with the dative, and one with 
 
 genitive 11. Aphob. p. 841 § 18 
 TrXeiv rj Mko. raXavTuv. — 8iaK0- 
 fflois ^Teaiv need not be taken to 
 imply that no more than 200 
 years had elapsed between Zaleu- 
 cus and Demosthenes: see above. 
 
 § 142. 0(701 fjLTJves] Jerome 
 Wolf observes that this is like 
 ocrat ripL^paL, usually written bcrr)- 
 fji.ipaL. G. H. Schaefer adds 
 bwoaa {5(ra L. Dindorf) Ir?; Xen. 
 Eep. Ath. 3 § 4, which Cobet 
 writes also as one word bairri, 
 Nov. Lect. p. 747. In Horace's 
 quotquot emit dies a verb is sup- 
 plied. 
 
 f.uKpov d4ovffL vofxodeTe'ii'1 Au- 
 drot. § 68 n. The personal use 
 of dioo (ivant) is not very rare 
 except in the 2nd sing. Sels. 
 The expression is equivalent to 
 'they are passing laws almost 
 every month.' 
 
 €0' eavTois d^ ... tovt^ elvai] 
 ' though against themselves they 
 do not think it right that this 
 same principle should hold,' 
 R. W., 'do not choose the same 
 measure of justice to be applied 
 to themselves,' K. 
 
 X^ioucriv avToi] ' repeal of their 
 own authority.' §§ 38, 123.
 
 p. 745.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 207 
 
 ov<; iii dBiKia t^? 7r6\e(o<; riOeaai, ')(^pfjcr6at vfid<i 
 
 143 olovrat helv. el ovv /x>) Tificopijcreade rovrovi, ovk av 
 <f)ddvot TO 7r\fjdo<; tovtoi^ TOi<i 6r]ploL<; SovXevov. ev 
 S' tare, do dv8pe<; SiKaa-ral, on idv fiev crc^ohp opyt- 
 ^rjade, rjTTOv daeXyavovcrLv, dv he fit], ttoXXoix; toi)? 
 daeXyel'; evprjaere koI rov<i v/3pL^ovra<; vp.d<; eirl rfj 
 Tov (pcXoTtfieladai Trpocpdaet. 
 
 144 "Iva 8e Kol irepl eKeivov eiTrco tov vofiov, w dvhpe^ 
 
 § 143. OVK av cpda.voi...5ov- 
 XeOo;'] ' it will not be long before 
 they become the slaves of these 
 monsters,' cf. i. Aristog. p. 782 
 § 40 w<tt' ovk af (pddvoi /cara- 
 KOTTTdnevoi. (pdaveiv with a ne- 
 gative is used of that whioh 
 when it takes place will not 
 take place too soon (Madvig, 
 Synt. § 177 Rem. 6). The third 
 person occurs in several pas- 
 sages of the orators: Demosth. 
 c. Macart. p. 1073 § 69 ovk ^(pdrj 
 
 QidTO/JLTTOS T7]V eTTlOlKaffiav TTOIT}- 
 
 adiJL€i'Oi...<al ifeSei^aro, 'he had 
 no sooner made good his claim 
 to the inheritance than he show- 
 ed (by bati husbandry) that he 
 did not think it really his own.' 
 c. Theocrin. p. 1319 § 60 ov yap 
 i<pdr) fjLOi avfi^dca ij drux^a, Kal 
 eiidOs . . . TOVTwv Tivis . . . iwexfi-pV 
 (raw dia<pofjrj<Tai rdvoodev. Isocr. 
 Paneg. § 80 ol 5' ovk ^<pdaaav 
 •irvdbp.ivoi...Kcd...riKov rjp.'iv dfj.v- 
 vovPTfi. Evag. § .53 OVK Icpdaaav 
 dWr/Xois Tr\T)aidaavTfs Kai irepl 
 irXdovos (woir)cravTo arpds avrovi. 
 The second person in the phrase 
 oiiK iv (pddvoii 'you cannot do 
 it too soon' and so, equivalent 
 to an imperative, ' do it at once,' 
 is common in the tragedians: 
 Mr Whiston on the present pas- 
 sage refers to Eur. Ale. 002, 
 Heracl. 720, Troad. 4.56. A 
 prose example is Xen. Mem. 11. 
 3 § 11 OVK dv tpOdvois \iyuiv et 
 
 TL yjudrjcrai fj.e (piXrpov eTrtcrrd- 
 fievov. 
 
 The word drjpiov is freely ap- 
 plied by the orators in invec- 
 tives : Demosth. c. Phorm. extr. , 
 c. Lacrit. p. 925 § 8. Aeschin. 
 de F. L. § 20, c. Ctes. § 182. 
 Cicero goes a step further in 
 the use of the vocative case : 
 his speech against Piso, in its 
 present defective condition, be- 
 gins with the words 'lamue vi- 
 des, belua, iamue sentis...?' 
 
 fTTi Tj TOV (pLXoTip-eladai. irpo- 
 ipdffei] 'under the pretence of 
 zeal in your service,' K., 'of 
 patriotic ambition,' Benseler 
 more literally. 
 
 g§ 144 — 151. Anticipation of 
 an ohji'ction which he ht'arn Ti- 
 mocraten is about to make — that 
 hia law is in accordance icith 
 Athenian maxims respecting per- 
 sonal freedom and aversion to 
 arbitraryimprisonnient, as shown 
 by an existiny law in which the. 
 words occur ' Nor will I im- 
 prison any Athenian who shall 
 put in tliree substantial sure- 
 ties, except in cases of treason- 
 able conspiracy, or default on 
 the part of tax-farmers.' The 
 clause is really found in the oath 
 taken hy members of the Senate, 
 and its object is to check oppres- 
 sive action by those in authority 
 against untried prisoners, lest 
 they should be at a disadvantage
 
 208 RATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§144-146. 
 
 hiKaara'i, u) cmovw fjueWetv Trapa^etyfiaTL XPW^^'' 
 TOVTOv Koi ^-qaeiv cIkoXovOov avTu> redeiKevai, ev <p 
 evL " ovhe Brjao) ' Ps.6r)vai(jOv ovSeva, 09 uv i<yyvr]Ta(; 
 " rpel<i KaOiarr/ to avTo t€\o<; TeKovvra<i, irXrjv idv 
 " Tt? eVt irpohoaia rrj-i iroXew'i v eVt KardXvaet rov 
 " SrjfJiov avvicbv aXw, rj reXo^^ irpidfievo^ rj ijyur]- 
 " a-d/juevo^ i] iKXeycov fit] Kara^dWrj" aKOvaare fiov 
 145 Koi irepl TOVTOV. ov jcip ipS otv avTO<i 'AvSpoTicov 
 
 ' Ti add. Dind. cum libris praeter 2Fv. 
 
 Ml preparing their defence. It 
 does not refer to those tried 
 and convicted, as may easily be 
 proved by reading the Oath of 
 the Heliasts. [The oath is read.] 
 You don't find here, men of the 
 jury, 'Nor -will I put any 
 Athenian in bondage.' 
 
 § 144. wapa5eiy/J.aTL XPV<^^°-'- 
 ...TedeiKivai] ' to quote for a pre- 
 cedent, and say that he iias 
 proposed his own in conformity 
 with it,' K. 
 
 TO avTo tAos reXovvras] sc. 
 aury, of the same class with 
 bim'self, and therefore paying 
 according to the same valu- 
 ation : a safeguard against put- 
 ting in 'men of straw,' the 
 (pavXovs dvdpunrovs of § 85. This 
 is doubtless said in reference 
 to the classes into which the 
 citizens were divided in the ar- 
 chonship of Nausinicus, when 
 the eiacpopa was placed upon a 
 new footing, and the avunoplai 
 introduced. For fuller details 
 see references, Androt. § 44 n. 
 I do not think the Scholiast 
 was guilty of the absurdity 
 which Mr Whiston imputes to 
 him, of taking the passage to 
 mean that the collective pro- 
 perty of the three sureties was to 
 be equal to that of the defendant. 
 His words are tGjv rpLwv iyyvij- 
 
 tQjv exovT(jjv TT]v 'iarjv oiicriav eKel- 
 vip (IpTrep iyyvuivrat : his meaning 
 would have been clearer if he 
 had said ex6cTWj' eKdarov, but I 
 believe he understood the ex- 
 pression in the same sense in 
 which modern scholars have 
 taken it. 
 
 awiibv dXui] 'is discovered in 
 a conspiracy,' E. W., or perhaps 
 'arrested,' as in Androt. § 53. 
 Cf. above § 105 n. This is better 
 than the rendering of K. and 
 Benseler, ' convicted of conspi- 
 racy,' 'schuldig befunden.' As 
 Schoemann pointed out, the 
 context clearly shows that the 
 reference is to untried prisoners : 
 and G. H. Schaefer, in objecting 
 to this ' Sed kXQivai., quod sciam, 
 non dicitur dKpiros,' unquestion- 
 ably narrows too much the usage 
 of the verb. 
 
 •^ T^Xos Trpidnevos] Once 
 more, as in § 40, we have the 
 three classes of persons con- 
 nected with the farming of 
 taxes and, as such, liable to 
 special penalties. On iKXiyoiv 
 see also Androt. § 48 n. 
 
 § 145. ov yap £pu!...v6fJ.ov] 'I 
 will say nothing (though I 
 might) of Androtion's taking 
 people to prison and putting 
 them in bonds notwithstanding 
 this law,' K. with whom the
 
 p. 746.] KATA TLMOKPATOTS. 
 
 209 
 
 T^yev el<s to BeaficoTyjpiov koI eSet tovtov Keifievov rov 
 vofjLOv, aXX i(j) otf Kelrac o vofio^ ovto's, hiha^w vfid<i. 
 ouTos yap, (u au8p6<; StKacnai, ovk eirl Tol<i /ceKpifxi- 
 voi<; Kat rjjcoviafievoi'i Kelrai, aXX' eTrl TOi? aKpLTOfi, 
 iva fir) Bia TO SeSeaOac "^^elpov di^ayKa^oivro d<y(ovL- 
 ^eaOat rj kuI TravTairacTLv aTrapdaKevot elev. ovTocrl 
 8e, a iirl toi<; aKplroc^ Kelrai, 009 Trepl diravToiv 
 146 elprjpLeva, /xiXXei Trpo? vfid<; Xeyeiv. co? 8e crafty? 
 yvoicreaO' on dXrjdrj Xiyo), eya> vfilv epw. ovre yap 
 dv, (o dvSpe^ ScKacrral, i^rjv Vfuv rifidv u ti '^prj ira- 
 delv 1) dirorelaat {iv yap t6> iraOelv Kal 6 Secrfiof; eve 
 OVK dp ovv e^fjv Bea/jbov Tip.rjaai), ovff" ocroiv eVSet^/? 746 
 icTTiv rj dTraycoyr], TrpocreyeypaTrr' dv iv toU v6/xoL<i 
 " Tov 8 evBei-^Oevra rj dTra-^devra Brjcrdvrcov ol ev8eKa 
 " ev Tw ^vX(i),'^ etirep firj e^rjv dXXov<i rj toj)? eVt irpo- 
 
 German translator agrees, 'in 
 Fesseln legte.' Kather, I should 
 say, 'arrested and imprisoned:' 
 vyev ia = aTTTJyfv , but ?0£l need 
 not by any means imply chains 
 or fetters. The facts are related 
 Audrot. §§ 54—56. 
 
 i<p' oU] masculine, 'to what 
 persons the law applies.' §§ 18, 
 59, 135. 
 
 KfKplfjJvOlS KOl 7]yWVl(T/JL^V0li] 
 
 'tried and sentenced.' dyuvi- 
 ^fffdai below is ' proceed to their 
 trial' as defendants, whereas 
 in § 131 it was said of prose- 
 cutors. 
 
 /i^Wet Trpdi iifias X^7ei;'] For 
 conjectures as to the line which 
 the defence is going to take, 
 compare Androt. § 8 ttiv atroXo- 
 ylav riv iroirjatTai, § 42 oi^iat rol- 
 vvv avrbv oiJS' iKilvujv 6.(p{^i(j6ai 
 rwv Xbyojv. 
 
 § 140. lis ok (Ta(pu!s yvdiffeaOt] 
 ' I will show you how you may 
 convince yourselves of the truth 
 of my statement.' 
 
 W. D, 
 
 cure yap clv] yap must often 
 be construed with reference to 
 a suppressed clause. ' For if 
 the defendant's contention (viz. 
 that imprisonment was foreign 
 to the .spirit of Attic law) had 
 been true, the familiar phrase 
 "penalty corporal or pecuni- 
 ary " [iradtlv fi diroTeiaaL, § 63 71.) 
 would be simply unmeaning; 
 for in imprisonment the notion 
 of a corporal penalty is in- 
 cluded.' The jury is saidrt/iSj', 
 to fix, assess, or award a pun- 
 ishment ; hence Ti/xdadai of the 
 plaintiff who 'demands' that 
 a penalty shall be fixed is one 
 among the many examples of a 
 causal middle, like SiddcrKeiv 5i- 
 SdffKecrdai., davti^'eif oavd^^cOai, 
 and 80 on. 
 
 Hvdei^ls i<XTiv fj aTrayoiyr]] An- 
 drot. § 26 n. 
 
 drjadvTOif] § 20 It. 
 
 iv Tip ^vXif)] = tV r^ iro5oKi.KK-Q, 
 § 105 n. 
 
 14
 
 210 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§ 146-149. 
 
 Soala rrj^ 7r6X,€&)9 rj eVt KaraXvaet, tov hrjjjLov avvtov- 
 ra<i r} toi)? to, reXrj wvoufj^evov^ Kal firj Kara^dWov- 
 
 147 Ta<; Sfjcrat. vvv he ravff' vfilv reK/x^pia earco on 
 e^ecTTL Bfjaai' iravTeXw'i yap rjhrj aKvp av rjv ra 
 TCfirjju,aTa. eTretra S', co avhpe<i BLKUcrral, tovto to 
 ypd/jUfza avTO jxev KaB' avro ovk ecrri v6/jL0<;, to " ovBe 
 " Sr](Tco ^ KOrjvaiwv ovheva" iv Se tc3 opKw rw ^ovXev- 
 Tt/cft) yeypaTTTat, Xva p^rj crvvcaTdp,evoi ol prjTope'^ 01 
 iv rfj ^ovXf) 8eap,6v kuto. tlvo^ tcov ttoXltoov Xiyoiev. 
 
 148 aKvpov ovv TOV hrjaai ttjv /dovXrjV ttocoov 6" XoXoov 
 TOVTO TT/oo? TOV opKov TOV jSovXevTiKov TT poaeypayp-ev, 
 aX)C ou 7rp6<i TOV vficTepov' aTrdvTCOv yap KvpicoTU- 
 Tov rpeTo Belv elvat to SiKaaTrjptov, Kal tc yvoir), 
 TOVTO 'irda")(eLv tov aXovTa. dvayvcocreTat 8' vp^lv au- 
 Tov TovTov 6V€Ka TOV TCOV r)\La(JTwv^ opKov. Xeye crv. 
 
 "OPKOX 'HAIASTftN. 
 
 149 l^rjcficovfMaL KaTa toj)? v6p,ov^ Kal Ta y^rj^lafiaTa 
 
 " 6 oin. Z cum S. " SiKaarQv Z Bekk. Bens, cum 2. 
 
 § 147. iravreXCis yap...Ta ti- ypa\l/d/j.evoi has the same mean- 
 
 /xriuiaTa] ' for otherwise your pe- ing, Androt. § 71. In the dis- 
 
 nal sentences would have been tinction between ^ov\€vtik6v and 
 
 wholly null and void,' i.e. ei /mt] v/x4Tepov = 8tKa(TT(.K6u or rikiaaTi- 
 
 i^rjv S^crai, the suppressed clause Kbv lies the point of the orator's 
 
 indicated by ydp. Dobree's con- reply to the argument of Timo- 
 
 jecture Stj { = 'you know') for crates. 
 
 ij8v is noticed by the Editors, §149. "OPKOS 'HAIA2TON] 
 but no one has introduced it This, the last document inserted 
 into the text: ijot] (=' at once') in the body of the speech, con- 
 may well be used here to ex- tains some genuine materials 
 press the immediate result, as (in the opening words and the 
 Mr Whiston has explained it. end of § 150), but, as a whole, 
 
 avvLCTTdfxevoi] ' combining,' is the work of a compiler, 
 
 nearly = (nm6s'Twv 'conspiring.' Westermann devoted three pro- 
 
 Cf. TLCv ridddiov Kal (TvvearrjKdTojv grammes (Leipzig, 1859) to the 
 
 pijTopojc, Androt. §37 n.—X^YOtec exposure of its mistakes. From 
 
 'move, propose.' these Benseler extracts the fol- 
 
 § 148. irpocT^ypaxf/ev] 'inserted lowing notes of forgery : (1) 
 
 the clause.' The middle npoa- The absence of the clause -rrepl
 
 p. 746.] RATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 211 
 
 Tov Sj]/j,ov rov ^Xdrjvamv koI T179 l3ov\rj<; twv 
 irevTaKoaloiv, koX Tvpavvov ov ylr-qcpiovfiai elvat 
 ovh' oXcyap-^^iav' ov8' idv tl<; KaraXv-rj tov hrj- 
 jjLOv TOV ^ Xdrjvaiwv rj Xeyrj rj i7ri,ylrr)(pL^i] irapa 
 TavTa, ov Trelaofiat' ovBe Tciov ^peait' tcov 18lcov diro- 
 
 oiKaioTdTT] KpLvelv, i.e. accordiug 
 to honour and conscience. That 
 these words were included, is 
 attested by c. Lept. p. 492 § 118, 
 c. Aristocr. p. 652 § 96, Boeot. 
 de Norn. p. 1006 § 40, c. Eubul. 
 p. 1318 § 63. Cf. Pollux VIII. 
 122 6 5' op/cos rjv tQiv diKacTrQv 
 Trepl wv vofioi el<yi, \pr](pi.€ia6aL 
 Kara rovs vd/xovs, irepi 5^ uv fir) 
 tiai, yvil}firj ttj diKaiOTaTy. (2) 
 The insertion of the absurd and 
 unhistorical phrase ' not to 
 vote tyranny,' as if tyranny 
 could be ' voted ' in Athens or 
 in any other Greek state. (3) 
 Incorrect expressions, e. g. dcajpr]- 
 (pioviiai with irepl avrou and not 
 in the technical sense of OLa^pr]- 
 
 ^IfflS, T0.VT1Q TJ VfifpC/i for TJ 
 
 airrp Tj^^p^t [but perhaps the 
 writer may not have meant this], 
 iirbtxvvnai for iird/j-vvfjii, ttoWo, 
 Ka\a Kai d7a<^a. for ttoXXo. Kayada 
 [the two last are doubtful read- 
 ings]. (-1) The last clause ex- 
 pressed in the infin., iwoixviivai, 
 ^irapaadai : and a mistake in 
 the names of the gods sworn by, 
 llo<Tfi5u> when it should have 
 been 'A7r6\Xii> irarpi^ov. Allow- 
 ing for the possible captious- 
 ness of some of these objections, 
 the broad fact remains that 
 these documents, as a series, 
 must stand or fall together; and 
 it is abundantly proved that the 
 orators did not, as ii rule, in- 
 clude in their published Hjiueches 
 the laws or other documents 
 which they caused to be read. 
 Perrot, Esxai nur Ic Droit Public 
 
 (VAthenes, p. 240 7i., observes 
 that Schoemann in his Anti- 
 quities, 1855, had anticipated 
 Westermann's conclusion. In 
 his early work Att. Process p. 
 135 he had accepted the Oath 
 as genuine. 
 
 Trapa ravra] This is best 
 taken generally, with Whiston, 
 'in contravention of this,' i.e. 
 of the principles involved in the 
 previous declaration : not sup- 
 plying rd \J/r](pL(T/iaTa from \f/rj- 
 (pLovfiai (Matthiae), nor yet 'r7)v 
 TToXiTeiav as implied in tov Btj/jlov 
 (G. H. Schaefer, Schoemann, 
 Kennedy). 
 
 Treiffofxai] ' consent ' or ' ac- 
 quiesce,' from Treiffeadai: cf. Eu- 
 rip. Heracl. 104 Trorvia yap AlKa 
 Tad' ov irdaiTai, rightly explain- 
 ed by Paley. That irdcrxiiv can- 
 not =e'av, it would be hardly 
 necessary to prove if even emi- 
 nent scholars had not gone 
 astray. A passage in Herod, iv. 
 119 was formerly quoted in illus- 
 tration of this word: 771/ /xivToi 
 iwirj Kal iwl ttjv i]fj,eT^pr)v &p^ri re 
 ddiKiuv, Kal i]iJ.€is ov ireio'Ofj.fda, 
 where Trftaoixeda, if genuine, 
 must come from Trdtrxw. But 
 it is now admitted to be cor- 
 rupt: various conjectures are 
 given in Biihr's and Stein's 
 notes, the most probable being 
 Bekker's ■>repio\p6/j.eda approved 
 by Cobet I'ar. Li-rt. \>. 284. It 
 is odd to find Biihr, after men- 
 tioning several of these correc- 
 tions, defending wdahfuOa by 
 reference to the present passage 
 of the Timocratea. Wesseling 
 
 14—2
 
 212 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§ 149-151. 
 
 K07rd<i ovBe 7^9 dvaSaa/xov Tr}<; ^Adrjvalcov ovB ol~ 
 KLWV. ovhe TOi)? (f)€vyovTa<; Kard^o), ovBe d>v davaro<i 
 KareyvcocTTai,, ovBe rovf fu,evovTa^ e'^fX&S irapa Tov<i 
 v6fj,ou<i Tov<; Keifi€vov<; koI to, y^r}(^L(7[JiaTa rov hrjfiov 
 Tov ^Kdrjvaiaiv Kal ttJ<; /3ov\rj^ ovt avTO<; iyoi our 
 150 dWov ovheva idcro)' 0118' dp)(^rjv KaracnrjcrQ) aiar 7A7 
 dp')(^eLV virevdvvov ovra erepa^ dpyfi^;, Kal toov ivvia 
 dp^ovTcov Kal TOV iepofivi]/MOvo<i Kat baai fxera twv 
 ivvia dp'^ovTCdv KvajxevovTat, ravTrj rrj r^fiepa, Kal 
 
 and Valckenaer (1763) akeady 
 found it intolerable. It is of 
 course the ambiguous form ire'i- 
 (To/xai. that is misleading, as well 
 as the analogy of 'patior' and 
 ' suffer ; ' no one would expect to 
 find tirade for ei'atre, nor has any 
 instance of it been produced. 
 
 Xpeuiv a.ivoKoiras...yri's ava^a- 
 (jix.bv'] These two 'notes' of 
 revolutionary times are con- 
 stantly coupled together, e.g. 
 [Demosth.] Or. xvii. § 15. In 
 Andoc. de Myst. § 88 we have 
 Skat dvdSiKoi 'appeals' along 
 with xpiQiv cLTTOKoTrai. 
 
 ovde Toiis (pevyovra^] The 
 clauses ' not to bring back those 
 in exile or under sentence of 
 death nor expel those who are 
 here resident' appear in the 
 words of the speech itself, § 153. 
 These were ordinary incidents 
 of the struggles between oli- 
 garchy and democracy in any 
 Greek state, e.g. Megara in the 
 time of Theognis or Corcyra in 
 the early years of the Pelopon- 
 nesian war. 
 
 § 150. ov5' apxh" KaraaT-qaw] 
 As long as the compiler con- 
 fines himself to generalities, 
 'Nor will I appoint any one to 
 an office who has still to render 
 his accounts for another office,' 
 he is on safe ground ; but we 
 
 get into difficulties with the 
 names. The Hieromnemon, or 
 principal representative at the 
 Amphictyonic council {Diet. 
 Aiitiq. s.v.) is mentioned out of 
 his natural order; he would 
 more properly be classed with 
 the KTjpvKes and uvveSpoi. — Kara- 
 GTTjau) is not strictly 'appoint,' 
 as the officers here mentioned 
 were elected by lot (Kva/j.evoi'Tai), 
 but their 5oKinaa-ia was tried be- 
 fore a jury. 
 
 Kvaufvoprai] Xen. Mem. i. 2 
 § 9 of the charges against So- 
 crates ; \4yui> ws ^loipov etr? rot's 
 IJ,€v rris TToXecos apxovras dwo kvA- 
 pLOV KadiarcLvai, Kv^epvTqrrj de /j.r)- 
 deva ediXeiv XPVC^"-'- xvafxevrc^. 
 The verb appears to occur only 
 here and in Aristot. 'A0. ttoX. 
 8 § 1, 22 § 5: the k^u/jlos or lot 
 is to be distinguished from the 
 ballot {Kpi'^S-qv ^ri(pi^€crdaL). 
 
 TavTT) TTj ri/JL^pq.] "With such a 
 writer the question between 
 Tavrrj ry 77/x. and rrj avrrj -q/jL. is 
 not historically important. He 
 may have thought that all these 
 offices were filled up by lot ' on 
 the same day :' or that the He- 
 liast first entered upon his du- 
 ties on the day of the election 
 of magistrates, and so swore to 
 scrutinise faithfully all who 
 should be elected 'on this day.'
 
 p. 747.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 213 
 
 KT}pvKo<; Kat 7rpe<T^ela<i koI crvueSpcov ovBe SI9 Tr]p 
 avTTjv ap-^t)v rov avrov avSpa, ovSe 8vo ap^a9 ap^ai 
 Tov avTov iv Tc5 avrw eviavTO)' ovSe Bwpa Se^o/xai 
 rrj^ rj\La.aeoi<; eveKa ovt avT6<i iycb ovt aX\o<i ifiol 
 ovT aWrj 6l86ro<; i/xov, oure re'^vrj ovre firj'^avf} 
 151 ovoefxia. koI 'ye'yova ovk eXaxTov 77 rpcaKOPT erij. 
 
 The Heliast took the oath once 
 for all at the beginning of his 
 year of office (above §g 21, 58). 
 The case of Evander on his 
 ooKifjiaaia for the archonship 
 (§ 138 n.) was heard on the last 
 day but one of the outgoing 
 year; it is not likely, there- 
 fore, that it was tried before 
 Heliasts who had just been 
 sworn in. 
 
 Kal KTipvKo^ Kul wpea^elai Kal 
 aweopuiv] These words as they 
 stand do not seem to be capable 
 of any rational explanation. 
 To take Trpeo-^etat^irpeff/SeuToO 
 or irpia^ioiv between two con- 
 crete nouns involves great harsh- 
 ness ; and there would still re- 
 main the absurdity of supposing 
 that ambassadors were chosen 
 by lot among the annual magis- 
 trates, and before it was known 
 what embassies would be want- 
 ed. We know that, in fact, they 
 were chosen by vote of the Ec- 
 clesia as occasion demanded, 
 and (the Athenians not being 
 devoid of common sense) for 
 their personal qualifications. To 
 get over this dilliculty, Reiske 
 proposes to translate the words 
 'heralds (praeconex) whether of 
 embassies or of synedri : ' mak- 
 ing the words refer to two dis- 
 tinct classes of Ki)pvK('i. This 
 sense would be badly expressed, 
 and not much more satisfac- 
 tory; it is safer to conclude 
 that the writer did not know 
 
 his own meaning. 
 
 The KTjpvKes were of various 
 kinds : (1) mere ' criers ' in the 
 market, a poor and despised 
 class working hard for small 
 gains: Demosth. c. Leochar. p. 
 1801 § 4 SiareXe? yap iv Hnpaiel 
 
 K7)pVTTWV TOVTO 5' ^(TTLV OV IXOVOP 
 
 diroplas dvdpwirit^s T€K/j.ripiov, 
 dXXa. Kai daxoXias ri}? eTrt to 
 TrpaynareveirdaL' dvayKT] yap rj/xe- 
 piViiv iv TTj dyopq. tov tolovtov. 
 
 (2) virrjpirai or underlings of 
 the magistrates, Krjpv^ dpxovTos 
 Corp. In.tcri2}t. No. 181, 182 ; 
 KTJpv^ j3ov\i]s T^s ef 'Apelov irdyov, 
 ibid. No. 180, 181; and others. 
 
 (3) Of a higher rank were the 
 KTJpv^ TTJs ^ovXrjs Kai rov Stjixov, 
 and the iepoKrjpv^ of the Eleu- 
 sinian mysteries. 
 
 (jvvidpuv] § 127 n, 
 
 ovt' dXXos i/j.oi ovt' AXXtj] ' nor 
 shall any other man or woman 
 accept a bribe on my account 
 with my knowledge.' K. Near- 
 ly the same words occur in the 
 oath of the judges of Cnidus 
 (Sir C. Newton, Greek Inscr. in 
 lirit. Mug. II. 21)0) : and, as here, 
 the dative ifxiv is used where we 
 should expect virip i/iou. 
 
 § 151. TptaKovT irt)] The 
 Athenian citizen, coming of age 
 at 18, served in thi; home iinuy 
 for two years as a inpliToXo^, and 
 enjoyed the franchise in the 
 Ecclesia at 20. Ten years more 
 were to elapse before he became 
 eligible as a dicast.
 
 214 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§151-153. 
 
 Kol aKpociarofiai rov re^ KaTTjyopov Kal rov aTroXoyov- 
 fxevov 6fiolco<i d/j,(f>olu, Kal Siw^rjipLov/jiai Trept, avrov 
 ov av rj 8La)^i<i fj^. eTTOfivvvaL^ Ala, UoaetBco^, Arj- 
 firjrpa, Kal eTrapaadai i^coXecav eavTa> Kal otKia ttj 
 eavTov, et tl tovtcov 7rapa/3aivoi, evopKovvrc Se iroWd 
 Kayada^ elvai?\ 
 
 ^KvravO^ ovK evi, w dv8p€<; StKaarai, " ovhe hr}a(o 
 "^Adrjvalcov ovSiva'" to. yap Kpivovra t«<? KplaeLt 
 d'ird(Ta<i rd BcKaarijpL ecrrlv, ot? i^ovaia icrrl koI 
 Seafxov Kal aXX' o tl dv^ ^ovXcovrac KaTuyiyvd)- 
 a-K€iv. 
 
 T T€ om. Z Bekk. Bens, cum 2. ^ ^ 17 St'wfis Z Bekk. Illud S. 
 ^ eTTo/jLvv/j-ai Z Bekk. Bens, ciun libris. ^ HoaeLdQva Z Bens. 
 
 cum 2. *= (caXd Kal ayaOa. Bens, cum 2. ** aW 6 tl av Z, 
 
 a.\\o Tl 6 av Bens, cum 2. 
 
 /cat dK-podtro/tiat] The jurors are 
 reminded of this clause of the 
 oath in the opening words of 
 Aeschin. de F. L. and Demosth. 
 de Cor. 
 
 di.a\pri(piovfJ.ai...ri 5iaj|ts rj] 'I 
 will decide strictly on the ques- 
 tion of the suit : ' on that exact 
 question {irepi avToO) and no 
 other. The simple verb \p7)- 
 tpiovfiai is required : cf. Diet. 
 Antiq. s.v. ' Diapsephisis. ' 
 
 iwoiJ-vvvaL] This correction of 
 Bekker's avoids the improper 
 use of the middle voice (§ 149 
 71. ), and brings the construction 
 into conformity with eTrapaadai. 
 But it is clear that these in- 
 finitives could have formed no 
 part of the oath itself : they be- 
 long to the law which imposed it. 
 
 AiayUocrei.dQjATj/j.rp-pa] 'Quod 
 tradit Pollux paullulum ab hoc 
 loco differt : ui/j-wov 5' iv 'Xph'iTTip 
 'A7r6XXw TraTpcpov Kal Arj/j-riTpa 
 Kal Ala /SacrtX^a. In Bekk. 
 Anecd. p. 443, 31 jusjurandum 
 Heliastarum "Y{\i.ov habet loco 
 
 Neptuni.' H. Schelling de So- 
 lonis legibus p. 35 quoted by 
 Dindorf. 
 
 TToXXd A:d7a^d] The reading 
 of 2, iroXXd KoKa Kal dyada (see 
 various readings) introduces one 
 of the phrases to which Ben- 
 seler himself objects (§ 149 7t.). 
 Yet he goes out of his way to 
 adopt it, alone among editors. 
 
 rd yap KplvovTal ' It is the 
 courts that decide all questions 
 that are brought to trial.' 
 
 §§ 152 — 154. Any under- 
 mining of the powers of the 
 courts will not merely lead to 
 a perversion of justice, but be 
 highly dangerous politically. If 
 what has beendecreed by verdict 
 may be rescinded by a neio law, 
 ichere is the thing to end? Any 
 other bulwark of the constitution 
 may be subverted by a like pro- 
 cess. In the oligarchical revo- 
 lutions of former times, the first 
 step teas to deprive the dicas- 
 teries of their power and abolish 
 the indictments for illegal mea-
 
 p. 748.] KATA TIMOKPATOT2. 
 
 215 
 
 152 fl? fikv ovv €^€(7Tiv vficv Sea/jLov KarayiyvcoaKeiv, 
 TavTT}^ eTriSeiKW/jLL' cl)? 8e^ rd SeBiKacrfiev ciKvpa 
 TTOielv Kol heivov kuI avocriov iari kul Srjfjiou KaTti- 
 \vai<;, irdvTa'i dv oI/jlui 6/iio\oy7]crai, 77 yap vroXt? 
 r}fjL(ov, w dvSpe^ SiKaaraL, vofxoa koX yfrrjcfiiafMacrt 
 BioiKetTaL. el Sij Tt<i rd yfryjcpo) KeKpifieva vo/xo) Kauvo) 
 \vaeL, TL 7repa<i earai ; j) Trcwf tovtov Slkulov iart 
 v6/xov irpocrayopeveiv, aXV ovk dvofjbiav ; rj ttco? ov 
 T^9 fieyL<nri<; opyrj^ 6 tocovto^ vofjbodeTi]<; d^i6<; iariv ; 
 
 153 e7&) /jL€v yap rwv ia^drcov^ vofil^o}, 01;^ ort tovtov 
 
 fiovov Tov vofMov edjjKev, dXX' otl Kal toU dWoa 748 
 
 o86v SeiKvvai koI irepl hiKaaTripLOiv /caTaXvaeco'i Kal 
 
 ® raCr' Z Bekk. Bens, cum libris praeter F. 
 
 f lis 5e Kcd Z Bens, cum 2FvB. 
 
 ' T'^y etrxaTT/s libri praeter 2. 
 
 mres. Circumstances may have 
 altered; the coiutitution may he 
 on a firvier footing: hut the 
 only safe thing to do is to crush 
 all nuch attempts iti the hud. 
 
 § 152. ravTrj (irideUpv/xi] See 
 the various readings. We may 
 say here that ravrri is what De- 
 mosthenes either wrote or ought 
 to have written: but the evi- 
 dence is all in favour of the less 
 attractive reading ravr'. Din- 
 dorf shows, as usual, ' the 
 courage of his opinions.' 
 
 ri deSixaa-fifi/' &Kvpa Troielv] 
 That the setting aside of ju- 
 dicial decisions would introduce 
 uncertainty into all the rela- 
 tions of life was argued in §§ 
 72 — 78. He now approaches 
 the question from the political 
 side, not without some repe- 
 titions of previous arguments. 
 
 v6ixoii Kal fpTi(pl<Tfj.a<Ti] The 
 distinction is oxplained in Diet. 
 Antiij. K.v. ' Nomothetes.' 'The 
 mere resolution of the people 
 in assembly was a \p-fi(pi(Tixa, and 
 
 only remained in force a year, 
 like a decree of the Senate. 
 Nothing was a law that did not 
 pass the ordeal of the i>ofj.o6eTai..' 
 
 dvo/xlav] ' a breach of law ' 
 as R. W. and Benseler, rather 
 than the abstract ' lawlessness. ' 
 
 § 153. Tuiv ecrxaTwi'] This 
 reading of 2 is ixndoubtedly 
 right : TO. ^(xxo-Ta is a regular 
 phrase for capital punishment, 
 e.g. Lys. c. Andoc. § 13 to. 
 ^axo-ra Tre/crerat, C Agorat. § 60 
 TO, icrxO'Ta waOdv. The Attics 
 say ^(TXtt'TT; Tincjpla, as § 119, 
 but fifylar-q dpyi), not icrx'^-rt}. 
 
 ovx oTi. TouTov n6vov'\ i.e. 01) 
 
 lx6vOV OTi TOVTOV, cf. OI^X StOJS 
 
 § 113 n. 
 
 dtKa(TT7jpiwv KaraXvcreoji] A 
 rare phrase for to. 5iKaaTripia (or 
 dediKaafjL^fa) aKvpa troif'ti'. We 
 scarcely find KaTdXvixis in tlio 
 orators except with drjuov : an 
 exception, liowever, is c. Polycl. 
 p. 1209 § 11 Tpi-qpovi yap ofioXo- 
 yfiTai KardXvffis tlvai, the ' ruin ' 
 of it.
 
 216 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§ 153, 154.. 
 
 'jrepl rdov <pev<y6vro)v KadoSov koI rrrepl rwv dXXcov 
 rwv SecvoraTOiv. rt lydp KcoXvei, w dvSpe'i SiKacrrai, 
 el ovTO<i ')(aipwv aTraWd^ei 6 tolovtov v6fj,ov Jidei^i, 
 hrepov ^avrjvai dWo ri twv Trj<; TroXeeu? lcr')(ypord- 
 Tcov KaraXvovra vo/jLW kulvS ; iyo) pbev yap oljjLat, 
 154 ovSev. aKovco S' eycoye Kal to irporepov ovtw Kara- 
 XvdrjvaL rr/v SrjfioKparLav, irapavo/xcov irpwrov ypa- 
 (f)wv KardXvOeia-dov Kal tcop hiKaaTrjpioiv dxypcov 
 yevofievcov. lato^ fiev ovv dv rt? viroXd^oi, on ov'^ 
 o/jLOLcov ovtcov tcSv 7rpay/j,dTcov vvv Kal rore \eyco 
 
 Xcl-po^v diraWd^ei.] For the 
 intransitive sense 'come off, get 
 off' comp. de Cor. p. 246 § 65 
 Xe7pov ijfxQv d7r7;XXdxa(TiC. Ae- 
 schin. de F. L. § 38 ^7}ixoadivy]v 
 rov ovTio KarayeXdcTTLOS dwa\- 
 Xd^avra, c. Ctes. § 158 oiVe 
 TToXis ydp oUt' i5tu)T7;s dvrip ovSels 
 irwTTOTe KaXQs dwrjWa^e Ar]fj.o- 
 adivei. avix^oiikifi xpV'^°-P-^''o^- 
 
 Tidels] The present participle 
 marks the stage which the law 
 of Timocrates had reached (not 
 being yet out of danger) better 
 than dels, and has been rightly 
 received: cf. § 131 oi ttjs lei'ias 
 dXicTKOfievoi.. 
 
 § 154. aKovio 5' ^Ywye] The 
 orator is doubtless thinking of 
 his favourite historian's account 
 of the Eevolution of 411, when 
 to abolish the yp<x<pri trapavbixuv 
 was the first step of the 0-1/7- 
 ypacpeis or oligarchical legisla- 
 tors. Thueyd. viii. 67 earjveyKav 
 oi ^vyypa<pTJs dWo fiev ovbiv, avrd 
 de TovTo, e^elvai fi^v 'A^^jcatwv 
 dvenreiv yvihixriv rjv dv rts /3oiy- 
 \TjraL' rjv di tis tov elirbvra t) 
 ypdypTjTCLL Trapavofxwv t] d\\u> to) 
 TpbiTif p\a\pr], /xeydXas i'VfJ-M^ 
 iwideaav. Compare Grote's re- 
 marks, ch. 62 (v. 384). 
 
 KOI tQiv 5iKa(TTr)pi<j}V ...yevofxi- 
 
 fwy] Koi does not denote a sepa- 
 rate step in the process. 'The 
 abolition of the ypacpij Trapavd- 
 /iiwv was in itself the removal 
 of the check upon constitutional 
 changes exercised by the courts. 
 oux o^olojv . . .vvv Kal rSre] At 
 the date of this speech Athens 
 had now enjoyed fifty years of 
 democratic government (b. c. 
 403 — 353) undisturbed by re- 
 actionist conspiracies : and her 
 constitutional freedom lasted as 
 long as her political independ- 
 ence. Among the causes of 
 this happy result we shall not 
 be wrong in reckoning the wise 
 humanity of the restored demo- 
 cracy towards the men of the 
 Second Oligarchy, as compared 
 not merely with the habitual 
 cruelty of Greek factions but 
 with the conduct of the same 
 party a few years before. Un- 
 like the counter-revolution of 
 411, when AntiiDhon and the 
 other leading oligarchs were put 
 to death, the archonship of Eu- 
 cleides had left behind it no 
 bitter memories. But further, 
 this softening of manners was 
 itself the effect of a common 
 calamity : the loss of empire 
 had solDered all classes. The
 
 p. 748.] RATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 217 
 
 Trept KaraXvaeco^ rov hi'-jiiov. aXTC ovhe airepixa Set 
 KaTa/3dWeiv ev rrj iroXec ovBiva, (o avSpe^ hiKacnai, 
 TOLOVTOiv 7rpayiJ,a.T0)V, ovB et /xt] tto) dv iK(f>voi, dWd^ 
 rov iy')(^€ipouvTa \iyetv rj iroielv tl tolovtov Siktjv 
 BlBovul. 
 
 6 Kal add. Dind. cum libris praeter S. 
 
 policy which had exterminated 
 Melos (416) and had nearly ex- 
 terminated Mytilene (427) had 
 been tried and had failed: the 
 terrible sufferings of the siege 
 and the dark times of the Thirty 
 had left behind them a craving 
 for repose. The spirit of the 
 new time is well expressed in 
 the speech of Thrasybulus at 
 the end of the second Hellenic 
 (n, 4 §§ 40—43) : and even the 
 unpatriotic Xenophon cannot 
 refuse his tribute of admiration 
 {kuI 6/i6crai'T€i opKovs 77 fJ-y)v firj 
 fiVTjffiKaKTifffiv, In Kai vvv o/xoO 
 
 T« TToKlTfVOVTai Kal TOiS OpKOlS 
 
 iixixivd 6 S^/xoj). When, after 
 ten years (Cnidus .394), Athens 
 had recovered from her ex- 
 haustion and once more held up 
 her head, the lessons of adver- 
 sity were not forgotten, though 
 all else was: an 'amnesty' in 
 the best sense of the word. 
 
 tl /xri TTw Slv iKcpvoi] When dv 
 follows fl there is usually a re- 
 ference to a further condition, 
 either expressed, as in Demosth. 
 de F. L. p. 39.5 § 172 = 190 
 where el iirp^ff^euj' Sj/ refers to 
 il /JLT) oia t6 TovTovi fiovXtffdai. 
 aCxrai (if I would have gone on 
 the embassy but for my wish 
 Ac), or implied, as in Plat. 
 Prot. 329 }) <'>u) ttnep &\\tj) Ttp 
 6.v0pu}iTu)v Tr(idolfxr)i> clv (sup- 
 posing him to say so) xal crol 
 irddofxai. In the present case 
 the further condition does not 
 mean more than ' if perhaps,' 
 
 'if it should happen so:' 'no 
 man ought even to sow the seed 
 of such things in the common- 
 wealth, even ;/ if should so 
 happen that it has not sprung 
 up as yet.' Cf. Jelf, Synt. § 
 860. 
 
 §§ 155 — 159. / luill prove to 
 you that he carried this law with 
 no honest intent. He took ad- 
 vantage of your regard for ' law ' 
 as such, to bring forward and 
 pass that which in reality is no 
 law (§ 156). Had he allowed 
 you to see this in its true light, 
 no magistrate could have put it 
 to the vote. But he proposed it, 
 relying on the support of the 
 other orators. You will see them 
 come forward as one mxin, not 
 that they care for Timocrates, 
 but because they think it for 
 their own interest as a bodi/ 
 (§ 157). He has talked of 'it 
 himself, avowing his motives itt 
 the most cynically impudent 
 manner: Androtion, hesaid, had 
 got up at his leisure such argu- 
 ments on every point, that no 
 harm could come to him {Timo- 
 crates) from this impeachment 
 (§ 158). / am astonished at the 
 impudence of them both : and 
 so will you be, lohen yon have 
 heard what I am going to tell 
 you about the ivay these two 
 men have gmic on together. You 
 are mjt likely to have heard it 
 before, unless you were present 
 at the former trial, when Eu- 
 demon prosecuted Androtion.
 
 218 
 
 KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. [§§155-158. 
 
 155 ' Ori TOtvvv Koi Te')(yr] KaKW^ ev€-)(^eLprj(T€ iroielv 
 vjxm, a^iov iariv aKovaai. opwv 'yap eKaaroTe irav- 
 ra<i, Kal toi)? TroXiTevofievovi Koi tov<; ISLcorat;, roix; 
 v6fiov<; rwv rrj'^ iroXeco^; dyadwv alrlov^ v7ro\a/jt,/3d- 
 vovTw;, icTKOTreL 7r&5? Xtjcrec tovtov<; KUTaXvaa';, kclv 
 apa \T](f}0fj TovTO TTOLciov, firj 86^et Seivov fiTjS' dvaiSe^; 
 
 156 /jLT]8ev elpydaOai. evpev ovv tov6^ ireiroi'qKe, v6- 
 yu(t) TOi)? vo^ov^ KaroCKxxjai, \va TdhLKrjiJiaT avrov ro 
 rf]^ (Twrripla^ ovofx e-x^rj. o'l re yap (tq}^ovt€<; rrju 
 TToXiv elcri vofioi, ov 6" ovro'i edrjKev ovSev eKeivoi^ 
 rwv avTwv e')(ovra, v6fio<i. rrjv fxev ovv tov ovo^aro^ 
 (f)iXav6pa>7rLav, ore ravTrjv hr)^ fxaXta-ra Trpoaleade, 
 
 ^ av Z Bekk. Bens. Bl. cum libris. 
 
 §155. Texvri]'ofma,licea,hie- 
 thought,' opp. to aTrXtis § 157: 
 'by craft' K. : 'auf eine raffi- 
 nirte Art' Benseler: but I do 
 not think either of these quite 
 exact. — KaKuis of course goes 
 with TTOie^v. — a|t6;' ecmv aKOvaai, 
 'it is right that you should 
 hear,' 'well that you should be 
 informed.' 
 
 Tovs TToXirevonevovs] The dis- 
 tinction between iroKiTiviiv and 
 iroXiTeveffdai. is hardly brought 
 out with sufficient clearness in 
 L. and S. TroXLTeveiv = Tro\lTr]s 
 dvac, to live under a govern- 
 ment : TroXtreL'ecr^at =:7roXiTtK6s 
 eii-ai, to be a public man, take 
 part in the government. 
 
 euKoweL TTois Xijcret] In this 
 construction ottwj is far more 
 common : but there is no variety 
 of reading. — Kav apa ' and if 
 after all.' 
 
 § 156. 'iva. raOiKrjixaT avrov] 
 'that his misdeeds may have 
 the name of salutary measures,' 
 K. very neatly. 
 
 expvra'] attracted to the case 
 
 of bv, though really belonging 
 to another clause : this which 
 he passed, and which has no- 
 thing in common with them, 
 is (also) a 'law.' 
 
 Trjv fi^v oiiv...Trapei5e] 'The 
 kindly sound of the name ' ' law ' ' 
 he clearly saw that you tho- 
 roughly like: that in actual 
 practice it will be shown to 
 have very different qualities, he 
 disregarded.' 
 
 TavTrjv 5i} fxaXLcrra Trpoaleade.] 
 The better MSS. read h.v...irpoa- 
 ieaOe : but there is no place 
 here for the imperf. ind. with 
 ac, 'you would like it' if things 
 were otherwise : it is a fact that 
 you do like it. The reading of 
 the inferior MSS. av...7rpoaet- 
 aOe, followed by Dobree and 
 others (including Shilleto on 
 F. L. p. 363 § 80, Madvig 
 Advers. Crit. i. 461), is less ob- 
 jectionable, but still not satis- 
 factory. The change of AN into 
 AH (Androt. § 70 ?i. ) is so slight 
 that it is best to accept Din- 
 dorf's conjecture and take Trpoa-
 
 p. 749.] KATA TIMOKPATOT^. 
 
 219 
 
 KUTelSe' rrjv he y^peiav, ore rdvavria e^ovaa <f)auTj- 749 
 
 157 creTai,, irapelhe. (jyepe yap 7rpo<i Ato?, ecmu oart^ av 
 rj Trp6e8p6<i ttot eTreylrrjcfyiaev rj TrpiiTavif; tovtwv tl 
 TU)v iv TM vofjLO) y€ypafi/x€P(i}v ; eyco p,ev ovSiv av 
 olfiai. TTcS? ouv TOvB' virehv ; vojjlov eder ovofxa 
 TOt? avTov KUKOvpyt] fxacTiv. ov yap (xttXco?, Otis' otto)? 
 Iti/^oi', TTOLOvcn KaKw<i vfj.d'i, aW ecr/ce/u./iet-oj? zeal 
 TOUT avTO irparrovTe^i, ov-)^ ovroi fiovov, aXXa ttoXXol 
 Tcov 7ro\LT€vo/j,6va)v, o'i TovTO) 7rapi6vTe<; avTtKa 8?) 
 fidXa crvuaTToXoyyjcrovTai, ov fid At ov TifiOKpaTeo 
 ^apicraadac ^ovXofievoi, iroOev ; aXX avrco avfi(f)e- 
 peiv 6Ka(JT0'i rjyovp,€vo<; rov vofjLOV. wairep roivvv 
 ovToi (T^iatv avTOL<; ^orjdovatv i(f) v/j,d<i, ovtco Set koI 
 
 158 VfMd<i vfitv avroi<i jSorjdelv. kultol dvepcoToovTO^ rivo<i 
 avTov OTOV eveKa roiavr rjdeXrjae ypd(f>€cv, Koi 81- 
 e^i6vT0<; c«J9 ')((iXe7r6v tov drjoov VTroXafi/Sdvoi rovBe, 
 
 UcOe as a present. Upoaifffdai 
 with accus. takes for its sub- 
 ject either the thing which 
 pleases a person or the person 
 who is pleased with a tbing: 
 cf. Aristoph. Eq. 359 ii> 5' ov 
 irpoaUrai ue and Vesp. 742 
 roirr' ov dOvarai fie irpocicOai. 
 with Eurip. El. 622 irpQffTjKdnrjv 
 rd pr)6iv. For the sense of xP^'-°-^ 
 'working' or 'practice' as opp. 
 to theoryor previous calculation, 
 cf. c. Aristocr. p. (J6B § 148 at 
 ivayKOiai xpf lat toi)s tov tI irpaK- 
 riov rj fjLTj Xoyifffj-ovs dvaipovaiu 
 diravras. 
 
 § 1.07. ij -irpdeSpds ttot' iireiprj- 
 (piffev 17 trpirrai'ii] The iinxj/rj- 
 <pi(Tii of the irpStopoi or irpvTdveLf 
 was in tbe assembly, when the 
 law first came on as a \{/r](pi.ffp.a 
 (§ 152 H.): for it to become a 
 v6piot, it must pass a jury of 
 voixoOirai with a OrfffJioOiTrjt 
 presiding, §§ 27 n., 33 n. 
 
 iruis o^v TovO' I'TT^Su;] 'how 
 then did he slip through it?' 
 ' Wie wusste er nun hier durch- 
 zuschliipfen? ' Benseler. 
 
 oTTws irvxov] 'accidentally:' 
 irvxov with the personal sub- 
 ject OL pr)Topes is better than the 
 vaguer irvxe- The phrase is 
 often a euphemism for what is 
 bad: cf. Shilleto on F. L. p. 
 428 §272 = 309. 
 
 i(TKefj.n^vus Kal tovt' avrb 
 Trparroirfs] ' deliberately, and 
 making it theirbusiness.' ianip.- 
 pivois, of malice aforethought, 
 
 = 'rix^V i 1'55- 
 rovToj ■KapLbvTe%. . .avvairoXoy-f}- 
 
 (Tocrai] ' will immediately come 
 forward and assist T. in his 
 defence:' avrlKa 5ri p.d\a, Au- 
 drot. § 0.5 tl. : al)i)Vt', § 32. 
 
 7r6<?ei';] 'why should thoy?' 
 parenthetical, — 'that is not very 
 likely' K. 
 
 § 158. 5i€^i6i'ros — Tdvdt] ' tell-
 
 220 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§ 158-160. 
 
 reTv^wadai' tov Xeyovr^ e(f)r]' a-Vfiirapeaeadai yap 
 AvcpoTicov eavTU), kuI toiovtov; \6jov<; a-yoXrjv 
 ayovT i(7Ke^6aL jrepl iravTwv, war ev elhevai on 
 ovoev avrcp yevtjaoLTO (^Xavpov airu Trj<i ypa(^r)<i 
 159 Trjaoe. koL SrJTa kul reOau/xaKa Trji> avaLo-xyvriav 
 TTjv TouTov re' KUKeLvov, TOV fxev, el KoXel, tov 8\ el 
 Trapeiai /cat, avvairoXoytjaeTat. fxaprvpia yap hrjirov 
 (fjavepa yevrjaerai Traatv vijuv, OTt, rov vofxov tovtov 
 eveic eTiOet, aXX" ovk iirl Tracri tov avTov. oynfo? he 
 Kai irept twv eKeivcp TreiroXcTevfxevwv vfiai? fxcKpa 
 /BeXTtov eaTiv aKovcraL, Kal tovtcov Tav0\ wv kckol- 
 voovqKev ovto<;, Kal Si' a tovtov ovSev rJTTov eKeivov 
 StKaiax; av fiiaolTe. Xe^co 5' ovSev wv aKijKoad' 750 
 vfMelf, ei fii] Tt,ve<i up" eirl toI^ EvKTrj/jUOvi ycyvo/xevoi'i 
 dycocri Traprjaav. 
 
 ' T€TV(p\uiff$ai Z cum 2T. 
 
 ^ rbv Tavra \eyovT Z Bekk. Bens. Dind. Illud Bl. cum Tfi krs. 
 
 ' re om. Z Bens, cum SFv, 
 
 ing him at length what a se- 203 dv 34 tl cpXavpov {aTrayyeXOri 
 
 rious contest this was that he rrj iroXei), opp. to n tQu 5e6vTwv. 
 
 had engaged in.' dLe^uvaL im- Aristocr. p. 651 § 92 ij ye woXls 
 
 plies some fulness of detail. <f>Xavpov ovd^u ireiaeraL Kara to 
 
 TeTvcpuxxdai] ' The speaker, ^vcpiafia tovto. 
 
 he said, was mad.' K. We find g 159. tovtov ts KaKdvov] 
 
 /xaivofiai Kai T€TV(pu/j.aL joined tovtov, the immediate defend- 
 
 de F. L. p. 409 § 219—241, ant Timocrates : eKeLuov, An- 
 
 where Shilleto quotes Harpo- drotion : but below tovtov ei>eKa 
 
 cration : TiTvrpufxai- clvtI tov e/j.- is A. — KaXei is of course future, 
 
 ^ejip6vTT)nai, ^^u} Tuiv (ppevibv y& as shown by vapeLai Kal awavo- 
 
 yova, and the latter refers to de XoyriaeTat. 
 
 Cor. p. 229 § 11 ovx ovtuj tctv- iiri Trda-i tov avTov] § 18 n. 
 
 <pu)/xai. Kal TovTwv TavTa] ' and those 
 
 (txoXt]!' dyovTa] Benseler sug- of them in particular,' i.e. of 
 
 gestively translates ' in seiner Androtion's public acts, tQv 
 
 •Studirstubc,' 'in his study.' eKdvip imroXiTivij.ivwv. 
 
 ctAavpof'] In the orators usu- rots 'EvKT-f)fxovL yiyvo/x^vois d- 
 
 ally with X^yew or elTrnv, a sense 7^0-1] The plural, as two trials 
 
 ihustrated on Androt. §12: but are referred to: (1) the ypa4>r) 
 
 sometimes of harm, bad news, Trapai'o/^iuj' against Euctemon by 
 
 or misfortune. Mid. p. 579 § Androtion and his friends (above
 
 p. 750.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 221 
 
 i6o Kat rrrpwTOV fiev, icp' u> f/^e'^Lcnov (ppovel, Trjv twv 
 ')(P7)/jLc'to)v elcTTTpa^Lv e^erdcrco/xev avrov, rjv fxera 
 Tovrov Tov ')(^priarov 7rdvra<i ela-eirpa^ev vfxu<;. al- 
 Ttaadfjt,evo^ yap RvKTrj/xova Td<; vp,€repa<; €)(^€iv elcr- 
 (f)opd<;, Kal TOVT i^eXey^etv rj Trap' eavTOv Kara- 
 07]cr€iv vTToa'^ofievo'i, KaTaXucra<i ■^rj^icriiarL kXtjpco- 
 
 § 14, ypd<j)ovTai to \j/T](pi<Tfj,a) : 
 (2) the trial of Androtion, in 
 which Euctemon was plaintiff, 
 and Diodorus the speaker of 
 the Audrotionea followed on the 
 same side (Androt. init.). — yL-yvo- 
 fuivois imperf. part. 
 
 §§ 160 — 18(3. An exposure of 
 the whole political career of 
 Androtion, as Timocrates' chief 
 friend and partner in guilt: 
 mostly repeated from Androt. 
 § 47 to the end, but with occa- 
 sional verbal changes to suit the 
 altered circumstances of the 
 case. In the Timocratea, §§ 
 160 — 168 follow closely Androt. 
 §§ 47 — 56 down to the words 
 th t6 decfj-iorripLov 'iXKiadai : 
 §§ 16'J — 171 are a shorter sub- 
 stitution for Androt. §§ 57 — 64 
 beginning with the story of 
 Sinope and Phanostrata at the 
 end of § 56: Timocr. §§ 172 
 — 186 are again reproduced, 
 with the exception of a few 
 sentences, from Androt. §§ 65 
 — 78. On the question of these 
 repetitions as affecting the in- 
 tegrity of the speech, see In- 
 trod. The differences in the 
 parallel passages are pointed out 
 as they occur : but tbe explana- 
 tory notes are not repeated from 
 the former speech. 
 
 §§ 160—169. Androtion ax a 
 collector of taxes: his treatment 
 of Euctemon, wlmm he falsely 
 accused of retaining balances 
 due to you, got you to depose 
 
 him from the office of iKXoyevs to 
 which lie had been citotien by lot, 
 and crept into his place (160). 
 He abuaed the poivers that he 
 had obtained from you for call- 
 ing in arrears of taxes (161) ; 
 so that the example of his con- 
 duct did harm out of all propor- 
 tion to the gains of the treasury 
 (162). Such conduct recalls the 
 days of the Thirty, the worst in 
 Athenian Iiistory (16a, 164); or 
 rather Androtion surpassed them 
 in brutality (165), and treated 
 free citizens worse than slaves 
 (166, 167). Yet his own father 
 had been a defaulter to the state, 
 and had escaped from the prison 
 to which the son consigned inno- 
 cent jJersons (168). Timocrates, 
 his associate in these exactions, 
 would not have taken bail from 
 his victims for a single day ; he 
 imprisoned them without trial. 
 Yet now lie is for bailing out 
 men ivho hare been tried and 
 senteiwed. 
 
 § 160. fjv fiera tclitov tov 
 XpijffToO... ii/xas] Inserted here 
 in order to connect Timocrates 
 more closely with tlic acts of 
 Androtion. In tlu: parallel pas- 
 sage Androt. § 47 we liave /njj 
 TJj rovTOV wpocr^xo'''''^^ dXa^ovelqi 
 rbv vow, dWd rb irpdy/j.a, olov 
 yiyovi rrj dXrjOfig., (TKoirovvTei. 
 
 alTLaaafxevos 70/5 EuKrrjfxova] 
 II Androt. § 48 outos Ei/zcrT^/ixofa
 
 222 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTX. [§§ 160-163. 
 
 rrjp dp'^rjv eVl rf} 7rpo(f)daeL Tavrrj, iirl rrjv et(T7rpa^tv 
 TrapiSv, Kol tovtov Trpovj3aK.eTO, eltroiv Trjv rov crdo- 
 i6i /xaro'i appoicrriav, JV, e<^7?, avvSiOLKj} fioi. Srjfir]<yo- 
 pLa<i S' iirl Touroi<; 7roiovfi,€vo<;, (w? ecrrt rpucv aipe- 
 crL<; 7] ra Tro/jiTreia KaraKOTrreiv ■)) ttoKlv eucrqiepeiv 
 rj Tov<i 6(f)€iXovTa<i elaTrpdrreLV, aipovp,evcov elK6Tco<; 
 vfjbdov T0U9 6<^eiXovTa<i elaTrpaneiV, ral<i VTroa'x^ecreaL 
 Kareycov Kal Sid rov Kaipov 09 i)v tot e^cov i^ov- 
 aiav, Tot<? fzev Ket/jievoL<i v6ij,ol<; [irepl tovt(ov]° ovk wsto 
 8eiv ')(^prjcr9ai ovS\ el [xi] tovtov; ivofjui^ev iKavov<;, 
 €Tepov<i Tidevac, '\lrr](f)L(T/u,aTa S" eiirev ev vfuv Secvd 
 Kav Trapdvofia, 81' u>v i^pyoXd^ei, Trpoaaycoyel tovtw 
 
 ™ add. v/iiiv Bekk. cum libris praeter 2ksA^. 
 
 " KaraKOTTTeiv to. irofXTre7a Bl. 
 
 " om. Bl. cum F. 
 
 Kal TOVTOV irpoii^a.\eTo...avv- 
 SioiKfi /xol] Again bringing into 
 relief the complicity of the pre- 
 sent defendant : in \\ Audrot. 
 the sentence ends with irapeSv. 
 — irpouiBaXeTo is here simply 
 ' proposed,' ' put forward,' as in 
 Boeot. de Dot. p. 1021 § 44 dv 
 oCtos irpov^aKeTo oiaiT7}Tr)v. With 
 the genitive the verb expresses 
 the notion of an excuse, shelter, 
 or disguise, as in Mid. p. 560 
 § 139 TOVTOV Trpo^^pXrjTai IIoXi^- 
 evKTos. (But in Mid. p. 579 
 § 200 MeiSfas 'Avayvpdcnos wpo- 
 jSipXriTai. it is passive, ' becomes 
 a candidate. ') Comp. 7rp6/3\T7/xa, 
 I Steph. p. 1122 § 69, ^vith Dr 
 Sandys' note. 
 
 etVaiv TTjv Tov (JW/uaros dppw- 
 aTiau] ' on the plea of ill- 
 health.' 
 
 § 161. SrifjLrryopias] This is 
 the reading of all MSS. in || 
 Androt. and of all but Z here. 
 Modern editors, with the excep- 
 tion of Blass, think the sin- 
 
 gular more appropriate, and 
 prefer dr]/j.7jyopiai'. But more 
 than one speech may well have 
 been required to carry all the 
 points here mentioned. 
 
 irpoaaycoyu TOVTip xpihfjievos 
 tQ)v Xrifj.fxd.Twi'] ' making use of 
 the defendant as a provider of 
 his gains,' 'jackal' L. and S. 
 This clause is not in || Androt. ; 
 and the rare word wpoffayixiyevs 
 seems post-classical, or at least 
 un-Attic {jroTayuiyiSfs in Sici- 
 lian Doric is cited from Arist. 
 Pol. VII. § 7). As Mr Whiston 
 points out, its use here might 
 be alleged in support of Bense- 
 ler's view, that §§ 110—486, in- 
 cluding the repetitions from the 
 Androtionea, are interpolated. 
 The interpolator would natu- 
 rally introduce little ' tags ' (two 
 of which have been noticed in 
 the last section) in order to 
 show the relevancy of his inser- 
 tions to the case of Timocrates 
 now before the court.
 
 p. 751.] KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. 223 
 
 162 ')(p(t)/j,€vo<; Twv XijfM/jidrcov. Kal ttoWo, t(ov vfieTcpcov 
 KeK\o(f)ev fieTO. toutov^, ypd-^a^ toi)<? evSeKa Kal tou? 
 aTToSeKTa^ Kal toi)? VTrrjpeTa'i aKokovOelv ixed avrov. 
 elr e-)(^cov tovtov<; ^yev iirl Td<; vfierepa^ OLKia^, koI 
 <TV, CO TifioKpare'i, avvr}Ko\oi6ei,<; fiovo'i twv crvvap- 
 ■X^cvTCOv SeKa ovtcov. Kal fxr]8el<i v7ro\afx/3aveTco /xe JC^I 
 Xeyetv &>? ov XP^l^ elcnrpdrreLu Tov<i 6(pel\ovra<;. 
 XPV^ 7"P- dWd 7r&)9 ; &)? o vofMO'i ayopevei, roiv 
 dW(ov el'veKa' tovto yap iaTi Btj^iotlkov. ov yap 
 ToaovTOV, (o dv8pe^ '\d7jvaL01, irevre raXdvTcov vfiiv, 
 
 wv ovroL TOT elacTTpa^av, TedevTwv ux^eXrjaOe, oaov 
 ^e/SXacpde tolovtcov iddov el<; Trjv TroXiTeiai' elaayo- 
 
 163 /M€V(i)v. el yap edeXoiT ^ i^eTdcrai TLVO'i e'lveKa fj-dXXov 
 av Tt? eXotT ev hrjixoKpaTia ^rjv i) iv oXiyapx^a, 
 tout' dv €vpoLT€ 7rpo)(^eip6TaTov, OTC irdvTa TipaoTep' 
 iaTiv^ iv BrifioKpaTia. otl fxev toIvvv Trj<; oirov /3ov- 
 Xeade 6Xiyapx^a<i [ttoXXq)] daeXyearepa Kal heivoTepa 
 eiroiovv ovtoi, TrapaXeiyfrw dXXa Trap' tj/jllv ttotc 
 
 P TouTO Z cum 2. 1 (deXtr' Z Bekk. Bens. ^Aer' 2. d^XoiT Bl. 
 "■ iariv om. Z Bekk. cum ^. Jidem iv rj OTj/t. 
 
 § 162. Kal iroXXd twi> iifieri- without variation, and some 
 
 puv] Condensed in || Androt. interior MSS. here. Blass ac- 
 
 § 4'J, where the sentence runs cepts it; i'or parallel passages 
 
 oi' uv rjpyo\dpfi Kal woWa tCov are often wrongly altered into 
 
 vixfTipuv KiK\o<pt, Tovi ^vSeKa conformity. 
 
 ypa\f/as aKoXovOelv fitd fauroC' irivre TaXavruiv redivTuv] 
 
 tlr' ix'^" '''ovTovi ^c ^T'l TCLS II Androt. § 51 ToaovTwv xpVI^- 
 
 tCjv iroXtTuii' oULai. twv toutov rbv rpinrov ucirpax- 
 
 d.irobiKTa'i] 'receivers,' intro- 04vtwv, and i^-qfjiiwade for /Se- 
 duced by Cleisthenes in the §\a<pdi. In Androt. § 4-4 the 
 place of the ancient KuiXaKpirai arrears thus collected are put at 
 or KwXayplToi. Below § 197. seven talents. 
 Aeschin. Ctes. § 25. Diet. Antiq. § 163. el yap iBiXoir'] Both 
 B.v. 'Apo<lectae. ' here and in || Androt. 2 reads 
 
 Kal av, w Tin6KpaT(s...$iKa ov- diXtr' i^erdcai. Dindorf in his 
 
 twv] Substituted for a passage last edition reverts to the coni- 
 
 in il Androt. § 50, Kal rdv fxh mon reading in botli passages. 
 EvKTrinova...Ota, TTjv v/x(Tipav. TroXXifj d(TiXy^(rT€pa ... ovTOt^ 
 
 iyopdJd] K€X€6(i II Androt. Adajjted to fit both men from
 
 224 KATA TIMOKPATOT2. [§§ 163-168. 
 
 TTCoTTOTe SeivoTUT iv TT) TToXei yiyovev ; €v oZS' on 
 
 164 eVi Twv rpLa.KovB' a7ravTe<i av eliroiTe. t6t€ tolvvv, 
 ft)? ecrrtv aKovetv, ov8el^ eariv ocrTt? dTrearepelTO rou 
 aoydrjvai, harfi kavrov oXkoi Kpv^eiev, oOOC avTo 
 rovTO Karrjyopovcri tmv rpictKovTa, ore rovi €k t^9 
 ayopd'i ahLK(ti<; aTrrjyov. ovroi tolvvv rocravrrjv virep- 
 ^oXrjv eTTOtrjcravTO eKeivoiv rrj'i avToSv 7rovr]pLa<;, wctt' 
 iv 8r)/jL0Kparia TroXcTevo/Jievoo rrjv ISlav olKcav eKaarco 
 8e(j/j,u>TT]piov Kadlaracrav, rov<i evheic dyovTe<i eirl Td<i 
 
 165 0LKLa<;. KUiTOL, CO dvhpe<; 'AOrjvaloi^, ri olecrde, oiror 
 dvOpwiro'^ irevrj^, rj Koi TrXovaio'i, TToWd S' dvrjXco- 
 KCi}<; KUi TLv Icrwi rpoTTov etKorco'i ovk eviropoii' dpyv- 
 piov, /zr/ fiovov et? rrjv dyopdv (f>o^otT e/x^aXeiv, 
 dXXd fJirjS' ocKOi fieveiv da(f)aX€<; 'i)yolro, 6 he rovTwv 
 aLrco<i ^AvSpoTLCJv eirj, ov ovS" virep avTov Scktjv id 
 \a/3elv rd TreTrpay/jieva koi /3e/3t,(OfMeva, fxr] tl y virep 
 
 166 T?}? 7roA,eft)9 l^ecaTrpaTTetv elacfjopd^Y ; kultol et Tt<i 
 epoLT avTov r) ae (6 TtfxoKpare'i tov iTraiverrjv rov- 752 
 rwv KoX (Tvvepyov, ra<i el<T(f)opd^ irorepov rd KTTjfxaT 
 
 T] ra acofxar o^etXet, ra KT7)fj,ara (^rjaaiT dv, etirep 
 
 ' SLKaaral Z Bekk. Illucl SAfikr et || Androt. 
 ' 07ft. II Androt. Uncis incluserunt Bl. Weil, post lier\Yer:ienum. 
 
 ovros a.<T€\-/^crT£pos yeyove \\ A.n- g 165. /xr) fiovof ... dffcpaXks 
 
 drot. where see note on dcreX- iiyoXro] \\ Androt. § 53 more at 
 
 717s. length: ij reyos il)s tous yeirovas 
 
 fS old' OTi] om. II Androt. Bl. inrep^aivoi, 77 inrodvoid' vv6 kXivtjv 
 
 TpMKOvd' awavres] TpiaKOvra, vit^p rod nr] rb crQiix' akovs els rb 
 
 Traz/res from li Androt. is less well deaixuTripLov 'iXKeadai., t/ aW d- 
 
 supported, but sounds better, at crxT/MO""''?. 0. bouXwv, ovk iXevdi- 
 
 least to my ear. pwv iariv ^pya, Kal ravd' uwb ttjs 
 
 § 164. dXX' avrb tovto kctt]- yvvaiKbs opi^ro ttoiu'v, rju Jjs iXev- 
 
 yopovcri] \\ Androt. § 52 dXXd titpos riyyvyjaaTO Kal ttjs 7r6Xews 
 
 TOVTO KaT-qyopovfiev. TroXtr-jjs. 
 
 ovToi...iiroLTi<TavTo'\ \\ Androt. § 166. rj (fk H Ti/j.6KpaT€S... 
 
 in the singular oi'Tos...€7rof>jcraTo awepybv} Omitted in Androt. 
 
 and so ttjs avrov ^deXvplas for § 54. 
 
 TTJs avTuiv Troi'ripias...iroXiT€v6/x€- (py]aai.T av ...^ovXoKyde] \\ An- 
 
 vos...KadicrT7}...TOv% 'ivbcK' ayuv. drot. <p-q<TH€v a.v...^ovXoiTo.
 
 p. 752.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 225 
 
 aXrjOri Xiyeiv /SovXotade' diro yap tovtcov €la<pepo- 
 fiev. Tti/09 ovv e'lveK , co KciKiaToc Trdvrcov avOpooircov, 
 d(^evTe<i TO rd '^copia Br)p,€vetv kol Td<; oiKiwi, koI 
 ravr uTroypdcpeiv, iSelre kol vjBpi^eTe irdkira^ dv- 
 6p(07rov<;^' Kal Tov<i Ta\aL7ru>pov<i fieroLKov^;, olf v/3pi- 
 (TTiKccrepov vfieU rj rots' OLKeTaif rot? vfxerepoi^i av- 
 
 167 Tcuv e')(^priade ; Kal firjv €1 ideXotre^ aKe-^aaOac irap 
 vpXv avTol<;, a> dvSpe^ hiKacnal, tI SovXov rj eXevdepov 
 elvai BiacbepeL, tovto fiiyicrTov dv evpocre, oti rotf 
 fiev 8ov\oi<; to awpua rwv dSiKtjfMdTcov diravTcov 
 VTrevdvvov cctti, toI^ S' i\ev6epoL<i vaTarov tovto 
 7rpoa7]Kei KoXd^eiv. 01 Be TovvavTiov et? Ta acofMaO, 
 
 168 ooayrep dvBpairoBoi'i, iiroLrjaavTO xa? Ti/iw/3i'a9. ovto) 
 8' dvi,(T(o<; Kal irXeoveKTiKW'i e(7')(e 7rpo<i v/j,d<i 'AvBpo- 
 TLWv (tXTTe Tov fikv avTov iraTepa m€to Belv, Brjfxocria. 
 BedevTa eirl ■)^p7]fxaatv ev xw BeafKOTrjpio), firjT arro- 
 BovTa TavTa fir]Te KptOevT diroBpdvat, twv B dXXcov 
 ttoXltwv tov firj Bvvdp,evov Ta eavTov OelvaL oiKodev 
 
 169 619 TO Be(Tp,(OTrjpiov d-^devd' v(f) eavTov BeBeadai. Kai 
 
 * v^pl'^iT^ dvdfiUTTOvs TToXiras Bl. 
 " 'd^\€T€ Z I3ekk. Bens. ^Aere libri praeter v. deXoire Bl. 
 
 ibitre Kal v^pi^ere] Again the 
 plural in order to include Timo- 
 crates. i| Androt. (om Kai ij^pi- 
 f«j : and ho oh v^piaTiKihTepov rj 
 
 TOIS oiK^rait TOIS cavTou Kixpi)'"'-!-- 
 
 § l(i7. d idi\oiT(] So Din- 
 dorf here and in || Androt. § 5.5 
 for di\ir(, in this inwtance 
 against tlie weight of evidence. 
 Cf. § UVA. 
 
 Trap' vixiv ...biKaaTai] Omitted 
 in II Androt. 
 
 Cararov tovto TrpocrrjKd Ko\d- 
 fctc] II Androt. Kdf rd txi-yiaT 
 dTxixCidi, to0t6 y' (uiori aCoaac 
 (Is xP^M'i'rtt y^p '''W oLktjv wipl 
 tQjv irXelaTuv irapi, tovtuv irpoa- 
 
 ■f}Kfi XaixjidvfLv. Cobet acutely 
 remarks that the orator felt he 
 had gone too far, since capital 
 punishment of free citizens was 
 common enough ; and accord- 
 ingly, in repeating himself, puts 
 in vcTTaTov as a saving clause 
 (Misc. Crit. p. 5a'2). 
 
 oi 0^ ... tiroiTja'ai'To] In || of 
 Androtion only, 6 5L..iiroifiTo. 
 
 § 108. dulciot] alaxpi^^ 11 An- 
 drot. § 50. 'XvbpoTLwv omitted 
 as there unnecessary. 
 
 dxUivTa v(p' (avToO deS^ffOai] 
 II Androt. iXKfaOai. Here for 
 the present the repetition comes 
 to an end. 
 
 W. D.
 
 226 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [% 169-171. 
 
 TcfjbOKpdrTj'i Twv ^\v TToWaiv rjfMcov Tore, ore rrjv 
 hiifkaalav elaerrparTev, ouS' av irap' €vo<; Xa^elv 
 r]de\.r](Tev iyyvi]rd^, nrj /Me-)(^pc T^9 ivdTT]<i irpVTavela'i, 
 (iXX ov8e yLtta?^ rj/iiepa^, dW' rj BtTrXd rd ■^^prjfxaT eSec 
 Kara^dWeiv rj Trapwy^pij/jua SeSeadai. irapeSiSov o' 
 ovTO<i Tot9 evSeKa top ovk oxfiXrjKor iv tw oiKaarr)- 
 plo). vvv 8' OTTO)'; wv av vfi€L<; KarayvooT dheroi ire- 753 
 pLiaaiv, VTrevOvvov avrov TTOLijaa^ vofiov ecaeveyKelv 
 iroX/Jirjaev. 
 170 'AA.X' o/iw? KUKelva Kol rdSe (f)7Jaovcni' vnep 
 vficbv Trpdrreiv. elra ravO' vfj,€i<i dvaSe^eaOe^ [vTrep 
 vfidov ire'7rpd-)(6aiY, koX rd T7]<; tovtcov 6pacrvTrjT0<i Kai 
 
 y aXKa yutas Z Bens. dW ovSeixiai Dind. 
 '^ avi^eade Tflkrs quod placet. * Uncis incl. Bl. 
 
 § 169. tQ>v fjL^v iroWQv rifiuv 
 ...Trap' evos] 'from one of us 
 common folk.' Invidiously con- 
 trasted with the professional 
 politicians {prjTopes), who would 
 stand by one another. 
 
 ore rrjv BtTrXaalav ddirparTev^ 
 ' in the cases when he levied the 
 double amount :' the imperf. 
 marks a repeated action. 5t- 
 irXaaiav, § 111 n. 
 
 Schaefer observes, would be 
 more usual, but the meaning is 
 the same: 'ne forte putes.' 
 
 dXX' ovBe fuas] To omit ov5k, 
 with S, Benseler and Z, sounds 
 very poor, dedecrdai, § 60 n. 
 
 TOV OVK dlCpXriKOTo] Opp. tO WV 
 
 Ac v/jieis Karayviore. 
 
 oTTws Trepuaacv'] Several 
 
 MSS., though not the best, read 
 ■irepdfjia Lv . As Cobet notes, Nov. 
 Led. p. 515, the copyists were 
 prone to alter the future after 
 oTTOJs into the subjunctive : or 
 they may not have known that 
 wepdaaLv is future. 
 
 VTrevOvvov avrbv TrotTjcras] ' he 
 has dared to introduce a law 
 and to make himself respon- 
 sible for it.' 
 
 §§ 170, 171. Tiniocrates, and 
 those lohose cause he has taken 
 up, will say that they are acting 
 for your good. But such a plea, 
 and the appeal for mercy ground- 
 ed upon it, ought only to be lis- 
 tened to in the case of men ivho 
 shoiu that they have in them the 
 sjiirit of the Athenian cotvititu- 
 tion. That spirit is to pity the 
 iveak, to repress the strong and 
 powerful : the exact opposite of 
 theirs. 
 
 § 170. KCLKeiva Kai rdde] ' both 
 on this and the former occa- 
 sion;' irpaTTfiv imperf. infin. 
 (Weil). 
 
 dva84^e<r0e...'jreTrpaxOO'i.] 'will 
 you then admit that such things 
 have been done?' K. dXXd 
 ' nay on the contrary.' But the 
 words vTT^p vfxQv TreTTpdxdoLL are 
 much better away ; and the 
 easier reading dvi^ecrOe has good
 
 p. 753.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 227 
 
 7rovr)pia<; epya 7rpd(o<; otcrere ; aWa fiicretv ScfyelXere 
 TOv<; TOiovTOv;, w avSp€<; W.dr]valoi, fxaXXov rj aco^eiv. 
 Tov yap virep rfj'i iroXeco^ irpdrrovrci ri koI irpnwv 
 v/jlSv rev^o/jLevov to tt)^ iroXewi ^do<i e')(ovra hel 
 171 (paLveadai. tovto 8' earl tI; tov<; dcrdevel^ iXeelv, 
 TOi? la^vpol<i Koi Suva/xevoL'i fJ-r] einrpe'ireLv v^pl^etv, 
 ov Tov<; /jL€v 7roWov<; cofib)<; fiera-^eLpl^ea-dac, KoXa- 
 Kevetv 8e tov del n hvvaaOai SoKovvra. av 7roLel<i, 
 ft) Tt/jLOKpar€<;- Si' d ttoXXco /idWov dv elKorox; /jLt) 
 6e\.r]cravTe<i^ nKovaai crov ddvarov Kara'^rji^iaaLvd' 
 ovTOi rj 81 WvhpoTLoyv dcfyeirjaav^. 
 
 b ' 
 
 deXi^aavTts Z Bens. 
 
 d<pie(rav Z Bekk. Bens. v. not. 
 
 MS. support. On acli^iLv opp. 
 to /jiiaeiv, Androt. § 64 n. 
 
 irpduv vfjiwv T€v^6fj.€vov] 'who 
 would experience vour clemen- 
 cy.' K. 
 
 § 171. rdv aei tl Svvaadai 
 doKovvTo] ' those who appear 
 from time to time to possess 
 influence.' K. 
 
 divarov Kara\j/T](pi(jaivd''\ Cf. 
 § 9.5 extr. otiovvSlv wddoii; % 119 
 extr. TTJs (ffxdrrji Ti/Muplas tv- 
 
 Xi'iV. 
 
 dipu-qaav] There is no tho- 
 roughly satisfactory reading 
 here. Good Attic requires the 
 optative, and &<f>titv as the form 
 of it: Dindorf follows one MS. 
 ' correctus v.,' all other MSS. 
 and cdd. agreein;^' in dcpUaav; 
 and Shillcto approves (on F. L. 
 p. am § 71 = 80). I do not see 
 how the imperfect is to be justi- 
 fied here, even if we were to 
 omit did and translate 'acquit- 
 ted Androtion' on the former 
 trial. Cf. § 8 n. It is worth 
 noting that according to the 
 late (and modern) Greek pro- 
 nunciation, d<t>Uaav and dipdrj- 
 
 aav are undistinguishable, hav- 
 ing the same accent. 
 
 §§ 172 — 175. Their pretence 
 of public spirit is easily exposed; 
 jorichile levyiufi arrears of taxes 
 on men for whose shortcomings 
 there %oas often the excuse of in- 
 ability, they have done nothing 
 in their j)olitical careers for the 
 repression of much more serious 
 offences. The public treasury 
 has been robbed of much hiryer 
 sums, the contributions of our 
 allies and of those who pay tlicir 
 taxes readily. Many generals 
 and orators have been brought to 
 justice for these peculations : 
 neither of you two has ever ap- 
 peared as the accuser of any of 
 these, never expressed indigna- 
 tion at the way the state was 
 being fleeced (lin). The fact is 
 (turning to the jury) that An- 
 drotion and men like him arc 
 accomplices with such offenders 
 and share largely in their illicit 
 gains (171). You ought to pun- 
 ish surh men when you catch 
 them, whether the time that has 
 since elapsed be long or short. 
 
 15—2
 
 228 KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. [§§172-175. 
 
 173 "On Toivvv ovhe rrjv elairpa^iv avrrjv virep vfjicov 
 TreTTOiTjvTai, Koi tovt avrcKa 8t] fjuafC v/jlIv SrjXov 
 TToiTjaco. el ynp Tt? epoLT avTOV^; Trorep avroi'; 
 SoKovcriv ahiKeiv fidWov rtjv TroXtv, ol yecopyovvTe'i 
 KUL (f)€tS6/ji€voi, Bia 7raLBoTpo(j)la<; 8e Kol oiKeta ava- 
 Xco/jLara kol Xecrovpyia^i €Tepa<; eWeXoiTrore? el(T<^o- 
 pav^, rj ol rd rdov eO&KrjadvTwv elaeveyKelv '^^^prjixara 
 Kol rd irapd rwv av/Mfxa-^cov KXeTTTOvre^ koX uttoX- 
 XvvTe<;, ovK dv el<; rouro SrJTrov T6Xfi7}<;, Kalirep 6vr6<i 
 dvatSelfi, eXdoiev axTre (f^rjaac toi)? ra eavroov fii) ela- 
 (})€povTa<; fidXXov [dScKelv] rj toi)? rd Koiva v(f)aipov- 
 
 173 fj,evov<;. Tti/o? ovv eiveK , (6 TifioKparef; koL AvSpo- 
 
 Tiwv, irdov ovTcov TrXetovoiv 17 rptaKovr a<f) ov b y 754 
 
 €T€po^ vfxcou TToXiTeverai, Kal iv rovrw rw 'X^povo) 
 
 ttoXXmv fiev aTpaT7]y(ov i^Slktjkotcov ttjv ttoXlv, ttoX- 
 
 Xwv Se pi]T6po)v, oc irapd rovToicrl KeKpivrai, cop 01 
 
 fiev redvdaiv i(f) oh r^hlKOVv, ol 8' viro'^^cop^aavTe^ 
 
 w')(0VT0 Karayvovre^ avrwv, ovSevo<; irwiroTe tovtcov 
 
 i^rjrdcrdr] Karriyopa v/xcov ovSeTepa, ovS" dyavaicrcov 
 
 '' elffcpopai Z Bekk. Bens. C2im S. 
 
 If you shoio leniency notv, you || Androt. <ri> woXiTeiei. Hence 
 
 ivill be tliought to have acted it may be inferred that Timo- 
 
 from passion and not from jus- crates was much younger than 
 
 tice, lulien you compelled them Androtion ; or, if the passage be 
 
 to disgorge the money (175). not genuine, the writer wished 
 
 § 172. This section follows to avoid committing himself to 
 
 Androt. § 65 •yer^atfm with only any statement about T.'s age 
 
 the necessary changes from the at this time, of which he knew 
 
 singular to the plural : ireiroi-qv- nothing. For iiTroxw/jT^cravres 
 
 Tat for imroLTjTai, avTovs Trorepov yxoi'TO Karayvdvres avruiv || An- 
 
 avToh for avrov vbrepov avTLp, drot. has aTrox<^pri<^o.vT€S (ptv- 
 
 ovres dyaidfis ^Xdoiev iov uv aval- yovcn : then i^riTd(T0T]s c30- 
 
 8r]S ^XdoL. 6r]i... 
 
 §173. The invective of An- ouS' dyavaKT^v Trdcrxet] 
 
 drot. § 66 is ingeniously made There seems no reason why 
 
 to fit two persons. these words should be bracketed 
 
 (i 'TifioKpares Kal 'AvdpoTLuiu] (as by Blass) here any more 
 
 II Androt. cj (ideXvpL than in || Androt. 
 
 6 ye 'irepoi vfxQiv TToXtreyeTOt]
 
 p. 754.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 229 
 
 focpdr] virep (ov rj TroXt? 7rda')(^ec^, aX\' evravd^ i(f)dvrjO 
 
 174 i)^iwv Krjhofievoi, ov 7roWov<i eSei KaKw<; TroLrjaai; /Sou- 
 \ead\ w dv8p€<; ' AOrjvaloi, to tovtcov alriov iyo) vfxiv 
 elnray ; on tovtcov fiev fi€T€Xov(TLv cov aBiKovaiv vfid^ 
 Ttve<;, diro hk twv elcnrpaTTOfievcov v(pat,povvTar ol 
 dirXrjaTLav 8e Tpoiroiv hi-)(^o6ev KaprrrovvTai Trjv ttoXiv. 
 ovTe yap pdov 7roWot<; KaV fxiKp dZtKovaLv aire- 
 yOdveaOat rj 6\LyoL<; Kal /leydXa, ovTe Srj/iOTiKooTepov 
 SrjTTOv Ta Tci)v TToWcov dSiK7]pad' opdv rj tu t(ov 
 
 175 oKiyoiv. dXkd tovt aiTtov ovyco Xeyci). Set tolvvv 
 v/jid<; TavTa Xoyi^op.evov^^, koI /u,€fivr]fi6vov<i wv av 
 €KacrTO<; dfxdpTrj, KoXd^eiv, OTav \d^7]T6 TLva, Kat /jltj 
 TOP ypovov el 7ro\v<; eaT air eKeivov aKOTreiv, aXK 
 el TavT eTTOLOvv. o)? el vvv Trpaco? otaeT e(j> oi<i tot 
 
 • irdffxfi Z Bens, cum SFuB. Trdcrxoi Bekk. Dind. ' add. Kara 
 Z Bekk. Bens. « \oyi(rofi4vovs Z Bekk. Bens, cum 2 quod mirerin. 
 
 aXX' ivraOd' i<pdi>ri9'] || An- 
 drot. oOtwj wu dpacri/i Kal \iyeiv 
 Savbi, dW fvTavd' i(p6.vTj^ KrjSe- 
 /xuiv i2v ov <Tf TToWovi ISfl KaKWS 
 
 iroirjaai. 
 
 § 174. Verljatim from Androt. 
 § 67 with the usual changes : fieri- 
 ^^oufftf ... iKpaipovvTai ... Kapwovv- 
 rat for fj-erixf- ■ ■ ■ vcpaipe^rai . . . nap- 
 TToCrai.. According to Benseler, 
 however, the text of H Androt. 
 has been altered into greater 
 conformity witli the present 
 passage than it originally ex- 
 hibited: see the note there. 
 
 § 175. A weaker substitution 
 for § 08 of the Androtion, with 
 its touches of vigorous humour. 
 The platitudes of this section, 
 and the obscurity of its allu- 
 sions — for the difliculty of deci- 
 ding what transaction is alluded 
 to in KariyvwKivai. rh. x/'W^'''" 
 TovTuv is in strong contrast with 
 the generally clear presentment 
 of facts in both speeches — un- 
 
 questionably seem to point to 
 Benseler's conclusion that this 
 part of the speech has been in- 
 terpolated. 
 
 (l Tavr' inoiovv] ' whether 
 they were guilty of these things, ' 
 iwolovu is used, not eiroirja-av, as 
 a series of acts is intended. 
 
 0)5 el vvv...i(l) oh T6r'] To 
 what does rbre refer? lieiske 
 thought, to the former action 
 of P^uctemon (and Diodorus) 
 against Androtion. But there 
 is reason to think he was ac- 
 quitted on that trial (above § 8) : 
 and even if it were not so, I 
 fully agree with Mr Whiston 
 that the argument is not logical 
 or relevant : that Timocrates' 
 offence in proposing the law is 
 ' not the same as, nor even in 
 pari materia with, the acts 
 which had previously caused 
 the indignation in (piestion.' 
 See the next note.
 
 230 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§ 175-179. 
 
 7]'yavaKT6tTe, Bo^er opyi^ofA^evoi KareyvoiKevat rd XPV~ 
 fiara tovtcov, ovk ahtKovfxevoi. tcov fiev yap opyi^o- 
 fievcov iarlv o^eco^ tl kukov rov XeXvTrrjKor ipyd- 
 craauaL \ rwv S" dBiKov/xevcov, orav irod^ vcf)' avTol<i^ 
 Xd/BcoaL Tov rjhiKT^KOTa, Tore nfjuooprjcracrdat. ovkovv 
 Set 8oKeiv, vvv fiaXaKicrOevTa'^, rore tmv 6/j,co/j,oafMivo)v 
 opKo)v afiekrjaavra^ v/jlIv avTol^i '^apicaaOat irapd to 
 otKatov, aWa /jLoaelv Kal firjS" dve'^eadat c^wvrjv fMrjTe ycc 
 Tovrov fjur^r eKeivov, roiavra TreiroXirev^evoov. 
 176 AWa VT) Ala Tavra fi6i>ov tolovtol yeyovaaiv iv 
 
 ^ dpyaadai Bl. ' inr' avToh Z Bekk. Bens. 
 
 do^er' 6pyi^6fxevoi....ovK ciSiKoi/- 
 fj.f.voi] ' it will be thought that you 
 condemned these men in those 
 sums of money because you were 
 angry, not because you were in- 
 jured. ' KareyvuKevai ra xpv/J-O-Ta 
 TO'iiTwv clearly refers to the same 
 event as TOTe : and this is, I 
 think, the decree of Euctemon 
 mentioned in § 13, the effect of 
 which had been that Androtion, 
 Melampus and Glauketes, after 
 having exhausted every subter- 
 fuge, were ultimately compelled 
 to refund the prize-money taken 
 on board the trireme {xpv/J-aTa. 
 NavKpariTLKa, § 11). Even so, 
 the argument does not seem 
 worthy of Demosthenes: but, on 
 the other hand, we have seen 
 abundant proofs that he was 
 not particular as to the logical 
 exactness of any argument which 
 was likely to weigh with a jury 
 who heard it only once : and he 
 may have used it. 
 
 vvv fj-aXaKicrdevTas] ' by your 
 present leniency.' — dpLui/jLocTfii- 
 vuv, Androt. § 4 n. 
 
 I'fxiv avTois xap/craa^at] Not 
 as K. ' gave way to your feel- 
 ings,' implying pity : but as 
 E. VV. 'gratified your passions,' 
 
 i.e. your avarice. The tempta- 
 tion to which they would be 
 thought to have yielded was 
 that of voting invariably in 
 favour of treasury claims, right 
 or wrong (Androt. § 48 n.). 
 Hyperides pays an adroit, but 
 I fear undeserved compliment 
 to an Athenian jury, when he 
 pronounces it impossible that 
 they should entertain any other 
 thought than that of the guilt 
 or innocence of the accused. 
 Polyeuctus, the prosecutor of 
 Euxenippus, had repeatedly 
 made invidious allusions to the 
 wealth of the defendant, with 
 insinuations that it was ill- 
 gotten : in ignorance, observes 
 the counsel for the defence, of 
 the fact that oiire dTJpLos icrriv 
 ov5k els iv rfj olKov/j.evri ovre 
 jxovapxos odre Wvos fxeyaXo- 
 \pvxoTe pov Tou Btj/jlov tov 'Adrj- 
 valuv, Toiis d^ avKO<pavTovfji,ivovs 
 Tuiv TToXiTuiv rj Ka6' iva fj ddpdo^ 
 ov -rrpoterai. aXXa ^orjdei (pro 
 Eux. col. 42, 43). 
 
 §§ J 76— 18(j. In these sec- 
 tions the verbal corresjjondence 
 is almost exact: the few altera- 
 tions are noted. 
 
 § 176. II Androt. § 69 raOra
 
 pp. 755, 756.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 231 
 
 049 ireirokLTevvrai,, aSXa 8' ead' a KaXat^ 8i(pK7']Kaaiv' 
 dWd KoX ToXX ovrw irpoaekTfKvOaai TTpo<i v/xd<; 
 axrO^ r]Ki(TT ev ol<i nKrjKoaT a^iov iarL fiLcrelv av- 
 T0U9. Tt yap j3ov\ea6e eiTTO) ; rd Tro/jLirela &)? eVe- 
 (TKevaKacn,, koX tI)v rwv are(f)dva)v KaOaipeaiu, ?) n^u 
 
 177 Twv <l)ia\cov iroiriaiv ttjv koXtjv ; dW enrl rovTOtf; 7, 
 €i ix-qZev dXko rjhiKovv rrjv ttoXu', Tpi<;, ovx dira^ 
 Tedvdvat SiKaLco^ dv fiot hoKovaf Kol yap lepoavXia 
 Kol dae^eia kuI /cXott/} Kai irdai rol'i SetvoTaroi^ elalv 
 epoxoi- rd fiev ovv ttoW' wv Xiycov vfjid<i icpevaKi^ev 
 ^AvBpoTioiv irapaXei'^ui' (^riaws S arroppeiv ra (j)vWa 
 T(t)v aTe(f)dvcov koX aa7rpov<; elvai Std rov ^povov, 
 oicnrep Xwv rj pohoiv 6vTa<i, dX)C ov '^pvaLOV, o-vy^w- 
 veveiv eireiaev. aipedeU 8' eVt ravra irpoaelXero 
 
 178 rovTOv rov iravroyv t£v KaKcov kolvwvov. kcit eiri 
 fiev Tai<; etVc^opat? top hrj^oaiov Trapelvai irpocreypa- 
 yfrev co? 81) BUaiO'^ dou^, wv eKaaro'i dvTtypa(f)ev<; 
 efieXXev ecrecrBai toov elcreveyKovTcov' iirl Tol'i are- 
 (pduoL<i h\ ov<; KareKOTTTev, ou%t irpoa/jyaye ravro 
 hUaLov TovTO, dxX avTO^ p^lTf^p, XP^^^o^oo?, rafxia^:, 
 
 179 durtypa(f)ev<; yiyovev. koI fjLrjv el [lev diravT rj^tov<i, 
 oaa 7rpaTTei<i ri) iroXei, aavrtp nriaTeveiv, ovk av 
 6fjLoio3<i /cXeTTTT/? oiv icpcopoj' vvv S" iirl Tal<i €ca<j)opai<i 
 Slkuiov ia-6^ opLcrafi, fxr] aol TriaTCveiv, aXXa rolf 
 avrri<i hovXoa tijv ttoXiv, oiror dkXo n TrpaTToov kul 
 •X^pyjfxara KLvoiv lepd, cov evC ovS" iirl tt}? 7;/ieTepa<? 756 
 
 '' SlKaiov ov 131. 
 
 /x^i/ TOtoDroj taTif, iv oh ireiro- rluv. 
 
 \lT<vTai ... Oii^Kr]Kfv...irpo(T{\r]\v- aiptOih 5' inl TaiTO— /coivtoi/if] 
 
 0e...{irt<TKiuaa(. Omitted in || Androt., but nouded 
 
 §g 177, 178. II Androt. §§ 69, here to connect T. witli A.'h 
 
 70 el Kal fi-qoiv 6.\\o aStKuiv misdeeds. 
 
 lTvxf...olKaiosiI)i' (pai>dTai...i<TTli' § 17'J. II Androt. § 71 roh 
 
 (i/oxoi..J<pevaKil^€v v/mL^ ' Avipo- iavrrji Sov\oti...ovK fi}Sr)\oi' di' a.
 
 232 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§ 179-184. 
 
 76i;ea9 averedr], firj irpoaypayjrd/nevoi; rrjv avrt/v (f)V- 
 XaKrjv 7]v7rep eirl tcov elacfyopwv ^alvei, ovk rj8r] SrjXov 
 
 i8o Oi o TOVT eTTolrjcra'i ; iyw jxev ol/u,at. Kal firjv, w 
 avBpe's Wdrjvaioi, Kal Kara 'iravTo<i^ tov 'x^povov crKe- 
 ■yfraaOe ftj? KaXa Kal ^rfKoiT eTTiypd/jifxaTa t?}? TroXeo)? 
 ave\(ov co<; aae^rj Kal heiva avTeireypay^ev. olp^at 
 yap vfid'i a7ravTa<i opdv vtto tcjv arecfjavcov ral^ 
 ')(OiVLKi(Tiv KdrwOev yeypafxpieva " ol crvp.}xa"xoi tov 
 " hrjfjbov^^ dvhpayaOia'i eivetc eare^dvwaav^ Kal 8t- 
 " Kaio(Tvvr]<i" 7] " oi avixixa)(ot, dptcrrelov rf/ ^AOrjvaia 
 " avedeaav" i) Kard ttoXsl'? " ol 8elve<i° tov hrjfjLov 
 €aTe(f)dvQ)aav " crw^ei/re? vtto tov BrjfMov," otov " Ev- 
 " Joel's ekevdepcodevTe^; iaTe(f)dvcocrav tov Srjfjuov" eVe- 
 yeypaiTTO ttov, irdXtv " K.6vq)v diro t^? vavfxa')(^ia<i 
 " T^9 7r/0O9 AaKeSaifu.oviov<;," " X.a^pia'i diro r^? iv 
 
 i8i " Nafft) vavfj,a')(^ia<;." TOiavTa ydp rjv Ta tqjv crTe(f)d- 
 vcov eTTLypdjifxaTa. TavTa fxev tolvvv, a irpoTepov 
 ^rjXov TToXvv et^e Kal (f)i\oTLfi[av vfilv, 7](f)dvtaTai, 
 KadatpedevTwv tu>v crTe(f)dvQ)v' eirl he Tal<i cfjidXai'?, 
 df dvT eKeivoiv eTroi-qaad vfilv 6 7r6pvo<; ovTo<f, 
 "^AvBpoTC(ovo<i iTTt-fieXovfievov^^" eTrtyeypaTTTai, Kal 
 ov TO (T(i}/j,a TjTaiprjKOTO'i OVK iooaiv oi vojiol [et? 
 Ta lepd elaievat], tovtov Tovvo/xa iv toI<; iepoi<; iirl 
 Toov (piaXcov yey pafifji^ivov icTTiv. ofioiov y, ov ydp ; 
 TOVTO Tolf TTpoTepoa i7rLypajjL/jLa(riv, rj (fjiXoTi/xlav 
 
 ' Kad' airavms Z Bekk. Bens, cum 2. 
 ™ add. TOV 'AdrjvaLwv Z Bekk. lUud 2. " [eo-re^d^wirov] Bekk. 
 " Ol' Til's s Z Bens. Bekk. cum 2T0r. 
 P add. iwoL-qdtiaav vulgo et Dind. cu7n libri.'i praeter S. 
 
 § 180. I Audrot. § 72 dir- /xaxi'as. Bl. omits both eare- 
 
 tWLyiypacjiev ...avSpayatilas 'iv€Ka (fiavwaau (twice) dv^dea-au and 
 
 Kal 5iKaiocrvvT]s...Tfj'A0rivaiq.om. iireyiypawTb wov as not in || An- 
 
 dvidecrav ...rbv dij/xov om. €<TT€(pd- drot. 
 
 vuaav . . .[firey^ypaTTTd 7roii]...om. § 181. || Androt. § 73 cm. 
 
 Xa^pias diro rrjs ev Xd^y vav- '"'pbrepov ...iirl tols (fnd\ai.i 5\..
 
 p. 757.] RATA TIMOKPATOTS. 233 
 
 182 la-Tjv e-x^ov v/xiv. rpia roivvv eV tovtou'^ to, Seivorar 
 dv TL<i thoL TreTrpajfiev avToi<i. ttjv fiev yap Oeov 
 rov^ aT€(f)dvov<; aecrvKrjKacn' tt]<; TroXeo)? 8e^ top 757 
 ^rjXov T](f>avLKaat top e« rciov epycov, dv virofivTjfMa 
 rjaav oi/re^ ol aTe(^avoi/ Toi)<f 8' dva6evTa<; Bo^av ov 
 fiiKpdv a(f)^p7)VTai, to SoKelv (ov dv ev iraOwaiv ede- 
 \eiv p,ep.vrjcr6ai. /cal roiavra Kal roaavra rb TrXrj- 
 6o<; kAk elpyaafievoc eh tovt dvaLcrdrja La<; Kai 
 ToXfMTj'i 7rpoe\r]\v6acnv, axrd' 6 [xev oUrai hC eKelvov 
 v(f)' vfjLwv (TcoOijaea-Oai, 6 Be TrapaKadrjTaL Kat ov 
 
 183 KaraBveraL Tol<i 7re7rpayfxevot<i. ovtco S' ov fiovov eh 
 '^^pTJfiar dvaiBrj<i, aWd Kal (TKaio'i eanv, war ovK 
 olBev eKeli'o, ore aTe(f)avoi fiev elaiv dperfj^ arjfieiov, 
 <f)cdXaL Be Kal rd roiavra irXovrov, Kat (rre(f>avo<; 
 fjL€V avra?, k&v fiLKpb^ fj, rrjv I'arjv (fnXortfiLav e')(et 
 Tc3 p.eyd\(p, eKTTWfjLara 3' rj dvfMiary'jpta [7; ra roiavra 
 Krijfiara], idv fiev virep/SdWrj rw 7rXrj6ei, irXovrov 
 Tivd Bo^av Trpocrerpi'^aro roh KeKrrjfievot^;, idv B eVt 
 fjLCKpoU aefJ-vvvTjrai rt'i, rocrovr direx^i^ "tov rifirj<i 
 rcvos Bid ravra rv^etv war a7reLpoKaXo<; Trpo? 
 eBo^ev^ elvac. ovro's roivvv dveXojv rd t^? B6^7]<i, 
 Krrjfiara rd rov rrXovrov ireiroirirai fiiKpa Kai ava^i 
 
 184 vfxwv. Kal ovB^ eKelv elBev, on irpo^i p-ev ^pT^/xar&jy 
 Krfjaiv ovBeiTwiToB' 6 Brip.o<i eairovBaae, 7rpb<; Be Bo^tj^ 
 (o<i ovBe TT/Joi? ev roov dXXo)v. reKpi]piov Be' XP^l' 
 fiara p.ev ydp rrXelara rwv '^XXi-jViov irore crp^wi/ 
 
 'I TovT(i}v Bekk. 
 ' TTji ii w6\tu)i Z liekk. Bens, cum 2. 
 ' npoaiio^fv Z Bekk. Bens, cum lihris. 
 
 § 182. i: Androt. § 74 corre- drot. § 2 n. 
 spondH to a letter. § 184. II Androt. § 70 tl(T(p^- 
 
 § 183. '! Androt. § 75 reads p«i/ 3' iK tCjv ISIojv ovSiva irw- 
 
 ...av /i^f viripfHWri ... Kal oirx. irore kIvSwov virip 56^r]S i^ioryj 
 
 vfiCiv d^ia. — TO(7oCr' d7r^x*'> •^-Q- ...av irdXiv.
 
 234, KATA TIMOKPATOT2. [§§ 184-187. 
 
 airavd virep ({)i\oTifMLa<i avrjXooaev, VTrep he 86^r)<i 
 eca(l)epQ)v e'/c raiv ISloov ovZeva iroiTroTe klvSvvov e'fe- 
 (TTJ]. dcf)" wu Krrjfxar dOdvaT avrw TrepUa-Tc, rd p,ev 
 Twv epycov r/ /MvrjfjLi], rd Be rcop dvadr)fj,dT(ov rwv eV 
 e.KeivoL'i araOevruiv to KdX\o<i, TrpoirvXata rav6\ 0/58 
 irapdevoov, aroal, vewaocKoc, ovk d/x(fiopcaKoi Svo ovSe 
 'X^pu(7coe<i Terrape<i ^ Tpel<i, d'yovaa eKdcrrrj /xvdv, d<i, 
 
 185 orav (rot ooKfj, irdXiv 'ypdy^et's Kara'^wveveLv*'. ov 
 lyap eavTovi SeKarevovTa, ovS^ dv KarapdaaivO^ ol 
 i')(6poL TTOiovvTef, SiTrXa? irpdrrovTe'i Td<i €La(popd<;, 
 ravT avedeaav, oJS' oXoiairep^ av y^pwixevoi av/x^ov- 
 X,ot9 eTToXtrevovTO, aWd rov'i e')(j9pov<i KpaTovvT€<i, 
 Kat d 7rd<i Ti,<i dv ev (ppovwv ev^airo, rr/v iroXtv el<i 
 OfMovocav d<yovTe<i, dOdvarov K\eo<; avrwv XeXocTraai, 
 Tov^: €7nTr)8evovTa<i old aoi /Se/Stwrac r^? d<yopd<i 
 
 186 etpyovTe^. vp.el<i K ei<i toctovtov, m dvhpe<i 'Adij- 
 valoL, 7rpor]-^d'^ evr}deia<i koI pa9v/j,La^ ooctt ovSe 
 TotavT 6T^oz/T69 TTapaSeiyfiara ravra fic/jtelade, dXk" 
 ^AvBpoTLcov vfilv TTOfMireicau eTrcaKevacm]^, ^ Avhporiwv, 
 (h 717 Kai deoL Kol Tovr dae^rjfi eXarrov rLvo<i 
 riyelaOe; e<ya> fiev ydp rjyovfiai Selv top el<i iepd elcr- 
 lopra Koi ')(^epvL^oiv Kal Kavoov d-^ofjuevov, koX Tf]<i 
 7rp6<i Toi)<? 6eov^ i7ri/j,eXela<i irpocrrdrrjv iaofievov oy^t 
 TUfcrov r/fiepdJv dpidp^ov^ dyveveiv, dXXd top j3lov 
 
 ' as...KaTaxo3vevei.v om. Z Bekk. Bens, cum SkrsA' et pr. T. 
 
 Uncis inch Bl. '■' oloawep Z Bekk. Bl. "•■ -n-porixOvTe vulgo 
 
 et Dind. Illud Bens, cum S. y ■KpoeipTifj.ivwv r)fiepC)v 
 [apLdnovl Bl. 
 
 § 185. II Androt. § 77 01) 7dp (5 dVSpes ...roiaOra ^Xo»'''es...'n'po- 
 
 avToiii. €Lp7]fx4vov Tj/MepQu apidp-bv. It is 
 
 o'ioKTwep'] Here all MSS. pre- difficult not to agree with Weil 
 
 serve the true reading oioid- that the four §§ 183 — 186 { — 
 
 irep, wrongly altered from con- Androt. 75 — 78) are out of place 
 
 jecture. Androt. § 64 n. here, admirable as they are in 
 
 § 186. Androt. § 78 eis roCr' themselves.
 
 p. 758.] RATA TIMOKPATOT2. 235 
 
 rjyvevKevai toioutq)v iimrihev^draiv ola tovtw y8e- 
 
 187 Hal irepl f^eu tovtov^ Kara o")(o\i]v' a Se Ti/xo- 
 ' Toirwy Bekk. cum lihris praeter 2. 
 
 §§ 187—189. I might say 
 much more of Androtion and his 
 expected defence of Timocrates : 
 but I ivill nut pursue that subject. 
 To return to Timocrates : he 
 says, I am told, tliat the three 
 ambassadors have paid the mo- 
 ney, and as they have satisfied 
 the demands of justice, it would 
 be cruel to convict him. But it 
 is not open to him to aryue in 
 tliis way : it only lands him in 
 a dilemma. If he proposed his 
 law for the benefit of these men, 
 that is of itself illegal: the law 
 mwit be the same for all citizens. 
 If for the general good, the fact 
 that these men have paid is irre- 
 levant : it must be showti that 
 tiie law is expedient and right. 
 This is just the point titat the 
 prosecution deny, and which the 
 jury are now called to decide. 
 
 § 187. We have now reached 
 the last ol the critical points 
 discussed in the Introduction, 
 as to the series juncturaque of 
 this Speech. According to Ben- 
 seler, as has been seen, the 
 genuine speech is ix'sumed after 
 an extensive interpolation, be- 
 f^inning with § 110, including 
 the whole of the extracts from 
 the Androtion §§ 100 — 18(5, and 
 ending only with the first sen- 
 tence of this section, as irav- 
 (jofxai. According to Blass's 
 more conservative criticism, 
 agreeing, except in a few minor 
 pointu, with tiiat of A. Scbitufer, 
 the break here is merely that 
 between portions of the first and 
 of the second recension, eacli 
 proceeding from tlie hand of 
 
 Demosth. but wanting his final 
 touches. 
 
 Kai wepl jxkv tovtov Kara crxo- 
 \riv] TOVTOV referring to An- 
 drotion, the reading of S, is 
 less vague and unsatisfactory 
 than TovTOM': but at best the 
 passage is disjointed enough, 
 and the transition very ill- 
 managed. We have just heard 
 a long invective against Andro- 
 tion, repeated from the former 
 speech: and now the orator says 
 that he will return to the sub- 
 ject 'by and by,' or 'at leisure.' 
 The difficulty of the phrase Kara 
 (TxoXtjv may be partly got over, 
 by adopting, with Whiston, a 
 suggestion of Sauppe's, irfpi fiiv 
 TOVTOV /cat Tuiv KaTo. crxo^Tjv, and 
 connecting to. Kara crxoX'^c with 
 TOiovTovs \6yovs crx^^V" o,yovra 
 i(TKi(pdaL § 158 : a sneer at the 
 ' elaborate ' speech on which 
 Timocrates is counting for his 
 acquittal. But this reading in 
 itself involves the acknowledg- 
 ment of a serious corruption of 
 the text : and the abruptness of 
 the passage is still very harsh 
 and, in my opinion, unlike the 
 real work of Demosth. We are 
 not bound to determine pre- 
 cisely the limits of the spurious 
 passages, if we say that, while 
 we do not accept the whole of 
 Benseler's sweeping excision, 
 tlie conclusion is furced upon us 
 tliat in this s])(,('cli we (iiid work 
 which, after making every al- 
 lowance for Demostlu'iics' want 
 of interest in it after tlie trial 
 had ended, cannot be supjwsed 
 to have been publislied by him
 
 236 
 
 KATA TIiMOKPATOTS. [§§187-190. 
 
 Kparec avvepei, TroWd Xiyeiv en irpo'^ TovTot<; e%&)i/ 
 Travao/xai. olSa 5' ore, oj? fieu ovk dcrv/x(f)opo<i vf^lv 
 eartv 6 v6fMo<i Koi irapa iravTaf; toi)<? vofiov^ etaevq- 
 veyfMevo<; Kal Kara rravr dBiKco<i e'^wv, of^ e^et 
 Xeyeiv' dicovoi 8' avrov Xiyeiv (w? ifcrereLO-rac ra XPV' 
 ixar WvSporiwvt Kal TXavKerrj Kal M-eXavMirw, Kai 
 on Beivorar av irddot iravrcov dvdpwircov, et rreiroir]- 
 Korwv eKeivwv rd SiKaca., vrrep (ov [avro<i^ acriav e')(ei 7 59 
 188 Oelvat rov vofjLov, fxrjSev rjrrov aur6<i dXiaKoiro. eyo) oe 
 rov Xoyov T^yovfiat rovrov ovhe Ka6 ev Xeyecv evelvac 
 
 in its present shape. As Blass 
 himself admits, passages which 
 imply that the money had not 
 been paid are mixed up almost 
 inextricably with others like the 
 present, which plainly assert the 
 contrary. This want of co- 
 herence had been remarked even 
 in ancient times: tlv^s Xiyovaiu 
 e/c TOVTov vofMi^ecrOai rov \6yov 
 affvaraTov, is the remark of the 
 Scholiast on eKTiTeiarai to. xpV- 
 nara. There is not, in the entire 
 Demosthenic collection, another 
 example of a long extract of 
 several pages repeated from 
 a previous speech — the case of 
 the Fourth Philippic is quite 
 different — nor of a speech in 
 which the existence of two re- 
 censions is so clearly proved by 
 contradictions as to one of the 
 leading points of the case, the 
 payment or non-payment of the 
 money by the ambassadors. 
 Scarcely any of the matter of 
 the speech, taken section by 
 section, seems unworthy of De- 
 mosthenes: but the effect of the 
 whole is to give an impression 
 of confused arrangement which 
 we cannot suppose to have pro- 
 ceeded from him. The conclu- 
 sion seems to be that there were 
 
 really two distinct speeches, or 
 a new recension of the speech 
 owing to the turn taken by 
 affairs: but that the welding of 
 these two speeches into one is 
 not to be ascribed to Demo- 
 sthenes himself. 
 
 €KT€Tei(rrai to. xpVf^"-'''''- 'AvSpo- 
 tLwvi] The dative of the agent 
 (for vTTo Tivos) is almost confined 
 to the perf. pass. With the 
 participle of that tense it is the 
 usual construction, e.g. tQv crol 
 irewpaytxivoiv Demosth. F. L. p. 
 434 § 291 = 333 would almost 
 always take the place of tQjv 
 vvb aou TreTTpay/Mivuiv : with the 
 indicative both constructions 
 are found. Cf. Madvig, Stjnt. 
 §38. 
 
 Tre-iroi7]K6TOjv...Ta diKaia] 'have 
 satisfied the demands of jus- 
 tice,' K. Perhaps rather, ' have 
 complied with the law,' as in 
 § 52 iroLelv TO, 5t/caia cnyrj. So 
 in the next section to. wpoarj- 
 
 KOPTCL (pxis ireTTOtTJKivaL. 
 
 airlav Ixet] This is the usual 
 passive of ainaadai : the only 
 tense of the verb used passively 
 is the aor. riTia.dT)v, and that 
 very rarely: Thucyd. viii. 68 
 § 2, Xen. Hell. ii. 1 § 32.
 
 p. 759.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 237 
 
 rovTw. el fjiev yap virep tovtcov, oi)? ra irpocn'^KovTa 
 (f)f]<; TreTTOiTjKevai, delvat rov vo/xov o/xoXoyel'i, Kar 
 €Kelvo irpoayJKei a aXlaKeadat, (fyavepco^i, on fiy ride- 
 vai vofiop, edv firj rov avrov iirl irdat roi'i TroXiratf, 
 dvTLKpv^ 01 KVpiot vofiot \eyovcTL, Ka6 ov<i ovroL 
 
 189 BiKciaeLv o/xcofioKacnv. el 6e rov irdai avp.(f)6povTO<i 
 eiveKa ravra vofioOerrja-aL (f)7]aei<;, fir] \eye rrjv eKTiaiv 
 rrjv TOVTCJv' ovBev yap KOivwvel tw vopLw rajSe' dXk' 
 ft)9 eiTLTrjheLO'i eVrt /cat /caXoJ? e^^cof 6 v6p,o^, rovro 
 hihacTKe. rovro yap eaB' vrrep ov av fiev elcreveyKelv 
 <f>V'*> ^'7^ ^^ yeypafifxai, rdvavria (^(ictkwv, Kptvac Se 
 7rpoai]K€L rovrovari. Kalroi kol rovr ovk aTropyjaaifi 
 dv Bel^ac, rravra fidWov rj Kara rov^ vofiov^ Treiroir)- 
 fj,€vov<; rr}v €Kri(Ttv eKeivov^; rrjv rwv ')(pr]fMdrQ}v' dWd 
 firj irepX tovtcov v/jlcov olaovTwv rrjv -^yri^ov, rl hel 
 Tavra Xeyovr evo')(Xelv fie vvvl ; 
 
 190 Olfiai roivvv avrov ovK eKeivwv dc^e^eadat, rwv 
 
 § 188. M17 Ti.divaL...\€-^ov<TL] no Athenian may be imprison- 
 
 ' tlie existing laws expressly for- ed,' this in false: for his real 
 
 bid.' In this sense X^veti' with object is that you may lose the 
 
 a negative is rare, dwayopeveiv power to inflict additional pe- 
 
 is far more common; or as in nalties. Don't let him pick out 
 
 Androt. § 8 5iapprj8r]u ovk tdv. for quotation these expressions 
 
 § 189. i-yu) U yiypafj./j.ai] in his law which sound most 
 
 ' whereas I liave impeached it humane, but do you judye it a^ 
 
 and assert the contrary,' that it a ichole (191). There are two 
 
 is OVK 4TriTTj5eioi, contrary to classes of thinys to which the 
 
 public policy. laws of all states have reference : 
 
 irivra. f/.a.\\ov...rC}v xpwa^wf] the acts and contracts of private 
 
 ' that the jmyment whicli those persons, and the conduct of 
 
 men have made is anything but public men (192). It is your 
 
 a payment according to law.' interest that the former class of 
 
 §§ 190 — 193. Ayain, he is laws shoulil he framid with mild- 
 
 ruisiny a false issue lohen he ness and humanity, but that 
 
 tries to pose as the martyr of those which concern our public 
 
 humane and popular leyislation, duties should be striiiyent and 
 
 and says that the humbler classes severe: for then you will suffer 
 
 are those who briiefit most by the least amount of wrony from 
 
 lenient laws. When he states your statesmen {I'Xi). 
 the object of his law to be 'that
 
 238 KATA TIMOKPATOT2. [% 190-193. 
 
 \oyci)v, ft)<? Beivd av Trddoi, el ypdyfra'i ottw'? 'AOrjvaioyv 
 fiTjSeU SeOya-erat aur6<; ireiaerai rt kukov, koI on 
 TOf? v6fiov<; &)? TrpaoTciTovi Kal /jLerpicordTov<; elvac 
 vrrep twv dSvvdrcop fidXiar iariv. Trpo? St) rov<i 
 ToiovTov<i Xoyovi jSiXriov irpoaKrjKoevaL^ fiiKpd irdv- 
 
 191 ra'i vfid<;, Xv rjTrov i^aTrarda-Oe. orav fiev yap Xeyrj, 
 OTTft)? firjSeU Sedyjaerac ^AOrjvaloiv, firj XavOaverco 
 ylr€v86fxevo<i v/xd'i^. ov yap tovto redeiKev, aXX' 07r(0<i 760 
 u/^et? aKvpoL rcov Trpoa-TLfMTjfiaTcov eaeaOe' Kal ttjv 
 /xe6 opKov Kal Xoyov Kal Kpi(T€Q}<i ylrijcpov evrjveyfxevrjv 
 avdhuKov Kadlarr^aLv. /xr) 8r} rav6^ v[uv twv e« tov 
 v6/j,ov p7)/j,dTcov eKXe^aq Xeyiro), a (pLXavOpwiroTar 
 ecrriv aKovaaC aXX oXov SeiKvvTco tov vofiov e^r]^, 
 
 Kai Ta (TVfA,/3acvovT e^ avrov crKonelv edrco. evprj- 
 a-ere yap ravr 6v6' d iyoi" Xeyw, Kal ov^ « (^rjaiv 
 
 192 oi»T09. dXXd /u,r]v wpof ye to tol^ ttoXXoU av/j,<pepeLv 
 Tov^ v6fiov<; irpdov? Kal ixeTplov^ elvat TaSe XPV ^'^o- 
 ireiv. 'iariv, w dvhpe<i W.6r]vatoL, 8vo etSrj, irepl u)v 
 eiatv ot, vofioi KaTa irdcra'i''^ Td<i TroXec^' wv to fjuiu 
 i(TTi, 8t aiv 'x^pcofxeOa dXX^Xoc; Kal avvaXXdTTo/juev 
 
 " OLKTiKohai Bens. Bl. cum S. ^ [vnas\ Bl. 
 
 " raOra a iyib Z cuvi 2. ravd' ayiio 13ens. 
 
 '' Kad^ avdaas Tt Bekk. Bens, cum 2Fv. 
 
 § 190. a5vv6.Twv] § 135 11. TUf, § 2 n. 
 
 TrpoaKTj/coe^ai] 'that you should ned' opKov Kal \6yov Kai Kpl- 
 
 at once hear beforehand.' § 90 aews} ' upon oath, and after 
 
 n. argument and trial.' 
 
 § 191. \iyri, Sttws] 'when he avaSLKov KadiaTTjaii'] 'he ren- 
 says the words "in order that ders subject to an appeal.' §54 
 no Athenian may be imprison- ?j. and Diet. Antiq. s.v. 'Ap- 
 ed:'" or ypd^ai or redeiKevai pellatio' (Greek), 
 may be supplied. _ § 192. 86o eldri] ' there are 
 
 Xavdav'tToi xpevdo/ievos v/xas] i.e. two classes of things with which 
 
 Xavdaviru v/j.ds. ^peiiSeedai with the laws deal,' K. W. This is 
 
 &CC. =€^airaTa.v is almost con- more precise than 'to which 
 
 fined to poetry: there is an ex- the laws have reference,' which 
 
 ample in Xenophon, but that is would be irepl a. 
 not saying much.— ■n-poaTi/j.ri/j.d- oi' <Zv xpw/^f^a] i.e. (Sv {eldJUv)
 
 p. 760.] 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 239 
 
 Kal irepl rwv IBlfoi' a 'y^prj Troieiv hicopLCTixeOa koI 
 ^wfMev oXo)? TCI 7rpo9 y/J-d^ avTOv;, ro S\ bv rpoTrov 
 Bel Tco KOivw rfj'i 7ro\e<w<? eV SKaarov rjfMMV -^pyjadai, 
 av TToXirevecrdat ^ovkrjTai Kal (jirj Ki]hea9aL rtj'i rro- 
 193 \e&)9. eKelvovf fiev rolvvv tov<; vo/j-ou^;, rov'i irepl 
 T(ov ISicov, 'r}'rrLOi<i Keladai Kal (piXavOpcoTrco'i virep rwv 
 TToWoSv eari rovahe he tou? irepl tojv irpof to hrip,6- 
 crcov, Tovvavr'iov icr')(ypod<i Kal ^aXeTrco? e^^cv virep 
 Vfi(Sv ecrriv' ovrco yap av rjKLcrd 01 iroXtrevofievot 
 TOV<i iroXXov<i v/xoov^ ahuKolev. orav 8r] tovtco ra 
 Xojo} -)(^prjTai, iirl ravra airavrdre, on toi)? vo/xovi 
 ovK eKeLvov<i rov'i virep vficop irpaov<i iroiel, aXXa 
 TovcrBe 01 T049 iroXtrevofievoi'i (j)6l3ov irape^ovauv. 
 
 « i<nCi}v Bl. cum Tftkrs. v^at cett. 
 
 rb fikv iarl irepl iLv dalv 01 i>6/j.oi 
 Si' wv xP^M-f^"- '• the second uv 
 refers not to etdr] but to oi 
 vdfioi. The passage is well ren- 
 dered by R. W. : 'the fiist are 
 the subject of the laws by which 
 we regulate our intercourse and 
 contracts with one another, and 
 define our obligations in private 
 matters, and generally our re- 
 lations to each other in life; 
 the second (of those which) 
 determine the nature of the 
 obligations which each of us 
 owes to the state, if he would be 
 a public man and professes to 
 care for the state.' For cvpaX- 
 \dTT(iv 'to contract' cf. i. Onet. 
 p. 8f>7 § 1'^ ToiouTo wpdyiJ.a aw- 
 aWaTTwv, and crvvdWay/xa be- 
 low § 213. 
 
 oiwpl(rfj.(9a] The middle of 
 this verl) is far more common 
 than the active in the Orators, 
 but the pcrf. mid. 5iwpL<T/Mii is 
 rare. We find in 11. Onet. p. 
 877 § fi Oicrx'X'w M^** tJoptanivos 
 T7)v oUlav, TuXavTov 5t to x<^p^ov. 
 
 § 193. ovTOj yap dv...d5LKocfv] 
 A characteristic passage : this 
 deep distrust of public men goes 
 down to the very roots of Athe- 
 nian life. On the prevailing 
 dishonesty which in some de- 
 gree justified it, see above § 79 
 n. 
 
 iyrl ravra diravrdre] ' meet 
 him with this reply,' cf. § 38 
 tip' iKaarrjv airavrq. rrjv 65bv rwv 
 d5iK-niJ.a.TU)v. A still nearer pa- 
 rallel is Mid. p. 5G3 § 151 (of 
 the friends of Midias) ovk irbX- 
 p.u)v \iyeiv, inl ravra 5' dTrrfvrwv, 
 ' had recourse to this argument 
 in his defence.' 
 
 tKtlvovs'] ' the former class,' 
 rovcrbe 'the latter.' 
 
 gg 194—199. Of the many 
 pointH an to irhicli he lolll trij to 
 deceive you I will mention only 
 one. Just »ee if he can con- 
 vince yon that retroactive leyis- 
 lation reapecting what has been 
 judiclidhj settled can ever he 
 riyht (191). If, as is ]m)bahle, 
 you feel that it ((uniot, then
 
 240 RATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§194-196. 
 
 194 IloWa S' dv Tt? €)(^oi \eyeiv, et Kud^ eKacTTOv wv 
 epei SecKvvvat, /3ov\oito (f)€vaKiafjLov koI irapaKpov- 
 crea><i e'iveKa pTjdrjcro/jieva. dWa rd fiev iroWd iraprj- 
 ao), KecfidXaiov B v/jllv o ixvrjpLOvevaer epw. aKOTrelr 761 
 iv airacn rolf; Xo'yot?, oiroaovs dv y^eyrj, et tl hwrj- 
 (Terac rotovrov elirelv, hC ov SiSd^ei co? eari SiKacov 
 TOP TiOevTa lofiov ravrd Trpocrrd^at irepl rwv irape- 
 \rj\v66rwv KoX irporepov reXo^ ecr^rjKoroiv iroietv kol 
 irepl Toov fxeWovTcov yevrjcrecrdaL' irdvroov <ydp ovrwv 
 ala-^pwv Koi Setvwv toov yeypa/xfievcov iv rw v6/xa), 
 TuvTO Seivorarov Kal fidXtcTTa irapdvofiov ykypairrai. 
 
 195 et 8e /x?;^' ovto^ fiijT dWo^ /^T/Set? tovto^ Bwrjaerai 
 Bel^ai, elSevat XP^^^ crac^co? (j)evaKi^ofievov<i^, Kal \o- 
 yi^eoOat 7rp6<i v[xd<i avTov<; e'/c rii/o? ttot' i'irr]\6e 
 TOVTO) TotavTa vofj^odereiv. ov TrpotKU, a> TtfMOKpare'i, 
 
 f TOVTO post el de transp. Z Bekk. 
 e add. Kal avvUvai Z Bekk. om. SATfikrs. •> add. iifxas Z Bekk. 
 
 consider ichat alone can have of impunity. And he has no 
 induced him to propose such a interest forsooth, no personal 
 law. Nothinfi hut the most object to sene, when he incurs 
 abominable avarice (195). He your hatred and introduces laws 
 cannot say that it was out of contrary to all the rest, nay even 
 compassion for Androtion and to a former law of his oicn {19^). 
 his felloivs : for their own con- § 194. (pepaKia/jiou Kai irapa- 
 duct iuas such as to excite in- Kpovcrews] Comp. below § 209, 
 dignation rather than pity, and Aristocr. p. 656 § 107 i<f>iva- 
 he is not so remarkably kind and KicrdriTe Kal TrapeKpo^crdrjre. The 
 gentle after all (196), as is verbs are favourites with De- 
 proved by the acts of oppression mosth. (Androt. § 34 n.) : the 
 of ivhich lie ivas gxdlty as the substantives are rare, but (pi- 
 colleague and accomplice of An- vaKiafxbs occurs de Pace p. 59 
 drotion during their year of § 10, vapaKpovcris Aristocr. p. 679 
 office (197). He should rather § 175. 
 
 have had pity upon you, from irepl tQjv TrapeXriXvdoTwv] This 
 
 tvhom he and Androtion have argument is now getting rather 
 
 exacted double payments while threadbare: we have had it 
 
 themselves not contributing any- ah'eady §§ 42 — 44, 56 — 58, 72 
 
 thing to the property tax (198). — 76. For the phraseology of. 
 
 He and Androtion entered their § 73 irepl d' u>v 8LKacrTr)pi.ov ^yvuKe 
 
 accounts alone, not with their Kal TiXos iaxv^^- 
 colleagues, so confident icere they
 
 p. 761.] RATA THIOKPATOTS. 
 
 241 
 
 TTodev ; 01/8' oXljov Set rovrov edrjKa'i rov vo/xov' 
 ovhefjbiav yap av elTrelv e')(oi'i aW'qv 7rp6(f)acnv, So tjv 
 roiovrov eiryjpdrj'i elcreveyKeiv vofiov, rj rrjv aavrov 
 6eol<i i^dpdv alcr')(^poKepheLav' ovre yap crvyyev'q^i 
 oiiT oiKelo<^ ovT dvajKalo^ tjv croi rovrcov ovSel^, 
 196 ovT^ eKelv av exoc<; eliretv, co? i\e7J<Ta<; Seivd 7ra- 
 (j')(ovTa<i dvdp(07rov<; eiXov hid ravra ^orjdelv avTol^. 
 
 " oi}5' vulgo Z Dind. 
 
 § 195. wbdev ;] interjected as 
 in § 157. 
 
 oi'5' oKiyov Set] Here and in 
 two other passages, pro Mega- 
 lop, p. 206 § 16 and F. L. p. 
 399 § 184 = 204, the meaning 
 ' far from it ' is expressed by 
 this phrase instead of the much 
 more common ov5k ttoXXoO oe? 
 (de reb. in Chers. p. 100 § 42, 
 de F. L. p. 350 § 30 = .H3 and 
 elsewhere). The old commenta- 
 tors (as Jerome Wolf) explained 
 the former class of passages by 
 oi)5' 6X1701; oet, dXXa ttoXXoO: and 
 were perplexed by the ovot be- 
 fore iroXXoO in the latter. It 
 will be found that in all these 
 passages a negative has pre- 
 ceded : the distinction is that 
 in ov5i TToXXoO oet the oiib^ does 
 not negative what follows, but 
 merely repeats the previous ne- 
 gation : whereas in oi'5' dXiyov 
 del the ovde does really negative 
 dXLyov, I cannot think with 
 Shilleto (on F. L. § 204) that 
 the presence or absence of ye 
 would render the meaning 
 doubtful: as he observes, ' oi 
 oi (i.e. ov Kal) dXiyov ye del is 
 precisely equivalent to ttoXXoC 
 ye Kal oet.' It is curious that 
 the use of iroXXocrTds and 6\i- 
 yoarbi has occasioned a similar 
 difficulty : see the next section. 
 
 iiry)pOT)%] ' you were led on, 
 
 W. D. 
 
 induced, encouraged' to bring 
 in this law: 'veranlasst' Ben- 
 seler. In K.'s rendering, 'pre- 
 text for introducing such a bill,' 
 this word is not expressed. 
 
 deoh ex6pa.v al<JXP0Kip5ei.a.v'\ It 
 is from this passage that dioic- 
 exGpta" Androt. § 59 (where see 
 the note) has been altered in 
 most MSS. There are no vari- 
 ous readings here, except that 2 
 writes, as elsewhere, aicxpoKep- 
 8iav : and this form, though 
 contrary to analogy, has been 
 accepted by Dindorf (Praef. ed. 
 3 p. xxviii). Cobet Misc. Crit. 
 p. 25 wishes to read deoLcrex&pl-o-v 
 here in conformity with || An- 
 drot.: but there can be no ne- 
 cessity for this. 
 
 oUre yap crvyyevTji oCt' oUeioi 
 oCt dvayKaloi] ' either a rela- 
 tive or a connexion or an inti- 
 mate friend' K. 'Ein Verwnnd- 
 ter oder Bekannter von dir oder 
 stand dir irgendwie nahe' Ben- 
 seler. Compare above (n;77e- 
 vwv Kal oUeLwu § G7 n. 
 
 § 196. tA Toi/Twi'] sc. xP'h- 
 fiara, apparently tlic money of 
 the jury as representing the 
 state. This is Ileiske's explana- 
 tion, approved by Dindorf: cf. 
 in the next section roi/rwi'i. Ben- 
 seler's version takes no notice 
 of rovTWf. In Nicostr. p. 1254 
 §§ 20, 27 we have i/x<pi(TJiTjToOy- 
 
 10
 
 242 
 
 KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. [% 196-198. 
 
 bvT€ yap Tci tovtcov ttoWocttm ')(^p6vu> /J,6\i<i axovTa<i, 
 iv Tpialv e^6\e<y')(6evra'i SiKaarrjpLOf;, Kararidevai, 
 rovd^ rjyqcrw \to\ Seiva irdcr'X^eLV elvaf iroielv yap iari 
 Tovro ye Secvd, Kal irapo^vveLe fidWov civ riva fitaelv 
 rj TrpoTpe-^etev iXeeiv' out dWax; irpdo'i koI (f)i\dv- 
 dpwTTO^ <jv Tt? T(uv oKXwv 8ia<i)6po}<; wv ekeel<;^ av- 
 
 k rjKieis Bl. 
 
 Tos tQiv vixeripwy of a claim not 
 yet proved on behalf of the 
 state : cf. above § 175 n. 
 
 ■KoWouTi^ XP^^v] iroXKoarbs 
 has two meanings which at iirst 
 sight appear contradictory. (1) 
 One out of many, and so small 
 in proportion to the whole; as 
 a fraction with a large denomi- 
 nator is a small fraction. This 
 is the usual sense, found gene- 
 rally but not always with /x^pos 
 or fibpLov : as in iii. Phil. p. 117 
 § 25 e'Xa.TTOva. ecmv...d,W oi'5e 
 woWocTTOi' /xepos TOVTWv eKelva. 
 c. Macart. p. 1052 § 9 dXX' oi}5' 
 dTToXoyrjffaffdal /moi i^ey^vero ovde 
 iroWoffTOV fiipos uv Kare^pevSovTO 
 ijfiQiu : ' the smallest part.' (2) 
 As applied to time, only in ttoX- 
 Xocrry xp^^V 'after a long time,' 
 'so long after it was due' K. 
 The phrase occurs also c. Eu- 
 bul. p. 1304 § 18 Trpos tovs olKel- 
 ovs icrudr] devpo TroXXocrTtf) XP°'^V- 
 and Aristoph. Pac. 559. iieiske 
 was struck with the difficulty of 
 reconciling the two meanings: 
 ' hie non minuit, sed auget.' 
 On this G. H. Schaefer remarks 
 that it always implies number, 
 ' ut semper sit av^rjTiKbv, nun- 
 quam fxeLdiTLKbv :' and here it 
 means 'at one moment out of 
 many,' implying many moments 
 or, in other words, a long time. 
 This usage was probably poet- 
 ical in its origin : besides the 
 line of Aristophanes, it will be 
 
 observed that the passage just 
 quoted from the Eubulides reads 
 as a fragment of an iambic 
 verse. It is found only in the 
 dative case : a writer would na- 
 turally say TTokiiv xp^vov, not 
 TToWoarbv, of the duration of a 
 long time, but TroX\ocrT<^ when a 
 jxirticidar moment of that long 
 time was intended. It seems 
 however that Soph. Antig. 625 
 Trpdacrei. 5' oXiyoarbv xp^'^ov eKrbs 
 dras is a bold extension of this 
 poetic usage from the point of 
 time to its duration. The more 
 we realise Sophocles' love of 
 artilicial expression, the less, I 
 think, shall we be inclined to 
 desert the MSS. in favour of 
 the commonplace 6\lyi(jTov. 
 
 fxbXis &KovTas] These words 
 add to the rhetorical deivbryjs of 
 the passage : they paid the mo- 
 ney (1) at the latest possible 
 moment, (2) after making many 
 difficulties, and (3) with the 
 worst possible grace. 
 
 ev Tpialv e^eXeyxO^vras oiKa- 
 crrripLOis] The Trpoj3ovXevp.a of 
 the senate, the xp-qipiaiia of the 
 people, and the verdict of the 
 dicastery, are each reckoned as 
 a judicial decree affirming the 
 liability of Androtion and his 
 fellows. So A. Schaefer i. 332 
 n., followed by Benseler and 
 Whiston. 
 
 TTOieiv yap iuTi rovrb ye deivd] 
 TToieiv is emphatically opposed
 
 p. 762] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 243 
 
 197 Toi;<?' ov yap iari t?;? avrrj<i -v/rui^?}? ^AvSporiwva /xev 
 KOL ^leXdvcoiTov kui VXavKeTrjv^ iXeetv, a /cXeS/rafTe? 
 GiXOv el Kara6)](Tovcri, rovTOivl Se toctovtcov ovtwv koi 
 TcSv aXXoiv TToXircov, (Sv eirl Ta<; olKla<; €j3aSt^e<i av 762 
 Tov<i evSeKa Kal roi)? diroSeKTa^ '^X^^ '^^'' ''"O'^'? vrrr)- 
 pera^, fxrjSeva ttcottot iXerjaai, dXXd 6vpa<; dcpatpelv 
 KaL arpco/xaa viroaTrav Kai oiaKOvov, fj tl^ eypy]TO, 
 ravTrjv eve-^vpd^eiv d crv irdvT eTrolet^i ivtavrov 
 
 198 '6Xov fj.er 'AvSpoTLcovo^. ttoXXm yap BtJttov cr^j^erXt- 
 
 ' TXavK^TTiv Kai MeXavwirov Bekk. cum libris praeter SFv. 
 ™ 77 Tis Bens, cum 2AFrs. ei' rts cett. Blass. 
 
 to irdffxiiv: 'it was cruel con- 
 duct you mean, not cruel treat- 
 ment.' 
 
 § 197. d K\4ipavTes elxov el 
 KaTadTicrovai] ' for having to re- 
 fund what they had embezzled 
 and were still keeping." After 
 i\f€iv, as after dav/jid^eiv, ei im- 
 plies no 'if but points to a 
 fact: cf. § 32 n. 
 
 dTTooffcras] § 162 n. 
 
 Bvpas. . . inrocrwdi'] ' to have torn 
 off their doors and dragged the 
 bed-clothes from under them.' 
 Cf. Androt. § .j6 and the phrase 
 ffK€vr} <pipHv § .07. It seems 
 from the mention of doors that 
 not only furniture but fixtures 
 might be seized under a dis- 
 traint at Athens. In Lysias de 
 Bon. AriHtoph. §31 thewTench- 
 ing of doors seems to have been 
 the work of ' wreckers ' who also 
 plundered the house: in this 
 instance it is clearly done by 
 autiiority. 
 
 5i&Kovov <«'exi'/>«ii'f«»'] For 
 
 the ace. with ivexvpi^iiv see 
 note on Androt. I. c. Slaves 
 were among the first 'cattle ' or 
 'chattels' distrained upon: the 
 argument in Or. ;j3 wpds Nu-6- 
 ffTparov irepl dvipavoouv dvo- 
 
 ypacpris 'Apedovalov turns upon 
 a schedule or inventory {dno- 
 ypa<pr]) in which two slaves are 
 stated to be the property of Are- 
 thusius, and therefore liable to 
 confiscation as a partial pay- 
 ment of his debt to the public 
 treasury, while Nicostratus the 
 brother of Arethusius has collu- 
 sively claimed them as his own, 
 a case of 'concealment of effects 
 in bankruptcy.' There can be 
 no doubt that ixpV'''o is rightly 
 explained as ' used with a double 
 meaning, or at any rate euphe- 
 mistically for a ])lainir tcrm = 
 Tr\7](Tid^€Lv' (E. W.). I do not 
 think, however, tliat the Scho- 
 liast is right in referring under 
 this head to the case of Sinope 
 and Phanostrata in Androt. I.e.: 
 they appear to have been free 
 women whose goods, not per- 
 sons, had been seized (dvOpwirovi 
 ir6pva%, oi' hIvtol dtpfiXovaai elj- 
 (popds). Tlie MS. authority is 
 decisive in favour of y ns ixpV' 
 TO, which yields exactly the 
 same sense as et tjs. 
 
 iviavTOf 6Xoc] The year in 
 which they held tlic ollice of 
 iKXorytii, § 160 and |i Androt. 
 
 10—2
 
 244 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§ 198-201. 
 
 wrep eirdayeO' v/u,ei<;, koI ttoXv /jidWov av eiKorwi 
 rfkeei'; rovrovi, ot 8l vfMd<;, c6 Kurdpare, rov<i Xeyov- 
 ra<i ouS' oTiovv ela(^epovre<i iravovTat, Koi ovk airo- 
 '^prj TOUT, dWd Kal SiTrXd irpaTTOVTai, Koi ravO 
 viro (jov Kal ^AvSpoTlcovo<i, ot fiuav el(T(j)opav'^ ovoe- 
 199 TTwiroT elaevrivoy^are. ttjXikovto roivvv icppovrjcrev 
 ovTO<; cu? ap' ovSe Blktjv tovtwv ovSep^lav Saiacov, coare 
 fjLovo'i BeKa roov a-vvap')^ovTO)V ovtwv Kocvfj tov Xoyov 
 iyypdyjrat /xer 'Av8poTl(ovo<i eroXtxrjae' TrpoiKa yap, 
 ovhev oi^e\ovp.evo<;, vpuv Ti,/jiOKpdT7]<; dire'xPdveTai 
 Kal v6/xov<; ela^epeu irdcnv ivavTLOu^, to TeXevraiov 
 Be Kal avTov vojjlw irporepw, o /xa jrjv ^Adrjvdv ouS' 
 vfj.d<i olp,aL Xavddvecv. 
 
 ° /xiav dacpopkv, fxiau Z Bens, cum 2. 
 
 § 198. vfMe7s...ri\€€is tovtovs 
 ...vfMas...Tovs X^70J'ras] Through 
 these rapid changes of pronoun 
 the meaning is plain: 'you, the 
 Athenian people, were much 
 worse treated:' 'you, Timo- 
 crates, had much more reason 
 to pity your countrymen, who 
 through 7/ou orators have no res- 
 pite from payment of property- 
 tax.' 
 
 5i7rXa wpaTTovTai.] ' they are 
 made to pay double.' 'To ex- 
 act ' is either TrparTtiv or irpaT- 
 Tfffdai indiscriminately : and 
 the verb, which in the active 
 voice takes a double accusative 
 {■jrp6.TT€Lv TLva tl) is regularly 
 joined to a single accusative 
 when used passively. The same 
 statement occurs above § 185 
 and il Androt., StTrXSy TrparrocTes 
 Tos elccpopas. 
 
 §199. Tri\i.KOvTo...i(pp6v7)a€v\ 
 ' such was his self-confidence,' 
 ' Selbstvertrauen,' Benseler. tt;- 
 \lkovto (ppovetv is precisely = ou- 
 Tw p-^a. (ppovetv. 
 
 TOV \6yov eyypaipaL] ' to enter 
 his account' of the monies he 
 had collected in the public 
 books of the Logistae. So Ae- 
 schin. Ctes. § 20 eyypd4>ei.v wpbs 
 Tovs \oyuTTas 6 v6p.os KeXevei. X6- 
 yov. More commonly iyypa- 
 (peiv is simply 'to register' a 
 debt or fine, c. Nicostr. p. 1251 
 § 1-1 iyypdxpEL Toj 5-qp.oa'i.ip (in 
 the treasury), where examples 
 are collected in Sandys' note. 
 Timocrates was not afraid to 
 make common cause with An- 
 drotion, when their colleagues 
 (as is implied) had kept aloof 
 from their exactions. 
 
 wpoLKa yap, oi^S^v wcpeKoijpLevos] 
 And yet you are asked to be- 
 lieve that he incurs your ha- 
 tred gratuitously, for no per- 
 sonal gain. 
 
 avTov vo/xcj Trporipu}] Above, 
 §§ 62, 63. 
 
 §§ 200—203. He has taken 
 up the trade of a hireling, and 
 makes no good use of the money : 
 ii'hat he has gained basely he
 
 p. 762.] KATA TBIOKPATOT^. 
 
 245 
 
 200 '^O TOivvv e/jLOiye SoKel ixaXiar 6py7]<i a^iov elvat, 
 (ppdcTQ) Kol ovK aTroTpeylrofiat, on ravr , U) dvBpe'i 
 XOrjvoLoi, Trpnrroov eV dpyvpiat, Kal 7rpoTjpTj/j,6vo<i 
 
 O)? d\rjd(i)'i fiicrdapveiv, ovk et'? a Kal crujypcofirjv 
 UKovcra^ av ti<; ca'^e, raiir dva\iaK€L. ravra 8' ecrrl 
 TL ; 6 Tran'ip, u) di'8p€<; SiKaaral, 6 rovrou to5 Si]/xo- 
 aiw 6(f>ec\ei' Kal ovk ovethl^oiv itceivw Xeyw, dXX' 
 
 201 dvayKa^ofiei'o^- Kal ovto<; 6 ^pTjcrro? Trepcopd. KalroL 
 bcrTi<; /j,eW(ov KXrjpovofMtjcreiv rr}? drifita^, dv eKelv6<i 
 Ti Trddr}, fjLrj oXerai Belv eKTetaai, dWd Kephalvetv, ov 
 
 spends selfishly. He suffers his 
 own father to languish under 
 Atimia, which he icill one day 
 inherit hiinselj, rather than pay 
 a small sum to restore him to 
 his civic rights (201) ; he is the 
 betrayer of his sister's honour 
 (202). If you do not put him to 
 death, you will be thought to 
 like his pettifogging actions 
 and the trouble he gives you, 
 and to have no desire to be rid 
 of scoundrels (203). 
 
 § 200. diroTpe^po/jLai] §§ 1 n., 
 104 n. Here 2: alone preserves 
 the better reading. 
 
 TTporip-qixivos] ' though he has 
 made it his set purpose ' (wpoal- 
 pici's). Generally with accus. 
 wpoaipuadai rf. for the infiu. 
 compare c. Dionysodor. p. 1297 
 § 48 TToWoi T(2)f Kara ddXarrciv 
 ipyd^fffdai TTpoaipovfi^vuv (where- 
 as in § 1 he had said Tr^v ipya- 
 fflav irporjprjijUi'OLS). Isocr. Phil. 
 § 77 TovTois iiriliovXevujv, virip 
 uv 6 TTpdyovoi auTov irpotlXeTO 
 
 KlvSvV€V{ll', 
 
 oi/K (Is d...TavT' dcaXt'er/cet] 
 There is no probability in Do- 
 bree's conjecture toOt' dvaXiaKd. 
 The order is eh ravra d dKovcrai 
 Tts air^/vuifj.i)v av l(rxf< ^md /cai 
 emphasizes av^fdi/M-qv. 
 
 6 Trarrjp] This favours the 
 inference already drawn from 
 Androt. § GG compared with Ti- 
 mocr. § 173, that Timocrates 
 was much younger than Andro- 
 tion. 
 
 OVK 6v€i5i^UJV iKUViO Xifui] It 
 
 was usual to apologise when al- 
 luding to the ' misfortunes ' of 
 those who had been convicted, 
 other than the immediate ob- 
 jects of attack. So in Mid. p. 
 533 § 58 ov yap dveidiffat fj.d toi)s 
 6€ovs ovSevl 5vcrxepii ovdiv /3ouX6- 
 fj.€uos rovTo TTotTjtrw, when he is 
 about to mention the Atimia of 
 Sannio {kIxP''!'''^'- cv/j-tfiopq.) : cf. 
 Androt. §§ 55 /(., 02, above 
 §132. 
 
 Kal ovros 6 XP'?""'"''' Treptop^] 
 'and yet this worthy person al- 
 lows him to remain so.' XPV' 
 arbi ironical, § 100. 
 
 § 201. K\ripovofj.ri(Tfiv riji drt- 
 fj.Las] Androt. § 34 h. 
 
 du tKelvl)^ n irdOri] 'sliould 
 anything happen to his father : ' 
 a euphemism as in Latin and 
 English. 
 
 IXT) ourai] The relative 6(Tri% 
 heie^e^, and is therefore fol- 
 lowed by ixr), not ov. 
 
 KfpSaiueiv ...rovTO ro K^f)5os] 
 ' to enjoy what it would cost
 
 246 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§201-204. 
 
 eKeivo'i i^fi j^povov, a^tol tovto to /cepSo?, Tivo'i av vfuv 
 a'iToa')(e(7dai hoKeZ ; koX rov fxev irarep ovr eXeet? j62, 
 ovre Setvd aoc Sokgl Trda-^eiv, el crov Xafi^dvovro'; 
 Kal '^prj/jLaTil^o/xevov utto tcov etcrcpopcov cov eiae- 
 7rpaTTe<;, diro tcov'^ ylr'r}<picrfidro)v wv 'ypd(f)€i<i, acf) (ov 
 ela(f)6pet<; vo/icov, Scd fiCKpov dpyvpiov firj /nere'^et tt}? 
 202 TToXect)?, krepov^ K eXerjcrai riva<i (^^9; dXkd vrj Aca 
 Tr]V dSe\(f)rjv KaXco<; Sia>K7]K6v. dX}C el Kol /iiTjSev 
 dXXo TjhLKeL, Kara rovr d^io^ e<n diroXwXevar ire- 
 irpaKe <ydp avTrjv, ovk eKSeScoKe. rwv 'yap v/jueTepcov 
 i'X^Opcov evl, KepKvpaio) rivl tmu vvv eyovTWV rrjv 
 iroXcv, KaraXvovTi Trap avTu> ore Bevpo Trpecr^evoc, 
 Kal /dovXrjdevTi XajSelv avrrjv (e^ ov he rpoirov, ira- 
 paXel-^oi) Xa^ciov dpjvpiov SiScoKe' Kal vvv earlv iv 
 
 ° tQi> 07)1. Bens, cum 2v. 
 
 him ' (to pay his father's 
 debt). 
 
 Xa/jL^dvovTos Kal xP'7Mi^''''f<'/^^- 
 vov] ' while you help yourself 
 and make money:' the usual 
 sense of xP'?/"'^'''^^^*''^'" middle. 
 Pro Phorm. p. 593 § 30 dnb rod 
 Xp^i'^'^ff'^'i' '^'''^ fTipuv Tv\dw 
 KTrjcraadaL. So xpT/yuartcrT-^s a 
 money-maker, economist, Boeot. 
 de Nom. p. 1002 § 25 ris rju xpv 
 fianaTT^s 6 irar-qp (where Tis = 
 ■troibs Tts). For xpTj/iari^et;' ac- 
 tive, §§ 21 71., 45, 55. 
 
 5(0, fXLKpbu dpyvpLov] 'for,' i.e. 
 ' for want of.' Schaefer com- 
 pares Aristoph. Plut. 147 ^7^7^ 
 Toi. 5id fXLKphv dpyvpidiov \ 5ou\os 
 yey^v7]fj.ai 5id t6 pLvj TrXovretu 
 tffujs : where Dobree had referred 
 to the present passage. 
 
 § 202. dWd VT] A!.a...Ka\ics 
 diifiKTjKev] Both phrases occur 
 Androt. § 69 and above § 176. 
 For SiuiKTiKev with ace. of per- 
 son, ' has managed her affairs 
 
 nicely,' Dindorf compares Isae- 
 us Or. 7 (Apollodor.) § 6 avrbv 
 5' iKeivov oCrw Sii^Kyjasv ewiTpo- 
 irevuv w(TT€ TpiCov avTt^ raXdvruv 
 SlKrjv 6<p\eiv. 
 
 el Kal fj.r]dev aXXo rjSiKei] ' even 
 if he were guilty of nothing else : ' 
 the imperf. expresses the abid- 
 ing guilt. ' If he had committed 
 no other crime ' would be tjUkt)- 
 (jeu. 
 
 vfieTepwv ixSpiJov evl\ Since 
 the year 361 the oligarchs had 
 had the upper hand at Corcyra, 
 and the island had quitted the 
 Athenian alliance. They were 
 not at war {■wokiixioi), but poli- 
 tically hostile (exdpol). 
 
 KaraXvovTi . . . Trpecr^evoi] ' who 
 used to lodge at his house when- 
 ever he came here as ambassa- 
 dor.' The optative 'of indefi- 
 nite frequency' shows that the 
 man came more than once : and 
 Kara'KvovTL is therefore an im- 
 perf. participle.
 
 p. 763.] RATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 247 
 
 203 Kep/cupa. 0? ovv rrjv /j,ev a.8€X(f)j]v eV i^ayoiji] (f)T]- 
 crt'' fjL€v eKhovvai, ireirpaice he tm epyo), top 8e avTou 
 irarepa ovrco yrjpoTpocfiel, KokaKevet, he Kol fiiadov 
 ypd(j)ei Kal TroXireveraL, tovtov vfj,€i^ \a^6vT€<i ovk 
 airoKTevelre ; ho^er ap\ w avSpe<; Wdrjvaloc, Kp'i- 
 creL<i jSovXeaOaL Kal Trpdyfiar e^^iv, a)OC ovk dirrjX- 
 Xd-^dai TOiv TTOvrjpoJv. 
 
 204 Kal ixrjv on fiev irpocrrjKeL irdvTa<i KoXd^ecv tou? 
 d8iKovvTa<i, ev olS' on 7rdvTe<; dv, et Tt9 epotro, (f)7]- 
 aaire' oa-o) Be fidXiara tovtov, o<? vofiov elaevr}vo')(^ 
 iirl ^Xd/Sj] Tov TrXy-jOovi, iyco 7reipdao/iai hchd^ai. 
 Tcov fikv yap KXeirTwv Kal XcoTrohvTcov Kal tu TOiavTa 
 
 P (pr](T€L Z Bekk. Bens, cum 2. 
 
 § 203. eV i^ayuyy^ ...iK8oO- 
 vai] The giving in marriage of 
 an Athenian woman to a fo- 
 reigner was itself illegal, as K. 
 points out, referring to Diet. 
 Antiq. s. V. 'Exagoges Dike.' 
 For the corresponding law a- 
 gainst the marriage of a citizen 
 with a foreign woman, Androt. 
 § '6 n. Aristogiton is likewise 
 accused of selling his sister 
 (perhaps an illegitimate half- 
 sister) : dv/ar^pao' eKfivris OTTWff- 
 SrjiroTf yevofiiv-qv («'u) yap tovto), 
 d\\' ade\<t>rji> ye, fir' i^aywyfi 
 air^ooTo I. Aristog. p. 787 g 55. 
 
 Ko\aKfO(L ... iro\iT€veTai\ fii- 
 <x6oO belongs to TroXiTeverai as 
 well as to ypa.<pei : ' is a hanger- 
 on (is the ('(Hit' damnie of such 
 people aa Audrotion, does their 
 dirty work) and a hireling de- 
 cree-drawer and politician.' 
 
 airrjXXdx^at] The full mean- 
 ing of the perf. iutin. is 'to be 
 at once and for ever quit:' § (30 
 H. So d,<puffOaL in § 207. 
 
 ^§ 201 — 20'.i. The mun who 
 pannes a bad law is worse than a 
 
 thief or common criminal. The 
 thief injures only his victims, 
 and disgraces only liimself: but 
 the author of a law which gives 
 impunity to crime both injures 
 and disyraces the whole people 
 (205). The first step in a revo- 
 lution is usually the opening of 
 prisons (206). I am not afraid 
 of the defendant's overthrowing 
 your government : but remember, 
 he has taken this revolutionary 
 step (207). Jr7ia( would your 
 feelings be, if you heard a yell 
 at this moment which announced 
 that the scum of your gaoU had 
 broken loose, and if Timocrates 
 were the author of the mischief? 
 Surely he would be hurried to 
 execution without even a hear- 
 ing (208). Well, his laiv not 
 merehj opens the jjriso/w, but as 
 good as pulls them down, and 
 the courts of justice rcith them: 
 for it renders both useless (20'.»). 
 § 204. XwTTooiirwc] See on 
 § 111 i/j-driov rj \r]Ki>Oioi'...eK rwy 
 yvfj-vaciuv v<pi\oiTO,
 
 248 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§204-207. 
 
 KaKovp<yovvT(i)v eKaaTo<i irpoirov fxev w? ak7}doi<i rov 
 evTVXpvT dSiKet, kuI ovk av ol6<i r elrj 7rdvTa<; eK- 
 hveiv ovhe rd Trdvrwv v(j)e'X,eadat, elra Karaca^vveL 
 
 205 T7]v auTov Bo^av Kol rov ^lov [xovov. el he ra 
 eLacpepet v6/xov e^ ov toc<; v/ji,d<i /SovXo/jbevoa dhiKelv 
 
 rj Trda e^ovaia kul dSeta 'yevr]creTat, ovto<; oXtjv 764 
 aoiKel rrjv ttoXlv kol KaraL(T')(yvei irdyra';' vo/xo'i 
 lyap aia')(^po<i orav KvpLo<; fi, ttj^ TroXew? OfetSo9 ecm 
 Tri<i defjiev7]<;, kol /BXairrec irdvra'i oaoi irep av avro) 
 •X^poovrat. rov ovv koI ^Xdirreiv vfMd<i koL ho^rj^ 
 avaiTijxifKavai (ftavXrj'i eTn-^eipouvra, rovrov ov ri/jLco- 
 
 206 prjaecrde Xa/36vr€^ ; koI rl cfyrjaere ; yvoLij S' dv ri? 
 ovro) fxakiad^ rfkiKa Trpdjfiara avcrKevdcra^ yeypa- 
 (f)ev avrov, Kal ravd' &>? vTrevavria rfj KaOecrrwcrr) 
 TToXireia, et Xoytcracro on 7rdvre<i, orav ttov Kara- 
 
 wpQiTov fih...a.5LKu'\ 'in the 
 first place he really injures only 
 the man who falls in his way,' 
 rhv ivTvxivra opp. to Travras. 
 "0 ei'Ti'xdjj' is 'the first comer.' 
 Isae. Or. 3 (Pyrrhus) § 61, Or. 
 9 (Astyph.) § 12. 
 
 iKdueip] A word appropriate 
 enough to Xw7ro5i>rat: but here 
 perhaps opp. to iKpeXiadai of 
 stripping with violence, as in 
 Conon p. 1259 § 8 ifiol TrepiTre- 
 ffdvTes rb /xev TrpQrov i^iSvaav. 
 
 § 205. -17 waaa e^ovaia Kal 
 ddeca] ' complete license and 
 impunity.' e^ovcria is rare of 
 unlawful authority; but com- 
 pare Aeschin. Timarch. § 108 
 TOVTOv avTov Xa^Svra ddeiav Kal 
 i^ovalav Kal dpxv" tIs dv eXTricreiev 
 dTToXeXonr^ai tl twv affeXyeard- 
 Tiiiv ^pywv ; For ddeia in this 
 sense, Androt. § 25, above § 102. 
 — Kvpios 7? ' is in force.' 
 
 avT(^ Xp^ivrai] ' live under it.' 
 §§ 139, 140 and elsewhere. 
 
 56^r]s dpaTn/xirXdvai. (pavXrjs} 
 
 ' cover you with infamy.' Cf. 
 Lept. p. 466 § 28 ttjs de y' at- 
 (JXuvy]^ 6X71V dvairifnTXricn rrji' 
 TToXiv, quoted by B. W. 
 
 § 206. iiXiKa irpdy/xaTa <rv- 
 aKevdcras] ' with what deep de- 
 signs he framed this law.' crv- 
 (TKevd^eiv is properly 'to pack 
 up,' Lat. convasare ; the Uteral 
 sense occurs Plat. Theaet. 175 e 
 UTpuifjLaTodeafxov /j,t] eTn.aTdfj.evos 
 avaKevdaaadai. In the Orators 
 the use of the verb is metai^hor- 
 ical, and found in all three 
 voices: active here and Fals. 
 Leg. p. 358 § 54 = 61 diravra 
 ravra ei's ^v Tprjcpia/xa KareaKeva- 
 aav: passive, ib. p. 365 § 76 = 
 86 17 irdaa dTrdrTj Kal rix^V o'^"- 
 ecKeudadr) tov irepl <^wK^as 6X4- 
 dpov. middle, ib. p. 438 §303 = 
 346 6 avaKevd^eadai ry/'EXXdda 
 Kal lleXoTr6vv7)aov '^iXiTnrov ^ouiv, 
 ' forming them into a combi- 
 nation against you,' and Plato 
 I.e. 
 
 5Tav ttov] 'wherever.' G. H.
 
 p. 764.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 249 
 
 \vovTe<; TOP Sfjfiov Trpdy/xaaiv ey)(^eipo)at vecorepoL^i, 
 TOVTO TTOiovat TTpcoTOv aTTcivTOiv, eXvaav Tou<i irpore- 
 pov vofjLco 8t dfiapTiav rtva tuvttjv v7rixovTa<; tijv 
 207 hiKTjv. 7r&)9 ovv ovK d^LO<i ovTO<i, el Svvarov, rpi?, ov-)(^ 
 arra^ aTToXcoXevai, o<; ei? mv /cal ov hi'^irov ixeWwv 
 KaTokvcreiv^ v/ji,d<;, dWd rovvavriov avro^i ev v/mlv, av 
 TO, BiKata Kol rd Trpoai^Kovra TroiijTe, aTroKeladat , 
 o/iw? €fii/jLT]aaTO TOVTO TaSiKij/xa, koI Sia tov vo/xov 
 Xveiv rj^icoaev ov<; SeSeKev Ta ScKaaTijpia, ypd-ylraf: 
 dvacBw, ec tlvl TrpoaTeTCfXTjTat heapLov kclv to Xoittov 
 
 ^ KaTa\v<Tuv...a.Tro\i1adai Bl. cum Tflkrs. KaraMuv . . .a.iro\i<Tdoii cett. 
 
 Schaefer observes that irov = all- 
 cubi, i.e. iu any democratic go- 
 vernment; orav wov will there- 
 fore =sic»6i. But probably we 
 should read, with Dahms, ol av 
 irov. 
 
 irpdyfJLaffiv fyxftp^oi fewr^pois] 
 Exactly = rf?^!« novis studere, 
 'to aim at a revolution : ' in this 
 sense v(d}Tfp6i> n Trpamiv is 
 common, as well as vewrepi^eiv, 
 but «7xetpe'«' does not seem to 
 occur elsewhere. 
 
 i\v<rav] This aorist, follow- 
 ing the presents eyxn-pwai and 
 iroiovai, is rightly rendered as a 
 present by K. Thus used it 
 expresses what is u-ont to hap- 
 pen, Jelf, Synt. i 402. 1 ; Mad- 
 vig, Synt. § 111 a. Benseler 
 less correctly turns all the verbs 
 into the past tense. 
 
 ' those who are under^oinK this 
 punishment : ' as in doDvai bUriv, 
 §207. ixiWiiyv Ka.Ta\v<j(.i.v ...air- 
 oXetff^ai] The reading of the 
 best secondary MSS. KaraXixruv 
 and iiroXuaOai. ou^'lit certainly 
 to be followed here. Cobet, 
 who sometimes reixats himself, 
 notices this point twice over, 
 Nov. Led. p. 7h0 and Mime. 
 
 Grit. p. 558 : adding that it 
 ought to have been restored in- 
 vito libri.i. ^Yithout dogma- 
 tising with Phrynichus and Co- 
 bet on this point, it may be 
 remarked that in prose at least 
 there is always a strong pre- 
 sumiition iu favour of the future 
 after mAXw. In verse a greater 
 latitude was naturally allowed : 
 yet Mr liutherford's careful ex- 
 amination shows that the ex- 
 ceptions amount to no more 
 than four per cent, of the whole 
 in Comedy, and somewhat more 
 in Tragedy (Xeic Fhrijn. p. 120 
 ff.). Lobeck, who devotes an 
 appendix to the constructions of 
 fi^Wo}, argues in favour of ad- 
 mitting the pres. and aor. in 
 prose as well (Phryii. p. 74.5 ff. ), 
 Kav...TrpoffTtfiri(Ti)Te] We have 
 here the strict grammatical con- 
 struction instead of rj...irpo<TTi- 
 fi-ndU as in §§ 3!J, 72, 7^, US. 
 An exjilanatioii of the ajiparent 
 solecism has been suguested in 
 the note on § 39 : Cobet wisiies 
 to alter all the rest into con- 
 formity with the present pas- 
 sage, reailing everywhere Kav 
 {.Mine. Crit. p. 51'.»)."
 
 250 KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. [§§207-211. 
 
 2oS TLVL 7rpo<TTi/jbrjaT)T€, TovTov d(peiaOac. kol fj,r)v el^ 
 avTLKa hr) /j,a\,a Kpavy'qv aKovcracre Trpo? tm hiKa- 
 a-rrjpLw, en eliroi TL<i w? dveayKrat ro heajJbunrjpLov, ol 
 oe BeafMwrai <f>ev<yovaiv, ov8el<i ovre yepoov ovt 6x1- 
 'y(opo<{ ovTQ}<i^ oaTL<; ov'^l /Sorjdrjaeteu dv KaO' oaov 
 ovvaraL. el 8e Srj Ti<i e'liroi irapeXOcov co? o rovrovi 
 a^et?' ecTTLv ovroai, ovhe \6<yov tv)(oc)V evOv'i dv" 
 
 209 a7ra-)^6el<; Oavdrw ^rjfxtcodelr). vvv roivvv e^er', w 
 dvhpeq W.OrjvaloL, rovrov, 09 ov')(l XdOpa TreiroiriKe 
 TOVTo, dXXd <f)evaKtcra<i kuI 7rapaKpovcrdfjbevo<i^ 
 vojjLOv reOeLKe^ (f)avepcb<i, 09 ovk dvotyvvat to Beafxu)- 765 
 Trjpiov, aXXa Kadatpel, 7rpocr7repceiX7](f)e 8e koI rd 
 OLKacnrjpLa. t/? yap i} rovrcov i] eKelvcov ')(^pela, orav 
 ot? TeTLfJ,r]Tai heap-ov Xvoivrai, Kav to Xolttov ti/xt]- 
 (TTjTe Tcp, p.Tjhev v/jitv § irXeov ; 
 
 ' ei Tis et mox aKoixrai Bens, cum Fv, 
 
 ' add. iarlv Z Bekk. om. ZAflkrs Bens. 
 
 ' d^ieis Z Bekk. Illud 2 et Longin. ■*• av evdi/s Bl. 
 
 " add. {//jLcLs vulg. Bekk. Bens. Dind. y idyjKe Z cam S. 
 
 § 208. This appeal to the 6X17 wpos] ' indifferent.' The 
 
 imagination of his hearers has pseudo-Longinus gives these 
 
 been much admired by critics words as ovbdi ovtu^, oiire yipwv 
 
 ancient and modern, beginning oijre vio%, 6\lyup6s eanv : the 
 
 with the author of the treatise condensed expression of the 
 
 irepl vfovs, c. 15 §9 (ed. Weiske). text is much more forcible. 
 
 Kennedy has quoted his re- § 209. ^ere] ' you have him 
 
 marks from a French transla- in your power.' 
 
 tion : it may be as well to give (pevaKicras Kal Trapo/cpoua-d/xe- 
 
 the words of the original. Tt pos] § 194 n. 
 
 ouv 7) p7)TopiKT) (pavTaaia Ovvarai; irpo(jTrepiei\ri(j)€\ §§ 44 n., 83. 
 
 IloXXd fJ.iv taws Kai dWa rois X6- — irXeov, § 1.30 n. 
 
 yois iva.yihvi.a /cat epLiradr} irpoa- §§'210,211. You justly pride 
 
 fi(T<pipei' KaraKLpvaixivq jx^vtol yourselves on the fact that many 
 
 rah TTpay/xaTLKois einx^Lp-qaecnv, Greek states have adopted your 
 
 ov weideiTov uKpoarriv fidvov, aWa lajcs : and in the laws sensible 
 
 Kai dovXovrai. The writer then people look for the character of 
 
 quotes the entire section, pro- a state. You must take care not 
 
 bably from memory as there are to lose by remissness the distinc- 
 
 a few verbal differences. tion you now enjoy. You honour 
 
 avTiKa or] /xdXa] Androt. § 65 the authors of good legislation, 
 
 n. like Draco and Solon, even if
 
 p. 765.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 251 
 
 2 10 Xel roivvv v/jid<i KaKelvo crKoirelv, on ttoWoI r(ov 
 'KX\yjvQ}v 7roWdKi<; elcrlv iyp-7](f)ia/u,evoi roi^ vofjiOi^i 
 ■>(^prj(r0aL Toh vfJierepoi^;, i(j) w (juXorifxelad v/xel<i 
 €Ik6tq}<;' b yap elirelv Ttva (f)aaLv ev v/xtv, aXT^^e? 
 elvat fioi 8oK€L, on tou? v6p.ov<i cnravTe<i inreiXi]- 
 (f>a(Tiv, ocroL auxppovovcrt, Tp67rou<; rr]<; jroXeco^. xprj 
 roivvv (XTTOvhd^eLv oTra)? fw?^ ^eXna-roi ho^ovaiv elvac, 
 Kal Tov^ \vfjLaivo/j.evov^ Koi 8ia<JTpe(f)ovTa<} avTov<i 
 KoXd^etv, 0)9 el KarappaOvfi-qaere, Trj<i (pc\.onfj,ia<i re* 
 ravTT)^ (iTroaTeptjcreade kul Kara rfj^ vroXeo)? 86^av 
 
 211 01/ ■)(^pri<TT}]v Troirjaere. Kal fxijv el —oXcova Kal Apa- 
 Kovra SiKaLO)<i iiraLvelre, ovk av e-)(^ovTe^ elirelv ovhe- 
 Tepov KoLvov evepyerrjix ovSev 7rX7]v on (Tv/j-(f)epovTa^ 
 edrjKav Kal KaXw<; e-^ovTa<i vofxovi, BiKatov Sijirov Kal 
 Tot? vTrevavrlo)^ ndelcnv eKelvoc^ 6pyi\(o<; €')(ovTa'i 
 
 ' «s om. Bens. cuni. 2Fv. » om. Z Bekk. Bens, cum 2. 
 
 there is no other public service 
 that you can attribute to them: 
 a reason for punishing this man, 
 who legislates to abolish the 
 penalty that he is conscious of 
 having deserved. 
 
 § 210. ev v/uv] ' a saying in 
 this court that I have heard of,' 
 K. : but vfuu may be simply, as 
 it often is, the Athenian people 
 (§ 211 n.). 
 
 Toi'S \vtj.aivofi.^i'ovs Kal oiaarpi- 
 ipovTai] ' those who corrupt and 
 impair them.' 
 
 KaTa(>pif.Bvnri(T(T(] Rightly 
 
 given in L. and S. as an active 
 verb, ' lose or miss from care- 
 lessness:' not simply 'be weak 
 or careless' {fx/Ldti/xflv). Cf. i. 
 Phil. p. 42 § 7 Tot KaTtppq^tiu/xr]- 
 lUva -rrdXiv Xifjif/fffSf. Xen. Hell. 
 VI. 2 § '-i'J urire KaTapp(f.Ovtj.Cijv 
 fiyfTf Karaix^XQiv ipalvecrOai tirjbiv, 
 'spoiling nothing either by su- 
 pineness or carelessness ; ' an 
 
 interesting passage on the mi- 
 litary character of Iphicrates. 
 This sense of Kara in compounds 
 is discussed by Cobet, Xov. 
 Lect. p. 574 f. 
 
 (piXoTi/jiias] Androt. § 73 n. 
 
 § 211. oi^K ac ?x<"'''f5] ' Sub- 
 audi etiatnsi velitis s. siquis 
 vos interroget.' G. H. Schaefer. 
 This would in Greek be el [iov- 
 XoiaOe or d rts fpoiro : the par- 
 ticiple with dv if replaced by 
 a finite verb would be ovk av 
 ^XotTf. Madvig, Sytit. § 184. 
 
 vTr(i>avTlii)t...€Kcli'oii] 'in the 
 contrary spirit to theirs,' i.e. to 
 Draco and Solon, not ^Kflvon 
 Toh vo/j-ois. The two ancient 
 le^'islators are mentioned in 
 order of dignity, not of time. 
 The reading of 2, rtduinv, is 
 one of that copyist's ingenious 
 hliniders wliicb ought to protect 
 UH from dt.'hisionH concerning 
 him : as if the Athenians were
 
 252 KATA TIM0KPAT0T2. [% 211-214. 
 
 Kal Ko\d^ovTa<i ^aiveaOai. olha Se TL/jLOKpaTrjv, on 
 rov vofiov elaevr/vox^ rovrov ov')(^ rjKtcrd' virep avrov' 
 iroWd yap riyetro TroXireveadac Trap' v/ntv d^ca 
 heafjLov. 
 212 BofX,o/xat rolvvv vfjuv KciKetvo SirjyTjcraadai, 6 
 (f)aat, TTOT eiirelv l^okwva KarrjyopovvTa v6/jlov tu'o<; 
 OVK eTnrrjSecov Oevro^. Xeyerat yap rot? 8LKaarai<i 
 avrov eiirelv, eTrecSr] raXXa Karriyoprjcrev, on vofJbO'^ 
 ecrnv diraaaL'^ dx; eVo? eiirelv rah iroXecnv, idv n^ 
 TO vofj,icr/xa 8ia(f)0elpr], Odvarov rrjv ^rjfiLav elvai. 
 eirepwrrjcra'^ he el 8Uaio<i avToU Kal Ka\w<i eycov 6 
 
 not merely to be angry with, 
 but to punish the laws them- 
 selves and not the authors of 
 them ! 
 
 TToXXa 7ap...5ecr/xoD] 'for he 
 thought that many of his poli- 
 tical acts among you deserved 
 imprisonment.' These speeches 
 abound in expressions like Trap' 
 11^1?^, €v v/uup, appealing to the 
 consciousness of a free people, 
 by which the immediate hearers 
 are reminded that they repre- 
 sent their countrymen as a 
 body (above, §§ 11, 16, 25, 37, 
 89, 117). So at Rome. How 
 much the grand epitaph of Sci- 
 pio Barbatus gains in impres- 
 siveness by a similar touch: 
 ' Consol Censor Aidilis quel 
 fuit apud vos.' (Imitated in the 
 inscription written by Baron 
 Bunsen for Dr Arnold's monu- 
 ment at Rugby, ' Christum prae- 
 dicavit apud vos. ') 
 
 §§ 212—214. Apropos of So- 
 lon, I will tell you of a saying at- 
 tributed to him. He once asked 
 a jury if they thought it right 
 to punish a man toith death for 
 debasing the coin: ichen they 
 assented, he argued that cor- 
 rupting the law, the coinage of 
 
 the state, was a ivorse crime than 
 debasing money invented for the 
 private dealings of ordinary ci- 
 tizens (213). He added that 
 many states had debased their 
 coin and been none the worse for 
 it, but no people who suffered 
 their laws to be corrupted had 
 long escaped national decay 
 (214). 
 
 §212. aTracraLS... Tais TroXecnvl 
 This was true until recently of 
 modern civilised states: and 
 sometimes with aggravations of 
 the death penalty unknown to 
 the sensitive Athenians, In 
 England coining was not 'fe- 
 lony' but 'petty treason:' the 
 difference this made was that 
 men were drawn on a hurdle to 
 the gallows, women were burnt 
 at the stake. In France also, 
 before the Revolution, it is 
 stated that burning was the 
 punishment of coiners. 
 
 ijrepuTria-as] After X^yerai. 
 avTov elweiv we should expect 
 eTrepuTTjaavra, but the construc- 
 tion passes for a moment from 
 the oblique to the direct, to re- 
 turn immediately to the former 
 in €7ret57; (p7J(Tai...elTreii'.
 
 p. 766.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 253 
 
 213 vo/jLO'i (^alverai, €7rei8rj (pijcrai roi)? 8iKacrTd<;, elirelv jG^ 
 oTi ai/T09 rjyetrac dp'^fvpLov fiev vo/xia-fi eivaL twv 
 ISicov avvaWajfiaTcov eiveKa Toi<; l8tu)Tai<i evpTjfievov, 
 TOV'i 8e v6fjL0v<i [77701x0*^] vofiicTfia tt;? Tro/Vecu? ecvai. 
 Belv 8r] Toi)9 BLKacrTd<i ttoWm fxdWov, et Tt<? t?;? 
 TToXeco? icTTi vofiLcr/jia, rovro Biaipdeipei koI nrapdar]- 
 fxov ela(f)€p€i, fjLiaeiu Koi KoXd^eiv, rj et Ti? eKelv' 
 
 214 TOiV ISicarcov iarlv. irpocrOelvai, he reKfxi'jpLov rov 
 Kal fiei^ov elvai rdhiKr^fia \ro roifi vofiov^ SiacfiOelpeiv 
 57 TO dpyvpiov^ OTL dpyvpio) fjuev ttoWoX twv iroXecov 
 Kal (f)av€p(ij<: irpo^ )(^a\Kov Kal /xoXv/SSov KeKpafxevto 
 
 *• 7}ytLTa.i Bens. riyeiTo Skrsv. Uncis inch Bl, 
 
 iTrti5T] <f>7J<Tai] For iirel, eirei- 
 5tj with infin. iu oratio obliqua, 
 Madvig, Synt. § 163 : on rela- 
 tives in peueral with infin. ib. 
 § 109. The form of the Pla- 
 tonic dialogues, in which con- 
 versations are so often rejiorted 
 by one of the interlocutors, na- 
 turally lends itself to long-con- 
 tinued oblique construction : 
 among these the Symposium 
 affords, perhaps, the most strik- 
 ing examples. 
 
 § 213. ffvvaWay fidrui'] For 
 the distinction between avfi^d- 
 \aiov ffvvdWayixa and (xvvO-qKtj 
 see Kennedy in Diet. Antiq. 
 8. V. 'Symbolaeon :' cf. note on 
 ffwaWdTTeiv § 11)2. 
 
 Tots loiurrais eOprjfjL^foy] Sup- 
 posing this anecdote to be genu- 
 ine, we have here an illustra- 
 tion of the low estimate of 
 commerce in Greek life. But 
 on this it may be observed that 
 in the great days of Athens the 
 commercial spirit became much 
 more developed : and that So- 
 lon, who had himself dej^reci- 
 ated the coinage in the interest 
 of debtors, was not a good judge 
 
 of the importance of ' hard mo- 
 ney.' We know, however, that 
 his remedial legislation did not 
 fail of its object. The xP^'^" 
 dwoKoirai (§ 149 n.) were heard 
 of no more at Athens, the money 
 standard was never again de- 
 preciated, and the general feel- 
 ing was one of high respect for 
 the sanctity of contracts. Com- 
 pare Grote, ch. xi. (11. 310, ed. 
 1802). 
 
 § 214. <(>av€pC}S...KeKpafjJvif]] 
 The Greeks did not, like many 
 French kings and someEnglish, 
 secrethj alloy their silver coin 
 with base metal, and so render 
 it unavailable for foreign trade 
 while giving it a forced currency 
 at home. One hundred Solo- 
 nian drachmas contained no 
 more silver than 73 of the old: 
 but the change was effected by 
 reducing the size of the coin, 
 nut the ])urity of tlic metal. 
 The Athenian money was ever 
 after the best in (jreeco, and 
 nmch iu request tliroughout the 
 Hellenic world (Xen. de Vect. 
 3 § 2. Tlie 116/501, a work of 
 Xeuuphon's old age, is not far
 
 254 
 
 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§214-216. 
 
 - . 'X^poifjuevaL (TM^ovrac kuI ov8' otiovv irapa tovto ird- 
 a-^ovcrt, vo/j,oi<i 8e 7rov7]poi<; '^pwixevoi koI 8ia(f>9eL- 
 pecrOai Tov<i 6vTa<i icovre^ ov8ev€<; ttwitot iaooOTjcrav. 
 ravrrj fievTot rfj KarTjyopla Tt/xoKpaTr]<i evoy^o'; Kade- 
 
 CrT7]K€ VVVi, Koi ScKUlCO'i OLV Vcj)' VfXWV TOV irpoai^KOVTO'i 
 TV^Ol TifjL7]fJLaT0<i. 
 
 215 ^pv fJ-ev ovv iracnv 6pyLX(o<i €')(€tv, ocrot TLdeacri 
 vofxov<? al(T')(^pov^ Kal irovripov'^, fxaXicrra Se TovToi<i 01 
 rovi TOiovTov<i Tcov vofJLOiv 8La<p6€Lpovcrc, 8c wv ecrnv 
 Tj iJLtKpav i} ixeydXrjv eivai rrjv iroXiv. elal 8^ ovrot 
 TLvef ; 01 T6 Tov<i d8iKovvra^ ri/jLcopovfxevoL Kal oaoi 
 
 216 Tot? eTTLeiKecrt Tifxa^ TLvd<;° 8c86acnp. el yap ciiravre'^ 
 
 "^ TLvas om. Z Bekk. cum libris praeter Fv. v. not. 
 
 removed in date from the An- 
 drotionea of Demosthenes. We 
 are apt to forget the overlapping 
 of these two distinguished ca- 
 reers). 
 
 Xp^fJ-ivai. aii'^ovTaC] K. trans- 
 lates 'by openly using. ..saved 
 themselves from ruin.' I do 
 not think the bad money and 
 the escape from ruin stand to 
 one another in the relation of 
 cause and effect ; and prefer to 
 render, 'though they use. ..get 
 safe out of it : ' au^eadai is opp. 
 to dwoWvadai, and so nearly 
 = oi;5' OTiouv iraaxovaL. 
 
 ovMves ttwttot' ecrwdr/aav] ' no 
 state had escajjed decline. ' The 
 plural ovdeves appears to be al- 
 ways used, in prose, of aggre- 
 gates or bodies of men, never 
 of a plurality of individuals. 
 See a good note of Shilleto's on 
 Fals. Leg. p. 362 § 66 = 74 toi- 
 avra TrewovObras ola ov5eves d'XXoi. 
 Twv "EiW-qvbJv (which he trans- 
 lates 'no other nation'), ib. 
 p. 350 § 31 = 35 oi'Oevas wp^a^eis 
 I. Aphob. p. 815 § 7 rQv irdnroT' 
 eTTiTpoTrevffdvTUP oiid^ves (' no sets 
 
 of ambassadors, guardians '). 
 A somewhat doubtful instance 
 to the contrary is in Hyperid. 
 Epitaph, col. 13, 22 ovoevas oii- 
 Tws OLKeiovs ovde WLcrTOTepovs vixlv 
 of Harmodius and Aristogiton. 
 In poetry the meaning is less 
 restricted: Eur. Androm. 700 
 oVres oi'5ej'ej= 'being nobodies.' 
 
 g§ 215—217. All authors of 
 had legislation ought to be pun- 
 ished, and that in proportion to 
 the importance of the laws they 
 corrupt. The most important 
 laics are those which punish 
 xcrong-doers and confer certain 
 distinctions on the well-conduct- 
 ed. If all Athenians ^ lived up 
 to ' our existing hncs, what would 
 not Athens be, ^cith her vast ma- 
 terial resources (216) ? If on the 
 other hand ice suffered the laws 
 to become as bad as Timocrates 
 would make them, twice those re- 
 sources icould be useless for any 
 great purpose. 
 
 § 215. ot' wu ^cTTLv] ' upon 
 which it depends whether ' &c. 
 
 Tois emet\-e<7t...5t56a(TU'] The 
 reading of Z Tifid.% rti/ds is right-
 
 p. 767.] KATA TIMOKPATOTS. 
 
 255 
 
 TrpoOvfxrjOelev iroielv d'yadov ri to kolvov, ra^ ri/j,d<; 
 Koi Td<; Scopeid^; Td<; virep tovtcov ^ifKooaavre'i, Kal 
 irdvre<i aTrocrralev rov KaKovpyelu [?; KaKov tl Trpdr- 
 reivY', Ta9 ^\d^a<; Kal ra? ^r]/j,ia<; Td<; eVt TovTOt<i 
 Keifj,eva<: <^oj3ri6^vre<;, eaO' 6 tl KcoXvei tjjv ttoXiv 
 fieyiaTrjv etvai ; ov rpLrjpet^ oaa<; ovheixi dWrj TrdXt? 
 'EXXt/i/I? K€KTrjTaL ; oi);^ OTrXira^; ; ov-^ I'mrea'i ; ov 
 7rpoa6Bov<; ; ov tottov^, ov \t/ji6va<; ; ravra Se^ iravra y6j 
 
 ^ Sine uncis Z Bens. Bl. 
 Toiroi/s vulgo et Bekk. Dind. Illud 2 Bens. Bl. 
 
 f 5rj Bens, cum 2. 
 
 ly accepted by Dindorf, Ben- 
 seler and Blass. That the laws 
 ought to reward virtue is a pla- 
 titude, and at the same time a 
 verj- doubtful proposition : that 
 thej' ought ' to confer certain 
 distinctions on the law-abiding' 
 is more detiuite and less open 
 to dispute. — ^TTut/crjs nearly = 
 fUrpios, Androt. § 25 n. 
 
 § 216. ^i}\iL'(TavTes] ' through 
 striving zealously after;' or as 
 K. 'from an ambition to win.' 
 Cf . Lept. p. 500 § 14 tout' iarl 
 TO iinTr)Oevixa ^-rfKovvrwv dpiT-qv. 
 ib. p. 504 § 154 ras iirl rah 
 evfpyfffiais doipda ^TjXwcravres. 
 The latter passage, occumug in 
 the peroration of the Leptinea, 
 bears a close resemblance to this 
 and the preceding section. 
 
 Tj KaKbv TL iTpa.TTuv\ Rciske 
 was the first to bracket these 
 words, and has been followed 
 by nearly all editors. Benseler 
 alone justitieH the tautology on 
 the ground that KaKovp-^uv bears 
 a technical meaning, ' to commit 
 a felony' (such as murder and 
 the more serious cases of rob- 
 bery, whicli were capitally pun- 
 ished, Androt. § 20 n.), while 
 KaKbv Tl irpaTTuv ( = ^^afiaprdvitv 
 Androt. § 41) is aj)pli(<l to slight- 
 er offences. But out of a mul- 
 
 titude of references he has not 
 produced a single instance of 
 KaKbv Tl TrpcLTTeiv for iroieiv or 
 (more commonly) ipyd^'ecrBai. 
 The parallel passage just noted 
 (Lept. § 154) has KaKbv tl iroLiLv 
 without KaKovpyeLv, whence the 
 text has probably been patched. 
 
 Tbtrov] The common reading 
 is TOTTOus, which no doubt may 
 be explained as = xw/)la, forti- 
 fied places or military posts. 
 S alone reads Tbvov, 'a com- 
 manding position. ' There is a 
 close parallel in rv. Phil. p. 
 1.35 § 10 tQiv 5' 'Adrivaioiv Xi- 
 fxivuv ... Kal ToaoiTwv irpoffbduv 
 Kai Tbrrov Kai So^tjs. That speech 
 is now universally admitted to 
 be a fabrication : but among 
 the genuine works we find i. 
 Phil. p. 48 § 31 Tbv t6itov T^y 
 XL^pas irpbs ■^v woXt/xdre : Fals. 
 Leg. p. 307 § 84 = 95 tV dirb 
 toO tottov Kal tCjv irpayfidTcjv 
 avTLov vTrdpxovijav dcr<pd\eiav ttJ 
 TToXei. Id. p. 413 § 230 = 255 
 o\ov TOTTOV Kal nXflv rj /xvplovs 
 6Tr\lTai...6irws alxfJ-dXuToi yi- 
 vwvTaL^L\linrLi) <rviJiwap(JK(va<T(v. 
 The usage of Demosth. is thus 
 clearly in favour of 2. 
 
 raOra 5^] In an interroga- 
 tive sentence this is preferable to 
 TavTu 5i) (see various readings).
 
 256 KATA TIMOKPATOTS. [§§217,218. 
 
 Tb (7(t)^ec Kol (Twe-^et ; ol v6/j,oc' Kara yap tovtov? 
 ovcrrj'i T?}? TToXcTeia'i ecnt ravra^ 'y^pijai/jua rq) kolvw, 
 
 21"] el he TovvavTLov yevoiro rot? ^pT^crrot? /xev /xrjS^ otl- 
 ovv irkeov, rot? 8' dScKovcnv dSec oarjv TL/jLOKpdrr)<i 
 yeypai^ev, ttoctt] rapa'^rj yevoiT av eLK6Ta><i ; ev yap 
 lad ore TovTcov (Sv hie^rjXOov KTrj/jiaTcov, ovS' el SI? 
 yevoiff" oaa vvv iariv, oi/S' ortovv av 6(j)€\o<i etr], 
 0UT09 Tocvvv ev tovtq) Tft) vofio) (^alveTac KaK(io<; eiri- 
 'X^etpwv vfjid'i irotelv, Sc ov toi<; dStKelv e7rc')(^eipovcrLv 
 elalv al ri/uLcopLat. 
 
 2i8 TlavTcov ovv elveKa roov elprj/xevcov d^iov opyi- 
 crOfjvac Kal KoXdcrat kol irapaSeiy/xa TToirjcraL^ rot'? 
 dXX.0L<;' (w? TO 7rpd(o<; e'X^eiv tol<; Toiovroi<;, Kal Kara- 
 ylrrjcfji^eaOai, /xev, oXlyov Be rifjidv, edc^eiv Kal irpoSi- 
 SdaKeLV ecTT dSiKeiv v[xd<; q)<; TrXeicrrovi. 
 
 8 iarlv TO. TOLavTa Bl. '' add. tovtov Bekk. Dind. Bl. 
 
 § 217. aSeia offrjv TifjL0KpdT7]s vo/xuv, justifies the rendering 
 
 yiypa(f)€p] ' as complete impu- given above, and is in other 
 
 nity as T. has provided' by his respects highly ijrobable. N 
 
 law. expressed by a line above the 
 
 ev yap 'lad'' Srt] K. takes i'cn-e preceding vowel has often dropt 
 
 as imperative, Benseler as in- out : cf. Cobet, Nov. Led. p. 
 
 dicative. I think the former is 530 f. Another simple remedy 
 
 right. ^ is, with Weil, to bracket ry 
 
 ev TorjTip T(^ voficfi] These vitxui. 
 
 words, unless the text is cor- (paiverai iirLx^Lpuiv'] 'it is 
 
 rupt, must be explained as by shewn that the defendant is at- 
 
 Kennedy and Benseler, ' in that tempting ' K. ' Offenbar un- 
 
 department of law which pro- ternimmt es dieser Mensch ' 
 
 vides for the punishment of cri- Benseler. Cf. Androt. § 21 n. 
 minals,' 'grade in dem Puukte § 218. Final appeal to the 
 
 zu schwiichen, wonach es Stra- jimj, not merely to convict hut 
 
 fen giebt.' They would natu- to aivard exemplary punishment. 
 rally refer, however, to the law irapdoeLyna TroiTjo-at] See va- 
 
 of Timocrates: and the older rious readings. It is as easy 
 
 scholars have proposed various to supply from the context an 
 
 bold emendations to make them accus. after iroLrjaai as a dative 
 
 do so: oi^K eialv Lambinus, a- after opytadrivai.: and Benseler 
 
 KvpoL elalv Jurinus, <ppovOoi elcrlv may be right in omitting tovtov. 
 Eeiske. The very slight cor- 6X1701; 5^ Ti/ndv] Like deafiov 
 
 rection of Sauppe, ev tovtcji tuv ri/xav § 39 and elsewhere.
 
 GEEEK INDEX. 
 
 The figures refer to the Sections. 
 
 A. 
 
 a^iwTos, T. lil 
 ayopa, A. 77, 103 
 dyopavd/xoi, T. 112 
 dOfia, A. -I'i, T. 46 
 dSwoTos, T. 135 
 ai(Txpoii^poeia or -ta, T. 195 
 airiaf ^x^i.v, alriiffdai, T. 187 
 a.Kiva.K-q's, T. 129 
 aXiffKonai, A. 53, T. 77 
 dWa vr) Aia, A. 69 
 du(popi<TKOs, A. 76 
 dva7Ka(0S, (n/77e;'7;s, T. 07 
 dfaypdfpeiv, T. 5, 23, 42 
 d;'d5ixos, T. I'Jl 
 dvd6T)tia, of a temple, A. 76 
 dfap.ifjLvri<XK(iv Tivd ti, T. 12 
 dfanvdii', A. 10, T. 13 
 di>i<JX^tJ-'')v, rjfeaxOfxrii', A. 68 
 dvdpUTTOS, 7), A. 56 
 
 ifTiypa<peis, A. 38 
 dfTiSiaaroX?; (late Greek) A. Arg. 
 (Lit ay (oyi), A. 26 
 drraWdTTeii', T. 37 
 dTra/Tdc tVt ti, T. 193 
 
 ".TTttpOKoXoS, A. 75 
 
 uTrXiif, A. 20 
 drro, parox., T. 6 
 dTro;iyvw<TKeLf, A. 39 
 diroypd(P(iv, diroyparpij, A. 53 
 d7r60(KTai, T. 161 
 dwobix^aOai, A. 19 
 dwoXoylcracrOai, T. 108 
 d7ro\i''(tv, T. 13 
 dTTOTf.iirfaOai, T. 1, 104, 200 
 diroxii-pOTOvciv, T. 12 
 dirpoPov\(iiTov, A. 5 
 ippTjra, dirdpprira, A. 61 
 dpx"'"^! TaXaids, A. 14 
 
 W. I). 
 
 dpxeiv, &px€(r6ai, T. 42 
 dcrelSeLa, A. 27 
 dffeXyTjy, A. 52 
 darpareia, T. 103 
 da-Twd/j-oi, T. 112 
 dcrx'Ol^oveiv, A. 53 
 dri';)^e£i', driix^a, A. 55 
 avTLKa dr] /xdXa, A. 65 
 
 B. 
 
 /3aa-(Xei)s (archon), A. Arg. 27 
 ^ovXevTiKoi v6/xot, T. 20 
 
 1\ 
 
 ypwpifios, A. 13 
 
 yvupl/xus, T. 68 
 
 ypd<peLv, ypd<pecOai, A, 26 ff. 
 
 ypacpTj, A. 26 
 
 yvfwdcna, T. 114 
 
 A. 
 Seti/is, A. 25 
 — eiiretv, A. 31 
 
 5€KdTT7, T. 120 
 
 S^w (bind) contracted, A. 68 
 drjuiOeLP, A. 53 
 brip.i)cnos, A. 70 
 5id and t'^ confiased, A. 8 
 SiA /j.iKpin' dpyvpiov, T. 201 
 5t' (auroD i'xf"', A. 38 
 5ta5t\a(Tt'o, T. 13 
 SidSwis, T. 139 
 5iatrjjr7)s, A. 27 f. 
 BiaKpovcffOai, T. 132 
 otdXwti, T. 139 
 diiyyi'/rjaii, T. 73 
 SifXtlv, difX^aOui, T. 19 
 diKaia, iroiuv rd, T. 52 
 diKaoTTft Kara Srifioi's, T. 112 
 
 17
 
 258 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 dlKT], A. 26 
 
 dioiKew, dioiK-nffii, T. 27, 28, 99 
 
 diopii-eadat, T. 192 
 
 E. 
 
 id\ii}Ka, i]\ii}Ka, T. 77 
 eyypdfpeiv, T. 199 
 ^yypatpos, T. Arg. 
 iyyvav, eyyvdadaL, A. 53 
 ^rt;/ for ^fwi^, T. 7 
 e(?ds, A. :-57 
 ft with ai-, T. 154 
 
 — with ov, A. 18, 24, T. 53 
 el with subj., T. 39 
 
 — = oTc, T. 32 
 elKOTa, A. 22 f. 
 eiXiji/'ai, T. 49 
 elaayyeXiav, T. 63 
 
 eladyeiv, eicrayuyij, elcrayibyifios, 
 
 T. 10 
 el'(77rpa|ts, eiffTrpaTreiv, A. 44 
 ei's ToDro with gen., A. 16 
 eiacpopd remodelled, A. 44, 48 : 
 
 classes of, A. 61 
 eTcSi^eti', T. 204 
 e/ce? = t6t€, A. 38 
 iKddvaL, T. 18, 23, 36 
 
 eKKOTTTeiV, T. 140 
 
 eKXiyovres, iK\oye2s, A. 48, T. 40 
 
 eKViTTTeLV, A. 1 
 
 e\eov iroieiadaL, T. Ill 
 
 ep.avTbv ireldw, T. 6 
 
 e/x^dWiiv, intrude, T. 103 
 
 €v interchanged with ewl, A. 69 
 
 ivdTrj irpvTavda, T. 15, 39, 40 
 
 ivdeiKviivai, A, 33 
 
 I'j'Set^ts, A. 26 
 
 eVSexa, oi, A. 49 
 
 'ivEKa, T. 65 
 
 evexvpdi^eiv, A. 56 
 
 ^;/oxos, A. 69 
 
 e| and did confused, A. 8 
 
 i^ayuyrj, T. 203 
 
 e^eyyvrjffis, T. 73 
 
 e^erd-geadai, A. 66, T. 6, 173 
 
 e^ovaia ' license,' T. 205 
 
 iopaKa, eupaKa, A. 14 
 
 eiralTLa, T. 105 
 
 iiretTa without ok after irpuiTov 
 
 Hiv, A. 17 
 eVt 'after,' A. 17 
 
 eiTLypdipaL, T. 42 
 iirieiKrji, A. 40 
 e7ri//,eX?jTr)s, A. 63 
 eTTttTA.'ei'dj'eti', A. 69 
 fTnaTarrjs, A. 9 
 
 iTTLTifllOV, T. 115 
 
 eiTLXiiporovla, T. 20 
 
 epyoXa^elu, A. 49 
 
 'ipxofxai., Attic forms in use. 
 
 T. 10 
 ^cTTti' a, A. 10 
 
 €Ta'l.pT](7LS, A. 21 
 
 ei^^^eta, A. 78, T. 52 
 eC^wa, T. 54 
 ^(Peffis, T. 54 
 i(priyt]aL%, A. 26 
 
 Z. 
 
 j-^Xos, A. 73 
 
 gT]TT]Tal, T. 11 
 
 H. 
 
 rjdds, A. 37 
 ifKLd'^tadai., T. 50 
 T^XiaariKos opKos, T. 149 
 ^\(Voj, T. 122 
 
 e. 
 
 Oarepa = /co^a, A. 12 
 deoicrexdpia, A. 59 
 6l7?/3:'of, T. 143 
 
 ISitliTvs, A. 25, 37 
 iepofXTjvia, T. 29 
 iepOfJ.vri/MO}v, T. 150 
 iKSTTjpia, T. 12 
 tfttc. indie, A. 21, 28, T, 48 
 
 K, 
 
 /cat and 5e with verb between, 
 
 A. 33 
 KaKOTex'''-^f Slktj, T. 54 
 KoXbs KayaObs, A. 32 
 /card, ' applying to,' T. 59 
 
 — pleonastic, T. 32 
 
 — in compounds, T. 210 
 Karadveadai., A. 74 
 Karafiifxcpfcrdai, A. 27 
 KarappadvixeLv, T. 210 
 KaracKevd'^tLv, A. 2
 
 INDEX. 
 
 259 
 
 /care'xf"', A. 49 
 
 KTJpV^, T. 150 
 
 KXrjeLv, KXeleiv, A. 13 
 KoXd^eiu, futures of, A. 39 
 Ko\aK€veiv, T. 203 
 KoWvrbs, KoXvTrbs, T. 134 
 Kfjivuv = KaTaKpiviiv, T. 134 
 Kp6i'to, T. 26 
 KvaiiiveaOai, T. 150 
 
 A. 
 
 \iyeiv oMideiav, A. 6 
 \LTro<TTpaTiov ypa<f>T], T. 103 
 XiiroTa^iov ypa(pri, T. 103 
 XoyoTToibs, T. 15 
 \u3irodvTTis, T. 204 
 
 M. 
 
 jne^' i]ij.ipav, T. 113 
 
 fiiWu}, constnictious of, T. 207 
 
 fierd, of a condition, T. 76 
 
 p-fTpioi, A. 25 
 
 fxr) tI ye, A. 45 
 
 'ilvppi.vom, 'MvppLvovTTa, T. 71 
 
 N. 
 
 NiAc??, T. 121 
 vopLodirai, T. 21 
 TOMos, T. 27, 33, 157 
 
 ^evla, T. 131 f. 
 
 0. 
 
 otKijfui, T. 131 
 
 otoa-rrep, attracted, A. 04, 77, 
 
 T. 185 
 (5Xt7o<7T6y, T. 190 
 6\lyov ou, T. 195 
 6fjuI)fJiOna-i, A. 4 
 'OiriaOi^oo/jLOi, T. 130 
 opo^oi, A. 15 
 3poj, A. 10 
 ocroi firjuti, T. 141 
 o() after cl, A. 18, 24, T. 53 
 o6 ixr]i> dXXa, A. 37 
 odd' Slv (I, A. 45 
 oi/S^;-*?, T. 214 
 o^Af iaf, A. 8 
 6(t>ti\fi.v, 6>p\uv, A. 34, T. 50 
 
 ir. 
 
 Trade IV rj diroTetaai, T. 63 
 
 TraXatoj, dpxatoj, A. 14 
 
 Trapd expressing proportion, A. 
 
 44 
 Trap' iavTod, 'out of his own 
 
 pocket,' A. 45, 48 
 Trapd jjLLKpbv, Trap' oXlyai \f/T^tpovs, 
 
 of a narrow majority, A. 3. 
 
 T. 138 
 Trapa^adrjuai, irapa^e^dadai, A. 
 
 Arg. 
 wapd^vcTTov, T. 47 
 7rapd7€i;', A. 4 
 
 Trapaypd(peiv, irapaypa(pr], A. 34 
 TrapaSO^'at, A. 48 
 Trapd/cpoiwis, T. 191 
 Trapairpea^eveiv or -eaOai, T. 127 
 Trapacr/feudfeti', A. 69 
 irapeSpeveLv, T. 21 
 TrapearriKdres (prfTopes), A. 37 
 Trap^arricrav — evi.Kr]9r]crav, A. 15 
 irapoivtlv, A. 62 
 TrarpaXoias, T. 102 
 lletpaiiis, ot eV, T. 134 
 Treiaofiai. ambiguous, T. 149 
 Trep,wTou fJ.^poi, T. 7 
 irivTe rifxirdXavra, A. 17 
 TrevreTijpls, irevTaeTrjpU, T. 125 
 iricTTis, 'proof,' A. 22 
 TrXeiv for irXiov, T. 141 
 
 TTodoKdKKr], T. 105 
 
 TroXtreta, A. 30 
 TToXXoo-ris, T. 196 
 TToXXoO 5er. T. 195 
 ■Kop-irela, A. 48 
 Trpa$ty...er(rTrpa^is, ' exaction,' A. 
 
 40 
 Trpe(r^£UTat...Trp^(r/3e£S, T. 12 
 irpodywu, irpoaywu, A. 59 
 TTpoaiptiaOai, T. '200 
 irpofidXXtaOai, T. 100 
 TrpoSoat'a, T. 127 
 irpdeopoi, 7rpoe5peveii>, A. 9, T. 21 
 irpoevTTopuaOai, T. 97 
 irpoucrOai, A. 37 
 TTpos, adverbial, A. 75 
 TTpoffayuytvi, T. 101 
 irpofftvTTopuaOat, T. 97 
 irpofflejOat, T. Lift 
 irpoffKo.TdfiXr^p.a, T. 97
 
 260 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 irpocrodos, ' access,' T. 48 
 irpoairepiXafxjSdveLV, T. 44 
 TrpoaTLfiav, wpoaTiiJ,rifj.a, T. 2, 103 
 TrpoaTpi^effdai, A. 75 
 wpocrcpipeadaL, A. 69 
 TTpoax^^va.'^ei.y or -rrpoaeKyX. T. 15 
 irpoxapoToveiv, T. 11 
 
 P. 
 
 pq.dLov TTpdyfia, A. 42 
 
 S. 
 
 (TKevr), T. 114 
 
 (SK€vrj (pipeiv, crKevo(popelv, A. 56 
 
 (JKlpO(pOpLWV, T. 15 
 
 (TTdcrts (rbetorical), A. Arg. 
 (n;-y-y6i'?ys, dvaY/caFos, T. 67 
 (xOXa, trOXat, T. Arg. 
 <T{,v5^K0L, T. 23 
 a{,ve5poL, T. 127 
 avvepelv, tenses of, A. 38 
 avveaTrjKOTes (prjTOpes), A. 37 
 crwTj^opoi, T. 23 
 (rv(TKev6.^eiv, T. 206 
 crXoXafeif Ti^t or iv Tivi, A. 4 
 ffi^^eLv, A. 64 
 (TtDs monosyll., T. 106 
 
 T. 
 
 rauias, A. 35, 70 
 
 ra/jueveiv, T. 129 
 
 rd^is, T. 46 
 
 ravTov, ToiovTov, tcctovtov neuter, 
 
 A. 2, 75, T. 183 
 TeKfirjpiov, A. 22 
 
 TETTapCLKOVTa, ol, T. 112 
 
 rry;/ dpxw = ^pxV) adverbial, A. 
 
 5, 32 
 TrfViKavra, T. 77 
 Ti/xwpia, T. 87 
 
 ThiroL, t6vos, T. 216 
 
 ToO /X7J omitted with infin., T. 61 
 
 TpnjpoTTOiol, A. 17 
 
 TpOTTOS, A. 8 
 
 £/^/3ts, C/3pews ypa<pT], A. 54 
 inre prune pos, T. 97 
 VTnjpeTrjs, T. 14 
 VTroXafxpdpeiv, A. 4 
 vTrowiTTTew (late Greek), A. Arg. 
 
 4>. 
 
 .jiaOXos, A. 12, T. 85 
 ^evaKij"eiv,constructionsof,A. 84 
 (pevaKia/J-bs, T. 194 
 (pddviLv, T. 143 
 (pidXi], A. 69 
 (piKoTifjIa, A. 73 
 <p\avpos, A. 12, T. 158 
 #i'X^s, 01 d7r6, T. 134 
 
 X. 
 
 X^pvLfiov, xep""/'! A. 78 
 Xoti/iKi'Ses, A. 72 
 XPV/^aTiieiv, T. 21, 29, 55 
 XPVM-c-''''-ii(>'0o-h T. 201 
 XPWTbs, T. 53 
 
 ip€v5o/iiapTvpi,C>v diKij, T. 131 
 V'aXos X670S, A. 22 
 
 fi. 
 
 (^'ero Se?;/, ironical, A. 32 
 ulvioi, A. 15 
 cSTrrat, T. 66 
 U(pXe x'Xt'as, T. 7
 
 ENGLISH INDEX. 
 
 The figures refer to the Sections. 
 
 A. 
 
 Academy, T. 114 
 accusative, double, T. 12, 198 
 alternative penalty proposed by 
 
 defendant, T. 138 
 ambassadors, rarely single, T. 
 
 138 
 ambiguities avoided in laws, T. 
 
 34 
 antithesis, examples of, A. 56, 
 
 T. 128 
 aorist, rendered as a present, T. 
 
 206 
 
 — and perfect confused in late 
 Greek, A. Arg. 
 
 apologies for alluding to mis- 
 fortunes, A. 55, 62, T. 182, 
 200 
 
 Archinus, T. 135 
 
 Aristoplion, T. 11 
 
 atimia, when inherited, A. 34 
 
 attraction of nominative, T. 73 
 
 — unusual, A. 04, 77, T. 185 
 
 B. 
 
 Badham, Dr. C, quoted, A. 25 
 
 Bentley quoted, A. 12 
 
 blending of two modes of ex- 
 pression, A. 1, 17, 20, 35 
 
 blinding abhorrent to Greek 
 manners, T. 140 
 
 C. 
 
 Caillemer, Prof. E. quoted, A. 
 
 27, T. 112 
 CallistratuB, orator, A. 06, T. 
 
 135 
 
 Campbell, Prof. L., on Sopho- 
 cles, quoted, T. 32, 39 
 
 checking-clerks, A. 38 
 
 citizens, number of Athenian, 
 A. 35 
 
 clannishness of ancient life, T. 
 67 
 
 clap-trap, T. 37 
 
 Cleon, T. 126 
 
 coin, debasement of, in France 
 and England, T. 213 
 
 — excellence of Athenian, ibiiL 
 coining, punishment of false, T. 
 
 212 
 commerce, hazardous nature of, 
 A. 37 
 
 — low estimate of, T. 213 
 contractions, exceptional (in 
 
 verbs), A. 68; (in nouns), T. 
 138 
 
 Cope, E. M. (On Aristotle's 
 Rhetoric) quoted, A. 22, T. 
 73 
 
 Corcyra, politics of, T. Mil, 202 
 
 corrupt passages, A. 20, 07, 74, 
 T. 171, 187, 217 
 
 cross-examination little prac- 
 tised, A. 23, 47 
 
 CurtiuH, Prof. G., A. 15, 64 
 
 Cynosargcs, T. 114 
 
 D. 
 
 daric, value of, T. 129 
 dative of the agent, T. 187 
 Dawes's canon, T. 55, 107 
 debtors, state, T. 96 
 Decelea, A. 15, T. 128
 
 262 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 deficits, A. 48, T. 79, 97 
 Diaetetae, two kinds of, A. 27 
 — number of, ibid. 
 dicasteries, composition of, T. 9 
 dishonesty, proneness to, A. 48, 
 
 T. 79 
 distraint at Athens, A. 56, T. 
 
 197 
 district judges, T. 112 
 distrust of public men, T. 193 
 Dobree's Adversaria, quoted, A. 
 
 4, 8, 42, 59, 74, T. 42, 47, 
 
 102, 137 
 
 E. 
 
 Egypt at war with Persia, T. 12 
 
 Eleven, powers of the, T. 63 
 
 emendations proposed, T. 37, 
 141 
 
 enacting clauses in Greek and 
 Latin, T. 20 
 
 euallage of dual, T. 9 
 
 epanadiplosis, A. 78 
 
 Epistates, T. 21 ; two kinds of, 
 ibid. 
 
 Eponymi, T, 18 
 
 Euboea, relief of, A. 14 
 
 Eucleides, archonship of, T. 42, 
 133 
 
 Eumolpidae, A. 27 
 
 Evander (archon), T. 42, 138 
 
 exclusiveness of Athenian de- 
 mocracy, A. 48, T. 103 
 
 F. 
 
 final conjunctions with i)ast 
 
 tenses of indie, A. 21, 28, T. 
 
 48 
 foreign marriages forbidden, A. 
 
 3, T. 203 
 forfeitures, various, T. 45 
 frivolous accusations, penalty 
 
 for, A. 3, T. 7 
 futurum exactum (paulo post 
 
 futurum), T. 85 
 
 G. 
 
 Gallenga, Mr, quoted, T. 78 
 genitive after ds toito, A. 16 
 — of final cause, T. 36 
 
 genitive of price after Tifiav, T. 
 
 39, 218 
 Glauketes, T. 128 
 Grands Jours (extraordinary 
 
 assizes), T. 76 
 Gymnasia, public and private, 
 
 T. 114 
 
 H. 
 
 Hager, Dr. Herman, on Eisan- 
 
 gelia, T. 63 
 Harpocration, quoted, A. Arg. A. 
 
 20, 26, 30, 38, 48, 66, 78, T. 
 
 37, 50, 126, 134, 158 
 heUastic oath, T. 21, 58, 149 ff. 
 hiatus, A. 31, T. 55, 72, 183 
 Hypereides on Athenian juries, 
 
 T. 175 
 
 imperfect, infinitive and parti- 
 ciple, A. 25, 41, T. 7, 202 
 
 impiety, prosecutions for, A. 27 
 
 impoverishment of Athenian 
 exchequer, period of, A. 48 
 
 imprisonment, limits of, A. 27 
 
 inconsistent laws, T. 32 — 35 
 
 indeclinable use of ttX^ov and 
 iXaTTov, T. 141 
 
 indicative interchanged with 
 optative, A. 36, 66 
 
 indifference to human life, A. 
 48, T. 125 
 
 infinitive of the perfect, T. 60, 
 84, 115, 203 
 
 ingratitude to sons of great 
 men, T. 127 
 
 inscriptions quoted, A. 27, 64, 
 T. 11, 134, 150 
 
 ironical use of 4^to Selv, A. 22, 
 56, 63 ; of -fj^iwaev, T. 65 
 
 Isocrates, imitated by Demo- 
 sthenes, T. 46 
 
 Jebb, Prof. E. C, quoted, A. 26, 
 
 T. 72, 103, 138 
 juries, numbers of, T. 9 
 juries, attitude of counsel to- 
 wards, A. 11, 42, T. 75, 175
 
 INDEX. 
 
 263 
 
 K. 
 Kronia, festival of, T. 26 
 
 Laches, T. 126 
 
 laws, new, exhibited in writing, 
 
 T. 18 
 legal language, archaisms in, 
 
 T. 39, 42 
 license of invective at Athens 
 
 and Rome, T. 143 
 Liv\-, quoted, T. 75 
 Lobeck on Soph. Ajax quoted, 
 
 T. 6 
 
 — on Phrynichus quoted, T. 
 125, 207 
 
 Locri, laws of Zaleucus at, T. 
 
 139 fif. 
 Longinus (or pseudo-Longinus) 
 
 irepi ils/'oi's, quoted, T. 208 
 Lord Campbell's Act (law of 
 
 libel). A. 02 
 Lyceum, T. 114 
 
 Mahafifv, Prof. J. P. , quoted, A. 
 35, 48, 54, 78, T. 79, 125, 136 
 majority, age of, T. 151 
 Manzoni, I'romesui Sposi, T. 76 
 Mausolus, T. 12 
 Melanopus, T. 126 f. 
 military offences, T. 103 
 
 N. 
 
 Naucratis, T. 11 
 
 NausinicuB, changes in the 
 
 archonship of, A. 44 
 negative after verbs of thinking, 
 
 T. 72 
 Nomothetae, T. 21 
 
 — numbers of, T. 27 
 
 O. 
 
 oligarcliical inHoienco, T. 76 
 Olynipieion long unlinishcd, A. 
 
 76 
 Oriental mind, resemblance to, 
 
 T. 128 
 
 — contrasts to, A. 75, T. MO 
 
 P. 
 
 Paley, Prof. F. A., quoted, A. 
 
 17, 38, 62, T. Ill 
 Panathenaea, T. 26 
 Parthenon, date of, A. 13 
 
 — treasury of, T. 136 
 perfect and aorist confused in 
 
 late Greek, A. Arg. 
 perfect passive, doubtful forms 
 of, A. 4, T. 175 
 
 — with dat. of agent, T. 187 
 Perrot, Mons. G., quoted, A. 27, 
 
 T. 149 
 personal dignity, T. 112 
 Plato's Laws, T. 112 
 political economy, T. 136 
 prisoners released on parole, A. 
 
 68, T. 125 
 priviletjia, T. 18, 59, 60 
 procedure, Attic, A. 26 
 Proedri, T. 21 
 
 pronouns, change of, T. 122, 198 
 pronunciation, modern Greek, 
 
 T. 85, 171 
 Propylaea, date of, A. 13 
 prosecutions of orators and 
 
 generals, A. 66 
 prytanies, how arranged, A. Arg. 
 prytany, ninth, T. 15, 40, 87 
 putting questions to the vote, 
 
 responsibility for, A. 9, T. 50 
 
 Q- 
 
 quantity of a in a\i(TKOfjLai, T. 77 
 Quintilian referred to, A. Arg. 
 A. 56 
 
 R. 
 
 relative with infin. in orat. obi., 
 
 T. 212 
 rc'iH-'aling statutes, T. 32 
 restitutions, twofold or tenfold, 
 
 T. H2, 1(15, Hi 
 restored democracy, ciiaracteris- 
 
 ticH of, T. 151. See also 
 
 Kucleides. 
 retroHiH-'ctive legislation, T. 42 
 
 II., 57 f. 
 reveugo, Greek view of, A. 3
 
 264 
 
 IXDEX. 
 
 revolutionary times, characte- 
 ristics of, T. 149 
 
 Kutherford's New Phryniclius 
 quoted, A. 4, T. 125, 129 
 
 S. 
 
 Sciinte Ampoule, T. 129 
 
 Sandys, Dr. J. E., quoted, A. 3, 
 26, 38, 59, 02, 66, 75, T. 72, 
 111, 114, 160, 199 
 
 Sauppe, Prof. Hermann, conjec- 
 tures by, T. Ill, 139, 217 
 
 Scipio Barbatus, epitaph of, T. 
 211 
 
 self - respect, Demosthenes' 
 growth in, T. 78 
 
 Shilleto, E., on de Falsa Lega- 
 tione, quoted, A. 12, 14, 34, 
 37, 40, 62, 68, T. 21, 07, 82, 
 111, 132, 157, 214 
 
 Smith, P. Vernon, English In- 
 stitutions, A. 62 
 
 Solon, A. 25, 30, T. 103, 106, 
 211 f. 
 
 Sophocles' love of artificial ex- 
 pression, T. 196 
 
 sureties ifequired to be substan- 
 tial, T, 85, 144 
 
 taxes, farmers of, T. 40, 59 
 theft, various remedies for, A. 26 
 — laws of, T. 105, 113, 114 
 Theognis a witness to political 
 dissensions, T. 149 
 
 Thirty, the, A. 52, T. 42, 56 f., 
 
 76 
 — liberators of Athens from, 
 
 T. 134 
 Thompson, Eev. Dr., on Plato, 
 
 A. 13, 22, 25 
 Thrasybulus of CoUytus, T. 134 
 Thucydides on the Eevolutiou 
 
 of 411, T. 154 
 tithes, different kinds of, T. 120 
 treason not always capitally 
 
 jiunished, T. 127 
 treuga Dei, T. 29 
 Trevelyan's Early Life of Fox, 
 
 T. 76 
 
 Valckenaer quoted, A. 12 
 variety, love of, A. 36, T. 32, 
 
 82 
 verbs in -euw, T. 129 
 vicarious penalties, T. 141 
 Victory, statue of, T. 121 
 
 Xenojihon, a passage in Helle- 
 nica explained, T. 73 
 — the llopoL a work of his old 
 age, T. 214 
 
 Zaleucus, laws of, T. 139 
 Zetetae, T. 11 
 
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