SUPPLEMENT 
 
 TO 
 
 JAMEESOIN'S SCOTTISH DICTIONARY. 
 
SUPPLEMENT 
 
 TO 
 
 JAMIESON'S SCOTTISH DICTIONARY 
 
 WITH MEMOIR, AND INTRODUCTION 
 
 BT 
 
 DAVID DONALDSON, F.E.LS. 
 
 ALEXANDER GAEDNER, 
 
 PAISLEY; AND 12 PATEENOSTEE EOW, LONDON. 
 
 1887. 
 
"^O 1 6' 
 
 7 
 
S8fs 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 In the following work I have attempted to complete the Scottish Dictionary 
 compiled by Dr. Jamieson. By far the larger portion of the work consists of 
 materials collected during a long and varied course of reading extending over 
 many years ; and the remaining portion consists of additional forms, meanings, 
 and illustrations of words recorded, in the Dictionary, and of corrections and 
 improvements of a large number of its meanings and etymologies. 
 
 These materials have been drawn chiefly from works that have been issued 
 since the Dictionary was published ; and many of them were quite unknown to 
 the author of that work. Besides new and more correct editions of various 
 important works which he used, I have specially to note the publications issued 
 under the direction of the Deputy Clerk Register of Scotland, by the Burgh 
 Records Society, and by the Scottish Text Society, — works which cover the 
 whole period of Scottish history during which the vernacular was written and 
 spoken by all classes of society. But, a large number of words have been gleaned 
 from books used by Dr. Jamieson ; and not a few from works which he must have 
 read with very considerable care. A full list of the books read or consulted during 
 the progress of the work will be found at the close of this Introduction. 
 
 In the remarks which I have to make on the great work of Dr. Jamieson, I do 
 not feel called upon to say much regarding the elaborate Dissertation with which 
 it is prefaced : first, because the question, which it was meant to settle, has long 
 ago been settled in quite another way, and all competent scholars are now agreed 
 that the language of the Scottish Lowlands is simply a form of Northern English 
 or Northumbrian ; and second, because the main subject which it discusses, viz., 
 the language of the ancient Picts, has no practical bearing on the question in 
 dispute ; for, " Whatever might be the race or language of the Picts, it is difiicult 
 to deduce the origin of the Scoto-Northumbrian dialect from them — for this 
 weighty reason, that two of the three millions who speak it inhabit districts 
 where that people never had a permanent settlement during any known period 
 
vi. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 of their history." '" Indeed, that once famous Dissertation can now be considered 
 only a notable feat of literary card-building : more remarkable for the skill and 
 ingenuity of its construction, than for its architectural correctness, strength and 
 durability, or practical usefulness. 
 
 That the language of the Scottish Lowlands is in all important particulars 
 the same as that of the northern counties of England, will be evident to any 
 unbiassed reader who takes the trouble to compare the Scottish Dictionary 
 with the Glossaries of Brockett, Atkinson, and Peacock. And the similarity is 
 attested in another way by the simple but important fact, that regarding some of 
 our Northern Metrical Komances it is still disputed whether they were composed 
 to the north or the south of the Tweed. No doubt, the vocabularies are not in 
 every respect identical : but the differences are of the same kind, as exist at the 
 present day between the dialects of Fife and Forfar, and are not so strongly 
 marked as those that exist between the dialects of Fife and Aberdeen. In 
 verbal forms, grammatical construction, and all other distinguishing charac- 
 teristics, they are one and the same language. And to this conclusion all 
 competent scholars have given their consent. 
 
 But whatever differences of opinion existed or may still exist regarding the 
 origin and relation of the Scottish language, there has been remarkable unanimity 
 regarding the greatness and value of Dr. Jamieson's Dictionary. When first 
 issued it was greeted with immense enthusiasm, and was accorded the highest 
 praise. The vast learning and research, the extensive and multifarious reading, 
 and the exact discrimination between meanings and shades of meaning which it 
 displayed, at once attested the greatness of the author's ability and the excellence 
 of his work. For general correctness of reference and exactness of quotation it 
 has never been surpassed : and to this feature of the work I feel bound to add 
 my testimony ; for, having followed the author in most of the fields in which he 
 worked, I have always found him faithful to his authority, and scrupulously 
 exact in presenting it. Errors and defects no doubt there are in his Dictionary ; 
 but they are largely to be accounted for by the difficulties of the task, the in- 
 correctness of many of the versions from which he had to work, and the fact that 
 many of the works which he consulted were then only in MS. Few authors even 
 of the present day could do so much or so well ; and, all things being taken into 
 account, the wonder is that the errors and mistakes are not much more numerous. 
 
 In those (^ays, and for long after, the works of our earliest Scottish writers 
 were, as a rule, imperfectly edited ; for, with but few exceptions, editors did not 
 much concern themselves to obtain a correct representation of the original MS. or 
 
 * Garnett's Philological Essays, p. 46. 
 
INTRODUCTION. vii. 
 
 earliest known text of the work on which they were engaged. This gave rise to 
 many false readings and false forms of words, which were entered in the 
 Dictionary, and thereby attested and perpetuated as genuine terms. In every 
 other page of this Supplement the reader will find an example and correction of 
 these mistakes. And here I may call attention to a whole series of false forms 
 of words which have originated through ignorance of a very simple matter, viz., 
 an ancient method of forming a certain contraction. In many early Scottish 
 MSS. hk is written in a contracted form very like Ik ; but all the same the scribe 
 meant kk, which represents kk or uk, according as the preceding vowel is sounded 
 short or long. Ignorant of this form of contraction, editors have copied the ap- 
 parent Ik instead of the real kk, and thereby introduced forms of words which 
 really did not exist. Thus originated halk, a joist or spar, colk, a cock, 7'olk, a 
 rock, oik and oulk, ivolk and woulk, a week, and various others which are ex- 
 plained in the following pages. And regarding these words it may be noted in 
 passing, that in none of them is the letter I sounded. The first to point out and 
 explain this remarkable series of false forms was Professor Skeat of Cambridge, 
 who made them the subject of an important address to the Philological Society 
 early in 1886. 
 
 A considerable number of corrections both of meaning and etymology will be 
 found in the new edition of the Scottish Dictionary issued a few years ago ; but 
 the original plan of that edition, and the arrangements for its publication, did not 
 permit more than a partial treatment of this. section of the work. And when it 
 was found that an additional volume would be required to overtake the supple- 
 mentary matter that had been collected, it was resolved to reserve the more im- 
 portant corrections and improvements for that volume. By this arrangement the 
 present work has been made doubly useful : for it forms a supplement both to tlie 
 old and to the new edition of the Dictionary. 
 
 Regarding the materials of this work, I may state generally that a large 
 portion consists of words previously recorded, but explained only in separate 
 glossaries or scattered explanatory notes. Another portion consists of variants, 
 peculiar forms, or corruptions of words explained in the Dictionary ; but, as a 
 rule, entries of this kind are treated simply as cross-references. A very large 
 number of the words, however, are here recorded for the first time, at least as 
 Scottish words, and of many of them the explanation will be found nowhere else. 
 And the number of such words would have been much larger had I recorded all 
 that I have collected ; but I have purposely passed over all words that are vulgar 
 in form or gross in meaning, as unsuitable for a work intended as an aid to polite 
 learning. Besides, the insertion of such words could serve no good end, and 
 would certainly tend to confirm the idea that coarseness is a characteristic ele- 
 
viii. , INTEODUCTION. 
 
 ment of the Scottish tongue : an idea which, unfortunately, certain glossaries 
 have caused many to entertain. 
 
 Purposely, also, I have refrained from adding to or enlarging upon that class 
 of words to which kahhie-ldbhie, hush-mush, hippertie-shippertie, nippertie-tipper- 
 tie belong. Of such words a large number of examples might easily have been 
 added ; but for all useful purposes the list supplied by the Dictionary is suffici- 
 ently numerous ; and however interesting such words may be as examples of pe- 
 culiar combination, they are decidedly of a low class, and are used only among the 
 vulgar. And I may here state regarding a number of very peculiar words ex- 
 plained by Jamieson, that they are at least questionable, and in some cases mere 
 inventions. Specially so are such words as hrechum-trullie recorded as used in 
 Ayrshire ; for it is well known that several of them were supplied to the corre- 
 spondent in that district by way of hoax. They certainly never were in general 
 use even among the vulgar, and they are not worthy of a place in the Dictionary. 
 
 In the arrangement, grouping, and illustration of the words I have as far as 
 possible followed the plan of the Dictionary. In every case where the word has 
 different meanings, the primary one is first given, and the others follow in suit- 
 able order : for each of them authority is given and exact references whereby it 
 may be easily verified, or when no authority is given, it is to be understood as in 
 common use. In the references and cross-references the reader will be guided 
 by the following simple rule : words printed in Koman type represent words in 
 the Dictionary, and those printed in Italic represent words in the Supplement ; 
 while those which are enclosed within square brackets represent words that were 
 added in the new edition. 
 
 The statement of the etymology, however, will be found much more 
 simple and uniform than that of the Dictionary, and much more concise ; 
 for, the symbols which are used furnish in every case an exact reference to some 
 authority. Thus, the symbol " Icel." means not merely Icelandic, but that the 
 word with which it is connected is taken from Vigfusson's Icelandic Dictionary. 
 For explanation of these symbols see the List of Abbreviations. Still, I have in 
 every case given the actual or probable source of the word, and the authority for 
 the form and interpretation of it which are given ; and when no authority is 
 stated it is to be understood that the word is taken from the book referred to by 
 the etymological symbol. In very many cases cognate forms are given for the 
 sake of further illustration ; but they form no part of the direct history of the 
 word. Again, when the etymology is disputed, or when the word has been 
 used in some important discussion, I have simply stated the fact and referred the 
 reader to the works in which the subject is treated. In a dictionary for general 
 use such discussions are entirely out of place ; to the ordinary reader they are 
 simply confusing, and to the scholar they are too often mere impedimenta. It 
 
INTRODUCTION. ix. 
 
 was in this portion of his work that Dr. Jamieson was led into most of his mis- 
 takes. His proneness to discussion often induced him to consider points that had 
 no practical bearing on his subject, to see resemblances that were little better 
 than fancies, and to trace relations that were sometimes impossible. In confirma- 
 tion of this statement see his etymologies of Tiller, Trone, Torfeir, and Vaudie, 
 and compare them with the corrections which are now given. But, even in our 
 severest criticism of his mistakes and shortcomings, we must be just, and remem- 
 ber how much straighter and smoother the way has been made for us, and how 
 few finger-posts he had to guide him in those paths where we now have many. 
 
 As promised in the fourth volume of the new edition of the Dictionary, 
 and as a fitting accompaniment to this supplementary volume, a short memoir of 
 Dr. Jamieson is also given, which, we trust, will be acceptable to the reader. 
 
 Having thus sketched the purpose and plan of my work, there remains only 
 the pleasant duty to perform of acknowledging my indebtedness to the many 
 friends who have assisted me in its production. To one and all I tender my most 
 sincere and hearty thanks. 
 
 To Professor Skeat of Cambridge I am specially indebted for most valuable 
 assistance in many ways while the work was in progress, and for important addi- 
 tions and corrections while it was passing through the press. Our friendship of 
 more than a quarter of a century enabled me to consult him in every difficulty ; 
 and at all times his assistance was promptly and generously given. However 
 much he might be pressed in his own literary work, he never failed in readiness 
 to assist me in mine ; and without that assistance the work would have lacked 
 much of its fulness and correctness of details, especially in the section of 
 etymology. 
 
 To Dr. Dickson, Curator of the Historical Department of the General 
 Register House, Edinburgh, I am greatly indebted for explanation and illustra- 
 tion of very many of the words, and for most important suggestions regarding the 
 arrangement of the materials. To his careful revisal of the proofs also, I am 
 indebted for several of the most interesting corrections and additional meanings ; 
 and I am very grateful for the unwearied patience, and care, and kindness he 
 displayed in all his communications. 
 
 To Dr. Marwick, Town Clerk of Glasgow, my best thanks are due for the 
 access to important books and records which he so kindly granted, and for the 
 unfailing courtesy and kindness of his assistants during my frequent visits to his 
 repositories. And in this connection I have specially to thank Robert Renwick, 
 Esq., editor of the Burgh Records of Stirling, for the many and important ser- 
 vices which he rendered by making and verifying extracts from the various MSS. 
 published by the Burgh Records Society, by revising the proofs of my work as it 
 
X. INTEODUCTION. 
 
 was passing through the press, and by supplying materials for several additional 
 entries. 
 
 My best thanks are due also to J. W. Cursiter, Esq. of Kirkwall, for several 
 contributions of materials connected with the language and customs of Orkney 
 and Shetland, which have been of immense service to me in many ways. Also, 
 to David Nicolson, Esq. of "Wick, I tender sincere thanks for the use of his MS. 
 Notes on the Dialect of Caithness, and of his transcript of Notes and Additions 
 to Jamieson's Dictionary made by the late Eev. Charles Thomson, one of Dr. 
 Jamieson's contributors. Both contributions supplied valuable materials for my 
 work. 
 
 To Sir Herbert Maxwell, Bart., M.P., I tender most cordial thanks for 
 several valuable contributions of words peculiar to the South of Scotland, which 
 he voluntarily prepared for me at a time when leisure was scant and precious. 
 My only regret is that his engagements did not permit him to undertake more. 
 
 From Dr. Alexander Laing of Newburgh-on-Tay I received several important 
 contributions regarding the Fifeshire dialect, which I have been able to turn to 
 good account ; and for these and various other favours I thank him most sincerely. 
 And similarly to James B. Murdoch, Esq., of Glasgow, who has assisted me in 
 various ways, and to all the friends who, by supplying books, by correspondence, 
 or by any other means have helped to further my work, I now tender sincere and 
 hearty thanks. 
 
 And now I commit my work to the public with the earnest desire that it 
 may prove useful, and with the sincere wish that, however manifold its defects, 
 it may be accepted as an honest endeavour to accomplish a very difficult task. 
 
MEMOIR OF DR. JAMIESON. 
 
 Towards the close of his long and busy career, Dr. Jamieson so far yielded to 
 the entreaties of his friends as to throw together some memoranda of the principal 
 events of his life ; but, although they were written with great simplicity and 
 candour, in a reflective spirit, and with considerable graphic force, the work as a 
 whole was found to be unsuitable for publication. From these materials, how- 
 ever, a short but very suitable memoir of the author was compiled for the second 
 and somewhat condensed edition of the Scottish Dictionary, issued in 1840-1 ; 
 and since then, other two accounts of his life have been published.^ But as that 
 memoir was in substance furnished by the surviving relatives of Dr. Jamieson, 
 it has been selected for our present purpose ; and having been slightly recast in 
 order to adapt it to the present time, it is now presented to the public as the 
 most reliable that can be given. 
 
 John Jamieson was born in Glasgow on the 3rd of March, 1759, and was the 
 only son of the Rev. John Jameson, first pastor of the Associate Congregation in 
 Havannah Street (now Duke Street), Glasgow. His mother was the daughter 
 of Mr. Cleland, a merchant of Edinburgh, who had married Rachel, the daughter 
 of the Rev. Robert Bruce of Garlet, son of the second brother of Bruce of 
 Kennet. This excellent man, the great-grandfather of Dr. Jamieson, suflered 
 persecution as a Presbyterian minister during the troubles of Scotland. Dr. 
 Jamieson's paternal grandfather was Mr. William Jameson, farmer of Hill House, 
 near Linlithgow, in West Lothian ; a person of respectable connexions, being re - 
 lated to several of the smaller landed proprietors of the county, and to some of 
 the wealthy merchants of the flourishing commercial town of Borrowstounness. 
 But although both his son and his grandson were Seceder ministers, he was 
 himself a strict Episcopalian, — a fact which, from the then prevailing horror 
 of Episcopacy entertained in Scotland, Dr. Jamieson's father seems to have 
 been unwilling to avow, for the Doctor only learned it at an advanced age from 
 his friend Sir Alexander Seton, who recollected William Jameson of Hill House, 
 
 1 One appeared in Tait's Edinburgh Magazine for 
 August, 1841 ; and the other, in the posthumous 
 volume of Dr. Jamieson's Dissertations on the Work 
 
 of the Spirit, published in 1844. A brief account of 
 this volume is given near the close of the present 
 memoir. 
 
2 MEMOIR OF DR. JAMIESON. 
 
 as the sole and very zealous churcliwarden of his uncle, the vicar of Riccarton, 
 some eighty years before. 
 
 In early life, for some reasons which he describes as puerile, instead of following 
 the orthography of his ancestors, he adopted the different spelling of Jamieson, 
 which it was judged best that he should retain ; but he made his family resume 
 the original name of Jameson. 
 
 The future lexicographer received his first lessons at a school kept by his 
 father s precentor, named Macnair, a person apparently very incompetent for the 
 task of tuition, and with whom he seems to have been placed more with a view to 
 the advantage of the teacher than of the pupil. After this imperfect course of 
 elementary instruction, and according to the practice then general, and not yet 
 quite obsolete in Scotland, of leaving the English language to shift in a great 
 measure for itself, he was sent in his seventh year to the first class of the Latin 
 grammar-school of Glasgow, then taught by Mr. Bald. He was a master of a 
 stamp not unfrequently met with in those times, being an excellent boon 
 companion, and possessed of great humour, but more than suspected of a leaning 
 in favour of the sons of men of rank, or of those wealthy citizens who occasionally 
 gave him a good dinner, and made liberal Candlemas oJJ'erings. This partiality 
 having been manifested by unjustly withholding the highest prize of the 
 class from the not rich Seceder minister's son, as Mr. Bald himself after- 
 wards admitted, the boy was withdrawn at the end of the first year. He 
 was then placed under a private teacher named Selkirk, who is described 
 as a worthy man, and under his guidance and the unremitting care of 
 his father at home he made such progress, that he was deemed fit to 
 enter the first " Humanity " or Latin class in the University of Glasgow when 
 only nine years old. Dr. Jamieson, in commenting upon this his very early 
 appearance at the college, gently expresses his regret that his excellent father 
 should have so hurried on his education, and justly remarks, that however vividly 
 impressions may seem to be received by a young mind, they are often so 
 superficial as to be altogether efiaced by others which succeed them. The 
 professor of the Humanity class was the Rev. George Muirhead, of whom his 
 pupil entertained the most affectionate recollection, and an " indelible veneration." 
 Muirhead was himself a character ; and though something of a pedant, an 
 enthusiastic scholar. He entered with his whole soul into the business of his 
 class. Classical reading, but above all, Virgil, was his passion. While a country 
 minister, he had, it was said, purchased a piece of ground to improve in the way 
 prescribed by the " Georgics," which system of husbandry produced its'natural 
 consequences. Once that young Jamieson wished to borrow an amusing, though 
 still a Latin Book, from the library belonging to the class, Muirhead addressed 
 him with considerable sternness : — 
 
 " John ! why would you waste your time on books of that kind ? " 
 
 " What would you have me to read ?" inquired John, with all humility. 
 
MEMOIR OF DR. JAMIESON. 3 
 
 The Professor then replied, with great fervour, and to the utter astonishment 
 of the boy — '' Read Yirgil, sir ; read him night and day — read him eternally !" 
 
 That he did so himself was evident from the black and well-thumbed state of 
 his own copy of Virgil, The other professors were glad when the Session closed, 
 that they might either be off in every direction whither inclination led, or left at 
 leisure for any favourite study or pursuit ; but " good old George never left the 
 college, and seemed to have no enjoyment save in stalking like a ghost through 
 the courts and piazzas, solitarily occupying the scenes in which all his earthly 
 delight was concentrated." This "original" boarded with the celebrated brothers 
 Foulis, who, as Printers to the University, were allowed a house within its 
 precincts. 
 
 During his second year at the Latin class, young Jamieson also attended the 
 iirst Greek class, which was then taught by Dr. James Moor, the well-known 
 author of the Greek Grammar which bears his name. Though a man of talent, 
 he was very inferior to Muirhead as a teacher ; and his habits were such as to 
 deprive him of that authority over his class which is necessary to maintain order 
 and incite application. To Jamieson, at least, the course was almost entirely lost. 
 
 So early in life as this period, the future antiquary was beginning to show a 
 taste for old coins, and other curious objects, on which he expended his pocket- 
 money ; and a vein for poetry at the same time evinced itself Both predilections 
 were congenial to those of Professor Moor, with whom Jamieson became so far a 
 favourite, that he kindly explained the coins the boy brought to him, and would 
 show him his own valuable collection, acquired while he had travelled with the 
 unfortunate Earl of Kilmarnock. In short, under Moor his pupil seems to have 
 made progress in everything save his proper business, the Greek language. His 
 boyish negligence was partly to be ascribed to the ill-health of his father, who 
 had been struck with palsy, and who subsequently laboured under the effect of 
 repeated shocks. Deeply and repeatedly does the Doctor, in his recollections, 
 regret his idleness — precious time trifled away that could never be recalled. This 
 regret is, however, oftenest to be found in the mouths of those who, like him, 
 have been the most diligent and unremitting in study and in business, and who 
 best know the value of time. 
 
 During his attendance on the prelections of Professor Muirhead, his mind 
 received that bias which influenced the literary pursuits of his after life. " The 
 Professor," he says, " not satisfied with an explanation of the words of any classical 
 passage, was most anxious to call the attention of his pupils to the peculiar force 
 of the terms that occurred in it; particularly pointing out the shades of significa- 
 tion by which those terms, viewed as synonymous, diflered from each other. 
 This mode of illustration, which at that time, I suspect, was by no means 
 common, had a powerful influence in attracting my attention to the classical 
 works, and even to the formation of language in general ; and to it I most 
 probably may ascribe that partiality for philological and etymological research in 
 
4 MEMOIR OF DR. JAMIESON. 
 
 which I have ever since had so. much pleasure. I have yet in my possession some 
 of the notes which I took down, either during the class hours or afterwards, from 
 my first attendance on the Humanity class." 
 
 The precarious state of his father's health made the studies of an only surviving 
 son, already destined to the ministry, be pushed forward with anxious rapidity. 
 The friendly Professor Muirhead disapproved and remonstrated ; but there was 
 too good reason for the precipitance. Jamieson's father afterwards informed him, 
 that he was much afraid that, having been long a prisoner from complicated dis- 
 ease, he would be early taken away ; and, as he had nothing to leave his son, he 
 was most desirous to forward his classical and professional education. He was 
 accordingly next session sent to the Logic class, though, as he remarks, " a boy of 
 eleven years of age was quite unfit for studying the abstractions of logic and 
 metaphysics." This year also he considers " entirely lost," and that " it might 
 be blotted out of the calendar of his life." A second year spent in philosophical 
 studies was employed to little more purpose ; and though he now studied under 
 the eminent philosopher. Dr. Reid, he had become, during his father's continued 
 illness, too much, he says, his own master to make any great progress " either in 
 the Intellectual or Moral Powers." He took some pleasure in the study of 
 Mathematics ; but over Algebra, on which he consumed the midnight oil, the boy, 
 very naturally, often fell asleep. His classical and philosophical studies were 
 certainly begun in very good time ; but it is yet more surprising to find the 
 Associate Presbytery of Glasgow admitting him as a student of theology at the 
 age of fourteen ! The Professor of Theology among the Seceders at that period 
 was the Kev. William Moncrieff of Alloa, the son of one of the four ministers 
 who had orignally seceded from the 'Church of Scotland, from their hostility to 
 Patronage, and who subsequently founded the Secession Church. Though not, 
 according to his distinguished pupil, a man of extensive erudition, or of great 
 depths of understanding, Moncrieff was possessed with qualities even more 
 essential to the fulfilment of his important office of training young men in those 
 days to the Secession ministry ; and from the suavity of his disposition, and the 
 kindness of his manners, he was very popular among his students. After attend- 
 ing Professor Moncriefi' for one season at Alloa, young Jamieson attended Pro- 
 fessor Anderson (afterwards the founder of the Andersonian Institution) in 
 Glasgow, for Natural Philosophy : for which science he does not seem to have 
 had any taste. While at the Glasgow University, he became a member of the 
 different literary societies formed by the students for mutual improvement. 
 These were then the Eclectic, the Dialectic, and the Academic; and he was 
 successively a member of each of them. Their meetings were held in the college 
 class-rooms, and were well attended by students and visitors ; and sometimes the 
 professors graced the ingenuous youths with their presence, as an encouragement 
 to diligence. 
 
 The Doctor relates many beautiful instances of the mutual respect and cordial 
 
MEMOIR OF DR. JAMIESON. 5 
 
 regard which then subsisted among the different denominations of the clergy of 
 Glasgow, and which was peculiarly manifested towards his father during his 
 severe and protracted illness. Comparing modern times with those better days, 
 he says : — 
 
 " If matters go on as they have done in our highly favoured country for some 
 time past, there is reason to fear that as little genuine love will be found as there 
 was among the Pharisees, who from sheer influence of party, in a certain sense 
 still ' loved one another,' while they looked on all who differed from them in no 
 other light than they did on Sadducees. May the God of all Grace give a mer- 
 ciful check to this spirit, which is not from Him \" 
 
 Dr. Jamieson was himself, throughout the whole course of his life, distinguished 
 by a liberal and truly catholic spirit. His friends and intimate associates were 
 found among Christians of all denominations, though he conscientiously held by 
 his own opinions. If he ever lacked charity, it appears to have been towards the 
 Unitarians, a fact perhaps to be accounted for by his early controversy with 
 Macgill and Dr. Priestly. Episcopalians and Roman Catholics were among his 
 friends, even when his position, as the young minister of a very rigid congregation 
 of Seceders in a country town, made the association dangerous to him, as being 
 liable to misconstruction by his flock. 
 
 From his earliest years, Dr. Jamieson seems to have had the happy art of 
 making friends of the wise and the worthy, and especially of persons distinguished 
 for natural powers of the mind, or for great literary attainments. He had the no 
 less enviable power of retaining the regard he had attracted, and of disposing 
 every one with whom he came into contact to forward his views, whether these 
 were for personal or public objects. A really remarkable degree of interest seems 
 to have been taken in his prosperity, and in that of his large family, at every 
 period of his life. From boyhood he had been cordially received into what may 
 assuredly be called the best society at that period known in Scotland, — namely, 
 that of eminent friendly professors, clergymen distinguished by* talents and piety, 
 and religious families among the ancient gentry. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson, while attending the Theological Lectures of Mr. Moncrieffat 
 Alloa, often enjoyed the hospitality of the Rev. Mr. Randall of Stirling, the father 
 of his friend, Dr. Randall Davidson, afterwards of Muirhouse. The worthy 
 minister of Stirling, whom he represents as of a very generous and cordial nature, 
 would fain, as a friend, have advised the young and active-minded student to 
 leave the Secession, and direct his views to the Established Church, which held 
 out a more inviting prospect to a youth of talents ; for such Jamieson, even then, 
 must have appeared to strangers. The recommendations of Mr. Randall must 
 have been the more tempting, that the cause of the Secession was then viewed 
 with great dislike, and its adherents exposed to the reproach of the world, which 
 youth bears with so much difiiculty. But the strong desire of his father, his own 
 convictions, and every kindly influence that had grown up with him, bound him 
 
6 MEMOIR OF DR. JA3HIES0X. 
 
 to that cause ; and he stood by it through good and through evil report, nor did 
 he ever repent the sacrifice which he had made. 
 
 After he had attained the dignity of a student in Theology, instead of con- 
 descending to resume the red gown of the Glasgow student, he repaired to Edin- 
 burgh to prosecute his studies, and lived, while there, in the house of his maternal 
 grandfather, Mr. Cleland. He attended the prelections of the eminent Dugald 
 Stewart, then only rising into fame. He also studied the Hebrew language 
 in a private class ; and was admitted a member of a Society of Theological 
 Students, who met once a-week in the class-room of the Hebrew Professor in the 
 University. " A man of great learning and piety, adorned by singular modesty,'' 
 was this private Professor, who bore the honorary descriptive title — or nickname 
 — of the Rahbi Kobertson. 
 
 During the young student's residence in Edinburgh, he made many valuable 
 and desirable acquaintances, and acquired some useful friends. Of this number 
 was the venerable Dr. John Erskine, who continued the friend of Jamieson for 
 the remainder of his honoured life. He venerated and loved the Evano-elical 
 Dr. Erskine, but he also felt great respect for his Moderate colleague, the 
 celebrated Principal Pobertson, the Historian. Robertson was long the 
 leader of the Moderate party in the Church Courts ; and though a conscientious 
 Seceder, and one in a manner dedicated from his birth to the service of the 
 Secession Church, young Jamieson, on witnessing the masterly manner in which 
 Kobertson conducted business in the Church Courts, felt, in his own words, 
 " That if he were to acknowledge any ecclesiastical leader, or call any man a 
 master in divine matters, he would prefer the Principal in this character to any 
 m.an he had ever seen ; for he conducted business with so much dignity and 
 suavity of manner, that those who followed seemed to be led by a silken cord. 
 He might cajole, but he never cudgelled his troops." 
 
 After attending the Theological class for six sessions, the candidate for the 
 ministry was, at the age of twenty, appointed by the Synod to be taken on trials 
 for license ; and in July 1779, he was Hcensed by the Presbytery of Glasgow. In 
 the Secession Church at that time, when a young man obtained license he was 
 immediately put on duty, and was appointed to preach within the bounds of the 
 presbytery every Sunday in the year. This was indeed a most important 
 part of his training for the regular ministry ; though it allowed very little time 
 for the preparation of sermons between the closing of his public theological 
 studies and the commencement of his itinerancy. In the wide district in which 
 Jamieson's duties lay, there were, at the time, many vacancies, and also the 
 germs of new congregations ; so that the scenes of his labours on successive 
 Sabbaths lay often far apart. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson's first appearance as a preacher was at Colmonell, in Carrick in 
 Ayrshire, then a very dreary and poor place. From the first he seems to have been 
 popular, and this small isolated congregation wished to obtain the young preacher 
 
MEMOIR OF DR. JAMIESON. 7 
 
 as their pastor; but to this he gave no encouragement, deeming it his duty to leave 
 such matters .to the regular authorities, applied to through the forms usual upon 
 such occasions. His next appointment was to the Isle of Bute, and Cowal in Argyle- 
 shire. The picture which he gives of characters and of manners, more than a century 
 ago, and their contrast with those of present times, is not a little striking. The 
 venerable Doctor, in old age, relates, " I found my situation on this beautiful 
 island very comfortable. The place of preaching was in Rothesay. I lodged at a 
 farm-house in the parish of Kingarth ; and I never met with more kindness from 
 
 any man than from , the minister of the parish." This was not at all 
 
 in accordance with the Doctor's subsequent experiences of the Established minis- 
 ters in other parishes, and particularly when he came to be settled in Forfar. A 
 nepliew of the minister of Kingarth had written from Glasgow, apprizing him of 
 the young Seceder preacher's invasion of his parish, and recommending the en- 
 croacher to his kindness. The Doctor continues, " I had no sooner taken up my 
 residence than he came to call for me, and urged me in the most strenuous manner 
 to come to his manse. When I expressed my sense of his great kindness, declining 
 to receive the benefit of it as delicately as I could, he told me that if I persisted 
 in my refusal, he would attribute.it solely to bigotry; as he supposed I could have 
 no other reason for preferring the accommodation of a cottage to that of his house, 
 save my unwillingness to reside under the roof of a hirk minister" To convince 
 him of the reverse, the young Seceder finally agreed to spend one night at the 
 manse ; a proceeding probably somewhat hazardous, from the jealousy of such 
 intercourse sometimes felt by the dissenting flocks. This clergyman belonged 
 to a class of Moderates which has for ever passed away. He went out daily with 
 his dog and gun, and often stepping into the cottage, surprised the Seceder 
 preacher poring over his next Sabbath day's discourse. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson passed over to Cowal in the depth of a severe winter, and was 
 received in a wretched smoky hovel, without even glass to the aperture through 
 which light was received ; and there he had to eat, sleep, and study. These 
 were not the palmy days of the Secession Church, whose followers have now reared 
 comfortable and often handsome edifices for worship in every district of Scotland, 
 and provided liberally for the subsistence of their ministers. The young preacher 
 was submitting most christianly or philosophically to dire necessity, when he re- 
 ceived a kind invitation from an elderly lady to take up his abode in the mansion 
 of Achavuillin, then belonging to a family of the name of Campbell, though 
 it has long' since changed its fine Celtic appellation with its proprietor, and 
 become the modern Castle Toward. There the stranger was treated with 
 the hospitality which characterized the country and the period. The mas- 
 ter of the house was then in America with his regiment ; for the war of 
 the revolution still raged : but his mother did the honours of his house ; 
 and some of the younger inmates even accompanied the preacher to his 
 romantic place of worship, which might have been that of the Druids, once so well 
 
o MEMOIR OF DR. JAMIESON. 
 
 known in the same locality. " It was," says the Doctor, " in the open air, by the 
 side of a rivulet : the congregation being assembled on a slight acclivity, at the 
 bottom of which it ran. I stood in the hollow, having a large moor-stone for my 
 pedestal, the ground being covered with a pretty deep layer of snow, which had 
 fallen in the night. For my canopy I had a pair of blankets stretched on two 
 poles. The situation was sufficiently romantic ; for, besides the circumstances 
 already mentioned, the sea flowed behind, and the mountains of Argyleshire 
 terminated the prospect before. Notwithstanding the severity of the weather, 
 I never addressed a more sedate auditory, nor one apparently more devout." 
 
 In the beginning of 1780, Mr. Jamieson was appointed by the Associate Synod 
 (the Supreme Court of the Secession) to itinerate in Perthshire and the neighbour- 
 ing county of Angus. After preaching for several Sabbaths in Dundee, in which 
 there was then a vacancy, he made so favourable an impression, that the congre- 
 gation agreed to give him a call to be their pastor. But Forfar, his next preaching 
 station, was to be his resting-place, and for many years an ungenial and dreary 
 sojourn. To Forfar he was at that time, of course, a total stranger ; and in old 
 age he touchingly relates : — " Though I were to live much longer than I have done 
 since that time, I shall never forget the feeling I had in crossing the rising-ground, 
 where I first had a view of this place. I had never seen any part of the country 
 before. The day was cold, the aspect of the country dreary and bleak, and it was 
 partly covered with snow. It seemed to abound with mosses, which gave a desolate 
 appearance to the whole valley under my eye. I paused for a moment, and a pang 
 struck through my heart, while the mortifying query occurred — ' What if this 
 gloomy place should be the bounds of my habitation?' And it was the will of the 
 Almighty that it should be so." 
 
 The congregation of Forfar was at that time but newly formed, and had never 
 yet had any regular minister, being, by orders of the Presbytery, supplied, as it 
 is termed, from Sabbath to Sabbath by young probationers and others. 
 
 Three calls were at the same time subscribed for the popular young preacher ; 
 from Forfar, from Dundee, and from Perth, where he was wanted as a second or 
 collegiate minister. The congregation of Dundee was large and comparatively 
 wealthy, but the call was not unanimous. 
 
 Either Dundee, oi: the second charge in Perth, would have been a much more 
 agreeable and advantageous appointment for Mr. Jamieson; but the Synod allotted 
 him the small, poor, and ill-organized congregation of Forfar, which with difficulty 
 managed to allow him a stipend of £50 a-year. It is to be hoped that the motives 
 of the Ecclesiastical Court in this choice were pure, and that, as Perth and Dundee 
 might be considered comparatively safe even with inferior candidates, they were 
 induced, as a matter of policy, to send a popular, active, and able young man to a 
 new locality, where the congregation required to be consolidated. However this 
 might be, Mr. Jamieson felt, and not without some degree of bitterness, that the 
 decision was most unfavourable to him in every respect. He had lived enough in 
 
MEMOIR OF DR. JAMIESON. 9 
 
 towns, and among the better classes, and had seen enough of the difficulties of his 
 father with a stipend nearly double, to be fully aware of the utter inadequacy of 
 that allowed him. With regard to society, he could maintain little social inter- 
 course with the uneducated persons composing his congregation, and beyond them 
 he was not only without any connexions in the place, but had to contend with 
 coldness and dislike, arising from that prejudice against the Secession before 
 alluded to, and which appears to have been very strong in Forfar. Some ludicrous 
 instances are given of petty persecution from that cause, particularly on the part 
 of the minister of the Established Church, who seems to have considered Jamieson, 
 and the Episcopalian clergyman of the place, as two refractory parishioners, and 
 to have assumed an air of insulting superiority strangely misplaced. 
 
 On the whole, it is not easy to conceive a position more trying in every respect 
 than that of the young minister at his outset in Forfar ; and a man of less energy, 
 although of equal talents, would probably have been altogether lost in it. There 
 was, however, one bright side : he was affectionately, nay, anxiously wished for 
 by the whole of his congregation ; and this unanimity afforded some consolation to 
 him, as well as to his father, — the latter recollecting that, although he had been 
 opposed in his call to Glasgow by only two persons, the two had proved thorns 
 in his side as long as they lived. Besides, Mr. Jamieson knew that he was in the 
 path of duty ; and, piously resigning " his lot into the hands of the All-Wise 
 Disposer of events," with the assurance which followed him through life, " that 
 his gracious Master would provide for him in the way that was best," he looked 
 forward to the future with firmness. 
 
 The struggle was severe at first, but by degrees he became better known and 
 better appreciated. He acknowledged with marked gratitude the obHgations he 
 owed, in that respect, to Mr. Dempster of Dunnichen, a gentleman of high char- 
 acter and considerable influence in the county, which he represented for some time 
 in Parliament. This amiable person was his first, and proved through life his 
 fastest friend. Until this acquaintance with Mr. D:;mpster, which was brought 
 about by an accidental call, his only enjoyment was in visiting at intervals several 
 respectable families in Perth and its neighbourhood, or the hospitable manse of 
 Longforgan in the Carse of Gowrie, then a residence combining every charm. But 
 the friendship and influence of Mr. Dempster procured similar enjoyments for him 
 nearer home. At Dunnichen, indeed, he was a welcome guest at all times, and 
 there he became acquainted, through the cordial introduction of Mr. Dempster, 
 with all the landed aristocracy of the county. This enlargement of Mr. Jamieson's 
 circle of social intercourse was further aided and confirmed by his marriage, about 
 a year after his settlement in Forfar, with the daughter of an old and respectable 
 proprietor in the county. Miss Charlotte Watson, youngest daughter of Kobert 
 Watson, Esq. of Shielhill in Angus, and of Easter Rhynd in Perthshire. Mr. 
 Jamieson, when very young, had frequently heard a friend speak with affectionate 
 admiration of the family of Shielhill, — of their hospitality, and of their regard for 
 
10 MEMOIR OF DR. JAMIESON. 
 
 religion, — the latter a quality not very common at the time amongst the landed 
 proprietors of that part of the country. He was thus predisposed to esteem the 
 whole family, some of whom he had, before coming to Forfar, seen in his father's 
 house at Glasgow. 
 
 It must have appeared almost madness to think of marriage with so very limited 
 an income, even allowing for the greater value of money at that time ; but the 
 bachelor state was deemed incompatible with the ministry in Scotland ; and, 
 besides, prudential motives do not always prevent a young man from falling in 
 love. The union, however, which soon took place, and which lasted for more than 
 half a century, proved in all respects a most auspicious one. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Jamieson had no doubt for a long period much to contend with from limited means 
 and a very numerous family ; but the untiring industry of Mr. Jamieson soon 
 made up for all other deficiencies. 
 
 Mr. Jamieson's confidence in Providence, and in his own energies, thus began 
 to reap its reward. To loneliness at home, and indifference if not neglect abroad, 
 there now succeeded strong domestic attractions, and the esteem and regard of 
 respectable neighbours. 
 
 Shortly after his marriage, he began to work seriously for the Press, and 
 he continued for upwards of forty years to be a constant and even voluminous 
 writer. While yet a mere stripling, he composed some pieces of poetry for 
 Ruddiman s Weekly Magazine, which we notice only because they were his 
 first appearance as an author. We next find him communicating, in a series 
 of papers to the Literary and Antiquarian Society of Perth, of which he was a 
 member, the fruits of his researches concerning the antiquities of Forfarshire. 
 These papers led Mr. Dempster to recommend his writing a history of the county, 
 and the suggestion gave impulse and direction to his local inquiries, although it 
 was never fully complied with. But the publication which first seems to have 
 obtained for him some literary reputation, and the character of an orthodox and 
 evangelical minister, was his reply, under the title of " Socinianism Unmasked," 
 to Dr. Macgill of Ayr, whose peculiar heresy had lately been broached. 
 
 This work paved the way for his favourable reception in London, which he 
 visited for the first time in 1788-9. He carried to London with him a collection 
 of sermons, afterwards published under the title of " Sermons on the Heart," 
 which became very popular. With the exception of this work, his other writings 
 do not seem to have yielded him in general much profit, although they added to 
 his reputation. Letters given him by Dr. Erskine and others procured for him 
 an extensive acquaintance, particularly in the religious circles and with the 
 evangelical ministers of the metropolis. It was thus he became acquainted with 
 the pious and benevolent Mr. Thornton,'^the eccentric Ryland the Baptist minister, 
 John Newton, Venn, and Cecil. There also he found antiquarian and literary 
 associates, while his poem on the " Sorrows of Slavery," brought him under the 
 
MEMOIR OF DR. JAMIESON. 11 
 
 notice of the abolitionists, and led to an acquaintance with Wilberforce and Gran- 
 ville Sharpe. 
 
 The consideration he enjoyed in these metropolitan circles, and particularly 
 amongst his religious friends, must have been augmented by his " Reply to 
 Priestley," for which he received the diploma of Doctor of Divinity from the 
 College of New Jersey, the first honour of the kind that had been conferred upon 
 a Seceder. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson repeated his visits to London at different times, officiating there 
 for his friend Dr. Jerment, while that gentleman went to see his connexions in 
 Scotland. On these occasions, he extended the circle of his general acquaintance, 
 and appears also to have discovered several distant relations mixing in good society. 
 One of them was a distant female cousin. Lady Strange, the widow of the celebrated 
 engraver, who to her last day took pride in her broad Scotch, and otherwise re- 
 tained all the warmth of early national feeling. When the Doctor, till then a 
 stranger to her, made his formal obeisance, " the good old lady," he says, " ran 
 up to me with all the vivacity of fifteen, and taking me in her arms, gave me a 
 hearty embrace." She was one of those whose heads and hearts are continually 
 occupied with plans for serving their friends ; and her influence, of which she had 
 a good deal, was ever zealously exerted to promote Dr. Jamieson's interests. 
 One of her schemes was that he should leave the Secession and look for promotion 
 in the Church of England ; but such an idea, it may well be believed, had still less 
 chance of being for a moment harboured by him, than that before mentioned of 
 his entering into the Church of Scotland, although he had now been lingering on 
 for more than a dozen of years on the same pittance of £50 a-year. 
 
 During this long lapse of time, his greatest enjoyment, beyond his own fireside, 
 was still found in the society and steady friendship of Mr. Dempster. " Many a 
 happy day," he writes, ''have I spent under the roof of this benevolent man. 
 We walked together ; we rode together ; we fished together ; we took an occasional 
 ride to examine the remains of antiquity in the adjacent district ; and if the 
 weather was bad, we found intellectual employment in the library, — often in 
 tracing the origin of our vernacular words in the continental languages." 
 
 The Doctor had not yet projected his great work, the Dictionary ; the first 
 idea of which arose accidentally from the conversation of one of the many dis- 
 tinguished persons whom he met at Mr. Dempster's residence ; Dunnichen being 
 long the frequent rendezvous of not merely the most eminent men of Scotland, 
 but of such learned foreigners as from time to time visited the country. This was 
 the learned Grim Thorkelin, Professor of Antiquities in Copenhagen. Up to this 
 period, Dr Jamieson had held the common opinion, that the Scottish is not a 
 language, and nothing more than a corrupt dialect of the English, or at least of 
 the Anglo-Saxon. The learned Danish Professor first undeceived him, — though full 
 conviction came tardily, — and proved to his satisfaction that there are many words 
 in our national tongue which never passed through the channel of the Anglo- 
 
12 MEMOIR OF DR. JAMIESON. 
 
 Saxon, nor were even spoken in England. Before leaving Dunnichen, Thorkelin 
 requested the Doctor to note down for him all the singular words used in that 
 part of the country, no matter how vulgar he might himself consider them ; and 
 to give the received meaning of each. Jamieson laughed at the request, saying, 
 " What would you do, Sir, with our vulgar words ; they are merely corruptions of 
 English?" Thorkelin, who spoke English fluently, replied with considerable 
 warmth, " If that fantast, Johnson, had said so, I would have forgiven ^m, 
 because of his ignorance or prejudice ; but I cannot make the same excuse for you, 
 when you speak in this contemptuous manner of the language of your country, 
 which is, in fact, more ancient than the English. I have now spent four months 
 in Angus and Sutherland, and I have met with between three and four hundred 
 words purely Gothic, that were never used in Anglo-Saxon. You will admit that 
 I am pretty well acquainted with Gothic. I am a Goth ; a native of Iceland, the 
 inhabitants of which are an unmixed race, who speak the same language which 
 their ancestors brought from Norway a thousand years ago. All or most of these 
 words which I have noted down, are familiar to me in my native island. If you 
 do not find out the sense of some of the terms which strike you as singular, send 
 them to me ; and I am pretty certain I shall be able to explain them to you," 
 Jamieson, to oblige the learned stranger, forthwith purchased a two-penny paper 
 book, and began to write down all the remarkable or uncouth words of the 
 district. From such small beginnings, made more than twenty years before any 
 part of the work was published, arose the four large quarto volumes of his 
 Dictionary and Supplement, the revolution in his opinion as to the origin of 
 the Scottish language, and that theory of its origin which he has maintained in 
 the learned Dissertations which accompany the Dictionary. 
 
 It would not now be easy, we apprehend, to explain the difficulties, discourage- 
 ments, and privations under which that great undertaking was prosecuted for a 
 long series of years. The author had now a large family to maintain and to 
 educate, and he was even embarrassed with debts inevitably incurred, while the 
 prospect of remuneration for his labours was distant and uncertain. How he and 
 Mrs. Jamieson struggled through their accumulating difficulties, might probably 
 have puzzled themselves on looking back to explain ; but he was strong in faith, 
 and also active in endeavour. 
 
 On the death of Mr. Adam Gib, Dr. Jamieson received a call from the Seceder 
 congregation of Nicolson Street, Edinburgh, to be their minister. But the Synod 
 again opposed both the wishes of the congregation, and Dr. Jamieson s interests 
 and obvious advantage ; and that, too, at a period when his removal to the capital 
 would have been of the greatest advantage to his literary projects, and to the 
 professional education of his elder sons. He very naturally felt with acuteness 
 this second frustration of his reasonable hopes; but, as before, he quietly submitted. 
 A few years more elapsed, and Mr. Banks, the successor of Mr. Gib, having 
 gone to America, the doctor was again unanimously called, and the Synod then 
 
MEMOIR OF DR. JAMIESON. 13 
 
 thought fit to authorize his translation. The change from Forfar to Edinburgh 
 was, in every point of view, a happy and auspicious event. His stipend was 
 probably quadrupled at once : he was restored to early connexions and literary 
 society, and obtained every facility for prosecuting his philological and etymo- 
 logical researches. Shortly after this he learnt that the Rev. Mr. Boucher, Vicar 
 of Epsom, was engaged in a work of somewhat similar character ; and mutual 
 friends advised that the one should buy the other off, and obtain the accumulated 
 materials for the use of his own work. Any reward for his labours, however 
 inadequate, was then an important consideration with Dr. Jamieson ; and 
 for a time he thought of giving up his treasures for £250; but the dislike 
 which he had felt from the beginning, at the idea either of compromise or co- 
 operation, afterwards fortified by suspicions that Mr, Boucher's view of the 
 Scottish language would degrade it to the level of the English dialects, and the 
 conscientious conduct of the friend of the vicar, the late Bishop Gleig of Stirling, 
 who was too well aware of the real value of Dr. Jamieson's manuscripts to sanction 
 such a sacrifice, ultimately and happily put a stop to the negotiation. The 
 subsequent death of the Bev. Mr. Boucher, before the publication of his work, 
 left the field clear for our national lexicographer. It is not merely as patriotic 
 natives of Scotland, that we rejoice in this circumstance, but as the friends of 
 sound literature ; and as prizing yet more highly than the learning displayed, 
 that fund of innocent and delightful entertainment and instruction, spread before 
 us in the pages of the Scottish Dictionary ; — those imperishable records of our 
 history, our literature, and our usages, which may enable all future generations of 
 our countrymen, and their off-sets in every distant land, to think and feel as 
 ancient Scots ; and which will keep open for them the literary treasures of their 
 fathers — the pages of their Burns and Scott, and of those other works which, 
 but for this master-key, must soon become sealed books. 
 
 The people of Scotland certainly never took so great an interest in any work 
 that had appeared in their country as they took in the Dictionary. It was every 
 one's concern ; and after the first two volumes had been published, and had set 
 many thousand minds at work to add to, or endeavour to render more perfect, 
 this national monument, from the palace and the castle to the farm-house and the 
 cottage the learned author found devoted and often able auxiliaries in complet- 
 ing his great undertaking. Those who could not assist him with words, yet 
 circulated his prospectuses, and procured subscribers to the work. Through the 
 interest and exertions of Lord Glenbervie, the duty on the paper for printing the 
 Dictionary was remitted, in virtue of a provision entitling the publishers of works 
 on Northern Literature to a drawback on the paper used. Among his friends of 
 a later period, none were more zealous than the late Duchess of Sutherland,^ 
 through whose interest or recommendation he was afterwards chosen one of the 
 ten Associates of the Boyal Literary Society, instituted by George the Fourth. 
 Each Associate was entitled to a pension of one hundred guineas. The Society,. 
 
14 MEMOIR OF DR. JAMIESON. 
 
 which numbered among its members Coleridge and D'Israeli, fell with George the 
 Fourth, which occasioned no little disappointment and hardship to some of the 
 Associates. The fact, as it regards Dr. Jamieson, serves to bring to light a 
 circumstance highly honourable to both the parties concerned. The Doctor had 
 by this time, in consequence of advancing age and indifferent health, resigned the 
 charge of his congregation on a retiring salary of £150; and other sources of 
 annual income had been dried up at the same time. He would, therefore, 
 willingly have had the pension restored by Government, and addressed himself to 
 Earl Spencer with that view. The Earl, unable to effect any change in the 
 councils of King William, generously and in the most delicate terms offered to 
 continue the Doctor s allowance out of his own pocket, and at once sent an order 
 on the house of Sir William Forbes & Co. for the first half-yearly payment. This 
 munificence on the part of a stranger to one having no possible claim upon him, 
 save as a man of letters, whom he might imagine to be placed in difficulties in his 
 old age by a measure of financial economy, made a deep impression on Dr. 
 Jamieson's mind ; and it may well be supposed, that although he declined the 
 proffered assistance, he did so with much feeling, and with expressions of sincere 
 gratitude. The correspondence about this affair must have left warm feelings of 
 mutual regard and satisfaction in the minds of both these excellent men ; indeed, 
 so much was this the case, that Earl Spencer left him by will a legacy of £100 
 per annum, as a mark of his esteem and respect. In 1833 the pension was in Dr. 
 Jamieson's case restored through some secret court influence ; Earl Grey, then 
 Premier, himself announcing that the Doctor had been placed on his Majesty's 
 Civil List for a pension to the amount of that which he had lost by the dissolution 
 of the Literary Society instituted by George the Fourth. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson's severest affliction had been in seeing the greater part of his 
 numerous family descend to the grave before him : some in infancy and childhood, 
 but others in the prime of life and of usefulness. Of seven sons who reached 
 manhood, only one survived him. Three died in India ; of whom two had arrived 
 at distinction in the medical service. His second son, Mr. Robert Jameson, an 
 eminent member of the Scottish bar, long in lucrative practice, and entitled to 
 look forward to the highest honours of his profession, was cut off a few years before 
 his venerable parent. But his last, and the heaviest blow of all, was the loss of 
 Mrs. Jamieson, a lady equally remarkable for the good qualities of her head and 
 of her heart, and who had shared his lot for fifty-five years. 
 
 In the latter years of his life. Dr. Jamieson suffered much from bilious attacks, 
 for which he was recommended to try the waters of different noted Spas in Scot- 
 land. From such stations as Pitcaithley, the Moffat Wells, or Inverleithen, he 
 was in the habit of making rounds of visits to those families of the neighbouring 
 nobility and gentry who had been among his earlier friends. The banks of the 
 Tweed between Peebles and Berwick had ever been to him a more favourite and 
 familiar haunt than even the banks of his native Clyde ; and many of the happiest 
 
MEMOIR OF DR. JAMIESON. 15 
 
 days of his later summers were spent amidst the lovely scenes of " Tweedside," 
 and among the friends and relatives which he possessed in that classic district. 
 He had always been fond of angling ; and in the Tweed and its tributary streams, 
 he socially pursued the " gentle craft/' almost to the close of life. Of the houses 
 which he had long been in the habit of visiting on Tweedside, none seems to have 
 left a more indelible impression on his memory than Ashestiel, the happy 
 intermediate residence of Sir Walter Scott, whom Dr. Jamieson had first visited 
 in his little cottage at Lasswade, and, — for the last of many times, — in the lordly 
 halls of Abbotsford only a very short while before Scott went abroad, never again 
 to return — himself. 
 
 One of the most important public affairs in which Dr. Jamieson was ever 
 engaged, was bringing about the union of the two branches of the Secession, the 
 Burghers and Antiburghers. Those only who understand the history of these 
 great divisions of the Seceders, and their mutual jealousies and dissensions, can 
 appreciate the difficulty and the value of the service of again uniting them, and 
 the delicacy, sagacity, and tact which it required. To this healing measure, 
 which he had deeply at heart. Dr. Jamieson was greatly instrumental. 
 
 Notwithstanding his bilious and nervous disorders, the Doctor seems, 
 considering his laborious and often harassing life, to have enjoyed up to a great 
 age a tolerable measure of health. His " Recollections" to which he appears to 
 have added from time to time as memory restored the more interesting events 
 and reminiscences of his earlier years, seem to have terminated abruptly in 1836. 
 He died in his house in George's Square, Edinburgh, on the 12th of July, 1838, 
 universally regretted, esteemed, and beloved for his learning, piety, and social 
 qualities, and as one of the links which connected Scottish society with the past. 
 
 Besides the different books which Dr. Jamieson edited, such as Barbour's Bruce, 
 and Blind Harry's Wallace, in two volumes quarto, Slezer's Theatrum Scotice, 
 with a memoir of the author, and other works, — among the more important of his 
 multifarious original writings are the following : — 
 
 Socinianism Unmasked 
 
 The Sorrows of Slavery. A poem. 
 
 Sermons on the Heart, 2 vols. 8vo. . 
 
 Congal and Fenella. A metrical tale, in two parts. 
 
 Reply to Dr. Priestley, 2 vols. 
 
 Eternity. A poem. .... 
 
 Remarks on Rowland Hill's Journal. . 
 
 The Use of Sacred History, 2 vols. 8vo. 
 
 An Important Trial in the Court of Conscience, 12mo 
 
 An Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language, 2 vols. 
 
 4to. ....... Edinburgh, 1808 
 
 Abridgment of Dictionary, 8 vo. . . . . . 1818 
 
 1786. 
 London, 1789. 
 London, 1790. 
 London, 1791. 
 
 1795. 
 
 1798. 
 
 1799. 
 
 1802. 
 
 1806. 
 
16 MEMOm OF DR. JAMIESON. 
 
 An Historical Account of the Ancient Culdees of lona. . Edinburgh, 1811. 
 
 Hermes Scythicus, or the Radical Affinities of the Greek and 
 
 Latin Languages to the Gothic, 8vo. . . . Edinburgh, 1814. 
 
 Supplement to Dictionary of the Scottish Language, 2 vols. 4to. Edinburgh, 1825. 
 Historical Account of the Royal Palaces of Scotland. . Edinburgh, 
 
 Besides these works, he left in MS. carefully prepared for the press, a series of 
 Dissertations on the ReaUty of the Spirit's Influence, on which he had been en- 
 gaged for more than fifty years. Shortly before his death he entrusted the work 
 to two of his dearest friends, and instructed them to dispose of it to the best ad- 
 vantage, and to devote the proceeds to the fund for aiding the orphans and 
 decayed ministers of the Secession. For various reasons the work was not pub- 
 lished till 1844, and its success has been very limited. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson at different periods received Hterary honours. He was a mem- 
 ber of the Society of Scottish Antiquaries, and long acted as one of its secretaries. 
 He was a member of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh ; of the American 
 Antiquarian Society of Boston ; and of the Copenhagen Society of Northern Litera- 
 ture ; and, while it .existed, he was a Royal Associate of the first class of the 
 Literary Society instituted by George IV. At a comparatively early period of his 
 career he received, as has been mentioned above, the degree of Doctor in Divinity, 
 with a regular diploma from the College of New Jersey, in the United States of 
 America. 
 
LIST OF BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS, AND EDITIONS 
 QUOTED IN THIS WORK. 
 
 Aaskn's Norsk Ordbog, Christiania, 1873, Referred to 
 
 by Norw. 
 Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland, vol 
 
 i., A.D. 1473-1498, ed. Thomas Dickson, LL.D, Edin 
 
 1877. Scot. Record Series. 
 Acts of the Lords Auditors of Causes and Complaints 
 
 1466-1494, ed. Thomas Thomson. Edin., 1839. Scot, 
 
 Record Series. 
 Acts of the Lords of Council in Civil Causes, a.d. 1478 
 
 1495, ed. Thomas Thomson. Edin., 1839. Scot, 
 
 Record Series. 
 Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, ed. Thomas Thorn 
 
 son and Cosmo Innes, 12 vols. Edin., 1814-1875 
 
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 .(Eneid of Virgil Translated into Scottish Verse by 
 
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 Agricultural Surveys of the Counties of Scotland., Edin,, 
 
 V. Y. 
 Alliterative Romance of Alexander, ed. Rev, Joseph 
 
 Stevenson, M.A, London, 1849, Roxburghe Club 
 
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 Ancient Ballads and Songs of the North of Scotland, 
 
 ed, Peter Buchan, 2 vols, Edin., 1828. 
 Ancient Laws and Customs of the Burghs of Scotland, 
 
 1124-1424, ed, Cosmo Innes, Edin., 1868. Burgh Rec. 
 
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 Ancient Mysteries Described, by W. Hone, London, 1823, 
 Ancient Scottish Ballads, ed, G, R, Kinloch, Edin., 1827, 
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 Sir D, Dalrymple, Edin., 1770, 
 Ancient Scottish Poems — The Gaberlunzie-Man, and 
 
 Christ's Kirk on the Green, ed. John Callander, Esq. 
 
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 in Scotland ; Pitcairn's Criminal Trials ; Scottish Pro- 
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 Berlin, and pub. by Henniger Bros., Heilbronn. 
 
 Bellenden's Historie and Croniklis of Scotland. Edin., 
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 Translation of the First Five Books of Livy. 
 
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 Black Book of Taymouth, with other papers from the 
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Blame of Kirkburiall, Tending to Perswade Cemiteriall 
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 Blount's Law Dictionary, second edition. London, 1691. 
 
 Book of Customs and Valuation of Merchandises in Scot- 
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 Book of Days : A Miscellany of Popular Antiquities, ed. 
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 Book of the Universal Kirk of Scotland : Acts and Pro- 
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 Bosworth's Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, London, 1838. 
 
 Compendious Anglo-Saxon and English Dic- 
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 , Footdee in the Last Century, and The 
 
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 Douglas, rendered by George Smith : see 
 
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 Bulk of the Croniclis of Scotland, or a Metrical Version 
 
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 Sl61*16S 
 
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 - The Scottish Songs, collected 
 
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 Miscellany of Popular Scot- 
 
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 Burns. Edin. n. d. 
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 Book of Days : a Miscellany 
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 Burgh 
 
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 of the Abbey of Crossraguel, 2 vols. Ayr and 
 
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 Furnival. Chaucer Soc. 
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 Coventry Mysteries, ed. J. O. Halliwell. Shakespeare 
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19 
 
 Criminal Trials in Scotland from 1488 to 1624, ed. Robert 
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 Cromek's Reliques of Rotiert Burns. London, 1808. 
 
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 Select Scottish Songs, 2 vols. London, 1810. 
 
 Cunningham, Allan, Songs of Scotland, Ancient and 
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 D. 
 
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 Diary of Mr. James Melvill, Minister of Kilrenny, 1556- 
 
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 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents in Scotland since the 
 
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 1874. 
 Douglas, a Tragedy by John Home, rendered in the 
 
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 F, 
 
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 Farmers' Ha', and Ha'rst Rig, by Dr. C. Keith, see Misc. 
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 Field Book of Sports and Pastimes of the United King- 
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 G. 
 
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 Gait, John, Works of ; including Annals of the Parish, 
 The Provost, Sir Andrew Wylie, The Entail, The 
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 Gawayne and the Green Knight, an Alliterative Ro- 
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 Genesis and Exodus, The Story of, ed. Dr. Richard 
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 Records of the Incorporated Trades in Glas- 
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20 
 
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 David Laing. Edin., 1868. 
 Guest, E., History of English Rhythms, 2 vols. London, 
 
 1838. 
 
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 Hamilton, Janet, Poems and Ballads. Glasgow, 1873. 
 
 Hamilton. — The Catechism Set Forth by Archbishop 
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 Hampole, Richard RoUe de. — Pricke of Conscience, a 
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 Harp of Renfrewshire : a Collection of Songs and other 
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 Harp of Caledonia, a Collection of Songs Ancient and 
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 Havelok the Dane, ed. Dr. W. W. Skeat and Sir F. 
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 Haydn's Dictionary of Dates, thirteenth edition, by B. 
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 Henryson, R., Poems and Fables, with Notes and Me- 
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 Moral Fables, reprinted from Hart's ed., 
 
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 Herd, David : see Songs Ancient and Modern. 
 
 Hermes Scytbicus, or the Radical Affinities of the Greek 
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 History of the Troubles in Scotland, from 1624 to 1646, 
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 The Queen's Wake. London and Edin- 
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 Paisley, 1882. 
 
 I. 
 
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 Innes, Cosmo, Sketches of Early Scotch History. Edin- 
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 . ■ Scotland in the Middle Ages. Edinburgh, 
 
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 Scottish Surnames. Edinburgh, 1860. 
 
 Innes, Thomas. — Critical Essay on the Ancient Inha- 
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 Irving, David, The History of Scottish Poetry from the 
 
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 J. 0. Halliwell. 1844. 
 
 Jacobite Relics of Scotland, ed. James Hogg, 2 vols. 
 
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 James First of Scotland, the Life and Death of, ed. Rev. 
 
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 James the Sext, the Historic and Life of, ed. Thomas 
 
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 Johnny Gibb of Gushetneuk, in the Parish of Pyketillim, 
 
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 K. 
 
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 Alexander Montgomery's Poems. Edinburgh, 1821. 
 
 Select Remains of the Ancient Popular Poetry of 
 
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 History of Roswall and Lillian. Edinburgh, 1822. 
 
 Book of the Howlate by Holland. Bannatyne 
 
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 Fugitive Scottish Poetry of the Seventeenth Cen- 
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 History of Sir Egeir, Sir Gryme, and Sir Gray- 
 
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 The Knightly Tale of Golagras and Gawane, and 
 
 other Ancient Poems. Edinburgh, 1827. 
 
 Ancient Scottish Prophecies in Alliterative Verse. 
 
 Bannatyne Club, Edinburgh, 1833. 
 
 Dunbar's Poetical Works, 2 vols. Edinburgh. 
 
 1834, with Supplement, 1865. 
 
 The Seven Sages, by John Rolland of Dalkeith. 
 
 Bannatyne Club, Edinburgh, 1837. 
 
 Works of John Knox, 6 vols. Wodrow Society, 
 
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 Sir Degarre, a Metrical Romance of the 13th Cen- 
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 Diary of Alexander Brodie of ISrodie, 1652-1685. 
 
 Spalding Club, Aberdeen, 1863. 
 
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 The Gude and Godly Ballates, Edinburgh, 1868. 
 
 Wyntoun's Chronicle, 3 vols. (Historians of Scot- 
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 Sir David Lindsay's Poetical Works, 3 vols. Edin- 
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 Laird of Logan, Anecdotes and Tales illustrative of Scot- 
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 Layamon's Brut, ed. by Sir F. Madden, 3 vols., (Soc. 
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21 
 
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 Leo, Prof. H. — On the Local Nomenclature of the Anglo- 
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 Low German ; see Bremen Worterbuch. 
 
 Low Latin ; see Ducange. 
 
 Lyndesay, Sir D., Works of. E.E.T.S., 1865-8. 
 
 Poetical Works, ed. David Laing, 3 
 
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 Memorials of Transactions in Scotland, from 1569 to 
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 Million of Potatoes ; see Misc. Pop. Scot. Poems, 
 
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 Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, ed. Sir W. Scott, 4 
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 Miscellany of Popular Scottish Poems, including Peblis 
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 Miscellany of the Spalding Club, 5 vols. Aberdeen, 
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 Poetical Works of, ed. James 
 
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 N. 
 
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 1824. 
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 1873. 
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 O, 
 
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 Old Glasgow from the Roman Occupation to the 
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 Old Dutch ; see Kilian and Sewel. 
 
 Old French ; see Cotgrave, Burguy, and Roquefort. 
 
 Old Norsk Ordbog, ed, Johau Fritzner, Christiania, 
 1867. 
 
 Orcadian Sketch Book, W, T, Dennison, Kirkwall, 
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 Orfeo and Heurodis ; see Laing's Anc. Pop, Poetry of 
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 Origines Parochiales Scotiae : The Antiquities Ecclesias- 
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 Orkneyinga Saga, translated by Hjaltalin and Goudie, 
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 Ornithological Dictionary, by Col, G, Montagu, F,L.S,, 
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 P. 
 
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 Palsgrave, Lesclaircissement de la Langue Francoyse, 
 
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 Peacock, E. — Glossary of Words used in the Wappen- 
 
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 Peterkin's Notes on Orkney and Zetland. Edin., 1822, 
 
 Rentals of Orkney, Edin,, 1820, 
 
 Philological Essays of Rev. R. Garnett. London, 1859. 
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 1861. 
 Piers Plowman. — The Vision of William concerning 
 
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 Select Scottish Ballads, 2 vols. 
 
 London, 1783. 
 Scottish Tragic and Comic Ballads, 
 
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 Scottish Poems Reprinted, 3 vols. 
 
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 Pop. Scot. Poems. 
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22 
 
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 R. 
 
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 1876. 
 
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 Rauf Coilyear ; see Laing's Anc. Pop. Poetry of Scot- 
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 Eng. Dial. Soc, 1874. 
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 Regiam Majestatem : The Auld Laws and Constitutions 
 
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 Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, 1545-1607, ed. 
 
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 Reminiscences of the Pen Folk, by David Gilmour, 
 
 second edition. Paisley, 1873. 
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 Richthofen's Altfreisisches Worterbuch. Gottingen, 
 
 1840. 
 Ritson, Joseph, Ancient Popular Poetry. London, 1833. 
 Ancient Songs and Ballads, 2 vols. Lon- 
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 Henryson, ed. George Chalmers. Edin., 1824. Bann. 
 
 Club. 
 Robert of Brunne, Handlyng Syne, ed. F. J. Fumivall. 
 
 Rox. Club, 1862. 
 Robert of Gloucester's Chronicle, ed. T. Heame, 2 vols. 
 
 Oxford, 1/24. 
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 Rob Stene's Dream, a Poem, printed from a MS. in the 
 
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 Romance Languages. — Etymological Dictionary of the 
 
 Romance Languages, chiefly from the German of F. 
 
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 Roquefort, J. B. B., Glossaire de la Langue Romane, 2 
 
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 1802. 
 
 S. 
 
 Scotch Legal Antiquities, Lectures on, by Cosmo Innes 
 
 Edinburgh, 1872. 
 Scotland under Her Early Kings, by E. W. Robertson, 
 
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 Scots Poems, Watson's Collection of. in 3 parts, 1706 
 
 1711, reprint Glasgow, 1869. 
 Scott, Alex., Poems of, repi-int. Glasgow, 1882. 
 Scottish Ballads, Historical and Romantic, ed. John Fin 
 
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 Scottish Poems of the 16th Centuty, ed. Sir J. G. Dalyell 
 
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 Scottish Poets, Modern, ed. D. H. Edwards. Brechin 
 
 7 vols., V.Y. 
 Scottish Proverbs, collected and arranged by A. Hender 
 
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 collected and arranged by Alex. His 
 
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 collected by Allan Ramsay, Edinburgh 
 
 1776. 
 
 Scottish Text Society Publications — The Kingis Quair, 
 Court of Venus, Dunbar's Poems, Blind Harry's Wal 
 lace, Leslie's History of Scotland, Sir Tristrem. 
 Scottish Gael ; or Celtic Manners, by James Logan : ed 
 
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 Scottish Gallovidian Encyclopedia, ed. John Mactaggart 
 
 reprint, Glasgow, 1876. 
 Scott, Sir W'alter, Select Poetry of, 6 vols. Edinburgh, 
 
 1849. 
 Scottish Record Publications — 
 
 Acts of Parliaments of Scotland, ed. Thomas Thomson 
 
 and Cosmo Innes, 12 vols. Edinburgh, 1814-75. 
 Acts of the Lords of Council in Civil Causes, a.d. 1478- 
 
 1495. 
 Acts of the Lords Auditors of Causes and Complaints, 
 
 A.D. 1466-1494. 
 Registrum Magni Sigilli Regum Scotorum, a.d. 1306- 
 
 1546. 
 Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, 1545-1607. 
 Exchequer Rolls of Scotland, 1264-1469. 
 Accounts of Lord High Treasurer, 1473-1498. 
 Ledger of Andrew Halyburton, 1492-1503. 
 Documents Illustrative of the History of Scotland, 
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 Sempill Ballates. — The Poems of Robert, James, and 
 
 Francis Scrapie. Edin., 1870. 
 Seven Sages, a Poem in Scottish Metre by John RoUand 
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 Seven Sages, in English Verse, ed. Thos. Wright. Lon- 
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 Sewel's Old Dutch Dictionary. Amsterdam, 1754. 
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 Specimens of English Literature ; Piers Plowman ; 
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 Shakespeare's Works, Glossary to, by Rev. A. Dyce. 
 
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 Sibbald, J. — Chronicle of Scottish Poetry, from the 
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 Siller Gun, by J. Mayne ; see Misc. Pop. Scot. Poems. 
 Sir Gawan and Sir Galaron of Galloway ; see Pinkerton's 
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 Sir Gawayne ; A Collection of Ancient Romance Poems, 
 
 ed. SirF. Madden, Edin., 1839. Bann. Club. 
 Sir Tristrem, ed. George P. M'Neill, LL.B. Edin., 
 1886. Scot. Text Soc. 
 
23 
 
 Skene, W.F., Celtic Scotland : A History of Ancient 
 
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 1859. 
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 1776. 
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 Troubles in Scotland, The Brus, Thanes of Cawdor, 
 
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 Spanish and English Dictionary, by F. C. Meadows, 
 
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 by M. Velasquez de 
 
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 Specimens of Early English, a.d. 1298-1393, by Dr. 
 
 Morris and the Rev. Dr. Skeat, new edition, revised 
 
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 Specimens of English Literature, a.d. 1394-1579, by the 
 
 Rev. Dr. Skeat. Oxford, 1879. 
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 compiled from writings of the 12th, 13th, 14th and 15th 
 
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 Swedish.— The Tauchnitz Swedish and English Dic- 
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 1867. 
 
 1769. 
 
 -Ihre's Suio-Gothic Glossary, 2 vols. Upsal, 
 
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 History of English Sounds. London. 1874 
 
 (E. p. S.). 
 Symmie and his Bruder ; see Laing's Anc. Pop. Poetry 
 
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 T. 
 
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 F.S.A. Paisley, 1876. 
 Taylor, L — Words and Places, third edition. London. 
 
 1873. 
 Tennant, William.— Anster Fair, and other Poems. 
 
 Edin., 1814. 
 ■ Papistry Stormed, or the Dingin' 
 
 down o' the Cathedral. Edin., 1827. 
 Thanes of Cawdor : Papers selected from the Charter 
 
 Room of Cawdor, and ed. by Cosmo Innes. Aberdeen, 
 
 1859. Spald. Club. 
 Thom, William. — Rhymes and Recollections of a Hand- 
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 London, 1857, 
 Towneley Mysteries, (Surtees Society), London, 1836, 
 Trench, R, C., English Past and Present, seventh edi- 
 tion. London, 1870. 
 On the Study of Words, thirteenth edition. 
 
 London, 1869. 
 A Select Glossary, fourth edition. London, 
 
 1873. 
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 1864. 
 
 v., W., Y. 
 
 Vieyra's Portuguese and English Dictionary, 2 vols. 
 
 Paris, 1837. 
 Virgil's ^neis, translated into Scottish Verse by the 
 
 famous Gawin Douglas, Bishop of Dunkeld, ed. Thomas 
 
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 Wackernagel's Altdeutsches Handworterbuch. Basle, 
 
 1861. Referred to by 0. H. Ger., and M. H. Ger. 
 Wallace — Blind Harry's Wallace, ed. from the Edinburgh 
 
 MS. by John Jamieson, D.D. Edin., 1820. 
 ed. James Moir, M.A. 
 
 Edin., 1884-6. Scot. Text Soc. 
 W^atson's Collection of Scots Poems, in three parts, 1706- 
 
 11, reprint, Glasgow, 1869. 
 Watson, Walter, Poems and Songs of. Glasgow, 1877. 
 Watty and Meg, and Loss o' the Pack ; see Alex. Wilson's 
 
 Poems, or Misc. Pop. Scot. Poems. 
 Webster, N., New Illustrated Unabridged Dictionary, 
 
 ed. C. A. Goodrich and N. Porter. London, 1880. 
 Wedgwood, H., Dictionary of English Etymology, 
 
 second edition. London, 1872. 
 Welsh and English Dictionary, by W. Spurrell, second 
 
 edition. Carmarthen, 1859. 
 Whistle Binkie, or the Piper of the Party, 2 vols. 
 
 Glasgow, 1878. 
 Whitelaw, Alex., Book of Scottish Ballads, with 
 
 Historical and Critical Notices. Glasgow, 1845. 
 Book of Scottish Song, with Historical and 
 
 Critical Notices. Glasgow, 1855. 
 Wife of Aiichtermuchty ; see Ramsay's Evergreen, and 
 
 Misc. Pop. Scot. Poems. 
 Will and Jean ; see Misc. Pop. Scot. Poems. 
 William of Palerne, ed. Dr. Skeat, (E.E.T.S., extra 
 
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 Wilson, Alexander, Poems and Literary Prose, ed. Rev, 
 
 A. B. Grosart, 2 vols. Paisley, 1876. 
 Winzet's Tractates for Reformation of Doctrine and 
 
 Manners in Scotland. 1562-3. Reprint, Edinburgh, 
 
 1835. Mait. Club. 
 Witchcraft in Scotland, History of, by C. K. Sharpe, 
 
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 1872-9. (Hist, of Scotland). 
 York Mystery Plays, ed. L. Toulmin Smith. Oxford, 
 
 1885. 
 
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS WORK. 
 
 L— ETYMOLOGICAL EEFEEENCES. 
 
 ^.->S'. 
 
 Celt. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Dan. 
 
 Du. 
 
 E. 
 
 Fr. 
 
 Fries. 
 
 Gael. 
 
 Ger. 
 
 Goth. 
 
 Gr. 
 
 Icel. 
 Ir. 
 Ital. 
 Lot. 
 L. Ger. 
 
 L. Lot. 
 
 Anglo-Saxon ; as in the Dictionaries of 
 
 Bosworth, Etmiiller, and Grein ; and in 
 
 Wright's Vocabularies edited by Wulcker. 
 Celtic ; used as a general term for Irish, 
 
 Gaelic, Welsh, Cornish, &c, 
 Cornish ; as in Williams' Diet., 1865. 
 Danish ; as in Ferrall and Eepp, 1861. 
 Dutch ; as in the Tauchnitz Dutch Diet. 
 Modem English ; as in Webster's Diet. 
 French ; as in Hamilton and Legros, 1872. 
 
 See also the Dictionaries by Brachet and 
 
 Littre. 
 Friesic ; as in Eichthofen, 1840. 
 Gaelic ; as in Macleod and Dewar, 1839, 
 German; as in Fliigel, 1861. 
 Moeso-Gothic ; as in Skeat's Glossary, 1868. 
 Greek ; as in Liddell and Scott's Lexicon, 
 
 1849. 
 Icelandic ; as in Cleasby and Vigfusson, 1874. 
 Irish ; as in O'Eeilly, 1864. 
 Italian ; as in Millhouse, 1857. 
 Latin ; as in White and Eiddle, 1876. 
 Low German ; as in the Bremen Worter- 
 
 buch, 1767. 
 Low Latin ; as in the Lexicon Manuale 
 
 (abridged from Ducange) by Maigne 
 d'Arnis, 1866. 
 
 M. E. Middle English (English from the thir- 
 teenth to the fifteenth centuries in- 
 clusive) ; as in Stratmann's Old 
 English Diet., 3rd edition, 1878. 
 
 M.H. Ger. Middle High German ; as in Wacker- 
 nagel's Worterbuch, 1861. 
 
 Norm. Norwegian ; as in Aasen's Norsk Ordbog, 
 1873. 
 
 0. Du. Old Dutch ; as in Kilian, 1642, or Sewel, 
 1754. 
 
 0. Fr. Old French ; as in the Dictionaries by 
 Cotgrave, Burguy, or Eoquefort. 
 
 0. H. Ger. Old High German ; as in Wackernagel's 
 Worterbuch, 1861. 
 
 O. Sax. Old Saxon ; as in the Heliand, ed. 
 Heyne. 
 
 Port. Portuguese ; as in Vieyra, 1837. 
 
 Scand. Scandinavian ; used as a general term 
 for Icelandic, Danish, Swedish, and 
 Norwegian. 
 
 Span. Spanish ; as in Meadows', 1856. 
 
 Sived. Swedish ; as in the Tauchnitz Diet. 
 
 Swed.dial. Swedish dialects ; as in Eietz, 1867. 
 
 Teut, Teutonic ; used as a general term for 
 
 Dutch, German, and Scandinavian. 
 
 W. or Welsh. Welsh ; as in Spurrell, 1861. 
 
 II.— OTHEE ABBEEVIATIONS. 
 
 C. 
 
 ace. 
 adj. 
 adv. 
 A. V. 
 
 Bann. 
 
 comp. 
 conj. 
 dot. 
 der. 
 dimin. 
 E. D. S. 
 E.E.T.S. 
 J. or fern, 
 frequent, 
 gen. 
 i.e. 
 
 imper. 
 inf. 
 interj. 
 lit. 
 
 Mait. C. 
 m. or masc. 
 n. or neut. 
 
 accusative case. 
 
 adjective. 
 
 adverb. 
 
 Authorised Version of the Bible, 1611. 
 
 Bannatyne Club Series. 
 
 confer, i.e. compare. 
 
 comparative. 
 
 conjunction. 
 
 dative case. 
 
 derivative. 
 
 diminutive. 
 
 English Dialect Society Series. 
 
 Early English Text Society Series. 
 
 feminine. 
 
 frequentative. 
 
 genitive case. 
 
 id est, that is. 
 
 imperative mood. 
 
 infinitive mood. 
 
 interjection. 
 
 literally. 
 
 Maitland Club Series. 
 
 masculine. 
 
 neuter. 
 
 nom. 
 
 nominative case. 
 
 obs. 
 
 obsolete. 
 
 orig. 
 
 original, or originally. 
 
 part. pr. 
 
 participle present. 
 
 part. pt. 
 
 participle past. 
 
 pi. 
 
 plural. 
 
 prep. 
 
 preposition. 
 
 pret. 
 
 preterite. 
 
 pr. t. 
 
 present tense. 
 
 proh. 
 
 probably. 
 
 pron. 
 
 •pronoun. 
 
 q. V. 
 
 quod vide = which see. 
 
 Rec. Soc. 
 
 Burgh Eecords Society Series 
 
 s. or sb. 
 
 substantive. 
 
 sing. 
 
 singular. 
 
 Sp. C. 
 
 Spalding Club Series. 
 
 S. T. S. 
 
 Scottish Text Society Series. 
 
 stiperl. 
 
 superlative. 
 
 S. V. 
 
 sub verbo = under the word. 
 
 sijn. 
 
 synonym, or synonymous. 
 
 tr. 
 
 translated, or translation. 
 
 V. or vb. 
 
 verb. 
 
 var. 
 
 variant. 
 
 Abbreviations not explained in these lists will be readily understood by referring to 
 the List of Books and MSS. 
 
~ OF THK ' r 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 SUPPLEMENT 
 
 ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE SCOTTISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 A. 
 
 A, Aa; Ae, Au, Aw, 0, Ow, s. Water ; and 
 applied in various ways to the sea, a river, 
 stream, spring, fountain, &c., of which there 
 are abundant traces remaining in almost 
 all the districts colonised by Norsemen or 
 Danes ; as in Laxa, salmon river ; Brora, 
 bridge river ; Thurso, Thor's river ; &c. 
 
 The terminations <m, aw, o, ow, are forms of Gael. 
 abh, water ; as in the Awe in Scot., and the Ow in 
 Ireland. 
 
 A.-S. da, water. 
 
 A', Aw, adj. and s. 1. All : with applications 
 as in E. 
 
 2. Every ; as, " A' body sais sae," every one 
 
 says so. Ajid when followed by a, pi. s., 
 
 it means ever^ with the sense of each ; as, 
 
 " a' folks" every body, each and all. 
 
 This latter application may be well illustrated by the 
 notice given long ago to the scholars of a country 
 school, when winter had set in, and the school fire was 
 to be set a going next day. The teacher having 
 intimated the welcome news before dismissal, wound 
 up with the stern laconic order, — "Noo, min' ! a' bairns 
 brings a peat the mom." 
 
 AABER, adj. Eager to obtain a thing, Gl. 
 Shetl. 
 
 Icel, os/r, vehement ; Dan. ivrig, Sw. ifrig, eager. 
 
 To AABIN, Abin, v. a. To half-thresh a 
 sheaf before giving it to horses ; Orkn. 
 
 " The sheaf being held in the hands is raised upwards ; 
 then, by a sudden downward stroke, against some 
 fixture, the bulk of the best grain is knocked off." J. 
 
 W. CURSITER. 
 
 The sheaf when so treated is called an aaber, aber, 
 or abir, i.e., a halfer, from Goth, halbs, a half; Icel. 
 hdl/r ; Dan. halv. Aabin, then, is to halve the sheaf 
 between man and beast. 
 
 Aabir, Aaber, Abir, s. A sheaf of grain 
 half-threshed ; lit. a halfer or halved one, 
 Orkn. V. Aabin. 
 
 AAR, AuR, s. A scar, S. ; an animus or 
 ill-feeling, a grudge, Ayrs., Orkn. V. Aur. 
 
 AARNIT, AURNIT, s. The pignut ; the root 
 or tuber of Bunium flexuosum, Linn. 
 Clydes. V. Arnut. 
 
 A.-S. eorihe-hnut; Dutch, aardnoot ; E. earth-nut, 
 AB, s. Check, hindrance, impediment, Orkn. 
 To Ab, v. a. and n. To hinder, keep back, 
 
 place at a disadvantage ; also, to pain, cause 
 
 pain, ibid. 
 
 This is prob. a contr. of aback, and an adaptation to 
 colloquial use. Mr. Cursiter gives it as common in 
 Orkney, 
 
 ABAISING, Abaisin, Abasin, part. pr. Abu- 
 sing, hurting, ill-treating by word or act ; 
 South and West of S. : abeising, Aberd. 
 Used also as a s. 
 
 ABANDOUN, adv. Abandoned, left to my- 
 self, all alone. 
 
 Without comfort, in sorowe dbandoun. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 25. 
 
 O. Fr. "A bandon, at large ;" Cotgr. 
 
 ABASING, Abaysing, Abaysyng, s. Draw- 
 ing back, cowardice, dismay. V. AbaYS. 
 
 Of sic confort men mycht thaim se. 
 And of sa richt fair.contenyng, 
 As nane of thame h&A. abasing. 
 
 Barbour, xvii. 322. 
 
 Thre sper-lynth, I trow [weill] mycht be 
 Betuix thame, quhen sic abasing 
 Tuk thame, but mar, into a swyng. 
 Thai gaf the bak all, and to-ga. 
 
 Ibid., ivil 573, C. MS, 
 
ABA 
 
 [2] 
 
 ABU 
 
 To ABAUNDOUNE, v. reji. To behave 
 oneself boldly, fight recklessly. V. Aban- 
 don. 
 
 Thar men mycht se, that had beyn neir 
 Men abaundoune thame hardily. 
 
 Barbour, xvii, 143. Skeat. 
 
 AbaUNDANLY, adv. In disorderly manner, 
 straggling; also, recklessly, boldly. V, 
 ABANDONLY. 
 
 Thai yschit all abaundanly 
 And prikit furth sa vilfully 
 To wyn the ladis at thai saw pas. 
 
 Barbour, viii. 461. Skeat. 
 Bot quhen the nobill renownyt kyng, — 
 Saw how the Erll abaundonly 
 Tuk the playu feld, &c. 
 
 Barbour, xi. 629. Skeat. 
 
 ABAYSING, Abaysyng, s. Cowardice, dis- 
 may, abasement, Barbour, xi. 250. V. 
 Abasing. 
 
 ABBREID, adv. Abroad, Bann. MS., p. 348, 
 1. 40. V. Abreid. 
 
 ABEET, conj. Albeit, although, Ramsay. 
 
 ABEISING, Abeiseing, part pr. Loc. pron. 
 of abusing, hurting, ill-treating by word or 
 act, Aberd. 
 
 '•. . and for dbeiseing hir face, and making the 
 same bla," &c. Burgh Recs., Aberd., 6 Sept., 1641. 
 Fr. abuser, to abuse ; from Lat. abusus, 
 
 AB^LY'KT, part.pt. Dressed, fitted up. V. 
 Abulyeit. 
 
 ' ' Item, gevin to a currour passand to the Bischope 
 of Dunkeldin to mak his innys be abelyet for the am- 
 baxatouris, lis, vjd." Accts. Lord H. Treas. Scot., i. 
 52. Dickson. 
 
 ABELYEMENT, Abilyement, s. V. Abu- 
 liement. 
 
 ABESIE, s. An abbacy, Lyndsay, Thrie 
 Estaitis, 1. 1218. 
 
 To ABID, V. a. To wait for. Barbour, xviii. 
 65. V. Abyde. 
 
 ABIRGOUN, s. Habergeon, Bann. MS., p. 
 
 174, 1. 14. 
 ABIT, V. a. A form of ahideth^ abides, awaits, 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 133. 
 Another form is abyt. The term is used by Chaucer, 
 
 in Cant. Tales, 1. 16643 ; and the author of the Quair 
 
 has many loans from that source. 
 
 ABOK, Yabok, s. a name given to a gab- 
 bing, talkative, or impudent child. West 
 and South of S. V. Gabby. 
 
 ABONE, Aboon, p>rep. and adv. Above, 
 S. 
 
 Abone Broe, Aboon-Bree. Above water. 
 Of a person in difficulty, or one who has a 
 very small income, it is commonly said, — 
 " He can hardly keep his head abone-broe." 
 
 ABOUT THE BUSS, adv. Lit., about the 
 bush: round about; not direct, downright, 
 or straight-forward. Of an honest, earnest 
 man it is said, — " He never gaes about the 
 buss ; " S. 
 
 Frae we determinit to dee, 
 Or else to dim zou Cherrie- tree, 
 Thai bade aboid the hcss. 
 
 Montgomery, Cherrie and Slae, s. 46. 
 For Authors quha alleges us. 
 Thai wald not gae about the buss 
 To foster deadlie feid. 
 
 Ibid. Id., s. 77. 
 " To beat about the bush " is the usual form of the 
 phrase in England. 
 
 ABOVIN, Abovyn, Aboun, Abowyne, prep. 
 
 Above. A.-S. abufan. 
 
 And be the croun that was set 
 Abovin his hed on the basnet. 
 
 Barbour, xii. 38. Skeat. 
 
 Abovin, Abowyn, adv. Above, superiorly, 
 as victor; at thar abovin, in the better 
 case, having the upper hand ; Barbour, 
 xiv. 204. 
 
 stand [on] fer and behald vs to. 
 Gif thou seis me abovin be, 
 . Thou sail haf vapnys in gret plente. 
 
 Barbour, v. 599. Skbat. 
 
 To ABOYSE, v. a. To abuse. 
 
 "Item, at thai aboysis thar seruice whar thai haf 
 dispec at the assise noys thaim be streit keping of the 
 law, " &c. Chalmerlan Air, ch. 10. 
 
 ABSCENITIE, s. Obscenity, unclean thing, 
 filth, refuse. 
 
 ". . . that natures ct5sc«m<ies be decently couered 
 and oueruailed with her mother's mouldes." Blame of 
 Kirkburiall, ch. vi. 
 
 ABSCIDIT, part. pt. Cufc off", cut up, 
 mangled; Colkelbie Sow, 1. 845. 
 
 Lat. abscidere, to cut off. 
 
 To ABSCONSE, v. a. To hide, conceal. 
 
 That ye may wellis gif to my febill ene. 
 
 To testifie with teris my wofull cace. 
 
 And with your murning weid absconse my face. 
 
 Sempill Ballates, p. 162. 
 
 ABSOLUTE, adj. Unconditional; hence, 
 imperative, compulsory. 
 
 " . . yet the necessitie was neuer absolute, as we 
 shew before ; no not in the lawful! place, let be in the 
 Kirk." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. xix. 
 
 Lat. absolutus, from absolvere, to set free. 
 
 To ABSOVE, Absoue, v. a. To absolve, 
 free from, set free ; pret. and part. pt. 
 absovit, absouit. Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 
 18 Apr., 1539. 
 
 Lat. absolvere. 
 
 ABUF, Abuff, Abuffin, adv. Above, over 
 all, Barbour, xii. 172. V. Abovin. 
 
 ABUNE, Aboun, Abone, prep. Above, over, 
 abune ci, out of all character, unreasonable. 
 V. Abovin. 
 
ABY 
 
 [3] 
 
 ACK 
 
 "And ilke broustare sal put hir alewande ututh hir 
 house at hir wyndow or abune hir dur, that it may be 
 seabill communly til al men," &c. Burgh Lawis, oh. 
 63. 
 
 Magre thair fayis, thai bar thaim swa, 
 That thai ar gottyn dboun the bra. 
 
 Barbour, xviii. 454. 
 
 The phrase abune a' is common all over S. ; it is so 
 used in Orkn. and Shet. as well. 
 
 ABY, adv. and prep. Lit, on by, beside, aside 
 by : also, besides, beyond, same as forby. 
 
 And sum thair bene, waittis on the Quene, 
 Bet gaip ay quhill they get hir : 
 And war scho heir, I tak na fair. 
 The Feynd aby we set hir. 
 
 Sempill Ballates, p. 76. 
 " The Feyml aby," beside the fiend, at deil's distance, 
 like an outcast. 
 
 The term is still used in both senses ; but perhaps 
 more frequently a% forby ; as in the common colloquial 
 phrase, ' abune and aby a' that,' above and beyond all 
 that. 
 
 To ABY, V. a. To bu}'-, pay for, atone, pay 
 dear for, buy dear. V. Aby. 
 
 Let thanie be punyst and thar cryme aby. 
 
 Douglas, Eneados, Bk. x. oh. 1. 
 Dr. Jamieson's rendering of this term is defective 
 with all its fulness. 
 
 A. -S. abycgan, to buy, pay for, recompense j also re- 
 buy, redeem. 
 
 To ABYDE, V. n. To wait for, to face, re- 
 main. V. Abid. 
 
 Wes nana of thame that wes so wicht 
 That euir durst abyde his fere. 
 
 Barbour, xv. 63. 
 This is the reading of the Cambridge MS., the Edin. 
 MS. has abid, q. v. 
 
 AB YTE, s. Dress, habit, Dunbar, Bann. MS., 
 
 p. 328, 1. 28. V. Abbeit. 
 To AC, Ak, v. a. and n, V. Act. 
 ACAMY, Aoamie, adj. Small, diminutive: 
 
 used also as a s., and applied to any small 
 
 diminutive person or animal ; South and 
 
 West of S., Orkn. 
 
 This is prob. a corr. of atomy, short for anatomy in 
 the sense of a skeleton. 
 
 ACCEPTIONE, s. Distinction, difference; 
 like E. exception, as applied to persons. 
 
 '* . . . makkis na acceptions of persons," &c. 
 Compl. Scotland, p. 152. E.E.T.S. 
 
 0. Fr. acception, an acception ; also, a respect or 
 distinction of persons in judgment ; Cotgr. 
 
 ACCIDENTIS, Accidence, s. pi. Money on 
 hand, sums that have come dropping in 
 day by day ; occasional income : generally 
 used in the pi. V. Accedens. 
 
 " . . and pay for the samyn of the reddiest of the 
 accidentis that is in thair handis," &c. Burgh Recs. 
 Aberd., 21 Feb., 1592. Sp. C. 
 
 Lat. accido ; from ad, and cado, to fall. 
 
 To ACCLAIM, AcCLAME, v. a. To claim or 
 demand as one's right. Blame of Khk- 
 buriall, ch. xiii. V. AcCLAME. 
 
 ACCOMBENT, s. Accompaniment or com- 
 panion at feasts or meals. 
 
 " . . that so they might reserue their dead friends 
 extant to be ordinar accombents with them at their 
 tables." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. iv. 
 
 Lat. accumbens, reclining, used as a s. : accumbere 
 mensas, to recline at table. 
 
 ACCORDIS, According. Accordis to, is 
 agreeable to ; according for, fitting, requis- 
 ite, necessary for ; according to, pertaining 
 to, connected with. 
 
 ". . and allow as ye think accordis to resone." 
 Accts. Lord H. Treas. Scot., i. 166. Dickson. 
 
 " . . and al odir stuf according for hir to the clere 
 owte red to pass hir voyage," &c. Ibid., i. 125. 
 
 ". . to bring again certane thingis to the King 
 according to artilyery, powder, schot, and sic thing. " 
 Ibid., i. 69. 
 
 The term acordant was similarly used in E. ; as, 
 " acordant to resoun," Chaucer, Prol. 37. 
 
 To ACCRESE, Accresce, Accress, v. a. 
 and n. To increase, grow; yield interest. 
 
 V. ACRESE. 
 
 AccRESE, AccREis, AccRECE, s. IncrsasG ; 
 interest yielded, Burgh Recs. 
 
 ACH, inte7\ Ahl Generally expressive of 
 pain or disgust, Bann. MS., p. 1010, 1. 231. 
 
 S. 
 
 Gael, ach, id.; Ger. ach; Sw. ack, 
 
 ACHEAT, AcHET, part. pt. Escheat, es- 
 cheated. O. Fr. eschet, eschete. 
 
 ". . his gudis sal be ac7je<." Burgh Recs. Aberd., 
 27 Jan., 1481. 
 
 ACHEN, Aiken, s. A small bivalve found 
 in sandy bays. V. Aichan. 
 
 ACHER, s. An ear of corn ; icker, Burns, 
 Ayrs. V. ECHER. 
 
 " and drew ane acJier furth of the laid, and 
 
 said," &c. Trials for Witchcraft, Spald. Mis., i. 114. 
 
 A.-S. cechir, id. 
 
 ACHT, Aght, s. Possession ; duty ; right. 
 
 V. AUCHT. 
 
 This term under various spellings is so used all over 
 Scot, from Shetl. to the Cheviots. 
 
 ACHT AD, AcHTAND, Achtande, adj. 
 Eighth. V. AucHT. 
 
 " . . the achtad part of rig," i.e., the eighth part 
 of a bushel. Burgh Recs. Prestwick, p. 23. 
 
 " . . was accusit of destructione of iij achtande 
 partis of pes be his gude," &c. Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 
 2 May, 1503. 
 
 ACKWA, Acka, Acca, s. A contr. form 
 of aqitavitae, whiskey : '* a dram o' gude 
 ackwa ; " '' prime acca ; " West of S. 
 
 ACK WART, adj. Contrary'-, hindering: 
 also, difficult, troublesome, unfortunate, dis- 
 astrous ; Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. xii. V. 
 
 ACQUART. 
 
AGO 
 
 [4] 
 
 ADO 
 
 In the sense of unfortunate, disastrous, &c., this 
 term is still used throughout the Lowlands of Scotland 
 and in the jSiorth of England. A good illustration of 
 its colloquial use in the North of England is given in 
 George Stephenson's naive reply to his examiner before 
 a Pari, committee concerning the dangers of trains 
 running at high speed. To the supposition of a cow 
 straying on the line before such a train, George's ready 
 answer was, " It wad he ackart for the coo." 
 
 Bums used the form awkart. 
 
 ACOYSSING, s. Exchange, excambion. 
 
 " Gif forswith thai mak acoyssing or a change of 
 land amang thaim selff ilke ane of thaim sail geytf twa 
 pennyis." Burgh La wis, ch. 52. 
 
 O. Fr. acoiser, acoisier, aquiser, aquoiser, lit, to 
 appease, satisfy ; hence, to buy, purchase, exchange ; 
 from coit, a doublet of qiiitte, from Lat. quietus, quiet ; 
 Burguy. Here we have an explanation of the old 
 custom of striking hands and crying quit or quits at the 
 conclusion of a bargain, purchase, or exchange. 
 
 ACQUISITION, s. The act of acquiring 
 by purchase or barter ; purchase. 
 
 *' For the Jewes doe comprise all titular rights vnder 
 one of three : acquisition, like Abrahams (in the con- 
 queis of the caue, Gen. 23. ) ; Heredation, like Isaac's 
 (succeeding thereto); lucrifaction, like Jacob's, whose 
 ■wealth was the winning of his owne hand-hammers." 
 Birnie's Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. xix. 
 
 Fr. acquisition, id. ; and from the same source as 
 acoyssing, q. v. 
 
 ACQUORN, AccoRN, s. An acorn; Compl. 
 Scot., p. 144, E. E. T. S. 
 
 ACQUYT, pret. Freed : short for acquytit. 
 
 Quhen euir thai met thaim on the se. 
 He sent and acquyt him planly ; 
 And gave the trewis wp opynly. 
 
 Barbour, xix. 237. 
 
 To ACRE, AcKRE, AiKUR, v. a. To buy, 
 sell, let, deal, or work, by the acre, i.e., at 
 a fixed rate per acre; part. pr. acreiri, 
 aclcrin\ 
 
 In agricultural districts of Scot, this was a common 
 method of disposing of growing crops, and of arranging 
 for harvesting crops. 
 
 To ACT, Ac, V. a. and n. 1. To act, do, 
 transact, S. 
 
 2. To enter or enrol as an act ; synon., to buik. 
 
 " . . than comperit Archbald Dickyson and askyt 
 at the balyeis that thai wald caus the clerk to ac that 
 deliuerans in the common buk on hys expensis." 
 Burgh Rec. Peebles, 21 July, 1479. 
 
 3. To become surety or responsible for another. 
 
 " . . William Tait and James Mathiesone became 
 actit conjunctlie and seuerablie for William Mathie- 
 sone," &c. Burgh Eecs. Peebles, 1 Mar., 1629. 
 
 4. To appoint, command, sentence, summon. 
 
 " , . and vnderlye the saidis lawes als oft as he 
 salbe requyrit or acit thairto," &c. Burgh Rec. 
 Peebles, I Mar., 1629. 
 
 Ac, s. An act, law, rule, record. 
 
 ". . caus the clerk to mak an ac thairapon," &c. 
 Burgh Rec. Peeb., 14 Jan., 1481. 
 Ack is used for act in England also. 
 
 AcTiT, AcKiT, AciT, part. pt. Enacted ; ap- 
 pointed or resolved to be the law ; also, 
 entered in the books of the burgh as law or 
 judgment ; recorded. Hence, made or be- 
 come surety for another ; sentenced, sum- 
 moned. V. Act, Ac. 
 
 This term under various spellings is common in all 
 our Burgh Records, and in those of the higher courts. 
 
 Actor, Auctor, s. An author, writer ; 
 Compl. Scot., p. 25, E. E. T. S. 
 
 To ADDRESS, Adress,v. a. 1. To dress, pre- 
 pare, fit, or plan. In Golfing, to prepare 
 or make ready for striking the ball : part, 
 pres. addressing. 
 
 ". . their ceremonies consisting in three points: 
 First, in mourning for the dead ; next, in addressing 
 the corpse for the grave ; and last, in his conuoyance 
 thither. " Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. vii. 
 
 2. To array, collect, and set in order. 
 
 He gat soyne vittyug that thai weir 
 Cumand on him, and war so neir, 
 His men addressit he thame agane, 
 And gert thame stoutly tak the plane. 
 
 Barbour, xiv. 263, Skbat. 
 
 The meaning is similar to that of dress in dressing 
 the lines : indeed the Edin. MS. reads dressyt. 
 
 O. Fr. addresser, from dresser, to erect, set up^ 
 arrange. 
 
 Addres, Address, Addressement, s. Re- 
 dress, adjustment, arrangement. 
 
 " . . quhidder thai get ane addressement or nocht, 
 and to take the next-best, and gif it be found that thai 
 get ane sufficient addres," kc. Burgh Rec. Peebles, 16 
 Feb., 1570. 
 
 '• . . gif they can haif ane address of my lord 
 Regent grace, " &c. Burgh Rec. Peebles, 16 Feb., 1570; 
 also 12 Apr., 1570. 
 
 Addressement, s. Same as Address, q. v. 
 
 To ADDUCE, V. a. To lead on, entice^ 
 
 wheedle, beguile : part. pt. adduced. 
 
 " . . as he did punishe the seducing serpent with 
 a curse, the inducing Eua with a crosse of subjection 
 , . ,the ouereasily adduced Adam with the care and 
 sweatty labours of this militant lyfe," &c. Blame of 
 Kirkburiall, ch. xix. 
 
 ADJUTORIE, s. Aid, help, assistance ; 
 helper, assistant ; Dunbar, Ballad to Lord 
 Stewart, 1. 25. 
 Lat. adjutorium, help ; adjutor, helper. 
 
 ADMIRALITE, 5. Oversight; act or right 
 of inspection or examination: an old form 
 of right of search. 
 
 " . . askis and requiris admiralite of our saide 
 schip, to the gret tribill of our said seruitor," &c. 
 Burgh Recs. Aberd., 25 Dec, 1497. 
 
 ADO, V. 1. To do; aw ado, ought to do; 
 Charters of Edinburgh, 12th and 20th 
 Sept., 1423. 
 
ADO 
 
 [5] 
 
 AFF 
 
 It is also used in the same sense in Barbour, x. 349 ; 
 and this use is still common in the West of S., as in — 
 •' Ye hae nathiug ado wi' that." 
 
 Ado is short for at do, to do. 
 
 2. As a part., doing, adoing, being done ; as, 
 " There's little ado in the market the day," 
 West of S. 
 
 3. As a s., worth, concern, importance ; as, 
 
 " A matter of more ado,'' Blame of Kirk- 
 
 buriall, ch. xi. 
 
 Also used as in E. in the sense of bustle, troubla, 
 difficulty, &c. 
 
 ADOUN, adv. Down, down by, S. Same 
 as E. adoion. 
 
 ADUERSAE, Aduersour, s. Adversary, 
 enemy, assailant ; pi. aduersouris, Barbour, 
 xvii. 736. Also, the opposite party in an 
 action at law, Stirling Charters, 1508, 
 Peebles Recs. 
 
 To ADVERT, Aduert, v. a. To turn 
 towards, to direct. Lat. advertere. 
 
 Till Jupiter his mercie list aduert. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 25. Skeat. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson rendered this term, "to avert, to 
 turn aside," which is wrong. Probably he was misled 
 by his first reading of the passage he gives in illus- 
 tration : — 
 
 Fra my sinnes advert thy face. 
 
 Poems, Sixteenth Cent., p. 116. 
 And Dr. Laing made the same mistake in editing "The 
 Gude and Godlie Ballates." V. his Gloss. 
 
 To advert is lit. to turn to or towards ; then, to 
 direct to or towards, to grant or send ; then, to direct, 
 and hence, to control : but it is generally used in the 
 secondary meanings. In the passage last quoted it 
 means simply to direct, to turn ; and in the first pas- 
 sage, to grant or send. 
 
 Advertence, s. Ability or power to advert 
 to; direction, control, power to control. 
 Kingis Quair, st. 108. 
 
 ADUORTIT, part. pt. Miscarried, Sempill 
 Ballates, p. 163. 
 Fr. avorter, to miscarry : Lat. abortire, id. 
 
 ADZOOKS, interj. An exclamation of sur- 
 prise, disgust, scorn : properly, a minced 
 oath, being a corr. or veiled form of god- 
 sake, or even a stronger oath ; Renfrews., 
 Ayrs. 
 
 And rang'd in mony a glorious line, 
 Appear the bouncin' lasses ; 
 Whase shape, adzooks. 
 An' killing looks, 
 An' claes like e'ening cluds ; 
 Wad hermits fire 
 Wi' fond desire, 
 To leave their caves an' woods. 
 
 Alex. Wilson's Poems, p. 83. 
 This term is not unknown in E., as the following 
 passage, written in 1834, shows — 
 And says I, "Add-zooks ! 
 There's Theodore Hooks, 
 Whose sayings and doings make such pretty books." 
 
 Lines by the author of " Ingoldsby Legends," 
 
 AEFALD, adj. Single, simple; hence, 
 straightforward, honest, upright, S. V. 
 Afald. 
 
 AER, Aar, Air, s. A stony, pebbly beach; 
 also, a smooth beach, a sandbank, the sea- 
 shore. V. Air. 
 
 This term is confined to Orkney and Shetland, and 
 may be traced to Icel. eyrr, a gravelly bank ; O. Norse 
 eyri, the sea-shore where no grass grows. V. Gl. Orkn. 
 and Shetl. 
 
 AESSIEPATTLE, Assipattle, s. A name 
 applied to a neglected child ; one who sits 
 or patties among the ashes, Orkn. and 
 Shetl. V. Ashiepattle. 
 
 In the central and southern districts of S., the term 
 becomes assiepet, q. v. 
 
 AETEN, adj. Oaten, Ramsay. V. Aiten. 
 
 AETH-KENT, adj. Easily - known, well- 
 known ; also, easily recognised, Shetl. V. 
 
 ElTH. 
 
 This term is still widely spread in S. ; and conse- 
 quently is variously pronounced. However, there are 
 two leading forms, aeth or aethly-hent, and eith or eithly' 
 kend or kent. 
 
 A. -S. eath, easy ; and cennan, to ken, make known, 
 causal of cunnan, to know. 
 
 AFFAMYSIT, part. pt. Famished, starved. 
 
 Affamysit for fait of fude. 
 
 Lyndsay, Expe.r. and Court., I. 5490. 
 Fr. affamer, to famish. 
 
 To AFF AN E, v. a. To attempt, essay, try ; 
 
 Alex. Scott, Bann. MS., p. 686, 1. 1. V. 
 
 Afaynd. 
 AFFECTION, s. Self-will, opinionativeness, 
 
 obstinacy; the act of following one's own 
 
 inclination. 
 
 "But now most men alas are so deeply addicted to 
 affection, that they neyther make count nor question 
 how or where they should bury," &c. Blame of Kirk- 
 buriall, ch. v. 
 
 This is a peculiar application of Lat. affectio, the 
 nature or condition of a thing : it implies much the 
 same idea as affinity, as applied in chemistry. 
 
 AFFEER, Affere, s. Demeanour: a form 
 used for ej^er, effeir, q. v. Barbour, vii. 126,. 
 Herd's Ed. V. Affeir. 
 
 AFFERIT, Ayy¥,^t, part. pt. Afraid, made 
 afraid, Bann. MS., p. 93, 1. 12. V. Afferd. 
 
 To AFFERME, v. a. 1. To affirm, declare. 
 2. To confirm, constitute, make legally binding.. 
 
 Quhen this cunnand thus tretit wes. 
 And affermit with sekirnes. 
 
 Barbour, iv. 178. 
 " . . ner the les the soytis salbe callyt and the 
 court affermyt." Chalmerlan Air, ch. 3. 
 
 AFFETTERIT, part. pt. Fettered, en- 
 thralled : Henryson, Orph. and Eur., 1. 603^ 
 
 A.-S. fetor, feter, a fetter. 
 
AFF 
 
 [6] 
 
 AFT 
 
 To AFFEY, V. a. To trust, Bann. MS., p. 
 691, 1. 5. V. Affy. 
 
 AFFIRMANT, Affirmat, Afirmat, s. One 
 who holds the Bishop's courts, and has the 
 right of confirmation. 
 
 *' . . becaus that Robert Elect affirmat of Abirdon 
 has schavine hym vnkindly," &c. Burgh Recs. Aberd., 
 7 Nov., 1481. 
 
 Lat. affirmare. 
 
 To AFFLUDE, v. a. To injure the look or 
 
 appearance of anything, Dan. pro. a/lodf 
 
 id. Gl. Orkn. and Shetl. 
 
 Many of the etymologies in this work are perplexing, 
 and not to be relied on ; this is a specimen. No 
 authority is given ; and nothing like it is to be found 
 in Aasen. Perhaps afflode, to skim off the cream, is 
 intended. 
 
 AFFMAKING, part, and s. Lit. making or 
 taking off; hence, lessening, dealing out, 
 selling off ; and generally applied to a load 
 or stock of goods. 
 
 '• . . dischairging the bringeris of fir to the towne 
 frome affmaking of thair loadis," &c. Burgh Recs. 
 Aberd., 15 Aug., 1632. 
 
 This act forbad country people selling off their loads 
 of fire-wood, fir branches, &c., outside the town ; as, 
 by so doing they escaped payment of the dues de- 
 manded by the town. Affmaking is the opposite of 
 upmaking, gathering together. 
 
 AFFRAYIT, Affreyit, Afrayit, part. pt. 
 Made afraid, dismayed, afraid. 
 
 Cumand on thaim sa sudanly, 
 Thai sail affrayit be gretumly. 
 
 Barbour, ii. 291. 
 
 Affrayitly, Affraitly, adv. Timidly, in 
 terror ; in a frightened way ; Barbour, vi. 
 296. 
 
 The laif fled full affrayitly. 
 
 Barbour, vi. 434. Skbat. 
 
 AFFRUG, Afrug, s. Back-roll, return: 
 
 " affrug o' the sea, a spent wave receding 
 
 from the shore;" Gl. Shetl. 
 
 Prob. from Dan. af, off, and ryk, a rug, jerk, pull ; 
 afrykke, to twitch or pull off ; Sw. afrycka. 
 
 AFFSET, s. 1. Hindrance or stoppage of a 
 person at work, or of the work on which he 
 is engaged ; also, the cause of the hindrance 
 or stoppage, and the time during which it 
 lasts ; as, *' We've ha'en an aj'set every 
 month this simmer. This ane 's the want 
 o' wattir for the mill : an' last pay my aj'set 
 was three days." 
 
 2. An attack of illness or whatever unfits a 
 person for work ; also, the cause of it, the 
 consequence of it, &c. ; as, " John's ha'en a 
 sair affset this while : it was a fivver. Aye, 
 he'll fin' that aj'set (i.e., the effects of it) 
 for mony a day." 
 
 3. Ornament, decoration, beautifying ; chief 
 attraction, crown or completion of a work, 
 the best of all; as, "That window o' flours 
 is a gran' afset to the room." " That's his 
 best pictur, it's the afset o' a' the lave." 
 
 In these senses the term is still used over the greater 
 part of Scot. At first sight there seems to be no con- 
 nection between the last sense and the first and second ; 
 but a little consideration will solve the difficulty, and 
 it will be seen that they are simply the bad and the 
 good senses of affsetting or departure from the usual, 
 ordinary state of matters. An affset from work or 
 health is a serious matter to the worker ; and an affset 
 or increase of beauty touches even the most sordid 
 nature. For the first and second senses one might use 
 for syn. the term dounset ; while for the third the 
 terms outset and upset in their best meanings, would be 
 the most agreeable. 
 
 These are additional meanings to those of the DiCT, 
 
 To AFFY, V. a. To trust ; pret. and part, 
 pt. ajfytY, trusted, believed ; ajfy also 
 means to inspire or give confidence; Douglas, 
 Eneados, Bk. xi., ch. 8. 
 
 In commownys may nane affy, 
 Bot be that may thar warand be. 
 
 Barbour, ii. 502. 
 
 Affyance, s. Trust, confidence ; Douglas, 
 Palice of Honour, st. 7. 
 Fr. affier, Lat. aflidare, to trust, confide. 
 
 AFIRMAT, s. V. Afrmant. 
 
 AFOIR, adv. and prep. Before, Aberd. 
 Burgh Recs., vol. ii., p. 210. V. Afore. 
 
 AFORDALE, adv. To the fore, remaining 
 
 on hand, laid aside for future use ; also, 
 
 still alive. V. Affordell. It is also 
 
 used as an adj. 
 
 " . . thatjall the fre mone the towne hes afordale," 
 &c. Burgh Recs. Aberd., 26 Jan., 1544, Sp. C. 
 
 AFORE, Afor, Afoir, adv., prep., and adj. 
 Before; as, "He ran on afore, and wan 
 there afore the time, wi' the afore-han' 
 siller,". S. 
 Fore-han' is, however, more common. 
 
 My Lan' afore 's a gude auld has-been. 
 
 Burns, The Inventory, 1. 8. 
 Lyndsay^used three forms of this term, afore, affort, 
 afforoiu. Afore is still colloquial in the north of Eng- 
 land ; and aforn was used by Chaucer, Rom. Rose. 1. 
 3951. 
 A.-S. onforan, in front, 
 
 AFRAYIT, part. pt. V. Affrayit. 
 
 AFTERLING, Efterling, adj. Later, of 
 later date ; late in order of time or succes- 
 sion. 
 
 "Againe, for the processe of afterling practise, we 
 finde it precise to the paterne as the owne positiue law." 
 Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. xvi. 
 
 " Whose afterling entry falling out in the dreg of 
 all tymes, doth render it not onely suspect," &c. Ibid., 
 ch. xiii. 
 
AFT 
 
 [n 
 
 AIL 
 
 AFTERSHOT, s. After - thought, later- 
 invention, product, result. 
 
 "The searcher will finde it but aa aftershot of 
 antiquitie ; as the back-treading of tymes will teach." 
 Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. xiii. 
 
 In the process of distilling whisky, the strong spirit 
 which comes away first is called theforeshot or foreshots; 
 and that which comes last, the aftershot or aftershots, 
 
 AFT-HANKS, s. That part of a boat where 
 
 the bands come together at the stem and 
 
 stern, Gl. Orkn. and Shetl. 
 
 Perhaps the same origin as hunks and hunkers. Icel. 
 hiika, to sit with bent legs ; hokra, to go bent. 
 
 AGANE, Again, Agin, Gane, Gen, Gin, 
 prep. Against; also, by, by the time of, on, 
 at ; thus, " Fortune 's been sair agane him;" 
 " It'll be ready agane Saturday ;" " I'll be 
 back agane gloamin, or agane e'en ;" " If a' 
 gangs weel, he'll be here gane Martimes." 
 V. An, prep. 
 
 Agin is merely a variety of agane; and gane, gen, 
 gin, are contracted forms of it. Againt and gaint, with 
 the meaning against are also used in various districts 
 of the West of S. 
 
 All these varieties are from A.-S. gean, ongean, oppo- 
 site, against : implying opposition made or taken up ; 
 motion towards and up to a certain point ; also, dura- 
 tion or passing of time to a certain point ; the point in 
 each case being indicated by the noun or phrase follow- 
 ing. (See the examples given above). Hence the other 
 meanings, by, by the time of, on, at, about, which have 
 lived on in the Scot, dialect, and have almost, if not 
 altogether, died out in the English. 
 
 AGANESAID, part. pt. Gainsaid, resisted. 
 
 " . . for it is to wit that all domes falsit or agane- 
 said in burrow courte salbe determinyt and declarit in 
 Hadingtoune, throw foure burgess vysaste and suffici- 
 andest of ilk ane of thire burrowis, Berwik, Roxburgh, 
 Edinburgh, Striueling, befor the chalmerlain without- 
 yne delay." Fragments of Old Laws, 52. 
 
 AGANEWARDE, adv. Contrarywise. 
 
 " The Kyngis borowman may hafe batayle of abbotis 
 borowmen and of pryouris and of erlys borowmen and 
 barounis, bot nocht agaynwarde." Burgh Lawis, 13. 
 
 AGANIS, Aganys, prep. Against, Barbour, 
 vii. 12, xiv. 316. A.-S. ongean. 
 
 AGIN, Agane, adv. and prep. Again, 
 against ; by, by the time of ; by and bye ; 
 in opposition to ; also, a second time, as 
 " ye'll better no do that agin ! " Olydes. 
 V. Agane. 
 Agin is common in England as a prov. form. 
 
 AGIT, adj. Aged, well up in years, S. 
 
 OSagit folk, with hedis hore and olde. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 83. 
 Still the common pron. of aged. 
 
 To AGMENT, v. a. To augment, enlarge, 
 increase, extend ; as, " We man agment his 
 aliment." West of S. Used by Lyndsay, 
 Exper. and Court., 1. 2998. 
 
 Agment, s. Augment, increase, Ayrs. 
 
 Fr. augmenter, Lat. augmentare, to enlarge, increase. 
 The s. is prob. older than the v. V. Skeat's Etym. 
 Diet, under Augment. 
 
 AGO, part. pt. Gone, decayed, dead ; also 
 used as a pres. part., going, astir, fast 
 going, fading, dying out. 
 
 Gentrice is slane, and pietie is ago, 
 
 Allace ! gude Lord, quhy tholis Thow it bo ? 
 
 Henryson, Dog, Scheip, and Wolf, 1. 167. 
 A.-S. dgdn, gone, past. 
 
 AGONE, part. pt. as adv. Ago ; agone syne 
 mony a yere, long ago many a year, or many 
 a long year ago. Kingis Quair, st. 196, 
 Skeat. 
 
 To AGREGE, v. a. To follow up, prosecute, 
 press ; Burgh Recs. Aberd., 29 July, 1530, 
 Sp. 0. V. Aggrege. 
 
 AGREST, adj. Rustic, rural ; Compl. Scot., 
 p. 16, E.E.T.S. 
 
 AHAME, adv. At home, within doors ; as^ 
 " Ye better bide ahame the day ;" a contr. 
 of at hame. Ayrs., Gall. 
 
 AIBLINS, adv. Perhaps. V. Ablins. 
 
 This form is used in the poems of Burns, Alex. 
 Wilson, and most of the minor poets of the West of S. 
 Ramsay, however, appears to have used ablins. V. 
 The Gentle Shepherd. 
 
 AICHAN, Aiken, Achen, s. A small 
 bivalve (Mactra subtruncata, Da Costa), 
 found in sandy bays of the Frith of Clyde. 
 
 Prob. so named on account of its likeness to an 
 acorn : A.-S. dc, an oak ; aicen, oaken. 
 
 Myriads of aichan shells were dug up near Dumbreck, 
 by the workmen engaged in cutting the canal between 
 Glasgow and Paisley. 
 
 AIKIS, s. An axe ; pi. aikisis ; Burgh 
 Recs., Aberd., 1 June, 1547, Sp. C. V. 
 Aix. 
 
 This form represents the common pron., which i» 
 similar to that of the earliest times ; Gothic akwisi, 
 an axe ; O. Northumb. acase. 
 
 AIL, AiLL, s. Ailment, sickness; ill of what- 
 ever kind. 
 
 Be that sum pairte of Mawkynis aill, 
 
 Outthrow his hairt cowd creip ; 
 He fallowit hir fast thair till assaill, * 
 
 And till hir tuke gude keip. 
 Henryson, Robene and Makyne, 1. 77, Bann. MS. 
 
 AILE, Aill, s. Ale. 
 
 "Item, at the pottis at thai haf contenis nocht 
 samekle cler aile withoutyn berme." Chalmerlan Air,^ 
 10. 
 
 "Also, gif the bailies keep the asise of bred, aillf 
 and flesches." Inquiries, Chalmerlan Air, 5. 
 
 AiLL-BOT, i<f. An ale-ban*el; kept as store 
 
 for the household ale. 
 
 ". . item, ane aill-bott, vj s. viij d.," &c. Biirgh 
 Recs. Glasgow, 28 Jan., 1588-9. 
 
AIL 
 
 [8] 
 
 AIV 
 
 AILSHIE, Alshie, s. A familiar name for 
 Alexander, S. V. Elshie. 
 
 " a speech worthy of Ailshie Gourlay, or any 
 
 other privileged jester," etc. Scott, Antiquary, ch. 
 43. 
 
 AIN, Adste, adj. One. 
 
 " Also, gif any man halds in his ovene mae servants 
 than aine master, twa servants, and ane knave." In- 
 quiries, Chalmerlan Air, 51. 
 
 Ovene, bakehouse ; viaster, journeyman. 
 
 AIEANDS, AiRANS, s. pi. Errands, mes- 
 sages, business, avocation. 
 
 " . . vnder the payne of putting in the netherhole 
 incontinent, exceptand folkis of honesty passand thair 
 leifuU airands, and at thai haif bowetts or candillis 
 within thair [hands] in taikin thairof." Burgh Rec. 
 Edin., 17 Nov., 1498. 
 
 AIRD, s. The earth, ground, soil. 
 
 " . . Kepand the aird and schrifF thairof on — delvit 
 or cassin vp," &c. Burgh Kecs. Aberd., 25 Nov., 
 1590. Sp. C. 
 
 This form is according to local pron. 
 
 AIRGH, AiRCH, adj. Averse, reluctant, 
 hesitating; synon. swithering. V. Argh. 
 
 AIRISKAP, Arschip, Arscap, s. Heir- 
 ship, heritage, inheritance. V. Ayrschip. 
 
 ". . the quhilk forsaid gudis the said Edam gaf 
 to James Brown for his airiskap or the dividing of the 
 barnis gudis." Burgh Rec, Prestwick, May 13, 1743. 
 
 " . . the quhilk suld be arschip till her sone," &c. 
 Burgh Rec, Prestwick, Oct., 1515. 
 
 " . . the said Jonet than incontinent deliverit the 
 arscap tyl John his schon." Burgh Rec, Peebles, 28 
 Mar., 1457. 
 
 AIRNS O' A PLEUCH. Irons of a plough; 
 the iron portions of the old plough. V. 
 Pleuch Irnes, Pleuch Airns. 
 
 To AIRT, V. a. and n. 1. To set or place in 
 or towards a certain du'ection ; as, " Lay 
 them open, an' airt them east an' west." 
 
 2. To move, walk, or work in a certain dir- 
 ection, or towards a certain point : hence to 
 tend, wend, try, persevere ; as, " He's dune 
 weel, an's airtin to the en' o' his wark." 
 *' I airtit hard to get awa' wi' the laird ; but 
 I saw him airtin hame an' oor by ; " i.e., an 
 hour ago. 
 These are meanings additional to Dr. Jamieson's. 
 
 AISK, s. and v. Drizzle. V. Ask. 
 
 To AISLE, AizLE, V. a. To sun, to dry in 
 the sun. V. AsOL. 
 
 AISLE, AiZLE, IsEL, 8. 1. A red-hot 
 ember, a fragment shot from a fierce wood- 
 fire, a gleaming point ; as, " Fra the hill we 
 saw the licht in the windo like a bricht, 
 far-awa aisle" Ayrs. V. EiZEL. 
 
 2. A mass of red-hot embers, a red-hot, 
 gleaming or glowing fire ; as, " Draw the 
 fire thegither an' mak a fine aisle" Ibid. 
 
 3. As an adj. ; red-hot, gleaming, glowing ; 
 as, " Ye man keep the fire in a fine aisle tid, 
 or aisle heat," Ibid. 
 
 Under eizel, both meaning and etymology are 
 defective ; and the full force of the passages quoted is 
 not brought out. 
 
 A.-S. i/sel, y'sele, a fire spark, spark, ember, hot 
 ashes ; and such are the meanings of the term still. 
 
 To Aisle, Isel, v. n. To become a mass of 
 red-hot, glowing embers ; to gleam, to 
 glow : part. pr. aisliii, iselin\ islin\ 
 
 Aislin', Iselin', Islin', part. pr. Becoming 
 a red-hot glowing mass; gleaming, glowing; 
 as, " Let the fire alane ; it's aislin^ fine. I 
 like the gluff o' an aislin fire," Ayrs. 
 
 In Banffshire this term is used colloquially in a 
 metaphorical sense. Mr. Gregor, in his Gloss, of the 
 district, gives isle, anger, and to isle, to be angiy ; but, 
 from the illustrations he gives, I suspect the definitions 
 ought to be, state of anger, i.e., of red-hotness, and to 
 he in such a state, which would quite accord with the 
 primary meanings. The illustrations will make this 
 quite evident : — 
 
 " He wiz in an isle at 'im for dei;in' that," 
 " He wiz jist islin' at 'im, fin he widna dee fat he bade 'im." 
 
 AISTLAR, s. Ashlar work ; a hewn stone ; 
 used also as an adj.^ as, *' aistlar was," i.e., 
 walls of ashlar work. 
 
 " . . with gunhoUis and duiris of aistlar," tco. 
 Burgh Recs. Aberd., 20 Feb., 1532, Sp. C. 
 
 AITHER, C071J. Eithei-; as, ^'Aither you 
 gang or I gang," Clydes. 
 
 AITHER, Ayther, co7ij. and pron. The 
 
 one or the other, each of tM o, one of two : 
 
 as, " Ye'll get aither o' them ye like ; '' " jist 
 
 see thae twa aither wi' ither how thai gae 
 
 on ! '' "There's but twa left ; an' I mun hae 
 
 aither o' them." 
 
 A.-S. cegther, a contracted form of ceghwoBtker, aye 
 whether, in the sense of whichever. 
 
 AIT-MELE, s. Oatmeal. 
 
 " Item, for viij. bollis of ait mde ; for ilk boll xj. a." 
 Accts. Lord H. Treas. Scot., 1497, I. 343, Dickson. 
 
 A. -S. dta, oat or oats, and melu, melo, meal : Dan. 
 and Du. meel, Swed. mjol. 
 
 AITRIE, Aittrie, adj. Cold, bleak, grim ; 
 
 generally applied to the weather. Used 
 
 also as a s., cold, bleak weather ; Gl. Orkn. 
 
 & Shet. V. Atry. 
 
 Tbis is merely a softened form of atrie ; but in sound 
 nearer the origin. Icel. eitr, poison. 
 
 AIVING, part. Being in doubt, hesitating, 
 considering, Shetl. 
 
AIV 
 
 [9] 
 
 ALE 
 
 AiviLOUS, AiVALOUS, adj. Doubtful, un- 
 certain, Ibid. 
 
 Icel. efa, ifa, to doubt, to be in doubt; efan, i/an, 
 doubt ; efan-Ugr, ifan-ligr, doubtful, 
 
 AIZLE-TEETH, s. pi Double teeth, grin- 
 ders. V. AsiL. 
 
 This is a common name in the West and South of S. , 
 and in some districts of the North of E. Icel. jaxl, a 
 molar ; in Shetl. still called a yackle. Sw. oxeltander, 
 molars. 
 
 In Renfrew, and Lanarks. the pron. is assle or aisle 
 teeth. The Cleveland Gloss, gives assle-tooth. 
 
 To AK, Ao, AcK, V. a. and n. V. Act. 
 AK, 5. An oak, A.-S. ac. V. Aik. 
 
 " Item, the ferd day of March, [1496] gevin for xxx" 
 Bparris, to mak a paraling of ak for the gunnys ; for 
 illc spar iiij. s.," 4c. Accts. Lord H. Treas. Scot., i. 
 322, Dickson. 
 
 AKER, s. An acre ; pi. akeris. 
 
 ", . . a confirmacioune of vj. a^ms of land wyth 
 the pertinentis, wythin the schirefdome of Edinburgh," 
 &c. Accts. Lord H. Treas. Scot., i. 218, Dickson. 
 
 Akerbkaid, s. The breadth of an acre : 
 generally applied to space or distance ; 
 Chryst Kirk, Bann. MS. p. 284, 1. 70. 
 
 ALABAST, s. Alabaster. 
 
 Schir Arch[i]bald his sone gert syne 
 Of alabast bath fair and fyne 
 [Ordane] a towme full richly, 
 As it benufit till swa worthy. 
 
 Barbour, xx. 588., Camb. MS. 
 The Edin. MS. has alahastre. Gr. alabastos. 
 
 ALANE, Allane. It alane, the mod. its 
 lane, of itself, without any other means, 
 
 help, or inference ; 
 itself. 
 
 lit. it al ane, it all by 
 
 ". . . sa that it walde haue fallin doune it 
 allane, suppois the said William had never put hande 
 to his house." Burgh Ilecs., Aberd,, 20 Oct., 1503. 
 
 Alana, Alanie, A'lany, adv. and interj. 
 
 All alone, all alone now I A term of advice 
 
 or encouragement used by a mother or 
 
 nurse when teaching an infant to stand or 
 
 walk, S. 
 
 This term is interesting on account of its being one 
 of the oldest in our language. The earliest Saxon 
 settlers used it, in almost the same tones as now, in 
 the first homes they made in our land. It is pure 
 Northumbrian Anglo-Saxon, al dna, all alone. 
 
 ALBEID, conj. Albeit, although; Sempill 
 Ballates, p. 239. V. Albuist. 
 
 ALBLASTRIE, Alblastrye, s. Weapons 
 
 of the arbalest or crossbow kind used in 
 
 war or hunting; also the art or practice 
 
 of shooting with them. L. Lat. arbalista, 
 
 a crossbow ; arbalisteria, crossbow artillery. 
 
 the elk for alblastrye. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 156. 
 
 (Sup.) B 
 
 For alblastrye may mean, ' ' famed in the practise of 
 shooting ;" since, on account of the speed of the animal 
 and the thickness of its hide, to shoot an elk would re- 
 quire great skill and address in the use of the crossbow. 
 Or it may mean "for resisting shot of crossbow," or 
 simply, " for resisting shot ": as in speaking of armour- 
 plate we say, " It must be steel for shot," i.e., for re- 
 sisting shot. Prof. Skeat evidently adopts the latter 
 rendering : " . . for alblastrye means 'against 
 warlike cross-bow bolts and darts." V. Kingis Quair, 
 p. 87. Regarding the capability of elk-hide to resist 
 pointed weapons, he, however, quotes the following 
 important statement: — ". . shields and targets 
 were made of the skin of the elk, which were thick 
 enough to resist the point of the sharpest spear." E. 
 Phipson, Animal Lore, p. 122. 
 
 ALD, Alde, Auld, s. 1. That which is old ; 
 as, " The aid is better that the new." This 
 is the old form of the adj. 
 
 2. The past or olden time ; as " Stories of 
 aid." 
 
 8. Old age ; as, *^ Aide an' ill are sair to bide." 
 
 4. Old people, and people of the past or olden 
 time ; as, " The auld like best the proverbs 
 o' the aid.''' 
 
 5. Parents, when compared with children; 
 thus, "As gangs the aldj sae rins the 
 young." 
 
 The term is still used in all these senses ; bat in 8. 
 2, perhaps eild is more common. 
 
 In Roland's rendering of the story of the Seven Wise 
 Masters, the term occurs frequently. 
 
 As for that time I laid on side my buke. 
 And in my hand ano uther volume tuke. 
 Of lychter dyte and storeis of the aid, 
 That seir auld men befoir in tymes had tald. 
 
 S. Seages, 1. 260. 
 Quod scho, it is ane Proverb of the aid, 
 Quhilk I oft times in mirrines hes hard tald. 
 
 Ibid., 1. 277. 
 A.-S. eald, old. 
 
 Alders, Alderis, Aulders, s. pi. Ances- 
 tors, forefathers, people older than ourselves; 
 parents, as regards their children ; South 
 and West of S. 
 
 When changes are pressed on an unwilling person, a 
 very likely reply will be — " It sairt our alders, it may 
 weel sair us ;" i.e., it served our forefathers, &c. A 
 common expression of respect for old age in a mixed 
 company is, — " We'll let the aulders gang first." And 
 a mother, in answer to the clamours of hungry children 
 at meal-time, will say, — "Jist ye bide gin yet alders 
 be sairt," Clydes. 
 
 ALE-CAP, s. Originally, the horn or 
 wooden vessel from which ale was drunk, 
 but latterly the name was applied to any 
 kind of vessel used for that purpose ; it is 
 also used as a general term for ale-drinking, 
 carousing, &c. 
 
 Ale-cap wi' lass he ne'er had kis't. 
 
 Alex. Wilson's Poems, p. 369, Ed. 1876. 
 
 Yill-caup, the form used by Burns in the Holy Fair, 
 was certainly the pron. with which Wilson was best 
 acquainted, and which he commonly used. 
 
ALE 
 
 [10] 
 
 ALL 
 
 ALECK, Alick, s. A familiar form for 
 Alexander; same with Sandy, Sanny, 
 Sawny, Saunders. 
 
 Blind Aleck next appears, 
 
 Whose head for many years, 
 A hot-bed of poesie has been. 
 Finlay, Street Oratory, Whistle Binkie, i. 257. 
 
 ALERING, Allering, Alrine, Alrtne, s. 
 1. The passage or channel behind the 
 battlement of a building, which served to 
 collect the waters that fell upon the roof ; 
 alure, Prompt. Parv. 
 
 " . . . mending of the battelling and alering of 
 the tolbuith," &c. Burgh Recs,, Aberd., 18 June, 
 1654, Sp. C. 
 
 When the battlement was low or the roof came 
 near to it, a channel was cut in the passage to lead the 
 water to the gargoilles, hence — 
 
 2. The water-channel round the roof of a 
 building. 
 
 •'Item, gevin to ane man to clenge the allering of 
 the tolbuith, and to beir the red of it away, ij* vj^ " 
 Accts. Burgh of Edin., 16 Feb., 1554, Recs. Soc. 
 
 3. The term was also applied to the battle- 
 ment or crown of a building, and to a para- 
 pet wall. 
 
 The touris to take and the torellis, 
 Vautes, aUntris, and the cornellis. 
 
 Kyng Alisaimder, 1. 7210. 
 Into her cite thai ben y-gon, 
 Togider thai assembled hem ichon, 
 And at the alours thai defended hem. 
 
 Gy of Warwike, p. 85. 
 See Halliwell under cUour, and Prompt. Parv. under 
 alure; also, Du Cange vmdev. Alatoria, Allorium. 
 
 The form alure occurs in Robert of Gloucester. But 
 alering and alrine or alryne are the Scot, forms of the 
 term, and the modern rin or rins, as the name of the 
 channels cut round the roof of a building, may be short 
 for alrin, alrins. 
 
 Fr. alleure, allure, alUe, a passage, way. 
 
 ALEWAND, AiLw^ANDE, s. The sign 
 hung out by brewers and sellers of ale. In 
 Chaucer, ale-stake. 
 
 "And ilke broustare sal put hir alewande ututh hir 
 house at hir wyndow or abune hir dur, that it may be 
 seabill communly til al men, the whilk gif scho dois 
 nocht scho sal pay for her defalt iiijd." Burgh 
 Lawis, 63. 
 
 "Item, at thai put nocht furth thair ailwande to 
 certify the cunnaris of the ayl as thai solde." 
 Chalmerlan Air, 10. 
 
 A.-S. ealo, Icel. 67, ale ; Icel. vondr, a shoot of a 
 tree, a rod. 
 
 ALFE, AiLF, s. Lit. elf ; but applied to a 
 mischievous, ill-natured, or cantankerous 
 child ; also to a troublesome person of 
 small stature ; as, " He's an alfe o' a wean 
 that ;" " Did ye hear that ailf o' a body ?" 
 Clydes. 
 A.-S. eel/, an elf. 
 
 Alfish, Ailfish, adj. Cross, fretful, mis- 
 chievous, ill-natured, Ibid. E. el/ish. 
 
 ALICREESH, Alicrees, Alicris, s. Licor- 
 ice, Spanish licorice, Clydes., South of S. 
 
 This was the common name for it as late as the 
 beginning of this century. It is now called black- 
 sugar, sugar-ali, and sometimes licry. 
 
 Prob. a corr. of 0. Fr. liqiierice, licorice; Ital. 
 legorizia, lecurizia. 
 
 ALIE-BOWLIS, s. The game of bowls as 
 
 played in alleys, rinks, or runs. 
 
 " . . . abuse done be scoUeris and printiciss 
 haunting the yairdis quhair alie howlis, Frenche kylis, 
 and glaikis ar usit, to thair grit hurt and deboscherie," 
 &c. Burgh Recs., Glasg., 14 Apr., 1610. V. Alais. 
 
 ALIEN AEE, Alienour, s. Alien, stranger; 
 
 but generally applied to a person living 
 
 outside the burgh bounds. 
 
 Those living in the town or burgh were called tounS' 
 folk or burghers; those in the outlands, outlanders or 
 oiU-tovns/olk ; and those outside the burgh bounds, 
 were alienaris or alienouris. Dr. Jamieson's definition 
 of alienare is therefore defective. 
 
 ALIKEWAYES, Alykewayes, Elyk- 
 "WAYES, adv. Likewise, in like manner, 
 also, in addition. Burgh Recs., Edin., ii., 
 89. V. Elikwiss. 
 
 ALISURIS, s. pi. Prob. a misreading of 
 alienuris or alinouris, aliens, strangers, per- 
 sons living outside the burgh bounds. 
 Burgh Recs., Aberd., 7 July ^1497. V. 
 A lienare. 
 
 ALK, s. The common guillemot, Shetl. ; 
 the black-billed Auk, Orkn. 
 
 The term Alk, Avk, is applied to different birds of 
 the Alca family ; perhaps in each case the bird so called 
 is the species best known in that district. In the South 
 of Scot, auk is, in one case at least, corr. into hawk : 
 V. Allan-hatok. 
 
 Dan. alke, Icel. and Swed. alka, an auk. 
 
 ALKIN, Alkyn, Alkynd, Allkin, All- 
 KYN. Of every kind : allkyn thyng, things 
 of every kind. Barbour, i. 134, 191 ; xiii. 
 717; xvi. 311. V. Allkyn. 
 
 In the Edin. MS. this word appears like allryn, the 
 h being carelessly formed. Dr. Jamieson read it so 
 and entered it in his Diet. ; but there is no such word. 
 See footnote in Prof. Skeat's Ed. of Barbour. 
 
 " . . the kyngis bailyeis sail halde rycht betuen 
 thaim of alkyn manere of querelle," &c. Burgh Lawis, 
 oh. 25. 
 
 ALL, Aw, A', adj. Every ; still in common 
 use, as " He sells a' kin' o' thing," or " all 
 kind o' things ; " West of S. 
 
 "... the world lay besotted, and swattering 
 in all sorte of superstition," &c. Blame of KirkburiaU, 
 eh. xiii. 
 
 This use of all is peculiar. In E. it is followed by 
 the plural number ; but in S., even when the is used, 
 the noun that follows is in the singular ; as, "He has 
 a' the kin' o' things needed. The E. structure, how- 
 ever, is also used. 
 
ALL 
 
 [11] 
 
 ALE, 
 
 ALLAN HAWK, «. The Aulin or Arctic 
 Gull, Larus parasiticus ; prob. called hawk 
 from its habit of pursuing smaller gulls till 
 they disgorge their food. Hawk, however, 
 may be a corr. of awk. 
 
 On the shores of the Solway Frith the Arctic Gull ia 
 known by this name : in the northern islands it is 
 called Scouti-aulin, Dirten-allan, and sometimes simply 
 Allan. 
 
 Neil, in his Tour through Orkney and Shetland, in 
 describing this bird says, — "They pursue and harass 
 all the small gulls till they disgorge or vomit ; they 
 then dexterously catch what is dropped ere it reach 
 the water," p. 201. V. Aulin, Scouti-aulin. 
 
 ALLEDGEANOE, Allegance, Allegans, 
 Alegens,5. Allegation, declaration. Lawia 
 of the Barons, ch. 40. V. Allegiance. 
 
 Alegans, Allegans, s. Allegation, declara- 
 tion, Burgh Rec, Peebles, 10 May, 1462. 
 V. Allegiance. 
 
 ALLER, ge7i. pL Of all; thar aller, of them 
 
 all, Barbour, i. 137. A.-S. ealra, gen. pi. 
 
 Given in the Dict. as an adv. meaning wholly, tec, 
 and explained by various statements ; but it is 
 evidently a poetic use of an A.-S. form that even in 
 Barbour's time had become obsolete. 
 
 ALLEVIN, adj. Eleven, Aberd. Burgh 
 Recs., S. 
 
 Allevint, adj. and adv. Eleventh, Ibid. S. 
 
 ALLGAT, Allgate, adv. Always, by all 
 means, Barbour, xii. 362. V. Algait. 
 
 ALLICOMGREENYIE, s. A game played 
 by young girls at country schools, Gall. 
 
 They form themselves into a circle, faces toward the 
 centre ; one goes round on the outside with a cap. 
 Baying — 
 
 " I got a letter from my love, 
 And by the way I drop'd it, I drop'd it. " 
 
 She drops the cap behind one of the party, who must 
 pick it up and try to catch the other who runs out and 
 m and cross the circle as quickly as possible. If the 
 follower breaks the course, that is, does not run in the 
 footsteps of the other, she fails. Then the one caught, 
 or the one who fails, stands in the circle, face out, and 
 the other goes round as before. The game ends when 
 the last of the circle fails, or she begins it anew. V. 
 Gall. Encycl. 
 
 ALLICOMPAIN, Allicompan, s. A corr. 
 
 of Elecampane, a medicinal plant greatly 
 
 esteemed by country people in the West 
 
 and South of S. 
 
 The Elecampane or Inula Campana, — the Inula 
 Helenium of the Materia Medica is in many districts 
 believed to be a certain cure for almost every kind of 
 pain, wound, or bruise. 
 
 ALLIE, s. A familiar form of the proper 
 
 name Allan, West of S. 
 
 But aye when Elspa flate or things gaed -wiang 
 Next to my pipe was Allie's sleekit sang. 
 
 Alex. Wilson's Poems, p. 20, Ed. 1876, 
 
 Allie here represents Allan Ramsay, whose songs 
 were then in great repute. 
 
 ALLRYN. A misreading of A Ikyn, q. v. 
 
 ALL-WELDAND, All-Veldand, adj. 
 Almighty ; lit. all-wielding. 
 
 For had nocht god all-veldand 
 Set help intill his awne hand, 
 He had ben ded vithouten dreid. 
 
 Barbour, v, 577, Carab. MS. 
 
 Than lovit thai god fast, all-veldand, 
 That thai thar lord fand haill and feir. 
 
 Ibid., vi. 314, Ibid. 
 
 ALLYA, Allye, s. pi. Allies, alliance, 
 Compl. Scot., p. 78, 182 ; alli/e, Barbour, 
 xvii. 319, Camb. MS. Edin. MS. reads eli/e. 
 
 Allyace, Allyas, s. pi. Men of the 
 same family or alliance. V. Alya. 
 
 And ilk schield in that place 
 Their tennent or man wace, 
 Or ellis thair allyace, 
 At thair awin will. 
 
 Eoulate, 1. 610, Bann. MS. 
 
 Asloan MS. has allyas. 
 
 Pr. allier, Lat. ligare, to tie, alligare, to units. 
 
 ALMES, Almess, s. A corr. of almous, 
 alms, q. v. ; and used also as short for 
 almous-house, alms-house. 
 
 ". . the almess coUectit ilk day," tc. Burgh 
 Recs. Aberd., 23 Sept. 1600, Sp. C. 
 
 " . . ludging within the almes and seikhous," &c. 
 Ibid., 7 Oct., 1612, Sp. C. 
 
 ALMUSHOUS, s. An almshouse, hospital. 
 Burgh Rec. Peebles, 25 Oct. 1462. V. 
 Almous. 
 
 ALONGWIS, Alongous, Allonghouse, 
 prep. Along, alongst; right or straight 
 along. 
 
 "... in orderj and doun allonghouse the haill 
 toun to the mercat place." &c. Burgh Recs. Aberd., 
 17 July, 1612. 
 
 ALRICH, Alrish, Alrishe, adj. Lit., 
 elvish, spirit-haunted; hence, weird, lone- 
 some, dreary, terrible, frightful. V. El- 
 riche. 
 
 «' . . . bogils or Gaistes . . . wandring in 
 a vagrant estate about graves and alrish deserts, " fcc. 
 Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. xii., xvii. 
 
 Lyndsay has " the alrich Queene of Farie." Thrie 
 Estaitis, 1. 1544. 
 
 This is the same term, only in another form, that 
 Burns used in his Address to the Deil, st. 8. 
 
 When wi' an eldritch, stoor quaick, quaick, 
 Amang the springs. 
 
 ALRYNE, s. The passage or channel behind 
 the battlement of a building ; the channel 
 or water-course on the roof of a building; 
 also, a parapet or parapet wall. V. Alering. 
 
ALR 
 
 [12] 
 
 AMO 
 
 Thy toxir and fortres lairge and lang, 
 Thy nychbours dois excell. — 
 Thy (dryne is a mervall greit, 
 Upreiching to the bevin. 
 
 Maitland Poems, p. 255. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson left this term undefined ; but in an 
 elaborate note to the quotation above, he said, — "This 
 apparently signifies a watch-tower, or the highest part 
 of a castle ; " and after giving an etymology to suit, 
 his conclusion is, — "Thus, it may here signify the 
 highest point or pinnacle," &c. 
 
 Both meaning and etymology are alike worthless, 
 and this note must therefore be deleted. Ab-yne is 
 a contr. for alering or aluring, with the meaning of 
 M.E. alure ; Prompt. Parv. : Fr, allenre, allure, alUe ; 
 Cotgr. And in this passage, describing the ancient 
 castle of Lethingtoun, it means battlement or parapet. 
 For its various applications, v. Alering. 
 
 ALSA, Alsua, conj. Also ; A.-S. ealsiod. 
 
 "... to the saide first day of Decembre alsa 
 inclusive," &c. Accts. Lord H. Treas. Scot., i. 1. 
 Dickson. 
 
 The form alsua occurs frequently in the Burgh Laws 
 of Scotland : thus in ch. 7, — 
 
 "And alsua of this alswele as of other he aw and sail 
 be demyt be his peris in burgh be law of burgh." 
 
 ALSAMEN-BEEAD, Alsamyn Bred, s. 
 
 Prob. bread baked of whole flour. V. 
 
 Alsajie. 
 
 "... at thai bak nocht ilk kynd of bred as 
 the law of burgh requeris, that is to say, wastell, 
 symnel, alsamyn, samyn bred, and demayn." Chal- 
 merlain Air, ch. 9. 
 
 ALSE, AusE, Aws, s. Ashes. V. As. 
 
 "... al men ar eird ande a?se. " Compl. Scot., 
 p. 152, E.E.T.S. 
 
 A very old form of this word is askes which occurs 
 in the Romance of Havelok, and is still used in the 
 South of S. ; it is now applied to the cinders of a spent 
 fire ; — at least it was so when I have heard it used, as 
 in the expression, ' ' naething left but askes, " The fine 
 dust or powder being called alse or ause. 
 
 Icel. aska ; A.-S. cesce, ash. 
 
 ALS-TIT, Alss-Tite, adv. As soon as 
 possible, Barbour, v. 80. Icel. titt, soon. 
 
 ALSWELE, Als^veil, Alss-weill. 1. As 
 a conj., as well as, and also, together with. 
 
 •' . . the mutis wythin the kyngis burgh alswele 
 mutis of landis as of othir thyngis," &c. Burgh 
 Lawis, ch. 47. 
 
 2. As an adv., as well, Barbour, i. 124. 
 
 ALTAR-MEN, s. Officiating priests, minis- 
 ters at the altar ; a similar form to church- 
 men. 
 
 "Gods Altar-mens trauels in his own trueth ought 
 to be steil-bowed," &c. Blame of Kirkburiall, Dedica- 
 tion, p. 1. 
 
 ALTELYERIE, s. A corr. of artillery, 
 
 ordnance. 
 
 ". . . witht the peice of aUelyerie ca.\\\t ane ring 
 dog," &c. Burgh Eec3. Glasg., 11 xMar. 1577-8. 
 
 ALTHOYT, conj. Although. 
 
 " . . and than thai aw custom and mall althoyt 
 thai haf the samyn fredom that has the barounis of 
 baronyis." Fragments of Old Laws, ch. 26. 
 
 To ALY, Alye, Alyie, v. a. To alienate, 
 dispose. V. Analie. 
 
 ". . , that scho nother sel na a^j/ that arscap." 
 Burgh Eecs. Peebles, 28 Mar. 1457. 
 
 Alyak, Alter, s. One who alienates. 
 
 " . . . of ony borouagis to be analyt befor at it 
 be lauchfully profFerit to the nerrest of the blude of 
 the alyar." Chalmerlan Air, ch. 4. 
 
 AMATON, s. A thin, bony person ; a mere 
 skeleton, Gall. Amitan, a weak, foolish, or 
 silly person, Dumfr. 
 Both forms are prob. corr. of anatomy. 
 
 AMEDONE, Amidon, s. A kind of 
 starch, used for dressing the finer ruffs 
 and frills worn by ladies, commonly called 
 sti^ng. 
 
 "Gilliane Van Narsone, a Fleming in Leith, who 
 had the privilege for 21 years of making amedone and 
 of selling it at 40d. the pound, complained to the Privy 
 Council against Thomas Fleming of Edinburgh for 
 making and selling of the said amedone ox stiffing," &c. 
 Register, Priv. Council, 1601, vi. 288. 
 
 Dutch, ameldonk, starch. 
 
 AMERCIAMENT, s. A fine ; Burgh Lawis, 
 ch. 44. V. Amerciat. 
 
 AMER-TREE, Emmer-tree, s. A beam of 
 wood or bar of iron built in the chimney, or 
 set over the fire, to which is attached a chain 
 for suspending pots, &c. Prob. for ember- 
 tree-, Orkn. 
 
 Evidently the same as the rannel-tree, rantle-tree, 
 rannle-bauks, of the centre and south of Scot. This 
 beam or bank was made of the rannle or rowan tree, 
 to protect the hearth or house from the cantrips of 
 witches. 
 
 To AMESE, v. a. To mitigate, appease, 
 satisfy ; Lyndsay, Complaint to the King, 
 1. 42. V. Ameise. 
 
 To AMIT, Amitt, v. a. To set aside, give 
 away ; also, demit, resign, lose. 
 
 ". . . we mak, amj<<i5, and frelygiffis ouer,"&c. 
 Charters of Peebles, 15 Dec. 1473. 
 
 In this quotation mak is most probably a mistake for 
 makis ; a misreading of the transcriber. The MS. is 
 very much decayed. 
 
 " . . . he sail tyne and amitt the said burss," &c. 
 Burgh Recs. Aberd., 29 Jan. 162.3. "jBwrss," bursary. 
 
 Lat. amitto, to let go, set free. 
 
 To AMONIS, u. a. To exhort. V.Ammonyss. 
 
AMO 
 
 [13] 
 
 ANE 
 
 Amonestyng, s. Exhortation, advice. V. 
 Ammonyss. 
 
 Quhen he to thame of his ledyng 
 Had maid ane fair amonestyng 
 Till do Weill, &c. 
 
 Barbour, xx. 412, Camb. MS. 
 Edin. MS. reads monestyng, q. v. 
 
 AMP, s. Fear, Shetl. Norw., ampe, trouble. 
 
 To AMPILL, V. a. To amplify. V. Ample. 
 
 To AMPLE, Ampill, v. a. To amplify, 
 extend, enlarge, augment. 
 
 " . . . and to elk, ampill, change, or correct 
 the samyn als oft as neid beis," &c. Burgh Kecs. 
 Aberd., 9 Jan., 1543, Sp. C. 
 
 O.Fr. ampUer, short for "amplifier: amplifie, in- 
 large," &c. Cotgr. 
 
 AMYT, s. An amice ; a priestly vestment, 
 Accts. Lord H. Treas. Scot., i. 64, 177. 
 V. Amite. 
 
 AN, conj. A contr. for than; similar to at 
 for that; as, "It's mair an ye deserve." 
 South and West of S. 
 It occurs frequently in the earlier Burgh Records. 
 
 AN, prep. By, about the time of; and often 
 
 implying before: as, "I'll be back an 
 
 gloamin ; " " It '11 be a' by an ye come 
 
 back," all will be over by the time, or 
 
 before, you come back. Ibid. 
 
 A7i may be a contr. form of agane, gane, gin, q.v. ; 
 or simply a form of on, at the time, by. 
 
 To AN, V. a. To give, grant, concede, bestow, 
 send. 
 
 Miche gode I wold him an. 
 
 Sir Tristrem, p. 42, st. 66. 
 
 Y take that me Gode an. 
 
 Ibid., p. 144. 
 
 Misled probably by the Glossary to this poem, Dr. 
 Jamieson gave the definition and etymology of this 
 word entirely wrong. It means to give, grant, hestoio ; 
 and is from A.-S. unnan, ic an ; 0. Ger. geunnan ; Ger. 
 gdnnen, to give or grant freely. 
 
 ANALYT, part. pt. Alienated. V. Analie. 
 
 ANAMELIT, Anamalyt, Anamulet, part, 
 adj. Enamelled. Accts. Lord H. Treas. 
 Scot., i. 81 ; Barbour, xx. 305, Camb. MS. 
 
 Between 153S and 1542 large amounts of native gold 
 were used for the coinage of Scotland, and for making 
 and mounting various articles for the royal household. 
 Among these were " . . . ane dragoun anamulet, 
 and ane target of the Kingis awin gold for his Majesty." 
 Early Records of Mining in Scotland, Intro., pp. 15-16, 
 Cochran-Patrick . 
 
 ANATHEMATICALL, adj. By or with 
 anathema ; " anathematicall excommunica- 
 tion," excommunication with cursing. 
 
 " . . . that kinde of vncleannes was punished 
 with anathematicall excommunication." Blame of 
 Kirkburiall, ch. xviii. 
 
 Gr. anathema, anything devoted, especially to evil. 
 
 ANCIENT, s. An ensign ; the officer who 
 carries the colours of his company. V. 
 
 Anseinye. 
 
 " , . . the saids capitanes to chuise thair awne 
 lievetentis, ancientis, and uther inferiourofficiaris," &c. 
 Burgh Recs. Aberd., 4 Sept. 1644. 
 
 This form occurs repeatedly in these records. It is 
 from Fr. enseigne, from Lat. insigne, a badge, flag. 
 
 Shakespeare used this tei'm in both its senses of 
 standard and standard-bearer ; as in 1 Hen. IV., iv. 
 2. ; 0th. i. 1, ii. 1, 3. 
 
 ANCIENTE, s. Antiquity, ancientness. 
 Barbour, vi. 252. V. Anciety. 
 
 Ancientry, Auncientby, s. Antiquity, 
 ancientness; as, "They claim great ancientry 
 o' name and bluid ;" also, old-fashionedness,. 
 precociousness ; as, " The ancientry o' that 
 bairn I dinna like; he talks like a gran'- 
 father," Clydes. 
 
 ANDE, AiNDE, s. Breath. V. Aynd. 
 
 Andless, Aindless, Ainless, adj. Breath- 
 less. V. Ayndlesse. 
 
 ANDER, s. A porch, Shetl. Icel. ond, id. 
 
 To ANDOO, V. n. To keep a boat in position 
 
 by rowing gently against wind or tide, 
 
 Orkn. and Shetl. 
 
 Lit. to undo the effect of wind or tide by rowing 
 against it : Icel. ond, against. 
 
 ANDRUM, Antrum, Auntrin, Anterin, 
 Aunterin, s. The name given to the 
 afternoon or early evening repast ; also, the 
 time allotted to it ; called also, four-hoursj. 
 e'enshanks, and anterin-time. 
 
 These are corruptions of A.-S. undern, the third 
 hour, i.e., 9 a.m. ; but the term was afterwards 
 applied to the third hour after noon, and by-and-bye to 
 afternoon and evening. Under various forms it is found 
 in many of the English dialects ; for particulars see 
 Halliwell's Diet, under Aunder. 
 
 The Scot, corruptions may be traced thus : antrum^ 
 and its varieties from andriim ; and this for andorn, 
 which in turn is a corr. pronunciation of undern. 
 
 The term drum, as applied to ladies' afternoon tea^ 
 is a modern contraction of andrum. 
 
 The afternoon repast was also called andersmeat by 
 our forefathers ; and this must be a A'ery old term, a» 
 even in Gothic we find undaurni-mats, uudem-meat. 
 
 ANE, adj. and s. One, some one, somebody^ 
 as, '' Sae, ane telt me to gae up by," i.e., 
 some one told me, &c. South and West of S. 
 
 A Ane. All one, quite the same, immaterial; 
 as, '• It's a' ane whether ye gang or I gang. 
 Ibid. Cf . prov. E., '' It's all one to me." 
 
ANE 
 
 [14] 
 
 ANK 
 
 Ar Ane, War Ane. This phrase is still 
 common, meaning of one mind, plan, or 
 purpose, united. 
 
 That all war ane faine wald I wis, 
 Bot yit thocht sum againis yow faill, 
 This actioim haill sa honest is, 
 With Godis grace it sail preuaill. 
 
 SempUl Ballales, p. 21. 
 
 In Ane. At once, immediately. E. anon. 
 
 Dame Nature the nobillest nychit in ane. 
 
 For to ferm this fetherem, and dewly has done, 
 
 Houlate, 1. 887, Bann, MS. 
 This phrase is also used in the sense of m otie ; in 
 one set, lot, or piece; united, whole; as, "The pairts 
 were a* in ane when ye got it;" i.e., were in their 
 proper place or order, connected. 
 
 Our Ane, Oor Ane. Lit. our one; but 
 
 applied to husband, wife, son, daughter, 
 
 lad, lass, or sweetheart, instead of the 
 
 name, and sometimes as the name of him or 
 
 her ; as, " Oor ane boght me a gran' goun 
 
 at the fair." West of S. 
 
 A common salutation by a country lad to his lass on 
 giving her a present is, — " Hae ! that's for ye'r our 
 ane; i.e., because you are, &c. 
 
 Anerts, adj. Single, only, own. 
 
 This form is due to adding the masc. gen. suffix esto 
 dure, which is the A.-S. gen. fern, of an, one. 
 
 "A burges may thruch his anerys voyce put hym 
 till athe at nytis hym his dett, what man sum evir he 
 be." Burgh Lawis, ch. 28. 
 
 "Nytis," denies. 
 
 ANEW, s. A ring or bracelet, a clasp ; also, 
 a tendril of a creeping plant, a twist or 
 curving spray in a garland or chaplet of 
 flowers, a sprig, a curl ; pi. anewis. 
 
 A chapellet with mony fresche anewis. 
 
 Kingis Qicair, st. 160. 
 
 Jamieson's explanation of anewis is not sufficiently 
 full and clear, and does not present the fine figure of 
 the poet correctly. The anetvis mean the rings or 
 wreaths composing the chaplet, or, the sprays or 
 clusters ringed or twined into it ; hence, the passage 
 suggests a chaplet with many fair, fresh wreaths, or, 
 with many fresh sprays twined. In short, one like 
 that worn by the fair Joan when the poet first saw her. 
 V. St. 46, 47, of the Quair. 
 
 ANGALUCK, s. An accident, a misfortune, 
 Shetl. 
 Dan. angaae, to concern ; and lyhke, luck, 
 
 ANGELLIS, s. pi. Angels, angel nobles; 
 coins. The Angel or Angel Noble was an 
 English gold coin current in Scotland, and 
 valued at 24s. 
 
 "... tauld in presens of the Chancellare, Lord 
 Lile, the Prior of Sanctandros, in a pyne pig of tin. 
 In the fyrst, of angellis twa hundreth foure score and 
 V angellis," &c. Accts. Lord H. Treas. Scot., i. 79. 
 
 "Item, that samyn nycht [22 Aug. 1497] giffin to 
 Schir Robert Ker, that he had lent the King to the 
 cartis, tua vnicornis, tua angellis : summa iii] lib. ijs 
 viij d." Ibid., i. 353, Dickson. 
 
 Rating a unicorn at 18s., the angel was then worth 
 23s. 4d. 
 
 ANGERIE, s. A crowd, multitude, Shetl. 
 Prob. from Icel. or-grynni, a countless multitude ; 
 
 ViGBTJSSON. 
 
 ANGRIE, adj. Angry, enraged, mad. 
 
 The Husband than woxe angrie as ane hair. 
 
 Henryson, Fox, Wolf, and Moon, 1. 12. 
 The phrase " angrie as ane hair," like its modern 
 form "mad as a March hare," had even in Henryson 's 
 time a wide range of application. 
 
 "Husband," hasbandman, ploughman. 
 
 ANGYEOUN, s. An onion. Burgh Recs. 
 Aberd., ii. 127. V. Ingoavne. 
 
 ANGYR, s. Affliction, vexation. Barbour, 
 i. 235. As an adj., grievous, distressing. 
 Ibid,, XX, 490. V. Angir. 
 
 The adj. form angry, as used by Barbour, means 
 adverse, troublesome, v. 70; vexatious, xvii. 24. 
 
 Angyrly, Angirly, adv. Angrily. Bar- 
 bour, iv. 321, Edin. MS. ; Ibid., viii. 486, 
 Camb, IMS, 
 
 ANKER, Ankyr, «. An anchor ; pi. ankyrs. 
 Barbour, iii. 691, 
 
 " And gif the schippis duellis and makis resting and 
 tweeches the erd with anker," &c. Custome of Schip- 
 pis, ch. 1. 
 
 Anker-hald, s. Anchorage; bottom fit for 
 
 anchoring, bottom. 
 
 For anker-hald nane can be fund, 
 I pray zow cast the leid-lyne owt. 
 
 Semjpill, Fleinying Bark, s. 7. 
 
 ANKER, Ankyr, s. 1. A dry measure, 
 similar to the firlot, still used in Orkney 
 and Shetland in measuring potatoes ; one 
 third of a barrel. 
 
 2. A liquid measure formerly in use in all 
 districts that traded with the Dutch : it 
 was equal to ten wine gallons. In Orkney 
 and Shetland it was reckoned equal to 38 
 Danish quarts. 
 
 3. A small barrel used by smugglers for carry- 
 ing their brandy on horseback, &c. : also, 
 the small barrel, open at one end, used for 
 holding the oatmeal in daily use, and for 
 various other household purposes, was called 
 an anker, as in the following extract from 
 an inventory of household goods belonging 
 to a burgess of Aberdeen : — 
 
 ' ' Item, thre hand axis, a brogit 
 
 staf, a litil ankyr, a gyrdil, a bakbrede, a brewyne fat," 
 &c. Burgh itecs. Aberd., 26 Apr. 1477. 
 
 The anker is still so used in secluded districts of the 
 South and West of S. ; and is a big or a wee, a muckle 
 or a little anker, according to its size or capacity. 
 
 Dan., Dutch, Ger. anker, a measure. 
 
ANN 
 
 [15] 
 
 ANT 
 
 ANNA, Annat, s. The first year's income of 
 a benefice : Accts. Lord H. Treas. Scot., i. 
 197. V. Ann. 
 
 In Scotland, the fifth penny of the annat belonged 
 to the king ; consequently this casualty could not be 
 exacted without his consent. 
 
 ANNALIIT, part pt. Disponed, alienated, 
 pledged, gifted, founded. Burgh Recs. 
 Aberd., 1563. V. Analie. 
 
 This term occurs in all our Burgh Recs., and under 
 various forms. It is most frequently met with in 
 connection with deeds of gift and foundation, and in 
 records of bargains for loans and exchanges. 
 
 ANNES, Annis, adv. Once, one time. 
 Burgh Eec. Peebles, 20 Oct. 1564. V. 
 
 Anes. 
 
 ANNET, Annat, s. V. Anna. 
 
 ANNS, s. pi. Awns, beards of barley or grass; 
 also, chaff of oats, barley, &c. V. AwNS. 
 Icel. ogn, Dan. avne, chaff, 
 
 ANNUAL, s. A yearly present, payment, or 
 tax. 
 
 *' Item, to the beidmen of the Trinetie College for 
 thair annuall xli." 
 
 " Item, to Sir Johne Bauld for the annual of the 
 grammer scule, awing be the toun xl. s." Accts. 
 Burgh of Edin., 1552-3, Eecs. So. 
 
 ANNUAL-RENT, s. Yearly payment to 
 landlord or creditor; yearly income from 
 property or money ; rent, interest, S. 
 
 This term is employed in all these senses in an entry 
 in the Burgh Recs. of Aberd., dated 1 Dec. 1624 ; 
 but, generally, it means interest, as in the following 
 passage : — 
 
 ". . . lyes out of payment, alsweill of principall 
 as annual-rent," &c. Burgh Recs. Aberd., 5 Feb. 
 1640. Recs. So. 
 
 ANORDINAR, Anordnar, Anornar, 
 Unordnar, Unornar, adj. Inordinate, 
 enormous, unusual, extraordinary; as, "They 
 gied anordnar ransoms for cowts the day." 
 West and South of S. 
 
 These are various corruptions of inordinar ; from in, 
 neg., and Fr. ordinaire, ordinary. 
 
 By-ordnar is similarly used, but has generally a 
 wider range of meaning. 
 
 ANOTAMELL, Antomell, s. Anatomy, 
 art of dissection, dissection, subject for 
 dissection. 
 
 " . . . that is to say, that he knaw anotamell, 
 nature and complexion of euery member humania 
 bodie," &c. Burgh Recs. Edin., I July, 1505. 
 
 " . . . and that we may have anis in the yeir 
 ane condampnit man eftir he be deid to mak antomell 
 of," &c. Ibid. 
 
 ANOURNMENTS, Anowrnments, s. pi. 
 Adornments, decorations. Charters of 
 Peebles, 4 Feb., 1444-5. V. Anorne. 
 
 ANOY, s. Err. for Not, employment, busi- 
 ness. Barbour, xiii. 173, Edin. MS. V. 
 Note. 
 
 ANOY, s. Annoyance, harm. Barbour, viii. 
 
 371. PI. awoyw, troubles, hardships. Ibid., 
 
 i. 304. 
 
 O. Fr. anoier, anuier ; Fr. ennuyer, to annoy, vex, 
 trouble. It. noia, trouble ; Sp. enoja, offence, injury. 
 
 To ANSCHIR, V. a. To answer, reply; 
 Henryson, Bann. MS., p. 1005, 1. 58. 
 
 Anschir, Anscheir, s. An answer, reply : 
 Ibid., p. 958, 1. 41. 
 
 ANSEINYE, Enseinye, s. 1. An ensign, 
 
 flag, banner of a company. V. Ansenye. 
 
 ' ' Ordanes tua new cuUouris to be enseinyeis to be 
 bocht vpon the tounes charges," &c. Burgh Recs. 
 Glasg., 2 Apr. 1627. 
 
 2. An ensign, an officer who carries the regi- 
 mental colours. 
 
 "Ninian Andersone, anseinyie for the craftis," &c. 
 Ibid., 18 Mar. 1601. 
 
 3. A company of soldiers. Ibid., 18 Mar. 
 1601. 
 
 In the Burgh Recs. of Aberdeen there are some very 
 strange forms of this word, as, antsingzies, in p. 305, 
 and anzangzes, in p. 308 of vol. ii., Spal. CI. ; and 
 ancient, in pp. 14, 28, and 72 of vol. iv., Rec. Soc. In 
 the Burgh Recs. Glasg., vol. i., p. 471, the form is 
 hanseinyie, as if for Jiand-sign. The entry is interest- 
 ing on account of its particulars, and runs thus : — 
 
 "June 11, [1583]. Item, depursit for coillis, peitis, 
 candle, and some boyes wadgis, ane polk to the han- 
 seinyie, and for mending of the cheinyeis of the knok, 
 vj li. vj s. viij d." 
 
 This term is a corr. of Fr, enseigne, from Lat. insignty 
 a badge, flag. 
 
 To ANT, V. a. To attend to, to attend, obey ; 
 
 Shetl. 
 
 Icel. ansa, id. 
 
 ANTECESSOUR, Antecestrb, s. Art 
 ancestor; Henryson, Bann. MS., p. 1005, 
 1. 26; Oompl. Scot., p. 186, E.E.T.S. 
 V. Antycessor. 
 
 ANTICK, Antik, adj. Ancient, old- 
 fashioned, antique. 
 
 "But in this also we are more antich norfantiquity." 
 Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. vii. 
 
 Fr. antique, from Lat. antiquus, ancient. 
 
 ANTINMAS, s. Prob. Anthony's mass, 
 
 twenty-four days after Christmas, Shetl. 
 
 St. Anthony, the patriarch of saints, is commemo- 
 rated in various ways all over Europe. His day in the 
 Calendar is 17th January, or twenty-four days after 
 Christmas, as stated in the Gloss. Orkn. and Shetl. V. 
 Chambers' Book of Days, i. 124. 
 
 ANTOMELL, s. Anatomy, subject for dis- 
 section. V. Anotamell. 
 
ANT 
 
 [16] 
 
 APP 
 
 ANTRUM, AuNTRUM, s. The afternoon or 
 
 early evening repast; also, the time fixed 
 
 for it, sometimes called anterin-time, and 
 
 aunterin-time. West and South of S. V. 
 
 Andrum. 
 
 This term is a corruption of A.-S. undern, the third 
 hour, which under various forms occurs in many of the 
 English dialects. 
 
 ANWELL, s. Annual, yearly rent or pay- 
 ment; pi. anwellis. Charters of Peebles, 
 4 Feb. 1444-5, Lanark Recs., 1505. 
 
 Amvell is properly an adj., and as such is still in 
 use ; as, the amvell meetirC. 
 
 ANYESTER,, s. A name given to a two- 
 year-old sheep, or rather to one in its second 
 year, Shetl. 
 
 ANYING, Ananying, part. Owing, a corr. 
 of aioning, awnin', also in use, Gall. 
 
 ANYS, adv. Once. Barbour, i. 272. V. 
 Anis. 
 
 APANE, Apatn, adv. At a pinch. Bar- 
 bour, ix. 64, 89. V. Apayn. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson's meaning of apayn is entirely wrong. 
 Fr. a peine, at or under penalty, in extremity, in 
 desperation, at a pinch. See note in Prof. Skeat'a 
 Ed., pp. 573-4. 
 
 APARALE, Aparaile, s. Preparation ; 
 apparatus, fittings. V. Apparelle. 
 
 Till ordane till mak aparale 
 For till defend and till assale. 
 
 Barbour, xvii. 241, Camb. MS. 
 . . : . certis'hard I neuir say. 
 That Inglis men mar aparaile 
 Maid, then thai did [than] for bataill. 
 
 Ibid., xi. 81, Edin. MS. 
 
 APIN, Appin, adj. and v. Open ; also as an 
 adv., openly ; as, " It was done apin afore al 
 men." V. Appin. 
 
 Appynly, adv. Openly. Compl. Scot., p. 
 133, E.E.T.S. 
 
 APLOCHS, s. pi. Remnants, remains of 
 any work or repast. West and South of S. 
 V. Ablach. 
 
 In olden times scarcely a field of grain was shorn, or 
 a meadow mowed, but portions were left in corners 
 uncut to secure the favour of the warlocks ; these por- 
 tions were called aplochs. Modern farming, however, 
 recognises neither aplochs nor warlocks. 
 
 Gael, ablach, carrion, the remains of a creature de- 
 stroyed by ravenous beasts ; hence, dblaoich, a term of 
 contempt, applied to persons and things. 
 
 APNYT, pret. For opnyt, opened. V. Apin. 
 
 Thair yattis haff thai apnyt sone. 
 
 Barbour, xvii. 136, Edin. MS. 
 Camb. MS. has opnyt. 
 
 APNYT, V. n. For hapnyt, happened, Bann. 
 MS., p. 1014, 1. 370; in p. 1004, 1. 28, the 
 form appinnit occurs. 
 
 APONLANDE, Apoland, Uplandis, Up- 
 
 OLANDE, adj. Belonging to the country, 
 living outside the burgh. 
 
 " And gif he be a burges aponlande he sal geyf viii s," 
 &c. Burgh Lawis, ch. 40. 
 
 " . . . men upolande may borow thair pundis 
 thryis fra wolk to wolk . . . And gif the uplandis 
 man throuch frawartschj^ of hym selff will nocht 
 borow his punde," &c. Burgh Lawis, ch. 34. 
 
 In M.E. upland and uplandish are not uncommon. 
 
 APO-SYNAGOGIE, s. Separation or ex- 
 communication from the synagogue ; Blame 
 of Kirkburiall, ch. xviii. V. under Arch- 
 synagogue. 
 
 To APPARDON, Appardoun, v. a. To 
 pardon. 
 
 Appardoun me of this, 
 Gif ocht be to displeiss yow, 
 And quhair I mak a miss, 
 My mynd salbe to meiss yow. 
 
 Akx. Scott, Bann. MS., p. 844, 1. 145. 
 
 APPELLACIONE, s. An appeal. V- 
 Appell. 
 
 "Item, gevin to Henry Mare, iiij'° Februarij, pas- 
 sande to Sanct Andros, a notare for the intimacione of 
 the Kingis appellacione fra the Bischop of Sanctandros, 
 to his expensis, xxiiij s." Accts. Lord H. Treas. Scot., 
 i. 47. Dickson, 
 
 APPERANCE, Apperans, s. ' Apparent 
 fitness, aptness. 
 
 Monye alleageance lele, in lede nocht to lane it, 
 Off Aristotle and aid men scharplye thai schewe ; 
 The prelatis thair apperance proponyt generall. 
 
 Hoidate, 1. 269, Bann. MS. 
 O. Fr. apparoir, Lat. apparere, to be open to view. 
 
 APPILL OREYNYEIS, s. pi. Oranges. 
 
 " Item, for bering of the appill oreynyeis to the hous 
 fra the schip, iij. s." Accts. Lord H. Treas. Scot,, i. 
 330, Dickson. 
 
 This entry is under date 24 Aprile, 1497, and refers 
 probably to a present of oranges for King James 
 IV., which had just arrived at the port of Leith. 
 
 Pomegranates were in like manner then called appil 
 garnetis. 
 
 APPINNIT. V. Apnyt. 
 
 To APPLAUD, Applawd, v. a. To settle, 
 devote, or apply, by public vote or consent ; 
 hence, to vote, devote ; part. pt. applaudit. 
 
 *' . . and the money gottin for the samyn to be 
 applaiodit to the commond weill of this guid toun," 
 &c. Burgh Recs. Aberd., 6 Jan. 1561. 
 
 Fr, applaudir, to applaud. 
 
 APPOSIT, adj. Opposite, Compl. Scot., p. 
 55, E.E.T.S. 
 
 Appositione, s. Opposition, Ibid., p. 55. 
 
 To APPOST, V. a. To arrange, dispose, put 
 in order for defence, fortify. Lat. apposi- 
 tus, apt, fit. V. Apposit. 
 
 How & what way ye suld appost your bordour, 
 Maddeis counsall is verry excellent. 
 
 Sempill, Exhortatioun to the Lordis, s. 14. 
 
APP 
 
 [in 
 
 ARR 
 
 APPOVENTABYLL, adj. Terrible, causing 
 or striking terror. 
 
 The thoimder raif the cluddis sabyll, 
 With horrabyll sound appoventabyll. 
 
 Lyndsay, Exper. and Court., 1. 1418. 
 Fr. epouvantable, terrible ; from epouvanter, to scare ; 
 formerly espouvanter, originally espaventer, from Lat. 
 expaventare, deriv. of expavere. V. Brachet's Etym. 
 Diet, 
 
 APPROFFYT,joar«. Proven, proved. Burgh 
 Rec. Peebles., 5 Oct. 1461. 
 
 APPRO WIN, part. pt. Approved, accepted. 
 
 *' — receavit and approivin be the counsel!, " &c. 
 Burgh Recs. Aberd., 17 Oct. 1649. 
 
 Another form is approffyt : both are used in thess 
 Records, and are common elsewhere. 
 
 Jamieson gave only the form appreue. 
 
 Fr, approuver, to approve, 
 
 APPURVAIT, part. pt. Provided, prepared. 
 
 Held with him-self a gret menye, 
 Swa that he mycht be appurvait 
 To defend, gif he war assayit, 
 
 Barbour, ix. 424. Cam. MS. 
 Edin. MS. has " be ay punoayit." 
 
 AQUARIE, s. Aquarius, one of the signs 
 of the zodiac ; Kingis Quair, st. 1. 
 
 AQUITE, Aquitie, s. Equity, fair play. 
 
 " . . . conform to justice, aquite, and guid 
 custom," &c. Burgh Recs. Aberd., 3 Aug, 1548. 
 Fr, equity, "equitie, equalitie," Cotgr, 
 
 To AQUYTE, v. a. To acquit, free. V. 
 
 Acquyt. 
 
 " , , .he sail nocht fecht, bot thruch the athis 
 of xii men suilk as hym aelff is he sail aquyte hym." 
 Burgh Lawis, ch. 22. 
 
 ARAISIT, part. pt. Raised, lifted up. 
 Kingis Quair, st. 75, Skeat. 
 
 ARAND, part. pr. Ploughing. Compl. 
 Scot., p. 44. V. Ar. 
 
 Goth, arjan, to plough ; Lat. arans, ploughing. M. 
 Eng. earing. 
 
 ARAYMENT, s. Order, setting forth, ar- 
 rangement, preparation. 
 
 "... apon the arayment and uthris necessaris 
 of the play to be plait in the fest of Corpos Xristi 
 nixttocum." Burgh Recs. Aberd., 21 May, 1479, 
 
 O. Fr. arraier, arroier, to order, arrange, Burguy : 
 arroyer, Cotgr. 
 
 ARBYTRE, s. Arbitrament, decision. Lat. 
 arbiter, a judge, umpire. 
 
 And he suld swer that, bot fenyeyng. 
 He suld that arbytre disclar 
 Off thir twa that I tauld of ar. 
 
 Barbotir, 1. 75. 
 
 ARCH-SYNAGOdUE, s. The chief or 
 
 ruler of the synagogue. 
 
 "The v?hich [i.e., profanation] as the arch-synagogues 
 of olde did punishe with apo-synagogie ; so should 
 Kirk- pastors now ding it with the discipline rod." 
 Blame of Kirkburiall, ch, xviii. 
 
 (Sup.) c 
 
 To ARESTE, V. n. To pause, condescend. 
 
 For it was hale his beheste. 
 At thair alleris requests, 
 Mycht dame Nature areste 
 Of him for to re we. 
 
 Houlate, 1, 857, Bann. MS. 
 This sense of the vb, is peculiar. 
 Fr. arrester, to bring one to stand, from Lat. restarey 
 to remain behind, stand still ; So. reist. 
 
 ARG, adj. Eager, fierce, Shetl. 
 
 Icel. orthigr, stalwart, brisk, in the sense of braving 
 or defying ; as in the expression, " orthgask upp sem leo, 
 to rise to one's feet like a lion ;" Cleasby. 
 
 Aegosie, s. Anger, fury, ibid. 
 ARGERIE, s. A crowd, multitude, Shetl. 
 
 Icel, or-grynni, a countless multitude ; Cleasby. 
 The terra angerie, used in Orkn., is prob. a corr. form 
 of argerie. 
 
 To ARGEWE, Argie, v. To argue; to 
 contend with, to fret against, to chide. V. 
 Argie. 
 
 In my mynd 
 
 My folk I wold argeioe, bot all for noght. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 27. 
 
 The term is still used in S. in all these senses ; but 
 most of them are now obsolete in E. In Ayrs., Renfr., 
 Lanarks., a mother still says to her quarrelsome 
 children : * ' Ye'll ai-gie ither f ra morn ti' nicht ; ye're 
 never done wi't." And the terms argie-bargie, argie, 
 and bargie, are applied to such contentions. 
 
 0. Fr. arguer, to argue, plead ; to contend with. 
 
 To ARIFFE, V. n. To arrive. Barbour, iv. 
 559. 
 
 Arhvyng, s. Arrival. Ibid., v. 122. 
 
 ARLED, part. pt. Secured by part payment 
 
 or part possession ; inf eft ; arled in, secured 
 
 or taken possession of for the party who has 
 
 right of entry. V. Arle. 
 
 " . . . for the Innes of eternity are alreadie arled 
 in for our farther assurance, by our two faithful 
 furriours, Enoch and Elias," &c. Blame of Kirkburiall, 
 ch, iii. 
 
 ARMINE, Armtne, s. Ermine, fur. V. 
 Arming. 
 
 With menever, martrik, grice, and ryche amnyne. 
 
 Lyndsay, Papyngo, 1. 1047. 
 Low Lat, arminea, ermine. 
 
 ARMYNG, s. Armour, arms, Barbour, iii. 
 614. V. Armyn. 
 
 Used also as an adj. , meaning pertaining to or form- 
 part of armour, as armyng hois, armyng doublet, armyng 
 schone, hose, doublet, shoes, to be worn with armour. 
 Accts. Lord H. Treas. Scot., pp. 256, 257, 269,. 
 Dickson. 
 
 ARRAGE, s. Feudal service with draught- 
 cattle, i.e., avers; also, the right of such 
 service; Compl. Scot., pp. 124, 125, E.E.T.S. 
 V. Araqe. 
 
 This term is short for average : Low Lat, averagium, 
 id, V, Du Cange, 
 
ARR 
 
 [18] 
 
 AS 
 
 ARRAVIS. s. pi. Arrows. 
 
 And defend weill the vp-cnmmj'ng, 
 
 Sen he wes varnysit of Armj'ng 
 
 That he thair Arravis [thurt] nocht dreid. 
 
 Barbour, vi. 121, Cam. MS. 
 
 ARRAY, s. Garb, fashion, pattern, style ; 
 
 also, uniformity ; in array, in uniform ; of 
 
 array, of one pattern, uniform, alike. 
 
 Thaire tabartis ar noght bothe maid of array. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 110. 
 
 Prof. Skeat suggests that maid should here be 
 omitted, and array read a ray, i.e., one order, style, 
 
 pattern. 
 
 ARRES, s. Arras, tapestry ; so named from 
 Arras, in Artois, N. of France, where it 
 was first made ; used also as an adj. 
 
 ". . and for the tursing of the arres clathys to 
 the Abbay and the Freris at the parliament," &c. 
 Accts. Lord H. Treas. Scot., i. 53, Dickson. 
 
 ARREST, Aereist, Areist, s. The legal 
 seizure of a person's wages in payment of 
 debt ; also, the decree or authority for such 
 seizure ; same as E. arrestment. S. 
 
 The ordinary E. meanings of this term are current 
 in S. also. 
 
 O. Fr. arrest, an arrest, an execution served upon a 
 man's person or goods, &c. Cotgr. 
 
 ARSCAP, ARSCAPAT, s. Heirship, in- 
 heritance, Burgh Rec. Peebles. V. Atrs- 
 
 CHIP. 
 
 The form arcliap occurs in these same Records under 
 date 13 April, 1457 ; and airiskap in Prestwick Recs., 
 p. 22. 
 
 The term is frequently used as an adj.; as, " — the 
 arschip gudis," heirship goods, or goods inherited; 
 Burgh Recs. Edin., 25 July, 1548. 
 
 ARSDENE, s. Archdean, arch-deacon. The 
 opposite to soddene, i.e., subdean, in P. 
 Plowman. 
 
 Vpoun the sand yit I saw, as thesaurare tane 
 With grene awmouss on hede, Schir Gawane the Drake ; 
 The Arsdene that aiirman ay prechand in plane, 
 Correctour of Kirkmen was clepit the Clake. 
 
 Houlate, L 211, Bann. MS, 
 
 Given Arseene in the DiCT. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson corrected some of the mistakes in the 
 passage as published by Pinkerton; hnt Arseene, and 
 hirhine for kirkmen, he retained. In the Bannatyne 
 MS. the word at first sight appears like Arseene, and 
 it is so given in the very carefully prepared edition of 
 the MS. issued by the Hunterian Society j but closer 
 inspection shows it to be Arsdene, and that the 
 misreading is caused by the d being imperfectly formed 
 under the turn of the s. In the Asloan or Auchinleck 
 MS. , which is beautifully written, the word is clearly 
 archedene. 
 
 ARSET, adv. Backwards, stern foremost; 
 same with arslin, arselins, q. v.. Gall. 
 
 ARSOUN, s. Bow of a saddle, saddle-bow. 
 Barbour, xvi. 131 ; farther und hynder 
 arsoun, front and back bow of saddle. 
 
 Arsoun is sometimes used for the saddle itself ; but 
 properly the saddle had two arsouns, one in front and 
 one behind, called the fo7-e or farther aj-soun, and the 
 hynd or hynder arsoun. Hence — 
 
 In the arsouns before and behynde 
 Wer twey stones of ynde, 
 Gay for the maystrye. 
 
 Sir Launfal, 1. 955. 
 Jamieson's mistake with this word is as ludicrous as 
 it is wide of the mark. He must have been, as Prof. 
 Skeat mildly puts it, " strangely misled by the sound 
 of the former part of the word." V. Note, Barbour, 
 p. 777, E. E. Text Soc. 
 Fr. argon, saddle-bow. 
 
 ARTICLES, s. pi. 1. The subjects to be 
 
 discussed, and the laws to be passed, by the 
 
 Scot. Parliament were called articles. 
 
 "The three estates of the realm having been 
 assembled, certain persons were elected for the deter- 
 mination of the A rticles to be proposed to them by the 
 king, leave of returning home being given to the other 
 members of the parliament." Tytler's Hist. Scot., 
 vol. ii., p. 51, Ed. 1864. 
 
 2. Lords of the Articles, or short, "The 
 Articles," the members who formed the 
 Committee of Pari, for determining the 
 Articles ; also, the Committee of Parliament, 
 w'hich was usually called " The Articles." 
 
 "That nane suspect of religione be chosen upon the 
 Articles." Book of the Universal Kirk, p. 400, 
 Ed. 1839. 
 
 Some idea of the duties of this Committee, and of 
 the mode of its election, may be gathered from the 
 following extracts from Tytler's Hist, of Scotland. 
 
 "Parliament was then prorogued to the 17th of 
 March, whilst the committee known by the name of 
 the Lords of the Articles, continued their sittings for 
 the introduction of such statutes as were esteemed 
 beneficial to the general interests of the kingdom." 
 'Vol. iii., p. 9, Ed. 1864. 
 
 Regarding the opening of Pari. , and the preliminary 
 proceedings that followed, see the account given by 
 the same author in vol. iii., pp. 126-7. These being 
 ended, — 
 
 ' ' The Lords of the Articles were next chosen, the 
 order of which, says Randolph, 'is that the Lords 
 Spiritual choose the Temporal, and the Temporal the 
 Spiritual, — the Burgesses their own.' " Vol. iii. , p. 127. 
 
 From which we learn that Scot, laws were framed 
 not by Parliament, but by a select committee of Parlia- 
 ment, while all the other members were at home and 
 engaged on their own affairs. 
 
 In the Complaynt of Scotland the term artiklis is 
 applied to the conclusions, terms, or particulars of a 
 treaty ; v. p. 97, E.E.T.S. ed. The indenture of an 
 apprentice is still called his articles ; and the Captain 
 of a ship takes charge of its Articles. 
 
 ARUELL, s. A funeral feast. V. Arval. 
 
 To ARYVE, Arryfe, Artwe, v. n. To 
 arrive, reach. V. Ariffe. 
 
 "Gyf ouy schyp aryve at the havyn of Berwyk or 
 ony vthyr havyn wythin the Kynryk of Scotland," 
 &c. Custome of Schippis, ch. 1. 
 
 Arywe and its part. pt. arywyt are used by Barbour, 
 iii. 389, 637. 
 
 AS, conj. That : quhare as, where that, 
 Kingis Quair, st. 40. 
 
ASC 
 
 [19] 
 
 ASP 
 
 This use of as is still common in the South and West 
 of S. It is also often used as a rel. pron. for that : but 
 this use is common in various districts of England as 
 well. 
 
 When preceded by a comparative, as means tha7i ; 
 as, " mair as," more than; Compl. Scot., pp. 5, 13, 
 14, &c. V. As. 
 
 ASCHIN, adj. Ashen, of ash-wood. 
 
 "Item, gifhn for ane aschin tre, to be toppis to the 
 Kingis pailyounis, xiiij s." Accts. Lord H. Treas. 
 Scot., i. 285, Dickson. 
 
 A.-S. cBsc, loel. askr, Dan. and Swed. ash, an ash. 
 
 ASIAMENT, s. Easement, convenience, 
 accommodation ; Burgh Recs. Aberd., 31 
 May, 1488. V. Aisment. 
 
 To ASICH, V. a. A form of Assyth, q. v. 
 It occurs in Burgh Recs. frequently. 
 Forms like this arose from mis-reading t as 
 c. In M. E. MSS. instances are manifold. 
 V. Assich. 
 
 ASISE, A SIS, s. Assize. V. Assis. 
 
 ASK, AiSK, s. 1. Drizzle; small particles 
 of dust, or snow, half-fog half -rain ; Orkn. 
 and Shetl. 
 
 2. A wooden dish for holding ashes, ibid. 
 
 To Ask, Aisk, v. n. To rain slightly, to 
 drizzle, ibid. 
 Icel. aske, A.-S. cescan, ashes. 
 
 ASKAR, adv. In scorn, contempt, derision, 
 or despite ; with mocks, jeers, or raillery. 
 
 Thay gart mee stand fra thame askar, 
 Evin lyk a begger at the bar, 
 And fleimit mair or lesse. 
 
 Lyndsay, Tlvrie Estaitis, 1. 1401. 
 
 Prob. relying on the Bannatyne MS. reading afar. 
 Dr. Laing rendered this term, at a distance, away from , 
 which cannot be correct ; for it contradicts the state- 
 ment of the last line, and is not in keeping with the 
 sense of the passage. 
 
 No doubt askar is from O. Fr. eschar, escar, esker, 
 from escharnir, escarnir, eschernir, eskernir, to blame, 
 rail at, mock, jeer, insult ; a eschar, in derision. V. 
 Burguy's Gloss. 
 
 With this meaning the sense is clear, and the picture 
 complete; for the passage reads thus : "They made 
 me stand aside with scorn, just like a beggar at the 
 bar [of an ale-house] ; and they pushed, drove, or 
 turned me out more or less." 
 
 ASLARS, AsLAURRis, s. pi. Ashler stones. 
 
 V. ASHLAK. 
 
 ". . that he sail furnya in hewing vj" fete of 
 aslaurris to the f urnessing and completing of the towre 
 of the Tolbuith," &c. Burgh Kecs. Edin. 19th Mar., 
 1500-1. 
 
 To ASOL, AssoL, Aisle, v. a. To sun ; to 
 dry, mellow, or season in the sun ; generally 
 applied to yarn, clothes, &c., that are best 
 dried in the sun ; Ayrs. 
 
 AsOL, Aisle, Assol, s. Sunning, drying, 
 mellowing, or seasoning in the sun ; also, 
 the act or the state of sunning, &c. ; as, 
 "The claes '11 be gettin' a fine aisle the 
 day ; " " Run noo, an' set the claes to the 
 asol^'' Ibid. 
 
 Asolin', Aislin', part. adj. Sunning; sun- 
 drying ; fit or suitable for sunning ; in the 
 state, act, or process of sunning: as, "It's 
 a gran' aislin day : see an' put out a' the 
 asolin things first," Ibid. 
 
 0. Fr. assoler, to sun ; to season, harden, or dry in 
 the sun : assoU, sunned ; seasoned, &c. in the sun. 
 Cotgr. 
 
 ASOOND, adv. In a swoon, Shetl. 
 
 ASOYLE, AsoiLS, v. a. A contr. form of 
 
 assoilzie and it corr. assoilsie, to acquit, free, 
 
 absolve ; also, resolve, answer, reply to, 
 
 unriddle. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson represents Douglas as using assoilyie 
 improperly in the sense of resolve, &c. This is certainly 
 an error, and one into which he would not have fallen 
 had he considered or compared this term with soilye, 
 to solve, resolve ; V. Dict. In the sense used by 
 Douglas, and many other writers, the prefix a or as, 
 is here simply intensive. It is a French usage in which 
 Scottish writers delighted ; indeed it is a marked 
 peculiaritj' of the language as compared with English. 
 But even E. writers so used the term, as in 
 
 Asoyle my qwestyon anon ryght 
 Thy brother Abel, wher now is he ? 
 Ha don, and answere me as tycht. 
 
 Cov. My St., p. 38. 
 These contracted forms are still used colloquially in 
 reference to law cases. 
 
 ASPERT. Prob. a mis-reading of affert or 
 
 afferit, frightened, made or caused to be 
 
 afraid. 
 
 This term occurs only in the following passage of 
 the Kingis Quair, which is evidently more or less 
 corrupt. 
 
 " Though thy begynnyng hath bene retrograde, 
 
 Be froward opposyt quhare tiU aspert, 
 
 Now sail thai turn and luke on the dert. " 
 
 K. q., St. 170. 
 
 So it stands in the only MS. that has come down to 
 us ; and various attempts have been made to get at the 
 meaning of the author, but without success. The 
 latest, and by far the best, editor of the poem, Prof. 
 Skeat, calls it "the hopelessly diiEcult phrase quhare 
 till aspert, the meaning of which is unknown, and 
 which must be corrupt." He renders the line, Be fro- 
 ward, &c. , "by means of the perverse hostile men, 
 whereunto (they were) exasperated ;" but confesses 
 that his rendering of it "is very obscure, though less 
 forced than any other explanation," p. 90. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson proposed harsh, ciniel, as the meaning 
 of aspert ; but his note shows that he was not satisfied 
 with it ; and, indeed, no one has accepted it. And 
 the same may be said more or less certainly of all the 
 other proposals. 
 
 Seeing then that the passage as it stands defies 
 explanation, I began with it as a passage corrupted in 
 the transcribing ; then after testing it word by word, 
 I concluded that the most likely places where a trans- 
 
ASP 
 
 [20] 
 
 ASS 
 
 criber would go wrong, and especially one who did 
 not know the language well, were quhare till, aspert, 
 and dert. Then, a careful study of the context 
 suggested that quhare till is a very likely mis-reading 
 of qiiha here till, who hitherto ; aspert, of affert or 
 afferit, frightened, overawed ; and dert, of delrt, derit, 
 or deer it, daunted, injured, wronged, oppressed. 
 
 The passage so restored would be, — 
 
 ' ' Though thy begynnyng hath been retrograde, 
 
 Be froward, opposyt, quha heretill alfert ; 
 
 Now sail thai turn and luke on the deirt." 
 
 Which certainly improves the scansion, and does not 
 force the sense ; opposyt being read as it is commonly 
 pron. opsit ; and turn, or deirt, as dissyllabic. 
 
 The meaning of the passage then is : " Though thy 
 beginning has been backward or unfortunate through 
 [the working of] froward, adverse men, who hitherto 
 frightened thee ; now shall they turn and look upon 
 thee as an injured one." And we know that such a 
 change did take place very soon after this passage was 
 written, and almost as suddenly as is implied. In the 
 early summer of 1423 James was writing his Quair in 
 despondency, and almost without hope of freedom ; 
 and by the end of August a commission was at work 
 arranging for his return to Scotland as lawful king. 
 See Tytler's Hist, of Scot., voL ii., ch. 1." 
 
 ASPOSIT, AssposiT, par^. j9^ 1. Disposed, 
 inclined, able. V. AsPOSiT. 
 
 2. Appointed, directed, enjoined. 
 
 ". . . ane chaplane . . . daylie doand mes 
 at the said altar quhan he is asposit." Burgh Rec. 
 Peebles, 20th Jan. 1520. 
 
 Assposit occurs in this sense under date 15 Oct., 
 1481 ; and esposit occurs under date 28 Mar., 1457, 
 bearing the first sense. 
 
 ASPYNE, 8. A long boat. V. Esppie. 
 
 The meaning of this word is somewhat vague and 
 indefinite in the DiCT., but the derivation is correct. 
 The Cam. MS. reads espyne, which may be directly 
 traced to Icel. espingr, Sw. esping, a ship's boat. V. 
 Prof. Skeat's Gl. to Barbour. 
 
 ASSALE, ASSAY, ASSAYE, s. Assault, 
 attack, attempt. Barbour, Douglas, Lynd- 
 say. V. AssAiLYiE. 
 
 . . . . the toun wes hard to ta 
 Vith oppyn assale be strinth or mycht, 
 Tharfor he thoucht to virk vith slicht. 
 
 Barbour, ix. 350. Cam. MS. 
 
 Edin. MS. has sawt. 
 
 Assale and Assay are also used as vb, 
 
 ASSBACKET, Asbacket, Asebacket, s. 
 An ashbat ; West and South of S. 
 V. As, Ass. 
 
 This is a dimin. of assback, a back or tub for ashes. 
 The term back is still applied to a kind of brewer's tub, 
 and has been corr. into bat ; in the same way bat, a 
 winged mammal, is corr. from M. E. bakke, backe ; Sc. 
 bauckie, and bauckie-bird. 
 
 ASSEISIT, part. pt. Settled, entered on 
 possession, fixed. 
 
 Mars in Capricorne ; 
 
 And Cynthia in Sagittar asseisit. 
 
 Lyndsay, Papyngo, L 130. 
 In law, a person is still said to be seised or possessed 
 of property : there is also the term seisin or seizin, 
 possession of property. 
 
 To ASSEMMYLL, Assembill, v. n. To 
 assemble, Barbour, xvii. 341 ; to advance to 
 battle. Ibid., ii. 294 ; to join battle, en- 
 counter, attack, Ibid., xii. 267, 543 ; assem- 
 myl on, to attack. Ibid., xiii. 7, Camb. MS. 
 V. Assemble. 
 
 ASSENTATIONS, s. Flattery; in the 
 
 sense of assenting to every thing said by 
 
 a superior. Oompl. Scot., p. 3. 
 
 O. Fr. assentation, "assentation, flatterie, colloguing," 
 Cotgr. 
 
 To ASSICH, AsiCH, v. a. To compensate, 
 
 to give compensation, part. pt. assichit. V. 
 
 AsSYTH, of which it is a corrupt form. 
 
 " . . . he wants his mere, and the saidis persons 
 acht til upricht and assich him for hir." Burgh Recs. 
 Aberd., 19 July, 1480. Sp. C. 
 
 ASSIGE, s. Siege. Burgh Recs. Aberd., 
 2 Oct., 1546. V. Assege. 
 
 In another entry during the same month it is written 
 sage. 
 
 ASSIGNAIS, AssiGNAS, s. pi. Assignees. 
 Charters of Edinburgh, 8 Nov., 1482. 
 Burgh Rec. Edin., p. 230. 
 
 ASSIS, s. pi. Ashes, potash. V. As. 
 
 " . . . ilk barell of tasill twa peniis, of a barel 
 wyth assis twa peniis," &c. Assize of Petty Customs, 
 ch. 11. 
 
 ASSIS, AssYis, AsiSE, s. Assize, a statute 
 fixing the weight, measure, or price of any- 
 thing. Fr. assise, a set rate ; from Low L. 
 assidere, to set, fix, settle. 
 
 " A man may profe sesing of lande boucht wyth in 
 the burche efter the law and the asise mayd be Dauid 
 King of Scotland this maner," &c. Fragments of Old 
 Laws, ch. 10. 
 
 " Item, at thai keip nocht, na gerris keip the a^sut 
 of breid and aile, wyn and nesche lauchf uUy. " 
 Chalmerlan Air, ch. 4. 
 
 AssisORiE, s. Assessorship ; the post, duties, 
 or work of an assessor. Burgh Recs. Edin., 
 vol. iii., p. 5. Recs. So. 
 
 To ASSOLYE, v. a. To absolve ; pret. and 
 part. pt. assoleit. Barbour, xx. 295, Camb. 
 MS. V. ASSOILYIE. 
 This vb. is still used in Scotch Law. 
 
 ASSONYE, EssONYE, s. An excuse for 
 absence, a law terra. V. Assonyie, v. 
 
 " . . . and quha that dissobeyis and absentis hym 
 in the tym withoutin leif or a resonable assonye he sal 
 paye," &c. Burgh Rec. Edin., 2 Dec. 1474. 
 
 ASSOUERIT, part. pt. Browned, ripened. 
 
 This wes in -till the harvist tyde 
 Quhen feldis, that var fair and vyde, 
 Chargit with come assoturit var. 
 
 Barbour, x. 187, Camb. MS. 
 
ASS 
 
 [21] 
 
 ATH 
 
 0. Fr. sor, Fr. saur, brownish red. 
 " Saurir, to turne into a sorrel colour," Cotgr. V, 
 Prof. Skeat's Barbour, p. 646. 
 
 ASSOWERYT, pret. Felt assurance, felt 
 secure, trusted. 
 
 For in his noble gouernyng, 
 And in his hey chewalry, 
 Thai assoweryt rycht soueranly. 
 
 Barbour, xi. 309, Edin. MS. 
 
 0. Fr. asseurer, to secure, from Lat. assecurare. 
 
 ASSWETIT, part. adj. Accustomed : Lat. 
 
 assuetus. 
 
 In gamis glaid he was rycht weill assivetit, 
 Rycht featlie on the iluire alswa could dance. 
 
 Sempill Ballates, p. 2. 
 
 ASSYTHER, s. A law officer whose duty 
 was to see that offences were suitably 
 punished or atoned for, an assessor. V. 
 
 ASSYTH. 
 
 "Item, for breid and drink feched furth to the 
 assytheris, xxx s." Accts, Burgh of Peebles, 15 Dec. 
 1629. 
 
 This refreshment was given to the assytheris at a 
 burning of witches, and appears to have been a refresh- 
 ment all round ; for the same entry continues thus : — 
 
 " Item, feched furth thairof to the hangman and 
 wiches, xviii s." 
 
 To ASTERT, v. n. To start, bound, set off ; 
 also, to start up or aside ; and hence to 
 avoid, shun, escape, Kingis Quair, st. 40, 44. 
 
 V. ASTART. 
 
 ASTLAYR, AsTLER, adj. Ashler. V. 
 Ashlar. 
 
 " . . . xii<= hewyn stanys astlayr and coynyhe 
 swilk as fallys to that werk," &c. Charters of Edin- 
 burgh, 29 Nov. 1387. 
 
 Used also as a s, as in the following :--" . , and 
 he sail furnys ilk fute of the astler weill hewin on all 
 faces for ij d the fute," &c. Burgh Hecs. Edin., 19 
 Mar. 1500-1. 
 
 To ASTONEY, v. a. To amaze, astonish, 
 dismay, Barbour, i. 299, Herd's Ed. V. 
 Stonay. 
 
 ASTRASIMENT, s. A corr. or errat. for 
 astransimeuL distraint, seizure of goods for 
 debt. 
 
 " . . . tane in astrasiment of payment of a 
 Hamburgh barel of salmond, " &c. Burgh Recs. Aberd. , 
 16 Jan. 1469. 
 
 O. Fr. astraindre, also rastraindre, to distrain : as- 
 tretidement, rastrendement, distraint, Burguy. 
 
 ASUA, C071J. Also, as well as : a corr. of 
 alsua, Burgh Recs. Aberd., 12 Sept. 1489. 
 
 ASUR, AisuR, s. and adj. Azure, Houlate, 
 1. 346 ; aisser, Mait. CI. Misc., iii. 372. 
 
 ASYSS, s. Assize, Barbour, xix. 55, Edin. 
 MS. V. Assis. 
 
 AT, prep. From, of, at the hands of ; also, 
 by, or in accordance with, like to. 
 
 "Item, giffin to the Prothonctar, at the kingis 
 command that he tuke up at Anthoine Keth, Ixxxxviij. 
 lib. vjs. viijd." Accts. Lord H. Treas., Scot., i. 364, 
 Dickson. 
 
 ". . . the faithfuU after Constantino in founding 
 of kirks, taking the type at lerusalems temple," &c. 
 Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. vi. 
 
 At Al, At All, At a', adv. 1. In all 
 things, in all respects, in every way, at 
 best. 
 So used by Douglas in his Prol. to Eneados, Bk. I. 
 " My waverand wit, my cunnyng feble at all." 
 
 2. In or at any thing, in any respect, in any way, 
 
 at any time, on any account ; in this sense 
 
 it is similar to ava\ and still in common 
 
 use. " He can do na gude at a'." " Wark 
 
 disna concern him at a'." "Ye'll aye fin' 
 
 me at hame ; I ne'er gae out at a'." 
 
 In this sense it is generally preceded by a negative 
 term. 
 
 3. It is also used in the sense of rightly, 
 
 correctly, properly, well ; and hence, with 
 
 comfort, satisfaction, or credit, &c. " Tell 
 
 me hoo to do't ; I canna do't at a." 
 
 " Withoot a new goun, I couldna gang wi', 
 
 nor sit beside thae gran' folk at a'." 
 
 In senses 2 and 3 the meaning is intensified by 
 repeating the phrase : as, "I canna gang there at a', 
 at a'." V. At All. 
 
 ATAE, Atoo, adv. Unto, towards ; hence, 
 close, shut ; as, " Come in atae," i.e., come 
 in towards (the fire). And to a person 
 going out, — " Draw the door atae," draw 
 the door close, shut the door on leaving. 
 West of S., Orkn. 
 
 In Orkn. the form is atto, Gl. Orcadian Sketch 
 Book. 
 
 ATEMPTAT, s. Contempt; act of con- 
 tempt ; an illegal aggression. V. Attemp- 
 
 TAT. 
 
 " . . , in the committing of the said enormitie 
 and heycht atemptat," &c. Burgh Recs. Aberd,, 4 
 May, 1562. 
 
 Fr. attentat, an illegal aggression, alieni juris violatio ; 
 and in this sense it occurs frequently in the Privy 
 Council Register. 
 
 ATEN OUT O' PLY. Animals that are 
 very lean and in poor condition, although 
 they have had abundance of food, are said 
 to be aten out o' plr/, eaten out of plight or 
 condition. South and West of S. V. Ply. 
 
 ATENTIC, adj. Authentic. Compl. Scot., 
 p. 3. V. Attentik. 
 
 ATHER, Athir, adj. and pron. The one or 
 
ATI 
 
 L22] 
 
 AUG 
 
 the other, each, each of two, both. V. 
 Aither, 
 
 But ather ran at uther with sic haist. 
 Lyndsay, Jiisting hetuix Watsoun arid Barbour, 1. 21. 
 This form is repeatedly used by Lyndsay, and in 
 various senses. 
 
 ATIS, s. Oats ; A.-S. dta, pi. dtan. V. Ait. 
 
 * ' Item, to Dave Caldewell, the saim da, be a precep, 
 to by him a chalder of atis, vj. lib." Accts. Lord H. 
 Treas Scot., I. 131, Dickson. 
 
 Atestrae, Aitstrae, s. Oat-straw, a stem 
 or straw of oats ; West and South of S. 
 
 ATONIS, adv. At once. V. Atanis. 
 
 ATOUER, OuTOUER, Outour, prep. Above, 
 
 beyond, farther, farther than. V. Atour, 
 
 Outouer. 
 
 '• All action that is atour the statute of the Lord, 
 
 . . . that is aboue or at otter the statute of God," 
 
 &c. Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. xx. 
 
 To ATRAY, Atrey, Attray, v. a. To 
 
 trouble, frighten, torment, harass ; part. pt. 
 
 atrayed, atreyed^ atlrayed. V. Tray. 
 
 A.-S. trege, vexation, shame, loss ; M. Eng. treie, 
 trey. Hence tregian, to vex, trouble, grieve. 
 
 ATSET, s. The commencement of the ebb- 
 tide, Shetl. 
 
 To ATTACH, v. a. To charge, arrest, 
 
 summon. Fr. attacher, from Lat. tangoy to 
 
 touch. 
 
 " . . . charge you that incontinent ye attach 
 all strangers whais names . . . sail present to you 
 in writ, placing them under safe and sure pledges that 
 they shall compeir," &c. Chalmerlan Air, ch. 2. 
 
 Attachit, Attachyt, part. pt. Attached, 
 charged, summoned, arrested. 
 
 " Gif that a burges be attachyt ututh the burgh for 
 det or for ony mysgilt," &c. Burgh Lawis, ch. 51. 
 
 " . . . sic as has brokyn the pece of the fayr, he 
 sal be attachyt and sykerly kepyt till the motis of that 
 ilke fayr," &c. Burgh Lawis, ch. 86. 
 
 Attachment, Atachement, s. Charge, 
 summons, arrest ; also, the legal document 
 authorizing the charge, &c. 
 
 "The sergeand shall swear , . . that he will 
 lawfully attach and faithfully present his attachments." 
 Oaths of OflScers, ch. Sergeand. 
 
 " . . . the said Andro callit thrys and nocht 
 enterit, than the seriand Thomas of Loch prufit his 
 atachement, " &c. Burgh Rec. Peebles, 20 Jan. 1476. 
 
 ATTANIS, adv. At once. V. Atanis. 
 
 ATTEICHIT, part. pt. Attached, charged, 
 incriminated, inculpated. V. Atteiche. 
 
 Be thow atteichit with tbift, or with tressoun. 
 
 Henryson, Pari, of Beistis, 1. 183. 
 
 Fr. attacher, to attach ; but here used in its legal 
 sense. 
 
 ATTER, Auter, s. An altar; also, in the 
 sense of altarage it is common in the earlier 
 Burgh Records. 
 
 Atterige, Attrage, 5. Altarage. 
 
 " . . . that the atteriges salbe desaimit in the 
 patronis handis," &c. Burgh Bees. Peebles, 7 Apr., 
 1567. 
 
 ATTER, Ater, Etter, s. Poison, poisonous 
 matter, purulent matter from a sore, Clydes. 
 V. Ettir. 
 
 A.-S. dtor, also dttor, poison ; hence attercop, the old 
 name of a spider. 
 
 ATTILE, Attile-duck, s. A water-fowl ; 
 also called the Pochard or Poker. Orkn., 
 Neill's Tour. V. Atteille. 
 
 To ATTLE, Attel, Atel, v. a. and n. 
 Lit. to go towards, to approach ; hence, to 
 aim at, purpose, intend, propose, direct, 
 direct one's way, journey. V. Ettle. 
 
 Icel. cetla, to intend. 
 
 Both attle and ettle have been used from the earliest 
 times; they occur in Will, and Werwolf, Gov. and Town. 
 Mysteries, Gawaine Romances, and our Scot. Burgh 
 Records, and they are still used. 
 
 Attle, Atel, s. Aim, purpose, intention, 
 attempt. V. Ettle. 
 
 ATTRAYED, part. Troubled, frightened. 
 V. Atray. 
 
 ATWEEN-LICHTS. The distance between 
 neighbours' houses, Shetl. 
 
 To AUAILYE, Avalye, v. n. To avail, be 
 of use. V. Avail. 
 
 To AUANCE, V. a. To advance, help, help 
 forward, prosper. Kingis Quair, st. 50, 
 79, 156. V. A VANCE. 
 
 AUCHE, s. A haugh, flat land. Gael. 
 
 aughj id. 
 
 ". . . a fre lonyng throw the sayd a«cAe to Glen- 
 tras as efferis to the town to haf of law," &c. Burgh 
 Rec. Peebles, 14 Dec. 1475. 
 
 AucHEN, adj. Flat, level ; also used as a s. 
 
 meaning field, fertile land. 
 
 Various names of places in S. are derived from 
 Auche : as, Auchleven, in Aberdeenshire ; Auchens, 
 Auchinleck, and Auchindrane, in Ayrshire ; Auchin- 
 earn and Auchingray, in Lanark ; Auchindinny, in 
 Mid-Lothian ; Auchtermuchty and Auchtertoul, in 
 Fife ; and Auchterarder, in Perth. 
 
 AUCHT. 1. Aucht and Want, use and wont, 
 usual, customary. V. Aucht. 
 
 "... for xiiij" merks yeirly, to be payet at 
 the termes aucJU and toant," etc. Burgh Rec. Edin., 
 1466. 
 
 "... asiamentis, profitis, ande deviteis, aucht 
 and wont." Burgh Recs. Aberd., 1488. 
 
AUG 
 
 [23] 
 
 AUN 
 
 2. Aiicht of ressoim, reasonable duty, or satis- 
 faction. 
 
 ". . . redy to do to the said letteris the micht 
 qf ressoun." Burgh Recs. Aberd., 12 Jan. 1544. 
 
 AUCHTSUM, adj. Eightsome, consisting 
 
 of eight persons or things. 
 
 He was bot auchtsum in his rout, 
 For of danger he had no dout. 
 
 Lyndsay, Sq. Meldrum, 1. 1225. 
 
 A.-S. eahtasum, eightsome : from eahta, eight. 
 
 AUCHTY, adj. Eighty. S. A.-S. eahta, 
 eight. 
 
 AUCTOR, AucTOUR, Awctor, Autour, s. 
 
 Author, originator ; Henryson, Douglas : 
 Bann. MS. pp. 948, 959, 847. 
 
 AUD, adj. Old ; a corr. of auld, q.v. 
 
 AUDIENS, s. Audience, hearing; Com- 
 playnt of Scot., p. 31 : open court, Henry- 
 son. 
 
 Thair suld no man for wrang or violens, 
 His aduersar punneis at his awin hand, 
 Without process of law in audiens. 
 
 Henryson, Wolf and Lamb, 1. 67, Bann, MS. 
 Dr. Laing's ed. gives ' ' Without prooes of law and 
 evidence ; " the other is the better reading. 
 
 AUDIT, s. A horizontal shaft or level 
 forming an approach to a mine or a means 
 of draining it; Early Recs. of Mining in 
 Scotland, p. 107 : adit, Derbyshire Lead- 
 Mining Terms, Dial. Soc. Lat. aditus. 
 
 AUDITURE, s. Audience, congregation, 
 company of listeners. 
 
 " . . . and the nixt day following the aiuUture 
 was so sclender that many wondered." Knox's Refor- 
 mation in Scot., I. 136, Wood. Soc. 
 
 Fr. auditoire, an audience, from Lat. auditorium. 
 
 AUENTURE, s. V. Aventure, and Aven- 
 tiire. 
 
 To AUERT, V. a. and n. The older form of 
 aduert, to attend, attend to, inquire ; ex- 
 amine ; also, to acquaint, advise, warn. V. 
 Advert. 
 
 The 0. Fr. form was avertir, which is given as adver- 
 tir by Cotgrave. Mod. Fr. avertir. 
 
 " . . . to quietlye aiiert quhair they heir noyis of 
 strangearis or seiknes, and to auert the prouest and 
 bailzies thairof," etc. Burgh Recs. Aberd,, 27 July, 
 1530. 
 
 ^^ Heir noyis of," get information regarding: same 
 as " hear tell of," and '^ get word of." 
 
 AuERTENCE, s. Attention, oversight, examina- 
 tion; also, information, notification, warning. 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 17 May 1531. 
 
 AUERTY, AvERTY, adj. Prudent, cautious, 
 well-advised; Barbour, viii. 162, xviii. 439. 
 
 V. AWERTY. 
 
 AUHTING, part. Owing. Burgh Rec. 
 Peebles, 18 June, 1565. V. Aughtand. 
 
 AUING, AviNG, Awing, part. pr. Owing. 
 Burgh Recs. Aberd., 18 March, 1532. V. 
 
 AVAND. 
 
 AUL', adj. Old ; so pron. in the South and 
 
 West of S. 
 
 AuLFARRAN, adj. Sagacious. 
 
 AuLFARRAN, adj. Sagacious. 
 
 AULD SAUNDERS, Auld Sanners, Auld 
 Sanny, s. a name for the deil, Satan ; 
 Clydes. V. Saunders. 
 
 AULD WIFE, s. 1. An old woman, S. 
 
 2. A name given to a talkative, gossiping 
 person, — one whose speech and manners are 
 similar to those of an old woman ; also to 
 one who makes much of little things, S. 
 
 3. The cowl or cover of a chimney-can, used 
 as an aid-vent. 
 
 So called on account of its likeness to an old woman's 
 head enveloped in a flannel cap. 
 
 In ordinary cases the chimney-can or pig has set on 
 it a top or tap : hence the term pig-tap. But where 
 the ventilation is imperfect, the tajJ is removed and 
 an auld-wife is substituted. During high winds both 
 old-wives and pig-taps are apt to be thrown down, and 
 street walking at such times is somewhat dangerous. 
 Hence the severity of a storm, and one's courage in 
 braving it, came to be represented by the expression, 
 " raining auld-wives and pig-taps," which became cor- 
 rupted into "raining auld-wives and pike-staffn." 
 
 AUM, AwM, s. Alum ; so pronounced by 
 the people all over Scotland, like caum, 
 cawm, for calm. 
 
 To AuM, AwM, V. a. To soak with alum, as 
 in the process of making tinder, awm't or 
 white leather, &c. ; also, to beat soundly, 
 thrash, punish, — in the same sense as E., to 
 tan, to tan one's hide. 
 
 AuM Leather, Aum't Leather, s. Called 
 also white leather; leather prepared by 
 soaking in a solution of alum, and used for 
 gloves, for lining shoes, &c., S. 
 
 AUMERALE, s. Admiral. V. Amyrale. 
 
 ** . , , Gilbert Meignes, vnder aumerale in 
 name of the toone," etc. Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 18 
 Feb. 1445, 
 
 O, Fr, amirail, amiral ; but from Arab, amiv, a 
 prince, an emir, 
 
 AUNCIETY, Auncietie, s. Antiquitj^, 
 ancientness ; Blame of Kirkburlall, ch. xix. 
 V. Anciety. 
 
AUN 
 
 [24] 
 
 AVE 
 
 The form anciente occurs in Barbour, vi. 252 ; and in 
 rarious districts of the West of S. the forms aticientry, 
 auncientry are still used in the same sense. 
 
 AUNTY, s. 1. A vulgar name for a loose 
 woman, one who keeps a brothel. 
 
 In a similar sense it was used by Shakespeare in 
 Winter's Tale, iv. iii. 11, 
 
 2. A vulgar name for the bottle, a debauch. 
 
 It's guid to be social and canty, 
 
 It's cheering to coup afif our horn — 
 But makin' ower free wi' our aunty 
 
 Is sure to bring trouble the morn ; 
 For aunty's a dangerous kimmer, 
 
 And no to be dallied wi' aye, 
 She'll turn to bleak winter our simmer. 
 
 And sprinkle our haffets wi' grey. 
 
 Alex. Rodger, Whistle-Binkie, ii. 237. 
 
 The term aunty was commonly applied to an un- 
 married woman who kept an inn or public house, and 
 hence iti application to the drink obtained in such 
 places. In the West of S. it is still a common saying 
 when a person is seen in liquor — "He's been seein' his 
 aunty." 
 
 AUE, AuRE, AwR, s. The mark left by 
 a cut or wound, S. V. Arr. 
 
 While the cut or wound is healing the mark is called 
 a scar ; when it is completely healed the mark is called 
 an aur. 
 
 Icel. nr^, iyrr, Dan. ar, Sw. drr, a seam, scar or mark 
 of a wound. 
 
 To AURGLEBARGIN, v. n. To wrangle, 
 contend ; same as tirr-wirr, Ramsay. V. 
 Arglebargle. 
 
 The tendency to drop the I in words of common use 
 is illustrated by this word ; its common pron. is argie- 
 bargie, or argo-bargo. 
 
 AUTENTICAL, adj. Authentic, authenti- 
 cated. V. Attentik. 
 
 " . . . the auld autentical acts of the burcht, " 
 etc. Burgh Kec, Prestwick, 31 Jan. 1576-7. 
 
 AuTHENTiKLY, adv. Authenticated, with 
 
 attestation. 
 
 " And ordanis that ilk burgh tak the copy of this 
 act autlientikly vnder the clerkis signe and subscrip- 
 tioun manuell," etc. Burgh Eec. Edin., 10 Nov. 1500. 
 
 To AVAILL, V. a. To lower. Barbour, 
 xvii. 620, Camb. MS. V. Auale, Awail, 
 
 AVAILL. 
 
 AVAK, AvAiK, adj. and adv. Lit. vacant, 
 empty, unfilled ; hence, incomplete, uncon- 
 cluded ; also, unpaid, unsettled ; in arrears, 
 behind hand. 
 
 " . . . the said vicar to persew the saidis personis 
 that lyis avak in contemptioun afor the spiritual juris- 
 diction," etc. Burgh Recs. Aberd., 24 May, 1546. 
 
 Fr. vaquer, from Lat. vacare, to be vacant. 
 
 In its literal sense the term is applied to a house or 
 farm or property that is unoccupied ; in the second 
 sense it is applied to a lease or an engagement that is 
 not yet concluded ; in the third sense, a rent, a debt, 
 etc., that remains unpaid ; in the fourth sense, to the 
 person who has not paid his rent, debt, etc., as in the 
 I passage quoted. 
 
 AVAL, adj. Fallen down, helpless, not able 
 to rise. V. Availl. 
 
 When an animal has fallen on its back or side so 
 that it cannot raise itself, it is said to be aval. Ewe* 
 with lamb are sometimes in this state, and, if not 
 assisted by the shepherd, they soon become the prey of 
 corbies and hoodies. 
 
 AVALYE, V. Avalye que valye, avail what 
 may avail, whatever may be the result,. 
 Barbour, ix. 147, Camb. MS. V. Avail» 
 Alailye. 
 
 Fr. vaille que vaille, Lat. valeat quantum valeat. 
 AVAWARD, s. Vanguard. 
 
 And knaw suthly on quhat maneir 
 Their avaward, that wes so stout, — 
 War reboytit so suddandly. 
 
 Barbour, xii. 179, Camb. MS. 
 Fr. avant, before, and O. Fr. warde, guard, guard ;. 
 the modern form is avant-garde. 
 
 To AVENT, V. a. To give air to, to cool, to 
 vent. V. AwENT. 
 
 AVENTOUR, AvENTURE, s. Venture, 
 hazard, risk ; adventure, exploit ; fortune, 
 chance, luck ; and in a general sense, 
 accident, mischance. V. Aunter, Aven- 
 
 TURE. 
 
 Wild Aventouris, Wyld Aventuris, s. 
 Free ventures, foreign ventures ; the name 
 given to foreign vessels that brought goods 
 into port on venture. 
 
 " . . . gif it sail happin the toun to hald the 
 commoun mylnis . . . and the unld aventouris into 
 thair awin handis this yeir intocum," etc. Burgh 
 Recs. Edin., 16 Oct. 1515. 
 
 '* . . . the comptar chargis him with the dewte 
 of the icyld aventuris set to him the yeir of his office 
 for the sowme of sevin hundreth merks." Treas. Accts., 
 Burgh Recs. Edin., 1553-4. 
 
 AVERAGE, AvERisH, s. V. under Avery. 
 
 AVERTY, adj. Prudent, cautious, well 
 advised. Barbour, viii. 162, Camb. MS. 
 
 V. AWERTY. 
 
 AVERY, s. The supply of provisions for the 
 horses. V. Averie. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson rendered this word "live stock, as 
 including horses, &c.," and in doing so followed too 
 closely Du Gauge's meaning of M. Lat. averia, from 
 which this word is derived. Whatever that term may 
 have originally included, its Scot, derivative avery, 
 averie, was used iu the sense given above ; it related 
 to — not the horses, but provender for the horses ; and 
 the chief of the department was the avenar, or Master 
 of the Avery. V. Accts. Lord H. Treas. Scot., i. 231, 
 Dickson, 
 
 In various districts of S. the term average, corr. into 
 averish and avery, is applied to the stubble and grass 
 left in corn fields after harvest, because it generally is 
 the portion of the avers or horses. Average and averish 
 are common in the North of E. also : v, Brockett'a 
 Gloss. 
 
AVI 
 
 [25] 
 
 AWN 
 
 AVISE. On avise, tell of, consider. 
 
 And othir mo that I can noght on avise. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 97, Skeat. 
 
 AVISE\ adj. Prudent, considerate. V. 
 AwiSE. 
 
 A WA, prep, as adj. Reduced, failed, broken in 
 
 health, wealth, or position ; as, " He's awa 
 
 to skin an' bane," i.e., reduced to a skeleton. 
 
 He's clean aioa wi't noo; naebody trusts him, 
 
 i.e., he is completely broken in credit, &c. 
 
 In the phrase, awa' V the head, deranged, beside 
 one's self, as given by Dr. Jamieson, awa' implies an 
 extension of the idea expressed above. 
 
 AWA, interj. Implying contradiction, ridi- 
 cule, banter, coaxing, &c.; as, "Hoot, awa 
 man ! ye're clean wrang." As in the case 
 of ava, the meaning is intensified by repeti- 
 tion, S. 
 
 Awa-Gain, Awa-Gaun, s. Departure, leave- 
 taking, death. V. Wa-Gain. 
 
 To A WAIL YE, Awaile, v.n. To avail, to 
 be of use, Barbour. V. A.WAILL. 
 
 To AWAL, V. a. To lower, let down, descend. 
 
 V. Availl. 
 
 Thai that with-in the castell wer 
 Had armyt thaim and maid thaim boun ; 
 And sone thair brig awallt doun, 
 And ischit in-till gret plente. 
 
 Barbour, xv. 134, Edin. MS. 
 Fr. avaler, to lower. 
 
 AWALK, AwAUK, V. n. To awake. Lynd- 
 say, Thrie Estaitis, 7, 273. 
 
 s. Value, equivalent. 
 
 AWA LL, AwAiLL, 
 
 V. AWAIL. 
 
 " . . . sax potionis of wyne, or the awall of 
 of the sarayn," etc. Burgh Recs. Aberd., 16 Apr., 
 1526. 
 
 AWANSEMENT, s. Advancement, pro- 
 motion ; Fr. avancer. 
 
 He tretyt thaim so wisly ay, 
 And with sa mekill luff alsua. 
 And sic aioansement wald ma 
 Oif thair deid, that the mast cowart 
 He maid stoutar then a libart. 
 
 Barbour, xv. 522, Edin. MS. 
 
 AWANT, AwAUNT, AuANT, V. and s. Vaunt, 
 laud, praise. Addit. to Awant. 
 
 Fr. vai\ter, id. : the prefix being simply intens. The 
 terms are used by Rolland, after Chaucer. 
 
 AWAR, s. Owner, Burgh Recs. Abejrd., 27 
 Feb. 1507. V. Awner. 
 
 To AWARD, V. a. To ward off, to protect 
 or defend from attack or violence, to guard 
 against. 
 
 "But to award the malignance of any gain-said affec- 
 tion, I stronghold myself under your Marqueships 
 Mecenatisme." Dedication, Blame of Kirkburiall. 
 
 This term is from the Teut. root War, to protect, 
 (Sup.) D 
 
 defend; A.-S. luarian, wcerian, gewcerian. V. Skeat's 
 Etym. Diet, under Aware and Wary. 
 
 To AWARE, V. a. To guard, protect, or 
 defend against ; also, to avoid, shun, pre- 
 vent, save from. V. Awaed. 
 
 ' ' Against the poyson of this Papistry, there are two 
 preseruatiue considerations that may aware it." Blame 
 of Kirkburiall, ch. xii. 
 
 ' ' But to aware that sore sin of profanation, there 
 are," etc. Ibid., ch. xviii. 
 
 A. -S. gewcerian, to protect ; from ivcer, gewcer, aware, 
 cautious. V. Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 AWAYWARD, Awaywart, adv. In flight, 
 in retreat, retreating. 
 
 The Erll with the schirreff met he 
 Awayward with thar gret menye, 
 
 Barbour, xvi. 584. Camb. MS. 
 Edin. MS. has away wart. 
 
 AWOHT, pret. Owed, ought to do, Bar- 
 bour, i. 255 ; deserved, Ibid., iii. 59. V. 
 
 AUCHT. 
 
 AWENAND, adj. Comely, suitable, advan- 
 tageous, Barbour, iii. 41. V. Avenand. 
 
 AWER, s. A cart-horse, draught-horse; 
 Alex. Scott, Bann. MS.-, p. 843, 1. 110. 
 V. Aver. 
 
 To AWISE, AwYSE, V. a. To advise, coun- 
 sel, instruct, assure ; put for avise^ Fr. 
 aviser, Mod. E. advise. 
 
 As he avnsyt, now have thai done. 
 
 Barbour, ii. 29 . 
 Ic ask yew respyt for to se 
 This lettir, and thairwith awysit be 
 Till to-morn, that ye be set. 
 
 Barbour, i. 620. 
 
 Awis, AwYS, Ewis, s. Advice, counsel, 
 instruction, direction. Fr. avis. 
 
 "The baillles be awis of the counsall," etc. Burgh 
 Rec. Peebles, 4 Oct. 1568. 
 
 "In the fyrst, feyt be the awys of the Thesaurar, 
 the Compterollar and Master Alexander Inglys in 
 Leythe," etc. Accts. Lord H. Treas. Scot., I. 245, 
 Dickson. 
 
 " . . . by ewis and consent of the haill craft," 
 etc. Burgh Recs. Peebles, 30 Sept. 1566. 
 
 AwiSEMENT, s. Consideration, time for con- 
 sidering. Barbour, ii. 297. V. Aioise. 
 
 AWMENER, s. A purse, a bag for alms. 
 
 And quhen he ded wes, as yhe her. 
 Thai fand in till his atvmener 
 
 A letter 
 
 Barbour, viii. 490, Camb. MS. 
 
 Edin. MS. has coffer. 
 
 0. Fr. aumosniere, Fr. aumdiildre, a bag for alms. 
 
 AWN, AwNE, adj. Own. Barbour, vi. 
 636, Camb. MS. V. Awm. 
 
 AWNTYR, s. Adventure, hap, risk. Bar- 
 bour, xix. 761, Edin. MS. 
 
 Aioentur is the most common form of this word iu 
 our earlier prose. Cf. Awntyrs of Arthur. 
 
AWR 
 
 [26] 
 
 AZE 
 
 AWRIGE, s. The tips of the little ridges 
 laid by the plough are called the aiorige of 
 the field ; when the grain is sown the awrige 
 is harrowed over to cover the seed, West 
 and South of S, 
 
 The atorige " is the angular points, as it were, above 
 the level of a ploughed ridge." Gall. Encycl. 
 
 This is prob. the E. arris, O. Fr. areste, Mod. Fr. 
 aritc : cf . the arSte of a glacier. 
 
 AWSE, s. Err. for avise, advice. Burgh 
 Recs. Aberd., 2 June, 1539. 
 
 AWTEAL, Atteal, s. A small teal, not 
 
 much larger than a snipe. 
 
 In the South of S. this bird is called the Awteal; 
 in Orkney and Shetland, the Ateal or Atteal. Dr. 
 Edmonstone calls it Anas Ferina, Pochard, Great- 
 headed Wigeon, or Ateal; and Mr. Low, after de- 
 scribing the teal, says: — "I have seen another bird 
 of the teal-kind here called Atteal. It is found in our 
 lochs in great numbers in winter ; is very small, brown 
 or dusky above, and a yellowish belly, " etc. Fauna 
 Orcadensis, p. 145. V. Atteille. 
 
 To AWYIT, V. a. and n. To await, to wait 
 upon ; to superintend, to manage. Burgh 
 Recs. Aberd., vol. ii. pp. 33, 48, Sp. C. 
 
 In pp. 115, 120 of same vol. the same verb occurs 
 under the form avayting, awaiting, waiting on. These 
 are purely local forms. 
 
 AWYN, AwNE, adj. Own. V. Awin. 
 
 AWYNAR, AwANAR, Awar, s. Owner. 
 Burgh Recs. Aberd., 27 Feb. 1507. V. 
 
 AWNER. 
 These three forms occur in the same record. 
 
 AWYR DE PAIS, Awyr de Pahs, adj. or s. 
 
 Avoirdupois, a weight of which the pound 
 
 equals 16 oz. Fr. avoir de pois, goods of 
 
 weight. 
 
 " . . and of al maner of thingis of avnfr de paiis, 
 of ilk c. pund at the outgang twa peniis, " etc. Assize 
 of Petty Customs, ch. 7. Burgh Rec. Edin,, I. 241. 
 
 To AWYSE, V. a. To advise, assure ; part, 
 pt. awysitf well advised. V. Awise. 
 
 AwYS, s. Advice. Fr. avis. V. Awis. 
 
 AwYSiLY, adv. Advisedly, warily. V. 
 
 AWISELY. 
 
 AWYSS. Errat. for a wyss, a wav, a wise^ 
 Barbour, iii. 526, x. 542, Edin. MS. 
 
 AXIS, s. An attack, a sudden fit or seizure^ 
 
 as of pain or sickness, Kingis Quair, st. 67 ; 
 
 pi. ajces, pains, aches, qualms, Orkn. 
 
 Both the definition and the etymology of this term 
 as given by Dr. Jamieson are wrong. It is merely the 
 O. Fr. accez, as in the phrase, '* accez de fiehvre, a fit 
 of an ague," Cotgr. V. Gloss. Kingis Quair, Skeat'a 
 Ed. 
 
 AY, adv. Ay quhill, always till, on till, until. 
 
 "Item, for the costis maide in Edinburgh vpon 
 xxxvj of [Lutkyn's] folkis that wes takin in Leytht ay^ 
 quhill thai wer justyfiit, xxxvj lib. " Accts. Lord H. 
 Treas. Scot., i. 118, Dickson. 
 
 This Deyf Lutkyn was the noted Danish pirate 
 Lutkyn Mere, who for years infested the North Sea 
 and plundered many a Scottish vessel. He and a num- 
 ber of his men were at length captured and brought to 
 Leith ; and, as the above entry records, 36 of them 
 were afterwards justufiit, i.e., executed. V. Introduc- 
 tion to the L. H. Treas. Accts. 
 
 AYFALDLY, adv. Lit. one-fold-ly ; hence, 
 with one end, aim, or desire ; with one 
 consent, earnestly, unanimously. Burgh 
 Recs. Aberd., 28 Jan. 1494. V. Afald. 
 
 To AYME AT, v. a. To cover, include, em- 
 brace, have to do with. Still in use in 
 West of S. 
 
 " For although the ten words of Moses tables seeme 
 onely to ayme at the ten broad sinnes, that negatively 
 they inhibite, yet there are none of their infinite 
 broode and of-spring, that may not be particularly 
 repledged to his mother kinde, and so iucurre the 
 reuerence of some one of the Decalogue lawes." Blame 
 of Kirkburiall, ch. v. 
 
 This peculiar use of the phrase to aim ai is suggested 
 by the idea of covering the object with the weapon 
 aimed at it ; but even that starting-point is far apart 
 from the earliest meanings of the vb. to aim. Its 
 first form is Lat. cestimare, to estimate, which in O. 
 Fr. became shortened to cesmer and esmer ; and the 
 latter form began to be used in the sense of "to aime 
 or levell at, " Cotgr. From this form our modem aim 
 was derived. In Prompt. Parv., p. 190, Gessyn or 
 amyn are given as Eng. for Lat. estimo, arbitror, opinor. 
 
 AYTH, Aythe, s. An oath. V. Aith, 
 Athe. 
 
 AZE, 5. A large blazing fire, Shetl. V. 
 
 Aisle. 
 
 Icel. usli, a conflagration; Vigfusson, A.-S. j/sel, a 
 fire spark, hot ember. 
 
BA 
 
 [27] 
 
 BAG 
 
 B. 
 
 BA', Baw, s. a ball, S. 
 
 They yowff d the ba' frae dyke to dyke 
 
 Wi' unco speed and virr ; 
 Some baith their shou'ders up did fyke, 
 For blytheness some did flirr 
 Their teeth that day. 
 
 Skinner, Christmas Ba'ing, a. 2. 
 
 Yowff'd, struck, drove. V. Youf. 
 
 Fr. halky It. balla, Low. Ger. bal, Icel. hollr. 
 
 Ba' Men, Bawmen, s. pi. Ball-players ; but 
 generally applied to football-players ; Skin- 
 ner's Christmas Ba'ing, st. 34. 
 
 Ba' Siller, Ba' Money, Bowl-Money, 
 Bow-Money, s. Originally the money 
 claimed from a marriage-party for the pur- 
 chase of a football for the community ; and 
 in some districts, for bowls : now, it is 
 simply a largess called for by, and some- 
 times given to, the crowd of young people 
 gathered at the place where the marriage is 
 to be celebrated. 
 
 Wherever' a marriage is about to be celebrated (in 
 Scot, it is usually in the home of the bride), a crowd of 
 young people very quickly gathers, and the cry for Ba^ 
 Money is raised almost with enthusiasm. Aa party 
 after party arrives, the shout is revived ; and when 
 the company is supposed to be gathered, the cry is kept 
 up with deafening din till the demand is gratified, or 
 till it becomes evident that nothing is to be given. 
 When it is given, the largess is usually in the form of 
 coppers — farthings, halfpence, and pennies — and is 
 thrown among or beyond the crowd in handfuls, or all 
 at once from a hat. The scramble which follows is 
 eager and ludicrous in the extreme, and the result, 
 even to those who are most successful, is often as pain- 
 ful as it is profitable. Whatever each one gets is kept 
 or spent at pleasure. 
 
 In some districts of Ayrshire this largess is called 
 Ba' Siller ; in Lanarks. and Eenfrews., Bowl Money, 
 Boio Money. 
 
 The following passage from Brockett's Gloss, shows 
 that the custom is well known in the North of England : 
 
 "Ball-Money, money demanded of a marriage com- 
 pany, and given to prevent being maltreated. In the 
 North it is customary for a party to attend at the 
 church gates, after a wedding, to enforce this claim. 
 The gift has received this denomination, as being ori- 
 ginally designed for the purchase of a football. " P. 23. 
 Ed. 1846. 
 
 Oowf-Ba', s. An old name for the game of 
 shinty, and also for the ball used in the game ; 
 Wat. Watson's Poems, West of S. 
 
 The term is now almost confined to the ball used in 
 the game of golf. 
 
 BAA. A word used in lulling a babe to rest ; 
 as in the old song Rocking the Cradle^ 
 *' Hushie haa babie lye still." 
 
 BAA, s. The calf of the leg ; the sole of the 
 foot ; the palm of the hand. S. V. Baw. 
 
 Though thus generally applied, the haa of the foot 
 is properly the rounded portion of the sole lying at the 
 base of the great toe ; and the baa of the hand, the 
 rounded portion of the palm lying at the base of the 
 thumb. 
 
 BABBS, Bebbs, s. Particles of loose skin 
 
 that rise on the face when the beard has 
 
 not been shaved for two or three days, West 
 
 and South of S. 
 
 * ' Babbs ; that vile luce or slimy matter a razor 
 scrapes off the face in shaving, " Gall. Encycl. 
 
 BABITY BOWSTER. The name of an 
 old song, tune, and dance : a corr. of Bab 
 at the Bowster: Bah being the common 
 pron. of hohf to bow or curtsey, to dance : 
 West of S. 
 
 In "Songs of Scotland prior to Burns" Dr. R. 
 Chambers gives the following form of the song as sung 
 by girls playing on the streets of Glasgow : 
 Wha learned you to dance, 
 
 Babity Bowster, Babity Bowster, 
 Wha learned you to dance 
 Babity Bowster brawly ? 
 My minny learned me to dance, 
 
 Babity Bowster, Babity Bowster, 
 My minny learned me to dance, 
 
 Babity Bowster brawly. 
 Wha ga'e you the keys to keep, 
 
 Babity Bowster, Babity Bowster, 
 Wha ga'e you the keys to keep, 
 
 Babity Bowster brawly ? 
 My minny ga'e me the keys to keep, 
 Babity Bowster, Babity Bowster, 
 My minny ga'e me the keys to keep, 
 Babity Bowster brawly. 
 This song is still sung by young girls at play in the 
 West of Scotland ; but there is also an older form, 
 which is often lilted while the dance proceeds. It is 
 the same vrith. Bumphin Brawly, q.v., simply substi- 
 tuting Babity Bowster for that name. 
 
 Merry meetings of young people are generally wound 
 up by singing and acting Babity Bowster ; and balls 
 are closed with the dance of that name. 
 
 To BACHLE, Bauchle, v. a. To carry 
 about for sale, to hawk goods in town or 
 country ; part. pt. and pret. bachlit, bachkit, 
 bauchlit. V. Bachleit. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson left this term unexplained, but gave 
 the correct etymology of it. Both forms occur in the 
 Burgh Records of Edinburgh, I. 29, 48. The extract 
 quoted under Bachleit afibrds a good example of the 
 use of the verb. 
 
 Bachler, Bauchlar, s. a hawker, a 
 pedler. 
 
 " . . . mak the said persone or personis to be 
 pvnyst as efferis ; and richt swa of the bauchlaria of 
 
BAG 
 
 [28] 
 
 BAI 
 
 the said labour, " &c. Skifiner's Seal of Cause, Burgh 
 Recs. Edinburgh, i. 29. 
 
 BACHLES, s. pi. Old shoes ; also the 
 lumps of snow which collect on the shoes 
 in walking over fresh snow ; West and 
 South of S. V. Bauchles. 
 
 Infected, diseased, un- 
 
 BACHYT, part. adj. 
 clean. V. Bauch. 
 
 "The inquest fyndis Alex. Symsoun bachyt, and 
 ordains hym to hald hym wythine hymself quhil the 
 next court." Burgh Rec. Prestwick, 7th July, 1541, 
 
 BACK, Bak, Bakke, s. The name given to 
 the ridge or central strip of a hide, skin, or 
 fur. 
 
 "Foynes baches the dozen, iiij li." Haly burton's 
 Ledger, p. 306. 
 
 Foyne or Fouine, the foumart or beech-marten : O.Fr. 
 /aine, a beech tree. 
 
 For convenience in working, and to suit the purposes 
 for which the several parts were adapted, hides, skins, 
 and furs were often cut up into distinct parts : especi- 
 ally when they were large. Tanned hides and skins 
 were divided into backs and bellies. Furs were divided 
 into backs, bellies or wombs, gills, legs, and tails. V. 
 Halyburton's Ledger, pp. 305-7. 
 
 BACKBAN, Back:bin, s. A backhand ; an- 
 other name for the hackwiddie or rigvnddie ; 
 the chain or band that crosses the back of 
 a horse when yoked in a cart, S. 
 
 BACK-CREELS, s. pi. Wicker baskets 
 formed to fit the human back ; the contr. 
 form creels is also common. 
 
 Before wheel-barrows came into common use, hack- 
 creels were used in cleaning out byres, stables, etc. ; 
 and in such creels manure, etc., were carried to the 
 fields. Their use is not yet unknown in some parts 
 of the Northern Hebrides and of Orkney and Shetland. 
 
 In the Lowlands hack-creels are now used chiefly by 
 fish-wives for carrying their fish to market. 
 
 BACKIEBIRD, Bauckie-bird, s. The 
 bat, West and South of S. V. Bak, 
 Baukie. 
 
 When lyart leaves bestrew the yird, 
 Or wavering like the bauckie bird, 
 Bedim cauld Boreas' blast. 
 
 Bums, The.Jolly Beggars, s. 1. 
 
 M. E. hakke, a bat; cf. Dan. aftenhakke, i.e., even- 
 ing bat. 
 
 BACK OUT OWRE, Back-out-our, adv. 
 1. Backwards, backover; as, "He fell clean 
 ^ back-out-owre.''^ 
 
 2. Back to a place, and implying return ; as, 
 " I'll rin bach-out-otore and get your bag." 
 
 3. Back from, away from ; as, ** Come back- 
 out-owre the fire this minit ! " Come back 
 from the fire immediately. 
 
 BACK-TREAT, s. An entertainment given 
 to a newly married couple by their young 
 friends after the honeymoon, Orkn. 
 
 BAES, s. pL Cattle, beasts, Shetl. V. Beas. 
 
 To BAFF, V. a. A term used in golfing ; to 
 strike the ground with the sole of the club- 
 head in playing ; and such a stroke is called 
 a baff. Addit. to Baft, v. and s. 
 
 BAG, s. Bag irnis, Bag hirnys, the metal 
 mountings of a bag : irnis or irons includ- 
 ing both framework and fittings. 
 
 ** Item, to Gilbert Fisch for j pare of hcuj hirnya to 
 the King, price xxxv s." Accts. L. H. Treas. Scot.^ 
 I. 28. 
 
 " Item, to thre men that fand the hag irnis of gold j 
 to ilk ane xl s," &c. Ibid, I. 270, Dickson. 
 
 In the ActaDom. Concilii, p. 131, in a list of " gudes 
 of areschip" we find the phrase, "a bag with siluer 
 irnis." 
 
 Baggie, adj. and s. Big bellied : same with 
 Baggit ; but often used as a «., meaning a 
 person with a big belly ; Ayrs., Gall. 
 
 BAIBERREIS, s. pi. Bayberries ; fruit of 
 Laurus nobilis, from which Oil of Bays is 
 extracted; Halyburton's Ledger, p. 288. 
 
 To BAIBLE, V. a. To sip often, tipple; 
 
 also, to drink carelessly or with spilling ; 
 
 West of S. Similar to E. bibble. 
 Baibling, Baiblin, part. adj. Tippling; 
 
 boozing. 
 
 BAID, pret. Abode, remained, waited. 
 Henryson, Testament of Cresseid, 1. 490, 
 Fox and Wolf, 1. 177. V. Bide. 
 
 Baid, s. Delay, tarrying; also, place of 
 abode, dwelling; Henryson, Dog, Scheip, 
 and Wolf, 1. 145. V. Bade. 
 
 BAIGNET, Baiginet, Begnet, s. A bay- 
 onet. 
 
 In lines extended lang and large, 
 When baiginets o'erpower'd the targe. 
 And thousands hastened to the charge. 
 
 Bums, Sherra Moor, s. 3. 
 Thig weapon is said to have been invented at Bayonne 
 in France (whence the name) about 1670. It was 
 adopted by the British in 1693. V. Haydn's Diet. 
 Dates. 
 
 The invention at Bayonne may be quite correct, and 
 the date given may indicate when the weapon was 
 first fitted to a gun ; but the term hayonnettk, was in 
 use long before that, meaning ' ' a kinde of small flat 
 pocket dagger, furnished with knives ; or a great knife 
 to hang at the girdle like a dagger." Cotgrave's Diet., 
 1611. V. Suppl. to Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 BAIK, s. A biscuit. Loth., West of S. ; 
 fiour-baiksj Burgh Rec. Edinburgh, i. 215. 
 V. Bake. 
 
 There were and still are various kinds of haiks, 
 named from their shape, colour, kind of flour of which 
 they were made, &c. 
 
 BAILLIE DAYS, s. pi. Days during which 
 farmers were bound to labour for their 
 lairds : so called in the South of S. 
 
BAI 
 
 [29] 
 
 BAK 
 
 This form of service is now almost unknown in the 
 Lowlands, but is still common in many districts of the 
 Highlands and Islands. 
 
 " Baillie days were mentioned in tacks : so many 
 days of baillie harrowing, so many of baillie peating, and 
 so on. They were very troublesome days to farmers, 
 and those baillie works brought kempin to great perfec- 
 tion ; for, when the labourers of many farmers met, 
 they behaved little better with each other than when 
 strange herds of oxen meet, goring and frothing about 
 who should have the mastery." Gall. Encycl. 
 
 Baillie days were days devoted to the Bailiff ov Stew- 
 ard, — that is for work under his order and supervision. 
 
 BAIN, Bane, adj. Prompt, ready, willing ; 
 hence, obedient, ready to start, prepared, 
 ready or eager for the call, &c. V. Bayne. 
 
 The explanation of this term as given under bayne, 
 is defective. The idea of ready, willing, hearty, or 
 eager service, which it always implies, is not set forth. 
 See the passages quoted. In Mid. Eng. it meant 
 obedient, submissive, etc. 
 
 Thou wast ever to me fulle bayn. 
 
 Town My St., p. 39, 
 To his byddinge I wilbe bayne. 
 
 Chest. My St., p. 69, 
 
 BAIRD, s. A noisy, turbulent person ; 
 generally applied to a scold. V. Bard. 
 
 To BAIRGE, Barge (with g like ;), v. n. 
 To speak in a loud and angry manner ; 
 to scold, rail, or taunt loudly ; also, to drive 
 about like one in anger; as, *' She jist likes 
 to gae bairgin about ; " West and North of 
 S. V. Berge. 
 
 BAIRTUITHE, s. A boar's tusk. V. Bair. 
 
 Between 1538 and 1542 a considerable quantity of 
 native gold was used in Scotland. "Large amounts 
 were used for the coinage of the gold bonnet pieces, 
 and for sundry other purposes, sueh as making a 'bair- 
 tuithe ' (mounting a boar's tusk to be used as a coral) 
 for the Prince, a shrine for ' ane bane of St. Audrian of 
 May," etc. Early Records of Mining in Scotland, In- 
 tro., p. 15, Cochran-Patrick. 
 
 BAISING, Bassing, s. and adj. Basin. V. 
 Basing. 
 
 Ft. bassin, O.Fr. bacin and bachin. 
 
 Baising-Siluir, Bassin-Siluir, s. A gra- 
 tuity given to certain servants of the king's 
 household, especially to the yeomen of the 
 wine and ale cellars, and the porters. V. 
 Basing. 
 
 ' ' Item, to Robert Douglas of the wyne cellar, to his 
 basing siluir at Newyeremes, x li." 
 
 " Item, to Sande Balfour of the aile seUar, to his 
 basing siluir, v li." 
 
 "Item, to the portaris, elikwis, to thare baising 
 siluir, X li." Accts. L. H. Treas. Scot., a.d. 1495, i. 
 268. 
 
 BAIST, Baiste, part. pt. Abashed, con- 
 fused, cowed, afraid. V. Baised. 
 
 Bees noghte baiste of yone boyss, ne of thaire bryghte wedis. 
 
 Morte Arthure, 1. 2857. 
 
 To BAIST, Baste, Bast, v. a. To beat, 
 drub, drive off ; hence, to defeat, overcome ; 
 
 and in the pass, voice, to be awed, cowed, 
 terrified. V. Baist. 
 
 The secondary meaning only is given in the DiCT. 
 The term is still used in its primary sense both in Scot, 
 and North of Eng. 
 
 " Baist, baste, to beat severely ; " Brockett. 
 
 BAIT, s. The supply of food for a horse, a 
 feed ; also, the time or place for feeding ; 
 Henryson, Wolf, Fox, and Cadgear, 1. 108. 
 V. Bayt, v. For halt, boot, V. Bat. 
 
 BAITH-FATE, Bath-Fat, s. Bathing vat 
 or tub. 
 
 " , , viij eln of brade clatht , . . to covire a 
 baith-fate to the Quene," &c. Accts. L. H. Treas. 
 Scot., I. 30. 
 
 " . . iij elne of brade clath for a scbete to put 
 about the Quene in the bath-fat," &c. Ibid. 6th Oct., 
 1473, Dickson. 
 
 A.-S. bathian, to bathe j baeth, a bath, and Jcet, a 
 vat, Du. vat. 
 
 To BAIVER, V. n. To gad about, make 
 much ado about little things ; to run after 
 shows, weddings, displays of finery, &c. : 
 mostly used in the part, form haiverin, West 
 of S. 
 
 Baivering, Baiverin, part. adj. Gadding 
 about; taking interest in trifles, displays, 
 finery, &c.; as, " She's grown a daidlin, 
 baiverin gawkie." 
 
 BAJAN, Baijan, s. A novice, a beginner 
 in any trade, art or science : a form of Bejan, 
 q. V. 
 
 To Bajan, Baijan, v. a. To initiate a begin- 
 ner or apprentice. V. Bejan, v. 
 
 BAK, s. The back ; gaf the bah, turned their 
 backs, fled ; ta the bak, to flee, take to flight. 
 Both phrases are common in Barbour. 
 
 To BAK, V. a. To bake. V. Bake. 
 
 " The thrid, at thai bak nocht ilk kynd of bred as 
 the law of burgh requeris," &c.; Chalmerlan Air, ch. 9. 
 
 Bakbred, Bakbreid, Bakbrod, s. A bake- 
 board, a kneading board, W^est of S. V. 
 Baikbred. 
 
 Bakstule, Bakstwle, s. a bake-stool ; a 
 large stool or small table on which cakes or 
 bannocks were kneaded and formed; Burgh 
 Recs. Prestwick, p. 23. 
 
 BAKHUDE, s. Hiding or skulking behind 
 backs. In certain games favoured by young 
 people the hunted or pursued one tries to 
 elude the pursuer by hiding behind his 
 companions, and dodging from one to an- 
 other : this is called backhide or backhude. 
 
 And for dreddour that be suld bene arreist, 
 He playit hakhude behind fra beist to beist. 
 
 Henryson, Parliament of Beistis, 1. 175. 
 
BAL 
 
 [30] 
 
 BAL 
 
 BALANDISj s. pi. Balances. The same 
 form is used for the singular also. 
 
 ' ' That thai present that tym al thar mesurls, balan- 
 dis, wechtis, elnwandis, aad all other instrumentis of 
 whatsumever kynd," &c.; Chalmerlan Air, ch. 1. 
 
 Prob. a corr. of Lat, hilanx, consisting of two dishes. 
 
 BALDIE, BALDY, s. A familiar form of 
 Archibald, West of S. V. Ba.uldie. 
 
 BALDKYN, Baltken, s. A baldachin, or 
 canopy of state borne over a king or high 
 state-official ; also, the rich cloths of which 
 it is formed : baltkmis mortuaris, mortuary 
 baldachins, or, the rich funereal drapery 
 for catafalques before the altar. Inven- 
 tory St. Salv. Ool. St. Andrews, Mait. Club 
 Misc., iii. 199. 
 
 0. Fr. baldachin, baldaquin, baudequin, a canopy or 
 cloth of estate, Cotgr. 
 
 BALDSTROD, Balestrod, s. A bawd, 
 unclean person ; Colkelbie Sow, 1. 166, 
 Bann. MS. 
 
 Not defined in Dict. ; but in the note which is added 
 the meaning suggested is correct, and the etymology 
 nearly so. V. Cleasby and Vigfusson's Icel. Dict. 
 under ballz, bold, and sertha, sarth, from which comes 
 stretha (used of dogs and beasts), and stred, to which 
 Dr. Jamieson refers. 
 
 The term occurs in Wright's Vocabularies as bawd- 
 strot, baioistrott, and baustrott, and is applied to both 
 sexes, pp, 605, 693, 695. 
 
 BALE, Baill, s. Sorrow, misery, evil, dis- 
 aster, destruction, Gol. and Gaw, 1. 719. 
 
 A.-S. bealu, sorrow. 
 
 BALE-FEIR, Balofeir, s. Lit. a bail- 
 companion ; fellow-surety ; associate in bail, 
 bond, or bargain. 
 
 " . . and to furneis ane vther bigger als sufficient 
 as himself ... . and for payment to the said John 
 Ottirburne and his balofeir, with their servand," &c. 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, i. 240. 
 
 Printed balofeir in Recs. Soc, issue ; but probably it 
 should be balefeir. However, the original record is 
 very much decayed, and most difficult to decipher. 
 
 O.Fr. bailler, to keep in custody, used as a law term, 
 and A.-S. gefera, from pt. tense olfaran, to go. 
 
 BALINGARE, s. A kind of vessel. V. 
 Ballingar. 
 
 "Of ilk crayer, bushe, barge, and balingare, v, s." 
 Custom of Ships and Boats at Leith in 1445 ; Burgh 
 Rec. Edinburgh, p. 8. 
 
 BALK, s. A beam, rafter ; a pole or perch 
 for fowls, a spar for a cage-bird. V. Bauk. 
 
 Balk sp ARRIS, s. pi. The tie-beams of a 
 roof that unite the rafters. Accts. L. H. 
 Treas. Scot., i. 331. 
 
 BALK, s. A ridge or strip of land left 
 unploughed ; Henryson, The Twa Mice, 
 
 1. 24. V. Bauk. 
 
 Balk-Bred, Balk-Braid, s. The breadth 
 of a balk or ridge of unploughed land. 
 
 BALTKEN, s. V. Baldkyn. 
 
 To BAMF, V. n. To stump, dump, toss, or 
 
 tumble about; part, bamfin; part. pt. bamfd. 
 
 " He wont to be bamfin aff the heads wi' collier 
 briggs whiles, and they under close-reefed tap-sails. 
 Seldom ever was he out any long voyage with his boat, 
 but the water bruik on him or he got back ; " &c. 
 Gall. Encycl. 
 
 Bamf, s. a person with broad, flat, clumsy 
 feet : one who goes about stumping and 
 tossing his feet about. 
 
 BANOKE, s. V. Banh 
 
 BAND, pret. Bound. Accts. L. H. Treas. 
 Scot. 
 
 Band, s. That part of a hinge which was 
 
 fastened on the door. 
 
 Jamieson made it a lunge. The old-fashioned hinge 
 consisted of a hook, affixed to the door-post, and a 
 band (with a loop at the end to fit the hook) fastened 
 to the door. Hence hinges are described as " hooks 
 and bauds." 
 
 Bandelbris, Bandbleiris, s. pi. Bando- 
 leers ; leathern belts worn by ancient mus- 
 keteers for sustaining their musket and 
 carrying charges of powder ; sometimes the 
 belt was called a bandoleer , and the small 
 leathern cases for powder attached to it, 
 bandoleers. V. Cotgrave's Fr. Dict. 
 
 "Item, fyve muskettes with thair bandeleris all 
 worth XXX. li." Commissary Records of Glasgow, 
 quoted in Burgh Rec. Prestwick, p. 145. 
 
 This term occurs also in the Burgh Records of 
 Peebles, 6 July, 1648, as bandeleans. 
 
 Bandit, part. adj. Bound with metal bands. 
 
 ". . . fundin in a bandit kist like a garde viant," 
 &c. Accts. L. H. Treas. Scot., I. 82. 
 
 Bandit Stafe, s. An official baton ; so 
 called because bound with bands of metal. 
 Often mentioned in Burgh Recs. 
 
 Band Leddbr, s. Leather for binding or 
 
 edging. 
 
 " Item, for band ledder to the Quenis furringis of hir 
 gownis, vs." [Apr. 1474.] Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 36. 
 
 BANDKYN, s. Errat. in Dict. for Baud- 
 kyn ; but definition is correct. V. Baldkyn. 
 
 BANDON, Bandoun, s. Subjection, thral- 
 dom, bondage. 
 
 Qulien that scho lukit to the serk, 
 
 Scho thoct on the persoun : 
 And prayit for him with all hir harte, 
 
 That lowsit hir of bandoun. 
 
 Henryson, Bludy Serk, 1. 84. 
 
 Bandonit, part. pr. Subdued ; kept in sub- 
 jection, kept aloof. 
 
BAN 
 
 [31] 
 
 BAR 
 
 The shepherd, mourning over his faithful dog now 
 dead, is represented as saying : — 
 
 For all the beistis befoir handonit bene. 
 
 Will schute upon my beistis with ire and tene. 
 
 Henry son. Wolf and Wedder, 1. 20. 
 
 This term is wrongly rendered " abandoned " in Dr. 
 Laing's edit, of Henryson. 
 
 O. Fr. bandon, from Low Lat. bandum, an order, 
 decree ; also written bannum. Hence Fr. a. bandon, 
 by license, at liberty. V. Bracket, Etyra. Fr. Diet., 
 and Skeat, Etym. Diet., under Abandon. 
 
 BANERECH, s. Money payable on account 
 of band, i.e., bond or covenant ; the person 
 engaging to pay was called a bander, q.v. 
 
 " . . . for wrangus wytbhaldin fra hym of viij. 
 s. of banerech or thairby," &c. Burgh Rec. Prestwick, 
 6 Oct., 1544. 
 
 Gael. ba}i7i, a bond, bill, and riadh, interest. 
 
 BANESTIKILL, s. A fish; the three- 
 spined stickle-back ; Henryson, Wolf, Fox, 
 and Cadgear, 1. 52. V. Bane-peickle; 
 Banstickle. 
 
 BANIS, Benis, Bents, Beins, s. A fur; 
 perhaps vair, a fine ermine. 
 
 * ' Item, coft fra Will. Sinclare, v m antill of hanis to 
 lyne a syde gowne to the King, . . . vj Octobris 
 [1493], price of the mantill xiiij s.," &c,; Accts. L. H. 
 Treas. Scot., i. 15. 
 
 " Mantillis of banis " is rendered " a kind of mantle," 
 in the Dict. This is a wild guess. The mantil was a 
 certain number of skins of fur. V. Mantil in Supp. 
 Banis is supposed to have been the vair, or fine ermine. 
 
 BANK, Banke, Banck, Bancke, s. An 
 
 order, injunction, prohibition, proclamation, 
 call, summons. 
 
 The meaning of this term as given by Dr. Jamieson 
 is quite misleading, and the etymology is altogether 
 wrong. V, Bancke. 
 
 In the Burgh Recs. of Glasgow, vol. II. , the follow- 
 ing entry frequently occurs : — " Ordaines ane bank to 
 be sent throw the toune be touck of drum," &c. This 
 was the usual method of publishing the orders of the 
 magistrates, of calling the burgesses to conference, and 
 of notifying the arrival of supplies of food, &c. 
 
 Bank is a corr. of 0. Fr. ba7i, from Low Lat. bannum, 
 a proclamation : whence also E. ban, pi. banns ef mar- 
 riage, 
 
 BANKIT, s. A banquet, feast, festival, 
 public rejoicing. Fr. banquet, id. 
 
 This term occurs frequently in the Burgh Records, and 
 is generally applied to the entertainment and ceremo- 
 nies on an occasion of public rejoicing, such as a coro- 
 nation, royal marriage. King's birthday, &c. A good 
 idea of a bankit in olden times, and of how much and 
 of what kind of enjoyment our forefathers included 
 under that term, may be obtained from the following 
 record. 
 
 On 30th March, 1603, the glad tidings reached Aber- 
 deen, " that vpon the tuentie fourt day of Marche in- 
 stant, his Maiestie, our Kyng and Souerane, wes pro- 
 clamit and declarit Kyng of Ingland." Instantly the 
 provost, bailies, and counsel met, and resolved to hon- 
 our the event by public thanksgiving and a bankit; 
 " and for this effect ordained the haill towne to be 
 wamit be sound of trumpet and drum to assemble in- 
 stantlie in thair paroche kirk, and thair give thankis 
 and prasis to God for the forsaid glad tydings of his I 
 
 Maiestie's preferment, successioun, and electioun to the 
 said kingdom of Ingland ; and efter the ending of 
 thanksgiving, and of the exhortatioun, ordanis bone- 
 fyris to be sett on throcht all the streittis of the towne, 
 the haill bellis to ring, the croce to be deckit and hung, 
 the wyne and spycerie to be spent abundantlie thairat, 
 a numer of glassis to be cassin, and the haill youthis of 
 the towne to tak thair hag-buttis and accompanie thair 
 magistrates throcht the haill re wis of the towne, pas 
 the tyme in schuting thair muskattis and hagbutis til 
 lait at nicht, the townis haill mvnitioun and artailyrie to 
 be chargit and schott, and all godlie mirines and pas- 
 tyme vsit that may expres the joy and glaidnes of the 
 people, and ordanis the deane of gild and thesaurer to 
 furneis the wyne, spycerie, and glassis to the erand 
 foirsaid in all decent and cumlie forme, and the expens- 
 sis to be debursit be thame thairon, the counsall ordanis 
 the same to be allowit in thair comptis." 
 
 A later entry records that when said comptis were 
 reckoned the expenses were found to amount to 
 £53 6s. 8d. V. Burgh Records, vol. II. pp. 236-8. 
 
 BANNA, Banno, s. Contr. or corr. of ban- 
 nack and bannock, a sort of cake, q. v. 
 
 BANTIN, Banton, Bantin Cock, s. A 
 Bantam, Bantam cock : applied to a strut- 
 ting little man fond of fighting; Gall., 
 
 Ayrs. 
 
 BANYST, part. pt. 
 522. 
 
 Banished, Barbour, iv. 
 
 To BAR, Barre, v. a. To debar, hinder, 
 prevent ; to exclude. 
 
 To Bar Up, v. a. To shut up or out" from, 
 
 imprison, isolate : hence, to shut out, cut 
 
 off, banish. 
 
 " . . as reprobated are with God barred up from 
 hope." Bl. of Kirkburiall, ch. VI. 
 
 BAR, s. A flail : properly, the swing or 
 movable portion of the flail, West and 
 South of S. 
 
 To Bar, Barrie, v. a. To thrash ; also, to 
 swing a flail properly ; as, " It's no ilka 
 ane can bar," every one can't swing a flail 
 properly. 
 
 Barrie is properly a freq. form : bar being used to 
 express simply the act or process, and barrie to express 
 continued action: thus, "I'm thinkin' to bar some 
 bear the morn," I intend to thrash some barley to- 
 morrow : "I've barried some nine hours the day," I 
 have thrashed for nearly nine hours to-day. 
 
 Icel. berja, to beat, thrash. In Cleasby and Vig- 
 fusson's Dict. this term is said to be unknown in Eng. 
 This is a mistake ; berry, to thrash corn, is still used 
 in the North of E. V. Brockett's Gloss.; and bar, 
 barrie, are still used in South and West of S. 
 
 Barried, part, and adj. Thrashed; as an 
 adj.^ stiff and sore as after a day's thrashing*. 
 
 Barman, s. A thrasher, one accustomed to 
 
 the bar or flail. 
 
 The barmen did rattle their flails ow're the bawks, 
 The millers did hushoch their melders in sacks. 
 And hung the best braws that they had on their backs. 
 To flash at the funny bonello. 
 
 Oall. Encycl, p. 78, 
 
BAR 
 
 [32] 
 
 BAS 
 
 BARAT, Baret, s. Contention ; The Houl- 
 ate, 1. 332, Asloan MS. V. Barrat. 
 
 BARD, Baird, s. a bold, turbulent woman ; 
 a scold; Burgh Recs. Edin., iv. 510. V. 
 Bardach. 
 
 This term is still used in many districts of S. It is 
 common in Orkn. and Shetl., and throughout the 
 greater part of the Lowlands. 
 
 Bardy, Bardie, adj. Bold, fierce, turbulent. 
 V. Bardach. 
 
 BARD, 5. A bold headland, the top of which 
 
 projects beyond the base, Shetl. 
 
 Icel. barth, brim, projection : hence the projecting 
 headlands of the island of Mousa, and of Bressay, are 
 called the Bard of Mousa, and the Bard of Bressay. 
 
 BAREL, Baril, s. a measure : the twelfth 
 part of a last. 
 
 " Item, for bering of xxvxx vj barellis of here, that 
 the Countaa of Ros gaif to the King, and threscore 
 bareUis of mele, xx s." Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 359. 
 
 This measure was used for grain, flour, meal, fish, 
 and hides. V. Last. 
 
 BARELL-FERIS, s.pl. Barrel irons. V. 
 Barell-Ferraris. 
 
 BARELL-FERRARIS, s. pi. For Barell- 
 ferruris, barrel-ironwork or barrel-irons, iron 
 hoops for barrels. Fr. fer, iron, an iron : 
 hence an iron hoop. V. Ferraris. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson's rendering of this term does not 
 satisfy the sense of the passage in which it occurs. The 
 rendering given above was proposed by Prof. Skeat in 
 his edition of Barbour, p. 594. It certainly makes the 
 passage clear. Barrel-feris is the reading of the Camb. 
 
 BARFORS, s. Errat. in Edin. MS. for bar- 
 frois or berfrois, a tower, watch-tower; 
 Barbour, X. 708. V. Barf ray, Berfroiss. 
 
 BARFRAY, Barfry, s. A belfry, tower. 
 V. Berfroiss. 
 
 BARGE, Bairge, Berge, s. A moveable 
 
 shutter constructed with parallel boards that 
 
 open and shut like a Venetian blind ; used 
 
 in drying-sheds, West of S. 
 
 M. H. Germ, hergen, to protect ; here, protection. 
 Da. hergen, to save, make or keep safe, lock up. The 
 harge-f or herges when open admit the air, and when 
 shut protect from rain, etc. 
 
 BARKAND, Barkande, part. Tanning; 
 Burgh Lawis, ch. 93. V. Bark. 
 
 Barkaris, s. pi. Tanners ; Chalmerlan Air, 
 ch. 28. V. Bark. 
 
 Barkit, Barked, part. adj. Tanned. V. 
 Bark. 
 
 "Item, that thai mak schone, butis and vther 
 graitht of the lethir or jt be harkit." Chalmerlan Air, 
 ch. 22. 
 
 " . . no stranger bringing barked hides for sale 
 
 shall sell them within house," &c. Lawis of the Gild, 
 ch. 45. 
 
 BARKOATT, s. A fender, guard, defence, 
 protection; a frame-work of timber set in 
 front of a sea-wall or harbour to protect it 
 during the process of building or repairing. 
 
 " . . and als protestit that in cais ony skayth or 
 danger come to the pannellis [of Newhaven harbour], 
 that ar put vp, in defalt of harkcattis, considdering the 
 said Johue will intromet thairwith, that the fait thair- 
 of be nocht imput to him." Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, 2 
 Nov., 1556, II. 254. 
 
 O. Fr. bariquade, barriquade, "a barricade, a de- 
 fence of barrels, timber, pales, earth, or stones, heaped 
 up, or closed together : and seruing to stop up a street, 
 or passage, and to keepe off shot, &c." Cotgr. 
 
 Prob. from Sp. harricado, from barrica, a barrel ; 
 whence the E. barricade. 
 
 Halliwell gives barriket, a small firkin. 
 
 BARKIN, s. Barking ; coughing : used also 
 as an adj. ; as, *'a barkin hoast," a short, 
 hard, rapid cough, resembling the bark of a 
 dog; Burns, Scotch Drink. 
 
 BARLAY, Barlie. V. Barley. 
 
 BARLIE-FETTERER, s. " An instrument 
 of many edges used for taking the beard off 
 the grain barley;" Gall. Encycl. 
 
 BARMEKIN, Barmekyn, s. A rampart. 
 V. Barmkyn. 
 
 BARMSKIN, s. Lit. bosom-skin; a leather 
 covering for the breast, a large leather 
 apron ; Orkn. and Shetl. 
 
 The large leather apron worn by tanners and curriers 
 is called a bramskin, q. v. 
 
 Sw. and Dan. barm, the bosom or breast, and Sw. 
 skinn, Dan. skind, a skin or hide. 
 
 BARMWHIN, Barmwhun, s. A thick close 
 branch of whin on which barm was laid to 
 preserve it for brewing. It was hung up 
 in a dry, airy place. Gall. Encycl. 
 
 BARONY, s. Lands held of the Crown, and 
 erected in liberam baroniam, with jurisdic- 
 tion both civil and criminal within its 
 bounds. 
 
 " Item, componit with Vmfra of Murray of Abir- 
 kemy for the resigaacione of certane lands, and gevin 
 of thame to him agane in barony lyand within Strath- 
 erne, j'= lib ; " Accts. L. H. Treas. Scot., i. 3, Dickson. 
 
 BARRET, s. Strife. V. Barrat. 
 
 To BARTYN, v. a. To strike, " dash, break 
 to pieces ; Gol. and Gaw., 1. 719. V. 
 Bryttyn. 
 
 A form of bryttyn, to smash ; from A.-S. bryttian, 
 to break into pieces. 
 
 BAS AND, s. and adj. Sheep-skin dressed 
 like Spanish leather, basil. 
 
 " Item, for ane done basand skyn, to be halk hudis 
 to the King, iij s." Accts. L. H. Treas. Scot., i. 365. 
 
BAS 
 
 [33] 
 
 BAU 
 
 BASLAR, s. A baselard : a long dagger or 
 sheathed knife, worn suspended from the 
 girdle; baselarde, Prompt. Parv. 
 
 " Item [the first day of November, 1495, in Edin- 
 burgh], bocht to the King fra the Franche cutlar, ij 
 badaris, price xlviij s." Accts. L. H, Treas. Scot., i. 
 227. 
 
 The baselard was worn by knights when not in 
 armoiu", by the higher class of civilians, and some- 
 times even by ecclesiastics. 
 
 0. Fr. bazelaire, badelaire. 
 
 BASSING, s. V. Baisi7ig. 
 
 BASTALYE, Bastulry, s. A bastile, 
 fort, citadel ; occurs frequently in Burgh 
 Recs. meaning a blockhouse. V. Bas- 
 
 TAILYIE. 
 
 Fr. bastille, a fortress. 
 
 BASTERO, s. Prob. a misreading of baston, 
 a baton ; Burgh. Recs. Edin., 8 Nov., 1494. 
 V. Bastoun. 
 
 BAT, Bait, s. Boot, abatement, deduction ; 
 Halyburton's Ledger. V. Boot. 
 
 BAT, Bate, conj. Both ; this is the local 
 pron. ; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, i. 427. 
 
 BATALL, Batell, Battaile, Battell, s. 
 A battle, fight; battalyhe, Barbour, x., 725. 
 
 Batall-wricht, Battel -wrycht, s. A 
 braggart, braggadocio, bully. 
 
 In breth as a batall-wricht full of host blawin'. 
 
 The Houlate, 1. 916, Asloan MS. 
 Lit, a battle-Wright, feud-pro voker : like bully-rag. 
 However, the line is usually read with wricht as an 
 adjunct to full. 
 
 Battaillyno, s. Battle array; Barbour, viii. 
 
 47, Edin. MS. 
 
 BATCHIE, Batchy, s. A baker, West of S.: 
 from batch, the quantity of bread put into 
 the oven at one time. 
 
 BATERIE, s. V. Battri/. 
 
 BATIT, Baytit, pi^et. Took refreshment on 
 a journey. Icel. beita, to bait. 
 
 ' ' Item, for the Kingis hors met in Bigar, passand to 
 Quhithirne, quhare the King batit, xiiij d.," Accts. 
 L. H. Treas. Scot., i. 355 [a.d. 1497]. 
 
 "Item, that samyn day [3 Nov. 1496] quhare the 
 King baytit abone Hay, for hors corne, ij s.," ibid, 
 i., 305. 
 
 To BATTELL, Battaille, v. a. To battle- 
 ment, to build a battlement or parapet, to 
 ledge, top, or crown. 
 
 " . . the said Andrew sail big and hew ane rod on 
 baythe the syddis of the said brig, and battell the said 
 brige on baythe the syddis of the samyn with hewn 
 •wark," &c. ; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 9 Aug., 1609. 
 
 O. Fr. bastille, a building, from bastir, to build. 
 
 (Sup.) E 
 
 Battaillyt, part. pt. Embattled, furnished 
 with battlements, Barbour, ii. 221. 
 
 BATTER, s. A spree, booze, drinking-bout, 
 Clydes. 
 
 I had a hat, I had nae mair, 
 
 I gat it frae the hatter ; 
 My hat was smash'd, my skull laid bare, 
 
 Ae night when on the batter. 
 Alex. Rodger, Song in Whistle Binkie, i. 211. 
 This is a humorous application of batter, to lay a 
 stone obliquely, or off-the-straight : a term in masonry. 
 Similar terms in masonry are also used to express this 
 state, as slued, and shued, q. v 
 
 BATTRY, Baterie, s. Kitchen utensils. 
 
 " . . of a dusane of pannys of battry at the forth 
 passyng twa pennies, at the entrying nocht," &cr 
 Assize of Petty Customs, ch. 9. 
 
 " OflF the custome of cordwain, baterie," &c. Burgh 
 Eec. Edinburgh, p. 242. 
 
 Halliwell states that in SufiFolk this term means a 
 tea kettle. 
 
 L. Lat. bateria, cooking utensils ; Du Cange. 
 
 BAUBEE, Baubie, Bawbee, s. A half- 
 penny. V. Babie, Bawbie. 
 
 To BAUCHLE, v. Bauchlar, s. V. 
 Bachle, Bachler. 
 
 BAUDKYN, s. Entered in Dict. as Band- 
 KYN ; but defin. is correct. V. also Baldhyn. 
 
 BAUDMINNIE, Baldminnie, s. The plant 
 
 Gentian, believed to have properties that 
 
 can kill the foetus in the womb ; hence its 
 
 name Bawd-money. V. Bad-Money. 
 
 ' ' Baudminnie — An herb having the same qualities 
 as the Savingtree. " Gall. Encycl. • 
 
 BAUDRIO, Badrick, Badriche, s. A 
 band, bandage, belt, scarf, baldric ; baio- 
 deryke, Prompt. Parv. 
 
 0. Fr. baldret, baldre, baldrei, from Lat. balteus, a 
 belt ; Burguy. In Mod. Fr. baudrier, a sword belt, a 
 girdle. 
 
 The term occurs in Chaucer and Shakespeare ; in the 
 latter as baldrick ; and in the All. Rom. Alexander, 1. 
 1782, it is badriche, a band or bandage ; but in the 
 Gloss, it is left unexplained. 
 
 BAUDRIE, s. Bawdry, lewdness, unclean- 
 ness, wickedness ; Seven Sages, 1. 333. 
 O. Fr. bauderie, id.; from baud, bold, gay, wanton. 
 
 BAUK, s. Err. for Bank, an order, proclama- 
 tion, prohibition ; Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 22 
 May, 1647. V. Bank. 
 
 BAULD, ac?y. Bold; Montgomery. V. Bald. 
 
 BAUM, Bawm, s. Balm, an herb ; also 
 balm, an ointment, a perfume ; S. E. balm. 
 
 To Baum, Bawm, v. a. To balm, scent, per- 
 fume ; to embalm ; hence, to preserve ; S. 
 
 Bauming, Baumin, part, and s. Balming, 
 
 embalming; perfume, S. 
 
BAW 
 
 [34] 
 
 BEA 
 
 Bawlmyt, Bawmyt, part. pt. Embalmed, 
 Barbour, xx. 286. 
 
 BAUTHLE, s. A corr. of battle, E. bottle, 
 a bundle : still used in the expression, a 
 buttle o' strae. PI. bauthles, bauthlis, battles, 
 bundles, implies one's moveable or personal 
 property. V. Battle. 
 
 My breist that wes gret beild, bowdyn wes sa huge, 
 That neir my baret out brist or the band makin ; 
 But qiihen my billis and my bauthles wes all braid selit, 
 I wald na langar beir on bridill, bot braid vp my held. 
 Dunbar, Twa Mariit Women, 1. 347. 
 " My billis and my bauthles," all my belongings, pro- 
 perty, both gifted and personal : 6j^/is being frequently 
 used for deeds, title deeds, injeftments, 
 Fr. boteler, to make up in bundles. 
 
 BAWDRONIS, s. A common name for a 
 cat; Henryson, Uplandis Mous and Burges 
 Mous, 1. 168. V. Baudrons. 
 
 In the 'West of S. this term has been corrupted into 
 pautrons, as in the old nursexy rhyme, — 
 
 " Pussy, ■pxis.sy, pautrons, whare hae ye been," &c. 
 
 BAWK, s. Y. Balh 
 
 BAWSAND, Bawsent, Bawsint, Bassand, 
 
 adj. Streaked or patched with white on the 
 face : applied to horses and cattle. V. 
 under Bawsand. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson is quite astray in his etymology of 
 this term, and Sibbald whom he corrects is right. It 
 is from O.E. bawsin, a badger, as the following neat 
 analogy by Mr. Garnett abundantly shows : — 
 
 " Brock is a badger ; bawsin, ditto ; brock-faced (ap. 
 Craven Glossary, and Brockett), marked with white on 
 the face like a badger ; baivsin'd, ditto." Philol. 
 Essays, p. 68. 
 
 Baucynes, badgers, occurs in Will. & Werwolf, p. 83. 
 
 Bawsie, s. a horse or a cow having a white 
 
 strip or patch on the face. V. Bawsand, 
 
 Bassie. 
 
 The term is also used as a familiar name for an old 
 horse, — a douce, canny, old beast; Clydes. 
 
 BAWTIE, Bawty, s. and adj. A familiar 
 name for a dog: as an adj., round, plump, 
 thriving; as, a baiotie bairn. V. Batie. 
 
 " Bourd na' wi' bawty or he'll bite you." 
 
 Scotch Proverb, 
 Whenever our bawty does bark. 
 
 Then fast to the door I rin. 
 To see gin ony young spark 
 Will light and venture but in. 
 
 Slighted Nansy, Herd's Collection, ii. 82. 
 
 BAYD, pret. of Bide ; also as s. V. Bide. 
 
 BAZELL LEATHER, s. Tanned sheep- 
 skin : still called basil; Halyburton's Led- 
 ger, p. 318. 
 
 The usual name in Scot, is basil, or bazel ; but the 
 correct form is basan, or basen : O. Fr. basane, bazane, 
 sheep leather dressed like Spanish leather, and coloured 
 red, green, or yellow, &c., for shoes, or the covering of 
 books ; Cotgr. The modern term is a corr. from the 
 French, which was adapted from the Span, badana, a 
 
 dressed sheepskin ; and that in turn came from the 
 Arab, bitdnat, applied to such leather because it was 
 used to line leathern garments. V. Skeat's Etym, 
 Diet., Suppl. 
 
 BE, V. Let be, or let alone, not to mention^ 
 without reckoning ; over and above, as well 
 as, besides. 
 
 " . . the necessitie was neuer absolute ; no not in 
 the lawful! place, let be in the Kirk"; Blame of Kirk- 
 buriall, ch. xix. 
 
 " . . whereof my labor were infinite, let he vaine, to 
 descryue " ; Ibid., ch. iv. 
 
 The meaning of this very common phrase is not fully 
 given in the DiCT. ; and a few words of explanation are 
 here necessary. 
 
 In negative sentences, like that in the first quotation 
 given above, the phrase is equal to and far less, or and 
 far less so ; in positive or affirmative sentences it is 
 equal to as well as, and more than that, or, over and 
 above, as in the second quotation. 
 
 Be to. Be ta. Must, in the sense of intend- 
 ing, being resolved or determined to be or 
 do. Different, therefore, from bi te, bu ta^ 
 behoves to, which implies action or influen c& 
 from without causing the necessity. 
 
 " And if thou be to ly at the altar, how wantst thou 
 a Priest to say thy soule Masse ? " Blame of Kirkburiall, 
 ch. xi. 
 
 Be to, pron. be ta, is still in common iise : thus, one 
 speaking about a dour, stubborn neighbour, will say, 
 "Aye, richt or wrang, he be ta get it," i.e., he had 
 made up his mind and he must get it. 
 
 While be ta, bi ta or bu ta, bit ta or but ta, have 
 often the same meaning, and are generally pronounced 
 alike, they are quite different terms : bi ta or bu ta are 
 corr. of bus to, behoves to ; and bit ta or but ta, corr. 
 of bud to, behoved to. V. under Bcot, BeH, Bit. 
 
 BEAKEN, s. A beacon, signal. V. Bekin. 
 
 ". . . set as on the shalde shoare lyke beakens ta 
 warne the shipwreake of soules " ; BI. of Kirkburiall, 
 ch. xvii. 
 
 A..S. bedcen, a sign. 
 
 BEAMED, part. adj. Filled, saturated, pre- 
 pared for the purpose, accustomed to, ready 
 for ; Orkn. Addit. to Beam, v. 
 
 BEAR, Beare, Bere, s. A bier ; also, a 
 shell or coffin. 
 
 The bier was a frame on which dead human bodies 
 were carried to the grave: A.-S. bder, from beran, to 
 bear ; Lat. feretrum, from ferre, id. And when it be- 
 came customary to enclose each body before burial, 
 the shell or coffin was called the bier : that which was 
 carried, or that in which the dead body was carried, to 
 the grave, — the old frame or bier not being then re- 
 quired. The persons who carried the bier were called 
 bearers, or bear-men, q.v. 
 
 "So (I doubt not) if now they had life in their 
 boulke, they would yet ryue sheets, breake beares, 
 tumble downe tombes, with Paul's spirit at Listra, to 
 testifie their reclamation of such profanity." Blame of 
 Kirkburiall, ch. xiii. 
 
 Bear-men, Bere-men, s. pi. Carriers of the 
 
 bier, carriers of the dead. 
 
 "Now the last funerall duety appertained to the 
 Vespilones, or bear-men, whose peculiare calling was 
 (beeing followed in ranks by the Acoluthists their 
 
BEA 
 
 [35] 
 
 BED 
 
 friends, wherof now the Roman Bishops hes bereft 
 them) to carry their corps in their coffins to the grave." 
 Ibid., ch. vii. 
 
 The following interesting particulars regarding the 
 burial of the dead during a time of pest are given in 
 the Burgh Records of Edinburgh, under date 15 Oct., 
 1568 :— 
 
 "Item, that the thesaurer cans mak with all dili- 
 gence for euery ane of the baillies, clengeris, and the 
 burearis of the deid, ane goun of gray with Sanct 
 Androis cors, quhite, behind and before, and to euerie 
 ane of thame ane staff with ane quhite clayth on the 
 end, quhairby thay may be knawin quhaireuer thay 
 pas. 
 
 ' ' Item, that thair be maid tua clois beris ,with foure 
 feit colourit our with blak, and ane quhite cors with 
 ane bell to be hanging vpoun the heid of the said beir 
 quhilk sail mak warning to the pepill." Vol. iii., 
 p. 254. 
 
 BEAS', s. pi. A contr. for beasts, cattle ; 
 but also used as a term for lice. 
 
 An' if the wives an' dirty brats 
 E'en thigger at your doors an' yetts, 
 JlafFan wi' duds an' grey wi' beas', 
 Frightiu' awa your ducks an' geese. 
 
 Burns, Address of Beelzebub. 
 
 Beasenin, Beasnin, s. Called also beestie- 
 milk : the fat thick matter drawn from a 
 cow's udder immediately after she calves; 
 Gall., Ayrs. 
 
 This is prob. a corr. or local pronunciation of beestin 
 or beistyn from the A.-S. by' sting. V. Beist, Beistyn. 
 
 To BEAT, V. a. To mend, repair. V. Beit. 
 
 Beatin, Beating, s. 1. Mending, repair- 
 ing : also, the act of mending, West of S. 
 V. Beiting. 
 
 2. That which is used for mending or repair- 
 ing ; in weaving, the thread used in mending 
 a flaw or break in the web ; Alex. Wilson's 
 Poems, p. 68, Ed. 1876. 
 
 The passage in which this term occurs is not lit for 
 quotation. The word is still in common use. 
 
 To BECALL, v. a. To call upon, challenge, 
 demand : also, accuse, impeach. 
 
 Be thu kaysere or kynge here, I the becalle 
 To fynde me a freke to fyghte one my fille. 
 
 Axvnt. Arthure, 1. 410. 
 
 To BECLATTER, v. a. To tire with clatter- 
 ing, to praise overmuch. V. Clatter. 
 
 Hout awa, Johnny, lad ! what maks ye flatter me ? 
 Why wi' your praises sae meikle bespatter me ? 
 Why sae incessantly deave and heclatter me, 
 Teasing me mair than a body can bide ? 
 
 Alex. Rodger, Song in Whistle Binkie, i. 148. 
 
 To BECOME, V. n. To occur, happen, 
 befall. 
 
 Induryng this first monarchie 
 Become that wofull miserie 
 Of Sodome, &c. 
 
 Lyndsay, Exper. and Court., 1. 3388. 
 A.-S. becuman, to come to be, to come about. 
 
 BED, Bede, pret. of Bide. Addit. to Bed. 
 V. Baid. 
 
 Bed, Bede, Bedding, s. V. Baid. 
 
 Bedding, meaning place of abode, occurs in Dunbar 
 and Kennedy, 1. 208. V. Berdless. 
 
 BE'D, BED, Beid, pron. beed. A coll. form 
 for be it; as, " That canna be'd." Dunbar, 
 Freiris of Berwick, 1. 532. 
 
 The tendency to soften and to drop the dentals t 
 and d, when terminal, prevails in various districts of 
 Scot., but especially in the West, where be'd for be it, 
 do'd, da'd, or di'd, for do it, ha'd or haid for have it, 
 &c., are the usual forms of common speech. Traces of 
 this tendency are found in the works of our earliest 
 poets ; and the terms beid, dude, haid, said, occur in 
 the popular poems of the fifteenth and sixteenth cen- 
 turies. The prevalence of this pronunciation in those 
 times is attested py Alex. Scott's "Ballat maid to the 
 Derisioun and Scorne of Wantoun Wemen, " with its 
 refrain, " I sail not said agane." 
 
 In Lanarkshire and Renfrewshire schoolmasters have 
 great trouble in training their pupils to sound t and th; 
 and the words went, thrice, water, butter, are usually 
 pronounced wend, hrise, icahher, buhher. And yet the 
 same persons add a softened t, almost d, to the words 
 once, twice, thrice, and pronounce them toonste, hwiste, 
 hriste, with h broadly guttural. 
 
 BEDAL, Beddel, s. Beadle, an inferior 
 
 officer of court; commonly called beagle, q.v. 
 
 "Nane aldirman, bailye, na beddel sail bake brede 
 na brew ale to sell wythin thair awin propir house dur- 
 ande the tym that thai stand in office." Burgh Lawis. 
 ch. 59. 
 
 BEDELL, Bedall, s. A person who is bed- 
 rid. V. Bedral. 
 
 " . . . collect and gadder the cherite and almous 
 . . . and distribue amangis the bedellis and pure 
 folk eftir thair discretioun." Burgh Rec. Peebles, 21 
 June, 1561. 
 
 BED-FELLOW, s. Applied to a husband, 
 a fellow-lodger, a fellow-traveller. Addit. 
 to Bedfallow. 
 
 Bed-Fellowship, s. Companionship, fellow- 
 ship, company. 
 
 "We shall be blessed with the bed-fellowship of lesua 
 in our buriall lare, whereeuer it be." Blame of Kirk- 
 buriall, ch. viii. 
 
 BEDIS, Beidis, Beydis, s. pi. Beads. 
 
 ' ' Item, in a box beand within the said blak kist, the 
 grete bedis of gold contenand sex score twa bedis and a 
 knop." Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 80. 
 
 "Item [22 August, 1497], for ane par of bedis to the 
 King, XV s." Ibid., i. 353. 
 
 These were beads for saying the rosary : usually 
 called, as in the second extract, a pair of beads, or a 
 pair of paternosters. 
 
 ' ' They were of various materials — wood, amber, 
 coral, lapis lazuli, crystal, silver, and even of gold, 
 and varied in number from ten to one hundred and fifty 
 or even a larger number. Each tenth bead was fol- 
 lowed by one larger and more ornamental, called a 
 gaude, which served to reckon the paternosters, while 
 the common beads counted the aves. Usually they 
 were in two lengths, one of fifty, the other of ten 
 " aves." The shorter was worn suspended by a ring 
 from the finger, the longer was slung over the shoulder, 
 hung on the arm, or suspended from the girdle." Note 
 by Mr. Dickson ; V. Gloss. 
 
BED 
 
 [ 36 ] B E F 
 
 A Pair of Bedis. A set, stand, or string of 
 beads. 
 
 When a cleric was infeft in office the patron or 
 superior presented him with a set of beads as sasine 
 thereof. 
 
 " The saide day [28 June, 1509] the provost, bailyeis, 
 counsale, and communitie, presentit Master Johne 
 Merschell to the gramar scolis of the said burghe for 
 all the dais of his liwe, and admittit him to the saide 
 scolis be gift of a pair of bedis, with ale comoditeis, 
 fredomes, and profites pertaining thairto." Burgh 
 Recs. Aberd., i. 80. 
 
 BEDIT. For " bed it," abode it. V. Bed. 
 
 BEDRAIT, Bedrit, pret. Befouled with 
 ordure ; Dunbar and Kennedy, 1. 450. V. 
 Bedrite. 
 
 BEDRENT, adj. and s. Applied to a per- 
 son who is bedrid; Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, 
 i. 79. V. Bedral. 
 
 BEDSEIK, adj. Confined to bed through 
 sickness ; so sick as to be unable to rise 
 from bed; Trials for Witchcraft, Spald. 
 Misc., i. 84. 
 
 BED-STOCK, s. The strong bar or frame 
 of wood forming the front of a bed. S. 
 
 Before I lie in your' bed, 
 Either at stock or wa". 
 
 Old SoTig. 
 
 BED-STRAY, Bed-Strae, s. Bed-straw, 
 
 the straw with which a bed, or mattress of 
 
 a bed, is stuffed : also the plant Galium, of 
 
 which there are many species. S. 
 
 When the term indicates a plant, G. verum, Common 
 Yellow Bed-straw, or G. Aperine, Goosegrass, or 
 Cleavers, is meant, generally the latter. 
 
 To BEDUNG, V. a. To cover with dung ; 
 
 to manure ; also, to smirch, spatter, or foul 
 
 with dung : part. pa. hedunged. 
 
 "For our Kirk-courtes or yardes are ordinarly 
 hedunged by pestring and pasturing brute." Blame of 
 Kirkburiall, ch. vi. 
 
 BEED-LADY, s. Lit., a lady supported by 
 
 alms or in a bead-house ; but, as in the 
 
 quotation given below, applied to the ladies 
 
 of a family of rank provided for by the heir; 
 
 hence, ladies-dependent. V. Bedis. 
 
 *' . . . of these two your dayly heed-Ladies; 
 your Mother, to wit, the mirrour of all godly graue 
 matronisme, and your Spouse now the yong fruteful 
 Matriarch of that multi-potent Marquesad." Blame of 
 Kirkburiall, Dedication to the Marquis of Hamilton. 
 
 BEEL,BIEL,«. Shelter, abode. V. Beild. 
 
 To BEEMFILL, Beemefill, v. a. To fill 
 
 up completely, as in packing a box ; hence, 
 
 to back up, bolster, confirm, maintain. 
 
 " . . . alledging to a most auncient custome of 
 keeping the predecessor lare in buriall. To heeme-Jill 
 the which, they may bring (I confesse) some canons of 
 counsels," &c. 
 
 ". . . he wold procure an inacted law to fteem- 
 fll the Kirk acts against Kirkburiall," &c. Blame of 
 Kirkburiall, ch. xix. 
 
 This verb is derived from heamfill or heamfiUinrj, the 
 chips of stone or brick used in filling up the spaces or 
 chinks that are left in the walls of a house after the 
 beams have been planted. 
 
 BEEN-HOOK, s. The harvest work which 
 a tenant was bound to give to his landlord 
 in part payment of rent ; Gloss. Orkn. and 
 Shetl. Similar to the Bonnage-Heuk of 
 more Southern districts. 
 
 BEER-BUNTLIN, s. Beer-bunting ; a 
 bird : called in north-eastern counties the 
 corn-huntlin ; West and South of S. V. 
 
 BUNTLIN. 
 
 " BeerhuntUns. Birds as large as thrushes, and 
 somewhat like them in plumage ; common amongst 
 grain, particularly beer, when growing," &c. Gall. 
 Encycl. 
 
 BEES, Beis, v. An old form of the pres. 
 ind. and subj. of the vb. to be, used in all 
 the persons of both numbers. Not confined 
 to the third pers. sing., as stated in DiCT. 
 V. Beis. 
 
 This form is still in use, and is a record of the old 
 Anglian dialect. It is sometimes found (like A.-S. 
 b4o) with a future sense, as in the first example 
 given below. It occurs frequently in the Townley 
 Mysteries, which are supposed to have been acted at 
 Widkirk Abbey in Yorkshire : thus, — 
 
 For mekille in heven bees youre mede, p. 316. 
 
 AUe bees done right at the wille, p. 324. 
 
 Wyt thou welle thou beei> to late, p. 326, 
 
 BEEST, Beste, s. A beast ; generally 
 applied to cattle; pi. beestis, bestisy bestys. 
 V. Best. 
 
 " . . . at thai sek nocht the kingis merkat ilk 
 merkat day on the maner of the bying of beestis to be 
 etin, that is to say of oxin, of mutone, and swine." 
 Chalmerlan Air, ch. 7. 
 
 Beestie, Beestie Milk, s. V. Beist,^ 
 
 Beasenin. 
 
 BEETOCK, s. A sword; properly, a dirk 
 or dagger carried in the hose or boot. 
 
 For gin she'll thocht ta thing was richt, 
 
 She would her heetock draw, man. 
 An' feught like . . . till ance the Bill 
 Was made goot Gospel law, man. 
 
 Alex. Rodger, Highland Politicians, s. 2. 
 Gael, biodag, a dirk, or dagger. 
 
 BEEVIT, part. pa. Errat. for brevit, 
 recorded, written, declared, accounted, 
 esteemed. V. Breve. 
 
 This strange blunder is due to Pinkerton : v. Dicrr. 
 But Jamieson's note is a wild guess and wide of the 
 mark. 
 
 Fr. bref, from Lat. brevis, short. Ducange gives 
 breviare, in breves redigere, describere ; and Cotgrave 
 gives brief, a writ. 
 
 BEFORE. 0/ before, formerly, in former 
 times, of old ; yitt as of before, still as 
 
BEF 
 
 [37] 
 
 BEI 
 
 formerly, for the present a^ in past times ; 
 Burgh Rec. Edinburgh, 3 October, 1505. 
 
 Befoee the Hand, Before Hand. 
 Before the point or time of requirement : 
 generally applied to money, and in relation 
 to gathering, spending, or using it. It 
 commonly means on hand, not required; 
 before being due, before an equivalent has 
 been given or received ; and is a translation 
 of Lat. prce manibus. 
 
 Although both forms of the phrase have generally 
 the same meaning, before the hand is always the form 
 used in reference to money or goods on hand and not 
 specially required ; and before luind is always applied 
 to what is got or given before being due, as, before hand 
 wages, or wages before hand. A good example of the 
 use of the first form is given in the following passage : 
 
 " . . and knawing thameselfis to haue na common 
 gude before the hand, and to be greitlie superexpendit 
 and thair common renttis thirlit, sua that it sail nocht 
 be able to thame to help repair and big the saidis war- 
 kis according to thair honour and commoun weill, ex- 
 cept the merchanttis and ci-aftismen may be persuadit 
 to spair the proffit of the commoun mylnis for this pre- 
 sent yeir allanerlie, " &c. Burgh Eecs. Edin., 19 Mar., 
 1567-8. 
 
 The loarhis here referred to were the re-building and 
 repairs occasioned by a severe storm which had raged 
 in the district shortly before that date. 
 
 BEGAINE, part. adj. V. Begane. 
 
 BEGARY, s. Decoration; adornment. Ad. 
 to Begarie, v. 
 
 Thocht now in browdir and begary, 
 Sche glansis as scho war Quene of Fary. 
 
 Rob Stene's Dream, p. 4. 
 
 BEGET, V. A corr. of hegech, deceive, be- 
 fool, jilt. 
 
 I suld haue maid him in tlie stour to be full hard stad 
 And I had witten that the Carll wald away steill ; 
 Bot I trowit not the day that he wald me beget. 
 
 Rauf Coilzear, 1, 607. 
 V. Begeck. 
 
 BEGGAR'S BED, s. The bed which in 
 farm and country houses was allotted to 
 beggars ; it was generally made up in the 
 barn. S. 
 
 He wadna ly intil the barn, nor yet wad he in byre, 
 But in ahint the ha' door, or else afore the fire. 
 
 And we'll gang nae mair a roving, &c. 
 The beggar's bed was made at e'en wi' guid clean straw and 
 
 hay. 
 But in ahint the ha' door, and there the beggar lay. 
 And we'll gang nae mair a roving, &c. 
 
 The Jolly Beggar, Herd's Coll., ii. 27. 
 
 BEGGAR PLAITS, s. pi. Creases in the 
 
 skirts of garments. 
 
 So called because beggar's weeds are generally 
 plaited in this manner by the owner's lying or sitting 
 on them. V. Gall. Encycl. 
 
 BEGIN, s. A form of biggin, a building, 
 house ; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, i. 72. V. 
 
 BiGGING. 
 
 BEGIRT, part. pa. A corr. of begarit, 
 trimmed, ornamented ; " an black cloak be- 
 girt with velvit ; " Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 
 i. 458. V. Begarie. 
 
 BEGNET, s. A bayonet. V. Baignet. 
 
 BEGOUD, Begude, Begud, Beguid, pret.^ 
 and part. Began. To beguid., to be begun ; 
 Aberd. V. Begouth. 
 
 Mirk the lift was, drousy eluded, 
 An' the starns begoud to glow'r. 
 
 Alex. Wilson's Poems, p. 105, Ed. 1876. 
 Begoud is often used as a part, in the West of S. 
 especially when preceded by the aux. have; as, "He 
 hasna begoud to't yet." 
 
 BEHED, pret. Local for behaved ; as, ''' bot 
 sua hes behed himself in tyme bygane;.'^ 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, i. 355. V. Beha'd. 
 
 BEHEVIN, Beheuin, part. pt. Behewn^ 
 hewn in two; Barbour, xvii. 755, Camb. 
 MS. ; to-hewyn, Edin. MS. 
 
 BEHOWYT, Behauit, Behud, Behuyed, 
 
 Behuyit, pret. Behoved, it behoved; 
 
 Burgh Recs. 
 Behuifull, Behuffull, adj. Needful, 
 
 necessary, requisite ; A.-S. beJiofian, to stand 
 
 in need of. 
 
 "... at thai waiter nocht na JMin/ji/; thing to 
 thaim that he aucht to find," &c. Burgh. Eec Edin- 
 burgh, 13 Dec, 1463. 
 
 The form behnJiiU occurs in Charters of Peebles, 20 
 January, 1520, p. 51, and in the Burgh Bees, of that 
 town of date 23 July, 1480. 
 
 BEICH. On beich, at a distance, aloof ; " I 
 
 byd on beich" I stay at a distance, I stand 
 
 aloof; Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 73, Ed. 1882. 
 
 This is another form of abeigh, abeech, q.v.; like 
 astray and on stray. 
 
 BEID. For be it. V. Be'd. 
 
 To BEID, V. n. Errat. for Bide, to wait for,. 
 Barbour, viii. 183, Camb. MS. 
 
 BEIDMAN, s. A resident in a bede-house, 
 or one who is supported from the funds 
 appropriated for this purpose. V. Bedeman.. 
 
 BEID-WOMAN, s. A woman who resides 
 in a bede house or hospital. V. Bedis,. 
 Bedeman. 
 
 "... Jonat Andersoun, beid-woman in Kingis- 
 cace . . . ane boll meal for the Beltane term last 
 by past," &c. Burgh Bee. Prestwick, 27 Nov., 1606. 
 
 BEIK, s. Like E. beah, is variously applied 
 in the sense of a projecting point ; V. DiCT. 
 PI. beiks, beikis, is often applied to project- 
 ing teeth, tusks, and specially to the corner 
 teeth of a horse. 
 
 I half run lang furth in the feild, 
 On pastouris that ar plane and peild ; 
 
BEI 
 
 [38] 
 
 BEL 
 
 I mycht be now tane in for eild, 
 My bdkis ar spruning lie and bauld. 
 
 Dunbar, Petition of Or ay Horse, 1. 40. 
 V. Beik. 
 
 BEIKYN, s. A beacon ; pi. heikynnis ; Burgh. 
 Eecs. Aberdeen, i. 150. V. Bekin. 
 
 BEILD, s. A poet, form of heil, bale, sor- 
 row, misery; to do heild, to work havoc, 
 destruction, ruin. 
 
 It is so used by Dunbar in his Welcura to Lord 
 Bernard Stewart, 1. 61, where he compares him to 
 Hannibal. 
 
 Bold Hannibal in batall to do heild. 
 
 BEILDIT, Beldit, part. pt. Sheltered, 
 housed; surrounded, protected, favourably 
 situated ; heildit in blis, surrounded with 
 every comfort, perfectly happy, happy- 
 hearted. V. Beldit. 
 
 Then Schir Gawayne the gay, gude and gracilis. 
 That euer was beildit in bUs, and bounte embracit. 
 
 Gaw. and Ool., s. 31. 
 
 i.e., " That was always happy hearted and a pattern 
 of kindness." 
 
 Dr. Jamieson's rendering of Beldit is very defective. 
 This was pointed out by Sir F. Madden in his Gloss, 
 to the Gawain Eomances, q.v. 
 
 A.-S. byldan, to build, house, furnish, shelter. 
 
 BEIR, s. 1. Beer, barley; Lyndsay, Douglas. 
 V. Beyr. 
 
 2. Beer. 
 
 "Item, to Andro Bertonne, for tua pipe of ceder and 
 heir ; the price of all ix lib." Accts. L. H. Treas. 
 Scot., i. 343. 
 
 At this time, 1497, beer was chiefly imported from 
 Germany ; very little was made in Scotland, and even 
 what was made was for the most part brewed by 
 foreigners. V. Introduction to L. H. Treas. Accts., 
 Dickson. 
 
 To BEIR, V. a. To bear, carry ; we heir ws, 
 we behave; Barbour, xiv. 275 ; beird, pret., 
 betook himself, proceeded, went. V. Bear. 
 
 Quhair the Coilyear bad sa braithlie he beird. 
 
 Rauf. Coilyear, st. 14. 
 
 Beir, Bere, s. a bier. V. Bear. 
 
 Beir-Men, Bere-Men, s. pi. V. Bear-men^ 
 
 BEIT, s. A bundle, sheaf ; in beitis set, set 
 or laid out in sheaves; Henryson, Preiching 
 of the Swallow, 1. 206. V. JBeet. 
 
 To BEJAIP, Bejape, v. a. To befool, 
 deceive ; Dunbar. V. Jaip, Jape. 
 
 BEK, s. and v. V. Beck. 
 
 To BEKKLE, v. a. To distort, put out of 
 shape ; Shetl. Similar to Bachle, q.v. 
 
 BELD, Beild, adj. Bold, daring. 
 
 War kene knychtis of kynd, clene of maneris 
 Blyth, bodyit, and held, but baret or boast. 
 
 The Hoidate, 1. 332, Asloan MS. 
 Banu. MS. has heild. 
 
 BELD, Bell, a^j. Bald, bald-headed, S. 
 
 Beld Cyttis, Bell Kytis, s. pi. Bald 
 Kites; prob. the Bald Buzard or Marsh 
 Harrier, Circus Mufus, is meant in Houlate, 
 1. 640. 
 
 ' ' Busardis and Beld Cyttis, as it might be, " &c. 
 
 By some strange mistake Dr. Jamieson rendered this 
 term as Bakl Coots, a meaning quite foreign to the 
 passage in which the term occurs. Besides, coots are 
 never called cyttis or kytes — the reading of the two 
 MSS. ; but that name was and still is given to birds of 
 the falcon family, which the poet here describes. 
 
 Bell, s. A bald place, a spot of baldness : 
 also, a patch of white, as in the forehead of 
 a cow or horse. Addit. to Bell. 
 
 " . . to haf sauld to Johnne Masons ane hors, 
 blak-broune mowitt, with ane bell in the forrett, for 
 the sowme of fywe merkis, vjs. viijd.," &c. Burgh 
 Eecs. Aberdeen, 23 Mar., 1555. 
 
 Gael, hal, ball, a spot, mark, freckle. 
 
 BELENE, V. n. Errat. for the following. 
 
 To BELEUE, Belewe, Bileue, v. n. To 
 
 tarry, remain, wait, linger ; Sir Gawan and 
 
 Sir Gall, i. 6 : pret. belewyt, continued ; 
 
 Barbour, xiii. 544 : A.-S. belifan, to remain 
 
 behind. 
 
 This entry is substituted for Belene in the Dict. Dr. 
 Jamieson was misled by his text. The mistake regard- 
 ing belewyt, under to heleif, is quite different. 
 
 Belewtt, pret. Remained, continued ; Bar- 
 bour, xiii. 544, Edin. MS. 
 
 Under To Beleif Dr. Jamieson quotes this passage, 
 and renders belewyt, gave up, as from A.-S. btlcewan. 
 It is not so, but from A.-S. belifan, to remain. Beleue 
 or bileue in this sense is used by Chaucer in his Squieres 
 Tale. See Prof. Skeat's note, Barbour, p. 777. 
 
 BELIF, Belife, Belief, adv. Soon, quickly : 
 forms of belyve used by Barbour : A.-S. be^ 
 by or with, and life, life. 
 
 To BELIGGER, v. a. To beleaguer, be- 
 siege, invest ; Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. xix. 
 
 BELL, s. A familiar form of Isabel or 
 Isabella. 
 
 A wife he had, I think they ca'd her Bell. 
 
 Alex. Wilson, Bah and Ringan, L 21. 
 
 BELL, adj. and s. V. Beld. 
 
 BELLAMTYM, s. A form of Beltane, q. 
 v.. Burgh Rec. Peebles. 
 
 BELLAMY, s. A boon companion ; Dunbar. 
 
 Fr. belle ami, id. 
 
 BELLIBAN, s. The band of leather or 
 stretch of rope passing under the belly of a 
 horse and secured to the two shafts of the 
 cart, to give stability in loading : E. belly- 
 band. 
 
BEL 
 
 [39] 
 
 BER 
 
 To BELLISHE, v. a. To embellish, adorn, 
 beautify ; Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. x. 
 
 BELL-WEED, Bell- Ware, s. A coarse 
 sea- weed ; Fucus vesiculosus, Linn.; called 
 also Kelp-ware. West of S. 
 
 BELLY-GOD, s. One who makes a god of 
 his belly, a glutton : used also as an adj., 
 as in the term helly-god-heastes, applied to 
 monks and nobles before and after the Re- 
 formation. 
 
 " . . we may be laide in a comely, closse, clean, 
 competent Kirk-ile or yarde, that so associating our 
 selues with the predecessor saints, and not byked in 
 with the helly-god-beastes that blindes the world," &c. 
 Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. xiv. 
 
 In his Hist, of the Reformation in Scotland, John 
 Knox calls the Bishop of Ross, "that belly-god, 
 Maister David Panter." V. Laing's Ed., i. 262. 
 
 BELLYS, Bellis, s. Bellows ; Burgh Rec. 
 Peebles, 28 Jan., 1463. 
 
 BELSTRACHT, adv. Straight on one's 
 belly, straight forward, full-stretched, pros- 
 trate ; as, " He fell belstracht down." West 
 of S. V. Belly-flaught. 
 
 A.-S. bcelg, the belly, and streccan, to stretch. Bol- 
 traught is the form in Will, and Wer., 1. 1852. 
 
 BELT. To hear at the belt, to have always at 
 
 hand or in readiness. 
 
 " . . some reasones that men may 
 
 in familiar vse, as it were, beare the same about at 
 their belt." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. xx. 
 
 BEMASKED, part. adj. Masked over, 
 or decked out for the purpose of con- 
 cealing the reality ; Blame of Kirkburi- 
 all, ch. xix. 
 
 BEMYS, Beames, s. pi. Trumpets. V. 
 Beme. 
 
 A.-S. by me, a trumpet. 
 
 BENE, Beyne, King of. The king or 
 leader of the festivities of Twelfth Night. 
 V. Bane, King of Bane. 
 
 "Item, on Uphaly da, [1489], to the Kingis offer- 
 ande, xviijs. Item, to the King of Bene, the saim da, 
 xviijs." Accts. L, H. Treas., i. 127. 
 
 " Item, to Jhonne Goldsmyth, be a precept, for his 
 expens quhen he was King of Beyne," v. li. [a.d. 1497]. 
 
 In the cake made for Twelfth Day it was customary 
 to insert a bean, and he who obtained the portion of 
 the cake containing it became king of the evening's fes- 
 tivities. In earlier times the banqueting was contin- 
 ued for many days. (V. Brand's Notes to Bourne, p. 
 205). 
 
 When the portion fell to the lot of a lower officer of 
 the court or household, it was customary for the com- 
 pany to contribute under the name of offerings to the 
 King to defray the expenses incurred by the proper 
 tenure of that high office. No doubt the gifts referred 
 to in the records quoted above, were made by James 
 IV. for that purpose. Similar gifts are recorded of 
 Edward III. of England. V. Strutt's Sports and Pas- 
 times, p. 343, ed. 1841, 
 
 BENIS, Benys, Beins, s. pi. V. Banis. 
 
 This term frequently occurs in Halyburton's Ledger; 
 
 BENNELS, Bennles, s. pi. The name 
 given to the various kinds of reed-grass and 
 reeds which are used for making mats. It 
 is also applied to the dry withered weeds 
 collected for fuel, South of S. Addit. to 
 Bennels, q.v. 
 
 To BENSE, V. n. To stride, strut, or bound 
 
 boldly, West of S. V. Bensell. 
 
 This term is similar to E. bounce, when so applied. 
 The ders. bensing, bensie, are used as adjs. 
 
 BENT SILUER, s. Payment for rushes, 
 bent grass, &c., used for covering the floors 
 of rooms. Correct, and Addit. 
 
 " Item, to Andro of Balfour for his bent siluer to the 
 Kingis chalmiris al the yere, xiij li. vj s. viij d." [a.d. 
 1473-4. J Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 66. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson in rendering this term has gone far 
 astray. He identifies it with Bleeze Money, and repre- 
 sents it as paid only to schoolmasters, and by way of 
 gratuity. Perhaps this idea of gratuity suggested to 
 him the strange supposition regarding the origin 
 of the term with which the article closes. He asks — 
 "Can bent be corr. from Fr. benit, q. blessed money, 
 as being claimed on some Saint's day ? " Why ! bent 
 grew before there was a saint to bless or be blessed ! 
 and bent siluer was a payment regularly made to those 
 persons who provided bent for covering the floors of 
 rooms. In some districts the schoolmasters claimed 
 the payments monthly all the year round ; in others 
 only during the summer months. Latterly, and until 
 the impost ceased, the second method was followed all 
 over Scotland. Bleeze Money was the payment for fuel 
 and lights during the winter months. 
 
 In the Burgh Records of Aberdeen there is a most 
 interesting entry from which one may gather various 
 particulars regarding bent siluer in the beginning of the 
 seventeenth century. On 24th October, 1604, "the 
 prouest, baillies, and counsall " of Aberdeen met to 
 consider certain "greiffis gevin in be a gryt number of 
 the communitie of this burgh, complaining on Maister 
 Dauid Wedderburne, maister of thairgrammerschooU, 
 for certane abuses and extortionis baith enterit and 
 raisit in the said school, by all gude ordour or forme," 
 &c. One of these ^' greiffis" was — "Item, for tackiug 
 aucht pennies monethlie of eiverie bairne for bent 
 siluer," -which, after much careful and "cannie" con- 
 sideration (for Maister Wedderburne was present by 
 command), the council unanimously resolved to answer 
 by the following law: — "Item, that anis ilk moneth 
 during thir four monethis following in the symmer 
 seasone allanerlie, viz.. May, Junij, July, and August, 
 the bairnis that gangis not to the bent thame selffis, 
 sail pay ilk ane of thame aucht pennies to the maister 
 for bying of bent." 
 
 By this judicious consideration of the interests of 
 both parties concerned, the dispute regarding bent siluer 
 was for the time settled. 
 
 Interesting particulars regarding this school-tax are 
 given in Grant's Hist, of the Burgh Schools of Scot. , 
 pp. 173, 475-6. 
 
 BENYS, Benis, s. pi. Beans ; applied to the 
 
 seeds and to growing crop. 
 
 "... wyth whete or wyth vthir corne, or wy th 
 pese, benys, or salt," &c. Custome of Schippis, ch. i. 
 
 BER, s. Beer, barley. V. Bear. 
 
BER 
 
 [40] 
 
 BET 
 
 BERAND, part. pr. Roaring, snorting, 
 bellowing. V. Beie, v. 
 
 BERD, Beird, Bred, Breid, Brede, s. A 
 board, plank, a piece of thin flat wood, a 
 table ; the plate, box, or other vessel for re- 
 ceiving alms for the poor ; also, daily food, 
 victuals. V. BuRD. 
 
 Berded, Beirded, Breded, adj. Boarded, 
 covered with boards, made of boards or 
 planks, West of S. 
 
 Berdless, Berdles, Beirdless, adj. Board- 
 less, i.e., destitute, starving. 
 
 For thow hes nowthir for to drink nor eit, 
 Bot lyk ane berdles baird, that had no bedding. 
 
 Dunbar and Kennedy, 1. 208. 
 "No bedding" no hiding-place, abode, home. 
 
 BERDLASS, adj. Beardless ; Barbour, xi. 
 
 217. 
 
 BERFROISS, s. A tower, watch-tower; O. 
 Fr. heffroi, herfroit^ a watch-tower, from 
 which has come E. belfry. V. Barfray. 
 
 Lap fra a berfroiss on the wall, 
 Quhar he emang his fayis all 
 Defendit him full douchtely. 
 
 Barbour, x. 708, Camb. MS. 
 He buskit to ane barfray. 
 Twa smal bellis rang thay. 
 
 Ool. and Qaw, 1. 777. 
 
 In Edin. MS. miswritten harfors, q.v. 
 
 Although this term has come to us through the 
 French, it is of H. M. Germ, origin, being from 
 bercvrit, bervrit, a tower for defence or protection, 
 which was first applied to the movable tower used in 
 sieges to enable the attaoking party surely and safely 
 to throw missiles into the city. H. M. Germ, bergen, 
 to protect, and vrit or frid, a place of security, a tower. 
 It was afterwards applied to the watch-tower within 
 the city walls, in which at a later date a clock was 
 erected, and a bell for the sentinel to sound in time of 
 danger. From this arose the application of the term 
 to a bell-tower. V. Burguy's Gloss., Wedgwood's 
 Etym. Diet., and Skeat's Etym. Diet. Suppl. 
 
 To BERE, Beyr, v. and s. V. Bear. 
 
 Bering Swerd, s. A sword of state. 
 
 "Item, . . . j quarter of rede crammasy rellus 
 for the couering of the litil bering swerd, price xx s." 
 Accts. L. H. Treas. [1474], i. 26. 
 
 BERFUTE, adj. Bare-footed ; " bla berfute 
 berne," Dunbar and Kennedy, 1. 210. V. 
 Barefit. 
 
 BERGE, Barge, s. A barge, a small trad- 
 ing vessel. 
 
 "Of ilk creare, busche, berge, and ballinger, v. s." 
 Toll on Ships and Boats at Leith {1428). Burgh Rec. 
 Edinburgh, i. 4. 
 
 BERGE, s. A shutter. V. Barge. 
 
 To BERIS, Berts, v. a. To bury ; a corr. 
 of Bery ; part, pt. beryst, buried ; Charters 
 of Peebles, 3 Sept., 1450. 
 
 Berising, part. 
 V. Bery. 
 
 and s. Burying, buriall. 
 
 "Item, for the expensis of the berising of Georg of 
 Douglas at the Kingis command, [a.d. 1494], ixli. xs." 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 238. 
 
 In Abp. Hamilton's Catechism the form berissing is 
 occasionally used ; and berisch, as inf. form also occurs. 
 
 BERIST, BEREST, s. Breast ; pi. beristes ; 
 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, i. 413. 
 
 This form represents the pron. in those districts 
 where the r is prominently sounded. 
 
 BERM, Berme, s. V. Barm. 
 
 ' ' Item, at the pottis at thai haf contenis nocht 
 samekle cler aile withoutyn berme. " Chalmerlan Air, 
 ch. 10. 
 
 To BESPICE, Bespise, Besptce, v. a. To 
 spice, embalm. 
 
 " . . the Indean with Got-seame did besmeare, 
 the Schithean swallied, the Egyptian pickled with 
 bryme, but the Gerrens, a Schithian sect, after exin- 
 teration, bespyced their gutlesse goodsirs ; " &c. Blame 
 of Kirkburiall, ch. iv. 
 
 " . . the PoUinctors embalmed and Sandapilari- 
 anes bespised the corps of the great," &c. Ibid. ch. vii. 
 
 BEST, Beest, Beist, s. A single skin of 
 fur. Addit. to Best. 
 
 " Item, fra Thom. Cant, xxiiij bestes of grece to lyne 
 a typpat to the King," &c. Accts. L. H. Treas., 
 Scot., i. 17. 
 
 This use of the term is common in Records of Inven- 
 tory and Expense. 
 
 Bestie, Be\stie, Beestie-Milk, s. Same 
 with Beist, and Bcasenin, q. v. 
 
 BEST CHEIP, adj. Best bargain, best for 
 the money. V. under Ckeip. 
 
 BEST RESPECTS, s. pi. Used colloquially 
 in the sense of " immediate friends ; " as, 
 " Hoo's a' your best respects the day *? " 
 Orkn. 
 
 A peculiar application of the valedictory phrase of a 
 familiar epistle. 
 
 To BESWIK, Beswike, Biswike, v. a. To 
 cheat, deceive. V. Besweik. 
 
 BESYD, adv. Aside, astray. 
 
 Peraventure my scheip ma gang besyd 
 Quhill we haif liggit full neir. 
 
 Henryson, Robene and Makyne, 1. 43. 
 
 BE'T, Be't ta, Be'd, Be'da. Forms of bud, 
 bud to, behoved, behoved to, must, had to, 
 
 Clydes. 
 
 Spring, thochtless gilpy, leuch and sang. 
 The very birds join d in the chorus. 
 
 Till canker'd Winter found ere lang 
 She be't tie up her bull-dog Bor'as, 
 James Manson, Song in Whistle Binkie, ii. 127. 
 
 BET, V. Prob. a mistake for Let, stop, stay, 
 hinder ; Barbour, i. 254. V. Skeat's ed. 
 
 To BETAK, Betake, v. a. 1. To resort, 
 apply, have recourse to ; as, " Weel, weel I 
 
BET 
 
 [41] 
 
 BEU 
 
 sin ye'll no richt me, I'll hetak me to the 
 
 Court o' Session ; " pret. betook, part. pt. 
 
 hetane, betaen, West of S. 
 
 This verb is still used in the West of S. ; but it is 
 seldom found in Scotch or English authors later than 
 the seventeenth century. Shakespeare and Milton 
 used it in this first souse only. 
 
 2. To overtake, hunt, capture ; as, " If ye 
 gang fast ye'll betak him within an hour." 
 
 3. To beset, waylay, pounce upon; as, "When 
 a' the ills o' eild betak ye." " The deil be- 
 tak ye." " The drunk, the late, and the lazy 
 the bogles betak" Ibid. 
 
 4. To hand over, commit ; as, " Weel, weel, 
 I'll jist betak ye to the bogle ! " said by way 
 of threat to a troublesome child. Ibid. 
 
 This application of the term is a very old one ; see 
 Havelok, 1. 1407, Town Myst., p. 230, Cov. Myst., p. 
 70, 72. And Barbour, in recounting the terror which 
 the Black Douglas spread throughout the Border 
 Marches of England says — 
 
 And yeit haf Ik herd oftsis tell, 
 That he so gretly dred wes than, 
 That quhen wiffis wald thar childre ban, 
 Thai wald euen with ane angry face 
 Betake thame to the blak dowglas. 
 
 Barbour, xv. 538, Hart's Ed. 
 Betak is still used in all these senses in the West and 
 South of S. A.-S. betdecan, to show, betake, commit, 
 send, follow, pursue. 
 
 BbtAne, part. pt. Lit. overtaken : hence, 
 beset, waylaid, in difficulties, in straits, hard 
 bested. V. Betak, Betake. 
 
 Thar was a baroune maknauchtan, 
 
 That in his hart gret kep has tane 
 
 [Vnto] the Kingis chewalry, 
 
 And prisyt hym in hart gretly. 
 
 And to the lord off lorne said he ; 
 
 " Sekyrly now may ye see 
 
 Betane the starkest pundelan, 
 
 That euyr your lyff-tyme ye saw tane. 
 
 Barbour, iii. 159. 
 Dr. Jamieson's difficulty with this word arose per- 
 haps from not sufficiently considering the circumstances 
 of the situation in which Bruce is represented at this 
 point of the story ; and his rendering of hetane as en- 
 closed, shut up, is incorrect. Prof. Skeat pointed out 
 this error in his edition of Barbour, pp. 650, 777-8, and 
 gives pursued as the meaning : which is so far correct, 
 but not the full meaning ; for it does not bring out the 
 real point of Macnauchtan's enthusiastic remark to the 
 Lord of Lorne regarding the extraordinary prowess of 
 Bruce, and his marvellous skill and dexterity when 
 surprised and attacked by fearful odds. A glance at 
 the circumstances of the parties will make this clear. 
 
 As Bruce's attack on the clansmen of Lorne had 
 failed, he ordered his forces to retreat. They did so 
 in good order, and he took position in their rear to pro- 
 tect them diiring the pursuit. While passing through 
 a narrow defile, he was beset by three of the boldest 
 and strongest of the enemy, who had sworn to kill him. 
 The struggle was fierce and desperate ; but Bruce was 
 equal to the occasion, and rid himself of his opponents 
 by cutting down one after the other of the band. This 
 feat so terrified the pursuers, that they were glad to 
 keep out of his reach : or, as the poet puts it, — 
 
 (Sup.) 
 
 ■ That efter him dar na man ga. 
 
 Bruce then rode after his men and brought them to a 
 safe encampment for the night. 
 
 The prowess of the Scottish king was witnessed by 
 the Lord of Lorne and some of his chiefs, among whom 
 was one Macnauchtan, who was so impressed and 
 stirred by the matchless heroism of the Bruce, that he 
 could not contain himself. So, turning to the Lord of 
 Lorne as Bruce rode off to guide and protect the re- 
 treat, he said, "You see there, surprised and beset 
 though he be, the greatest pundelan that ever you saw 
 foiled." Tane, having here the sense oi taken aback, 
 put out, foiled, as in the common saying, " I was quite 
 tane when I saw him : " and pundelan, meaning prob- 
 ably pounder or mallet-hand, or as Prof. Skeat suggests, 
 "fist of ivood," which "may have been an epithet of a 
 hero, like Fierabras ; cf. Goetz with the iron hand." 
 V. Pundelan. 
 
 While the above was in proof a friend suggested to 
 me that hetane might be an error for hegane, gone off, 
 with the sense of escaped. 
 
 BETAUGHT, pret. and part. pa. V. Be- 
 
 TAUCHT. 
 
 BETEICHE, V. a. V. Betech. 
 
 BETILL, s. A beetle, a potstick ; The 
 Houlate, 1. 787, Asloan MS.: in Bann. 
 MS. bittiU, q. V. 
 
 BETISE, Bethys, prep. Between, betwixt. 
 
 " . . John Tyry was mayd burges on Sant Lukis 
 day, and sal pay for his fredom xx''s. ; and x s. of that 
 to pay bethys this and Qwysonday nixt to com, and 
 X s. be Machalmas next folouand ; plegis hymself." 
 Burgh Recs. Peebles, 18 Oct., 1456. 
 
 The form hetise was common in the West of S., es- 
 pecially among elder people, about forty years ago. 
 It is prob. a corr. of hetiois, hetwine, which represent 
 the common pron. of hetwix, — local for betwixt. Indeed, 
 the dropping of final t and d is a marked peculiarity of 
 the Western district, where there is also a strong ten- 
 dency to slip or at least smother those letters when 
 they occur in the body of the word. 
 
 BETT, pret. Beat ; Henryson, Preiching of 
 the Swallow, 1. 208. V.Bet. 
 
 BETTERIN, Bettryn, part. pr. and s. 
 Mending, improving, enriching ; whatever 
 is used for the purpose of enhancing the 
 value of goods ; Halyburton's Ledger, p. 
 120. 
 
 BETUIX, Betuich, prep. Betwixt, be- 
 tween. V. Betweesh. 
 
 BEUERYN, Beveren, part. pr. Tremb- 
 ling, wavering, full flowing : " with his 
 beveren berde," his full flowing beard ; 
 Awnt. Arthur, s. 28 ; " with beueryn lokkes," 
 with locks flowing or wavering in the wind ; 
 Morte Arthur, fol. 91^ V. Beveren. 
 
 Explanation defective and uncertain in the DiCT. 
 A.-S. bijian, to tremble; and cognate with Germ. 
 hehen. 
 
 BEUGH, Bew, s. a bough of a tree ; 
 
 A.-S. bdg, boh, from bugan, to bow or bend. 
 
 Syne ilk branch and heicgh bowit thaim till. 
 
 The Houlate, 1. 607, Asloan MS. 
 Bann. MS. has beio. Montgomery uses pi. beivs. 
 
BEU 
 
 [42] 
 
 BIL 
 
 BEUK, s. A book ; Burns, Jolly Beggars, 
 Compl. Scot. p. 67, E.E.T.S. V. Bum. 
 
 ^' The Beuk," the Bible, is common in Scot. Church- 
 literature of last century. 
 
 BEURE, pret. of here. Bore; Henryson, 
 Aige and Yowth, 1. 14. V. Bear. 
 
 BEUST, s. Grass two years old; applied 
 also to grass which, having stood through 
 winter, is somewhat withered ; hence the 
 adj. heusty^ half- withered ; Gall. 
 
 Beusty, adj. Applied to grass which is dry 
 and sapless, or somewhat withered ; Ibid. 
 
 " Is there a Galloway farmer who does not know 
 what a tuft of beusty grass is? Not one." Gall. Encycl. 
 
 BEVAR, s. A frail old person, one who 
 trembles or totters. V. Bever, v. 
 
 The ievar hoir said to this berly berne. 
 
 Henryson, Aige and Yowth, 1. 41. 
 
 BEVNE, Beun, prep, and adv. A form of 
 bune, boon, a contr. of abune, aboouy aboveuj 
 above, beyond, higher up or farther on than ; 
 Aberd., Banff. 
 
 " . . . to ony part beneath the Braidgntter, ane 
 penny Scots money, and bevne the Braidgutter, tua 
 pennies," &c. Burgh Kecs. Aberdeen, 22nd June, 
 1498. 
 
 From an Act fixing the charges for carrying goods 
 from the harbour to the burgh. 
 
 BEWSCHERIS, Bewschyris, s. pi. Lit. 
 
 fine gentlemen, i.e., knights, nobles, gallants. 
 
 Fr. beau sire, contr. of beau seigneur. 
 
 Than busk thaj but bliu, monye bewscheri^ 
 Graithess thame, but growching, that gait for to gane. 
 The Roulate, 1. 148, Bann. MS. 
 
 BEYR, s. and v. V. Beir, Bere. 
 
 To BEYT, V. a. To mend, repair; also 
 supply. V. Beit. 
 
 Betting, s. Repair. V. Beiting. 
 
 BIAND, part. Buying : Chalmerlan Air, ch- 
 8. v. By. 
 
 To BIBBLE, V. n. To shed tears ; also to 
 cry and sob ; part. pr. bibblin, weeping and 
 sobbing ; Aberd., Gall. V. Bubble. 
 
 In the counties of the Forth and Clyde Basins we 
 find the form bubble, as in the common phrase to bubble 
 an' greet; and in the South of Scot., particularly in 
 Galloway, we find bibble. In Aberd. both forms are 
 in use ; in and around Aberdeen it is bibble ; while in 
 the Buchan district it is bubble. 
 
 To BICK, Byke, v. n. To weep and sob, to 
 whinge ; West and South of S. Add. to 
 
 BiCK. 
 
 Bick is applied to the short, quick sounds made by a 
 child when sobbing and crying ; byke is applied to the 
 long drawn sobs that come after the crying has ended. 
 Hence the saying, "I'd rather see a bairn bickin than 
 bykin." 
 
 V. Bigonet. 
 
 the more common ; the 
 
 To BID BETTER, v. To desire, wish, or 
 pray for anything better. Addit. to Bid. 
 
 An' that there is, I've Uttle swither 
 About the matter : — 
 
 We cheek for chow shall jog thegither, 
 I'se ne'er bid better. 
 Bums, Ej>. to Major Logan, s. 8. 
 
 Bidding, Biddyng, s. 1. Command ; Bar- 
 bour, xvi. 312. V. Bid. 
 
 2. Invitation, request; as, '^Dinna need a 
 second biddin ;" "I got a bidding to the 
 wedding." 
 
 Bidden occurs in both senses in the Bible, and was s& 
 used by the best authors till the beginning of the seven- 
 teenth century. V. Bible Word-Book, p. 66. 
 
 From A.-S. beddan, to command. 
 
 BIE, s. A contr. for bield, a shelter. 
 
 BIEN, s. Wealthy, plentiful, well-provided. 
 V. Bene, Bein. 
 
 This form of the term was adopted by Ramsay, Fer- 
 
 §uson, and Burns. Even in rendering his stock of 
 cottish Proverbs, Ramsay used it ; for example — 
 *' Provision in season makes a bien house." S. Prov., 
 p. 59. 
 
 BIGGONET, s. 
 
 This form of the word is 
 other is the more correct. 
 
 To BIG ON, V. a. To increase, to secure, i.e. 
 
 the guards : a term in curling ; West and 
 
 South of S. 
 
 The term is thus explained in the Gallovidian Ency- 
 clopedia : — *' If a stone lies near the cock, and guarded, 
 yet thought to need a double guard, if not a triple, the 
 order from that side that has iyi the stone, is commonly 
 to big on, — to guard away— to " block the ice." P. 65. 
 
 BIKE, Byke, Bight, s. The bend of a hook ; 
 also, the hook at the end of the chain by 
 which a pot is suspended over a fire, or, the 
 hook or bend of the crook ; West of S. 
 Similar to E. bight. 
 A.-S. by'ge, a bend, bending, corner. 
 
 To BIKKYR, BiKKER, v. a. and n. To skir^ 
 
 mish, annoy ; Barbour, xvi. 102 ; Welsh^ 
 
 bier, a battle. V. Bicker. 
 BIL, Bill, Byl, s. A letter, billet, order 
 
 for payment ; compt bill, an account ; Accts. 
 
 L. H.'Treas., i. 19, 24, 93, 379. 
 
 BILFODDER, Bilfudder, s. Belly-fodder, 
 
 food, provisions : generally applied to the 
 
 grass, &c. cut from banks and hedges to 
 
 supply cattle ; West and South of S. 
 
 A.-S. bylg, the belly, &nd fodder, food. 
 This is an old term ; it occurs in Will, and Wer., 1. 
 1858. 
 
 BILL-AIX, s. A light hatchet for chopping 
 twigs and branches ; West of S ; bullaXy 
 Banffs. ; balax, Aberd, V. Balax. 
 
BIL 
 
 [43] 
 
 BLA 
 
 BILLHUIK, s. A hedge-bill, a bill-hook ; 
 West and South of S. 
 
 BILLOITTES, s. pi. Bullets ; Burgh Recs. 
 Peebles, 20 Sept., 1648; billots, billets; 
 West of S. 
 
 BILT, s. A short, dumpy person ; Ayrs., 
 Gall. ; adj. biltie, is also used. V. BiLTiE. 
 
 BILLY, s. A brother, companion, fellow ; 
 pi. billies has generally the sense of fellows, 
 chields, folk. V. BiLLiE. 
 
 To BIN, V. a. To bind, wrap, tie, tether : 
 " He was neither to bin nor baud," i.e. he 
 could not be controlled, he was mad with 
 rage : pret. ban, bun ; part. pt. bun ; West 
 
 of S.' 
 
 Bin'in, Binnin, part, adj.^ and s. Binding, 
 band, tether : as, bin'in corn, a binnin rape, 
 the cow brak f ra the bin in, i.e. the tether ; 
 
 West of S. 
 
 BiNDis, s.joZ. Bundles, bales ; goods made up 
 
 in bales. 
 
 ** — vesiater and serchare of the skynnis and hindia 
 thairof within the said burgh," &c. Burgh Rec. Edin- 
 burgh, 4 July, 1617. 
 
 BINWUD, s. Bindwood, a local name for 
 the woodbine or honeysuckle ; Gall. 
 
 Sing liey for the Binwvd tree, 
 O ! sing how for the Binwud tree ; 
 
 For there the lads and the lasses wad meet. 
 And daff 'neath the Binwud tree. 
 
 Song : Gall. Encycl., p. 70. 
 
 BIR, s. A cry or whizzing sound made by 
 birds. V. Bire. 
 
 The foullis ferlie tuke thair flicht anone. 
 Sum with ane bir thay braidit ouer the bent. 
 
 Henryson, Preiching of the Swallow, 1. 173. 
 
 BIRLAT, s. A lady's hood, the stuffed ron- 
 delet of a hood ; also, a standing neck or 
 ruff of a gown. 
 
 " Item, [1473], fra Will of Kerketle, ij elue j quar- 
 ter of satyne for tippatis, colaris, and birlatis, price 
 elne xxxs." «&c, Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 74. 
 
 Fr. hourlet, as above. The term was applied not 
 only to ladies' hoods, but also to those worn by gradu- 
 ates, lawyers, &c. V. Cotgrave. 
 
 To BIRSLE, V. n. To bristle ; to become 
 suddenly hot, angry, or defiant ; Gall. 
 From hirse, a birstle, q, v. A. -S. byrst, 
 Birsle and bristle is a similar transposition to firth 
 and frith. 
 
 BIRSYNET, s. A corr. of brisket, the 
 breast of an animal; Burgh Recs. Edin., 
 iv. 5. 
 Fr. brichet, brechet, the brisket ; Welsh, brysced, id. 
 
 BIRUN, part. adj. Bypast, overdue. V. 
 Byrun. 
 
 BISSOM, BissuM, BizzoM. V. Byssym. 
 
 BISSY, adj. Cross, ill-tempered, angry ; 
 easily provoked to anger, excitable, Orkn. 
 
 Generally applied to animals when tormented by 
 flies ; but sometimes the application to individuals is 
 not less suitable : bissy being simply the Lowl. Sc. 
 birsy. 
 
 BIT, Bit ta. Same as Be't, Bit ta, q. v. 
 
 BITHOCHT, 'pret. Bethought, considered, 
 reflected ; / betlioeht me, I reflected ; it bi- 
 thocht me, it struck me, flashed on my mind, 
 West of S. 
 
 BIWIST, s. Food, meal, provision. 
 
 Fell antour that he prayd Crist 
 
 To eet wit hini at his biivist. 
 
 And Crist that seknes fra him kest. 
 
 Metr. Horn., p. 16. 
 A. -S. biwist, id. 
 
 BIZZARD, s. A buzzard. Falco buteo, 
 Linn. Often, but wrongly, called the 
 bizzard gled. 
 
 Here is Satan's picture, 
 
 Like a bizzard gled, 
 Pouncing poor Redcastle, 
 
 Sprawlin' as a taed. 
 
 Barns, Buy Braw Troggin. 
 
 The bizzard and the ghd are properly two distinct 
 birds ; but the term gled is applied to all the birds of 
 the buzzard and kite family, in the same sense as hawk 
 is applied to both falcons and hawks. 
 
 BIZZIE, s. Bedding for a cow; Orkn. V. 
 Byss. 
 
 BLACK-BIDES, s. pi. Bramble-berries. 
 
 This name for bramble berries was given by Dr. 
 Jamieson as Blach-boyds ; but it is not so pronounced 
 in the districts in which the name is still used. 
 
 Bide may be from Gael, bideag, a crumb, morsel, 
 small thing ; because the berry consists of a great 
 number of small vessels. 
 
 BLACK BOOK, Black JBooks. A terra 
 
 used to imply disfavour, displeasure ; also, 
 
 debt. Used in South of England dialects 
 
 also. 
 
 A person who has offended a friend or neighbour in 
 some way, commonly expresses himself by saying, " I 
 ken I'm in his black-book : " i.e. I know I have offended 
 him, or, I am in disfavour with him. Also, a person 
 who owes money to another is said to be in his black- 
 books for so much. 
 
 BLACK JAUDY, s. Dirty faced lassie; 
 but generally applied to those girls who go 
 from house to house doing the lowest 
 kitchen work, — servants of servants : dim. 
 of jaude, E. jade. 
 
 Ilk tree-Ligg'd man, ilk club-taed laddie, 
 
 Ilk oily leary, 
 Ilk midden mavis, wee black j'audy, 
 A' dread an' fear ye. 
 James Ballantine, Wee Raggit Laddie, s. 7. 
 This term of contempt is prob. only an oblique use 
 of Sc. yad, yavd, an old horse. 
 
BLA 
 
 [44] 
 
 BLE 
 
 BLACK-NEB, s. A name for the carrion- 
 crow ; also called blackie, South and West 
 of S. Addit. to Black-neb. 
 
 This foul bird is known by the same name in the 
 North of England. V. Brookett'a Gl. 
 
 BLACK-PISH-MINNIES. s. pi. Black 
 pismires, Gall. 
 
 BLADDS, s. A disease like small-pox, Shetl. 
 Germ, hlattern. 
 
 BLAE-BOWS, 8. pi. Blue flax-bells, the 
 flowers of flax ; Gall. 
 
 BLAES, 8. pi. Marks left by measles, small- 
 pox, &c.; also marks of bruises, wounds, &c. 
 
 "The children were well at night and found dead in 
 the morning, with a little blood on their noses and the 
 hlaes at the roots of their ears, which were obvious 
 Bymptoms of strangling." Eenfrewshire Witches, 
 p. 150, Ed. 1877. 
 
 BLAISTRY, adj. Blustery, blustering; 
 driving wet. 
 
 Winter snell, 
 
 Couldna sit down and see sic waistry, 
 Sae out she spak' wi' gousty yell, 
 
 And storm d and grat sleet cauld and blaistry. 
 James Manson, Hong in Whistle Binkie, ii. 127. 
 
 To BLAIT, r. n. To bleat. 
 
 The selie Lamb culd do na thing hot hlait ; 
 Sone wes he deid ; etc. 
 
 Henry son. Wolf and Lamb, 1. 86. 
 
 A.-S. blcetan, Dutch blaten, to bleat ; Lat. balare. 
 
 BLAND, Blande, s. Blend, mixture; in 
 blandy blended, mingled ; as, *' quhite and 
 red in blande." V. Blane, v. 
 
 Blanda, 8. Lit. blended grain ; bear and 
 oats mixed and sown together, Orkn. and 
 Shetl. V. Blanded Bear. 
 
 Blanda Meal, «. 
 Gl. Orkn. Shetl. 
 
 To BLANDISE, Blandys, v. a. To coax, 
 flatter, wile ; Court of Venus, iv. 104. 
 
 BLASTIE, s. A hasty, impetuous, head- 
 strong person or animal ; an unmanageable 
 creature. Almost like E. bluster. 
 
 The fourth a Highland Donald hastie, 
 
 A d d red-wud Kilbumie hlastie. 
 
 Burns, The Inventory. 
 A.-S. hlceist, a blast, from bldwan, to blow, hence, to 
 bully. 
 
 Blasting, s. Puffing, blowing; boasting, 
 S. V. Blast. 
 
 BLATE, adj. Arduous, difficult, long and 
 weary, productive of little. Addit. to 
 Blait. 
 
 But yet his battle will be Mate, 
 Gif he our force refuse, 
 
 Montgomery, Chei-rie and Sloe, s. 87. 
 
 Meal made from blanda; 
 
 BLATHER, s. V. Blether. 
 
 BLAUD, 8. A large or great piece of any 
 thing, West of S.; a great or sudden blast 
 of wind is also called a blaud. Ibid. V. 
 Blad. 
 
 An' sets a' laughing at his blauds o' rhyme. 
 
 Alex. Wilson's Poems, p. 22, Ed. 1876. 
 
 To Blaud, v. a. To slap, beat, punish, mal- 
 treat ; also, break or knock to pieces, i.e., 
 drive to blauds. V. To Blad. 
 
 This day M'Kinlay taks the flail. 
 An' he's the boy will blaud her. 
 
 Burns, The Ordination, s. 2. 
 
 Blaud is the form and pron. of this word in the West 
 of S. ; blad, in the East ; and these forms illustrate a 
 well marked peculiarity of the dialects of those two 
 districts of the country. In the East the vowel sounds 
 are sharp and clear ; in the West, long and broad ; and 
 the consonant sounds differ accordingly. 
 
 To BLAW FISH, v. To dry fish by ex- 
 posure to the wind ; to cure fish without 
 salt; hence the terms blawn fishy blaton cod, 
 &c. Gl. Orkn. Shetl. 
 
 To BLAW FLESH. To inflate it in order 
 to make it appear richer and more solid. 
 
 Blawin' was a very common charge against fleshers 
 in olden times, and the magistrates had often to inter- 
 fere to prevent that trick of the trade. The following 
 is a specimen : — 
 
 "Item, it is statut and ordanit that all flescheouris 
 bring thair flesche to the mercet croce, . . . and 
 that thai blaiu nane thairof, nor yit let it doune nor 
 score it," &c. Burgh Eec. Peebles, 15 July, 1555. 
 
 A hundred and twenty years earlier the magistrates 
 of Aberdeen passed a similar law ; and entries of the 
 same kind are repeatedly met with in all our Burgh 
 Records. These enactments prove that the mutton and 
 beef of those days were inferior in quality and poor in 
 substance. 
 
 For other tricks of the fleshers see Letting Doun 
 Flesh, Scoring Flesh, and Breking Pais. 
 
 BLAW YE SOUTH. A veil'd and minced 
 oath, capable of almost any of the meanings 
 implied by such language. 
 
 The muckle devil Uaw ye south 
 If ye dissemble. 
 
 Burns, Earnest Cry, s. 4. 
 This peculiar expression has long been common in 
 the West of S., and is met with in the epistolary com- 
 positions of many of the poets belonging to that dis- 
 trict. Perhaps it is a record of the old enmity between 
 the Scots and the English, and originally implied 
 " blow you to England," i.e., send you among your 
 worst enemies. 
 
 BLEBANE, s. A form of Pleban, q. v. 
 
 BLECK, Blek, 8. 1. A person of a dark or 
 black complexion, a blackamore, a negro ; 
 also, a blackguard, a rascal. West and 
 South of S. 
 
 2. A particle of any black matter, as of coal, 
 soot, &c. ; pi. b leeks, bleks, is generally 
 applied to those flakes of soot which rise 
 
BLE 
 
 [ 45 ] B L I 
 
 from a smoky fire, and are so common in 
 the atmosphere of large towns during damp 
 weather; Ibid. 
 
 3. PI. blecks, mildew, smut; often called 
 hlecks amang wheat; Ibid. 
 
 Blek-tub, s. a tub for holding blacking, 
 i.e., the iron liquor used by curriers for 
 staining the surface of upper leather. 
 
 " item, a blek-tub furnyst, ane vly barrell with 
 
 ane vly chopin," &c. Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 17 Feb. 
 1541, Sp. C. 
 
 BLEDDEE, Bleddir, Blether, s. A 
 bladder; Compl. Scot., p. 65, E.E.T.S. 
 
 Bledder-Cheikis, Blether-Cheeks, s. pi- 
 Cheeks puffed out like a bladder ; Dunbar? 
 Compl. to King, 1. 23. Syn. huffy-cheeks. 
 
 BLEECH, 5. A smart stroke or blow with 
 the open hand, or with any flat surface ; 
 called also a hilch or hiUh ; when given with 
 a stick or cane it is called a hilt, guilt, or 
 whilt : a common but vulgar term. 
 
 BLEER'T AND BLIN'. Bleared and blind, 
 unfit to see or to be seen. 
 
 Duncan sigh'd baith out and in, 
 Grat his een baith bleer't and blin', 
 Spak o' lowpin o'er the linn ; 
 Ha, ha, the wooing o't. 
 
 Burns, Duncan Gray, st. 2. 
 
 O. Swed. and Dan. pUre, and blire, to blink ; and 
 Swed. and Dan. blind, A.-S. blind, without sight. 
 
 BLENKYNT, pret. Blinked, glanced; Bar- 
 bour, viii. 217 ; shone, lb. xi. 190. 
 
 This term is formed from the stem blink, with suflSx 
 nen, Goth, nan, which is often used to form verbs of a 
 neuter or passive sense. 
 
 BLENSHOUIN, s. Thin gruel; same with 
 Blenshaw, q.v., Perths. 
 
 To BLERE, Bler, v. a. V. Blear. 
 
 BLESIS, s. pi. Blazes, flames ; Barbour, iv. 
 129, 138. Edin. MS. 
 
 BLESS YOUR BANES, Blis Your Banis. 
 
 Lit. bless your bones, but commonly used to 
 express a wish or prayer for comfort and 
 prosperity to the party addressed, or a pro- 
 mise of future benefits in return for present 
 favour or aid. As, " Bless your banes for 
 that ;" i.e., Good luck to you for that fav- 
 our. " I'll bless your banes for that yet ; " 
 i.e., *' I'll do you a good turn for that some 
 day ; " or, " I'll do as much for you again." 
 
 The expression is very old, and prob. originated in 
 the idea of benefits obtained through pilgrimage to 
 shrines, relics, and bones of saints. The modern appli- 
 cation is much more limited than the ancient one, as 
 the following example from Henryson will show : — 
 
 Sen I hot playit, be gracious me till. 
 And I sail gar my freindis blis your banis. 
 
 The Wolf and the Wedder, 1. 125. 
 
 BLESSIT, adj. Bare, bald, white spotted ; 
 
 generally applied to animals having bald or 
 
 white spots or patches on their skin. In 
 
 Orkney and Shetland a white faced horse 
 
 or cow is called a blessit. 
 
 This is prob. the same as blassit, [blasnit, blazed, 
 having a blaze on the face or forehead ; from Dan. 
 blisset, id., also white faced. 
 
 BLETHER, Bledder, Blather, s. A 
 
 bladder; also, a person who talks long or 
 loudly, but to little purpose. Addit. to 
 Blether. 
 
 May gravels round' his blather wrench. 
 
 Burns, Scotch Drink, st. 17. 
 An' bid him burn this cursed tether. 
 An' for thy pains thou'se get my blather. 
 
 Ibid., Death'jof Poor Mailie. 
 . . . . he be spent 
 As tume's a blether. 
 
 Alex. Wilson's Poems, ii. 39. 
 
 A.-S. blcedr, Swed. bladdra, a blister, bladder. 
 
 BLEWING, pa7-t. as s. Blowing or raising 
 the price of an article, regrating. 
 
 " . . . in amerciament of court for the hlewmg of 
 meil and selling to alienatis. " Burgh Bees. Aberdeen, 
 i. 425, 7th June, 1497. 
 
 This is prob. only a fig. use of the v. to blow, to in- 
 flate. 
 
 BLEW-STONE, s. A bluish -coloured stone 
 
 of which tombstones were made ; hence, a 
 
 • tombstone. 
 
 " . . . and yherly to pay xl s, quhill he bryng 
 hame the blew stane til his fadre, and that to be raisit 
 be the sight and ordinance of his modre, and of Schir 
 Adam, and Thomas his brother, til syng for his fadre 
 saule at Sancte Duthawis altar." Burgh Bees. Aber- 
 deen, 19th Feb., 1450. 
 
 The stone referred to was probably a mountain 
 limestone. 
 
 BLIBBANS, s. pi. Strips of any soft or 
 slimy matter ; mostly applied to the larger 
 sea weeds that cover rocks at ebb tide; 
 Gall. 
 
 The term is also applied to large shreds of greens or 
 cabbage which careless or slovenly cooks put into 
 broth. Quite a common grumble of the ploughman to 
 the maid, as he leaves the kitchen after the breakfast, 
 is, "Now, Jenny, min', nae blibbans in the kail the 
 day." 
 
 BLIN, Blyn, s. Delay, hindrance; deceit, 
 guile : but blin, at once, straightway, with- 
 out fail; Houlate, 1. 148. V. Blin, v, 
 
 BLINOHAAIP, s. A game or amusement 
 of country boys in the South and West of 
 S. It consists in champing or breaking 
 birds' eggs blindfold. Blin-Stane, Clydes. 
 
 The amusement is thus described in the Gall. Encycl. : 
 "When a bird's nest is found, such as a Corbie's or 
 
BLI 
 
 [46] 
 
 BLU 
 
 Hoodicraw's, or some such bird tliat the people dislike, 
 the nest is harried and the eggs laid in a row a little 
 from each other on the grass. One of the players is 
 then blindfolded, and with a stick in hand marches 
 forth as he thinks right to the egg-row, and strikes at 
 it. Another tries the champing after him ; and so on, 
 until they thus blindfolded break them ; hence the 
 na.mQ blindchamp.^' P. 75. 
 
 BLINCHT (c as s), part. adj. Blanched, 
 pale-faced, sickly looking. 
 
 And there will be Geordie M 'Cowrie, 
 And blinking daft Barbra and Meg, 
 
 And there will be hlincht Gillie- Whimple, 
 And peuter-fac't flitching Joug. 
 
 Fr. Sempill, The Blythsoine Wedding, s. 6. 
 
 BLINK, s. A ray, gleam, glow ; a glance, 
 glimpse, also, the time occupied by it ; 
 hence, a short time, a little while ; a kindly 
 glance, also the influence of it ; a gleam of 
 hope or prosperity during adversity, &c. 
 V. Blenk. 
 
 This term is common in E. in the sense of a glance, 
 gleam, or glow of light j as, a blink of sunshine, the ice- 
 blink. 
 
 Blinker, s. One who blinks, jinks, 
 cheats, or decoys in whatever way ; one who 
 shirks or evades his fair share of drink in a 
 company of merry-makers ; also applied by 
 Burns to an exciseman, because he cheats 
 the home-maker of liquor whenever he can. 
 A term of contempt. V. Blink, v. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson questioned the correctness of Bums* 
 definition of this term as one of contempt. V. Dict. 
 He would not have done so had he remembered the , 
 following passages : and besides, the term is still so 
 used in the West of S. 
 
 Ochon for poor Castalian drinkers. 
 When they fa' foul o' earthly jinkers, 
 . The witching, curs'd, delicious blinkers 
 Hae put me hyte, 
 And gart me weet my waukrife winkers 
 Wi' girnin' spite. 
 
 Burns, Ep. to Major Logan. 
 
 Here the blinkers are the ladies, of whom he speaks as 
 decoyers, jilters, &c., who have driven him crazy. 
 The next example requires no explanation : 
 Thae curst horse-leeches o' the Excise, 
 Wha mak' the whisky stells their prize ; 
 Haud up thy han', Deil ! ance, twice, thrice ! 
 
 There, seize the blinkers I 
 An' bake them up in brunstane pies 
 For poor d— d drinkers. 
 
 Ibid., Scotch Drink. 
 
 Blinkin, part. pr. Winking, smirking, peep- 
 ing; looking on in a stupid, half-dazed, 
 idle manner ; as, " Blinkin baudrons by the 
 ingle sits." 
 
 Here stands a shed to fend the show'rs, 
 
 An' screen our countra gentry ; 
 There, race'r Jess an' twa three w-^s 
 
 Are blinkin at the entry. 
 
 Bums, HolylFair. 
 
 Blinks. 7he Blinks were short periods of 
 revival and refreshing which the persecuted 
 hillmen enjoyed between the years 1669 and 
 
 1679 — from the gi'anting of the Act of In- 
 dulgence to the murder of Archbishop 
 Sharp. V. Blenk, s. 9. 
 
 ' ' When men listened to a minister who was risking 
 his life to preach to them, and when they saw on the 
 rising grounds around sentinels watching for the ap- 
 proach of enemies before whom they themselves might 
 fall, they could not but give unusual heed to the word 
 spoken. The result was that deep impressions were 
 often made, and that that decade was ever afterwards 
 remembered as a time of blessing and revival. It was 
 the season of The Blinks, as they were called." Walker, 
 Scot. Church Hist., pp. 80-1. 
 
 BLIN-STANE, s. Same as Blinchamp : 
 only, a stone is used instead of a stick : 
 Clydes. 
 
 BLOCK THE ICE. A curling term with 
 same meaning as " Big on," q. v.; run up 
 guards round a well-placed stone, to prevent 
 an opponent taking it out ; West and South 
 of S. 
 
 BLODWITE. V. Bluidveit, Bludwite. 
 BLONKS, s. pi. Horses, steeds. 
 
 This term is not explained in Dict. ; but a passage is 
 given in illustration, of which the following line is the 
 only one worth quoting : — 
 
 As spreitles folks on blonks houffit on hicht. 
 
 King Hart, i. 22, 
 
 The note on houffit is a mistake and altogether mis- 
 leading. The word means tarried, lingered, hovered, 
 or hung about, and occurs frequently in Bruce, Wal- 
 lace, and similar poems. Blonks, too, is simply the pi, 
 of hlonk, which is correctly explained in the preceding 
 article. The term originally meant a white or gray 
 horse (Fr. blanc), but was afterwards used as a general 
 name for that animal, V. Guest, Eug. Rhythms, 
 p. 459, note 5, ed. 1882. 
 
 BLOTS, s. Foul, dirty, or spent water ; 
 Orkn. Shetl. V. Blouts. 
 
 To BLOWT, Blout, v. a. and n. To belch 
 
 or throw out with force ; applied to liquids, 
 
 as, " The bung bowtit out, and the yill 
 
 hlowtit af ter't ; " West of S. Cf . Bluff. 
 
 In a passage of the Insulted Pedlar, Wilson uses 
 this term with great skill : unfortunately quotation is 
 unsuitable. 
 
 Blouts, s. pi. The noise made by porridge, 
 broth, &c. when boiling over a strong fire ; 
 the portions ejected from a pot or cauldron 
 of fiercely boiling water, &c. ; also, the foul 
 water thrown from a washing tub ; West of 
 S. 
 "Keep yonr blouts for your ain kailyard," is still 
 said to a person who is making a present of some use- 
 less or used-up article. The expression refers to the 
 thrifty practice of using the blouts, or dirty soap suds, 
 as guidin or manure for the kail-yard. 
 
 BLUCHANS, s. pi. Name given to those 
 small fish which children catch in rock pools 
 in the South of S. V. Blichen. 
 
BLU 
 
 [47] 
 
 BOD 
 
 Most prob. this is another form of Blichen, a little 
 thing, a fragment, and connected with Gael, bloigh, 
 hloidh, a fragment, a wee thing. 
 
 BLUD, Blude, s. Blood. V. Bluid. 
 
 " Item, giff ony of the brether of the gyld thru viol- 
 ence drawis hlud of ane othir, he sail amend wyth xx 
 8.," &c. La wis of the Gild, ch. 7. 
 
 Bludwite, Bludwyte, BjiUDEWETE, Bluid- 
 WEiK, Blodwite, Blodwyte, Blode- 
 WiTE, s. The fine or amerciament for 
 bloodshed; also, the right to uplift this fine 
 within a certain district. Addit. to Bluid- 
 
 VEIT. 
 
 For particulars regarding this term see Skene, De 
 Verb. Signif., and Cosmo Innes, Scotch Leg. Antiq., 
 p. 60. 
 
 BLUE, s. A vulgar name for whisky, and 
 other spirits ; West of S. 
 
 Misfortunes on ilk ithers' backs, 
 
 Come roarin' whyles aroun' me ; 
 For comfort to the hhce I rax. 
 Or aiblins they might drown me. 
 
 Alex. Wilson's Poems, p. 98, ed. 1876. 
 Blue ruin, the Eng. slang term for gin, is now often 
 applied to whisky in S. 
 
 BLUE, adj. True-blue, complete, thorough, 
 
 perfect, out and out; as, " a true-blue Scot ;" 
 
 Burns, Earnest Cry. 
 
 Almost the oiily material from which a dyer can ob- 
 tain a fast-blue is indigo ; but its costliness has made 
 the workman try various substitutes which produce re- 
 sults apparently equal to those of the costlier dye- 
 stufif. Such colours having been found to be all more 
 or less fugitive came to be called " not the true blue ; " 
 and the frequency of the experience no doubt led to 
 the adoption of the term true-blue, as equivalent to 
 complete, thorough, real, and as an emblem of con- 
 stancy. This use of the term is very old. V. Chau- 
 cer's Squieres Tale, 1. 644, and note, Clar. Press, ed. 
 
 To BLUFF, Blugh, v. a, and n. To blow 
 in jerks or puffs from the mouth, to blow 
 small objects by means of a tube; as, to bluj^ 
 peas. V. Fluff. 
 
 About the end of autumn schoolboys often amuse 
 themselves by bluffing haw-stones at each other by 
 means of a small tin tube, called a bluffer, or bhigher, 
 pluffer or plugher. In country districts the tube is made 
 from a stalk of the cow-parsnep or water-dropwort. 
 
 Bluffer, Blugher, s. See note above. 
 
 BLUMF, Blumph, s. A dull, stupid person 
 who can't or won't express himself, Gall, 
 and Ayrs. ; same with Sumph, q. v. 
 
 BLUNKER, s. A bungler, one who spoils 
 everything he meddles with; Scott, Guy 
 Mannering, ch. 3. Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 This may be a corr. of bungler, or of blunderer, most 
 prob. of the former by transposition. It certainly has 
 no connection with blunks, blank pieces of cloth for 
 printing, with which Dr. Jamieson related it ; and even 
 were it so formed, it could not mean a printer, as he 
 stated. It may, however, be related to hlunk, a vulgar 
 corr. of block, which is often applied to a big, stout, 
 
 stupid person, by way of contempt ; West and North 
 of S. 
 
 BLUNKS, s. pi. A corr. of blanks; and 
 when the pieces of calico are printed they 
 are said to be filled. Addit. to Blunks. 
 
 To BLUSH, Blusch, Blysch, v. n. To 
 look, gaze, stare. 
 
 The kynge blyBched on the beryne with his brode eghne. 
 
 MorteArth., L 116. 
 A better barbican that burne hlusched upon never. 
 
 Green Kn., 1. 793. 
 
 Blink and blush are often used synon. ; but they 
 really are quite different terms ; blink is to glance, and 
 blush is to gaze, or look boldly. 
 
 Blush, Blusch, s. A look, gaze; also, a 
 gleam, glow, gush of light. 
 
 To bide a blysful blusch of the bryght sunne. 
 
 Green Kn. , 1, 620. 
 
 BLUTTER, V. and s. A corr. of Blatter, q. v. 
 
 Blutter, s. a rash and noisy speaker. 
 Addit. to Blatter. 
 
 A common term still in the West of S. 
 
 BLWMYS. s. pi. Blooms, flowers. Barbour, 
 V. 10. 
 
 BLYD-MEAT, Blyid-Meat, s. V. Blithe- 
 meat. 
 
 To BLYN, Bltne, v. n. To cease ; Dunbar, 
 Twa Mariit Wemen, 1. 428. V. Blin. 
 
 BOATSTICK, Boitstaik, s. The pole of 
 a small boat ; used for punting or for sett- 
 ing a hght sail. The mast of a small fish- 
 ing boat is still called the stick. 
 
 " . . . tuik in his hand ane grit aik trie, being 
 the boitstaik of his boit, and offerit maist barbarouslie 
 to stryk the said Thomas thairwith, wer not he wes 
 hinderit be uther guid nychtbouris," &c. Reg. Priv. 
 Council, vi. 238. 
 
 A.-S. bat, a boat, and sticca, a stick, ""staff, pole. 
 
 BOCHLE, s. A var. of Bauchle, but gener- 
 ally applied to a female with lar^e, clumsy 
 feet ; also, to one who is continually bother- 
 ing about; Gall. 
 
 BOCHT, Bought, Boycht, pret. and part. 
 pt. Bought ; Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 28, 
 93, 235. 
 
 BOCKIE, s. A bogle, goblin, Orkn. and 
 Shetl. A colloquial form of Bogle. 
 
 BODACH, s. An old man ; but used by 
 Scott and others in the sense of a spectre, 
 bugaboo ; sometimes also as a familiar name 
 for the devil. 
 Gael, bodach, an old man. 
 
 BODDLE, s. A coin. V. Bodle. 
 
BOD 
 
 [48] 
 
 BON 
 
 BODUM, BODOUM, s. Bottom, bottom of 
 a tub, barrel, or other such vessel ; also used 
 for the vessel itself, and for ship, vessel, 
 craft. 
 
 The application of this term to a ship, vessel, &c., 
 which is still common, is of long standing. In the 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, of date 23 May, 1522, is the 
 following : — 
 
 " That the gudis now being in Aberdene, quhilkia 
 war inbrocht one ane HoUanderis bodum, allegit to be 
 ane Frenchman price," &c. 
 
 BOD WIN NALIS, s. pi. Prob. errat. for 
 bodum nalis, bottom nails, i.e., nails for bot- 
 tom planking, or sheathing of vessels; 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 254. 
 
 BODYN, part. pt. Bidden, urged, chal- 
 lenged ; Barbour, vii. 103. 
 
 The sense of this form as here used is bidden to 
 battle, challenged to fight ; A.-S. beddan, to bid, part, 
 pt. boden. 
 
 BOFFET, BoFFET-STDLE, s. A kind of 
 
 foot-stool. V. BUFFETSTOOL. 
 
 This term is still used in various districts of Eng- 
 land. 
 
 BOGBEAN, s. A flowering plant common 
 
 in bogs and marshes : Menyanthes trif oli- 
 
 ata, Linn., E. huckhean. 
 
 This marsh-plant, so named from its bean-like appear- 
 ance, is often called the marsh trefoil. It has a beau- 
 tiful flower, and is much favoured by herbalists. In 
 the West of S. a decoction of bogbean and strong ale 
 is used as a cure for jaundice; and Withering, after 
 describing the plant, says, " This beautiful plant is 
 possessed of powerful medicinal properties : an infusion 
 of the leaves is extremely bitter, and is prescribed in 
 rheumatisms and dropsies ; it may be used as a substi- 
 tute for hops in making beer." British Plants, ed. 
 Macgillivray, p. 131. 
 
 BOIRBREVE, Borbreive, s. Lit. a hirth- 
 brieve, or formal certificate of descent, 
 granted to merchants or gentlemen who 
 had settled or intended to settle abroad. It 
 was a means of securing their social posi- 
 tion in their new abode, and was granted 
 under the great seal or the seal of a burgh. 
 
 •• ... the previe seall, callit the seall of caup, 
 quhairwith the testimoniallis and boirbrevis that passia 
 to uther pairtis beyond sey ar seallit," &c. Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, 26 Nov. 1593. 
 
 Du. geboortehrief, a birth-brieve : for specimens of 
 which, V. Misc. Spalding Club, vol. v. 
 
 BOISE, Bois, Boiss, s. A bottle, jar. V. 
 Boss. 
 
 BOIST, Boast. Boist be blawin, the threat- 
 ening be blown past, danger or difficulty be 
 gone or got over ; Lyndsay, Thrie Estaitis, 
 1. 2287, Bann. MS., Court of Venus, iv. 
 306. 
 
 But barrat or bost, without strife or bullying ; Houl- 
 ate, 1. 332. V. BoiST. 
 
 BOITSTAIK, s. V. Boatstick. 
 
 BOKIE-BLINDIE, s. Blind-buck : a game 
 similar to Blind Man's Buff; Orkn. Shetl. 
 V. Blind Harib. 
 
 BOLL-KAIL, s. Cabbage : common pron. 
 is bow-kail', Corshill Baron Court Book, 
 Ayr and Wigton Arch. Coll., iv. 185. 
 
 BOLLE CUSTOM, s. Dues levied on grain 
 brought to port or market ; a duty of so 
 much per boll ; Burgh Rec. Edinburgh, 
 1453, i. 14. 
 
 BOM, BOME, BoMSPAR, s. A boom, spar, 
 or beam; also, a spar for a gate, or for 
 shutting in. 
 
 '*. . to mak yettis of tre vpoun the tua eist 
 portis, and als to mak bomis at the west end of the 
 castelget and wther places of the town neidfuU." 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 17 Oct., 1562. 
 
 " Bomsparres the hundreth, xli." Haly burton's 
 Ledger, p. 291. 
 
 Sw. bom, Du. boom, Germ, baum, a boom. 
 
 BOMBART, Bombard, s. A large gun, a 
 cannon. 
 
 "Item, [a.d. 1496], for ij bowschis to a bombart 
 quhele, vs." Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 294. 
 
 •'Item, that samyn day, [10th Apr. 1497], giffin to 
 Johne Mawar, elder, in part payment of the quhelis 
 making to the bombardis and Mons, iiij. lib." Ibid., i. 
 328, Dickson. 
 
 M. T^at. bombarda. Before the invention of cannon 
 this name was applied to the balista. 
 
 BONAT, BONET, s. A sail. V. Bonett. 
 
 BOND, s. A boundary, limit ; pi. bondis, 
 bounds, boundaries. 
 
 " Item, gif the merkis and bondis of the burgh be 
 well kepit til ilk man." Chalmerlan Air, ch. 28. 
 
 0. Fr. bonne, a limit, boundary, from L. Lat. bodina, 
 bonna, a bound, limit. Gael, bonn is prob. related to 
 this root, if not a contracted form of it. V. Bound, 
 Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 BONDE, Bond, Boond, s. 1. A bondman, 
 serf. 
 
 " Gif ony man fyndis his bonde in the fayre, the 
 whilk is fra hym fled, whil the pace of the fayr is 
 lestande he may nocht of lauch chace na tak hym. " 
 Burgh Lawis, ch. 88. 
 
 This word has generally been derived from the verb 
 to bind ; but it is also connected with L. Lat. bond- 
 agium, a form of tenure : hence bondman, or in earlier 
 times bonde, one holding under this tenure. 
 
 2. A husbandman ; and in Shetl. is still used 
 
 in the sense of peasant, small farmer. 
 
 A.-S. bonda, from Icel. bdndi, a husbandman, from 
 bila, to till. V. Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 To BONE, V. a. To pray, beseech, implore ; 
 to solicit, crave. V. Bone, s. 
 
 This term is common in O. E. in the sense to pray, 
 &c. ; as in the formulary, " Lef fader ic the bone." 
 But as it passed into everyday use the meaning 
 degenerated to solicit, crave, beg ; and in the West of 
 
BON 
 
 [49] 
 
 BOR 
 
 S. it is now used in the sense of to button-hole, to dun ; 
 as, "I'll bone ye for my fairin the morn." 
 
 BONELLO, s. A corr. of Bonalais, q. v. 
 Gall. 
 
 BONTETH, s. V. Bounteth. 
 
 BOO, V. and s. V. Bu. 
 
 Boo-Cow, Boo-Man, s. V. under Bu. 
 
 BOOIN, BouiN, Bum, s. Forms of Bowm, 
 q. V. 
 
 To BOOK, Beuk, Buik, v. a. To enter, en- 
 rol, register, record in the books of a burgh, 
 kirk -session, presbytery, &c. Addit. under 
 Book, v. 
 
 Booking, Bookin, Beukin, Buikin, s. 1. 
 
 Enrolment, recording ; generally applied to 
 
 the act of recording in the books of a burgh, 
 
 kirk-session, presbytery, &c.. 
 
 Booking, as defined in DiCT., refers to kirk-session 
 books only. 
 
 2. The feast or merry-making held in the 
 
 home of the bride after the act of hooking 
 
 has been accomplished. 
 5. A peculiar tenure of certain lands in the 
 
 burgh of Paisley ; also, a holding under this 
 
 tenure. 
 
 ' ' Convc yances of such lands are similar to those of 
 proper feudal or burgage subjects, except that, in 
 place of tiie obligation to infeft, they contain an obli- 
 gation ' to book and secure. ' . . The Register of 
 Bookings is kept in the Burgh by the Town Clerk, and 
 the Register books remain permanently under his cus- 
 tody." Bell's Law Diet. 
 
 This form of tenure is now peculiar to Paisley. 
 
 BOOL, BouL, s. A ball, marble, bullet, 
 
 cannon ball, &c. S. 
 
 " . . the maisteris of artillierie to provyd boolis, 
 slottia," &c. Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 17 Oct. 1542. 
 
 BOOLIE, BowLOCH, adj. Crooked, de- 
 formed, bandy-legged. West of S. V. 
 
 BOWLIE. 
 
 BoOLiE, BowLOCH, s. A person who is de- 
 formed or bandy-legged. V. Bowlie. 
 
 While both forms are used in the West of S., Bow- 
 loch is the one most common in Gall. 
 
 BOOND, s. a peasant, a small farmer ; 
 
 Shetl. Sw. and Dan. bonde, id. V. Bonde. 
 
 Boondsfolk, s. Peasantry, countrypeople ; 
 Shetl. 
 
 BOORTKEE, Boortrie, s. V. Bourtree. 
 
 Also used as an adj. as, a boortrie bush, a boortrie 
 gun. 
 
 To BOOTCH, BouTCH, Bitch, v. a. To 
 botch, bungle, muddle; West of S. E. 
 botch. 
 
 O.L. Germ, botsen, Dutch botsen, to beat, repair. 
 (Sup.) G 
 
 BooTCH, BouTCH, BiTCH, 5. A botch, 
 bungle, muddle; Ibid. 
 
 BooTCHER, Boutcher, Bitcher, s. a 
 
 botcher, bungler, muddler; Ibid. 
 
 BOOTIE, Booty, s. A square of flannel 
 
 doubled cornerwise, and worn over head 
 
 and shoulders by women ; Orkn. 
 
 Prob. so called because boot or bent double, and then 
 bent over the head of the wearer ; or it may be simply 
 boot, about. V. Boutook. 
 
 BOOTING, s. Booty. V. Buiting. 
 
 BORBREIVE, Borbrief, s. V. Boirbreve. 
 
 BORCLATHIS, «. pi. Board-cloths, table- 
 cloths; Halyburton's Ledger, p. 159. 
 
 BORDONIT, part. pt. Bordered, braided, 
 embroidered; Court of Venus, i. 119. 
 
 A corr, of bordurit, bordered, edged, tipped, or of 
 brodurit, embroidered : like brodinstar, browdinstar, 
 an embroiderer. 
 
 Bord still means border, edge ; the ornamental 
 strip of which a border is made ; the braid with whifth 
 an edge is bound or welted : and a bord is often called 
 a bording or bordin. 
 
 BORDURE, s. A border, rim, edge. 
 
 . . . . his basnett birneschet full bene, 
 With a bordure aboute, alle of brynte golde. 
 
 Awnt. Arthur, i. 30. 
 Mis-read brandur in Pinkerton's edit. 
 
 BORLY, BoRLiE, adj. Stout, strong, large- 
 bodied. V. Burly. 
 
 BORN, Borne, s. This term represents, 
 1. a burn, scald; 2. a burn, stream; 3. a 
 barn, granary; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 
 Glasgow, Prestwick, etc. 
 
 BORN-BROTHER, Borne-Brither, s. 
 
 Brother by the same father, step-brother. 
 
 ". . . excommunicate Ishmael who could not 
 abyde his borne brother Isaac during the lyfetyme of 
 their common father Abraham," etc. Blame of Kirk- 
 buriall, ch. xv. 
 
 BOROW, s. A burgh; Burgh Laws, ch. 
 
 31. V. BURCH. 
 BOROWAGE, BUROWAGE, BuRRAIGE, S. A 
 
 burgh-holding. Used also as an ac//., imply- 
 ing burghal, pertaining to a burgh. 
 
 "That is to say that ilke burges sail gey ff to the 
 kyng for his boroioage at he deffendis, for ilke rud of 
 land V d be yhere." Burgh Lawis, ch. 1. 
 
 " . . . with liberteis, priuileges, & fre buroroage 
 like as," etc. Charters of Peebles, 28 Oct., 1473. 
 
 " . . . takkisman of the burraige custum of 
 Peeblis set to him by the baillies," etc. Burgh Bees. 
 Peebles, 1 Feb,, 1571. 
 
 Borow-Grefp, s. V. Burgh- Greve. 
 
 BoROWMEN, s. Burgh-men, burgesses ; Burgh 
 Lawis, ch. 13. 
 
BOR 
 
 [50] 
 
 BOU 
 
 BORKELL-LOONS, s, pL Wild or mis- 
 
 chieyous country lads ; Sir W. Scott. 
 
 O. Fr. borel (=Fr. bureau) from Lat. borellus, coarse, 
 rude, vulgar. 
 
 To BORROW, u. a. To pledge, pawn, put 
 away, lay aside. Add it. to Borrow. 
 
 It makis me all blythnes to borrow ; 
 My panefull purs so prikillis me. 
 
 Dunbar, To the King, 1. 4. 
 
 BOSIE, BOSY, s. An endearing form of 
 hosom. 
 
 ! dinna me tak 
 
 Frae that bosy awa ; 
 Dinna ask your wee laddie 
 
 To try the stirk's sta' ! 
 
 Ballantine, The StirKi Sta'. 
 
 BOSIT, part. adj. Hollowed; in the form of 
 
 a case or cover; also, embossed. V. Bos. 
 
 *' . . . sal be made a brase for his lair in bosit 
 werk," etc. Charters of Edinburgh, 11 Jan., 1454-5. 
 
 BOSSIE, Baussie, s. V. Bassie. 
 
 BOST, s. V. BoiST, Boist. 
 
 BOT. 1. As a conj., but, lest, unless. 
 
 2. As Si prep., without, except. 
 
 3. As an adv., only. 
 
 Both defin. and etym. of this term as given in Dicr. 
 are misleading. It is simply a form of E. but, which 
 is fully explained in Wedgwood's Etym. Diet, 
 
 BOT, s. A bolt, or staple ; pi. bottis, Burgh 
 Rec, Peebles, 1626-7 : the term is still 
 applied to those kneed bolts on which doors 
 and window-shutters are hung. 
 
 " Item, for a bot of irue, and leyd, and til a masson 
 to mak a hoylle and put the bot in, viij d." Accts. 
 L. H. Treas., i. 184. 
 
 BOTCARD, s. Errat. in Dict. for Bottard, 
 q.v. The definition, however, is coi-rcct. 
 
 BOTKIN, s. A small knife; originally a 
 
 small dagger ; Dunbar, Freiris of Berwik, 
 
 1. 176. 
 
 This term occurs in Chaucer as boydekin or boydehyn 
 (var. ed.); and in Shakespeare as bodkin. Ham, iii. I : 
 it generally meant a small dagger, Gael, biodag, a 
 dirk, dagger : from which bodkin or botkin is formed 
 aa a dimin, 
 
 BOTTANO, s. A kind of linen; Haly- 
 burton's Ledger, p. 318. V. Botano. 
 
 BOTTARD, Battard, Batter, s. A small 
 cannon. V. Battart. 
 
 BOUCHER, s. Butcher, hangman. 
 
 Syne furth him led, and to the gallons gais, 
 And at the ledder fute his leif he tais ; 
 The Aip was boucher, and bad him sone ascend, 
 And hangit him : and thus he maid his end. 
 
 Henry son. Pari, of Beisiis, 1. 300, 
 O. Fr. boucher, bouchier, a butcher, slaughterman, 
 and hence a hangman. 
 
 BOUGE, BowGE, Bougie, s. A bag, tra- 
 velling bag, portmanteau. Hence its 
 secondary meaning, the allowance of pro- 
 visions from the king or lord to the 
 knights, squires, &c., who attend him in 
 an expedition; cf. Skelton's poem called 
 "The Bowge of Court." Addit. to Bouge. 
 
 This term is not properly defined in the DiCT. For 
 other forms, v. Gloss. Halyburton's Ledger. 
 
 BOUGH, BoAVGH, BuGH, s. Budge, lamb's 
 fur, lambskin with the wool dressed; Haly- 
 burton's Ledger, p. 37, 74. V. Buge, 
 
 BOUKE, s. Errat. in Dict. for bonke, bank, 
 brae, hill-side, or height; pi. honhes. 
 
 A simple but strange mistake ; as the phrase 
 " honkes so bare " is of frequent occurrence in these 
 poems. The passage corrected is — 
 
 To byker at thes baraynes in bonkes so bare. 
 
 Sir Gaivan and Sir Oal. , i. 4. 
 The form boncke occurs in Layamon, but in Ormulum 
 and later M'orks it is banke. It is said to be from A.-S. 
 banc ; but only banca is found, meaning bench. V, 
 Skeat's Etym. Dict. 
 
 BOULK, Boulke, Bowk, s. Body, frame, 
 bulk, size ; Blame of Kirkburiall. V. BouK. 
 
 BOULGETE, Bowlgiet, Bougiet. V. 
 
 BULGET. 
 
 These are diminutive forms of bouge, which in Haly- 
 burton's Ledger are applied to various kinds of bag, 
 mail, or case for covering or packing goods, 
 
 O, Fr, boulgette, bougette, bouge, a budget, wallet, 
 &c, Cotgr, E. budget. 
 
 To BOULT, Bout, Bowt, v. a. To bolt or 
 
 clean grain, meal or flour ; E. bolt. 
 
 "Excemo, "to sift or boult," Duncan's Appendix 
 Etymologise, 1595. 
 
 BouLT, Bout, Bowt, Bouat, Bouet, s. A 
 
 bolter or sieve for grain, etc. 
 
 Boultclaith, s. Bolting cloth ; Halybur- 
 ton's Ledger, p. 291. V. Boutclaith. 
 
 Boultit, Bouttit, Bout, part. pa. Bolted, 
 sifted, cleaned ; applied to grain. 
 
 *' . . . breid that he guid stuf, fresche, veill 
 bouttit, and without mixtiour, and veill bakin ; " etc. 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 9th August, 1549, Sp, C. 
 
 The contr. form bout is still common in the West of 
 S. ; as in testing meal or flour a farmer will say — 
 "Aye, that's bonnie, weel-bout stuff," 
 
 BOURCHT, s. Surety, bail. V. Borgh, 
 
 BORCH. 
 
 " , . . like ane of the forsaide masonnys is othiris 
 bourcht," etc. Charters of Edinburgh, 29 Nov., J 387. 
 
 BOUSING, part. pr. Drinking, swilling. 
 
 While we sit bousing at the nappy, 
 An' getting fou and unco happy. 
 
 Burns, Ta7n 0' Shanter. 
 
 BOUSSIE, BoossiE, adj. Flabby, puffed 
 up ; Whistle Binkie, i. 293. V. Bouzy. 
 
BOU 
 
 [51] 
 
 BOW 
 
 BOUT, BowT, s. A bolt, round, roll ; a roll 
 of cloth especially of fustian, canvas, etc., 
 containing twenty-eight ells ; West of S. : 
 pi. bouttis, Haly burton's Ledger. 
 
 BOUT, BowT, s. and v. V. Boult. 
 
 BOUTGATE, Boutgang, Boutgain, Bou- 
 TiNG, Boutin, s. Lit. a going about, the 
 extent of an about or si round : hence, the 
 act of making it; the distance traversed, 
 the time occupied, or the work done, during 
 the round. Thus, in mowing, a boutgate or 
 bouting is the space gone over or the work 
 done with one sharp, i.e., one sharpening of 
 the scythe ; in ploughing it means two fur- 
 rows, the out and the return one. From 
 these come the secondary meanings, a turn- 
 ing round in action, a turning back, doubling, 
 circumventing ; a complete or sudden 
 change, alteration, vicissitude ; a round 
 about or circuitous way. Addit. to Bout- 
 gate. 
 
 " . . . that neyther prescriptioa of tyme, rsuca- 
 pion of person, nor boutgate of circumstance can giue a 
 regresse, if this greedie world could be induced to 
 beleue." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. xix. 
 
 This terra is not sufficiently explained in the DiCT. 
 The definitions are based on secondary meanings. 
 
 BOW, s. and v. Buoy, Shetl. ; but in many 
 of the fishing districts of Scotland the term 
 is so pronounced. 
 
 BOWALLIS, s. pi. Prob. an errat. for 
 BowNDis, bounds. 
 
 " . . . thairfor the counsell, seeing the fornamet 
 thrie persones remaning obstinat, and travelland dalye 
 to raiss vproir, sisme, and diuisioun within this burght 
 and boivalUs thairof . , . gif remeid war uocht 
 provydit for correcting of the saidis licentius persones, 
 . . . it was ordanit, consentit, and grantit to, that 
 na burgess of gild set ony duelling houss or buitht to 
 ony of thame, nor keip secretis witht thame, or gif 
 thame ony labour or manuall exercitioun of thair craft 
 in tyme cuming," etc. Burgh Records Aberdeen, 13 
 Feb., 1581. 
 
 The term occurs again near the close of this record 
 in a similar sense, which tends to confirm the rendering 
 given above. 
 
 BOW- DRAUGHT, s. A bow-shot, an 
 arrow's flight; Barbour, vii. 19. 
 
 BOWING CHAFFS. Lit. bending chafts, 
 i.e., distorting the features, pulling faces, 
 making grimaces ; Orkn. 
 
 BOWL GET, BowLGiET, s. V. Boulgete. 
 
 BOWLIS, s. pi. 1. Balls, knobs. 
 
 "Item, giffin for ij tynnyt bandis'^and viij howlis for 
 trestis for the costing burd, xxxij d." Accts. L. H. 
 Treas., i. 295. 
 
 2. A game, called also lang bowlis, and nine 
 pins. V. Lang-Bowlis, and Kile. 
 
 "Item, that samyn nycht, in Sanctaudros, to the 
 King to play at the lang boiulis, xviij s." Accts. L. H. 
 Treas. (28 Apr., 1497), i. 332. 
 
 Bowl-Money, Bow-Money, s. Same 
 as Ba Siller, q.v., llenfrews., Lanarks. 
 
 BOWRTRE, Bortree, s. V. Bourtree. 
 
 BOWSOH, s. The bush of a wheel. V. 
 Bush. 
 
 "Item, for ij bowschis to a bombart quhele v s." 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 294. 
 
 BOWSIE, Bowse, s. The name of a huge, 
 misshapen, hairy monster invoked by foolish 
 mothers and nurses to frighten obstinate 
 and troublesome children. 
 
 This silent, ugly, awful monster, with piercing eyes, 
 and ears that can hear the slightest sound, whom no 
 door or lock can keep out, and who comes and goes 
 like the wind, is represented as ever on the watch for 
 bad children, whom he seizes and carries ofi" to his 
 darksome den, to become his servants, or to be kept 
 till they are fit to be devoured. 
 
 The Boo-Coio and the Bowsie are the two great 
 horrors of infancy and early childhood : the first is 
 the roaring monster for crying, noisy, vicious children ; 
 and the second is the horrible and ngly monster for 
 cowing the refractory and disobedient ones. 
 
 The term Bowsie is prob. from Fr. bossn (Lat. 
 gibbosiis), crooked, hunch-backed, deformed ; and in 
 order to make the creation more terrible, the charac- 
 teristic of Swed. buskig, bushy, hairy, was added. 
 But tkis creation, like that of the Boo-Gow, was prob. 
 suggested by the Bible description of the devil. 
 
 As might be expected, however, the Boo-Cow and 
 the Bowsie are often confounded in nursery story and 
 practice : sometimes through ignorance, and sometimes 
 on purpose to make the creation more terrific, 
 
 BOWSSLEIT, s. and adj. The name of a 
 kind of nail : prob. the kind commonly used 
 in building the small boats of the time : 
 Dutch buis, a small boat. 
 
 "Item, the xix. day of Januare, [1496], giffin to 
 Johne Lam, in part of payment of v™ nalis, ane 
 thousand of singil bowssleit, and iiij"" wraklene, iiij li," 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 310. 
 
 As this word is rather indistinct in the MS., and 
 may be read boivspleit, it may mean flat-boat nails, 
 or small flat-headed nails ; which is somewhat con- 
 firmed by the ivrahlene, which were large flat-headed 
 nails. V. Wkaklene. 
 
 BOWSTAFIS, BowsTiNGis, Bowsteyngis, 
 s. pi. Strips of wood from which bows 
 were made. Bowstingis is sometimes mis- 
 read bowstringis, as in the passages given 
 below. V. BowsTiNG. 
 
 "Of fremen ... of ilk hundredth .... 
 howstreyngis, viij d." 
 
 "Ofvnfremen . . . of the hundredth bowstrin- 
 gis, xvjd." Customes of Guidis ; Burgh Kec. Edin- 
 burgh, i. 44, 46. 
 
 "Of the hundir bow-stafis, viij d. ;" Ibid. 25. 
 Sept., 1445. 
 
 Bowstings were sold by the hundred or by the score ; 
 bowstrings, by the dozen. V. Halyburton's Ledger, 
 p. 291. 
 
BOW 
 
 [52] 
 
 BRA 
 
 BO WYT, BowT, Boot, part, and adj. Bent, 
 crooked ; a bowt saxpence : boot-hackit. V. 
 Bow'd. 
 
 " Item, on Ywle da, [1489], to the King himself takin 
 furth oif the Thesauraris purss, vij angellis and a half 
 angel, ix li." 
 
 "Item, til him, the saim da, ane angell quhilk he 
 howyt and put abowte his beydis, xxiiij s." Accts. 
 L. H. Treas., i. 126. Dickson. 
 
 This bending or bowing oi '* ane angell" by the King, 
 and then putting it about his beads, is an example of a 
 custom which prevailed all over the country even to 
 the beginning of this century. During a time of sick- 
 ness, or hardship, or perplexity, a person would " how " 
 or bend a gold or silver coin, and promise that, in the 
 event of recovery or deliverance, he or she should 
 present that coin at the shriue of the saint whose aid 
 was invoked. If the person had no faith in saints, the 
 coin was promised to be laid on "the brod," i.e., the 
 plate at the church door for collections for the poor. 
 
 Many persons are still possessed by the notion that a 
 botpyt or crooked coin has luck attached to it. 
 
 BOYIS, s. pi. Gyves, fetters : in boyis, in 
 
 bonds, fettered ; Barbour, x. 763. Another 
 
 form is in the bows, in the stocks. V. Bows. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson appears to have been uncertain regard- 
 ing this term. He is, however, correct both as to 
 meaning and derivation ; but, as Prof. Skeat has 
 pointed out, the latter would be improved by tracing 
 the term to 0. Fr. buie, a fetter, from Lat. boia, id. 
 
 BOYTACH, s. A bunch or bundle : applied 
 also to a small dumpy animal, that has 
 difficulty in walking. Gall. V. Bodach. 
 
 BKABANER, Braboner, s. A weaver, a 
 customer weaver ; Burgh Rec. Prestwick, 
 16 Jan., 1550-1, Hist. Old Dundee, p. 50. 
 
 This is certainly a very old term. Originally applied 
 to the cloth-workers from Brabant, who settled in the 
 larger towns on the east coast, it soon became restric- 
 ted to the chief handicraft which they followed, viz. 
 weaving. And this application would be all the more 
 easy to the native population, because their term for a 
 weaver was almost identical in sound. In the Gael, a 
 weaver is a 6rea6adajr, pron. brabadar, a kicker, i.e., a 
 treddler ; or, it may be a driver or kicker of the 
 shuttle ; or, the idea may include both movements : 
 Gael, breab, to kick. 
 
 It is interesting to trace this word through the van- 
 ous changes it has undergone as a proper or family 
 name. In our Burgh Records, among such names 
 as Smith, Miller, Skinner, Walker, Baxter, and 
 Litster (afterwards Lister), we occasionally find 
 the name Brabner ; and in the Aberdeen Re- 
 cords of the 15th and 16th cents, it appears under the 
 forms of Braboner, Brabaner, and Brabner. A cen- 
 tury later it assumes the form Brebner ; and by and 
 bye it becomes Bremner, a name which is still com- 
 mon in the north of Scotland, and by no means un- 
 common in populous districts of the western and south- 
 em counties. 
 
 To BRACE, Brase, v. a. Short for em- 
 brace, to hold, clasp, or bind tightly ; hence 
 to enfold, enclose, shut up. 
 
 Hir mervallus haill madinheed 
 
 God in hir bosum braces, 
 And hir divinite fra dreid 
 
 Hir kepit in all oasis. 
 
 Henry son, Salutation of the Virgin, \. 60. 
 
 O. Fr. brace, Fr. bras, an arm : from which came 
 the V. brace, to clasp with a band, as with closed arms ; 
 hence, to tighten, as, to brace a drum by means of its 
 bands ; also, to enfold, enclose, shut up, which is the 
 sense in the passage quoted. 
 
 Brace, Brase, s. 1. A bracer or guard for 
 the left arm of an archer ; Cherrie and 
 Slae, St. ix. 
 
 2. The coping, covering, or head-piece of ant 
 ornamental recess, a monument, or other 
 mural erection in churches, graveyards, etc. 
 
 3. An enclosure for the dead, an ornamented 
 covering of a tomb, a monument for the 
 dead shaped like a sarcophagus. 
 
 *' , . in the quhilk He thare sal be made a Jrase 
 for his lair in bosit werk, and aboue the brase a table 
 of bras with a writ specif eand the bringing of that 
 rellyk be him in Scotland with his arms ; " etc. Char- 
 ters of Edinburgh, 11 Jan. 1464-5. 
 
 Addit. to Brace. 
 
 BRADE, Braid, s. Deceit, deception, de- 
 lusion, figment, fancy. 
 
 " . . for to presume vpon the prerogatiue of bur- 
 iall, for being in Kirk-place, it were a brain-sick brade." 
 Blame of Kirk Buriall, ch. xix. 
 
 A.-S. brcegd, deceit fiction. 
 
 Palsgrave has "brayde or hastynesse of mynde, 
 colle," i.e. passion, anger ; but in Green's Works, ii. 
 268, the term occurs in the sense of craft, deceit ; and 
 Shakespeare uses braid as an adj. in the sense of de- 
 ceUful. V. Dyce, Gl. Shak.; Halliwell, Prov. Diet. ; 
 and Heame, Gl. Langtoft. 
 
 BRAID, Brayd, v. and s. V. Brade. 
 
 BRAID, s. A board, table, etc. V. Bred. 
 
 BRAIDLINGIS, Bradelings, adv. Broad- 
 wise, abreast ; in a mass, all at once. 
 
 " Now, Kirk buriall althogh it be now come without 
 blush, yet it brake not in bradelings, but as it were by 
 degrees and some shame." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch.. 
 xiii. 
 
 Icel. breithr, Goth, braids, A.-S. brdd, broad. 
 
 BRAIGGLE, s. " Any old, unsafe article — 
 
 as a large gun with a large lock." Gall. 
 
 Encycl. Called also a briggle, a brikkle ; 
 
 and when the article is much out of order, 
 
 or its parts loose, a rickle. 
 
 Prob. both forms are corr. of brickie, an old form of 
 brittle. 
 
 BRAIG-KNIFE, Braig-Knyfe, s. A car- 
 ving knife, a flesher's knife. 
 
 "George Speir, flescheour, . . . for breking vp 
 the kirk dwrris the tyme of the sessioun, and drawing 
 of ane braig knyfe to the beddell of the kirk," etc. 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, i. 329, Recs. Soc. 
 
 Gael, breac, to carve ; pron. brechg. The knife 
 referred to is still called a breck-knife, breaking -kn^fe, 
 V. Brek. 
 
 BRAIK, 8. V. Brake. 
 
 BRAIKEN, «. The bracken. V. Braghen. 
 
BRA 
 
 [53] 
 
 BRE 
 
 BRAIN-PAN, Brane-pan, s. The skull; 
 Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. x.: syn. ham-pan. 
 
 BRAIRDED DYKES, s. pi. Hedges or 
 fences stuffed with whins or other brush- 
 wood to prevent cattle getting through to 
 the growing crop ; West and South of S. 
 
 BRAISSARIS, s. pi. V. Braseris. 
 
 To BRAITHE, v. a. To boil down; i.e., to 
 make brae or hree of ; Orkn. 
 
 BRAMMO, Bramo, s. Milk and meal stirred 
 
 together : used as a hasty meal ; Orkn. A 
 
 meas of oatmeal and water ; Gloss. Shetl. 
 
 Evidently brammo is what is known in the more 
 southern counties as dramock or hrose. 
 
 BRAMSKIN, s. A form of Barmskin, q. v. 
 
 BRAND, part. adj. Brawned ; Dunbar, 
 Twa Mariit Wemen, 1. 429. V. Branit. 
 
 BRANDED, part. pt. Errat. for branded, 
 
 broidered, embroidered. V. DiCT. 
 
 This mistake is due to the careless transcript pub- 
 lished by Pinkerton. V. Gloss, to Gawain Romance, 
 Bann. Club. 
 
 BRANDER, Brandur, Brandering, s. 
 Frame, framework ; support for scaffold- 
 ing, as trestles, &c.; also the scaffolding 
 surrounding a building ; Spald. Club Misc., 
 V. 50, 65. Addit. to Brander, q. v. 
 
 PI. irunders is now generally applied to the trestles 
 or supports of a scaffold, &c., and brandering to the 
 whole scafifblding or supports for the builders. Brander- 
 ing and brandreth, with its corr. brandraucht, brand- 
 rauth, are often applied to the frames or framework to 
 which panelling is attached. V, Brandering. 
 
 To Brander, v. a. To support by trestle or 
 
 framework : to build or lay supports for 
 
 scaffolding, &c. ; also, to form a foundation 
 
 for building by planting strong framework 
 
 on piles driven into the ground ; part. pt. 
 
 hranderit, brandert. Addit. to Brander, v. 
 
 " and the said brig to be staggit and branderit 
 
 suflBciently in deipnes vnder the channall, to mak a 
 sufficient ground to big vpoun." Burgh Recs. Aber- 
 deen, 15 Aug., 1610. 
 
 Brandering, Brandreth, Brandrauth, 
 Brandraucht, s. Framework; trestles or 
 supports for tables, scaffolding, &c.; frame- 
 work foundation for building, panelling, &c. 
 Burgh Recs. A herd., Edin., Glasgow. Ad- 
 dit. to Brandreth, q. v. V. Brander, s. 
 
 The form brandraucht occurs in Accta. Burgh of 
 Edinburgh, 1554-5, Recs. Soc. 
 
 BRANDUR, s. Errat. for bordure, a border, 
 edge, or rim. V. DiCT. under Branded. 
 
 BRANEWOD, adj. Stark mad, furious, 
 mad with rage. V. Brayn-Wod. 
 
 The bard wox hranewod and bitterly coud ban. 
 
 JJoulaie, 1. 811. 
 This form occurs in Christ Kirk, s. 22, where it may- 
 be read either as a s. meaning firewood, or as an adj. 
 with meaning as above. V. DiCT. 
 
 BRANLING, Branlin, s. V. Bramlin. 
 
 BRASE, s. and v. V. Brace. 
 
 BRASEL, Braseill, Brasyll, Brissell, 
 Blew Brissell, s. Brazil-wood ; used, 
 for dyeing red colours : the Caesalpinia 
 Braziliensis of commerce. 
 
 " Brasyl at the entry ng aw nathyng, bot at the out- 
 gang ilk hundreth of brasyll sail pay twa peniis," &c. 
 Assize of Petty Customs, ch. 7. 
 
 The term also occurs in various forms in Haly- 
 burton's Ledger. 
 
 It is a curious fact that the country of Brazil is 
 named from M,E. brasil, already in use before a.d. 1400. 
 
 BRATTIE, s. Dimin. of Brat, an apron; 
 used as a name for clothing in general ; as,, 
 " the bit and the brattle,^^ food and clothes,. 
 S. V. Brat. 
 
 BRATTISH, Bartise, s. A brattice or 
 wooden partition dividing rooms; also ap- 
 plied to the wood-work ventilators in mines ; 
 West of S. 
 
 This term is common in mining districts of the N. of 
 England. V. Brockett's Gloss. 
 
 BRAUDED, part. pt. Broidered, embroi- 
 dered ; *' branded with brente golde ; " 
 Awnt. Arthur, s. 29. 
 Misread branded in Pinkerton's edit. 
 
 BRAWNET, Brounet, s. A dark brown 
 colour ; generally applied to animals, as, 
 '' a brawnet horse." In Gall., brawnet ; in 
 Ayrs. and Lanarks., brounet. 
 
 "A colour made up of black and brown, mostly re- 
 lating to the skins of animals. A ' nowt beast o' a 
 brawnet colour ' takes a south-country man's eye next 
 to that of the ' slae black.' " Gall. Encycl. 
 
 Fr. brunet, brownish : dim. of brun, brown, from 
 O. H. Ger. briin. 
 
 To BRAY, Brey, Brea, v. a. To beat> 
 
 pound, reduce to powder. Addit to Bray». 
 
 This term is so used all over S., and in the N. of E. 
 (V. Brockett's Gl.); but the common E. meaning is to- 
 pound in a mortar. O. Fr. breier, brehier (Fr. broyer), 
 from M. H. Ger. brechen, to break. 
 
 BRAYAND, Breiying, part. Crying,. 
 
 bawling, squalling. 
 
 " . . . sua at that man sail have wytnes of tua 
 leil men or of women nychtburis that herde the chylde 
 cryand or gretand or brayand. " Burgh Lawis, ch. 41. 
 
 BREAD, Brede, s. Breadth ; as, a hand- 
 brede, an acre-brede. V. Breid. 
 
 Ik 
 
BRE 
 
 [54] 
 
 BRE 
 
 " . , . undertakis to big the brig, as said is, of 
 , the hight, bread, and wyndnes as the same presently 
 staiidis," etc. Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 15 Aug., 1610. 
 A.-S. brcedti, id. M. E. b7-ede. Breadth is a com- 
 paratively modern Eng. form. 
 
 BREASKIT, Briskit, s. V. Brisket. 
 
 BKE ASTIE, s. Dimin. of breast ; a familiar 
 or kindly term used in speaking to children 
 or to pets. 
 
 Wee, sleekit, cowrin, tim'rous beastie 
 O, what a panic's in thy breastie. 
 
 Burns, To a Mouse, st. 1. 
 
 BRECBENNACH, s, V. Brekbenach. 
 
 BR EC HANS, s. pi. The wooden hames used 
 
 with the wassie or straw collar in Orkn. and 
 
 Shetl. 
 
 Lit. protectors, or protecting crooks : Icel. bjarga, 
 A.-S. beargan, to protect; or as a corr. of bergh-hames, 
 protecting splints or crooks. They are similar to the 
 ?iames of the Lowlands, where the collar to which they 
 are attached is called a brecham. 
 
 BRECK AN EGG, BRACK AN EGG. 
 A. phrase in curling, meaning, to strike a 
 stone with force just sufficient to crack an 
 egg at the point of contact. 
 
 At the close of a round, when the stones are well 
 gathered near the cock, and it is difficult to run in an- 
 other without doing damage, a friend of the player 
 about to throw will lay his brush on a certain stone 
 and cry, " Noo, John, ye see this ane? Weel, jist 
 breck an egg on't, man, an' we'll win." 
 
 BRECKAN, Breckin, s. A fern. V. 
 Brachen. 
 
 Breckany, adj. Full of or covered with 
 ferns ; as, hreckany braes. 
 
 BRED, Brede, adj.j adv., and s. V. Braid. 
 
 . To Brede, v. n. To spread, spread out, ex- 
 pand ; Barbour, xvi, 68. 
 
 A.-S. brcedan, id. 
 
 BRED, Brede, Braid, Brod, s. 1. A 
 board ; a package e.g., of skins, tied between 
 boards; a certain number of skins so packed. 
 Addit. to Bred. 
 
 a bundle of skins was called a bred or a brede: 
 thus— "Item, for lynyng a gowne to the King, a bred of 
 bwge, vi li. xiij s. iiij d." Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 135. 
 
 •2. The plate, box, or ladle carried round to 
 receive the offerings during church service: 
 the plate set at the entrance to a church to 
 receive the collection for the poor : also, the 
 offerings thus received. 
 
 ". . . ordanit that Sanct Nicholace 6roid siluer 
 be given to the sustentatioun of the seik folkis of the 
 pest, during the tyme thairof, . . . and als ordanit 
 Andro Losoun to gif the braid siluer he gat on Sonday 
 last was, to be distribuit to the seik folkis." Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, 11 Oct., 1546. 
 
 Before the Reformation all oflferings were received in 
 
 the bred, braid, or brod, carried round near the close of 
 the service ; and on "solemp days" it was the duty of 
 the provost and bailies to carry the bred ; but after the 
 Reformation the bred was used only for the collection 
 for the poor, and it was set on a stool at or near the 
 entrance to the church, and was presided over by an 
 elder. 
 
 3. A window board, or window shutter; as, 
 *' It's growin dark, gae out an' put on the 
 breds" or " put ta the hreds" West of S. 
 
 The moon has rowed her in a cloud, 
 
 Stravaging win's begin 
 To shuggle and daud the taindow brads, 
 
 Like loons that wad be in. 
 
 Wm. Miller, Gree Baimies Oree, s. 1. 
 
 The street windows even of dwelling houses long ago 
 were guarded by shutters, or breds or windo-brods, 
 hung by one side to the window-cheek, and folded 
 back to the wall during day time : in shutting, these 
 were simply swung round, or put ta, and bolted. 
 Another kind, also in one piece, fitted close to the 
 window frame, and could be put on or taken off as 
 required. 
 
 4. A spar, bolt, bar, guard : as, " He closed 
 
 the yett an' shot the breds ; " S. 
 
 To Bred, Braid, v. a. 1. To board, spar, or 
 cover with wood, S. 
 
 2. To bar, spar, bolt. 
 
 ". . . to cloise the tovn and 6red the portia of 
 the same, and oupmak all wydis and waistis," etc.. 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 21 March, 1526. 
 
 Bredefu', adj. Full to the brede, i.e., board 
 or lid, border, or brim ; like the form 
 " full to the bung ; " completely filled. In 
 M. E. bretfid, Halliwell. 
 
 The term is still used in West of S. 
 Sw. brddd, brim ; brdddftd, full to the brim : Dan. 
 bredfuld, a brimfull. 
 
 BREEKUMS, s. Small or scanty breeches, 
 
 boys' breeches. V. Breeks. 
 
 Although the breekums on thy fuddy 
 Are e'en right raggit. 
 James Ballantine, Wee Raggit Laddie, st. 1. 
 
 To BREEL, V. n. To drink plentifully, to 
 fuddle ; another form of Birl, q. v. Ayrs., 
 Gall. 
 
 And sure it wad been baith a .sin and a shame, 
 For ony ava to hae drunted ahame ; 
 The deil a ane did sae, fu' gladly they came, 
 And breel'd at the lairdie's bonello. 
 
 Oall. Encycl., p. 78. 
 
 BREEST-BANE, Breist-Bane, s. The 
 
 breast-bone of a fowl, the merry-tlwught. 
 
 Gall. Clydes. 
 
 Puin' the breest-bane is an amusement enjoyed by 
 young people all over the country ; and it is as well 
 known in Eng. also. Description is therefore un- 
 necessary. 
 
 BREIDHOUS, s. A pantry. 
 
 In a list of payments made by the Lord High 
 Treasurer during the year 1494-5, "be precepti* 
 deliuerit," we find the following :— 
 
BRE 
 
 [55] 
 
 BRE 
 
 "Item, to William Douglas of the breidhoiis, xxx 11." 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 237. 
 
 BREIF, Breiff, Breff, Breive, s. "A 
 
 writ issuing from Chancery in name of the 
 King, addressed to a judge, ordering trial to 
 be made by a jury of certain points stated 
 in the brieve." Bell's Law Diet. 
 
 "Item, gevin to Eichert Wallas, currour, to pass 
 with lettres to summoiid the barones and frehauldiris 
 of the schirefdomes of Inuernes, Elgin, Forrais, BanflF, 
 and Abirdene, to the seruing of the breif of ydeotryt 
 vpone the Erie of Suddirland in Inuurnes, xx s. " 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 238. 
 
 BREIRD, V. and s. V. Braird, Breer. 
 
 To BREK, Breck, v. a. Besides the ordin- 
 ary meanings of bj^eak in use in E., there 
 are several special or peculiar applications 
 of it in Scot, of which the following are the 
 most noteworthy. 
 
 1. To cut up, part into pieces, portions, or 
 quantities ; as, to hrek a bouk or carcase, to 
 hrek a salmon, to hrek bulk. 
 
 Brek,' in this sense, is common in M. E. 
 
 2. To cut off bit by bit, to part or take in 
 small; hence, to retail, sell by retail : as, "1 
 dare na sell the bouk, I man hrek it to the 
 neebours a' roun'." 
 
 3. To portion, apportion, divide proportionally ; 
 hence, to stent or tax. 
 
 " . . . ordanis viij personis of them that is ellis 
 brokin anentis the payment of the pulder to hrek thame 
 that brak the laif after Beltane, and in the main 
 tyme to gif to the gunneris ane quarter of pulder, and 
 XX li. to be broking to the brig werk and pulder." 
 Burgh Recs. Peebles, 25 Apr., 1571. 
 
 " To brek the iaxt," i.e. to apportion the tax, or to 
 fix each person's share of it, is a phrase which fre- 
 quently occurs in our Burgh Records ; and the persons 
 who performed the duty were called " brekaris of the 
 taxt," 
 
 4. To depart from, or do contrary to, a 
 
 fixed standard or law ; as, " to brek the 
 
 measure," to give less than the proper 
 
 measure, or to trade with a false or 
 
 diminished measure ; " to hrek the pais," lit. 
 
 to break the weight, i.e., to give less 
 
 than the due weight, or less than was 
 
 bargained for ; " to brek price," to sell an 
 
 inferior article at the price of the good and 
 
 sufficient, or to charge higher prices than 
 
 those fixed by law. 
 
 In every burgh the price of ale, bread, and flesh, was 
 fixed at stated times ; and the parties who did not 
 conform to the rates were dealt with for breking mea- 
 sure, pais, or price. 
 
 Brekar, Breckar, $. 1. One who divides 
 or portions a thing into its several parts ; 
 as, "a bouk or carcase brekar,'^ who cuts it up 
 
 into its various parts, and lays them out for 
 further use. Of this class there were the 
 brekar of flesh, and the brekar of salmon, 
 etc. V. Brek. 
 
 2. One who sells his goods in small portions, 
 or by retail, a huckster or retailer. 
 
 3. One who divides or apportions a tax among 
 
 the members of a community, according to 
 
 their means, was called " a brekar of the 
 
 tax." 
 
 "The counsale ordanis the brekaris of the xl li. 
 taxt, diuisit for the commone effaris and welth of the 
 toune," etc. Burgh Recs. Peebles, 19 May, 1572. 
 
 BREKBENACH, Brecbennach, s. The 
 name of the battle ensign of the Abbot of 
 Arbroath. V. Dict. 
 
 It has been suggested with great probability (Proc. 
 Antiq. of Scot. , 2nd Ser. ii. 435) that the Latin word 
 vexillum, by which the Brekbanach is described, ha» 
 misled antiquaries generally into the belief that it was 
 a banner; the likelihood being that it was a reliquary 
 such as the Breac Moedoc and other known Celtic 
 vexilla or battle ensigns. Addit. to Brekbenach. 
 
 BRENT, s. Spring : also used as an adj., 
 belonging to the spring-season ; Orkn. 
 
 BRESCAT, Brescat Brede, s. Biscuit. 
 
 Perhaps from Fr. bresca, 0. Fr. bresclie, L. Lat. 
 hrisca, a honey-comb ; Diez : but more probably a corr. 
 pron. of biscuit. 
 
 "Item, to AndroBertoune, iovii^brescatbrede to him, 
 [the Duke of York, in 1497]." Accts. L. H. Treas., 
 i. 343, Dickson. 
 
 This supply was for the Duke of York's ship then 
 lying at Ayr, and formed but a small item of the ex- 
 penses incurred by the King's favour for Perkin War- 
 beck. 
 
 To BRET, Brett, v. n. To strut, stride, or 
 bounce along ; Orkn. Prob. the local form 
 of Braid, q. v. 
 Icel. bregtha, to start. 
 
 BREUST, Brost, Broust, s. V. Browst. 
 
 Brerstar, Brostar, Brorstar, Brouster, 
 s. V. Browster. 
 
 To BREVE, Breue, v. a. To record, state,. 
 
 relate, or describe briefly: to account, 
 
 reckon, esteem, deem ; also, in the general 
 
 sense of to speak of, to tell, inform ; Gaw» 
 
 and Gol. s. 22, 23 ; Wallace, ix. 1941. 
 
 These meanings are additional to those given under 
 the V. Brief, Breve, etc. 
 
 To Breviate, Breuiat, v. a. To sum- 
 marize, to write or state in outline. 
 
 Breviatly, Brbuiatlie, adv. Concisely ; 
 in brief time, space, or manner; off hand, 
 without reflection, hurriedly ; Court of 
 Venus, i. 770, S. T. S. 
 
BRI 
 
 [56] 
 
 BRO 
 
 BRIDLIN' RAPES, s. pi. The ropes used 
 
 to hold down the thatch on stacks of grain, 
 
 and roofs of houses in country districts; 
 
 West and South of S. 
 
 When the stacks have been built and covered, ropes 
 of straw are fixed vertically over the thatch : these 
 are called owrgaun rapes. The hridlin rapes are then 
 carried round and caught on the vertical ones, and the 
 covering is made secure. 
 
 BRIERIE, Breerie, adj. Birky, trouble- 
 some, bold and restless : like a thorny brier 
 bush always fretting one. Addit. to 
 Breerie. 
 
 Stourie, stoussie, gaudy brierie. 
 Dinging a' things tapsalteerie ; 
 Jumping at the sunny sheen, 
 Flickering on thy pawky een. 
 
 John Crawford, Mother's Pet, s. 3. 
 
 BRIG, Brigger, Brigder, s. The portion 
 of twisted hair to which a fishing-hook is 
 tied ; also, the tapering line of twisted hair 
 to which a cast of flies is attached; West 
 of S. : brigder, Shetl. 
 
 A.-S. hregdan, bredan, to braid, plait, weave. 
 
 Prob. it is to such a brig that reference is made in 
 the expression, a brig o' ae hair, i.e., a tie or tome of the 
 lightest texture possible : perhaps, also, a tie or line of 
 gut. 
 
 BRIGAN, Briggan, s. A brigand, robber ; 
 Burgh Recs., Aberdeen, i. 338. Sp. C 
 V. Briganer. 
 
 Brigacie, s. Brigandage, V. Briganoie. 
 
 To Brigant, v. a. To waylay and rob. 
 
 Brigantis sik bois and blyndis thame with a blawe. 
 
 Dunbar and Kennedy, 1. 436. 
 
 BRIGHOUSS, s. A bridge-house, a toll- 
 house; Barbour, xvii. 409. V. Brig. 
 
 BRIGINTINE, Buigintyne, Brigint, s. 
 A brigandine, a jacket of mail worn by 
 archers and cross-bowmen; it was also called 
 a brigat ; Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 143. 
 
 '* Item, . . . ' i elne of vellous to the Kingis 
 irigintynis, price xxv s." Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 19. 
 
 " Item, ij ^ elne of vellus to the coueringis of brigin- 
 tynis," etc. Ibid., i. 24. 
 
 " The brigandine was a jacket composed of rings or 
 small plates of metal sewed on leather, or quilted be- 
 tween folds of canvas or fustian. Those worn by men 
 of rank were covered with rich stuffs, as the extracts 
 just given indicate." Ibid. Gloss. 
 
 Fr. brigandine, id. 
 
 Brigintare, s. a maker of brigandines, an 
 
 armourer. 
 
 "Item, gevin to Johne Clement the brigintare, be a 
 precept subscriuit with the Kingis hand vndir the 
 signete, for his Mertymes fee, x li." Accts. L. H. 
 Treas., i. 65, Dickson. 
 
 To BRIK, V. a. To break, burst, bud ; part, 
 pr. brikand, budding, Dunbar. V. Brek, 
 
 BRINT ANNUELLIS, s. pi. There are 
 three applications of this term: — 
 
 1. The lands and tenements within the burghs 
 and towns of Scotland, " barnt be the auld 
 enemies of England." 
 
 2. The annuals or yearly duties belonging to 
 such lands and tenements. 
 
 3. The Act of Pari, "maid [in 1551] anent 
 the annuelles of landes burnt be our auld 
 enemies of England within burrowes." V. 
 Bryn. 
 
 " . . . for xiii j s. of annuel quhilk is inf ef t for 
 doing yerelie of the said dirige . . . conforme to 
 the actis made be the Thre Estatis of th« brint annuel' 
 lis,'' etc. Burgh Rec. Peebles, 2 Dec, 1555. 
 
 For particulars see Scot. Acts, Mary, 1 Feb., 1551. 
 This Act settled the manifold disputes between land- 
 lords and tenants that arose after the ruthless havoc 
 wrought by the English invasion under Somerset in 
 1547. 
 
 To BRISE, Bryse, v. a. To crush, rend, 
 burst with force ; pret. bris, part. pt. briz^ 
 brist ; Shetl., Orkn., West of S. V; Brist. 
 
 Bris, 8. A crush, rent, crack, rupture ; Ibid. 
 
 Fr. briser, to break. 
 
 BRISSEL, Blew Brissell, s. V. Brasel. 
 
 BRISSLE, V. and s. A form of Birsle, q. v. 
 
 BROGHAN, s. The plaid worn by High- 
 landers; Gael, breacan, id. 
 
 *' . . . were they a' rouped at the Cross — basket 
 hilts, Andra Ferraras, leather targets, brogues, brochan, 
 and sporrans." Scott, Rob Roy, cli. 23. 
 
 " Particoloured dresses were used by the Celts from 
 the earliest times ; but the variety of colours in the 
 breacan was greater or less according to the rank of 
 the wearer. The breacan of the Celtic king had seven 
 different colours ; the Druidical tunic had six ; and 
 that of the nobles four." M'Leod and Dewar's Gaelic 
 Diet., p. 84. 
 
 BROCHES, 8. pi. Spurs. Add. to Broche. 
 
 BROCHT AND HAMBALL. A corr. of 
 Brogh or borgh of hamald, surety for goods 
 passing from the seller to the buyer ; Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, i. 283. V. under Hamald. 
 
 BROCK, Broks, s. Refuse, trash. V. Brok. 
 
 " I gat neither stock nor brock " — neither money nor 
 meat. Scot. Proverb. 
 
 BROCK, 8. A badger ; Gael. broe. 
 
 In some districts this term is applied to a person of 
 filthy habits. " He's a dirty ftrocA;, " and " He smells 
 like a brock, " are statements still in common use. 
 Wi' yowlin' clinch aul' Jennock ran 
 
 Wi' sa'r like ony brock ; 
 To bring that remnant o' a man, 
 Her foistest brither Jock. 
 
 Alex. Wilson, Callamphitre's Elegy, s. 8. 
 
 Brock-Faced, adj. Faced like a badger, 
 
BRO 
 
 [57] 
 
 BRO 
 
 i.e., striped with white, S. Sjn. buwsand, 
 bausint. 
 
 Brock-Holes, s. pi. Badfjer holes : dens or 
 abodes of the badger ; West and South of 
 S. 
 
 Brockit, adj. Like a badger in colour, black 
 and white : applied to animals. Also ap- 
 plied to a person of filthy habits; as, "Ay, 
 badger he is ! brockit, barken't, saur't an' 
 a';" West of S. V. Brooked. 
 
 Brockshole, Brokshole, s. Lit. badger's 
 
 hole or den : the common name for the 
 
 blackhole of a prison, into which only the 
 
 vilest criminals were put. 
 
 " Ane kie of brokshole with ane slott in the inner- 
 syd," &c. Burgh Rec. Peebles, 22 Jan., 1650. 
 
 To BROD, Broud, Broder, Brouder, 
 Browder, v. a. To braid, broider, em- 
 broider ; hence, to ornament, adorn, deck, 
 array ; part. pt. brodi/n, broudin, broudyn, 
 browdyn, broderit, brouderit, browdnt, brod- 
 rit, broidered, embroidered. 
 
 "Item, a frontall of reid say brodrit, cost 18 s." 
 Haly burton's Ledger, p. 159. 
 The birth that the ground bure was hroudyn on bredis. 
 
 Houlate. 1. 27. Bann. MS. 
 
 This term is given as Brondyn in the DiCT. : an errat. 
 of the text from which the passage was taken. 
 
 A.-S. bregdan, to braid ; part. pt. brogden, braided. 
 
 Fr. broder, to embroider ; lit. to work on the edge, 
 to edge ; broder being a doublet of border, from Fr. 
 bord, ail edge, hem, or selvage. V. Broider, in Skeat's 
 Etym. Diet. 
 
 Brodur, BrodURE, s. An embroiderer; 
 broduris silk, embroiderer's silk; Halybur- 
 ton's Ledger, p. 249. 
 
 Browdir, s. Bordering, fringing, embroidery. 
 
 Thocht now in browdir and begary, 
 Sche glausis as scho war Quene of Fary. 
 
 Rob. scene's Dream, p. 4, MS. 
 
 Browdstar, Browstar, Brostar, Brus- 
 
 OURE, s. An embroiderer ; contr. ior Broio- 
 
 dinstar, q. v. V. Broudster. 
 
 All these forms of the word occur in the Accounts 
 of the Lord High Treasurer. They form a fine example 
 of the process of contraction by which words in 
 frequent use are simplified. 
 
 BRODS, Window-Brods, s. pi. V. Bred. 
 
 BROGIT-STAF, s. A pike-staff. V. under 
 Brog. 
 
 Called also a broddit-stajff, q. v. 
 
 BROICH, s. Broach: "on broich," broached, 
 tapped, with open tap, without stint. 
 
 All denteis deir was thair but dowt, 
 The wyn& on broich it ran. 
 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p, 24. 
 
 Before the days of taps or spigots, wine, ale, or 
 other liquor was drawn from the barrel by removing a 
 neatly -fitting wooden pin, called a broach. 
 
 To BROILYIE, V. n. To brawl, Barbour, 
 iv. 151, Edin. MS. : the com. form is Brul- 
 yie, q. v. 
 
 BROK, Broke, s. Y. Brock. 
 
 BROKEN UP, Brokkin Yp, part. ph. 
 
 Broken out, started, begun : as, " the 
 
 pest is laitlie brokkin vp in St. Jhonestoun;" 
 Burgh Recs. Edin., iv. 351, Sept. 1584. 
 
 This phrase occurs frequently in the Burgh Bees., 
 and may still be heard among the working classes in 
 the West of S. V. Break-up. 
 
 BRO KIN, part. pt. of Brek, q. v. 
 
 BRONDYN. Errat. for Broudyn, part. pt. 
 decked, arrayed, q. v. Y. DiCT. 
 
 BRONT, s. Countenance, appearance, bear- 
 ing, carriage. 
 
 Benyng of obedience and blyth in the bront. 
 
 Boidale, 1. 160, Asloan MS. 
 Icel. brun, the eye-brow; A.-S. brU, Gael, brd, the 
 brow ; Bret, abrant, eye-brow. See Brow in Skeat's 
 Etym. Diet. 
 
 BROOLYIE, Broulyie, Broolyiment, 5. 
 A quarrel, contention, commotion, storm. 
 Y. Brulyie. 
 
 In keeping with that interposition of letters common 
 in country districts this word is often pron. broozle, or 
 broosle in the South of S. 
 
 BROSTAR, Brostare, s. Y. Browster. 
 BROUDYN, Browdin. Y. Browdyn, 
 
 Brod. 
 
 BROUGH, Brugh, Bruff, s. 1. A circle, 
 ring ; applied also to a crowd ; West of S. 
 Y. JBouRAcn. 
 
 2. Applied to the rings or circles drawn round 
 the tee in curling. Ibid. Y. Brugh. 
 
 Brough or Brugh About the Moon. The 
 hazy ring or ruff which surrounds the moon 
 in certain states of the atmosphere. Its 
 appearance is said to indicate a coming 
 storm of rain or snow ; Ibid. 
 
 BROUN, Broune, part. adj. Brewing, fit 
 
 for brewing ; local pron. of brewiii ; Ayrs. 
 
 ". . . for thair abstracted miiltouris of broune 
 malt," etc. Corshill Baron Court Book. Arch, and 
 Hist. Coll. Ayr and Wigton, iv. 95. 
 
 To BROWDER, v. a. To embroider ; pret. 
 and part. pt. browderit, Henryson, Testa- 
 ment of Cresseid, 1. 417. Y. under Brod. 
 
 Browdir, Browdstar, s. Y. under Brod. 
 
 BRO WKIN, part. pres. Y. Bruk. 
 
 (Sup.) 
 
 H 
 
BRO 
 
 58] 
 
 BUG 
 
 BROWN, Browne, part. jJt. V. Browin. 
 
 BRUCH, BruqH, s. a burgh, town; bmch 
 and laud, town and country ; Lvndsay. 
 Thrie Estaitis, 1. 1802. V. Burch," 
 
 BRUGLING, Bruglin, part. adj. Striving, 
 
 struiigling; hence contenfling, contentious, 
 
 haughty, vain-glorious. V. Bkughle. 
 
 " . . . the occasion of the hrugling brags of men, 
 and of the contemp also of Gods hous and seruants." 
 Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. xv. 
 
 To BRUK, Bruke, Brwk, Browk, v. a. 
 To use, wear, possess, enjoy ; Barbour, v. 
 236, XX. 132; part. pr. braking^ hrukyn ; 
 " bi'iihyn and joysing," possessing and en- 
 joying, an old law term regarding property, 
 and implying peaceable })ossession of it ; 
 broickin, Chart. Peebles, 5 Feb., 1505-6. 
 V. Bkuik. 
 
 BRUK, Bruke, s. A brook, stream; Henry- 
 son, Wolf and Lamb, II. 17, 35. 
 
 A.-S. hrdc, brooc, Dutch broek, a marsh, a pool. 
 BRULIE, Broulie, adj. and s. Scroll, 
 draft, outline, skeleton ; as, " Brulie Min- 
 utes." 
 
 Of the Session Records of the Parish Kirk of 
 Mauchline, some of the volumes are stated to be 
 "unbound and iucomplete ; some are scroll books and 
 are headed, 'Brulie Minutes;' FOine are duplicates," 
 etc. Old Church Life in Scotland, p. 2. V. Brulyie. 
 Fr. hrotilU'm, a scroll or first diaft of a document : 
 from brouiller, to mix up confusedly, 
 
 BRUNIE, Brunies, s. V. Brownie. 
 
 BRUSOURE, s. V. Browdstar, under Brod. 
 
 BRYBE, s. Short for biibery, corruption, 
 influencing by benefits ; " brybe and bolst," 
 corruption and intimidation; Oourtof Venus, 
 iv. 306, S. T. S. 
 
 Gloss, gives confusion as the meaning ; but this is a 
 mistake. The term is simply i\l. E. bribe, bi-ybe used 
 for bribery : just as we use gun for gunnery, machine 
 for inachinery. 
 
 O. Fr. bribe, "a peece, lump, or can till of bread 
 given to a beggar." Cotgr. And bribe is so used by 
 Chaucer, C. T. 6958. 
 
 Brybrie, s. Beggary, evil-doing, villany; 
 
 Dunbar and Kennedy, 1. 63. V. Bribour. 
 
 Lit. the work or conduct of a sorner, or low fellow. 
 
 BRYGATE, s. V. Dngintyne. 
 
 This appears a strange contraction of the word 
 hrigintyne, or brigantine ; but it is obtained by the 
 same process as brusoure from broudinstar. For the 
 different steps iu the process see under Browdstar. 
 
 BRYM, s. 1. Border or margin of a river, 
 lake, or sea. V. Brim, adj. 
 
 Lawch by a brym he gert thame ta 
 Thair herbry, &c. 
 
 Barbour, xiv. 339, Camb. MS. 
 Edin. MS. has by a bourne, by a burn. 
 
 2. River, lake, flood; Henryson, Paddok and 
 Mous, 1. 38. 
 
 In M. E. brim, brym, has sometimes the first mean- 
 ing ; but oftener it imjjlies the surf or surge of I he sea; 
 and sometimes, the sea, ocean, flood. 
 
 BRYNT, pret. and part. pt. Burnt ; Burgh 
 Lawis, ch. 50. V. Bryn. 
 
 BRYTH, Bryth, s. A form of byrth, size, 
 extent, burden ; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, i. 
 173, Sp. C. V. Byrth, birth. 
 
 A 
 
 BU, .«. pi. Cattle : the term occurs in the 
 old deeds in Orkn. and Shetl. Norw. bu, id. 
 
 To Bu, BuE, Boo, v. n. To low, bellow ; to 
 imitate the cry of cattle; to utter a loud 
 long inarticulate sound as a call, or for the 
 purpose of terrifying ; also, to speak in a 
 loud monotonous tone and to little purpose, 
 as, "He booi'd awa' for an hour, an' tell'd 
 us nathing." Addit. to Bu, BuE. 
 
 Bu, BuE, Boo, s. A coll. name for a bull, — 
 a cow being called a bn-lady; a bellow, a 
 low, a loud long inarticulate sound ; also, 
 short for bn~cow, boo-man, bugaboo, and as 
 a general name for an object of terror. 
 Acidit. to Bu, Boo. 
 
 Bu-Cow, Bu-Kow, Boo-Cow, Boo-Man, 
 Boo, s. Names for that great terror of 
 infancy, the roaring monster that finds out 
 and carries of bad childien, and devours 
 them in darkness. Addit. to Bu-Kow, 
 Bu-Man, Bu. 
 
 The first term is lit. the roaring terror, goblin, or 
 movyier ; tlie second implies the same being, just a» 
 the bad man implies the devil ; and the third term is a 
 shortened form of these nauies. 
 
 The roaring monster, or monster that roars for his 
 prey, is invoked by foolish parents and nur.'es to ter- 
 riiy obstinate crying children ; but, as stated in Dicr. 
 bu-kov and bu are applied in a general sense to any 
 scarecrow or object of terror. 'J he diead monster, 
 however, though a crea;iun of mothers and nurses, 
 was probalily suggested by the Bible description of the 
 devd. These names are as well knov\n anil as much 
 used in the North of Eng. as they are in Scot. V. 
 Brockett's GIofs. 
 
 BuiL, s. A division or stall in a stable or 
 byre ; also, a sheepfold, a byre ; Shetl. 
 
 To BuiL, v.a. To house cattle; to drive cows 
 into a byre, or sheep into a fold ; Ibid. 
 
 To BuLWAVER, V. n. To go astray like cattle; 
 
 Ibid. 
 
 BUC-HORN, s. A goat-horn ; a musical 
 instrument much favoured by shepherds in 
 olden times. Prob. the same as Ramsay 
 called Slock-and-horn, q. v. Compl. Scot., 
 p. 42, E. E. T. S. 
 
BUG 
 
 [59] 
 
 BUG 
 
 In the Gloss, to the Compl. Dr. Murray renders this 
 term buckhorn, without explanation. The passage re- 
 ferred to mentions the bac-horn as a musical instrument; 
 and a similar passage in p. 65 evidently refers to the 
 same instrument as "maid of ane gait home." For a 
 description of this instrument, V. Stock-and-horn, and 
 Corn-pipe. 
 
 To BUCK, BuCKWORK, v. a. To break or 
 pound ore for smeltinir. Addit. to Buck. 
 
 BucKER, BuKKER, s. An instrument like 
 a causewayer's dumper or dolly, used by 
 miners for breaking or crushing ores. 
 
 BUCKERAR, BUCKHERRAR, BUCKKERER, S. 
 
 One who breaks metal with a bucker or 
 dumper. 
 
 " Waschers with the seifF, BucJceraris or breakers of 
 mettell," etc. Early Records of Alining in Scotland, 
 p. 143. 
 
 These terms were used in the mining districts of 
 England also. V. Derbyshire Lead-mining Terms, 
 Eng. Dial. Soc. 
 
 BUCKBEARD, s. A kind of whitisli or grey 
 
 lichen found growing on rocks on the edge 
 
 of woods, generally near water. Gall,, Ayrs. 
 
 This growth, which is named from its resemblance 
 to the beard of a buck, "is often seen in the form of a 
 wine-glass, or inverted cone, and looks very beautiful. 
 It js not used now-a-days for any thing, but anciently 
 the witches found it a useful ingredient in a charm 
 mixture." Gall. Encycl. 
 
 BUCKIES, BucKiBERRiES, s. pi. Name 
 given to the frnit of the brier in the South 
 and West of S. 
 
 Dan. bukke, Sw. bockn., Du. bukken, to bow, bend, or 
 swe'l out. 
 
 "There are three species of buckiberries in the coun- 
 try : a long green kind, good to eat, grows on lofty 
 bushes ; anotber much like them, but grows on higher 
 bushes, and never ripens well ; and a third kind, about 
 the size of a sloe, and of the same colour, which grows 
 on a dwarlish brier, thought to be somewhat poison- 
 ous." Gall. Enuycl. 
 
 BUCKSKIN, s. Lit. a kind of leather made 
 from the skins of bucks : but the term was 
 used as a name for a soldier in the Ameri- 
 can army daring the War of Independence, 
 and was afterwards applied to American 
 settlers or planters. 
 
 CornwalHs fought as lang's he dought, 
 An' did the buckskins claw. man. 
 
 Burns, When Ouilford Good. 
 
 I'se hae sportin' by an' by 
 
 For my gowd guinea ; 
 The' I shoultl herd the Buckskin kye 
 For't in Virginia. 
 
 Ibid., Ep. to John Rankine. 
 " The Bnrk'^kin Kye," the cattle of an American 
 planter. Tiie meaning of tlie last two lin -s is, 
 "Though I should be banished to the Virginia planta- 
 tions on aceount of it." Such banishment was unfor- 
 tunately too well known by Scotsmen during the times 
 of religious persecution : but not for Burns's offence. 
 
 The prevalence of buckskin clothing in the Revolu- 
 tionary army originated the names buckukin boys and 
 
 the buckskins, which the British applied to the Ameri- 
 can soldiers in contempt. 
 
 BUDDILL, BuDDLE, s. A rocker or cradle 
 used by miners in washing gold or silver 
 ores. 
 
 " Buckeraris, waschers with the seiff, dressaris and 
 wasuheris with the buddill, wascheris with the canves, 
 scboilinen," etc. ilarly Records of Mining in Scotland, 
 p. 143. 
 
 BUDGE, BwoE, s. Dressed lamb or kid 
 skins; also, lamb's fur; Accts. L. H. Treas., 
 i. 227. V. BuGE. 
 
 BUD GEL, BuNGEL, s. Lit. a bag, a poke, 
 and sometimes so used; but generally it 
 implies a bundle, pack, budget. Prob. only 
 corr. of bundle ; West and South of S. V. 
 Benjel. 
 
 BUDIE, s. A basket made of straw; Shetl. 
 
 Sw. and Dan. bod, a store-house, magazine: Gl. 
 Shetl. gives Dan. pro. bodel, a straw basket. 
 
 BUFE, BoiF, adv. and prep. Above : a 
 
 contr. for abuve, aboif, q. v. Sometimes 
 
 used as a s. as, fra bufe, from above, 
 
 Henryson, Salutation of the Virgin, 1. 20. 
 
 A.-S. dbu/an, above: compounded of aw, on ; be, 
 by ; and ti/an, upward. The form be-u/an occurs in 
 the laws of .^Eihelstan. V. Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 BUFFEL STUIL, s. Prob. a corr. of 
 Buffet- Stool, q. V. ; Burgh Recs. Edin., iv. 
 540. 
 
 BUGE STAFF, Bugh Staff, s. A pike 
 staff ; a pike, halbert, or light spear. 
 
 ". . . and to the said Johne Simple abed a 6i<*7e 
 staff price vj s viij d," etc. Acta Dom. Aud., 16 Oct., 
 1483, p. 123.* 
 
 •'Item, gevin to a man in Edinburgh at the Kingis 
 commande, xiij° Augusti [1473], for the couering of 
 bu!/h stnffis, xij s." Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 43, Dickson. 
 
 Fr. voiige, " a hunting or hunter's stafFe ; a boares 
 speare." Ootgr. 
 
 BUGHT, BucHT, s. A bend, curvature, 
 fold, tangle ; an enclosure, a pen or fold for 
 sheep ; also a cave or hollow among rocks 
 used for the same purpose. V. Bought. 
 
 To BuGHT, BucHT, V. a. To bend, fold, 
 enclose, tangle ; to pen or fold sheep. 
 Addit. to Bought, v. 
 
 Bughtin-Time, Buchtin-Time, s. V. 
 
 BoUCHTING-TlME. 
 
 BUGILL, s. An ox, draught-ox ; Kingis 
 
 Qnair, st. 157, Henryson, Pari. Beistes, 1. 
 
 106. 
 
 O. Fr. bugle, a wild ox ; from Lat. buculus, a bul- 
 lock, dimin. of bos, an ox or cow. 
 
 BUGRIE, s. Sodomv. 
 
BUG 
 
 [60] 
 
 BUN 
 
 BUGRIST, s. A vile lewd person, Sodomite : 
 ^^bugrist abhominabilej" Dunbar and Ken- 
 nedy, 1. 526. 
 O. Fr. "bougrerie, buggerie, Sodomie ;" Cotgr. 
 
 To BUIK, and BUIKIN. V. Book, Booking. 
 
 BUIRD, BuRD, s. A bord or border, edging; 
 braid, brading ; also, embroidery ; Court of 
 Venus, i. 119. V. Bokd. 
 
 BUIRDING, BuiRDiN, s. Boards, covering 
 of boards ; as, " the huirdin o' the rufe," 
 "the shop was jist a run up o' buirding \" 
 West of S. V. BuRD. 
 
 BUIRDLY, adj. V. Burdly. 
 
 BUIT, Bute, But, s. Boot, advantage, pro- 
 fit ; hence, help, amends ; na buit, no help 
 for it, nothing better, no amends, no profit. 
 
 I coiinsall thee mak vertew of ane iieid : 
 
 Their was na buit, bot furth with thame scho yeid. 
 lienryson, Testament of Cresseid, 1. 481. 
 A.-S. bdt, help, amends ; hence bUan, to help ; and 
 cf. bet, better. 
 
 To BuiT, Bute, v. a. To profit, advantage, 
 
 help, assist, amend; " Quha sail me bate?" 
 
 Henryson, Lyoun and Mous, 1. 136. 
 
 To buit, E. to boot, as used in bargain making, is not 
 a v., as some have stated ; it means "for an advantage 
 or profit ; " hence, " in addition, over and above." 
 
 BUIT, part. pt. Bowed, decked with bows of 
 ribbon. 
 
 Her goun suld be of all gaidnes, 
 Begareit with fresche bewtie, 
 Buit with rubanis of richtuusnes, 
 And persewit with prosi)eritie. 
 
 Bann. MS., fol. 228 b; p. 657, Hunt. C. 
 
 BUK, BUCKRAME, BUKRAM, BWKRAM, S. 
 
 Buckram, a kind of cloth ; Accts. L. H. 
 Treas., i. 37, 188, 203, Dickson ; Halybur- 
 tou's Ledger. 
 
 It has been supposed by soraethatthis cloth was origi- 
 nally made of goat's hair ; but, at a very early period it 
 appears to have been made of tine cotton, and worn 
 only by persons of rank. Sir Robert Cooke, vicar of 
 Hagley, bequeathed in 1537, "a bocram shert" and 
 "a payer of bocram shettis. " (Bury Wills, p. 129, 
 Camd. Soc). In later times the cloth appears to have 
 been made of flax, and therefrom it was less esteemt-d. 
 
 Fr. bougran, coarse stiflened stuff with open inter- 
 stices ; from It. bucherare, to perforate. Others derive 
 it from boc, a goat : hence, buckram is stuff made of 
 goat's hair. V. Diez, Rom. Diet. 
 
 BUKKIE, BuKKY, s. V. Buckie. 
 
 BULB, BuLBOCH, s. A disease among 
 sheep ; when infected, they drink water 
 until they swell — become like a bulb — and 
 burst, Gall. Encycl. 
 
 BULE, pi. BULIS, s. V. Boul. 
 
 BULLACE, Bullister, s. A large sloe, 
 wild plum ; West of S. 
 
 The name is also applied to the bush on which this 
 fruit grows ; 0. Fr. bellocier, id. Cotgr., belloce, Roq. 
 
 BULLION, s. A name for gold or silver 
 lace ; but when used in pi. hulliones, it gen- 
 erally means little balls, knobs, or bosses of 
 gold or silver for ornamenting articles of 
 dress, &c. 
 
 " Bulliones for purses, the groce contening tuelf 
 dozen," etc. Haly burton's Ledger, p. 293. 
 
 Fr. bouillon, from L. Lat. buUio, bulliona, a mass of 
 gold or silver ; Du Cange. In its second meaning, the 
 term may be derived from Lat. bulla, a boss. 
 
 BUMMLE, V. and s. A corr. of bungle, 
 botch, blunder, with all its varieties of appli- 
 cation ; West and North of S. 
 
 BUM-PIPE, s. A vulgar name for the plant 
 Dandelion; prob. because its long tubular 
 flower-stalks are made into bum-pipes by 
 children. Syn. Fisstebed, corresponding to 
 the French name Fisseniit. 
 
 BUMPKIN BRAWLY. An old song: also 
 the tune of the song, or the dance to which 
 that tune is played, Gall. 
 The song is : — 
 
 Wha learn'd you to dance. 
 
 You to dance, you to dance, 
 
 Wha learn'd you to dance— 
 
 A country bumpkin brawly ? 
 
 My mither learn'd me when I was young. 
 
 When I was young, when I was yoimg, 
 
 My mither learn'd me when I was young. 
 
 The country bumpkin brawly. 
 The tune of this song is always played to the dance 
 which ends a ball in the South of S. Words, tune, 
 and dance are almost the same as in the "Cushion" or 
 " Babitij Boicster." 
 
 BUNDIN, BuNDYN, part. pt. Bound ; Bar- 
 bour, V. 300, vii. 115 : A.-S. bindan. 
 
 BUNEUCH, BuNNEUCH, Bunyeuch, «. 
 
 Diarrhoea: generally used in the pi. buneuchsy. 
 purgings. V. Bunyoch. 
 
 BUNJEL, BuNYED, 8. A burden of straw^ 
 hay, or fern, Gall.: prob. a corr. of Bundle. 
 
 BUNKER, BuNKART, s. 1. A rough heap 
 of stones or refuse ; Fife, Banff. 
 
 2. A term in golfing, applied to a sand-pit or 
 a patch of rough stony ground. A ball in 
 sucii a position is said to be bunkered. 
 
 BUNNIS, s. PI. of Bun, a cask, q. v. 
 
 BUNSE, Bunch, s. Applied to a girl or 
 young woman who is squat and corpulent, 
 'Gall.\^ Ayrs. V. Bunch, v. 
 
 To BUNT, V. n. To cast about, cater, beg, 
 work. 
 
 Tho' I was born armless, an' aye unco wee, 
 My Maggie was mnckle an' bunted for nie. 
 
 James Ballantine, Maggy and Willie, s. 1.- 
 
BUO 
 
 [61] 
 
 BUR 
 
 Gael, buinnig, to win, gain, acquire ; from huin, to 
 treat, bargain, or take away. 
 
 BUOCK, s. A pimple; Orkn. 
 
 Icel. hogna, to become curved or bent ; allied to hogi, 
 a bow ; A.-S. boga, Ger. bogen. 
 
 BUR, BuRE, pret. 1. Bore, carried ; bur the 
 
 flour, was the loveliest, lit. carried off the 
 
 prize. Henryson, The Bludy Serk, 1. 9. 
 
 A.-S. beran. 
 
 Other forms of this expression are bure the hell, drawn 
 from the custom of silver bells as the prize at races ; 
 and bure the gre, won or held the highest place, drawn 
 from the custom of seating the honourable guest on the 
 dais, which rose a step or two above the level of the 
 floor. 
 
 2. Pressed, forced, drove ; bur thame bakwart, 
 drove them back ; Houlate, 1. 498, Bann. 
 
 MS. 
 
 To BURBLE, Burbel, v. n. To bubble, 
 bell, or boil, like water from a spring ; to 
 purl. West of S. Add. to Burble, q. v. 
 
 Burhyll, Prompt. Parv. ; burbly, bubbling, Lydgate, 
 Minor Poems, p. 181. 
 
 Burble, Burbel, s. A bell or bubble on 
 water ; a purl, purling, Ibid. 
 
 BURD, s. A var. of bourd, meaning a plea- 
 sant device, a bit of flattery. Addit. to 
 Bourd. 
 
 Quhilk was that thay wald Venus make content 
 Be sum new burd, and hir plesour fulfill. 
 
 Court of Venus, iv. 418. 
 
 BURD, BwRD, s. Board, maintenance ; 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 180. Dickson. 
 Addit. to Burd. 
 
 BURD ALEXANDER, s. V. Bord Alex- 
 ander. 
 
 BUREIT, part. pt. A corrupt form of 
 Beryit, or Beriet, buried ; Houlate, 1. 530, 
 Bann. MS. ; the Asloan MS. has Beryit. 
 
 BURELIE, adj. V. Burdly, Burly. 
 
 The later form burly came to mean merely large and 
 strong : the idea of stateliness being dropped, as, 
 "He's a burly c\\2i^." In this sense it was used by 
 Henryson, in his " Ressoning betwixt Aige aud 
 Yowth," 1. 20, " with breist burly and braid." 
 
 BURGANDYNE, s. A brigandine ; Burgh 
 Recs. Edinburgh, 10 Aug., 1498. V. Brigin- 
 tyne. 
 
 BURGH AND LAND. Town and country ; 
 
 Dunbar. V. Land. 
 
 The country district of a parish is still called the 
 landwart district. 
 
 BURGH-GREVE, Burow-Greff, Burow- 
 Greyff, s. a magistrate of a burgh. 
 "The 6urou)-^?-e^may nocht thruch rycht do naman 
 
 to aithe for brekyn of assyse, bot gif ony man plenyeis 
 hym of othir." Bur^h Laws, ch. 38. 
 
 The form borow-greff is also used in this old law book. 
 
 A.-kS. burh, burg, a fort, from beorgan, to protect; 
 and gerefa, a steward, a bailiff. 
 
 BURIALL BEERE, s. Prob. an errat. for 
 
 BariaU-lare. V. next entry. 
 
 " there can be nothing more incompatible nor 
 
 the same thing to be made an buriall-beere. and to re« 
 main a kirk both at once," &c. Blame of Kirkburiall, 
 ch. xvii. 
 
 Buriall-Lare, s. Burial-place, last resting- 
 place, grave. V. Lare. 
 
 " blessed with the bed-fellowship of Jesus in 
 
 our buriall lare." Ibid., oh. viii. 
 
 BURNBECKER, s. A name given to the 
 
 water-ousel, and also to the water-wagtail. 
 
 " This bird is a frequenter of burns or streams of 
 water ; it keeps its body in continual motion, beck- 
 becking : hence the name burnbecker." Gall. Encycl. 
 
 BURNMEN, s. pi. Water-carriers; also 
 called burn-leaders: men mIio carried water 
 from burns and wells to supply the brewers, 
 dyers, skinners, &c., in a manufacturing 
 town. Burgh Recs. Edin., 4 May, 1580. 
 
 The entry referred to records one of many enact- 
 ments of the magistrates of Edinburgh forbidding the 
 burnmen or burn leaders to take water from the public 
 wells during a time of drought. 
 
 The record informs us that a considerable number'of 
 women made their living by carrying water to the 
 inhabitants : they are called ivemen waiter bereris. 
 After forbidding the water-'^arriers, both men and 
 women, to take water from the wells, it discbarges 
 "the wemen of the said tred in all tymes heirafter," 
 and commands "the nychtbouris to serue thame selffis 
 be thair feyit and houshald seruandis as thai sail half 
 ado." 
 
 To BURN NITS. This is one of the super- 
 stitious customs observed on Hallowe'en, and 
 greatly favoured by the younger members 
 of the company convened for the occasion. 
 See Burns, Hallowe'en, s. 7-10. 
 
 Not the least attraction of this charm is that the 
 performers can divine regarding the future of their 
 friends as well as regarding their own. And the per- 
 formance of the charm often occasions a display of 
 feelings which interested parties know how to read, 
 and on which much future speculation may be founded. 
 The charm is worked thus : — The party places two- 
 nuts in the tire, one after the other, naming (aloud or 
 in secret) the lad and lass to each particular nut as it 
 is placed ; and according as the nuts burn quietly to- 
 gether, or start asiile from each other, so will the 
 course and issue of the courtship of the persons repre* 
 sented be. V. Burns, Hallowe'en, note to st. 7. 
 
 BUROWAGE, BuRRAiQE, s. and adj, V. 
 under Borow. 
 
 BURREAW, BuRRiAWE, Burreour, s. V. 
 
 BURIO. 
 
 BURRO RUDIS. V. Burgh Roods. 
 
BUR 
 
 [62] 
 
 BUT 
 
 BURROWSTOUN, Buruatoun, s. 
 
 BORROWSTOUN. 
 
 V. 
 
 BURSE, Burs, Burss, s. Lit. a purse, and 
 often so ap})liecl ; but generally used as short 
 for a bursary for a student ; Burgh Recs. 
 Aberd., ii. 365, 381. V. Bursary. 
 
 Bursar, Bursour, s. A purser, treasurer, 
 receiver of monies collected; Ibid., i. 123. 
 Addit. to Bursar. 
 
 BURSEN KIRN, s. Lit. a hursten Mm : 
 
 harvesting accomplished with great labour 
 
 and difficulty. 
 
 " Thus, if the last of the crop cannot be got cut by 
 the shearers for all they can work until night be set in, 
 then they say they have had a biirsen kirn ; they have 
 burst themselves almost before they got the last cut or 
 girn shorn." Gall. Encycl. 
 
 To BUSH, Bush Up, v. a. and n. To move 
 nimbly about, work heartily ; also, to make 
 clean and tidy, brighten up : in the latter 
 sense, bush up is generally used ; West of 
 
 s. 
 
 This term is used much like E. push; and is prob., 
 like buss, another form of busk, q. v. 
 
 BUSING-STANE, Busin-stane, s. The 
 
 stone set up as a partition between cows in 
 
 a byre : lit. stalling stone. " You twa wad 
 
 need a busin-stane atween ye : " addressed to 
 
 quarrelsome children. West of S. V. 
 
 BUSE. 
 
 In Lanarkshire this partition is called a icclr-btise, 
 q. V. 
 
 To BUSK FLIES. To dress fly hooks. V. 
 To Busk Hukes. 
 
 BUSKY, BusKiE, adj. Bushy; poet, form 
 of Bussie, q. v. E. bosky. V. under 
 Buss. 
 
 BUSPIKAR, Boyspikar, Byspikar, s. A 
 
 large spike-nail, used in ship-building. 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 253, 334, 357. 
 
 Du. buis, a small ship, and spijker, a nail. 
 
 BUSSOME, BissouM, s. Besom, broom ; 
 
 pron. buzzom, bizzum. 
 
 And Jouet the weido on ane hussome rydand. 
 
 Dunbar, Birth of Antichrist, 1. 34. 
 
 A.-S. besma, bescm, Du. bezem, Ger. besen-, a broom, 
 a rod. " The oii^^inal sense seems to have been a rod ; 
 or perhaps a collection of twigs or rods." Skeat, 
 Etym. Diet. 
 
 BUT, Bout, s, V. Bat, Bot. 
 
 BUT, BwTE, .s. Bute ; a Scottish pursuivant, 
 who took his designation from the island of 
 Bute. Pron. hint. 
 " Itena, the xj day of Nouember, in Lythqus, to Bui 
 
 to pas to Berwylc with letteres, xxiiij s." Accts. L. 
 H. Tieas., i. I'M. 
 
 BUT AND BEN, ado. In the same entry, 
 or, on the same landing, of a dwelling 
 house; in opposite sides of the same entry 
 or landing ; as, " Ken her ! we leeve but an' 
 ben wi' ither;" Clydes. Addit. under But. 
 
 BUTE, s. and v. Advantage, profit. V. 
 Buit. 
 
 BUTHIS, s. pi. Booths, shops; Burgh Laws. 
 
 V. BOTHE. 
 
 BuTHMAN, cs. The keeper of a booth or 
 covered stall, a sho]ikeeper ; Dunbar, Tailye- 
 our and Sowtar, 1. 19. 
 
 BUTIS, s. pi. Biitis of leathr, pieces of 
 tanned leather. V. under ]5utt. 
 
 BUTTEREGE, Buttrish, s. A buttress ; 
 
 Burgh Rec. Edin., iii. 35, 36;*pl. butteregeSy 
 
 and in A'V est of S. pron. buttrishes. 
 
 O. Fr. boideretz, houterets, buttresses ; from bouter, 
 to thrust. In discussing the orii;in of the term 
 buttress. Prof. Skeat says, with reference to some 
 quotations by Wedgwood, " It thus appears that 
 b.,tiress=bouterets, and is reaUy a plural ! The Fr. 
 plural suffix -ez or -ets was mistaken, in English, for 
 the commoner Fr. suffix -esse, Eng.-es». " Suppl. 
 Etym. Diet., p. 789. 
 
 BUTTRIE, s. Lit. the place for butts or 
 bottles. The place or passage for the 
 buckets in a draw-well ; also, the buckets 
 and the apparatus for working them. 
 
 The Cabok may be called covetyce, 
 
 Quhilk blomis braid in mony mannis ee, 
 
 Wa worth the well of that wickit vyce ; 
 For it is all bot fraud and fantasie, 
 Dryvand ilk man to leip in the huttrie, 
 
 That dounwart drawis unto the pane of hell. 
 
 Christ keip all Cbristianis from that wickit Well. 
 
 llenryson. The Fox and Wolf, 1. 222. 
 
 In his Gloss, to Henryson Dr. Laing renders butti-ie, 
 "scullery, pantry ;" which is wrong. In the fable of 
 "The Uplandis Mous " and "The Barges Mous," 
 1. 44, the term is certainly so applied ; but here the 
 application is quite different, and must be either to 
 the moveable buckets or to the passage in which they 
 move ; for all the references are to a draw-well and the 
 working of the buckets. Besides, the term bultrie, 
 butterie, like all Fr. wordf? so teiniinating, is capable 
 of various applications ; like bourherie, which may 
 mean the trade of a butcher, a butcher's shop, stall, 
 or stock, a slaughter-house, or indiscriminate slanghter. 
 
 O. Fr. boute, Fr. botte, a cask ; from which bouteil/e, 
 a bottle, a hollow vessel, bouteillerie, a collection of 
 such vessels, a place for storing them, for making or 
 selling them, a cupboard or a table to set them on ; 
 and thence M. E. botelerie, E. buttery, with various 
 applications. 
 
 BUTTS, BuTTiS. A pair of butds, the dis- 
 tance between the two targets set up for 
 the practice of archery, a bow-shot, bow- 
 drauiiht ; Burjxh Records Aberd., ii. 324. 
 Butt is, ia the first place, the target itself ; but 
 
BUY 
 
 [63] 
 
 BYR 
 
 when archery was more than a genteel pastiiuej dis- 
 tance was generally reckoned in this manner. The 
 recortl ref rred to aWove also gives " distaub thairfra 
 ane halff pair of butti^ or tbairby " ; and farther on, 
 "within ane quarter pair of bultis or thairby." Pp. 
 324-325. Addit. to Butt. 
 
 BUYlt, pret. Bore. V. Buike. 
 
 BUYT-TllEIS, Buit-Trees, s. pi Boot- 
 trees, or lasts for boots ; Burgh Kecs. 
 Aberdeen, i. 176. 
 
 BWGE, s. V. BuGE. 
 
 BWNTE, s. Goodness ; Barbour, x. 294. A 
 corr. form of bovnte, in (Jauib. MS. ; Edin. 
 MS. has bounte. 
 
 BYKIR, Bykkir, Bykkyr, Bykyk, s. and v. 
 • V. Bicker. 
 
 BYKNYS, s. pi. Beacons for guiding vessels 
 into harbour or past a dangerous coast. 
 
 " . . . for tlie oiittakiug of the greit stanis in the 
 hevin and redding of the chaniiell betuix the byknys." 
 Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, 31 May, 1504. 
 
 A.-S. bedcen, a sign, a nod. 
 
 BYLAND, s. Lit., a side land, adjoining 
 land; and in this sense it is still used; also, 
 a portion of land jutting out into the sea, a 
 peninsula. 
 
 " Ardrossau Castell in respect it is situated on a 
 swelling kuope of a rock running from a toung of land 
 advancing from the maine land in the sea, and almost 
 environed with the same ; for Boss in the ancient 
 Brittish tounge signifies a byland or peninsula." 
 Timothy Pont, MS. in Advocates Library, written 
 about 1620. 
 
 This term is given in Hall i well's Diet, with a note 
 that it was probably intro luced by Harrison in his 
 Descriptione of Britaine, which was published in 1577. 
 Tlais may be correct as regards the meaning peniiisula; 
 but in the sensrf of o«i-land, additional or side-1 i,nd, 
 the term is ceitainly very much older. It is a common 
 name in the upland districts of the West and South of 
 S. for thosd patches of marsh or bog land from which 
 the farmer is allowed to cut hay for his cattle : such 
 laud bemg bif, beside or additional to, the farm proper. 
 
 BY^LE, Bile, s. A boil, a sore; pi. bi/lis, 
 pimples, pustules, marks of leprosy; Henry- 
 son, Test. Ores., 1. 395. 
 
 The same forms are used in Piers Plowman. A.-S. 
 bi/l, by'le, Da. bail, bule, Dan. byld, a blain, blister. 
 
 BYMARK, cS. Private mark, merchant or 
 
 trade mark : also, emblem, arms, motto. 
 
 " . . . and ilk ane of thair craftis to haue thair 
 bymarkis on thair awiu baunaiis that thai mik priuci- 
 pale cost vpoun for the keiping of the samyn ; " etc. 
 Bur^h. Kec. Edinburgh, 15 May, 1509. 
 
 BYNALL, s. A tall lame man, Gall. Encycl. 
 
 BY-NAME, BrE-NAME,s. Originally the epi- 
 thet to one's name, whieh almost every one 
 had ; this was common on both sides of tiie 
 border. The term now means a nickname. 
 
 and is so used from Shetland to the Humber» 
 Syn. to-name. 
 
 In his Gloss, of North Country Words, Brockett 
 gives the following example of bynamen from Mait- 
 land's Complayut. Of the Liddesdale thi'.veshe says :. 
 Ilk ane of thanie has ane to-name 
 
 Will of the Lawis, 
 
 Hab of the Schawls, 
 
 To make bair wawis 
 
 They think na schanie. 
 The by-name was an absolute nece-sity in clans, fish- 
 ing villnges, &c , where there were many persons of the 
 same name. I remember an instance of a gi andfather, 
 bis son, and three grandsons, each named Tarn Wylie, 
 who w ere usually sjioken of as Auld Tarn, and Wee 
 Tarn, Tailor Tarn, Nailer Tam, and Bowlie Tarn. To- 
 the boys of my time these were the persons' nick- 
 names ; but to our parents and the older people the by- 
 names were simply distinctive. 
 
 BYND, Bynde, s. A bundle or a packet of 
 a certain size, or fixed number of articles; 
 a b^/nd of skins contained twenty -four skins^ 
 Addit. to Bind. 
 
 " . . . of a bynde of skynnys of schorlyng, that 
 is to say twenty four, a penny," etc. Assize of Petty 
 Customs, ch. 5. 
 
 BYNT, s. Bent, bent-grass ; also the com- 
 mon or waste land on which it grows ; 
 Burgh Rec. JPrestwick, 9 Oct., 1525. V. 
 Bent, Bent-Siluer. 
 
 BY-ORDINAR, By-Ord'nar, adj. Extra« 
 ordinary, far above common ; Clydes. V» 
 Anordina?', Unordinar. 
 
 Wi' a face like the moon, sober, sonsy, and douce, 
 And a back, for it's breadth, like the side o' a house, 
 'Tweel, I'm unco ta'en up wi't, they mak' a' sae plain : — 
 He's just a town's talk — he's a hy-ord'nar wesn. 
 Wm. Miller, The Wonder/a' Wean, Whistle Binkie, ii. 316. 
 
 BY-PUT, By-Pit, s. A temporary substi- 
 tute, a pretence ; also, a slight repast before 
 meal-lime; S. 
 
 BYRNE-JRNE, Byrn-airn, s. A burning 
 
 or hot iron ; an iron for branding goods, 
 
 cattle, criminals. V. Birn, Burn-airn. 
 
 " . , and ane byrve-jrne to be put vpone thair 
 cbekis that brekis ony of the s^aidis statutis," &c. 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 27 July, 1529. Sp. C. 
 
 BYRNYS, s. pi. Breastplates. V. Birnie. 
 
 BYRTHEN, Byrthene, Byrthing, Byr- 
 DING, Byrth, Byrtht, Byrn, s. a bur- 
 den : also burden, as applied to capacity of 
 vessels. Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, i. 173. V. 
 Birth, Birding. 
 
 Byrthensak, s. 1. Theft of goods which 
 the thief could carry off on his shoulder. 
 
 2. A court for the trial of such cases of theft: 
 tiie baronial right to hold such courts; 
 Scotch Leg. Antiq., p. 246. Addit. to Ber- 
 thinsek. 
 
BYR 
 
 [64] 
 
 CAF 
 
 Jamieson's etym. of this term is incorrect : should be 
 A.-S. byrthen, a burden, a load carried, and sacu, 
 cause, dispute, law-suit. From sacu comes E. sake. 
 
 BYRYNS, Byrynnis, s. pi. V. Byrunis. 
 
 BYSMARE, Bysmer, s. Reproacli, dis- 
 honour : hence applied to a lewd or immoral 
 person. Addit. to Bismare. 
 
 BYSPIKAR, Boyspikar, s. V. Buspikar. 
 
 BYSS, Buss, Byssie, s. Bedding for cattle, 
 straw, etc. ; also, the soft, dry material with 
 which a bird's nest is lined ; Shetl., Orkn. 
 
 BY-THAN, BiTHAN, adv. By that time, 
 before that time, then; as, "Next year! I 
 may be dead by-than." 
 
 By then is a common phrase throughout England; 
 and its pron. varies according to the dialect used. 
 
 BY-TIME, s. Odd time, odd hours, intervals 
 of leisure; as, "I've aye a book for by-time; 
 " At a by-time^^ now and then, occasioQ- 
 allv, S. 
 
 C. 
 
 CAAR, Carrie, adj. and s. Left, left- 
 handed ; a person who is left-lmnded ; 
 Ayrs. V. Cair, Ker. 
 
 Caar, carrie, and carrie-liandit are still in use ; also 
 the synon. kippie. 
 Gael, caerr, left. 
 
 CABIL-STOK, Caipstok, «. A capstan, 
 Compl. Scot., p. 40, E.E.T.S., Burgh Recs. 
 Edin., ii. 61. 
 
 The form caipstok of the Edin. Recs. is a corr. of 
 caibstok, a shortened form of cabil-stok, i.e., the stock 
 or holding frame for the cable. 
 
 CACH, s. The game of tennis, or a game 
 similar to it. V. Caitche. 
 
 "Item, that samyn day [10th May, 1496], in 
 Striuelin, to the King to play at the each vi li. x s." 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 275. 'Dickson. 
 
 This game was a favourite amusement in the time of 
 James IV. and James V. ; and the place where it was 
 played was called the cachpule. Ibid., Gl. 
 
 €ACKER, s. V. Calker, Cauker. 
 
 CA'D, pret. and part. pt. Called ; as, " They 
 cad him Tam." V. Call. 
 
 Ca's, s. and V. 
 Fridav." V. 
 
 Calls; 
 Call. 
 
 as, " He ca^s in every 
 
 Necessity's demands and ca'i 
 War very gleg. 
 Alex. Wilson, The Insulted Pedlar, s. 9. 
 
 To CADGE, Cage, v. a. To hawk or peddle 
 wares ; to carry bundles or loads ; also, to 
 go about from place to place collecting 
 articles for sale, as eggs, butter, poultry, 
 &c. Addit. to Cadge, Cache. 
 
 Cadged, adj. 
 . above. 
 
 Used in all the senses given 
 
 Cadger, Cagear, s. One who hawks 
 peddles, carries, or collects, as stated above ; 
 a porter, a messenger ; Accts. L. H. Treas., 
 i. 252. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson's statement that cadger properly 
 denotes a fish carrier, is certainly incorrect, or applies 
 to certain districts only. 
 
 Cadging, part, and s. Used in all the senses 
 given above. 
 
 Cadger-Pownie's Death. Death through 
 starvation, or through neglect and starva- 
 tion. 
 
 Then up I gat, an' swoor an aith, 
 
 Tho' I should pawn my plengh and graith, 
 
 Or die a cadger pownie's death 
 
 At some dyke back, 
 A pint an' gill I'd gie them baith 
 
 To hear your crack. 
 
 Burns to Lapraik, sL 7. 
 
 CADIE, Caddie. Cad, s. 1. The name 
 
 given to the lad who cai'ries the clubs of a 
 
 golf-player, and, if necessary, gives him 
 advice regarding the game. 
 
 2. A boy's cap ; generally applied to a glen- 
 gary ; Renfrews., Lanarks. Addit. to 
 Cadie. 
 
 CADIOUM, Caddioum, s. A cask, a barrel : 
 generally applied to one of large size, and 
 to a tun or vat. 
 
 " . . . and viij s. and daling of thair aill, and 
 striking out of thair caddioum bodoum, for the third 
 fait." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, i. 210, s. c. 
 
 If this is not a corr. of caldron, it may be from Lat. 
 cadus, a cask. 
 
 CAFFUNYEIS, s. pL 
 ings. 
 
 Prob. gaiters, legg- 
 
CAG 
 
 [65] 
 
 CAL 
 
 " Item, that aamyn day [26th January, 1496] payit 
 to Thom Home for butis, schone, pantovinis, and 
 caffunzeis, tane to the King agane Zule ; that is to say, 
 a pare of butis, thre pare of singil solit schone, ij pare 
 of caffunzeis, a pare of pantovinis, a pare of doubil solit 
 schone, and ij pare of caffunzeis to tbaim, xxix s. vj d." 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 311. Dickson. 
 
 Gael, culpa, calf of the leg, pi. calpannan ; similar to 
 the E. leg, leggings. Another form is culpa na coise. 
 
 CAGEAR, s. A cadger. V. under Cadge. 
 
 To CAGHT, Caught, Caught, Chawcht, 
 
 Cacht, v. v. To purchase, buy ; pret. and 
 
 part. pt. same as pres. A corr. of caft, coft. 
 
 For Conyie ye may chawcht hir. 
 
 Alex. Scott, Wantoun Weinen, st. 4. 
 
 €AGIELIE, Cagie, adj. Fondly, lovingly, 
 jocosely; Whistle Binkie, ii. 238. V. 
 Caigie. 
 
 CAIN, s. V. Cane. 
 
 •CAIN, KEN, s. A denomination of weight 
 used for cheese, equal to 300 stone ; also, 
 the quantity of cheese made by a farmer 
 during one season. West of S. 
 
 "It is not uncommon in Ayrshire for a farmer's 
 wife and one female servant, besides milking the cows, 
 washing clothes, etc., etc., to make in one summer a 
 ken of cheese ; a ken consists of 300 stone, trone 
 weight." Ure's Agriculture in Dumbarton, pp. 76-17, 
 
 Gael, cinneus, growth, produce : from cinn, cinnich, 
 to grow, increase, multiply ; M'Leod & Dewar. 
 
 CAIP, Cape, s. A cope, an ecclesiastical 
 
 vestment. Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 The examples given by Jamieson refer to this vest- 
 ment, not to the common cape or short mantle. 
 
 GAIPSTOK, s. V. Cabil-Stok. 
 
 OAIRFULL, adj. Sad, sorrowful, mourn- 
 ful, anxious, melancholv; Douglas, Virgil, 
 vi., ch. 7 ; Henryson, Test. Cres., 1. 310. 
 
 A.-S. caru, cearu, sorrow, care, Grein ; Goth, kara, 
 sorrow. 
 
 CAIRSAY, s. A woollen stuff. V. Kersey. 
 
 CAIS, Kais, s. pi. Jackdaws. V. Kay. 
 
 OAKE FIDDLER, Caik Fidler, Cayk 
 Fydlar, s. Lit. a cake-wheedler, one who 
 works or obliges for the gain it brings, a 
 self-seeker, a parasite : Douglas. V. Caik 
 Fumler. 
 
 This term is given in Dict. as caik-fumler, which is 
 found to be a misreading of cuik fidler. V. Small's 
 Ed. of Douglas, iv. 248. Fiddling is still used for fawn- 
 ing, feigning work or kindness, &c., in order to gain an 
 end ; and feedlin, fidlin, is the Aberdeenshire pron. of 
 wheedling. 
 
 To CALANGE, Calenge, Callange, 
 V. a. To claim, challenge, accuse, speak 
 against, revile. Same as Challange, q. v. 
 (Sup.) I 
 
 CAL AN YE, C ALAN year, Calanyour, «. 
 
 V. under Chalange. 
 
 Calanye, Calenye, Callanye, Callenye, 
 
 s. Same as Chalange, q. v. PI. callenyeis, 
 
 Halyburton's Ledger, p. 268. 
 
 Both V. and s. have very many applications, but as 
 law terms their usual form is Chalange, Ghallange, q. v. 
 The form Ccdani/e or Callenye, generally implies evil 
 speaking, false charges. 
 
 To CALCUL, Calculd, v. a. To calculate ; 
 pret. and part. pt. calculd; Rob Stene's 
 Dream, p. 27. 
 
 CALDWAR, Caldward, Calwart, adj. 
 
 Coldish, somewhat cold ; West of S., Shetl. 
 V. Cald. 
 
 CALF, s. Chaff; Henryson, Preiching of 
 the Swallow, 1. 233. V. Caff. 
 
 CALF, s. and adj. Infield grass, enclosed or 
 protected pasture ; generally it means grass, 
 pasture, as in the phrase, crop and calf, crop 
 and grass. V. Calf-Sod, Calf-Ward. 
 
 man ! but mercie, quhat is in thy thocht ? — 
 Thow has aneuuh : the pure husband richt nocht 
 Bot croip and calf upon ane clout of land. 
 
 Henryson, Wolf and Lamh, 1. 123. 
 
 To CALF, Calfet, Calfin, Calfind, v. a. 
 To caulk, close ; calf, calfet, Sempill 
 Ballates, p. 230 ; calfin, calfind, Accts. L. 
 Treas., i. 378. V. Colf. 
 
 These are shortened forms of Fr. calfater. In Bann. 
 MS. Sempill's poem has calf, afterwards altered to 
 calfet. V. Hunterian Club Ed., p. 349. 
 
 Calfater, Calfuter, s. A caulker. 
 
 CALIMANCO, s. A kind of cloth ; a corr. 
 of Lat. camelaucum ; Plalyburton's Ledger, 
 p. 327. 
 
 The term occurs in the list of "Customs, &c., in 
 1612," under the sect, "wroght silk" goods. 
 
 CALK, Caulk, Cauk, s. Chalk; also, a 
 chalk mark. Addit. to Cawk. 
 
 To Calk, Caulk, Cauk, v. a. To chalk, to 
 
 mark with chalk, also, to write with it. 
 
 The cunnar or taster having valued the ale shall 
 *' calk apoun a dur alsmony scoris with calk as the 
 galoun salbe salde of the saide aile." Burgh Kecs. 
 Prestwick, p. 17. Maitland Club Series. 
 
 To CALK, Cauk, Cawk, Calker, Cauker, 
 V. a. To fix iron plates or guards on the 
 heels of boots or shoes, to point or sharpen 
 horse-shoes to prevent slipping during frost. 
 
 A.-S. calc, a shoe, borrowed from Lat. calceus, a 
 der. of calx, the heel ; calcare, to tramp, tread, press 
 or press out by means of treading on ; hence, the idea 
 of pressing or driving home, ramming, cramming, &c., 
 which is implied in calking the seams of a ship, the 
 plates of a boiler, &c. 
 
 Both Irish and Gael, have calc, to calk, press, &c. ; 
 
CAL 
 
 [66] 
 
 CAN 
 
 but prob. like the A.-S., adopted from the Lat. ; cer- 
 tainly, in neither case is the term derived from the 
 Celtic word for the heel. 
 
 Calk, Cauk, Cawk, s. Calking ; a sharpen- 
 ing of a horse's shoes on account of frost ; 
 as, " I man gie the horse a calk the day." 
 The form calking is also nsed. 
 
 Calker, Cauker, Caavker, s. 1. An iron 
 plate or guard for the heel of a boot or shoe. 
 
 2. One who makes those iron heel-plates, a 
 maker or sharpener of horse shoes, also, a 
 nailer or maker of iron furnishings for shoe- 
 makers. 
 
 Calk and calker are also used in their ordinary E. 
 meanings. And in Dumfries, the name calker or cauker 
 is applied to a country blacksmith, and to a worker in 
 rod and plate iron ; prob. because a large portion of his 
 work is in connection with shoes for man and horse. 
 
 C ALLENYE, Callanye. V. under Chalange. 
 
 CALLET, s. A wench, jade, doxy, trull, 
 
 drah, scold, &c. ; a term of contempt. 
 
 Particular meaniiigs are represented by the 
 
 adj. prefixed. Cf. Gael, caile. 
 
 I'm as happy with my wallet, my bottle, and my callet. 
 As when I used in scarlet to follow the drum. 
 
 Burns, Jolly Beggars. 
 
 Here's our ragged brats and callets I 
 
 Ibid. 
 
 The term is common in North of Eng. V. Brockett's 
 Gloss, It was used also by Skelton and Shakespeare. 
 
 To CALLOW, V. n. To calve, Shetl. V. 
 Calice. 
 
 CALPE, Calpes, Calpich, s. V. Caupe. 
 
 CALSHESj 5. A portion of dress for boys. 
 For younger boys it is a sort of slip-dress 
 buttoned behind, forming jacket and 
 trousers ; for older boys it forms vest and 
 trousers, and a jacket is w^orn above. 
 
 The taylors too maun fung awa', 
 
 Or else they'll har'ly mak it ; 
 For bien fo'ks callans maun be braw, 
 
 Wi' caUhcs an' a jacket. 
 
 Wat. Watson, Chryiton Fair, st. 3. 
 
 0. Fr. calfons, calsons, close linen breeches, under 
 slops. 
 
 CALSIE, Calsay, s. and v. V. Cause. 
 
 CALWE, Call, Cawe, 
 West of S. V. Ca'. 
 
 Used also as a v. : cawe and caw are the most common 
 forms, prob. because they best represent the pron. ; 
 as, " The coo cawd the day." Callow is the form used 
 in Shetl. 
 
 PI. calwin, cawes, caws, cows; all these forms occur in 
 the Burgh Kecs. of Prestwick ; also the form kawis. 
 
 " . . of a last of hert hydys aucht peniis, of a 
 dakyr of hynd cahcis thre half peniis," &c. Assize of 
 Petty Customs, ch. 5. 
 
 " . . ony persoune or personis that apprehendis 
 cans within his corne," &c. Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 
 15 Oct. 1554. 
 
 Caw, s. a calf, 
 
 CA'M, Caum, adj. Calm, still, low, quiet, 
 Keep a cdm, souch, keep silence, say nothing. 
 
 Ae ca'm, blae, bitter frosty day. 
 
 Alex. Wilson, Rabby's Mistake, s. 2. 
 
 CAME, s. A comb : applied to every sort of 
 comb natural and artificial. Not confined 
 to a honey-comb, as given in the Dict. 
 In the fable, the fox addressing the cock, says, — 
 Your beik, your breist, your hekill, and your came. 
 
 Henryson, Chantecleir and the Fox, 1. 58. 
 
 A.-S. camb, a comb or crest; Dan., Swed., and 
 Dutch, kam, id. 
 
 CAMMELOIT, s. Y. Chamlothe, Cham- 
 elet. 
 
 CAMMES, Cames, s. Canvas: not gauze, 
 as criven in DiCT. 
 
 Simply forms of cammas, a corr. of canvas : con- 
 sequently the etym. suggested is wrong. 
 
 CAMPIS, s. pi. Long locks, tangles, tufts; 
 Henryson, Paddok and Mous, 1. 28. In 
 the fable of the Lyoun and the Mous, 1. 
 10, it is misprinted lampis in Laing's Ed., 
 p. 151). 
 
 O. Fr. campoks. tendrils, twining or twisting fibres : 
 a dimin. from Celtic cam, crooked. But campis may 
 be short for camp hairs, lit. bent hairs, spelt campe 
 hceris in AUit. Poems, ed. Morris, B. 1695, and not 
 explained. 
 
 CAMSHEUCH, Camshoch, Camsho, adj. 
 
 Crooked, crippled, badly shaped ; and when 
 
 applied to temper or disposition, surly, gurly, 
 
 thrawn, cross-grained, cantankerous. Addit. 
 
 to Camscho. 
 
 Still used in both senses. Common in the works of 
 Alex. Wilson, and other poets of the West of S. It 
 occurs also in Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. xix. 
 
 CAN, Cann, s. An open or closed vessel of 
 metal, earthenware, or wood, in which 
 liquids or semi-liquids are contained, carried, 
 or kept ready for use. 
 
 This term has a much wider range of meaning in 
 Scot, than in Eng., and is applied to almost every sort 
 of vessel used for holding or containing liquids of semi ■ 
 liquids. For example, milk-cans, oil-cans, paint-cans, 
 are of all sorts, sizes, and materials ; and the small 
 tubs or vessels in which workmen mix and keep their 
 supply of plaster, lime, paste, &c., are called plaster- 
 cans, lime-cans, paste-cans, &c. 
 
 This application of the term can to anj' vessel used 
 for storing, carrying, or holding in readiness, has been 
 used since the earliest times of which we have record ; 
 but, whether the term is of Teutonic or Celtic origin is 
 still disputed. Certainly, its wide and varied applica- 
 tions in the West of S. agree better with Gael, can, 
 cann (which range in meaning from a reservoir or 
 vessel in general, to a cup or drinking vessel in 
 particular), than with any of the Tent, forms of the 
 word. It may be noted too, that in Gael., when a 
 drinking cup is specially meant the term canna (like 
 Scot, cannie, a little can), and its pi. cannachan (like 
 Scot, and Eng. cannikin, drinking cups), are used. 
 
CAN 
 
 [67] 
 
 CAP 
 
 CANARE, Kanek, s. A water-bailiff. 
 
 " For intruding themselves into the fishings of the 
 water of Findhorne and Spey and removeing of his 
 (the Earl of Murray's) kaneris, and placeing of thair 
 awne kaneris therein." Reg. Priv. Council, vi. 383. 
 
 Prob. Gael, ceannard, a chief, an overseer. 
 
 CANBUS, s. A coiT. or misprint of Canvas. 
 In the Assisa de Talloneis, ch. 8, it is 
 Cannes. Addit. to Canbus. 
 Jamieson left this term unexplained, but suggested 
 gourd-bottles as the meaning : which is a mistake. 
 
 CANDLEMAS KING, s. The title and 
 hononr conferred on the boj who ^nwe the 
 highest gratuity to the schoolmaster at 
 Candlemas: also, the boy who so excelled. 
 Among the girls there was a similar title 
 and honour, viz. : Candlemas Queen. V. 
 Candlemas Ckown. 
 
 CANE, Cain, Kain, Can, Chan, s. A 
 burden or duty paid by the occupier of 
 land to his superior. It consisted of a 
 fixed portion of the produce of the land. 
 Addit. to Kane. 
 
 The definition given in the Dict. is defective, and 
 the explanation is misleading. Indeed, only a small 
 portion of the article is correct. But in Jamieson's 
 day the term was not properly understood, and it is 
 only lately that a correct idea regarding it could be 
 formed. 
 
 The following statements by Mr. Skene, the famous 
 Celtic scholar and historian, are perhaps the simplest 
 and clearest that have yet been given on the subject. 
 Having stated various forms of Cane exacted by 
 superiors both highland and lowland, he concludes 
 that "it consisted of a portion of the produce of the 
 land, in grain when it was arable land, and in cattle 
 and pigs when pasture land. It was in fact the out- 
 come of the 'Bestighi,' or food-rent of the Irish laws, 
 and the ' Gwestva ' of the Welsh laws, paid by every 
 occupier of land to his superior. Over the whole of 
 Scotland, except in Lothian, it was a recognised burden 
 upon the crown lands and upon all lands not held by 
 feudal tenure, but it ceased as soon as the possessor of 
 the land was feudally invested." And regarding the 
 name of this burden he says : "The Can or Chan was 
 so termed from the Gaelic word 'Cain,' the primary 
 meaning of which was ' law. ' It was the equivalent 
 of the Latin word 'canon,' and like it was applied to 
 any fixed payment exigible by law." Celtic Scotland, 
 iii. 231. 
 
 CANNEL, Canle, s. A candle. 
 
 . . . . a " brilliant chandelier " 
 
 Was just a girr, that frae the laft hung down 
 
 Wi' cannels here an' there stuck on't a' rouu. 
 
 Alex. Wilson, The Spouter, 1. 160. 
 
 CANNIE, Canny, Caunie, adv. Slowly, 
 gently, carefully, frugally, honestly, pru- 
 dently, discreetly, &c. V. Canny, adj. 
 
 The adverbial use of this word is very common in 
 the West of Scotland, and its applications are 
 exceedingly varied. For example, * I canna rin noo, I 
 hae to gang cannie, rale cannie.' ' Slip out quite canny. ^ 
 ' The twa auld bodies live gey cannie ' (this may mean 
 quietly, carefully, frugally, prudently, or comfortably). 
 
 The same ideas may be expressed by, ' The twa are 
 gey cannie livin' auld bodies." 
 
 Some of the illustrations of canny as an adj. in DlCT. 
 are really adverbial ; V. under s. 4, 8, 10. 
 
 Of its use by our poets the following example may 
 suffice, — 
 
 And e'en envy his blessed fate, 
 Wha sat sae canny. 
 
 Alex. Wilson, Insulted Pedlar, s. 22. 
 Gat tippence worth to mend her head, 
 
 When it was sair ; 
 The wife slade cannie to her bed. 
 But ne'er spak mair. 
 
 Burns, Death and Dr. Hornbook, s. 25. 
 
 CANTEL, s. Errat. in Dict. for Cautel, 
 a trick, q. v. 
 
 This misreading of cautel was taken from Piukerton's 
 version of "The Houlate," copied from the Bann. M.S. 
 It appears also in the Hunterian Club ed. of that MS. 
 but the Asloan MS., which is followed in Dr. Laing's 
 version of the poem, gives cawtel. 
 
 As the sense of the passage is evident, Dr. Jamieson's 
 definition of cantel is what is implied by the right word, 
 cautel ; but in his note of explanation and etymology 
 he is altogether wrong. 
 
 CANTLE, Cantil, Cantel, s. 1. A corner, 
 projection, ledge, slice, portion broken or cut 
 from a mass : as, " A cantle o' the rock hung 
 owre us ; " "a cantle o cheese." 
 
 2. The crown, ridge, sheer, dividing line ; as, 
 " the cantle o' the cawsey," i.e., the line from 
 which the causeway cants or rolls downwards 
 to the side gutters, the crown of the cause- 
 way. 
 Addit. to Cantel. 
 
 CANTRAIP, Cantrip, adj. Uncommon, 
 supernatural, magic, charmed. Addit. to 
 Cantraip. 
 
 The term is so used in Burns' Tam o' Shanter, and 
 his Epistle to Major Logan. 
 
 To CAP, Caup, v. n. To bulge, twist, or 
 
 warp, like green wood ; pret. and part. pt. 
 
 capt, caupt ; West of S. 
 
 Gael, cop, to foam, heave up ; copan, a boss, dimple, 
 cup. 
 
 Cap, s. Short for capping, turning over, 
 rising up, like a small boat on a rough sea : 
 "at cap and koo," at rising and falling: 
 Sempill Ballates, p. 231. V. 
 
 Cappie, adj. Cup-shaped, hollow ; also, 
 warping, given to warping, like green wood, 
 as, " That timmer's unco cappie ;" Ayrs. 
 The term occurs in the old nursery rhyme, — 
 Roun, roun, rosy, cappie, cappie shell ! 
 The dog's awa to Hamilton to buy a new bell. 
 
 CAPADOS, Capidos, s. V. Capidoce. 
 CAPE, s. Cope : top. V. Caip. 
 
 " High stood the gibbet's dismal cape." 
 
 Alex. Wilson, The Shark, s. 10. 
 
CAP 
 
 [68] 
 
 CAR 
 
 Capstane, s. Copestone ; hence, the highest 
 or last thing, point, or position in a series ; 
 the crown, the worst or the best, the finish- 
 ing touch, completion. V. Cape-stane. 
 
 I've been poor, and vex'd, and raggy, 
 
 Try'd wi' troubles no that sma' ; 
 Them I bore — but marrying Maggy 
 
 Laid the capstane o' them a'. 
 
 Alex. Wilson, Watty and Meg, s. 9. 
 
 CAPERCAILYE, C apekcalye ane, Capul- 
 CAiLYiE, s. The great cock of the wood, 
 Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 Jamieson's definition is wrong, and his discussion of 
 the etym. only mystifies it. The explanation given by 
 Pennant is cert'i.inly the correct ono. The bird is called 
 Capercaih-e and Capulcailje, which are simply var. of 
 Gael, capull-coille, the great cock of the wood : lit. the 
 horse of the wood ; capull, a horse, being used fig. for 
 great, and in that sense applied to any great creature 
 of its kind. Cf. capull-Un, the great lint beetle. This 
 is prob. the explanation of the term capyl or capyll as 
 applied to a hen with a brood of chickens, and as a 
 general name for a domestic hen. The term is so used 
 in the Townley Mysteries. V. Gloss. 
 
 CAPERNUTIE, CAPERNUTED,ac?;. Slightly 
 elevated, or under the influence of liquor. 
 It is generally applied to that state called 
 talMri-fou. Addit. to Capernoitie. 
 
 Of the stark aquavitse they baith lo'ed a drappie, 
 And when capemutie then aye unco happy. 
 
 D. Webster, Whistle Binkie, i. 293. 
 
 CAPILL, Caple, 5. A horse or mare. 
 Henryson, Wolf, Fox. and Cadgear, 11. 78, 
 140. ' V. Capyl. 
 
 CAPITBIRNE, Cipiberne, s. A hood, 
 cape, or short mantle; Accts. L. H. Treas., 
 i. 24, 22 : capi/-berne, Act. Audit., p. 112.* 
 V. Capite Bern. 
 
 CAPPIE, Cappie-Stane, s. Steeth stone, 
 sinker or bottom stone attached to the end 
 of a fishing line, and serving as an anchor or 
 grapnel; Shetl. Addit. to Cappie. V. 
 Steeth-Stone. 
 
 Evidently a coll. form of capstane, meaning the ter- 
 minal or limiting stone. V. Capstane. 
 
 CAPRAVENS, Capravenis, s. pi. Roof- 
 spars, rafters ; Halyburton's Ledger, p. 294. 
 Errat. in Dict. 
 
 The meaning suggested in Dict. is wrong : so also 
 the etym. The term is redundant, being the Dutch 
 pi. kapraven, roof-spars, with the Eng. pi. termination 
 added. 
 
 CAPTION, s. A law term meaning, 1. The 
 act of taking a person who is to be arrested. 
 
 2. The warrant or authority for making an 
 arrest, also called " letters of caption." 
 
 3. The law which authorizes and regulates 
 arrest. Addit. to Caption. 
 
 CAPTRENE, s. A cap, lid, or cover of 
 wood : as is used for a large pot, vat, or tun^ 
 
 " . . . in duobus plurabis novis et duobus masc- 
 fattis et quatuor gylefattis et duobus Gaptrenys, c angys 
 et ij tynis emptis apud Innerculan, xxx s." Excheq. 
 Rolls Scot., i. 15. 
 
 A. -S. cceppe (prob. borrowed from Lat. cappa, capa)> 
 a cap or cover, and treowen, wooden. 
 
 CAR, Cair, s. Care, regard: also grief, 
 sorrow, affliction ; Barbour, xx. 586. V» 
 Care, v. 
 
 CARAGE, s. Prob. an Errat. for corage or 
 
 curage, courage, bravery, boldness, spirit. 
 
 Off forebearis thay tuke carage and smell. 
 
 Henryson, Orpheus and Earydice, 1. 25. 
 
 Carage and smell, for corage and smell, boldness and 
 sagacity. Dr. Laing, in his ed. of Henryson, renders 
 carage, behaviour, which makes nonsense. 
 
 Fr. courage, courage, spirit, bravery. 
 
 To CARB, Cerb, v. n. To fret, wrangle, 
 quarrel : prob. a corr. of E. carp. In these 
 senses Carb, Carbin, are used both as s.^ 
 and adj. 
 
 CARD, Carde, Karde, s. A sort of wool- 
 len cloth. 
 
 " Et in empcione decem et octo peciarum de card."^ 
 Excheq. Rolls Scot., i. 220. 
 
 "In empcione centum trijinta ulnarum de karde." 
 Ibid. i. 117. 
 
 CARDAMUM, Cardy, s. A name for gin- 
 gerbread, and other spiced cakes sold at 
 country fairs. West of S., Fife. 
 
 So called on account of their spicing : cardamoms 
 being used in all the varieties of cake, and forming the 
 chief ingredient in some of them. 
 
 These seeds are almost strictly medicinal with us 
 now ; but formerly were in common use for flavouring 
 various kinds of food. They are still largely used for 
 that purpose in India and other parts of Asia ; and are 
 still in favour in Germany for flavouring pastry. 
 
 CARDYVIANCE, s. A close cupboard, a 
 safe for meat; Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 175» 
 V. Gardeviant. 
 
 CARF, s. Generally pron. scarf: also used 
 as a V. Addit. to Carf. 
 
 CARGAIT, s. Cart-road, country -road ; 
 Burgh Recs., Glasgow, i. 124, 132, Recs^ 
 Soc. V. Car, and Gait. 
 
 CARIAGE, Caryage, Carage, s. Lit. that 
 which is carried ; but generally a horse- 
 load, a cart-load ; also, heavy goods, bag- 
 gage; Barbour, xi. 238, xv. 19. Addit. ta 
 Carage. 
 
 Cariage-hors, s. a pack-horse, a loaded 
 sumpter-horse ; Accts. L. H. Treas. 
 
 Cariage-Men, s. pi. Carriers, sumpter-men,. 
 bagcrase-carriers ; Barbour, viii. 275. V. 
 Caryarb. 
 
CAR 
 
 [69] 
 
 CAS 
 
 Cariour, Caryare, s. a lighter; also a 
 raft for carrying timber ; Accts. L. H. 
 Treas. i. 248, Dickson. Addit. to Caryare. 
 
 CARION, CARIOUN, s. Dead, putrid, or 
 putrifying flesh ; a dead body : also, tlie 
 human body as being liable to death ; 
 Douglas, Virg. Bk. viii, ch. 5, Blame of 
 Kirkburiall, ch, 3. 
 
 To CARK, V. a. To load, pack; to make up 
 in bales or bundles : pret. carkit ; part. pa. 
 carkyt. V. Cark. 
 
 "GifF ony alien schip come carkyt wyth wyn or 
 tonnys wyth hony or oyle," &c. Custome of Scbippis, 
 ch. 2. 
 
 Northern Fr. carlcer, answering to Fr. charger. 
 
 CARLECHE, adj. Churlish, vulgar. V. 
 Carlish. 
 
 CARLES, Carls, s. pi. A corr. of Carols, 
 songs of joy or mirth, but generally applied 
 to those sung at Yule-tide, chiefly on Hog- 
 manay, the evening before the New-Year : 
 app. also to the gifts bestowed on the sing- 
 ers, which were mostly small cakes baked 
 for the occasion. V. Carol-Ewyn. 
 
 Hence the expression, "If ye come on Hogmanay 
 I'll gie ye your carles." This relic of Scot, customs in 
 catholic times is nearly extinct ; but it still lingers in 
 an attenuated form in various parts of Perthshire. In 
 the West of S. the expression has become merely, 
 " Come an' get your Hogmanay." 
 
 In Shetland carl is a name applied to a loose or 
 licentious song. V. Gloss. Shetl. 
 
 CARPIN, s. and part. Talk, talking ; nar- 
 rative, narration. V. Carp. 
 
 CARRIT, Carvit, part. adj. Carved, 
 ornamented. 
 
 ". . . ane stand-bed of carrit work ioynit with 
 ane portell," &c. Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 21 Nov.. 
 1587. iVlait. CI. Series. 
 
 A.-S. ceorfan, Du. kerven, Dan. Tcarve, Swed. karfva, 
 to carve. 
 
 CARRY, Carry-handit, adj. and s. Left 
 banded. V. Caar. 
 
 CART, s. Caj'tis of Were, artillery carts, or 
 carts for carrying guns; Accts. L. H. Treas., 
 i. 50. 
 
 Clos Cartis, enclosed carts or ammunition waggons 
 for carrying gun-stones and other ammunition, Ibid., 
 pp. 280, 287, 291. 
 
 Serpentyn Cartis, carts for carrying the guns called 
 serpentins or culverins, Ibid., pp. 291, 295. 
 
 iStane or Stone Cartis, carts for carrying stones for 
 building or fortifying, Ibid., p. 338. 
 
 CAR WELL, s. A carvel or caravel, a kind 
 
 of ship ; Douglas, Pal. Hon., Third pt. 
 
 Fr. caravelle, id. It was of the galley form, and had 
 lattetn sails. 
 
 CARWING-PRIK, .s. Carving-fork, or such 
 a substitute for it as is used in holding a 
 round of beef to be sliced. Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 CASCROM, Cas-Ciirom, s. Lit. crooked 
 foot ; a crook-handled spade used by High- 
 landers, a kind of foot plough. 
 
 " It consists of a strong piece of wood, five to seven 
 feet in length, bent between one and two feet from the 
 lower end, which is shod with iron fixed to the wood 
 by means of a socket. The iron part is five or six 
 inches long, and al>f)nt five inches broad. At the angle 
 a piece of wood projects about eight inches from the 
 right side, and on this the foot is placed, by which the 
 instrument is forced diagonally into the ground and 
 pushed along." The Scottish Gael, ii. 96. 
 
 Gael. ca<, a foo^, and clirdm, made crooked, or crdm, 
 crooked. V. M'Leod and Dewars Gael. Diet. 
 
 CASDIREACH, s. A long straight-handled 
 delving spade used in the Hebrides ; Scot- 
 tish Gael, ii. 97. 
 Gael, cas, a foot, and direach, straight (Lat. directus). 
 
 CASE, Cage, Cais, Caice. Case be, lest, 
 
 lest it may be : also used like hi case, in 
 
 the event, on condition, if so be that, if it 
 
 happen ; and sometimes with the meaning, 
 
 perhaps, it may be ; as, " An' case be ye 
 
 meet him," i.e., and should, &c. " An' case 
 
 be ye'll meet him," i.e., and perhaps, &c. 
 
 " Or a's sequester'd out an' in, 
 Case be lie niak' a slopin — 
 The Shirra's warran' says, " Begin 
 An' mak' a muckle roupin'." 
 
 Wat Watson's Poeitis, p. 74. 
 
 CASSIDOUNE, s. Errat. for Cristendome.. 
 Barbour, xi. 471, Camb. MS. 
 
 CASSIT, port. adj. Chased, engraved,, 
 ornamented. 
 
 "Item, a cassit collere of gold made like suannis set 
 in gold with xvj rubeis and diamantis and viij quhite 
 suannis and set with double perle." Accts. L. H.. 
 Treas., i. 85. Dickson. 
 
 CAST, s. 1. A trench, ditch, cutting, or 
 other channel for the passage of water. 
 
 2. A drive; a lift by the way; as, "It's a 
 lang road , but twice owre I got a cast in 
 a cart." Addit. to Cast. 
 
 To CAST on, V. a. To lay on, impose, assess^, 
 allocate. 
 
 "The Judge ordaines the birlaymen, with the halp 
 of Robert Wilson in Hilhouse and the oflScer, to sight 
 the quarrie and ground, and to cast one the skaith pro- 
 portionallie, conforme to claime. " Corshill Baron 
 Court Book, Ayr & Wigton Arch. Coll., iv. 168. 
 
 CASTELLAYNE, Castellane, s. A cas- 
 tellan : a constable or keeper of a castle ; 
 Burgh Lawis, ch. 102. V. Castleman. 
 
 CASTLE-WARD, Castle-waird, Castle- 
 WARDp:, s. a tax in lieu of garrison service. 
 
CAT 
 
 [70] 
 
 CAW 
 
 A duty payable annually by certain lands, mostly in 
 the Lothians and in the shires of Berwick and Lanark, 
 in commutation of the obligation to furnish a contin- 
 gent to the garrison of a certain castle. 
 
 (Exch. Rolls and Reg. of Great Seal passim.) 
 "The said Alexander and the langer levar of his 
 sounnis beforesaide sail pay the castel-warde and the 
 soyte," &c. Reg. Mag. Sig. 1424 1513, No. 473. 
 
 To CAT, CATHE, v. a. and n. To toss or 
 
 drive by striking with the hand or with a 
 
 light club or bat ; also, to play handball ; 
 
 part. pr. catting, cathingy used also as a s. as 
 
 the name of the game. 
 
 These are simply varieties of catch, cache ; Du. 
 kaatsen, to play tennis. Besides, cat or catting as a 
 game is a variety of tennis. V, Caitche. 
 
 Cat, Cathe, s. A light bat used in tossing 
 or driving a ball ; also, a stroke with the 
 bat, a toss of the ball. Also used as short 
 for catting, playing at cat, and as tVie name 
 of the game. 
 
 CATAIL, Catal, Catale, Catell, s. 
 Cattle ; property, possession, wealth ; also, 
 like E. chattels, applied to small moveables ; 
 Barbour, iii. 735, v. 275, vi. 399, xviii. 249 ; 
 Lawis of Gilde, ch. 1 ; Burgh Lawis, ch. 
 19. 
 
 M. Lat. catalla, cattle and all moveable property. 
 
 CAT-HAIR, Cats-Hair, s. Names given 
 to the streaky streaming clouds called cirrus 
 and cirro-stratus. In Shetland called Cats- 
 Crammacks. 
 
 CATITOIS, s. Err. for cacitois, a form of 
 cacoethes, a bad habit, obscenity ; Sempill 
 Ballates, p. 234. 
 
 CATLING, s. Catgut ; pi. catlingis, catgut 
 strings for lutes, &c. Halyburton's Ledger, 
 p. 321. 
 
 CATTER, s. Money, cash ; Alex. Wilson's 
 Poems, p. 35. V. Cater. 
 
 CATTIE, Catty, s. Dimin. of Cat. 
 
 Is there ony that kens nae my auld auntie Matty 
 Wi' 'r wee black silk cloak and her red coUar'd cattie ? 
 James Ballantine, Whistle Binkie, i, 189. 
 
 Cattie-Bargle, Cattie-Bargie, Cattie- 
 
 WuRRiE, s. A noisy, angry quarrel among 
 
 children; same as Argle-Bargle, q. v. 
 
 The terms are also used literally as names for a cat's 
 quarrel. 
 
 CATYF, s. A poor man, a miserable or 
 wretched person, a churl. 
 
 I lukit furth a litill me befoir, 
 
 And saw a catyf on a club cumand. 
 
 With cheikis leyne and lyart lokis heir. 
 
 Henryson, Ressoning betwixt Aige and Yoivth, 1. 10. 
 
 O. Fr. caitif, poor, mean, poor-looking, occurs in the 
 
 ■Chanson de Roland of the 11th cent., and is a doublet 
 
 of captlf, a prisoner, from Lat. captivus. Regarding 
 the changes in form and meaning see Brachet's Etym. 
 Diet. 
 
 CAUL, adj. and s. Cold : a form of Cauld, 
 q. v; Alex. Wilson's Poems, p. 411. 
 
 CAUSE', Cawse', Cawsee, Cawsey, Cau- 
 SIE, Calsay, s. a causeway or paved 
 way : hence applied to a highway or public 
 road; the central portion of a street set apart 
 for horses and vehicles ; and as a general 
 term for street, lane, &c. Addit. to 
 Causey. 
 
 To Causie, Cawsey, Calsay, Calsie, v. a. 
 To pave. 
 
 Cantle o' the Cawsey. Tiie centre, ridge, 
 or ^ crown of tlie causey,' q. v. 
 
 Wlien he's fou he's stout and saucy. 
 Keeps the cantle o' the cawsey ; 
 Hieland chief and Lawland hiird 
 ]\Iaun gie room to Donald Caird ! 
 
 /S'tV ^^. Scott, Donald Caird, st. 3. 
 
 Causie-Burgess, Calsay-Burges, 5. A 
 pedlar, hawker, street-merchant. 
 
 " Ordanis all calsey burgesses to haif na pairt of the 
 hillis " [i.e., no share of the hill pasture or town's 
 common]. Burgh Recs. Peebles, 26 May, 1609. 
 
 Poor tradesmen or dealers, not being burgesses, were 
 not allowed to hold a booth or erect a stall for the sale 
 of their wares, and were restricted to peddling or 
 hawking them about in hand, or exposing them for sale 
 on the causeway. V. Bauchle. 
 
 Causie-Maker, Calsie-Maker, s. A pavior, 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, i. 208, 258, Rec. 
 Soc. The form Causier is now used all 
 over the country, and sometimes Causieman. 
 
 CAUTEL, Cautil, Cawtel, s. A trick, 
 devise, pretence, joke ; craft, skill ; Houlate, 
 1. 771, Asloan MS. Addit. to Cautele. 
 
 Cautelous, adj. Wily, cunning; Henry- 
 son, Chantecleir and Foxe, 1. 6. V. 
 Cautele, 
 
 To CAVEL, Cavil, v. a. To mix, mix up, 
 mingle ; to cavil Jish, to take fish from the 
 hooks of a long line as they are brought up, 
 i.e., to mix all sorts and sizes ; Orkn. and 
 Shetl. 
 
 CAVILLATIONE, Cavilatioun, s. Cav- 
 illing, Compl. Scot., p. 167, E. E. T. S. ; 
 false or unjust charge, wrong-doing ; Blame 
 of Kirkburiall, ch. xix. 
 
 0. Fr. caviller, "to cavill, wrangle, reason crossly." 
 Cotgr. Lat. cavillari, to banter. 
 
 CAWCHT, pret. Caught. V. Caught. 
 
 CAWDROUNE, s. A caldron ; Accts. L. 
 H. Treas., i. 344. O. Fr. caudron. 
 
CEB 
 
 [71] 
 
 CH A 
 
 CEBO, Oeba, s. V. Cibo. 
 To CEIS, Ceiss, v. a. V. Ces. 
 CELLAT, s. A head-piece. V. Sellat. 
 CENNYLL, s. A form of Canell, q. v. 
 CENS, Censs, s. Incense, spices ; contr. for 
 
 Fr. encens, from Lat. incensum. 
 " Item, to the singaris that nycht [5 Jan 1497], that 
 
 brocht the cens in to the King, xxxj s." Accts. L. H. 
 
 Treas., i. SIS. 
 
 CENTERS, Centreis, Centeeis, s. pi- 
 The cooms or frames used by builders in 
 constructing arches ; Burgh Recs. Aberd., 
 ii. 300, 321. Sp. C. 
 
 CENTRAL, s. A sentry ; prob. only a 
 local pron. 
 
 " . . . that na centralis remoif of the wautsche 
 quhill utheris cum and be enterit in thair places." 
 Charters, &c., of Peebles, p. 352, Rec. Soc. 
 
 CERTAIN, Certeyne, Oertin, s. Cer- 
 tainty ; as, " But for the certain o't, I 
 canna speak ; " " and this is the certei/ne," 
 Kingis Quair, st. 138, Skeat's ed. S. T. S. 
 
 To CES, Ceis, v. a. and n. To cease, stop, 
 end. Fr. cesser ; Lat. cessare, from cedere^ to 
 yield, give up. 
 
 " . . . and whatsomeuer bruther of the gyld 
 . cummys nocht to the place of the congrega- 
 tioun or the ryngin of the bell ces, he salbe in his 
 amerciament." Lawis of the Gild, ch. 17. 
 
 Ctis is used as a v. a. in Houlate, 1. 926. 
 
 CESSIOUN, Session, Sessyon, s. The 
 Supreme Civil Court in Scotland ; usually 
 called the Session ; Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 
 242, 269, Dickson. 
 
 CEYBO, Ceyba, s. V. Cibo. 
 
 CHADDER, Chalder, Chelder, s. A 
 chalder, a measure of grain containing 16 
 bolls. In Orkney a weight equal to 
 eighteen meills of malt, thirty-six meills 
 of bear upon the bear pundlar, and twenty- 
 four upon the malt pundlar; Wallace's 
 Orkney. 
 
 The Scot, boll of meal is reckoned at 140 lbs. avoir. 
 Fr. chaudron, a kettle : E. chaldron. 
 
 CHAFFIT, pret. and part. pt. Heated, as 
 grain that has been exposed to wet ; 
 Douglas, Eneados, i., ch. 4, Small's Ed. 
 V. Chauf. 
 
 CHAIP, s. The metal tip of a scabbard. 
 
 * ' Item gevin to Androu Balfoure, a f erding of ane 
 noble to gilt a chaij) to the Kingis swerd, vij s. vj d." 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 25. 
 
 Yw chape, O. Fr. chappe, "a cope ; also, the chape 
 or locket of a scaberd," &c., Cotgr. ; from Lat. cappa, 
 a hooded sloak. 
 
 CHAIP, s. Purchase, etc. V. C/ieip. 
 CHAIR, s. Chariot, carriage, car. 
 
 As king royall he raid upon his chair. 
 
 Henryson, Testament of Gresseid, I. 204. 
 
 Fr. char, O. Fr. car, char, a car ; Lat. carrus, a sort 
 of four-wheeled carriage which Caisar first saw in Gaul ; 
 a Celtic word ; Bret, karr, a chariot ; 0. Gael, car, 
 Irish carr, a car, cart, waggon. V. Skeat's Etym. 
 Diet, under Car. 
 
 CHAK-WACHE, Chack- Watch, s. Check- 
 Avatch or inspector of the watch or guard ; 
 pi. chak-ioachys, Barbour, x. 613. Also 
 used as a u. 
 
 In Blind Harry's Wallace, viii. 817, the duty of the 
 chah-watch is stated in a general way. A night attack 
 of the English was being executed, but failed to sur- 
 prise the enemy ; for — 
 
 To chak the wache Wallace and ten had beyn 
 Rydand about, and has thair cummyng seyn. 
 A more particular account is given in Burgh Recs, 
 Glasgow, ii. 113, Rec. Soc. 
 
 To CHALANGE, Challange, Challenge, 
 Cfiallance, Challenge, Callange, 
 Callenge, Calange, Calenge, v. a. To 
 claim, challenge, demand, sue, accuse, im- 
 peach, malign, revile, calumniate. The 
 general meaning is to call in qiaestion ; to 
 charge, sue, or prosecute at law, to act as 
 plaintiff : Chalmerlan Air, ch. v., Burgli 
 Lawis, ch. 7, 10, 11. 
 
 Chalange, Chalenge, Challange, Chal- 
 lenge, Calange, Calenge, Callange, 
 Callenge, Callanye, Calanye, s. A 
 claim, challenge, complaint, accusation,, 
 suit, charge; Burgh Lawis, ch. 15, 21, 75,- 
 78. 
 
 Chalanger, Chalengeour, Challanger, 
 Challange AR, Challangeour, Calan- 
 YEAR, Calanyour, s. 1. One who 
 challenges, accuses, or arrests a person on 
 account of some crime or wrong-doing ;, 
 Burgh Lawis, ch. 74. 
 
 2. The official of a craft appointed to examine 
 the goods and work of the several masters ; 
 to challenge faults of work, and to arrest 
 bad or insufficient material. He was the 
 inspector of the craft, and is frequently 
 mentioned in Burgh and Guildry Recs. 
 
 3. A challenger, plaintiff, suitor, in a law 
 court. V. Chalange. 
 
 ". . . to eschew greitt trubill and daynger that 
 hes bene sustenit in tymes bygane be calanyears quhil- 
 kis accept thame to the court of processis and dilatour, 
 and wa!d nocht obey to the . . . court peremp- 
 tour," &c. Burgh Eecs. Edin., 6 Oct., 1492. 
 
 0. Fr. calanyer, calenger, to claim, challenge, ques- 
 tion, sue ; Cotgr. 
 
CHA 
 
 [72] 
 
 CHA 
 
 OHALMER, Chamer, Chavmir, s. The 
 chamber or moveable breech-piece of a gun. 
 Addit. to Chalmer. 
 
 "Item, that samyn day [4 July, 1496], giffin to 
 Johne Lam, smyth, for part of payment of making of 
 gunchameris to gunnys tbat was jii the Flour and 
 wantit chameris, xl s." Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 281, 
 Dickson. 
 
 OHAMELET, Chambelote, s. Camlet, a 
 sort of cloth. 
 
 His chymers wer of chamdet purpura broun. 
 
 Henryson, Evergreen, i. 186. 
 Dr. Laing's edition of Henryson reads this word 
 chambelote. 
 
 Fr. camelot, from Arab, khamlat, camlet ; Low Lat. 
 camelotum. Dr. Jamieson gave this term fiom Fr. 
 chameau, a camel ; but this is a mistake. 
 
 OHANCER, Chanser, s. A form of chancel, 
 Barbour, v. 356, 366. 
 
 Variations of this kind are not uncommon. Channel 
 is often pron. channer; and channel stones are for short 
 called channers, q. v. 
 
 CHANDLER, Chandlar, Chandelar, s. 
 
 Chaudelier, candlestick, Haljburton's Led- 
 ger, p. 295 ; chandelar for pi'ecatis^ i.e., 
 chandelier for tapers or taper-holders ; 
 Mait. Club Misc., iii. 200. Addit. to 
 Chandler. 
 
 CHANGE-FOLK, s. pi Publicans, keepers 
 of inns and alehouses, &c. West of S. V. 
 Change. 
 
 CHANGIT. Err. for chanyU, Houlate, 1. 
 605, Bann. MS. V. Chenyie. 
 
 CHANNEL-STANE, s. An old name for 
 the game of curling ; called so on account 
 of the stone with which it is played. Addit. 
 to Channel Stane. 
 
 O for the Channel Stane ! 
 The fell gude game, the Channel Stane t 
 There's uo a game amang them a' 
 Can match auld Scotland's Channel Stane I 
 
 James Hogg, Whistle Binkie, L 347. 
 
 <JHANON, Chanoun, Chanoune, s. A 
 canon, a dignitary of the church ; Accts. 
 L. H. Treas., i. 334 : pi. channounis^ Ibid., 
 p. L 
 
 Ohanonrye, Channonrt, Chennonrye, 
 Channery, Chanry, s. The place of 
 residence of the canons of a cathedral, a 
 cathedral. 
 
 " Item, to the pure folk in the Chanonrye of Ros, at 
 the Kiugis command, vij s. iiij d." Accts. L. H. 
 Treas., i. .325. 
 
 The following explanation is added by the editor, 
 Mr. Dickson. 
 
 The Chanonry was properly the cathedral close or 
 precinct ; but the cathedral itself was sometimes so 
 called, and Fortrose, the cathedral town of the diocese 
 of Kosa, was commonly known as the Chanonry of 
 Ross. The presbytery in which the parish of Fortrose 
 
 is situated is still known as the Presbytery of Chanonry. 
 In Houlate, 1. 203, the term means a cathedral. 
 Fr. chanoine, a canon, from Lat. canonicus. 
 
 CHANTER, Chantour, s. 1. The cantor, 
 precentor or ruler of a choir, a cathedral 
 canon who had charge of the music ; Accts. 
 L. H. Treas., i. 315, Dickson. 
 
 2. The pipe of a bagpipe on which the tune is 
 
 performed. Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 "The clianter is, like the other pipes, fixed in a 
 head-stock, which is sufficiently large to contain the 
 reed. This is formed of two thin slips of common reed 
 or cane, fixed with much nicety to a small metal tube, 
 which produce the sound by vibration. Those of the 
 other pipes are formed of a joint of the reed, one end 
 cluse, the other opeu, with an oblong slit for the passage 
 of the air." Scottish' Gael, ii. 304, 
 
 CHANTERIS, s. Errat. for Chauceris. 
 The phrase chanteris kuikis, Bann. MS. fol. 
 91, a., as printed by Hailes, Sibbald, and 
 Laing, is a misreading of Chaucei'is kuikis, 
 i.e., drunken fellows like the cook described 
 bv Chaucer. V. Manciple's Prol., Cant. 
 Tales. 
 
 Jamieson's attempt to explain chanteris, like all pre- 
 vious attempts, is altogether wrong. The correct 
 reading was first given in the Hunterian Club version 
 of the Bann. MS.; and the meaning of the phrase was 
 first explained by Prof. Skeat in " Notes and Queries " 
 of April 29, 1882. The chief difficulty in the extract 
 from Alex. Scott's poem, as it stands in the DiCT., 
 having heen thus cleared away, the line — 
 
 " Sic Christianis to kis with Chauceris kuikis " 
 evidently means, *' to rank or rate such Christians 
 with drunken fellows like Chaucer's cook." V. Poems 
 of Alex. Scott, ed. 1882, p. 11, and Note, p. 98. 
 
 CHAPLANRY, Chapilnary, s. The office, 
 duty, service, or income of a chapel priest ; 
 chaplaincy; Burgh Recs. Aberd., i. 21, 30. 
 Sp.C. 
 
 CHAPPET, pret. and part. p. Beat, 
 knocked, struck, chopped ; as, " He chappet 
 awa' like a nailer;" "He cliappet at the 
 door ; " '< The knock chappet twa ; " "I 
 chappet aff its head ; " " Chappet tatties and 
 neeps" beat or mashed potatoes and tur- 
 nips. V. Chap, v. 
 
 To CHAPS, Chaups, v. a. To challenge, 
 question, contradict ; as, " Weel, I chaps 
 that," meaning, I challenge or question the 
 statement. Also, to accept, embrace, 
 choose, select, claim ; as, " Chaps ye," or, 
 " I chaps ye," or simply, " Chaps," — said 
 when a person at once accepts an offer or 
 bargain. Addit. to Chap. 
 
 This is another and more common form of chap, 
 chaup, given in the DiCT. with defective explanation. 
 Prob. chapit, the first pers. sing. pres. of chap, to strike, 
 was originally used by both parties when they struck 
 their bargain, or rather when they struck bands in 
 
CHA 
 
 [73] 
 
 CHE 
 
 accepting the bargain ; but, when the final s came to 
 be dropped in the first pers. sing. pres. of verbs, and 
 was still used in this one, chaps would come to be ac- 
 cepted as the verb in its simplest form, and would be 
 treated accordingly. This explanation is confirmed by 
 the striking of hands being still an accompaniment of 
 the use of this term in bargain-making. 
 
 CHAR. Errat. for charre in Edin. MS. 
 Barbour, xi. 123. 
 
 CHAR. Errat. for thar, it needs, it is 
 necessary ; Barbour, viii. 257, xii. 300. V. 
 Skeat's ed., Gloss, and Notes. 
 
 CHAR, Charre, s. A cart-load, a charge : 
 a char of leid, a cart load of lead, which 
 was an uncertain quantity varying from 15 
 to 24 cwts. : syn. fothir, fuddir, Jlddir, E. 
 fodder. Addit. to Char. V. Charre. 
 
 Fotinellis, in first example under Char, is a misprint 
 in Balfour for fotmellis, pi., of fotmell, usually written 
 fadmell, a weight of 70 lbs. 
 
 Charre, s. Array of carts or waggons, 
 baggage waggons ; Barbour, xi. 123, Camb. 
 MS. Cf . Fr. charroi, a baggage-train. V. 
 Char. 
 
 The Edin. MS. reads char, which in the DicT. is so 
 far correctly rendered carriages. Charre is certainly 
 a better reading, being disyllabic and adapted to the 
 rhyme. V. Skeat's ed., Gloss, and Notes. 
 
 0. Fr. charee, charree, a cart-load : Godefroy. 
 
 CHAR, s. On char, ajar: lit. on the turn, 
 from A.-S. on cyrre, id 
 Hart. 
 
 N.B. The second example of char given in the 
 DiCT. is a mistake ; the term there means a chariot, 
 and the phrase on char, in a chariot. In Eneadoa 
 iii. ch. 6, however, Douglas has "the dur on char,'' 
 i.e ajar. V. Small's ed. ii. 146, 23. 
 
 CHARD, s. A ridge or bank of sand in a* 
 links, Orkn. 
 
 CHARGEOUR, s. A large plate or dish; 
 also, a flask or ladle for chq,rging or loading 
 guns : E. charger. 
 
 " Item, for ij dowbil platis of quhit irne to be gun 
 chargeonris, xx d. 
 
 Item, for iiij syngill platis to be chargeouris. xx d." 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., A. 1496. 
 
 Fr. charger, to load or charge ; Lat. carricare. 
 
 CHARGES, s. pi. Expense, cost : upon the 
 charges, at the expense. Addit. to Charges. 
 
 The explanation rents is insufficient, and in general 
 wrong. The term is still in common use. A person 
 asking the price or cost of an article says, " What's the 
 charge ?" 
 
 CHARITE, Charitie, s. V. Cherite. 
 
 CHARTOUR, Charterour, Chertour, s. 
 A Carthusian monk, Houlate, 1. 185. 
 
 CH AS BOLL, Chesboll, Chesbow, s. An 
 onion. Fr. ciboule, "a chiboll or hollow 
 leeke ;" Cotgr. Addit. to Chasboll. 
 (Sup.) K 
 
 Doufflas, King 
 
 Chasholl, as used in the Compl. Scot, and quoted in 
 DiCT., certainly means an onion ; and Chesbow, as used 
 by Douglas, as certainly represents the Lat. papaver, 
 a poppy. That these forms are merely varieties of the 
 same word there can be no doubt. It is found also as 
 cheboUe, chesebolle, chespolle, chyboUe ; and was applied 
 both to an onion and to a poppy. In Wright's Vocabu- 
 laries, i. 786, it represents sinolus, sipula, a little onion : 
 in 711, sinollus, id. : in 710, sepa, an onion : in 713, 
 papaver, a poppy : in 644, both papaver and sepula. 
 Halliwell gives chesebolle, a poppy, and chibbals, onions ; 
 and in Prompt. Parv. chesebolle, is rendered by papaver, 
 a poppy, and chybolle by cinollus, a little onion. 
 
 How two plants so different in character came to be 
 called by the same name, we can now only guess ; but 
 that they were so name<l explains the difficulty by 
 which Jamieson was misled. The last para, of his 
 article is of no value. 
 
 CHASE, s. Brak a chase, suddenly started 
 or began a pursuit. Addit. to Chase. 
 
 Jamieson's explanation of this phrase is unfortunate. 
 The use of break in the sense of start, open, begin, is 
 not uncommon. In conversation one breaks a new sub- 
 ject : in anger one breaks out on a person : in mining 
 the workman breaks a new vein or seam, etc. 
 
 CHAT, Chatt, s. Same as Chack, q. v. ; 
 its dimin. is Chit, q.v. 
 Common in North of England also. 
 
 To CHAUF, Chaff, v. a. To warm, chafe, 
 heat ; to make hot, or cause to become 
 heated, like grain or hay that has been ex- 
 posed to wet : hence, to spoil, mildew, cor- 
 rupt : pret. and part. pt. chanft, chafHt. 
 
 Than was the quliete, with fludis cfiauft and wete. 
 
 Douglas, Eneados, i. ch. 4. 
 Ruddiman's edit, has chauft; Small's has chaffit, 
 which in the Gloss, is not well rendered by " corrup- 
 ted, drenched." 
 
 Fr. chauffer, to heat, warm, chafe : from Lat. calefa- 
 cere, to make warm or hot. 
 
 CHAULANCE, s. A challenge. V. Chal- 
 ance. 
 
 To CHAUNER, Chaunner, v. n. To 
 grumble, fret, chide, maunder; part, pres, 
 chaunrin, often used as an adj., as, chaunrin 
 critics, fault-finding critics; Alex. Wilson's 
 Poems, p. 80. V. Channer. 
 
 This form of the word represents the pro». of it in 
 
 the West of S. 
 
 Chaunrin, part. adj. Grumbling, com- 
 plaining, fretting; West of S. 
 
 CHAUNT, V. To speak with a twang or 
 strange accent, Orkn. 
 
 CHAWT, Chawd, v. and adj. Chagrined, 
 disappointed, filled with regret. Addit. to 
 Chaw. 
 
 To CHEEP, Chepe, v. n. To peep, chirp, 
 as a bird ; to speak in a low or subdued 
 voice, to whisper ; also, to creak as shoes. 
 Addit. to Cheip. 
 
CHE 
 
 [74] 
 
 CHE 
 
 Cheeps, s. pi. A common term for creaking 
 shoes, but specially applied to dress-shoes, 
 slippers, pumps. 
 
 Nor shall his cheeps and powder'd wig 
 Protect him frae a lashin' 
 Right keen this day. 
 
 Alex. Wilson, The Hollander, s, 2. 
 
 CHEESE. This important article of food is 
 called hwig-cheese, laid-cheese, or wronght- 
 cheese, according to the manner in which 
 the curd has been prepared. 
 
 Hung-Oheese. " It is called hung when the 
 curds are tied up in a cloth or net, and, to 
 get quit of the whey, are hung up instead 
 of being put under the press." Ure, Agri- 
 culture of Dumbarton, p. 77. 
 
 Laid-Cheese. "It is called laid when the 
 curds are pressed at first very gently with 
 the hand, great care being taken not to 
 break them ; and the whey as it rises is 
 taken off with a skimming dish. This 
 process is continued till the whey is ex- 
 tracted and the curds become solid. They 
 are then broken into as large pieces as 
 possible, and put into the chesset to be 
 pressed. . . . Dunlop cheese is mostly 
 of the laid kind." Ibid., p. 76. 
 
 Wrought Cheese. "It is called wrought 
 when the curds are repeatedly broken with 
 the hand in separating the whey. And 
 when they become solid they are carefully 
 broken with the hand and cut small with a 
 knife ; then they are squeezed in linen 
 cloths and rubbed small with the hands till 
 they become dry and pulverised and ready 
 for the chesset." Ibid., pp. 74-5. 
 
 CHEIP, Chaip, s. Barter, exchange price : 
 best cheip, best bargain, best for the money : 
 gude cheip, good bargain, good for the money : 
 hence both terms came to mean cheapest. 
 
 " . . . and quha can do best and best cheip let 
 your lordschipis appoint him to refyne the kingis part," 
 &c. Early Records of Mining in Scotland, p. 77. 
 
 Better-chaip, better bargain, better return for the 
 money, was also used. V. Burgh Recs. Edin., iv. 160, 
 Rec. Soc. 
 
 A.-S. cedp, price : hence cedpian, to cheapen, to buy. 
 
 CHELD, Chelde, s. A young man, page, 
 servant ; pi. childer. V. Chiel, Child. 
 
 "Item [19 Nov., 1490], til a cheld to ryn to Patrik 
 Home with a bil to kepe the day of trew at Gedwort, 
 xijd." Accts. L. H. Treas. 
 
 CHELDER, 8. A chalder. V. Chadder. 
 
 To CHENYIE, Chenye, Chanyie, v. a. To 
 chain, link, join, connect ; part. pt. chenyeit, 
 ckent/it, chanyit, Houlate, 1. 604. Addit. to 
 Chenyie. 
 
 CHERITE, Cheritie, Cheritey, Charite, 
 s. A to-boot or extra added to the quantity 
 purchased on account of the dearness of the 
 article, or in token of respect, favour, or 
 good wishes for the purchaser; ^X.cheriloyss. 
 
 This term appears to have puzzled Dr. Jamieson, 
 and it was left by Lim undefined. In his notes and 
 illustrations, however, he gave various suggestions re- 
 garding its meaning and etymology, which are alto- 
 gether wrong, and very wide of the mark. 
 
 As stated above, the charity or cheritie was an extra 
 added to the quantity given in return of service or for 
 money ; and prob. the custom of giving such extra is 
 as old as bargain-making itself. Certainly it is well 
 known, and of every day practice now ; and the extra 
 is called boot or buit, till't, oiore, bye, in or on, and to 
 the bargain, when spoken of in a general sense ; but 
 the extra given with bread is to bread ; with fle&h meat, 
 a bane (which may be a bone, a scrap of lean or f;it, a 
 pluck, a kidney, or a trotter, according to the liking of 
 the purchaser and the amount of the purchase) ; and 
 and for various other bargainings there are particular 
 extras. When the extra, however, was given in 
 money, it was called a luck-penny, love-penny, God's- 
 penny, &c., whatever its value might be ; and the term 
 cherity was used specially in reference to the fixed 
 extra allowed with quantities of victual, as of wheat, 
 bear, malt, meal, &c. The cherity for each of these 
 was one peck to the boll, that is, each boll contained 
 17 pecks, — 16 by measure and 1 as charity. When 
 double cherity was allowed the boll contained 18 pecks; 
 and smaller quantities in proportion. 
 
 From our Burgh Records we learn that various 
 attempts were made by the magistrates to put down 
 this system of charities, but all were ineffectual. At 
 last the subject was taken in hand by Parliament, and 
 settled by various Acts passed between 1617 and 1626. 
 These enacted that there should be one uniform system 
 of weights and measures throughout the country, and 
 that all charities should be abolished. In spite of 
 these Act» the old custom was followed for many jears 
 after in our larger burghs, and under the new style of 
 weights and measures ; and in some of the more rural 
 districts it continued to exist down to the middle of 
 last century. The system of extrris is apparently in- 
 herent in bargain-making, and the Acts of Pari, which 
 made it illegal have only compelled parties to devise 
 other means of carrying it out. 
 
 The passages quoted in DiCT. sufficiently illustrate 
 the use of the term ; and in the Acts of the Scot. Pari., 
 August 1621, will be found a good example of the act 
 prohibiting cAaniies, entitled " Anent the discharging 
 of a peck to the boll." The following quotation is a 
 record of one of the many attempts made by burgbal 
 authority to abolish the custom. 
 
 " . , . that nay woman sal by meile in the mer- 
 cat, bot gif scho mak price of it or scho gif her erllys, 
 and that thai sail tak nay strakis nor cheritoyss." 
 Burgh Recs. Aberd., i. 431. 
 
 0. Fr. charit6, charity, love, mercifulness, good- 
 will. Cotgr. 
 
 CHERTOUR, Cherterour, s. V. Char- 
 tour. 
 
 CHESTING, part. Choosing, election. V. 
 Chese. 
 
 CHESSIS, s. pi. Jesses ; the bands of 
 leather or silk with which hawks were 
 tied by the legs; Accts. L. H. Treas., 
 i. 366. 
 
CHE 
 
 [75] 
 
 CIN 
 
 Chessis, gessis, or jesses, is a corr. of O. Fr. jects or 
 gects : geet meaning a cast or throw, as at dice. '* Les 
 gects (Tun oyseau, a hawkes jesses," Ootgr. 
 
 To OH EVE, Chieve, v. a. To achieve, ac- 
 complish, procure, prosper. 
 Fr. achevir, to master. 
 
 To CHEVER, V. n. To storm, rage, scold, 
 jangle, complain against. 
 
 He grat grysly grym; and gaif a gret yowle, 
 Cheiierand and chydand with cliurliche eheir. 
 
 Houlate, 1. 54, Asloan MS. 
 Bann. MS. reads hedand, a contr. form of hedinand, 
 scorning, deriding ; which is certainly a mistake, as it 
 mars the alliteration. 
 
 O. Fr. sevir, to rage, scold, jangle. 
 
 CIIEVERON, s. A rafter, spar; pi. cheuer- 
 oni/s, cheverons : Assize of Petty Customs, 
 ch. 8 : Burgh Recs. Edin., p. 242. 
 
 The chevron of heraldry, denoting an honourable 
 ordinary, represents two rafters of a house meeting at 
 the top : in building called a couple. 
 
 To CHEWES, Chewis, v. a. To choose, 
 select ; to pick out the best, to be a good 
 judge of. 
 
 The Pitill and the Pype Gled cryand pewewe, 
 Befor thir princis ay past as pert purviouris, 
 For thai couth chewis chikiunis and perches pultre. 
 Hovlate, 1. 644, Asloan MS. 
 The Bann. MS. reads cheires, but it is an alteration 
 of the original chewes. 
 
 Icel. kjdsa, A.-S. cedsan, Da. kiezen, to choose ; M.E. 
 cheosen, chusen, chesen. 
 
 CHIERE, s. A peculiar form of cherey 
 c'leer, demeanour, countenance, look; Kingis 
 Quair, St. 161, S. T. S. 
 
 CHIFT, s. and v. Shift, change; Alex. 
 iScott, WaHtoun Wemen, st. 9. 
 
 CHILDROME, s. A corr. form of Schil- 
 trum, q. v. Barbour, xii. 429, 433, Oamb. 
 MS. V. Skeat's Ed. Gloss, and Notes. 
 
 CHILD YNE, s. Childing, i.e., child-bearing, 
 travail with child, Barbour, xvi. 274. V. 
 Child-ill. 
 
 CHIMNAYE, Chymnay, Chimney, Chim- 
 NiE, s, A grate, a fire-place. V. Chimley. 
 
 In the list of moveable heirship fixed by an old 
 Scotch law we find, — ". . , . a caldrone, a ketill, 
 a brandreth, a posnet, a chymnay, a stop, a cruk." 
 Burgh Lawis, ch. 116. 
 
 And in a claim of heirship raised in the Burgh Court 
 of Glasgow, 17 Dec, 1574 :— 
 
 " Item, aue irue chimnaye witht raxis, weyand aucht 
 stane wecht," &c. Burgh Recs. Glasgow, i. 33. 
 
 In many districts of S. the term is still so used. 
 
 The form chymna occurs in Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 22. 
 
 CHINGLY, adj. Like shingle or gravel; 
 applied to small coals from which the dross 
 or culm has been separated ; West of S. 
 Same as chirlie of Perths. Addit. to 
 Chingily. 
 
 CHIRLIE, Chirly, adj. Well-shaped, of 
 nice handy size ; hence, suitable, handy. 
 Appl. to pieces of coal, stone, or brick, that 
 are suitable for general use. V. Chirle. 
 
 CHIRNEL, Churnel, s. A kernel or small 
 hard swelling in the neck of a young per- 
 son. PI. cMrnele, chiirnels, a name given to 
 the ailment of swollen glands of the neck. 
 
 This ailment is also called ivaxen chirnels, a corr, of 
 waxing (growing) chirnels, because it is common to 
 young people during periods of growth. 
 
 A.-S. cyrnel, a diminutive from corn, grain. 
 
 CHISSET, Chiset, s. Same as Chessart, 
 q. V. 
 
 To CHIVER, V. n. To shiver, tremble, 
 shake. Boys call their bit of bread after 
 bathing, their chiverin piece, or chiverin 
 choxo ; corr. into ckivery chow. It is also 
 called a chitterin piece, or chitterin choio ; 
 corr. into chittery chow : Clydes. V. under 
 Chitter. 
 
 CHOLLE, s. Jowl, jaws. V. Dict. 
 
 In the Dict. this term is left undefined. A note, 
 however, is given explanatory of the passage in which 
 the word occurs ; but its statements are altogether 
 wrong. Jamieson's mistake here is remarkable : be- 
 cause, a few lines higher up in the same column, he 
 defines and explains the same term correctly. 
 
 In the passage quoted chalous means chafts or jowls, 
 and chyne means chin. In Coventry Mysteries, p. 37, 
 and in Prompt. Parv. occurs chavyl-bone, of which 
 chalous is a pi. form. 
 
 CHUCK, Chucks, s. Short for Chuckie- 
 
 STANE, Chuckie-stanes, q. V.; also, a girl's 
 
 game played with five of these pebbles. 
 
 This game is played all over Scot., and is common in 
 the North of Eng. V. Brockett's Gloss. Marbles and 
 shells are sometimes used instead of pebbles. 
 
 CIBOW, CiBA, Ceybo, Ceyba, Cebo, Ceba, 
 SiBO, SiBA, Sebo, Seba, s. An onion. 
 V. Seibow. 
 
 This word is often represented as seibow, and is so 
 entered in the Dict. ; but according to the etymology 
 cibmv is the better form, Fr. ciboule, from Lat, ccepulla, 
 for ccepa, an onion. 
 
 CILHOUS, CiLEHOUs, s. An outhouse, 
 cellar vault : originally a shed consisting of 
 a lean-to roof with wooden supports in front. 
 
 "Item, in ane cilhous nerrest the zett, certane 
 vnthresschin beinis to the number of thrie thravis or 
 tharby." Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 21 Nov. 1587. 
 
 Du. eel, a cell, and huis, a house ; Lat. cella, a cell 
 or hut, Gk. kalia. 
 
 CINCOGISH, s. V. Kiiicogish. 
 CIN'ER, CiNNER, s. A cinder. 
 
 An' load the chimney wi' a tanle 
 0' bleezin coals an' cin'ers. 
 
 Alex. Wilson, Daybreak, s, 6. 
 Fr. cendre. It. cenere, from Lat, cinis, cineris, a cin- 
 der, ig commonly given as the deriv. of this word ; but 
 
CLA 
 
 [76] 
 
 CLA 
 
 since the A.-S. has sinder, Icel. sindr, Swed. sinder, 
 Dan. sinder, sinner, a cinder, it i8 more than probable 
 that the term was introduced by our northern ances- 
 tors. See Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 CLADDACH, Cleddach, s. A shingly 
 beach, Gall. 
 
 Clidyoch, as given by Jamieson, is a corr. form of 
 this form. V. DicT. 
 
 Gael, cladach, a shore, beach ; a stony beach ; 
 M'Leod and Dewar. 
 
 This term is still used in Wigtonshire as the name 
 for a shingly or stony beach ; and it occurs in various 
 place-names in that district ; e.g., Claddyochdow, in 
 Kirkcolm parish, Clady House, in Inch parish. 
 
 In Ireland also it is similarly used. A part of the 
 town of Galway is called "the Claddach." 
 
 OLAER, Clare, s. A corr. form of claver, 
 clover. 
 
 CLAGGUM, Claggie, s. A coarse sweet- 
 meat, consisting of treacle hardened by 
 boiling, and flavoured. Named from its 
 tough, sticky character. 
 
 This favourite of all young folks has various names, 
 of which the most common are candy, blackman, gundie, 
 claggie, and claggum ; and almost every town and 
 village has a local name over and above, which is 
 generally the name of a woman who has become famed 
 for making the article. It is known and enjoyed all 
 over Scot, and Eng. 
 
 To CLAITH, Clayth, v. a. V. Clathe. 
 
 CLAKE, «, V. Claik. 
 
 CLAM, s. A clam or scollop-shell ; also 
 
 called a clamp-shell. 
 
 So called from the clamping or close sticking, closing, 
 or adhering of the shells : clamping together like a 
 vice. Some clams, however, stick to rocks. Du. 
 klampen, to hold, stick together : klampe, Tclam, 
 tenacious. Dan. klamme, a clamp. Jamieson's sug- 
 gestion of O. Fr. esclamme as etym., is a mistake. V. 
 Wedgwood's Etym. Diet. 
 
 CLAM, Clame, Clambe, pret. Climbed; 
 scrambled or struggled upward. S. 
 
 CLAMERSUM, Clammersome, adj. Con- 
 tentious, fractious, discontented, and noisy; 
 continually grumbling or fault-finding. 
 
 This term, as generally used, implies both clamorous 
 and ill-natured. 
 
 CLAMYS, Clemys, v. Claims, desires, re- 
 quires ; Barbour, i. 417, ii. 104. 
 
 CLAPPER, Clappir, s. 1. That which 
 claps : hence apj)lied to the tongue of a 
 bell, the hopper of a mill, the tongue of a 
 scold, etc. 
 
 2. A kind of hand-bell which lepers carried 
 and riittled as they moved about in public. 
 It was used by the night-watch also, and 
 in earlier times by the town- crier, who was 
 therefore called " the clapman." 
 
 To leir to clap thy clapper to and fro, 
 And leir efter the law of Upper leid. 
 
 Henry son, Testament ofCreaseid, 1. 479. 
 
 3. A noisy talkative person, a scold. 
 
 To Clapperclaw, v. a. Lit. to claw with 
 the clapper, i.e., to attack with the tongue : 
 to rate, scold, or abuse. Addit. to Clapper- 
 claw. 
 
 Clapper-Tongue, s. Loud noisy tongue, 
 incessant talk ; also applied to a female 
 who is loud or voluble in speech, or who is 
 much given to gossip ; " She's a real clap- 
 per-tongue :" West of S. 
 
 A clapper tongue wad deave a miller. 
 
 Bums, Sic a Wife as Willie had. 
 
 Clapper-Tongued, adj. Having a tongue 
 like a clapper, i.e., noisy and constantly 
 wagging ; " She's a clapper-iongued lassie ;'' 
 West of S. 
 
 CLAR, s. Short for Clarsac/i, q. v. 
 
 CLARCHE PIPE. Not a compound, but 
 two distinct words. Read — 
 
 "With Clarche, Pipe, and Clarion." 
 Clarche, like clar, is short for clarsach or clarsha, a 
 harp, and cannot be combined with pipe. 
 
 CLARSACH, Clarsha, Clarishoe, s. A 
 harp. 
 
 "The harp proper was called clar, or clarsach, by 
 the Scots and Irish, and was sometimes termed siteam, 
 a word now obsolete." Scottish Gael, ii. 273. 
 
 Gael, clarsach, and for short, clar, a harp. 
 
 Clarsoha, Clareschaw, Clarschaar, S. 
 A harper. 
 
 "Item, to Martyn, clareschaw, and to the toder 
 Ersche clareschaw, xviij s." Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 
 117, Dickson. 
 
 This term is often confounded with clarsach, and 
 rendered a harp. V. DiCT. 
 
 CLASH, s. Gossip, scandal; pi. clashes^ fab- 
 rications, lies; Alex. Wilson's Poems, pp. 
 18, 89 ; West of S. V. Clash. 
 
 Clashin, s. Evil-speaking, insulting lan- 
 guage, heckling in all its forms. 
 
 No ; — here am I, wi' vengeance big. 
 
 Resolved to calm his clashin'; 
 Nor shall his cheeps nor powdered wig. 
 Protect him frae a lashin' 
 Right keen this day. 
 
 Ale-r.. Wilson, The Hollander, s. 2. 
 
 CLASHIN, Clashing, part. Soaking, 
 dripping wet. V. Clash, v. n. 
 
 Wi' waefu' heart, before it sank, 
 
 I hs-ul't it oot a' clashing ; 
 And now they're bleaching on the bank, 
 A melancholy washing 
 To me this day. 
 
 Alex. Wilson's Poems, p. 94. 
 
 This use of the word is very common in the West 
 of S. 
 
CLA 
 
 [77] 
 
 CLE 
 
 To CLATHE, Claithe, Glaith, Clethe, 
 V. a. To clothe, dress: pret. and part. pa. 
 clatht, clait/it, cleitht, clethd. The forms to 
 claitht, to cleitht, are also used ; Compl. 
 Scot., p. 98, E. E. T. S. V. Cleed. 
 
 Clathing, Claithing, Oleithing, Cleth- 
 ING, s. Clothintj, dress; Houlate, 1. 186, 
 Asloan MS. V. Cleed ing. 
 
 Waesucks ! for him that gets nae lass," 
 
 Or lasses that hae naething ! 
 Sma' need has he to say a grace, 
 
 Or melvie his braw claithing I 
 
 Burns, Holy Fair, st. 25. 
 
 Clatht, pa7't. pt. Clothed, clad. 
 
 To CLAUR, Clauer, v. a. and n. To seize, 
 
 clutch ; pret. claurd, claurt, part. pt. claurt^ 
 
 claured : " he let claur at we," he tried to 
 
 clutch me ; West of S. 
 
 A.-S. cldwu, Du. klaaaw, a paw, claw, clutch, talon ; 
 that by which a creature cleaves or holds on by, Cf. 
 M. E. cleafrea, claws. 
 
 Claurt, s, A clutch, grasp, scratch, scrape ; 
 thence the v. to claurt^ claut, as in DiCT. 
 Addit. to Claurt. 
 
 CLAUTET, Clautit, Clawtet, pret. part, 
 pt. and part. adj. Scraped, cleaned : 
 applied to dishes and food , as, " The bicker 
 he clautit an' left na a seed." West of S. 
 V. Clat, Claut. 
 
 For soon as ilka dish was clautet, 
 He'd lift his looves an' een, an' fa' to't, 
 
 Owre plates an' banes 
 An' lengthen out a grace, &c. 
 
 Alex. WUson't Poems, p. 52. 
 
 CLAUTS, 5. p^. Hands; also finger-nails: 
 properly the hands in the act of seizing ; 
 E. clutches ; as, " I'll try to keep out o' yer 
 clauts ;" Clydes. 
 
 What dawds o' cheese, frae out yer clauts 
 Wi' fury ye hae worry'd. 
 
 Alex. Wilson's Poems, p. 34. 
 This is an application of data or clauts, handcards 
 for teazing wool. V. Clauts. 
 
 CLAVERS, s. Goosegrass. V. Clever. 
 
 OLAVIE, s. Prob. synonymous with torch, 
 flare. 
 
 This term is now known chiefly in connexion with a 
 Buperstitious ceremony called ' ' the burning oftha clavie, " 
 which is annually observed on New Year's Eve at the 
 fishing village of Burghead on the Moray Frith, with 
 the view of securing a good season's fishing. The clavie 
 consists of a tar barrel, within which a fir prop about 
 four feet in length is fixed, surmounted by the staves 
 of a herring cask. It is set fire to with special formali- 
 ties, and is, while still burning, carried in procession to 
 a particular spot in the neiglibourhood of the village, 
 For a full account of this singular observance see! Proc. 
 Soc. of Antiq. of Scotland, vol. x. , p. 647. 
 
 CLEIK, s. Short for cleik-ful, i.e., a haul, 
 set, lot, number. 
 
 Jok, that wes wont to keip the stirkis. 
 Can now draw him ane cleik of kirkis. 
 
 Dunbar, Remembir as of before, 1, 67. 
 That is, the greedy place-hunter can now haul to 
 himself a cleik-ful of livings. 
 
 To CLEKE, Cleek, v. a. V. Cleik. 
 
 CLEMMIL, s. Steatite, Orkn. (v. Neil's 
 Tour, p. 75). 
 
 CLENE, Clein, Cleyne. 1. As an adj.^ 
 clean, clear, fine, good, excellent, complete,, 
 thorough ; also, empty, void ; Barbour, xi.. 
 141, 427, xiii. 443. 
 
 2. As an adv., wholly, entirely, completely^ 
 well; excellently; Ibid, xvi. 462, xviii. 
 229 : dene and law, wholly and to the bot- 
 tom. Ibid. x. 123. 
 
 CLETHE, Cleithe, Clething, Cleithing. 
 V. under Clathe. 
 
 CLEUE AND LAW. Errat. in Dict. for 
 
 Clene and Law. V. under Clene, adv. 
 
 This mistake is corrected and explained in Skeat'a 
 Barbour, pp. 578, 579. 
 
 To CLEVER, V. n. To clamber, Kingis 
 Quair, st. 9; to cling, Ibid. st. 159. Addit^ 
 to Clever, v. 
 
 As used in this poem clever has a frequentative force, 
 and Prof. Skeat says, "Better spelt diver: it is the 
 frequentative of Icel. hlifa, to climb." Gloss. Kingis 
 Quair. 
 
 Clevers, Cleevers, Clivers, Clavers, s. 
 
 Goosegrass, cleavers, Galium aparine: called 
 
 also Robin-run-the-hedge. 
 
 The plant is named Cleavers or Clavers in North of 
 Eng. also. V. Brockett's Gloss. It is so named on 
 account of its diving or climbing nature. * 
 
 CLEVIN, s. A measure equal to 5 bolls ; 
 but whether a measure of grain or of fodder 
 only has not been ascertained. 
 
 "Redditus prebende de illo anno . . x" et TJ 
 clevins et tres bolle prebende. Summe xiiij" devins xj 
 devins et tres bolle prebende, que sunt in celdris iiij'^xj 
 celdre et due bolle prebende." Exch. EoUs Scot. i. 7. 
 In p. 21 of same vol. the value of a clevin is clearly 
 shown by a statement that 50 c. = 15 chalders 10 bolls. 
 
 CLEW, Clou, s. Short for Clouse, q.v. 
 
 CLEWCH, Clew, s. A hollow between 
 steep banks, a narrow glen or valley; Accts. 
 L. H. Treas. i. 299; also, a precipice, high 
 rocky bank ; pi. clewis, like E. cliffs, shel- 
 ving rocks ; also, gaps or glens among the 
 rocks or in a hilly district, Douglas, Virgil, 
 i. ch. 4. Addit. to Cleuch. 
 
 CLEYNG, «. Errat.. in Dict. for Clethyng, 
 clothing. V. under Clathe, v. 
 
 This explanation, suggested by me in the note 
 appended to Dr. Jamieaon's article, has been confirmed 
 
CLI 
 
 [78] 
 
 CLO 
 
 by reference to more trustworthy versions of the poem 
 than that of Pinkerton. It may be noted that the 
 poem is now best known by the title of "The Awntyrs 
 of Arthur. " 
 
 CLIFT, s. A cliff, high and steep rock ; a 
 steep rocky hill side. 
 
 The herd, maist like ane's finger wauks, 
 Aboon yon fearfu' cli/t, 
 Scarce seen this day. 
 
 Alex. Wilso7i's Poems, p. 92. 
 
 A. -S. cllf, a rock, headland, cliflF ; Icel. klif, a cliflF. 
 Not connected, as is sometimes stated, with the verb 
 cleave, to split; but with A.-S. clifian, to cleave to, 
 Icel. klif a, to climb. See Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 CLIMMIN, Clymix, Clymbyng, part, and s. 
 Climbing, ascent, Barbour, x. 595. Syn. 
 speelin. 
 
 CLINSCHEAND, j)art. pres. Limping, 
 stumping, walking like a lame person, or 
 like one with a contracted leg ; another 
 form is clinking, and both forms are still 
 used. Addit. to Clinch. 
 
 And winkand with ane eye, furth he wend ; 
 Clinscheand he come, that he micht nocht be kend. 
 
 Henryson, Parliament of Beistis, 1. 173. 
 
 Clinch is still so used in West of S. : V. Gloss. 
 Wilson's Poems. A lame person, or one with a club- 
 foot is often called a hippity, a clinclier, or a hippily- 
 clincher. 
 
 Clinch is a softened form of clink, to beat, strike, or 
 knock sharply ; and is applied to lame or club-footed 
 persons on account of the beating or dumping manner 
 in which they walk. V. Douglas' Virgil. V. ch. 5. 
 
 Du. klink, a blow, klinken, to strike smartly, to 
 sound ; Dan. klinge, to sound, jingle, when struck ; 
 klinke, to clench, rivet ; Sw. klinka, id. 
 
 €LIPPING HOUSE, s. V. Cliphouss. 
 
 CLIVER, s. A footpath down a cliff, Orkn. 
 
 To CLOIT, Cloiter, v. a. To strike, 
 thump, batter; different forms are clod, 
 clout. West of Scot. Addit. to Cloit. 
 
 €LOLLE, s. Errat. in Dict. for Cholle, 
 jaws, q. V. 
 
 Defin. and etym. are wrong. The error originated 
 in Pinkerton's version of the poem, which supplied the 
 term. 
 
 To CLOOR, Clour, Clower, v. a. To dint, 
 to make a mark or impression, to scratch : 
 hence to make a welt, lump, or bump ; and 
 in a general sense, to beat, knock, or thump 
 violently ; to hurt, damage, or disfigure by 
 so beating, &c. Addit. to Clour. 
 
 Ye've lost a patriarch and mair 
 
 Whase crown Death's lang been doorin. 
 
 Alex. Wilson, Callamphitre's Elegy, s. 1. 
 While he, silly doofart, said never a word, 
 But aye his cUrwer'd cantle kept clawin', kept clawin. 
 Whistle Binkie, iu 234. 
 
 This term is not suflBciently explained in the Dict. 
 Swed. kula means a den, cave, cavern ; also a ball, 
 bullet ; that is, a hollow or dint, an elevation or lump ; 
 and kullra means to make a dint or a lump, to cause a 
 hollow or au elevation ; hence, to sirike or beat with a 
 
 club or stick, &c., to thump, thwack, crash ; and in a 
 general sense, to beat, knock, or thump in any way. 
 
 Prob. door, to dint, to welt, and door, to scratch, 
 are two distinct verbs : the one from Sw. kula, as 
 already stated, and the other from Sw. klo, a claw, pi. 
 klor. The act and result in each case are certainly 
 very different. 
 
 Cloor, Clour, Clowr, s. A dint or hollow, 
 a scratch ; also, a bump or elevation, a welt. 
 Also, a blow, stroke, crash. V. Clour. 
 
 Not used in Orkn. in sense of a blow, but only in 
 the sense of a scratch as by a nail or sharp point. 
 
 Cloorin, Clourin, s. Dinting ; welting ; 
 also, beating, knocking, crashing, thrashing ; 
 West of S.^ 
 
 CLOOSE, Clews, s. Sluice. V. Clouse. 
 
 CLOSE, s. A passage, entry, blind alley. 
 
 Close-Foot, Close-Head, Close-Mouth. 
 
 These terms may be best explained thus : — Close, 
 like street, has two distinct meanings : 1. a passage ; 2. 
 the houses built along that passage. As a passage, its 
 opening or entry from the street is called the dose- 
 mouth or mouth-of-the close : the part which passes 
 through the fore-laud, or leads to the back-houses, is 
 called tlie dose-head or head-of-the close : the part 
 along which the back-houses are built is the dose pro- 
 par, and its termination is the close-foot or the foot-of- 
 the close. 
 
 In the second sense — houses built along the passage, 
 back-houses or back-row, the entry or passage through 
 the fore-land, or from the street to the back-houses, is 
 called the dose-mouth ; the place meant by Alex. Wilson 
 in his picture of a rainy day — 
 
 And hens in mony a caul' dose-mouth 
 Wi' hingin tails are dreepin'. 
 
 Then, the houses next to the close-mouth, or nearest 
 the street, form the dose-heacl ; and those at the other 
 end, or farthest from the street, form the dose-foot. 
 Thus it comes that the passage through a fore-land is 
 sometimes called the close- mouth, and sometimes the 
 close-head : being at the same time the mouth or entry 
 to the back-houses, and the head of the close or pas- 
 sage. Similarly, the close-head may mean the head of 
 the passage, or the houses at the head of the passage. 
 It is in the latter sense that the term is used by Sir 
 Walter Scott. Addit. to Close, Close-Head. 
 
 Closodr, Closur, s. 1. Enclosure, a park 
 or place enclosed. V. Closeris. 
 
 "It is to wytt that gyf ony burges haf closour or 
 yharde closyt, and ony bestis of his nychburis, hora ox 
 or kow or ony other bestis entter tharin," &c. Frag- 
 ments of Old Laws, ch. 36. 
 
 2. A case, cover, receptacle. 
 
 " Item, ane crem stok of siluer with ane closour of 
 siluer." Mait. Club Misc., iii. 203. 
 
 O. Fr. closure, an enclosure; from Lat. clamitura. 
 Another form is closerie. 
 
 CLOUT, Clut, s. a cloth, patch, rag; hence, 
 a little bit, a small portion. Addit. to 
 Clout. 
 
 . , : the pure husband richt nocht 
 Bot croip and calf upon ane clout of land. 
 
 Henryson, Wolf and Lamb, 1. 123. 
 
CLO 
 
 [79] 
 
 COE 
 
 To CLOVE, V. a. To break or split the 
 fibres of flax preparatory to heckling it. V. 
 Cluff. 
 
 And skutch and clove and heckle lint and spin a pund of tow. 
 
 Old Song, The Weary Pund of Tow. 
 
 To clove, lit. to claw, to tear with claws ; for lint 
 
 was cloverl by being struck on and drawn over a set of 
 
 sharp spikes or hooks. By this process the fibres were 
 
 split and prepared for heckling. 
 
 A. -S. cledfaii, Du. kloven, Icel. Mjufa, Dan. Move, to 
 cleave, split. Cf. A.-S. da, cled, Icel. kid, Dan. klo, a 
 claw. 
 
 CLOWER'D, part, and adj. V. Cloor. 
 
 CLOWIT, part. pt. Nailed, fastened with 
 
 nails, rivelted. Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 A habirgeoun of burnist mailyeis brycht, 
 With gold ourgilt clowit thrynfald full tycht. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, v., ch. 5. 
 
 Fr. doner, to nail, fasten with nails, 
 
 Douglas here describes a hauberk of his own time, 
 and represents it as "triple, tightly fastened with 
 nails, i.e., riveted, and overgilt with gold." Both in 
 this passage and the similar one in Bk. III., 1. 467, he 
 renders " concertayn hamis " by dowit, nailed, riveted. 
 
 On the authority of Ruddiman, Dr. Jamieson ren- 
 dered this term "made of clews, woven"; and Mr. 
 Small has repeated the mistake, but with a slight 
 variation, by his rendering "sewed, made of clews." 
 The context clearly shows that those meanings are in- 
 admissible ; for the hauberk is stated to have been so 
 heavy that two strong servants could scarcely carry it 
 on their shoulders. 
 
 OLUCH, s. Represents a pron. of Cleuch, 
 q. V, Rob Stene's Dream, p. 13. 
 
 CLUD, s. A cloud, pi, duds ; Alex. Wilson's 
 Poems, pp. 42, 47. 
 
 CiiUDED, part. pt. Clouded, covered with 
 clouds. Ibid. p. 105. 
 
 Cludy, Cluddy, adj. Cloudy, obscured, 
 
 dark ; West of S. 
 
 A.-S. diid, a round mass ; hence doud is allied with 
 dod and dot, 
 
 CLUE, s. A clue as of yarn, &c. 
 
 Some sinfu' dues, the laft aboon, 
 Ye'll fin' row't in a blanket. 
 
 Alex. Wilson's Poems, p. 44. 
 Du, kluven. a clew ; A.-S, diwe, a shortened form 
 of diwen, id. 
 
 CLUNG, pret. and part. pt. Dried up, 
 shrunk, shrivelled, withered : synon. geis- 
 ined, creent, crined. V. Cling. 
 
 GLUT, .0. V. Clout. 
 
 CLUTE, Cloot, s. Prop, half of the hoof 
 of a cloven-footed animal ; but generally a 
 hoof. The pi, cloots, clutes, cluits, hoofs, is 
 very often used for feet in speaking of cows 
 and horses ; and among country people the 
 term is sometimes applied to human feet ; 
 West of S. Addit. to Clute. 
 
 While Mirran wi' her shoelin cloots 
 Ean yellochan an' greetin. 
 
 Alex. Wilson, Callamphitre's Elegy, s. 9. 
 
 The phrase " shoelin c?oo<s"=shufl[iing feet, i.e. flat, 
 ungainly feet. 
 
 CLYMBYNG, part, and s. V. Climmin. 
 
 CLYNK, s. Stroke; sound, tinkle. V. 
 Clink. 
 
 " . . and forgather hastelie betwix the Tolbuith 
 and the mele mercatt at the clynk of the commoun 
 bell," &c. Burgh Recs. Ediu., 19 Aug. 1524. 
 
 To CLYNSCH, V. n. V. Clinch. 
 
 COAL-GUM, Gum, .«. Small coal, dross. 
 Addit. to Coal-Gum. 
 
 Coal-gum, or for short, gum, is occasionally used 
 with the meaning of coal-dust, and grime, but its usual 
 meaning is small-coal, dross, riddlings, as used for 
 furnaces, etc. E. culm, from Fr. ecame, dross. 
 
 Coom is the name generally given to coal-dust, grime, 
 etc. V. Coom, 
 
 COBLE, COBELL, COBBIL, COWBLE, COW- 
 BiL, CowBiLL, V. A tub, barrel, or cis- 
 tern sunk in the ground to collect rain or 
 drain water. Addit. to Coble. 
 
 " Ane devyse , , for sinkis to serve the haill 
 houssis and to discend in tua cobillii or ane cohell as 
 salbe thocht most convenient." Aberd. Burgh Records, 
 6 March, 1616. 
 
 The form cowbill occurs repeatedly in Burgh Recs. 
 Edinburgh, vol. i : v. pp. 187, 188, 189, where it mean* 
 a malt-coble. 
 
 COCK, s. A familiar term equivalent ta 
 fellow, used only among friends in greeting 
 or hearty praise ; West of S. 
 
 A core o' a.s good hearty cocks 
 As e'er spent a saxpence o' siller. 
 
 Alex. Wilson's Poems, p. 11. 
 Rab was a gleg, smart cock, with powder'd pash. 
 
 Ibid., p. 24, 
 
 COCK-LOFT, s. The highest gallery in a 
 church, S. 
 
 COCQUET, CoKKHT, s. A custom-house 
 
 certificate that goods for export have been 
 
 duly passed ; also, the dues paid for passing 
 
 such goods ; also, the office where goods for 
 
 export are passed. 
 
 "For the customares aw . . to haue their awin 
 clerc at their awin expenses, whom over, customares 
 and tronares alike, the same clerc of cocquet aucht to 
 be controuUer." Statutes of David II., 5 Dec. 1365. 
 
 This word is supposed to be a corruption of the 
 words quo quietus which occur iu the Latin form of 
 the cocquet. V. Nares' Diet. 
 
 CODRUM, CoDRE, s. Forms of Cudreme^ 
 q. V. 
 
 COELTS, s. pi. Woods, clumps of wooding,^ 
 
 plantings, or as usually pron. plantina^ 
 
 Addit, to COELTS. 
 
 This term is left undefined in DiCT. ; but, in the 
 accompanying note the meaning " coUs, young horses, "^ 
 
COG 
 
 [80] 
 
 COL 
 
 is suggested : but this rendering makes nonsense of 
 the passage quoted. The word is an English adaptation 
 of Gael. coilUe, woods, short for coilltean, pi. of coille, 
 a wood, forest : E. holt. 
 
 COGALL, CoGAN, s. Prob. a misreading 
 
 of lonegall, q. v. Exch. Rolls Scot., i. 6, 
 
 7, 21. 
 
 The word cogall, which occurs frequently in the same 
 connection in the abridgement by Lord Haddington's 
 transcriber of the lost Rolls for the years 1263-6, in 
 which tonegal also is found, is probably the same word 
 written in the original in a contracted form and mis- 
 read. It has the same meaning, viz., a weight equal 
 to 6 stones. 
 
 To COGHLE, CoGHiL, u. n. To cougli in 
 a weak or exhausted manner ; to gasp or 
 blow like a person out of breath, or suffer- 
 ing from asthma : a dimin. of cough ; West 
 of S. 
 
 COILL-HUCHIS, s. pi Coal pits, Burgh 
 Recs. Prestwick, 5 Dec, 1489. V. CoiL- 
 
 HEUCH. 
 
 COKALAND, s. V. Cockalan. 
 
 COKBATE, s. A cockboat, a small boat ; 
 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 253. Of. M. E. 
 
 cogge, O. Dutch, kogge. 
 
 These terms, however, are borrowed, like the E. 
 word, from 0. Fr. coque, a cockle, an egg-shell ; Cotgr. 
 
 COKKILSCHELL, s. A scallop shell. 
 
 "Item, a collare of cokkilscheUis contenand xxiiij 
 schellis of gold." Accts. L. H. Treas., A. 1488, i. 86. 
 
 The reference is to the collar of the Order of St. 
 Michael. 
 
 COKSAILL, s. A weather-cock. 
 
 " . . . for mending of the cohsaill quhen the wind 
 blewe it doun, iiij s." Burgh Recs. Peebles, p. 414. 
 
 COLECT, CoLLEC, s. A collection, or con- 
 tribution for a certain purpose, generally 
 benevolent ; also, a tax. 
 
 "Gif ony of the breder of gilde fall in pouerte, the 
 breder of the gilde sal help him of gudis of the gilde, 
 or thai sal mak a colect throu the communite of the 
 toun to the some of xx s.," &c. Fragments of Old 
 Laws, ch. 2. 
 
 " And gif he [i.e., the leper] has nocht of his awne, 
 the burges of that toune sal gar be gadderyt amangis 
 thaim a collec to the valure of xx s.," &c. Burgh 
 Xiawis, ch. 58. 
 
 "Item, at thai [i.e., the bailies] put colectis vnreul- 
 fuUy and vndetfully nocht counsalit wit the comunite 
 of the burgh." Chalmerlan Air, ch. 4. 
 
 Fr. collecte, from Lat. coUecta. 
 
 COLEN, CoLYNE, s. and adj. Cologne: 
 colyne silk, Cologne silk, Burgh Recs. Aber- 
 deen, i. 234, Sp. C. 
 
 €OLK, 8. The eider duck, Orkn. (v. Neil's 
 Tour). 
 
 To COLL, Cole, v. a. To cut, trim, or put 
 
 into shape, to hollow out, to shape. Addit. 
 to Coll. 
 
 This term is not properly defined in Digt. It does 
 not mean to cut in general, nor to out obliquely, as 
 there stated. The primary idea is to cut or trim into 
 shape ; and this is implied in colling the hair, colling a 
 candle, and colling a shoe or stocking . in each case it 
 is cutting to a desired shape or form. Perhaps the best 
 example in illustration is the phrase "to coll a sey," 
 i.e., to cut out a nearly circular opening in a garment 
 for the insertion of a sleeve, or to hollow out the arm- 
 pit of a garment in order to relieve tightness : that is, 
 in both cases, to cut out the required shape. Jamie- 
 son's et3'm. of the term is correct, and confirms the 
 definitions now given. Besides, the term is still used 
 in the North of E. with these meanings. V. Brockett's 
 Gloss. 
 
 COLLEG, s. Colleague, associate, com- 
 panion or fellow in office. 
 
 " . . . ye accept the said office, and with your 
 saidis collegis use and put the samyn to executioun 
 deuly in all poyntis," &c. Burgh Recs. Edin., 8 Sept., 
 1519. 
 
 Lat. collega, one chosen or selected ; Fr. colUgue, a 
 colleague. 
 
 COLLIE, Colly, s. 1. The line across the 
 rink in curling ; same as Coll, q. v. 
 
 2. A name given to a curling-stone that fails 
 to pass the Collie ; also to a failed ball in 
 the game of bowls. V. CoLL. 
 
 COLLOGUE, s. A conversation in whispers 
 or secret, a private interview, a conference, 
 confederacy. 
 O. Fr. collogue, a conference. 
 
 To Collogue, v. n. To speak in whispers to 
 each other, to converse secretly; to plot, 
 plan, confederate. 
 
 COLMOTH,COLEMOTH, COLMOUTH, COLE- 
 MIB, COLMIE, COLM, COMB, S. The COal- 
 
 fish, Gadus carbonarius, Linn. ; for short, 
 called a colm, comb, com ; and when young, 
 a comamie, colminie. Addit. to CoLEMiE, 
 
 COLMIE. 
 
 This fish, which is still much used by the poorer 
 classes, was salted and dried in large quantities for 
 winter use. It is frequently mentioned in customs and 
 Burgh Recs. V. Assize of Petty Customs, ch. 6. 
 
 The comamies or young coal-fish appear to have been 
 much prized ; and they are mentioned by Scott as one 
 of the dainties of May — 
 
 Butter, new cheis, and beir in May, 
 Comamis, cokkillis, curdis and qunay, 
 Lapstaris, lempettis, mussillLs in schellis, 
 Grene leikis and all sic men may say, 
 Suppois sum of thame sourly smellis. 
 
 Alex. Scott, Of May, st. 7. 
 
 To COLOR, V. a. and s. To gloze, pretend 
 
 regarding, represent falsely, palm off ; hence 
 
 the sb. coloring. 
 
 "The quhilk day the provest, baillies, and counsall, 
 ordanis William Andersoun till compeir befoir thame 
 on Tyesday nixttocum for coloring of vnfremenies 
 gaidis," &c. Burgh Recs. Edin., 4 Mar., 1524-6. 
 
COL 
 
 [81] 
 
 CON 
 
 COLRAIK, s. Surety. V. Culreach. 
 
 COLYAR, Colter, Col year, Coilyear, 5. 
 A collier, Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 389, 390 ; 
 also, a coalman, hawker of coal, as, Rauf 
 Coilzear, Ralph the coalman, or coal-ca'er. 
 
 Not Ralph the collier, as generally rendered ; for he 
 did not dig the coals, he only sold them. As he in- 
 formed the Emperor, — 
 
 Hine ouer seuin mylis T duell 
 And leidis Coilis to sell. 
 
 St. 4. 
 
 COM, Cum, v. These forms occur as pr. t., 
 pa. <., and pa. part., in each of the follow- 
 ing applications. 
 
 1. Come, came ; arrive, arrived. 
 
 2. Sprout, sprouted ; like grain in growth, and 
 in the process of malting. V. Come. 
 
 3. Stretch, expand, yield; stretched, &c.; like 
 a cord under tension, metals under heat, &c. 
 
 Com, Come, Cum, s. 1. Coming, arrival, 
 approach; Barbour, Wallace. V. Com. 
 
 2. Growth, germination. V. Com. 
 
 COMAMIE, Cominie, s. V. under Colmoth. 
 
 To COMBURIE, v. a. to bury in company 
 with. 
 
 " And so like some American Kings whose custome 
 is to comburie their concubines with themselues, so 
 must we our old-mans afifections before we dissolue." 
 Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 16. 
 
 COME-AGAINST, adj. Repulsive, Orkn. 
 
 COME-KEIK, s. A novelty, Orkn. 
 
 COMMENTAR, s. Commentary, explana- 
 tion ; Blame of Kirkburiall, ch, 5. 
 
 COMMINITE, Comunyte, s. V. Com- 
 
 MONTY. 
 
 COMMON, adj. Public, belonging to or for 
 the benefit of the public ; as, common clerh, 
 the town clerk ; common pyper, the town 
 piper ; coynmon minstrel, the town musician ; 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 239, 375. 
 
 These officials are frequently mentioned in the Burgh 
 Records of Scotland, especially the common minstrels, 
 as most of the towns had one or more of those humble 
 musicians, and the nature of their calling tended to 
 bring tlieui oftener before their masters, the magistrates, 
 than was pleasant to either party. 
 
 To Common, Commoun, v. n. To have 
 dealings with, commune, converse: part. pr. 
 commoning, commonyng, used as a s. mean- 
 ing intercourse, conversation; Douglas, 
 Virgil, iv. ch. 1, Palice of Honour. 
 
 Common-Gude, s. V. under Gude. 
 (Sup.) L 
 
 COMMONTY, s. Commonness, publicity ; 
 a common, public, or every day matter. 
 
 Addit. to COMMONTY. 
 
 " Now this sepulchral communion for the commonty 
 of it, none should contemn." Blame of liirkburiall, 
 ch. 10. 
 
 COMPACIENT, adj. Compassionate, Doug- 
 las, Virgil, i. ch. 9. 
 
 COMPLEIS, Comples, s. An accomplice, 
 
 confederate ; pi. compleisis, complesis, Burgh 
 
 Recs. 
 
 Fr. complice, "a complice, confederate, companion 
 in a lewd action ; " Cotgr. 
 
 COMPREMYTTIT, part. pt. Engaged 
 together, jointly sued ; Burgh Recs. Prest- 
 wick, 2 June, 1541. V. Compromit. 
 
 COMPRISER, 5. Valuator, appraiser, 
 arbiter. Addit. to Compryser. 
 
 " James Smith in Kirktoune pursues Allan Langwill 
 in Murehouse for eaten come be the said AUane his 
 horse ; Arthure Bryce, one of the compriseris thereof, 
 being personallie present, declares the said skaith to 
 his judgement wes three pecks, at seavin shilling four 
 penies the peck, inde taentie two shilling." Corshill 
 Baron Court Book, Ayr and Wigtown Arch. Coll. , iv. 
 109. 
 
 COMPTOUR-BURD, s. A counting-board ; 
 a board divided into squares to facilitate 
 the counting of money ; also called a 
 Coiontour. 
 
 This term occurs in a list of heirship goods, thus : — 
 ". . ane flandres kist price vj s. ; ane box, price 
 iij s. ; ane com,ptour hurd, price a merk ; " &c. Acta 
 Dom. 1490, p. 176. 
 
 Fr. compioir, a counting board ; also, a coflfer for 
 money . 
 
 COMYN, s. Cumin, cumin seed: Petty 
 Customs, ch. 7. Lat. cuminum. 
 
 CON. A form of Can used for Gan, as 
 auxiliary verb, i.e., did : as, con fall, did 
 fall, fell; con study, did study, studied. 
 V. Can. 
 
 Con, Cone, s. A form of Can, ability, 
 possibility; Court of Venus, iv. 279. V. 
 
 Can. 
 
 Printed tone in Court of Venus, p. 120, S. T. S. ; 
 but the context suggests that it may be a mis-print or 
 a mis-reading of cone. 
 
 CONABILL, Conable, adj. Convenient, 
 suitable ; fit or able to be arranged ; a contr. 
 of O. Fr. covenable {=convenable)f id. 
 Barbour, iii. 290, v. 266. Other forms are 
 cunable, cunnable. Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 Con and, Cunand, s. V. Connand. 
 
 CONCEIT, Conceat, Conseate, Consait, 
 CoNSATE, s. Lit. a conception, i.e., of the 
 
CON 
 
 [82] 
 
 CON 
 
 mind : hence, fanciful contrivance or ar- 
 rangemiMit ; whim, delight ; Houlate, 11. 
 284, 300. 
 
 " . . . that not only for a religious respect were 
 they sepai-ated from the places of God, but in a 
 politick con.seate also from their owne, in permitting no 
 cittie buriall." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 16. 
 Then he march'd thro' the house, he march'd hut, he 
 
 marcli'd ben, 
 Like ower mony mae o' our great little men, 
 That I leugh clean outright, for I couldna contain, 
 He was sic a conceit — sic an ancient like wean. 
 
 The Wonderfu' Wean, Whistle Binkie, ii. 317. 
 
 CoNCEiTY, CoNCEATY, adj. Keadj, apt, 
 quick-witted, appropriate ; also, causing or 
 yielding pleasure, taking one's conceit or 
 fancy ; as, '' A blithe, conceity, wee thing." 
 Addit, to Conceity. 
 
 "According to the conceaty resolution of Theodore 
 in answer to the tyrant Lysimachus, that it was all one 
 to him to putritie aboue, or vpon, or within the earth." 
 Blame of Kirkburiall, oh. 6. 
 
 CONCLAVE, s. Secret chamber, council- 
 room. 
 
 Till he come quhair thir sisteris sat so schene 
 In ane canclave all maid of Christall cleir. 
 
 Court of Venus, ii. 501, S. T. Soc. 
 
 Fr. conclave, a conclave, closet ; Cotgr. Lit. a locked 
 up place. 
 
 CONCUBY, s. A concubine. Charters, &c. 
 of Peebles, p. 269, Rec. Soc. 
 
 To CONDAMP, V. a. To condemn; pret. 
 and part. pa. condampnit; Compl. Scot. p. 
 117, 119, E. E. T. S. 
 
 Condampnit, part. pt. Condemned, Lawis 
 of the Gild. ch. 9. 
 
 CONDYT, s. A conductor, Kingis Quair, 
 St. 113. Addit. to CoNDiT. 
 
 CONFEKKIT, part. adj. Confected, pre- 
 pared by art: '•^confekkit drynkis," fermented 
 liquors. 
 
 " , . at that time the pepil drank nothir vyne nor 
 beir, nor na vther confekkit drynkis." Compl. Scot. 
 p. 145, E. E. T. S. 
 
 Lat. confectus, id. 
 
 CONFIRMACIONE, s. A charter or deed 
 confirming a previous grant ; ratification. 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., A. 1473-4, i. 2. 
 
 "Item, ane conjlrmacione of ane charter to Johne 
 Lord Semple of the landis of Montgrenane, xli." 
 
 " Item, ane charter of conjlrmacione of the ferd part 
 of the landis of Glassill to Patrik Lindesaye, iij Ii." 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., A. 1494-95, i. 211. 
 
 CONFRARIE, .-». Brotherhood, fraternity, 
 association. 
 
 " . . statute and ordanit be the provest, baillies, 
 counsale, and brether of the confrarie of the gild," &c. 
 Burgh Recs. Edin., 29 March, 1508. 
 
 Fr. con/r4rie, a fraternity ; O. Fr. con/rairie, Cotgr. 
 
 To CONFRONT, v. a. To arrest, stem, 
 
 stay. 
 
 " . , . except so far as by examples we may con- 
 front our present confusions, whereat I aime. " Blame 
 of Kirkburiall, ch. 5. 
 
 CONGREW, adj. Congruous, harmonious; 
 
 Court of Venus, ii. 77. Lat. congruere, to 
 
 accord. 
 To CONJUNE, V. a. To conjoin : pret. ar.d 
 
 pari. pa. coyiiunit; Compl. Scot., p. 77, 82, 
 
 E. E. T. S. Lat. conjungere. 
 Conjunct-Feftment, s. Joint infeftment, 
 
 giving possession of property to husband 
 
 and wife in common. 
 
 " Item, ane charter of coniunctfeftment to Alexander 
 Reid and his wifF, v. Ii. vj s. viij." Accts. L. H. 
 Treas., A. 1494, i. 211. Dickson. 
 
 To CONJURE, CoNiURE, v. n. To conspire, 
 rebel, or league against authority ; Compl. 
 Scot. p. 133, E. E. T. S. 
 
 CONJURATIONE, CoNIURATIONE, S. Conspi-' 
 
 racy, act of leaguing against authority ; 
 Ibid., p. 117. 
 CONNOYANCE, Connysaunoe, Conysanoe, 
 
 s. V. COGNOSCANCE. 
 
 The term of which these forms are varieties implies 
 cognisance in the ordinary as well as in the heraldic 
 sense. Jamieson gave the latter only. 
 
 CONNRYNG, s. Prob. a mistake for 
 commyng or coumyng, cumin. 
 
 Fr. cumin, Lat. cuminum, Heb. kammon. 
 
 " Alsswa the said balye gayf sessing with a penne of 
 a pond of connryng of Wil Bully land awest the Cors." 
 Charters &c. of Peebles, p. 113, Rec. Soc. 
 
 CONNYNG, CoNNiN, s. Experience, skill, 
 ability, judgment. 
 
 " . , and thai sail swer the gret athe that thai sail 
 thar of suth say and na suth layne, at thar connyng 
 and at thar knawlage, or thane be the worde of thar 
 faderys," &c. Fragments of Old Laws, ch. 10. 
 
 Modified from Icel. kunnandi, knowledge, experience; 
 from kunna, to know. 
 
 CONQUES, V. and s. V. Conquace. 
 Conquest, Conquished, part, pt Acquired, 
 
 obtained by purchase ; Accts. L. H. Treas., 
 
 i. 3. Addit. to Conquace. 
 
 CONSAIT, CONSATE, s. V. Conceit. 
 To CONSIDER, ger. To be considered. 
 
 "The contrare kinde of exemples that negatiuelie 
 are set down to exhort to abstinence from their imita- 
 tion rests to consider." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 17. 
 
 This application of the gerund is still used : as, "The 
 letter is still to write." 
 
 CONSINGAGE, Cosingage, s. V. Cosing- 
 
 NACE. 
 CONSPIRATIONE, *. Conspiracy, CompL 
 Scot., p. 113, 117. Fr. conspiration. 
 
CON 
 
 [83] 
 
 COR 
 
 To CONSTREINYE, Constrenye, Con- 
 STREIGNE, V. a. To constrain, compel ; 
 Compl. Scot., p. 68, 125, E.E.T.S. 
 
 " . . . that law will nocht constrehiye na burges 
 to tak ony ither borch for his punde than a burges bot 
 gif he will." Bnrgh Lawis, ch. 32. 
 
 " . . . bot gif it war sua that he war sa gretly 
 constreignit throanede, . . . fornede has na law." 
 Ibid., ch. 101. 
 
 Fr. constraindre, from Lat. constringere. 
 
 CONSTRY, CoNSTRiE, Constre, s. V. 
 
 CONSTERIE. 
 
 CONSUET, adj. Customary, usual. 
 
 "Item, gif thar be ony that has away woll skynnia 
 or hiddes of the whilkis thai pay na custom aucht and 
 consuet." Chalmerlan Air, ch. 28. 
 
 Lat. consuetus, accustomed. 
 
 CoNSUET, s. Short for Consuetude. 
 
 CONSUETUD, s. Custom. Lat. consuetudo. 
 
 " . . . but his wardane . . . sail geyff 
 ansuer for hym and thole dome for hym eftir the con- 
 suetud and the consideracion of the worthi men of the 
 toune. " Burgh Lawis, ch. 80. 
 
 To CONTEMPIL, v. a. To contemplate, 
 observe, watch; pret. contemplit-, Compl. 
 Scot., p. 37, 47, E.E.T.S. Fr. contempler. 
 
 CONTEMPLINE, CONTEMPLENE, part, and S. 
 
 Contemplating, contemplation ; Ibid., p. 46. 
 
 CONTENANCE, Countinans, 5. Demean- 
 our, bearing ; Kingis Quair, st. 45, 50, 82, 
 Barbour, i. 392, 482 ; he countinans, ap- 
 parently, to all appearance, Ibid., xi. 496. 
 V. CoNTiiNE. 
 
 Bai-bour uses both contenance and contening in the 
 same sense, vii., 387. 
 
 OONTENTATIOUN, s. Satisfaction, com- 
 pensation ; Burgh Recs. Edin., 6th March, 
 1525-6. V. Content. 
 
 CONTROWIT, part. pt. Contrived, in- 
 vented, devised ; Douglas, Virgil, ii,, ch. 3, 
 
 Edin. MS. V. CONTRUFE. 
 
 In Ruddiman's 'E^A . contruuit from contrufe; controioit 
 is from the other form controve, which is given by 
 Halliwell. The term is not correctly rendered in 
 Small's Gloss, to Douglas. 
 
 CONVETH, s. A certain duty paid to a 
 chief or superior. 
 
 The following statement will make Jamieson's ex- 
 planation of this term complete. 
 
 " Conueth was the Irish ' Coinmhedha or Coigny,' 
 and the ' Dovraeth ' of the Welsh laws ; and was 
 founded upon the original right which the leaders in 
 the tribe had to be supported by their followers. It 
 came to signify a night's meal or refection given by the 
 occupiers of the land to their superior when passing 
 through his territory, which was exigible four times in 
 the year ; and when the tribe territory came to be re- 
 cognised as crown land, it became a fixed food contri- 
 bution charged upon each ploughgate of land. 
 
 "In the reign of Alexander the Third this word 
 seems to have assumed the form of Waytinga, and ap- 
 pears in the Chamberlain Rolls of his reign as a burden 
 upon the Thanages.'' Skene's Celtic Scotland, iii. 232. 
 
 CONVICT, CONVICK, CONVYKKYT, part.pt. 
 Convicted, found guilty ; used also for con- 
 demned, and as short for convicted and 
 condemned. 
 
 " . . . and thai be convict, thai sail pay amercy- 
 ment of viij s." Burgh Lawis, ch. 60. 
 
 " Isobel Cokkie in Kyntor, be vertew of this com- 
 mission, convick and brunt, 19th Feb., 1596." Trials 
 for Witchcraft, Spald. Misc., i. 84. 
 
 " And gif scho makis ivil ale . . . and be con- 
 vylchjt of it, scho sail gif til hir mercyment viii s,," &c. 
 Burgh Lawis, ch. 63. 
 
 CONVYNE, CoNWYN, Conwyne, Covyne, 
 CovYNG, s. Agreement, bargain, counsel, 
 plot, design ; used both in a good and in a 
 bad sense; Barbour, iv. Ill, v. 301, ix. 14, 
 xiii. 122. 
 0. Fr. covine, agreement, contrivance. 
 
 CONYE, CoNYiE, s. A double hook or 
 cleek used by fleshers in suspending a car- 
 case of mutton, beef, &c. 
 
 " . . . ane conye, ane camroll, with ane obiuse." 
 Burgh Recs. Aberd., i. 176, Sp. C. 
 
 CoNYiE, CONYIIE, CoYNYHE, adj. Cornered, 
 angular, squared. V. CoiN. 
 
 "... xii*" hewyn stanys astlayr and coynyhe 
 swilk as fallys to that werk." Charters of Edin 
 29th Nov., 1387. 
 
 COPPIN, part. pt. Errat. in DiCT. for 
 Croppin, crept, q. v. 
 
 This mistake originated in Tytler's Ed. of The 
 Kingis Quair. V. Note in Skeat's Ed. , p. 92. 
 
 COOM, s. Dust from a mill, or from riddled 
 seeds, i.e., from corn, Orkn. 
 
 COPILL, s. A couplet, Kingis Quair, st. 
 92, 93, S.T.S. 
 
 COPPIT, adj. Cup-shaped, hollow; Douglas, 
 
 Virgil, xiii., ch. 4, Edin. MS. 
 
 Ruddiman's Ed. has toppit, topped, atop, borne 
 aloft. The passage runs thus : — 
 
 . . . . the snale 
 Schakand hyr coppit schell or than hir tale. 
 
 CORBAL, CoRBELL, s. A projecting stone 
 or piece of timber which supports a super- 
 incumbent weight : also used as short for 
 corbel-table. 
 
 " Item, for sawing of fcwa geistis and corhellis, ilk 
 geist x^ and ilk corbell v^ ; summa ijs vj<*." Accts. 
 Burgh of Edinburgh, 26th Jan., 1554. 
 
 Fr. corbeille, a wicker basket ; also, a corbel in 
 masonry. 
 
 CoRBALSAiLYE, .«. Prob. parapets or other 
 projections corbelled out beyond the face of 
 a fortified wall. V. Saillie. 
 
COR 
 
 [84] 
 
 cou 
 
 " Licentiam edificandi castra, turres et fortalicia 
 cum januis ferreis, le battelling corbalsailye, barm- 
 kynnis et carceribus." Reg. Mag. Sig., 1424 — 1513, 
 No. 1639. 
 
 Fr. corheille, a corbel, and saillie, a projection ; like 
 " saillie de maison, an outjutting room ; " Cotgr. 
 
 COECE, s. Cross. V. Cors. 
 
 CORDINAR, CORDONARE, CORDTNAR, COR- 
 
 DENAR, 5. A shoemaker, Accts. L. H. 
 
 Treas. i. 65, iii. 268, 285. E, cordwainer. 
 
 O. Fr, cordoan, cordowan, Cordovan leather; 
 Roquefort. Low Lat. cordoanum, from Cordoa, a spel- 
 ling of Cordova, in Spain. V. Skeat's Etym. Dicr. 
 
 CORD OK, s. A place of detention for 
 evil-doers ; a lock-up, piison cell. 
 
 ". . . Nov., 1554, for ix. suekkis with thair 
 stapils to the ix. cordoJckis of the tolbuith," &c. Accta. 
 Burgh of Edinburgh, ii. 294. 
 
 Prob. from Gael, coirtheach, wrong-doing, wrong- 
 doer, a guilty person. 
 
 CORD-TAWES, s. Taws of cord; i.e., a 
 
 scourge of small cords. 
 
 " . . . the Kirk . . . , as being a denne of 
 theeues, deseruing the Lord's cord-tawes." Blame of 
 Kirkburiall, ch. 13. 
 
 CORD WAN, CORDWANE, S. V. CORDEVAN. 
 
 CORKIS, s. pi. Cork-heeled shoes. 
 
 This term occurs in a list of articles of dress obtained 
 for the Queen and her ladies M'hen preparing to start on 
 a pilgrimage to Whithorn in August, 1473. The list 
 is headed, " Thingis tane for the Queenis persone." 
 
 " In the first, to Caldwele of hire chalmire, to pay 
 for patynis and corlcis, xij s," Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 
 29. Dickson. 
 
 These are the " corkit schone " of our old ballads. 
 
 CORNLAND, Cornel and, s. Arable, 
 
 tilled, or cultivated land. 
 
 •* . . . prata, marresia, hortos terras arabiles, lie 
 comeland, terras non arabiles lie unland." Reg. Mag. 
 Sig. 
 
 CORNIS, s. pi. Corn crops. S. 
 
 CORONAT, part. adj. Crowned, Henryson, 
 Lyoun and Mous, 1. 58. 
 Lat. coronatas, id. ; from Lat. corona, a crown . 
 
 CORPS-GUARDE, s. Body-guard ; Blame 
 of Kirkburiall, cb. 19. 
 
 CORRECTOR, Correctour, s. Rector, 
 instructor, conductor; as, '^correctour of 
 the queir," rector of the choir ; Burgh Recs. 
 Aberd., 5 Oct. 1553, Houlate, 1. 212. 
 
 CORRODY, CoRODY, s. A sum of money, 
 
 or an allowance of food, drink, and clothing 
 
 due to the King from a vassal for the 
 
 maintenance of an accredited servant when 
 
 passing through his lands. V. Conveth. 
 
 David I. of Scot, made frequent visits to the court 
 of Henry I. of Eng., and on each occasion was 
 provided for both in going and returning by grants of 
 
 corrody. V. Calendar of Documents relating to 
 Scotland, i. 2-6. 
 O. Fr. conroyer, corroyer, to furnish, provide. 
 
 CORSAY, Corsie, s. A kind of cap worn 
 by women : called also a coiirche, a curche, 
 a curcliey ; and like M. E. courchef, is der. 
 from Fr. couvre-chef. 
 
 " . , pulling of hir corsay of hir heid and rugging 
 of hir hair." Burgh Recs. Peebles, p. 275, Rec. Soc. 
 
 CORTRIKYS, s. A kind of cloth made at 
 Courtray, the Flemish name of which was 
 Cortrijck, or Kortryk. 
 
 Following two entries as to the purchase of cloth of 
 Ypres comes "Idem computat per empcionem de v 
 pti( iia cum dimidio j ulna cum dimidia ulna Coitrikys et 
 communis varii coloris et precii." Exch. Rolls, Scot, 
 ii. 465. 
 
 CORUYN, CORVYNB, part. pt. Carved out, 
 cut from ; Douglas, Virgil, 141, 9, Rudd. 
 ed. Errat. in Dict, q. v. 
 
 Edin. MS. has corvyne, which proves Dr. Jamieson's 
 rendering to be wrong. However, he only followed 
 Ruddiman. 
 
 COSYNE, CoSTNG, s. A cousin, near rela- 
 tion, Barbour, xii. 31 ; pi. cosyngisy Ibid, 
 viii. 396. 
 
 CosYNAGE, s. Kin, kindred, relationship; 
 
 Ibid. V. 135. V. COSINGNACE. 
 
 COT - ARMOUR, Cotearmour, Coyt- 
 Armour, Cot of Armis, s. A surcoat or 
 tabard charged with armorial bearings ; cot- 
 armour, Barbour, xviii. 95 : pi. cot-ar^movris, 
 armorial devices. Ibid. viii. 231. These 
 terms are also used by Barbour and Douglas, 
 meaning a coat of mail. 
 
 "Item, [3 Sept., 1496] for ij. elne of dowbil rede 
 taffaty, to be the Kingis cotearmour, xxxvj s." Accts. 
 L. H. Treas., i. 292. 
 
 And on 3 Oct., 1488, " . . . for ix coyt armouria 
 to the harroldis and purcyfantis, price of ilk peyce, 
 sylk, golde, aysure, and the makin of thaim, v Ii ; 
 summa of the ix, xlv Ii." Ibid. i. 163. 
 
 O. Fr. cote, a coat ; armoirie, graven or charged with 
 arms. But, as a coat of mail, from cote, a coat ; and 
 armure, harness, armour. 
 
 COTHERLIE, adj. 
 Orkn. 
 
 Kindly, affectionate ; 
 
 COTTON, COTTONT, COTTONIT, COTONYT, 
 adj. Dressed with a nap, having a soft 
 nap ; as, cotton lamskinnis, lambskins with 
 the wool cottoned or dressed, Accts. L. H. 
 Treas., i. 202 : cotonyt clath, cloth dressed 
 or finished with a long nap, Ibid. i. 164. 
 
 COTTONOY, 8. An annoyance, Orkn. 
 
 COU, w. and*. V. Cow. 
 
cou 
 
 [85] 
 
 COW 
 
 To COUCH, V. a. To lay, inlay, set, deck, 
 adorn ; pret. and part. pt. couchit, decked, 
 Kingis Quair, st. 46. 
 
 Couchit, Cowchit, part. pt. Inlaid ; 
 same as Coutchit, q. v., Douglas. E. couched. 
 
 COUDE, Code, 5. Chrisom-cloth. V. Cude. 
 
 To COUER, V. a. To recover. V. CouK, 
 Cower. 
 
 COUNTEEFOOTE, s. Pattern, example, 
 imitation. E. counterfeit. V. Counter- 
 
 FACTE. 
 
 " For as the Lord said to his two disciples (that after 
 the counterfoote of Elias, ■would haue ccmn anded a 
 C'lnsiaiiirig fire to coiiie dowiie agaiuht the iiiln spitall 
 Samaritanes.)" Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 16. 
 
 COUNTINANS, Countynans, s. V. Con- 
 tenance. 
 
 COUP, Cowp, s. V. Coop. 
 
 To COUP, V. a. To shoot or empty the load 
 of a coup or cart. Addit. to CouP, v. 
 
 Coup, s. 1. A coup or cart-load ; as, " coups 
 of fuilyie," cart or horse-loads of manure, 
 Ayr and Wigtown Arch. Coll., iv. 149. 
 
 2. The act, right, or liberty of emptying a 
 cart-load. 
 
 3. A place for shooting or emptying cart-loads 
 
 of earth, ashes, and rubbish. 
 
 Clay -holes, quarries, etc., that the owners desire to be 
 filled up are advertised as conps. 
 
 Free Coup, s. Liberty to coup or deposit 
 rubbish free of charge ; also, a place where 
 this liberty may be had. 
 
 To advertise a free-covp at such a place is the usual 
 method of notifying that rubbish is urgently required 
 at that place for levelling purposes. 
 
 The foregoing applications of Coup are still used. 
 
 To COUPON, CowpoN, CuLPON, v. a. To 
 cut into pieces, slice, cut up. 
 
 '* For superstition is lyke some serpents, that though 
 they be couponed in many cuttes, yet they can keepe 
 some lyfe m all." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 11. 
 
 Fr. coupon, a slice : from covper, to cut. 
 
 Coupon, Cowpon, Culpon, s. A shred, 
 
 rag, cutting, pairing. Addit. to Cowpon, 
 
 q. V. 
 
 The form culpon occurs in Chaucer, meaning a little 
 bunch or bundle. 
 
 To COUR, Cure, v. a. To cover, spread, 
 
 protect, to serve with the male ; part. pr. 
 
 cureing, used also as a s. 
 
 " In the action persewed be the said Robert Edmund 
 against Robert Alexander in Foggiehillok for half a 
 croun for cureing a mare with the persewer stoned 
 horse. The Judge decerned the defender to pay half 
 
 pryce because the defender was oblidgtd to goe to 
 another horse, quhich was proved at the bar." Cors- 
 hill Baron Court Book, Ayr and Wigtown Arch. Coll., 
 iv. 240, 
 
 CouR, Cure, s. A cover, dish ; pi. curis, 
 cureifi, bake-meats, cooked meats, Houlate, 
 1. 695. 
 
 Given as Curer in DiCT., which is a misreading of 
 Piiikerton's ed. Bann. MS. has cureis ; Asloan M8. 
 cnris. 
 
 CouRFYRE, CuRFOYR, 5. Curfew, eveuing- 
 bell. Fr. couvre-feu. 
 
 *' Ordanis the stepill and knok to be ordourlie and 
 suflBcientlie kepit, usit and wont, and to regno (ring) 
 xij houris, vj houris, and courfyre nychtlie." Burgh 
 Rec. Peebles, p. 324. Rec. Soc. 
 
 The teini occurs in Aberdeen Burgh Recs., 27 Oct., 
 150.3 as curfoyr. 
 
 To C OURAY, V. a. To curry, to dress or 
 prepare tanned leather for the shoemaker. 
 
 *' Item, whair thai suld gif thair lethir gude oyle and 
 taulch, tnai gif it bot watter and salt. Item, thai wirk 
 it or it be courait, in greit hindering and skaith of the 
 Kingis liegis." Chalmerlan Air, ch. 22. 
 
 0. Fr. conroier, later couroier, or as Cotgrave has it 
 conroyer, courroyer, "to currie, tawe, or dresse, aa 
 leather." 
 
 Burguy gives the forms conroier, conreier, conraer, 
 to equip, furnish, prepare, put in order : from the 
 root roi, rei, rai, order, arrangement. 
 
 COURPLE, s. The crupper of a saddle? 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 388. V. Curple. 
 
 COURTICIAN, CuRTiciAN, s. A courtier, 
 courtesan ; Compl. Scot., p. 133. Fr.^ 
 courtisan. 
 
 COURTINGIS, s. pi. Curtains. 
 
 "Item, [A. 1474] fra Will of Rend to bind my Lordis 
 co«r^i>/g'« j^ quarter of bukrame, price xij d." Accts. 
 L. H. Treas., i. 41. 
 
 ''My Lord" here mentioned was Prince James, 
 afterwards James IV. of Scotland, and the bit of buck- 
 ram became part of the furnishing of his cradle. 
 
 COUTH, CouTHiN, s. A two-year-old and 
 a three-year-old coal-fish, Orkn. 
 
 COUTHY, CouTHiE, adj. V. Couth. 
 
 To COVAIT, CowAiT, V. a. To desire,, 
 wish, crave ; Court of Venus, iii. 184, 502. 
 
 To COW THE BENT. Lit. to crop the 
 coarse grass of the common or of untilled 
 land ; to take what one can get, to live as 
 one may. Cow the Beitt implies living on 
 poor fare, and hence poverty, disgrace, mis- 
 fortune. 
 
 Milch cows are pastured on the best grass ; less worth 
 cattle are sent to cow the bent. W^hen a person is dis- 
 graced or cast oflF, he is said to be sent to cow the bent. 
 The life of poverty, disgrace, or misfortune, is often 
 called a life of "cow the bent." 
 
 And sum day quhen he seis his skaith, 
 He will yow thank and rewaird baith. 
 
cow 
 
 [86] 
 
 ORE 
 
 And turn the fox bak to his rent. 
 And former style of cow the bent. 
 
 Rob SteTie's Dream, p. 5. 
 
 COWAEDY, Co^yARDIE, s. Cowardice, 
 faint-heartedaess. Barbour, i. 26, 747, 
 Edin. MS. 
 
 Camb. MS. reads woidre, stratagem, cunning, in ix. 
 747, which certainly makes better sense. V. Skeat's 
 Barbour, Gloss., and note p. 579. 
 
 CO WBEL, CowBiLL, CowBLE, s. V. Coble, 
 Coble. 
 
 COWNTOUR, s. V. Comptour-burd. 
 
 CowNTOURiS, s. pi. Counters, called also 
 Nuremberg tokens, used in calculations on 
 the Couuter or Comptour-board. Accts. 
 L. H. Treas., i. 300. 
 
 COYNYE, 8. and adj. Corner. V. Com. 
 
 CRAAR, Crare, s. V. Creare. 
 
 CRABBING, s. Irritation, provocation, 
 rage ; Henrvson, Orpheus and Eurydice, 1. 
 503. V. Crab. 
 
 CRABSTANE, Cribstane, s. Kerbstone, 
 border of street pavement ; S. 
 
 CRAIKAND, paj't. Croaking, crying; 
 Henryson, Preiching of the Swallow, 1. 159. 
 V. Craik. 
 
 CRAIG, s. Neck, throat. V. Crag. 
 
 CRAKLING - CHEESE, s. Refuse of 
 tallow pressed into the form of a cheese ; 
 used for feeding dogs, poultry, etc., S. 
 Addit. to Cracklings. 
 
 Tallow refuse is also called crahlc'mgs ; and the cake 
 or cheese crakking -cheese ; West of S. 
 
 CRAK-R AIP, Crak-Rape, s. Crack-rope ; 
 one fit for the hangman's rope ; a term of 
 contempt applied to a thief or a rascal, ex- 
 pressive of what he deserves. 
 
 In dreid and schame our dayis we indure : 
 Syne widdie-nek and crak-raip callit als, 
 Ajid till our hyre hangit up be the hals. 
 
 Henryson, Tod's Confessioun, 1. 48. 
 
 In Dr. Laing's ed. of Henryson this term is carelessly 
 rendered "hangman's rope." 
 
 Crak-raip or crack-rope, crack-hemp, crack-halter, 
 are terms of contempt used both in Eng. and Scot., and 
 generally applied to habit-and-repute thieves : but, like 
 the term widdie-nek as used by Henryson, and gallows- 
 bird of modern times, they were also applied to rogues, 
 rascals, and miscreants of the worst kind, to express the 
 end they will come to, or the punishment they deserve. 
 Shakespeare certainly uses crack-hemp in this sense. 
 Some writers, however, define crack-raip as one who 
 has been hanged, but escaped by the breaking of the 
 rope ; for a man can't be hanged twice. But this 
 meaning is, at least, not the one in which the term is 
 commonly used ; and prob. it has originated from the 
 mistaken idea that crack means to break. In this 
 connection it means to stretch or strain tight, to stretch 
 to the utmost : just as we say the rigging, cordage, or 
 
 timbers of a ship crack and shiver when straining in a 
 storm. 
 
 CRAN, s. A crane ; also, a vulgar name 
 for a heron ; Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 182, 
 Dickson. 
 
 In Scot, records the word cran almost always means 
 a heron, and during the fifteenth century this bird 
 must have been common in Scotland, as it formed an 
 important dish at great feasts. V. Gloss, to Accts. 
 But the crane never was a native of Scotland, and has 
 always been an exceedingly rare visitant. 
 
 Or like a cran, 
 
 That man take nine steps before she flee, 
 
 Old Proverb. 
 A.i-S. cran, Dan. krane, Swed. kran, id. 
 
 Cran-Craig, Cran-Craigie, Cran-Craigit, 
 s. and adj. Crane neck, one who has a 
 long slender neck ; also, crane-necked ; as, 
 "That cran-craigie beast cou'd never ca' 
 coals," West of S. 
 V, Ci-an, a crane, and Craig, a neck. 
 
 CRAP-HEICH, Crop-Heich, Grope - 
 Heigh, adj., adv., and s. Topmost, highest: 
 in the crop - heich, in the highest place, 
 Houlate, 1. 408, Bann. MS. 
 
 CRARE, s. V. Creare. 
 
 CRASIE, Crasy, Chraisy, s. A kind of 
 bonnet for women, a sun-bonnet, Clydes., 
 Lothian. V. Gaberlunzie Wallet, p. 40. 
 
 CRAUDON, s. A craven. V. Crawdon. 
 
 CRAW-POCKIES, s. The eggs of sharks, 
 skate, and dog-fish, Orkn. 
 
 To CREAN, Creen, Creix, v. a. Forms of 
 Crine, to shrivel, &c., q. v. 
 
 CREANCE, Creans, s. Credit. Fr. creance. 
 
 " And all manner of othir thingis till thair creance 
 
 lent or laid in wed within thair burghe jt sail fully be 
 
 determyt and endit." Fragments of Old Laws, ch. 8. 
 
 Creansour, s. A creditor. Fr. creancier. 
 
 *' And gif he wil nocht it outquyte, it sal be salde 
 and the creansour sail tak his dett." Burgh La wis, 
 ch. 79. 
 
 Credence, s. Credentials, testimonials ; evi- 
 dence, attestation. O. Fr. credence, as 
 
 creance. 
 Quhen thai consauit had the cas and the credence. 
 Be the herald in hall huve thai nocht ellis. 
 
 Houlate, 1. 300. 
 
 CREAT, pret. and part. pa. Created, Compl. 
 Scot., p. 34, 43, E.E.T.S. 
 
 CREESHIE, adj. V. under Creisch. 
 
 CREMAR, s. A pedlar, a hawker of wares ; 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 184. V. Creamer. 
 
 According to the burgh laws the cremar was allowed 
 to have an open stand or stall at certain fairs and mar- 
 kets but their usual stance was on the street, and if 
 
ORE 
 
 [87] 
 
 CRO 
 
 possible near the door of a church, as noticed in the 
 entry quoted above. 
 
 The burgess and guild-brother, who kept a booth or 
 shop, had no favour for the cremar ; and it was reckoned 
 dishonourable for a booth-keeper to be a cremar as well. 
 Indeed, in a dispute among the hammermen of Glasgow 
 in 1645 regarding one of their brethren who had been 
 creaming, the provost and magistrates were intreated 
 to protect the craft ; and the petition presented by the 
 guild craved them "to caus the said Robert keip him- 
 self and his wair within his owne buith anddrope, and 
 to consider that no buithe keiper aught to be ane 
 creamer," etc. Burgh Recs. Glasgow, Vol. II., p. 77, 
 V. Drop^ 
 
 CREME-STOK, Crem-Stok, s. The chrism- 
 stock, or vessel for holding the holy anointing 
 oil. 
 
 "Item, ane crem-stok of siluer with ane closour of 
 siluer and the laif of the graithe langand thairto of 
 euore." Reg. Vestments, &c. St. Salvator's Coll. St. 
 Andrews, Maitland Club Misc., iii. 203. 
 
 O. Fr. creiime, the chrism. 
 
 CREMESYE, s. V. Cramesye. 
 
 CREN, s. A crane. V. Crane. 
 
 CRENISHED, part. pt. Notched, serrated ; 
 broken or gapped along the top or edge, as 
 a mouldering wall or rusty sword. 
 
 " The back dyick of the college yaird quhilk is cren- 
 ished and speldit . . and lickle to faill." Aberd. 
 Burgh Records, 28 Aug., 1646. 
 
 0. Fr. crend, nicked, notched, indented. 
 
 CRENYIE, adj. Small, dwarfish, Orkn. 
 CRESCHE, s. Grease. V. Creisch. 
 
 "... falset in weyande of ony thyng suilk as 
 woll, nowte crescke or swyne sayme," etc. Burgh 
 Lawis, ch. 68. 
 
 CREWIS, s.pl. Craves. V. Croo, Cruve. 
 CRIIT, Criour. V. under Cri/. 
 
 To CRINGE, Crynge, Crenge, Crainge, 
 
 V. n. To cringe, crouch, shrivel, draw to- 
 gether, cower; as, "He sits cringin at the 
 fire." 
 
 He criplit, he cryngit, he cairfully cryd. 
 He solpit and sorrowit in sichingis seir. 
 
 Houlate, 1. 956, Bann. MS. 
 As generally used this term seems to be a freq. of 
 crine, to shrivel, grow less ; Gael, crionan : which, 
 however, could not evolve the final ge. As used in 
 Mod. Eng., it is said to be derived from A.-S. cringan, 
 crincgan, crincan, to sink in battle, fall, succumb. V. 
 Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 CROFF, Cruff, s. a hovel, sty. V. Crufe. 
 
 CROIP, s. Crop ; croip and calf, crop and 
 grass, Henryson. V. under Calf. 
 
 CROKETS, Crokettis, s. pi. Ruffles, 
 neck-ornaments, curls, tresses ; West of S. 
 Addit. to Crockats. 
 
 Crockets were twists of hair originally. V. Halliwell. 
 
 To CRONE, Crune, v. n. V. Croyn, Croon. 
 
 CROOK, Cruik, s. a crack or cleft in a 
 rock, or in a rocky hill-side ; also, hollows 
 under projecting rocks ; Barbour, x. 602, 
 605, Hart's Ed. E. creeks. 
 
 CROOKED, Crukyt, adj. Deformed, lame, 
 decrepid. V. Cruke. 
 
 " Andrew Buchanan in Robertlane pursues Thomas 
 Wylie in Meikle Corshill for curing of ane horse 
 crooked.^' Corshill Baron Court, Ayr and Wigtown 
 Arch. Coll., iv. 107. 
 
 "GitFouy of our brether of the gilde in his eyld fall 
 crukyt or pure or in ane vncurabill seyknes, and he 
 haue nocht of his awin whar of he may be sustenyt 
 . . . he salbe releffyt." Lawis of the Gild, ch. 12. 
 
 To CROON, Croun, v. a. To hum or sing 
 softly, as to an infant ; to sing with subdued 
 voice, as for practice when one is alone or 
 pleased. V. Croyn. 
 
 Whiles holding fast bis gude blue bonnet ; 
 Whiles crooning o'er some auld Scots sonnet. 
 
 Burns, Tarn o' Shunter. 
 But blythely tak' the road, an' while journeying alang, 
 Croon cheerily to mysel' an auld Scottish sang. 
 
 Alex. Wil ion's Poons, p. 410. 
 In the DiCT. croon is represented as a neut. vb. only. 
 
 To Croon, Croun, v. n. To emit low, sad, 
 sorrowful tones, to sing a lament ; to mourn, 
 lament; as, " She sits croonin for her bairn 
 that's gane." Addit. to Croon, Croyn. 
 
 Croon is also used to express playing or practising in 
 a low or sad tone; as, "the shepherd croonira on his 
 pipe." In this sense James Ballantine uses the term 
 in his merry song, "The Auld Beggar Man." 
 He puff'd on the weaver, he ran to his loom ; 
 He shankitthe snab hams to cobble his shoon ; 
 He skelpit the herd, on his bog-reed to croon — 
 Saw ye e'er sic a strong auld man ? 
 
 Gaberlunzie' s Wallet, p. 14. 
 
 Croon, Croonach, s. The act of singing in 
 a soft low voice, a song of sorrow or lamen- 
 tation, a low sweet lullaby ; Gaberlunzie's 
 Wallet, p. 198. Addit. to Croon. 
 
 CROOPAN, s. The throat, Orkn. 
 
 CROOPAN, s. The tail crupper; girth of 
 a horse, Oi'kn. 
 
 CROP, Crope, s. The top. V. Crap. 
 
 CROP, Crup, pret. Crept, did creep. Addit. 
 to Crap. 
 
 The forms crap, crop, crup, are still used as pret. of 
 creep ; so also are the corresponding forms of the part., 
 pt. crappen, croppen, cruppen. 
 
 Croppin, part. pt. Crept, Kingis Quair, 
 St. 182, Skeat's Ed. S. T. S. 
 
 In the DiCT. this word is given as Coppiit, from- 
 Tytler's ed.; but it is a misreading. See Note in 
 Skeat's ed. , p. 92. 
 
 Other forms of this part. pt. are creepin, crappin„ 
 erippin, crep, crip, crap, crop. 
 
 CROPE, V. and s. Croak. V. Croup. 
 
CRO 
 
 [88] 
 
 CRY 
 
 CROSE-GAIRD, Corce-Gairdis, s. The 
 cross-guard, the watch or watchmen at 
 the burgh cross; Burgh Recs. Edin., iv. 
 187, Rec. Soc. 
 
 CROUF, s. A kind of hide, a stout shoe- 
 leather. 
 
 "And thar is aacht for the canage of a last of hydys 
 xij d. of a last of crouf] d." Fragments of Old Laws, 
 ch. 27. 
 
 CROUNE, Croun, Orovne, Crone, s. A 
 crown, a gold coin of which there were 
 various denominations current in Scotland, 
 viz. : — 
 
 1. Scottis Croune, first struck by Robert III., 
 which varied in value at different periods 
 from 12s, to 13s. 4d. ; but it was generally 
 reckoned at 13s. 4d. Accts. L. H. Treas., 
 i. 167. 
 
 2. Franche Croune, which varied in value from 
 12s. 6d. to 15s., but the usual value was 
 14s. This coin was very much used in 
 Scotland ; indeed, it appears to have been 
 the favourite gold coin during the 15th and 
 16th cents. Ibid. i. 64, 167. 
 
 3. Croune of the Sone, i.e., crown of the sun, 
 so called from its mint mark, and often 
 mentioned in old accounts, was reckoned at 
 14s. value, Ibid. i. 302. 
 
 CROVE, Groove, s. A trap for fish, Aberd., 
 Perths., West of S. V. Cruve. 
 
 OROWNAIR, s. Coroner. V. Crown are. 
 
 CRUCHET, CRACHET, s. A little crook 
 or cleek, Barbour, x. 41. Fr. crochet. 
 
 CRUDGEBAK, s. Crookback. In M. Eng. 
 
 crocheback, crouchback. 
 
 A critdgebak tliat cairfuU cative bure. 
 
 Douglas, King Hart, i. 116, ed. 1874. 
 
 CRUIK, s. V. Crook. 
 
 "CRUK, Cruke, Cruik, s. The strong iron 
 hook used in suspending a large pat over 
 a fire ; also, the iron chain with a small 
 hook called a gab attached, used in sus- 
 pending a small pot. Prob. this confusion 
 arose from the frequent use of both cruik 
 and gab for suspending a small pot; Burgh 
 Lawis, ch. 16. Addit. to Crook. 
 
 2. A shepherd's crook or staff. By heuk and 
 cruk, by reaping hook or shepherd's staff, 
 that is, by tilling land or keeping flocks; 
 and these being the primitive modes of earn- 
 ing a living, the phrase in early times 
 would represent 6y this way or that, by one 
 way or other^ by some means. In like man- 
 
 ner, by heuk and cruk would represent by 
 both ways, and then by all ways or means, 
 by any or every way. 
 
 The mair we get by heuk and cruk. 
 We aften grow the greedier. 
 
 Alex. Wihon, Tlie Shark, s. 7. 
 Another meaning of cruk, cruik, is given under 
 Crook and Bands. 
 
 Crukyt, adj. Decrepit. V. Crooked. 
 
 CRULL, s. A confused heap, a complete 
 smash, Orkn. 
 
 CRUMB, Crumbe, s. A curve, bend, crook; 
 hence, in a fish the point where the body 
 bends or curves from the tail, the anal fin. 
 
 "Neither sail it be leasum to him to cutt the sal- 
 mound above the crumbe or any parte therof," etc. 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 17 Feb., 1644. V. Sabnon Tail. 
 
 This is an extract from the famous Glasgow " Law 
 of Salmound Tails " to which appeal was often made 
 during the 17th and early part of the 18th cents. 
 
 Gael, cruime, a bend, curvature ; from, crom, crooked. 
 
 To CRY, V. a. To proclaim, publish, declare ; 
 
 as, " To cry a fair or a roup." Addit. to 
 
 Crt, q. V. 
 To Cry a Fair. To proclaim or give public 
 
 notice regarding the holding of a fair. 
 
 In olden times this was a great and most important 
 proclamation, and was made with all due ceremony on 
 the evening of the day before the fair. To the people 
 of the burgh the proclamation was made by a town- 
 officer standing on the tolbuith stair, or on the steps of 
 the cross : and to the landward or country people it 
 was made by another officer who stood on the public 
 green or common. 
 
 The following extract from the Burgh Records of 
 Glasgow gives a full account of " the crying of a fair." 
 It is dated 6 July, 1590. 
 
 " The peace of the fair wes proclamit be David 
 Coittis, mair of fie, vpoun the Grene, and be James 
 Anderson, town officer, vpoun the tolbuith stair, eftir 
 the forme and teanour vnderwritbiu : — Forsamekle as 
 the sevint day of Julij approcheand is the fair day of 
 the burgh and citie of Glasgow of auld, heirfoir, I, in 
 our Soverane Lordis name, and als in name and behalf 
 of the baillie of the regalitie of Glasgw, and provest and 
 baillies of the same, commandis and chargis and ala in- 
 hibits and forbiddis all our Soverane Lordis lieges that 
 nane of thame tak vpoun hand to molest or trouble ony 
 persone or persouis repairand to the said fair, remane- 
 and thairin, or passand thairfra, for aid feid or new, 
 for auld dett or new, or brek the peace of the said fair 
 be way of tuilzie or trublance, for the space of aucht 
 dayis nixt thairefter, vnder the pane of ten pundis ilk 
 fault vnforgevin." Burgh Recs. Glasgow, i. 154, Rec. 
 Soc. 
 
 To Cry a Roup or Sale. To proclaim or 
 publish it by the bellman or town officer. 
 
 In towns the bellman passed through the streets with 
 his proclamation : but in country districts with scat- 
 tered population he cried a roup or sale at the church 
 door as the people came out. 
 
 O auctioneers he was the wale, 
 And rairly he could cry a sale 
 On Sabbath, when the kirk did scale, 
 And neir did spare. 
 
 Fisher's Poems. 
 
cm 
 
 [89] 
 
 CUL 
 
 Criit, Oriyt, Cryde, Cride, pret. and pnrt. 
 pt. Cried, proclaimed; proclaimed in church. 
 
 " . , . gifBn to ane wif that brocht cheriis to the 
 King and criit on him for siluer, iiij s." Accts. L. H. 
 Treas., I. 348. 
 
 " . . [3 Feb., 1493] . . Johne Keyr, njessin- 
 per, passand with the Kingis lettrez in Galoway and 
 Cai'ryk to ger wapynschawingis be cry/i," etc. Ibid,, 
 i. 319. 
 
 In West of S. this term is pron. cride (i as in pride), 
 and cryde (y as in dyed) : generally cryde, when it ends 
 a phrase or sentence, and cride, wlien it is followed by 
 other words. 
 
 Before the Registration Act came into force, the fee 
 paid to a Session Clerk for proclamation of banns was 
 called C7'yin siller. 
 
 Criour, Crier, s. An inferior officer of a 
 burgh, a town-officer, a sergeand, a beadle. 
 
 " The criotms [seriandis] sal be cbosyn communly be 
 the consent of all the burges, and thai aw to be lele 
 men and of ^ude fame, and thai sal suer fewte to the 
 King and the aldirman and the bailyeis of the toune 
 and to all burges in full court." Buri^h Lawis, ch. 71. 
 
 The crier was, as this extract indicates, au officer of 
 cou't, and an officer of the burgh ; indeed, the name by 
 which he was best known and is still called, a town's 
 officer, includes both duties. He acted as crier at the 
 CDmmoM courts, and passed through the town with bell 
 01' drum to publish notices and proclamations ; on great 
 occasions he led the procession of magistrates and 
 carried a bright polished halberd, and on market days 
 he kept a sharp eye on the weights and measures, and 
 passed round the stalls with the customers when they 
 uplifted their dues or petty customs. He was there- 
 fore a well-known and important person in the burgh 
 of olden times ; but his duties and his honours have 
 been greatly diminished of late by Burgh Improvement 
 Acts. 
 
 CRYKE, Cruik, s. V. Crook. 
 
 CRYSME, 8. Consecrated oil ; also, unction, 
 anointing. Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 14. 
 
 CUBBIE, s. A small cassie or basket, often 
 made of heather ; Orkn. 
 
 CUD, CuDE, s. 1. Cud; chewt their aide, 
 ruminated, reflected, mused, meditated. 
 
 Owre a broad wi' bannocks heapet, 
 Cheese, and stoups, and glasses stood ; 
 
 Some were roaring, ithers sleepit, 
 Ithers quietly chewt their cude. 
 
 Alex. Wilson, Watty and Meg, a, 4. 
 
 2. Stuff to chew, food. 
 
 Thy cud, thy claithis, thy coist, cumis nocht of the. 
 
 Hoidate, 1. 978, Bann. MS. 
 A.-S. cividu, and later cudu, cud, from cedwan, to 
 chew. Gael, citidh, food. 
 
 CUDDIE, s. A ditch or cutting to lead the 
 drainage of a district to a river; also, an 
 overflow connection between a canal and a 
 river. Addit. to Cuddie, q. v. 
 
 Except during the time of flushing or overflow the 
 water in the cuddie is stagnant or nearly so. 
 
 Tlie term is a corr. of O. Fr. conduit, an aqueduct, a 
 canal. V. Cundie. 
 
 (Sup.) 
 
 CUDICHE, CUDDECHT, CODDECHT, COD' 
 DACHEIOH, s. A term synon. with Conveth, 
 q. V. 
 
 This word frequently occurs in rentals of lands in 
 the Highlands and Islands, and signifies a night's 
 victuals or entertainment ; from Gael, cuidh, food, and 
 oidhche, night. 
 
 CUDYOCH, CuDYEOCH, s. V. Cudeigh. 
 
 CULL, CUYL, adj. and v. Cool, North of S. : 
 ouky West of S. V. Cule^ v. 
 
 To CUILYE, V. a. To entice, beguile ; an- 
 other form of CuLYE, q. v. 
 
 0. Fr. guiller, ' ' to cousen, beguile, deceiue ; " Cotgr. 
 
 CUIR, s. Task, office, duty, Court of Venus, 
 Prol. 246; thought, desire, Ibid., i. 421. 
 E. cure. 
 
 To CuiR, V. a. To value, esteem, regard. 
 
 For sic storyis I cuir thame not ane prene. 
 
 Court of Venus, iii, 546, S. T. Soc, 
 
 0. Fr. cure, from Lat. cura, care. 
 
 CUIT, «. The ankle. V. Cute. 
 
 CaiTIKINS, CUTIKINGIS, 8. pi. V. CUTIKINS. 
 
 To CUITER, Cutter, v. a. and n. Same 
 as Cuter, to cocker ; also, to coax, wheedle, 
 caress, fondle, whisper lovingly ; Whistle 
 Binkie, I. 155, II. 66. Addit. to Cuter, 
 Kuter. 
 
 CuiTERER, CuTTERER, 8. A coaxer, whecd- 
 ler, fawner, fair-speaker ; West of S. 
 
 CULD, V. aux. Did, Compl. Scot., p, 63, 
 E. E. T. S. 
 
 This peculiar use of euld arose from confounding the 
 auxiliary gan (=did) with can, and then using culd as 
 its past tense. 
 
 To CULE, V. a. and n. To cool, to become 
 cool. 
 
 "He may cule his cutes a wee," i.e., he must wait a 
 little. 
 
 " Keep your breath to cule your parritch ; " said to 
 one who is angry without cause. 
 Schir Rauf caucht to kule him, and tak mair of the licht 
 He kest vp his veseir, 
 With ane cheualrous cheir. 
 
 Rauf Coilyear, s. 65. 
 
 A.-S. c6l, cool; Dan. hQl, Swed. Icylig, Ger. kuhl. 
 
 Cule, Cuil, Cuyl, adj. and s. Cool, cold, 
 
 become' cool or cold, of sufficient coolness. 
 
 As a s. like E. cool, cold, implying, state, 
 
 condition, etc. 
 
 Are ye no gaun to wauken the day, ye rogue ? 
 Your parritch is ready and cule in the cog. 
 
 W. Miller, Sleepy Wee Laddie, st. 1. 
 
 CULPON, s, A shred. V. Cowpon, Coupon. 
 
 M 
 
CUL 
 
 [60] 
 
 CUN 
 
 CULUM, 8. A tail, fundament. 
 
 The culum of Sanct Bryda cow, 
 The gruBtill of Sanct Antonis sow, 
 Quhil bure his haly bell. 
 
 Lyndsay, Thre Estaitis, 1. 2102. 
 
 Lat. culua, fundament. 
 CULVERIN, CULUERENE, CULVRIN, S. 
 
 Originally a hand gun of a yard long ; after- 
 wards a cannon of the second order, long in 
 proportion to its calibre ; also called a ser- 
 pentine ; Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 122, 181. 
 
 V. CULRING. 
 Fr. couleuvrine, from coleuvre, an adder; Lat. colubra. 
 
 CUM, Com, v. and s. V. Com. 
 
 CUM, CuMB, CooM, Kim, s. A tub, cistern, 
 as, " a niilk-cwm or kirn ;" also, a large ladle 
 for baling a boat ; West and South of S. 
 
 CUMMEN, COOMEN, KiMMEN, s. Lit. a small 
 
 cum or kim, a small or shallow tub, a ladle, 
 
 a skimmer. V. Kimmen. 
 
 Gael, cum, to keep, hold : cuman, a milking pail, a 
 circular wooden dish without a handle ; M'Leod and 
 Dewar. 
 
 CmiBLY, adj. 
 Edin. MS. 
 
 as, " a cungly shore ; " Ayrs., Orkn. V. 
 Chinglie. " 
 
 A tester, taster. 
 
 Comely, Barbour, xi., 132, 
 
 CUMFETHIS, s. pi. A corr. of Confects, 
 sweetmeats, q. v. It represents a pron. 
 which is still common. 
 
 CUMMERIT, Cummyrit, Cumrait, Cum- 
 RAYIT, pret. and part. pt. Cumbered, en- 
 cumbered, harassed, overwhehned ; Barbour, 
 xi. 198, xiv. 298, xiii. 127, xiv. 550, xvii. 
 123. 
 
 CUMRAW, Cumrow, s. A comrade, com- 
 panion, neighbour. 
 
 " . . , for keiping gud nychtburcheid to thair 
 
 cumrowis, " etc. Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 24 Apr, , 1572. 
 
 Thi3 form may be only the local pron. of E. comrade. 
 
 To CUMSEIL, Comseil, v. a. To line the 
 roof and walls of a room with wood, to 
 ceiling and wainscot, to lath and plaster ; 
 Old Church Life in Scotland, p. 38. V. 
 Coom-Ceil'd. 
 
 This may be a compound of con, altogether, and 
 M. E. syle, to ceil, to cover with boards, line, etc., and 
 used to imply the lining of a room with wood or with 
 lath and plaster : but more prob. it is coom-ceil with 
 extended meaning adapted to modem usage. In most 
 cases the lining is laid or fitted on cooms or frames. 
 
 CUNGLES, s. pi. Coarse gravel, roundish 
 water - worn stones ; E. shingles. V. 
 Chingle. 
 
 CuNGLT, adj. Gravelly; covered with 
 shingles or roundish water-worn stones ; 
 
 CUNNAR, CoxNAR, s. 
 V. CuN. 
 
 "Item, at thai put nocht furth thair ail wande to 
 certify the cunnaris of the ayl as thai solde. Item, 
 at thai sell ail nocht the cunnar beand pre>ent, na yit 
 cunnand efteihend." Chalmerlan Air, ch. 39. 
 
 In the Record edition of Acts of Parliament and in 
 the Ancient Laws and Customs of Scotland issued by 
 the Burgh Record Society, these words are given as 
 tunnarvs, titnnar, tunnand, the transcriber having pro- 
 bably misread c as t. Cf. E. ale-conner. 
 
 The following extracts explain the use of the ale- 
 wand, and how the ale was cunned. 
 
 " And ilke broustare sal put hir alewande ututh hir 
 house at hir wyndow or abune hir dur that it may be 
 seaViill communlj' til al men, the qubilk gif scbo dois 
 nocht scho sal pay for hir defalt iiij d. " Burgh Lawis, 
 ch. 63. 
 
 "... the bailyeis sail pass throu the towne with 
 tbair officeris and cunnaris and cwnd aud vese the aill, 
 and mak the price how the aill salbe sauld fowr tymes 
 in the yeir," etc. Burgh Recs. Piestwick, 8 Kov., 
 1571. 
 
 Then the cunnar, having valued the ale, and declared 
 it in the presence of the bailies and their officers, did 
 "calk apoun a dur alsmony scoris with calk as the 
 galoun salbe salde of the saide aile." Ibid., p. 17. 
 
 In those days ale was an important article of food, 
 and it was necessary to protect it from the ' tricks of 
 trade ' as well as the greed of the seller ; hence the 
 following law, which held good in every burgh. 
 
 " And scho [i.e., the broustare] sail mak gud ale and 
 approbabill as the tym askis. And gif scho makis ivil 
 ale and dois agane the custume of the toune and be 
 convykkyt of it, scho sail gif til hir mercyment viii s. 
 or than thole the lauch of the toune, that is to say be 
 put on the kukstule, and the ale sail be geyffin to the 
 pure folk the tua part, and the thryd part send to the 
 brethyr of the hospitale. And rycht sic dome sal be 
 done of meide as of ale." Burgh Lawis, ch. 63. 
 
 CUNNING, s. A rabbit. V. Cuning. 
 
 CUNTRE, Countre, s. Encounter, attack ; 
 Douglas, Virgil, vii. ch. 9, Edin. MS. 
 V. Countyr. 
 
 CUNYE, CuNYEE, CuNTiE, 8. Coinage. 
 
 Used also as an adj.i as, " the cunyee siluir 
 of the pennyis." Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 
 312. Addit. to CuiNYiE. 
 
 CuNYEiNG, part, as a s. Coining ; as, " in 
 the cunyeing of fifty tua Trois pundis and 
 ane halue vnce of brokin siluer vesschell," 
 etc. Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 168. 
 
 CuNYEiT, pret. and part. pt. Coined ; Ibid., 
 i. 313. 
 
 CuNYER, CuNYEOUR, CuNYiER, s. A coiner; 
 
 fals cunyer^ a false coiner, a maker of base 
 
 money. "V. Cunyie-House. 
 
 " Item, for twa horss to carry the^Zs cunyers to the 
 gallows, and hame bringing of their legs and heids. and 
 eirding of thair bodeyis, xxij s." Accts. Burgh of 
 Edinburgh, 1553-4. 
 
CUI* 
 
 [91] 
 
 CYT 
 
 ". . • aud the said siluer to bo brocui Lu,.uo ad 
 said to be diliuerit to the maister cunyeour," [i.e., mas- 
 ter of the miut] etc. Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, 1554, 
 II. 204. 
 
 C UP, s. A term in golfing applied to a small 
 cavity or hole in the course, prob. made by 
 the stroke of a previous player. 
 
 To Cup, u. a. In golfing it means to mark 
 or break the ground with the club when 
 striking the ball ; also, to strike the ground 
 with the club when driving a ball. 
 
 CUPPIL, CUPPLE, s. A stone of butter and 
 a stone of skimmed milk cheese sold to- 
 gether. 
 
 "In 1737 a Lochunyoch farmer sold 14 cuppil of 
 butter aud cheese for £53 : 4 : Scots." Notes on 
 Lochwiunoch by Dr. Crawford. 
 
 CUEAS, CuRACE, s. A cuirass; Douglas, 
 Virgil. Fv. cuirasse. 
 
 CURAT, s. A curator, preceptor. 
 
 ' ' Henry of Culan ... of lauchf ul aige, out of 
 tutoury and has ehosine til his curatis to gowerue him." 
 Burgh Recs. Aberd., 12 .July, 1463. 
 
 CURBULYE, s. Lit. boiled leather: jack 
 or jacked leather, leather that has been 
 thickened and hardened in the dressing ; 
 Douglas, Virgil, v. ch. • 7, Edin. MS. In 
 Ruddiman's ed. cofhulye, q. v. 
 
 CUROHE, CuROHEY, 5. A woman's cap. 
 
 V. COURCHE, Corsay. 
 
 PI. curchis occurs in Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, i. 309, 
 Sp. C, but is misprinted curclus. Unfortunately there 
 are very many such mistakes in this most interesting 
 series of Burgh Records. 
 
 CURE, V. and s. Cover. V. Cour. 
 
 CuRER, s. Errat. in DiCT. for Care. V. 
 under Cour, s. 
 
 CURFOYR, s. Curfew. V. Courfyre. 
 
 CURIALL, adj. Of or belonging to a court, 
 hall, or seat of judgment ; Court of Venus, 
 i. 793, S. T. Soc. Fr. curial, id., from Lat. 
 curia. 
 
 CURROR, CURROUR, CURROURE, 5. A 
 
 courier, messenger ; Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 
 267, 45, 52. 
 
 0. Fr. courier, coureur, a runner; from 0. Fr. courre, 
 from Lat. currere, to run. 
 
 CURTICIAN, s. A courtier. V. Courtician. 
 
 CUSSIT, s. A small chest or box, Orkn. 
 Prob. a variation of chesset, Lowlands, 
 
 CUSTUMABILLY, adv. Customarily, Bar- 
 bour, XV. 236. 
 
 CUSTUMAR, s. A collector of customs, 
 Chalmerlan Air, ch. i. V. Custume. 
 
 CUTTIT, pa?'^. adj. A cuttit hors, a gelding ; 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 381. 
 
 CUTTOCH, CuTTACH, s. A young cow of 
 between one and two years ; between a stirk 
 and a quey. V. Cuddooh. 
 
 The kye's gane to the blrken wud 
 
 The cuttochs to the brume, 
 The sheep's gane to the high hills, 
 
 Thay's no be hame till nune. 
 
 Old Ballad. 
 
 Gael, cutach, short ; alluding to the homa of the 
 animal at that age. 
 
 CUVIE, s. The fleshy part of a horse's tail, 
 Orkn. 
 
 CuviE, CuFiE, CoLTiE, s. An iron ring 
 used for passing down over fishing-lines so 
 as to save the sinker, etc., when the hooks 
 get entangled on the bottom, Orkn. 
 
 CWNNAR, s. A taster. V. Cunnar. 
 
 CYRE, s. Leather, Barbour, xii. 22, Edin. 
 
 MS. Fr. cuir. 
 
 Jamieson's ed. reads tyre; but it is simply a misread- 
 ing of eyre in the Edin. MS. The Camb. MS. has 
 qwyrboUe, a corr. of cuir bouilli, jacked leather. V. 
 Skeat's Barbour, p. 582. 
 
 CYTE, Cytte, Kyte, s. A kite : a bird of 
 the hawk family ; also called bald kite, 
 Houlate, 1. 640. V. Beld Cyitis, 
 
D 
 
 [92] 
 
 DAM 
 
 D. 
 
 D, 'D. An abbreviation for it after a verb ; 
 as, seed, see it ; telTd, tell it. 
 
 The first form is combined with the verb, and is 
 often found in songs and ballads : as in " I sail not 
 said agane, " which forms the refrain of Alex. Scott's 
 ballad on Wantoiin ^^'emen. 
 
 This abbrev. for if, is found in the earliest stages of 
 the Northumbrian dialect, as in Hampole and Barbour ; 
 and it is still in common use on both sides of the 
 Tweed. 
 
 DACKER, adj. Hesitating^ uncertain, un- 
 decided : applied to a person wlio can't 
 make up his mind, and to the weather 
 when unsettled; Lanarks., Renfrews. 
 
 DACRE, s. A decade. V. Daiker. 
 
 To DADE, V. a. To lead a young child ; to 
 
 guide or teach it to walk. Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 Jamieson's explanation is wholly wrong, and so is the 
 etymology. He does not even show that the word is 
 Scottish. To dade is to support a child in leading- 
 strings, and to teach him to walk ; Cf. Dodd and 
 Doddle. Halliwell has '^ dade, to lead children 
 beginning to walk," But Drayton uses it as if with 
 reference to a child, in the sense "to toddle." Thus 
 tlie child is "no sooner brought to toddle about, but 
 it at once trips away from its mother ; " and again, 
 " as Isis gently advances." See Deedle and Doodle in 
 Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 DADGEON-WABSTER, s. A customer- 
 weaver, a weaver of linen or woollen stuffs 
 for country neighbours, West of S. 
 
 DAFT, adj. Originally mild, gentle, inno- 
 cent; lience weak, weak-minded, silly ; ^.nd 
 in this sense it was, and still is, well known 
 in village life. Addit. to DiCT. 
 
 Jamieson's long note rn the etym is mostly wrong. 
 In M. E. daft and deft were synon. They were 
 "formed from the base dnf, to fit, appearing in A.-S. 
 r/edafen, fit." V. Deft in Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 In RoUand's Court of Venus, prol. 1. 74, S. T. S. e<l., 
 daft occurs with the meaning, weak, purposeless : — 
 And he that hes of Watter the natoure. 
 Is daft, and doyld, drasie with small eflfect. 
 
 DAG, Dagg, Deg, 8. A gun, hand-gun, 
 pistol. 
 
 Dag-Head, Deg-Hhad, Dog-Head, s. The 
 hammer, snap, or dog-head of a gun or 
 pistol. V. Dog-Head. 
 
 Dagman, Dagmen, s. Same as Dag-Head; 
 Sempill Ballates, p. 334. 
 
 DAILY-DAY, adv. Every day, continually, 
 constantly ; prob. a corr. of dai/-l/i/'d(ii/. 
 
 DAINE, adj. Lit. worthy ; hence, modest, 
 &c. Same as Dane, q. v. 
 
 Under dane Jamieson accepts the etym. which under 
 daine he rejects. They are forms of the same word. 
 O. Fr. dain, from Lat. dignvs, worthy. 
 
 DAINTY, adj. Large, plump, &c. 
 
 The following note is a corr. of the etym. V. DiCT. 
 
 "The suffix in M.E. dainteth or deinteth has nothing 
 to do with tide, time. It is due to the 0. Fr. daintet, 
 older form of daintee ; and daintet is simply the Lat. 
 ace. dignitatem ; just as we have O. Fr. charitet, love, 
 fiom caritatem, &c., so also M. E. bountith, 0. Fr. 
 bontet, M. E. bounty.'^ Skeat. 
 
 DAIYERT, adj. V. Davert. 
 
 Daivertly, Daivektlike, adv. Same as 
 Daivilie, q. V. 
 
 DALINES, s. Prob. a misprint of dalmes, 
 
 damask : " velvott, dalines, feytyng clayth," 
 
 Burgh Recs. Edin., 2 April, 1516, Recs. 
 
 Soc. 
 
 Prob. feytyng is a mistake for seytyng, satin. It 
 occurs also in p. 153 of same vol. 
 
 DALING, s. A doling out or dividing. V. 
 Daill. 
 
 ". . . and viij s. and the daling of thair aill for 
 the secund fault." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 210. 
 
 DAMAS, Damysk, s. V. Dammes. 
 
 DAMIE, 8. Poet, for dame, lady, lass; 
 
 Burns, Ep. to Dr. Blacklock, st. 5. 
 
 In this case Burns applied the term damies to the 
 fabled nymphs of Castalia. 
 
 DAMNATOUR, 8. Adjudgment, judgment 
 or finding against one, condemnation; sen- 
 tence of guilty. Fr. damnatoire. 
 
 " Anent the sclanderous wordis spokin be Jane Foir- 
 sirle . . and conform to ane decreit and damnatour 
 gewii) thairvpoun of the foirsaid sclanderous wordis." 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 25 July, 1584, Rec. Soc. 
 
 To Damnifie, Dampnife, v. a. To damage, 
 injure, spoil : part. pa. dampnifeit, damni- 
 Jiit, dainnefeit, d-dmagedf hindered, impover- 
 ished; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 1 April, 
 1606. Lat. damnijicare. V. Dampne, 
 Dampnis. 
 
 ". . . quhairby we sould be hinderit and r/am^^- 
 nifeit in our proffit," &c. Early Records of Mining m 
 Scotland, p. 57, Cochran Patrick. 
 
 DAMS, Plum-Dams, Damsels, .s. pi. Popu- 
 lar names for damsons, small black plums ; 
 oriiilnallv called Damascene Plums. 
 
DAN 
 
 93] 
 
 DAS 
 
 Prunes and preserved jjlums were also called plum- 
 dams, and the term is frequently found in Household 
 Accts. with those meanings. 
 
 DANDIE, Dandy, s. Originally, a weak, 
 light-headed person: ''a noodie, a ninnie;" 
 Cotgr. Hence the other meanings which 
 are secondary. O. Fr. dandin. Addit. to 
 
 DiCT. 
 
 To DANGLE, Dannle, Dengle, Dennle, 
 Dingle, Dinnle, Dungle, Dunnle, v. 
 
 a. and n. To swing, vibrate, shake, quiver; 
 to throb, beat, tingle, pringle^ tlirill, smart, 
 shoot or quiver with pain. Addit. to 
 Danyel, Dinle. 
 
 Dangle and dungle (generally pron. dannle, dunnle), 
 imply powerful or wide-spread motion or sensation : 
 dengle, and dingle (pron. dennle, dinnle), are used like 
 their diminutives, and limit the motion or sensation in 
 kind, intensity, and locality. Regarding the etym. of 
 the terms see under Danyel. 
 
 Danledoosir, Dinledousie, s. v. Dinglk- 
 
 dousie. 
 
 DANNERS, Dauners, s. pi. V. Danders. 
 
 DANSKIN, Danskene, Danskeine. s. 
 
 Dantzic. Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 This word has been explained by Jamieson and 
 others as a name of Denmark ; hut this is found to be 
 a mistake. V. Gloss., Accts. L. H, Treas., I., Dickson. 
 
 D.VNT, Dante. Dantee, Dainte, Daintie, 
 Dent, Dentie, s. Dainty, pleasure, joy, 
 respect, regard, affection, honour. Addit. 
 to Dant. V. Dent. 
 
 These are simply varieties of M. E. deinte, deintee, 
 from 0. Fr. daintie, which Cotgr. connects with an 
 older form dain, the original form of Fr. digne, from 
 Lat. dignus. 
 
 Dant was left undeBn'^d by Janiie«on ; but in his 
 note he suggests the correct meaning. The term is 
 often used in Barbour, and with various meanings. V. 
 Skeat's Gloss. 
 
 DANTIT, Dauntet, pret., part., and adj. 
 Subdued, cowed, crushed, heartless; Whistle 
 Binkie, ii. 30. V. Dant. 
 
 DAPLAR, .«. A dish, platter. V. Doubler. 
 
 To DARE, Der, Deir, Dere, v. a. To be 
 bold enough, as, "We dare be poor," Burns; 
 to risk, venture; to cliallenge, defy, forbid, 
 as, " He dar'd or der'd him to do't ; " to keep 
 under, abash, intimidate, cow, terrify, as, 
 " Death dat'es or deres us a'." Pret. dart, 
 daurt, deirit, deirt, dert. 
 
 To Dare, Deir, Dere, v. n. To shy, shrink, 
 fear, or be afraid, quake, tremble, start, 
 startle ; as, " He'll dare or dere at his ain 
 shadow ; " also, crouch, hide, lie hid : part, 
 pt. dartt deirt, dert. Addit. to Dare. 
 
 By Irythis and Jellis, 
 That the dere dwellys, 
 And darkys and darys. 
 
 Awntyrs of Arthur, st. 4. 
 " Darkys and darys," lurks and lies hid. 
 Jamieson left this term undefined, but referred the 
 reader to his explanation of Durken. No assist- 
 ance, however, can be got there, for his rendering of 
 both words is wrong. Dare as here used is to lie 
 hid, and is prob. allied to E. daze and doze. 
 
 M. E. daren means also to be dazed, to lurk, and is 
 sometimes a mere duplicate of darke. Stratmann gives 
 various examples, and Lat. latere as the most common 
 meaning : see his O. E. Diet. 
 
 Dart, Daurt, Dert, part, and adj. Fright- 
 ened, terrified, cowed : hence, crushed, 
 heartless, dull ; or shrinking, trembling, 
 starting or easily stupified. 
 
 His dart oxin I compt thame not ane fle : 
 Yone wer mair meit for sic ane man as me. 
 
 Jlenryson, Foxe that begylit the Wolf, 1. 172. 
 
 DARK, Darke, s. and v. V. Darg. 
 
 To DARK, Derk, Dirk, Durk, Darken, 
 Derken, Dirken, Durken, v. a. and n. 
 To make, grow, or keep dark ; as, " Come 
 hame when it darks," i.e., grows dark ; also, 
 to hide, conceal, lurk, lie hid ; part. pt. 
 dirkit, Dunbar, Bann. Poems, p. 22 ; dirhiyt, 
 Douglas, Virgil, iii. ch. 8. V. Dirkin, 
 Darken. 
 
 By frythis and fellis, 
 That the dere dwellys. 
 And darkys and dary.";. 
 
 Awntyrs of Arthur, st. 4. 
 "Darkys and darys," lurks and lies hid. V. Dare. 
 Derkin in a den, and dirkit in a den, are expressions 
 still used by boys while playing at those games in which 
 hiding-places or dens are used ; and by derkin they 
 mean hiding, lurking, lying concealed. The running 
 to, and running into the den is derning ; but the lying 
 hid there during the search is deiking or dirking. 
 
 This meaning of dark is very old. In William and 
 the Werwolf it occurs repeatedly, as in 11. 17, 44, 1834, 
 2543, 2851. 
 
 DARLOCH, s. A quiver. Y. Dorlach. 
 
 This form represents a common lowland pron. of 
 Gael, dorlach, a sheaf, case, or quiver of arrows, and is 
 used in the account of the Conflict in Glenfruin given 
 in Pitcairn's Criminal Trials, II. 432. 
 
 To DARREN, v. a. To contest, fight out, 
 decide by combat: a form of Dereyne, 
 q. V, Errat. in DiOT. 
 
 As a further correction of this error the following 
 note is appended : — 
 
 "Explanation wrong; it is simply Chaucer's verb 
 darreyne, to fight out. See Morris's Glossary to the 
 Kiii^tu's Tale. The word is daryne in Small's edition, 
 and is there wrongly explained ; besides which, stryfe 
 is misprinted strive. The line means 'to fight out the 
 strife with huge club or mace.' The rejected French 
 etymology is the right one." Skeat. 
 
 To DASCAN, V. n. To enlarge, discourse, 
 comment; hence, reason, ponder. E. descant. 
 Addit. to DiCT. 
 
bAS 
 
 [94] 
 
 DEI 
 
 Janiiesoa's defiuitioix of this term is defective, aud 
 his etymology is wrong. As Prof. Skeat has pointed 
 out, the word is just E. descant, of which Das Kane, 
 given farther on, is another form. There, however, 
 Jamieson is right. 
 
 DASS, 5. A stack. Not explained in Dict. 
 
 The three entries of Dass in Dict. ought to form only 
 one ; for they deal with the same term under different 
 applications. 
 
 ' ' Dass, is North E. dess, a stack, from Icel. des, a 
 stack ; whence Icel. hey-des, a hay-stack, misspelt 
 hendys in note to Dass, just above. The quotation is 
 wrongly punctuated ; the semi-colon after "just out" 
 should be a comma, and the comma after " braes " 
 should be a semi-colon." Skeat. 
 
 DAUCHIE, adj. V. Dauky, Dagh. 
 
 DAUD, Dawd, v. and s, V. Dad. 
 
 Daudin', Dawdin', part.^ adj.y and .<. 
 
 Striking, beating, battering. 
 
 The hail comes rattlin and brattlin snell an' keen, 
 Daudvi an' blaudin', the' reil set the sun at e'en. 
 
 IK. Miller, Spring, st. 2. 
 
 DAUMERT, adj. Stupid, stupified, stunned. 
 V. Dammertit. 
 
 To DAUNER, Daunner, Daunder, v. V. 
 Dander. 
 
 To DAUR, V. a. V. Dare. 
 
 DAVE, s. Short for David. 
 
 DAVELIN, 8. Errat. for Bevalin, or Be- 
 valing, q. v. The definition is correct. 
 
 To DAVER, V. a. and n. V. Daiver, 
 Dauer. 
 
 Daviely, adv. Languidly. V. Daivilie. 
 
 DAWNT, Dawntyt. V. Dant. 
 
 DAY OF TREVV. A diet or meeting to 
 treat of a truce : pi. trewes, now E. truce. 
 
 " . . . with lettres to diuers personis on the 
 Bordouria, for the day of treio to be haldin eftir the 
 diete of Anwic. " Accts. L. H. Treas., 4 Oct., 1473, I. 
 45, Dickson. 
 
 This use of the term day was common in the border 
 districts of Scot., and was extended to a meeting for 
 settlement of disputes between parties living on 
 opposite sides of tbe Tweed. It is so used in the open- 
 ing of the Song of the Rid Square. 
 
 The seventh of July, the suith to say. 
 At the Rid Square the tryst was sett ; 
 Our wardens they aflBxt a day, 
 And as they promised so they raett. 
 
 DEAD, adj. 1. A term used in golfing: 
 applied to a ball — 1st, when it falls without 
 rolling; 2nd, when it lies so near the hole 
 that the " put " is a dead certainty. 
 
 2. A term used In quoiting, bowling, and simi- 
 lar games: applied to the qnoits, bowls, &c., 
 of opponents which lie equidistant from the 
 tee : so called because they are lost to both 
 sides, and don't count. V. under Dcid. 
 
 DEASK, Deasit, adj. Besotted, Orkn. : 
 prob. local for dased, dasit. V. Dase. 
 
 To DEBAUSCH, Debosh, Debush, v. a. and 
 n. These are merely variants of tlie same 
 word, and mean to mar, spoil, waste in any 
 way. O. Fr. desbaucher. 
 
 DEBLAT, DiBLET, s. Lit. a little devil ; a 
 young devil, an imp. ; pi. deblatis, imps. 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 68, 239, Dickson. 
 
 A dehlat and satyrs, personated by boys dressed in 
 character, "appear to have formed a conspicuous 
 feature in the fantastic retinue of the St. Nicholas 
 bishop." Gloss, to Treas. Accts. 
 
 O. Fr . diableteau, "a little diuell, a yong diuell ; " 
 Cotgr. 
 
 DEBTFULLY, Detfully, adv. Dvdy, as 
 in duty bound, thankfully. V. Debtfull. 
 
 To DECERNE, Descerx, v. n. To sit or 
 
 act as judge in a contest or dispute, to 
 adjudicate in. Addil. to Decern, q. v. 
 
 Glaydly I wald his fader stude heyrby, 
 This interprys to deceme and aspy. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, x. ch. 8, Small's ed. 
 This word is omitted in the Gloss, of this ed. 
 Ruddiman's ed. reads derne, prob. for derene, to de- 
 clare the right, act as umpire : 0. Fr, deresnier, 
 Burguy. 
 
 decerner, to determine, adjudicate 
 
 O. Fr. 
 decemere. 
 
 Lat. 
 
 To DEE, De. Of the many strange expres- 
 sions used to indicate the occasion, the mode, 
 and the effect of one's death, the following 
 are some of the more striking : — 
 
 1. To Dee a Cadger-poicnie s deaths to die of 
 starvation and neglect ; Burns' Epistle to 
 Lapraik, st. 7. 
 
 2. To Dee the death o' Jenkins^ hen, to die 
 unmarried : Jenkins had only one hen. V. 
 Jenkins' Hen. 
 
 3. To Dee in one's shoon, to die on the 
 
 gallows, to be hanged ; Whistle Binkie, 
 
 I. 205. 
 
 It has been banded down by tradition that Charlie 
 Graham, a noted tinker, knocked off his shoes on the 
 gallows that no one might be able to say "he died wi' 
 his shoon on." He was executed at Perth in the 
 beginning of this century. A. L. 
 
 4. To Dee a fair strae-death, to die in one's 
 bed ; Burns, Death and Dr. Hornbook. 
 V. Strae Death. 
 
 Deid, Dede, 8. 1. Misfortune, disaster, misery, 
 affliction. * Addit. to Deid and Dede. 
 
 Off thy deid, quod the Palp, pitie I ha we. 
 
 Hmdate, 1. 118. 
 This term is applied colloq. aud poet, to any grave 
 trouble, disease, disaster, or misery of a deadly 
 character. 
 
DEI 
 
 [06] 
 
 DEM 
 
 2, PI. deids, lost ones, ones that don't count : p. 
 term in quoiting, bowling, and similar games 
 of skill, applied to the quoits, bowls, &c., of 
 opponents which lie equidistant from the 
 tee. 
 
 "It's deids," i.e., it is a case of deids or nothing for 
 either side, is called out by the leading players when 
 two opposing quoits, bowls, &c., are found to be equi- 
 <listant from the tee. 
 
 Drid-Kist, Dede-Kist, s. A coffin. 
 
 " An old maiden lady died at Barr Castle while on a 
 visit to the family. The bedroom that she had occupied 
 was in one of the turrets, the ascent to which was by a 
 narrow, dark, winding stair. The minister took an 
 early opportunity of calling at Barr to condole with the 
 family ; and when near the gateway he met the laird 
 apparently in deep sorrow, and at once began to ad- 
 minister consolation. Having listened for a short time, 
 the laird somewhat abruptly said : — " Man, what's a' 
 this lang palaver for? I ken w^eel eneuch she's dead, 
 and kent she was deein. It's no that I care for ; its no 
 that ava ; but how are we to get up wi' the deid-kist, 
 or (loan wi' the corp ? Can ye tell me that ? ' " Laird 
 of Logan, Gloss. 
 
 Deid and Weir. The aventure of deid 
 and weir, the risk or hazard of death and 
 war. 
 
 This condition was frequently attached to agree- 
 ments of purchase or sale of public property, &c. 
 
 "The gaitt dichting and dewteis thairof is sett this 
 yeir in tocum with the aventure of deid and loeir to 
 Alexander Pennecuik for the so wm of xx li." Burgh 
 Recs. Edin., 2 Aug., 1527, Rec. Soc. 
 
 To DEEDLE, v. a. and n. Lit. a frequent, 
 of dade, to train an infant : hence its 
 apparently different meanings to dandle, to 
 sing, &c. Doodle is another form. V. 
 Dade. 
 
 Frequently in amusing her charge a nurse may be 
 heard using the variants deedle, dadle, doodle, either 
 in combination or separately. And a meaningless 
 lilt, rhyme, or song, run over in nui'se fashion, is called 
 a deedi'e-doodle : so also is a badly played tune on a 
 flute, violin, or other instrument. 
 
 Jamiesoh's etym. of this term is wrong. 
 
 To DEFADE, v. a. To cause to fade, to 
 weaken, despirit ; Kingis Quhair, st. 1 70 : 
 part. pt. defadide, Morte Arthure, 1. 3305. 
 
 Fr. de-, prefix, with causal sense ;/ade, "unsavoury, 
 tastelesse, weak ; " Cotgr. 
 
 To DEFALK, v. a. To deduct, remit; 
 part. pt. defalkit ; Burgh Recs. Edin., 20 
 Feb., 1524-5. V. Defaik. 
 
 DEFALT, Defaut, s. Failure; but gener- 
 ally implying neglect, carelessness, slovenli- 
 ness, wi'ong-doing. 
 
 " Item, I wanttyt out of my hous in her defalt and 
 sleutht, ane plaid of ix. elln, the price xxiiij. s." 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 175. 
 
 Defawtyt, part pt. Defaulted; found 
 
 in default i.e. culpable ; Barbour, i. 182. 
 
 Addit. to DiCT. 
 
 Pinkerton's meaning is wrong, and Jamieson's note 
 is not quite clear. There is no difficulty, however, 
 regarding the term. 
 
 DEFEIS, s. A discharge, acquittance, Accts. 
 L. H. Treas., L 166. Short for Defais- 
 ANCE, q. V. 
 
 DEID, s. Deed, act, action, mode of action ; 
 Barbour, i. 302, v. 278, xvi. 323. 
 
 To DEILL, Dele, Dail, v. a. and n. To 
 
 deal blows, strike, beat, hammer; Barbour, 
 iii. 32 ; to have to do, bargain, buy or sell, 
 as, "I'll no dele wi' you." Addit. to Dele, 
 Dail. 
 
 To DEIR, V. a. To make dear, make dearer, 
 to raise the price of. 
 
 " , . . that na neichtbour tak in hand to by the 
 saidis victualis or tymmer to regrait and deir agane 
 upoun the nychtbouris." Burgh Recs. Edin., 7 Oct., 
 1462, Rec. Soc. 
 
 A.-S. dedre, precious, high in price. 
 
 DELF, s. A peat-hag, a quarry ; pi. delvis ; 
 Fife, West of S. Addit. to Delf. 
 
 This term with the meaning a quarry was common 
 in M. E. ; " delves or quarries " occurs in Wycliflfe's 
 version of the Bible, 2 Chron. 34. 
 
 DELIGATE,Deligat, Diligat, Dill a gat, 
 
 adj. Corr. of delicate, delicious, dainty, 
 select, selected, first-rate, splendid ; Sem- 
 pill Ballates, p. 227. DiCT. gives the form 
 Dillagate, q. v. 
 
 DELITABILL, Deletabill, Delict abill, 
 adj. Delightful, pleasant, pleasing ; Bar- 
 bour, i. 1. O. Fr. delitable. 
 
 DELIUERANCE, Deleverance, s. 1. A 
 legal decision, judgment; Accts. L. H. 
 Treas., I. 106, 270. 
 
 2. Payment: p\. deliueransis. 
 
 ". . as is contenit in the buke of the Comptaris 
 deliueransis to the Masteris of Werk." Ibid., I. 74, 
 Dickson. Addit. to Deliverance. 
 
 To DELLUT, v. a. To screen, hide, protect. 
 V. Dill. 
 
 " . . . to set wechis baith within the toyne and 
 without, to dellut thame fra thair ennemyes." Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, I. 114. 
 
 Cf. Icel, dylja, Swed. doeJja, to hide. 
 
 To DEMBLE, Dimble, v. a. To dip, im- 
 merse ; also, to set or root young plants : 
 Aberd., Orkn. ; like dimple and dibble, q. v. 
 
 To DEME, V. a. To deem, judge, adjudge, 
 doom, condemn ; Barbour, i. 213, iv. 328 ; 
 part. pt. demyt, demt, dempt; imper. demysj 
 
DEM 
 
 [98] 
 
 DEV 
 
 judge ye ; Ibid., vi. 283 ; but later form is 
 dem, q. v. 
 A.-S. d4man, to judge. 
 
 To DEMERIT, Demarit, v. a. To merit, 
 
 deserve. 
 
 " . . . vndir pane that thai sail demarit as brekaris 
 of commoune ordinance." Burgh Eecs. Aberdeen, I. 20. 
 
 DEMPT, pret. and part. pt. V. Deme. 
 
 DEMPTION, s. A great quantity ; as, « a 
 demption of rain," Orkn. 
 
 DENNLE, V. and s. V. Dangle. 
 
 DENS, Denss, adj. Addit. to Dence, q. v. 
 
 To DEPAS, v. n. To depart, leave; to cause 
 to depart. 
 
 " . . the sojarris . . to depas incontinent of 
 the tonne." Burgh Kecs Peebles, 5 Ma^-, 1559, Rec. 
 Soc. 
 
 To DEPEND, V. n. To await consideration, 
 to be entered on the roll : a law term. 
 
 Dependance, s. Waiting, the state or posi- 
 tion of waiting to be brought forward : a 
 law term applied to a case when entered on 
 the court-roll. 
 
 •'. . . that anes the actioune may be put under 
 dependance befoir onie parliament." Burgh Bees. 
 Aberdeen, Dec. 4, 1605. 
 
 Dependare, s. a dependant, retainer; pi. 
 
 dependaris. 
 
 " . . . the said Captane James, nor nane of his 
 servandis and dependaria, nor na vtheris quhome he 
 may stope or lat." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, Feb. 3, 
 1604. 
 
 To DEPREHEND, v. a. To apprehend, 
 seize, capture ; Knox, Hist. Ref. Scot., I. 
 261. 
 
 DEPUT, part. pt. Deputed, set apart ; , 
 ''orJanit and deprit for the samyn," Burgh 
 Recs. Edin., 28 March, 1525, Rec. Soc. 
 
 To DERE, Deir, Deyr, v. a. V. Dare. 
 
 Derit, Deirt, Dert, part. adj. V. Dare. 
 
 DERIGE, DiRiGE, Dyrige, s. That part of 
 the Office for the Dead beginning ''Dirige 
 Domine," &c.: also frequently used as name 
 of this office; Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 178, 
 229, 200. Addit. to Dergy. V. under 
 Obit. 
 
 To DERNE, V. a. Prob. a contr. form of 
 derene, lit. to declare the right, act as um- 
 j)ire in a contest or dispute. O. Fr. derainer, 
 deresnier, id. Addit. to Derne, q. v. 
 
 Jamieson left this word undefined, but suggested a 
 meaning which is unsuitable. Explanation is given 
 under Decerne, q. v. 
 
 DERT, part, and adj. V. under Dare. 
 
 Jamieson's suggestion regarding the meaning of 
 this term is certainly wrong. The rendering now pro- 
 posed is at least probable, and agrees with the particu- 
 lars of the situation implied, v. Aspert. 
 
 DERTHING, s. Dearth, scarcity : also, 
 hoarding up victuals in order to raise the 
 price ; Burgh Recs. 
 
 To DERUB, Derob, v. a. Lit. to disrobe, 
 to strip, rob, cheat : part, pa., deruhit. 
 
 "For quhat can ony man say gif I be derubit of my 
 rycht, sustening the grit lose and skayth that I haif 
 gottin, bot it war his Majesties dishonour." Early 
 Records of Mining in Scotland, p. 67. 
 
 Fr. deroher, to strip, rob, steal : from Lat. dis, away, 
 and robe, q. v. in Brachet's Etym. Diet. 
 
 DESALY, adv. Dizzily, Barbour, vi. 629. 
 A.-S. dysig, foolish; 0. Du. duyzigh, dizzy. 
 
 To DESOROy, V. a. Put for Descrive, 
 to describe. Barbour, xiii. 185, Edin. MS. 
 
 DESOLAT, adj. Destitute, utterly in want, 
 " desolat of prouisioun," destitute of food, 
 Burgh Recs. Peebles, 15 Aug. 1608, Rec. 
 Soc. 
 
 DESSPOSIT, part. pt. Bound by agree- 
 ment, covenanted; same as esposit, q. v. 
 
 " . . . present dayly the alter quhen he is dess- 
 posit as efiferis." Burgh Recs. Peebles, 15 Feb., 1476, 
 Rec. Soc. 
 
 DESTANE, s. Destiny, Barbour, v. 428. 
 
 DET, s. Debt, money due; pi. dettis, sums 
 owing, sums due ; the Kingis dettis, sums due 
 to the King, Accts. L. H. Treas., 1. 220, 241, 
 267. M. E. and O. Fr. dette. 
 
 Detbound, Detbund, part. pt. Impledged, 
 mortgaged. 
 
 " . . . the hous quhilk wes detbound to the said 
 Jhone of before the doun casting thairof, " &c. Burgh 
 Recs. Edin., 20th Jan., 1541-2. Rec. Soc. 
 
 Jamieson's statement regarding this term is a mis- 
 take, and his definition represents only a secondary 
 meaning. 
 
 To DETEENE, v. a. To detain, hinder ; also, 
 to retain, keep. 
 
 " . . . to dedicate the same thing a Kirk, and 
 yet deteene it a buriall." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 19. 
 
 DETERMYNAT, adv. Assuredly, certainly. 
 Barbour, i. 129. 
 O. Fr. determiner, to determine, conclude. 
 
 DEVALING, Develing, s. Covering of 
 
 centres or cooms used in building arches. 
 
 Lit. bowing, curving, from deval, to incline, slope, 
 bow. It consists of narrow planks or boards laid as a 
 covering over the centres or frames on which arches 
 are built. The term is wrongly given as Davelin in 
 
 DiCT. 
 
 " . , . tymber to be centries, develing, ime, lead, 
 
DEV 
 
 [97] 
 
 DIS 
 
 etc., to be furneist be the toune." Burgh Recs., Aber- 
 deen, 29 March, 1615. 
 
 0. Fr. devaller, to lower or let down ; Cotgr. Cf. 
 Fr, avaler. 
 
 DEVAT, Dewat, 5. A turf. V. Divet. 
 
 To DEV AWL, V. n. V. Devall. 
 
 DEVIS, Devys, Devyse, 5. A plan, design, 
 Burgh Recs., Treas. Accts.; testament, will, 
 Lyndsay, Papyngo, 1. 730 : at devyse, with 
 skill or exactness, Douglas, King Hart, st. 
 16. Fr. devis. 
 
 Devisoue, Devysour, Dewisour, 5. A 
 factor, agent, steward, manager, Barbour, 
 XX. 72. V. Devise. 
 
 DEVOYEN, part. pt. Devoided, emptied, 
 cleared. V. Deuoid. 
 
 " . . . that all the tovn be devoyen of the swyn 
 crofBs." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 70. 
 
 DEVULGAT, Divulgat, part. pt. Di- 
 vulged. 
 
 DEW, Dewe, adj. Able, worthy, valiant; 
 a poet, form of Dow, q. v.; Houlate, 1. 575. 
 
 DEWLY, adv. Readily, promptly, properly, 
 thoroughly; Houlate, 1. 888. 
 
 DIACLE, s. A small dial worn with articles 
 of personal ornament; ^^diacles of wode, the 
 dozen, xij s. ; of bone, the dozen, xlviij s." 
 Customs and Valuations, Halyburton's 
 Ledger, p. 297 ; Accts. L. H. Treas., L 88. 
 Addit. to Diacle. 
 
 DIASPINET, s. Diapered or variegated 
 
 silk ; Excheq. Rolls Scot., L 380. 
 
 In Latin it appears as diaspinetum and diaspretum : 
 compare 0. Fr. diasjire, diaper, and its modern form 
 diapre. 
 
 DIOH, DiciiiNG. Pron. of Dicht, Dichting 
 V. Dicht. 
 
 DICTON, 
 
 DiTON. 
 
 *. A motto, inscription. V. 
 
 DID, pret. Put, placed, threw. 
 
 He tiik a culter hate glowand — 
 And went him to the mekill hall. 
 That then with corn was fyllyt all, 
 And heych up in a mow it did. 
 
 Barbour, iv. 117. 
 This meaning of the v. do was not uncommon. The 
 confession of a wrong-doer in a burgh court usually 
 ended with "and I do me in your will," i.e., I put 
 myself in your hand, or your judgment. See also 
 Court of Venus, 2. 785. V. under Doid. 
 
 DIET, Diete, Dyet, s. 1. An appointed 
 day for meeting, muster, justice, etc. ; also, 
 the meeting, muster, etc.: hsnce the phrase, 
 " to desert the diet." 
 (Sup.) N 
 
 2. A day's work ; Accts. L. H. Treas., L 246. 
 
 3. A service, supply, course ; as, '' a diet of 
 worship:" a repast, meal; as, "a diet of 
 meat." Pi. diets, dietis, dyetes, courses, 
 dishes; Awnytyrs of Arthur, st. 15. Addit. 
 to Diet. 
 
 DIGHT, Dicht, Dich, s. A wipe, rub> 
 scrub ; also short for dighting, a rubbing, 
 scrubbing, cleaning, dressing. V. Dicht, v. 
 
 To DILASCH, V. a. To discharge; Reg. 
 Priv. Council, VL 259. V. Delash. 
 
 DILCE, Dilse, Dulce, s. V. Dulse. 
 
 To DILDER, Didder, v. a. and n. To 
 shake, jerk ; also, to dribble, ooze, trickle, 
 glide : hence, to trifle, waste time, work 
 carelessly ; West of S., Orkn. 
 
 DiLDER, Didder, s. A smart jerk, shake, 
 
 jolt. 
 
 DILIGAT, adj. V. Deligat. 
 
 DIMINUTE, adj. Diminished, lessened. 
 Lat. diminutus. 
 
 Gif that ye find ocht throw my negligence 
 Be dimimite, or yit superfluous, 
 Correct it at jour willis gratious. 
 
 Henrysone, Prologue to Fables, 1. 41. 
 
 DINEN, Deinen, s. Dinner ; also, a meal, 
 sufficient for a meal ; West of S., Orkn. 
 V. Dine. 
 
 In Orkn. and Shetl. a full meal, a bellyful is called 
 a deeniii: and in Shetl. "to get one's dienen," is to be 
 well served. V. Gloss. 
 
 DINGLE, V. and s. Thrill, throb. V. 
 
 DiNLE. 
 
 Dingle, with meanings like those of E. tingle, is 
 common in West of S. and in Orkn. and Shetl. 
 
 DINNEL, V. and s. V. Dinle. 
 
 DIOCY, s. A diocese, Burgh Recs. 
 
 To DIRD, V. a. To beat, thump, dump, in 
 order to solidify, as when filling a sack of 
 grain ; as to drive or cast violently. Addit, 
 to Dird, s. 
 
 O. Fr. dourder, to beat, thump. 
 
 DiRDER, s. A driver, whipper-in ; as a dog- 
 dirder, dog-breaker, kennel-attendant. 
 
 To DIRKEN, V. n. To lurk ; to peer, pry. 
 
 Addit. to DiCT. V. DarJc, v. 
 
 In both entries the meaning has been missed. In 
 the passage by Fergussou the meaning is to lurk ; in the 
 other it is to pry. 
 
 To DISCOMMODE, v. a. To inconvenience, 
 disturb, annoy. 
 
 DiscoMMODiTiE, s. Inconvenience, annoy- 
 ance. Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 2 July, 1595. 
 
DIS 
 
 [98] 
 
 DOI 
 
 DISCUS, s. Conclusion, settlement ; and 
 prob. an old law term applied to the final 
 statement and finding of the judge. 
 
 " . . . to attend vpone the said actioun, vntil the 
 finall end and discus thairof." Burgh E.ecs. Aberdeen, 
 5 March, 1616. 
 
 Lat. discussio, examination. 
 
 DISFAMETE, s. Impoverishment, want. 
 
 ". . . Our heretage of Caidmour hes lying waist 
 without teling or sawing to the greit dis/amete and 
 hunger of xviij^* of houshalderis. " Charters, &c., of 
 Peebles (Burgh Eec. Soc), 281. 
 
 To DISGEEST, Disjeest, v. a. To digest : 
 
 part. pr. disgeesiin, disjeestin, digesting; 
 
 also used as a s. digestion. 
 
 This corruption is common all over Scotland, and in 
 many parts of England. 
 
 To DISGRES, V. a. To fleece, strip, rob. 
 
 " . . . may persaue his iutentioun and meaning 
 alwayis to be to dlsgres me and my richt of the samiu 
 tak, takand vpoun him to querrell my rycht," &c. 
 Early Records of Mining in Scotland, p. 67. 
 
 O. Fr. desgresser, a form of desgrnisser, "to unfatten, 
 ungrease, rid of fat, make leane ; also to rifle ; " Cotgr. 
 
 DISIONE, 5. V. DisjuNE. 
 
 To DISPERSON, v. a. Same as Misperson, 
 q. V. ; part. pr. disper soiling, used also as a 
 s., Burgh liecs. Aberdeen, I. 416 ; Glas- 
 gow, I. 77, Rec. Soc. 
 
 To DISPESCHE, V. a. To despatch, send 
 or drive away ; Burgh Kecs. Edin., III. 12, 
 102. O. Fr. depescker. 
 
 To DISPIT, V. a. To dispute, contend, op- 
 pose, call in question. 
 
 And till gud purpoiss ditpit and argow, 
 A sylogysme propone, and elk exclud. 
 
 Menryson, Cock and Jasp, 1. 45. 
 
 To DISPRISE, DisPKYSE, v. a. To attack 
 with intent to injure, maliciously surprise 
 and assault; part. pr. disprysing^ used also 
 as a 5., meaning assault and battery. 
 
 "The quhilk day William Paterson [and] Patrick 
 Lowiesoun convict be ane assyse vpoun the disprysing 
 of William Todrig, baillie, invadand him with cruell 
 wawpouns and drawin swordis, for the quhilk caus thai 
 sail be had to the trone and thair hands to be straken 
 throch, and that is gevin for dome." Burgh Reca. 
 Edin., 20 Oct., 1500, Rec. Soc. 
 
 O. Fr. despriser, lit. to take, handle, or deal with 
 contemptuously, and, like mespriser, v\ ith similar mean- 
 ing, applied to every variety of wi'ong-doing to a neigh- 
 hour, from simple disrespect to assault and battery. 
 From 0. Fr. des or dis, from, away from ; hence, badlj', 
 wrongfully ; and priser, from Lat. prehensus, part. pt. 
 of prehendere, to take, seize. In various instances the 
 prefix dis has been adopted in Scot, instead of mis, as 
 in this word disprise; but in some cases both forms are 
 used, as, disperson and misperson, distrust and mistrust, 
 the last two are in E, also. 
 
 DISTRENYEABILL, Distrinyabill, adj. 
 Able or fit to be distrained. V. Distrinyie. 
 
 DI VET-SPADE, s. Same as Flauohter- 
 Spade, q. v. 
 
 DOB, adj. and s. Short for dohle, double, 
 
 equal, equidistant ; pi. dobs, things that are 
 
 equal or equidistant. Orkn. 
 
 When two persons playing at pitch-and-toss place 
 their pitchers equidistant from the tee, they are said 
 to be dohs, and require to throw again. 
 
 To Dob, v. n. Short for to double, to do or 
 play over again, as when the players are 
 equal. Orkn. 
 
 DOCHLY, adv. Errat. for Dewly, q. v. 
 
 This mistake was made in Pinkerton's version of the 
 Houlate, taken from the Bann. MS., which reads dow^y, 
 afterwards altered to dewly. Asloan MS. has dewly. 
 
 DOOHTLESS, Doughtless, adj. Power- 
 less, worthless, unworthy, of little value. V. 
 DOCHTY. 
 
 "A dochtless dawtie gets a beggar'8 dower." Old 
 Proverb. 
 
 DOCUMENT, s. Evidence, attestation. V. 
 Document, v. 
 
 ". . . be verray (?ocura«i< of thaim that herd and 
 saw the begyning of that bargan." Charters, &c., of 
 Peebles (Burgh Rec. Soc), p. 132. 
 
 The writing at the end of an instrument in which 
 the notary sets forth his name and authority, is called 
 his Docquet. 
 
 To DODDER, DoTHER, v. n. To totter, to 
 walk in a weak or trembling state, to move 
 about in an aimless or stupid manner. V. 
 
 DOTTAR, DODD. 
 
 The form dad is also used to express the feeble and 
 unsteady motion of an old person : — "He's hardly able 
 to dod out an' in now." 
 
 Dodder'd, Dotherd, adj. Tottering, frail, 
 
 feeble, stupid; "He's auld an' dodder'd noo." 
 
 Dodder and doddered are common 'hi the North of 
 Eng. V. Brockett. In some parts of E. the quaking- 
 grass is caleld dodder-grass. 
 
 DOGONIS, s. pi. Simply the pi. of dogon, 
 which is the same word as dugon, a term of 
 contempt. Errat. in Dict. 
 
 Both defin. and etym. of this term are wrong; but 
 both are correctly given under Dugon, q. v. 
 
 DOGS-HELPER, s. A person of mean 
 appearance, Orkn. 
 
 DOID. A form of do it, and sometimes of 1 
 do it. A more common Scot, form is dude 
 or duid. Addit to DiCT. 
 
 This term was left undefined by Jamieson ; and re- 
 garding his note of explanation Prof. Skeat writes : — 
 
 " Explanation and etymology are quite wrong. 
 Doid- do it ; and do it on is short for / do it on, which 
 in M. E. means, ' I refer it to. ' This phrase is common 
 in Piers Plowman. See the Glossary, p. 597, col. 2, 1, 
 6." 
 
DOK 
 
 [99] 
 
 DOU 
 
 DOKSILVER, s. Dock-dues, harbour-dues ; 
 Burgh Recs. Edin., II. 239, Rec. Soc. 
 
 This was a charge collected by the water-bailie of 
 the port of Leith. It is thus defined in Stirling Char- 
 ters, 1641, p. 151 : — " portus et textrine monetis lie 
 heavin silver et dock silver.'" 
 
 DOLIE, Doolie, adj. V. Dolly. 
 DOLVEN, DoLLiN, part. pt. Buried. V. 
 
 DOLLYNE. 
 
 The phrase deid and dollin, in Dunbar's Mariit We- 
 men, 1. 410, occurs as ded and doluen in William and 
 the Werwolf, 11. 2G30, 5280. 
 
 DONIE, s. Lit. dun-coloured one ; and in 
 this sense it is used as a name for a hare. 
 Addit. to DrcT. 
 
 The following is Prof. Skeat's explanation of the 
 term. Dr. .Jamieson's note is wrong. 
 
 "The etymology is easy. It stands for dun-y, from 
 dun, its colour. So also E. donkey for dun-ik-y." 
 
 DOO, s. A dove, etc. V. Dow. 
 
 DOOKAT, DOOKET, S. V. DOWCATE. 
 
 DOOFART, DoFART, adj. and s. V. Dow- 
 fart. 
 
 DOCK, DooKER, DooKAR. V. under Douk. 
 
 DOOKING, DOOKIN, DouKiN, s. Dipping, 
 plunging, bathing, diving, drenching : also, 
 the amusement of ducking for apples. 
 
 DOOR-STANE, Door-Step, s. The thres- 
 hold of a door : called door-nrtajies, door- 
 steps, when consisting of two or more steps. 
 
 In North of Eng. the same terms are used. V. 
 Brockett's Gloss. 
 
 DOORWARD, Durward, .9. Door-keeper, 
 usher, guard of the presence chamber. 
 
 V. DURWARTH. 
 
 DORCHE, s. A form of Dugrch, a dwarf, 
 Houlate, 1. 650, Asloan MS. 
 
 DOREN. A form of dereyne, to contest, 
 fight out, settle by combat. V. Dereyne. 
 
 This term was left undefined ; and Jamieson's 
 suggestion regarding its meaning is wrong. The 
 following note gives full and satisfactory explanation. 
 
 " By the common error of o for e, this is merely for 
 deren, a better form of darren. See note on Darren 
 above. The editions rightly have direnye, another 
 spelling of dereine ; the final ye is the peculiar way of 
 printing the suffix, which is often (still worse) printed 
 as ze." Skeat. 
 
 DORLACH, Darloch, s. A bundle, truss, 
 
 package ; portmanteau, or other form of 
 
 travelling bag or case ; also, a sheaf of 
 
 arrows, a quiver. Addit. to Dorlach. 
 
 Of the two entries of this term in the DiCT. , the first 
 is correct so far as it treats, but the second is wrong. 
 On the authority of Sir W. Scott Jamieson accepted 
 the word as different from the Gael, dorlach ; but it is 
 
 the same word, and the passages quoted might haTe 
 kept him right on that jjoint : indeed the term is found 
 only in lists of the arms, or records of the fights and 
 forays of Highlanders, and in Acts of Pari, relating to 
 the Highlands. For examples of its use, v. DiCT. ; and 
 for the form darloch, v. Pitcairn's Grim. Trials, II. 432. 
 Gael, dorlach, a handful, a bundle ; a sheaf of arrows, 
 a quiver; M'Leod & Dewar. 
 
 DORMANTS, Dormans, Dormonds, Dor- 
 mounds, Dormers, s. pi. The sleepers or 
 joists of a house on which flooring is laid, 
 Burgh Recs., Edin., I. 45, 243. Fr. dor- 
 meur. 
 
 DORMY, adj. A term used in golfing ; 
 applied to a player when he is as many 
 holes ahead of his opponent as there are 
 holes still to play. 
 
 DORNTOR, s. V. Dortor. 
 
 DORTOR, DoRTON, Dorntor, Dornton, 
 DoRTS, Dort, s. a slight repast, refresh- 
 ment ; food taken between meals ; West of 
 
 S. V. DOROERMEAT. 
 
 "A herd in the parish of Beith complained that 
 other hei'ds got a dortor like a dortor, but he got a 
 dochtless dortor," i.e., a miserably small one. Laird 
 of Logan, Gloss. 
 
 These are some of the many forms which have sprung 
 from A.-S. under n, short for undern-mete, afternoon 
 meal. Jamieson gives dordermete, as used in Angus ; 
 Ray, in his Collection of North-Country Words, gives 
 aandorn, aunder, dondinner, doundrins, and omdornt, 
 as names for afternoon refreshments ; and Thoresby in 
 his letter to Ray gives earnder, forenoon drinking, as 
 used in Yorkshire. Dortor and its variations, however, 
 as used in the West of S., mean generally a repast or 
 refreshment between meals ; though they are perhaps 
 most frequently applied to the mid-day piece given to 
 farm servants, and to young people when engaged in 
 out-door work. 
 
 DORTOUR, Dortor, s. A dormitory, bed- 
 room ; also, a posset or sleeping draught 
 taken at bed-time, like our modern nightcap. 
 
 Fr. dortoir, a bedroom ; and in the second sense the 
 term is short for Fr. dormitoire, " a sleep-procuring 
 medicine." Cotgr. Both terms are from Lat. dormi- 
 torium, a dormitory. 
 
 DOTACIOUN, s. Gift, endowment. V. 
 
 DOTAT. 
 
 DOTTLE-TROT, .s^ Also called " the old- 
 man's walk :" the rapid, short-step walk of 
 an old person ; Berths., Forfars. V. Dodder. 
 
 To DOUBLE, DowBiL, Dowbill, v. a. To 
 line a gown, cloak, &c. Fr. doubter. 
 Addit. to Double. 
 
 " iij elne and dimid. of scarlet to 
 
 be a lang gowne to tlie Duk viij 
 
 elne of blak dammysk to doivbil it with," &c. Accts, 
 L. H. Treas., I. 203. Dickson. 
 
 DOUBLER, DouBLAR, Doavblbr, Dublar, 
 DuPLAR, Doblkre, Diblar, Daplar, *. 
 
DOU 
 
 [100] 
 
 DRA 
 
 A large dish or platter, generally of wood 
 or pewter, of which there were three sizes, 
 little-doubler, doubler, and grete-douhier : 
 Acta Audit,, p. 82 ; Accts. L. H. Treas., 
 I. 71 ; Burgh Lawis, ch. 116. Addit. to 
 DiBLER, and Dublar, q. v. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson must have been uncertain regarding 
 this term, as it was left undefined in both the forma 
 in which it is given. It is from O. Fr. doublier, a dish, 
 and represents one of the platter-shape. In M. E. 
 dobeler, dohlere, which in Prompt. Parv, and Wright's 
 Glossaries represent Lat. parapses, parapsis, a dish or 
 platter : and in the latter work the gretedoblere 
 represents cathinus, a similar dish of larger size. 
 
 According to the old Burgh Laws the douhler was 
 one of the articles of heirship, which passed to the 
 successor; being accounted one of "the necessaire 
 thyngis pertenand til his hous." Burgh Lawis, ch. 
 117, Rec. Soc. 
 
 DOUN, adv. In reduction or abatement ; as, 
 " Gie me a saxpence doun o' the price." It 
 is also used as a 5. ; as, '' How muckle domi 
 will ye gie ^" i.e., what or how much reduc- 
 tion will you allow "i 
 
 Both senses have been long in use. 
 
 " Gevin to James Andersoun, fermarare of the towns 
 myln, doun of his ferme be ressoun of the greit droutht, 
 xxj li." Accts. Burgh of Glasgow, 22 Aug., 1573. 
 
 DOUN-SITTING, Doun-Settin, s. Settle- 
 ment by marriage, but specially implying 
 the house and plenishing ; as, " She's got a 
 gran' doun-sittin." 
 
 DOURIEK, s. and adj. Dowager; Hist. 
 Estate of Scotland, p. 85, Wodrow Soc. 
 
 Misc. V. DOWEIER. 
 
 DOWKET, s. A dovecot. V. Dowcate. 
 
 DOWN IE, s. V. Daunie. 
 
 DOYOHLE, DoiCHLE, s. A dull, stupid, 
 sleepy person ; a sloven. V. Doil'd. 
 
 To DoYCHLE, DoiCHLE, V. 11. To walk or 
 work in a stupid or dreamy state. 
 
 DOYLDE, adj. Stupid. V. Doil'd. 
 
 DOYN, Done, Doon, Doons, Dunze. 
 
 Forms of the part. pt. done, used as very, in 
 
 a great degree. Jamieson's explanation of 
 
 these forms is round-about and faulty. A 
 
 simpler and more satisfactory one is given 
 
 in the following note. 
 
 *' Dayn is merely the p. p. dotie, used in a very 
 peculiar way ; see Danes in Glossary to P. Ploughman, 
 and Notes to the same, p. 419. Hence sa done is so 
 done, so made ; hence, in such a manner or way, and 
 finally, to that degree. Sa done tyrsum is, tiring to 
 that degree. So doons severe, severe to that degree. 
 No that dunze strong, not to that degree strong, not so 
 strong ; and so on. The passage cited from P. Plow- 
 man is quite to the point." Skeat. 
 
 To DRAIGLE, v. a. and n. To trail along 
 wet dirty ground, or over wet grass, &c. ; 
 to make or become wet or dirty by so 
 doing ; also, to bespatter with mud, to be 
 soaked with rain. E. draggle. 
 
 Jenny's a' wat, poor body, 
 
 Jenny's seldom dry ; 
 She draiglet a' her petticoatie, 
 
 Coming through the rye. 
 
 Burns, Coming through the Rye. 
 
 Draigle is prob. a dimiu. of drake, to drench, soak, 
 Icel. drekkja, to drown, swamp ; Goth, dragkjan, to 
 give to drink. 
 
 Draigle-tail, Draigle-tailed, adj. Ap- 
 plied to females whose dress is fouled with 
 wet or mire, or who are careless or slovenly 
 in dress or bearing. Draigle-tails is a 
 common name for such a person. 
 
 Draiglin, Draigling, Draigle, s. A 
 
 soaking with rain, wet, or mire ; a spatter- 
 ing with mud ; a wet, dirty condition, as, 
 '* What a draigle ye' re in !" 
 
 DRAP, s. A raindrop : the eaves of a house ; 
 
 the line of raindrop from the eaves. Addit. 
 
 to Drap. 
 
 The last of these meanings may be illustrated by 
 the answer of a selfish cocklaird who was called to 
 account for some act contrary to good neighbourhood : — 
 •' I can, and I wuU do as I like inside my ain drap." 
 V. Dreep, Drop. 
 
 DRASIE, adj. Drowsy, sluggish, lazy ; list- 
 less, dispirited. 
 
 For Flewme is flat, slaw, richt slipperie and sweir, 
 And drasie, to spit can not forbeir. 
 
 Court of Venus, prol. L 17, S. T S. 
 
 That is, " a phlegmatic person is so dead-lazy that 
 
 he can't be at the trouble even to spit." 
 And he that hes of Watter the natoure, 
 Is daft, and doyld, drasie with small effect. 
 
 Ibid., prol, 1. 74. 
 That is, he is "listless and has little outcome." 
 In the Gloss, this word is rendered dripping ; this is 
 
 a mistake. 
 
 A.-S. drmian, dnlsan, to be sluggish. 
 
 DRAUNT, Drauntin'. V. Drant. 
 
 To DRAW, V. a. A terra in golfing ; to drive 
 widely to the left hand. Syn. hook, screiv. 
 
 To Draw a Strae Before the Cat. To 
 
 wheedle, cajole, blind, or amuse a person in 
 
 order to gain some end. 
 
 " Than," said the Wolf, in wraith, " wenis thow with wylis. 
 And with thy mony mowis me to mate ? 
 It is an auld dog doutles that thow begylis ; 
 Thow wenis to draw the stra be/oir tlie cat !" 
 " Schir," said the Foxe, " God wait, I mene nocht that," &c. 
 Henry son, Wolf, Fvxe, «£-• Cadgear. 1. 60. 
 
 Drawin, part. pt. Withdrawn, passed. 
 
 Thair with dame Natur hes to the hevin drawin. 
 
 Houlate, 1. 942. 
 
DUE 
 
 [101] 
 
 DRU 
 
 To DREEP, V. 11. To drip, ooze, strain ; 
 part. pr. dreepin, used also as a s., and as 
 an adj. ; part. pt. dreepit. 
 
 While rains are blattrin' frae tlie south, 
 
 An' down the lozens seepin' ; 
 An' hens in mony a caul' closs-mouth 
 
 Wi' hingin' tails are dreepin'. 
 
 Alex. Wilson's Poems, p. 82, ed. 1876. 
 
 Dreep, s. Drip, dripping, as from a roast, 
 from the eaves, &c. : also, the eaves ; and 
 where drops from the eaves fall on the 
 ground, as, " Ye mun bide within your ain 
 dreep^ V. Drap. 
 
 DREG, s. The last or least worth of any- 
 thing ; hence, the basest, vilest. Addit. to 
 Dreg. 
 
 " . . . falling out in the dreg of all tymes, where- 
 in the world lay besotted and swattering in all sorte of 
 superstition." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 13. 
 
 DREG-BOAT, Dreg-Bote, s. 1. A dred- 
 ger, a kind of fishing-boat. 
 
 "Of ilk dreg-boat and hand-lyne hot cummand in 
 with fisch," &c. Burgh Recs. Edin., 16 Nov., 1471, 
 Recs. Soc. 
 
 2. A boat or great-punt carrying a dredging 
 machine, used for deepening a harbour, 
 river, &c. ; also, a boat or punt for the 
 receiving and carrying away the dredgings 
 of such a machine. 
 
 3. A track-boat, a canal boat drawn by a 
 horse. 
 
 DREID, Dreed, Drede, s. Dread, fear, 
 doubt, suspicion, suspense. Addit. to Dread. 
 
 Dreidles, Dreedles, Dredless, adj. and 
 adv. Without fear, doubt, or wavering ; 
 doubtless, unhesitatingly. 
 
 Mak a fair foule of me, 
 Or ellis dreidles I dee, 
 Or my end day. 
 
 Houlate, 1. 116. 
 
 DRENG, s. A dependant. Y. Dring. 
 
 To DRIDDLE, v. n. To work, walk, or act 
 in a feeble, unsteady, or uncertain manner ; 
 generally applied to the doings of old people, 
 of the lame, and the lazy. 
 
 Gipsies and tinkers are said "to driddle about to get 
 work, and to driddle at it when they do get it ; " and 
 of lazy loafers it is said, "they winna work, they'll 
 only driddle." And as expressive of the weakness and 
 unsteadiness of old age Burns used this term with fine 
 effect in his Epistle to Major Logan — 
 
 H>i!e be your heart ! Hale be your fiddle !— 
 To cheer you through the weary widdle 
 
 O this wild warl', 
 Until you on a crummock driddle 
 A gray-hair'd carl. 
 
 " To driddle on a crummock," to totter along on a 
 staff. ® 
 
 The nouns driddle, driddling, driddler, are also used 
 in the same senses as the verb. V. Whistle Binkie, I. 
 159. 
 
 DRIFT, s. Track, trail, way, passage ; pass- 
 ing away, lapse ; also a mining term, mean- 
 ing a passage cut or driven between two 
 shafts, ways, or rooms. Addit. to Drift, 
 
 Poor hav'rel Will fell aff the drift, 
 An' wander'd thro' the bow-kail. 
 An' pow't, for want o' better shift, 
 A runt was like a sow-tail 
 
 Sae bow't that night. 
 
 Burns, Halloween, st. 4. 
 Track or trail is the meaning usually given to drijt 
 as here used; but it is quite possible that Burns meant 
 drove or company, and referred to the party who had 
 gone out hand in hand "to pou their stocks." That 
 api^lication of the term was quite common in Burna's 
 day, and is still used in Ayrshire. 
 
 In the sense of passing away this term is frequently 
 met with in sermons, &c., even of last century ; as in 
 the phrase " the drift of time," i.e., the lapse of time. 
 
 DROGAT, Drogit, s. A coarse woollen 
 cloth : E. drugget, Fr. droguet. 
 
 DROILT, Drult, adj. Weak, feeble, awk- 
 ward : also used as a s. and applied to a 
 feeble or awkward person ; Orkn. and Slietl. 
 
 To Droilt, Drult, v. n. To walk or work 
 
 awkwardly ; Ibid. 
 Droiltie, Drultie, s. and adj. Applied to 
 
 a feeble, awkward, or slovenly person; Ibid. 
 
 To DROKE, Drook, v. a. V. Drake. 
 
 Droke, Drook, Drokin, Drookin, s. A 
 
 drench, soaking: a drenched or soaking: 
 
 state ; as, " The beast's in a droke o' sweat," 
 
 i.e., streaming with perspiration ; West of 
 
 S., Orkn. 
 
 The form drookin is more widely used. A person 
 drenched with rain is said to have got "a complete 
 drookin." 
 
 DROTES, s. Errat. in Dict. for JJt/etes, 
 
 diets, repasts, courses. 
 
 As given in first sense the term, its definition, and 
 etym. are correct ; but in the second sense all are 
 wrong ; for, in the passage quoted the word drotes is a 
 misreading of dyetes, repasts. V. DiCT. 
 
 DROWPAND, Droupan, Drupin, adj. 
 Drooping, bowing, bowed down ; crushed^ 
 sad, demure, feeble; Houlate, 1. 188. V» 
 Drowp, s. 
 
 To DRUSH, Drosh, v. n. To crumble, 
 crush, fall to pieces ; to spoil, go wrong, 
 fail. V. Dkush, s. 
 
 DRUTE, s. A lazy, slovenly, heartless per- 
 son. V. Drutle. 
 
 Shame fa' the fallow that did do't. 
 He's naething but a worthless drute. 
 
 Fisher's Poems. 
 
DRY 
 
 [102] 
 
 DYS 
 
 DRY-TAPSTER, s. One who sells but does 
 not brew ale ; Burgh Recs. Edin., II. 5, 
 Rec. Soc. V. TopsTER. 
 
 DUBLAR, s. V. Douhler. 
 
 DUCHTY, DucHTiE, adj. V. Doughty. 
 
 DUFFIE, D UFFY, adj. Blunt, blunt-pointed, 
 round-headed ; Orkn. Addit. to DuFFiE. 
 
 DUIE-OYE, s. A great-great-grandchild, 
 
 Orkn. 
 DUILL, s. Grief, sorrow: -pi. duilles, duillis, 
 
 mourning for the dead, also short for dule- 
 
 weeds, mournings, Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 
 
 7; another form is dule-claes, widow' s-weeds. 
 
 Addit. to Dole. 
 
 DULSACORDIS, s. A musical instrument, 
 prob. a dulcimer ; Houlate, 1. 762. 
 
 DULSET, DuLSATE, s. A musical instru- 
 ment : prob. a small dulcimer, Houlate, 1. 
 762. 
 
 DUMMYGRANE, s. Corr. of Demigrane, 
 
 the name of a rich glossy silk; Sempill 
 
 Bailates, p. 238. 
 
 O. Fr. demigraine, also migraine, "scarlet or purple 
 ingraine;" Cotgr. 
 
 DUNGIN, DwNGiN, part. pt. V. Dongin. 
 
 DUNNLE, V. and s. V. Dangle. 
 
 To DUNT, V. a. 1. To crush, mark, or 
 indent by striking; like to dunkle ; as, 
 " Ye've duntit the lid o' the tin can." 
 
 2. To compact, shake together, by striking the 
 mass on the ground ; as, to dunt a sack of 
 grain. Addit. to Dunt. 
 
 To DURE, V. n. To endure, abide, continue, 
 last; Houlate, 1. 169. 
 
 To DURKEN, v. n. To lie hid, lurk : lit. to 
 
 be made dark. "Thei durken and dare," 
 
 they lurk and lie hid. Errat. in Dict. V. 
 
 Dark, and Dare. 
 
 The explanations of this term given by Jamieson, 
 Sibbald and Pinkerton are worthless ; but they had 
 not correct versions to work on. Sir F. Madden 
 pointed out this mistake, or series of mistakes, in his 
 Gloss, to Sir Gawayn. 
 
 DUSANE, DusAiN, Greit Dusane, s. An 
 
 old name for the magistrates of a burgh, 
 
 the town council. Prob. so called because 
 
 it originally consisted of twelve members. 
 
 The origin of this name, and the composition of the 
 body which it represents are not known with certainty ; 
 but the name continued to be applied to the town 
 council of Edinburgh long after that body numbered 
 above thirty members. A record dated Oct. 1416 
 jstates, — ". . . aldermannus pro present! anno, one 
 
 dene of gild, two appreciatores vini, two seriandi gilde, 
 four appreciatores caruium, one bursator, thirty two of 
 lie dusane." Under date, Oct. 1418, "the dusane is 
 callit ' duodecim consules et limitatores ; ' " and an 
 entry dated 19 Oct. 1492, gives some particulars 
 regarding the meetings and regulations of this im- 
 portant body at that time. It runs thus: — "It is 
 ordanit be the hale dusane of the town that gif any of 
 the dusane beand wairuit cumis nocht betymes for the 
 balding of the counsale in the wirking of the commoun 
 proffeitt, that he sail pay for ilk defalt vj [pennies ?] 
 vn[for]gevyn, to be drukken be the dusane, and gif 
 the dene or baillies or any of thame cummis nocht 
 within dew tyme thai sail dowbill als mekill vnfor- 
 gevin. Item, it is ordanit that ilk dusane day the 
 commoun proffeitt be spokin of and sene to or ony 
 playntis or vther thingia be hard." Burgh Recs. 
 Edin., I. 2, 62. 
 
 In Peebles there were, in 1463, twenty-one persons 
 "chossyng the dowssane for the reformation of the 
 town ;" and in 1574 the old name was still retained, 
 although the body then consisted of twenty-five mem- 
 bers. Burgh Recs., pp. 150, 172, Eec. Soc. Now, as 
 all the free burghs of Scot, had the same form of 
 government, these facts suggest the probability that 
 the name of the governing body in a burgh was, down 
 to the close of the 16th cent., the same as it bad been 
 fixed at the foundation of the burghal system ; and 
 that it was then so fixed on account of the number of 
 members required to form the body. 
 
 DUSSIE, Duschet, s. Coll. forms of 
 dulcet, a musical instrument of the dulcimer 
 kind; Sempill Bailates, p. 205, 207. V. 
 DuLSET. 
 
 DWERCH, DoRCHE, s. A dwarf. V. 
 
 DUERCH. 
 
 DWINE, V. and s. V. Dwyne. 
 
 D YAM AND, Dyamond, «. Applied to any- 
 thing that is shaped like a diamond or 
 lozenge ; cubes of iron used as shot ; blunt 
 diamond-shaped heads for tilting-spears ; 
 Accts. L. H. Treas. I. 310, Dickson. 
 
 "Item [10 Sept. 1496] for a waw of irne to be 
 dyamondis for guncast, xxv. s." Ibid. p. 293. 
 
 O. Fr. and M.E. diamant, from Lat. adamas, 
 adamantis, which was borrowed from the Greek. V. 
 Trench's Select Glossary. 
 
 DYCE, Dyss, Dis, s. Dice; also applied to 
 anything that is dice or diamond-shaped, as 
 dis of ii^ne, cubes of iron like dice ; dis hedit, 
 having a square or diamond-shaped heart; 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 133, 295, 357. 
 
 DYET, s. A diet, repast, course ; Awntyrs 
 of Arthur, st. 15. 
 
 DYKIE, s. Short for dyke-sparrow, a hedge- 
 sparrow ; West of S. 
 
 DYSCHOWYLL, adj. Lit. with hair in 
 disorder, like a lady going to or rising from 
 rest : hence, in disarray. O. Fr. desckevele. 
 Addit. to Dict. 
 
 Jamieson's definition gives in a general way the 
 meaning implied in the passage quoted ; but it does 
 not give the correct meaning of the term. 
 
DYS 
 
 [103] 
 
 EDD 
 
 "The etymology is obviously wrong; it is merely 
 the E. dischevelled, with the hair untidy ; from O. Fr. 
 chevei, hair, Lat. capillus." Skeat. 
 
 DYSMEL, s. V. Dismal. 
 
 DYVOUR, Dyvor, s. Cheat, rogue, rascal, 
 iieer-do-well ; Wattie and Meg, st. 21. 
 Addit to Dyvour. 
 
 This term is still used in West of S. as an epithet of 
 opprobrium, and synon, with blackguard. 
 
 E 
 
 E, Ee, Eie, E'e, s. Eve; look, look-out, 
 watch ; regard, liking, desire, craving ; as in 
 " a kindly ee, a lang ee, a constant gg." 
 Addit. to E. 
 
 Afore E. Before one's eyes, in one's heart 
 
 or mind. 
 
 " . . . eldaris quha hes the feir of God afore e. " 
 Burgh Recs. Peebles, p. 279, Kec. Soc. 
 
 To Have E. To look, watch, watch over ; to 
 
 consider, be interested in, try to assist or 
 
 benefit. 
 
 "... the couusale regardand and haveand 
 eie to the barges barnes of the said towne, and to schaw 
 thame fauour." Burgh Recs. Glasgow, I. 59, Rec. Soc. 
 
 To EAGGLEBARGIN, v. n. To wrangle, 
 contend, quarrel, Ramsay. V. Argle- 
 bargle. 
 
 Pron. also Eaggle-baggle in the Lothians ; argie-bargie 
 in Fife and Perths.; and argo-bargo in the West of "S. 
 In Ayrs. argie bargie is also in use. These variations 
 show that this word has nothing to do with haggling 
 in a bargain, as Dr. Jamieson suggested ; but argle- 
 bargle and all its varieties illustrate the Scottish ten- 
 dency to drop or change the liquids in words that 
 are much used. 
 
 EARLEATHER, s. V. Eirledder, 
 
 EASE, Eis, Eiss, Ess, s. Ease, leism-e, 
 satisfaction, comfort, favour ; Barbour, i. 
 228, vii. 302 : at eiss, at leisure, Ibid. xv. 
 542 : male ess, disease, Ibid. xx. 73, Camb. 
 MS., and in Edin. MS. malice. 
 
 To Ease, Eis, Eiss, v. a. To comfort, satisfy, 
 Barbom-, v. 291. 
 
 Eased, part. pt. Rested, satisfied ; well fur- 
 nished or provided. 
 
 " So then, seeiug our nobles now may be, as of olde 
 they were then, so honourablie eased with ones princely 
 lies or tombes, why should they wilfully incurre vn- 
 necessar profanation, by burying in Kirks ? " Blame 
 of Kirkburiall, ch. 10. 
 
 0. Fr. aistf, pleased, satisfied. But in this case easfd 
 is used in the sense of ais6 in the phrase aise en son 
 mesnage, which Cotgrave renders "well furnished with 
 all houshold prouision." 
 
 Easy, Esie, Esy, adj. Light, moderate, not 
 great, costly, or extravagant : as, " Now, 
 
 mak your price easy." It is also used as 
 an adv. : as, " They're bein folk, but they 
 live quite easi/,'" i.e., without much cost or 
 display. Comp. easier, superl. easiest, 
 esiest. 
 
 Braid burdis and benkis our beld with bancouris of gold, 
 Cled our with clene clathis, 
 Raylit full of riches, 
 The esiest wes the arress, 
 That ye se schold. 
 
 Houlate, st, 52. 
 
 ^'Esiest," least worth, least expensive. 
 
 EASTIN, Estin, adj. and adv. Eastern, 
 eastward, Dunbar ; Compl. Scot., p. 61, E. 
 E. T. S. 
 
 EATEN CORN, Eatten Corne, Etten 
 CoRNE, s. Oats eaten by domestic ani- 
 mals trespassing. 
 
 "Alexander Dickie persued Barbara Fultoun for 
 sevein peckis of eatten corne this last summer." Cors- 
 hill Baron Court Book, Ayr and Wigtown Arch. Coll., 
 
 IV. 75. 
 
 EBBIE, s. The abbrev. of Ebenezer; it is 
 often further abbreviated into Ebb, which 
 in West and South of S. is pron. Aib. 
 
 EBURE, s. V. EuouR, Ever. 
 
 ED, EoDE, pret. Went. V. Yed, Yede. 
 
 To EDDER, V. a. To rope a stack. V. 
 Ether. 
 
 EDDIE, s. The abbrev. of Edward ; it is 
 often further shortened into Ed, which is 
 corr. into Ned. 
 
 To EDDLE, Ettle, v. a. and n. To earn, 
 win by labour, work for : as, " Ye'll just 
 get what ye eddle for, or what ye ettle." 
 
 Eddles, Eddlixs, Ettles, Ettlins, 8. pi. 
 Earnings, wages, recompense, retribution ; 
 fruits of one's labour : as, " Wait a wee, 
 your eddlins '11 ourtak ye." " Ye'll get 
 your ettlins for that yet." 
 
 Icel. odlask, to win, gain as property ; Cleasby. 
 In the North of E. the forms are addle, aidle, eddle. 
 
 V. Brockett's Gloss. 
 
EE 
 
 [104] 
 
 EIS 
 
 'EE, pron, A coll. form for thee and ye, and 
 sometimes for thou and you; as, "I maun 
 tell 'ee." " Is tat 'ee ? " i.e. is it you 1 
 
 This was a common form in the West of S. thirty 
 years ago, and may still be heard in rural districts. 
 The modem form is ye. 
 
 EEN, EiN, adj. and r. Even. V. Evin. 
 
 EENSHANKS, s. Afternoon repast ; also 
 called /oM?'-/io«rs, from the time at which it 
 was taken. V. Foltrhours. 
 
 This repast is also named antrim, antrin, andorn, 
 and of late years drum : but all are from undern. 
 
 Eenshanks is a corn of een or eenin, evening, and 
 shenk, drink, refreshment. The term still exists in the 
 South of Scot. See mmcheon in Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 EERAN, Eerin, E a rand, s. An errand, 
 
 message, business ; Whistle Binkie, i. 253 ; 
 
 pi. eerans, eerins, duties, daily work outside 
 
 one's own house, purchases. 
 
 In some districts the applications of the pi. form are 
 peculiar. The husband's eerans or turns are his daily 
 work or round of duties ; but the wife's eerans are her 
 messages or purchases, and her turns are her round of 
 domestic duties. 
 
 EETCH, Eitch, Aitch, s. An adze, a car- 
 penter's tool. 
 
 EFREST. Errat. in Dict. for Esiest, q. v. 
 
 This error was made by the transcriber of Pinker- 
 ton's version of the Houlate. Jamieson's note on the 
 word suggests a meaning quite the reverse of that 
 which the correct word implies. V. under Easy. 
 
 £FT, Eff, adv. After, afterwards, again; 
 Barbour, vi. 378. Addit. to Eft. 
 
 Eft-Crop, Eff-Crop, s. 1. After-crop, 
 also called tail-crop, i.e., the grass that 
 springs up among the stubble after the crop 
 is cut. V. Avetnsh. 
 
 2. A crop of the same kind as the ground 
 yielded last year. V. Eff-crop, v. 
 
 "To Eff-Crop, v. a. Lit. to after-crop, i.e., 
 to take two successive crops of the same 
 kind from a field. 
 
 '* . . tenants were restricted not to eff-crop the 
 infield (i.e., not to take two successive crops of oats), 
 nor to fourth-crop the out-field till baugh-ley." Rob- 
 ertson, Agriculture of S. Dist. Perthshire, p. 23. 
 
 Efterhin, Eftirhin, prep, and adv. An- 
 other form K)f Efterhend, Eftirhend, 
 q. V. 
 
 This term often implies next after, and sometimes 
 over and above, in addition to, when used as a prep. 
 As an adv. it often implies soon or immediately after- 
 wards. 
 
 Efterins, Eftfrens, s. Lit. afterins, that 
 which comes after, the result, consequence, 
 effect, settlement, penalty, reward. V. 
 Eftir-Fallis. 
 
 To EGLE, Eggle, v. a. A corr. of ettle, to 
 
 intend, design, aim, attempt; part. pr. 
 
 egling. 
 
 " . . put furth his hand er/ling to mak him ane 
 gait." Burgh Recs Peebles, 3 May, 1557. 
 
 EIK, Eke, Ek, adv. Also. 
 
 EILINS, Eelins. 1. As an s. pi, equals in 
 age. V. EiLDiNS. 
 
 2. As an adj., of equal age; as "Your lad- 
 die's eilins wi' our lassie." West of S. 
 
 To EIND, Eyxd, Ein, v. a. and n. To 
 breathe, whisper; devise, imagine. V. 
 Eind, s. 
 
 To Eixd-Ill, Eixdill, Eyxdill, Eixil, v. n. 
 and a. Lit. to breathe ill : to devise, 
 imagine, whisper, or spread evil thoughts ; 
 to be jealous, suspicious, or vengeful ; to 
 suspect, defame, slander. V. Eyxdill. 
 
 Thay lichtly sone and covettis quickly ; 
 Tliey blame ilk body and thay blekit ; 
 Thay eindill fast aud dois ill lickly ; 
 Tliay sklander saikles and thay suspectit. 
 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 71, ed. 1882. 
 
 The form indill was also used. V. under Eldning. 
 
 This word has been printed hindill by Lord Hailes 
 in his extracts from the Bannatyne MS., and eindill, 
 which is the oorrect reading, by the Hunterian Club, 
 and by the editor of the 1882 ed. of Scott's Poems. 
 The context, however, suggests that it should be 
 printed eind-ill : and when it is thus separated into its 
 parts the whole passage becomes plain and pithy. 
 
 To EIR, Eye, v. a. To plough, till, culti- 
 vate; pret. ei7it, Henryson, Foxe and 
 Wolfe, 1. 22 ; eytnt, Douglas, Virgil, xii. ch. 
 9 ; part. pr. eirand. V. JEre, Ar. 
 
 In the Gloss, of Laing's ed. of Henryson elrit is ren- 
 dered " waxed." This is a mistake. 
 
 EIRDE HOUSES. V. under Erd. 
 
 EIRS, Eers, s. pi. The kidneys. V. Ears, 
 
 Neirs. 
 EiR-LEDDER, Erledder, 5. The loin-strap, 
 
 a portion of the harness of a draught-horse ; 
 
 also called the eir-strap or neir-strap, because 
 
 it passes over the region of the kidneys ; 
 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 295, and Gloss. 
 Jamieson's suggestion regarding the etym. of dried- 
 
 der is a mistake. The word is a corr. of neerledder, 
 
 from M. E. neer, a kidney : O. H. Germ, 7ieiro, 0. 
 
 Icel. nyra. V. Stratmann. 
 
 EiRLEDDER-PlNS, ErLEDDIR-PyNNYS, S. pi. 
 
 The pins of iron on the shafts of a cart to 
 which theeir-leathers were fastened ; Accts. 
 L. H. Treas., Gloss. 
 
 EISTLET, EisLiT, Eistellit, adv. and adj. 
 Eastward ; West of S. : " be eistellit the 
 same," Burgh Recs. Glasgow, L 389, Rec. 
 Soc. V. Eastilt. 
 
 I 
 
EK 
 
 [105] 
 
 ENC 
 
 EK, adv. and v. V. Eik, EiK. 
 
 ELABORED, jmrt. pt. Industriously work- 
 ed, built, or fashioned. O. Fr. elahore. 
 
 " , . . Pharas Ceuchres . . . having a sepul- 
 chrall Pyramide elabored by the panefuU taske of God's 
 people." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 9. 
 
 This word is not uncommon in E. works of the same 
 period. In Urqiihart's Rabelais, Author's Prologue, 
 we find the phrase ' ' most perfectly elaboured by 
 nature." 
 
 ELCROOK, Elcruik, s. Lit. an eel-spear 
 or leister, but generally applied to the large 
 flesh fork used by cooks. 
 
 " Item, ane peulder dische, ane trunscheor, ane 
 elcruik and ladill, price thairof xx. s." Burgh Recs, 
 Glasgow, i. 129. 
 
 " . . . of Laik patrones they become lawlesse 
 publicans, lyke Hophnees with elcrookes to minche and 
 not Samueles to mense the offerings of God." Blame 
 of Kirkburiall, ch. xix. 
 
 ELCRUIK, s. A crock or earthen vessel 
 
 for holding oil ; also a crock. V. Eulcruke. 
 
 In the Burgh Rec. Soc. version of the law quoted by 
 Jamieson this vessel is called simply "a cruk ;" but 
 the same article is meant, — an oil-crock. 
 
 ELDIS. Errat. in DiCT. for Clois, closely. 
 
 In the list of Errata printed at the end of his Gloss., 
 Ruddiman gives clois as the correct reading ; eldis was 
 therefore set aside, not overlooked. Small's ed. reads 
 clois. 
 
 ELDNING, Eldnyng, part. Rousing, fir- 
 ing up, making jealous ; Dunbar, Mariit 
 Women, 1. 126 ; as a s., jealousy, Ibid., 11. 
 119, 204. Addit. to Eldning, q. v. 
 
 A.-S. elnian, to strengthen. V. Jamieson's note, in 
 which he suggests that eyndlyng is the same with in- 
 dilUnrj. This is confirmed by the Maitland MS. read- 
 ing endlinr/ in 1. 204. V. Eind-ill. 
 
 ELENCH, s. a summary, abstract, recap- 
 itulation, conclusive summing up. 
 
 " Now here, ere I end, for the more populare applica- 
 tion, I will contriue an clench of some former reasones 
 in sylogistick forme ; by the which self-momus may 
 see Kirk-buriall blame vndenyablie induced." Blame 
 of Kirkburiall, ch. 20. 
 
 Lat. elenchus, an index of a book ; in logic, the con- 
 clusion or summing up of an argument. 
 
 ELF-ARROW-HEADS, s. pi. Same as 
 Elfshot, q. V. 
 
 ELSCHENER, Elschoner, Alschoner, 
 s. V. Elshender. 
 
 EL SHIN, Elshon, Elsin, Elson, s. An 
 awl. V. Elsyn. 
 
 EMBROUDIN, Exbroudix, part, pt. Em- 
 broidered or bordered ; trimmed or decor- 
 ated with an ornamental border ; decked, 
 adorned. V. Browdix. 
 (Sup.) O 
 
 Endland a ryuer plesaut to behold, 
 Enbroiulin all with Jresche flowris gay. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st 152, Skeat's ed. 
 Broudin or hrowdbi is a more common form, and still 
 in use, 
 
 EMERANT, s. EiTat. in DiCT. for Emerant: 
 but the definition is correct. Also, in the 
 following entry Emerant, Emerand should 
 be Emeraut, Emeraud : the ut, ud'=lt, Id. 
 
 EMMELDYNG, s. Prob. a misprint of em- 
 meldyug, lit. outside or edge - refuse ; 
 butcher's offal, scrap, or carcase paring : 
 also applied to a strip, rag, or tatter 
 hanging from a piece of dress. Another 
 form is Emmle-Deug, q. v. 
 
 Jamieson entered this word with its quotation, but 
 gave neither defin. nor etym. for it. That it is a mis- 
 print is almost certain ; and by substituting n for n the 
 passage becomes clear, but remains coarse. 
 
 The term is a compound of Gael, iomall (pron, email), 
 outskirt, border, edje, and diiigha, the refuse of per- 
 sons or things ; M'Leod and Dewar. 
 
 EMMLE-DEUG, s. Another form of Emmel- 
 
 dyug in last entry, q. v. Addit. to DiCT. 
 
 The definition given in Dict. is secondary, and the 
 etym. suggested is w'l'oiig. See explanations given 
 above. 
 
 EMMORAUT, s. and adj. Emerald : another 
 form of emeraut. V. under Emerant. 
 
 This form is often misprinted emmorant, thro\igh 
 misreading u as n. 
 
 To EMPESCHE, Empesh, v. a. V. Em- 
 
 PASH. 
 
 EMPHASE, s. Emphasis, force of expres- 
 sion or meaning ; Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 
 6. O. Fr. emphase, id. 
 
 EMPIRE, adj. Empyrean, empyreal ; " the 
 hauyn empire,^' the highest heaven, Compl. 
 Scot., p. 49, E. E. T. S. Fr. empyree. 
 
 To ENCHAIP, V. a. To buy, bargain, trade. 
 
 do business ; Rauf Coilyear, st. 25. Errat. 
 
 in DiOT. V. under Encheve. 
 
 Jamieson's suggestion regarding the meaning of this 
 term does not suit the passage quoted. Enchaip may 
 be from 0. Fr. enchapter, var. of achapter, later achctcr, 
 to buy, procure, trade ; Lat. adcaptare. Or it may be 
 formed with Fr. prefix en, and M. E. chep, cheap, bar- 
 ter, traffic. 
 
 To ENCHEVE, Encheif, Ei^ chief, v. a. 
 
 To achieve, accomplish, go through with; 
 hence, to win, conquer, triumph. A corr. 
 of achieve. 
 
 Tliat I liaue said I sail hauld, and that I tell the plane ; 
 Quhair ony coilyear mayjjenchaip I trow till encheif. 
 
 Rauf Coilyear, st. 25. 
 
 That is, "Where any collier may trade 1 trust to 
 succeed." V. Enchaip. 
 
 Encheve and escheve are variants of achieve, borrowed 
 from the O. Fr., which gives many similar forms; as 
 encuser and escuser for accuser. V. Bcrguy. 
 
ENC 
 
 [106] 
 
 ENT 
 
 To ENCHEVE, Encheif, Enchief, En- 
 
 CHEWE, V. a. To eschew, shun, avoid, shy 
 
 at ; Douglas Yirgil, v. ch. 8. 
 
 These are simply variants of eschece, eschewe. Doug- 
 las in his translation of Virgil uses both forms, but 
 escheve more frequently. In Bk. v. ch. 8, both forms 
 occur within the course of a few lines. V. Escheve. 
 
 To ENCHIEF, v. a. V. Encheve, Escheve. 
 
 Jamieson's first suggestion regarding this term is 
 correct, although given with considerable doubt. Ex- 
 planation is given under Encheve. 
 
 To END, V. n. To come to an end, to die ; 
 Barbour, xi. 553. 
 
 Ending, End-day, s. End, end of life, death ; 
 
 Barbour, ii. 197: end-day^ Houlate, 1. 117. 
 
 Enday, day of ending or of death, as used by Wyn- 
 town, is used also in the general sense of ending. 
 
 ENDUE, Endew, adj. Due, owing, un- 
 paid. 
 
 " . . . for borrowed money endeio be hire." 
 Corshill Baron Court Book, Ayr and Wigtown Arch. 
 Coll., iv. 90. 
 
 ENDURAND, prep. During. Y. Ixduraxd. 
 
 ENEL-SHEET, s. Lit. an end-day sheets a 
 winding-sheet. V. Exday. 
 
 Forbye a dainty enel-sheet, 
 Twa cods, whilk on the bouster meet, 
 An' slips anew to mak' complete 
 A beddin' o' the kin' 0. 
 
 Wat. Watson^s Poems, p. 59. 
 
 The enel-sheet was a double sheet of fine linen which 
 thrifty females selected and carefully preserved in fold 
 ready to be used as a covering for their dead body 
 before it was put in the coffin. It was a special 
 requisite of a bride's outfit, and decked her bed on the 
 marriage night : after which it was carefully laid past 
 to be used again only as her last earthly covering. 
 
 To ENFOECE, v. a. To force, force open, 
 forcibly enter, violate. Fr. forcer. 
 
 " And althogh to beligger the lodgings of men, ... 
 they wil looke ere they loup ; yet to enforce the Kirk- 
 house (as if God had no gunnes) there are many of 
 small feare." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 19, 
 
 To ENGENER, r. a. To engender, beget ; 
 pret. engeneret, Compl. Scot., p. 153, E. E. 
 T. S. Fr. enqendrer. 
 
 ENGYEOUN, ANGYEOUN, s. An onion, 
 Burgh Recs. Aberd., p. 127. 
 
 ENLANG, Enlangis, Enlangs, Inlangis, 
 adv. Endwise, end foremost, from end to 
 end, right on, without break or pause. 
 Addit. to Endlang, q. v. 
 
 These forms are frequently met with ; but they re- 
 present simply the common pron. of endlang, endlangis. 
 
 ENLANG, Enlangis, prep. Along, by way 
 of : forms of alang, alangs, and like them 
 used also as adv. 
 
 " . . ane penny for ilk beist passand enlangis the 
 brig." Burgh Recs. Glasgow, I. 167, Rec. Soc. 
 
 To ENLUMYNE, v. a. To illumine ; part, 
 pt. enlmnynyt, Barbour, xx. 229. Ediii. 
 
 MS. 
 
 To ENNOY, r. a. To annoy ; part. pt. 
 ennoyit, annoyed, troubled ; Douglas, Virgil, 
 V. ch. 11. 
 
 ENPARING, s. Impairing, diminution, 
 lowering; Douglas, Yirgil, xiii. ch. 11. 
 O. Fr. empire. 
 
 ENSENS, s. Incense, Compl. Scot., p. 7. 
 E. E. T. S. Fr. eiicens. 
 
 To Ensence, v. To offer incense, Dunbar. 
 
 ENSENYE, s. Insignia; "the ensenye of 
 the fleise," Compl. Scot., p. 149, E. E. T. S. 
 Addit. to Enseinyie. 
 
 ENSPRETH, s. and adj. V. Ixspratch. 
 
 To ENSURE, V. a. To make sure, rely : 
 Douglas, Virgil, v. ch. 8. O. Fr. seur, sure. 
 
 ENTECHMENT, s. Teaching, learning, ex- 
 perience; Douglas, Virgil, xi. ch. 4. 
 
 A.S. tcecan, tcecean, to show, teach. 
 
 ENTENT, s. 1. Intention, pui'pose, message. 
 
 In hous and in hall hee 
 To tell his entent. 
 
 Hmdate, 1. 143. 
 
 2. As a law term, judicial finding or assent : 
 hence, concurrence, consent. 
 
 That sen it nychlit Nature, thair alleris maistris.s, 
 Thai coud nocht trete but entent of the temperalc. 
 
 Ibid., 1. 277. 
 0. Fr. entente, intention ; M. E. entente. In law the 
 
 entent or intent of any disputed point was determined 
 
 by the judges. 
 
 To ENTER, V. a. To commence, set to work, 
 as, " We'll enter the men on the ditch the 
 morn ; " to begin to work, or set to work 
 for the first time, as " to enter a hawk," to 
 fly it at quarry for the first time ; Accts. L. 
 H. Treas., I. 360, Dickson : to take on trial, 
 to undergo probation, as, " We enter pren- 
 tices for a month before indenture." O. Fr. 
 entrer. 
 
 " . . beast or body, education should aye be 
 minded, I have six terries at hame. . . I had them 
 a' regularly entered, first wi' rottens — then wi' stoats 
 or weasels — and then wi' the tods and the brocks — and 
 now they fear naething that ever cam wi' a hairy skin 
 on't." Guy Mannering, ch. xxii. 
 
 Entre, Extra, s. Entry to office, duty, pos- 
 session, inheritance ; the succession of an 
 heir, Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 6, 315 ; com- 
 pearance, as, " souerte for the entre of a man 
 to the Justice aire," Ibid. I. 217. O. Fr. 
 entree. 
 
ENT 
 
 [107] 
 
 ESC 
 
 To ENTERMET, v. n. To intermeddle, in- 
 tromit; pret. and part. pt. entermettit. O. 
 Fr. entremettre. 
 
 " . . to pass and summonde the folkis that entei'- 
 mittit with the brokin schip." Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 
 101, Dickson. 
 
 To ENTIRE, Entyre, v. a. To inter, bury ; 
 
 part. pt. entirit, enfyrit; Barbour, xix. 
 
 224; Douglas, Virgil, xi. ch. 4. Lat. in 
 
 terra. 
 Entire, s. Interment, burial ; Douglas, 
 
 Virgil, vi. ch. 2. 
 
 ENWYT, ;jar^. pt. Witnessed, attested, 
 
 proven. 
 
 " , . the said Jhone Myller denyit ony stryken of 
 hym, hot yt was enwyt be secht of his ourisman." 
 Buigh Recs. Prestwick, 2 June, 1541, Mait. c. 
 
 ENY, adj. Any ; Barbour, x. 200. 
 
 EQUE, s. A closed or balanced account ; 
 lience, acquittance, receipt ; so called from 
 the phrase, " et sic eque," which was writ- 
 ten at the foot of an account when it was 
 closed or settled; Burgh Rec. Glasgow, 
 II. 41. 
 
 ", . produceit the townes eqiie vpoun the payment 
 of thair burrow mrtilles in exchequer." Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, i. 118, Rec. Soc. 
 
 EQUIVOCATION, s. The method, manner, 
 or act of calling different things by the same 
 name : also, a name applied or common to 
 different things. 
 
 " . . it [i.e. the grave] hes yet seauen names 
 more, that, by scripturall equivocation, are common 
 with hell." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 17. 
 
 "As by weighing the scripturall equimcations that 
 are bestowed on both kirk and gi'aue." Ibid. 
 
 Lat. equus, equal ; and vocatis, a calling. 
 
 ER, V. aux. Are ; Douglas, Barbour. 
 
 KRAST, Eraste, adj. superl. EarHest, 
 readiest, soonest or easiest got at ; hence, 
 first. Addit. to Erast. 
 
 " . . . to do this with the eraste pennyes that 
 may be gottyn of the comoune rentaile." Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, 5 Sept., 1452, Sp. C. 
 
 " . . . a promise of the e7'ast chapilnary that 
 vakit at was at thar gift." Ibid., 20 July, 1456. 
 
 ERB, EiRB, 5. An herb ; Compl. Scot. p. 67, 
 E. E. T. S. 
 
 ERE, adv. Formerly. V. Er. 
 
 To ERIE, Earie, v. n. To fall behind, to 
 
 be lacking or awanting : part. pr. eriand, 
 
 eareand, used also as a s. meaning amount 
 
 lacking, deficit. 
 
 " . . . and quhair that will not serve, the eareand 
 to be suppliet out of the coUectionis for the poore at 
 the kirk dooris." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 4 June, 
 1619, Sp. C. 
 
 O. Fr. erler, eriere, var. of ariere, Mod. Fr. arritre, 
 behind, backward : from Lat. ad retro. V. Burguy's 
 Gloss. 
 
 ERLEDDER, s. V. under Eirs. 
 
 ERRAS, 5. Arras, Accts. L. H. Treas. I. 52. 
 
 ERROUR, s. An erroneous verdict of an in- 
 quest, Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 210 ; assis of 
 errour, an assize summoned to correct such 
 a verdict and retour, Ibid., i. 214, Dickson. 
 
 ERSCHE, Erysche, Eris, adj. Belonging 
 
 to the Highlands of Scotland, Celtic ; 
 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 177, 233, 266. V. 
 
 Erse. 
 Erschman, s. a Highlander, a Celt ; Ibid., 
 
 I. 288. 
 Erchrye, Erchryne, s. The Celtic people ; 
 
 the country of the Erse or Irish. V. Erse. 
 
 Thir ar the Ireland kingis of the Erchrye. 
 
 Boulate, 1. 801, Bann. MS. 
 The Asloan MS. reads Irischerye. 
 
 ERSE, Ers, s. 1. Bottom. V. Arse. 
 
 " . . . and that the meill be als gud in the sek 
 ers as in the mouth thairof." Burgh Recs. Peebles, 5 
 Dec, 157J. 
 
 2. Hinder end ; tail, as in the tail-board of a 
 cart, the tail of a plough, which are called 
 the erse-board, and the erse o' the plough or 
 the plough-erse. 
 
 Erse is the common form, and represents the pron. 
 in Scot. ; the form arse is similarly used in various dis- 
 tricts of Eng. 
 
 ERWEST, s. Harvest, harvest time. Burgh 
 Recs. Prestwick, p. 21, Mait. Club. 
 
 ESCAPE, s. A fault, slip, mistake, error in 
 translation. 
 
 Spotswood, in his account of the Burntisland 
 Assembly when discussing the subject of a new transla- 
 tion of the Scriptures, and a new metrical version of 
 the Psalms, tells how King James urged the necessity 
 of the undertaking by pointing out " sundry escapes in 
 the common translation," etc. V. Note in Reg. Privy 
 Council, VI. 237, and full account in Spots., pp. 463. 
 465. 
 
 Shakespeare used this term in the sense of violation 
 or transgression of lawful restraint; Tit. Andron., iv. 
 2 ; a sense of modern E. escapade. 
 
 ESCHAMIT, part. pt. Ashamed, Compl. 
 Scot., p. 43, E. E. T. S. M. E. aschamed. 
 A.-S. dscamod, p. p. of dscamlan, to make ashamed; 
 Skeat. 
 
 To ESCHEIF, EscHiEF, v. a. V. Escheve. 
 
 ESCHELLIT, Eschellett, s. A small 
 
 hand-bell or clapper, such as was used 
 
 by lepers. 0. Fr. eschellette. 
 
 This term was left undefined by Jamieson, and the 
 suggestion he made regarding its meaning is certainly 
 wrong. The meaning now given renders the passages 
 quoted in the Dicr. clear and intelligible. 
 
ESC 
 
 [108] 
 
 EWO 
 
 0. Fr. eschellette, "a little hand-bell, such as Cryers 
 vse ; " Cotgr, It is a dimin. of O. Fr. eschiele, eschelle, 
 a little bell ; Burguy : or, as Cotgrave gives it, of 
 eschalle^ "a little ringing or tinging bell." 
 
 ESCHET, EscHETE, Eschetit, part. pt. 
 Escheated, forfeited ; Accts. L. H. Treas., 
 I. 10, 67, Burgh Recs. 
 
 Eschet, Eschete, Eshet, s. Forfeiture, 
 
 Compl, Scot., p. 133, E. E. T. S. ; forfeit ; 
 
 pi. eschetis, eschaetis, forfeited goods, Accts. 
 
 L. H. Treas., I. 11, Dickson : es/iet, Burgh 
 
 Recs. Aberd., I. 436. 
 
 0. Fr. eschet, p. p. of escheoir, to fall out, to fall or 
 come unto ; Cotgr. 
 
 ESHUED, pret. and part. pt. Shunned. V. 
 
 ESCHEVE. 
 
 ESIE, EsiEST. V. under Ease. 
 
 ESPOSIT, EssPOSiT, part. pt. Promised, 
 pledged, bound hy promise or agreement. 
 Another form is asposit, q. v. 
 
 " . . . and geyf it hapnys the sayd Jonot to byg 
 thar land that John sal suple tharto has he is essposit. " 
 Burgh Recs. Peebles, p. 118, Rec. Soc. 
 
 0. Fr. esposer, to espouse, in the sense in \^hich it 
 is used in the phrase 'to espouse a cause,' i.e., to be- 
 come pledged to follow or support it. Burguy gives 
 the forms esposer, espuser, espouser, from Lat. sponsare, 
 to pledge oneself, to become surety. The form asposit, 
 which is more common in our Burgh Records, is found 
 in almost every engagement of a new chaplain by the 
 magistrates ; he is to perform certain stated duties as 
 he is asposit, i.e., bound by his agreement or promise, 
 pledged to do. Jamieson's definition of the term is 
 thus defective. 
 
 Dessposit is used in exactly the same sense and cir- 
 cumstances in Burgh Recs. Peebles, 15 Feb., 1476. 
 
 ESPYNE, s. A long-boat. V. Asptne. 
 
 ESS, s. Ease. V. Ease. 
 
 To ET, Ete, v. a. To eat ; pret. et, ete, ett^ 
 eyt, eyte, Barbour, ii. 495, iii. 539, vii. 169 ; 
 part. pt. etin, etyn, Ibid., vii. 170. 
 
 To ETHER, Edder, v. a. To rope a stack 
 of grain, &c. V. DiCT. 
 
 The defin. of this term in DiCT. is correct, but the 
 etjnn. is wrong. There is no such word as heatherian 
 in A.-S. The verb is derived from the s. ether, A.-S. 
 edor, a fence, enclosure, &c. V. Eth£RINS. 
 
 EUR, Vre, 8. Ore. V. Ure. 
 
 EUUSE, Evuse, Ewuse, adj. and adv. 
 
 Forms of ewous, near, contiguous, q. v. 
 
 These forms occur in the same record, and all are 
 misprinted with n for u. V. under Ewous. 
 
 To E VANCE, V. a. To advance, forward, 
 
 in the sense of paying, lending, or sending 
 
 money. 
 
 " [The bailies and council] ordane James Ros . . . 
 to evance euery ane of thame the sowme of xxvj li. for 
 fulfilling of thjvir promys maid to my said Lord Regent- 
 tis Grace," etc. Burgh Recs. Edin., 1 July, 1575. 
 
 EVER, s. V. EvouR, EuouR. 
 
 EVIN, EwiN, EwYX, Eix, Eex, adj. Even, 
 smooth, level, straight, equal ; of equal 
 rank, vs^orth, or ability. 
 
 EviN, EvYN, EwYN, adv. Evenly; level, 
 in a level position ; in a line with, on equal 
 terms or footing, all alike, straight. 
 
 To EviN, EwiN, EwYN, EiN, Eex, v. a. 1. 
 To even, equal, match, mate ; as, " Ne'er 
 a man'll evin till her ; " part, pt., evindy 
 eend, eind. 
 
 2. To direct, speak of, charge, or lay to one's 
 charge ; as, " Sic a thing was never eind to ' 
 him," i.e., intended for, hinted to, or attri- 
 buted to him. Addit. to Even, q. v. 
 
 E\TXIXG, Ewyxxixg, s. Evening, levelling ; 
 the act of levelling. 
 
 ". . consentit to the eivynning of thair Castelhill, 
 and yking the same about. " Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 
 i. 110, Sp. C. 
 
 A.-S. efen, euen, even, level; M. E. eue». 
 
 EVIN, EvYN, EwiN, EwYN, s. Eve, even- 
 ing, eventide; Barbour. 1. 106, xvii. 335, 
 xix. 719. Een, and ein are also used. 
 A.-S. cefen. 
 
 EWEST, superl. Nearest. En-at. in DiCT. 
 V. under Ewous. 
 
 EWIL-CRUIK, s. A corr. of aval-crook, also 
 
 pron. aical-cruik, and havil-cruik : lit. a 
 
 lowering crook, or crook for lowering a 
 
 pot suspended over the fire. It consists of 
 
 a set of links or rings and a small movable 
 
 hook. 
 
 " . . ane taingis, ane eioil cruik, ane pair of pot 
 bulls," &c. Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 336, Sp. C. 
 Fr. avaler, to lower or let down. 
 
 EWIS, s. Advice, counsel. V. Auise. 
 
 " . . dekin of the wobstairis by eivis and consent 
 of the haill craft." Burgh Recs. Peebles, 30 Sept. 
 1566. 
 
 EWOUS, Euous, EuusE, Evuse, E^^^SE, adj. 
 and adv. Near, close, contiguous : compar. 
 mair eioous ; superl. ewest, maist ewous. 
 
 " . . being committit to ewous andnar this burgh." 
 Biirgh Recs. Aberdeen, II. 82, Sp. C. 
 
 " . . houssis callit the townis boussis, . . and 
 that maist ewous to the tolbuith." Ibid., p. 120. 
 
 " . . one of your landis Hand mair evuse to ws, or 
 interchange the saidis landis with wtheris haiffand 
 landis liand mair cwuse to ws." Ibid., I. 117. 
 
 The form maist eioest, which frequently occurs in 
 Burgh Records, Charters, etc., is really a double 
 superlative ; and prob. it was this form which misled 
 Jamieson to adopt ewest as the primary adj. He cer- 
 tainly knew that e vest was used, as it still is, in the 
 sense of nearest, next, (V. note) ; but perhaps he had 
 not found the simpler form ewous, or had taken it to be 
 a corr. of eweat. 
 
 I 
 
EXC 
 
 [109] 
 
 FAD 
 
 Perhaps eivous is a corr. oineivous; cf. A.-S. neawist, 
 neighbourhood, nearness, and Prov. E. newstness, near- 
 ness. 
 
 EXCEPAND, part, and prep. Excepting, 
 except ; Corapl. Scot., p. 95, E. E. T. S. 
 
 To EXCERCE, v. a. V. Exerce. 
 
 EXECUTION, ExEcuciouN, s. As a law 
 term implies carrying out or causing to take 
 effect ; hence, the execucioun of a summons 
 is the serving of it ; Accts. L. H. Treas. i. 
 239. 
 
 To EXEME, ExEMPNE, v. a. To examine, 
 prosecute, sit in judgment on, test or try ; 
 Lyndsay, Kitteis Confessioun, 1. 7. Addit. 
 
 to EXAME, EXEM. 
 
 For quhill he gadderis and growls riche, 
 He settis you to exeme sum wiche. 
 
 Jiob Stene's Dream p. 19. 
 This peculiar form of examine appears to have been 
 pren. exame or exem ; as it is made to rhyme with 
 game, which prob, was then, as now, pron. gem (g 
 hard). 
 
 EXEQUIES, s. Funeral rites or services, 
 burial; Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. xi. 16. 
 
 EXERCITIOUN, s. Diligence, constant 
 careful practice ; Lyndsay, Thrie Estaitis, 
 1. 3339. Addit. to Exercitioun. 
 
 EXIES, s. The same as axies, axis, an 
 attack of sickness, q. v. 
 
 M. E. axes, 0. Fr. acces, Lafc. accessus, an attack ; as 
 in accesfsus febris, a febrile attack, which Cotgrave 
 renders by "access dejiebure, a fit of an ague." 
 
 EXINTERATION, s. Disemboweling. V. 
 
 DiSINTRICATION. 
 
 To EXPONE, V. a. To lay out, expend, 
 bestow ; part. pt. exponit. Lat. exponere. 
 
 " . . the mony and proflFeit of the said land . . 
 nocht to be exponit in othir vssis." Burgh Recs. Aber- 
 deen, i. 118, Sp. C. 
 
 EXTENTAR, s. V. Extentour. 
 
 EXTRET, ExTRETE, Exstreit, Extreyt, 
 s. The certified lists of the compositions, 
 fines, etc., levied at the justice-aires ; Accts. 
 L. H. Treas., i. 316, 217, 113, 201: also, 
 the money so levied. Ibid. i. 316, Dickson. 
 Low Lat. extractus, an extract, record, statement, 
 
 EYRD, s. Earth. V. Eird, Erd. 
 
 EYRIT, part. pt. Ploughed, Douglas, Virgil, 
 xii. ch. 9. 
 
 F 
 
 FABULATOUR, s. Reader or reciter, 
 
 story-teller. Lat. fabulator. 
 
 " . . . that ilk class [of scholars] find onlie ane 
 candill in the nicht, and he that happinnis to be 
 /abulatom- to bring his candill with him." Rules for 
 Grammar School of Aberdeen, Burgh Recs., 24 Oct., 
 1604, Sp. C. 
 
 FABURDOX, s. Full-part song or har- 
 mony. Addit. to Faburdon, q. v. 
 
 Under Bourdon, in Littre abrege par Beaujean, the 
 the term is thus defined: — " Fauxbourdon, musique 
 dont toutes les parties se chantent note contre note." 
 
 FACELESS, adj. Timorous, cowardly ; 
 v^ithout heart or courage. 
 
 Thair land, thair honour, and triumphand fame 
 
 Salbe disperst in dispyte of Inuy, 
 Quhen faceless fuillis sail not be settin by. 
 
 • Semxiill Ballates, p. 30. 
 
 FACHALOS, s. A night's lodging and 
 entertainment: the duty of entertaining 
 for a night a messenger of the king, chief, 
 or superior. 
 
 Skene in his Celtic Scotland, Vol. III., p, 234, 
 defines it as " probably the Irish ' Fechtfele,' which is 
 explained as 'the first night's entertainment we 
 receive at each other's house. ' " It was a tax or 
 
 burden on lands in Galloway held under the King. 
 A different but less satisfactory explanation is given 
 by Cosmo Innes in Legal Antiquities, p. 70. 
 
 FADE, Faid, s. a leader, guide ; applied 
 to the chief or director in games, sports, &c. 
 Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 "For euen as in a sea-fairing flot, the formest by 
 saile doth fuir before with lantern and flag, as fade 
 whom the rest should follow." Blame of Kirkburiall, 
 ch. 16. 
 
 A.-S. fadian, to set in order, arrange, direct. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson was quite astray regarding the mean- 
 ing and etym. of this word ; and his mistakes have 
 been repeated by Mr. Small in his Gloss, to Douglas. 
 The word was not uncommon in the West of S. some 
 years ago, and may still be used. 
 
 FADER -HALF, Fadyr-half, s. Lit. 
 father's-half, father's side. 
 
 ". . . his heritage sal be in yemsell of his frendis 
 on the fadyr-half till the leill elde of the ayre." 
 Burgh La wis, ch. 98, Rec. Soc. 
 
 FADMELL, Fodmell, s. A weight or mass 
 
 of lead equal to 70 lbs. 
 
 Prob. the bar of lead was so called because it 
 measured a foot in length. Dan. fod, a foot, and 
 maul, a measure. 
 
 ~ OF THK '^ ^\ 
 
 UNIVERSITY J 
 
FAI 
 
 [110] 
 
 FAM 
 
 To FAIK, Fake, v. a. and n. V. Falk. 
 
 The various entries of Faik in Dicr. should have 
 been combined ; for they represent mere varieties of 
 meaning and use. The same variation obtains in the 
 pron. of the common name of the Razorbill. " In the 
 Hebrides this bird is called falk or faik." Neill's 
 Tour, p. 197. 
 
 FAILYEIT, adj. Infirm, broken-down in 
 body or mind ; as, " ane aid failyeit preist," 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 324. Fr. faillir. 
 V. Failye. 
 
 FAINFU, adj. Affectionate, kind and care- 
 ful, gladsome ; Orkn. 
 Icel. /e;/i?j??, glad. A.-S./aejen. M. E. /ayn. 
 
 To FAIT, V. a. To make, construct, fit ; to 
 
 supply, provide : part. pr. failing. 
 
 " . . . hinging of the said bell and faiting all 
 wark thairto," &c. Burgh Recs. Glasgow, i. 482, 
 Rec. Soc. 
 
 FAKFALLOW, s. Comrade, bosom-friend, 
 boon-companion. V. Faik, Fake. 
 
 Troll By be his maister frakly will ryd, 
 
 And with ane hude on his heid hovis him besyd ; 
 
 Cheik for cheik also and fak/alloio lyk, 
 
 And with ane quarrell to riche and to pure ay reddy to 
 
 pyk. 
 Mr/ne Ordour o/Knavis, Bann. MS., p. 446, Hunt. Soc. 
 
 FAKIN, part. pr. Wanting. V. Faik. 
 
 FALCON, Falcoune, Falcown, s. The 
 name of a small cannon carrying shot of 
 about '2\ lbs. weight ; Burgh Recs. Aberd., 
 I. 253. 
 
 To FALD, V. a. To fold, double, turn down, 
 fold up ; as " to fald the claes." Addit. to 
 Fald. 
 
 Faldit, part, and adj. Folded, doubled, 
 closed, shut; as, "wi' doors faldit" i.e. 
 shut ; faldit neijis, closed fists. Burgh 
 Recs., Glasgow, I. 145, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Faldix-Bed, s. a bed constructed so that 
 it may be folded up when not in use, and 
 set aside like a chest or press. 
 
 To FALK, Faik, Fake. 1. As a v. a., to 
 
 lower, diminish, abate, deduct, halt, fold, 
 
 compress ; part. pt. falkyte, deducted, Accts. 
 
 L. H. Treas., 1. 245 ; pret. faikit, as, " My 
 
 feet has never faikit," i.e., halted. 
 
 "Thar sal be chosin four discrete persounes to 
 falk the tax of men that has tholit skath oft." Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, 18 Feb., 1445. 
 
 2. As a V. n., to fall short, to be lacking or 
 
 defective ; to fail, droop, wither. Addit. to 
 
 Faik. 
 
 " Xa," quod the Taid, " that proverb is not trew"; 
 For fair thingis oftymis ar fundin/atX-yw." 
 
 Henrysmi, Paddok and Moics, L 58. 
 
 L. Lat. falcare, to cut or lop with a sickle : from 
 Lat. falx, a sickle. V. under Faik. 
 
 FALL, Fa', Faw, s. Short for fall-trap, 
 faiv-trap ; and applied to any kind of trap 
 for catching animals. Addit. to Fall. 
 
 Fall-Trap, s. A trap which encloses by the 
 falling of a movable slip or cover ; a mouse- 
 trap, rat-trap, &c. 
 
 I haif housis anew of greit defence ; 
 Of cat nor fall-trap I haif na dreid. 
 Henryson, Uplandis Moits and Burges Mous, 1. 90. 
 
 Fall-trap became shortened to fall, fa\ or faw, 
 which by-and-bye came to mean a trap, and to be 
 applied to any kind of trap. Hence any kind of 
 mouse-trap is still called a mome-faw ; of rat-trap, 
 ratton-faw, &c. 
 
 To FALOW, Fallow, v. a. To mate, 
 match, associate, connect, unite. Addit. to 
 Falow. 
 
 It passis fer all kynd of pestilence, 
 Ane wickit mynd with wordis fair and sle ; 
 Be war thairfoir with quliom thow faJlowis thee. 
 Henryson, Paddok and AIous, 1. 138. 
 
 Falowship, Falouschip, Faloschip, S. 
 Fellowship, society ; partner, owner. V. 
 Falow. 
 
 The use of this term in the latter sense is very old. 
 An example occurs in the Custuma Portuum, ch. 1, in 
 a passage stating the custom to be paid by a ship 
 loaded with grain. 
 
 "And gifif the corne or ony vthyr be of syndry 
 faloschippys [i.e., belong to different owners] ilk 
 faloschip sal gyf ij boUis of the best," &c. 
 
 To FALT, Faut, Faute. 1. As a v. «., 
 
 to fail, err, do wrong, offend against the law. 
 
 "And gif he faltis twyia he sail be chastyte twyis 
 f or his f orfaute. " Burgh La wis, ch. 19, Rec. Soc. 
 
 2. As a V. a., to lack, be destitute of ; as, " to 
 fait the fode." Awntyrs of Arthur, st. 25. 
 
 3. To find fault with, accuse ; also, to find 
 guilty of fault or wrong-doing. 
 
 Fait is properly to fall short of what is right and 
 lawful ; for/alt, to do contrary to right or law, to 
 transgress. 
 
 The various entries of Fait and Faut in Dicr. should 
 have been thus combined. Several additions are here 
 given. 
 
 To FALYE, V. n. To fail. V. Failye. 
 
 FAMILIARE, Famelyar, adj. Belonging 
 to one's familia or household ; household, 
 family : not confidential (as usually ex- 
 plained). Addit. to Familiar. 
 
 Jamieson adopted the definition generally given, 
 which is wrong. The word occurs often in our Burgh 
 Recs., and always with the meaning given above. For 
 example : — 
 
 " the said Sir Thomas Kenedy was 
 
 in the kyngis respit at the byschop of Sanct Androis 
 .has of the kyngis as famelyar tyl him." Burgh 
 Recs. Peebles, 9 June, 1460. 
 
 " Wit ye ws to haif takin vnder oure speciale main- 
 
 teinance oure louittis all the 
 
 merchandis and inhabitantis of oure burgh of Peblis 
 and the fredome thairof, and all and sindry thair 
 landis, rentis, possession us, corne. 
 
FAM 
 
 [111] 
 
 FAY 
 
 catall, familiare servandis, factoure^, procuratouris, 
 
 and all and sindry thar gudis," &c. 
 
 Charter of James IV. in 1509, Recs. of Peebles, p. 42, 
 Rec. Soc. 
 
 FAMULIT, pret. Stammered, stuttered : 
 
 hence, '■'■famulit Mr facultie^^ mumbled 
 
 over her iitterance. Addit. to Famulit. 
 
 Dan. famle, to hesitate, falter. Jamieson's first 
 etym. is wrong, 
 
 FAN, s. A wreath or drift of snow; Orkn. 
 
 That whiqh has been fanned or drifted by the wind. 
 Lat. tvannus, a fan. Cf. Fr, van. 
 
 FAN, Fan', pret. Pron. of faiiif, found. 
 
 He fan Death's fearfu' grapple-airns, 
 All' that he cou'dna free them. 
 
 A lex. Wilson's Poems, p. 43, ed. ] 876. 
 
 Fand, Fant. Represents the pron. of fund 
 
 it, found it ; as, "He socht it till he fand 
 
 out." 
 
 Fand is the result of softening t in fari't, which is 
 short iorfand it. There is a large number of similar 
 forms, as bede for be it, dude for do it, said for say it, 
 paid for pay it, &c . 
 
 FANGAR, s. Catcher ; as in fisch-fangar, 
 fish-catcher, Houlate, 1. 181. V. Fang, v. 
 
 FANT, adj. Faint, weak-hearted, timorous; 
 " nothir febill nor fant," Dunbar, Tua 
 Marriit Wemen, 1. 86. M. E. feint. 
 0. Fr. feint, p. p. oi/eindre, to feign. 
 
 FAREFOLKIS, s. pi. V. Dict. 
 
 Regarding the etym. oi fairy, all the opinions quoted 
 by Jamieson are wrong except the last one, viz., O.Fr. 
 faerie, enchantment. The proper word for a fairy or 
 elf is/ay, from Lat. fatum. V, Skeat's Etym. Dict. 
 
 FARNE, part. pt. A form of faren, fared. 
 Dunbar, Mariit Wemen. V. Fair. 
 A.-S. faran, to go ; pp. faren. 
 
 FARROW, Faery, Farra, adj. Applied 
 only to cows : as, a farrow-oow, one that 
 gives milk during the winter. V. Ferry- 
 Cow, FoRROW-Cow. 
 
 FAS, Fasse, s. a tuft, lock, curl, knop, 
 drop, tassel, fringe ; pi. fassis, edging, 
 fringes, tassels, Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 22, 
 228^ Addit. to Fas, Fassis. 
 
 A.-S. fees, a fringe, hem. 
 
 FASE, Fass, adj. False. Y. Fause. 
 
 Fasly, adv. Falsely; Dunbar, Bann. MS., 
 p. 161, 1. 27, Hunt. Soc. 
 
 FASTENING, s. V. Fesnyng, Festy- 
 
 NANCE. 
 
 FAT, Fate, Fatt, s. A vat, tub, Accts. L. 
 H. Treas., I. 30. Addit. to Fat. 
 
 A.-S. fat, a vat. 
 
 FATGUDE, s. A tax levied in Orkney and 
 Shetland : the term used for the quantity 
 of butter or oil paid to the superior. 
 
 " Fatgude, a term used in Zetland for the butter or 
 oil paid to the Donatary." Balfour, Odal Rights and 
 Feudal Wrongs, p. 114. 
 
 FAULD, s. 1. The open field, meadow, 
 pasture. V. Faulds. 
 
 By firth, forrest, or fauld. 
 
 Henryson , Rohene and Makyne, 1. 96, 
 
 2. A fold, sheep-fold ; also, the flock folded, 
 
 as in the fine song of Ramsay, "The Wau- 
 
 kin o' the Fauld." 
 
 " The waukin o' the faidd" is the night-watch that 
 is kept at the ewe-bughts or fold to prevent the weaned 
 Iambs from getting back to their dams. 
 
 FAUSE, adj. Sleekit, sly, double; Orkn. 
 Addit. to Fause, 
 
 To FACT, Faute, Fawte, v. a. and n. 
 V. Fait. 
 
 Fautie, Fauty, adj. Faulty, wrong-doing, 
 
 guilty ; Burgh Recs. Prestwick, p. 18 : also 
 
 used as a s. 
 
 "And by all meanes compell and reproue the fautie 
 and vicious ; " etc. Conf. of Faith of Swiss Churches, 
 p. 18, Wodrow Soc. Misc. 
 
 Fautifu, adj. Fault-finding; difficult to 
 please ; Orkn. 
 O. Fr. fautier, faultif, faulty, blame- worthy ; Cotgr. 
 
 FAVELLIS, s. 2)1 Errat. in Dict. for Fovel- 
 lis, q. V. 
 
 FAVOROUS, Fauorous, adj. Pleasant, 
 delightful, kindly; Court of Venus, i. 591, 
 ii. 712 : also, comely, becoming, Ibid., 
 iv. 110. 
 
 FAWD, s. A fold. V. Fauld. 
 
 FAWIN-ILL, s. The falhng sickness, epil- 
 epsy. V. Faw. 
 
 Fluxis, hyvis, or huttit ill. 
 Hoist, heidwark, or fawin ill. 
 Roiolis Cursiny, Bann. MS., p. 300, Hunt. Soc. 
 
 FAX, s. Hair of the head, locks. Errat. in 
 Dict. A.-S. feax, id. 
 
 Jamieson's mistakes regarding the meaning and the 
 etymology of this term have unfortunately been 
 repeated in the Gloss, to Small's ed. of Douglas, and 
 in the Gloss, to The Court of Venus, S. T. Soc. 
 
 FAY, s. Deed, conduct, life. Fr. fait, from 
 Lat. factum. 
 
 Be thow atteichit with thift or with tressoun, 
 For thy misdeid wrangous and wickit fay. 
 
 Henryson, Pari, of Beistis, 1. 184. 
 
 Prof. Skeat suggests that fay may here mean faith, 
 belief . Fr. foi, Anglo-Fr. fei, fey. If so, ivickit fay 
 may be rendered false belief : cf. Chaucer, Clerkes 
 Prologue, 1. 9. 
 
 i 
 
FAY 
 
 [112] 
 
 FEL 
 
 FAYAND, pret. A vulgar pron of faynd^ 
 made shift, found means : which is the 
 pret. of fayn^ fen, the common pron. of 
 faynd, fend, to make shift, find means. V. 
 Faynd, Fend. 
 
 Quhilk otifayand with forss his fa till offend. 
 
 Hoxdcde, 1. 593, Bann. MS. 
 
 Asloan MS. has/anrfj<. 
 
 To FAYT, V. a. To pretend. Addit. to 
 
 Fayt, q. V. 
 
 Not defined in Dict. The term is formed from the 
 s. faitor (a pretender), which is the 0. Fr. form of Lat. 
 ace. factorem : M. E. faitour. 
 
 FEACHT, s. An expedition, foray: feacht 
 and sluaged, expedition and hosting, the 
 right or duty of the tribal members to 
 follow their chief to foray and war; 
 Skene's Celtic Scotland, III. 234. 
 
 Gael, feaclid, an army, host, levy; M'Leod and 
 Dewar. 
 
 FEAL, Feel, adj. Faithful, honest; lit. 
 true to one's pledge or promise. O. Fr. 
 feal, from Lat. jidelis. Addit. to Feale. 
 
 ' ' That he will be leel and feel to our Lord the King, 
 and to the community of that burgh in which he is 
 made burgess." Oath of a Burgess. 
 
 In the original Latin form of the oath the words leel 
 and feel are in the vernacular. 
 
 Feal, Feall, adv. Faithfully, Corshill 
 Baron Court Book, Ayr and Wigtown Arch. 
 Coll., IV., 221. 
 
 To FEARD, V. a. To adorn, Bl. of Kirk., 
 
 ch. 7. V. Fard. 
 FEARD, Feird, Ferd. 1. Coll. forms of 
 
 fear it ; as, " The law, he winna feard." 
 
 2. Afraid, frightened, terrified ; as, " Dinna 
 be feard" 
 
 FEAT, Fete, Fett, adj. and adv. Neat, 
 smart, becoming, well done : also, neatly, 
 becomingly, nobly, Houlate, 1. 518. 
 
 Feated, part, and adj. Fitted, adapted, 
 suited. V. Feat. 
 
 " . . . better /ea^ed for wowing nor woiug, that 
 heires or widowes never dallies more nor vnder their 
 duilles." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 7. 
 
 Featly, Featlte, adv. Fitly, fittingly, suit- 
 ably ; Bl. of Kirk., ch. 3; also, neatly, 
 gracefully, as, " She dances aye sa featly." 
 Fr. fait, from which comes "E.feat, a deed well done. 
 
 FECHAR, Feshar, Fisher, s. One who 
 fetches, brings, cames, or conveys ; as, 
 " the fecharis of the said victualis." Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, I. 264. V. Fech. 
 
 To FECHT Wr NOWT. To take part in 
 a bull-fight, or to be present at one. 
 
 Or by Madrid he taks the rout, 
 
 To thrum guitars, ^u' feckt wi' nmot. 
 
 Burns, Tioa Dogs. 
 
 FEDRAM, s. Feathers, plumage. V. Fed- 
 derame. 
 
 FEE, s. Fief. Lat. feodum. V. Fe. 
 
 To FEEL, Feil, Fele, v. a. To perceive 
 by the sense of taste, or of smell ; to taste, 
 to smell ; as, " Don't you feel the bitter 
 flavour of the orange ; " "I can't feel the 
 scent at all." 
 
 The Foxe the flewar of the fresche herring feillis. 
 
 Henry son. Wolf, Foxe, and Cadgear, 1. 80. 
 
 To FEEM, Feme, v. n. To gush, pour, 
 stream; West of S., Orkn. Y. Feim, 
 Fame. 
 
 . while sa't tears /ee?;i 
 Sae sair fae baith his een. 
 
 Dennison, Orcadian Sketch Book. 
 
 Ferned^ in the sense of foamed, occurs in the Green 
 Knight. See Gloss. Gawayne Romances. 
 
 To FEIFFLE, Fiffle, v. n. To work in a 
 clumsy or foolish manner; Orkn. Similar 
 to FuFFLE, q. V. lce\. ffl, fyfl, a fool. • 
 
 Feifflan, Fifflin, adj. Clumsy ; Orkn. 
 
 FEIR, s. The rate or average of prices : 
 the written engagement or terms of en- 
 gagement of a servant ; and when it relates 
 to a public servant, it is sometimes called 
 " the act of feir," Burgh Recs. Glasgow, I. 
 65. V. Feiris, Fiars. 
 
 This term most commonly means the average price 
 of grain during one year ; and the pi. feiris, or fiars, is 
 still used in that sense only. 
 
 Under Fiars Jamieson first accepts and afterwards 
 rejects the correct etym. of this term, which is O. Fr. 
 feiir, a rate or price set on a thing : Lat. forum. 
 
 FEITHO, s. A polecat, Henryson. V. 
 
 FiTHOWE. 
 
 FELDIFAIR, s. Lit. feld-farer, i.e. one who 
 lodges in the fields, a tramp, wanderer, 
 outcast. 
 
 Quod he, Madame, I sane the day and hour. 
 Ye wald haif thollit me to by id in your Bour. 
 (Quod scho) that is past, gude nicht now feldifair, 
 Fair on fond fuill, thow gettis heir no fauour : 
 Thow art no Page for to do vs plesour. 
 
 Rolland, Court of Venus, iv. 718. 
 The bird named the Red-Shank or Fieldfare, is 
 generally called the Feltifare. In adopting the term 
 here Rolland perhaps plays on the name. 
 
 FELL, adj. Many, very many ; as " Fell of 
 the fals folk," Houlate, 1. 522. V. Feil. 
 
 This word is still used both as an adj. and an adv. 
 V. Fell. 
 
 To FELL, v. a. To let fall, lower ; hence, 
 to abate, deduct, as in price or payment. 
 Addit. to Fell. 
 
FEL 
 
 [113] 
 
 FER 
 
 The definition given in DiCT. is secondary and defect- 
 ive ; the etym., however, is correct ; but A.-S. /ellan, 
 to make to fall, cast down, is perhaps more direct. 
 
 Felling, part, and s. Lowering, down-bring- 
 iiio; : abatement, deduction. 
 
 "Also, if any one buy . . merchandise, and give 
 God's penny or any silver in arles, he shall pay to the 
 merchant from whom he bought the said merchandise 
 according to the rate before agreed upon without /eZ^ 
 ing or herlebreaking. " La wis of the Gild, ch. 27, Rec. 
 Soc. 
 
 Fellit, pret. Knocked down, overthrown, 
 killed, Houlatc, I 511. E. felled. 
 
 To FELYE, Felyie, v. n. V. Failyie. 
 
 FENCE, Fens, s. An arrestment for debt ; 
 a prohibition. Addit. to Fence. 
 
 " . . . for the lousen of &ne fence mad be Sande 
 Knycht in the handis of Riche Finlay of ane payr of 
 hoys." Burgh Recs. Prestwiek, 2 June, 1544, Mait. C. 
 
 To Fence, Fens, v. a. To poind or arrest 
 for debt ; to prohibit by law; pret. and part, 
 pt. fencet, fencit, fensit. Addit. to Fence. 
 
 " . . . he hes causit fens and put under arreist- 
 ment certane victuall." Burgh Recs. Prestwiek, p. 
 145, Mait. C. 
 
 " . . . for this geyr quhilk wa,a fencet in his hand 
 be Jhone Ondirwood officer." Ibid., 20 Nov., 1570. 
 
 ". . , bot to fens the same fra doing thairof." 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 6 Aug., 1596, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Fence is simply a shortened form of defence. V. 
 
 DiCT. 
 
 FENIS, V. pres. t. Feigns. V. Fenye. 
 
 FEPPIL, V. and s. V. Fippil. 
 
 FERDIN, Ferding, Ferdyne, s. 1. A 
 fourth part; Accts. L. H, Treas., I. 25, 335. 
 V. Ferd, 
 
 2. Prob. the quartering of a town or burgh, 
 
 i.e. the dividing of it into quarters for the 
 
 purpose of rating the inhabitants for taxes : 
 
 "the keeping of the ferdyne" the keeping of 
 
 the rolls of tiie quarters. 
 
 ". . . the said Schir Walter sal haf of the towne 
 the keping of the ferdyne, and twa merks yeirlie thar- 
 for, . . . the twa merkis yeirlie for the keping of 
 the ferding to be pait to the said Schir Walter," &c. 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 13 Jan., 1484. 
 
 Ferdingman, s. V. Ferihingman. 
 
 FERE, adj. Fere, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Delete first entry, and set quotation under the second, 
 as fere certainly means companion, mate. \ . Gloss. 
 Kingis Quair, Skeat's ed. Under second entry, in 
 para, of etym., delete all after the third sentence : the 
 statements are mere fancies, and wrong. 
 
 FERE, Feir, s. Fear, doubt, hesitation, un- 
 certainty. Addit. to Fere, q. v. 
 
 This term was not defined in Dict., but Jamiesou 
 suggested the correct meaning. Small's ed. of Douglas 
 rtads fere, fear ; hence, "in manere fere'' implies in 
 doubt, uncertain. 
 
 (Sup.) P 
 
 FERIAR, Feryar, s. A ferryman, Accts. 
 L. H. Treas., I. 275, 334. 
 
 To FERK, FiRK, V. n. To proceed, drive on ; 
 as in walking, riding, working. Hence, to 
 strive, struggle ; also, to hitch or move 
 about in a restless, jerking manner; Orkn. 
 
 'H^ ferkicd, in the am'ers sae, 
 That a' his folk began tae prae, 
 And teiik him for the Gyre. 
 
 Dennison, Orcadian Sketch Book. 
 
 This term occurs in the Gawayne Romances, and is 
 rendered " to proceed, ride," in the Gloss. 
 
 Ferky, Firky, adj. Pushing, plodding, hard- 
 working ; resolute, determined ; West of S. 
 
 FERM, adj. Firm, fast, constant ; Frag- 
 ments of Old Laws, ch. 29, Burgh Rec. Soc. 
 
 To FERME, V. a. Short for afferme, to 
 affirm, declare, testify ; as ferm.es anew, as 
 many persons affirm, Houlate, 1. 525. 
 Addit. to Ferme, q. v. 
 
 FERMOUR, Fermoe, Fermar, s. A tenant; 
 one holding at a yearly ferme or rent ; a 
 tacksman of public taxes or customs. Addit. 
 to Fermorer. 
 
 "A fewfermar may nocht mak a fermour of ony 
 lande, bot it be first gevin vp to the first ourlord and 
 he sal mak hiva. fermour or malor, and than at the first 
 Vsi^t fermour sal haf the fredome of the burgh, for ij 
 men bath at anis and to gidder may nocht haf it of the 
 samyn burrouagis." Fragments of Old Laws, ch. II, 
 Rec. Soc. 
 
 FERMYSON, Fermysone, Firmysoun, s. 
 The season when male deer were not 
 allowed to be killed ; Awntyrs of Arthur, 
 St. 1. 
 
 Cowel and Blount define fermison as the winter 
 season of killing deer ; but, as is indicated in the open- 
 ing of the Awntyrs of Arthur, only females were then 
 killed, and in Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight 11. 
 1156-7 we are told — 
 
 For the fre lorde had defende in fermysoun tyme 
 That thair schulde no mon mene to the male dere. 
 
 L. Lat. ^rmrt^io, privilege, protection; hence ^rma- 
 tionis tempus, the close season for males, was also called 
 
 the doe season. 
 
 FERRY-LOUPER, 5. The name given by 
 the peasantry of Orkney to a settler or in- 
 comer : one who has crossed from the main- 
 land. 
 
 FERS, s. Errat. in DiCT. for FoRS, q. v.- 
 
 This is a mistake in Tytler's ed. Laing's ed. of 
 Henryson reads force. 
 
 FERTER, s. A contr. form of Feretere, a 
 bier, q. v. 
 
 Ferter-Like, adj. Fit for one's coffin ; in 
 modern phrase, at death's door, like a 
 ghost. Errat. in DiCT. 
 While Jamiesou adopted the meaning given in the 
 
FER 
 
 [114] 
 
 FIR 
 
 Gloss, to Poems in the Buclian Dialect, he confessed 
 his dissatisfaction with it, and suggested the correct 
 one. 
 
 FERTHING-MAN, Faethingman, Fer- 
 DiNGMAN, Fardingman, s. All officer or 
 magistrate of a burgh haAing charge of a 
 quarter; the modern bailie. Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 FEST, adj. Fast, firm, steadfast, true ; as, 
 in the expression, "/asf friends." 
 
 That was the Turture trewest, 
 Ferme, faithfull and/es<, 
 That bure that oifice honest. 
 
 Hoidate, 1. 128. 
 A.-S. fcest, Dan. and Swed. fast, fast, steadfast. 
 
 FETE, Fett, adj. and adv. V. Feat. 
 
 To FETER, V. a. To fetter, to fasten, fix, 
 
 hold : part. pt. fetrit, fastened, held close. 
 
 Thair mantillis grein war as the greis that grew in May 
 
 sessoun, 
 Fetrit with thair quhji; fingaris about thair fair sydis. 
 Dunbar, Tica Marriit Wemen, 1. 25. 
 
 Lit. to fasten by the feet ; hence the phrase to lay 
 one by the heels. A.-S. fetor, a shackle : M. E.feter. 
 
 FETHT, pa7't. pt. Infeft : represents the 
 
 common pron. of Feft, q. v. 
 
 *' . . . quhilk deyit /etht & sessyt of tuay rud of 
 mos." Burgh Eecs. Prestwick, 2 Dec, 1563, Mait. C. 
 
 FETHREME, s. Feathers, plumage. V. 
 Fedderame. 
 
 FETTILLIE, adj. With vigour, skill, or 
 ability: dexterously. V. Fettle. 
 
 And bolliflaucht h\\\ fettillie thame flaid. 
 
 Henryson, Paddok and Mous, 1. 128. 
 
 FEWTIR, Fewtire, Feuter, Feutre, s. 
 The rest for the spear or lance : in fewtir^ 
 in rest; hest in fexotir, set in rest, couched, 
 Rauf Coilyear, st. 63. Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 Jamieson's defin. and etym. of this term are quite 
 ■wrong, as Sir F. Madden pointed out in his ed. of 
 William and the Werwolf. The term occurs not 
 unfrequently in the Morte Arthur, the Gawayue 
 Poems, and Alexander Romances. 
 
 0. Fr. feltre, feutre, fautre, the feutre or spear-rest, 
 a part of a war-saddle ; Burguy. Low Lat. filtrum, 
 feUrum, felt, thick matted stuff. 
 
 FEY, Fee, Fie, adj. V. Dict. 
 
 Under sense 3, Jamieson's statement that Fr./ee, fatal, 
 is from the same source as Sc. /ey, predestined, is a 
 mistake. Fr. fee, ,is from Lat. fatum; Sc. fey is from 
 Icel. feifjr, A.S. fcege, as he states in the same note. 
 Skeat. 
 
 FEYND, Feynt, s. The fiend, devil. V. 
 Fient. 
 
 The expressions "Jeynd mak care," and "feynd may 
 care " are still in common use ; and, while they differ 
 in but one letter, they have very different meanings. 
 The first is an imprecation that the devil may make or 
 send sorrow, vexation, mischief ; and the second is an 
 expression of light-hearted unconcern regarding conse- 
 quences, or of total disregard of the subject in hand : 
 "the fiend may care, but I don't !" Aa example of 
 
 the use of the first form is found in the Sempill 
 Ballates, p. 76. 
 
 FEYTING, Feytyng, s. Proh. err. for 
 seyting, seytyng, satin : Burgh Recs. Edin., 
 I. 153, 159, Rec. Soc. 
 
 FIALLIS, Fieallis, s. pi. Wages, hire. V. 
 Feale. 
 
 FIERD, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Fierd is probably a firth, Dan. and Nor. fiord : but 
 in this passage it evidently means a ford, passage, and 
 is a corr. form of fiird, faird, A.-S. ford. It prob. 
 represents a vulgar pron. of that term. Jamieson's 
 explanation is misleading. 
 
 FIGONALE, s. A small basket in which 
 figs and other dried fruits are packed : " a 
 jigonale of fruct," Houlate, 1. 833. 
 
 Span._;?^s, Fr.figue, from hsit. ficus, a fig. 
 
 FIGORY, adj. Figured, flowered. Fr. 
 
 Jigure. 
 
 " . . . to purfel a govne to my Lady of blac 
 sa,tynefigory." Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 73, Dickson. 
 
 To FIND, Fin', v. a. To perceive by the 
 
 sense of touch, of taste, or of smell ; as, 
 
 "Do you Jin' ony cauld the day?" "I 
 
 canna Ji7i the taste o't." " I Jin na smell 
 
 ava." 
 
 This use of fijid is common in the North of Eng. 
 also. V. Brockett's Gloss. 
 
 Finding, Fyndyn, part, and s. Procuring, 
 providing : " on his ain finding,'' providing 
 for himself, able to support himself. 
 
 ". . . what tyme he be passit fra his fadre burde 
 till his SLWue/yndyn." Burgh La wis, ch. 14, Rec. Soc. 
 
 FiNDY, adj. Solid, heavy; well-found, as 
 applied to grain vi^hen the ear is well filled. 
 Addit. to Dict. 
 
 Not from the v Jind, as suggested by Jamieson, but 
 horn. A.-S. findig, heavy, firm. 
 
 FIOLD, 5. A hill ; upland pasturage ; Orkn. 
 
 Originally an open down. Y. Fold. In the South 
 of S. and North of E. called a fell ; M. E. fel. Icel. 
 /jail, fell, a hill ; Swed. fjdll, D&n. field, a fell. 
 
 To FIRE, V. a. To cast, throw; as, "to Jire 
 a stone," West of S., Orkn. 
 
 FIRMANCE, Firmans, Firmyn, s. 1. Short 
 for affirmance, affiraiation, ratification or 
 acknowledgement of duty to a superior ; 
 act or deed implying such duty or subjec- 
 tion ; also generally obligation, binding 
 arrangement. Addit. to FiRMANCE. 
 
 " . . that nane neighbour duelland within the said 
 burgh sal mak nm firmans to the said Robert Elect, na 
 yet to nane of his factoris on his behalf." Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, I. 411, Sp. C. 
 
 2. A place of confinement, a prison ; custody. 
 Addit. to FiRMANCE. 
 
FIR 
 
 [115] 
 
 FLE 
 
 " . . . he sail nocht he had ututh the fredome of 
 the burgh, noiithir to castel na til nane otliir firmyn, 
 bot gif it be that he hafe na borowis." Burgh Lawis, 
 ch. 117, Rec. Soc. 
 
 FIRRE, Fyrre, adv. Farther, further; 
 Gawayne Rom. 
 A.-S. fyn-a, comp. oifeor, far. 
 
 FIRRET, s. A ferret, weasel : pi. Jirrettis, 
 
 Assize of Petty Customs, ch. 2, Rec. Soc. 
 
 0. Fr. furet, a ferret ; Cotgr. Low. Lat. furetus. 
 
 FIRY-FARY, .s. V. Ferie-Fauie. 
 
 FISSEIS, s. Chilblains ; Orkn. 
 
 Perhaps from Lat. fissura, a fissure or crack, from 
 fissus, p. p. oifindere, to cleave. 
 
 To FIT, FiTT, FUT, V. a. To adjust or 
 balance an account ; also, to examine, 
 test, or audit accounts : to Jitt and cleir, to 
 balance and settle an account, Burgh 
 Recs. Glasgow, II. 269. 
 
 The Tpa,rt. fitting is frequently used as a s. : as, "the 
 fitting of eques," the balancing of accounts. Icel. and 
 Icel. and 'Norw.fitja, to knit together : M. "Eng. fitten, 
 to arrange. 
 
 FIT-CHAPMAN, Chopman, s. A packman, 
 pedlar; a travelling merchant, one who 
 traverses the country carrying his wares 
 in a pack ; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, II. 54, 
 266, 273, Sp. C. 
 
 FIT-SYDE, adv. On an equal footing; but 
 often used in the sense of quits, avenged, 
 and sometimes like upsides; as, "I'll be 
 fit-side wi' you for that yet : " Burgh Recs. 
 Glasgow, i. 304, Rec. Soc. V. Footside. 
 
 FITHEL, Fythel, Fydill, s. A fiddle, 
 Houlate, 1, 761, Asloan MS. A.-S. /Ithele. 
 
 FiTHELAR, Fythelare, s. A fiddler, Accts. 
 L. H. Treas., I. 326, 274. 
 
 To FLA, Flae, Fley, v. a. To flay, strip 
 off, skin ; pret. Jleio, fiaid, fleyd. 
 
 Ga feche him hither and^a his skyn of swyith. 
 
 Henry son, Wolf and Wedder, 1. 26. 
 
 FLAGH, Flach, Flaw, Flew, pre^. Flew, 
 fled, passed quickly. 
 
 Flaght, Flacht, s. 1. Flight; as, "The 
 rogues Av ere in full ^a^7i^ to the border." 
 
 2. Flash, glare ; a flash of lightning is called 
 a fiaght o fire, or, a fire-fiaght. PI. fiachtis, 
 sparks of fire carried by the wind. Burgh 
 Recs. Glasgow, I. 333. V. Fire-flaucht. 
 
 3. Glance, a momentary view ; as, " I got 
 but Sijlacht o't as it gaed by." 
 
 4. A flight ot birds. V. Flaucht. 
 
 FLAIK, s. The frame, rack, board, or table 
 of a stall erected on market-days to dis- 
 play the dealer's wares : pi. flaikis, Burgh 
 Recs. Glasgow, II. 24, 168. 
 
 FLASCHE, Flass, «. A bunch, slieaf, 
 bundle; "a flasche of flaiiis," i.e., a sheaf 
 of arrows, Henry son, Test. Cresseid, 1. 167. 
 
 FLAT, adj. A term in golfing, applied to a 
 club of which tlie head is at a very obtuse 
 angle to the shaft. 
 
 To FLAWME, V. a. To baste. V. Flame. 
 
 To FLAY, Flae, v. a. To frighten, terrify ; 
 also, to scare, drive away ; West and 
 South of S. V. Fley. 
 
 Fley and fleg are more common forms ; but flay i» 
 the prevalent form in North of E. V. Brockett's 
 Gloss. It occurs in the Townley Mysteries, pp. 30, 
 150. 
 
 FLEID, part. pt. Afraid, terrified. V. under 
 Fley. 
 
 Fleidnes, ."?. Friglit, terror, Henryson. V. 
 Fleyitnes. 
 
 FLEOCK, s. A fly ; Orkn. A dimin. of 
 Flee, q. v. 
 
 To FLESH, Flesch, v. a. To scrape or 
 clean the flesh-side of skins preparatory to 
 tanning or tawing them; part. ^pr. fies king y 
 used also as a s. 
 
 The first process in leather-dressing is steeping the 
 skins or hides in a strong solution of lime in order to 
 swell and harden them. In the next process each 
 skin is stretched on a curved beam, and thorouglily 
 scraped, first on the grain or upper side to rid it of its 
 hair or tufts of wool, then on the flesh or under-side to 
 strip off the particles of fat or flesh adhering to it. 
 The first part of the process is called hairing ; the 
 the second, fieshing ; and both operations are per- 
 formed by means of large curved knives called irons 
 or beaming -knives. 
 
 Fleshing-Buird, Flesching-Buird, s. The 
 large curved beam on which skins or 
 hides are stretched in order to have the 
 particles of fat and flesh scraped from 
 their inner or flesh-surface ; Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, L 176, Sp. C. • 
 
 Fleshing-Iron, Fleschixg-Irne, s. a large 
 curved knife with a handle at each end, 
 used in scraping and cleaning the fleish- 
 side of skins or hides ; Burgh Recs. Aber- 
 deen, I. 176, Sp. C. 
 
 Flesh-House, Fleschous, s. Flesh-market, 
 
 fleshmarket-house. 
 
 "Item that the fleschowaris dicht and mak clene 
 the fieschous ilka ouke on Friday." Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, 4 June, 1444. 
 
*'LE 
 
 [116] 
 
 FOR 
 
 FLET, adj. Lit. flat, plain. Addit. to 
 Flet, q. V. 
 
 FLEW, pret. Flayed, stript, skinned. V. 
 Fla. 
 
 With that in hy the doggis skyn of htfleio, 
 And on the scheip rycht softlie couth it sew. 
 
 Henry son, Wolf and Wedder, 1. 39. 
 
 In the Gloss, to Laing's ed. of Henryson this word 
 is rendered "fled ;" but this is a mistake. 
 
 FLEWAR, 5. Odour, scent, Henrj-son. V. 
 Flkoure. 
 
 FLINDRIKTX, s. A form of Flanderkyn, a 
 native of Flanders. Used also as an adj.; 
 as, " a FlindriMn nieir," a mare of Flemish 
 breed. Addit. to DiCT. V. 1 LAXDERKIN. 
 
 FLOCHT, s. Fluster, flurry, excitement : 
 on Jloclit, in a flutter either of joy or fear. 
 Errat. in Dict. 
 
 For I am verray effeirit and onjlocht. 
 
 Henryson, Wulf and Wedder, 1. 107. 
 •Jamieson's meanings of this term are all correct 
 except the first one, which is here corrected. The 
 phrase onjlocht is still used with these meanings. 
 
 To FLOT, Flote, Floyt, Floyte, v. a. 
 To trim in a particular way, perhaps with 
 Jluting. 
 
 " . . . vij quarteris of grete brade claith, to Jlot 
 a doublat to the King." Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 21, 
 Dickson. 
 
 The other forms occur in pp. 16, 21, 23. 
 
 Floting, s. Prob. fluting; trimming. 
 
 " . . . to by stufe and floting for the Kingis 
 doublat of broune purpure dammask, vj s, viij d." 
 Ibid., p. 23. 
 
 FLOTE, s. A band, company, following; 
 All. Eom. Alexander, 11. 770, 1210. Addit. 
 to Flote. 
 
 FLOURE-JONETTE, s. Great St. John's- 
 wort. Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 The flower of the broom does not. suit the poet's 
 description of the flour e-jonette : but the flower of 
 Great St. John's-wort does. V. Kingis Quair, p. 70, 
 Skeat's ed. S. T. S. 
 
 O. Fr. jaulnette, " Hardway, S. Peter's- wort, square 
 S. John's grasse, great S. John's-wort ;" Cotgr. 
 
 FLOUSE, s. V. Flosh. 
 
 FLOW, Flo, s. A basin, sound, or arm of 
 the sea ; Orkney. Addit. to Flow, q. v. 
 
 "Scalpa Flow is a sea basin amongst the Orkneys, 
 nearly, enclosed by Pomona, Burray, S. Eonaldshay, 
 Walls, and Hoy, and containing many smaller islands. 
 Length !§ m., breadth, 8 m.' Johnston's General 
 Gazetteer. 
 
 Icel. fldi, a bay or large firth. Deep water in a bay 
 is also called fldi, opp. to the shallow water near the 
 coast. Cleasby, 
 
 FLUTHERY, adj. Flabby, soft, not firm ; 
 Orkn. Also, boggy, marshy; South of S. 
 
 Lit. of the nature of a Jloiv, or flow-moss, which, 
 though appearing to be firm, is really a quagmire. V. 
 Flow, Flow-Moss. 
 
 FOIRJUGEIT, part. pt. V. Forjugit. 
 
 FOIRPART, s. Front. V. Forepart. 
 
 FOIRSTAIR, s. V. Forestair. 
 
 FOLLOWER, FoLLOWAR, Folower, Fol- 
 OUAR, s. Applied to any young domestic 
 animal while dependent on or companying 
 with its mother ; as, " a hen and its fol- 
 lowers,'^ " a cow and its follower,^' etc. 
 Addit. to Folower. 
 
 This term occurs frequently in Burgh Records. 
 
 To FONDE, V. a. and n. To begin, attempt, 
 try ; to resolve, plan, commence, as when 
 one enters on a journey, expedition, or 
 undertaking. See quotations in DiCT. 
 Addit. to FoNDE, q. v. 
 
 FORBORNE, part. pt. Withheld, ex- 
 cluded : " Yea, and the fire hes not bene 
 forhorne" Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 4. 
 
 FORBYAR, s. V. Fore-Byar. 
 
 FORCAST, s. A corr. of farcost, a small 
 trading vessel; Fragments of Old Laws, 
 ch. 20, Burgh Rec. Soc. 
 
 FORCOP, FoRCAUP, s. The Lawman's 
 salary for the Thing circuits : a tax paid 
 by the Odallers in Orkney and Shetland. 
 Addit. to FoRCOP, q. v. 
 
 Although Jamieson left this term undefined he cer- 
 tainly had a correct though vague idea of its meaning. 
 His etym., however, is worthless. The following 
 statement by Balfour of Trenaby is both full and clear, 
 
 "Forcop, Norse thinrj-for-kaup, itineris forensis mer- 
 ces ; the Lawman's salary for the Thing circuits ; 
 afterwards charged by the Donatary, first against the 
 Crown, and again against the parishes on various pre- 
 texts, sometimes of Odal usage, sometimes of feudal 
 claim ; but according to Dufresne, ' For-capitim, 
 exactio, tributum hand debitum, per vim et contra jus 
 captum.'" Odal Rights and Feudal Wrongs, p. 115. 
 
 FORD, FORDE. A coll. form of for it ; as, 
 " I dinna care ford." 
 
 The quhilk I stand ford ye nocht understude. 
 
 Henryson, p. 43. 1. 8, Laing's ed. 
 Both forms of the word occur in the Sempill Bal- 
 lates : ford, in p. 92, and/orrfe in p. 37. 
 
 FORE, inter j. A warning cry of golfers to 
 a person standing or moving in the way of 
 the ball. A contr. of before. 
 
 To FOREBARGAIN, Foirbargain, Forbar- 
 GIN, V. n. To bargain or arrange for before 
 hand : pret. and part. pt. foirhargained. 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, IL 312, Rec. Soc. 
 
 This word is still used, generally in the sense given 
 above, sometimes in the sense of to bespeak, and some- 
 times of to arle. 
 
FOR 
 
 [117] 
 
 FOR 
 
 FOREOOTT, FoREcoTT-HousE, s. A 
 front cot-house or cottar's house ; Corshill 
 Baron Court Book, Ayr and Wigtown Arch. 
 Coll., IV. 140. 
 
 FORE-GERE, s. Fittings for attaching the 
 front horses of a team; Accts. L. II. Treas., 
 I. 300. 
 
 FORE-LOOFE, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Prob. Skeat has pointed out that loofe, as here used, 
 is closely connected with E. leave, in the sense of per- 
 mission ; but it has nothing to do with loof, the palm 
 of the hand, which Jamieson quotes from Ihre. Under 
 forlqf, which is simply another form of the same word, 
 he gives the correct etym., Su. Goth, loefwa, to promise, 
 or lit. to give leave. 
 
 FOREMAK, s. Preparation ; but generally 
 used in the sense of display, show, or bustle 
 made in preparing for an event ; Orkn. 
 
 FOREPART, FoiRPART, s. The front; as, 
 "the foirpart of the land," Burgh Lawis, 
 ch. 105 : the first portion, instalment, or 
 ])ayment ; as, " the forepart of the stent," 
 Burgh Recs. 
 
 FORE-RAW, Foir-Ra, s. The foreyard of 
 a ship. Compl. Scot., p. 40, E. E. T. S. 
 
 Of. Dan. raa, a sail-yard. 
 
 To FORESEE, Foirsee, Foirsie, v. a. 1. 
 To see, speak or arrange Avith a person 
 beforehand. 
 
 ". . that na maner of persoun within the burgh 
 pas heir efcir to the saide realme of England without 
 thai first foirsie the prouest and bailleis, that thair 
 names may be sett donn in roll. " Burgh Eecs. Glas- 
 gow, I. 348, Rec. Soc. 
 
 2. To search for, seek out, select, secure, or 
 arrange for beforehand. 
 
 " . . to provyde and forsie for convenient ludge- 
 ing within this burgh to the commissionaris of bur- 
 rowis quha ar to meit heir the tyme forsaid." Ibid., 
 I. 337. 
 
 3. To oversee, superintend, direct ; as, " To 
 foresee the men and the wark till it be 
 endit." 
 
 FORE -SPAR, s. A swingle-tree for a front 
 horse of a team ; pi. fore-sparris. Accts. 
 L. H. Treas., I. 298. 
 
 FORESTAER, Forstaer, s. A forestaller. 
 Syn. forehyar. 
 
 FORESTAIR, Foirstair, s. A front outer- 
 stair, a stair projecting into the street. 
 
 Your stinkand Scule that standis dirk, 
 Haldis the lycht fra your Parroche Kirk ; 
 Your foirstair is makis your housses mirk, 
 Lyk na cuutray bot heir at hame. 
 Dunbar, To the Merchants of Edinhurgh, 1. 17. 
 
 FORETOP, Fortope, Foirtop, s. Top or 
 crown of the head, the brow or forehead ; 
 
 the forelock or front hair of a man, the 
 fronts or false hair of a woman. 
 
 Ruschit baith to the bard and ruggit his hair — 
 Thai fylit him fra the fortope to the fut thar. 
 
 Houlate, 1. 824, Asloan MS. 
 
 FORE-TOWIS, s. pi. Traces for attaching 
 the front horses of a team, Accts. L. H. 
 Treas., I. 300. 
 
 FOREWERK, s. The barbican or fortified 
 
 gateway of a castle. 
 
 " Item, that samyn day [8 May, 14:97], . . . iu 
 part of payment of the biggin^ of the forewerk of 
 Dunbar." "Item, the ix day of Maij, giffin to Thom 
 Barkar, to pas to Dunbar to tak the mesure of the 
 irne yet of it to mak it, xx s." Accts. L. H. Treas., 
 I. 334, Dickson. 
 
 FORFALDED, FoB.FAL.mT, part. jyt. Hang- 
 ing in folds, crumpled ; hence, as applied to 
 the ropes or sails of a bont, drooping, hang- 
 ing loose. V. Fald, V n. 
 
 Bot fra the feill your bowliiig once begin 
 
 To ii\ak. for/aided flapping on the mast. 
 
 Cast lous the fuksheit, the bouuet, and the blind, 
 
 Let hir ly by, ye mustabyd the blast. 
 
 Bann. MS., p. 1080, Hunt. Soc. 
 
 To FORFALT, Forfaut, Forfaute, v. n. 
 To do wrong, to transgress or violate the 
 law, to offend, trespass. Addit. to Forfalt. 
 
 FoRFALT, Forfaut, Forfaute, s. Wrong- 
 doing, trespass, offence, transgression ; in 
 fo7\faute, under charge of wrongdoing, guilty 
 of breaking the law. Addit. to Forfalt. 
 
 " Gif ony man or ony woman in the burgh be in 
 forfaute of brede or ale, nane sail hafe tharof a do bot 
 the borow greffis. And gif he faltis twyis he sail be 
 chastyte twyis for his /or/aw^i?. " Burgh Lawis, ch. 19, 
 liec. Soc. 
 
 0. Fr. for, and E. fault, from Lat. fallere. 
 
 To FORGRYP, v. a. To unload, discharge, 
 or deliver cargo. 
 
 " Gif ony burges of Scotland that is qwyt of custom 
 hyre a schyp to for<jryp wyth wyne corne or ony vthyr 
 marchandys to the toun of Berwyk." Custome of 
 Schippis, ch. 3, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Low Lat. forqorpire (i.e., foris guerpire), to give up 
 possession, Ducange. 
 
 FORINGIT, part. pt. Errat. in DiCT. for 
 Forjiigit, q. v. 
 
 This mistake was made in Tytler's ed. of The Kingis 
 Quliair, and appears in every later ed. of that work 
 except the one prepared by Professor Skeat for the 
 S. T. S. in 1884 : there the word is correctly printed 
 foriufjit —forjugit. 
 
 FORJVGIT, part. pt. Unjustly doomed or 
 condemned; Kingis Quair, st. 3, Skeat's 
 ed., S. T. S. 
 
 O. Fr. fnrjuger, to judge or condemn wrongfully; 
 
 Cotgr. 
 
 FOROTH, prep. V. Forouth. 
 
FOR 
 
 [118] 
 
 FOY 
 
 FOR-RAIKIT, FOR-RAKIT, lyart adj. Worn 
 out Tvith long travel or wandering about; 
 as, "I'm weary for-raikit ;'" West of S. 
 V. Raik. 
 
 As commonly used the term implies travelling about 
 from place to place as packmen do. It occurs in the 
 Townley Mysteries in a similar sense. 
 
 FORRET, FoRRAT, Forrit, Furrit, adv. 
 Forward. 1. In direction : on, onwards, as, 
 " gang forret.'^ Coll. Eng. forrud. 
 
 2. In place, podtion : iu front, before, in ad- 
 vance, as, " He man aye be forvet^ g^^g 
 where he may." 
 
 3. In time : in advance, before, fast, as, " The 
 clock is ten minutes forret.^' 
 
 4. In manner: on, more and more, gradually 
 better, as, "He'll soon be well; he's ha'diii 
 forret every day." 
 
 5. In degree : on, advanced, towards or near 
 the end, as " How far forret is he wi' the 
 wark ? " 
 
 Addit. to Forret, q. v. 
 
 FORREYN, s. A foreigner ; pi. forreyns. 
 
 " . . .all the burges of the burgh, alswel /orrei/ns 
 as deynseens." Chalmerlan Air, oh. 3, Rec. Soc. 
 
 FORRON, part. pt. V. ForruN. 
 
 FORROW, prep, and adv. Before, in front 
 of, outside, without. V. Forout, Forouth. 
 
 He said, " Fair Lady, now mone I 
 
 De, trestly ye me trow : 
 Tak ye my sark that is bludy, 
 
 And hing it forrow you. 
 
 Henryson, The Bbtdy Serk, 1. 76. 
 
 FORRUN, Foirrun, Forron, part. pt. 
 Run out, exhausted with running, Henry- 
 son. V. FORROWN. 
 
 FORS, Forss, s. Lit. a cascade, waterfall. 
 
 Addit. to FoRS, q. v. 
 
 This term has nothing to do with /orce, as Ihre sug- 
 gests. It is the Icel. fors, foss, a cascade ; and is 
 allied to S wed. /rwso, to gush. 
 
 FORSCHENT, joa?-^. p«. Degraded, broken 
 
 down, trampled on. V. Schent. 
 
 As blasphemar of God Omnipotent, 
 Bot ony law thair I condampnit was 
 Amang thair feit defowlit a.nd forschent. 
 
 Anon. Bann. MS., p. 83, Hunt. Soc. 
 
 FORSPOKYN, part. pt. 1. Bespoken, plea- 
 ded, sought. V. FORESPEAKER. 
 
 ". . . thocht it be ututh the courte na /o?-.>';3oi-yn 
 thar in, it sail suffice wele inoch." Burgh La wis, oh. 
 iii. 
 
 2. Bewitched. V. under Forspeak. 
 
 Occurs in same sense in the Townley Mysteries, 
 p. 115. 
 
 To FORSWRNE, v. a. Errat. in Dicx. for 
 Forsume, q. v. 
 A misreading by Pinkerton. 
 
 To FORSUME, v. a. To misspend, waste, 
 consume ; Douglas, K. Hart, ed. Small, 
 I. 107. 
 
 A compound of for, implying wrongly, and Lat. 
 sumere, to take, use, spend. 
 
 FOR-THI, Forthy, conj. Y. Dict. 
 
 "Really — A.-S. forthy, or /orthi, where thi is the 
 instrumental case of the. " Skeat. 
 
 FORTROJJGRT, pret. Rued, repented. V. 
 Forthine:. 
 
 FOSS, s. A ditch, a fosse ; Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, 2 Apr., 1481. Addit. to Fos. 
 
 FOTINELLIS, s. pi. Errat. for Fotmellis, 
 explained under Char, q. v. V. Fadmell. 
 
 FOTMEL, s. A weight of 70 lbs. V. Fad- 
 mell. 
 
 FOUD, s. V. Dict. 
 
 The following is an important addition to the ex- 
 planations given by Jamieson : — 
 
 ^' Foud, Norse fogeti, D a.n. fogud, quaestor Regius, 
 Collector of the King's Skatt, Skyllds, Mulcts, etc., 
 afterwards Chief Judge, and ultimately Sheriff of the 
 Foundrie of Zetland." Balfour, Odal Rights and 
 Feudal Wrongs, p. 115. 
 
 FOUELLIS, s. pi. Lit. fuel, materials or 
 supplies for burning; but also applied to 
 .victuals, supplies for food ; King Hart, st. 
 8, Small's ed. 
 
 Pinkerton misread this word favellis, and suggested 
 that it meant savours ; and on his authority Jamieson 
 adopted that reading, but evidently with some doubt, 
 for he left the word undefined. 
 
 The term occurs in Barbour iv. 64, 170, Camb. MS. 
 asfowaill, fuel; and in Prompt. Parv. as fowayte, with 
 same meaning ; but in a note the editor quotes a pas- 
 sage from Richard Coeur de Lion (1. 1471) to show that 
 the word had also the more general sense of provisions, 
 needful supplies. It is in this sense that it occurs in 
 King Hart. 
 
 L. Lat. foallia, fuel : but the Scot, fovellit may have 
 been adopted from 0. Fr. fudles, recorded by Roque- 
 fort with the meaning of brushwood, firewood. 
 
 FOUL, s. A full, a firlot. V. Fou, Foav. 
 
 FOURSOME, adj. A term in golfing, 
 applied to a match in which two play on 
 each side. Addit. to FoURSUM, q. v. 
 
 FOY, adj. Foolish, silly ; prob. a corr. of 
 Yv.fol. 
 
 FOY, s. Merry-making, entertainment, treat;. 
 Ayrs. Addit. to For, q. v. 
 
 " He said the said balyies was foy takaris [i.e., treat 
 takers], and held na courtis na did na justice in 
 the toune." Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 6 Feb., 1496-7, 
 Mait. C. 
 
FOY 
 
 [119] 
 
 FRE 
 
 To FOYNE, V. n. To feint, thrust, as in 
 
 fencing; Douglas, Virgil, v. ch. 8, ed. 
 
 .Small. 
 
 0. Fr. foigne, a long staff or pole ; hence, to fo'm, to 
 thrust. 
 
 FRx\, prep. Arising from, occasioned by, on 
 account of, because of. Addit. to Fra. 
 
 "Item, the xx" clay of Nouember, till ane man to 
 pas to the Lard of Franche fra a traytoure he tuke." 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 98, Dickson. 
 
 A. -S. fram, fra, which is still used to express the 
 origin or occasion of an act. 
 
 FRAOA, s. Disturbance, uproar, quarrel ; 
 a loud or angry altercation, blustering dis- 
 pute ; South and West of S. 
 
 Fr. fracas, crash, din : from fracasser, to shatter ; 
 Lat . fra<jor. 
 
 Although of French origin, form, and pron., this 
 term has been in use for a long time, and is now used 
 familiarly by persons who know nothing of French.. 
 Even in Burns's day it was used as it is now, although 
 to serve his own end he wrote it fracas and rhymed it 
 with Bacchus. 
 
 It is often pron., especially in the East of S.,forca, 
 as if the first syllable were /or. 
 
 FE.AEL, s. A frail, a basket made of rushes; 
 also called a fraer ; Assize of Petty Cus- 
 toms, ch. 12, Rec. Soc. Low I^a,t. frcelum, 
 M. ^. frayle. V. Freare. 
 
 To FRAIN, Frayne, v. n. To enquire. V. 
 Fraxe. 
 
 To FRAIST, Frast, v. a. To seek, enquire, 
 ask. Addit. to Fraist. 
 
 Fraist is frequently so used in the Gawayne 
 Romances. Icel. freista, to ask, inquire. 
 
 FRAUDFULLY, adv. Fraudulently, Burgh 
 Lawis, ch. 45, 91, Rec. Soc. 
 
 FRAWARTSCHYP, .<<. Frowardness, con- 
 trariety ; Burgh Lawis, ch. 34, Rec. Soc. 
 
 FRE, adj. V. DiCT. 
 
 Combine the two entries under this form ; they are 
 really the same word. Del. the etym. under the second 
 entry ; it is altogether misleading. V. Frely. 
 
 FREHAULDIR, s. A free-holder, Accts. 
 L. H. Treas., I. 238. 
 
 FREIS, adj. Flowered, ornamented; with 
 a flowered or ornamented border; with a 
 raised, flowered, or ornamental pattern, 
 like flowered-silk, which is called frese silk, 
 fresed or /raised silk. Addit. to Freis, q. v. 
 
 Fresit, part. pt. Woven, worked, or orna- 
 mented with a raised or flowered pattern. 
 Addit. to Fresit, q. v. 
 
 " . . ane kaip of clayth of gold fresit with reid 
 • veluott : — item, ane kaip and chesapill with tinna- 
 
 killis, haill fiirnist of gold, fresit uu grene velu»tt." 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 320, Sp. C. 
 
 These terms were left undefined by Jamieson : but 
 the suggestion which he made regarding their probable 
 meaning is quite correct. 
 
 0. Fr. f riser, frizer, " to frizle, crispe, curie, braid ;" 
 Cotgr. : frizons, "frizled or raised worke of gold or sil- 
 lier wire ;" Ibid. Sp. frisar, to raise the nap on cloth; 
 Diez. And the same idea of raised work is implied by 
 E. frieze, a horizontal broad band occupied with sculp- 
 ture. 
 
 To FREIT, V. a. To eat into, eat up, devour ; 
 corr«)de, cause to decay ; Henryson, (Jock 
 and Jasp, 1. 76. E. fret. V. Fret. 
 
 Freit, fret, in M. E. freten, is from A.-S. fretan, to 
 eat up, which is a contr. oifor-etan, id. 
 
 Freitten, Fretten, 2?art. pt. Seamed, 
 pitted, deeply marked ; as, pock-freitten, 
 pock-marked. 
 
 FRENSWN, adj. Misprint in Dict. for 
 Frenswm (friend-some). 
 
 FRERE-KNOTTIS, s. pi. Ornamental 
 forms or figures in goldsmith's work, in 
 imitation of the knotted cords of the 
 Franciscans ; called also Cordelier Knots. 
 Addit. to Freir-Knott. 
 
 "Item, a chenye of gold maid in fassone of frere 
 knottis, contenand fourti foure knottis." Accts. L. H. 
 Treas., I. 83, Dickson. 
 
 And regarding another chain found in the same 
 " kist," there is the following entry : — 
 
 " Item, sax pecis of the said chenye of gold of f7-ere 
 knottis." Ibid., p. 84. 
 
 These entries show that the frere-knottis were much 
 more common than Jamieson supposed, and that they 
 were not confined to figures and settings of precious 
 stones. 
 
 FRESCUS, adj. Fresh, hale, strong. Lit. 
 full of freshness ; hence, unimpaired, sound, 
 vigorous; as, "of fre will and frescus 
 mynd," Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 24 April, 
 1486, Mait. C. 
 
 FRETE, s. A fret, an ornament of network; 
 the hair-net of gold or silver wire, often 
 jewelled, generally worn by ladies in the 
 fifteenth century. Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 "Item, a frete of the Quenis oure set with grete 
 perle sett in fouris and fouris." Accts. L. H. Treas., 
 i. 84, Dickson. 
 
 Jamieson's suggestion that the frete was "prob. a 
 ring, band, hoop," is a mistake. It was a covering for 
 the hair, and an important article of a lady's head- 
 dress during the 15th cent. It is mentioned by 
 Chaucer in his Legend of Good Women, and in The 
 Flowre and the Leaf ; and Planche in describing a 
 lady's dress at the close of the 14th cent, says : — 
 " The hair was still worn in a gold fret or caul of net- 
 work, surmounted frequently by a chaplet of gold- 
 smith's work, a coronet, or a veil, according to the 
 wearer's rank or fancy." British Costume, p. 181, 
 ed. 1874. 
 

 [120] 
 
 FUT 
 
 FRETHIN, Frethn, Freythixg, part, and .«. 
 V. Freith. 
 
 FRIM-FRAM, s. A variant of flim-flam, a 
 trifle, whim, fancy, invention. Addit. to 
 Frim-Fram. 
 
 Frimple-Fra^iple, adv. In a confused, pro- 
 miscuous, or tangled manner. 
 
 FRITH, Frythe, s. An enclosed wood ; pi. 
 frithis, fri/this, " by frythis and fellis." 
 AwntjTS of Arthur, st. 1. 
 
 FRITTLE, s. Errat. in Dict. for Succour. 
 
 Another of the errors into which Jamieson was led 
 by the careless transcripts of Pinkerton. In this case 
 the alliteration shows that a wrong \yord has been 
 adopted. The etym. and remarks by Jamieson are 
 therefore worthless. 
 
 Both the Bann. and the Asloan MS. read succour. 
 
 FRONE, s. Y. Dict. 
 
 Etym. is simply Fr. fronde, a sling ; Lat. funda. 
 FRONSIT, par^. ;7^. Wrinkled. V.Froun- 
 
 SIT. 
 
 FROSNIT, part. pt. A var. of fronsit, 
 frounsit, wrinkled, furrowed ; hence, old 
 and careworn. V. Frounsit. 
 
 His fa.ce frosnit, his lyre was lyke the leid, 
 His teith chatterit and cheverit with the chin. 
 
 Henrysoii, Test. Cresseid, 1. 155. 
 
 In the Gloss, to Laing's ed. of Henryson froinit is 
 rendered frosted, which does not express the meaning 
 of the poet. The context shows that the passage is a 
 description of the appearance of " hoary Saturn," with- 
 out any remark regarding the cause of it. Besides, in 
 any case a frosted face is a very inapt expression. 
 But, frosnit is not from A.-S. fredsan, to freeze, but 
 from 0. Fr. froncfr, to wrinkle, and is another form of 
 fronsit, which Henryson uses in his fable of the Paddok 
 and the Mous, in the phrase "his fronsit face." In- 
 deed, Sibbald's reading of the passage is "His face 
 frounsit." Chron. Scot. Poetry, i. 162. Cf. 'E.f ounce. 
 
 FLTDDER, s. Y. Dict. 
 
 In note on etym. delete all the second sentence. Fr. 
 Joudre is from Lat. fulgur. The Goth, origin is a mis- 
 take. 
 
 FUKSHEIT, Fukscheit, s. The sheet or 
 
 rope that fastens the fuksail, i.e., fore-sail ; 
 
 Bann. MS., p. 349, Hunt. Soc. 
 
 Cast lous the fuksheit, the bonnet, and the blind : 
 Let hir ly by, ye must abvd the blast. 
 
 Ibid., p. 1080, Hunt. Soc. 
 
 FULYEIT, part. pt. Defaced, worn, worn 
 out: '"'' fulyeit in labour," useless or worth- 
 less for work; Dunbar, Twa Marriit Wemen, 
 
 1. 86. V. FULYIE. 
 
 FUND, FuNDE, Fun', Fun, pret. and part. 
 
 pt. Found, gathered, experienced. 
 
 And as thai taikit at the tabill of mony taiWfunde, 
 Thay wauchtit at the wicht wyne, and waris out wourdis. 
 Dunbar, Twa Mariit Wemen, I. 38. 
 
 Fund, Funt. Short for fund it, found it. 
 
 Fund is the result of softening t in fun't, which is 
 short iovfund it. V. Fand. 
 
 FUNDING, part, and s. Founding, laying 
 the foundation, commencing; Accts. L. H. 
 Treas., I. 336. V. Fundment. 
 
 F UNTIES, FwNYiES, s. pi. The fur of the 
 
 polecat or fitch ; also polecat skins. Addit. 
 to FUNYIE. 
 
 ". . . vj mantillis of/i<?iyjVstolyne the sammyne 
 [gowne]. Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 225, Dickson. 
 
 ". . . for iij mantellis ol funiyeis to lync the 
 gowne of claytlit of gold that wes the Kingis." Ibid., 
 I. 190. 
 
 Fr. fouine, foyne, the polecat. 
 
 FURCHE, s. The two hind quarters of an 
 animal : as, " a furche of venyson," Accts. 
 L. H. Treas., I. 181. Fr. fourche. 
 
 FURE, pt. siibj. Might go, should go. 
 Addit. to Fur, Fure. 
 
 Fane wald I wit, quod the fyle, or I furth fure. 
 
 Houlate, 1. 79. 
 A.-S. faran, Sw.fara, Dan. fare, to go, wend. 
 
 FURRIT, pret. and part. pt. Furred, lined, 
 
 or trimmed with fur ; dressed in fur. 
 
 The quhyrrand Quhitret with the Quhaisill went 
 The Feitho that hesfurrit mony fent. 
 
 Henryson, Pari, of Beistis, 1. 117. 
 
 To FURSET, Fursett, v. a. To set forth, 
 further, carry out, execute. Addit. to 
 Furthset. 
 
 " . . proclamatioun charging hir hynes liegis of 
 Murray and Name to mete hir hynes at Strabogy for 
 fursetting of hir hynes seruice." Family of Kilravock, 
 p. 238, Sp. 0. 
 
 To FURSTAND. v. a. To supply, furnish: 
 
 also, to guarantee. Lit. to forth-stand. 
 
 " Johne Ratray promest to cause warkmen enter to 
 the Castell hill one Monnonday nyxt cumis . . the 
 toun furstand him expensis to do the samyn, and Mais- 
 ter Androv Tulidef promest him xxs. of vnlawis to do 
 the samyn." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 122, Sp. C. 
 
 FUTE, FuT, s. The stand for a glass, cup, 
 vase, etc. Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 85. 
 Addit. to Fute. 
 
 FUTGANG, s. V. FiTGANG. 
 
 Fute-Mantil, Fwt-Mantil, s. Housings 
 
 of cloth which reached nearly to the feet of 
 
 a horse. 
 
 The foot-mantle was considered a mark of great 
 dignity and state, and was worn by the king and his 
 nobles on great occasions of state, such as a coronation 
 procession, a riding of Parliament, &c. In the 
 Treasurer's Accounts of payments in connection with 
 the preparations for the coronation of James IV. in 
 1488, the following entries occur. 
 
 " Item, for the elne of veluua til a.fut mantil." 
 " Item, thre elne of bucram to lyne it with." Accts. 
 L. H. Treas., I. 147, Dickson. 
 
FUT 
 
 [121] 
 
 GAI 
 
 FuTE-ScHETE, s. A naiTow sheet spread 
 across the foot of a bed. It was sometimes 
 of plain, sometimes of costly material, as 
 fur, cloth of gold, &c. Accts. L. H. Treas., 
 I. 24, 32. 
 
 FXJTTIT, pret. and part. pt. Footed, marched, 
 Sempill Ballates, p. 38. V. Fit. 
 
 To FUYR, V. a. To carry. V. FuRE. 
 
 FYAN, Fyane, s. a fugitive, outlaw: lit. 
 
 one who has fled from justice. 0. Fr, 
 
 fuyant. 
 
 " . . the said Andrew beand captyve and presonar 
 incarcerat in the said touneof Hull SLs/yane a,nd enemy 
 
 to Inglisa natioune." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 283, 
 Sp. C. 
 
 FYKE, Fyking. V. under Fike. 
 
 FYLE, s. A vile creature. Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 This term occurs in Havelok, 1. 2499, with the same 
 meaning as in the passage quoted. Lat. vilis, vile, 
 mean. 
 
 FYNDYN, s. Providing. V. Finding. 
 
 FYR-BURDIS, s. pi. Boards or planks of 
 fir, Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 24G. 
 
 To FYTE, V. a. V. DiCT. 
 
 This form represents the local pron. of wJute, to cut ; 
 and fyte, quhyte, white, are variants of E, thwite, A.-S. 
 thwitan, to cut. 
 
 G. 
 
 GAADYS, s pi. Gauds, gems, pearls, pre- 
 cious things; string or strings of beads, 
 which are still called hanks of beads, and in 
 olden times were hanks of gaudies. Addit. 
 to Gaadys, q. V. V. Gaudeis. 
 
 Not defined by Jamieson, who evidently did not 
 understand the proverb in which the term occurs. The 
 saying is used to express an ironical estimate of the 
 value of a pi'etentious, boastful person's remarks. In 
 explanation of the latter part of the proverb, Prof. 
 Skeat suggests a reference to the story of the good girl 
 from whose mouth fell pearls and diamonds. 
 
 To GAAR, GAUR, v. a. To scratch, seam, 
 or cut into ; as, " His arms are gaurd yet 
 wi' the beast's claws ; " West of S. 
 Gael, gearr, geur, to cut, seam, furrow. 
 
 GaAK, Gaur, s. a scratch, seam, or cut 
 made by drawing a sharp point over a 
 smooth surface ; West of S. 
 
 GADGE, Gage, Gedgic, Gege, s. 1. A 
 standard measure, a standard of measure- 
 ment; Burgh Recs. Glasgow, I. 153, Rec. 
 Soc. 
 
 2. Search, scrutiny, look-out; watch or hunt 
 for what will benefit oneself; as, -'He's aye 
 on the gadgej^ West of S. 
 
 To Gadge, Gedge, v. a. 1. To measure; to 
 test measures by the standards, also, to 
 adjust them. 
 
 2. To search, look-out, watch for contraband 
 goods ; to look out, watch, hunt for gifts, 
 benefits, &c. 
 (Sup.) Q 
 
 Gadger, Gauger, Gager, s. 1. An ex- 
 ciseman, one who gauges excisable goods, 
 and searches, etc., for contraband. 
 
 2. One who is always on the look-out for 
 gifts or benefits: " a greedy gadger." 
 
 The latter sense is comparatively modern, and evi- 
 dently has been suggested by the duties and methods 
 of- the gauger in cases of contraband goods. 
 
 Gadgery, Gaugerie, Gaugrie, Gedgrie, 
 Jedgry, Jedgerte, s. Standards of 
 weiglits and measures ; Chalmerlain Air, 
 ch. i : the testing and attesting of weights 
 and measures; Blue Blanket, p. 105. 
 
 Before weights and measures can be issued for use 
 they must be tested or compared with the legal stan- 
 dards, and attested or stamped by the keeper of the 
 standards. 
 
 O. Fr. gauger, gaugir, to gauge or measure : Low 
 Lat. gaiigia, the standard measure of a wine cask ; 
 Ducange. 
 
 GAIN, Gaan, adv. Pretty, tolerably, very, 
 quite ; as, " gain weel, gaan near, gain 
 cheap." V. Gey. 
 
 Used to express indefinite degree of comparison, and 
 sometimes used for gayly, geyly. It is common in the 
 North of E. also, and similarly used. V. Brockett'B 
 Gloss. 
 
 Prob. an abbrev.^of gay and : but etym. is doubtful. 
 
 GAIN, adj. Fit, near. V. Gane. 
 
 GAIRDONE, s. Guerdon, recompense. 
 Addit. to Gairdoxe, q. v. 
 
 Na growme on ground my gairdone may degraid. 
 
 Henry son, Aige and Yoioth, st. 3, Bann. MS. 
 Not defined in Dict., and the meaning suggested by 
 Jamieson is wrong. 
 
GAI 
 
 [122 3 
 
 GAR 
 
 Lord Hailes mispriuted growme as growine, which no 
 doubt helped to mislead Jamieson, although he had a 
 correct idea of the word it represented. In Laiug's 
 ed. of Henryson the word is printed grome. 
 
 0. Fr. guerdone, a recompense : from h. Lat. tvider- 
 donum, which is compounded of 0. H. G. wider, back, 
 again, and Lat. donum, a gift. V. Skeat's Etym. 
 Diet. 
 
 GAIT, s. Lit. a going : hence pasturage for 
 
 cattle in a common during summer; one 
 
 gint being rated to maintain a cow ; two 
 
 gaits a horse ; and half a gait a calf. Also 
 
 called gang. South and West of S. 
 
 This term is still used in some districts of the North 
 of E. V. Peacock's Gloss. 
 
 GAIT, Ga'd, Gal'T {ga as in gall), part. adj. 
 Marked with gaws or welts. V. Gawed, 
 Gawit. 
 
 Gait Glydis, s. pi. Worn out old horses 
 with scarred and fretted hide. Addit. to 
 
 DiCT. 
 
 Tuelf gait glydis, deir of a preine. 
 
 Maitland Poems, p. 183. 
 Not defined by Jamieson ; but the meaning of gait 
 which he suggested is wide of the mark. The expres- 
 sion is still used. 
 
 In The Country Wedding, Herd's Coll. Scot. Songs, 
 II. 91, ed. 1869, the following line occurs : — 
 An auld ga'd glyde fell owre the heugh. 
 It may be noted in passing that this song as given 
 by Herd is really a more modern version of The Wow- 
 ing of Jok and Jenny, preserved in the Bann. MS. 
 
 GAL, Gayl, s. Gable, which is still pron. 
 gale, or gail^ in various districts of S. 
 
 " . . hir masster and scho sal lay thar grath in 
 the gal on Sir Jon Lochys to mak thar yet sekyr." 
 Charters, &c. of Peebles, Burgh Rec. Soc, p. 132. 
 
 " Orath," fixtures for the "yet," or gate referred to. 
 V. Graith, s. 
 
 To GAL AY, V. V. DicT. 
 
 This word is certainly not related to A.S. gcelan j 
 but it is prob. from O. Fr. galler, to sport, make 
 merry, &c. (V. Cotgr. ), and hence related to galliard. 
 
 To GALE, Geal, v. n. To tingle. V. 
 Gell. 
 
 GALER, Galler, Galion, Gallion, ». 
 1. A gallery, balcony. O. Fr. galene. 
 
 2. A galley, a French war vessel. 
 
 When the French vessels, which brought Queen 
 Mary to Scotland, were about to return home, she 
 granted 100 crounis of the sun ' ' to six pilots of the 
 twa galeris;" and £66 13s. 4d. to "Monsieur Tyn- 
 nance, to be distributit amangis the officiaris of the 
 twa galeris ;" and 200 crounis of the sun to M. 
 Tynnance for his own use. (V. Treasurer's Accts.) 
 Aid these entries are explained by the following record 
 of 1 Sept., 1561 : — ". . the said Monsieur Cornell 
 • [d'Aumale] depairtit with the twa gallionis, quhilk 
 brocht the Quenis Grace hame, to France." Diurnal 
 of Occurrents, p. 67. 
 
 O. Fr. gallere, galere, a galley ; Cotgr. 
 
 Gallean-heid, s. a gallery-head, gargoyle 
 
 or gurgoyle : a projecting spout to throw 
 
 the water from the gutter of a building, or 
 
 refuse water, etc., from a room. These 
 
 spouts were generally carved into grotesque 
 
 heads or figures of animals, like those which 
 
 support a gallery : hence the above name. 
 
 " . . . with ane small spout in ilk chalmer to 
 convoy the vrine throch the wall, and with gallean 
 heidis convenient for the wark, as salbe fund necessar 
 and expedient." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, II. 341, 
 Spald. 
 
 GALYAED, Galliart, s. A sprightly 
 dance, Compl. Scot., p. QQ, E. E. T. S. 
 Also the name of a favourite Scot, dance. 
 Addit. to Galyeard. 
 
 GAMOND, s. A dance, step, movement : 
 " ane gay gamond of France," Lyndsay, 
 Thrie Estaitis, 1. 452. Addit. to Gamount. 
 
 GANE, s. V. DiCT. 
 
 Del. Jamieson's note. The term is simply M. E. 
 ga7ie, open mouth, yawn ; gab, as in Burns' Tam o' 
 Shanter, is syn. for the word in both quotations. 
 A.-S. ganian, to gape, yawn : from gdn, pret. of ginan, 
 to gape widely. Icel. gina. 
 
 GANG, Geng, Gixg, s. 1. Family, flock, 
 band, retinue : applied both to persons and 
 animals, as to a chief and his followers, a 
 flock of sheep, a fox and its cubs, &c. 
 
 2. A set, stand, supply, fixed number : as, '* a 
 gang of horss schone." Burgh Recs. Aber- 
 deen, n. 38, Sp. C. 
 
 A.-S. genge, a flock : Icel. gangr, a going, a band or 
 flock, like E. gang, in "a gang of gipsies." 
 
 To GANG in a gate. Lit. to go in one way: 
 to be of one mind, act together ; Houlate, 1. 
 285. 
 
 Gangand-Gait, Gannin-Gait, s. The 
 foot-path of a public road; also, the foot- 
 path through fields to a farm house : so 
 called to distinguish them from the cart or 
 carriage way or gait; West of S. 
 
 Ganandest-gait, s. The shortest road, or 
 the easiest to travel. 
 
 To zone busteous Beirne that boistit me to byde 
 Amang the galzart gromis, I am hot ane Gest, 
 I will the ganandest gait to that gay glyde. 
 
 Rauf Coilzear, s. 61. 
 
 Gan-way, Gang-way, s. Same as Gangand- 
 Gait. 
 
 GARATOUR, s. A watchman, a watch- 
 tower. V. Garrit. 
 
 Schir Golagros' mery men menskful of myght. 
 In greis and garatouris graitbit full gay ; 
 Sevyne scoi e of scheildis thai schew at ane sicht. 
 
 Oawan and Qol., st. 38. 
 
GAR 
 
 [123] 
 
 GEA 
 
 Jamieson's reference of this terra to Greis, greaves 
 for the legs, is a mistake : so also is his statement, 
 given under that heading, that garatouris "probably 
 denotes armour for the thighs." In the passage quoted 
 above g7-eis means steps, stairs, or platforms on battle- 
 ments ; and garatouris means watch-towers. V. Gloss. 
 Gawayne Romances. 
 
 The proper and usual meaning of garaiour is watch- 
 man. 
 
 To GARD, Garde, v. a. To hem, bind, 
 trim, in order to prevent the edge from 
 fraying ; to braid, to ornament with trim- 
 mings or facings ; Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 
 202. Fr. garder. 
 Occurs in Shak., Merch. Ven. ii. 2, 164; &c. 
 
 Oard, Garde, s. A hem, border, trimming, 
 facing. 
 
 This word, both as a v. and as a s. , occurs frequently 
 in inventories, and other notices of dress. It is com- 
 mon in Eng. also. V. Halliwell's Diet. 
 
 GARDELOO, s. V. Diot. 
 
 For 0. Fr. gure, read 0. F. gare. 
 
 GAEDENAT, Gardnett, Gardmet, Gard- 
 
 MAR, s. Varieties and corruptions of Gard- 
 
 NAP, q. V. 
 
 These forms occurs frequently in Burgh Records, In- 
 ventories, &c. 
 
 GARDENER'S GARTENS, .9.pZ. V.Dict. 
 
 For garters read gartens. 
 
 GARDEVIANT, Gardyviance, Gardy- 
 
 VYANSS, s. A close cupboard, an ambry or 
 safe for meat ; Accts. L. H. Treas. Scot., 
 I. 82, 99, 175. Addit. meaning. 
 
 The forms gardewiat (Aberdeen B. Recs., I. 259, 
 Sp.C), and garddewyot (Peebles Burgh Recs., p. 262, 
 Rec. Soc), may be vulgar corr. of this term ; but more 
 prob. they are mistakes in the reading or writing of it : 
 in both cases the meaning is " a cabinet or escritoire." 
 
 Fr. garde-viande, a cup-board : not garde-de-vlande, 
 as in DiCT. 
 
 GARDEVINE, 5. V.Dict. 
 
 For gar-de-viii read garde-vin. 
 
 GARDNAP, s. V. DicT. 
 
 In quotation, for " deiche gardnap," re&di "deiche, 
 gardnap" (i.e. dish, gardnap). 
 
 For Fr. game-nappe, read Fr. garde-nappe ; and del. 
 last sentence of note. 
 
 GARRAY, Garrie, Garry, s. Preparation, 
 array; bustle, confusion, noise, &c., of a 
 number of persons preparing for some 
 sport or undertaking; PebHs to the Play, 
 st. 2. Often pron. gurry, as in speaking of 
 a disorderly housewife or servant, " She's 
 aye in a gurry,'' i.e. bustle and confusion. 
 Addit. to Garray. 
 
 In the Towneley Mysteries, p. 64, garray is used 
 with the meaning forces, troops, army ; a meaning 
 which E. ari-ay sometimes has still. 
 
 GARRON, Garrown, s. A spar, pole, 
 shaft : syn. rung. Addit. to Garrown. 
 
 " . . garrons to be barrowis," i.e. poles for making 
 shafts for hand-barrows ; Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, II, 
 324, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Left undefined in Dict., but suggestions regarding 
 meaning and etym. are given. On both points they 
 are wrong. The term is allied to 0. Fr. garret, which 
 Cotgrave defines as "the cudgell wherwith a carrier, 
 &c., winds up, and straines hard, the cord he binds 
 his packe withall." 
 
 GARSON, s. Treasure, reward, gift, pre- 
 sent. Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 Garson, garysoun, are forms of garsom, gersom, later 
 grassum, gressum, q. v. See also notes under Ger- 
 soMK in Dict. 
 
 Jamieson was mistaken regarding both the meaning 
 and the etymology of this word. It occurs in the 
 AUit. Rom. Alexander, 11. 1074, 1662 in the expression 
 "geves garsons of gold and of gude stanes." 
 
 GATING, pai-t. pr. Waiting, watching, 
 looking on. Addit. to Gating, q. v. 
 
 "0. F. gaiter, also waiter, to watch ; icait and gait 
 are mere doublets. Jamieson's etymology is all 
 wrong." Skeat. 
 
 GAUDE-DAY, s. v. Dict. 
 
 "Better gaudy-day. Not in use 'at the universi- 
 ties : ' for it is unknown at Cambridge. But gaudy- 
 day — annual fast-day is the regular term at Oxford, 
 and is commonly cut down to gaudy." Skeat. 
 
 GAUGERIE, Gedgrie, s. V. Gadgery. 
 GAUKIE, s. V. Dict. 
 
 A better etym. is Icel. gaulcr, a cuckoo, Scot, goiok. 
 M. E. gohy is from A.S. gedc. 
 
 GAVIL, Gavel, Gavyl, Gevil, s. Rail- 
 ing, hand-rail ; syn. 7'avil, ixdvel. 
 
 " . . for making of the gavil of the tolbuith stair." 
 Burgh Recs. Edinburgh. 
 
 This term is still used in various districts of Scot. 
 
 GAWDIES, Gaadys, Galdeis, Gowdeis, 
 s. pi. The smaller beads of a rosary. Addit. 
 to Gaudeis, q. V. 
 
 GAWED, Ga'd, Gawit, Gawt, Gaut, 
 Gait, part, and adj. Galled, fretted ; 
 marked with welts, frets, scars, or wounds, 
 as, " a puir gawt glyde," a poor worn-out 
 old draught-horse. V. Gaw, and under 
 Gait. 
 
 GAYLY, Gaylies, adv. Pretty well, fairly 
 well ; " How's a' wi' ye f " On, gayly !" 
 V. Geily. 
 
 But hear, my Lord Glengarry, hear. 
 Your hand's owre light on them, I fear ; 
 Your factors, grieves, trustees, and bailies, 
 I canna' say but they do gaylies. 
 
 Burns, Address to Beelzebub. 
 
 To GEAL, V. n. V. Gell. 
 GEASONE, adj. Scarce, rare, seldom found 
 Errat. in Dict. 
 Jamieson evidently confounded this word with 
 
GEB 
 
 [124] 
 
 GEV 
 
 gissen, geysen, leaky, shrunk : from Icel. gisinn. 
 Whereas it is from A. -S. goesne, scarce, rare. 
 
 " Qeasone is a common M. E. word, meaning scarce. 
 See gesen in Gloss, to P. Plowman, and the Notes." 
 Skeat. 
 
 GEBLET-DOOR, (g hard), s. A recess in 
 the wall of a room to admit a small press, 
 or to form an enclosure for private pur- 
 poses ; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, II. 341, 
 Sp. C. E. gahlet. 
 
 Oeblet, goblet, dimin. of gable, is in architecture, a 
 small ornamental gable or canopy formed over a but- 
 tress, niche, etc. 
 
 GEDDART STAFF, Gedward Staff, s. 
 Forms of Jeddart-Staf. V. Jedburgh 
 Staff. 
 
 GEDLING, s. Fellow, knave; Rauf Coil- 
 year. Addit. to Gedling. 
 
 GEDOUN, s. A form of Guidon, a banner, 
 q. v.; Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot., 1513-1546, 
 note, p. 733. 
 
 GEERS (g hard), s. pi. The props and cross 
 planks used to support the roof of a coal- 
 mine ; West, of S. Also in North of E. V. 
 Geer. 
 
 GEHL-ROPE, s. y. DicT. 
 
 The etym. of this term is not A.-S. ge-heald, but 
 Swed. goling, a top-rope. 
 
 GEIR, s. A form of Gair, q. v. ; Hist. Old 
 Dundee, p. 242. 
 
 GEKGO (g soft), s. A form of Jacko, a jack- 
 daw, q. V. ; Douglas, Pal. Hon., i. 21, 
 Small's ed. 
 
 In Gloss, to this ed. the term is rendered "a 
 cuckoo:" evidently confounding it with guhgo, a cuc- 
 koo, which also occurs in Douglas (v. Virgil, xii. prol.), 
 and is generally wi"itten gukkow. 
 
 GELCOT, 5. A jacket, Burgh Recs. V. 
 Galcott. 
 
 GELL, Geld, {g hard), adj. A pron. of 
 yeld, yell, barren, not giving milk. V. 
 under Yeld. 
 
 This pron. is still common in the West of S. and 
 must have been long in use ; for the form geld oocurs 
 in the Towneley Mysteries, pp. 75, 81. 
 
 GEM, Gemme, {g hard), s. Represents the 
 common pron. of game ; Douglas, Virgil, iv. 
 prol.; also, recreation, enjoyment, gamb- 
 ling ; Rob Stene's Dream, p. 8. 
 
 GEMMEL, Gemmell, adj. Twin, double ; 
 Accts. L. H. Treas. Scot., I. 376, Dickson. 
 Lat. gemellus. So also by Douglas, Virgil, 
 X. 7 ; but as a s. meaning two-part harmony, 
 in Pal ice of Honour. 
 
 In modulation hard I play and sing 
 Faburdoun, pricksaiig, discant, countering, 
 Cant organe, figuratioun, aud gemmell. 
 
 Small's Ed., I. 20. 
 
 GENT, adj. Comely, fair, neat : still used 
 as short for genteel. V. Genty. 
 
 Gentre, Gentrie, s. Nobleness, nobility, 
 
 generosity : also used like gentrice, q. v. 
 
 And thame restor agane of hys gentre, 
 To suffir thame begravin for to be. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, xi. ch. 3. 
 
 GENYELL, s. Pron. of Ganybild, q. v. 
 GENYIE, s. V. DiCT. 
 
 In 1. 6, for Reid of Reidsioire, read Raid of Reidswire. 
 
 GEROFLEIS, Geroflee, Gerraflour, 
 
 GiRAFLOUR, GiRRAFLOUR, GiLOFER, GlL- 
 OFRE, s. A gillyflower; Sempill Ballates, 
 p. 77 : Gerajioure, Kingis Quair, st. 190, 
 O. Fr. giroflee. 
 
 GERSING, Gersin, s. Pasturage. V. 
 Gers, s. and v. 
 
 GESLIN, Gesling, {g hartl), s. A gosling. 
 V. Gaislin. 
 
 GESSERANT (g soft), s. A coat of mail 
 composed of small oblong plates or scales 
 overlapping each other, a jazerant ; Kingis 
 Quair, st. 153, Skeat's ed. Addit. to Dict. 
 
 Both Tytler's and Jamieson's renderings of this word 
 are wrong, and fail to bring out the poet's comparison 
 of the scales of the fish glittering in the sun like the 
 scales on such a coat of mail. V. Gesserawnte and 
 Jesseraunt in Halliwell's Dict. 
 
 0. Fr. jaseran, "a coate or shirt of great and close- 
 woven maile ;" Cotgr. 
 
 GEST, Geste, s. Deed, action, history, 
 tale; Douglas, Virgil, i. ch. 11. Addit. ta 
 Geist, q. V. 
 
 GET, s. Yield, produce ; also, booty, prey. 
 
 In the first sense the term is used in connection with 
 net and creel fishing ; and in the second sense it is 
 applied to the food carried by birds of prey to their 
 young. 
 
 GETLING, Gettlin, Gedling, «. Lit. a 
 dim. of get, a child, but in that sense applied 
 only to one begotten in bastardy. Most 
 commonly a term of opprobrium like fellow, 
 knave, vagabond, and confounded with gad- 
 ling ; also used colloq. like bairn, child, etc., 
 as applied to a timorous or cowardly person. 
 Addit. to Gaitling. 
 
 GETT, s. A form of gait, a road, way : 
 common-gett, highway, public road, street, 
 causeway ; Burgh Recs. 
 
 GEVIL, GevilLjS. A hand-rail. V. Gavil. 
 
GEW 
 
 [125] 
 
 GLA 
 
 GEVYELING, s. Javelin; Burgh Kecs., 
 Aberdeen, II. 27, Sp. 0. 
 
 GIBBET, Gybbate, (g soft), s. The sivee 
 or chimney crane for suspending a pot over 
 the fire; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 408, 
 Sp. C. V. Sway, Swee. 
 
 The term is still so used in variout districts of Scot. 
 
 Smaller pots whre suspended by means of the crook 
 (a series of links), and gab (a movable hook) ; but the 
 largest pots were hung on the sivee itself, or were 
 attached to it by a strong double hook called the 
 gibbet-gab. 
 
 Gibbet-pan, s. A name given to the largest 
 pot or pan used in cooking : so called because 
 it generally hung on the gibbet or swee : 
 also called kail-pat, and guse-pan. 
 
 To GIDE, Gyde, Gid, v. a. To guide; 
 Accts. L. H. Treas. Scot., I. 248, 294, 
 Dickson. 
 
 GIGLY (^ soft), adj. Unsteady, shaky, 
 likely to be upset or overturned ; West of 
 S. V. Jeegly. 
 
 GIGOT, s, V. JiGOT. 
 
 GILAVER, Gelaver, {g hard), v. and s. 
 Gossip. V. Glaver. 
 
 GILLET (g liard), s. A gelding, a riding 
 horse ; Henryson, Pari. Beistis, 1. 103. 
 Bann, MS. reads Jonet. 
 
 GILLIVER {g soft), s. 1. A form of Gill- 
 flirt, q. V. 
 
 2. A gilliflower. V. Gerofieis. 
 
 GIMELL, GiMMAL, adj. and s. V. Getnmel. 
 
 GINGEBRACE, Gingebras, Gyngibrace, 
 s. Ginger-bread, spice-cake. 
 
 This term occurs frequently in the Exchequer EoUs 
 of Scot. It was common in the West of Scot, not 
 many years ago, and has not yet quite passed away. 
 
 GINKER, s. A dancer, Fr. ginguer. Addit. 
 to GiNKER, q. V. 
 
 GINNEL, s. A runlet or narrow channel 
 for water, a street gutter : " Bairns like to 
 plouter in the ginnels.'' West of S. 
 
 This term is similarly used in the North of E. V. 
 Peacok's Gloss. 
 
 A.-S. gin, a narrow opening or channel, has been 
 given as the etym. of this word ; but more prob. 
 ghinel, like kennel with same meaning, is simply a corr. 
 of M. E. chanel, canel, 0. Fr. chanel, canel, from Lat. 
 canalis, a cutting, trench, channel. 
 
 GIRAFLOUR, Girraflour, Gerraflour, 
 
 s. V. Gerojleis. 
 
 To GIRG, Gerg, Garg, Gurg, v. n. To 
 jerk or gurgle, as when one walks with 
 water-lofTged boots. Addit. to GiRG. 
 
 GIRNAR, Girner, (g hard), s. Same as 
 GiRNALL, q.v. 
 
 GIRTH, s. A course of washing : also, a 
 supply of water prepared for washing 
 clothes, etc. Spald. Misc., I. 87, 1597. 
 
 GIRTH, GiRTHE, Gurtiie, s. A hoop, 
 band : com. pron. girr; Burgh Recs. Prest- 
 wick, p. 137, Mait. C. V. Gird. 
 
 GISE, Gyse, (g hard), s. Fashion, custom ; 
 Douglas, Virgil, v. ch. 2 : appearance, dress» 
 garb ; also, disguise, and hence giser, gysar, 
 in its later meanings. Addit. to Gyse. 
 
 GISSEN, Gissein, Gesyne, {g soft), s. 
 Childbirth, parturition. Addit. to Gizzen, 
 q.v. 
 
 Gissein-Lair, s. Child-bed ; place or time 
 of parturition. V. Jizz en-bed. 
 
 "Thow lent to Meryeoun Nasmyth ane pair of heid 
 Bcheittis in hir gissein- lair, in the quhilk thow pat in 
 thi witchecraft." Trials for Witchcraft, Spald. Misc.> 
 I. 86, 1597. 
 
 GITHORN, Gythorn, Githern, s. A 
 guitar; Douglas, Virgil, xiii. ch. 9; Houlate^ 
 1. 758. 
 
 GLAIVE, Glaue, Glayf, s. A sword, a 
 scymitar; Scott's Antiquary, ch. 40. 
 
 GLAM, s. Noise, cry, clamour : generally 
 applied to a loud prolonged cry, as of a 
 crowd or a pack of hounds ; as, "the glam 
 of the ratches." 
 
 Glamer given by Jamieson is properly a freq. of glam, 
 and implies a combination of various sounds. Indeed 
 glam and glamer are forms like chat and chatter. 
 
 For etym. see under Glamer. 
 
 To Glammer, Glamer, v. a. To shout 
 after, rail at, scold. 
 
 " . . QT^eiAy glammerandhim saiand scho suld ger 
 banys the said Schir John out of this toune." Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, 16 June, 1490, I. 46, Sp. C. 
 
 GLASSBANDS, «. pi. Strips or bands of 
 lead for securing the panes of glass in a 
 window ; Burgh Recs. Glasgow, I. 67» 
 Recs. Soc. 
 
 GLASSIN. 1. As an adj., made of glass, 
 glass, glazed: " the haill glassin wyndoes;" 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, II. 348, Sp. C. 
 
 2. As a s., glazing, filling with glass, 
 mending the glass-work : " the repairing 
 and glassin of the wyndoes;" Ibid., 11. 349, 
 Sp. C. 
 
 3. Glass-work, panes of glass, glass. 
 
 To GLAVER, Glaiver, v. n. To chatter, 
 babble, talk foolishly, gossip: part. <jrZai;m?i'. 
 
GLA 
 
 [126] 
 
 GOL 
 
 Another form is gilaver. 
 of S. 
 
 West and South 
 
 Glaver, Glaiver, s. An idle, foolish, or 
 
 gossiping talk or story : also, one who is 
 
 addicted to such gossip. Ibid. 
 
 Prob. a variety of claver : cf. Germ, hlaffen, to 
 chatter. Still, the term is common in the North of 
 Eng. also, and is found in Alliter. itom. Alexander, 1. 
 6505, meaning a gabble, chattering. 
 
 GLEBARD, 5. A glow-worm ; Henryson, 
 
 Pari. Beistis, 1. 115. M. E. globerd; 
 
 Wright's Yoc, glouberd. 
 
 This is prob. an instance of e for o : a miswriting 
 which is not uncommon in MSS. 
 
 GLEW, Glee, s. Result, outcome; hence, 
 fate, destiny ; Barbour, vi. 658. See also 
 glewis in Kingis Qaair, st. 160, Skeat's ed. 
 Addit. to Glew". 
 
 To GLIFF, Glift, Glyfte, v. n. To glance, 
 to look in a quick, hurried, or startled man- 
 ner; to glint, gleam, or glare, like a flush 
 of sunshine or a flash of light : pret., gliffed, 
 glifte, glyfte. V. Glut, s. 
 
 Fu' lang he glower'd at Jenny, 
 
 But she barely glided at him ; 
 Then he tried to think he didna care, 
 But he trimmled in lith an' lim'. 
 
 Old Song. 
 He glyfle vpe with hys eghne that graye were and grete. 
 Awntyrs of Arthur, st. 28. 
 
 Glifnit, 'pret. Glanced. V. Gliffin. 
 
 GLITNIT, part. adj. Clotted, dabbled, 
 fouled. V. Glit, Glittie. 
 
 And all his hair was glitnit full of bluide. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, ii. eh. 5. 
 
 Slime or ooze in the bed of a stream, also, the vege- 
 tation that collects on stones in half-stagnant water is 
 still called glit in the West of Scot. 
 
 To GLOIR, Glore, v. a. To glorify; 
 Douglas, Pal. Hon. prol. Addit. to Globe. 
 
 GLONDERS, s.pZ. V. Dict. 
 
 " In the glunners, glunters, or gluntx," in the glooms 
 or sulks. These forms are still used in South and West 
 of S. ; glunners being the loc. pron. of glanders, like 
 vnmners for wonders. 
 
 ** Evidently similar to glunter, which J. gives a few 
 pages further on. and u constantly interchange 
 when m or w follows." Skeat. 
 
 To GLOPPE, Gloppen, Glopne, v. n. To 
 wail, bewail, mourn with choking sighs ; 
 pret. glopt, glupt, glopned, gloppened, glop- 
 penyde ; Awntyrs of Arthur, st. 7. Errat. 
 in DiCT. 
 
 Jamieson's defin. of this v. is certainly wrong, as Sir 
 r. Madden pointed out ; and with the knowledge im- 
 plied in his note, the mistake is a strange one. To 
 gloppe, gloppen, is to gulp and wail like one in intense 
 sorrow ; and the v. had also a transitive sense, •' to 
 cause to gulp and wail," as in Morte Arthur, 1. 2580 — 
 Thowe wenys to glopne me with thy grete wordes. 
 
 Hence came the later meaning of the word, to frighten, 
 to perplex or terrify : and so we find glope in the 
 Towneley Mysteries, p. 146, meaning a surprise. V. 
 Halliwell's Dict. 
 
 To GLOTTEN, v. n. To clot, curdle, lapper: 
 pret. and part. pt. glottent, glottnit. Douglas, 
 Virgil, V. ch. 6. 
 
 GLUFF. Be ane gluff, by a glove : a symbol 
 of investiture, and of delivery. Addit. to 
 Gluff. 
 
 "The saide day [27 Aug., 1493], comperit ane richt 
 nobile and honorable mane Alexander Iruyne of 
 Drvm, . . gaff, grantit, and assignit be ane gluff to 
 Dauid Irwyne, his sone, all and hale his gudis beand 
 within the landis of Coule," &c. Burgh Kecs. Aber- 
 deen, I, 51, Sp. C. 
 
 To GO afore, Gae before, v. To fall over. 
 
 This phrase is peculiar to Orkney. If a man falls 
 over the pier, he is said to have " gaen afore the quay." 
 J. W. C. 
 
 GNEDE, adj. Sparing, scanty ; " It nas to 
 
 large ne gnede^^ it was neither too large nor 
 
 too little. 
 
 Misprinted guede in Sir Tristrem, and so given by 
 .Tamieson ; but see explanation under Guede. 
 
 GOD'S PENNY, Goddis Penny, s. An 
 old name for an earnest or arle penny, used 
 in bargain making. Also, the silver penny 
 or fine which a vassal paid to his superior on 
 entry to a holding. 
 
 " . . , at the entrie of all schips bringand in any 
 vittaillis or tymmer at the port of Leyth, that the 
 thesaurer of the towne that happinis to be for the 
 tyme profier a goddis penny and bye the same vpoun a 
 competent pryce, gif he can, to the behuif, vtility, and 
 profFeitt of the nichtbouris of the towne." Burgh 
 Bees. Edin., 1490, Bee. Soc. 
 
 Both name and custom were common in North of 
 Eng. also. V. Brockett, Halliwell. 
 
 GOIF, GoYF, GoF, Gove, Gow, Gowe, s. 
 
 The pillory. V. under Gofe. 
 
 To be put in the goif or goiv, was lit. to be set forth 
 to public gaze, or to the contempt of one's fellows : see 
 V. goif, gone, to gaze. Jamieson connects it with Icel, 
 gapa, to stare with open mouth ; Germ, gaffen. 
 
 To Goif, Goyf, Gove, v. a. To punish by 
 the goif or pillory ; Burgh Recs. Edin., I. 
 73, 201, Rec. Soc. 
 
 To GOLDER, Goller, Guller, v. n. To 
 
 talk in loud, boisterous, or domineering 
 manner; West of S. V. Golder. 
 
 To GOLF, V. n. To champ or snort, as an 
 enraged pig does while rushing along : part, 
 pr. golfing, golfand, used also as a s.: both 
 forms occur in Colkelbie Sow. Errat. in 
 Dict. 
 
 Jamieson's defin. is certainly wrong. The word is 
 still used in the West of S. 
 
GOL 
 
 [127] 
 
 GRA 
 
 Golfing, Golfand, s. Champing or snort- 
 ing of an enraged pig. 
 
 And syne thay war ourthrawin most and leist, 
 For sory swyne for thair golfing affraid, 
 Till that the pig brak fra thame in a braid. 
 
 Colkelbie Sow, 1. 740, Bann. MS. 
 
 GOLLAND, GoLLAN, s. Kagwort, a yellow 
 
 flower common in moist meadows ; Orkney. 
 
 Lit. the golden one : cf. marigold. It has the same 
 name in the North of Eug. V. Brockett's Gloss. 
 
 GOLT, s. A drain, ditch. V. Got, Gote. 
 
 GOMERIL, s. The stick on which a pig is 
 
 hung when scraped and cleaned; South of S. 
 
 This is evidently a corr. of cameral, cammeril, cam- 
 rel, q. v. 
 
 GOODSIR, s. Forefather. V. Gudsyr. 
 
 GOOSE-NESTS, s. pi. Recesses formed in 
 
 the interior walls of houses for the comfort 
 
 and convenience of the geese while sitting 
 
 on their eggs ; Orkney. 
 
 "They are mentioned in a 17th cent, specification 
 in my possession : but the custom is now nearly obso- 
 lete." J. W. C. 
 
 GORGET, GoRGYT, s. 1. Lit., little throat- 
 guard : a piece of armour to protect the 
 neck; Douglas Virgil, x. ch. 7. 
 
 The Gloss, in Small's ed. renders gorgyt, "the 
 throat. " 
 
 2. PI. gorgets, a kind of pillory : an instru- 
 ment of punishment commonly called the 
 
 jougs. 
 
 " Upon the first mercat day he shall sit in the 
 stockes in tyme of mercat betuixt ten and twelve 
 hoares befoire noon of the day; and that he shall 
 upoun the Sounday thairefter stand in the gorgets at 
 the kirk of Balmaghie at the gathering of the congre- 
 gation." Minute Book, War Com. of Covenanters in 
 Kircudbright,. 1640, 1641, p. 40. 
 
 Fr. gorge, the throat. 
 
 GOT, Gote, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Gote, a canal, drain, has no connection with gutter, a 
 run for catching drops from the eaves of a roof. The 
 one is from Du. goot, from L. Lat. gota, a canal, con- 
 duit ; the other from 0. Fr. gutiere, from Lat. gutta, 
 a drop. 
 
 GOT-SEAME, Got-same, s. V. Gut-same. 
 
 GOUGE, s. A wench ; Scott, Fair Maid of 
 Perth, ch. 12. V. Gudget. 
 
 O. Fr. gouge, id. 
 
 GOVPEERD, part.pt Goffered, i.e. crimped, 
 puckered, or impressed with goffering 
 irons. Addit. to Goupherd, q. v. 
 
 This is simply a bad spelling of E. goffered or gauf- 
 fered (V. Webster's Diet) : hence, the etymology is 
 wrong. Under Gowfre, however, Jamieson has given 
 it correctly. 
 
 GOVIS, GowES, Gowe, s. Y. Gofe, Goif. 
 
 GOWK, s. V. DiCT. 
 
 As noted under Gaukie, the best etym. for this term 
 is Icel. gauhr, a cuckoo. 
 
 Regarding the form golk, Prof. Skeat explains that 
 it is simply an example of gokk written with Ik for kk : 
 a practice that is not uncommon in MSS. 
 
 Gowk's-Spittle, s. V. DiCT. 
 
 In English cuckoo-spittle. 
 
 GRADELY, Graidly, adj. and adv. Order- 
 ly, skilful, proper; completely, decently. 
 V. Graid, Graith. 
 
 To GRAISLE, Grasle, Grassil. 1. As a 
 V. n., to grate, grind, crackle ; Douglas, 
 Virgil, i. ch. 2 : also, to frizzle, crackle, 
 crumple ; West of S. 
 
 2. As a V. a., to grind, champ, gnash ; Ibid., 
 
 viii. ch. 4, iii. ch. 10. 
 
 0. Fr. greziller, to wriggle, frizzle, crumple, crackle, 
 V. Cotgr. Diet. 
 
 GRAITH, adj. V. DiCT. 
 
 Prof. Skeat has pointed out that this term is not 
 from the A.-S., but from Icel. greithr, ready; and that 
 the Icel. has adj. s., and v., all three, viz. greithr, 
 ready, greithi, arrangement, and greitha, to arrange. 
 
 GRANE, s. 1. Branch, &c. V. Grain. 
 
 2. PI. granis, spikes as in grass or corn in 
 the ear ; Houlate, 1. 26. Addit. to^GRAiN. 
 Dan. grein, a branch ; Icel. greina, to divide. 
 
 GRANIS, Granys, Graynis, s.pl. Grains 
 or kermes, cochineal, a dye-stuff; Burgh 
 Recs. Edin., I. 241, Rec. Soc. : in grayne^ 
 dyed with grains, dyed-fast, fast-coloured, 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 155. 
 
 Cochineal {coccus ilicis), Ital. grana, produced the 
 best and fastest colour of its kind : hence, in grane, 
 in grayne, ingrain, came to mean fast-coloured, fast- 
 dyed, fast. 
 
 To GRATIFIE, v. a. Lit., to show favour 
 or respect for one : to give a gratuity, pre- 
 sent, or reward in addition to wages ; part, 
 pt. gratifeit, gratifiit. 
 
 " . . and be ressone thai ar recommendit be his 
 Majestic for thair guid service the tyme of thair atten- 
 dance upoun his Hienes service, thairfoir the saidis 
 prorest, baillies, and counsall hes ordanit the saidis 
 hagbutteris to be gratifeit with the soume of ane hun- 
 dreth merkis, by and attour the soume of money sett 
 doune for ane daylie wage to thame," &c. Burgh 
 Eecs. Glasgow, I. 135, Rec. Soc. 
 
 GRAY, s. A light wind, a gentle breeze : 
 Orkney. 
 
 Prob. so called from its effect on the surface of a 
 calm sea : Dan. graane, to grow gray or cloudy, to 
 lower. 
 
 GRAYBE ARD, s. A form of stoneware jug. 
 Addit. to Graybeard, q.v. 
 
 Prob. so J named from its spout being fashioned 
 like an old man's face with a long pointed beard. The 
 jug is still common. 
 
GRE 
 
 [128] 
 
 GUT 
 
 GREIS, s. pi. Under this heading in DiCT. 
 delete quotation from Gawan and Golacrros, 
 which is misplaced ; also the last para, from 
 Garatourisj which is wrong. V. under 
 Garatour. 
 
 To GRENE, V. n. V. Dict. 
 
 The best form of etym. for this term is Icel. gima, 
 to desire, or A.-S. gyman, to yearn, be desirous. " I'm 
 just girnan to get it," is a common expression in the 
 West of S. when a person is longing for something that 
 he likes. 
 
 GREWLINGIS, adv. V. Groflins, Grof- 
 lins. 
 
 GRIES, s. V. DiOT. 
 
 Delete this entry entirely : it is altogether wrong. 
 The expression stanerie greis, lit. stony steps or fiats, 
 means gravelly beds or slopes : they are still called 
 staner beds in the West of S. 
 
 GRIPPER, Gripper-owre-ouilles, s. A 
 
 midwife, Orkney. 
 
 The second form is confined to the South Isles of 
 Orkney. 
 
 GROFE, Groffe, 5. The belly. V. Groof. 
 
 Groflins, Groflingis, Grooflins, Groo- 
 LiNS, adv. Lying on the belly or with 
 face downwards. Syn. on groufe, agroufe. 
 Addit. to Dict. V. Grufe, Groufe. 
 
 GROWCH, V. and s. V. Gruch. 
 
 GRUGSY, adj. Dirty, coarse-looking, slov- 
 enly; gen. applied to an untidy woman, 
 Orkney. Prob. a var. of Grousum, q. v. 
 
 GRULINGIS, adv. Gol. and Gawane, st. 
 79. Short for Grufelingis. V. Groflins. 
 
 GRUNE, MS. grunye. V. DiCT. 
 
 Regarding this entry the following note by Professor 
 Skeat is important : — 
 
 "It ought to be noted that the Edin. MS. has not 
 got grunye, as J. says. I believe I read it as grune ; 
 and I ought to have noted it as the reading of that 
 MS. The Camb. MS. has grund like the editions." 
 
 Grune means " groin," snout, ness, or headland ; Fr. 
 groin, " snout," Cotgr. The place particularly meant 
 is not quite certain, as any headland might have been 
 so called. But there is evidence that Corunna was 
 also called "the Groyne;" and Corunna may there- 
 fore be meant. See Notes and Queries, 6 S. xi. 416, 
 23 May, 1885. 
 
 GRUNSEL, s. The common pron. of ground- 
 sel (Senecio vulgaris^ Linn), or ragwort. 
 So pronounced in North of Eng. also. 
 
 GRUPPy, adj. Close-fisted. V. Grippy. 
 
 GRYLLES, s. pi. Errat. in Dict. for 
 Gylles, glens. V. Gill. 
 
 A misreading in Pinkerton's version. In the same 
 line there is another, — grenes for grmes, groves. V. 
 Greue. 
 
 GUEDE. V. Dict. 
 
 This entry is altogether wrong. The following ex 
 planation is by Professor Skeat : — 
 
 ' ' Guede is simply a misprint for gnede, sparing, 
 scanty. ' It nas to large ne gnede," — it was neither 
 too big nor too little. This correction is made in 
 Stratmann's Diet., s. v. gnede. There is no such word 
 as guede, but gnede is common : Matzner gives 13 
 quotations for it. And see gnedy in Gloss, to P. 
 Plowman." 
 
 GUFF, GuFT, s. A whiff, puff; also, a 
 slight breeze, light wind; West of S. 
 Addit. to Guff, q. v. 
 
 GUHYT. L. Gyhyt, pret. Lit. guided it, 
 i.e. arranged, disposed, or managed it. V. 
 DiCT. for quotation. 
 
 Jamieson's explanation and etym. of this term are 
 wrong. The form gyhyt is for gy-it, guided it, as ex- 
 plained above ; and quhyl is for guy-yt, another form of 
 gy-it. 
 
 Gy or guy, to guide, is from O. Fr. guier, id. ; and 
 the form gy is common in Chaucer. See explanations 
 of Guide in Dict. 
 
 GUIDS, GuDis, GUDES, s.pl Cattle, live 
 stock ; Burgh Recs. Prestwick, Peebles, 
 
 &C. V. GUD. 
 
 Peacock in his Gloss, of Lonsdale gives goods as a 
 common term for cattle in that district of the North 
 of E. 
 
 GUKKIT, adj. V. Gowkit, Guckit. 
 GULSET, s. Jaundice, Compl. Scot. V. 
 
 GULSA. 
 
 GULSCH, GuLSH, s. A glutton ; one who 
 eats greedily; applied also to one who is 
 over-corpulent. West of S. V. Gulshy. 
 
 GUMPTIOUS, adj. Self-important, forward, 
 pretentious, fault-finding, quan-elsome. V. 
 GUJEPTIOX. 
 
 GUNNALS, GuNNLES, s. pi. 1. Gills. V. 
 
 GlXNLES. 
 
 2. Jowls, great hanging cheeks ; West of S. 
 
 GuNNALD, GuxxLED, adj. With great jowls 
 or hanging cheeks. Used also as a s. and 
 applied to persons and animals ; Ibid. 
 
 Mony long tutliit bore, 
 And mony gait come befoir. 
 And mony grit gunnald ; 
 Gruntillot and Gamald. 
 
 Colkdbie Smo, 1. 227. 
 
 Left undefined in Dict. The suggestion given is 
 wrong. Cf. Icel. gin, the mouth of a beast, gjolnar, 
 the gills of a fish. 
 
 GUSE-PAN, s. A pan for stewing a goose : 
 also, a name for the largest pot or pan used 
 in cooking. Addit. to Guse-pan. V. 
 Gibbet-pan. 
 
 GUT-SAME, GoT-SAinE, Got-seame, s. 
 Gut-fat, tallow, lard; got-seame, Blame ot 
 Kirkburiall, ch. 4. 
 
GYD 
 
 [129] 
 
 HAI 
 
 GYDING {g hard), s. Occupation, employ- 
 ment, work: sy n. prettik, prattik. 
 
 ". . . young fallowis and young husis, haflfand 
 na prettik nor seruice to life vpon . . , pas in 
 service or sum honest gyding to sustene them vpon, 
 vnder the payne of banesing this towne for yeir and 
 day." Burgh Kecs. Edin,, 3 Oct., 1505, Rec. Soc. 
 
 GYLL {g hard), s. A glen. Y. Gill. 
 GYLOMYS, Gylumis, {g hard), s. pi. Guid- 
 
 ing ropes used in lifting heavy blocks or 
 bales with a crane, windlass, &c. ; Burgh 
 Recs. Edinburgh, II. 325, Rec. Soc. Syn. 
 gi/-tows, which is still used. 
 
 A compound of gy, to guide, and lome, a utensil, 
 instrument. V. under Gy, v. 
 
 GY-TOWES, Gy-toavs, 
 GylomySj q. v. 
 
 s. pi. Same 
 
 as 
 
 H. 
 
 HABERGEON, Habirgeon, s. Dimin. of 
 hauberk: a piece of defensive armour for 
 the neck, consisting of the gorget only 
 when made of plate, and of sleeves and 
 gorget when composed of chain ; Douglas, 
 Virgil, iii., ch. 6 : habbiegoun, Lyndsay, II., 
 178, Laing's ed. 
 The habergeon was really a breast-protector. 
 
 HAENA, Henna, Hinna. Common and 
 coll. forms of have not. 
 
 While some puir creatures haena where to lay 
 Their heads, nor yet as much as for a meal would pay. 
 Alex. Wilson's Poems, p. 321, ed. 1876. 
 
 Henna and hinna represent the common pron. in the 
 West of S. Henna and hanna are the forma in the 
 North of E. V. Brockett's Gloss. 
 
 HAFFLINS-WAYS, Halflin-wise, adv. 
 
 In a slight measure, more or less ; also, 
 
 half-heartedly, undecidedly, reluctantly, as, 
 
 " She haflin-ivise consented." V. Halflin. 
 
 But, faith ! the birkie wants a Manse, 
 
 So, cannilie he hums them ; 
 Altho' his carnal wit an' sense 
 Like hafflinsways o'ercomes him 
 At times that day. 
 
 Burns, Holy Fair, st. 17. 
 
 HAG-MATINES. V. Dict. 
 
 Certainly hag must be deleted. It mars both sense 
 and measure, and the line is complete and clear with- 
 out it. Prob. the scribe had begun to write holy a 
 second time, and, observing his error, left the word 
 unfinished and undeleted. 
 
 HAID. Have it : a coll. form still in use. 
 
 His hois thay war of the reid Skarlet maid — 
 Begaryt all with sindrie silkis hew, 
 Of nedill wark richt richelie all resplaid. 
 Of biggest bind as he thocht best to haid, 
 Or ladyis hand with nedill culd it sew. 
 
 Rolland, Court of Venus, i. 122, S.T.S. 
 
 To HAIK, V. a. To beat, batter, drive or 
 knock out of one's way. Addit. to Haik, 
 q. v. 
 (Sup.) R 
 
 Heaped; Burgh Recs. 
 happit, West of S. V. 
 
 But an auld cripple sailor cam' hame frae the Main, 
 Wha had left hame a callant, an' Nanny a wean. 
 An' he swore he wad lay my back laigh on the plain, 
 But I haikit him weel, an' wad do it again. 
 
 James Ballantine, Whistle Binkie, II. 3. 
 
 To HAIK, V. n. To tramp, trudge, or wend 
 one's way : the act implies considerable 
 exertion or endurance. Addit. to Haik. 
 
 The Musk, the lytill Mous with all hir micht 
 With haist scho haikit unto that hill of hicht. 
 
 Henryson, Pari, of Beistis, 1. 124. 
 
 HAIPIT, part. pt. 
 Aberdeen, I. 191 
 Hap. 
 
 HAIRSE, s. A bier ; also, a carriage for a 
 dead body. Addit. to Hairse, q. v. 
 
 This form simply represents the pron. of E. hearse. 
 M. E. herse, a frame for lights in a church, a bier, a 
 carriage for the dead. 
 
 The etym. given in Dict. is wrong. V. under 
 Hearse. 
 
 To HAISLE, V. a. To sun-dry. V. Aisle. 
 
 Haisle is still common in Ayrshire, and is generally 
 used in reference to cloth or clothes. 
 
 To HAISRE, Haizre, Hazre, Haze, v. a. 
 
 To half -dry or partially dry cloth or clothes 
 
 in the open air, i.e., to dry such articles on 
 
 the surface only. 
 
 Haisre is used in various districts of S. besides 
 Ayrs., which is given in Dict. It is properly a dimin. 
 of Jiaze, to lay on a hedge, to hedge-dry clothes, and 
 hence to dry clothes in the open air, or, as in Halli- 
 well's Diet., " to dry linuen, etc." But although still 
 so used in the East of Eng., haze has lost its original 
 meaning in Scot., and is now used only as a contr. 
 form of its dimin. haisre. 
 
 Haiserd, Haizert, Hazed, part. pt. Half- 
 dried, partially-dried, dried on the surface. 
 Addit. to Haizert, q. v. 
 
 The etym. suggested in the Dict. is incorrect and 
 wide of the mark. As stated above, haisre is a fre- 
 quent, of haise, or as more commonly spelled haze, to 
 
HAI 
 
 [130] 
 
 BAR 
 
 lay on a hedge, to hedge-dry ; from 0. Fr. haie, haye, 
 a hedge. 
 
 HAIVLES, adj. Destitute. V. Hafles. 
 
 HAK, Hayk, s. a hook; reaping-hook, 
 
 fishing-hook, &c. ; Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 
 
 100; Burgh Recs. Prestwick, p. 51, Mait. C. 
 
 Icel, haki, Swed. hahe, Dan. hage, Du. haak, a hook. 
 
 HALF ATT, .s. V. Haffit. 
 
 HALFERS, s. Half -share; but generally 
 
 interpreted half-mine. V. under Halfer. 
 
 When one of a party unexpectedly finds a piece of 
 money or other article of value, the first in calling 
 "halfers" is supposed to have a right to share to that 
 extent with the finder. 
 
 HALF-LADE, s. A large cassie, or straw 
 
 basket, used in Orkney. V. Cassie. 
 
 Lit. a half -load : and so called because two of these 
 baskets, when filled and slung on a pack-saddle, form 
 a load for a pony. 
 
 HALF-ONE, s. A term in golfing; a 
 handicap of a stroke deducted every second 
 hole. 
 
 HALTS, s. A hall or covered market for the 
 sale of provisions, etc. Errat. in Dict. 
 
 The definition and explanation given in the Dict. 
 are altogether wrong. As pointed out by Prof. Skeat 
 the term halts is simply the pi. of O. Fr. hale, a hall, a 
 covered market : or, as Cdtgrave explains it, ' ' An 
 open Market house or hall standing on pillers ; " and 
 then he adds — "Les hales. Such a Market house, 
 hall, or Shambles wherein flesh and other victuals are 
 sold." 
 
 Mod. Fr. halle, a market ; of German origin ; 
 Brachet. 
 
 HALSLOCK, Halslok, s. and adj. V. 
 Haslock. 
 
 HALVED, part. pa. A term used in golfing ; 
 applied to a match which results in a 
 drawn game ; also applied to a hole, when 
 each party takes the same number of 
 strokes to play it. 
 
 To HAM, V. n. A form of Hum, q. v. 
 
 The term is so pron. in Orkney. 
 
 To HAMEL, Hamble, v. a. V. Hummel, 
 
 This form of the word is used in Orkney. 
 
 HAAHLT, adj. A form of Hamald, q. v. ; 
 Whistle Binkie, II. 15. 
 
 HAMLIN, Hamlan, «. A cross, wile, trick ; 
 pi. hamlins, hamlans, applied to the doub- 
 ling, tricks, and pretences of a fox. V. 
 Hammle. 
 
 To HAMMER, v. n. To stutter, stammer, 
 or hesitate in speaking, S. 
 
 HAN'-DARG, s. Handiwork, hand-labour ; 
 also, what one wins by labour. V. Darg. 
 
 Himsel, a wife, he thus sustains, 
 A smytrie o' wee duddie weans, ' 
 An' nought but his han' darg to keep 
 Them right an' tight in thack an' rape. 
 
 Burns' Twa Dogs. 
 
 HANDLING, Handlin, Hanlin, s. A 
 
 discussion, altercation, quarrel : a merry- 
 making, a meeting of friends or opponents 
 for discussion; a soiree is often called a 
 tea-hanlan ; West of S. 
 
 To HANDFAST, v. a. V. Handfast. 
 
 HANDSHARP, Handschairp, adj. Bare- 
 handed, scantily possessed or supplied, 
 straitened ; '* handschairp in thair geir," 
 straitened in their circumstances ; Spald. 
 Misc., L 95. 
 
 HANG, pret. Hung ; this form is still used. 
 
 V. HiNG. 
 
 There saw I stand. In capis wyde and lang 
 A full grete nowmer ; hot thaire hudis all. 
 Wist I noght quhy, atoure thair eyen hang. 
 
 Kingis Quliair, st 81, ecL Skeat, S.T.S. 
 With bow In hand, that bent full redy was. 
 And by him Imng thre arowis In a cas. 
 
 Ihid.y St. 94. 
 
 Hanging, adj. A term in golfing applied to 
 a ball which lies on a downward slope. 
 
 HANING, Hantng, Haining, adj. Close, 
 hedged, preserved ; hanyng tyme, cropping 
 time, while the fields or crops were enclosed 
 in order to keep out cattle ; also, close 
 time, while the common was closed in order 
 to preserve the grass. V. Hain, Hane. 
 
 ". . . not to suffer ony of thair bestial to gang 
 lows pasturand . . . vnles the samyn guddis be 
 sufficientlie tedderit in hanyng tyme." Burgh Kecs. 
 Prestwick, 2 Oct., 1605, Mait.'C. 
 
 ". . . the Vanelaw [a common of the burgh] to 
 be proclamit waist, seute, and hanyng." Burgh Recs. 
 Peebles, 25 Apr., 1571. Rec. Soc. 
 
 HANKLE, Hancle, s. A form of Hantle, 
 q. V. 
 
 HANSEL-WIFE, s. The woman who 
 distributes the hansel at a marriage, 
 generally, the bride's mother ; Orkney. V. 
 Hansel, under Hand. 
 
 HANT, s. Short for hantle, number, plenty, 
 abundance. V. Hantle. 
 
 I Nil it gif without ane gold Besant. 
 Forsuith, said he, of sic I haue na liant. 
 
 Rolland, Court of Vemcs, i. 894, S.T.S. 
 
 HANT, s. Custom, practice, habit ; lit. 
 haunt "Ye'll ne'er turn an auld cat fra 
 ill hants." 
 
 HARBRY, Herberie, s. Harbourage, shel- 
 ter, accommodation, lodging, entertainment; 
 Houlate, L 945, Bann. MS, Addit. to 
 Harberie. 
 
HAR 
 
 [131] 
 
 HAW 
 
 HARDLEYS, Hardltes, adv. Hardly, 
 scarcely ; commonly pron. harlies ; a vulgar 
 form of hardly. 
 Commoa in North of E. also. V. Brockett's Grloss. 
 
 To HARM, V. n. To fret, grumble, be 
 peevish or ill-natured ; Orkn. 
 
 Ill the West of S. hirm is used ia the same senses. 
 
 Harmin, s. Fretfulness, peevishness, grum- 
 bling; Ibid. 
 
 Dan. harm, vexation, grief : harmes, to grieve, to be 
 sorrowful. 
 
 To HARNAS, Hernes, v. a. To mount, 
 garnish, ornament, decorate ; part. pt. her- 
 nessit, Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 83, Dickson. 
 Addit. to [Harnas]. 
 
 "In the fyrst, a belt of crammassy hernessit with 
 gold and braid. " Ibid. 
 
 HARNESS, Harnish, s. and adj. Shawls 
 of a particular pattern ; Alex. Wilson's 
 Poems, p. 60, ed. 1876 : harness-weaver, 
 harnish-weaver ; West of S. 
 
 HARROBLE, s. a bar or spar of a harrow; 
 
 pi. harrohles ; Orkn. 
 
 Dan. harve-bul, a harrow-bar ; Larsen. A com- 
 pound of harv, a harrow, and bul, a bar or spar. 
 Icel. herfi-bulla. 
 
 HARROKIT, Harrikit, adj. and s. Hair- 
 brained ; a form of Hallokit, q. v. 
 
 West of S. 
 
 This term is pron. Tiarrygaud and haddygaud, in 
 North of E. V. Brockett's Gloss. 
 
 HARSKY, adj. Of a rough, coarse nature ; 
 but generally used like harsk, rough, coarse ; 
 Henryson, Paddok and Mous, 1. 46. V. 
 Harsk. 
 
 HARTH, adj. Sharp-pointed, protruding; 
 like the bones of a lean animal. A form of 
 Harsk, q. v. 
 
 Thy hanchis hurklis, with hukebanis harth and haw. 
 
 Dunbar and Kennedy, 1. 181, S.T.S. 
 
 HAS-BEEN, Hes-Been, s. A thing of the 
 past ; applied to any thing that formerly 
 was useful or valuable, but is now worn out 
 or decayed. Addit. to Has-Been. 
 
 hnprimi^ then, for carriage cattle, 
 I have four brutes o' gallant mettle 
 As ever drew afore a pettle ; 
 My Lan" afore 's a gude auld has-been, 
 An' wight an' wilfu' a' his days been. 
 
 Burns, The Inventory, 1. 8. 
 
 Lan-afore, the fore horse on the left hand in the 
 plough. 
 
 " And although it [the liberty of Kirkburial] was 
 long held as indifferent in the doylde dayes, yet being 
 now but vmwhile, and as an hes-beene, should neuer be 
 more." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 19. 
 
 This term is also used in Shropshire. 
 
 HASEWAITHE, s. 
 
 " . . . una cum le wrak, wattell, waithe, et 
 Msewaithe." Reg. Mag. Sig., 1424-1513, No. 1376. 
 
 HASLETS, Hauslets, s. pi. The inwards 
 
 of an animal ; the heart, liver, and lights : 
 
 also called pluck, and numbles. 
 
 O. Fr. hastilles, "Th' inwards of a beast; as a hog's 
 haslet, calues gather, sheepes plucke. etc." Cotgr. 
 
 HASSBILES, s. pi. A skin disease peculiar 
 
 to infancy : it produces patches of dry scab 
 
 on the head ; Orkn. 
 
 Dan. haus, the skull, and byld, a boil : Norse fiam, 
 and bolde : Icel. hauss, and bdla. 
 
 HATESUM, Haitsum, adj. Hateful, hated; 
 causing or yielding hate ; Douglas, Virgil, 
 Bk. XI., ch. 4. 
 
 HATRANCE, s. Hatred; also, hindrance, 
 
 as in the phrase, " moy nor hatrance," i.e., 
 
 help nor hindrance. V. Hatrent. 
 
 ", . noyther for fauour, priar, nor price, moy nor 
 hatrance, but efter thair sauU and conscience, as thai 
 wald ansuyr to the great trod, to the kingis grace, and 
 towne of Abirdene, tharvpone." Burgh Recs. Aber- 
 deen, I. 171, Sp. C. 
 
 HAUDIN, Hadin, s. Generally applied to 
 a house or land held on lease ; as, " a big 
 haudin," a large farm : it is also applied to 
 one's income or means of living, i.e., icp- 
 holding. Addit. to Halding, Haddix. 
 
 I can say for mysel', tho' my haudin 's been sma'. 
 That I'm weel up in years noo, yet guddlin' awa' : 
 My frien's hae been kind, an' I freely admit, 
 "I hae aye been provided for, an' sae may I yet." 
 
 Walter Watson's Poems, p. 134. 
 
 To HAUGH, Hawk, v. a. and n. V. 
 Hauch. 
 
 HAVIL-CROOK, s. A form of avail-crook, 
 lowering-crook : the iron chain and hooks 
 used for suspending pots over a fire. The 
 term sometimes includes both the swee and 
 the crook Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 451, 
 Sp. C. V. AvAiLL, A vale. 
 
 Fr. avaler, to lower. 
 
 HAW, adj. Hollow, shrunk, wasted : " with 
 hukebanis harth and haw" i.e., sharp and 
 shrunk; Dunbar and Kennedy, 1. 181. The 
 common form is How, q. v. 
 
 HAW-GAW, Haugaw, Hauka, s. A rag 
 
 or refuse gatherer, a midden-raker. 
 
 This term is composed of hauk, to rake, to use the 
 hauk or dung-fork, and gaw, a furrow, drain, dung- 
 stead. 
 
 HAWYNE, s. Haven, harbour; Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, I. 38, Sp. C. 
 A.-S. hcefene, Icel. ho/n, Dan. havn, a harbour. 
 
HAY 
 
 [132] 
 
 HEK 
 
 HAYND, s. Breath ; Douglas, Virgil, Bk. 
 vii., ch. 9. A form of Aynd, q. v. 
 
 HAZARD, s. A general term in golfing for 
 a piece of bad ground, such as a bunker, 
 whin, etc. 
 
 To HAZE, V. a. Now used as a contr. form 
 of Haisre, q. v. 
 
 This word originally meant "to lay on a hedge," to 
 hedge-dry cloth or clothes, and by and bye simply to 
 dry clothes in the open air, or, as in Halliwell's Diet., 
 "to dry linen, etc." Hence came the dimin. haisre, 
 to half-dry or partially dry clothes. Haze, however, 
 has lost its original meaning, and is now used as a 
 contr. form of its dimin. haisre. 
 
 HEARSE, Herse, s. A frame for lights, 
 candle or taper-holder : " ane bracine 
 hearse" a chandelier of brass ; Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, HI. 69, 121, IV. 219, Rec. Soc. 
 
 The herse was an open framework of wood or metal 
 which was placed, during a funeral service, as a 
 canopy over the coffin and covered with lighted tapers. 
 Also, a similar permanent framework of metal occa- 
 sionally placed over recumbent monumental effigies, 
 on which lighted tapers were placed at the celebration 
 of the obit and anniversary of the deceased, and on 
 some other occasions. 
 
 So named from its resemblance to a triangular har- 
 row. Lat. hirpex, a harrow, whence O. Fr. Jierce, 
 M. E. and Mod. Fr. herse. V. Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 HEARSE, Haerse, adj. Hoarse. V. 
 Hairse. 
 
 HEART-AXES, s. V. Dict. 
 
 The etyiii. given in Dict. is wrong. The axes is not 
 A.-S. ece, ache, but the Fr. acc4s, an attack of illness. 
 
 HEAVY - HEH)IT, Hevie - Heidit, adj. 
 Drowsy, listless, dull, gloomy, apathetic. 
 
 The last and worst is callit^Melancoly : 
 Soure, sorrowful, Inuious, cauld and dry : 
 Drowpond, dreidfull, gredie, and vntrew : 
 Heuie-heidit, and feindill in game or glew. 
 
 Rolland, Court of Venus, Prol. 31, S.T.S. 
 *' Having a big heavy head ; " Gloss. This is a mis- 
 take. A\bo feindill, which is rendered "ill-natured," 
 is a misreading of seindill, seldom. 
 
 HEBAWDE, s. An owl. 
 
 Homit Hebawde, quhilk clepe we the nycht owle. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, vii. Prol., ed. Small. 
 
 HECK, Heik, Hike. A carter's call to his 
 horse when he wishes it to draw towards 
 him, i.e. to turn to the left. For " turn to 
 the right," he calls " jee." 
 
 A common saying regarding a stubborn, intractable 
 person is, " He'll neither heck nor jee." V. Jbe. 
 
 HECKLE, s. Short for heckle-pin, a pin or 
 tooth of a heckle, a sharp steel spike, Burns, 
 Address to the toothache, st. 3. Addit. to 
 Heckle. 
 
 To HEDE and hang. To behead and 
 hang ; to punish with the utmost severity. 
 
 Sum sayis ane King is cum amaug us, 
 That purposis to hede and hang us. 
 
 Lyndsay, Thrie Estaitis, 1. 3219, ed. Laii)g. 
 This phrase may refer to the beheading and sub- 
 sequent suspension of the body in chains, or, more 
 probably, to the two forms of capital punishment, 
 decapitation and hanging : if so, the meaning is to 
 inflict capital punishment, to execute. 
 
 HEEL, s. and v. The heel of a golfing club 
 is the part of the head which is nearest to 
 the shaft; and to heel is to strike or hit 
 with this part. 
 
 HEGGERBALD, Heggirbald, Haggar- 
 BALD, s. Lean and scraggy one, lank and 
 towsie loun. Lit. an adj., meaning marked 
 or formed like a heron. V. Hegrie. 
 
 Fowl! heggirbald, for hennis thus will ye hang. 
 
 Dunbar and Kennedy, 1. 149, Laing's Ed. 
 Jamieson left this term undefined, but suggested a 
 meaning which does not suit the sense of the two 
 passages in which the word occurs. The one now 
 given does Icel. /legri, a heron, Swed. hager : and bald, 
 M. E. balled, marked or formed, from Gael, bal, a spot 
 or mark. 
 
 HEIDING-SWERD, s. Beheading sword. 
 
 " ordanis Robert Glen, thesaurer, 
 
 to ressaue fra Williame Makcartnay his tua handit 
 sword to be vsit for ane heiding-sword, becaus the auld 
 sword is failyeit, and to gif him five pound thairfor." 
 Burgh Recs. Edin., 3 Feb., 1564-5, Rec. Soc. 
 
 HEID-ROUME, s. Head or outer bound- 
 ary of a feu or toft, i.e. the outer boundary 
 of a head-room. Addit. to Heid-Roume, 
 q.v. 
 
 In 1572 the inhabitants of Peebles resolved to 
 enclose the town with a wall ; and that it might be 
 built as speedily as possible they ' ' statute and ordanit 
 euery ane to big thair awne heid-roome betuix the 
 Tolbuth to Peblis brig, and sua about the south syde 
 of the toone to the Eist Werk ; the haill commuuite 
 to help to big it with dry stanis sa sone and sa fare as 
 is within thameselffis, and quhair superabundance of 
 stanis is to help vtheris thairwith that mistaris, and 
 this to be done within viiij nychtis. " 
 
 To HEIF, V. n. To heave, labour ; Douglas, 
 
 King Hart, L 116, ed. Small. E. heave. 
 
 A.-S. hebban, to lift, raise, elevate ; Du. heffen, Dan. 
 hoRve. 
 
 HEISK, HiSK, adj. Heady, nervous, ex- 
 cited, crazie ; Orkn. 
 
 Norse hesk, somewhat heady. Cf. Dan. Jiidsig, hot- 
 headed ; from hidse, to heat. 
 
 HEK, s. V. Heck. 
 
 HEKLIT, Hekillit, part. pt. Formed or 
 fashioned like a monk's cowl. 
 
 His hude was reid heklit atouir his croun, 
 Lyke to ane Poeit of the auld fassoun. 
 
 Henryson, Testament of Cresseid, 1, 244. 
 His hude of scarlet bordourit weill with silk. 
 On hekillit wyis, untill his girdill doun. 
 
 Ibid., Prol. Lyoun and Afous, 1. 32. 
 
 Prof. Skeat explains the term thus : — " It means a 
 hood furnished with or fashioned like a monk's cowl. 
 
HEL 
 
 [133] 
 
 HEU 
 
 which completely covered the crown. Icel. hokull, 
 a priest's cope : whence hekla, a kind of cowled or 
 hooded frock, mount Hecla (Hekla) with its hood of 
 snow. A.-S. hcecile, Gothic hakul : M. E. hakel, in 
 Gawayne (Stratmann)." 
 
 HELE, s. Health, healing, cure, consolation, 
 well-being, welfare; "in guid hele and pro- 
 speritie," Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 28, Sp. 
 0. ; " confort and hele,'^ Kingis Quair, st. 
 74 ; " hertis hele," heart-ease, consolation. 
 Ibid., St. 169, 191, ed. Skeat. Addit. to 
 Heil, q. V. 
 
 To HELP, V. a. To improve, mend, repair, 
 renovate ; pret. and part, pt., helpit ; 
 Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, HI. 279, Rec. Soc. 
 
 " . . . thair ar sindrie defectis in the letter of 
 gildrie, quhilk by gude advyse and deliberatioun mon 
 1)6 helpit and reformit. " Burgh Recs. Glasgow, I. 341, 
 Rec. Soc. 
 
 '• . . . qnhilk stane wes ordanit to be helpit in 
 the sauser mark thairof . " Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, II. 
 322, Sp. C. This was one of the march-stones of the 
 burgh, and its marks had become defaced. 
 
 HELY-HOW, s. V. under How. 
 
 HEMS, Hemmis, s. pi V. Haims. 
 
 HEND, Hende, adj. Gentle, courteous ; 
 Houlate, 1. 325 : also, bright, comely, fair, 
 as " hendest of hewis ;" Ibid., 1. 893. 
 
 It is also used as a s. ; see under Heynd : and some- 
 times as an adv., meaning carefully, kindly, lovingly, 
 as in — 
 
 He gart hallowe the hart, and syne couth it hyng, 
 About his hals full hende, and on his awne hart. 
 
 Houlate, 1. 477, Asloan MS. 
 Addit. to Heynd, Henb, q. v. 
 
 HEN-LAFT, s. The joists or banks of a 
 
 house ; also, the space above the joists. 
 
 Country houses long ago were generally of but one 
 story, with thatched roof and open ceiling. The 
 • joists or banks, being the recognised place for the poul- 
 try to roost during night, were called the hen-laft. 
 And as household and other implements, and articles 
 that were cumbersome or not much in use, were 
 stowed away upon or above the joists, they were said 
 to be kept in the hen-laft. And many a mother has 
 brought order out of disorder by threatening to send 
 the naughty ones "to bide in the hen-laft." 
 
 HEP, pret. and part. Heaped, piled up : hep- 
 mesour, heaped - measure, heap - measure ; 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 335, Sp. C. 
 
 HERBERE, ^. A garden-plot or bed ; 
 Kingis Quair, st. 31, 32. Addit. to Her- 
 
 BERE, q. V. 
 
 As pointed out by Prof. Skeat in his ed. of The 
 Kingis Quair, the latter half of Jamieson's note on this 
 term is a mistake. Delete from "It would seem," &c. 
 
 HERE, s. V. Heer. 
 
 HEREDATION, s. The act of inheriting ; 
 also, right by inheritance : Blame of Kirk- 
 buriall, ch. 19. V. Acquisition. 
 
 Lat. hceres, an heir. 
 
 HERES, HERS, s. pi. Payments, rewards, 
 dues ; as the dues payable to a miller and 
 his men ; Burgh Rees. Edinburgh, IV. 306, 
 Rec. Soc. 
 A.-S. hyr, hire, wages; Swed. hyra, Dan. hyre. 
 
 HERKNERE, s. Listener: "the herhiere 
 bore," the keen or quick-eared boar, Kingis 
 Quair, St. 156, ed. Skeat, S. T. S. 
 
 HERLIE, Herely, Heirly, adj. and adv. 
 Lordly, like a lord or chief, proudly ; 
 Houlate, 1. 846, 898. Addit. to Heklich. 
 
 HERN, Harn, 5. and adj. Linen: '^hern- 
 thread, /jgrw-weaver, /iarn-weaver." Short 
 for Hardin, q. v. 
 
 HERNESSIT, part. pt. Ornamented. V. 
 Hamas. 
 
 HERON-SEW, s. A young heron. Errat. 
 in DiCT. 
 
 Jamieson's mistake arose from confounding heron-sew 
 and heron-shaw. They are different words. Heron- 
 sew was in M. E. heronsewe, a young heron, and has 
 this meaning in the passage quoted in the DiCT. It 
 comes from O. Fr. heronceau, having the same meaning. 
 But heronshaw, or, as Cotgrave wrote it, herneshaiu, 
 means "a shaw of wood wherein herons breed." See 
 his definition of haironniere, a heronry. 
 
 The pi. form heronis seivis, in the passage quoted in 
 DiCT., is doubly wrong : it ought to be only one word, 
 heronsewis. The writer evidently took it to mean 
 "heron's young ones." 
 
 HET, adj. Hot. Gie him H het, give him it 
 hot, i.e. scold or rate him soundly, beat 
 him severely. 
 
 Yon ill-tongued tinkler, Charlie Fox, 
 May taunt you wi' his jeers and mocks ; 
 But, gie him 't het, my hearty cocks ! 
 E'en cow the cadie. 
 
 Burns, Earnest Cry and Prayer. 
 
 HET-SEIKNES, s. The rash, nettle-rash ; 
 also called ^Hhe hets" a skin eruption com- 
 mon among children ; Burgh Recs. Edin- 
 burgh, II. 16, Rec. Soc. 
 
 HETTLE, adj. V. DiCT. 
 
 "This is not a corruption; it is simply the A.-S. 
 hetol, malignant." Skeat. 
 
 HEUOH, Heugh, &c., s. V. Dict. 
 
 In senses 3, 4, and 5, at least, heiich is equivalent to 
 A.-S. holh, a cavity; and no doubt it was for this word 
 that Dr. Leyden wrote heolh, as noted under sense 3. 
 
 HEULD, Heud, adj. Kindly, gracious : 
 
 heuld-horn, the gracious or grace-cup, Orkn. 
 
 " Sometime after the guests retired to bed, the lady 
 
 of the house made a round of the bed-rooms, oflFerinc 
 
 every guest a drink of warm, spirituous liquor. This 
 
 was called the " heuld-dririk," which was presented in 
 
 a small horn vessel, called the " heuld horn." The 
 
 vessel was smaller than the common drinking horn 
 
 used at table, and held rather more than an ordinary 
 
 tumbler." Orcadian Sketch Book, Note, p. 63. 
 
 Dan. htiid, faithful, loyal : also, secret, private. 
 
HEV 
 
 [134] 
 
 HIE, 
 
 HEVED, Hevede, &c., s. V. Dict. 
 
 " Regarding the etymon of the term denoting the 
 head, of course Home Tooke is quite wrong ; the A.-S. 
 Mafod ( =Lat. caput) is distinct from hebban, the pp. 
 oi which ia ha/en." Skeat. 
 
 HEW, Hewch, Hughe, s. A shaft, mine, 
 coal-pit. V. Heuch. 
 
 " . . and that his gracis subjectis micht hawe a 
 securitie to tak thair hewis." Early Records of Mining 
 in Scotland, p. 65. 
 
 To HEW", Hewe, v. a. To show, describe, 
 declare, tell. 
 
 It war tyrefull to tell, dji;e or addres 
 All thar deir armis in dewlye desyre. 
 Bol part of the principale neuertheles, 
 I sail haist me to heioe hartlie but hyre. 
 
 Hoxdate, \. 424, Asloan MS. 
 A.-S. hiewan, to form, shape, show. 
 
 HE WIT, part. pt. Errat. in Dict. for 
 
 Heuvit, hoofed. 
 
 This is a misreading in Ruddiman's Doaglas. 
 Small's ed. reads fiovit. 
 
 HEYDIN, HEYTHmG, &c., s. V. Dict. 
 
 A better explanation of the origin of this term is 
 Icel. hxething, scoffing, mockery ; hoetha, to scoff; from 
 hath, scoffing. 
 
 Jamieson's statement that the Strother mentioned by 
 Chaucer in the " Reeve's Tale " is certainly Anstrutlier 
 in Fife, is a mistake. 
 
 The language employed by the speakers is un- 
 doubtedly that of the West Riding of Yorkshire ; and 
 Dr. Whitaker in his History of Craven long ago pointed 
 out this fact, and conclusively showed that what 
 Chaucer alluded to could be none other than Long 
 Strother or Longstroth-dale in the north west part of 
 the deanery of Craven. V. Garnett's Philol. Essays, 
 p. 70. 
 
 HEYND, Hende, adj. V. Dict. 
 
 Of the rival etym. suggested for this term, the fol- 
 lowing note indicates the best : — 
 
 " Ueynd is from A.-S. gehende, near at hand, a deri- 
 vation of hand. For the development of the sense 
 compare M. E. hende." Skeat. 
 
 HIGH, V. and s. V. Hitch. 
 
 HICHT, Heicht, adj. Poet, and coll. form 
 of hichti/, high, haughty, insolent; and 
 sometimes simply heich, high, with sub- 
 joined t, like loitht for with. 
 
 Than Venus was cummerit in cairis kene, 
 With mind dement vneis scho micht sustene 
 The wordis scharp quhilk scho thocht al to hicht 
 Sayand, schaip ye to Cupid King complene ? 
 
 Rolland, Court of Venus, iii. 291, S. T. S. 
 Sum ar sa proude, aud sa ar put to hicht 
 In love and fauour of thair fair Lady bricht. 
 
 Ibid., Prol. 158. 
 
 HICK, 8. A form of Hech, q. v. : "hicks an' 
 hums," Whistle Binkie, II. 232. 
 
 HIDDE RSOO HT. For hidder socht, brought 
 hither, brought back. Addit. to Hidder- 
 
 SOCHT. 
 
 Not one word, but a phrase applied to a person or 
 thing that, having gone astray or been lost, has been 
 
 sought for, found, and brought back to its place or 
 owner. 
 
 HIDLINS, adj. and adv. V. Hiddlins. 
 
 To HIKE, V. a. and n. To swing, sway, 
 toss up and down ; part, hiking, used also as 
 a s., as, " the hiking o' the boat." Addit. 
 to Hyke, q. v. 
 
 A nurse hikes a child when she sits swaying it back- 
 wards and forwards, and when she tosses it up and 
 down in her arms. 
 
 The word is common in the North of E. also. V. 
 Brockett's Gloss. 
 
 Icel. hvika, mod. hika, to falter, sway, quake. 
 
 HILTER-SKILTER, adv. V. Dict. 
 
 In reduplicated words generally only one half of the 
 word is significant ; the other is merely a rhyming 
 addition. Here the significant part is skilter, from 
 Icel. skildr, part. pt. of skilja, to separate, break up, 
 part. 
 
 To HINCH, Hench, Hainch, v. n. To halt, 
 limp ; West and South of S. V. Hench. 
 
 All these forms are still in use ; and the older form 
 hink is not yet quite obsolete ; but it is now generally 
 used in the sense of to hesitate, hang, pause. For 
 example, a lame person hinches as he walks along, and 
 a stammerer hinhs in his speech. V. Hink. 
 
 The variations presented by hinch, hench, liainch, 
 hink, are found in clinch, clench, clainch, clink. 
 
 Icel. hinka, to limp. 
 
 HiNCH, Hench, Hainch, s. A halt, limp ; 
 lameness. 
 
 HiNCHER, Hencher, Haincher, s. A lame 
 person ; also called hippity-hincher, hippity- 
 haincher. V. Happity. 
 
 Hyngand-Lok, .«?. 
 
 HINGAND-LOCK, 
 A padlock. 
 
 "Item, for tua hingand lokkis to the thesaure kist, 
 iiij s. ij d." Accts. L. H. Treas., 2 Nov., 1497, Dick- 
 son. 
 
 HINGEN, V. pres. pi. Hang. 
 
 And lo ! quhy so thai hingen down thaire liudis. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 88, ed. Skeat, S.T.S. 
 This is not a Scot, form ; it is an imitation of the 
 language of Chaucer. This plural termination occurs 
 frequently throughout the poem. 
 
 To Hink, Hynk, v. n. To hesitate, lag, 
 droop, fall off, fail. Addit. to Hink, q. v. 
 
 This term is really the old form of hinch, hench, 
 hainch, to limp, halt ; and although not defined by 
 Jamieson, its etym. is correctly indicated. V. under 
 Hinch, &c. 
 
 Icel. hinka, to limp. 
 
 To HIRCHELL, Hirchle, v. n. V. Hir- 
 
 SILL, HiRSLE. 
 
 HIRDUM-DIRDUM, s. and adv. V. Dict. 
 
 Jamieson's suggestion gives no explanation of this 
 term, which seems to be merely a reduplication formed 
 from dirdiim, din, loud and confused noise ; hence, 
 hirdum-dirdum, great noise and confusion, and as an 
 adc, uproariously, topsy-turvy. 
 
HIR 
 
 [135] 
 
 HOR 
 
 The original sense of dirdum occurs in the passage 
 quoted under Hirby-Gibdy, q. v. 
 
 IlIRDY-GIRDY, Hirdie-Girdie, s. and 
 adv. V. DiCT. 
 
 The defin. in DiCT. does not imply the contention, 
 clamour, and uproar which form the prominent fea- 
 tures of a hirdy-girdy, and which generally put men 
 and things topsy-turvy. The etym., too, is equally 
 defective. 
 
 The term is a reduplication from gurr, to growl, and 
 hur, to snarl. Hence its application to angry, noisy 
 quarrel, and its use as an adv. to express uproariously 
 and topsy-turvy. See quotations in Dict, 
 
 E. hm'dygurdy, a harsh, grating musical instrument, 
 has the same origin. V. Skeat's Etym. Dict. 
 
 HIREGANG, s. Hire of oxen ; expense of 
 
 hiring. 
 
 " . . . proficuum . . . cujuslibet bovis 
 annuatim extenden. in le hiregang et laboribus ad 6 
 firlotas farine." Reg. Mag. Sig., 1424-1513, No. 
 1465. 
 
 To HIRM, V. n. To be peevish or fretful ; to 
 
 grumble ; part, hirmin, used also as a s., 
 
 West of S. V. Harm, v. 
 
 This is a dimin. of Harm, q. v. : Dan. harm, vexa- 
 tion ; harmes, to grieve. 
 
 HIRNE, Hyrne, s. V. Dict. 
 
 A. -S. hyrne, a corner : from horn. The affinities 
 which Jamieson rejects are now generally accepted. 
 
 HIT, pron. V. Dict. 
 
 Jamieson's suspicion of the correctness of Tooke's 
 derivation of this term was well founded. Hit is sim- 
 ply the neuter of A.-S. he. 
 
 "No one now believes in Home Tooke's marvellous 
 derivation from Goth, haitan." Skeat. 
 
 HITTIN, part. pt. Hit, beaten, licked. 
 This form is still in use. 
 
 For William wichttar wes of corss 
 Nor Sym, and better knittin. 
 Sym said he sett nocht by his forss, 
 Bot hecht he sovvld be hittin. 
 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 24, ed. 1882. 
 
 HO AST, s. and v. Cough: harhin^ Jioast, a 
 short, hard cough, like the barking of a dog; 
 Burns, Scotch Drink. V. Host. 
 
 HOGHEID, HoGGiT, Huggit, s. A hogs- 
 head, barrel , " a hogheid of beiff ;" Burgh 
 Recs. Glasgow, I. 123, Rec. Soc. 
 
 HOGMANAY, Hogmenay, s. V. Dict. 
 
 The following note by Professsor Skeat regarding the 
 explanation of this term given in the Dict., may be 
 accepted as an admirable summing up of the discus- 
 sion : — 
 
 "If the French phrase an gui menez is genuine, the 
 derivation of hogmanay from it is nearly certain ; and 
 this adaptation being accepted it follows, of course; 
 that the phrase itself is of no very high antiquity. It 
 ought, however, to be noted that all speculation as to 
 the origin of the word gui may be spared ; for it is 
 neither Celtic nor Scandinavian, but simply the Fr. 
 spelling of Lat. uiscum, mistletoe. Besides, the phrase 
 au gui menez is devoid of all sense when detached from 
 the accusative cases which menez governs. 
 
 " Trololay is the same as troly-loly in Piers Plowman r 
 and the phrase in Cotgrave is not Ay guy (as mis- 
 printed), but Au guy." 
 
 HOIF, HoFF, &c. V. Dict. 
 
 Under senses 3 and 4 the A.-S. word ought to be 
 hof, not hofe. 
 
 HOIP, s. A hollow between hills. V. Hop, 
 Hope. 
 
 This form represents the pron. of the term in 
 Tweeddale. 
 
 HOLE, adj. and s. Whole, complete ; all 
 hole, in every particular, wholly, entirely. 
 V. Hale. 
 
 ". , . we rejecte and refuse this monckely 
 chastite, and all hole this slouthful and slouggishe 
 sorte of lyfe of supersticious men," &c. Conf. of 
 Faith of Swiss Churches. Wodrow Soc. Misc., I. 22. 
 
 A.-S. hdl, Icel. heill, Dan. heel, Sw. hel, whole. 
 Regarding the spelling with initial w, see Skeat'» 
 Etym. Dict. under Whole. 
 
 HOLINE, Holen, s. and adj. Holly ; *' of 
 the holine hew," in colour like the holly, 
 dark-green ; Court of Venus, i. 88, S.T.S. 
 Addit. to HoLYN. 
 
 HOLLAN BOOLS, Hollan's Bools, s.pl. 
 Dutch marbles : striped or variegated bowls 
 greatly prized by boys. 
 
 Grannie ! Mysie's ta'en my ba', — 
 
 Flyting Mysie, flyting Mysie, 
 And flung my Hollan's Bools awa', — 
 
 Cankert, flyting Mysie : 
 The bonnie ba' ye made to me, 
 The bools I bought wi' yon bawbee, 
 She's gart them o'er the window flee= 
 
 Cankert, flyting Mysie. 
 
 Alex. Smart, Whistle Binlcie, II. 377. 
 
 HOLLIS-PECE, s. a kind of small can- 
 non. 
 
 " . . . for deliuerance agane to the said towne 
 of thair artailzarie efter following ; that is to say, ane 
 falcown, kilis pece, hollis pece, and thre serpentinis." 
 Burgh Eecs. Aberdeen, I. 195, Sp. C. 
 
 HOLT, s. V. Dict. 
 
 The two entries under this heading ought to have 
 been combined. The various meanings given belong 
 to A.-S. holt. 
 
 HONG, pret. Hung. 
 
 and with this hong 
 A mantill on hir schularis, large and long. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 160, ed. Skeat, S.T.S. 
 
 HOODOCK, adj. Like a hoody or carrion- 
 crow ; foul and greedy. 
 
 The harpy, hoodock, purse-proud race, 
 Wha count on poortith as disgrace. 
 
 Burns, Epistle to Major Logan, st. 7. 
 
 To HOOK, V. a. A term in golfing; to 
 drive the ball widely to the left hand ; same 
 with Draw, q. v. 
 
 HOOL. Lap the hool; Burns, Halloween. 
 V. Coup frae the Hool. 
 
 HORNEL, s. In Dict. misprinted Komel. 
 
 ^ 
 
HOR 
 
 [136] 
 
 HUD 
 
 HORNER, s. A worker in horn : a maker 
 
 of horn spoons, cups, combs, etc. Burgh 
 
 Recs. Aberdeen, III. 218. Hornare, Prompt. 
 
 Parv. 
 
 la early times horning was an important craft in 
 Scotland, and almost every large town had its Horner's 
 Lane or Horner's Close, where the work was carried 
 on. But now, through improvements in metal-work- 
 ing and machinery, the ci'aft is all but extinct. A few 
 of the simpler branches of horn-work are still followed 
 by tinkers and gipsies. 
 
 HORT, s. A hurt, wound, sore. V. 
 
 HORT, V. 
 
 The herknere bore ; the holsum gray for hortis. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 156, ed. Skeat, S.T.S. 
 Cfray, the badger. V. note under Grey. 
 
 HOSTISH, s. A hostelry, an inn ; hostish 
 
 houses, lodgings for travellers ;»Burgh Recs. 
 
 Aberdeen,lV. 22, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Prob. a corn of Fr. hospice, from Lat. hospitium, a 
 place where strangers are entertained. 
 
 HOTE, pret. Called, said, declared; part, 
 pt. i-Jiote, said to be, declared to be, Douglas, 
 Palice of Honour, I. 17, ed. Small. 
 
 The form of the part. pt. is generally t/hote in 
 M. E. ; but the prefix is seldom used in Scot. ; it 
 occurs, however, repeatedly, and in both forms, in the 
 Kingis Quair. V". Gloss. 
 
 A.-S. hdtan, to call, name, be called. 
 
 HOTE, HoiT, part, and adj. Prepared, 
 adapted, fitted, suited, readv; Douglas, I. 
 17, 27, HI. 183, 10, Small's ed. In last 
 passage Ruddiman reads liote. 
 
 HOUFE, s. A large basket made of coarse 
 
 wattle, used for carr3ang fish ; Burgh Recs. 
 
 Aberdeen, IV. 47, Rec. Soc. 
 
 In Orkney a similar basket made of straw is called a 
 huvie. Prob. both terms are from Dan. hov, a bag-net, 
 landing-net, bag. In Orkney a huvie is still used as a 
 bag-net for trout. V. Huvie. 
 
 HOUK, s. V. DicT. 
 
 This word is not of Scandinavian but of Greek origin : 
 adapted from Gk. holkas. See hulk in Skeat's Etym. 
 Diet. 
 
 HOUP, HouPE, s. A hoop, bundle, parcel, 
 portion ; Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, IV. 25. 
 Addit. to Houp, q. v. 
 
 HOUT, s. A wood, wooding, a clump of 
 wooding; Douglas, Virgil, vii., Prol. A 
 form of Holt, q. v. 
 A.-S. holt, a wood ; Du. hoiit. 
 
 HOUTIPAS, s. Lit. height and breadth: 
 hence, guage, standard, model, pattern, 
 sample. 
 
 " . . . thairfoir the saidis baillies, counsall, and 
 communitie, being thairwith ryplie adwysit, hes 
 aggreit and condiscendit all in ane voce that the haill 
 treis [i.e. barrels] that are to be sett vp salbe of the 
 
 quantitie of fyvtene gallounes, and the houtipas treis 
 nocht to be translatit, and that ane gadge salbe 
 appointit be the toun for that effect." Burgh Recs. 
 Glasgow, 23 June, 1590, I. 153, Rec. Soc. 
 0. Fr. Aauf ei ban, height aud breadth. 
 
 HOVE, Hov, s. A hoof; pi. hovis, Douglas, 
 Virgil, xii., ch. vi. Hovit, hoofed, Ibid, 
 vii., ch. xiii. 
 
 HOW, adv. Why, for what reason or pur- 
 pose. Still in use. 
 
 * ' And if thou be to ly at the Altar, how wantst thou 
 a Priest to say thy soule Masse ? " Blame of Kir.c- 
 buriall, ch. 11. 
 
 HOWBEID, adv. and conj. However, how- 
 soever, though it may be ; Sempill Ballates, 
 p. 238. E. howbeit, which Lyndsay also 
 uses. 
 
 Be not displeisit quhatevir we sing or say, 
 Amang sad mater howheid we sumtyme relyie. 
 Lyndsay, Proclam. Thrie Estaitis, 1. 22, Bann. M.S. 
 
 HOWDY, s. V. DicT. 
 
 For this term no satisfactory etymon has yet been 
 offered. Regarding the one given by Jamieson, Prof. 
 Skeat says : — "Any connection with Icel. j6th, a baby 
 (which is the word which J., by three alterations, ren- 
 ders iod), is quite out of the question." 
 
 HOWSELYNGE, Howslynge, part, and s. 
 The giving or receiving the sacrament ; the 
 Eucharist, the Sacrament. 
 
 " There is twayne whiche are named in the Church 
 of God Sacramentes, Baptyme, and Jlotosh/nge ; " etc. 
 Conf. of Faith of the Swiss Churches. Wodrow Soc. 
 Misc., L 18. 
 
 " . . . the Holy Supper of thankes, called How- 
 selynge," etc. Idem., p. 20. 
 
 *' Hmvselyn wy the the aa,CTa.ment." Prompt. Parv. 
 
 " To howsylle, communicare." Cath. Ang. 
 
 A.-S. hasel, an offering, oblation, sacrament; hiislian, 
 to administer the sacrament. 
 
 HOWTIDE, s. Ebb-tide, low-water, low- 
 water mark. V. How. 
 
 " . . descendens ad aquam de Annand et ab aqua 
 de Annand ad aquam de Edin in lie howtide." Reg. 
 Mag. Sig., 1424-1513, No. 1376. 
 
 HOWYN, part pt. V. DiCT. 
 
 Hotpyn, lit. lifted : hence, lifted at the font. It is 
 the part. pt. of the verb to heave. In Icel. hefja, 
 means " to baptize "; see Vigfussen. 
 
 HUGH, s. A small heap. V. Hutch. 
 
 HUGHE, s. A form of Heuch, q. v. 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 28, ed. 1882. 
 
 HUD, HuDE, s. A hood, a covering for the 
 head; "toppit huddis on held," wearing 
 peaked hoods, Houlate, 1. 186. 
 
 HUDDS, s. Lit. hoods. V. Dict. 
 
 This term was left undefined ; but it is simply the 
 pi. of Hud explained on previous page. Indeed the 
 two entries ought to be combined. 
 
HUD 
 
 [137] 
 
 HYT 
 
 HUD-PYKE, s. V. DiCT. 
 
 The etymology suggested for this term is not satis- 
 factory. If pyke means to pick up, gather, collect, 
 then, a hud-pyke may be a person who picks up odd or 
 stray trifles and stows them away in his hood, — in 
 short, a scrap-gathering save-all. But, if pyke means 
 to steal, to pilfer, then, a hud-pyke may be one who 
 pilfers from his neighbour's hood, i.e., one who steals 
 the merest scraps and odd-things, a mean thief. Prof. 
 Skeat inclines to the latter meaning : for he suggests, 
 " JIood-pike= one who steals from a hood, in which no 
 one would put away anything of much value, but might 
 just put away temporarily things of slight value." 
 
 HUGGIT, HoGGiT, s. V. Hogheid. 
 
 HUIK, HuiKE, HuKE, Hewk, Ha.yk, Hak, 
 s. A hook, a fishing-hook, a reaping-hook; 
 also, a reaper, S. V. Heuck. 
 
 HUKE, s. A frock, dress; a loose walking 
 dress like a close-fitting mantle. V. Haik. 
 
 And forto walk that fresche mayes morowe, 
 An huke sche had vpon hir tissew quhite. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 49, ed. Skeat, S. T. S. 
 
 Du. huik, a cloak; 0. Fr, huke, "surquanie, froc ;" 
 Palsgrave. The surquanie or souquenle is explained by 
 Cotgrave as a "frock, gaberdine." V. Gloss. Kingis 
 Quair. 
 
 HULLOK, s. Hollock, a kind of sweet wine 
 used in the sixteenth century; Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, II. 176, Sp. C, Halyburton's 
 Ledger, p SSii. 
 
 HUNDRED, HuNDER, s. A measure of 
 
 garden-ground in Orkney, 15 ft. by 18 ft. 
 
 in extent : ground sufficient for the growth 
 
 of a hundred plants of kail. 
 
 In each plot or hundred the plants are set 18 inches 
 apart, or in ten rows of twelve each. Hundred, there- 
 fore, means the long hundred or six. score. 
 
 To HUNKER, V. n. To stoop, submit, yield, 
 endure. Addit. to Hunker. 
 
 But ought that we may do or say, 
 
 Waes me, they winna heed it ; 
 We just maun hunker till the day 
 
 Their help '11 no be needit. 
 
 Walter Watson's Poems, p. 57. 
 
 H URCHIN", s. Urchin, dwarf, little fellow. 
 
 But hurchin Cupid shot a shaft, 
 That play'd a dame a shavie. 
 
 Burns, Jolly Beggars. 
 
 To HURD, Hurde, v. a. To hoard, stow or 
 store away, conceal, hide; Burgh Recs. Edin- 
 burgh, Hi. 223, Rec. Soc. V. Hurd, s. 
 
 HuRDAR, HuRDER, s. A hoarder ; one who 
 stores away or conceals his money or goods. 
 Ibid., HI. 168, Rec. Soc. 
 
 HURKIE, adj. Lazy, careless or slovenly in 
 work; applied also to work that is un- 
 pleasant, troublesome, or unmanageable; 
 West of S. V. [HuRK, y.] 
 
 To HURKLE down, v. n. To submit, yield, 
 give in. . Addit. to Hurkill, q. v. 
 (Sup.) S 
 
 But death cam' athort him, and sairly forfoughten. 
 He hurkl'd down quietly — prepared for to dee. 
 
 Whistle Binkie, I. 385. 
 
 HURLY-BED, Hurlie-Bed, s. A truckle- 
 bed, trundle-bed ; a bed set on hurlies or 
 wheels and pushed under another : also 
 called a whirly-hed. 
 
 In the houses of the working-classes theJiurly-hed is 
 an important piece of furniture. During the day it 
 stands under a larger bed : at night it is hurled out to 
 receive its occupants : and in the morning it is hurled 
 back again. 
 
 HUSCHE, s. Issue, outlet. V. Ische. 
 
 To HUSHOCH, HusHLE, v. a. To work in 
 a hurried or careless manner, to dress or 
 work slovenly, West and South of S. 
 
 The barmen did rattle their flails ow're the hawks. 
 The millers did hushoch their melders in sacks. 
 And hung the best braws that they had on their backs, 
 To flash at the funny bonello. 
 Kirrcormock's Bonello, Gall. Encycl., p. 78. 
 
 HuSHOCH, HuSHLOCH, s. A conf used heap, 
 tangled mass ; hurried, careless, or slovenly 
 work; also, one who works in a hurried, 
 careless, or slovenly manner. Ibid. 
 
 Hdshochy, Hushlochy, adv. and adj. In 
 a hurried, careless, or slovenly manner ; all 
 of a heap: as an adj., hurried, &c., Ibid. 
 
 Allied to E. hustle, from Du. hutselen, to shake up 
 and down in a tub, bowl, or basket. A freq. form is 
 hotsen, from which CDme our hotch, and hotter, q. v. 
 
 HUSSY, HussiE, HizzY, s. 1. Housewife, 
 mistress, housekeeper ; pi. hnsseis, hiissis, 
 /lizzies ; Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, II. 30. 
 
 2. Woman, female; but in this sense generally 
 
 applied to a stout, healthy young woman. 
 
 An' buirdly chiels and clever hizzies 
 Are bred in sic a way as this is. 
 
 Burns, The Twa Dogs. 
 
 This term, in both senses, is generally pronounced 
 hisde ; but it is not generally used in a contemptuous 
 way, as stated by Jamieson : and even when it is so 
 used, the contempt is communicated to it either by 
 the tone of the speaker or by some qualifying word. 
 V. HissiE. 
 
 HUTH, s. Hollow, basin ; Bann. MS., fol. 
 156 a. V. Hutch. 
 
 HUVIE, s. A large straw basket used as a 
 bag-net for trout ; Orkney. V. Houfe. 
 Dan. hov, a bag-net, landing-net, bag. 
 
 HUYFE, s. A haunt; Douglas, III 151, 
 ed. Small. V. HoiF. 
 
 HYLAIR, adj. Agreeable, pleasant; Court 
 of Venus, i. 157; well pleased, Ibid., ii. 480. 
 
 HYRE, s. Hurry, haste ; Houlate, 1. 424. 
 
 O. Swed. hurra, to whirl or swing rapidly, whence 
 hurr, hurry, haste. 
 
 HYTE, acf;. V. Hite. 
 
[138] 
 
 IMP 
 
 I. 
 
 I. A prefix used in the pret. and part. pt. : 
 also written Y, q. v. It is properly not a 
 Scot, form, and does not belong to the 
 Anglian dialect ; but it was introduced by 
 our earlier poets in imitation of Chaucer. 
 It occurs frequently and in both forms in 
 the works of James I., Gawin Douglas, and 
 some of the later poets. 
 
 lAPE, s. and v. V. Jaip. 
 
 IBLENT, pj^et. and pa7^t. pt. Blinded, became 
 blind. 
 
 Me tboght that thus all sodeynly a lyght 
 In at the wyndow come quhare that I lent, 
 
 Off quhich the chambere-wyndow schone full bryght, 
 And all my body so It hath ouerwent, 
 That of my sicht the vertew hale Iblent. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 74, ed. Skeat, S. T. S. 
 
 "Chaucer has blente, blinded, Troil, v. 1194;" Skeat. 
 
 IBUND, part. pt. Bound ; Douglas, Virgil, 
 Bk. iv. Prol. 
 
 ICH, pron. Each ; Douglas, Virgil, Bk. x., 
 eh. 2. A.-S. ic. 
 
 ICHANE, interj. Ochone ; Douglas, Virgil, 
 Bk. ix., ch. 8. 
 
 lENEPERE, s. V. Jenepere. 
 
 lETE, s. Jet. V. Jete. 
 
 I-FALLYN, part. pt. Fallen: I-fallyng, 
 Kingis Quair, st. 45, ed. Skeat. 
 
 I-HOTE, part. pt. Called, named, said to be: 
 Douglas, Pal. Hon., I. 17, 27, ed. Small. 
 V. Hote. 
 
 A.-S. fidlan, to call, name, be called. 
 
 ILAID, part. pt. Laid ; Kingis Quair, st. 
 120. 
 
 ILEST, s. V. Eelist. 
 
 ILL-BIND, s. A bad shape or form : ap- 
 plied to articles of dress; West of S. 
 V. [Ill-Vynd]. 
 
 ILL-MINTED, Ill-Mintit, part. adj. Ill- 
 meant ; said or done with evil intention ; 
 West of S., Orkn. V. Mint. 
 
 ILL-THIEF, s. A name for the devil. 
 
 The ill-thief hla,\f the Heron south ! 
 And never drink be near his drouth ! 
 
 Bums, To Dr. Blacklock, st. 2. 
 
 ILOKIN, part. pt. Locked, enclosed, shut 
 
 up ; Kingis Quair, st. 69. 
 
 A. -S. hca, a fastening ; Icel. loha, a lock : Gotb. 
 galukan, to shut up. 
 
 IMANG, Imangis, Imangs, Iman, prep. 
 
 Among, amongst ; also as an adv., together, 
 
 in one mass, as " Mix them a' imangs ;" 
 
 imang hands, in hand, at command, in 
 
 process, on the anvil ; imangs them, imangis 
 
 themsells, in their own hands, together, in 
 
 common. West and South of S. 
 
 A.-S. gemamj, among ; but prob. the prep, gemang, 
 among, and the adj. gemcene, common have got mixed. 
 
 To IMBUIKE, Imbuke, v. a. To register, 
 enrol ; also to retain in the register or on 
 the roll. 
 
 "If ministers leave the Synod they are not to be 
 imbuiked for their stipends." Records of Presbytery 
 and Synod of Glasgow, 4 Apr., 1587, MS. 
 
 "That the said commissioners imftMie Mr. Alexander 
 Rowat, minister at Ruglen." Ibid., 15 Jan., 1594. 
 
 IMODST, IMOST, adj. Unwilling, reluc- 
 tant, hindering; Orkn. 
 
 Perhaps from Dan. imod, against, contrary to ; Sw. 
 emot. 
 
 IMPEEATIVE, IMPERATIUE, s. A 
 
 command, order, demand. 
 
 "For. as the Lords lawes are either imperatiues of 
 good or inhibitiues of ill." Blame of Kirkburiall, 
 ch. 16. 
 
 O. Fr. imperatif, imperious, commanding. 
 
 To IMPETRATE, Impetrat, v. a. To 
 obtain by suit or entreaty. 
 
 " . . . to pass to the gouvernor and lordis of the 
 realme, to impetrat letteris of justice and aggenis the 
 said complaints." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 102, 
 Sp. C. 
 
 Lat, impetrare, to obtain by entreaty : cf. 0. Fr. 
 impetrer, "to get by prayer, obtaine by suit ;" Cotgr. 
 
 Impetration, Impetracioun, 8. Acquire- 
 ment by suit, the act of obtaining by 
 entreaty. 
 
 ". . . and als to fortefy supple and help the 
 saidis communite of merchandis gild brethir for the 
 impetracioun of quhatsumeuir priuilege or fredomes 
 thocht to thame profitable at our Souerane Lord the 
 King, lordis of parliament and counsall." Burgh Recs. 
 Edinburgh, 10 Dec. 1518, Rec. Soc. 
 
 IMPIGNORAT, part. pt. Pledged, pawned. 
 
 "The tocher Kilravock gave with his daughter was 
 nyne hundred merks ; for payment whereof he gave 
 the lands of Kinstearie, impignorat to him for 300 
 merks." Family of Kilravock, p. 58, Sp. C. 
 
 Lat. pignerare, to pledge, pawn. 
 
 IMPLASTER, Emplaster, s. A plaster 
 
 for wounds. 
 
 " . . . vnguents, drogs, implasteris, and vther 
 mendicamentis." Burgh Recs. Edin., IV., 420. 
 Emplaateres occurs in p. 489 of same vol. 
 
IMP 
 
 [139] 
 
 INF 
 
 Lat. emplastrum, a plaster for wounds. The form 
 plaister is from 0. Fr. plaistre. 
 
 IMPNE, s. A hymn, poem : pi. impnis, 
 Kingis Quair, st. 196, S. T. S. V. Ympne. 
 
 0. Fr. ymne (later hymne), a hymn ; Lat. hymnus, 
 from Gk. M. E. ympne. 
 
 IMPORTURAIT, part. pt. Painted or pic- 
 tured over with figures. 
 
 Lnporturait of birdis and sweit flouris, 
 Curious knottis, and mony hie deuise. 
 Douglas, Police of Honour, I. 71, 19, ed. Small. 
 0. Fr. pourtrait, portrayed : Low Lat. protrahere, 
 to depict. 
 
 IMPEOBATION, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Misprinted Inprobation. 
 
 To IMPEYVE, Impeive, v. a. V. Imprieve. 
 
 IMPUT, part. pt. Imputed, Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, II. 15, Sp. C. 
 
 IMRIE, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Not from Gael., but from Icel. eimr, reek, vapour, 
 and hence applied to smell. 
 
 IN, prep. On, in course of, during; as, "a 
 house in fire." 
 
 Into, prep. In. V. Intill. 
 
 The kyng sat into parleament. 
 
 Barbour, i. 602. 
 Not unfrequently a noun preceded by into expresses 
 an adverbial sense ; as, " into party," partly, partially, 
 Barbour, v. 115, 129. 
 
 INACTED, Inactit, part. pt. Enacted, 
 passed by authority ; Blame of Kirkburiall, 
 ch. 19. 
 
 To INAWE, V. a. Same as Inawn, q. v. 
 
 Inawe is the correct form of the word ; inawn repre- 
 sents a vulgar pronunciation. V. Out-aioe. 
 
 Inawn, a comp. of in and awn, own, used for aw, 
 owe. The Scot, confusion of aw and awn, is very 
 similar to the Eng. confusion of owe and oion. Many 
 old authors used owe where modern authors use own. 
 
 To INBALM, V. a. To embalm the dead ; 
 Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 7. 
 
 INBRECK, Inbrek, s. A portion of infield 
 pasture-land newly broken up or tilled; 
 Orkn. V. Outbreck. 
 
 IN-BURGESS, s. A burgess resident within 
 the Burgh; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 37, 
 Sp. C. 
 
 INCIDENCE, s. Incidental matter, unim- 
 portant particulars ; Kingis Quair, st. 7, 
 S. T. S. 
 
 INCLINATION, Inclinatioun, s. Ten- 
 dency, influence. Lat. inclinatio. 
 
 Thir four causis diuers variatiounis 
 In mans corps be sindrie inclinatiounis 
 Of the Planeitis ringand vnder the heuin. 
 
 Bolland, Court of Venu^, Prol. 1, 33. 
 
 INCOMPETABILL, adj. Incompetent, in- 
 sufficient ; Douglas, Virgil, Bk. viii. prol. 
 
 INCUMMYN, Incummtng, s. Coming in. 
 inroad, invasion. Addit. to Incoming. 
 
 " . . . with open proclamacione for the convoca- 
 cione of the Kingis liegis again the incummyn of the 
 Due of Glosister at the West Marche and Myddil." 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., 27 April, 1474, I. 49, Dickson. 
 
 IN-CUNTRIE, s. and adj. Inland. 
 
 '* . . . maid a perfyte conques of that ylle, and 
 reducit the samyn to als gryt obedience as ony pairt of 
 the mane and in-cuntrie." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, II. 
 232, Sp. C. 
 
 IND. V. Dict. 
 
 Prof. Skeat has pointed out that this ind is exactly 
 parallel to Shakespeare's end, to inn, to get in, as used 
 in Coriolanus, v. 6, 37. See Mr. Wright's note on the 
 passage in Clar. Press ed., p. 253. 
 
 INDEGEST, part, and adj. Undigested, 
 crude, immature; Kingis Quair, st. 14, 
 S. T. S. : rash, imprudent, Douglas, Virgil, 
 Bk. xi. ch. 8. Lat. digestus. 
 
 INDEWIT, Indeuit, part. pt. Endowed; 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, IL 195, 196, Sp. C. 
 
 INDITE, part. pt. Indited, named, called. 
 
 First doun thay kest Moyses Pentateuchon, 
 With his storyis and Paralipomenon, 
 Judith, Hester, Ruth, Regum indite. 
 
 Holland, Court of Venus, iv. 3, S. T. S. 
 Most probably his storyis is a misprint for historyis, 
 which the sense demands. There are very many such 
 mistakes throughout this work. 
 
 To INDOT, V. a. To bestow, give away. 
 
 " . . the said Schir Patrik sail indot, gyf, and 
 infeft certane landis . . in honor of God." Char- 
 ters, &c., of Peebles, 20 Jan., 1520, p. 50, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Lat. in, and dotare, to give, bestow. 
 
 INDUCING, part, and adj. Enticing, be- 
 guiling, egging on. 
 
 " He did punishe all by proportion (the seducing 
 serpent with a curse, the inducing Eua with a crosse of 
 subjection, and the ouereasily adduced Adam with the 
 care and sweatty labours of this militant lyfe.") 
 Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 19. 
 
 INEMYE, Intmye, s. Enemy; Kingis 
 Quair, st. 24, 156, S. T. S. T^^t.inimicus. 
 
 Inmytee, s. Enmity ; Ibid. st. 87 ; inimitie^ 
 ill-will, hatred. Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 
 302, Sp. C. 
 
 To INFANG, V. a 
 
 Addit. to Infang. V. Fang. 
 
 Himself infangis the le sclieit of the saill. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, Bk. v. ch. 1, ed. Small. 
 
 INF ATIG ABLE, ac^;. Indefatigable; Doug- 
 las, Bk. vi. ch. 5. O. F. infatigahle. 
 
 INFECTION, s. Insinuation, evil sugges- 
 tion or surmising, injurious statement. 
 
 To haul in, shorten. 
 
INF 
 
 [140] 
 
 INS 
 
 [Declairand] thus be seir opinionis, 
 That lufe is foundit all of detractionis, 
 Man to desaif with foull lust mundiall, 
 And is the way of the stait Infernall. 
 This and siclik with diuers Infectionis, 
 He diuulgatis as luge Imperiall. 
 
 Rolland Court of Venus, i. 746, S. T. S. 
 Lat. infectus, coloured, tinged ; injicere, to put in, 
 dye, stain. 
 
 INFELICITIE, Intelicitee, s. Misfortune j 
 Kingis Quair, st. 4, S. T. S. 
 0. Yr.felidU, happiness; "LsX. feUcitas. 
 
 INFIKAIAT, part. pt. Confirmed, attested, 
 proved. 
 
 " . . quhilkis thingis, gif thai be infirmat of verite, 
 ar richt displeasand." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 43, 
 Sp. C. 
 
 O. Fr. injirmer, to make firm or sure, confirm : from 
 Lat. Jirmare, to make firm. 
 
 To INFORS, V. a. To give force to; to 
 rouse, strengthen. O. Fr. enforcir. 
 
 Infors thi wyndis, sink all thair schippis in feir, 
 Or scattir wyde quhair into cuntreis seir. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, Bk. i. ch. 2, ed. Small. 
 
 INFOETUNATE, adj. Unfortunate, Kingis 
 Quair, st. 24, S. T. S. V, Infortune." 
 
 To INFOUND, V. a. To mould or form 
 within, to infuse. 
 
 Great within me and infound 
 Ane hart immaculat and mound. 
 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 4, ed. 1882. 
 
 O. Fr. infondre, to infuse, fill in ; Lat. in/undere. 
 
 INFRE, adj. and s. Unfree ; unfreemen. Ap- 
 plied to tradesmen who are not burgesses ; 
 *Hnfre pakeris and pelaris," Burgh Recs. 
 Glasgow, I. 114, Rec. Soc' V. Unfree. 
 
 The form unfre occurs in the same Eecord. 
 
 To INGENER, v. a. To engender, beget ; 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, Bk. i. ch. 1 ; to stir up, 
 
 cause, as, " to engener discord," Burgh Recs. 
 
 Aberdeen, I. 343, Sp. 0. ; pret. and part. 
 
 pt. engenerit. 
 
 O. Fr, engendrer, engenrer, to engender, procreate, 
 produce ; Burguy ; Lat. ingenerare. 
 
 INGERS {g hard), Ingres, s. Grass or grass 
 fields lying within the bounds of a town or 
 village; Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 7 May, 
 1509, Mait. C. 
 
 The hill-pasture or common of a burgh is often called 
 the outgrass. 
 
 INGON, s. An onion. V. Ingowne. 
 
 INGRAIT, adj. Disagreeable, displeasing. 
 Rolland, Court of Venus, ii. 296, S. T. S. 
 
 Ingratious, adj. Grating, unpleasant, jar- 
 
 rin^. 
 
 " . . . the ingratioua discord in the eare of the 
 least string, will mar al the mirth." Blame of Kirk- 
 burial], ch. 5. 
 
 To INGRAVE, v. a. To engrave ; part. pt. 
 ingrave, engraven ; Douglas, Virgil, Bk. v. 
 ch. 5. O. Fr. ingraver. 
 
 INHERDANCE, s. Adherence, comphcitj. 
 
 ". . . in thar helpying and supple with thair m- 
 herdance, warr folowaris and makaris of the said soite." 
 Burgh Eecs. Aberdeen, 15 June, 1448, I. 17, Sp. C. 
 
 0. Fr. inherence, an inherence, a cleaving, &c. • 
 Cotgr. Lat. inhcerens, part. pr. of inhairere. 
 
 Inherdand, part. pr. Adhering, clinging ; 
 Douglas, Virgil, Bk. x. ch. 13. 
 
 These terms occur more frequently as Anherdaus, 
 Anherdand, Anerdant. V. Anherd. 
 
 INHONESTIE, s. Indecency ; refuse, rub- 
 bish. V. Honesty. 
 
 " To tak of euery flescheonr occupeand his stok on 
 the hie gaitt with flesche or fische, for the clengeing 
 of thair inhonestie and filth of the same four pennies 
 ilk quarter." Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, 27 Sept. 1509, 
 Rec, Soc. 
 
 INIMITIE, s. V. under Inemye. 
 
 INJUR, s. Injury ; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 
 I. 321, Sp. C. 
 
 INLOK, s. Prob. an ordinary lock placed 
 on the inside of a door, as distinguished 
 from a " hanging lock " or padlock usually 
 placed on the outside. Addit. to Inlokis. 
 
 INMETTING, part. Measuring or meting 
 out, selling by measure. 
 
 " . . , swa that na wyne be resauit by inmetting 
 with tavernaris stowppis." Burgh Recs. Edin., 31 
 Jan. 1543-4, Rec. Soc. 
 
 A.-S. metan, to measure. 
 
 INORE, 5. Errat. in Dict. ; a mis -reading 
 of vioghe, enough. 
 
 This is another example of the carelessness of 
 Piukerton's transcriber, or of the incorrectness of the 
 version which he transcribed ; and it is not the only 
 one in the passage which Jamieson quoted. In the 
 four lines there are not less than four errors. Com- 
 pare the version in the Dict. with the following : — 
 
 The bryghte byrdis and balde. 
 
 Had note ynoghe to by-halde 
 
 One that freely ta fawlde, 
 
 And one that hende knyghte. 
 
 Jamieson accepted inore as a genuine word ; hence, 
 both his meaning and etym. are worthless. 
 
 To INQUIET, V. a. To disturb, annoy; 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 34, 417, Sp. C. 
 
 INSET, Insett, s. Same as Inseat, q. v. 
 
 The term is so written and pron. in Lanarks. and 
 Stirl. Walter Watson in his "Answer to the Unco 
 Bit Want" has 
 
 The morn I sail speak to my father, 
 
 To big us an inset an' .spence ; 
 Some plenishin' syne we will gather, 
 An' get a' thing manag't wi' mense. 
 
 Poems, p. 67. 
 
 INSUSPECT, part. pt. Unsuspected, not 
 to be suspected : " the insuspect auncients," 
 
INT 
 
 [141] 
 
 IN V 
 
 the ancients who are above suspicion, or 
 who cannot be suspected ; Bl. of Kirk- 
 buriall, ch. 13. 
 
 INTEIR, adj. and adv. Entire; entirely; 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, pp. 13, 81, ed. 1882. 
 
 INTERALLIS, Intekellis, s. pi. Entrails ; 
 Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, I. 114, II. 104, 
 Rec. Soc. 
 
 Low. Lat. intralia, intestines : 0. Fr. form entrailles. 
 
 INTEREST, iNTRESTjjoar^.js^ Dishonoured, 
 hurt, injured, wronged; Burgh. Recs. Glas- 
 gow, I. 109, Rec. Soc. 
 
 ". . . seing dyvers of thecuntriemen and of the 
 inhabitantis of this burght ar grytumlie intrest in the 
 wynter day, throw the msutiiciencie and hoillis in the 
 said calsey." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, II. 181, Sp. C. 
 
 0. Fr. interessc, "dishonoured, hurt, or hindered 
 by ; " Cotgr. 
 
 INTERLAQUEAT, part. pt. Entangled, 
 captivated. Lat. laqueatus, id. 
 
 [Thy] minde it is sa Interlaqueai, 
 Sa fetjterit in the Net of lufe Prophane. 
 
 Holland, Court of Venus, i. 419, S. T. S. 
 
 To INTERLY, v. a. To undergo, endure. 
 V. Underly. 
 
 ". . . to by de and iWeWy the sentence," Burgh 
 Eecs. Prestwick, 12 Dec, 1558, Mait. C. 
 
 INTERLY, adv. Wholly, completely, en- 
 tirely : a form of enterly. 
 
 To INTERMELL, v. n. To meddle or 
 mingle with, deal or have to do with ; 
 Court of Venus, ii. 172 ; also, to have car- 
 nal connection with, Ibid., iii. 521, 682, 
 S. T. S. Addit. to Intermell. 
 
 INTERPRISAR, s. A person undertaking 
 or engaged in a work. 
 
 " . . . that nane molest nor cummer the inter- 
 prisaris of the said wall." Burgh Recs. Peebles, p. 320. 
 
 0. Fr. enterpris, part. pt. of enterprendre, to under- 
 take. L. Lat. interprendere. 
 
 INTERRUPTIONE, s. The act of break- 
 ing or interrupting the course of prescription. 
 Lat. interruptio. 
 
 ". . . of the quhilk house Williame Gray baillie, 
 tuik doune ane dovet in takine of lauchfull interrup- 
 tione, and fand the said halff pennie hous and lands 
 . . . to appertaine in propertie to the said towne of 
 Aberdeine." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, II. 323, Sp. C. 
 
 By so doing the bailie claimed the house as the 
 property of the burgh, and so prevented the occupier 
 from claiming it after the lapse of the period of pre- 
 scription. This act was " analogous to the practice of 
 the Roman law, which admitted of an interruption to 
 any work or building by a jactus lapilli, the throwing 
 down of one of the stones of the new work in presence 
 of witnesses." Erskine's Institutes. 
 
 IN-TOLL, s. Entering into possession of 
 burghal property: for s'.iort called entry: 
 
 also, the payment made to the bailie who 
 transfers such property, by the party enter- 
 ing into possession of it. 
 
 " In our older burgh usages, burghal subjects were 
 transferred by the bailie taking a penny for in-toll and 
 a penny for out-toll." Innes, Leg. Antiq., p. 91. 
 
 The law of transference here referred to forms No. 
 52 of The Bargh Lawis, ed. Rec. Soc. 
 
 INTORTIVE, Intoritive, adj. Twisted, 
 
 contumelious, cross, ill-tempered. 
 
 Bandownit with baill and full of brukilnes, 
 With diuers faltis and wordis Intoritiue, 
 Quhilk to Venus was all tald on beliue. 
 
 Rolland, Court of Ve^ius, ii. 963. 
 
 Lat. intortus, twisted ; from intorquere, to twist. 
 
 INTRANT, adj. Entering on ; about to be 
 entered on ; " thy intrant duelling," your 
 new abode, the house you were entering in- 
 to or taking possession of ; Spalding Club 
 Misc., I. 135. V. Intrant, s. 
 
 This term occurs in one of the charges of the Dittay 
 against Jonat Leisk, a witch, whose case is recorded in 
 the Trials of Witchcraft published in the above named 
 vol. 
 
 To INTREIT, V. a. To treat, entertain, 
 pleasure ; part. pt. intveit ; Court of Venus, 
 ii. 909, S. T. S. 
 
 " . . . and to intreit hir in bed and buird, luf and 
 kyndnes, godlie and fauourable, as it becumis ane 
 mareit man to do to his wyf." Burgh Eecs. Aberdeen, 
 1562, 1. 345, Sp. c. 
 
 0. Fr. entraiter, to treat ; from Lat. tractare, to 
 handle ; Burguy. 
 
 INTRESS, s. Entry. V. Entres. 
 
 INTREST, part. pt. V. Interest. 
 
 To INTUMULATE, v. a. To entomb, bury; 
 Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 19. Lat. tumulare. 
 
 To INUNCT, V. a. To anoint, smear; part. 
 inunctand, anointing, smearing. 
 
 Was nane other mayr happy nor expert, 
 To graith and til invnct a castyng dart. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, Bk. ix. ch. 12, ed. Small. 
 Invnctand venemus schaftis the ilk tyde. 
 
 Ibid., Bk. X. ch. 3, 
 
 Inunctmext, s. Ointment. 
 
 Precyus invnctment, salve, or fragtant pome. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, Bk. xii. Prol. 
 
 INUNDIT, Inundate, part. pt. Inundated, 
 
 flooded. Lat. inundatus. 
 
 "Item, for twa hundreth faill to lay the schoole 
 flore whilk wes invndit with the water." Accts. Burgh 
 of Peebles, 1631-2, p. 417, Rec. Soc. 
 
 INVER, Inner, s. Mouth of a stream or 
 river, confluence of a river : cf . Inver-ary. 
 
 " . . quhill it cum to the first marche . . at 
 the inver of the Blind burn quhair the same euteris in 
 the Blackburne, direct forganes or anent the said 
 inver." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, II. 324, Sp. C. 
 
 Gael, inhhir, confluence of a river. 
 
IN V 
 
 [142] 
 
 lYM 
 
 INVEROUN, adv. Round about, all round; 
 Douglas, Virgil, Bk. xiii. ch. 5. 
 The form used by Barbour is Inweround, q. v. 
 
 INVESTIGABILL, adj. Unsearchable, in- 
 scrutable. 
 
 Lord, thy ways beyn investigabill. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, Bk. x. Prol., ed. Small. 
 
 Lat. in, not ; vestigare, to track, trace. 
 
 To INVETERATE, v. a. Lit. to make or 
 become old : hence, to establish, confirm, 
 through age, use, or practice ; Blame of 
 Kirkburiall, ch, 13: part. pt. inveterate 
 established : Ibid., ch. 8 : used also as an 
 adj. with its modern meaning ; Ibid., ch. 14. 
 Lat. inveteratus, retained for a long time. 
 
 INVICTAND, part. pr. Errat. in DiCT. for 
 Inunctand, anointing, smearing, q. v. 
 
 Had Jamieson given the whole of Ruddiman's note 
 on this term its meaning would have been clear. The 
 note runs thus : — "Either it should be invectand, i.e. 
 carrying, from invectare, i.e. portare, in vett. Gloss, 
 apud Voss. ; or infekkand, i.e. infecting ; or inuntand, 
 i.e. anointing or besmearing with poison." V. Rudd. 
 Gloss. Douglas. 
 
 Virgil has "calamos armare veneno," which, accord- 
 ing to the Elphynstoun MS., Douglas rendered by 
 " invnctand venemus schaftis." V. Small's ed. of Doug- 
 las, III. 289, 13. 
 
 INVINCENT, part. adj. Fettering; in- 
 thralling, captivating. 
 
 Laude, reuerence, helth, vertew, and honouris — 
 To the "Venus I rander euermoir. 
 And nocht causles : with superabundant 
 Mirth, melodie, thow dois my hart refloir, 
 As Inuincent, victour, and triumphant. 
 
 Rolland, Court of Venus, i. 296, S. T. S. 
 "As captivating, victorious, and triumphant." 
 In Gloss, rendered " unconquered .•" this is a mistake, 
 and mars the sense of the passage. The term is from 
 Lat. invincire, to fetter. 
 
 INVITOR, s. Inventory; Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, I. 320, 323: this form repre- 
 sents the common pron. 
 
 INYON, Ingon, Ingyon, s. An onion : 
 also called an ingon^ West of S. V. In- 
 GOWNE. 
 
 "Item, to certane puir men for inyons was takin fra 
 them for fear of the plage, xxx li. ix s." Accts. Burgh 
 of Glasgow, 1635-6. 
 
 Inion is not uncommon in London, where the follow- 
 ing E. proverb is popular : — 
 
 " Diflferent people have different opinions, 
 Some like apples, some like inions." 
 
 lOlAOUS, adj. Jolly. V.'JoLious. 
 
 lOROFFLE, s. V. Jeroffleris. 
 
 This form occurs in Kingis Quair, st. 178, ed. Skeat, 
 S. T. S. 
 
 To lOSE, V. a. To enjoy. V. Jois. 
 
 IPER (i as in snipe), s. Any foul liquid, 
 ooze, mud, or sewage ; Orkn. 
 
 Sae than ha beur the auld wife in, 
 
 A' draigled ower wi' iper. 
 An' wi' a feedy, laid her doon 
 
 Apo' twa steuls tae sipe her. 
 
 Dennison, Orcadiati Sketch Book, p. 125. 
 
 IRSCH, Irsche, Iersche, Irische, adj. and 
 s. Forms representing various pron. of 
 Erse, Celtic, Gaelic, Irish ; the language of 
 the Celt, also the Celtic people or popula- 
 tion ; Dunbar and Kennedy, 11. 49, 345, 350. 
 V. Erse. 
 
 ISCHE, s. Issue ; pi. ischis, ischeis, empty- 
 ings, cleansings, as the contents of the sto- 
 mach and entrails of a slaughtered animal ; 
 Burgh Recs. Edin., II. 253, Rec. Soc. Addit. 
 to Ische. 
 
 ISLARE, s. and adj. V. Ashlar. 
 
 IT, p?'on. Used in sarcasm or slighting for he. 
 
 Our Whipper-in, wee blastit wonner. 
 Poor worthless elf, it eats a dinner, 
 Better than ony tenant man 
 His Honor has in a' the Ian'. 
 
 Burns, Twa Dogs. 
 
 ITHAND, adj. Constant and keen, con- 
 tinuous and blustery; ithandwedderis, stormy 
 weather, fierce stormy wind. Addit. to 
 Ithand, q.v. 
 
 Ithand wedderis of the Eist draif on sa fast, 
 It all to-blaisterit and blew that thairin baid— 
 Thair wis na Knicht of the Court quliat way the King raid. 
 
 Rauf Coilyear, st. 3. 
 
 The Icel. term from which ithand is derived is not 
 idin, as in DiCT., but ithinn, assiduous. See the ex- 
 planation given in Gloss, to Skeat's Barbour, s. v. 
 Ythand, p. 753. 
 
 The A.-S. words referred to by Jamieson have no 
 connectioQ with ithand. 
 
 I-THANKIT, part. pt. Thanked; Kingis 
 
 Quair, st. 190, S. T. S. 
 lUGE, s. Judge; Kingis Quair, st. 82, S. T. S. 
 lUNYT, part. pt. Joined ; Kingis Quair, 
 
 St. 133, S. T. S. V. June. 
 I-WONE, part. pt. Won ; Kingis Quair, st. 
 
 108, S. T. S. 
 lYMP, s. Douglas, Virgil, Bk. i. prol. V. 
 
 Jymp. 
 
JAC 
 
 [143] 
 
 JIN 
 
 J. 
 
 JACK, s. A jacket, jerkin, coat of mail. 
 
 "And that ilk man, that his gudes extendis to 
 twentie markis, be bodin at the least with a jack, with 
 sleeves to the hand, or splents, and ane pricked hat, a 
 sword and a buckler, a bow, and a scbaifFe, gif he can 
 get it." Acct3. James II., No. 56, 1456, ed. 1682. 
 
 O. Fr. Jaque, "a Jack, or coat of maile," Cotgr. 
 
 The jack was a piece of defensive body-armour in the 
 form of a jacket or surcoat usually of leather, some- 
 times strengthened with plates or scales of metal and 
 quilted. 
 
 JACKO, Jecko, Gekgo, s. A name applied 
 to the jackdaw : a dimin. of Jack. It is 
 sometimes applied to a magpie also, West 
 of S. V. under Gekgo. 
 
 JADGE, s. A gauge. V. Jedqe. 
 
 To JAG, V. a. V. DiCT. 
 
 This word is prob. of Celtic origin. Cf. Gael, dealg, 
 a prick, thorn, prickle ; deahjach, prickly, thorny. 
 However, the etym. suggested by Jamieson is certainly 
 wrong. 
 
 To JAIP, V. a. V. DiCT. 
 
 A much simpler etym. for this word is thus given by 
 Prof. Skeat :— 
 
 " Jaip is from a by-form of 0. Fr. gaher, to mock : 
 from Icel. gabha, to deceive." 
 
 JAKE, s. V. Jack. 
 
 To JANGLE, Jangil, v. n. To chatter, 
 clatter, dispute in a noisy manner. Addit. 
 to Jangle, q. v. 
 
 "The iargolyne of the swallow gart the iay iangil." 
 Compl. Scot., p. 39, E. E. T. S. 
 
 "Ye jangle slv.^ skirl when ye fa' in wi' ither and 
 grow pack ; but the colour o' a ribbon or the shape o' 
 a button '11 mak ye jangle in earnest, an' fa' out wi' 
 ither for a week." West of S. 
 
 JAUDY, s. Dimin. of jaude, E. jade, a terra 
 of contempt for a woman ; jaudy, a girl, 
 lassie ; but generally implying a girl of 
 rude or wild disposition, or dirty, slovenly 
 habit. Hence, black-jaudy, q. v. 
 
 Jaude is often used in a kind, familiar way in speak- 
 ing of or to a smart growing girl : much in the same 
 style as wench is used in the North of E. A mother 
 will say with evident pride, — "Our Meg's growin' a 
 ticht, braw jaude, so she is ! " 
 
 In a similar strain Burns describes Nanny in Tam o' 
 Shanter. After calling her a " winsome wench and 
 walie," and stating some of her famous exploits, h« 
 winds up with the half- tender explanation, — 
 "A so\y^\QJade she was and strong." 
 
 JAUNER, s. and v. V. Jaunder. 
 
 To JAUPIE, V. n. To break or scatter into 
 jaups or small portfoas, as when a liquid 
 is suddenly shaken out of a dish. V. 
 Jaup. 
 
 Ilk aiild wife stoyterin' wi' her drappie. 
 In teapot, bottle, stoup, or cappie, 
 Fu' snugly fauldit in her lappie, 
 
 Wi' couthy care, 
 Thou gar'st the hidden treasure jaupie 
 
 A' in the air. 
 James Ballantine, The Wee Raggit Laddie, st. 11. 
 
 JEAST, Jeist, s. Joist. V. Jeest. 
 JEDDAET JUSTICE, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Jeddart represents the popular pron. of Jedworthr 
 Jedward, old names of Jedburgh. For these forma 
 see Index V., p. 761 of Skeat's ed. of Barbour. 
 
 JEDGRY, s. Standards of weights and 
 measures; the testing and attesting of 
 weights and measures : the dues arising 
 from this oflSce. Addit. to Jedgry. V. 
 Gaugerie. 
 
 To JEEG, Gig, v. a. To jerk, tilt, shake, 
 
 rock. Addit. to Jeeg, q. v. 
 
 When a' the lave gae to their play, 
 Then I maun sit the lee-lang day. 
 And jeeg the cradle wi' my tae, 
 And a' for the girdin o't. 
 
 Bums, Duncan Gray, First Version. 
 
 Jeeg, s. A jerk, tilt, shake, rock, swing. 
 
 Jeegle, s. a slight jerk, shake, or rattle: 
 used both as a dimin. and as a frequent, of 
 jeeg. 
 
 To Jeegle, v. a. To jerk, shake, rattle 
 lightly or rapidly: "I canna write if ye 
 jeegle the table sae." Addit. to Jeegle, 
 q. V. 
 
 Jeegly, adj. and adv. Jerky, shaky, un- 
 steady; unsteadily. 
 
 JEEL, Jeil, s. Jelly"; as in calf-foot jeel. 
 
 Now Johnnie was a clever chiel, 
 And there his suit he press'd sae weel, 
 That Jenny's heart grew saft as jeel, 
 And she birled her bawbee. 
 
 Song, Jenny's Bawbee, 
 Fr. geiee, frost, also, jelly ; Cotgr. 
 
 JEOPARDIE, s. V. Jupperty. 
 
 JETE, Iete, s. Jet; Kingis Quair, st. 157, 
 
 S. T. S. 
 
 JEVELLOUR, *. A jailor. V. Jauellour. 
 
 JINGO RING, s. A girl's game ; also called 
 Merry Metanzie, q. v. 
 
 Tho' weel I lo'e the budding spring, 
 
 I'll no misca' John Frost ; 
 Nor will I roose the simmer days. 
 
 At gowden autumij's cost ; 
 For a' the seasons in their turn 
 
 Some wished-for pleasures bring, 
 An' han' in ban' they jink about 
 
 Like weans at jingo-ring. 
 William Miller, Uairst, Wh. Binkie, II, 346. 
 
JAK 
 
 [144] 
 
 JAL 
 
 There are various forms of this game : some are 
 Bhort and simple ; others, long and intricate, like the 
 one described in the last para, under Merry-Metanzib, 
 q. V. This form is played in various districts of the 
 West, of S., and is a source of great amusement to the 
 players. 
 
 All the varieties of the game, however, agree in their 
 method of play, which is as follows : — The parties en- 
 gaged join hands and form a circle ; then move round 
 in quick lively step, singing the introductory verse — a 
 form of which is given under Merry-Metanzie ; then, 
 as each verse proceeds, the motion and actions of the 
 party are adapted to the particulars of the song. 
 
 A very good specimen of the game, including song, 
 music, and directions for playing, is given in " Sangs 
 for the Bairns," a valuable little work ed. by Andrew 
 Stewart, Dundee. 
 
 To JIVE, V. a. To fetter, shackle ; hence, 
 to arrest, capture. E. gyve, id. 
 
 Argyle was ta'en, and a' his men ran away. 
 
 When Douglas jived him, 
 
 Eived him, 
 
 Drived him. 
 
 And of all hopes his stars had deprived him. 
 
 Hogg's Jacobite Relics, I. 176. 
 
 Welsh, gefyn, a fetter, gyve ; Gael, geimheal, id. 
 JOGS, JOGES, JOGIS, S. V. JOUGS. 
 JOLIOUS, lOLlOUS, adj. Jolly, full of jollity. 
 
 So loyous is, so locund for to vse, 
 So lolious repleit of all plesance. 
 
 Rolland, Court of Venus, i. 315, S. T. S. 
 0. Fr. jolif, joli, jolly : from 0. Norse jol, a great 
 feast : whence Swed. jula, to feast, and E. Yule. V. 
 Burguy's Gloss. 
 
 JONET-FLOUR, s. V. Jonette. 
 
 Jonet is from 0. Fr. jaulnet, yellowish (dim. of 
 jaulne, Mod. Fr. jaune, yellow), and was applied to 
 different flowers: see Notes in Dict., and s. v. Jaul- 
 nette, in Cotgrave. Hence, when there is no qualifying 
 or distinguishing term along with the name, it is 
 almost impossible to determine which flower is meant. 
 The Jonet-flower, however, that is referred to in the 
 passage from the Kingis Quhair, is represented as 
 having beautiful plumes, and this characteristic feature 
 is found in only one of the flowers that bear the name, 
 viz., the Great St. John's Wort, which has its stamens 
 parted and grouped in most beautiful tufts or plumes. 
 A single glance at that flower will convince the reader 
 that it was to it the poet referred ; and this opinion is 
 confirmed by Gotgrave's definition of Jaulnette, as 
 "Harding, . . great S. John's Wort." V. Skeat's 
 ed. of The Kingis Quair, p. 70, where the foregoing 
 explanation first appeared. 
 
 JOROFFLE, s. A gilly-flour. V. Jerof- 
 
 FLERIS. 
 
 JOSE, JOSING, JOYSING. V. JOIS. 
 
 JUBISH, DuBlSH, adj. Doubtful, suspicious ; 
 having reason to doubt, suspect, or fear. 
 Both forms are used in West of S. : the 
 
 To beguile, hoodwink, 
 
 first is common in Orkn. Corrupt forms 
 
 of dubious. 
 
 " Patie was unco sweir tae rise ; and sweir was he 
 tae tak the lock aff o' the hass-iron ; for he was 
 terrably jubish o' Brockie's muckle fit. For ye see hid 
 was fought a muckle smolie on ony aen wha was 
 joggid, gin he deud no kick the offisher whin he teuk 
 him oot." Dennison, Orcadian Sketch-Book, p. 33. 
 
 JUDAS CROIS, Judas Croce, s. The centre- 
 piece of the Paschal candlestick used in 
 churches. 
 
 "Item, for the mending of the sepulture, the 
 chapell dure, and Judas crois [in the Kingis chapell 
 Striuilling], iiis." Accts. L. H. Treas., 1494-5, I. 228, 
 Dickson. 
 
 "The paschal candlestick in churches, which was 
 usually of brass, had seven branches, from the seventh 
 or middle one of which a tall thick piece of wood 
 painted like a candle, and called the Judas of the Pas- 
 chal, rose nearly to the roof, and on the top of this was 
 placed at Eastertide the paschal candle of wax. " Ibid ., 
 Gloss. 
 
 To JUGGILL, V. a. 
 deceive. 
 
 Tha.ir{Qir htjiiggillisyovr, quo I. 
 
 For Juggillaris, that all men begylis, 
 
 Divertis thair els with subteill wylis, 
 
 Sum uder obiect to behauld 
 
 Till thay half wrocht the thing thay wauld. 
 
 Itob Stene's Dream, p. 16, Mait. C. 
 
 O. Fr. jogler, jugler, to deceive cleverly ; Lat. jocU' 
 lari, to jest, make fun of ; Burguy. 
 
 JUGGS, &c., s. pi. V. Dict. 
 
 A much simpler and more satisfactory etym. for this 
 word is given in the following note. 
 
 "Juggs is simply the Fr. joug, a yoke, and so derived 
 from Lat. ingum at second hand. The E. jug, a cant 
 term for a prison (also called jocosely a stone jug), is 
 the same word. The yo^e is the iron collar." Skeat. 
 
 JUIP, JUYP, S. V. JUPE. 
 
 JUPE, s. V. Dict. 
 
 The Fr. , Ital. , and other terms given by Jamieson 
 for this word are all of Arabic origin : see Littre, 
 Scheler, and Brachet. The Arabic word is juhhat, 
 jubbet (final t is not sounded), an under-garment, a 
 waistcoast quilted with cotton. V. Richardson's Diet., 
 p. 494. 
 
 JUPERTY, JuPERDY, s. A feat or display 
 of magic or sleight-of-hand, a pretence, 
 deception. Addit. to Jupperty. 
 
 He couth werk wounderis quhat way that he wald : 
 Mak of a gray gus a gold garland ; 
 A lang sper of a betill for a berne bald ; 
 Nobillis of nut schellis, and siluer of sands. 
 Thus jowkit with juperdys the jangland Ja. 
 
 Houlate, 1. 789, Asloan MS. 
 
 0. Fr. jeu parti, a divided or drawn game : hence 
 the idea of risk, chance, skill, &c. 
 
KAE 
 
 [145] 
 
 KEE 
 
 K. 
 
 KAEST, s. A dunghill, sink; Orkn. V. 
 
 Keuss. 
 
 KAIM, s. A low ridge, etc. V. Dict. 
 
 This word in all its applications is the same as comb, 
 and is not allied to Fr. clme, which is from Gk. kuma. 
 It is from A.-S. camb, a comb, crest, ridge ; Dan. Sw. 
 Du. kam, Icel. kambr. See Comb in Skeat's Etym. 
 Dict. 
 
 KAIPIT, part. pt. Coped, covered, topped ; 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, I. 148. 
 
 KAIR-SKYN, s. A calf's skin. Misprint 
 in Dict. 
 
 KAKA, s. Wild hemlock ; Orkn. 
 
 KALENDIS, s. pi. Kalends, beginnings ; 
 " kulendis of comfort," Kingis Quair, st. 
 177. 
 
 Worschippe, ye that loiieris bene, this may, 
 
 For of your blisse the kalendis are begonne, 
 And sing with vs, away, winter, away ! 
 
 Ibid., St. 34, Skeat's ed., S.T.S. 
 
 This is an imitation of Chaucer's kalendes of hope, 
 Troil., ii., 7, and kalends of eschaunge, Id. v. 1646. 
 
 KALSHES, s. pi. V. KiLCHES, Calshes. 
 
 KAMSTARY, adj. V. Camsterie. 
 
 KANER, Kainer, s. Overseer, bailiff, water- 
 bailiff. V. Canare. 
 
 "Item, to the Lairdis Kaner for keiping of the yair 
 anno Ixxxx. [1590] thre bollis victuell, inde ix. lib." 
 Thanes of Cawdor, p. 193, Sp. C. 
 
 This term is still used in North of S. as the name of 
 a water-bailiff. 
 
 KAR GAIT, s. A cart-road ; Burgh Recs. 
 Brest wick. 
 
 KAUCH (gutt.), Keach, Kiaugh, Caigh, s. 
 
 Fighting, struggling, battle, bustle, anxious 
 exertion, anxiety about one's family or 
 business. Addit. to Kauch, q. v. 
 
 His wee-bit ingle bliukan bonilie 
 
 His clean hearth-stane, his thrifty Wifie's smile, 
 The lisping infant prattling on his knee, 
 
 Does a' his weary kiaugh and care beguile, 
 And makes him quite forget his labor and his toil. 
 
 Burns, Cottar^s Saturday Night, st. 3. 
 The first ed. read kiaugh and care ; but in the ed. 
 of 1793 the phrase was altered to carking cares. In 
 latest eds. the original reading has been adopted. 
 
 Janiieson's etym. of kauch is wrong. The word is of 
 Celtic origin, being from Gael, cathaich (pron. kdech), 
 to fight ; cathachadh (pron. kdacha), fighting, struggling; 
 from cath, a fight. 
 
 (Sup.) T 
 
 KAVEL, Kevel, s. A lot. V. Cavel. 
 
 An interesting illustration of the legal phrase "bij 
 kavel or lot," occurs in Erskine's Institutes, in the pas- 
 sage which tells how a Sheriff "kens a widow to her 
 terce." It runs thus : — " She cannot possess any lands 
 exclusive of the heir till the Sheriff ken her to her terce, 
 by dividing the lands between the heir and her. In this 
 division, after determining by kavel or lot whether to be- 
 gin by the sun or the shade, i.e., by the east or the west, 
 the Sheriff sets off the first two acres for the heir, and the 
 third for the widow ; and on the division of the whole in 
 this manner, the widow, by herself or her procurator, 
 takes instruments in the hands of a notary public." 
 
 KAVIE, s. V. Cavie. 
 
 KEABING-STANE, s. Coping, covering. 
 Addit. to Keapstone. 
 
 "... and the keaping-stane to be of outlairis, 
 frie wark, and boulted with irne fra the eist end to the 
 wast end on ilk syd." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, II. 300, 
 Sp. C. 
 
 KEBBUCK-HEEL, s. The end-piece or 
 remnant of a cheese. V. Kibbuck. 
 
 wives be mindfu', ance yoursel 
 
 How bonnie lads ye wanted, 
 An' dinna, for a kebbuck-heel, 
 Let lasses be affronted 
 On sic a day ! 
 
 Burns, Holy Fair, st. 25. 
 
 KECHAN, s. Same as Keechin, q. v.; 
 Alex. Wilson's Poems, p. 67, ed. 1876. 
 Wrongly rendered yeast in Gloss. 
 
 KEDDIE, s. A little kid; " ane lamb 
 keddie," a young lamb. Witchcraft, Spald. 
 Club. Misc., I. 129. 
 
 To KEDGE, V. a. To fill, stuff, gormandise: 
 '■'■ hedged like a king" is a common saying 
 after a good meal. 
 
 Kedge-kyte, s. Lit. a fill-belly ; a glutton, 
 a coarse or greedy person at table ; also 
 applied to a big-bellied person. 
 
 KEELD, Kelde, part. pt. Marked with 
 keel or ruddle ; " the lambs are a' keeldy 
 V. Keel. 
 
 Thow has thy clamschellis and the burdoun kelde. 
 
 Dunbar and Kennedie, \. 431. 
 
 KEEVE, s. V. Dict. 
 
 A. -S. cy'fe, from which this word is derived, is prob. 
 borrowed from Lat. cupa, a vat. Keeve is a form of 
 KiVE, q. v. 
 
KIT 
 
 [148] 
 
 KNO 
 
 the sowen-seeds were steeped and prepared ; a savt- 
 hit, or barrel, for storing salt ; and various others. 
 But in every case the kit was a wooden vessel for hold- 
 ing the stock, store, or supply of the article it con- 
 tained ; and the store or supply it held, as also the 
 quantity required to till it, was also called a kit. 
 
 KiTTiE, Cootie, s. A dimin. of kit ; a small 
 tub or shallow wooden vessel that can be 
 easily carried about by hand ; West of S. 
 0. Du. kitte, a tub ; Mod. Du. kuip. 
 
 KITLING, KiTLiN, s. A kitten. V. Kitt- 
 ling. Icel. ketlingr, a kitten. 
 
 KITTIE, s. V. DiCT. 
 
 The various uses of this term prove that Callander's 
 etym. is correct. Kittie is certainly a dimin. of Kate; 
 and it is so used in P, Plowman, B. xviii. 426. 
 
 KIVE, 5. Same as keeve, a tub, q. v. 
 
 Kive is the more correct form ; as the word is derived 
 from A.-S. cy'fe. V. Keeve. 
 
 KLYPE, Klyte, v. and s. V. Clype, 
 Clyte. 
 
 KNABBIE, s. Lit. a small knab or knob ; 
 a short bit of wood to pass through the eye 
 of a rope used as a stall-tether ; same as 
 Knool; Orkn. V. Munkie. 
 
 KNAIF, Kneyf, Kxave, s. A child, servant. 
 V. Knaw. 
 
 Used also as an adj. ; as in Knave-Bairn, q. v. 
 
 Knaifschip, s. V. Knaveship. 
 
 KNAIP, s. a servant. V. Knape. 
 
 KNAP, s. Knop, knob, cover, projection ; as, 
 " The Knap of hir elbow," Burgh Recs. 
 Glasgow, II. 242, Eec. Soc. Addit. to 
 Knap, q. v. 
 
 KNAPPISKUA, s. V. Knapscha. 
 
 KNAPPOLD, s. V. Knappel. 
 
 KNAPPY, adj. In small roundish lumps, 
 abounding in small lumps ; Orkn. 
 
 KNAUCHT, -part. pt. Caught, adopted; 
 Douglas, Virgil, i. ch. 5. 
 
 To KNAW, V. a. To make known, confess, 
 own. Addit. to Knaw, q. v. 
 
 " . . . the said Thomas sal fyrst syt done on his 
 kne and tak the nakit nyff that he hurt the said 
 William with in his hande, and opynly knaw that he 
 has offendit til him, and deliuer him the said knyf, to 
 do with it that he will." Burgh Eecs. Aberdeen, 2 
 Dec, 1467, I. 27, Sp. C. 
 
 Knawin, part. pt. Made known, declared, 
 
 adjudged, allotted, put in possession. 
 
 " . . . ther is now cammyn befor yow the doch- 
 tir of the fyrst wyff clamande the said lande as air 
 thairto and to be knawin be yow to the samyn and 
 richt." Ibid., 20 Mar., 1468, I. 28, Sp. C. V. Note 
 under Kbn, s. 6. 
 
 Knawing, s. Knowledge ; to fore knawing^ 
 foreknowledge ; Kingis Quair, st. 148, 
 Skeat's ed., S.T.S. V. Knaw. 
 
 Knawlegeing, s. Knowledge, information, 
 means of knowing or learning. 
 
 Yit nevertheles we may half knawlegeing 
 Of God Almychtie be his creatouris. 
 
 Henryson, Preiching of the Swallow, 1. 29. 
 
 KNEEF, adj. Active. Y. Dict. 
 
 The etym. of this term is correct enough ; but the 
 assertion that Fr. naif, is derived from Lat. gnavuf^, is 
 utterly wrong ; they have no connection whatever. 
 Fr. naif is from Lat. nalivus. V. Littre' and Bkachet. 
 
 To KNEISTER, v. n. To creak; applied 
 
 also to the sound made in smothering a 
 
 laugh ; part. pr. kneisterin, as in kneisterin 
 
 shoon, creaking shoes. 
 
 Prob. allied to Dan. knuse, to bruise, crush ; Icel. 
 knosa, A.-S. cnysian. 
 
 To KNICK with nay. Y. Neck, Nykis. 
 
 To KNIP, Knyp, v. a. To crop, nibble ; as, 
 " to knip the grass ;" part. pt. knyp', Doug- 
 las, Yirgil, xii. prol. ; but commonly knipt or 
 knypt. 
 Icel. hneppa, to cut short. Cf. E. nip. 
 
 To KNITT, Knytt, v. a. To combine, 
 strengthen; Kingis Quair, st. 194; part, 
 pt. kiiet, knit, twined; Ibid., st. 31. Addit. 
 to Knet, q. V. 
 
 Knitten, part. pt. Knit, compacted, built. 
 
 This form is still used. 
 
 For William wichttar was of corss 
 Nor Syni, and better knittin, 
 Sym said he sett nocht by his forss, 
 Bot hecht he sowld be hittin. 
 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 24, ed. 1882. 
 
 To KNOOL, Knule, Nool, v. a. To beat 
 with the knuckles or closed fist, to thrash ; 
 also, to beat or nag on the knuckles, as in 
 the game of marbles called Nags, q. v. 
 West of S. 
 Knool is simply a contr. form of knuckle. 
 
 To Knool, Knule, Knul, Nool, v. n. To 
 knuckle down or place the closed fist on 
 the ground to receive nags ; also, to bow, 
 yield, submit, fawn, cringe : part. pt. 
 knoolt, knuled, is frequently used as an adj.y 
 meaning crushed, dispirited, henpecked; 
 but generally written noolt^ nuled, q. v. 
 
 KNORHALD, s. Prob. the same as Knap- 
 pel, q. V. 
 
 Oak-wood cut into battens or staves is called knappel, 
 or knorral; and the battens are called knappalds, knap- 
 polds, knapholts ; hence, knorral should give knorralds 
 or knorhalds. 
 
 " Et pro duobus millibus bordarum, xxij li. Et pro 
 ducentis ktiorhaldis vj li." Exchequer Rolls. 
 
.0^ 
 
 KNU 
 
 [149] 
 
 LAD 
 
 KNUCKLE-DUMPS, s. pi V. Nags. 
 
 KOO, s. A form of kook, the act of cower- 
 ing, stooping, inclining forward ; " at cap 
 andkoo" at rising and falling, applied to the 
 motion of a ship at sea ; Sempill Ballates, 
 p. 231. V. KooK, Cap. 
 
 KORT, adj. Short ; " ane kort sleif," Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, I. 175, Sp. C. 
 
 0. Fr. cort, from Lat. curtus, short, E. curt. 
 
 KOSCHE, adj. Hollow ; and as applied to 
 
 a tree decayed, as, *' the mekle kosche fir 
 
 tree," Douglas, Virgil, v. ch. 8. 
 
 Gael, cosach, abounding in hollows, recesses, cre- 
 vices ; M'Leod and Dewar. 
 
 KOUHUBIE,s. A cow-herd; Douglas, Vir- 
 gil, viii. prol. V. Cowhubby. 
 
 To KOW, V. a. To eat greedily, to munch ; 
 Orkn. V. Cow. 
 
 KOW, s. The custom or tax of a cow 
 claimed by the Church on certain occasions. 
 Addit. to Kow, q. v. 
 
 In illustration of the manner and the spirit in which 
 this old claim was exacted by the Church, see the 
 second quotation under Umast Claith in DiCT. • 
 
 The following passages state how this vexatious 
 exaction was abolished. 
 
 On that, sir Scribe, I tak ane instrument 
 Quhat do ye of the corspresent, and kow t 
 
 Lyndsay, Thrie Estaites, 1. 2819. 
 We will decerne heir, that the Kingis grace 
 Sail wryte unto the Paipis Holines : 
 With his consent be proclamatioun, 
 Baith corspresent and cow we sail cry doun. 
 
 Ibid., 1. 2832. 
 An interesting statement regarding ' ' the corspresent 
 and kow " of the vicarage of Tain is given in Orig. 
 Paroch., TI. pt. 2, p. 427. It show show the "crying 
 doun " of these old Church claims affected the vicar. 
 
 "The said haill provestrie consistit in ofifrandis, and 
 the vicarage of Tain, of the whilk vicarage the kirk 
 kow and clayth with the pash offrandis ceiss, and only 
 
 restis teind lamb and teind lynt, quhilk will not extend 
 to XX lib. or thairby." 
 
 The passage quoted in DiCT. occurs at 1. 3903. 
 
 Jamieson left this term undefined ; but in a note h& 
 gave Pinkerton's rendering, which is wrong. 
 
 KOY, adj. V. DiCT. 
 
 Euddiman is certainly correct in making this term 
 the same as E. coy ; Fr. coi. 
 
 KR^M, Krame, s. Booth, shop. V. Cream^ 
 Craim. 
 
 This form is not common, but was used by Sir 
 W. Scott in Rob Roy, ch. xiv. 
 
 To KREEST, V. a. To press, squeeze; 
 
 Orkn. 
 Kreest, s. Pressure, crush ; applied also to 
 
 a falsetto voice, a forced cry, groan. Ibid. 
 Dan. kryste, Swed. krysta, to squeeze. 
 
 To KRINE, Kreen, v. a. and n. V. Crine* 
 KUAFE, s. A coif or net. 
 
 Her brycht tressis envolupit war and wound 
 Intill a kuafe of fyne gold wyrin threid. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, iv. ch. 4, Small's ed. 
 
 O. Fr. coif, coiffe ; Low Lat. cofia, a cap ; in M. H. 
 Ger. ku^e, kupfe, a cap worn under the helmet. 
 
 KUNER, s. A taster. V. Cunnar. 
 
 KUSSEN, part. pt. V. Kissen. 
 
 KYLES, s. pi. A game of chance, called 
 also nine-pins; also, the pins used in the 
 game. Addit. to Kiles, q. v. 
 
 The great Argyle led on his files, 
 I wat they glanc'd for twenty miles ; 
 They hoiigh'd the Clans like nine pin kyles. 
 
 Burns, Shirra-Mooi; s. 2. 
 
 KYMMEOUN, s. Same as Kimmen, q. v. 
 
 KYNE, s. Kindred ; Douglas, Virgil, i. ch. 
 3, Small's ed. A.-S. cyn. 
 
 KYRSET, s. KiRKSETT, Kerset. 
 
 KYTLE, V. and s. Tickle. V, Kittle. 
 
 L. 
 
 LACHT, s. A vulgar pron. of laft, a loft, 
 q. V. V. also Lajt. 
 
 LADLE, LADILL, s. 1. A burghal duty 
 charged on grain, meal, and flour, brought 
 to market for sale ; also, the proceeds or in- 
 come obtained from that duty. 
 
 The Ladle was an important item of the Common 
 Gude in old market burghs, and was farmed or set 
 yearly to the highest bidder. At first, and for centuries, 
 the duty was paid in kind— a ladleful from every boll, 
 but latterly it was commuted to a money payment. 
 
 " The casualities of the mercat, callit the Ladill, is 
 sett to Robert Millare, meleman, quhill Whitsonetys- 
 day nixtocum, for the sowme of nyne scoir merkis 
 money, to be payit at the termes vsit and wont ; 
 souertie for payment thairof, Johne Wilsoun, mer- 
 chant ; the termes are third in hand, third at myd 
 terme, and the rest at Beltane." Burgh Recs. Glas- 
 gow, 1 June, 1574, I. 14, Rec. Soc. 
 
 2. The dish or vessel used as the measure in 
 exacting this duty; also, the box used in 
 churches for receiving the collection. 
 
LAW 
 
 [152] 
 
 LEA 
 
 Lawdis is here used like laudery, loose-living, which 
 Jamieson has wrongly connected with the A.-S. verb 
 to drink, pour out. Both terms are much more closely 
 allied to E. lewd. V. Laudery. 
 
 LAWRENCE, Laurence, Lourence ; 
 Lawrie Laurie, Lourie; Lawry, 
 Laury, Loury, s. 1. Various forms of 
 the common name for the fox ; the first set 
 represents tlie name in full ; the others the 
 colloquial forms of it, 
 
 . . Behald thais sj'mpill scheip, 
 
 But bird or hound that sould thame kepe ; 
 
 I lang for blude latt ws go bj-te, 
 
 And quenche our hungry appetyte. 
 
 O quhat a pray, sa fair and fatt ! 
 
 Quod Lawrence, sirs, thank me for thatt ! 
 
 Rob Stene's Dream, p. 16. 
 All the varieties of the full name occur in this 
 satirical poem on Chancellor Maitland ; but the form 
 generally adopted by authors is Lourence. Most 
 frequently, however, the term occurs in the contracted 
 and colloquial forms laurie, lourie ; and the frequency 
 with which it occurs, together with the number of 
 authors who use it, testify that the name has been in 
 common use all over the country for centuries past. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson's remarks upon this word (under the 
 form Lowrie), and specially his statement regarding the 
 etymology of it, are practically of little worth ; indeed, 
 the greater part of the article is quite outside of the 
 subject, and even what relates to it is not satisfactory. 
 The name is derived from O. Fr. larronceau, " a pil- 
 ferer, filcher, little theefe ; " Cotgr. The aptness of 
 the term quite explains its acceptance and general 
 adoption all over Scotland. Besides, the shorter forms 
 Laurie, Lawry, Lourie, are represented in 0. Fr. by 
 the forms larron, and lerre, thief, plunderer. V. Cot- 
 grave's Diet. 
 
 2. The great bell of a church was called 
 Laurence, Lourie, Lang Lourie. 
 
 In olden times this bell was rung on important occa- 
 sions only ; but after the Reformation it was used as 
 the workman's call-bell in the morning, and the bed- 
 bell at night. V. Burgh Recs. Glasgow, I. 292. 
 
 " And he [the sacristan] sale ger ring curfoyr contin- 
 uale, at hour and tyme aucht and wont. Atour he sal 
 nocht ring Laurence at the saule messe nor menyngis, 
 bot for the nobill and honorabill personis of the town, 
 without leif of the alderman and the counsale." Burgh 
 Rocs. Aberdeen, I. 72, Oct. 1503, Sp. C. See also 
 III. 46. 
 
 In cathedral and other large churches the bells were 
 generally dedicated to favorite or patron saints ; but 
 in Scotland the great bell was commonly allotted to 
 St. Laurence, and went by his name. In many of our 
 large towns the bell rung at ten o'clock, night, is called 
 Lourie, lang Lourie, big Lourie ; and its call is still, at 
 least acknowledged to be, the signal for respectable 
 people to retire homeward from calls or amusements. 
 
 LAWRY, Lawr, 5 Laurel, the emblem of 
 
 excellence, victory, &c. Fr. laurier. 
 
 . . thow suld be bye renownit, 
 
 That did so mony victoryse opteyn ; 
 
 Thi cristall helme with lawry suld be crownyt. 
 
 Dunbar, Welcum to Lord B. Stewart, 1. 67. 
 
 L.^WTOCHE, s. Loyalty. V. Laute, 
 Lawta. 
 
 To LAY tae or to, v. a. Besides the primary 
 meaning, put, bring, or place together, this 
 
 V. is used with the sense of (1), to lay on, 
 exert, apply, expend ; as, " Ye may lay tae 
 the water now," i.e., let on or apply the 
 water, as in starting a mill ; '' Begin now, 
 and lay tae your hale strength," i.e., exert 
 or expend it. 
 
 2. To close, shut ; as, " Lay tae the lid now," 
 i.e., close it ; " Lay tae the door ahint ye," 
 shut it. 
 
 3. To lay a hand tae or to, to lay one^s hand 
 tae or to, to commence, begin, take part in ; 
 to undertake, become responsible for ; as, 
 " I have not laid a hand tae't yet ; " " Na, 
 na, I canna lay my han' to that wark, nor 
 will I provide siller for't." 
 
 Lay-tae, Lathie, s. 1. a hold-fast built 
 into the wall of a byre at the head of each 
 stall, and to which the cow is closely tied 
 up : in Orkney called a lathie. 
 
 2. A contest of any kind ; as, " The twa cast- 
 out, and had a grand lay-tae ; but I jist let 
 them hae't out ; " West of S. 
 
 To LAYNE, V. a. To conceal, hide ; " noght 
 to layne,' not to hide anything, to tell the 
 whole truth. V. DiCT. 
 
 The three entries under this heading ought to be 
 combined : they represent the same word under slightly 
 different meanings. In the first entry the definition 
 is wrong : in the second, which has no definition, the 
 statements are in part correct : in the third, the 
 definition is coirect, but needless difficulties are raised 
 regarding its application. In all three entries, how- 
 ever, the etymology is wrong, almost entireli'. 
 
 The origin of the term is Icel. leyna, to hide, conceal. 
 
 LAYS, s. pi. Leas ; or short for lasors, 
 leasures, lesures, low grassy lands, pastures. 
 V. Lesuris. 
 
 Upon that night when Fairies light 
 
 Ou Cassilis Downans dance. 
 Or owre the lays in splendid blaze, 
 
 On sprightly coursers prance. 
 
 Burns, Halloween, st. 1. 
 
 To LAYT, V. a. To look for, seek, seek 
 after. Addit. to Layt, q. v. 
 
 Del. the note under this term : the suggestion is a 
 mistake. 
 
 This term is not common in S., and is now almost 
 confined to the southern and border districts. Its 
 compound forleit, to forsake, desert, is still used in 
 various districts. V. Forleit in DicT. 
 
 Icel. leita, to seek, search ; Dan. lede. 
 
 LEADER, Ledar, s. A driver, carter, 
 carrier; " Ze(^7'gs of burne," water-carriers, 
 carriers of burn-water ; Burgh Recs. Edin- 
 burgh, II. 141, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Water for culinary purposes M'as called spring or 
 well-water, and hard-water ; and that used for washing, 
 cleansing, &c., was called hum or river-water, and 
 soft-water. Until comparatively late years the occu- 
 
LEA 
 
 [153] 
 
 LEK 
 
 pation of water-carrier was followed by a large number 
 of men and women ; some carried by hand, i.e., in 
 pails, stoups, large tin cans, or a stand* ; some by 
 barrow, i.e., in a barrel set on a barrow ; and some by 
 cart — ^those were the leaders. The quantity taken at 
 each load by these carriers was called a gang. 
 
 * The stand was a barrel open at one end, and 
 carried between two by means of spokes, as a hand- 
 barrow is. 
 
 LEAME, adj. Splendid, gaudy. V. Leme, 
 V. and s. 
 
 "For as Lucanus to Cesar sayes (who after the 
 Pharsalian defeate of Pompey his host did inhibite to 
 burne, that is after the Romane vse to bury the slane), 
 Capit omnia tellus quce geniiit, coelo tegitur qui non habet 
 venam. The which transuersed meanes — 
 The earth is ready to receiue her broode. 
 And lieauens will couer when leame tombes cannot 
 do'ide. 
 
 Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 2. 
 
 To LEAP, Leip, v. a. To parboil. V. Leep. 
 LEARY, s. A lamplighter. V. Leerie. 
 LECTION, Lectioun, s. Election, choice. 
 
 ". . . and than the court fensyt about, ilke man 
 be his awn vos gaf thair lectioun to the sayd Schir 
 John, and gaf hym lef thairtyll." Burgh Recs. 
 Peebles, 14 June, 1462. 
 
 Lat. lectio, election, choice. Cf. the lectio aenatiis of 
 the Romans. 
 
 LEDIN, Ledne, Lidne, adj. Lead, leaden, 
 for or suited for lead ; as, " ledin nalis," 
 nails used in fastening lead. 
 
 ". . . for casting of the Zi(?«e gutters and mend- 
 of thame." Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, II. 367, Rec. Soc. 
 
 " Item for plantiour nalis, lidne nalis, and dur nalis 
 to the lacht [i.e., loft] and uther wark." Ibid., II. 366. 
 
 A. -8. lead, Dan. and Sw. lod, lead ; M. E. leed. 
 
 LEENTGYIE, adj. V. DrcT. 
 
 This is simply a var. of "Lenyie," and should be 
 combined with it : both forms are still used. 
 
 LEET, s. One portion of many, etc. V. 
 
 DiCT. 
 
 In last para, of this entry, A.-S. Jilefe should be 
 A.-S. hUt. 
 
 LEEVIN LANE. V. Dict. 
 
 This expression is not peculiar to Ayrs. : it is com- 
 mon in various districts, even in Orkney also, where it 
 is pron. leevin leen. 
 
 To LEEZE, Leese, v. a. V. Leis, Leis 
 Me. 
 
 LEFFEN, s. The name given to a farm or 
 township in the Western Isles consisting of 
 a halfpenny land. 
 
 " In the Islands the township usually consisted of 
 what was called a penny land, but occasionally of the 
 halfpenny land, termed Leffen. These penny lands, 
 however, were of different sizes." Skene's Celtic 
 Scotland, III. 371. 
 
 Gael, lethphein, comp. of leth, half, and peighinn, a 
 penny. 
 
 LEG-DOLLAR, Leged-Dolour, Leggit- 
 DoLLOR, s. A coin of the United Provin- 
 (Sup.) U 
 
 ces worth about fifty-eight shillings, Scots. 
 Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 " Johne Rankine persewed Johne Ross, taliyour, for 
 withholding from him ane leged dolour, at 5 s., anent 
 the niffer of ane horse." Corshill Baron-Court Book, 
 Ayr and Wigton Arch. Coll., IV. 104. 
 
 Not "a dollar of Leige," as suggested by Jamieson, 
 but so called from its having the "impression of a man 
 in armes with one leg, and a shield containing a coat 
 of armes covering the other leg, upon the one syd, 
 which does usually pass at the rate of fiftie-eight shil- 
 lings Scots money." Coinage of Scotland, by R. W. 
 Cochran-Patrick, Vol. II. p. 158, No. xlv. Addit. to 
 Leg-Dollor. 
 
 LEGENCE, s. Licence, permission, liberty. 
 
 " . , . and the legence gevin to vnfremen to saill 
 with merchandeise, and ws and occupy the fredome of 
 this gud toune. " Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 94, Sp. C. 
 
 Lat. legare, to send, depute, appoint, and hence 
 allow in the sense of make lawful : l^g being here the 
 stem of lex, a law. 
 
 LEG-HARNES, s. Greaves, armour for the 
 legs ; Douglas, Virgil, xii. ch. 7. 
 
 LE ID STERNE, s. Loadstar, pole-star. V. 
 [Lode- STERNE.] 
 
 And sik Arcturus quhilk we call the leidsterne. 
 
 houglas, Virgil, i. ch. 1, Small's ed. 
 
 To LEIND, V. n. To go, wend; also, to 
 consort, connect, ally. Addit. to Leind, 
 q. V. 
 
 Thay wald with nobill men be nemmit, 
 
 Syne laittandly to lawar leindis ; 
 
 So find I thair aifectioun 
 
 Contrair thair complexioun. 
 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 71, ed. 1882. 
 " To lawar leindis," to men of lower rank they go of 
 their own accord, i.e., they connect themselves, con- 
 sort, cohabit. Jamieson's etym. is correct, viz., Icel. 
 lenda, to land, settle, take up one's abode ; but it also 
 means "to close with one another;" Cleasby and 
 Vigfusson ; and the term has a much wider range of 
 meaning than is represented in the Dict. It means 
 "to go, wend," in AUit. Rom. Alexander, 11. 379, 393 ; 
 "to rest, tarry for a season," Ibid., 1. 221, Barbour, 
 iii. 747, V. 125; "to consort, cohabit," as in the 
 example from Scott ; "to abide, dwell," as in quota- 
 tions in Dict., q. v. 
 
 LEINE, s. Misprint for Leme. V. Dict. 
 
 To LEIR, Lear, v.a. To learn; to teach. 
 V. Lake. 
 
 LEISK, Lesk, s. The groin. V. LiSK. 
 
 To LEK, V. n. To leak, drain, filter, 
 
 Lek, s. la leak ; the drop from a tap or 
 spigot ; also, leakage ; as, " Set a can to kep 
 the lek. The lek rins to a gallon a week." 
 
 2. The pit in which a tanner soaks the bark, 
 
 and from which the tan-liquor is drawn off 
 
 for use. 
 
 It is so called because the liquor leaks or filters from 
 it into a side-chamber called the lek-ee ; and from this 
 well it is drawn off to the tan-pits. 
 
LEK 
 
 [1541 
 
 LET 
 
 Lekness, s. Leakiness, leaking. 
 
 " . . and cum within the hawin and port of the 
 said burgh be ane north eist wind and lekness of ane of 
 thair said schippis." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 439, 
 16 July, 1508, Sp. C. 
 
 Icel. leka, to drip, dribble, leak ; Dan. Iceke, Du. 
 lekken ; M. E. leken. 
 
 LE-LANE, Lea-Lane, adv. All alone, 
 lonely, in loneliness ; " my le-lane^^ all by 
 myself, with no one near me, or with no one 
 belonging to me. 
 
 LEMANRIE, Lamexrie, Lame, s. The 
 arts, practices, or delights of lovers ; hence, 
 free-love, carnal delight, fascination of love ; 
 also, illicit love, harlotry, adultery. Addit. 
 to Lemanry, Lamenry, q. v. 
 
 Gif siclik lufe cummis of your Lamenrie, 
 Your luif and lust heir planelie I deny. 
 
 Holland, Court of Venus, iii. 481, S. T. S. 
 With ardent lufe scho holdis me at hart. 
 In clene enrage and vailyeant victorie, 
 Scho feidis me with fude of Lamenrie, 
 Scho cleithes me with cloikis of curtesie. 
 
 Ibid., i. 397. 
 In last extract misprinted Lameurie ; and in Gloss, 
 is defined as "sorcery," in both passages. Such a 
 meaning is impossible in either passage, and is not im- 
 plied by the term itself. Glamoury, in the sense of 
 the fascination of love, love-spells, might serve to re- 
 present some of the applications of the term. V. Le- 
 
 MANE, LkMMAN. 
 
 The contracted form lame occurs in Henryson. 
 Pract. Medecyne, 1. 20. 
 
 To LEME, V. n. V. Dict. 
 
 "The E. gleam, though so often confused with lem^, 
 is in no way allied to it. Leme is A-.S. Uoma; but 
 gleam ia A. -S. gl(em." Skeat. 
 
 LENCE, s. Lit. a lance, i.e., a prick; 
 " worth a lence" worth a prick, worth speak- 
 ing of, in the least, at all. 
 
 This four scheldis of pryce in to presence 
 War chenyeit so chevalrus, that no creatur 
 Of lokis nor lynx mycht lous worth a le7ice. 
 
 Houlate, 1. 606, Asloan MS. 
 
 To LENCH, V. a. and n. To spring, bound ; 
 as, " He lenched owre the burn like a grew." 
 West of S. Addit. to Lench, q.v. 
 
 Lench, s. a spring, bound, leap. 
 
 ' ' As for leroboams Prophet . . the sense is, that 
 being preuented by death (as he was by the lyons 
 lench) he should neuer see home nor ly in the common 
 laire by a peaceable death." Blame of Kirkburiall, 
 ch. 19. 
 
 Fr. lancer, to hurl, fling ; lance, a lance ; from Lat. 
 lancea. 
 
 LENTEN, s. Spring, the spring season; 
 Orkn. Addit. to Lentren, q. v. 
 
 To LEP, V. a. To lap, lick up ; pret. and 
 part. pt. lepit. Addit. to Laif, q. v. 
 
 " . . quhilk bluid quhen the doggis had hpit 
 theirof they iustantly deit." Trials for Witchcraft, 
 Spald. Misc. I. 120. 
 
 Icel. lepja, A.-S. lapian, Dan. lobe, to lick up. 
 
 LEPRON, Leproun, s. A young rabbit or 
 hare. 
 
 " Provyding that the conyngis and Uprones be sparit 
 betwix [ ] and Alhallowmes, " Burgh Eecs. Edinburgh, 
 II. 231. 
 
 O. Fr. leporin, of or belonging to a hare ; lapereau, 
 a young rabbit ; Cotgr. 
 
 LERIT, Leirit, Leyryt, pret. and part. pt. 
 Learned, instructed, taught. V. Lare. 
 
 LESSURE, s. V. Lichory. 
 
 LESTY, adj. Skilful, expert, ingenious: 
 "the lesty beuer"; Kingis Quair, st. 157, 
 Skeat's Ed. V. Liste. 
 
 A.-S. list, art. 
 
 LET. The following uses of let have been 
 overlooked in the Dict. 
 
 To Let ajf, v. a. To fire, shoot ; as, " He 
 let aff the gun." Like Let gae or go, s. 2, 
 q. V. 
 
 To Let doun, v. a. 1. To descend : as, " Noo 
 jist let yersel doun the stair canny," i.e., 
 descend cautiously. 
 
 2. To demean, degrade : as, " I winna let 
 mysel doun sae for twice the siller." 
 
 3. To lower, reduce, drain ; as, " to let doun 
 flesh,^' to reduce overfed mutton or beef by 
 bleeding the animal for hours before 
 slaughtering it. 
 
 "That all flescheouris bring thair flesche to the 
 mercat croce, and that thai blaw nane thairof, nor yit 
 let it doune, nor score it, vnder the pane of viij. s." 
 Burgh Recs. Peebles, 15 July, 1555, Rec. Soc. 
 
 " It is statute and ordanit that thair be na muttoun 
 Bcoirit on the bak nor na pairt thairof, nor yit lattin 
 doun before, bot ane scoir owder befoir or behynd, 
 wnder the pane of viij. s. ilk fait ; and that na martes 
 be bowbredit nor lattin doun, under the same pane." 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 6 Oct. 1574, I. 26, Rec. Soc. 
 
 The "lettin doun of fiesch " was a trick of the flesher- 
 trade common all over the country, and practised for 
 centuries in spite of the stern enactments of the magis- 
 trates, and the heavy fines inflicted in order to put it 
 down. It was a barbarous, cruel method of reducing 
 the ramp flavour of the flesh of animals — mostly sheep 
 — that were deemed too fat. Slight incisions were 
 made in the tail or in the lower part of the breast of 
 the animal, and it was left to bleed slowly for some 
 hours before it was put to death. When the bleeding 
 was at the tail, the animal was said to be lettin cv 
 lattin doun behind ; and when it was at the breast, it 
 was said to be lattin doun before. This cruelty is nov,- 
 unknown in the trade ; but half a century has not 
 passed since it ceased to be perpetrated. 
 
 To Let gae or go, v. a. To let loose, set, 
 send ; as, " He let go the dog at him." 
 Addit. to Let gae or go, q. v. 
 
 To Let oot, Lat oot, v. a. To open, open 
 up : as, " to let cot a girran," to lance or 
 open up a boil : also, to widen, enlarge ; as, 
 " to lat oot a sleeve or a skirt. 
 
LET 
 
 [155] 
 
 LIE 
 
 LETRIN, Letron, Letrown, s. V. Let- 
 
 TERON. 
 Letrin is evidently borrowed from 0. Fr. letrin, 
 which is derived, not from Lat. lectorium, as stated by 
 Jamieson, but from L. Lat. lectrinum, which is from 
 Gk. Uktron. Prob. he was misled by finding lectorium 
 as on<? of the synon. of leterone in Prompt. Parv. The 
 terms, however, have no etym. connection. 
 
 The primary sense of the word is bed, couch ; hence, 
 rest for a book ; but it has no connection with Lat. 
 legere. 
 
 LEVER, s. Errat. in Dict. for lyre^ com- 
 plexion, countenance. 
 
 A mistake in Pinkerton's version. Del. the note : 
 for loncked is a misreading of louched, bending down, 
 drooping. V. Sir Gawayne, Gloss. 
 
 LEVER. Lever lourd, rather by far, very 
 much rather, preferred rather. 
 
 Enough of blood by me's been spilt ; 
 
 Seek not your death frae me ; 
 I'd lever lourd it had been mysel 
 Than either him or thee. 
 
 Gil Morice, st. 48. 
 Lit. rather rather ; but, while lourd is often used 
 like lever or leifer, it is much more frequently used as 
 a pret. or part. pt. ; and this is confirmed by the use 
 of loor, lour, which occurs nearly always with a verbal 
 meaning. It is in this acceptance that the last mean- 
 ing, " preferred rather," has been given above. See 
 examples under Lour. 
 
 Leverest, Leaverest, Lieferest, adv. 
 
 Rather, much rather : superh of lief, and 
 
 used as a strong form of Lever, q. v. 
 
 Orkney. 
 LEVERIE, s. Leave or permission from 
 
 the owner : still in use. Addit. to 
 
 Levere', q. V. 
 
 The term occurs in the mystery-play of Christ's 
 entry into Jerusalem, in the question of the porter to 
 the disciples. 
 
 Sale, what are ye that makis here maistrie, 
 To loose thes bestis withoute leverie ? 
 Yow semes to bolde — 
 
 York Mystery Plays, p. 203, 1. 65. 
 In the Gloss, it is rendered delivery. 
 0. Fr. Iivr6e, delivery, that which is delivered, given, 
 or granted. V. Cotgr. Dict. 
 
 LEVIN, Lewyn, s. Living, means of living, 
 sustenance, provision : leivyn, Burgh Recs. 
 Peebles, 13 Dec, 1456, Rec. Soc. 
 
 LE V YNE, Lewyn, s. A kind of hght canvas. 
 
 "Et in empcione triginta quinque ulnarum de levyne." 
 Exch. Rolls, Scot. IL 444. 
 
 "De qua compntat in panno coloris, tela lata et 
 stricta, canubio grosso et subtili sive leivyn." Ibid, p. 
 371, where it is misprinted lelbyn. 
 
 LEYRYT, pret. Learned, were learning; 
 Burgh Recs. Peebles, 19 Jan., 1466. V. 
 La RE, Lerit. 
 
 LIBRAR, LiBRARE, s. Library ; a house, 
 room, or press, in which books are kept; 
 Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, IV. 183. Fr. 
 libraire, id. 
 
 This term is scarcely found in our Records before 
 the beginning of the 18th cent. : till then, the word 
 most commonly used was bibliotheck; and a librarian 
 was called a bibliothecare. 
 
 LICHER (ch soft), LiCHOUR, Lychour, s. 
 A lecher, lecherous person ; Dunbar, Tua 
 Mary it Wemen, 1. 174 ; Douglas, Virgil, 
 iv. prol. 
 Pron. lucher and loocher {ch soft) in West of S. 
 
 LiCHEROUS, adj. Lecherous, lascivious ; 
 Sempill Ballates, p. 200. 
 
 Now to reforme thair fylthy licherous lyvis, 
 God gife the grace aganis this guid new yeir. 
 Alex. Scott, New Yeir Gift to Queue Mary, st. 8. 
 
 LicHORY, Lychory, Luchrie, Lessure, S. 
 
 Lechery, lasciviousness ; Dunbar, Tua 
 
 Maryit Wemen, 1. 445 : luchrie, Alex. 
 
 Scott's Poems, p. 9, ed. 1882 : lessure^ 
 
 Henryson, Pract. Medecyne, 1. 20. 
 
 O. Fr, lecheor, lecher, lit. one who licks up, a man 
 addicted to gluttony and lewdness : lesckeur, lecherous : 
 from O. H. Ger. lechdn, to lisk. V. Skeat'a Etym. Dict. 
 
 LICHIS, s. pi. Lights, tapers, altar-lights ; 
 this pron. is still common. 
 
 " . . . deuisit and ordand all the takismen of the 
 watteris of this guid townn to pay and deliuer yeirlie 
 at the natiuitie of our Lord, call it Yowill, the lichis of 
 wax, to the honour of God, our lady, and thair patroun 
 Sanct Nicholace, conforme to thair auld vse and con- 
 suetud ; that is to say, euery takisman of the raik and 
 Done, thre lichis . . . to be gevin to the lichis of 
 our altaris of our lady croce in the loft, and Sanct 
 Nicholace," etc. Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 149, 15 
 Dec, 1533, Sp. C. 
 
 The term occurs repeatedly in this entry, and 
 throughout these Recs., but is sometimes misprinted 
 lithis. 
 
 LICHT-HORSEMEN, s. pi. Plunderers, 
 reivers, raiders : like the moss-troopers of 
 the border; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, III. 
 118, Rec. Soc. 
 
 LICK, s. A small quantity of anything ; as, 
 a lick of salt, a lick of sugar : and a piece 
 of work that has been carelessly or imper^ 
 fectly done, or has had slight attention 
 bestowed on it, is said " to have got a lick 
 and a promise." 
 
 LIDDER, LiDDERNES, s. Sloth, laziness. 
 " 111 ! he's jist ill wi' the Udder," i.e., op- 
 pressed with laziness : liddernes, Rauf Coil- 
 zear, s. 61. V. LiDDERtii/. 
 
 LiDDERON, LiDRONE, s. A lazv, slovcnly, 
 or careless person ; South and West of S. 
 V. Ladrone. 
 
 The etym. of Udder given by Jamieson is impossible : 
 that suggested by Ruddiman is certainly correct. A. -S. 
 ly'thre, ly'tker, bad, wicked : to which Germ, liederlich, 
 careless, etc. is allied. V. under Lidder. 
 
 LIE, s. A term used in golfing: — (1.) The 
 inclination of a club when held on the 
 
LIE 
 
 [156] 
 
 LIN 
 
 ground in the natural position for striking. 
 (2.) Tlie situation of a ball — good or bad. 
 
 To LIE. The following peculiar uses of this 
 verb are common all over the country. 
 
 To Lie 6y, v. n. 1. To lie aside, apart, or 
 away from others of the same kind; as, 
 " Let that ane lie by till it's sortit." 
 
 2. To lie or remain unused, to stand idle ; as, 
 " Let the lame horse lie by for a week." 
 
 3. To commit adultery. V. Ly-By, s. 
 
 My Father was ane Erie and had ane wyfe, 
 Thocht he abusit his body and lay by. 
 
 Sempili Ballates, p. 134. 
 
 4. To keep off, stand back or away from, let 
 alone ; as, when a shepherd calls in his dog 
 from the sheep, he orders it to lie by. 
 
 To Lie oiore near. To be too fond of; as, 
 "That cat lies owre near the fire to be a 
 good hunter : also, to be too much cared 
 for or fondled ; as, "That lass lies owre near 
 her mither to make a guid wife." 
 
 LIEGE, s. A subject. V. Dict. 
 
 The derivation of liege, from Lat. ligatus, bound, as 
 given by Jamieson, was long and commonly accepted, 
 but is now discarded. That it has come thi'ough the 
 Fr. lige, liege, is certain ; and that lige is allied with 
 ligatna by early French writers is also certain ; but 
 careful comparison has shown that this connection was 
 a mistake, and has caused confusion in the various 
 meanings of the term ; and that the history of the 
 term before this confusion, points undoubtedly to 
 O. H. Germ, ledic, lidic (Mod. Germ, ledig), free. 
 Littr6 gives the origin of the term as uncertain : but 
 Burguy and Brachet quite certainly give it as Germ. 
 ledig. Taking this acceptation of the term, a liege 
 lord was a lord of or over lieges, forming a free band 
 or band of /ree-men ; for, his lieges or liege-men, though 
 bound to him in the strictest manner, were free from 
 all astrictions or service to the soil, and therefore free 
 to follow him wherever he called or led. V. Skeat's 
 Etym. Dict. 
 
 LIFEY, adj. Cheery, merry, entertaining; 
 
 also, active and pushing in business. Addit. 
 
 to LlFEY, q. V. 
 
 This term is still current in various districts of the 
 country, and is generally used in the senses given 
 above. 
 
 LiFiLY, LlFiLlE, ado. With life and spirit; 
 heartily, merrily. 
 
 LiFiNESS, s. Liveliness, energy, spirit, mirth. 
 LIKAME, s. Body. V. Licaym. 
 
 LiKAMY-DOCKS, LiKMY-DOCKS, S. An old 
 name for the pillory, jougs, gyves, &c. 
 
 Long after the pillory, the jougs, and all such modes 
 of punishment had been abolished, this term was used 
 to impress the youthful mind with ideas of dreadful 
 punishment consequent on wrong-doing, and especially 
 on prowling about in forbidden places. The strange 
 
 jail-like name of the place or thing (the meaning of 
 which was carefully concealed), and the vague, dire 
 consequences threatened, roused an indescribable 
 terror in the offender, which no known reality could 
 produce. Natives of the West of S. will no doubt re- 
 cognise the term, and smile as they recall the terror it 
 inspired. 
 
 LIKE, Lyke, adj. 1. Looking, with the 
 appearance of ; as, ill-like, ill-looking ; good- 
 ly ke, good-looking; liame-like, with the 
 appearance of home, or homely -looking. 
 Addit. to [Like, adj.'] 
 
 I grant I had ane Douchter was ane Queue, 
 Baith gude and fair, gen till and Liberal], 
 Dotit with vertewis and wit Natiu-all ; 
 Prignant in Spreit, in all things honourabill. 
 Lusty, gude lyke, to all men fauourabill. 
 
 Sonpill Ballates, p. 164. 
 
 2. Similar, equal, even. 
 
 In the game of golf, when both parties have played 
 the same number of strokes, they are said to be like, 
 and they say to each other like-as-we-lie. V. Golfer's 
 Handbook, p. 34. 
 
 3. As a 5.; like, the like, even (as opposed to 
 
 odd), the even stroke, are terms in golfing. 
 
 Also, the match, the equal, one in every 
 
 respect similar, as, in matching ribbon, 
 
 cloth, etc. one shows the pattern and asks, 
 
 " Ha'e ye the like o' that 1 " 
 
 In golfing, the stroke which makes a* player equal 
 with his opponent is called "the like." "If your 
 opponent has played one stroke more than you — i.e., 
 ' the odd,' your next stroke will be ' the like.' " Golfer's 
 Handbook, p. 35. 
 
 4. As an adv. implying desire, intention, neces- 
 sity, or constraint ; as, " Weel, just say I'm 
 like to gang the morn," i.e., I am purposing 
 or intending to do so : " If ye do that ye're 
 like to pay for it," i.e., you will be bound, 
 compelled, or constrained to do so; West 
 and South of S. 
 
 This use of like is common in the North of E. also. 
 V. Brockett's Gloss. 
 
 LILLY-LOW, s. Lit., a little flame, but 
 
 used in nursery parlance for a bright light, 
 
 a bonny light, " a bonnie wee low." 
 
 Dan. lille, little, and lue, a light, flame. 
 Under Low, s., in Dict., this term is discussed ; but 
 neither meaning nor etymology is correct. 
 
 LIME-CRAIG, Lyme-Craig, s. A lime 
 quarry, a limestone-cliff ; Burgh Rec s. 
 Glasgow, II. 177, Rec. Soc. 
 
 LIND. Leif on lind, leaves on the trees ; 
 Dunbar and Kennedie, 1. 196. Addit. to 
 Lind. 
 
 This phrase is used in expressions denoting length 
 of time, greatness of number, etc. ; as, " Last while 
 there's leif on lind," i.e., as long as leaves grow on 
 trees; "Ma nor there is leif on lind," i.e., more 
 numerous than the leaves on the trees, or than leaves 
 in a forest. 
 
LIN 
 
 [157] 
 
 LOU 
 
 LINE, Lyne, s. Lint. V. Lm. 
 
 LINGLE, s. and v. V. Lingel. 
 
 LINGY, adj. and s. Applied to the greasy 
 surface that settles on stagnant water; 
 Orkn. 
 
 LIPNIT, LyPNiT, pret. and part. pt. of LlP- 
 PEN. Trusted, expected ; Douglas, Virgil, 
 Bk. V. ch. 14, Small's ed. 
 
 To LIRT, LiRTE, V. a. To deceive, beguile ; 
 
 more commonly belirt; syn. gowk, hegowk; 
 
 West, of S. 
 LiRT, LiRTE, s. Cheat, deception, fooling, 
 
 go-by ; " He gied her the lirt," i.e., the 
 
 slip, go-by, or, he befooled her ; syn. gowk. 
 
 LIS, interj. Alas ! lis-a-lis, alas, alas I Prob. 
 only the local pron, of E. alas ! Orkn. 
 
 LISOME, adj. Lawful : a form of Lesum, 
 q. V. Burgh Recs. Glasgow, II. 260. 
 
 LIST, Lyst, s. Border, hem, edge; syn. roon, 
 rund, Ayrs. rung ; Kingis Quair, st. 178. 
 
 LITHLESS, adj. Cheerless, comfortless ; 
 cold and hard. V. Lithe, adj. 
 
 The mitherless bairnie creeps to his lane bed, 
 Nane covers his cauld back or haps his bare head ; 
 His wee hackit heelies are hard as the airn, 
 An' lithless the lair o' the mitherless bairn. 
 
 W. Thorn, The Mitherless Bairn. 
 
 LIVRA, s. Vent : the opening in the roof 
 of a house for the smoke to escape by ; 
 Orkn. and Shetl. E, louver. 
 
 Such smoke-vents may still be seen in various dis- 
 tricts of the Hif^hlands and in the Hebrides. Regard- 
 ing those in the jfar north, see Hibbert's Shetland, p. 115. 
 
 Icel. Ij6ri, Norse liore, Dan. Ijore, Sw. liure, the 
 louver or smoke vent in the roof of a house, where the 
 fire is made in the middle of the floor. 
 
 LOB, part. pt. Gelded, libbed : lob-aver, a 
 gelded horse, Dunbar, Tua Maryit Wemen, 
 1. 387. V. under Lib. 
 
 LOCALITIE, s. Apportionment of a levy 
 or impost on a town or district for the sup- 
 port of soldiers, or purposes of war ; Cors- 
 hill Baron Court Book, Ayr and Wigton 
 Arch. Coll., IV. 172. Addit. to Locality. 
 
 The locality was taken sometimes in money, some- 
 times in food, clothes, silver-plate, etc., according to 
 circumstances. The term was often used in the gene- 
 ral sense of cess, impost. V. Book of War Committee 
 of Kirkcudbright. 
 
 LOCHE, s. Bakin - loche, Alex. Scott's 
 Poems, p. 27, ed. 1882. V. Bakin-Lotch. 
 
 LOCHT, adj. A form of latch, thick, stout, 
 substantial. 
 
 "Ninian Gilhagy is fand in the wrang for iniuring 
 and hoisting the haill oflBceris, calling thame false 
 beggares, lymmeris, and lownes, and that he suld belt 
 
 tua of thaime with ane locht rung." Burgh Bees, 
 Glasgow, I. 199, Rec. Soc. 
 
 LOGGERAND, adj. Loose-hanging, long 
 and unshapely, sprawling. V. LoQGAR. 
 
 Hir hingand browis, and hir voce sa hace 
 Hir loggerand leggis, and hir harsky hyde. 
 
 Uenryson, Paddok and Mous, 1. 45. 
 
 LOIK-HERTIT, adj. Kindly disposed : Dun- 
 bar, I. 79, ed. Laing. V. Luik-hartit. 
 
 LOIKMAN, s. V. LocKMAN. 
 
 LOKIN, LOCKIN, LOKYN, part. pt. Locked, 
 enclosed, enfolded; Kingis Quair, st. 185 ; 
 interlocked, closely folded, as, lokyn-gowariy 
 the globe-flower ; but the common form is 
 lucken or lukin, q. v. 
 
 LONE, s. Errat. in DiCT. for lorre, a laurel : 
 a form of LORER, q. v. 
 
 A misreading in Pinkerton's version. Del. note: its 
 suggestions are altogether wrong. 
 
 LONGEIT, pret. V. DiGT. 
 
 May be read lougeit, lodged, as stated by Jamieson, 
 and this reading agrees better with the context. It ia 
 so printed in the Hunterian Club issue of the Banna- 
 tyne MS. 
 
 LONGEOUR, Lounger, s. A sluggard, 
 lazy one ; " lurkandlike a longeour," Doug- 
 las, Virgil, viii. prol. 0. Fr. longard. 
 
 LONYE, Lunye. s. Loin. V. Lunyie. 
 
 LOO, s. Milk horn, i.e., the porous bone in- 
 side the horns of cattle ; Orkn. In Shetl. 
 called Slo, q. v. 
 
 LORE, part. pt. Errat. in DiOT. for loghe,. 
 low. V. under Lorre. 
 
 LORN, part. pt. Lost, destroyed, ruined; 
 Douglas, Virgil, xii. ch. 6. 
 A.-S. loren, lost ; part. pt. of leosan, to lose. 
 
 LORRE, s. A laurel. V. LoRER. 
 
 Under a lorre they light loghe by a felle . 
 
 Awntyrs of Arthur e, st. 3. 
 Misread lone by Pinkerton : and for loghe he gave 
 lore. In the version printed by Laing the line runs 
 thus : — 
 
 Sythen vndir a lorere scho lyghte lawe by a felle. 
 
 LOTE, s. Featmre, aspect, countenance; 
 
 variant of late. V. Lait. 
 LOUGEIT, pret. Lodged, abode, lived; 
 
 Colkelbie Sow, 1. 593, Bann. MS., Hunt. G 
 
 LOUN, Loon, s. V. Dict. 
 
 The etym. of this term is left very uncertain. Most 
 of the suggestions are only guesses ; indeed, the only 
 statement that is reliable is the one by Sibbald, that 
 the derivation is from Teut. loen, a stupid, dull, foolish 
 person. To this must be added 0. Du. lome, Mod. 
 Du. loom, slow, inactive. And that to, not n, is the 
 older root letter is shown by its appearance in all the 
 cognate languages. V. Loon, in Skeat's Etym. Dict.^ 
 also in Wedgwood's. 
 
LOU 
 
 [158] 
 
 LUF 
 
 To LOUR, LOOR, V. a. To like, prefer, wish 
 desire ; pret. and part. pt. lourd. 
 
 I loor by far she'd die like Jenkin's hen, 
 Ere we again met yon unruly men. 
 
 Ross's Helenore, p. 234, ed. 1868. 
 I wad lourd have had a winding sheet, 
 And helped to pnt it owre his head. 
 Ere we again met yon unruly men. 
 
 Minstrelsy Border, I. 106. 
 Seek not your death frae me ; 
 I'd lever lourd it had been mysel, 
 Than either him or thee. 
 
 Gil Morice, st* 48. 
 This V. is formed from the comp. of leif, willing. V. 
 under Lbvek. 
 
 LOUR, s. Lucre, gain, profit, pay, reward. 
 V. DiCT. 
 
 A lase that luvis bot for lour. 
 
 Colkdbie Sow, 1. 148, Bann. MS. 
 Not defined in DiCT. The rendering of this line 
 there given is vrrong. 
 
 Perhaps a corr. from Lat. lucrum; but more prob. 
 from Gael, luach, value, pay ; Irish luach, price, wages. 
 
 LOVAGE, LOUAGE, s. Praise, adoration : 
 " for the lavage of God ; " Burgh Recs. 
 Edin., L 58, 80, 214, Rec. Soc. V. LouE, 
 
 LOVERY, LuFRAY, s. Corrupt forms of 
 
 livers/, bounty, or gift given to a servant at 
 
 certain times in addition to wages, or as 
 
 part of them. V. Levere'. Addit. to 
 
 LovERY, q. V. 
 
 Not defined in Dict., but the correct meaning is 
 suggested in the accompanying note. The etym., 
 however, is not Su.-G., but Fr. livree, that which is 
 delivered, stipend, donation, livery. It is correctly 
 given under Levere', q. v. 
 
 To LOWE, V. a. To make low, humble, 
 fawn, submit ; Douglas, Palice ot Honour, 
 Pt. I. St. 6. V. Laice. 
 
 LOWING, LowiNS, LouiN, Lo'm, s. Al- 
 lowance, supply; also, reward or punish- 
 ment due to one. Addit. to [Lowance], 
 q. V. 
 
 " . . . and has na lowing to vphald the samyn 
 and daly chaplane thairat bot our ouklie penny gaderyt 
 amangis the brethir of the said craft." Burgh flees. 
 Edinburgh, 17 Sept., 1533, Vol. II. 
 
 *' . . . for meting his Majestie's Lieutenant at 
 Inuernes the tuentie day of September nixt to cum, 
 thairfra to pas vpon Lewis with fourtie dayes loin, and 
 to report bak answer to the consall." Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, II. 229, Aug. 1602, Sp. C. 
 
 The term is still so pron. by elderly people in the 
 West and South of S. ; as, in speaking of a beggar, 
 "She comes every week for her lowins;" or, of a 
 widow, "Her guidman left her a gude loin." 
 
 Fr. allouer, to let out for hire : from L. Lat. allocare, 
 to allot. 
 
 JjOWIS, s. pi. Lochs; represents the pron. 
 of louchis. V. LouCH. 
 
 LOWNIT, adj. Still, calm, serene; "the 
 lownit air," Doug., Virg., v. ch. 4. V. LOWN. 
 Icel. logn, serene, tranquil. 
 
 LOWRANE DAY, Laurne Day, s. St. 
 Laurence-day, 23rd August; Spalding C. 
 Misc., I. 136. 
 
 LOWS, LowsE, adj. Loose. V. Louse. 
 
 To LOWT, V. and s. V. Lout. 
 
 LUBER, LuBOR, s. A lazy fellow, an idle 
 
 beggar : a term of contempt ; Sempill Bal- 
 
 lates, p. 67. 
 
 Gael, lobhar, a leper, worthless fellow : comp. of 
 lob, to rot, and fear, man, person : a contemptuous 
 term. M. E. lobre, lobur. 
 
 LUCHER (ch soft), s. A form of lecher, a 
 lecherous person ; West of S. V. Licher. 
 
 LucHRiE, s. Lechery ; Alex. Scott's Poems, 
 p. 71, ed. 1882. V. under Licher. 
 
 Printed "lulhrie" in Lord Hailea' Bann. Poems, p. 
 196, St. 10. 
 
 LUCIVE, adj. Bright, shining, glossy. 
 
 Thoch now in browdir and begary. 
 She glansis as scho war Queine of Fary, 
 With costly furis lucive and sable. 
 With stanis and perle Inuvmerable ; 
 All gold begaine, a glorious growme, 
 Slamb ouer with faird and fyne perfwme. 
 
 Hob Stenc's Dream, p. 4, Malt. C. 
 
 By the editor of the poem lucive is defined as a s., 
 meaning, ' ' A kind of fur : supposed to be that of the 
 otter"; but both sense and structure are better satis- 
 fied by reading it as an adj. with the meaning given 
 above. The statement implies that the furs were 
 either bright, shining, in contrast to sable, i.e., tchite 
 and sable, or, that they were bright, shining, in addi- 
 tion to sable, i.e., glossy and black : the first meaning, 
 however, is the more likely. 
 
 Prob. an adaptation of Lat. lucijicus in the sense of 
 lucidus, bright, shining. 
 
 LUCKS-TU. Generally used as an interj.^ 
 
 look, observe, note, remember ; West of S., 
 
 Orkn. 
 
 This expression is not a contr. form of lookest-thou, 
 but simply the old pron. of the older Anglian form 
 looJcs-thou or loks-thu : similar to has-tu, hears-tu, is-tu, 
 says-tu, sees-tu, etc., which are still used. Tu was the 
 common pron. of thou, when it followed the verb ; and 
 in various parts of the country it was prevalent till 
 within comparatively late years : but though still 
 common in Orkn., and used Ijy elderly country people 
 in the West of S., it is rapidly becoming obsolete. 
 
 LUC RIF ACTION, s. The act of winning 
 or gaining by one's own exertions; Blame 
 of Kirkburiall, ch. xix. V. LuCRiFiE. 
 
 LUF and LIE. A sea term; to hug the 
 wind closely ; Sempill Ballates, p. 230. 
 V. under LuiFE. 
 
 LUFE, LuF, LuiF, LOOF, s. Hand : as, " He 
 gied me his lufe on't," he gave me his hand 
 by way of pledge ; implying that they had 
 struck hands over the business. Addit. to 
 LUFE. 
 In many parts of the country the old bargain-fest, 
 
LUF 
 
 [159] 
 
 LYM 
 
 "There's my lufe, I'll ne'er beguile ye," may still be 
 heard at the conclusion of a bargain. Another and 
 perhaps older form of the saying is, "There's my 
 thoom, I'll ne'er beguile ye. " 
 
 To Look to one's Lufe. To glance aside, 
 to withdraw one's attention from work or 
 duty for a moment, to attend to any- 
 thing else while one's lord or master is 
 near. 
 
 I dar nought luk to my lufior that lene gib, 
 He is sa full of ielusy and engyne fals. 
 
 Dunbar, Tioa Maryit Wemen, 1, 120. 
 
 The same idea is expressed, but in slightly diflferent 
 terms, a few lines further on. 
 I dar nought keik to the knaip that the cop fillis. 
 For eldnyng of that aid schrew that euer on euill thynkis. 
 
 Ibid., 1. 125. 
 
 LUIF DROWRY, s. Love-pledge, token or 
 assurance of love. 
 
 A Sidonian steid 
 Of cullour quhite, quham Dido, the fair lady 
 In hir remembrance gaif hym in luif drowry. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, v. ch. 10. 
 
 LUKISMES, LouKiSMES, Luxmess, s. The 
 feast of St. Luke, 18th Oct. ; one of the 
 terms at which payments of accounts was 
 made ; Burgh Recs. Glasgow, L 153, Rec. 
 Soc, Burgh Recs. Prestwick, p. 15, Mait. 
 C, Ayr and Wigton Arch. Coll., IV. 95. 
 
 LUKKIN, 
 
 webbed. 
 
 part, and adj. 
 V. LUCKEN. 
 
 Close-fitting, 
 
 LUNGSUCHT, Lunsaught, Loungsocht, s. 
 Lung-disease, a disease of cattle, now 
 called pleuro-pneumonia. 
 
 " . . thou confessis to be a spreit, and puttis four 
 stanis in the four nokis of the ward [i.e., an enclosure 
 prepared by the witch or warlock], and charmes the 
 samen, and thairby haillis the guidis, and preservis 
 thame fra the lunsaucht and all vther diseasis." Trials 
 for Witchcraft, Spald. C. Misc., I. 120. 
 
 The curious reader will find a full account of charm- 
 ing for lungsucM, murrain, and other diseases of cattle, 
 with various forms of charm and directions for using 
 them, in the Appendix to the Preface of Kalendars of 
 Scottish Saints. 
 
 A.-S. lunge, pi. lungan, the lungs, and sucht, 
 disease. The lungs are so named on account of their 
 lightness ; and in Scot, are called, for the same reason, 
 the Uchts. 
 
 LURE, Lare, Laar, s. Flesh, lean flesh. 
 V. under Lire. 
 
 LUSH, s. A stroke, blow, cut, as with a 
 wand or cane. V. Leische. 
 
 To Lush, Lusch, v. a. and n. To dash, rush, 
 encounter ; to strike at, lunge, beat, batter. 
 
 Sa wondir frely thai frekes fangis the fight, 
 Thai luschit and laid on, thai luflyis of lyre. 
 
 Ool. and Gawane, st. 78, 1. 5. 
 This term was overlooked both bj' Pinkerton and 
 Jamieson, although it occurs frequently in the romances 
 of Arthur and Gawayne. In Morte Arthur, 1. 1459, 
 we find — 
 
 With luliy launces one lofte they luschene to gedyres. 
 Again in 1. 2224 — 
 
 He laughte owtte a lange swerde and luschede one faste. 
 
 Prob. only a variant of lash, M. E. lasche ; but it is 
 a very old form, as it occurs in the York Mysteries, 
 both as a s. and as a v. See pp. 252, 292. As used in 
 the Gaw. Rom., lush is onomato-poetic, and has, like 
 dush, thwack, etc. originally at least, a reference to the 
 nature of the sound caused by the blow, and therefore 
 to the nature of the substances striking and struck. 
 It is still so used in the South and West of S. 
 
 LUSOME, LuESOME, Loesum, adj. Comely, 
 winsome, worth loving. Addit. to LuF- 
 SOME, LuSOME. 
 
 LYAM, s. A cord, rope. V. LiAM. 
 
 LYKAME, LiCAME, s. Body. V. LiCAYM. 
 
 LYMB, Lyivie, s. Limbus, place of torment, 
 purgatory : also, a prison, dungeon^ 
 thraldom. 
 
 Ane vthir place quhilk purgatory representis. 
 And, dar I say, the Lymb of faderis auld. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, vi. prol. 
 Fra rule, ressoun, and richt, redles I ran ; 
 Tharfor 1 ly in the lyme, lympit, lathast. 
 
 Houlate, 1. 969, Asloan MS. 
 
 InBann. MS. "lymb." 
 
 Lat. limbus, a border ; limbus patrum, a place on the 
 border of hell, where the patriarchs abode till Christ 
 came to free them. Hence the phrase in limbo, mean- 
 ing in prison. 
 
 LYMIT, Lymyt, Lemit, Lymmit, part. pt. 
 1. Adapted, fitted ; Douglas, King Hart^ 
 i. st. 3. Addit. to Lymmit, q. v. 
 
 2. Engaged, appointed, set apart. 
 
 " . . the quhilk to do we commit to you and to 
 your seruandis and factouris that sail be lymmit be you 
 thairto." Charters of Edin., 10 May, 1506, Ree. Soc, 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 444, 445, Sp. C. 
 
 Left undefined by Jamieson. The suggested mean- 
 ing and etym. are incorrect. 
 
 Lat. limitare, to appoint, adapt, fit, engage ; Dan. 
 lempe, id. 
 
 LYMMER, s. A rascal. V. Limmar. 
 
 In old Scot, laws the term was applied to a thief or 
 reiver. It is still in use, but applied generally to a 
 vicious or worthless woman, as in Wattie and Meg. 
 Ye'll sit wi' your limmers round you ! 
 
 Alex. Wilson's Poems, p. 7, ed, 1876. 
 
 Lymmerfull, adj. Rascally, full of rasca- 
 lity, villainous. 
 
 Thow has ane perrellous face to play with lambis : 
 
 Ane thowsand kiddis, wer thay in faldis full Strang, 
 Thy lymmerfull luke wald fie thame and thair dammis. 
 Dunbar and Kennedie, 1. 152. 
 
 LYMPIT, part. pt. Made limp and weak, 
 disabled, rendered powerless. Addit. to 
 Lympit, q. v. 
 
 Not defined by Jamieson ; but his suggestions re- 
 garding meaning and etym. are nearly correct. Icel. 
 limpa, weakness ; lemja, to thrash, flog, beat, so as to 
 lame or disable : like vulgar E. lam ; Cleasby and 
 Vigfusson. 
 
LYN 
 
 [160] 
 
 MAI 
 
 LYNE, part. pt. Lain ; " the samen has 
 lyne wast above the fyftie yeiris," Burgh 
 Recs. Glasgow, II. 321, Rec. See. 
 
 LYNE, Line, s. Lint. V. Lm. 
 
 LYR-E, s. Complexion, countenance, face. 
 Addit to Lyre, q. v. 
 
 Bot of his lyre was laithlie and horribill, 
 And had seikness quhilk was uncurabill. 
 
 Holland, Seven Sages, L 318; 
 
 M. 
 
 MAGHT, Maught, Maughts, s. V. 
 Maucht. 
 
 MAGNIFICKLY, adv. Splendidly, per- 
 fectly ; Bl. of Kirkburiall, Dedic. 
 
 MAID Meter, Mad Metir, s. Rhyming 
 couplets, rhyme. 
 Of the Cumean »Silyl the poet says : — 
 
 Of prophecie scho did write buikis nine 
 In maid meter and vers Rethoricall. 
 
 Holland, Court of Venus, ii. 511, S. T. S. 
 
 The form mad metir is sometimes rendered " doggerel " 
 and ' ' foolish or silly metre " ; but this is a mistake. 
 The poetry is, no doubt, sometimes poor enough ; but 
 the term does not convey that meaning. 
 
 MAIL, Mayl, Mayle, Mayll, s. A trunk, 
 case, or bag for travellers; Halyburton's 
 Ledger, p. 12. 
 
 Fr. malle, a trunk : from O. H. Ger. malha. V. 
 Brachet's Diet, 
 
 MAIL, s. Tribute, etc. V. Dict. 
 
 Jamieson's etym. of this term is misleading. The 
 " A.-S. m,ale, tribute," is purely imaginary ; so also is 
 "Isl. m,ala," — at least as a direct form. Besides, the 
 term was common in Celtic Scotland long before the 
 period of Saxon influence ; and, although in some of its 
 meanings it has got mixed up with Fr. maille (which 
 Littr6 and others derive from L. Lat. medallia, as 
 stated in Dict. ), it is to Celtic that we must look for 
 its origin. Most prob. Gael, mat, rent, tribute, tax. 
 Irish mnl, tribute. 
 
 MAIN, Mayne, Mane, adj. Chief, fine, 
 best ; as, mayne-flour, fine flour, best flour, 
 of which mane-bread was made ; Burgh 
 Recs. Edinburgh, I. 220, Rec. Soc. Addit. 
 to Mane, q. v. 
 
 Mainshots, Mainschottis, Maynschotes, 
 
 s. The finest or best produce : applied to 
 
 flour and spirits. 
 
 The lowest class of flour was called foreshots or first 
 flour, and the finest or best was mainshots, of which 
 manchet or mane-bread was made. lu the case of 
 spirits, the first that flowed from the still was a rank 
 strong liquor called forcshota ; after which came the 
 
 best produce or mainshots ; and the last or weakest 
 liquor was called the after shots. 
 
 MAINTO, Mento, s. V. Dict. 
 
 This is almost certainly a corr. from Lat. memento 
 (remember me ; imper. of memini, I remember), with 
 the common Scotch meaning mind, be indebted ; as 
 when one who has received a benefit says to the bene- 
 factor, "Til mind ye ior that," i.e., " I'll be indebted 
 to you for that," or, " I'll do as much for you again." 
 
 MAIR, s. A first magistrate, etc. V. Dict. 
 
 Mair with this meaning ought to form a separate 
 entry ; it is a totally dififerent word from mair, a 
 sheriffs-officer. It is the Fr. maire, a mayor, from 
 Lat. major, and is quite a modern word compared 
 with the other, which is the old Gael, mnor, an ofiicer 
 of justice. It was introduced into Scot, with the for- 
 mation of guilds and corporations of burghs, etc. ; but 
 it very soon gave place to the term'provost, w-hich still 
 continues in use. In the Statuta Gilde the term 
 occurs in the preface and in ch. 38 (Records version), 
 as Lat. maior, and is rendered in the Scot, translation 
 mair, and mayor. See under Maor. 
 
 MAIS, Maise, s. Six hundred ; a term used 
 in counting herrings ; Accts. L. H. Treas., 
 I. 382, Dickson. Addit. to Maze, Mese, 
 q. V. 
 
 As stated under Maze and Mese the number is five 
 hundred, but (as is not there explained), they are long 
 hundreds : hence, a mais of herrings, is 600 herrings. 
 That it was always so rated in Scotland has not been 
 ascertained ; but it certainly was so as far back as the 
 16th cent. In France, in the 13th cent., the maise of 
 red-herring — hareng sor — was fixed at 1020, of white- 
 herring — hareng blanc — at 800 : a rating and variation 
 which suggest that the muise was originally a measure, 
 not a number as explained by Skene in his Verb. Sign. 
 See Preface to L. H. Treas. Accts. p. ccvii., Dickson. 
 
 Gael, maois, ' ' a large basket or hamper, a certain 
 number of fish, five hundred herrings." M'Leod and 
 Dewar. 
 
 Cf. Breton maes, a pannier, measure, which was 
 adopted into 0. Fr. as "meisse, panier oil Ton met lea 
 harengs " ; Roquefort. 
 
 MAISTER, Master, s. A title given to 
 
 those, chiefly churchmen, who had taken the 
 
 master's degree in arts : Accts. L. H. Treas., 
 
 I. 1, 19, Dickson. Addit. to Maister, q. v. 
 
 Also, insert in s. 4 of this term in DiCT. after the 
 word farmer, "or other employer." 
 
MAI 
 
 [161] 
 
 MAN 
 
 Maisterstik, s. Lit. master-piece ; trial- 
 piece, or sample of one's skill and ability in 
 his craft. V. Sticke. 
 
 Before a craftsman obtained the freedom and privil- 
 eges of his craft, he had to produce his masterstik in 
 proof of his skill and ability. 
 
 " . . the person creven to be admittit free of his 
 craft first compone with the said deinis of gild, and be 
 admittit frie be the toun, the maisterstik of the person 
 to be admittit being exhibit and producit in judge- 
 ment." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, II. 34, Sp. C. 
 
 To MAIT, Mayt, v. a. To tire out, run 
 down, capture; Douglas, III. 255. 1., Small's 
 ed : part. pt. mat, mate, mayt, wearied, dis- 
 couraged, confounded; Gaw. Romances. 
 Addit. to Mate, q. v. 
 
 This term occurs in The Cherrie and the Slae, st. 16, 
 in the phrase " stall or malt," which is a phrase in the 
 game of chess ; and in that game mate is often used as 
 short for both "to checkmate," and "to be check- 
 mated." It occurs in the latter sense in the Kingis 
 Quair, st. 168. 
 
 " Help now my game, that is in poynt to mate." 
 
 Mait, Mate, s. Checkmate ; Kingis Quair, 
 st. 169, Skeat's ed. 
 
 Mait, mate, short for checkmate, is from 0. Fr. mat, 
 short for echec et mat, which, like the game of chess 
 with which it is connected, is of Persian origin. See 
 under Echec in Littre. 
 
 To MAK. To the various senses of this v. 
 represented in the Dict., add the following : 
 
 1. To mak costis, to defray costs; Accts. L. 
 H. Treas., I. 277, Dickson ; to mah expensis, 
 to defray expenses; Ibid. pp. 46, 201. 
 
 2. To mah furth, to complete, equip ; Ibid. 
 261, 339. 
 
 MAKELES, Makles, adj. Matchless. V. 
 Maikless. 
 
 MAKRELLE, s. A bawd, base woman; 
 Douglas, II. 170, 30, Small's ed. Fr. 
 maquei'elle. 
 
 MALDY, Maudy, s. A coarse woollen cloth 
 of a grey or mixed colour: so called because 
 it was like the material of a shepherd's 
 maud or plaid. It was also called plaiding, 
 and home-made. 
 
 "In the first, ane cloik oimaldy, price thriepundis ; 
 ane coit of the samyn hew, price fourtie schillings ; 
 ane dowblet of [camlet], ane pair of gray breikis, ane 
 pair of maldy schankes, ane lynning serk, &c." Burgh 
 Recs. Glasgow, I. 128. 
 
 The greater part of the clothing worn in rural and 
 Highland districts, even to a comparatively late period, 
 was made of this maldy ; and the cloth was to a great 
 extent, indeed in some households entirely home made. 
 The sorting, dressing, and dyeing of the wool, and the 
 spinning of it into yarn, occupied a great deal of the 
 time and care of the females in every household ; and, 
 when not woven at home, the yarn was given out to 
 workmen called customer or dadgeon weavers, by whom 
 (Sup.) W 
 
 it was converted into cloth. When of the grey or 
 mixed colour, and of the quality used for shepherds 
 plaids, both yarn and cloth went by the name of maldy, 
 or, as commonly pronounced, maudy ; hence we have 
 in the extract given above, "a cloik of maldy," and 
 maldy schankis " or stockings. 
 
 MALING, Malyn, s. A farm. V. Mailin. 
 MALLURE, s. Evil, ill. V. Malhure. 
 
 Fr. malheur, misfortune, evil ; but malheur is not 
 from Lat. mala hora, as Jamieson states, but from 
 malum auguriumj and bonheur, not from bona hora, 
 but from bonum augurium. Lat. augurium (augury, 
 presage), became agur, aiir, eilr, and latterly heur, 
 luck, fortune. V. Little, and Brachet. 
 
 MALTALENT, Mailtalent, s. Ill-will, 
 spite, passion, rage ; Douglas, Virgil, i. ch. 
 
 I, heading, x. ch. 12, Small's ed. V. Ma- 
 talent. 
 
 0. Fr. mal-talent, despite, ill-will ; Cotgr. 
 
 To MAMMER, Mamer, Memer, v. n. To 
 mumble, talk to oneself; also, to stammer, 
 speak indistinctly. V. Memer. 
 
 MANAS, Mannas, Manis, Mannis, s. A 
 threat, threatening; majjnancg, Douglas, II. 
 177.7, Small's ed. 
 
 To Manas, Mannas, Manis, Mannis, v. a. 
 To threaten ; pret. manasit, Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, I. 407 ; part, manysand, Douglas, 
 
 II. 82.6. Addit. to Mannes. 
 
 Fr. menace, a menace, threat ;' njewacer,Jto threaten : 
 from Lat. minacia. 
 
 MANDRAG, s. Lit. a mandrake ; but used 
 as a term of contempt for a deformed or 
 worthless man, — a mere semblance of a 
 man; Dunbar and Kennedy, 1. 29. 
 
 That the plant mandrake is so called because its root 
 presents the rude outline of a man is a mere fancy ; 
 but the resemblance may account for the use of the 
 word as a term of contempt. 
 
 A.-S. and Lat. mandragora, the plant mandrake. 
 
 MANG, Mangs, Mangis, prep. Among, 
 amongst ; South and West of S. V. 
 Amongis. 
 
 To MANG, V. a. V. Dict. 
 
 The passage from Piers Plowman given in illus 
 tration of s. 6 of this term is quite a mistake. As 
 Prof. Skeat has pointed out, it has nothing whatever 
 to do with mang. The spelling manzed is a mere 
 misprint for mansed, which is short for amansed, and 
 amansumed, excommunicated, and hence cursed. V. 
 Murray's New Eng. Diet., s. v., Amanse. 
 
 MANNA, Maunna, Munna. Forms of 
 Mauna, q. V. 
 
 MANTIL, Mantill, Mantle, s. A pack- 
 age of skins of fur, containing from thirty 
 to one hundred pieces, according to the 
 kind of fur and size of the skins or parts 
 
M A :s 
 
 [162] 
 
 MAR 
 
 of skins used; Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 15, 
 190, Dickson. 
 
 The package was prob. so named because it contained 
 sufficient for the lining of a mantle ; and the number 
 of pieces it contained necessarily varied considerably, 
 according to the kind of fur it contained, and because 
 it sometimes consisted of whole skins, and sometimes 
 of special parts of skins. See the varieties mentioned 
 in the Book of Customs and Valuation of Merchandise 
 in 1612, given in Halyburton's Ledger. In that work 
 the words mantil and pane, though not identical in 
 meaning, are used to denote the same number of skins. 
 See note in Gloss, to Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 425. 
 
 Regarding other kinds of packages, see under Bred, 
 Pane, Timmer. 
 
 MANTILL-WALL, Mantale-Wall, s. 
 A screen-wall, Douglas, Virgil, xii. prol. 1. 
 24, Burgh Recs. Glasgow, I. 12, Rec. Soc. 
 
 To MANURE, Mannor, Manor, v. a. 1. 
 To work, cultivate, administer, dispense : 
 as, " to manor Ian'," to cultivate the soil. 
 
 Leslie, in describing the southern counties of Scot- 
 laud, says : — 
 
 "In thame ar mony noblemen, and almaist all, bot 
 chieflie the mersmen, thay manure justice, and thay 
 studie to politike affaires." Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 10, 
 S.T.S. 
 
 2. To use, have the use of, possess, enjoy. 
 
 "Allsua the gud wif sal mannor thir thyngys qwil 
 Bcho lefis." Burgh Recs. Peebles, 13 April, 1457, p. 
 119, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Manure originally meant to work or till by hand, 
 and is a contr. form of manoeuvre, from Fr. manoeuvrer. 
 See Trench's Select Glossary. 
 
 MAOR, Mayr, s. Originally an officer 
 equivalent to our sheriffs-officer. Addit. 
 to Mair, q. V. 
 
 While the duty of the maor was to execute the 
 mandates of the sheriff, the office was hereditary, and 
 he was generally called the mair of fee. When the 
 district of the sheriff was large it was sub-divided into 
 two or more mairdoms : for example, the sheriffdom of 
 Angus had four bailliaries, and each had its own mair. 
 In some cases the office was attached to certain lands 
 in the district, and iufeftment in these was accompanied 
 by infeftment in the office : as, when Archibald, Earl 
 of Argyll, and dominus de Craignische, infeft Donald 
 M'lUechallum "in the lands of Corworanbeg, and also 
 of the office of sergeantry or maorship of the tenandry 
 or bailliary of Craignish." V. Innes' Legal Antiqui- 
 ties, p. 78-9. 
 
 Particulars regarding the casualties and fees connec- 
 ted with this office are also given in the work re- 
 ferred to. 
 
 Mair-Deput, s. Deputy-mair, sub-mair, or 
 officer of the sheriff. 
 
 " . . that the forsayd Johnn Dauidson, beyng ane 
 mair deput of Abirdene for the tyme, disobeyit the 
 forsayd WilUame RoUand eldar, shiref deput of Abir- 
 dene for the tyme, and myspersonet hym with mony 
 ewill wordis, . . and boistit the said shiref with 
 ane knyff at his awn buitht dur." Burgh Recs. Aber- 
 deen, 1539, I. 162, Sp. C. 
 
 Maormor, «. The great maor; an official 
 title of dignity in Celtic Scotland. 
 
 " The maormor s were the greatest officers of great 
 districts, and it is to them, and Ziut to the Thanes, 
 that Shakspeare, in Macbeth, should have made young 
 Malcolm address his speech — 'Henceforth be Earls !' 
 The maormors of Moray, Buchan, Mearrs, and Angus, 
 were exactly Comites or Counts : and, when the great 
 change took place about the time of Canmore, they 
 became Earls, and some of their descendants are so 
 still." Innes' Legal Antiq., p. 79. 
 
 " Maormor is an ancient title among the Celts, 
 found in misty and hardly historical Irish annals, but 
 now made Scotch history by the Book of Deir." Ibid. 
 
 Gael, maor, "an officer of justice, a bailiff, a catch- 
 poll, messenger : inferior officers in various cajiacities 
 are so called." M'Leod and Dewar. 
 
 Maormor is comp. of Gael, maor, as above, and vior, 
 great. 
 
 MAPPA-MOUND, s. The world, globe, 
 earth; Rob Stene's Dream, p. 17. Addit. 
 to Mapamound, q. V. 
 
 MAR ABAS, 5. and adj. A kind of bonnet, 
 
 a large flat cap : " ane tnarahas bonnet," 
 
 Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, II. 91. 
 
 O. Er. marrabaise, "Bonnet a la mar. A flat cap ; " 
 Cotgr. 
 
 MARCIALL, adj. Of the month of March : 
 " the Sanctis marciallj" Kingis Quair, st. 191, 
 Skeat. 
 
 MARIOLYNE, Margelen, s. Sweet mar- 
 joram, Douglas, II. 61, 11, Small's ed. ; 
 margelen^ Sempill Ballates, p. 77. Fr. mar- 
 jolaine. 
 
 MARK, .s. A land measure in Orkney : not 
 of extent but of valuation proportioned to 
 the taxation, and regulating both rights and 
 burdens; Memorial for Orkney, p. 117. 
 Addit. to Mark, q. v. V. Mere. 
 
 To MARK, V. a. and n. To aim, try, strive ; 
 implying purpose or endeavour to attain 
 some end. Addit. to Mark, q. v. 
 
 This wretchit wolf weipand thus on he went. 
 Of his menyie markand to get remeid. 
 
 Henry son. Pari, of Beistes, 1. 241. 
 
 MARMAKIS, s. A kind of cloth. 
 
 "Et in septem peciis de marmakis xcjli. vjs. viijd." 
 Exch. Rolls, Scot., L 381. 
 
 MARQUESITT, Marquisit, s. Marcassite 
 or fire-stone, a mineral that has an odour of 
 sulphur : there are two kinds, yellow or gold 
 m., and white or silver m. 
 
 " . . wherein I find fixed lead ore, and some 7nar- 
 quesitt, accompanied with keelle, sparr, and brimstc ne," 
 &c. Early Records of Mining in Scotland, p. 114. 
 
 " . . I find unknown myneralls and marquesitts," 
 Sic. Ibid. p. 114. 
 
 Fr. marcassite, from Arabic marcazat: Brachet. V. 
 
 also COTGRAVE. 
 
 MART, Maert, Mairt, s. A cow, etc. V. 
 
 DiCT. 
 In the Exchequer Rolls of Scot, frequent mention is 
 
MA R 
 
 [163] 
 
 ME 
 
 made of various kinds of marts; as, custom-marts, 
 entry marts, fodmarts or m,art fodellis, fogmartt, fule- 
 marts, grassum-marts, lardenar-marts, malemarts, ryn- 
 marts, and stukmarts. The meaning of some of these 
 terms, such as custom-marts, entry-marts, grassum- 
 marts, male or mail-marts, is obvious ; but of the others 
 no satisfactory account can be given. Various attempts 
 to explain them have been made ; but even the best of 
 them are only guesses ; for the terms have long ago 
 passed out of use. 
 
 MARTHYRIT, part. pt. Bruised, sorely 
 wounded ; Douglas, III. 42, 11, Small's ed. 
 V. under Martir. 
 
 MARTOUN, s. Houlate, 1. 213. V. Mor- 
 ton. 
 
 MASK-RUTHER, s. Same as Mask-Rung, 
 q. V. ; Burgh Recs. Glasgow, I. 129. 
 
 MASSILON, Massilyon, s. V. Mashlin. 
 
 MATE, Mayt, v. and s. V. Mait. 
 
 MATTEYNE, Matheyne, s. Ruffian, ras- 
 cal, blackguard ; Burgh Recs. Glasgow, I. 
 77, Rec. Soc. 
 
 This term occurs in a list of opprobrious names 
 applied to a Glasgow bailie in 1579. It is of French 
 origin: ivom mdtin, a mastiff; 0. Yr.mastin, "Amas- 
 tiue, or Ban-dog ; also, a rude, filthie, currish, or cruell 
 fellow." Cotgr. 
 
 MAUOH, Mauchy, adj. Same as Moch, 
 MOCHY, q. V. ; " mauch mutton," Dunbar 
 and Kennedy, 1. 241. 
 
 MAUKIN, s. 
 V. DicT. 
 
 This entry should be combined with the preceding 
 one : it presents simply another meaning of the same 
 word. Maiikin, the pron. of Maudkin, dimin. of 
 Maud, i.e. Matilda, is pr cisely the same word as 
 malkin or mauhin, a hare. It also means a maid, and 
 a maid's mop. The etymologies given by Jamieson 
 must therefore be deleted. 
 
 MA WIS, s. A form of Mause, q. v. Alex. 
 
 Scott. 
 MEAN, adj. Held in common or in equal 
 
 shares by the owners or tenants : as when a 
 
 field or farm is so held. Addit. to Mein, 
 
 Mene, q. V. 
 
 " . . in that with both their consentis their wes 
 ane piece of mean grass betwixt them, dealt and 
 evened, and dealt the same lietwixt them." Corshill 
 Baron-Court Book, Ayr and Wigtown Arch. Coll., 
 iv. 166. 
 
 ''dealt," divided. 
 
 Meaner, Meener, Menare, s. A mediator, 
 adjudicator, adjuster ; one who divides and 
 marks off in equal portions land which is 
 held by joint-tenants. 
 
 MEAR, Meer, s. a mare. V. Meir. 
 
 Grey Mear, Grey Meir, Gray Mere, s. 
 Used metaphorically for a wife who is truly 
 
 A half-grown female, etc. 
 
 the better half, i.e., who rules the house : 
 as in the common proverb, — " The grey 
 meres the better horse." 
 
 " But there's ae thing sair again ye — Rob has a grey 
 mear in his stable at hame." 
 
 "A grey mare?" said I. "What is that to the 
 purpose?" 
 
 "The wife, man — the wife — an awfu' wife she is. 
 She downa bide the sight o' a kindly Scot, if he come 
 frae the Lowlands, far less of an Inglisher, and she'll 
 be keen for a' that can set up King James, and ding 
 down King George." Scott, Rob Roy, ch. 26. 
 
 MEAT, Meitt, s. " Wild meitt,'" game, wild 
 fowl, venison, &c. ; Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, 
 II. 92, Rec. Soc. 
 
 MEDICIANE, s. An apothecary, a doctor ; 
 Spald. Club Misc., I. 133. 
 
 MEET, adj. Measured. V. Mete. 
 
 MEETING, s. V. Meti7ig. 
 
 MEID, ;Meide, Mede, «. Meed, reward, 
 
 recompense; Douglas, III. 50, 30, Small's 
 
 ed.; also, bribe, gift, present; Charters of 
 
 Peebles, 4 Feb. 1444-5, p. 11. 
 
 A.-S. m4d, meed, merit, reward ; M. E. mede, meed. 
 
 MEIN, Meen, s. v. and adj. V. under Mene. 
 
 MEIND, Meint, adj. Mixed : " meind grass^' 
 a mixed crop of rye, beer, and oats used for 
 fodder. V. Meing. 
 
 Meind-grasswa.a a common crop on poor lands, raised 
 chiefly as food for the horses ou the farm. In its green 
 state it was cut and used as ryegrass is now used ; but 
 of the portion that ripened and was thrashed the grain 
 was given to the horses, and the straw (which was still 
 called meind-grass) was used for bedding, thatching, 
 &c. This explanation is necessary in order to under- 
 stand the following record : — 
 
 John Picken of Nether Robertland sued Alexander 
 Dickie of same place for, inter alia, " twenty shiling 
 for meind grass." But Alexander " upon his oath de- 
 clared that he never received any straw from him save 
 ane bottle which he brought into him ; " and the bailie 
 " therfor asoilized him therfrae." Corshill Baron-Court 
 Book, Ayr and Wigtown Arch, Coll., iv. 160-1. 
 
 MEIR, Meer, Mere, Meyr, s. A large 
 tress or tressle used by builders in erecting 
 scaffolding. Addit. to Meir, q. v. 
 
 " Item, to Robert Graye for timmer to be ane meir, 
 iij s. Item, to Tiiomas Hannaye for making ane band 
 of irne to it, ij. s." Accts., 16 Nov. 1577, Burgh Recs. 
 Glasgow, I. 465, Rec. Soc. 
 
 MEIRSWYNE, s. Y. Mereswine. 
 
 To MEIS, etc., v. a. To mitigate. V. DiCT. 
 
 Meis is short for ameis, from 0. Fr. amesir, which is 
 f rom L. Lat. admifiare, to mitigate — from Lat. mitis ; 
 see Amese in Murray's New Eng. Diet. 
 
 MEKLEWAME, Meiklewame, Mukl- 
 WAME, s. The stomach of an animal, but 
 generally applied to the stomach of a cow. 
 ** . . in place of potis and sik seithing vesselis, 
 
IM E L 
 
 [164] 
 
 MEN 
 
 the painches of ane ox or ane kow they vset cheiflie. 
 Gif necessitie vrge, this day thay take the hail mekle- 
 wame of ane slain ox, thay turne and dicht it, thay fill 
 it partlie with watir, partlie with flesche, thay hing it 
 in the cruik or a sting, eftir the maner of a pott, and 
 sa thay kuik it very commodiouslie vpon the fyre. " 
 Leslie's Hist. Scot., p. 94, S.T.S. 
 
 The term is still used in country districts where the 
 people have not yet given up making a big haggis. The 
 common or wee haggis is contained in the stomach of a 
 sheep, — generally called a sheep's bag; but the big 
 haggis is contained in a meklewame ; and it was to such 
 a specimen that Bums addressed the famous lines. 
 
 The groaning trencher there ye fill, 
 
 Your hurdles like a distant hill. 
 
 Your pin wad help to mend a mill 
 In time o' need ; 
 
 While thro' your pores the dews distil 
 Like amber bead. 
 
 The "pj?i" is the wooden skewer by which the 
 mouth of the bag is tightly closed. 
 
 To MELL, Melle, Mele, v. n. The fol- 
 lowing are additional meanings. V. DiCT. 
 
 1. To speak, act, undertake; Gol. and Gaw., 
 1.69. 
 
 2. To match, equal, compare, compare favour- 
 ably. 
 
 Simon he's a strappin' chiel, 
 
 For looks wad mell wi' ony bodie ; 
 In height twa ell but an' a span. 
 An' half as braid is Simon Brodie. 
 
 Whistle Binkie, I. 269, 
 This peculiar application of mell, to mix, mingle, 
 etc., is still in use. It is an extension of the meaning 
 to mix or mingle with others on an equal footing ; 
 thus, " He meZZs wi' the best in the town," not only 
 means that he mixes with them on an equal footing, 
 but implies that he reckons himself equal with them, 
 and quite a match in comparison with any one of them. 
 Mell is derived from O. Fr. mesler, to mingle, Mod. 
 Fr. miler. Jamieson gives the form meller on the 
 authority of Rudd. ; but this is an error ; see Gloss, to 
 Doug. Virgil. The assertion that Fr. mSler is of Goth, 
 origin is also an error ; for it can be traced directly 
 to Latin : Mod. Fr. mSler, O. Fr. mesler, then through 
 regular modifications to Low Lat. misculare, frequent, 
 of Lat. miscere, to mix. It has therefore no relation 
 to the Teut. words cited in DiCT. 
 
 MELYIE, s. V. DicT. 
 
 The deriv. of this word is correctly given as Fr. 
 maills, a small copper coin ; but its relation to the 
 Teut. words cited is a mere fancy. See explanation 
 under Mail, s. 
 
 To MEMER, V. n. To stammer; also, to 
 mumble. Errat. in Dict. V. Memer. 
 
 This term implies speaking in a low or indistinct 
 manner, as when a person thinks aloud, or mumbles to 
 himself. It is allied to M. E. mameren, and mamelen. 
 
 MEN, Mene, s. Mien, demeanour, bearing ; 
 Douglas, in. 197, 20, Small. 
 
 MENAEE, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Not from Teut., but from O. Fr. moienneres, later 
 moyenneur, a mediator. V. Burguy. 
 
 MEND, part. pt. Mended, improved, 
 amended, atoned for, made up. 
 
 For I have heard chirurgeons say, 
 
 Oft times deferring of a day 
 Might not be m^nd the morn. 
 
 Montgomery, Cherrie and Sloe, s. 36. 
 
 "The morn," to-morrow, next day. 
 
 Mends, Mendis, Mense, s. Amendment, 
 means of amendment ; cure, healing, re- 
 medy ; also in pi. sense applied to simples, 
 salves, &c., as curatives : as, " I see nae 
 signs o' a mends yet ; ye'U get nae mendis 
 for that ill ; ye hae the m,ense in your ain 
 ban'." 
 
 The birth that the ground bure was broudjTi on bredis, 
 With gerss gay as the gold, and granis of grace, 
 Mendis and medicine for all niennis neidis. 
 
 HovlaU, 1. 29, Bann. MS. 
 
 Addit. to Mends. 
 
 To Mense, v. a. To amend, increase; im- 
 prove, heal, cure : also, to make up for, 
 atone for ; as, " Your giein' now canna 
 mense for your takin' then ; " West of S. 
 
 "But, when vnder this patronage pretence they 
 eyther pinche the patrimony or yet the kirk-place, of 
 Laik patrones they become but lawlesse publicans, lyke 
 Hophnees with elcrookes to minche, and not Samueles 
 to viense, the offerings of God." Blame of Kirkburiall, 
 oh. 19. 
 
 MENEKIN, adj. V. Minikin. 
 
 MENEWITH, prep. Eight against or flush 
 
 with : similar to inwith. 
 
 The King to souper is set, served in halle, 
 
 Under a siller of silke, dayntily dight. 
 
 With al worshipp and wele, menewith the walle. 
 
 Aiont. Arth., 27, 3, MS. Douce. 
 
 Wrongly printed meioith in Pinkerton's ed. and 
 adopted by Jamieson. That entry must therefore be 
 deleted. 
 
 To MENGE, V. a. Prob. only a form of 
 mend, mene, remember, make mention of, 
 intercede for. Addit. to Menge, q. v. 
 
 And menge me with mattens and masses in melle. 
 
 Awnt. Arth., st. 25, 3, MS. Douce. 
 Not defined in Dict., but a meaning is suggested 
 which is wrong. The etym., however, is correct. 
 A.-S. mengan, to make mention of; M. E. mengen. 
 
 To MENIS, Minis, Minche, v. a. To min- 
 ish, diminish ; part. pt. menist, Douglas, II. 
 247, 12, Small's ed. ; minche, Bl. of Kirk- 
 buriall, ch. 19. See quot. under Mense, v. 
 
 Fr. menuiser, to minish ; Lat. minutiare, from Lat. 
 minutus, small ; M. E. menusen. V, Skeat's Etym. 
 Dict. 
 
 MENSE, s. and v. V. Mendis. 
 
 MENSE, s. Sense, mental ability, skill : 
 " Had he the mense as he has the manners, 
 we micht mak him our deacon." West of 
 S. Addit. to Mensk, q. v. 
 
 Menseless, adj. Senseless, stupid, unskilful : 
 "He's no sae menseless, seeing he's waled 
 sae guid a wife." Addit. to Menskles, q. v. 
 
MEN 
 
 [165] 
 
 MIC 
 
 MENSTEIE, s. A menstruum or flux used 
 in smelting and refining metals ; also, 
 testing the fineness of a metal by flux ; 
 Early Records of Mining in Scotland, p. 167. 
 
 Lat. menstrua, the menses ; Low Lat. menstruum, a 
 flux, a term in alchemy adopted by the old philoso- 
 phers, in the belief that solvents could be prepared 
 only at certain stages of the moon. 
 
 MENT, part. pt. A form of meint or mengt, 
 mixed or mingled. V. Meng. 
 
 Iris then sprent on swiftlie as a vyre, 
 
 And throw the cluddis hir trace, quhar scho went, 
 
 Schupe like a bow of diners hewis ment. 
 
 Doiiglas, Virgil, v. ch. 11. 
 A.-S. mengan, to mix, mingle. 
 
 MEN TIE, Menyng, Maynye, s. Moan, 
 complaint ; also, the cause or ground of 
 complaint, i.e., ill-usage, wrong, misfortune, 
 etc. V. Mene, Menyng. 
 
 With bludie skalp and cheikis bla and reid, 
 This wretchit wolf weipand thus on he went, 
 
 Of his menyie markand to get remeid : 
 To tell the king the cace wes his intent. 
 
 Henry son, Pari, of Beistes, 1. 241. 
 
 MENYNG, s. Meaning, intention, purpose. 
 V. Meiste, v. 
 
 For faith nor aith, word nor assurance, 
 Trew menyng, await or business, — 
 Full littil or nocht in luve dois availl. 
 
 Imitation of Chaucer, Bann. MS. fol. 282 b. 
 
 MERCHION, Meeschion, Marchion, s. 
 A marquis; originally an officer of the 
 marches; Houlate, 1. h^b, 328. 
 
 L. Lat. marcJdonem, ace. of marchio, a prefect or 
 warden of the marclies. 
 
 MERE, s. A meeting-place, a place ap- 
 pointed for meeting; Gol. and Gaw., 1. 
 1237. Addit. to Mere, q. v. 
 
 MERES, Merest, s. A morass. V. Mares. 
 
 MERLION, Merlyeon, s. V. Marleyon. 
 
 MERS, s. The round top in a ship ; Accts. 
 L. H. Treas., I. 253, Dickson. Dutch, 
 mars. 
 
 MERSCHELL, Merschiale, s. A marshal 
 of the household; Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 
 109, 197 : hors marschael, a farrier; Ibid, 
 p. 291. The latter was the original mean- 
 ing of L. Lat. marescallm. Addit. to 
 Marschal, q. v. 
 
 MERTH, s. Marrow ; Rob Stene's Dream, 
 p. 14. y. Mergh. 
 
 No doubt this form represents a vulgar pron. of 
 merch : but in this instance, and in many others, 
 where the term is read from MS., it is certainly a 
 misreading of m,erch. 
 
 MESE, s. y. DicT. 
 
 The common form is Mais or Maise, q. v., for addi- 
 tions and corrections. 
 
 To MESTER, v. a. Del. this entry in Dict., 
 
 and see under Minster. 
 
 This is a misreading in Tytler's ed. The MS. has 
 mister, a contr. form of minister: but this was not 
 known when I conjectured the proper sense of the 
 word. 
 
 MESTOUR, s. Want. y. Mister. 
 
 Represents the pron. of the term in Peebles dist. V. 
 Burgh Recs., p. 115. 
 
 MET, Mete, Mett, Mette, s. A measure- 
 dish of whatever kind ; but generally applied 
 to the wooden vessels used in measuring 
 corn, salt, &c. Addit. to Met, Mete, q. v. 
 
 "Item, that the mettis and mesouris be assait throw 
 the haile toun, and quhar thai be fundin unrichtuus 
 be distroit, and the avnaris of tham pvnisit be the 
 lawe." Burgh Bees. Aberdeen, I. 437, Sp. C. 
 
 The mettis were the larger wooden vessels used in 
 dry measure, and the mesouris were the smaller vessels 
 of tin or pewter used for liquids. The terms occur 
 frequently in our Burgh Records. 
 
 Mete, Meet, Meit, Meyt, Meyit, adj. 1. 
 Measure, for the purpose of measuring ; 
 as, a mete-Ahh. 
 
 2. Measured, adapted, fitting, close-fitting, as 
 applied to articles of dress made to measure. 
 
 Apoun his fete put hys mete schois hote. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, 258, 40, Rudd. 
 
 Small's ed. reads meyit. 
 
 Mete, meet, etc. as applied to articles of clothing was 
 also used like E. dress: as, "a meet coat," a dress- 
 coat : which is not properly explained by Jamieson. 
 V. Meet-Coat. 
 
 Meting, Meeting, s. Measure, fit measure ; 
 that which is meet ; Bl. of Kirkburiall, ch. 7. 
 
 Metsor, Metsour, Mesour, Misour, Mis- 
 SOURE, s. A measure or measure-dish of 
 whatever kind ; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 
 335, Sp. 0. 
 
 Metter, s. a measurer, y. Metster. 
 
 To METE, V. a. To dream, fancy, represent., 
 imagine : pret. met, Kingis Quair, st. 73. 
 
 And in thare sweuynnys metis quent figuris. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, 47, 53, Rudd. 
 Jamieson defined this term "to paint, delineate," 
 from A.-S. metan ; but he ought to have added Ruddi- 
 man's explanation, "animis obversantur, or rather 
 dream, represent, fancy, in which sense Chaucer uses 
 the word." The context suggests A.-S. maetan, to 
 dream, as the correct etym. 
 
 METH, Methe, s. Y. Meith. 
 METURE, s. Measurement, size. 
 MEWITH. Del. this entry in Dict. 
 
 An error in Pinkerton's version for Menewith, q. v. 
 
 MICHTIS, Mychtyis, s. pi. Warriors, 
 chieftains ; Gol. and Gaw., 1. 1012. y. , 
 Michtie, adj. 
 
MID 
 
 [166] 
 
 MIS 
 
 MIDDEN-MAVIS, s. A rag-picker: syn. 
 
 hauk-gaw. 
 
 Ilk midden-mavis, wee black jaudy, 
 A' dread an' fear ye. 
 Jarnes Ballantine, The Wee Raggit Laddie. 
 
 To MIDLE, MiDEL, V. a. Represents a com. 
 pron. of E. meddle. 
 
 MIDLERT, Myddil-Erd, s. V. Dict. 
 
 In last para, of this entry near the end, for 
 ''manasedh, or, the seat of man, fairqhus, q. fair or 
 beautiful house," read " manaseths, seed or race of 
 man, fairhwus, world, human society, cognate with 
 A.-S./eorA, life." 
 
 MIKLEWAME, s. v. Meklewame. 
 
 MILLOIN, adj. Milan : usual form is 
 
 millain. Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 Jamieson's definition of this word is certainly wrong; 
 Imt his explanatory note almost corrects it. 
 
 MILL-TREE, Milnetree, s. A beam or 
 spar for a shaft or axle to the running stone 
 of a mill. 
 
 ' ' Persued for ane Theiptree, quhich he gave to the 
 defender to carie quhen they were hombringing ane 
 milnetree to their master, quhich he lost." Corshill 
 Baron-Court Book, Ayr and Wigtown Arch. Coll., IV. 
 168. 
 
 "Theiptree," a corr, of Threeptree, q. v. 
 
 MINAS, s. and v. V. Manas. 
 
 To MINCHE, V. a. To diminish. V. Meiiis. 
 
 To MINSTER, V. a. To administer, dispense, 
 render, perform. 
 
 Quhat sail I think, allace ! quhat reuerence 
 Sail I minster to your excellence. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 43, Skeat. 
 
 By mistake mester in Ty tier's ed. : " min[i]ster, " 
 as the line requires, in Skeat's ed. : mister in MS. 
 This contr. form is occasionally found in MSS. See 
 Note in Skeat's ed., p. 68. 
 
 Jamieson, following Tytler's ed,, adopted Mester ; 
 but that entry must now be deleted, 
 
 MIRKIN', Mirkenin', Mirknin, s. Darken- 
 ing, fore-night, gloaming ; Shetl. Fireside 
 Tales, p. 132, 133. V. Mirk, Mirken. 
 
 MIRSORY, s. Prob. a corr. of mercery^ 
 merchandise. 0. Fr. mercerie. 
 
 "Item of mirsory or merchandice, dry or costly 
 guidis, to custome it be the trowne." Burgh Eecs. 
 Edinburgh, I, 236, Rec, Soc. 
 
 MISCHAWING, s. V. under Mishaif. 
 
 To MISCHEVE, v. a. To ban, decry, strive 
 to hinder or ruin. Addit. to MiSCHlEVE, 
 q. V. 
 
 Our cursit craft full mony man mischevis. 
 
 Henryson, Tod and Wolf, 1. 45. 
 
 MISCUICKIT, pret. and part. pt. V. MlS- 
 
 COOK. 
 
 To MISHAIF, MiSHAUE, Mishawe, v. a. To 
 misbehave, misdemean : " ye may mishaif 
 
 yow in sum caice," i.e., may act foolishly 
 or unwisely; Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 18, 
 ed. 1882. 
 
 ", , wes accusit . . f or the iniuring of diuerse 
 nychtbouris and inhabitantes in deid, and sklandering 
 of thame in word, and for mischawing of himself in sic 
 sundry wayis, sua that he is ane unlauchtfuU nycht- 
 bour, and aucht nocht to be sufiferit to pas at liberte 
 within this burght." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 346, 
 Sp. C. 
 
 Mischawing is here a bad form of miskavlng ; and, 
 unfortunately, there are in these vols, very many such 
 forms : indicating carelessness both in writing and in 
 reading. 
 
 A.-S. mis, wrong, and habban, to have, 
 
 MISK, adj. Moist, wet, V, MiST. 
 
 To MISMAK, Mismack, v. a. In the sense 
 of unmake, to degrade, depose ; and still 
 used in the sense of discompose, blush, or 
 change countenance, as, " He could threep 
 a lee in your face, an' no mismak him ; " 
 West of S. Addit. to MiSMACK. 
 
 "Item, that we haid spokine of his Graice that we 
 haid maid his Graice and we wald mismak him, quhilk 
 we denye neuir to be thocht be ws, laitt be to spekit," 
 &c. Burgh Recs. Edin., 9 July, 1575, Rec. Soc, 
 
 To MISREGAIRD, v. a. To disregard; 
 part. pt. misregairdit ; Burgh Recs. Edin- 
 burgh, IV. 234, Rec. Soc. 
 
 MISSAIRT, part. pt. V. Misservit. 
 
 To MISSEME, Myssejie, v. n. To be un- 
 seemly, unbecoming; to ill-become; 
 Douglas, Virgil, 111, 23, Rudd. ; part. pres. 
 m^yssemand. 
 
 A.-S. mis, wrong, and siman, to satisfy, conciliate: 
 hence, to suit, become, &c. V, Seem, in Skeat's 
 Etym, Dict. 
 
 MISSERVIT, MissERUiT, Misserit, Mis- 
 SAIRT, part. pt. Not served in due and 
 proper course, poorly or badly served, ill- 
 supplied. 
 
 " . . quhilk [regrating of victual] is the occasioun 
 of gryt deartht, and the cans that the pure commounis 
 of this burght ar misservit." Burgh Recs, Aberdeen, 
 II. 54, Rec. Soc. 
 
 A.-S. mis, wrong ; and Fr. servir, from Lat. servire, 
 to serve. 
 
 MISSILRY, s. Leprosy. V. Dict. 
 
 Although not defined in DiCT., the correct meaning 
 is suggested in the explanatory note. The etym., 
 however, is wrong. This word has no connection 
 with measles ; it is from M. E. and O. Fr. mesel, a 
 leper, but orig. a wretch, from L. Lat. misellus, from 
 Lat. miser, wretched : and measles was borrowed from 
 the Dutch maselen, also called masel-sucht, "measell- 
 sicknesse," Hexham. In the 14th cent, it appears as 
 maseles, which represents the common Scot. pron. still 
 in use. 
 
 MISSOUR, MissuRE, MisouRE, s. Measure, 
 a measure, measurement; Burgh Recs. 
 Glasgow, II. 53, 366, Rec. Soc. 
 
MIS 
 
 [167] 
 
 MOR 
 
 This spelling represents the common prou. of the 
 term. 
 
 To MiSSOUR, MISSURE, V. a. To measure, 
 mete out; Douglas, iv. 105. 19, Small's ed. 
 0. Fr. mesure, from Lat. mensura, measure. 
 
 MIST, MiSK, Misty, adj. Moist, wet; as, 
 mist land, misk grass, misty lea. 
 
 By gousty placis, welsche savorit, mist, and hair, 
 Quhair profound nycht perpetuall doth repair. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, vi. ch. 7, Small's ed. 
 
 MISTER, s. Stale urine; liquid collected 
 from a byre ; applied also to the contents 
 of the midden-hole of a farm-house. Addit. 
 to Maister. 
 
 Gael, maistir, urine. 
 
 To MISTRAM, v. a. To disorder, derange, 
 confuse. 
 
 ' ' By Kirkburiall kirk bounds are mistrammed, and 
 in many places either so eatten up with intaking lies, 
 or the passages so impeshed with thortersome 
 throughes, . . that if they cleaue to that they haue 
 calked, the people that rests must byde at the dore." 
 
 Left undefined by Jamieson ; yet he suggests the right 
 etym., but does not apply it correctly. Prob. he would 
 have accounted for the term fully if he had taken house 
 and room in the quotations as meaning the interior fit- 
 ; tings and arrangements, and not the building or frame- 
 work. V. MiSTRAM. 
 
 A.-S. mis, wrong, and trimman, trymian, trymman, 
 to make firm or right, set in order, array, prepare. 
 From the same root comes E. trim. 
 
 MITHE, s. A batch or baking of loaves. 
 Addit. to Meith, s. 
 
 " Item, for the thryde faut, of ilk mithe wantand of 
 the wecht of the lafe vj laffis to be tane and delt to pur 
 fouk." Burgh Recs. Peebles, 1463, p. 150. 
 
 MITTEN, Mittan, s. 
 
 MiTTALE. 
 
 A kind of hawk. V. 
 
 To MOCH, V. n. To become mouldy or cov- 
 ered with mildew : hence, to rot ; applied 
 to articles of clothing, books, &c. Addit. 
 to MOCH, V. 
 
 " . . not onlie sail the maist pairt of thame [the 
 books] moch and conswme." Burgh Kecs. Aberdeen, 
 ii. 394, Sp. C. 
 
 MODERNE, adj. Of the present, of this 
 time, at present, that is : a term used after 
 titles of office, rank, &c. Lat. modemus. 
 
 " . . in name of our maist gracious queue mod- 
 erne." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 1555, i. 285, Sp. C. 
 
 " Quhilkis lytis being presented to my lorde Archi- 
 bischop of Glasgow moderne." Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 
 1557, i. 62, Rec. Soc. 
 
 "Hew erle of Eglingtoune moderne, ane noble and 
 potent lorde." Ibid. p. 185. 
 
 0. Fr. moderne, "modern, new, of this age, of these 
 times, in our time ; " Cotgr. 
 
 MODYR-HALF, Mudyr-half, s. Mother's- 
 side : " frendis on tlie mudyr-half," Burgh 
 Lawis, ch. 98, Rec. Soc. 
 
 MCELISCOP, Meil-Coppis, s. A land 
 
 measure in Orkney. 
 
 ' ' Coppis is from Norse kupa, a cup, bowl, basin ; 
 meil-coppis is for moeliskupa, from Norse mo&il, a 
 measure of grain ; and a meil-coppis was so much land 
 as would be sowed by a mcellroi seed." Capt. Thomas, 
 Proceedings Antiq. Soc. Sc, Vol. XVIII., p. 274. 
 
 MOIT, 8. A form of Mote, an eminence, q. 
 V. ; Douglas, II. 110. 11, Small. 
 
 MOLAYN, s. A form of MOLLAT, q. v. 
 
 MOLET, s. V. MoLLAT. 
 
 MONE, MOYNE, s. The moon ; the age, the 
 phases, or the changes of the moon ; also, 
 the moon-works of a clock, i.e., the 
 mechanism by means of which a clock 
 shows the changes of the moon. 
 
 " . . . and in likmaner sail mak and repair of 
 new graithit ane orlege and mone with all uecessaris 
 tharof, kepand just cours fra xij houris to xij houris 
 alswele nycht as day, and just change of the mone 
 yeirlie throwout as efferis." Burgh Recs. Stirling, 8 
 Jan., 1546-7. 
 
 " . . . to James Scot, payntour, for his boun- 
 tetht and labouris done be him in cuUoring of the knok, 
 moyne, and orlage and uther commowue werk of the 
 towne." Burgh Recs. Glasgow, i. 57, Rec. Soc. 
 
 MONEBRUNT, adj. Moonstruck, foohsh, 
 giddy, light-headed: a poUte substitute 
 for lunatic, as applied to one who is love- 
 sick, as in ^^monebrunt madynis myld.'^ 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 21, ed. 1882. 
 
 MONGrlS, Mangis, prep. A contr. for 
 amongis, amongst, among : still common 
 in West and South of S. : pron. mongs and 
 mangs. V. Amongis. 
 
 MOOSTY, MoosTiT, Moostet, Mousted, adj.. 
 1. Musty, moulded ; covered over with 
 must or mould. V. MuST. 
 
 2. Powdered, covered with must or hair- 
 powder. 
 
 To think yon birkies i' the town, 
 Wi' ruffil't sark and moostet crown. 
 Play siccan tricks on countra bodies. 
 
 W. Watson's Poems, p. 32. 
 
 MORISE, s. A morris-dance : pi. morisis,. 
 Douglas, Virgil, xiii. ch. 9. 
 
 MORIS-BELLS, MOREIS-BELLS, S. pi. Small 
 bells used by morris-dancers ; they were 
 attached to the cap, wrists, and ankles of 
 the performers. 
 
 " Moreis bellis the groce . . xxxs." Halyburton's 
 Ledger, p. 289. 
 
 For particulars regarding morris-dancing see Strutt's 
 Sports and Pastimes, pp. 223, 247, 254, ed. 1841, and 
 Brand's Pop. Antiq., pp. 137-152, ed. 1877. 
 
 In Edinburgh, in olden times, during the procession 
 of the patron saint on St. Giles Day, June 10th, the 
 most attractive portion of the convoy was a set of 
 morris-dancers in full costume. A humorous account 
 
MOR 
 
 [168] 
 
 MOT 
 
 of the last of these processions is given by John Knox 
 in his Hist, of the Reformation. 
 
 Span. Morisco, Moorish : from Lat. Maurus, a Moor. 
 The term is frequently given as from the Fr. moresque. 
 
 MORKIN, MORKEN. 1. As an adj., rotten, 
 rotting, as applied to a sheep, etc., that 
 has died afield. 
 
 2. As a «., a dead sheep, — one that has died 
 afield : also, the skin of such an one ; but 
 when used in this sense the term is gener- 
 ally pi., morkins ; Halyburton's Ledger, p. 
 306. 
 
 This term is still frequently used as an adj., as, "a 
 morkin sheep," which Burns gave as the definition of 
 braxie. 
 
 Icel. morkinn, rotten, decayed ; applied to meat, 
 fish, etc. 
 
 To MORSE, V. a. EiTat. for nurse, in the 
 sense of foster, cherish, plan, devise ; Sir 
 W. Scott. 
 
 ''Nay, an thou would'st try conclusions," said 
 Christie of the Clinthill, "I will meet thee at daybreak 
 by St. Mary's well." 
 
 "Hardened wretch!" said Father Eustace, "art 
 thou but this instant delivered from death, and dost 
 thou so soon morse thoughts of slaughter ? " Scott, 
 The Monastery, ch. 10. 
 
 This is a most interesting example of how such mis- 
 takes may be entirely overlooked in popular literature : 
 may be read and repeated as most suitable expressions 
 by generation after generation ; and, by so doing duty 
 for the proper words, may at last come to be regarded 
 as correct and genuine elements of our language. The 
 work in which this misprint occurs was first issued in 
 1820. Thousands of editions have since then been 
 published at home and abroad ; and each one in turn 
 has repeated the error without remark and without 
 detection. Not until the summer of 1884 was the mis- 
 take suspected and recorded. 
 
 When preparing the word for entry in this Suppl., 
 and while still puzzling over its meaning. Prof. Skeat 
 called my attention to a communication in Notes and 
 Queries, s. vi., vol. ix., p. 507, in which morse is 
 challenged as a misprint for nurse. This was probably 
 the first time that public attention was called to the 
 word. 
 
 Having read that communication and several others 
 which followed in reply, and being still dissatisfied with 
 the result, I wrote to Messrs. A. & C. Black, the well- 
 known publishers of Scott's works, for further advice. 
 They could give no information on the subject, which 
 was quite new to them ; nor could they understand 
 why morse should be doubted ; but they very kindly 
 promised to try if the original MS. could be referred 
 to in order to verify the word. A few days later they 
 informed me that ' ' the word written by Sir Walter in 
 his MS. of the Monastery ia mirse as clearly as writing 
 can make it." Such an answer is final. 
 
 Strange to say, the Centenary ed. of 1871 has nurse, 
 while later eds. have morse. 
 
 MORT-BELL, s. The dead-bell: a hand- 
 bell which was rung through the streets 
 to warn the inhabitants that a funeral was 
 about to take place. 
 
 "The provest, baillies, and counsall hes gevin thair 
 twa commoun bellis, viz., the mort and skellit bellis, 
 togidder with the office of pwnterschipe, to George 
 Johnstoune, for ane yeir to cum, and that for the 
 
 soume of thrie scoir pundis." Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 
 i. 153, Rec. See. 
 
 The mort-hell here mentioned was the old St. Mungo'a 
 bell, that had been used for many generations as the 
 dead-bell of Glasgow. For nearly twenty years after 
 the Reformation it remained in the possession of the 
 keepers who had been appointed to the office previous 
 to that event ; but after their death the magistrates 
 bought it from the heirs, and it became the property 
 of the town. 
 
 The following extract is the record of this transac- 
 tion ; and it is given in full, as it recalls some interest- 
 ing particulars of old burghal life. 
 
 " The prouest, baillies, and counsall, with dekinnis, 
 coft fra Johne Muir, sone to vmquhill James Muir, 
 and Andro Lang, the auld bell that yed throw the 
 towne of auld at the buriall of the deid, for the sowme 
 of ten pundis money, quhilk thai ordane Patrick Glen, 
 thair thesaurare, to paye to thame, and als grantit the 
 said Andro to be maid burges gratis ; quhilk bell thai 
 ordanit in all tymes to remane as commoune bell to 
 gang for the buriall of the deid, and to be gewin 
 yeirlie to sic persouu as thai appoynt for anys in the 
 yeir, takand cautioun for keiping and delyuering 
 thairof at the yeris end. 
 
 ' ' And the said Andro Lang, as sone to vmquhill 
 maister Robert Layng, is maid instantlie burges as ane 
 burges sone, gratis, for the said cans of the bell, and 
 hes gewin his aitht of fidelitie to the toun and als for 
 obserwing of the statu tis thairof." Burgh Recs. Glas- 
 gow, 19 Nov. 1577, i. 64, Rec. Soc. 
 
 This old bell remained in use till 1640, and proved 
 to be a very profitable investment for the town. In 
 that year the Dean of Guild was instructed ' ' to cans 
 mak ane new deid bell to be rung for and befor the 
 dead wnder hand." Ibid. p. 424. And that consider- 
 able importance was attached to this ceremonial of 
 burial in those days is shown by an order of the mag- 
 istrates in 1612, when a new bellman was appointed. 
 They allowed him to take "for ane persoun of age 
 xiijs. iiijd., for ane barn, vjs. viijd. ; and ordanis the 
 said Thomas to cleith him self in blak apparell, as is 
 requirit in him in respect of the nature of his office." 
 Ibid, p. 326. 
 
 MORT-CAPE, Mort-Caip, s. A mourning 
 cope worn by priests at a funeral ; Bm*gh 
 Recs. Edinburgh, II. 359, Rec. Soc. 
 
 MORT-CHARGE, s. Now called dead- 
 freight : the sum which a merchant has to 
 pay for goods which he has failed to ship ; 
 Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, 1 Dec. 1553, II. 
 184, Rec. Soc. 
 
 The term occurs also in an earlier record given on p. 
 105 of the same vol. 
 
 MORTMALLIS, s. pi Skins of sheep found 
 dead afield; also called morkins; Haly- 
 burton's Ledger, p. 14. 
 
 Fr. mort, dead, and mal, disease. 
 
 MOT, Mote, Moot, Mwt, s. and v. V. Mute, 
 Moot, s. and v., and Mute. 
 
 To the meanings given under Mote, in Dict., add 
 the following :— 1. A meeting place for a court or par- 
 liament; an assembly, a law court, a parliament; also 
 in pi. motis, the pleas or actions of a law court, and 
 frequently so used in reference to burgh courts and 
 barony courts ; Burgh Lawis, ch. 44, 75, Rec. Soc. ; 
 and see under Mute and Mute. 
 
MOT 
 
 [169] 
 
 MUN 
 
 Mot, part. pt. Sued or tried in a court of 
 law ; Fragments of Old Laws, ch. 8, Rec. 
 Soc. 
 
 MOT, Mote, Moot, s. Lit. a word ; hence, 
 signal, call, sign. Also a note or musical 
 sound ; hence, a bugle or trumpet call, 
 the cry or call of bird or beast, the strain 
 of the huntsman's horn, the yell of a pack 
 of hounds ; and sometimes used for the 
 hunt, hounds, or pack. Addit. to MoT, q. v. 
 
 To Mot, Mott, Moot, v. n. To give the 
 call or sign, to wind a horn or blow a 
 trumpet by way of call ; to pipe or call as 
 a bird or beast utters its peculiar sound. 
 
 Now the blak kokke jnootis in his fluthir deipe, 
 The rowntre rokis the revin to sleipe. 
 
 Hogg, Bridal of Polmood. 
 
 To MOUBAND, Mouban', v. a. To put into 
 words; to express, utter, speak, recite; 
 Hogg's Tales, L 34, ed. 1884. 
 
 Fr. moue, the mouth ; and bander, to put together, 
 as in architecture. 
 
 MOU'D, Mou't, Mouit, Mowitt, adj. 
 Mouthed; as, ^'muckle-moud Kate." V. 
 Mow. 
 
 And shangy-mou'd halucket Meg. 
 
 Blythsome Bridal, st. 5. 
 " . . ane hors, blak-broune mowitt, with ane bell 
 in the forrett." Burgh Eecs. Aberdeen, I. 282, Sp. C. 
 
 MOULDES, s. pi. V. MuLDE. 
 
 Commonly pron. mools. 
 
 MOUTER, Muter, s. 1. Multure, q. v. 
 
 Now, miller and a' as I am, 
 This far I can see through the matter ; 
 
 There's men mair notorious to fame, 
 Mair greedy than me for the muter. 
 
 Song : Tak' it Man, Tak' it. 
 
 2. A familiar name for a miller. 
 
 Wi' him, the lang mouter, mysel', an' the soutar, 
 Hae aften forgather'd an' had a bit spree. 
 
 Rhyming Rab, Whistle Binkie, i. 340. 
 Fr. moUure, mouture, meuture, multure: from L. Lat. 
 molitura, a grinding. ' 
 
 MOY, s. Help, assistance : as in " moy nor 
 hatrance," i.e., help nor hindrance ; Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, L 171, Sp. C. 
 
 MOYT. V. DiCT. 
 
 This entry must be deleted. The term is a misread- 
 ing of "mo yt," which is found in the earlier editions 
 of the Kingis Quair ; and Jamieson's suggestion re- 
 garding it is wide of the mark. 
 
 MUDE, MuYD, MoYD, s. Temper, disposi- 
 tion, mood; Douglas, L 91. 17, IL 273. 
 18, Small. Addit. to [Mude], q. v. 
 
 The form viuyd occurs in Douglas Virgil, i. ch. 2, 1. 
 17. V. Small's ed. 
 
 MUDYR-HALF, 
 
 (Sap.) 
 
 V. Modyr-half. 
 X 
 
 MUGWEED, Mogweed, s. Mugwort;West 
 
 of S. V. MUGGART. 
 
 MUIR, 8. Waste land, a common, as, " the 
 burgh muir " ; the common form is moor. 
 •Also hill or heath pasture common to all 
 the Skathalds of a district ; Memorial for 
 Orkney, p. 117. Addit. to MuRE, q. v. 
 
 MULD, s. A mould for lead bullets ; also, 
 a mould or pattern of the bore of a gun. 
 
 "Item, for muldis to cast the plumbis in," . . 
 viijs." Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 295, Dickson. 
 
 '* . . to a man to tak mesour of muldis of diuera 
 gunnys, to send in Frans to mak pellokis of irne, . . 
 xvjd." Ibid. p. 320. 
 
 MULDIS, s. pi. Fragments or portions of 
 the dead preserved as relics : " haly mul- 
 dis,'' sacred relics, or relics of saints : Dun- 
 bar and Kennedy, 1. 378. Addit. to 
 MCTLDE, s. 3. 
 
 MULLION, s. A shoe made of untanned 
 
 leather ; same as RULLION, q. v. 
 
 This term occurs in the modern and much condensed 
 version of "The Rock and the Wee Pickle Tow," 
 given by Robert Chambers in his collection of " Songs 
 of Scotland prior to Burns." The term used by Ross 
 in the original song is rullion. 
 
 MULTIPLIE, Multiple, s. Abundance, 
 expanse ; Leslie's Hist. Scot., p. 41, S. T. 
 S. Addit. to Multiple, q. v. 
 
 "In some places is funde multipUe of Tinneand that 
 of fyne tinne." Idem, p. 7. 
 
 To MUM, MvM, V. n. To act as mummer 
 or mute at a funeral ; to pretend or act a 
 part: part, muming, Douglas, I. 104. 27, 
 ed. Small. 
 
 To MuMCHANCE, V. n. To mum, to play 
 dummy, or harlequin ; to move about sil- 
 ently, as if dumb through grief: mums- 
 chance, Burgh Recs. Edin., IV. 229, Rec. 
 Soc. V. Mum Chairtis. 
 
 " In steed of humane teeres that best can expresse 
 the owne smart, some will haue trumpets ; and in steed 
 of mourning in the dust, as they did oft-tymes, we 
 mumchance and murgean in such delicate duillis, better 
 feated for wowing nor woing, that heires or widowes 
 never dallies more nor vnder their duilles." Blame of 
 Kirkburiall, ch. 7. 
 
 The use of this term is said to have been introduced 
 through the game at dice called Mumchance. See 
 under Chance in Cotgrave. 
 
 To MUMMER, Mumer, v. n. 
 Mammer, q. v. 
 
 MUNNA. Must not. V. Mauna. 
 
 Same as 
 
 MUNT, V. and s. Mount. 
 
 This form represents the pron. of the word in the 
 West of S. : thus, " to munt heuks," to mount or dress 
 fishing hooks ; muntibank, a mountebank ; &c. 
 
MUN 
 
 [170] 
 
 MYS 
 
 MONTH, MwNTHT, s. V. Month. 
 
 MURE, adj. Short for demure ; " manswet 
 and mure,"" gentle and demure ; Houlate, 
 1. 83, Asloau MS. 
 
 O. Fr. de murs, short for de hons murs, of good 
 manners. 
 
 MURTHER-HOLES, Muedreis-hoillis, s. 
 pi. Slits, loopholes, &c., pierced in the 
 walls of a building for the purpose of 
 shooting through, as in castles of the olden 
 time : mnrdreis-hoillis ; Burgh Recs. Edin- 
 burgh, III. 239, Rec. Soc. 
 
 "And althogh to beligger the lodgings of men, for 
 feare of their murther -holes, they wil looke ere they 
 loupe ; yet to enforce the kirk-house (as if God had no 
 gunnes), there are many of small feare." Blame of 
 Kirkburiall, ch. xix. 
 
 O. Fr. murdriere a Vouvert, pierced loopholes : lit. 
 murder hole. 
 
 This term has been treated very differently by the 
 French and the English. In French it gradually came 
 to be simply meurtriire, a loophole, and in English 
 louver, id. For brevity the one language adopted the 
 first part of the term, and the other the last. This is 
 well illustrated by a passage in the Eomance of Par- 
 tenay descriptive of the castle of Melusina. In the 
 French original it runs thus: — 
 
 Murdrieres il a a Touvert, 
 
 Pour lancier, traire, et deffendre. 
 The English translation has : — 
 
 At lovers, lowpes, archers had pleute. 
 
 To cast, draw, and shete, defens to be. 
 
 MUSSELL, s. a veil. V. Musall, v. 
 
 This term was also applied to the face-cloth or 
 muffle worn by lepers when they appeared in public. 
 In Glasgow they were allowed to visit the town twice 
 a week for a few hours ; but they had to "gang vpone 
 the calsay syd with thair mussellis on thair faice, and 
 clopperis." Burgh Eecs. Glasgow, I. 237, Rec. Soc. 
 
 MUTE, s. To 8. 2, in DiCT. add :— Also, a 
 law court, and the meeting or holding of 
 it; Burgh Laws, ch. 31, 40. 
 
 MUTH, adj. V. DiCT. 
 
 The etym. of this term is not made clear. It ought 
 to be Icel. m6thr = A.-S. mithe, tired. As Prof. Skeat 
 has pointed out, "There are two distinct Icel. words, 
 (I) mdthr, allied to A.-S. m6d, E. mood, (2) mdthr— 
 A.-S. methe, Scot, muth, tired, wearied. Even Vigfus- 
 son mixes them up. See his Icel. Diet." 
 
 MYCHARE, 8. V. Dict. 
 
 Del. the last parag. of this entry and sabsfcitnte the 
 following : — 
 
 From mich, to skulk, play truant ; M. E. michen, 
 from 0. Fr. mucer, mucier, later musser, to hide, con- 
 ceal. V. Skeat's Etym. Dict. 
 
 MYCHTEN, Mychtyne, v. pres. pi. Might ; 
 Douglas, Virgil, 89, 38, Rudd., and II. 158. 
 9, Small. 
 
 MYDLIT, Myddillit, part. pt. Mixed. V. 
 under MmiL. 
 
 MYDMORNE, .«. Six o'clock, a.m. ; Burgh 
 Lawis, ch. 73, 75, Rec. Soc. 
 
 According to the ancient reckoning midmorn was 
 hora prima or the first hour of the artificial day, and 
 undern was hora tertia or the third hour. These were 
 accounted the lawful hours for beginning work in sum- 
 mer and winter respectively. 
 
 MYKKIS, s. pi. Prob, apparatus for levell- 
 ing guns in taking aim ; Accts. L. H. Treas., 
 I. 292, 334, Dickson. 
 
 Dutch, mikken, to level at, aim. 
 
 MYLUxiRT, s. A miller. V. Millart. 
 
 This form occurs in Aberdeen Burgh Recs. II. 175, 
 Sp. C, but is ^irinted mylvart. 
 
 MYMMERKIN, s. v. Memerkyn. 
 
 MYN, adj. Less: "more and myn" high 
 and low, great and little. V. MiN. 
 
 Myxekin, adj. V. Minikin. 
 
 To Mynis, Mynnis, v. a. To lessen, dimin- 
 ish ; part. pt. mynnist. Burgh Recs. Edin- 
 burgh, 1511, L i33, Rec. Soc. V. Meni<>. 
 
 To MYN, Mynne, Mix, v. a. To think, de- 
 vise, plan, mention. V. MiND, Mynd. 
 
 MYNNINGIS, s. pi. Woolen cloths made 
 at Menin near Couitrai ; Exch. Rolls. 
 
 MYNORALL, s. Lit. produce of the mine : 
 also, mining, course or process of mining, 
 preparation of the metal. 
 
 Richt as the mynour in his mynorall, 
 
 Fair gold with tyre may fra the lede well wyn. 
 
 Henryson, Pad. of Beistis, 1. 302. 
 
 O. Fr, mineral, " a minerall ; " Cotgr. : from L. Lat. 
 minare, to lead ; hence, to follow up the leader or lode, 
 i.e., to excavate the ore, to mine. 
 
 MYNT, s. Aim, eflfort, threat. V. Mint. 
 MYRE, s. A moor. V. MuRE. 
 
 MYSAVENTOUR, Mysauenture, s. Mis- 
 chance, misfortune ; Douglas, Virgil, 285, 
 32, Rudd. 
 
 The more common form is mishanter, which repre- 
 sents the pron. of misaunter, short for Fr. misavenliire. 
 V. Mishanter. 
 
 MYSBELEVE, s. A false idea, belief, or 
 judgment. 
 
 For gif thow wenis that all the victory- 
 May be reducit and alterat clar agane, 
 A mysbeleve thou fosteris all in vane. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, x. ch. 11, 1. 56, Rudd., Small. 
 
 MYSFURE, pret. Miscarried. V. [Misfure.] 
 MYS SOUR, s. Measure. V. Missour. 
 
 MYTH, adj. and adv. A form of Meeth, 
 
 q. v. 
 
 This form is poet., and in Houlate, 1. 693, has been 
 adopted to rhyme with hlyth. 
 
 i 
 
NAB 
 
 [171] 
 
 N AI 
 
 N. 
 
 NAB, s. V. DicT. Add to s. 2, 'a point, 
 projection, promontory ' ; West of S. 
 
 NACHT. For ne acht, ought not, was not 
 
 bound or called upon. 
 
 Quha wan the feild, or greitest Campioun, 
 Or was Victour, I nacht decerne that thing. 
 
 Rolland, Court of Venus, iv. 606, S.T.S. 
 
 "I nacM decerne," I was not called upon to decide. 
 
 Omitted in Gloss. 
 
 NACKET, s. An impertinent, mischievous, 
 or wicked child : applied also to a pre- 
 cocious child ; South and West of S., and 
 in first sense in Orkn. V. Nachet. 
 
 NADE, Nad. Had not : for ne had. 
 
 NAELSTRING, s. The navel-string, um- 
 bilical cord ; South and West of S. 
 
 A.-S. nafela, navel, and stretvje, a cord: Du. navel, 
 Dan. navle, Sw. nafle. 
 
 NAESLIN, pai't. and adj. Fitting into each 
 
 other, well matched; working or pulling 
 
 well together, as in double harness; Orkn. 
 
 Prob. the local pron. of nestling, sitting or fitting 
 closely to each other like young birds in a nest. 
 
 NAFE, Naf. Have not : for ne have. 
 
 To NAG, Neg, v. a. To bite, snap, indent or 
 mark with the teeth, seize smart!}" ; also, to 
 nick, notch, or hack with a sharp instru- 
 ment. In the latter sense, syn. hag. South 
 and West of S. Addit. to Nag, q. v. 
 
 To Nag, Neg, v. n. To be peevish, queru- 
 lous, or sarcastic, to keep on grumbling, to 
 repeat an action with irritating frequency. 
 Addit. to Nag, q. v. 
 
 Nag, s. Bite, snap ; nick, hack, notch, or 
 indentation made with a sharp instrument ; 
 a snappish answer or retort. 
 
 To Naggle, v. a. and n. To gnaw ; to keep 
 on scolding or rating, to quarrel or continue 
 an angry altercation, to be constantly fault- 
 finding. 
 
 Naggy, Naggly, adj. Touchy, fretful, sar- 
 castic, quarrelsome, ill-natured : a person of 
 sucli disposition is said to be " as naggy as 
 a thorn-stick." 
 
 Nag and its derivatives are used in most of these 
 senses in various parts of the North of E. V. Brockett, 
 Peacock. 
 
 Sw. nagga, to nibble, peck ; Dan. nage, to gnaw. 
 
 NAGUS, s. V. DiCT. 
 
 The etyni. suggested for this word, Negus, or Old 
 Nick, is ridiculous. Connection with the latter is 
 certainly not warranted by the context ; and with the 
 former is simply impossible ; for, the drink called 
 negus was invented by a Colonel Negus in the reign of 
 Queen Anne, or about 200 years after Dunbar's death. 
 
 NAIF, Neif, Neyf, s. Lit. a native; a 
 serf, servant ; a kindly tenant. 
 
 "It is not improbable that the neyf or serf by 
 descent — nativus de stipite — was distinguished from the 
 bond-labourer, but we cannot tell to what extent, or 
 in what manner." Innes, Legal Antiquities, p. 50. 
 
 " — . . cum nativis — that is, with natives or 
 neufs, whose name, both here and in England, points 
 to their being regarded as the remains of the native 
 population obliged by the invaders to become serfs." 
 Ibid., p. 50-51. 
 
 Of this servile race there were tu'o classes, the neyf 
 in gross — that is the out-and-out slave, who could be 
 bought and sold like a horse or an ox, and the neyf 
 regardant, — or slave astricted to a certain land, who 
 could not be moved at the mere will of the lord even 
 to another estate. But long after the term naif had 
 ceased to represent this subject race, and to imply a 
 degree of bondage, it still carried with it the idea of 
 service, and continued to be used as the appropriate 
 name of a menial and help. 
 
 Naifship, Neifship, Neyfship, s. State, 
 condition, or service of a serf. V. Knave- 
 SHIP. 
 
 NAIL. Down on the nail, promptly paid, 
 paid in money, ready money. 
 
 NAIL, Nale, Nal, Nall, s. A weight of 
 7 lbs., used for wool; Burgh Recs. Aber- 
 deen, I., 416, Halyburton's Ledger, p. 14, 
 43. 
 
 The form 7iall is found only in Halyburton's Ledger, 
 and is improper. Indeed, the spelling found in that 
 work is very misleading. 
 
 In Halliwell's Diet, the tiail is represented as a 
 weight of 8 lbs. used for articles of food. 
 
 NAIMCOUTH, adj. V. Namekouth. 
 
 NAIT, s. Use, occasion, purpose ; other 
 forms are Nate, Nayt, Note. Errat. in 
 
 DiCT. 
 
 The def. and etym. given by Jamieson are mislead- 
 ing. No doubt he wrote need in the common Scot, 
 sense of nxe, purpose ; but this is a mistake. And this 
 led him into the other mistake of relating nait with 
 Icel. naud, need, whereas it is from Icel. neyti, use, 
 from neyta, to use. Besides, naud is the Norse form 
 for 7ieed ; it is nauth in Icel, 
 
 NAIT, Nate, adj. Neat, trim; also, deft, 
 skilful, as in '•'■nail handis," Douglas, Virgil, 
 xii., ch. 7. Fr. net. 
 
NAT 
 
 [172] 
 
 NEB 
 
 NAITRAL, adj. Natural, illegitimate. E. 
 
 natural. 
 Naitral, s. a person of weak intellect, a 
 
 silly person, a simpleton : E. natural. 
 
 Naitral, illegitimate, must be of comparatively mo- 
 dern use : for natural, which is really the same word, 
 has almost invariably the meaning of lawful, legiti- 
 mate. V. Natural. 
 
 NAKIT, s. Nakedness. 
 
 For this dispyt, quhen he was deid, auoiie 
 Was dampnyt in the flud of Acherone 
 Till suffer hungir, thrist, nakit, and cald. 
 
 Henry son, Or ph. and Eur., 1. 529, Bann. MS, 
 
 NAL, Nall, s. a nale or nail ; a weight of 
 7 lbs., used for wool ; Halyburton's Ledger, 
 p. 14, 43, Burgh Eecs. Aberdeen, I. 416, 
 Sp. C. 
 
 NALD, Nade. Would not : for ne wald^ ne 
 load. y. NoLD. 
 
 NAMED, adj. Edged, bordered, hemmed; 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, II. 297, Rec. Soc. 
 
 NANE, s. No one, nobody, nothing. 
 
 The niitherless bairnie creeps to his lane bed, 
 Nane covers his cauld back or haps his bare head. 
 
 Will. Thorn, The Mitherless Bairn. 
 
 Is nane sa gude as leif of and mak na mair stryflfe. 
 
 Rauf Coilzear, 1. 172. 
 Is nane sa gude as drink and gang to our bed. 
 
 Md, 1. 261. 
 •' Is nane," there is nothing. 
 
 NANES, Nanis, Nanys, Nonis, Nones, s. 
 Nonce: "for the nanes," properly, for then 
 anes, for the once, i.e., occasion or present. 
 Errat. in Dict. 
 
 Jamieson's definition and explanation of this term 
 and phrase are altogether wrong. The whole entry 
 must be deleted. 
 
 As explained by Sir F. Madden in his Gloss, to Sir 
 Gawayne, the phrase, "for tJie nanes," is simply the 
 A.-S, for tham anes, later,/or them anes, written /or the 
 nanes. The then standing for tham, dat. of the def. 
 article, and the adv. anes being used as a noun. This 
 explanation, however, was first proposed by Price in 
 his notes to Warton, II., 496. 
 
 NAPKIN, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Only in the last sentence of the note is there even 
 an approach to the correct etym. In M. E. this word 
 was written napekin and napet, dimin. forms of O. Fr. 
 7iape, a cloth, from which also have come naprie and 
 na2}7'07i. 
 
 NAPLE, s. An apple. 
 
 Befoir his face ane 7iaple hang also. 
 Fast at his mowth vpoun a, twynid [threid]. 
 Henri/son, Orph. and Eur., 1, 282, Bann. MS. 
 
 NAP O' THE KNEE, s. Knee-pan; West 
 
 of S. 
 NAPRE, s. Napery. V. Naiprie. 
 NAPRON, Napkin, Naperon, s. An apron. 
 
 These forms represent the common pron. in West 
 and South of S. Brockett gives the last form as com- 
 mon in North of England. 
 
 Napron is not a corr. of E. apron, but the correct 
 form of which apron is a corr. It is from Fr. naperon, 
 a large cloth, which is a deriv. from 0. Fr. nape, a 
 cloth (Fr. nappe), from L. Lat. napa, corr. of Lat. 
 mappa, a napkin, cloth. See Apron in Skeat's Etym. 
 Dict. 
 
 NARENT, ABBOT OF. The Abbot of 
 Unreason, a merry-making at the bringing 
 in of summer, similar to that of Robin 
 Hood and Little John ; Burgh Recs. Edin- 
 burgh, I. 176, Rec. Soc. 
 
 For particulars regarding these summer games, see 
 Brand's Pop. Antiq., pp. 144-6, ed. 1877. 
 
 NASH, Naish, Nesh, Nesch, adj. Tender, 
 delicate, fragile, slim. 
 
 A.-S. hncesce, hnesce, soft, tender : M. E. nesh. 
 
 NASK, 5. y. Dict. 
 
 This term is of Celtic origin ; evidently from Gael. 
 nasg, naisg, to bind, make fast ; M'Leod and Dewar, 
 
 To Nate, Nait, v. a. Forms of Note, to use, 
 
 etc., q. V. Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 So also regarding Nate, Nait, s. V. Note, and Nait. 
 These mistakes are due to Jamieson's misuse of need 
 for use, which is a very common error in Scot, still. 
 
 NATRIE, adj. V. Dict. 
 
 Del. the note in this entry, and see the explanation 
 given under Natterin, and Natter. 
 
 To NATTER, v. n. V. Dict. 
 
 a simpler and more direct etym. for this term is O. 
 Norse gnaddr, to grumble, growl, a freq. of gnadda, 
 Norse gnadra, Dan. gnaddre ; all of which are from O. 
 Norse gnadd, a grumbling. V. Fritzner, Aasen, and 
 Cleasby. 
 
 To NATTLE, v. a. V. Dict. 
 
 This is simply a doublet of Natter, regarding which 
 see the note above. 
 
 NAUCHTIE, adj. V. [Nouchtie]. 
 NAUST, s. V. Noust. 
 
 Noust, which Jamieson obtained from Edmondston's 
 Gloss, of the Shetl. and Orkn. Dialect, does not cor- 
 rectly represent the pron. of this term. It should be 
 written, as it is still pron., in its old Icelandic form, 
 naust. V. Dasent's Burnt Njal, p. exviii. 
 
 The naust is a slip either natural or artificial into 
 which a boat is drawn up for protection : a nouster, is 
 a common landing place for boats : see Arcadian Sketch 
 Book, Gloss. 
 
 NAY-SAY, s. A refusal, denial: as, "He 
 winna tak a nay-say. ^^ 
 Common in North of E. also. V. Brockett's Gloss. 
 
 NAYTED, part. pt. Noted, celebrated. V, 
 Nate, Note. 
 
 NEB, s. 1. The face, countenance ; as, " I 
 
 dinna like his looks : he has a gae dour 
 
 neb." 
 
 A.-S. tieb, face. And in the Ancren Eiwle, p. 90,^ 
 we find "ostende mihi faciem" (Song of Sol. ii. 14), 
 rendered by "schaue thi 7ieb to me. 
 
NEC 
 
 [173] 
 
 NET 
 
 2. End, termination ; mouth, as of a river ; 
 
 as, " the water-weft," the river mouth. 
 
 Elderly people in Paisley and Renfrew generally call 
 the mouth of the Cart, and the lands near the junction 
 of the Cart and the Clyde, the water-neh, the wattir- 
 neb. Addit. to Neb, q. v. 
 
 To NECH, Negh, Nych (gutt.), v. a. To 
 tend to or towards, belong to, concern, fall 
 to one by right or duty : pret. nycht, nyght^ 
 Houlate, 1. 47. Addit. to Neich. 
 
 Syne to the samyn forsuith thai assent haile. 
 That sen it nechit Natur, thar alleris mastris, 
 Thai couth nocht trete but entent of the Temperale. 
 Houlate, I. 276, Asloan MS. 
 In Bann. MS. nychlit, which is probably a mistake 
 of the scribe for nychit, intended to be written nychtit, 
 according to the practice of the 16th cent, of writing t 
 after ch and th, as in witht, nychtbour, &c. There are 
 various similar mistakes in this version. 
 
 NEDDIRMAIR, NEDDIRMAIST. V. 
 Nethirmare. 
 
 NEDDY, Ned, s. A name for a donkey: 
 
 "a tinkler's neddy^' W. Watson's Poems, 
 
 p. 100. 
 
 This term is common in London, and in various parts 
 of Eng. as well. 
 
 NEED, s. This word is frequently used in 
 Scot, in the sense of use, occasion, purpose ; 
 as, '' I don't need it," i.e., I don't use it, or I 
 have no use for it ; " There is no need for 
 it," i.e., no occasion for it ; " To serve my 
 present 7ieed" i.e., my present purpose. 
 Various mistakes in the DiCT. may be traced 
 to the misuse of need for use. V. under 
 Nait, Nate. 
 
 NEET, s. An egg of a louse, a louse. 
 Addit. to Neet, q. v. 
 
 A.-S. hnitu, a nit; Du. neet, Sw. gnet, Dan, gnid, 
 M. E. nite. 
 
 To NEG, V. n. A form of Nag, q. v. 
 
 NEIF, Neyf, s. a serf, servant. V. Naif. 
 
 Neifship, Neyfshtp, s. V. Naif ship. 
 
 Neifty, Neyfty, s. Condition of a serf; 
 also, the service exacted from a serf; Old 
 Glasgow, p. 49, 
 
 To NEIS, Nets, v. n. V. Neese. 
 
 NEKED, Nekid, s. Nothing, next to noth- 
 ing. Lat. nequid. 
 
 NEK-HEEING, s. The largest and finest 
 herring, picked fish, that are placed in the 
 neck or top-layers of the barrel to catch 
 purchasers. 
 
 Than with ane schout thus can the Cadgear say, 
 " Abyde, and thow ane JS'ek-Jiering sail half, 
 
 Is worth my capill, creillis,.and all the laif."— 
 " Bot quhat wes yone the cai'll cry it on hie—" 
 
 " Schir," said the Foxe, "that I can tell trewlie : 
 He said the Nek-hering wes in the creill. " 
 
 " Kennis thow that hering ?" " Yes, Schir, I ken it weill : 
 And at the creill mouth I had it thryis but dout ; 
 The wecht of it neir tit my tuskis out." 
 Henryson, The Wolf, Fox, and Cadgear, 11. 139, 165. 
 
 To NEM, Neme, V. a. To seize. V. Nam. 
 NENT, Nenst, Nens, pj^ep. Towards, 
 
 against, opposite; as, "Turnin' nent the 
 
 east." Short for Anent, q. v. 
 
 To NERE, V. To come near, approach, gain 
 
 upon, come up with. 
 
 Bot than the swipir Tuscan hund assais 
 And nerys fast, ay reddy hym to hynt. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, xii, ch. 12. 
 
 NERES, Neris, s. pi. V. Neirs. 
 
 Nerecress, Neircreis, s. The fat about 
 the kidneys. 
 
 "That na fleschour tak oute of ony mutoune the 
 neris or the nerecfess [quhyl] the feest of Mychelmess." 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 4 June, 1444, Sp. C. 
 
 This regulation was enforced during the summer 
 months in all the larger burghs ; mutton being then in 
 poor condition. An order to the same effect and in 
 almost the same words is found in the Stirling Recs. , 
 of 25th May, 1526. 
 
 The Spalding Club vol. prints "fra the feest ;" but 
 this is evidently a mistake ; even the date of the 
 statute shows that quhyl i.e., until, is required. 
 
 Icel. nyra, Dan. nyre, Sw. njure, a kidney ; and Fr, 
 graisse, grease or fat. 
 
 NERVIT, Neruit, adj. Ribbed, shot, 
 threaded ; " neriiit with gold," Douglas, Pa- 
 lice of Honour, Pt, I. st. 47. 
 
 NESH, adj. Soft, tender. V. Nash. 
 
 NESTLING, Nestlin, Nesslin, s. The 
 smallest bird of the nest, the weakling. 
 
 To NETHER, Netter, Nedder, Nither, 
 Nyther, v. a. and n. To gnarl, shrivel ; 
 Houlate, 1. 57, Asloan MS., Bann. MS. 
 Addit. to NiDDER, q. v. 
 
 NETHERHOLE, Netherholl, s. The 
 
 blackhole, or lowest vault of a prison. 
 
 ' ' Item, that na maner of persouns be fund walkand 
 on the gaitt fra x houris furth of the nycht, vnder the 
 payne of putting in the netherhole incontinent, excep- 
 tand folkis of honesty passand their leifull airands, 
 and at thai haif bowetts or candillis within thair 
 [hands] in taikin thairof." Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, 
 1498, I. 75, Rec. Soc. 
 
 NETHIRMARE, NEDDIRMAIR, adj. and 
 adv. Lower, still lower, farther downward. 
 
 Tlie dog slepit and fell unto the ground. 
 And Orpheus attour his wame in stall. 
 And nethirmare he went as ye heir sail. 
 Henryson, Orph. and Eur., 1. 260, Laing's ed. 
 The term occurs in 1. 345. In both cases the Bann. 
 MS. reads neddirmair. 
 
 Nethirmest, Neddirmaist, Neddirmast, 
 adj. Lowest : generally used as an empha- 
 
NEV 
 
 [174] 
 
 NIM 
 
 tic or intensive form : as, " Theefs sail be 
 put in the neddirmaist hole." 
 
 Nethirmare is a double compar., and nethirmesl a 
 double super, used, like all such forms, to mark em- 
 phasis. 
 
 A.-S. neothera, neothra, nether : with suffix mdra, 
 greater, mmst, most. 
 
 NEVE, Neue, s. Fist. V. Neive. 
 To NEVEL, Nevell, v. a. V. Dict. 
 
 Del, the note under s. 1 : the statement is wrong, 
 
 NEWLINGIS, Newlins, adv. Anew, over 
 
 again. Addit. to Newlingis, q. v. 
 
 ". . . and thairfore desyrit the samyne raewZingfw 
 againe to be granted for the honour and lovage of 
 Godis service at thair altar of Sant Cubart." Burgh 
 Recs. Edinburgh, I. 214, Rec. Soc. 
 
 NEWKDAY, Newrsday, s. New-Year's- 
 Dav. 
 
 Newrgift, s. New-Year's-Day gift. 
 
 Newrneen, Newrxseen, s. New-Year's- 
 Even, the evening of New-Year's-Dav. 
 
 These terms are still common in the West of S. 
 
 NEYF, Neyfship. V. Naif. 
 
 NICE, Nyce, Nyse, adj. Foolish, stupid, 
 iL'uorant, dull, lazy : also tricky, as in 
 Kingis Quair, st. 155. Addit. to Nice, q. 
 V. V. A'yce. 
 
 Del. the note which follows Nicete, under this entry 
 in Dict. Nice has nothing to do with niais, which 
 Hailes and Pinkerton and Jamieson adopted as its 
 etym. Fr. niais, is from the Ital. nidiace, fresh from 
 the nest, hence, silly ; and nice is M. E. nice, from O. 
 nice, simple, lazy, wliich came from Lat. neacius, igno- 
 rant. V. Skeat's Etym. Dict. 
 
 To NIGHT, Nycht, v. n. To stop work for 
 the day, cease from laboiu- when day-light 
 closes. Addit. to NiCHT, q. v. 
 
 " . . . all the remanent of the yeir, quhen the 
 day is schort, till entyr to his werk at day lycht in the 
 morwyng, laif at half hour to twelf at none, and nycht 
 at ewyu." Burgh Recs. Stirling, 26 Aug. 1529. 
 
 This is an extract from the engagement which the 
 magistrates made with their master-mason, and which 
 on certain conditions was to last "enduryng his lyfe- 
 tyrae. " 
 
 The term is still so used in various districts of Scot. 
 
 Nichting-time, Nychtin-tbie, s. The time 
 when out-door labour ceases during the 
 winter season, i.e., when day-light closes. 
 
 NICHTBOUR, s. V. Nychbour. 
 
 NiCHTBOURHEiD, Nychtbourheid, s. Site 
 or ground adjacent ; Burgh Recs. Edin- 
 burgh, III. 224. Addit. to Nychtbour- 
 heid, q. V. 
 
 Nichtbourscape, Nychburscape, «. 
 Neighbourship, neighbourliness, the rights 
 
 and duties of neighbours : similar to Nycht- 
 bourheid, q. V. : Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 1 2 
 Feb. U80-I,Mait. C. 
 
 NICHT WALK, s. A night-wake or night- 
 watch over a corpse ; also called a licht- 
 wake; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 131, Rec. 
 Soc. 
 
 NICHTYRTALE, 5. V. Dict. 
 
 Jamieson's explanaticm of the yr in this term is not 
 satisfactory. A simpler and more direct explanation 
 of the term is the following one by Prof. Skeat. 
 
 Icel. ndttarthel. by night, in the night-time. Here 
 the ar is the Icel. genitive : and so also in caterwaul, 
 the caier is equal to Icel. hattar. 
 
 To NICK, V. a. To outwit, balk, trick, 
 befool, deceive : also, to answer in a mock- 
 ing or insulting manner. V. Neck, v. 
 
 Nick, s. An act of trickery or deceit; a 
 retort, gibe, jeer. 
 Sw. neJca, to deny : Dan. negte. 
 
 NIDDRIT, part. pt. V. Nidder. 
 NID NODDIN. V. under Nod. 
 
 NiDDY Noddy, s. and adv. Nodding and 
 shaking, like an old or palzied person : also, 
 in the pi. a contemptuous name for assumed 
 airs or fine manners. 
 
 To think you birkies o' the town, 
 Wi' ruflfel't sark and moostet crown. 
 Play siccan tricks on couutra bodies, 
 Wha 're tentless o' yer niddy noddies. 
 
 W. Watson's Poems, p. 32. 
 
 An' ere we're half gate wi' our life, 
 Our head plays niddy noddy. 
 
 Ibid.,^. 38. 
 
 To NIE, Nye, r. a. To approach. V. 
 
 Neygh, Nech. 
 
 NIKKY, s. V. Nick. 
 
 NILD. Errat. for culd, could. V. Dict. 
 
 This is a mis-reading of Pinkerton's transcriber : the 
 Maitland MS. has culd. See Small's ed. of Dunbar's 
 Poems, p. 38, S. T. S, 
 
 NILE, s. Blue or green mould or fungus, as 
 on cheese : niled cheese^ moulded or mouldy 
 cheese ; Orkn. 
 
 NILL, Nil, Nyl. For ne will, will not: 
 mil ye will ye, whether you are unwilling 
 or willing, without consulting you, in spite 
 of you : '• An' that I'll do, nill ye will ye." 
 
 Jamieson's explanation of this phrase is defective. 
 Like the Lat. form "nolens volens" it has various 
 applications. 
 
 A. -S. nyllan, to be unwilling : made up of ?»e, not, 
 and willan, to will. 
 
 To NIM, NiME, Nyme, v. 1. As a v. a., to 
 take or pick up hastily ; to steal. V. Nasi. 
 
NIN 
 
 [1751 
 
 NOO 
 
 2. As a V. n., to walk quickly, trip along, 
 A.-S. niman, to take. 
 
 NINE, Nines, .s. Perfection : to the nines, 
 up to the nines, to perfection, to the utter- 
 most, in the grandest style: West of S. 
 
 Nine -Tails, Nine-Tail'd-Cat, s. The 
 hangman's lash. 
 
 NIR, Nyr, adj. and adv. Near : comp. 
 nirar, nyrar ; sup. nirest, nyrast ; Houlate, 
 1. 47, Asloan MS., Bann. MS. V. Ner. 
 
 NIRLOCK, NuKLOCK, s. A small hard 
 lump or swelling, an induration on the 
 skin : mostly on the feet or hands. Dimin. 
 of NiRL, q. V. 
 
 To NITHER. V. DiCT. Kidder is a mis- 
 print for Nidder. 
 
 To NIVE, Knive, v. a. To pinch, grip ; to 
 lay turf on the ridge of a house in order 
 to grip and cover the ends of the thatch ; 
 Orkn. 
 
 " Weel, trouth, lam, thou'll sthune be richt aneuch. 
 Leuk'st thoo there, Maigie, at that saxear (six-oared 
 boat) comean frae the haaf fu' tae tbe wayles (gun- 
 wales) o' ling and tosch. Na micht I trive, Maigie, 
 but I see a braw new hoos nived wi' poanes (cut turf), 
 an' na less than twa marks o' laund." Rambling 
 Sketches in the Far North, p. 93. 
 
 Dan. knibe, to pinch, grip. 
 
 NO, Na, adv. Not: no far, not far, near. 
 Addit. to No, q. v. 
 
 There's no a lad in a' the Ian' 
 
 Was match for my John Highlandman. 
 
 Burns, Jolly Beggars. 
 We are na fou, we're no that fou, 
 But just a drappie in our e'e. 
 
 Ibid. , Willie Brew'd a Peck o' Maut. 
 No and na are the usual forms of negation in Scot. : 
 a peculiarity which Janiieson has not made plain, 
 although he uses many quotations that illustrate it. 
 No for not is common all over the country ; but in 
 Aberdeen, Banff, etc., na and nae prevail. In the 
 Lowlands generally, while frequently used with verbs, 
 it is invariably used with nouns, adjectives, and ad- 
 verbs ; but in the S. F. counties it is equally so used 
 with verbs, e.g. I no think, I no ken. When the 
 negation follows the verb the form na is used, and is 
 frequently joined to it, e.g. I ken na, I kenma. With 
 aux. verbs this combination is very common, e.g. can- 
 na, manwa, wadwa. 
 
 NoBUT, adv. Only, just, no more than : 
 as, "I've nohiit saxpence." V. [Na But]. 
 
 When so used nobitt has the sense of nodd hid ; and 
 when it occurs at the beginning of a sentence, it has 
 a conjunctive sense and represents No ! however, as in, 
 " Nobut, I canna do that." In this latter sense it is 
 common in the North of E. V. Brockett's Gloss. 
 
 For explanation of no and but see Skeat's Etym. 
 Diet. 
 
 No Far, adv. Not far, near. V. No. 
 
 NODDER, NoDDiR, Noudir, conj. Neither. 
 
 V. NOUTHER. 
 
 To NOIT, V. a. To use, wear; part. pt. 
 noited ; "the book's sair noitit" i.e., much 
 worn or marked through use : West of S. 
 V. Note. 
 
 A.-S. notian, to use ; Sw. niita, to wear, to be worn. 
 
 NOK. " A 7wk," an oak : a form adopted in 
 alliterative poetry. 
 
 My neb is netherit as a nok, I am hot ane Owle. 
 
 Houlate, 1. 57. 
 
 NOLL, s. V. DicT. 
 
 This word represents simply E. knoll, and the mean- 
 ings noted are all secondary. M. E. knol, and A.-S. 
 aiol, a hillock, are most prob. of Celtic origin, from 
 Welsh cnol, a knoll, hillock, a dimin. form of Celtic 
 cnoc, a hill, which in Gaelic means hill, knoll, hillock, 
 and in Irish a hillock, a turnip. In Scot, now, nowe, 
 knowe, which represent the pron. of knoll, means a 
 hillock, brae, rounded eminence, the head, crown of 
 the head. Comparing these various meanings, the 
 leading idea which they suggest is that of roundness, 
 not mass or eminence; and this is confirmed by Dutch 
 knol, a turnip, and Swed. knol, a bump. Besides, the 
 term knock, as used in the names of hills, is invariably 
 applied to rounded eminences, and to such only. 
 
 NONE-METE, s. Dinner. V. Neemit. 
 
 NONES, Nonis, s. Nonse. V. Nanes. 
 
 To NOOL, NuLE, V. n. To submit, bow, 
 yield, fawn, cringe : commonly written 
 Knool, q. V. V. Noll, v. 
 
 To Knool doivn at marbles is to place the closed fist 
 on the ground, and expose the knuckles to the nags.. 
 Another form of the phrase, which is common in Eng. 
 as well, is to knuckle doivn. V. under Nag. 
 
 NooLED, Nool'd, Noolt, Nuled, part, and 
 adj. Subdued, crushed, dispirited, hen- 
 pecked : as, " He's a puir nool'd body." 
 
 Prob. only a var. of knool, knoll, knidl, to knuckle, 
 beat with the fists, expressing the purpose of, and end 
 gained by, the operation. 
 
 NoOL-KNEE, adj. V. Nule-Kneed. 
 
 NOONSHANKS, Noneshankis, None- 
 shankis, Nuinschankis, Numschankis, S. 
 Afternoon repast; also the time allowed for 
 it. Frequently called four-hours. Addit. 
 
 to NOYN-SANKIS, q. V. 
 
 This repast was called four-hours from the time at 
 which it was taken; and workmen were allowed half an 
 hour for it. In some districts, however, as the follow- 
 ing extract shows, noonshanks began at 3.30 p.m. 
 
 "The said Jhon haiffand ilk work day ane half hour 
 afor nyne houris afor none to his disjone, and ane othir 
 half hour afor four houris eftyr none to his nun- 
 schankls." Burgh Recs. Stirling, 26 Aug., 1529. 
 
 Such was the arrangement with the master-mason 
 of Stirling so long as he could commence work "ilk 
 day in the morwyng at fiwe houris ;" but during the 
 season of shorter days he had no noonshanks, and only 
 a short meal-time at mid-day. So also was it with the 
 master-mason of Dundee a few years later ; for his en- 
 gagement, dated 1536, distinctly states that in winter 
 
NOO 
 
 [176] 
 
 NOW 
 
 he was to have "na tyme of licence of dennar nor 
 noneshankis causs of the shortnes of the dais," 
 Memorials of Angus and Mearns, I. 298. 
 
 Noonshanks was originally a noon-drink ; for we are 
 told that in certain cases labourers were sdlowed none- 
 mete, i.e., noon-eating, and none-schenche, i.e. noon- 
 drinking : schenche being a s. from M. E. schenchen, to 
 pour out or distribute drink. (See Nuninete in Prompt. 
 Parv., and Way's note on it.) And in certain circum- 
 stances this allowance of an afternoon drink is still 
 kept up. 
 
 A.-S. scencan, to pour out drink, from which came 
 M. E. skenken, schenken, or schenchen ; and from the 
 latter form came schenche in none-schenche, which in 
 Scot, became noonshanks, and in E. nunchion. Y. 
 Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 NOOT, s. A shinty ball. V. Note. 
 
 Also called a nacket, that which is nacked or knocked. 
 Properly, however, the yioot is a ball of hard wood 
 turned and fitted for the game ; and a nacket is a piece 
 of wood, bone, or stone, used by players who have not 
 a noot. 
 
 NORTIR, NoRTER, 
 under North. 
 
 adj. Northern. V. 
 
 NOSE-ON-THE-GRUNSTANE. A simile 
 
 expressive of the hard grinding of poverty, 
 
 of the result of improvidence, and of a 
 
 lazy person compelled to work. 
 
 In the second sense the phrase is common in the 
 North of E. V. Brocket's Gloss. 
 
 NOT, s. Naught, nothing ; Court of Venus, 
 ii. 973, 975, S.T. S. A form of Nocht, q. v. 
 
 Prob. written not in MS. 
 
 NOTE, Not, Nott, Noot, s. A knot, 
 knob, ball; head, point, conclusion; also, a 
 tool or weapon : hence, to the note, to the 
 head or point, to the hammer, axe, etc. : cf . 
 neb. V. Note. 
 
 Icel. knMr, a knot; Sw. knut : Dan. knude; A.-S. 
 cnotta ; Du. knot ; Cf. Lat. nodus ; Fr. neud. 
 
 NOTIR, adj. Known. V. Notour. 
 
 NOTOURLIE, NOTERLIE, NOTIRLIE, adv. 
 Well or widely known, publicly, notoriously ; 
 Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, I. 113, Douglas, 
 IV. 94-4, ed. Small. V. Notour. 
 
 NOUMBLES, NoMBLES, Nowmyllis, s.pl. 
 The heart, spleen, lungs, and liver of an 
 animal : " noxomelys of a beest," Prompt. 
 Parv., q. v. 
 
 ". . . and at the sellaris thairof [i.e., of flesh- 
 meat] be honestlie habilleit according to thair facultie 
 with honest apronis convenient thairfore, and at thai 
 sell nocht oppinly in the merkat thair nolt heids, 
 nowmyllis, nor interallis of thair flesche bot quyetlie 
 in private places." Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, I. 114, 
 Rec. Soc. 
 
 This extract shows that the term is not limited to 
 the entrails of a deer, as is sometimes stated. It has 
 not yet passed out of use in the West of S. , and may 
 occasionally be heard on winter market-days when 
 farmers' wives are bargaining with the butcher for the 
 
 materials to furnish a good haggis : a sheep's bag and 
 nombles being principal elements thereof. 
 
 L. Lat. numbile, numble: O. Fr. nombles, the uum- 
 bles, which Elyot defines, " as the hart, the splene, 
 the lunges, and lyuer." V. Note in Prompt. Parv. 
 
 NOVATION, NouATiON, s. Innovation, 
 
 novelty; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen. II. 43, 
 
 Sp. C, B. R. Edinburgh, IV. 141, Rec. Soc. 
 
 This term occurs also in the Peebles Recs. in an 
 entry dated 3rd March, 1559. The record is interest- 
 ing, as it affords a glimpse of that old burgh when the 
 Reformation movement began to stir it. On that day, 
 it is recorded, " . . . the baillies of Peblis passed 
 to the personale presens of John Wallace als apostat, 
 and dischargit him to use ony novationes of common 
 prayeris or preiching." They told him also that they 
 would not assist him nor any of his sect or opinion, 
 but would stand under the faith and obedience of their 
 prince for the time. Little did they know about the 
 force of the current that had just reached them. On 
 20th November of the following year 1560, the bailies 
 of Peebles were commissioned by the inhabitants to go 
 to Edinburgh to the Lords of the Congregation to 
 secure the services of a faithful minister. Eight days 
 afterwards, John Dikesone, the first minister in 
 Peebles, was formally installed. 
 
 NOW, NowE, s. V. DicT. 
 
 These forms represent the Sc. pron. of E. knoll, 
 M. E. knol : Cf. bow for boll, row for roll, etc. And all 
 the varieties of meaning given under Noll and Now 
 represent simply different applications of M. E. Knol. 
 
 To NOW, V. a. To knuckle, to strike or beat 
 with the fist : a form of Noll, of which it 
 represents the common pron. 
 
 The miliar was of manly mak, 
 
 To meit him was na mowis ; 
 
 Thai durst nocht ten cum him to tak, 
 
 So nowit be thair nowis. 
 
 Chryslis Kirk of the Grene, Bann. MS, 
 
 NOWEL, s. The central column round 
 which a circular staircase winds ; also, in 
 pi. nowellisy stones to be used in constructing 
 a newel. 
 
 *' . . . for the wark of the tolbuith steipill, sex 
 score four peice of free aisler stanes of the' heughe of 
 Kynguddies, thairof thrie scoir sevin peice long wark 
 for lintellis and nowellis, and the remanent schort wark 
 for rebbittis." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, II. 379, Sp. C. 
 
 "Newel (Old Eng. forms, Noel, Nowel, Nuel), the 
 central column round which the steps of a circular 
 staircase wind." Gloss, of Terms in Architecture, p. 
 169, ed. 1882. 
 
 O. Fr. nual, later noyau, ' ' the stone of a plumme, 
 the nuel or spindle of a winding staire ;" Cotgr. From 
 Lat. nucalis, resembling nuts ; hence, applied to a 
 fruitstone, an almond, and, from its central position, 
 to the column of a winding stair. 
 
 NOWN, adj. Own : a common pron. in 
 Orkn. : nain in more southern districts. 
 
 NOWS AND THENS, adv. Occasionally, 
 at long intervals, rarely. The phrase is 
 used also as a «., as in, " He jist comes at 
 nows and thens" i.e., at odd or rare times. 
 South and West of S. 
 
 This phrase is still used in some districts of the 
 North of Eng. V. Peacock's Gloss, of Lonsdale. 
 
NOW 
 
 [177] 
 
 N YT 
 
 NOWT, s. Cattle, horned cattle. Y. Nolt. 
 
 NOYNSANKIS, s. Afternoon repast ; also, 
 the time allowed for it. Errat. in Dict. 
 
 Jamieson's explanation of this term is altogether a 
 mistake : therefore, del. the definition and the explana- 
 tory note given in DiCT., and see corrections given 
 under Noonshanhs. 
 
 NOYSUM, adj. Hurtful, noxious, deadly ; 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, III. 59, 13, ed. Small. 
 
 Made up of M. E. noy, annoyance ; and E, suffix 
 some. Noy is short for anoy, from 0. Fr. anoi, vexa- 
 tion. V. Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 NUB-BERRY, s. V. Dict.. 
 
 In last para, of this entry, 1. 1, knoo is a misprint for 
 
 knob. 
 
 NUDYT, NwDYT, part.pt. Naked, stripped, 
 
 denuded. Lat. nudare. 
 
 " . . . ordains hym to be niodyt of his fredome. " 
 Burgh Recs. Prestwick, .SO Jan., 1551-2, p. 62, Mait. C. 
 
 NUK, Nuke, Nukit, Nukkit. V. under 
 NuiK. 
 
 NULE, NoOL, s. A knob, protuberance. 
 V. [Knule], 
 
 NuLED, NoOLED, adj. Having a knob or 
 protuberance, swollen : as in a diseased 
 joint. 
 
 Nule-Kneed, Nool-Kneed, adj. Having 
 
 enlarged or protuberant knee-joints ; syn. 
 
 knuckle-kneed, knock-kneed. Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 Jamieson's definition of this term is misleading : it is 
 
 really the def. of knock-kneed. And while a knule- 
 
 kneed person is generally also knock-kneed, he is not 
 
 necessarily so, and may be otherwise : but, be that as 
 
 it may, the two words imply totally different ideas. 
 
 JVule has nothing to do with the idea of knocking, but 
 
 of protuberance ; and when nided knees do knock 
 
 against each other, it is because the protuberances are 
 
 the results of disease which has so weakened the joints 
 
 that they bend inward under the person as he moves 
 
 along. 
 
 Nule-Taes, Nool-Taes, Nule-Taed. V. 
 Knoul-Taes. 
 
 To NULE, V. a. and n. Y. Knool, Nool. 
 
 NuLED, NoOLT, part, and adj. Mauled, 
 subdued. Y. Nooled. 
 
 NURISKAP, NuRicEKip, s. Y. Nouriskap. 
 NWREIS, NwRis, s. A nurse. Y. Nuris. 
 (Sup.) Y 
 
 NYCE, Nyse, adj. Ignorant, stupid, rude, 
 
 offensive ; Court of Venus, i. 739 : also, full 
 
 of tricks or capers, as, " the nyce ape," 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 155 ; foolish, silly, Ibid., 
 
 St. 129 ; Dunbar and Kennedy, 1. 177. 
 
 Nyse is used in the last sense in Towneley Mys- 
 teries, p. 237. It is the M. E. nice, foolish, simple, 
 and afterwards fastidious ; from 0. Fr. nice, lazy, 
 simple ; originally ignorant, from Lat. nescius, V. 
 Skeat's Etym. Dict. 
 
 Nycely, Nysely, adv. Foolishly; Kingis 
 Quair, St. 12, ed. Skeat. 
 
 To NYCH, V. a. Y. Neich, Nech. 
 
 NYCHLIT. Del. this entry in Dict. 
 
 This is certainly a mistake in the Bann. MS. for 
 nychit, came nigh to, concerned. The Asloan MS. hai 
 nechit. V. under Nech. 
 
 NYDDRIT, Nydryt, part. pt. Y. Nidder. 
 
 To NYE, V. a. Y. Neych, Me. 
 
 To NYE, V. a. To deny, refuse, forbid ; pret. 
 
 nyt; part. pt. ni/te. Fr. nier. 
 
 And othir sum nyt all that case. 
 
 Barbour, i. 52. 
 
 To NYE, V. a. To annoy, vex, harass, distress, 
 afflict ; part. pt. nyte, a form of noyit, q. v. 
 
 The May Thisbe wald tine hlr self sa nyte, 
 Caus Pyramus away and deid was quite. 
 
 Holland, Court of Venus, iii. 229, S. T. S. 
 " Wald tine Mr self ," resolved to kill herself or to 
 perish. V. Tine. 
 
 The rendering of nyte given in the Gloss, is certainly 
 wrong. 
 
 Nye, s. Trouble, difficulty, harm, distress, 
 injury. A form of NoY, q. v. 
 
 To NYME, V. a. To seize. Y Nam, Mm. 
 
 NYSE, Nysely. Y. Nyce. 
 
 NYT, pret. Denied. Y. Nye. 
 
 NYTE, part. pt. Annoyed. Y. Nye. 
 
 NYTE, V. a. A form of Nate, Note, q. v. 
 
 To NYTE, V. n. Y. Dict. 
 
 In 1. 1, for V. n. read v, a. 
 
 To NYTE, V. a. Y. Dict. 
 
 In 1. 1, for No read To. 
 To NYTTL, V. a. and n. Y. Dict. 
 
 Add to defin. : — A form of Nattle, with slightly 
 different application. 
 
OAT 
 
 [178] 
 
 ON 
 
 O. 
 
 O, prep. On ; but generally equivalent to 
 E, prefix a, meaning on, as in o hrede, 
 abroad, o newe, anew, o right, aright. 
 
 OAT-FOWL, s. The snow-bunting; Neil's 
 Tour in Orkn. and Shetl. Addit. to Oat- 
 Fowl, q. V. 
 
 OBIUSE, s. A corr. of upheise, vulgarly 
 pron. obheisef a block and tackle, used for 
 elevating heavy bodies ; Burgh Recs. Aber- 
 deen, I. 176, Sp. C. 
 
 OBSERVATOE, Obseruatour, s. Lit. 
 an observatory, an aid or help to observers : 
 a monstrance. 
 
 ". . . ane o6serMa<oMr of irue to the ewcharist." 
 Burgh Kecs, Peebles, 27 Oct., 1560, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Lat. observare, to observe, pay respect or adoration 
 to ; and the obseruatour mentioned in the record was, 
 most probably, an iron case for enclosing and at the 
 same time displaying the host. 
 
 OBSTANT, adj. Standing in the way of, 
 opposing, resisting, adverse; Douglas, IV., 
 134, 23, ed. Small, Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 
 L 37, Sp. C. 
 
 OBUMBRAT, pret. Overshadowed, shaded, 
 screened; Douglas, IV. 82, 10, ed. Small. 
 Lat. obumbrare. 
 
 OCHTLINS, adv. V. Oughtltns. 
 
 ODD, Odds, s. Terms used in golfing. 
 
 " (1.) 'An odd,' 'two odds,' etc. per hole, means 
 the handicap given to a weak opponent by deducting 
 one, two, etc. strokes from his total every hole. 
 (2. ) To have played ' the odd ' is to have played one 
 stroke more than your adversary. " Golfer's Handbook, 
 p. 35, ed. 1881. 
 
 Some of the other terms used in counting the game 
 will be most easily explained in connection with the 
 foregoing. 
 
 "If your opponent has played one stroke more than 
 
 {rou, i.e., 'the odd,' your next stroke will be 'the 
 ike'; if two strokes more, i.e., 'the two more,' your 
 next stroke will be ' the one off two ' ; if three more, 
 'the one off three'; and so on." Ibid., p. 35. 
 
 ODMAN, s. An arbiter. V. Odisman. 
 
 To O'ERGANG, v. a. To oversee, super- 
 intend ; hence, to treat with indignity, to 
 oppress; West of S. Addit. to Ourgae. 
 
 O'ergang, Ourgang, s. Superintendence, 
 oppression ; Ibid. Addit. to Ourgang. 
 
 To OERHALE, v. a. A form of Ouerheild, 
 q. v.; also, of Ouerhale, q. v. 
 
 O'ERLAY, s. and v. V. Ourlay. 
 
 OF, adv. Corr. of oft, often, frequently ; 
 '* also of as neid beis," as often as necessary ; 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 125. 
 
 OFF-AND-ON, Aef-an'-on. 1. As an adj. ; 
 
 uncertain, unsettled ; as, " I'll hae na off- 
 
 and-on bargain : settle't now." 
 2. As an adv.; more or less; as, *'It lasted 
 
 about twa hours off-and-on" : also, inter- 
 
 mittingly ; as, '' We had moonlicht off-and- 
 
 on a' nicht." 
 
 OFF-GANGIN. 1. As an adj., outgoing, 
 leaving ; as in " the off-gangin tenant." 
 
 2. As a «., the amount or proportion of the 
 crop due to the outgoing tenant who leaves 
 a farm while the crop is growing. 
 
 OFTER, adv. Of tener ; comp. of oft. 
 
 To OGHT, Ought, Oghe, v. a. V. Aucht. 
 
 OH WHAN ! inter. Like, and perhaps the 
 local pron. of ochone; but its application is 
 more like that of man alive! Orkn. 
 
 OIS, OiSE, Oiss, V. and s. Use. V. Oyss. 
 
 OKE, s. The Black-billed Auk (Alca pica, 
 
 Linn.) ; Neil's Tour in Orkn. and Shetl. 
 
 Naturalists are now almost agreed that the Oke is 
 not a distinct species, but merely the Razor-bill in the 
 winter plumage of the first year. V. Rennie's Notes 
 in Montagu's Omith. Diet., ed. 1831. 
 
 OKER, OiCKER, s. Usury. V. Ocker. 
 OLES, adv. and conj. A corr. of Onless, q. v. 
 OLK, Olklie. V. OuLK, Oulklie. 
 To OIVIBESEGE, v. a. V. Umbesege. 
 
 Om is for omb = umb, A.-S. ymb, round about. This 
 prefix is very common in M. E. in the form of um-. 
 
 OMELL, prep. Among; Ywaine and Gawin, 
 1. 136, 2667. 
 
 ON, prep. Of, about, concerning, regarding ; 
 as, *'He couldna sleep for thinkin' on't," 
 i.e., of or about it; ''I'll tell your mither 
 on you," i.e., concerning or regarding you. 
 Addit. to [On], q. v. 
 
 ON, One. 1. Forms of the prefix U7i, not, or 
 implying the undoing of the action ex- 
 pressed by the verb, as ongraithe for un- 
 graithe, to unharness, i.e. to undo the 
 harness. 
 
ONB 
 
 [179] 
 
 ONS 
 
 2. Sometimes on is intensive, as in onstandin, 
 immovable, determined. 
 
 N.B. — Words beginning with this form of 
 the prefix which are not found in the Dict. 
 or Supph, may be found under the form 
 Un-. 
 
 ONBETAKIT, Onbetechit, part. adj. 
 Unrendered, uncommitted, uncommended: 
 " onbetechit hir self to God," without com- 
 mending herself to God. 
 
 " . . . and commandit hir to ryss airlie befoir 
 the sone, onbetechit hir self to God, and onspokin, and 
 nocht to sayn hir self nor hir sone sowkand on hir 
 breist." Trials for Witchcraft, Spald. Misc., i. 91. 
 
 The form onbetechit may represent the local pron. ; 
 but more prob. it is a mistake for onhetakit. 
 
 ONBETHANKIT, part. adj. Unthanked, 
 unacknowledged; "Here am I onbethankit 
 for a' I've done for her," West of S. 
 
 ON BEEID. V. On Brede. 
 
 ONBYDREW, pret. Withdrew, retired; 
 Douglas, Virgil, xii. prol. 6, ed. Small. 
 
 On is here not negative but intensive, as in some- 
 times is in Latin, and un in Eng., as in unloose, Mark 
 i. 7. Ruddiman's ed. has umbedrew, which is similarly 
 explained. V. Gloss. Another use of on will be found 
 in Onlace, q. v. 
 
 ONCHANCY, adj. V. Unchancy. 
 
 ONCOUTH, Onkouth, adj. Strange, un- 
 common : generally uncouth, unkouth, but 
 latterly and most frequently written and 
 pron. unco. V. Unco. 
 
 While uncouth and unco are really forms of the same 
 word, they have now very different meanings : un- 
 couth implies peculiarity of appearance, dress, manner, 
 or bearing, and unco refers to the nature or character 
 of a person or thing. 
 
 ONCULYT, Onculit, part. adj. Uncooled, 
 quite hot, warm ; Douglas, Virgij, xi. ch. 5. 
 
 ONCUNYEIT, /^ar-^. acZj. Uncoined: nn- 
 cunyeit gold, gold in bar or mass, or not 
 prepared for coining; Douglas, Virgil^ x. 
 ch. 9, ed. Small. 
 
 ONE, adj. Single, sole: hym one, all by 
 him-^elf; onre one, all by ourselves; but 
 such phrases are now expressed by himself, 
 ourselves, &c. There is also an intensive 
 form in which al or all is prefixed : thus, al 
 hym one, entirely himself or by himself. 
 
 •One-off-two, One-off-theee. V. under 
 Odd. 
 
 ONEITH, Oneise, adv. Lit. not easily; 
 hardly, scarcely, with difficulty. Y. Un- 
 
 EITH. 
 
 ONEED, adj. Uncultivated. V. Uneared. 
 
 ONFAEAND, ONFARRANT,ai/;. Ill-favoured, 
 ill-looking, ugly; Douglas, III. 250, 26, ed. 
 Small ; it is also used in the sense of ill-in- 
 formed, senseless, unmannerly, rude, as in 
 " He's aye been an onfarant body." V. 
 Unfarrant. 
 
 ONHEEMIT, Onhermyt, a^y. Unharmed; 
 Douglas, II. 4, 31, ed. Small. 
 
 To ONLACE, V. a. Lit. to lace on, i.e. to 
 bind, fix, or fasten, as a sandal, piece of 
 armour, etc. ; hence, to put or fit on, bind 
 or fasten firmly. 
 
 Enfors the strangly contrar hym to stand : 
 
 Rays hie the targe of faith vp in thi hand ; 
 
 On hed the halsum helm of hop onlace ; 
 
 In cheryte thy body all embrace ; 
 
 And of devote orison mak thi brand. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, xi. prol., ed. Small. 
 Rudd. ed. has vnlace. 
 On is here both intensive and adverbial. 
 
 ONLAND, Unland, s. Untilled or unculti- 
 vated land, pasture land. Addit. to Onland. 
 
 This term was left undefined by Jamieson ; but its 
 meaning is clearly indicated by the following passage ; 
 
 " . . terras arabiles lie corneland, terras non ara- 
 biles lie unland . . . moris, marresiis, pratis, terris 
 non arabilibus lie unerd." Reg. Mag. Sig., 1546-80, 
 No. 2195. 
 
 ONLAW, s. and v. V. Unlaw. 
 
 ONLESS, Onles, Oles, adv. and conj. Un- 
 less, if not; Spald. Mis., I. 85 ; oles na, un- 
 less that. 
 
 ". . . he sal hafe na other service bot it oles na 
 it be nocht ten merkis." Charters of Peebles, 4 Feb., 
 1444-5, Rec. Soc. 
 
 ONMYSUELY, adv. Without or beyond 
 measure ; Douglas, IV. 147, 29, ed. Small. 
 
 ONEEST, s. Unrest. V. Unrest. 
 
 ONEICHT, Onrycht, adj. Untrue, false, 
 
 defective, unfair, unjust. 
 
 " . . the deakin of cowperis quha sail have power 
 to challenge all sik wrang and onrycht missouris." 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, I. 295, Rec. Soc. 
 
 ONSAULD, Onseld, Onselt, adj. Unsold ; 
 Spald. Club Misc., I 193. 
 
 ONSET, s. An addition to a building either 
 for enlargement or as an outhouse ; in the 
 former case it is often called an outset; in 
 the latter, a to-fall, or lean-to. 
 
 ONSLAUGHT, s. A fierce attack or onset ; 
 a bloody fray or battle, Eoxb. 
 
 "The Swedens disappointed of their onslaught re- 
 tired after his Majestic to their lea>;uer, and having 
 put a terror to the enemies armie by this defeat he did 
 get some days longer continuation to put all things in 
 good order against their coming." Monro's Exped., P. 
 ii., p. 52. 
 
ONS 
 
 [180] 
 
 OSI 
 
 From on and M. E. slaht, A. S. sleaht, a stroke, blow, 
 formed from sledn, to strike. Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 Misled by his etymology, Jamieson gave two differ- 
 ent entries of this term, in the belief that they were 
 different words ; but they are really the same. Both 
 entries must be deleted. 
 
 ONSNED, adj. Uncut, unpruned, not 
 
 trimmed ; Douglas, Virgil, Bk. ix. 11. 
 
 In the West of S. some thirty years ago a common 
 street cry was, "Birk besoms ; heather besoms ; sned 
 an' onsned ! " The hawkers were generally gipsies. 
 
 ONSPOKIN, adj. Unspoken ; without speak- 
 ing to any one, before speaking to any one. 
 Spald. Mis. I. 91. 
 
 ONSPOULYET, adj. Unspoiled; Burgh 
 Rees. Aberdeen, I. 316, Sp. O. 
 
 ONSTERIT, adj. Unstirred, unmoved; 
 Douglas, n. 146, 21, ed. Small. V. Steee. 
 
 ONTEINDIT, Ontendyt, Onteinit, adj. 
 Untithed: without apportioning or paying 
 the teinds. V. Teind. 
 
 ". . for the wrangus takin in of pels on-ienrfj/'." 
 Burgh Recs. Prestwick, p. 52, Mait. C. 
 
 ONTO, prep. Unto, upon, a-top of. 
 
 The bestis furth hes tursyt this ilka syre 
 Qyito the altar blesand of hayt fyre. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, xii. ch. 4, 1. 30. 
 
 This is simply a variant of unto. These forms are 
 made up of prep, to and O. Fries, vnd, ont, unto. 
 
 To ONTRAY, v. a. Errat. for Outray, q. v. 
 V. DiCT. 
 
 Delete this entry in DiCT. altogether, as ontray is a 
 misprint in Pinkerton's version of Sir Gaw. and Sir 
 Gal. 
 
 ONWISELY, Onuyslye, adv. Unwisely, 
 foolishly, rashly ; Douglas, Virgil, 124, 39, 
 Rudd. 
 
 The writer of the Elphinstoun MS. has omitted this 
 word, and has thereby marred the measure of the line. 
 The editor notes it as only a various reading. V. 
 Small's ed., II., pp. 219, 314. 
 
 OOSTING, s. An encampment, a camp : 
 also an army in camp. V. Ost, Osting. 
 
 OosTiNG BuRD, s. A camp-table. 
 
 •' Item, giffin for ij tynnyt bandis and viij bowlis for 
 trestis for the costing hurd, xxxij d." Accts L. H. 
 Treas., I. 295. 
 
 OOTLUST, adj. and s. V. Outlan, Outlin. 
 
 ORA, Orra, adj. Odd, extra. V. Orrow. 
 
 ORCHARD-LIT, s. A kind of dye-stuff: 
 prob. the orchella weed (Roccella tinctoria) 
 of commerce ; Halyburton's Ledger, p. 321, 
 Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, IV. 155. 
 
 ORD, 8. A point of land, promontory, head- 
 land ; as, " the Ord of Caithness." V. DiCT. 
 
 Jamieson's defin. and etym. of this term are incorrect. 
 The word is certainly of English origin. 
 
 A.-S. ord, beginning, point, edge; Germ, ort, a 
 point of land ; Icel. oddr, Dan. and Swed. od, odd. 
 
 ORDINER, Ordinar, Ordynar, s. 1. Or- 
 dinary ; a title given to Church dignitaries 
 having original jurisdiction. 
 
 The bishop of a diocese having original jurisdiction 
 was called the ordinar of the diocese ; the archbishop, 
 the ordinar of his province. 
 
 2. An ordinary, a public or common table or 
 meal, pot-luck ; dinner at a restaurant or 
 inn, or at the table of a friend or neighbour ; 
 also, dinner as a meal ; Rob. Stene's Dream, 
 P- 4. 
 
 The following injunctions were given to the common 
 minstrels of Glasgow who were provided with dinner 
 by the householders in rotation. 
 
 "Item, that nane of thame have nather boy nor 
 doig with -thame quhair thai eit thair ordiner. 
 
 ' ' Item, that thai stope na friemen that is hable to 
 gif them ordiner, nor to tak syluer fra ane to pas to 
 ane vther. 
 
 "Item, that thai sail nocht misbehaiff thame selffs 
 in na houssis quhair thai sal happin to eitt thair 
 ordiner, bot to be content of sic as salbe presentit to 
 thame be thame that thai eit with." Burgh Recs. 
 Glasgow, I. 207, Eec. Soc. 
 
 O. Fr. ordinaire, "an Ordinarie ; also, an ordinarie 
 table, dyet, fare ; " Cotgr. 
 
 ORE, s. V. DiCT. 
 
 Del. last two para, of this entry ; they are alto- 
 gether misleading. The etym. is simply A.-S. dr, 
 grace, favour. On this term. Prof. Skeat remarks : — 
 "A.-S. dr gives ore, just as A.-S. Idr gives lore." 
 
 ORLIN, Orling, s. a puny, sickly, or 
 
 stunted creature ; a form of WORLIN, q. v. 
 
 Worlin assumes the various forms of orlin, urlin, 
 wurlin, yurlin ; and they are stiU used in the West of 
 
 S. 
 
 ORNACY, s. 
 
 ornatio. 
 
 This term was generally used in relation to language, 
 composition, and poetry ; but in the following passage 
 it relates to architecture. 
 
 "So then, under these three conditions, to wit, of 
 amplitude, ornacy, and vnprostitude chastity to any 
 other vse nor the owne, but specially the last, it be- 
 commes a Kirk." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 17. 
 
 ORPIMENT, Orpement, s. Orpine, pain- 
 ter's gold; Haliburton's Ledger, p. 323. 
 Also called Orphany, q. v. M. E. orpimenty 
 Chaucer. 
 
 Orpiment is an arsenical yellow pigment, sometimes 
 called King's yellow ; it is a gold colour, but not gold. 
 The name is still used. 
 
 ORROW, Ora, Orra, adj. V. Dict. 
 
 This is a mere derivative of over, and all its various 
 meanings are simply different applications of the 
 primary meaning superfluous, spare. 
 
 "Orrow is precisely Swed. 6frig, remaining, lit. 
 over ; adj. from the prep. Cf. Icel. yfrinn, from yfir, 
 over ; which often drops /, and becomes cerinn. " 
 Skeat. 
 
 OSIL, OsiLL, t. The ousel. V. Oszil. 
 
 Ornateness, beauty. Lat. 
 
OSS 
 
 [181] 
 
 OUR 
 
 To OSSE, V. a. To offer, Rom. Alexander, 
 1. 2263, 2307. 
 
 OssiNGE, s. An offering, Ibid., 1. 731, 868. 
 
 OSSIGAR, s. V. OziGER. 
 
 OST, s. A sacrifice. V. Oist. 
 
 OSTRAGE, OSTAGE, s. An ostrich; also, 
 short for an ostrich-feather or plume. 
 
 The glaidest man was gayest for to se, 
 With scarlet cap, quhairin was Ostage thre, 
 Behoung with gold, and all of cullour blew. 
 
 Holland, Court of Venus, i. 83. 
 Ostage is perhaps a misprint for ostrage ; in any case, 
 it is improperly rendered "feather " in the Gloss. 
 
 Anglers almost always call the feathers with which 
 their hooks are dressed by the name of the bird from 
 which they are taken. In their parlance a mallard, a 
 jay, or a golden plover means only a feather from the 
 mallard, etc. 
 
 OTHERGATES, Othergaits, adj. Other- 
 wise, by other means, by another road, in 
 another way. 
 
 This term is still common in the North of Eng. V. 
 Cleveland Gloss., Brockett. It occurs also in the 
 Townley Myst., p. 10. 
 
 OTTERLINE, adj. and s. A form of Etter- 
 lin, q. V. : " ane otterline cow," a young cow 
 in calf in her second year ; Corshill Baron- 
 Court Book, Ayr and Wigton Arch. Coll., 
 IV. 142. 
 
 OTTOMALL, Ottomail, Ottom, Ottum, 
 
 s. A corr. of out-toonmallf a portion of 
 
 outfield or pasture land newly put under 
 
 cultivation : also called quoyland and out- 
 
 hrek; Orkn. V. [Tumail], Tumall. 
 
 These forms occur in Origines Parochiales, II., pt. 
 2, pp. 610, 615. 
 
 OUDIR, OwDiR, conj. and adj. Either; 
 Bargh Recs. Prestwick, pp. 14, 16, Mait. 
 
 C. V. OUTHIR. 
 
 OUERCARIED, Oercaried, part. pt. 
 Carried away, overdone, overloaded; Blame 
 of Kirkburiall, ch. 7. 
 
 To OUERGET, v. a. To overtake, come up 
 with: get is often used in the same sense; 
 West and South of S. 
 
 To OUERHALE, Ouerhaile, Ouerhayle, 
 
 OURHALE, OuRHAILE, OuREHALE, OuRE- 
 
 haile, Ourehayle, Oerhale, Oer- 
 haile, Orhatle, v. a. 1. To overspread, 
 cover over, conceal; Douglas, I. 88, 24, 
 Small. 
 
 2. To turn over, overhaul ; hence, to examine, 
 scrutinize, consider, ponder, reconsider: 
 Kingis Quair, st. 10, 158, ed. Skeat. 
 
 Addit. to Ouerhaile, q. v. 
 
 To OUERSEE, Ouersie, Oursee, Owrsee, 
 V. a. To overlook, wink at : hence to per- 
 mit, grant, or allow as a favour. 
 
 " . . , na mair for salmound tallis heirefter except 
 the pryces following, viz., aught pennis for the tail of 
 ane lytill salmound and sextein pennis for the taill of 
 ane meikle salmound, . . . ; and yeit for the re- 
 gaird they beir to the said William they will ouersie 
 him to tak during thair willis onlie tuelfF pennis for the 
 taill of ane lytle salmound, and twa schillings for the 
 taill of ane meikle salmound. " Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 
 13 Apr. 1638. V . Crumbe. 
 
 This is a peculiar and uncommon use of ouersee: the 
 usual meaning is to superintend. 
 
 To OUGHT, Oght, Ocht, v. a. To own, 
 to owe. V. AucHT. 
 
 OUNCELAND, s. V. Dict. 
 
 " The meaning of ounceland is that each subdivision 
 of that name paid to the Earl money or produce to the 
 value of one ounce of silver. The ounceland was 
 divided into eighteen parts, each of which had to pay 
 one penny, or the value of one penny, and hence was 
 called a Pennyland, a Id. land." 
 
 "It is very probable that the assessment by ounces 
 of silver was made by King Harold Fairhair on his 
 conquest of the Isles ; for it is told that in 902 the 
 Earl of Orkney was to pay no skat ; from which it is 
 to be understood that the Earl was to retain the whole 
 instead of one-third of the skat collected there : this 
 implies a skratt-skrd, assessment or valuation-roll." 
 Proceedings Antiq. Soc. Sc, 1883-4, pp. 258-9. 
 
 OUP, prep, and adv. Up : but mostly used 
 as a verbal prefix, as in oupbig, ouphald;. 
 oupset, etc. Still used in northern districts. 
 
 OUR-CROCE, adv. 
 Houlate, st. 27. 
 
 Across, crosswise ; 
 
 To OURDRIVE, Ourdryue, Ourdryff, 
 V. a. To resist, battle against, overcome ;. 
 Dunbar, Tabill of Confessioun, 1. 20. 
 
 To OUREBY, OuRBY. V. Overby. 
 
 OURELERIT, part. pt. Well instructed, 
 having full knowledge of, learned; Houlate, 
 St. 10, Bann. MS. V. Lare. 
 
 OURFRET, Ourfrete, Ouirfret, Ouir- 
 
 FnmT, part. pt. V. OUERFRETT. 
 
 To OURGAE, OuRGANG, v. a. To oversee, 
 superintend ; hence, to drive, oppress. Ad- 
 dit. to OURGAE, q.v. 
 
 OuRGANG, s. Oversight, superintendence. 
 Addit. to OuRGANG, q.v. 
 
 OuRGANGER, OuRGANG, s. Overseer, super- 
 intendent ; director of a band of workmen :. 
 familiarly called ^Hhe ourgang." 
 
 OURERE, OuRRERE. V. Orere. 
 
 To OURHAILL, Ourhile, v. a. V. Ouee- 
 
 HALE. 
 
OUR 
 
 [182] 
 
 OUT 
 
 OUKHAND, OuiRHAND, Ourhan', s. Up- 
 per-hand, superiority, mastery : " I'll hae the 
 ourhan' o' ye yet," I'll excel you by and bye. 
 
 Mot wyth his ene behald me hym befor, 
 In hie triumphe, with ourhand as victor. 
 
 Douglas, iii. 315, 16, Small, 
 I sail the send as victor with ouirhand. 
 To be maister and to maintene this land. 
 
 Ibid., 456, 40, Rudd. 
 
 To OURSOHROUD, v. a. To cover over, 
 wrap up, enfold ; part. pt. ourschroud, en- 
 shrouded ; " with body all ourschroud^" 
 Douglas, Virgil, 385, 23, Rudd. 
 
 OURSMAN, OuRisMAN, s. V. Oversman. 
 
 To OURSPINNER, Ourspynner, Ouer- 
 SPYNNER, V. n. To glide, fly, run, or bound 
 rapidly over or along : lit. to spin over. V. 
 Spynner. 
 
 The hirdis of hartis with ther heidis hie, 
 Ourspynnerand with swyf t cours the plane vaill. 
 Douglas, ii. 185, 1, Small. 
 
 OURWELTERAND, Ouerwelterand, 
 OuRW ALTER AND, part. pr. Tossing and 
 tumbling about; also, overturning, over- 
 throwing. V. Walter, Welter. 
 
 The rageand storm ourioalterand wally seis. 
 
 Douglas, iii. 74, 18, Small. 
 Woddis, heyi-dis, flokkis, catale, and men, 
 Our-ioelterand with hym in the deip glen. 
 
 Jbid., iv. 145, 32. 
 
 The prefix ouer, ouir, ouyr, as used by Douglas is a 
 monosyllable and pron. as our, which is the prevalent 
 form in the Elphinstoun MS. V". Small's ed. 
 
 To OUT, V. a. To vent, void, extrude. Addit. 
 
 to Out, q. V. 
 
 " . . ; and ilk ane of thaim [the heart, the liver, 
 and the brain], has his clengyng plas, quhar he may 
 out his superfluities and cleng him." — Ane Tretyse 
 agayne the Pestelens, MS. Adv. Lib. 
 
 OUTAK, OwTAK, Outtakand, Owttak- 
 
 AND, prep. Except. Addit. to Out-Tak. 
 
 OUTANCE, Outin, s. Same as Outing 
 q. V. 
 
 To OUT- A WE, V. a. To owe or be indebted 
 
 to. V. Inawn, Inawe. 
 
 "... and gives and commits to thame full power 
 to give up all debtt s bothe in-awing and out-awing to 
 him and he him to uthers." War Com. of Kirkcud- 
 bright, p. '71. 
 
 OUTBRECK, Outbrek, s. 1. A portion of 
 outfield or pastui'e-land newly broken up or 
 prepared for cultivation : also called " quoy- 
 land," q. v. Orkn. 
 
 "A quoyland or outbrek is ane peice of land newly 
 win without the dykes : " that is, a piece of land newly 
 improved and not yet enclosed. Peterkin's Rentals of 
 Orkney, No. ii., p. 2. 
 
 " If the quoy was near the Tun [i.e., farmstead], it 
 was sometimes called an Umbeset (Um-bm-settmmg, 
 N. ), an outlying homestead, an outset ; or an outbrek 
 
 (Ut-brekkr, N.), an outbrink (of the townland)." Pro- 
 ceedings Antiq. Soc. Sc, 1883-4, p. 256. V. Outset. 
 
 2. An outcrop ; as when a vein of coal or 
 
 other mineral appears on the surface of the 
 
 ground. 
 
 OUTBURGES, Outeburges, s. A bur- 
 gess residing outwith the bounds of the 
 burgh : Burgh Recs. freq. 
 
 OUTEN-TOUN, Outten-townes, Owtin- 
 
 TOWNES, adj. Lying or living outside the 
 
 burgh bounds, not belonging to the town ; 
 
 as, outen-toun lands, outten-townes burgess, 
 
 outen-touns multure. 
 
 These forms and meanings occur frequently in our 
 Burgh Eecords. Jamieson has presented the term as 
 a noun only. V. Dict. 
 
 Outen-townes Multure, s. Same as Out- 
 sucken Multure, q. v. ; Corshill Baron- 
 Court Book, p. 81, Ayr and Wigton Arch. 
 Coll., Vol. IV. 
 
 OUTGANGING, Outgangin, Outgang, 
 Outgan, Outgaun, s. Outgoing, removal; 
 the act of giving up possession of burghal 
 property. Addit. to Outganging, q.v. 
 
 Outgang is also used, like Outgait, with the meaning 
 outlet, passage, egress ; thus, " Every tenant man hae 
 ische and entry, outgang and ingang, to his haudin 
 (i.e., holding)." Outgang and ingang are common 
 terms in Holland. 
 
 OUTLAND, OuTLAN, adj. Outlying, lying 
 on the borders of a burgh; as, '' out Ian 
 merchis;" also, out of or beyond the bounds 
 of a burgh; as, ^^outland burgesses," i.e., 
 burgesses living outside the burgh. Burgh 
 Recs. Peebles, pp. 208, 217, 219, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Outlandemer, Outlandimer, Outland- 
 mer, s. An overseer of the outlands of a 
 burgh, i.e., the lands lying outside the burgh 
 bounds; also, the marches or bounds of 
 those lands ; Burgh Recs., Glasgow, I. 13, 
 Rec. Soc. V. Landimer. 
 
 This term occurs in various forms in our Burgh 
 Kecords. 
 
 Outlander, Outland, Outlan, s. An 
 alien, a stranger ; an incomer to a burgh or 
 parish ; also, one who lives beyond the 
 bounds of a burgh. Addit. to Outlan, q.v. 
 
 OUTLER, OuTLAiR, OuTLAR, s. and adj, 
 
 V. OUTLYER. 
 
 Stone dykes, marches, enclosures for cattle, etc. in 
 rural districts are generally built of outlers, gathered 
 from fields, burns, and streams. Addit. to Outlyeb. 
 
 OUTLIN, OOTLIN, OUTERLIN, OUTERLING, 
 
 s. The weakling of a brood or family; the 
 despised, neglected, or neer-do-weel member 
 
OUT 
 
 [183] 
 
 OYS 
 
 of a family, who is treated like an outsider; 
 
 West of S., Orkn. 
 
 Outlan, an alien, although sometimes written outlin 
 (V. DiCT. ), is a different word : it is short for outlander, 
 one come from or living beyond the bounds of a burgh 
 or parish. Outlin or outling (out with dim. suffix 
 ling), the one that is pushed or kept outside, the 
 weakest or least worth one. 
 
 To OUTEAY, OwTTRAYE, V. a. To injure, 
 defeat, destroy ; Awnt. Arth., 1. 310. Addit. 
 to OUTRAY, q. V. 
 
 OUTREDANCE, Outredding, s. Same 
 as Outred, s., q. v. 
 
 To OUTRIVE, OuTRiEVE, v. a. To tear up 
 plants, etc. by the roots, to clear land of 
 its growth ; also, to encroach upon and 
 break up pasture land for cultivation. 
 
 ". . . persued . . , for the sowme of sex 
 pond Scotis money for outrieving of bent land quhairof 
 David Harper got the profit." Corshill Baron-Court 
 Book, Ayr and Wigton Arch. Coll., iv. 138. 
 
 Icel. rlfa, to rive ; Sw. rifva, Dan. rive, to tear. 
 
 OUTSET, s. An addition made to a room 
 or building for the purpose of enlarge- 
 ment ; also, an out-house. Addit. to 
 Outset, q. v. V. Onset. 
 
 OUTSTOLLING, part. pt. For outstollen, 
 stolen or slipt away. 
 
 Strenth is away, outttolling lyk ane theif, 
 Quhilk keipit ay the thesaure of estait. 
 
 King Hart ; Douglas, i. 115, 13, Small. 
 Although this term has the form of a part, pr., its 
 structure and the sense of the passage indicate that it 
 is the part. pt. of outsteal. 
 
 A. -S. at, out, and stelan, to steal ; (pret. steel, part, 
 pt. stolen) ; Du. stelen, Icel. stela. 
 
 OUTTAKAND, Owttakand, par^. jor. as prep. 
 Excepting, except ; Burgh Recs. Peebles, 
 19 Jan. 1466, Rec. Soc. V. Outak. 
 
 OUT-TOLL, s. The act of giving up pos- 
 session of burghal property : also, the 
 payment made to the bailie who transfers 
 such property, by the party giving up 
 possession of it. V. In-Toll. 
 
 "In our older burgh usages, burghal subjects were 
 transferred by the bailie taking a penny for in-toll and 
 a penny for out-toll." Innes, Leg. Antiq., p. 91. 
 
 OUTUT, />7'(3p. Outwith. V. Outouth. 
 
 OVERLAIKE, Ovirlaike, s. Failure ; Rom. 
 Alexander, 1. 1861, 3102. 
 
 OVER-LEDDERIS, s.pl. Upper-leathers or 
 uppers of boots or shoes ; Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, L 176, Sp. C. 
 
 OVER-SEA, Ouir-Se, s. A name for the 
 
 Adriatic ; Douglas, Virgil, 245, 39, Rudd. ' 
 
 Lit. the upper sea : Lat. Mare Superum site Adriat' 
 icum. V. Rudd. Gloss. 
 
 OWER-ANENST, Ower-anens, Ower- 
 ANENT, prep, and adv. Over against, op- 
 posite to. 
 
 OWER-MICKLE, Owre-Mucexe, adj. and 
 adv. Overmuch, too much. 
 
 OWER-MONY, Owre-Mony, O'er-Mony, 
 adj. Too many : also, too-strong, not to 
 be resisted, as, " He's owre-mony for you." 
 
 Tibbie Fowler o' the Glen, 
 There's ower-mony wooing at her. 
 
 Songs Prior to Burns, p. 131. 
 
 OWER-NICE, OwRErNiOE, adj. Fastidious, 
 dainty ; also, shy, backward, as, " Dinna 
 be oiore-nice now, but mak' yersel at hame." 
 
 To OWERSE, OURSEE, v. a. To superin- 
 tend, manage ; also, to overlook, neglect, 
 pass over. V. [OuERSEXE], Ouersee. 
 
 OWIRTIRIVE, V. V. OuRTYRVE. 
 
 OWN, OwNE. The own, its own or peculiar. 
 
 '•. . euery Nation seruing it selfe with the oumt 
 vowstie deuise." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 4. 
 
 OWNE, s. An oven. V. OwYNE, OON. 
 
 To OWRESAIL, v. a. V. Oursyle. 
 
 To OWRSET, V. a. V. Ouerset. 
 
 OXINBOWYS, s. pi. Ox-yokes; Exch. 
 RoUs Scot., VII. 3. 
 
 Same as Oxinbollis in DiCT., and represents the com* 
 mon pron. V. Bow. 
 
 OXTERED, part. pt. Supported under the 
 arm : steadied or assisted in walking by 
 means of such support ; as, " He was 
 oxtered hame." 
 
 OYD-MAN, s. A pron. of Odisman, q. v. 
 Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 21 Jan. 1487-8. 
 
 OYE, s. Lit. an eye : pi. 07/es, openings for 
 
 light or windows in the walls of a house ; 
 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 1. 347. Rec. Soc. 
 
 0. Fr. oeil, an eye ; pi. yeux. In architecture loop- 
 holes in a wall are called oillets. V, Gloss. Terms in 
 Arch. 
 
 OYSE, s. An osier; also, osiers, willow 
 wands for wicker work, scrub cut from the 
 banks of a river ; Burgh Recs, Glasgow, 
 I. 303, Rec. Soc. 0. Fr. ozier. 
 
PAC 
 
 [184] 
 
 PAL 
 
 P. 
 
 To PACE, Pas, v. n. To pass, go, depart, 
 pass away, die; Kingis Quair, st. 22, 69. 
 
 PACK, s. An old Norse measure of quan- 
 tity formerly used in Orkney : is now 
 represented by the terms piece and roll. 
 
 A pack of wadmsel contained 10 gudlings, and each 
 gudling contained 6 cuttels or Scotch ells. 
 
 Throughout Zetland the cuttel was the fundamental 
 unit of length and of valuation ; and a cuttel of wad- 
 msel long bore a standard value of 6d. Scots. Six 
 cuttels were equal to an eyre or eire of valuation ; 
 twenty cuttels, to a sheep ; and six score, or a long- 
 hundred, to an ox. The value of the cuttel was raised 
 to two shillings by Earl Robert as a means of carrying 
 out his cruel exactions from the natives. V, Memorial 
 for Orkney, pp. 58, 114. 
 
 PAD ELL, Paidle, Peddle, «. Lit. a little 
 pad or pack : a small leathern bag, pouch, 
 or wallet used by packmen for holding 
 small-wares, odds and ends, etc., and gener- 
 ally carried inside their pack ; also, the 
 leathern pouch worn by country housewives 
 as a convenient receptacle for various odds 
 and ends required in their daily work. 
 Addit. to Padell, q. v. 
 
 Not explained by Jamieson ; but in a note he quotes 
 Sibbald's definition, which evidently refers to a pack- 
 man's padell, but is not quite correct. The padell 
 was not ' ' a bag or wallet containing a pedlar's wares " : 
 for it contained only a portion of them, and in most 
 cases a very small portion of them. It held only the 
 small-wares, odds and ends, etc. of his stock, and was 
 in reality one of the packages of his pack. The house- 
 wife's padell again was a flat leathern pouch, with one 
 or more pockets according to the fancy of the wearer 
 or the nature of her daily work. It hung by her right 
 side and was attached by bands fastened round her 
 waist. 
 
 PAIRN-MEAL, Pairns, s. The coarsest 
 
 kind of meal made from bran and siftings 
 
 of wheat. 
 
 Lit. paring-meal, parings, i.e., meal made from the 
 parings or castings of the grain. 
 
 PAIS, Pace, Pes, s. Weight, standard or 
 
 legal weight : to brek pace, to brek the pais, 
 
 to make or sell goods of light weight : to keip 
 
 the pace, to make or sell goods of standard 
 
 or statute weight. Addit. to Pace, q. v. 
 
 These phrases occur frequently in our Burgh Records 
 in connection with the Assize of Bread and in charges 
 against fraudulent bakers. 
 
 To Pais, Pace, v. a. To estimate the weight 
 of an article by poising it in the hand : 
 part. pr. paisan, paisin, paising ; South and 
 West of S. Addit. to Pais, v., q. v. 
 
 Paisand, Paysand, Pasand, adj. Weighty, 
 ponderous ; Douglas, III. 36, 9, Small. 
 
 PAITLAT, Paitlet, Paytlet, Paitlich, 
 Paitclaith, Paitclayth, s. a partlet: 
 a portion of female dress, forming an orna- 
 mental covering for the neck and throat. 
 One form of it was like a neckerchief, and 
 was called a paitclaith, corrupted into pait- 
 lich, and sometimes called 2, paitlich-gown. 
 
 The change of partlet into paitlet is somewhat 
 peculiar ; but we have a similar change in paitrick 
 from partrick, a partridge. V. Paitrick. 
 
 This term is not defined in DiCT., and Jamieson's 
 note regarding it is altogether misleading. Lord 
 Hailes' suggestion that it was "a woman's ruff" is so 
 far correct ; so also is the suggestion by Skinner that 
 it was "a napkin or neck-kerchief"; but both defin- 
 itions require explanation, and perhaps the following 
 will suffice. As the gowns of that period were more 
 or less open in front, sometimes even to the waist, some 
 sort of covering for the neck was necessary ; and both 
 the kind and form of this covering would be determined 
 by the circumstance and taste of the wearer, as well as 
 by the fashion of the day. And so there were partlets 
 or paitlets of the most costly materials, ruffed, frilled, 
 or otherwise ornamented, and others of plain material 
 and simple form : in some cases, indeed, it was merely 
 a neckerchief. Such, no doubt, was the paitlich-gown 
 bemoaned by the harvest -women when they were 
 driven from the field by an autumnal shower. (See 
 "The Hairst Rig," and the quotation from it given 
 under Paitlich.) 
 
 Planche describes the partlet as "a covering for the 
 neck and throat similar to what is now called a habit- 
 shirt"; and states that "it sometimes had sleeves 
 attached to it, and was made of stuff's of the most 
 valuable and delicate kind." British Costume, p. 264, 
 ed. 1874. 
 
 Partlet, dimin. of part, a part or portion, may have 
 been applied to this article of dress because it was one 
 of the smallest portions of the gown ; or because of its 
 manifold divisions when ruff"ed or frilled ; as it was 
 when first introduced. 
 
 PAITLE, Paittel, Paddle, s. and v. V. 
 
 Patill. 
 
 PAITRICK, Paitrek, s. A partridge. V. 
 Partrik. 
 
 'Twas ae night lately, in my fun, 
 
 I gaed a roving wi' the gun, 
 
 An' brought a paitrick to the grun, 
 
 A bonnie hen ; 
 And, as the twilight was begun 
 
 Thought nane v'ad ken. 
 Burns, Epistle to John Rankine, st. 7. 
 
 PALE, Pail, «. A paling ; Douglas, IV. 
 18.5, 24, ed. Small. V. Pailin. 
 
 PALE, Palle, s. Fine cloth. V. Pall. 
 
 Palwerk, s. Fine cloth, figured or bro- 
 caded; Awnt. Arthur, 1. 19. Addit. to 
 Palwerk, q. v. 
 
PAD 
 
 [185] 
 
 PAN 
 
 Lit. work in palle: Lat. pallium, Fr. palle, poile, 
 cloth of silk. 
 
 This term was left undefined by Jamieson, but in an 
 explanatory note he suggested a meaning which is mis- 
 leading. 
 
 PADYANE, Padgean, s. A pageant. V. 
 
 DiCT. 
 
 Home Tooke's explanation of E. pageant, quoted by 
 Jamieson, is a mistake. M. E. pagent orig. meant a 
 moveable scaffold made of wooden planks, a stage for 
 shows or on which plays were acted ; L. Lat. pagina, 
 a scaffold, from Lat. pagina, a page of a book, a plank 
 of wood. Named from pactus, fastened together (p. p. 
 of pangere). The term pagina afterwards denoted the 
 play itself, as may be seen in the Chester Mysteries, 
 ed. Wright, where the various plays or pageants are 
 entitled Pagina prima, . . Pagina secunda, . 
 etc. For an account of those scaffolds, see Sharp's 
 Coventry Mysteries, p. 17, and an interesting note in 
 Prompt. Parv., p. 377. 
 
 PAGE, s. A boy. V. DiCT. 
 
 Del. the last parag. of this entry. Home Tooke's 
 explanation is a mistake. 
 
 The etym. of this term is still disputed ; but the 
 general opinion is that Fr. page. Span, page. Port. 
 pagem, and Ital. paggio, have come from Lat. pagensis, 
 belonging to a village. V, Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 To PALL, V. a. Lit, to cause to lose 
 colour, fade, or grow pale : hence, to dull 
 or deaden, frighten, appal: "that doith my 
 witiis pall;" Kingis Quair, st. 18. 
 
 A contr. form of appal, which originally meant to 
 fade, grow pale ; and so even in M. E. The transitive 
 sense is comparatively modern. From 0. Fr. palle, 
 pasle, pale : whence pallir, paslir, and appalir, to wax 
 pale, to make pale. V. Cotgrave, Palsgrave, Burguy. 
 
 To PALL, V. 
 
 V. DiCT. 
 
 This is not a modification of E. paw, but the same 
 aa M. E. pallen, to strike ; see Gloss, to Piers Plowman, 
 ed. Skeat. 
 
 PALLACH, s. V. Pellack, Pollack. 
 PALL AT, s. V. DrcT. 
 
 Ruddiman's explanation of this term, quoted by 
 Jamieson, is far-fetched. No doubt paZfo< is sometimes 
 used in the sense of scull ; but prob. this is a secondary 
 sense of M. E. palet, from 0. Fr. palet, a sort of armour 
 for the head (Roquefort). See Way's note in Prompt. 
 Parv., p. 378. 
 
 PALM, Paum, Paume, s. Lit., the flat of 
 the hand : the blade of an oar, branch of a 
 tree, tine of an antler; Douglas, III. 295, 
 8, ed. Small. 
 
 Palmie, Palmer, Paumie, Pammie, s. V. 
 Pawmie. 
 
 M. E. and 0. Fr. paume, from Lat. palma, a palm- 
 tree. V. Palm in Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 PALPIS, s.pl Paps; Douglas, IL 18, 8, 
 ed. Small. 
 
 This ferm is due to a confusion of alp with aup ; see 
 [Pa upis]. 
 
 (Sup.) Z 
 
 PALSONE EVIN. V. Dict. 
 
 Palsone cannot possibly be for Passion, as suggested. 
 It represents a pron. of Palmsun, used for Palm Sun- 
 day, just as Whitsun is used for Whitsunday, 
 
 PALWERK, s. V. under Pale, Palle. 
 PAMPHIE, s. V. DiGT. 
 
 Johnson's explanation of this term is a mistake. It 
 is simply the Fr. pamphile, the usual name for the 
 knave of clubs ; see Littre's Fr. Dict. From Lat. 
 pam,philus, the name of a slave, 
 
 PAN, Pann, Panne, s. 1. A case, covering, 
 enclosure ; hern-pan, the brain-case, contr. 
 to pan, the scull, as used by Douglas, I. 104, 
 5, ed. Small. 
 
 2. A candelabrum or frame for candles, used 
 in lighting a church. 
 
 "Item, for twa stanis of candil to the pann in the 
 mydds of the kirk, and keeping of it, xxv s. iiij d." 
 Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, ii. 351, Rec. Soc, 
 
 * ' Item, for xviij fad dome of ane tow to the pann 
 xxviij s. " Ibid., p. 356. 
 
 This term is generally stated to be of Celtic origin : 
 of. Irish panna, Welsh pan. It occurs in A.-S. as 
 panne, a pan, a broad shallow vessel ; and in L. Lat. 
 as panna, a pan : prob. corr. of Lat. patina. V. 
 Skeat's Etym. Diet. This supposition is much 
 strengthened by the occurrence of L. Lat. paneta as a 
 variant of patina; see Sweet, Oldest Eng. Texts, p. 83, 
 1. 1489, also Ducange, s. v. 
 
 PANDIE, 8. V. Dict. 
 
 Not from Lat, pande, but a playful variation of 
 hand, as in the common nursery term handy -pandy. 
 
 PANE, s. 1. A piece of cloth suited for a 
 counterpane ; also, the quantity of material 
 required to make it. Addit. to Pane, s. 3, 
 q.v. 
 
 2. A package of furs containing a hundred 
 skins : used as synonymous with mantil 
 in the "Book of Customs and Valua- 
 tion of Merchandise " ; Halyburton's Led- 
 ger, p. 305. Addit. to Pane, q. v. 
 
 Besides, it sometimes means fur, sometimes a skin or 
 piece of fur : see quotations in Dict., also Gloss. Liber 
 Albus. Regarding the number of skins in a pane, see 
 under mantil in Gloss, to Accts. L. H. Treas., Scot., 
 vol. I., Dickson. 
 
 PANE, Payn, s. V. Dict. 
 
 This term is used to represent any kind or degree of 
 pain, grief, penalty, or suffering : hence, hut payn, 
 without trouble, easily ; a pane, with trouble, damage, 
 loss, disgrace, as in Douglas, i. 92, 8 ; in difficulty, 
 danger, disaster, at a pinch, as in Barbour, ix. 64 ; 
 through fear, or dread, or on account of difficulty or 
 danger, as in Barbour, ix. 89 ; with difficulty, hardly, 
 scarcely. 
 
 The phrase a payn is frequently printed as one word, 
 and under this form it was treated by Jamieson : hia 
 explanations, however, are not quite satisfactory, 
 
 PANFRAY, s. Errat, for paufray, a pron. 
 
 of palfray, a small riding horse. V. DiCT. 
 
 The version of the Burrow Lawes from which the 
 
PAN 
 
 [186] 
 
 PEA 
 
 quotation in the DiCT. is taken is evidently corrupt. 
 A better rendering of the passage is : — " Bot neuer 
 the less the best palfra fallis to the ayr." Ancient 
 Laws and Customs of the Burghs of Scotland, p. 171, 
 Rec. Soc. 
 
 PANS, Panse, Paunce, Paunsone, s. The 
 panzar or gambeson, a wadded and quilted 
 tunic sometimes worn instead of a hauberk. 
 Errat. in DiCT. V. Pans. 
 
 Prob. Jamieson's mistake arose through confounding 
 the pans or panzar with the polein. According to Sir 
 S. Meyrick the wamheys or gambeson was a wadded 
 and guilted tunic, made of leather and stuffed with 
 wool. It was worn as a defence by those who could 
 not afford a hauberk ; and by persons of distinction it 
 was sometimes worn under the hauberk, like a surcoat. 
 The Northmen, both Danes and Norwegians called it 
 a panzar or panzara, and for short panse or paunce, 
 which is frequently but improperly translated coat of 
 mail. V. Planche's British Costume, p. 91. 
 
 O. Fr. pance, "the panch, or the great belly of a 
 Doublet"; Cotgr. And panceron he renders "the 
 full-stuffed bellie of a doublet." 
 
 To PANSE, V. a. To think, meditate, plan ; 
 also, to look to, attend, dress, care for, as a 
 surgeon attends to a wound. V. Panst. 
 
 ". . . in euring and ^ajisiwg' Mathow Weiche of 
 ane vlcer in his fute thrie oulkis syne or thairby," etc. 
 Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, 12 April, 1587. 
 
 0. Fr. panser, to dress, attend, or look unto ; Cotgr. 
 Mod. Fr. penser. 
 
 To PARALL, V. a. To apparel, deck, adorn, 
 mount; Douglas, I. 87, 27; part. pr. par- 
 aling, used also as a s, 
 
 Paraling, s. a form of apparelling, prepara- 
 tion ; hence, fitting, mounting, of any kind. 
 Addit. to [Paraling], q. v. 
 
 See Peraling in DiCT., and Apparelling in Murray's 
 New Eng. Diet. 
 
 PAREGALE, adj. V. Dict. 
 
 The O. Fr. word is not peregal, as giren by Rudd. , 
 biit parigal, given by Roquefort and Burguy. The 
 latter, s. v. ewer, says it is derived from par and 4gal. 
 
 PARLASY, s. V. Perlasy. 
 To PARRIRE, V. n. V. Dict. 
 
 This is certainly the 0. Fr. parir, another form of 
 O. Fr. paroir, to appear, and has no connection with 
 Lat. parere, to obey. 
 
 Burguy gives the forms paroir, parir, parer, pareier, 
 to appear, to be visible, to show oneself. 
 
 PARSELL, s. Parsley. 
 
 " Petroselinum, parsell;" Duncan's Appendix Ety- 
 mologic, 1595, ed. Small, E. D. S. 
 
 To PART, V. n. To depart, leave ; Douglas, 
 II. 146, 72, ed. Small, Kingis Quair, st. 67 : 
 part. pt. partit, gone from, awaked, as, "new 
 partit out of slepe;" Kingis Quair, st. 2. 
 
 PARTIK, s. Short for Particate, q. v.: 
 Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 5 May, 1511, p. 
 42, Mait. C. 
 
 PASIT, adj. Heavy. V. under Pais. 
 
 PATILL, Paitle, Paittel, Paidle, Pad- 
 dle, s. A scraper. Addit. to Pattle. 
 
 To Patill, Patil, Paittel, Paidle, v. a. 
 To scrape or clean with a pattle : E. paddle. 
 
 "Item, for ane patill to patil the kirk with." Burgh 
 Recs. Edinburgh, ii. 351, Rec. Soc. 
 
 "Item, the xvday of Marche 1554, gevin to Thomas 
 Hallis servand for paittelling and deichting of all the 
 steppis of the tumgryss of the tolbuith, viij d." Ibid,, 
 p. 296. 
 
 PATRON, Pateone, s. A commander of a 
 small vessel; Douglas, Virgil, v. ch. 4: pi. 
 patrouns, Ibid., ch. 3. 
 Lat. patronus, a protector : from pater, a father. 
 
 PATTIE, s. A small pot : dimin. of pat. 
 West of S. 
 
 PAUMES, s. pi. Antlers. V. Palm. 
 
 PAUNSOME, s. Same as Pans, Panse, q. v. 
 
 PAVEAN, Paveen, adj. Pretentious, up- 
 setting, vain : lit., peacock-like. In Orkney 
 the pseudo-rich are called "■pavean bodies." 
 V. Paven. 
 
 Lat. p)avo, a peacock. 
 
 PAWN, s. Another form of Pand, Pan, 
 
 Pane, q. v. Addit. to Pawn, q. v. 
 
 Not Belgic, but French. "Pan, a pane, piece, or 
 pannell of a wall ; . . . also the skirt of a gown, 
 the pane of a hose ; " Cotgr. 
 
 PAXIS. s. pi. A corr. of packs, bundles; 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 436, Sp. 0. 
 
 PAY, s. Del. this entry in Dict. 
 
 Pay was a misprint for gay in the 1508 ed. of Gawan 
 and Gol. In Pinkerton's ed . the mistake was corrected ^ 
 but, as the alteration was made without explanation, 
 Jamieson rejected it and held by the earlier reading. 
 
 To PAYRE, V. a. To impair. V. Pair. 
 
 PAYSAND, Paysit, part, as adj. V. Pais, v. 
 
 Paysit, Pasit, part, as adj. Weighted, 
 loaded, heaped up, heavy; Douglas, III. 
 170, 7, IV. 108, 31, ed. Small. 
 
 PAYTLET, s. V. Paitlat. 
 
 PEACE OF A FAIR, s. The freedom and 
 security during the time of a fair, which 
 was assured by royal proclamation to all 
 persons attending the fair except traitor* 
 and miscreants ; also, the public notice, 
 declaration, or proclamation of said freedom 
 and security ; Burgh Recs. Glasgow, I. 88, 
 154. 
 
 On the evening preceding the opening of a fair the 
 town-ofl&cers by order of the magistrates gave public 
 notice of the event, and proclaimed the Peace of the 
 Fair to townsfolk and country-folk. Thi» was called 
 
PEA 
 
 [187] 
 
 PEI 
 
 "crying the peace of the fair," or simply '^crying the 
 fair." How this was done is detailed under To Cry a 
 Fair, q. v., and in the Glasgow Burgh Reca, referred 
 to above. 
 
 The old burghal law on which the proclamation is 
 based is entitled "Of stabillyng of the pece of fayris," 
 and runs thus : — 
 
 "This is the ordinans of the pece of fayris on this 
 halfe the wattir of Forth, that is to wyt, that fra the 
 pece of the fayr cryit thar sal na man be takyn na 
 attachyt wythin that ilke fayr bot gif he breke the 
 pece of the fayr towart it cumande or wythin it 
 duelland or fra thin passand, bot gif he war the kyngis 
 traytour, or gif he war suilke a mysdoar that gyrth of 
 haly kyrk aw nocht to saufFe hyni. And gif ony 
 suilke mysdoar be fundyn, or sic as has brokyn the 
 pece of the fayr, he sal be attachyt and sykerly kepyt 
 till the motis of that ilke fayr, and thare he aw for to 
 byde dome and lauch of the courte." Burgh Lawis, 
 oh. 86, Rec. See. 
 
 If the latter part of the enactment illustrates the 
 stem justice of our old Scot, laws, the following item 
 on the same subject is a fine example of its tender 
 mercy : — 
 
 "Gif ony man fyndis his bonde in the fayre the 
 quhilk is fra hym fled, quhil the pece of the fayr is 
 lestande he may nocht of lauch chase na tak hym." 
 Burgh Lawis, ch. 88, Rec. Soc. 
 
 This enactment carries us back to times when serf- 
 dom was a recognised and legal institution in our land. 
 
 PEAK, Peek, s. A very small quantity, a 
 mere pick ; as, " a peak o' licht, a peek o' 
 fire." 
 
 As generally used this is an intensive form of pick, a 
 small quantity. V. Dict. 
 
 Peakie, Peekie, adj. Petty. V. Pickie. 
 
 PEAKY, Peekie, s. One who knits woollen 
 caps, nightcaps, etc. : lit. one who works 
 with peakies, i.e. pricks or pointed wires. 
 Also called a peaky-worker, and the occupa- 
 tion is called " the peakies" Ayrs. 
 
 Gael, pic, Irish pice, a pike, spike. V. Pikestaff 
 and [Pickie] in Dict. 
 
 Ayrshire has long been noted for its woollen manu- 
 factures; and for at least a century its chief town, 
 Kilmarnock, has been specially noted for its woollen 
 caps, cowls, etc. The knitting of these articles was 
 done almost entirely by females, called peakies or 
 peaky-workers ; and only a few years ago there were in 
 Kilmarnock and the surrounding villages many thous- 
 ands of these knitters in constant employment. Now, 
 however, no such work can be got, and the occupation 
 of the peaky is completely gone ; for every variety of 
 knitted cap or bonnet is worked by machinery. 
 
 PECE, s. A form of pais, weight ; Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, I. 390. V. Pais. 
 
 To PECE, V. a. To appease. V. Peis, v. 
 
 PEC HER, Pechae, s. A pitcher, breaker. 
 
 This form of vessel was much more common long 
 ago than it is now. It was made of earthen- ware or 
 metal, in a great variety of shapes and sizes, from the 
 small pitcher that held the morning's milk and 
 evening's ale, to the large pitcher that held the house- 
 hold supply of spring or well-water, or the larger ones 
 in which the ale-wife kept a convenient supply of her 
 different kinds of ale '"fresh-draion" from the tun. 
 It was the ale in her pitchers, not in her tuns, which 
 
 the cunners or tasters examined when they came to 
 test the quality of her ale ; and they drew the samples 
 for themselves, as the following extract implies : — 
 
 ". . . and ane of the cunnaris sail fill a cop of 
 quhat pechar he plessis." Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 
 7 May, 1470, Mait. C. 
 
 C. Fr. pichier, ' ' a pitcher ; a Languedoc word ; " 
 Cotgr. : from L. Lat. bicarium, a wine-cup. Henc«, 
 pitcher and breaker are different forms of the same 
 word, derived from Gk. Mkos, an earthen wine-vessel. 
 
 PECK, Pek, s. a corr. of pack, a collection, 
 
 great number: as in ^^ a. peck o' lees," a pack 
 
 of lies ; " a peck o troubles," many troubles. 
 
 Pech is so used in various districts of Scot. ; and the 
 phrase, "a pek of lyiss," it found in the Burgh Recs. 
 Aberd., i. 159, Sp. C. 
 
 PEEL-GARLIC, Pill-Garlic, adj. and s. 
 Pale and thin, meagre, stunted, worthless, 
 miserable. 
 
 Our gentry's wee peel-garlic getts 
 Feed on bear meal an' sma' ale swats, 
 Wi' thin beef-tea, an' scours o' sauts, 
 
 To keep them pale ; 
 But aitmeal parritch straughts thy guts, 
 An' thick Scotch kail. 
 J. Ballantine, The Wee Rag git Laddie, st. 4. 
 The term is also used as a s., as in the phrase, "a 
 puir wee peel-garlic," which is not uncommon in the 
 West of S. It has various applications, but they all 
 imply a wan, sickly, wasted, or miserable appearance, 
 and consequently weakness or worthlessness. 
 
 Webster's Dict. gives peeled garlic as another form. 
 In this form it was an old joke. A man who had lost 
 his hair by disease was called a peeled garlic, from his 
 head having the smooth white look of garlic when 
 peeled. And this may be the origin of pill-garlic too. 
 Some of the applications of the term, however, imply 
 miserly, niggardly habits in the matter of food, and 
 insinuate that the person referred to is mean enough 
 to eat even his peelings of garlic. In this sense the 
 term has much the same force as skin-flint ; but as 
 generally used it refers to the appearance of a person, 
 and in a jocular way accounts for it. 
 
 PEELIE-WALLY, s. A name applied to a 
 
 tall, slender, sickly-looking young person; 
 
 also applied to a tall, slender plant or young 
 
 shoot. Also pron. speelie-waUy, West of S. 
 
 Prob. a compound of peelie, thin, meagre, and wally, 
 withered, sickly -looking. 
 
 PEEN, Pin, s. A pane : as, "a peen o' glass." 
 
 To PEEVER, V. n. To tremble. V. Piffeb, 
 Piver. 
 
 PEGANE, s. A corr. form of pageant: re- 
 presents the vulgar pron. ; Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, I. 449,"^ Sp. C. 
 
 To PEIGH, V. n. To pant. V. Pech. 
 
 "Anhelo, to peigh or pant;" Duncan's Appendix 
 Etymologic, 1595, ed. Small, E, D. S. 
 
 To PEIRE, Pere, v. n. To be on a par, to 
 
 equal, match, or mate : " to peire with," to 
 
 pair or compare with ; Kingis Quair, st. 
 
 110, ed. Skeat. V. Peir, s. 
 
 In this passage of the Kingis Quair the MS. has 
 
PEI 
 
 [188] 
 
 PIE 
 
 purerese or pererese, which is certainly a mistake, and 
 for which Prof. Skeat has suggested pefre. See his 
 Note, pp. 80-1. 
 
 PEIS, Pese, s. a vessel. V. Pece. 
 PEIS, s. Weight. V. under Pais. 
 PELE, s. V. DiCT. 
 
 From Lat. pila, a pillar, pile. See Peel in Supp. to 
 Skeat's Etym . Diet. 
 
 PENITION, Penitioun, s. Punishment, 
 penalty; Burgh Recs. Stirling, 28 April, 
 1547 ; penissione, Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 
 30 Jan. 1551-2, p. 62. 
 
 Lat. pcenitio, for punitio, punishment : from poena, 
 satisfaction for a crime, punishment. 
 
 PENNY. The maist penny, the most monej, 
 
 highest price, best advantage ; Burgh Recs. 
 
 Edinburgh, II. 1, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Similarly, the mair^penny means more money, higher 
 price, better advantage. To sell an article for the 
 maist penny is to sell it at its highest market price, or 
 to the highest bidder. To mak the maist penny of an 
 article was also used in the same sense. 
 
 Penny - Breid, s. The penny -loaf ; also, 
 
 penny-loaves, as in the phrase, "flour for 
 
 penny-hreidr 
 
 The term hreid is still used for loaf and loaves as 
 above. 
 
 Pennyworth, Penny-worth, s. Goods, 
 merchandise, saleable wares ; " to mak pay- 
 ment with penny or pennyworths^ i.e., with 
 money or goods equivalent, cash or in kind. 
 V. Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 433, Sp. C, 
 B. R. Stirling, p. 58. 
 
 GfOO^^ ^o\d^ in 'pennyworths, i.e., in small quantities, 
 by retail ; which is also expressed by in small, when 
 opposed to wholesale, which is ^^^ great. 
 
 PENSE, s. Thought, instruction, lesson ; 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, II. 102, Recs. 
 Soc. V. Pens, v. 
 
 PENURITIE, s. Penury, poverty ; Burgh 
 Recs. Glasgow, I. 153, Rec. Soc. Lat. 
 pe7iuria. 
 
 PERCAICE, Per-Cace, adv. Perchance, 
 Douglas, II. 15, 19, II. 243, 17, ed. Small. 
 Fr. cos, from Lat. casus, case, event, chance. 
 
 PERDURAND, adj. Lasting, enduring; 
 Douglas, I. 81, 6, ed. Small. 
 
 To PERJURNIE, Periurnie, v. n. To 
 travel throughout a district, to pass through ; 
 Burgh Recs!^ Edinburgh, III. 218, Rec. Soc. 
 
 PERK-TREES, Perk-Treis, s. pi. 1. The 
 poles in a green or garden for supporting 
 the perk or clothes-line. V. Perk. 
 
 2. Rough or unbarked poles from which green 
 or garden poles are made. 
 
 PERPRISE, Perpriss, Perprisioune, s. 
 Invasion of the rights of a superior, encroach- 
 ment on the ground of a neighbour ; Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, I. 401, Sp. C. O. Fr. per- 
 prison. V. Purprisione. 
 
 PERRYE, s. Precious stones ; Awnt. Arth., 
 1. 368. Addit. to Perre, q. v. 
 
 A coiT. of pierrery, from 0. Fr. pierrerie, jewels. 
 
 To PERTENE, Perteen, v. n. To pertain, 
 Kingis Quair, st. 107 ; part. pr. pertenand, 
 being by right the claimant, succeeding ; 
 Lyndsay, Papyngo, 1. 414. Lat. pertinere. 
 
 PERTLY, Pertli, adv. Openly : short for 
 Apertly, q. V. 
 
 PES, s. Weight. V. Pais. 
 
 PESE, s. V. Pece. 
 
 PETER, exclam. Marry! Short for ''by 
 St. Peter :^' a form of oath; Rauf Coil- 
 year, 11. 87, 304. See notes to Piers Plow- 
 man, C. viii. 182. 
 
 PEULDER, s. V. Pewder. 
 
 PEVYOHE, Pj:wech, adj. V. Peuage. 
 
 PEWDER, Pewdar, Peulder, s. Pewter ; 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, I. 83, 129, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Pewderar, Pewdrer. s. A pewterer. V. 
 Peutherer. 
 
 PEYCHTIS, s. pi. The Picts. V. Pechts. 
 
 PHILOMEL, Philomene, Phylomene, s. 
 
 The nightingale, Cherrie and Slae, st. 1, 
 Kingis Quair, st. 62, 110. 
 
 PIBROCH, s. V. DiCT. 
 
 "Pibrochs or airs " is an expression used by Smollett 
 in Humphrey Clinker ; see letter dated Sept. 3. Prob. 
 pibroch is merely a Gaelic formation from the E. word 
 pipe. 
 
 To PICK-FOAL. V. Dict. 
 
 This means simply to pitch, i.e., to cast a foal. It 
 has, therefore, no connection with Fr. piquer, as sug- 
 gested by Jamieson. 
 
 PICKIE, Peekie, Peakie, adj. Diminu- 
 tive, petty, insignificant, trifling : " The 
 bairn 's a puir, pickie, wee thing." West of 
 S., Orkn. V. [Pick, s.'] 
 
 The form peekie is not a mere variety of pronuncia- 
 tion : it is generally used as an intensive of pickie, and 
 applied to very small objects. 
 
 PIERRERY, Pierrerie, Pyerrery, s. 
 Precious stones, jewels. V. Perrye. 
 " She . . . had on a ryche coUer of p>yerrery. 
 
PIG 
 
 [189] 
 
 PLO 
 
 . . . His churte was bordered of fyne pierrei'y and 
 pearls." Marriage of James IV. and Margaret of Eng- 
 land, Leland's Collect., iv. 300. 
 
 0. Fr. pierrerie, jewels, precious stones. 
 
 To PIGNORATE, v. a. To pawn, pledge ; 
 part. pt. 2'>ig'^orat, taken or put in pawn ; 
 Corshill Baron-Oourt Book, Ayr and Wig- 
 ton Arch. Coll., IV. 115. 
 
 Lat. pignorare, to pawn, pledge ; from pignus, a 
 pledge. 
 
 PILE, Pyle, s. A small quantity ; a wee 
 pile, a very small quantity ; West of S. 
 Addit. to Pile, Pyle. 
 
 A.-S. pil, from Lat. pila, a pile, pillar. 
 PILL-GARLIC, adj. and s. V. Peel-Garlic. 
 
 PINTO, s. A wooden pin or lever for turn- 
 ing a weaver's beam. West of S. 
 
 To PIPE, V. n. To blow, rush, or whistle as 
 a rising wind. 
 
 Scars this wes said, quhen evin at our desyre. 
 The sesonable air pipis vp fair and schire. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, iii. eh. 8, ed. Small. 
 
 This word is still in use. In the West of S. it is a 
 common saying when the wind is rising, "Hear how 
 x\i\pipin i' the lum-tap." It occurs also in various 
 nautical terms. 
 
 PISTOLATE, PiSTOLET, s. A pistol; 
 Burgh Recs. Stirling, p. 56. 
 
 PITTEN, i:>art. pt. Put: a pron. of putten. 
 V. under Put. 
 
 To PIVER, Peifer, Peever, v. n. To 
 tremble, shake, quiver, as with fear or cold, 
 or like an aged person. Addit. to Piffer, 
 q.v. 
 
 In the West and South of S. peever and peifer are 
 used : in Orkney, piver, as in the following passage 
 descriptive of the fear of a jailor while setting a prisoner 
 free from the jougs. 
 
 " Patie was unco sweer tae rise ; and sweer was he 
 tae tak the lock aff o' the hass-iron : for he wus terrably 
 jubish o' Brockie's muckle fit. For ye see hid was 
 t'ought a muckle smolie on ony aen wha wus jogged, 
 gin he deud no' kick the offisher whin he teuk him 
 cot." However, "Patie pat on the key, bit his ban's 
 pivered wi' faer a' the time. Trath, a' the time he sat 
 he wus piveran' like a paedle on a plate. " Orcadian 
 Sketch Book, p. 33. 
 
 Piver is merely a variant of biver ; from A. -S., hijian, 
 to shake, cognate with Ger. heben. 
 
 PLAGUES, s. pi Playthings. V. Plaig, 
 Playokis. 
 
 "Crepundia, baimes wZaorHes;" Duncan, App. Etvm., 
 1595, ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 PLAIT-LOCK, s. A form of lock in which 
 the works are fitted on a thin iron plate ; 
 Burgh Recs. Peebles, p. 389, Rec. Soc. 
 
 PLAT, s. Short for platform, and old word 
 for a ground-plan ; hence, a plan generally, 
 a plot. Addit. to Plat, q. v. 
 
 PLATES, Platis, Plaitis, s. pi. Tablets, 
 memorandum or note book ; so called, be- 
 cause they consisted of two or more thin 
 plates of metal attached in the form of a 
 book. They were of various shapes and 
 sizes. 
 
 '* . . . that standis writin in this lytill by 11 with 
 Master Jon Baryis hand befor Master Jon Bary and 
 Jon Cant in Jon Vakeris hous on the platis or he deit." 
 Halyburton's Ledger, p. 51. 
 
 PLAYFOOL, s. A jester, merry-andrew. 
 
 "Morio, a pleasand or playfool ;" Duncan, App. 
 Etym., 1595, ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 PLEASAND, s. A jester, merry-andrew. 
 
 "Morio, a pleasand or playfool ; " Duncan, App. 
 Etym., 1595, ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 PLEBAN, Plebane, s. The parson of a 
 mother church which had other churches 
 or chapels dependent on it. His authority 
 was somewhat similar to that of a rural 
 dean. L. Lat. plehaniis. 
 
 "The said Gylbert constitut the saidis plebane, 
 curat, and chaplanis and thair successoris to be kepp- 
 aris to the archidenis place." Burgh Pecs. Peebles, p. 
 189, Rec. Soc. 
 
 To PLENE, Plein, Pleyne, v. n. To com- 
 plain, Douglas, II. 34, 14, ed. Small, Kingis 
 Quair, st. 70, 90, 91. V. Plenye. 
 
 These are contracted forms of plenye, plainyie. 
 Douglas uses both plene and plenye ; the Kingis Quair 
 has pleyne. 
 
 PLET, s. A plait, a fold ; hence, a lappet, a 
 
 rag. 
 
 "Lacinia, a plet, or rag;" Duncan, App. Etym,, 
 1595, ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 PLET, Plett, part. pt. Short for plettit, 
 rooved, rivetted ; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 1. 
 36, Recs. Soc. V. Plet, v. 
 
 PLEYABLE, adj. V. Dict. 
 
 This simply means plea-able, and has no connection 
 with A. -S. pleo, pleoh, plioh, danger. It is not from 
 Fr. plaider, to plead, but from 0. Fr. plai, a plea, short 
 for plait, which is from Lat. placitum, as Jamieson re- 
 marks under Pley, s. 2. 
 
 PLONKET, Plonkette, Plunket, s. A 
 coarse woollen cloth : plunket in Halliwell's 
 Dict. 
 
 Hir belle was of plonkette with birdis full baulde 
 Botonede with besantes and bokellede full bene 
 
 Arout. Arth., 1. 366. 
 
 "Belle," a mantle. 
 
 The Douce MS. reads bhmket. 
 
 These forms are prob. mere varieties of blanket, 0. 
 Fr. blanket, dimin. of blanc, white, from O. H. Ger. 
 blanch, planch, white. V. Skeat's Etym. Dict. 
 
 To PLO OK, Plouk, v. a. To pluck, pick 
 or pull out ; to withdraw smartly or with 
 force : another form is pooh, q. v. E. pluck. 
 West of S. 
 
PLO 
 
 [190] 
 
 POR 
 
 To PLOOK, Plouk, Pluke, v. a. To set 
 the plook or measure-knob on a vessel used 
 as a measure of liquids : part. pr. ploukingy 
 part. Tpt. ploukit. Cf. E.plug. V. Pluke, s. 
 
 " . . ordanis the tounscliip to be warnit to bryng 
 thair stoupis to be maid and mesourit . . . and 
 ordanis the craftisman to have for ilk pund wecht of 
 pewder working vi. d., and for the only plouhyng of 
 vtheris iiij. d., and the treyn stoipis to he ploukit and 
 raerkit lykwys." Burgh Recs. Glasgow, i, 83, E,ec. 
 Soc. 
 
 In 1599 the magistrates of Stirling issued the follow- 
 ing instructions for plooking the pewter measures used 
 in that burgh. 
 
 ' ' The counsall hes eondiscendit and gewin expres 
 command to Robert Robertsone, peudrar, being present 
 at counsall, that all stoupis, sic as quartis, pyntis, 
 chopines, to be maid be him heireftir, sal be agriabill 
 in mesour to the jug and stampit with the townis 
 stamp, and that the pluik be benethe the mouth of ilk 
 stoup as followis, to wit, of the quart stoup and pynt 
 stoup ane inche, and of ilk chopein stoup half ane inch, 
 and that he present the stamp to the counsall yeirlie. " 
 Burgh Recs. Stirling, pp. 92-3, 
 
 Plookit, Plukkit, part, and adj. Same as 
 
 plukie, covered with pimples ov plukes ; also 
 
 a contr. of plakie-faced, fierj-faced, as in 
 
 " Pluto that plukkit duke," Douglas, Virgil, 
 
 vi. prol. 
 
 PLOY, s. V. DicT. 
 
 The etym. suggested for this word is certainly wrong. 
 In all senses the term is French ; from 0. Fr. ploit, a 
 variant of plait, a plea, which is from Lat. placitum ; 
 see plait in Burguy. V. under Pley, s. 2. 
 
 PLUMROSE, s. A corr. of primrose. West 
 of S. 
 
 PLYCHT, s. Danger, obhgation, liability ; 
 to have plycht, to run risk, be made respon- 
 sible or held liable, suffer punishment, pay 
 the penalty, Addit. to Plycht, q. v. 
 
 Not defined in DiCT. ; but the correct meaning is 
 suggested. The term here used is quite diflPerent from 
 plight, M, E. plite, meaning state or condition: it is 
 related to E. plight, to pledge, as in " to plight troth ;" 
 and is the M. E. pliht, danger, also engagement, from 
 A. -S. pUM, danger, obligation. See Supp. to Skeat's 
 Etym. Diet. 
 
 POACHER-COURT, s. A nickname for 
 the Kirk-Session ; Burns, Ep. to Rankine. 
 
 PODDASWAY, s. A corr. of paduasoy, i.e. 
 
 Padua silk. Addit. to Poddosway, q. v. 
 
 Delete the last para, of the entry in DicT. The ex- 
 planation is a mistake. 
 
 "To POIL, V. a. To poll, clip, or shear. 
 
 "Tondeo, to clip, to poil ;" Duncan, App. Etym., 
 1595, ed. SmaU, E.D.S. 
 
 To POIND, V. a. V. DiCT. 
 
 The etym. suggested for this word is altogether mis- 
 leading. Poind is simply the A.-S. pyndan, to im- 
 pound, from A.-S. j)Lmd, a pound, fold ; and it has no 
 connection with Germ, pfand. Besides, Jamieson re- 
 verses the order in deriving the sb. from the verb. See 
 under Poundlaw. 
 
 POINT, PoYNT, s. In poynt, on the point 
 of ; Kingis Quair, st. 168, ed. Skeat. 
 Addit. to Point, q. v. 
 
 PoiNTMENT, PoYNTMENT, s. Appointment, 
 Douglas, II. 100, 10, ed. Small. 
 
 POLEMUS, s. Prob. a mistake for poleinisj 
 poleyns, long-pointed toes, shoes with long, 
 sharp, or turned-up toes ; also called poul- 
 aines; Awnt. Arthur, 1. 385, MS. Douce. 
 
 V. PULLAINE. 
 
 These poleyns must not be confounded with the small 
 plates of iron or steel worn on the shoulders of chain 
 mail, and hence called epauliires or poleyns: see 
 Planch^, British Costume, p. 104. They answer to the 
 L. Lat. polenae, poulaines or poleyns, cited by Jamie- 
 son under Pullaine, q. v. Properly, they were long- 
 pointed toes which were fitted to shoes or boots, and 
 imitated in armour ; but the name was also given to 
 shoes that were sharp-pointed, peaked, or turned up 
 at the toes. 
 
 In the early part of the reign of Ed. IV. "almost 
 all, especially in the courts of princes, had points at 
 the toes of their shoes a quarter of an ell long and up- 
 wards, which they now caXled poulaines ; " see Planche, 
 Brit. Costume, p. 218. They were restrained by Ed. 
 IV., but not wholly laid aside till the reign of Hen. 
 VIII. 
 
 POLK, s. V. DicT. 
 
 Polk is for pokk, a mode of writing potik, a pouch. 
 In MSS. kk is frequently found written as Ik ; this was 
 a device of the scribe to secure ease and speed in 
 writing. See under Rolk. 
 
 Sometimes also I was written for u, and was not 
 sounded as I consonant. 
 
 POLLAC, Pollock, Powan, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Regarding these names being applied to different 
 fishes. Prof. Skeat suggests, "If, as is probable, all 
 these forms are from poll, the head, as signifying a 
 large-headed fish, this will account for the vague use 
 of the names." 
 
 In Webster's Dict. pollock means a whiting. The 
 Welsh for a whiting is gwyniad, not gwiniad, as Jamie- 
 son has given it. 
 
 PONES, s. Same as Pounce, q. v. 
 POOPIT, POWPYTT, s. V. Pupit. 
 
 To POOR, V. a. To impoverish ; pret. and 
 
 part. pt. poored, pourit, powrit. 
 
 Till drink and dice have poored him to the pin. 
 
 Priests of Peebles. 
 
 PORCIUNKLE, s. A small portion, pen- 
 dicle ; Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 7 May, 1470, 
 p. 2, 4, Mait. C. Jja-t. portiuncula. 
 
 PORPAPYNE, s. Porcupine; Kingis Quair, 
 St. 155. 
 
 Called by Henryson the " pennit porciipyne," Pari, 
 of Beistis, 1. 109; and in Kingis Quair, "the werely 
 porpapyne," the warlike porcurpine, in allusion to its 
 fabled power of loosening its quills and darting them 
 at its pursuers. 
 
 Other E. forms of this word aieporpin ior porkepin, 
 and sometimes porpentine. 
 
 O. Fr. pore espin, the prickle-pig : from Lat. porcus, 
 a pig, and spina, a thorn. V. Skeat's Etym. Dict. 
 
POR 
 
 [191] 
 
 PRE 
 
 PORPEN, s. A partition : a corr. of par- 
 pane, q. v. : ane porpen wall, a partition 
 wall, Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, II. 297. 
 
 PORTAGE, s. Travellers' baggage, the 
 personal luggage which a passenger is al- 
 lowed to take on board a vessel. Addit. to 
 Portage. 
 
 PORTATIVES, PoRTATiuis, Portatifis, «. 
 A small portable organ formerly used in 
 public processions ; Douglas, I. 20, 23, ed. 
 Small, Houlate, 1. 765. 
 
 Given as Portatibus in DiCT., but not explained. 
 In the Bann. MS. of the Houlate, the word is certainly 
 indistinct, but appears to have been originally portatifis: 
 in the Asloan MS. it is clearly portatiuis, and in the 
 Palice of Honour, Small's ed., it is portatiues. 
 
 This musical instrument was a small organ fitted to 
 be borne about upon a man's back, and to be set down 
 upon a stool when required for use. The carrier then 
 blew the bellows while the performer played. 
 
 PORTOUNS, PoRTOus, s. V. Dict. 
 
 The modern form of this term is portesse. In M. E. 
 portous, porthors, from 0. Fr. portehors (from porter, 
 to carry, and hors, forth), a translation of the Latin 
 name portiforium, formed from Lat. portare, to carry, 
 foris, abroad. See Portesse in Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 POST AND PAN, Poist and Pan. Lit. 
 post and tie, or posts and binders : the name 
 given to an old style of building a house. 
 The walls were formed of upright posts tied 
 with pans or cross pieces of timber ; and this 
 framework was filled up with stones and 
 black mortar, i.e., clay or mud. 
 
 The "auld clay biggin" mentioned by Burns (Vision, 
 st. 2), was so constructed ; and specimens of the style 
 may still be seen in some of our rural villages. Post- 
 and-pan building was common in Eng. also in olden 
 times ; and specimens of it may still be seen in old 
 towns like Shrewsbury, Ludlow, &c. 
 
 ", . . the letter of deikinheid grantit to the 
 wrychtis this daye sail nocht prejuge or hurte ony 
 vtheris that presintlie workis bothe masone craft and 
 wrycht craft, and sic as biggis with poist and pan and 
 layes with blak morter." Burgh Recs. Glasgow, i. 
 206, Rec. Soc. 
 
 From Fr. panne ; see under Pawns in Dict. 
 
 POSTIE, s. Power. V. Pouste. 
 POT, Pott, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Pot, in the sense of a pit, a pond, like A. -S. pyt, E. 
 pit, is from Lat. puteiis. 
 
 To POT, Pott, v. a. To pit, trench, or 
 mark off by furrow, as in boundaries of 
 land ; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, II. 129, 
 Sp. C: to plant or set in a pit, as in potting 
 march stones : also, to pit and cover, as in 
 potting or pitting potatoes, in order to pre- 
 serve them during winter. V. Pot, s. 
 
 To POURE, V. n. To pore, gaze, look in- 
 tently; '"prye and pouref' Kingis Quair, 
 St. 72. 
 
 Swed. dial, para, pura, to work slowly and gradually, 
 to do anything slowly ; Rietz. Dutch porren, to poke. 
 
 POUT, s. The sound made by a pout or 
 chicken, a cheep : to play pout, to make the 
 least sound, to utter a word. West and 
 South of S. 
 
 POVERT, PouERT, s. Poverty; Kingis 
 Quair, st. 3, 5. V. [Pouer, adj.'] 
 
 POW-AIX, Pow-AX, s. A pole-axe; Pit- 
 cairn's Grim. Trials, II. 432 ; Burgh Recs. 
 Prestwick, p. 66, Mait. C. 
 
 The earlier E. form of this word was pollax, which 
 occurs in Chaucer's Cant. Tales, and is prob. derived 
 from the 0. Low. Ger. pollexe, from poll, the head, and 
 exe, an axe. With this the Scot, pow-aix certainly 
 agrees. V. under Poll in Skeat's Etym. Dict. 
 
 PO WRIT, part. Impoverished. V. Poor. 
 
 PRACTIK, adj. Practical, laborious, requi- 
 ring skill and application. 
 
 Traist wele, to follow ane fixt sentence or mater, 
 Is mair practik, difficill, and mair strater, — 
 Thau for to write all ways at libertie. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, Bk. i. prol. . 
 
 For the various uses of this term as a s. , see under 
 Prattik. 
 
 PRAME, s. A frame, hulk, sidework ; Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, I. 142, Sp. C. 
 
 PRECAT, Preccat, s. V. Pricket. 
 
 To PREJUDGE, Prejuge, v. a. To pre- 
 judice, damage, injure ; pret. and part. pt. 
 prejudget, Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, II. 327, 
 Sp. C. 
 
 " . . . the letter of deikinheid grantit to the 
 wrychtis sail nocht prejuge or hurte ony vtheris." 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, i. 206, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Lat. prcejudicare, to be prejudicial, injurious, or 
 hurtful. 
 
 PRENTISSHED, 5. Apprenticeship; Kingis 
 Quair, st. 185. 
 
 PRESENT, part. pt. Presented, brought,. 
 
 offered. 
 
 " . . . and at the fals stuff be present to the pro- 
 vest, baillies, and counsale." Burgh Recs, Edinburgh, 
 22 Aug., 1533, Rec. Soc. 
 
 PRESTLY, Pristly, adv. Promptly, im- 
 mediately. V. Prest. 
 
 To PRESUME, V. a. To assume, pretend, 
 make show of. O. F. presumer. 
 
 Sum knew hir weill, and sum had na knawledge 
 
 Of hir, becaus scho was sa deformait 
 With bylis blak ovirspred in hir visage, 
 
 And hir fair colour faidit and alterait ; 
 
 Yit th&Y presumit for hir hie regrait, 
 And still murning scho was of nobill kin. 
 With better will thairfoir thay tuik hir in. 
 
 Henryson, Test. Cresseid, 1. 397. 
 
 To PRETEND, v. a. Lit. to stretch forth, 
 spread out; to set forth or state, as an 
 
PRE 
 
 [192] 
 
 PRO 
 
 argument, to arrange in order ; to plan, in- 
 tend, purpose; also, to portend, presage; 
 Douglas, III., 300, 17, Small. 
 
 "My Lord of Arrane with soe many horsemen past 
 fordward to follow the Frenchmen, pretending, that if 
 they had seen sufficient occasion, to have niidled with 
 them." Hist. Estate of Scotland, p. 81, Wodrow Soc. 
 Misc. 
 
 PREVAGELY, adv. Carelessly, slovenly, 
 untidily ; Douglas, III. 28, 18, ed. Small. 
 V. Pevagely. 
 
 Rudd. ed. of Douglas' Virgil reads peuagely. Prob. 
 from Lat. pervagus, from pervagari, to ramble about, 
 straggle. 
 
 PRICK, Prike, s. Contr. for Pricket, q. v. 
 
 A.-S. pricu, prica, a prick, point, dot ; Dan. prik, 
 Swed. prick, a dot, mark. 
 
 Prick, Prik, adj. Pointed, erect, upright, 
 as in prick-ear' d. 
 
 With als feill mouthis carpis scho and beris, 
 Als mony has scho jyrik wpstandand eris. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, iv. eh. 5, 1. 20. 
 
 Pricket, Priket, Prycat, Prekat, 
 Prekit, Prekyt, s. Candle or taper 
 holder, fitted with a spike, or spikes, on 
 which the taper was fixed ; Burgh Records 
 Aberdeen, I. 75. Also, wax-tapers adapted 
 for such holders ; Accts., L. H. Treas., I. 
 200 ; and in the pi. applied to a pann or 
 frame for lights suspended in a church. 
 The contr. form prick, prike, is also used ; 
 Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, II. 354, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Prickit- witch, Prickat-wiche, s. a tested 
 and proven witch ; Burgh Recs. Stirling, 
 p. 86. 
 
 Suspected witches were tested by pricking ; for a 
 real witch was believed to bear on her body the witch- 
 mark which was insensible. And the purpose of this 
 pricking was, as James VI. explains, " the finding of 
 ■the marke, and trying the insensibleness thereof." 
 
 The witch-mark is described as " sometimes like a 
 little teate ; sometimes like a blewish spot ; and I my- 
 self have seen it in the body of a confessing witch like 
 a little powder mark of a blea colour, somewhat hard, 
 and withal insensible, so as it did not bleed when I 
 pricked it." See Brand's Pop. Antiquities, p. 591, ed. 
 1877. 
 
 Prik-Merkis, s. pi. The butts or targets 
 
 used for archery ; properly, marks to shoot 
 
 arrows at. 
 
 Rods or wands were generally used for this purpose, 
 hence the term prick-wand. V. Halliwell's Diet. 
 
 PRIME, Pryme, s. The first hour of day, 
 or the first division of the day ; Kingis 
 Quair, st. 171. 
 
 PRISE, Pryse, 8. A screw-press. Addit. 
 to Prise, q. v. 
 
 "Item, SkXie pryse with ane turning staf." Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, i. 176, Sp. C. 
 
 To PRISE, V. a. To value, estimate, ap- 
 praise ; part, pt. prisit, appraised, Accts. L. 
 H. Treas., I. 200, Dickson, 
 O. Fr. priser, to esteem ; from O. Fr. pris, price. 
 
 PRISE, Prys, Pryse, s. Lit. taken, cap- 
 tured ; a hunter's call ; the note of the horn 
 blown when the deer is killed ; Gaw. Ro- 
 mances. 
 Fr. pris, prise, part. pt. of prendre, to take, seize. 
 
 To Prise, v. a. Short for apprise, to 
 adjudge goods or property as security for 
 debt ; part. pt. prisit ; Accts. L, H. Treas., 
 I., 315, Dickson. 
 
 To PRIVE, Priue, v. a. To deprive, rob ; 
 pret. privit ; part. pa. private. 
 
 " . . . provest, baillies, counsale, greitt dossane, 
 • and deikynis thinkis expedient that he be private of 
 his fredome for euir, quhill he recover it again at the 
 townis hand," etc. Burgh Recs. Edin., 24 May, 1492. 
 Lat. privare, to bereave ; from privus, single, separ- 
 ated. 
 
 PROCESS, Processe, s. Procedure, proper 
 means or method, as in the phrase, " be 
 process of law"; also in Kingis Quair, st. 
 1 14 ; course and sequence of events or 
 things. Ibid., st. 127 ; be processe, in course 
 of time, in due time, and so in st. 143, 192 ; 
 also, as a law term it is applied to the docu- 
 ments or proceedings in a suit. 
 
 PROFIT, Proffitt, s. Interest drawn or 
 paid for the use of money. 
 
 " . . . and ordanis the sowme of ane hundred 
 merkis to be vpliftit vpon proffitt be the thesaurer," 
 i. e. , to be borrowed at current interest. Burgh Bees. 
 Aberdeen, II. 234, Sp. C. 
 
 ". . . the soume of ane hundred merkis borrowit 
 be the toune . . . and to pay the soume of four 
 pundis for the proffitt of the said soume for the half- 
 yeir past." Ibid., p. 256. 
 
 O. Fr. profit, from Lat. pro/ectus, advanced, made 
 profitable. 
 
 PROGNE, Proigne, s. A poetical name 
 for the swallow ; Cherrie and Slae, st. 1. 
 Kingis Quair, st. 55. 
 
 Regarding Progne, who was turned into a swallow, 
 see the sixth book of Ovid's Metamorphoses, or the 
 Legend of Philomena as told by Chaucer in his Legend 
 of Good Women. 
 
 To PRONYE, V. a. To deck, trim. V. 
 Proyne. 
 
 PROTHOGALL, s. Protocol : a notary's 
 book in which he entered drafts or abstracts 
 of the instruments drawn by him ; Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, II. 182 ; and in p. 180, 
 prothocall. 
 
PRO 
 
 [193] 
 
 PYK 
 
 PROTY, Protty, adj. V. Dict. 
 
 Proty is simply a variety of pratty, an old form of 
 pretty ; and it has no connection with Su.-Gr. prud, 
 which is E. proud. 
 
 PROVIDIT, adj. Arranged, planned, pre- 
 meditated. 
 
 "... the greit ^romc?i< slauchteris, oppressiones, 
 and skaithis done to ws." Burgh Recs. Peebles, 4 
 Oct., 1562, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Lat. providus, providing for, planning. 
 
 PROWDE, adj. and s. V. Dict. 
 
 Merely the E. proud, M. E. prud, from A.-S. pnit. 
 
 PRYSE, s. V. Prise, Prise. 
 
 PUITTERNELL, s. A corr. of Putter- 
 ling, q. v.; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, II. 
 224, 225. 
 
 PUMPHAL, s. V. Dict. 
 
 This is merely a corr. of M. E. pan/old, pundfold, 
 i.e. pound-fold, usually ^m/oW. V. Fund. 
 
 To PUND, V. a. To pound, impound ; pret. 
 and part, pt., pundit ; Burgh Recs. Stirling, 
 p. 72. V. Poind, Pund. 
 
 PcNDiNG, PuNDYNG, s. Poinding, pound- 
 ing, arresting; Burgh Recs. Abeedeen, I. 
 380. V. Poind, v., and Pund, s. 
 
 PUNSES, PuNSYS, s. pi. The three fore- 
 toes, with the claws, of a bird of prey. 
 
 . . .... Jovis byg fowle, the em, 
 
 With hir Strang tallonys and hiv punsys stern. 
 
 Douglas, iv. 197, 6, ed. Small. 
 Rendered talons in Gloss ; but the talon is properly 
 the hind-clsLW of the bird, as we read in the Book of 
 St. Albans, fol. 8, "The grete clees [claws] behynde, 
 ... ye shall call hem [them] Talons. The clees 
 with-m the fote ye shall call . . . Pawnees." The 
 latter term, however, has become obsolete, and talons 
 is now applied to all the claws alike ; see Skeat's Etym. 
 Diet., and Supp. under Talon. Punses has come from 
 Lat. picmttis, pp. oi pungere, to pierce. 
 
 PUPIT, POOPIT, POWPEIT, POWPYTT, S. 
 
 Pulpit : represents the vulgar pron. of the 
 word; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 160, Sp. 
 C, Burgh Recs. Stirling, p. 42. 
 
 To PURFLE, PURFEL, PURFILE, V. a. A 
 
 term in sewing, implying to make the one 
 edge of a seam spread or fill out over the 
 other : hence, to ornament, deck, or adorn 
 with trimmings, edging, or embroidery ; to 
 lay or fix the hem of a gown, etc. ; to attach 
 a trimming of ermine, sable, etc. 
 
 PuRFLE, PURFEL, PuRFELING, PuRFLING, 
 s. Trimming, edging, or embroidery; the 
 edge or trimming of a gown, the filling out 
 of a seam : a trimming of ermine, etc. 
 
 0. Fr. pourjikr, to purfle, overcast: pourfileure, 
 pourjilure, purfling, overcasting. 
 (Sup.) A 2 
 
 PURIS, PuRYS, s. pi. The poor, paupers. 
 
 " . . . so sustene the haill pure of all occupa- 
 tiounis within this burgh, sic as craftismen, . . . 
 vpoun thair awin proper chargis fra this day furth, sua 
 that the gude toun nor nane resortand thairto sail be 
 trublit with thair puris." Burgh Recs. Glasgow, i. 
 395. 
 
 PURPRESION, PuRPRESTURE, s. A feudal 
 casualty of forfeiture or fine for encroach- 
 ment on the highways or commonties be- 
 longing to the overlord or superior. Addit. 
 
 to JPURPRISIONE, q. v. 
 
 PURSE-MAISTER, s. A banker, a money- 
 changer. 
 
 " Argentarius, a bancor or purse-maister ;" Duncan, 
 App. Etym., 1595, ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 PURS-PYK, s. V. Dict. 
 
 A poetic variation of M. E. pickpors, a pick-p^^rse. 
 
 PURSY, arf;. V. Dict. 
 
 Jamieson's etym. of this term is a mistake. The 
 M. E. forms were purcy and purcyf, from 0. Fr. pour- 
 cif, a variant oi poulsif, which Cotgrave renders "pur- 
 sie, short-winded." The modern Fr. f orms ^JOmZs*/ and 
 poussif, from poulser, pousser, to push, thrust, are, as 
 Wedgwood remarks, much truer to the origin, Lat. 
 pulsare, to beat, thrust. 
 
 To PU' STOCKS. One of the superstitious 
 customs observed on Halloween. It is the 
 first ceremony of the series performed by 
 the company met for the occasion. 
 
 The ceremony consists in the company passing out 
 together to the kail-yard, and pulling each a stock or 
 plant of kail. 
 
 ' ' They must go out hand in hand, with eyes shut, 
 and pull the first plant they meet with : its being big 
 or little, straight or crooked, is prophetic of the size 
 and shape of the grand object of all their spells — the 
 husband or wife." Burns, Halloween, st. 4, Note. 
 
 For particulars see st. 4-5 with accompanying notes. 
 
 To PUT, Pit, v. a. To put, place, set ; part, 
 pt. putten, pitten, put. Addit. to Put, q. v. 
 
 To Put on, v. a. and n. V. Dict. 
 
 Correct the misprint in this heading. 
 
 To Put to or ta, Pit to or ta, v. a. To shut, 
 close ; " Put ta the door aliint ye," i.e., shut 
 the door as you go out. Addit. to Put to, 
 q.v. 
 
 Putten, part. pt. Thrown, cast. V. Put, 
 Putt. 
 
 To PYE, Pie, Pye about, v. n. V. Dict. 
 
 Delete the last sentence of the note under this entry. 
 "The remark that ys is merely the common prefix is 
 not to the point : for the Welsh yspio is merely bor- 
 rowed from E. spy ; and the E. spy from Fr. espier, 
 where .s is radical." Skeat. 
 
 To PYKE, Pike, v. a. To trim and improve 
 by picking out the refuse, as when a gar- 
 dener pikes his flower-beds, vines, and fruit. 
 Also to deck, adorn, beautify, and finish 
 
PYK 
 
 194] 
 
 QUE 
 
 embroidery and tambour-work by dressing 
 it with a pike or picker, and by inserting 
 picks, stitches, or threads of silk, gold, or 
 silver. 
 
 Pykery, Pykrie, Pyckrie, s. V. Pikary. 
 
 Pyk-thank, s. a flatterer, fawner ; Doug- 
 las, III. 145, 20, ed. Small. 
 PYLIS, s. pi. Down, etc. V. Pile. 
 PYRNIT, part. pt. Y. under Pirn. 
 PYSSANCE, s. Power. V. Pissance. 
 
 Q 
 
 QUAD, QuED, adj. Vile, base: compar. 
 quader ; Court of Venus, ii. 161, 333. 
 Addit. to QuAiD, q. v. 
 
 Still used, but as a low or slang term, in the "West 
 of Scot. 
 
 Dutch, kwaad, evil, ill. 
 
 QUAICH, QuAiGH, s. V. DiCT. 
 
 Quaich is the origin of E. quaff, as the following 
 extract shows. 
 
 " A quaff, that is a curious cup made of dififerent 
 pieces of wood, such as box and ebony, cut into little 
 staves," &c., SmoUet, Humphrey Clinker (1771), letter 
 dated Sept. 3. 
 
 QUAIR, Quere, 8. V. DiCT. 
 
 Quair is merely E. quire, spelt cioaer in the Ancren 
 Kiwle, from O. Fr. quaier, later quayer, cayer, and in 
 mod. Fr. cahier. The origin of the term is L. Lat. 
 quaternum, a collection of four leaves, whence also Ital. 
 quaderno, a quire. In Wright's Voc, i. 606, L. Lat. 
 quaternus is glossed by 0. Fr. quayer, and in i. 682, 
 by quare, a quire. 
 
 QUAIT, adj., s. and v. Quiet. V. [QuATE.] 
 
 QuAiTLY, adv. Quietly. 
 
 QUALITIE, s. Qualification. 
 
 " . . and the said Mr. James Ross acceptit of the 
 said stipend with the qualitie and conditioun abone 
 mentioned." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, ii. 375, Sp. C. 
 
 QUAREOR, s. A mason : lit. a quarrier. 
 
 "Lapicida, a maison or quareor ; qui lapides caedit;" 
 Duncan, App. Etym., ed. Small, E. D. S. 
 
 O. Fr. quarrieur, a quarrier ; from quarrer, to square ; 
 Lat, qnadrare. 
 
 QUART, QuARTE, s. Health, joy, happiness ; 
 Awnt. Arth., 1. 256. Addit. to Quert, q. v. 
 
 QUAYR, s. A choir. V. Queir. 
 
 To QUEAK, Quekk, v. n. To squeak or 
 cry, as the young of rats or mice do: part. 
 queekin, used also as a s. 
 
 QuEAK, Queek, s. a gentle squeak, the weak 
 
 peeping cry of the young of small animals. 
 
 This is prob. an imitative term formed as a dimin. 
 of quaik, quaich, the cry of a duck, which in M. E. was 
 queke, quek. Icel. qvaka, Dan. qvcekke, to quack, croak. 
 
 QUED, QwED, adj. Bad. V. Quaid, Quad, 
 To QUEEL, V. n. V. Dict. 
 
 More likely from A. -S. celan, to cool, which is still 
 represented by prov. E. keel. 
 
 QUEEN, adj. Few. V. Quhene, Wheen. 
 
 To QUEESE, QuEASE, v. n. To wheeze, 
 wheezle; part, queesin: ^'queesin like an 
 auld bellows." E. wheeze. 
 
 QUEINE, QuEYN, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Queine, quean, and queen, are simply dififerent forms 
 of the same word. 
 
 To QUEITH, QuETH, v. a. To pacify ; to 
 bid farewell ; Douglas, Virgil, v. ch. 2. Icel. 
 
 kvethja. 
 For particulars regarding this term see Dict. under 
 
 QUEINTH. 
 
 QUERT.*. V. Dict. 
 
 Quert is simply the neut. kvirt of 0. Icel. kvirr, quiet, 
 which is now spelt kyrr ; hence kvirt is now spelt kyrt. 
 Jamieson's references to kyrt in explaining this term 
 are therefore quite to the point. 
 
 QuETHiNG, adj. Pacifying, composing; Ibid. 
 60, 21, Rudd. Addit. to Quething. 
 
 QUENRY, s. Womankind, women; also,, 
 harlotry, carnal lust; Alex. Scott's Poems^ 
 p. 89, ed. 1882. Addit. to Quenry, q. v. 
 
 QUENT, part. pt. Quenched, extinguished j 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, 124, 53, Rudd. 
 
 Ruddiman connects this term with Queinth ; see 
 Dict. As used in this passage, and by Chaucer, it 
 simply means quencJied, from A.-S. cwenca7i, to quench, 
 extinguish. 
 
 QUERE, QuEYR, adv. Exactly, plainly j 
 Douglas, Virgil, 238, 51, Rudd. : que^r in 
 Small's ed. 
 
 This is a contr. of perquere, from Fr. par coeur, by 
 heart, accurately, exactly. V. Pebqube. 
 
 QUERRELL, s. A bolt or arrow for a 
 cross-bow, a dart ; Douglas, Virgil, 54, 38, 
 291, 10, Rudd. 
 
 0. Fr. quarreau, carreau, from L. Lat, quadrellunif. 
 a square-headed bolt for a crossbow. 
 
QUE 
 
 [195] 
 
 QUI 
 
 To QUEST, V. n. To give tongue as dogs do 
 ill hunting: pret. questede, hunted in full 
 cry ; Awnt. Arth., 1. 48. V. Questes. 
 
 QUEST, Qwest, s. Inquest ; Burgh Recs. 
 Peebles, 2 Nov. 1456, Rec. Soc. 
 
 QUHAISILL, s. Weasel; Henryson, Pari, 
 of Beistis, 1. 116. A.-S. wesle. 
 
 QUHALM, s. Destruction. V. Qualim. 
 
 QUHALP, s. A whelp; satirical for son, 
 descendant ; Rob Stene's Dream, p. 5, 
 Mait. C. 
 
 To QUHAMLE, Quhomle, v. a. V. 
 
 Qahemle. 
 
 QUHAP, QUHAPE, S. V. QUHATJP. 
 
 QUHATEN, QuHATAN, Quhattane, adj. 
 What kind of, what or which, when used 
 interrogatively; O what, how great, when 
 used interjectionally, as in 
 
 Quhattane ane glaikit fule am I, 
 To slay my self with melancoly ! 
 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 75, ed. 1882. 
 This corr. of quhatkin is still common in both senses. 
 Addit. to Quhatkin, q. v. 
 
 To QUHEIT, V. a. To white or whittle. V. 
 
 QUHITE, QUHYTE. 
 
 QuHEiTNAM, s. A whittle, a pocket-knife ; 
 Burgh Recs. Stirling, p. 79. 
 
 To QUHELM, Quhalm, v. a. 1. To over- 
 turn, turn upside down; Douglas, Virgil, 
 150, 26, Rudd. : pret. quhelmit, Ibid., 36, 49. 
 
 The more common form is quhemle, with its varie- 
 ties quhamle, qtthomle, quhumle, from Su. -G. hioimla. 
 V. under Quhemle. 
 
 2. To turn up and down or from side to side, 
 
 to toss or tumble about. 
 
 Quhan on-fortune quhelmys the quheil, thair gais grace by. 
 Ool. and Oawain, 1. 1225. 
 In M. E. whelmen generally means to overturn, and 
 is used like Scot, whemle, whamle, whomle ; but this 
 passage shows that it also meant to turn backward and 
 forward or from side to side, to toss ; and whemle is 
 still so used in the West of S. V. Quhemle. 
 
 QuHELM, Quhalm, s. Destruction. V. 
 Qualim. 
 
 To QUHEMLE, Quhamle, Quhomle, 
 Quhumle, v. a. To turn backward and 
 forward or from side to side, to toss or 
 tumble about : to quhemle a boat, to rock or 
 toss it from side to side; to quhamle milk, to 
 cause it to move from side to side of the 
 vessel which holds it, to toss it about; 
 West of S. Addit. to Quhemle, q. v. 
 
 Quhemle, Quhamle, Quhomle, Quhumle, 
 s. A rock, toss ; a rocking, tossing. Addit. 
 to Quhemle, q. v. 
 
 QUHILES, adv. Sometimes, at times, now 
 and then ; Lyndsay, Thrie Estaitis, 1. 372. 
 
 V. QUHILE. 
 
 To QUHIRL, V. a. To whirl, turn from one 
 
 point or degree to another; also, to hurl. 
 
 V. W7iirl. 
 
 And thankit be fortunys exiltree 
 
 And quhele, that thus so wele has quhirlit me. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 189, Skeat. 
 
 QuHiRLiNG, s. Whirling, turning, Ibid., st. 
 165. 
 
 QuHiRLY, QuHURLiE, s. A small wheel, a 
 caster ; a low truck, used in moving heavy 
 packages; also, contr. for quhirly-harroio, 
 quhirly-hed. 
 
 QUHISCH, s. A hissing or whizzing noise ; 
 Lyndsay, Thrie Estaitis, 1. 1926 : also 
 applied to a stroke or blow which produces 
 such a noise. 
 
 QUHISLE, QuHissLE, Quhistle, Quhis- 
 SILL, V. and s. Whistle, pipe, fife ; Burgh 
 Recs. Edinburgh, 11. 219, Kingis Quair, st. 
 135. 
 
 QUHITELL, Quhitlem, Queitnam, s. A 
 whittle, a pocket-knife. V. QuHiTE. 
 
 QUHO, pron. Who ; Kingis Quair, st. 57 ; 
 whoever, whosoever ; Ibid. st. 78 : " as quho 
 sais^' as one might say; Ibid. st. 77. Addit. 
 to QuHA, q. V. 
 
 QUHOMLE, Quhumle, u. and 5. V. Quhemle. 
 
 QUHY, 5. V. DicT. 
 
 This is simply E. why, and not Su.-G. hui, as sug- 
 
 QUHYLUMES, adv. Sometimes, at times, 
 occasionally ; Lyndsay, The Dreme, 1. 410. 
 A.-S. hwilum. V. QuHiLUM. 
 
 QUHYMPERAND, part Whimpering, 
 whining, wailing; Douglas, Virgil, 64, 21, 
 Rudd. 
 
 QUHYNGAR. V. Whinger. 
 
 To QUHYTE, Quhite, Wheat, v. a. V. 
 
 DiCT. 
 
 The same as M. E. thwUen, from A.-S. thwitan, to 
 cut. But E. whittle, a knife, is not from A.-S. hwitel; 
 indeed, it has no connection whatever with whet ; it is 
 from A.-S. thwitel, lit. a cutter, a der. of thwitan, to 
 cut. See Whittle in Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 To QUIKIN, V. a. To quicken, vivify ; to 
 
 give increase and energy to. 
 
 And schortly, so wele fortune has hir bore, 
 To quikin treuly day by day my lore, 
 To my larges that I am cumin agayn. 
 To blisse with her that is my souirane. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 181, Skeat's ed. 
 
QUI 
 
 [196] 
 
 QUY 
 
 QUINQUIN, s. V. DicT. 
 
 This is simply a form of kinken, short for O. Dutch 
 kinneken, kindeken, (corrupted into kilderkin), the eighth 
 part of a vat. Regarding this term Skeat says, — " The 
 lit. sense is 'little child,' because the measure is a small 
 one as compared with a tun, vat, or barrel. Formed 
 with dimin. suffix -ken (now nearly obsolete), from Du. 
 hind, a child, cognate with E. child. " V. Etym. Diet. 
 
 QUISH, QuiSHiE, s. Forms of Whish, q. v. 
 
 Properly quishie is a dimin. of quish, and it is some- 
 times so used in the sense of the slightest sound, the 
 least whisper ; but generally it is used with the same 
 meaning as quish. 
 
 To QUITE, QuYTE, QwYTE, V. n. To curl ; 
 to hurl a stone along ice towards a mark ; 
 part. pr. quiting, quitin, used also as a s. In 
 the West of S. the old name for the game 
 of curling was quiting, generally pron. quitin. 
 
 Quiting-Stane, Quytin-Stane, Qwytin- 
 
 Stane, s. a curling-stone. 
 
 To quite is prob. of the same origin as to quoit ; from 
 O. Fr. coiter, coitier, cuiter, to press, push, hasten ; 
 and hence prob. to hurl ; V. Burguy, To hurl a stone 
 or iron ring through the air towards a mark is to coit 
 or quoit ; while to hurl or drive a stone over smooth 
 ice towards a mark is to quite or quyte. 
 
 QUITTANCE, s. Clearance, discharge; 
 " has f ailyeat quittance" has failed to obtain 
 or secure discharge ; Peterkin's Notes on 
 Orkn. and Shetl., Appendix, p. 35 : " under 
 quittancCf' in or during the process of 
 clearance, or, within or during the time 
 allowed for securing acquittance or clearing 
 oneself of a charge ; Ibid. Addit. to 
 [QuiTTANS], q. V. 
 
 One of the records, above referred to in illustration 
 of the second phrase, runs thus: — 
 
 "[21 June, 1603]. It is tryit that Magnus-Blance 
 has dyit under quittance of the stowt of his nyhbor's 
 peits, and according to the lawis decernis his guids and 
 
 fere to be escheit thairfoir." Extract from the Court 
 took of the Earl of Orkney. 
 
 To QUOFF, V. a. To buy, purchase. V. 
 
 COFF. 
 
 QuoFFYN, s. Purchasing, bargaining, ex- 
 change. 
 
 " . . the said George allegit he had gottyn it in 
 quoffyn fra the said James." Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 
 Oct. 1515, p. 47, Mait. C. 
 
 Icel. kaup, Swed. kop, Dan. kidh, a purchase ; but 
 all are borrowed from Lat. caupo, a huckster. V. 
 Skeat's Etym. Diet, under Cheap. 
 
 QUOY, QUOYLAND, S. V. DiCT. 
 
 Add the following explanation : — 
 
 " Quoyland (from Norse kvi, an enclosure) was orig- 
 inally a patch enclosed from the moor and cultivated. 
 . . . If the quay was near the tun [farm or home- 
 stead], it was sometimes called an umbeset [N. um-bu8- 
 settnunq), an outlying homestead, an outset ; or an 
 outbrek (N. vt-brekkr), an outbrink (of the townland). 
 Quoyland was exempted from the vicious process of 
 rundale." Captain Thomas, R. N., Proc. Antiq. Soc, 
 vol. xviii. p. 256. 
 
 QUOY, QuoYE, adj. Quiet, secluded ; 
 Douglas, II. 97, 4, 102, 16, Small's ed. V. 
 
 KOY. 
 
 Ruddiman's ed. has koy in both passages. O. Fr. 
 quoy, coy, quiet ; Cotgr. : but an older form is coit, 
 from Lat. quietus, stiU. See Skeat's Etym. Diet, 
 under Coy. 
 
 QUYKE, adj. Alive, living; Lyndsay, 
 Papyngo, 1. 670. V. [Quik]. 
 
 QUYNE, s. A form of Queine, q. v. 
 
 QUYOK, QuYACH, s. A young cow or 
 heifer; Douglas, Virgil, 248, 35, Rudd. 
 Properly a dimin. of Quey, q. v. 
 
 QUYTE, QwYTE, V. V. Quite. 
 
 QUYTT, s. A cute, doit ; a small Danish 
 coin worth about one-twelfth of a penny : 
 " ane Dens quytt^^^ Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 
 I. 333, Sp. C. 
 
 O. Dan. kvitt. Mod. Dan. hvid, a coin, one-third of a 
 Dan. shilling, or about one-twelfth of an Eng. penny : 
 similar in value to the O. Scot. doit. Hence, a thing 
 of little or no value was said to be " not worth a cute, 
 or, " not worth a doit ; " " availyeis nocht a cute." Alex. 
 Scott's Poems, p. 11, ed. 1882 j "cans nocht thre 
 cutis," Ibid. p. 83. 
 
 The term occurs also in Dunbar and Lyndsay ; see 
 DiCT. under Cute, where the secondary meaning and 
 general use of the term are given, but both etymology 
 and explanation are entirely wrong. In Laing's ed. of 
 Lyndsay the term is rendered " a small piece of 
 straw. " 
 
 Qwest, s. V. Quest. 
 
 QWYTE, Qwytin-Stane. V. under Quite, 
 
R AB 
 
 [1971 
 
 RAI 
 
 R. 
 
 EABBLEMENT, s. A promiscuous and 
 noisy crowd, a mob : also, incoherent talk 
 or discourse : synon. rablach. V. under 
 Rabble. 
 
 RACK, s. The clouds, clouds in motion ; 
 the movement, course, or direction of the 
 clouds under the action of the wind: a terra 
 common in weather prognostics. Addit. to 
 Raik, and Rak, q. v. 
 
 RACK, s. and v. Wreck; wreckage: more 
 commonly Wrack, Wrak, q. v. 
 
 RACKEL, Rackle, Raucle, adj. V. Dict. 
 
 Del. last para, of this entry, 
 
 Hackel, same as M. E. rakel, rash, reckless, is 
 related not to Icel. racier, ready, but to Icel. reikall, 
 vagabond, from reika, to roam about, to wander. It 
 is from Swed. raka, older form racka, to run about ; 
 whence have come Sc. raik, to roam, range, and Eng. 
 rake, a dissolute man. See Wedgwood and Skeat 
 under Rake. 
 
 To RACUNNIS, Racwnnis, v. a. To re- 
 cognosce, to resume the lands of a vassal on 
 account of a breach of conditions of tenure. 
 Addit. to Racunnys, q. v. 
 
 "Item, that ilk day [30 January 1456] the balyeis 
 has racwnnis the wast land in the North Gat for faut 
 of the Kyngis burroumallis, and for faut of the mallis 
 thai war set for. Witnes the hal curt." Burgh Recs. 
 Peebles, p. 117, Rec. Soc. 
 
 The detinition given above certainly expresses the 
 general meaning of the term as it is used in our Burgh 
 Records. Skene's explanation, which was adopted by 
 Jamieson, is too limited in its application ; but it is 
 not so limited as the following, which is given by 
 Erskine : — "Recognition is the forfeiture arising to 
 the superior from alienation by the vassal of more than 
 half the land without the superior's consent." 
 
 RAD, Rade, adj. Quick, ready; Awnters 
 of Arthur, st. 23, 1. 8, Douce MS. A.-S. 
 rcede. 
 
 Rade, adv. Soon. Errat. in Dict. q. v. 
 
 Bade, is a form of rathe, raith, soon, as stated in the 
 explanatory note, and is therefore an adverb in the 
 positive degree. It cannot, therefore, be rendered by 
 rather, which is a comparative. See next entry ; also 
 Raith in Dict. 
 
 Radly, adv. Quickly, hotly, fiercely. 
 
 To RADDLE, v. a. To thrash, beat ; lit. to 
 beat with a stick or switch ; from raddle, 
 a switch. Errat. in Dict., q. v. 
 
 This word can have no connection with riddle as 
 Jamieson suggested. As used in the passage quoted 
 from Scott's Rob Roy, it certainly means to thrash or 
 beat, and it is still so used in the N. of England. 
 Halliwell states that in Sussex the term raddle is 
 
 applied to long pieces of supple underwood twisted 
 between upright states to form a fence. He also 
 quotes from Harrison, p. 187, regarding the wattled 
 houses of the ancient Britons, that " they were slight- 
 lie set up with a few posts and many radels." A 
 raddle, therefore, is a small rod, prob. from Du roede, 
 rod, wand, switch ; and to raddle is to switch or beat. 
 Atkinson in his Cleveland Gloss, suggests that it may 
 have sprung from A.-S. wrcethian, to wreathe, weave, 
 wattle. 
 
 RADDOWRE, s. V. Dict. 
 
 The origin of this word is most probably O. Fr. 
 roideur, " stifnesse, . . . violence"; Cotgr. 
 
 RADE, Raid, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Bade is now generally accepted as from Icel. reith, a 
 riding, a road ; from Icel. ritha, to ride, to be borne on 
 a horse or in a ship. A.-S. rdd has given E. road. 
 See Skeat, s. v. Baid, and Wedgwood, s. v. Bide. 
 
 To RADOUN, V. n. V. Dict. 
 
 Del. the note under, this entry. 
 
 Badoun is simply the mod. E. redound, from 0. Fr. 
 redonder, "to redound, .... returne back j" 
 Cotgr. 
 
 RAG-FOOTED, adj. Lit., ill-shod : hence, 
 
 poor, worthless, untenable : " rag-footed 
 
 reasons ;" Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 19. 
 
 RAGMAN, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Del. definition and notes of s. 3 : they are altogether 
 misleading. 
 
 The ragman there referred to was a papal bull with 
 many seals of bishops attached. A ragman or ragman- 
 roll means a document with a long list of names, or 
 with numerous seals. As shown by Wright in his 
 Anecdota Literaria, the name was originally given to 
 a game consisting in drawing characters from a roll by 
 strings hanging out from the end ; the amusement 
 arising from the fitness or unfitness of the characters 
 to the persons who drew them. Hence, from its simi- 
 larity to the apparatus used in this game, any deed 
 with a number of seals attached came to be called a 
 ragman-roll ; but the name was specially applied to 
 the collection of deeds by which the Scottish Barons 
 were made to subscribe allegiance to Ed. I. As the 
 Chron. de Lanercost has it — "a Scottis propter multa 
 sigilla dependentia ragman vocabatur." The name was 
 afterwards applied to any long, intricate, or stupid 
 story. Lit. a coward's roll or story (from Icel. rag- 
 menni, a coward, with the addition of roll), and after- 
 wards corrupted into rigmarole. See Halliwell, s. v. 
 Ragman ; also Wedgwood, and Skeat, s. v. Rigmarole. 
 
 The note on bouched is altogether a mistake. The 
 word in Piers Plowman is not bouched but bonched, 
 struck, lit. banged, pushed, knocked about. See Gloss, 
 to Skeat's ed., Clar. Press Series. 
 
 RAHATOUR, 5. An enemy. V. Rehatour. 
 RAIBLE, s. and v. V. Rabble. 
 RAID, Rade, s. Spawn. V. Red. 
 RAID, Rade, s. A cleaner. V. Bed. 
 RAID, Rade, s. Counsel, V. Rede. 
 
RAI 
 
 [198] 
 
 RAN 
 
 RAID, Red, pret. Rode. V. Rad. 
 RAIL, s. V. DiCT. 
 
 The etym. given for this word is wrong : but it is 
 correctly given under Railly, which is simply another 
 form of the word. A.-S. hraegl, hregl, swaddling 
 clothes : but it has no connection with Icel. roegg, 
 sinus, as suggested. See Wedgwood and Skeat, s. v. 
 Rail. 
 
 RAIL, Raill, part. pt. Railed, fitted w^ith 
 
 a railing : " a guid 7*ai7 stair," a well-railed 
 
 stair, or, a good stair and railed; West 
 
 of S. 
 
 ". . . hes ane sufficient guid dure and foir yett 
 Weill wallit and lokit, with ane raill galrie stair and 
 ane turlies upoun the northmost windo thereof," 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, i. 148, Rec. Sec. 
 
 Railed, Railit, Raylede, part. pt. Set 
 with rails or bars, lined or marked off, en- 
 closed; also set, mounted, adorned. 
 
 And thus Schir Gawane the gay dame Gayenour he ledis. 
 
 In a gletterande gyde, that glemet full gaye : 
 With rich rebanes reuerssede, who that righte redys, 
 Raylede with rubes one royalle arraye. 
 
 Awtityrs of Arthure, st. 2. 
 "Raylide, set; MS. Morte Arthure, f. 87." Halli- 
 well. 
 
 Swed. regel, a bar, bolt ; Ger. riegel, 0. H. Ger. 
 rigil, a bar, bolt, orig. a latch of a door. This latter 
 form is from 0. H. Ger. rihan, to fasten. Skeat, 
 Etym. Diet, 
 
 RAIN-BIRDS, s. pi. A name given to the 
 woodpeckers (genus Picus, Linn.), on ac- 
 count of the peculiar cries which they are 
 said to emit on the approach of rain ; South 
 and West of S. 
 
 RAISITLY, adv. Excitedly, astonishedly ; 
 Rob. Stene's Dream, p. 23, Mait. 0. 
 
 RAISS, Rajs, Rasse, Race, s. V. Dict. 
 
 A more direct etym. for this term is A.-S. rces, a 
 course, race, stream. This is confirmed by M. E. rees, 
 rase. 
 
 RAISTIT, part, and adj. Wrinkled, shrivel- 
 led ; Burgh Recs. Stirling, p. 47. V. 
 JReistet. 
 
 RAIT, part, and adj. V. Rayit. 
 
 RAIVEL, Ravel, s. Confusion, state of 
 
 confusion, a confused speech or story. V. 
 
 [Raivel]. 
 To RAIVEL, V. a. To fit or enclose with 
 
 railing : part. pt. raiveld, raivilt, as, "a. 
 
 raivilt stair." V. Raivel, s. 
 
 Raiveling, Raveling, Re aveling, s. Addit. 
 to Raivel, s., q. v. 
 
 RAK, t. A stretcher (pron. streeher) ; an 
 instrument used in stretching and softening 
 leather. V. Rack, Rak, v. 
 
 '* Item, ane kyst lokit fast, ane scherp rah for 
 ledder, ane blunt rak." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 
 176, Sp. C. 
 
 RAK, Rawk, Roik, Rook, s. V. Dict. 
 
 In his explanation of these forms Jamieson has 
 confused two quite distinct words, and has connected 
 them with a source to which neither of them is related. 
 As generally accepted rach or rak means light, driving 
 clouds, also the drift of such clouds, and comes from 
 Icel. reka, to drive ; rek, drift, motion, the thing 
 drifted ; and the M. E. form was rak. On the other 
 hand roik or reek, is vapour, smoke, and has come from 
 A.-S. rede, r&c, smoke ; Icel. rekyr, Du. rook. And 
 neither set is related to the verb rach, to extend. See 
 Wedgwood and Skeat, s. v. Back, Beek. 
 
 To RAKE, V. a. To gather together, to 
 cover, to heap or hap. To rake the firCf 
 is to gather it, and then heap on coals and 
 cinders so that it may continue burning all 
 night. 
 
 Raking-Coal, Raikin-Coal, Rakin-Piece, 
 
 s. The coal or piece of coal used in raking 
 
 a fire : also called " the happin-coal," 
 
 A.-S. raca, a rake: and allied to Goth, rikan, to 
 collect, heap up. 
 
 RAKIS, s. pi. V. Rakkis, Rax. 
 
 RAKKILL, Rakil, s. A chain. V.Rackle. 
 
 To RALYE, V. n. To rally, joke; pret. 
 ralyest, for ralyeit, Dunbar, Mar. Wemen 
 and Wedo, 1. 149. V. Raill. 
 
 RALYEIT, part, pt Streaked, striped, 
 barred. V. Railed. 
 This term was left undefined in DiCT., q. v. 
 
 RAMASSE, 5. Collection, summary, re- 
 sume ; Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 19. O. Fr. 
 ramas, id. V. Rammasche, adj. 
 
 To RAME at, v. a. To rhyme or keep re- 
 peating the same thing : as when a person 
 always asks the same question, sings the 
 same song, or tells the same story. V. 
 Rhame. 
 
 Rame, Raming, s. That which is constantly 
 or very frequently repeated : also, repeti- 
 tion, iteration ; as, " His rame o' that sang 
 has spoilt it." Addit. to Rame, q. v. 
 
 RAMLIN, Rammely, adj. Tall, slender, 
 fast growing. A ramlin or rammely lad 
 is a tall, fast growing young man. V. 
 Rammel, s. 2. 
 
 RAMSH, s. V. Dict. 
 
 E. ramsons; but not allied to Icel. ramr, as sug- 
 gested. 
 
 To RAND, Randeb, Rond, Rund, Run, v. a. 
 To thicken, strengthen, or protect the heels 
 
RAN 
 
 [199] 
 
 RAY 
 
 of stockings by sewing or darning : lit. to 
 shield, protect. V. Ranter. 
 
 Rand and rander are the forms used in Orkney : from 
 Icel. rond, a rim, border, shield, protection. V. Rand, 
 
 8. 
 
 Run represents the pron. now generally followed in 
 various districts of Scot. 
 
 To RANDER, Randir, Randre, Rand, v. a. 
 1 . To render, return, restore ; Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, I. 322, Sp. C. 
 
 2. To submit, yield, give up ; to randir them, 
 to surrender ; Compl, Scot. p. 77, E.E.T.S. : 
 pret. randrit, surrendered ; Ibid., 1, 113. 
 
 3. To melt, make liquid : " to rander tallow." 
 V. Render. 
 
 Fr. rendre, from Lat. reddere, to give back. 
 Rand, s. A melting, as much as may be 
 melted at one time: as, "twa rand o' tallow." 
 
 KANE, Rayne, s. V. Dict. 
 
 In p. 620, col. 2, 1. 12, for Rards read Bards, 
 
 RANGAT, s. The rabble. V. Rangale. 
 RANTRY, s. A form of Rantree, q. v. 
 
 Rantry-Tree, s. Rowan-tree-wood, wood 
 of the mountain-ash. 
 
 I'll gar my ain Tammie gae down to the how, 
 And cut me a rock of a widdershins grow, 
 Of good rantry-tree for to carry my tow, 
 And a spindle o' same for the twining o't. 
 Alex. Ross, The Rock and the Wee Pickle Tow. 
 "Grow," growth. 
 
 Regarding the rowan-tree as a charm against witches 
 see under Roun-Tree. See also Brand's Popular An- 
 tiquities, ed. Ellis, Yol. ii., p. 80, note 2, 
 
 To RAPARAL, v. a. To repair. V. Re- 
 parell. 
 
 RAPHELL, s. Doe-skin. V. Raffel. 
 
 RASOUR,s. Prob. cutting, shred. V. Dict. 
 
 The supposition that rasour is for or ras, Venice 
 stuff, is not satisfactory. Jamieson evidently doubted 
 it, seeing he left the term undefined. It is more like 
 0. Fr. rasure, a shaving, cutting, shred ; see Cotgrave. 
 
 RAT, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Sc. rat, as in cart-rat, and E. rut, are quite difi'erent 
 words. Rat has come from Icel. reita, to scratch, and 
 so is allied to E. write; but E. rut has come from 
 Lat, rupta, broken, through Fr. route, "a rut, way, 
 path ;" Cotgrave. See Skeat and Wedgwood. 
 
 RATCH, V. and s. Scratch, line; prob. a 
 dimin. of Rat, Raut, q. v, 
 
 RATCH, Ratche, s. A hound. V. Rache. 
 
 RATHT, s. V. Raith, s. 
 
 RATIONABLE, adj. Reasonable, sensible, 
 just; Burgh Recs. Edin., I. 4, 82, 83, 
 Rec. Soc. 
 
 Lat. rationabilis, from ratio, reason. 
 
 RATTON, s. V. Dict. 
 
 The generally accepted etym. of this term is Fr. 
 raton, dimin. of Fr. rat, from L. Ger. ratus, rata. V* 
 Skeat, Etym. Dict. 
 
 RATT-RIME, s. Originally, a rhyme or 
 piece of poetry used in charming and killing 
 rats. These rhymes were the merest 
 doggerel, and hence the secondary meaning 
 of the term given in Dict. Addit. to 
 Ratt-Rime, q. V. 
 
 Jamieson gave only the secondary meaning of this 
 term, and his explanation of it is wrong. A more 
 satisfactory account of it is given in the following 
 passages from a note to As You Like It, iii. 2, 164, 
 Clarendon Press Series. 
 
 "The belief that rats were rhymed to death in 
 Ireland is frequently alluded to in the dramatists. 
 Steevens quotes from Ben Jonson's Poetaster, To the 
 Reader : 
 
 ' Rhime them to death, as they do Irish rats 
 In drumming tunes.' 
 " Randolph in his play, The Jealous Lovers, p. 156, 
 ed. Hazlitt, has a reference to the same belief : 
 ' And my poets, 
 Shall with a satire, steeped in gall and vinegar, 
 Rhyme 'em to death, as they do rats in Ireland. ' 
 •• And Pope in his version of Donne's Second Satire, 
 1. 22: 
 
 ' One sings the fair ; but songs no longer move ; 
 No rat is rhymed to death, nor maid to love. ' 
 " In Scot's Discovery of Witchcraft, the power of 
 magic incantations is said to be claimed by the Irish 
 witches : ' The Irishmen addict themselves wonder» 
 fully to the credit and practice hereof ; yea and they 
 will not stick to affirm that they can rime either man 
 or beast to death." 
 
 These references sufficiently suggest the kind of 
 rhymes that were used for the purpose, and enable one 
 to understand how the term ratt-rime came to mean 
 halting metres, doggerel, a tirade of nonsense. 
 
 RAUK, RouK, RoAKY, adj. Misty, foggy- 
 Same as Rauky, q. v. 
 
 RAUT, Rawt, Rauk, v. and s. Scratch. 
 V- Rat. 
 
 RAVAND, Rauand, part, and adj. Raven- 
 ing, ravenous; *' rauand sauuage volffis;" 
 Complaint Scotland, p. 2, E.E.T.S. V. 
 Ravin. 
 
 RAVELING, Reaveling, s. A rail or 
 hand-rail of a stair ; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen,. 
 III. 7. Addit. to Ravel, Raivel. 
 
 This form of the name is still common in the West 
 of Scot. 
 
 To RA VERSE, Rauerse, v. a. To ransack,, 
 explore ; Blame of Kirkburiall, Dedic. Fr. 
 
 renverser. 
 
 RAVESTRE, s. V. Revestre. 
 
 RAY, s. A spar, yard, etc. V. Ra, Rea. 
 
 RAYIT, part pt. and adj. Arrayed, ranged ; 
 Douglas, III. 67, 4, Small. 
 
RAT 
 
 [200] 
 
 XV Ei li 
 
 RAYNDOUN, s. A straight line or course : 
 in rayndoun, direct, directly; Burgh Recs. 
 Peebles. Addit. to Randoun. 
 
 RE, Ree, inter j. A carter's term meaning to 
 
 the right, or turn to the right. A similar 
 
 and more common term is Jee (q. v.), which, 
 
 however, is indefinite, and often used with 
 
 the meaning " to the left." V. Heck. 
 
 Jee implies simply to turn or turn aside : hence the 
 saying regarding an intractable person, — "He'll neither 
 hick nor jee," i.e., neither go on nor turn to the side. 
 Another form of the saying is, — "He'll neither hech 
 nor ree," i.e., neither turn to the left nor to the right. 
 
 READE, s. V. Rede, Reid. 
 
 REAP, Reape, s. a rope. V. Raip. 
 
 • ' Restio, a reape-va3k.QV, or ane that hangs himselfe ;' 
 Duncan App. Etym., 1595, ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 RE AST, s. A rest for a musket; Spald. 
 Club Misc. V. 160. V. Reist, s. 4. 
 
 REASTED, adj. V. Reested. 
 
 REBALD, Ribald, s. A rascal, scamp. 
 
 O. Fr. ribald, from L. Lat. ribaldus, a ruffian. 
 
 To REBALK, Rebak, v. a. To rebuke, 
 snub, threaten, insult; pret. and part, pt., 
 rebalkit; part. pr. rehakin. Addit. to Re- 
 BAWKIT, q, V. 
 
 " . . . that he wranguisly rebalkit hym & drew 
 a knyf til him." Burgh E,ecs. Prestwick, 14 June, 
 1501, Mait. C. 
 
 0. Fr. rebouquer (Mod. Fr. reboucher), to stop the 
 mouth. 
 
 RE B ATT, Rebett, s. V. Rebbits. 
 
 REBE, s. V. under Reve. 
 
 RECHAS, s. The recheat, a hunting term : 
 the notes blown on the horn to recall the 
 dogs from a false scent. Addit. to Rechas, 
 q. V. Fr. rechasser. 
 
 To Reohate, Rehate, Rehayte, v. n. To 
 wind or blow the recheat ; part. pr. rehay- 
 iandf blowing the recheat, recalling the 
 dogs. 
 
 To RECKLES, v. a. To abandon, give up, 
 depart from. V. Rakles. 
 
 And reckles nocht your eirand for the rane, 
 Bot cast yow for to cum aue vthir day. 
 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 17, ed. 1882. 
 
 REOOLL, 5. A collection, selection ; pi. re- 
 collisy gleanings, memorials, as in " the re- 
 collis of Troy ; " Douglas, Virgil, prol. Bk. 
 i. Fr. recueil. 
 
 To RECONIS, Reconyse, v. a. and n. V. 
 Recognis. 
 
 RECOUNSILIT, part. pt. Reconciled; 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 90, Skeat's ed. V. 
 [Reconsale]. 
 
 RECOVERANCE, Recouerance, s. Re- 
 covery, hope of recovery ; " dispaire without 
 recouerance,'* hopeless or blank despair ; 
 Kingis Quair, st. 87. O. Fr. recouvrance. 
 
 RED, Rede, Rade, Raid, s. A contr. form 
 
 of redder, a clearer, cleaner, cleanser, rid- 
 
 der ; as, " That will mak a fine red for a 
 
 pipe." Addit. to Red, q. v. 
 
 Haid is so used by Dunbar in a somewhat coarse 
 passage of The Twa Mariit Wemen and the Wedo. 
 
 RED, pa7't. pt. Lit. counselled, advised : Tm 
 red, I am led to think, or inclined to sus- 
 pect, I am of opinion. Errat. in DiCT., 
 
 q. V. 
 
 Dut Davie, lad, I'm red ye're glalkit ; 
 I'm tauld the muse, ye hae negleckit. 
 
 Burns, Second Ep. to Davie, st. 3. 
 Jamieson has either missed the sense of red in this 
 passage, or has been misled by expressing it by means 
 of afraid, as used in Scot, colloquial parlance. Red in 
 that sense, however, has nothing to do with rad, afraid: 
 it is from rede, to advise. 
 
 REDDAR OF PLAIES, s. An umpire of 
 sports. Addit. to Reddar, q. v. 
 
 "Sequester, a reddar of plaies;" Duncan, App. 
 Etym., 1595, ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 REDE, Reade, s. a calf's stomach used 
 for rennet. V. Reid. 
 
 To REDOUN, Redown, v. a. To make 
 good, atone for. Addit. to Redound. 
 
 " . . . and is ordanit to redown the skaitht to 
 the said James sustenit be him." Burgh Recs. Glas- 
 gow, I. 61, Eec. Soc. 
 
 RED-WAT, adj. Dyed red; wet, dyed, or 
 stained with blood, blood-stained. Addit. 
 to Red-Wat, q. v. 
 
 This term was very improperly defined by Jamie- 
 son ; however, the passage in which it occurs is 
 peculiar. 
 
 Red-Wat-Shod, adj. and adv. 1. As an 
 adj., wet over the shoe-tops with blood, 
 soaked or soaking with blood to the ankles. 
 
 2. As an adv., walking in blood over the shoe- 
 tops, ankle-deep in blood. 
 
 At Wallace' name, what Scottish blood 
 But boils up in a spring-tide flood ! 
 Oft have our fearless fathers strode 
 
 By Wallace' side. 
 Still pressing onward red-wat-shod 
 
 Or glorious dy'd. 
 
 Bums, Epistle to Simpson. 
 
 RED-WUD, Red-Wod, adj. V. under 
 [Reid, adj."] 
 
 REEF, 8. The itch. V. Reif. 
 
 Reef-Saw, s. Salve or ointment for the 
 itch-disease. 
 
REE 
 
 [201] 
 
 REL 
 
 REEL-BANE, Eeele-bane, Eewel-bane, 
 
 Royal-bane, s. An unknown material of 
 
 which saddles were supposed to be made. 
 
 This term occurs frequently, and under various 
 forms, in the older ballads and romances. In Chaucer, 
 Cant. Tales, 1. 13807, it appears as rewel-bone ; in the 
 romance of Thomas of Ersyldoune, as roelle-bone ; and 
 in the romance of Young Bekie, as royal-bone ; but re- 
 garding the material so called there is no certainty. 
 Speght supposed it was ivory stained in many colours, 
 from Fr. rioU, streaked, rayed. 
 
 REFE, Ref, s. Robbery. V. Reif. 
 
 To REFLOIR, v. n. Lit. to flourish again ; 
 
 to burst, abound, or overflow, as with joy 
 
 or gladness. O. Fr. rejlourir. 
 
 Laude, reuerence, helth, vertew, and honouris, — 
 To the Venus I rander euermoir. 
 And nocht causles : with superabundant 
 Mirth, melodie, thow dois my hart refloir, 
 As Inuincent, victour, and triumphant. 
 
 Rolland, Court of Venus, i. 295, S. T, S. 
 
 To REFUGE, v. a. To drive away, scatter, 
 blot out. Lat. refugere. 
 
 Sen for our vyce that Justyce men correct, 
 King most hie ! now pacify thy feid, 
 
 Our syn is huge, refuge, we not suspect, 
 As thou art Juge, deluge us of this dreid. 
 In tyme assent, or we be schent with deid. 
 
 Henryson, Prayer for the Pest, st. 11. 
 
 REGEMENT, s. Rule, government ; Compl. 
 Scotland, p. 2, E.E.T.S. O. Fr. regiment. 
 
 REHATE, V. and s. Y. Rechate. 
 
 To REIBILL, V. a. A form of Rehable, 
 q. V. 
 
 REID, «. Fate; &y now. weird. V. Rede. 
 
 Reid-Raip, s. Lit., fate-rope ; fatal-rope, 
 
 gallows-rope. 
 
 " Schir," said the Foxe, " God wait, I mene nocht that ; 
 For and I did, it wer weill worth that ye 
 In ane reid-raip had tyit me till ane tre. " 
 
 Henryson, Wolf, Foxe, and Cadgear, 1. 63. 
 
 REIDSETT, adj. Errat. in Dict. for 
 
 Reuerssede, q. v. 
 
 Delete this entry altogether. The term is a mis« 
 reading in Pinkerton's version of Sir Gawan and Sir 
 Galogras. 
 
 REIM-KENNAR, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Regarding this word Prof. Skeat has kindly furnished 
 the following explanation: — "It is obvious that Sir W. 
 Scott has here turned the Icel. rimkcenn, one skilled in 
 rhyme, into Oerman spelling ; he has substituted the 
 G. reimior Icel. rim, and theG. henner, i.e., "knower," 
 for the Icel. adj. koenn. This hint is of considerable 
 importance, for I suspect that Sir Walter has done the 
 same thing in numerous instances. He knew a little 
 German, but no Icelandic, and thought (as all did then), 
 that it made no difference. This may enable us to ex- 
 plain other words. 
 
 To REIR, Reiyer, Rere, v. and s. V. 
 Reird, v. 
 
 To REIST, Reest, v. a. To reduce, to set 
 or keep at a lower rate : as " to reist the 
 (Sup.) B 2 
 
 ^re," to bank or damp the lire, i.e., to heap 
 it so as to keep it up all night; Fife, Forfar. 
 Reistet, Reestit, Raistit, part, and adj. 
 Lit. arrested, stopt, stopt short; hence, as 
 applied to growth or progress, stunted, 
 shrivelled, withered ; West of S. ; raistit, 
 Stirlings. 
 
 The word is still so used. Neglected, half-starved 
 children are called " puir wee reestit things ;" and wood 
 that has become shrivelled or rent is called ^^ reestit 
 timmer." So also it was used by Burns in his Address 
 to the Deil, st. 17 :— 
 
 D'ye mind that day, when in a bizz, 
 Wi' reekit duds, and reestet gizz, 
 Ye did present your smoutie phiz, 
 
 'Mang better folk, 
 An' sklented on the man of Uzz 
 Your spitefu' joke ? 
 
 Reestet gizz, stunted or shrivelled wig : it was with 
 this meaning that Burns used the phrase ; see his Glos- 
 sary. The gizz was properly the head-dress by which 
 the gizars or mummers disguised themselves, and per- 
 sonated the characters they represented. And it is a 
 clever stroke of Burns to represent the deil as donning 
 the orthodox small-wig of the douce elders and minis- 
 ters of that time, in order to make his "smoutie phiz" 
 more presentable among the ' ' better folk " he was to 
 meet "that day." 
 
 REIT, s. A device, method; hence, spell, 
 
 charm ; pi. reittis, witches' spells, methods 
 
 of witching ; Trials for Witchcraft, Spald. 
 
 01. Misc. I. 148. Synon. freit. 
 
 Lat. ratio, calculation, device ; from ratus, part. pt. 
 of rear, I think, deem, devise. 
 
 REIT, part. pt. A contr. form of revit, 
 reaved, plundered : " thair gudis reit and 
 rent ; " Sempill Ballates, p. 1 2 7 . V. Reve, v. 
 
 To REKE, V. a. and Ji. To stretch, extend : 
 part. pr. rekand', Burgh Recs. Peebles, p. 
 144. V. [Reek]. 
 
 RELAND, adj. Rolling : reland eis, goggle 
 eyes, also, squinting eyes ; Rob. Stene's 
 Dream, p. 8, Mait. 0. V. Rele. 
 
 To RELENT, a. a. To soften, appease. 
 Addit. to [Relent], q. v. 
 
 Were Fortune lovely Peggy's foe. 
 
 Such sweetness would relent her. 
 As blooming spring unbends the brow 
 Of surly savage winter. 
 
 Burns, Young Peggy, st. 4. 
 The use of relent as a trans, vb., although uncommon, 
 is quite in keeping with the origin of the term, — 0. Fr. 
 ralentir, " to slacken, remit, loosen," &c. Cotgr.: Fr. 
 ra- being, put for re-a- (Lat. re-ad) ; and lentir from 
 Lat. lentus, slack, slow. V. Skeat, Etym. Dict. 
 
 Lyndsay used the word in the sense of assuage, les- 
 sen, lighten, in the passage referred to in Dict. 
 With siching sair I am hot schent, 
 Without scho cum incontinent. 
 My heavie langour to relent 
 And saif me now fra deid. 
 
 Thrie Estaitis, 1. 39L 
 
 To RELESCH, Relesche, v. a. To relax, 
 assuage ; Kingis Quair, st. 184, Skeat. 
 
REL 
 
 [202] 
 
 REP 
 
 To Eelesch, v. n. To burst out, gush forth : 
 part. pres. releschand, as applied to sound or 
 music, ringing, swelHng, resounding. Ad- 
 dit. to Keleisch, q. v. 
 
 The larkis lowd releschand in the skyis. 
 
 Douglas, iv. 87, 30, ed. Small. 
 The definition in DiCT. is defective ; and, in the 
 explanation of the passage quoted, there is no reference 
 to the characteristic of the lark's song, which the poet 
 expresses by the term releschand, 
 
 O. Fr. relascher, "to slacken ease, refresh, remit ;" 
 Cotgr. From Lat. relaxai-e, to relax. 
 
 Relesche, s. Relaxation, ease; Ibid., st. 
 150. O. Fr. relasche. 
 
 REME, s. Cream. V. Ream. 
 
 To REMEMBER, v. a. 1. To convey or 
 express to a person the sympathy, regards, 
 or good wishes of a friend or acquaintance ; 
 as, ^^ Remember me kindly to your folk : I'm 
 sure I wish them a' weel." 
 
 2. To make allowance for, make good, re- 
 munerate, reward ; as, " Lend me five pund, 
 man, an I'll remember 't to you on term 
 day," i.e., I'll repay it then. 
 
 "The prouest, baillies, and counsall lykwayis or- 
 danis Mr, Peter Blakburne, minister, to be rememberit 
 for the intertening of the said Mr. George this ten or 
 xii. dayes past in the said Mr. Peteris hous." Burgh 
 Recs, Aberdeen, II. 188, Sp, C. 
 
 In both senses the word is still used in various parts 
 of Scotland ; and in the first sense it is common in 
 England. 
 
 REMEMORANT, adj. Mindful, bearing in 
 
 mind ; Compl. Scotland, p. 175, E. E. T. S. 
 
 Rememorance, remembrance, Ibid., p. 2. 
 
 O. Fr. remSmorer. 
 To REMORD, v. a. Lit. to bite again; 
 
 hence, to question, search into, examine, test. 
 
 Addit. to Remoed, q. v. 
 
 . . . . that thay wald pance and prent, 
 Consider weill, and in thair held tak tent, 
 Remord thair mindis quhidder gif Chestitie 
 Be not mair clene, mair glorious, and hie 
 Triumphant stait, mair digne and eminent 
 Than Venus warkis with all hir dignitie ? 
 
 Rolland, Court of Venus, iii. 843, S. T. S. 
 In the Gloss, to this work, remord is improperly 
 rendered "to refresh the memory as conscience does ? " 
 
 REMYT, s. Remission, excuse, forgiveness. 
 
 Quho sal be thare to pray for thy remyt t 
 
 Kingis Quuir, st. 195, Skeat. 
 Lat. remittere, to send back, slacken, abate. 
 
 RENCH, Rensh, v. and s. Rinse. V. 
 Reenge. 
 
 RENDERED-FAT, Renderment, Render, 
 B. Dripping ; also called kitchen-fee, because 
 it is generally a perquisite of the family- 
 cook. V. Render. 
 
 To RENEW, Renewe. v. a. To make or 
 
 tell anew, to recount, rehearse ; Houlate, 1. 
 708. 
 
 Renewe, s. Renewal, repetition ; Kingis 
 
 Quair, st. 125, Skeat. 
 
 This form is an example of the tendency to drop the 
 affix which is common in the northern dialect, espec- 
 ially in the case of the part. pt. 
 
 To RENFORSE, v. a. To supply, succour, 
 reinforce ; pret. and part. pt. renforsit. 
 
 "Be that industreus martial act, he renforsit the 
 tonne witht victualis, hagbutaris, ande munitions." 
 Compl. Scotland, p. 6, E. E. T. S. 
 
 O. Fr. renforcer, to reinforce, strengthen. 
 
 RENT, Rente, s. Interest, annual payment 
 for the use of money, land, or property. 
 
 " The saidis provest, baillies, and counsall, thinkia 
 it now maist meit and expedient that the said soume 
 of five hundrethe merkis salbe imployit on yeirlie rent, 
 as it hes bene thir six yeiris bygane, for the help and 
 supporte of the ministrie of Godis worde within this 
 burgh in all tyme cumyng." Burgh Bees. Stirling, 
 Feb. 1612, p. 129. 
 
 " . . . the soume of ane hundrethe merkis, usuall 
 money of Scotland, to be imployed be the toun on rent 
 to the help of the ministrie of this burghe." Ibid., 
 Jan. 1611, p. 126. 
 
 O. Fr. rente, rent, annual payment. Cf. Ital. rendita, 
 rent, a corr. of Lat. reddita, fem. of pp. of reddere, to 
 render. 
 
 To REPERALL, v. a. V. Reparell. 
 
 REPET, s. A quarrel. V. Rippet. 
 
 REPLADGIATION, s. Replevin, act of 
 replevin; Burgh Recs. Peebles, p. 101, 
 Rec. Soc. V. Repledge. 
 
 REPORT, s. Narrative, story, record. 
 
 And than how he [Boece], in his poetly report, 
 In philosophy can him to confort. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 4, Skeat. 
 
 To REPOSSESSE, v. a. To give back to 
 the original owner ; Blame of Kirkburiall, 
 ch. 19 ; same as Repone, q. v. 
 
 To REPREHEND, v. a. To overtake, ap- 
 prehend ; to take one in the act. Lat. re- 
 prehendere. 
 
 " . . , it selbe lesum to quhatsumever nycht- 
 bour that reprehendis the layaris of the said f ulze to 
 tak the veschell that it sell happin to be brocht in, to 
 be keipit quhill thai be punyst for the braking of this 
 statut." Burgh Bees. Aberdeen, i. 156, Sp. C. 
 
 REPUDIE, s. Repudiation, divorce. 
 
 Quhen Diomed had all his appetyte. 
 And mair, fulfillit of this fair Ladie, 
 
 Upon ane uther he set his haill delyte. 
 And send to hir ane lybell of repudie. 
 And hir excludit fra his companie. 
 
 Henryson, Test. Cresseid, L 74. 
 
 0. Fr. repudier, to repudiate ; and prob. repudie is 
 short for repudiement. 
 
 REPUT, part. pt. Reputed, deemed ; Blame 
 of Kirkburiall, ch. 6. 
 
RES 
 
 [203] 
 
 RHY 
 
 RES AVE, Resaue, Resawe, v. a. Addit. 
 to Resaiff, q. V. 
 
 RESIGN, Resyng, Ressyng, s. Resigna- 
 tion ; the act of yielding up property or 
 office to another ; Burgh Recs. Peebles, 
 Oct. 1457, p. 120, Rec. Soc. 
 
 RESOLUTE, Resolit, adj. Resolved, well 
 considered, decided, final. 
 
 ". . . desyring the saidis burrowis conformitie 
 and resolute answer anent the establesching of," etc. 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, II. 191, Sp. C. 
 
 " . . . and to gif his resolit answer thairanent." 
 Ibid., p. 194. 
 
 Lat. resolutus, from resoluere, to loosen, take to 
 pieces ; hence to investigate, decide, resolve. 
 
 To RESP, V. a. To rub or scratch with 
 a rough surface ; to rub or grind away, 
 as with a file. Addit. to Resp, q. v. 
 
 Resp, s. a rasp or coarse file. 
 
 O. Fr. rasper (Mod. Fr. rdper) from 0. H. Ger. ras- 
 p6n, whence Ger. raspeln, to rasp. V. Skeat's Etym. 
 Diet. 
 
 To RESPAIT, Respate, Resplait, Res- 
 plate, V. a. To respite, delay. V. Re- 
 spect. 
 
 " . . . the assis resplaitit this quhil thai be for- 
 thir avisit with men of law. " Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 
 I. 401, Sp. 0. 
 
 The form resplatit occurs on p. 404 of same vol. 
 
 The word is still frequently pron. respate in the 
 West of S. 
 
 Respate, Resp ait, s. Respite. V. [Respit]. 
 
 RESPLAID, part. pt. Intermixed, worked 
 into each other ; combined, repeated, varied. 
 
 His hois thay war of the reid Skarlet maid, — 
 
 Begaryit all with sindrie silkis hew, 
 
 Of nedill wark richt richelie all resplaid. 
 
 Rolland, Court of Venus, i. 121, S. T. S. 
 In Gloss, improperly rendered, "having the edges 
 of the seams sewed down." 
 
 Cf. 0. Fr. replier, allied to resploiter (see Burguy), 
 "to redouble, to bow, fould, or plait into many doub- 
 lings ; to make to turne or wind in and out very 
 often ; " Cotgr. Formed from Lat. replicare. 
 
 To RESPLAIT, Reesplat, v. a. V. Re- 
 plait. 
 
 RESPONSAIL, s. Response, promise ; a 
 reading or forecast of the future, an as- 
 surance. 
 
 Upon Venus and Cuplde angerly 
 Scho cryit out, and said on this same wyse, 
 ' AUace ! that ever I maid you sacrifice, 
 Ye gave me anis ane devine responsaill 
 That I suld be the flour of luif in Troy, 
 Now am I maid an unworthie outwaill 
 And all in cair translatit is my joy.' 
 
 Henryson, Test. Cresseid, 1, 127. 
 L. Lat. responsalis, a letter written in answer to 
 another : see Ducange. Hearyson, however, used the 
 term in the sense of a response or reply of an oracle. 
 
 To RETEENE, Retene, v. a. To retain, 
 
 keep back, maintain ; Blame of Kirkburiall, 
 ch. 4. Lat. retinere. 
 
 To RETERE, v. a. and n. To retire, with- 
 draw ; Compl. Scotland, p. 15, E.E.T.S. 
 V. Reteir. 
 
 RETH, adj. A form of Raith, q. v. 
 
 RETHORIKE, s. Rhetoric ; Kingis Quair, 
 St. 196, Skeat. 
 
 Rethorikly, adv. Rhetorically ; Ibid., st. 7. 
 
 REU, s. A street ; the plane reu ; the open 
 or public street ; Compl. Scotland, p. 182, 
 E.E.T.S. Fr. rue. 
 
 REUTH, 8. Wild mustard seed. 
 
 REUYN, part. pt. Riven, torn. V. [Reue]. 
 
 REVE, s. Errat. in Dict. for ruhie, ruby ; 
 Awnt. Arth., xxxi. 4. 
 
 This is a misreading of Pinkerton's version. The 
 MS. has rebe, a mistake for rubie ; but the Thornton 
 MS. has rubyes. See Laing's version. 
 
 To REVE, Rewe, v. a. Forms of Rive, 
 with meaning to tear up, turn over, delve, 
 plough ; part. pt. revin, rewin, Burgh Recs. 
 Aberd., II. 345, 325, Sp. C; rewyn, Burgh 
 Recs. Glasgow, I. 454, Rec. Soc. Addit. 
 to Reve, Reue. 
 
 The use of rive in this sense is well illustrated by 
 the passage in Death and Dr. Hornbook, in which 
 Burns pities the poor grave-digger ruined by the skill 
 of the Doctor. 
 
 His braw calf- ward where gowans grew 
 
 Sae white and bonnie, 
 Nae doubt they'll rive it wi' the plew, 
 They'll ruin Johnnie ? 
 
 To REVERSE, Reuerss, v. a. To overlay, 
 to fold or lay back as a facing; part. pt. 
 reuerssede, Awnt Arth., ii. 3. Addit. to 
 Reverse, q. v. 
 
 See the quotation ixnder Bailed. 
 
 RHIND, s. V. Ri7id. 
 
 To RHUME, V. n. To talk nonsense, to rave; 
 Orkney. A form of Rhame, q. v. 
 
 RHYME, s. The covering membrane of 
 the skin, the intestines, etc. ; " the rhyme 
 side," the grain side or outer surface ; Burgh 
 Recs. Edinburgh, I. 29, Rec. Soc. 
 
 RHYME-PROOF, adj. Fit or determined 
 to resist all inducements to write poetry; 
 Burns. 
 
 Proof here has the same force as in shot-proof, or as 
 Burns has it, prief o' shot, i. e. , lit to resist the power of 
 shot, or not to be injured by shot or lead. 
 
 RHYMIN-WARE, s. Compositions in rhyme, 
 poetry, poems and songs. 
 
RIB 
 
 [204] 
 
 RIS 
 
 We'se gie ae night's discharge to care, 
 
 If we forgather, 
 An' hae a swap o' rhymin-ware, 
 Wi' ane anitlier. 
 Bums, First Ep. to Lapraik, st. 18. 
 
 In his Second Ep. to Davie he calls his poems rhymin 
 clatter. 
 
 EIBUP, KiBUPE, s. A musical instrument 
 of the violin kind, and played with a bow ; 
 Houlate, 1. 759. 
 
 Called also a rebec, and a ribibe. Nares states that 
 it was originally an instrument of two strings, then 
 three, till it was improved into the perfect instrument 
 of four strings. It is said to be a Moorish instrument. 
 
 Fr. rebec and rebebe ; Arab, rabab, Pers. rubdb. 
 
 KIBUS, s. Errat. in DiCT. for Rihup, q. v. 
 
 This is a misreading in Pinkerton's version. Bann. 
 MS. has ribup, and Asloan MS. ribupe. 
 
 RICE, Ryce, s. a twig. V. Rise. 
 RICK, s. V. DiCT. 
 
 Bick is simply a misprint for relick, the letters e, I, 
 having probably dropped out. The correct reading 
 sets the metre right also. Laing's ed. reads relict j see 
 vol. ii. p. 112. 
 
 RIDDIN'-KAIM, s. A redding-comb ; so 
 pron. in West of S. V. under Red. 
 
 RIDE, Reid, s. Spawn of fish or frogs. V. 
 Rude. 
 
 RIEF, s. Robbery ; plunder. V. Reif. 
 
 " . . . . the sleest paukie thief, 
 That e'er attempted stealth or rief. 
 Ye surely hae some warlock-breef 
 Owre human hearts. 
 Bums, Ep, to James Smith, st. 1. 
 
 Rief, Reif, Reaf, adj. Thieving, given to 
 plundering or robbing ; rief randies, thievish 
 beggars, plundering gypsies ; Burns. 
 
 RIFE, adj. Plentiful, abundant, common, 
 prevalent : also used in the sense of apt, 
 ready, quick, much given to, as in " He's 
 unco rife wi' his promises," i.e., he is very 
 ready in making promises. 
 
 The term is still common in the North of England. 
 V. Brockett's and Peacock's Gloss. 
 
 RIG, Ryg, s. a measure of land extending 
 to 240 paces by 6 paces, or 600 ft. by 15 
 ft. ; and containing 9000 sq. ft. A firlot of 
 oats was reckoned sufficient seed for a rig. 
 Addit. to Rig. 
 
 RIGING, s. Ridge, crown; "the riging of 
 the casey:" Burgh Recs. Glasgow, II. 236, 
 Rec. Soc. Addit. to Riggin. V. under 
 Rig. 
 
 EIGMAROLE, s. V. Dict. 
 
 The explanations of this term suggested by Jamieson 
 are fanciful and unsupported. 
 
 " There can be little doubt that it is a corruption of 
 ragman-roll, which was used in a very similar sense." 
 
 Wedgwood, s. v. Skeat gives the same explanation. 
 V. under Bagman. 
 
 To RIKE, Ryke, v. n. To reach. V. Reik. 
 
 Let me ryke up to dight that tear, 
 And go wi' me and be my dear, 
 And then your every care and fear 
 May whistle owre the lave o't. 
 
 Burns, Jolly Beggars. 
 
 A. -S. rcBcan, rcecean, to reach, attain to ; Mod. E. 
 rechen. 
 
 To RIN, RiNN, V. a. To melt. V. Rind. 
 
 This form represents the pron. in the West of S. 
 
 RIND, Rhind, Rine, Rin, Ring, Rong, 
 Rung, s. Various forms of Rand, Rond, 
 RooN, q. V. 
 
 When the list or selvage is narrow, it is generally 
 called a rind or rine : when it is of medium breadth, it 
 is a rand, ran, or rane, or a roond or roon ; and when 
 it is of the widest make, it is a rund, rung, or rong. 
 
 The rhind or rind is a term in golfing applied to the 
 wrapping of selvage on the handle of a club under the 
 leather, which is put on in order to thicken the grip of 
 the club. 
 
 Rinds are plaited or woven into a kind of cloth used 
 for the uppers of light shoes, which are therefore called 
 rind or riwe-shoon. Bands or roonds is the name gener- 
 ally given to remnants or strips of coarse cloth, carpet, 
 etc. used for the same purpose. Bunds, rungs, or 
 rongs, are the strong selvages of horse-cloths, girths, 
 etc., and are used as straps, bands, or runners. For 
 example, the slips of wood which form the bottom of 
 a bed are attached and kept in position by rungs. 
 Addit. to Boon, Boond. 
 
 Rind-Shoon, Rine-Shoon, s. pi. V. Roon- 
 Shoon. 
 
 RINEL, RiNNEL, s. A runlet, gutter ; Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, I. 78. V. Rinnee. 
 
 RING-BANE, s. An osseous growth on the 
 pastern joint of a horse : it is generally the 
 result of severe inflammation. E. ring-bone. 
 
 To RIPE, V. a. and n. To ripen, to grow or 
 become ripe ; part. pt. ripen. 
 
 "And to speak truth, I hae been flitting every term 
 these four-and-twenty years ; but when the time comes, 
 there's aye something to saw that I would like to see 
 sawn — or something to maw that I would like to see 
 mawn — or something to ripe that I would like to see 
 ripen — an' sae I e'en daiker on wi' the family frae 
 year's end to year's end." Sir W. Scott, Bob Roy, 
 ch. vi. 
 
 RIPPILL, s. and v. V. Ripple. 
 
 RIPPLE, s. A painful illness, deadly disease, 
 death-pang. Addit. to Ripples, q. v. 
 
 Auld Orthodoxy lang did grapple, 
 But now she's got an unco ripple ; 
 Haste, gie her name up i' the chapel, 
 
 Nigh unto death ; 
 See how she fetches at the thrapple, 
 
 An' gasps for breath. 
 
 Burns, Letter to Ooudie. 
 
 RISE, s. A steep bank rising abruptly from 
 a level surface. 
 
RIS 
 
 [205] 
 
 ROO 
 
 RIST, 5. A musical instrument ; prob. a 
 small stringed instrument of the lyre kind. 
 
 The rote and the recordour, the ribupe, the rist. 
 
 Houlate, 1. 759, Asloan MS. 
 
 That the rist was a stringed instrument is suggested 
 by the class of instruments with which it is grouped ; 
 and that it was of the lyre kind is made prob. by 
 Wright's Voc. , which gives wreste as the rendering of 
 Lat. plectrum ; and the name of the little ivory instru- 
 ment with which the lyre was played, was often used 
 poet, for a lyre. In Mod. E. a wrest is the name of the 
 instrument or key used for tuning a harp. 
 
 EOAK, RoKE, s. Forms of Rook, Rauk, 
 q. V. 
 
 ROARIN'-FOU, adj. and s. 1. As an adj., 
 
 in a noisy, boisterous mood through liquor. 
 
 That ev'ry naig was ca'd a shoe on. 
 The smith and thee gat roarin fou on. 
 
 Bums, Tarn o' Shanter. 
 
 2. As a 5., the noisy, boisterous state of in- 
 toxication. 
 
 ROBLOKKIS, s. pi. Lit., ragamuffins. A 
 contemptuous name for a family, a group 
 of followers or dependants, etc. ; Rob Stone's 
 Dream, p. 21, Mait. 0. V. Rabble, 
 Rabblach. 
 
 Gael, rioblach, ragged ; rioblaich, a ragged fellow. 
 ROBOUR, s. A keg, small barrel ; Burgh 
 Recs. Glasgow, I. 450. V. Roubbouris. 
 
 ROCK, s. A distaff ; also the stuff on the 
 distaff from which thread was spun by 
 twirling a ball or other form of weight 
 called a spindle. 
 
 There was an auld wife had a wee pickle tow. 
 
 And she wad gae try the spinning o't ; 
 She louted her down, and her rock took a low, 
 And that was a bad beginning o't. 
 
 Alex. Ross, The Rock and the Wee Pickle Toiv. 
 Bock here means the tow on the rock. 
 
 RODE, Rood, Roode, adj. and s. 1. As an 
 adj., red, ruddy. V. RuD. 
 
 2. As a 5., redness ; complexion, or more pro- 
 perly, the ruddy tint of the complexion ; 
 Awnt. Arth., xiii. 5. V. Rude. 
 
 RODY, Roddy, adj. Ruddy ; Kingis Quair, 
 st. 1, Skeat ; also used as a s. V. Ruddy. 
 
 ROE, s. V. Rew. 
 
 ROGH, adj. Rough. V. RocH. 
 
 ROIF, Rove, Ruve, Rufe, Ruff, s. Break, 
 pause, cessation ; hence, repose, quiet, peace. 
 Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 The defin. and deriv. of this term given in the DiCT. 
 are certainly wrong. For explanations see under 
 Bufe, V. 
 
 ROLK, s. A form of rokk, a rock, frequently 
 found in MSS. Addit. to Rolk, q. v. 
 
 Even in the most carefully written MSS. kk is fre- 
 quently written as Ik. This was simply a device of the 
 scribe to secure ease and speed in writing. Besides, in 
 all such forms the I was not sounded. 
 
 This explanation applies also to Roulk, which is 
 reall}' the 0. Fr. rauque. 
 
 ROME, V. and s. Growl, roar. V. Rame. 
 
 To ROND, Run, v. a. To shield. V. Band. 
 
 RONE, s. A shrub. V. Dict. 
 
 "The etym. of this word is Icel. runnr, not runne^ 
 nor runn, as stated." Skeat. 
 
 RONNE, part. pt. Run, berun : " blody 
 ronne," run over with blood ; Kingis Quair, 
 St. 55, Skeat. 
 
 ROOD-BROD, Rud-Brod, s. The altar- 
 box, offertory-plate : the plate, box, ladle^ 
 or other vessel used in collecting alms in a 
 church. So called from being laid on the 
 altar under the rood or cross. 
 
 "It is thocht expedient be the provest, baillies, and 
 counsall, that quhatsumevir persone being charget to 
 gaddir with the Rud brad, in the nycht preceding, that 
 he that refusis and gadderis nocht that he sail pay of 
 his awin purs als mykle as the samyn gyffis on Sonday 
 nixt preceding, or Sonday nixt following." Burgh 
 Recs. Stirling, p. 68. 
 
 ROOD-FAIR, RuiDFAiR, Rude-fair, s. 
 
 The name of an annual fair held in various 
 towns of Scotland, in May or September. 
 
 Those held in May were probably so named to com- 
 memorate the finding of the Holy Cross by St. Helena, 
 May 3, a.d. 328; and those held in Sept., to com- 
 memorate the recovery of the Cross by the emperor 
 Heraclius, Sept. 14, 615. These fairs were, in most 
 cases, instituted by the Church, and almost always 
 were under its patronage. 
 
 "In 1685 a confirmation by King James VII. of a 
 grant of the Marquisate of Huntly to George, Duke of 
 Gordon, included the patronage of the Church of Kil- 
 manerock, with a yearly fair called the Ruidfair, to 
 be held there on the 2nd of September." Grig. Paroch.^ 
 Vol. II., pt. 1, p. 174. 
 
 ROOK, s. A pile, small heap: as of hay. 
 V. Ruck. 
 
 To Rook, v. a. To collect into piles or heaps; 
 part, pt., rookit. 
 
 ROOM-FREE, Roum-Fre, Rowme-Fre, 
 adj. and adv. Free of cost, rent, or duty. 
 
 "About 1354 the land and tenement of Westersoft- 
 law were granted with the privilege of grinding com 
 roumfre at the mill of Mawell, on condition," etc. 
 Grig. Paroch., I. 448, Bann. C. 
 
 " . . . and als we find at the cornes of Corscun- 
 nyngfeld aucht to be roum fre in the myln of Peblis 
 to the fourty corne." Charters of Peebles, 18 Feb. 
 1484-5, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Room-free at a mill means multure-free, or free of 
 charge for grinding: and "roum fre to the fourty 
 corne," as in the passage above, means that the mul- 
 ture is fixed at one-fortieth of the melder, or that the 
 cost of grinding does not exceed one-fortieth of the 
 stuff". 
 
ROO 
 
 [206] 
 
 RUG 
 
 To sit room-free in a dwelling-house means to sit 
 rent-free ; and to hold a property room-free is to hold 
 it without paying the usual burghal duties. 
 
 ROOP, RooPY, RoopiT. V. Roup. 
 
 ROSSIN, part. pt. Roasted. 
 
 ". . . rossin in his bodye, as gif he hed bene 
 rossin in ane vne, " etc. Trials for Witchcraft, Spald. 
 Mis., I. 85, 1597. 
 
 "Vne," an oven. 
 
 ROTE, s. V. DiCT. 
 
 The musical instrument called the rote is really tha 
 crotta or crowd. sRitson's etym. is a mistake. See 
 Bote (2) in Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 ROTHE, RoYTH, s. The conditions and 
 rights of the Odaller as master of his own 
 house; Memorial for Orkney, p. 118. 
 
 ROTHMAN, ROTHISMAN, RoiTHISMAN, S. An 
 Odaller ; Rothismeri s sons, Odallers by 
 descent. V. Grievances of Orkney, App. 
 
 Icel. rcBthi, rule, management. 
 
 ROULE, RowLE, s. 1. A roll or piece of 
 cloth ; Halyburton's Ledger, p. 326. 
 
 2. A ruler for marking lines ; Ibid., p. 310. 
 O. Fr. role, roule, from Lat. rotulus, a roll. 
 
 ROULK, RoLK, adj. V. DicT. 
 
 For explanation of these forms see under Rolk above. 
 In 1. 2 of note, for "is sowlpit " read " as sowlplt." 
 
 ROUNCE, RouNCiE, Rouncy, s. A steed, 
 horse. V. Runsy. 
 
 ROUN-TREE, Roan-Teee, s. V. Dict. 
 
 ' ' The Scand, forms given under this entry are in- 
 correct. It is the Swed. ronn, Dan. ronn, Icel. reynir ; 
 and it has nothing to do with runes, as suggested." 
 Skeat. 
 
 ROUND, adj. Consisting of lumps, in large 
 pieces, free from dross : generally applied 
 to coal fit for household use. 
 
 RouNDY, adj. In the sense of roundish, i.e., 
 consisting of small lumps suitable for mend- 
 ing a fire ; without dross : syn. crunkly. 
 These terms are common in the N. of England also. 
 
 ROUND, s. Lit. a turn, course, in convivial 
 gatherings a toast, a simultaneous drinking 
 by a company ; Burns. 
 
 ROUP. To Cry a Roup. V. under Cry. 
 HOWMONT, s. Enrolment, decree, ordin- 
 ance. 
 
 " . . . produsyt ane rowmont of court of the 
 balye of kyll. " Burgh Recs. Prestwick, p. 60, Mait. 0. 
 
 O. Fr. roulement, that which is made into or entered 
 upon a roll ; from Lat. rotulamentum. 
 
 ROWSE, adj. Contr. for Rowanis, of or be- 
 longing to Rouen : Rowse cloth, cloth of 
 
 Rouen ; Halyburton's Ledger, p. 320. V. 
 [Rowane]. 
 To ROYNE, Rhyne, v. n. To grumble, 
 growl, mutter discontentedly; West of S. 
 
 V. QUHRYNE. 
 
 RUB ON THE GREEN. A term in golf- 
 ing, denoting a favourable or unfavourable 
 knock which one's ball may receive during 
 the game, for which no penalty is imposed, 
 and which must be submitted to. 
 
 RUBE, s. Ruby ; pi. rubes, Awnt. Arth., ii. 
 4, Lincoln MS. ; rybees. Douce MS. 
 
 RUOH, RuGH, adj. Rough. V. Rough. 
 RUCKLE, V. and s. V. Ruttle. 
 
 RUDIR, s. A rudder, helm ; rudirman, 
 
 a helmsman ; Compl. Scotland, p. 41, 
 
 E.E.T.S. M.E. rother, roder. 
 
 A.-S. rother, a paddle, an oar. The rudder was 
 called the steuer-ruder, the steer-paddle or steer-oar : 
 vessels having originally been steered by an oar work- 
 ing at the stern. V. Wedgwood's Etym. Dict. 
 
 To RUFE, V. n. To break, break off, pause, 
 stop, cease. Errat. in DiCT. V. Rufe. 
 
 This wid fantastyk lust but lufe 
 Dots so yung men to madness mufe 
 That thay ma nowtliir rest nor rufe 
 
 Till thay mischeif thair sellis. 
 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 77, Ed. 1882. 
 
 Rufe, Ruff, Ruve, Rove, Roif, s. Break, 
 interruption, pause, cessation ; hence, re- 
 pose, quiet, peace ; but roif, without pause, 
 incessantly. 
 
 Gloir to the Fader he aboif, 
 Gloir to the Sone for our behoif, 
 Gloir to the Haly Spreit of loif, 
 
 In trenefald vnitie ; 
 As wes, is, salbe ay, but roif, 
 Ane thre, and thre in ane, to proif 
 Thy Godheid nevir may remoif : 
 Lord God deliuer me. 
 
 75m;., p. 6. 
 His m3md sail moif but rest or ruve, 
 With diuerss dolouris to the deid. 
 
 IMd., p. 79. 
 Regarding the other forms of the word, see the illus- 
 trations given under Roif in Dict. 
 
 The definition and origin of the word there given 
 are certainly wrong, and do not suit the passages quoted, 
 much less do they suit those now given. 
 
 Boif and rest is not ' a mere pleonasm,' as Jamieson 
 suggests, but a phrase of frequent occurrence in popu- 
 lar poetry, meaning peace and rest, a break or pause in 
 work or worry permitting rest to the wearied or 
 worried one. 
 
 Bufe is from Icel. rjufa, to break, pause, interrupt ; 
 whence rof, a breach, opening, interruption ; and from 
 these the secondary meanings of repose, quiet, peace, 
 are easily obtained. 
 
 To RUG to, V. a. To snatch, seize : to rug 
 
 to one, to seize for oneself. Addit. to Ring, 
 
 q. v. 
 
 " Arripio, to plucke, or rug to me ; " Duncan, App. 
 Etym., 1595, ed. Small. 
 
RUI 
 
 [207] 
 
 RYN 
 
 RUIFF, s. Running water, streams. 
 
 " . . . terras suas de Petlevy cum toftis, croftis, 
 pasturia, privilegiis et le rwi^ ad easdem spectantibus." 
 Reg. Mag. Sig., 1513-1546, No. 2393. 
 
 Gael, ruith, flowing, act or state of flowing, as a 
 stream ; M 'Leod and Dewar. It may, however, be re- 
 lated to O. Fr. ravir, to bear away suddenly, Lat. 
 rapere. C£. ravine, a hollow worn by floods, from O. Fr. 
 ravine, rapidity, impetuosity ; see Skeat and Wedg- 
 ■wood. 
 
 RUN, part, and adj. Gone, completed, per- 
 fected : hence, complete, perfect, thorough, 
 out-and-out, habit-and-repute ; as^ a run- 
 knot, a complete knot, one that is tightly 
 drawn ; a ruw-deil, a thorough deil, a person 
 who is thoroughly wicked, also, a youth who 
 is exceedingly troublesome or continually 
 working mischief. 
 
 The Ladies arm-in-arm in clusters, 
 As great and gracious a' as sisters ; 
 But hear their absent thoughts o' ither. 
 They're a' run-deils an' jads thegither. 
 
 Burns, The Twa Dogs. 
 For men I've'three mischievous boys, 
 Run-deils for rantin' an' for noise. 
 
 Ibid. , The Inventory. 
 
 RUNCHECK, RuNSiCK, s. Wild mustard ; 
 Orkney. V. Runches. 
 
 These may be merely local varieties of the term 
 runches, by which the plant is known throughout the 
 central and southern counties of Scot. In Shetland it 
 is called rungy : see Edmonston's Gloss. 
 
 To RUND, Run, v. a. To shield. V. Rand. 
 
 To RUNG, V. a. To fix rungs or steps in a 
 ladder, or spokes in a wheel ; Burgh Recs. 
 Edinburgh, II. 348, 350. V. Rung, s. 
 
 RUN-METAL, s. Cast-iron: metal that 
 has been run into a mould, as opposed to 
 that which has been forged. Also called 
 pot-metal, pat-metal. 
 
 RUNTY, adj. Short and thick-set, stunted. 
 V. Runt. 
 
 To RUTE, V. n. To take root, be securely 
 planted. V. [Rute]. 
 
 To seis thy subiectis so in lufe and feir, 
 
 That rycht and reason in thy realme may rute. 
 
 God gife the grace aganis this gude new yeir. 
 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p, 11, ed. 1882. 
 
 RUTILLAND, Rutlande, part. pr. Croak- 
 ing. V. Buttle. 
 
 This term was left undefined by Jamieson. His 
 suggestion that it refers to the appearance of the raven 
 is a mistake : it refers to its rough voice, and is simply 
 a form of rattling, with the meaning implied in death- 
 rattle. 
 
 To RUTTLE, Rutle, Rutill, Ruckle, v. 
 n. To rattle ; to breathe or speak with a 
 rough rattling sound, as on the approach of 
 death, on account of cold, etc. : also, to 
 
 croak: part. pr. rutlande, Lyndsay, Papyngo, 
 1. 688 ; rutilland, see DiCT. 
 
 RuTTLE, Rutlin', Ruckle, Rucklin', s. 
 
 Rattle, rattling; the death-rattle, or any 
 noise occasioned by difficulty of breathing ; 
 also, a croak, croaking. 
 
 Dutch ratelen, to rattle, to make a hoarse or hard 
 rough sound. A.-S. hroetele, a rattling. 
 
 Buttle, both as a v. and as a s., is common in North 
 of Eng. also. V. Brockett. 
 
 RUWITH, adv. Errat. in Dict. for inwith, 
 
 within, inside. 
 
 A misreading in Pinkerton's version, as Jamieson 
 suspected. See Note in Dict. 
 
 RUYNE, s. A growl, curse. V. Ryne. 
 RYCE, Rys, Ryss, s. A twig. V. Rise. 
 
 RYELL, s. A coin. V. Rial. 
 RYIM, s. Rime, hoar frost ; Compl. Scot., p. 
 59, E.E.T.S. A.-S. hrim. 
 
 To RYKE, V. n. To reach. V. Rike. 
 
 RYNDALE, s. A term apparently equivalent 
 to RUNRIG, q. V. 
 
 ". . . et lie Fieldland jacentem r2/nc?aZe in tend- 
 torio de Cottis." Reg. Mag. Sig., 1513-1546, No. 3186. 
 
 To RYNDE, Rynd, v. a. To melt. V. 
 
 Rind. 
 To RYNE, Rhyne, Royne, Ruyne, v. n. 
 
 To growl, grumble, croak, mutter, curse. 
 
 V. QUHRYNE. 
 
 Ryne, Rhyne, Royne, Ruyne, s. A growl,, 
 grumble, croak, curse. 
 
 Thus leit he no man his peir ; 
 Gif ony nech wald him neir, 
 He bad thaim rebaldis orere, 
 With a ruyne. 
 
 Houlate, 1. 910, Asloan MS. 
 
 Rynin, Roynin, Ruynin, s. Grumblings 
 croaking, complaining. 
 
 A.-S. hrinan, Icel. hrina, to squeal like a pig, to- 
 growl, grumble, complain. 
 
 RYN-MART, Ryn-Mutton, Ryn-Wedyr, 
 s. V. under Rhind Mart. 
 
 The explanation of these terms offered by Jamieson 
 is not satisfactory ; but no betterone has been suggested. 
 It is useless to speculate regarding them, for the terms 
 have long since passed out of use. See under Mart. 
 
 To RYNSE, RiNGE, Reinge, v. a. To rinse, 
 lave, clear, clean, purify. Addit. to Reenge, 
 q.v. 
 
 And in Aquary, Citherea the clere 
 Rynsid hir tressis like the goldin wyre. 
 
 Kingis Qicair, st. 1, Skeat. 
 
 Rynse, Reinge, s. A rinsing, scouring, cleans- 
 ing, washing. Addit. to RiNGE, s. 2, q. v. 
 
 Rynser, Rwger, Reinger, s. A rinser. 
 Addit to Reenge, s. 1, q. v. 
 
SE 
 
 [208] 
 
 SAI 
 
 s. 
 
 'S, 'Se, -s, -se. Besides the possessive case of 
 nouns, these forms represent — 
 
 1. The pronoun Ms ; as in '' till's ain time 
 comes." 
 
 Had rowth o' gear, and house o's ain, 
 And beef laid in an' a'. 
 Alex. Wilson's Poems, ii. 369, ed. 1876. 
 
 2. The present tense of the verb to have, or 
 has, which is still used both in sing, and pi. ; 
 as in " Thou 'se nathing to fear ; " '* We 'se 
 got it, an' we 'se keep it," i.e., we've got it 
 and we'll keep it ; see under s. 4, below. 
 
 I'll clout my Johnie's gray breeks, 
 For a' the ill he's done me yet. 
 
 Song, Johnie's Gray Breeks. 
 Wee modest crimson-tipped flow'r, 
 Thou's met me in an evil hour ; 
 For I maun crush amang the stour 
 Thy slender stem. 
 Burns, To a Mountain Daisy, st. 1. 
 
 or IS, 
 
 3. The present tense of the verb to I 
 which is still used in both numbers. 
 
 There's nae luck about the house, 
 When our guidman's awa. 
 
 Hector MacneU. 
 
 Jenny and her jo's come. 
 
 Old Song. 
 
 4. They represent the verb sal. Old Northern 
 form of shall; and therefore express (in a 
 future sense) purpose, determination, etc. 
 In some cases the present also is included ; 
 as in " Tse no do that," i.e., I'll not do that, 
 I shall not do it now or ever. 
 
 But, Tse hae sportin by and by, 
 
 For my gowd guinea ; 
 The' I should herd the Buckskin kye 
 
 For't, in Virginia. 
 
 Burns, Epistle to Rankin. 
 
 In this sense 's, 'se should, more correctly, be writ- 
 ten s'y thus, "Is' no do that," i.e., I shall not do that. 
 
 "He's, probably short for Jie sal (he will); still in 
 use in the North of England." Note to The Two 
 Noble Kinsmen, iii. 2, 22, ed. Skeat, 1875. For fur- 
 ther explanation see Dr. Murray on Scot. Dialects, p. 
 216. 
 
 ■5. In the same sense they express a promise, 
 threat, etc. ; as in, " Ye'se get mair than ye 
 bargain for." 
 
 But Mauchline race or Mauchline fair, 
 I should be proud to meet you there : 
 We'se gie ae nicht's discharge to care 
 
 If we forgather, 
 An' hae a swap o' rhymin-ware 
 
 Wi' ane anither. 
 
 Burns, Ep. to Lapraik, 
 
 The following stanza, from the old version of " The 
 Weary Pund o' Tow," is remarkable for the number 
 and variety of the examples of 's and 'se which it con- 
 tains. 
 
 O weel's us a' on our guidman. 
 
 For he's come hame, 
 Wi' a suit o' new claes ; 
 
 But sarkin he's got nane. 
 Come lend to me some sarkin, 
 
 Wi' a' the haste ye dow. 
 And ye'se be weel pay'd back again, 
 
 When ance I spin my tow. 
 
 SAC CADGE, s. Sack, pillage, plundering. 
 
 " . . . for the misery iuflictd by the Gothes at 
 the saccadge of Rome." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 2. 
 Fr. sac, ruin, spoil ; from Lat. saccus, a sack, bag. 
 * ' From the use of a sack in removing plunder ; " 
 Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 SACHT, part. pt. Reconciled. V. Saucht. 
 
 SACKLESS, Sakles, adj. V. Saikless. 
 
 SACRAND, Sacryng, Sacryn, adj. Sacring, 
 i.e., giving notice of sacred or holy services ; 
 " the sacrand bell," Dunbar and Kennedy, 
 1. 160 ; Mait. Club Misc., iii. 203. 
 
 Sacrand is the old sacring, the pres. part. 
 
 " Sacring hell, the little bell rung at mass to give 
 notice that the elementsare consecrated [i.e., are being 
 consecrated] ; see Henry VIII., iii. 2, 295;" Schmidt 
 Shakespeare's Lexicon. 
 
 SAGRISTANE, Segstar, s. A sexton. 
 
 E. sacrist and sacristan. 
 
 Sagristane ; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 1503, i. 72, Sp. 0. 
 Segstar; Ibid., 1531, i. 143. 
 
 SAIG, Saige, s. Forms of Sege, q. v. ; see 
 
 also under Sege. 
 
 To SAIG, V. a. To press down. V. Sag, 
 
 Seg. 
 
 SAILLIE, Sailye, Sally, s. A projection ; 
 outjutting; applied to a room, gallery, or 
 other building projecting beyond the face 
 of a house or wall. 
 
 The saillie or sailye was a device to enlarge the rooms 
 of houses built in the narrow streets and lanes of olden 
 times ; specimens of which may still be seen in many of 
 our large towns. It was adopted also as a means of 
 defence in fortified castles, city walls, &c. ; and gave a 
 massive frowning appearance to the battlements. 
 When so used, it was called a corbalsailye, q. v. 
 
 O. Fr. saillie, a projection; "an eminence, iutting 
 or bearing out beyond others ; " Cotgr. Fr. saillir, to 
 to go out, issue forth, project. 
 
 SAIL-STONE, Saile-Staxe, s. The stone 
 
 for sailing by, i.e., the lodestone, magnet. 
 
 " Magnes, the adamant, the saile-stone." Duncan's 
 App. Etym., ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 SAIM, Seim, Seem, Seam, s. Fat, lard; 
 but generally applied to hog's-fat, hog's- 
 lard. V. [Same]. 
 
 When used in the sense of hog's fat or hog's-lard, 
 saim is short for hog's-saim. This is shown by the 
 
SAI 
 
 [209] 
 
 SAL 
 
 other compounds still in use, such as hen-saim, goose- 
 saim, sioine-saim. The word is pron. both saim and 
 seam. 
 
 Saim is not from A. -S. seim, as is frequently stated, 
 but from O. Fr. saim, lard, contr. from L. Lat. sagi- 
 men ; of. saginare, to fatten. V. Burguy, s. v. 
 
 "The A.-S. seim is easily seen to be a fiction, be- 
 cause the diphthong ei is unknown in A.-S. MSS." 
 Skeat. 
 
 tsAIR, adj. Severe, greedy, undue. Addit. 
 
 to Sair, q. V. 
 
 " Complaint of the baxtaris and maltmen aganis 
 David Graheme, custummair, for trubling of thaim in 
 the wrangus and sat?- taking of thair custum." Burgh 
 Recs. Stirling, 1546-7, p. 46. 
 
 SAIR, Sairin. V. Ser. 
 
 SAKAR, s. A purser, treasurer. 
 
 " Comperit in the said feussit court dene George 
 Esok, subprior of Cambusschennocht, and dene John 
 Arnot, sakar of the said place, and thar requirit the 
 said Duncan Patonsoun to pay thame ane stane of talk 
 or of xvjd., eftir the forme and tenor of thar chartour," 
 Burgh Kecs. Stirling, 17 January, 1520-1. 
 
 "It was fundin be the inquest that Duncan Bow- 
 sould mak the pot that he keist to dene Johen Arnot, 
 ^akar of Cambussckennecht, ane gude sufficient pot." 
 Ibid., 23 Oct., 1525. 
 
 L. Lat. saccus, a bag, purse ; saccare, to put into a 
 bag; Ducange. 
 
 SALAR, Saler, Salure, s. A salt-cellar. 
 Addit. to Saler, q. v. 
 
 S ALL AT, Sallet, Sellet, s. A helmet. 
 V. Sellat. 
 
 Sallat-Oil, Sellett-Oyle, s. A coarse 
 kind of oil used in polishing helmets, in 
 cleaning armour, domestic utensils, etc. 
 Rates of Customs, 1612, Haly burton's 
 Ledger, p. 311. 
 
 Frequently called, and written sallad-oil; but not to 
 be confounded with the pure, sweet oil now called 
 salad-oil. See Palmer's Folk Etymology, p. 338 
 
 0. Fr. salade, a sallet or head piece ; see Cotgr. 
 
 SALMON, s. The great and inviolable oath 
 
 of the Scottish gipsies ; a corr. of O. Fr. 
 
 sarment, an oath. 
 
 "She swore by the salmon, if we did the kinchin no 
 harm, she would never tell how the ganger got it." 
 Sir W. Scott, Guy Mannering, ch. xxxiv. 
 
 SALMON-TAIL, S almond -Taill, Sal- 
 mont-Taill, Samont-Taill, Saumont- 
 Taill, s. The tail-piece of a salmon, the 
 portion extending from the vent or anal-fin 
 to the tip of the tail. 
 
 This portion of the fish, being the cheapest, was much 
 in demand by the lower classes in Glasgow. But as 
 the population increased, and the salmon did not, this 
 article of food naturally rose in price : a result which 
 the people stoutly resisted, and which they attributed 
 simply to the greed of the magistrates and of their ser- 
 vant the breaker or salesman of salmon at the public 
 stocks. Troubled by the continued clamour and re- 
 peated charges against this public servant, the magis- 
 trates at length were compelled to take action ; and, 
 
 (Sup.) C 2 
 
 probably understanding the real cause of the rise in 
 price, and foreseeing that the rise must increase rather 
 than abate, they tried to steer a middle course by draw- 
 ing out a scale of charges w^hich apparently fixed the 
 price of the article, but at the same time gave oppor- 
 tunity for its advance. The following was their resolu- 
 tion, which was generally accepted throughout the city 
 as " the law of salmon tails." 
 
 "The pro vest, bailyeis, and counsall, wnderstanding 
 the grait abuse done and committit by William Ander- 
 sone, present breker of the salmound, in taking sutche 
 grait and exorbitant pryces for the taillis of salmound 
 att his awin pleasour and optioun, far exceiding the 
 prycis that war wont to be takine of old ; for remeiding 
 quhairof it is statut and ordaiiit that the said William, 
 nor na vtheris the breckeris of salmound att the tonnes 
 comnioun stock, tak na mair for salmound taillis heir- 
 efter except the pryces following, viz. aught pennies 
 for the taill of ane lytill salmound, and sextein pennis 
 for the taill of ane meikle salmound, and that vuder 
 the pane of deprivatioun presentlie, the samein being 
 tryit ; and yeit, for the regard thej beir to the said 
 William, they will oversie him to tak, during thair 
 willis onlie, tuelff pennis for the taill of ane lytic sal- 
 mound, and twa schillings for the taill of ane meikle 
 salmound." Burgh Ptecs. Glasgow, 13 April, 1638, 
 vol. i., p. 387, Kec. Soc. 
 
 For a time peace was restored, and the sale of the 
 town's salmon went on quietly ; but as the demand far 
 exceeded the supply, the breker felt he could get a bet- 
 ter price for the tails, and was tempted to adopt ques- 
 tionable practices in order to secure it. Fish of medium 
 size he cut slightly above the crumb or vent, that their 
 tails might look like tails of "meikle salmound," and 
 so fetch the highest price. Again the outcry against 
 the salmon-breaker was raised, his greed and his mal- 
 practices became subjects of public talk ; and the 
 poor, who could no longer be purchasers, declared they 
 were wronged and oppressed. Once more the magis- 
 trates were compelled to deal with the case ; and as 
 the breaker was clearly in fault his dismissal was all 
 but resolved on. However, by judicious apologies 
 before the council, and through the influence of 
 powerful friends outside, he was retained in office ; 
 but he was strictly bound down to the law of tails, 
 and to implicit obedience thereto by the threat of 
 instant dismission should he offend again. At the 
 same time the council expressed its sympathj' with 
 the people by fixing a new scale of charges, and 
 reducing the highest price of a tail from two shillings 
 to twenty pence, Scotch. There, however, their sym- 
 pathy ended : for the prices they then fixed were 
 considerable in advance of those of 1638. The ordin- 
 ance of the council on this occasion was as follows : — 
 
 "The pro vest, bailleis, and counsall, taking to ther 
 cousideratioune the great wrongis and abuissis done be 
 the breker of the salmount, in taking far greater and 
 moir exorbitant pryces for the tails of salmount nor 
 hes bein done heirtofoir or allowed be the counsall 
 conforme to the act sett doun theranent vpon the 
 threttein day of Aprill 1638 ; the saids provest, 
 bailleis, and counsall now ordain that he tak no moir 
 for the taile of ilk salmount he breks of the pryce of 
 twentie schilings and benethe but twelff penneis Scotea 
 moneye allanerlie ; and for the taill of ilk salmount he 
 breks that is of the pryce betuixt twentie and threttie 
 schilings, sextein penneis ; and for the taill of ilk sal- 
 mound that is above threttie or fourtie schilings, or 
 aboN'e, of his broking, twentie penneis Scotes moneye ; 
 swa that the dearest tail of salmound that he sail brek 
 sail not exceid the said soume of tuentie penneis 
 moneye. And that he sail be heirby bund and 
 astrictit to lay the tails of the salmount to these partes 
 that he sail brek, that gif it be the buyers will and 
 desyr to have the tail with that pairt of the fische they 
 buy, that the persone sail have it to whom it sail fall 
 
SAL 
 
 [210] 
 
 SAN 
 
 be lot or cavill, the said breker sail rander the samein 
 vpon payment of the pryces on the tails as is above 
 writtin, having respect to the pryces of the salmound 
 as it is above specefeit. Nather sail it be leasum to 
 him to cutt the salmound above the crumbe or any 
 pairte therof. And gif it sail happen him to contra- 
 vein in any of the premisis heirefter he is presentlie to 
 be dischargeit of his said charge and haill casualties he 
 hes therby, and never to be readmitit therto," Burgh 
 Recs. Glasgow, ii. 67-8, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Such was the famous ' Law of Salmon Tails ' to 
 which in after years the people of Glasgow frequently 
 appealed. But it is now only a record of the past. 
 The Clyde, which then was one of the best salmon 
 rivers in Scotland, is now noted for something so very 
 different, that from Dumbarton to Rutherglen no 
 salmon could live in it. 
 
 To SALLY, Saully, v. n. To move or run 
 from side to side, as children do in certain 
 games, and as workmen do on board a ship 
 after it is launched ; to rock or swing from 
 side to side, like a small boat at anchor; 
 also, to rise and fall, like a ship on a rough 
 sea. 
 
 Sally, Saully, s. A run from side to side ; 
 a rush or dash ; a swing from side to side, 
 rocking ; a continuous rising and falling, a 
 sail in a small boat over rough water ; the 
 swinging or bounding motion of a ship at 
 sea. 
 Fr. saillir, to issue forth, bound, leap. 
 
 SALT. V. under Salt-fat, in Dict. 
 
 To the note on Spilling Salt add the following :— 
 Spilling salt at table was formerly reckoned a serious 
 and ominous accident, presaging a quarrel between the 
 person spilling the salt and the person towards whom 
 the spilled salt fell. The seriousness of the quarrel 
 was indicated by the quantity spilled ; and the extent 
 or endurance of it by the surface over which the salt 
 spread. The accident was in any case a matter of 
 grave concern to the parties interested ; but it was of 
 gravest import if they happened to be relatives, and 
 above all if they were members of the same family and 
 household. 
 
 To Cast Salt Upo' Ane's Tail. This 
 expression is used in various ways, but 
 the most common applications are to take 
 one unawares, to get the better of one in 
 argument, in bargain-making, or by means 
 of some sly, underhand trick. 
 
 Burns in fond praise of his faithful, oft-tried, riding 
 mare, Jenny Geddes, said she could outstrip even " the 
 fleet dawn," for he could, with fitting opportunity, — 
 
 . . . when auld Phoebus bids good morrow, 
 Down the zodiac urge the race, 
 And cast dirt on his godship's face : 
 For I could lay my bread and kail, 
 He'd ne'er cast saut upo' thy tail. 
 
 Burns, Ep. to Hugh Parker 
 
 SALUTE, pret. and part. pt. Saluted. 
 
 With ane humble and lamentable chere 
 Thus salute I that goddesse bryght and clere. 
 
 The Kingis Quair, st. 98, ed. Skeat. 
 
 SALVED, Salued, pret. and pa7± pt. 
 Healed, doctored; Awnt. Arthur, 17, 12. 
 
 SAMBUTES, s. pL Housings, saddle- 
 cloths; Awnt. Arth., i. 11, MS. Douce. 
 Addit. to Sambutes, q. v. 
 
 Jamieson's etym. of this term is defective. The word 
 has come from L. Lat. sambnta, contracted sabiita, 
 ' ' curris vel equi ornatus ; " Ducange. 
 
 SAMEABILL, Semlabill, adj. Similar,^ 
 like; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 1. 320. 
 
 Sameahill is prob. a mistake for samlabill : the tran- 
 scriber having misread a short I as an e. The form sem- 
 labill occurs in p. 317 of same vol. 
 
 SANAP, s. A napkin ; Awnt. Arth. 35, 8. 
 Errat. in Dict. 
 
 Delete the entry under this heading in Dict. The 
 phrase "sanapes and salers" means napkins and salt- 
 cellars ; and the use of the sanap is clearly indicated 
 by the full form of the name — a savenappe. The 
 Prompt. Parv. gives, " sanop, manutergium, mantile."^ 
 See Sir F. Madden's ed. of Sir Gawayne. 
 
 SAND-BLIND, Saan-Blin, adj. V. Dict. 
 
 As noted by Jamieson, this term has various applica- 
 tions ; but it always implies that the person so afflicted 
 is partially blind. Lit. it means half-blind, and is a 
 corr. of O. Eng. sam-blind : from A.-S. sdm, half, and 
 blind, blind. See Palmer's Folk Etymology, p. 339. 
 
 SANBE, part. pt. V. Dict. 
 
 Delete this entry in Dict. Sande is a misreading of 
 Saude, sewed, embroidered ; q. v. 
 
 SANDEL, Sandil, s. The sparling or 
 smelt : lit. little sand-fish. West of S. 
 
 SANDEL, s. Silk. V. Sendal. 
 
 SANDERS, Saunders, Sanners, Sauners,, 
 
 s. 1. Abbrev. of Alexander. V. Sandie. 
 
 This abbrev. of the name, in all its various forms, is 
 generally applied to an elderly person ; and its equiva- 
 lent Sandie is applied to younger persons. This dis- 
 tinction is almost constantly observed in families 
 where father and son are named Alexander. For ex- 
 ample, a wife will say to her husband as he leaves 
 home on some errand : — " Sanders, gin you see Sandie 
 on the road sen' him hame." In a similar way the 
 forms Sandie or Sannie and Sannock are employed. 
 
 2. A ludicrous and familiar name tor the 
 
 devil: sometimes the adjective aidd or auV 
 
 is prefixed. 
 
 Considering the religious bias and upbringing of the 
 Scottish people, it is surprising to find in their voca- 
 bulary so many familiar and jocular names for the devil, 
 and so many playful allusions to his abode, his charac- 
 ter, and his wiles. In our old popular poetry, but 
 specially in our older proverbs, and in the familiar 
 sayings of every day life, this grim humour is of fre- 
 quent occurrence ; but generally there is an air of 
 geniality about it, and very seldom does it appear in 
 an offensive or irreverent form. See Burns' Address to 
 the Deil, and the following passage of later date. 
 
 It had been good for you and me. 
 
 Had mither Eve been sic a bt auty. 
 She soon would garr'd auld Saunders flee 
 
 Back to his dungeon dark and sooty. 
 
 Alex. Rodger, Whistle Binkie, i. 127. 
 
SAN 
 
 [211 J 
 
 SAU 
 
 SANDS. To tali the sands, to flee the 
 country, seek safety in flight ; Burns. 
 
 SANG, My Sang, Ma Sang. A veil'd oath ; 
 a corr. of the O. Fr. oath, Tja Sangue, or La 
 Sangue Dieu. Addit. to Sang, q. v. 
 
 Delete the last para, of the entry in DiCT. Jamieson 
 was misled by his etym. of this term, which is a mere 
 fancy. 
 
 SANGSTER, s. A songster, singer ; also, a 
 collection of songs or of song-tunes. V. 
 
 Sang. 
 
 " Oscen, qui ore canit ; a sangster, a singing foule 
 shewing things to come ;" Duncan's App. Etym., ed. 
 Small, E.D.S. 
 
 ■SANNOCK, s. A dimin. of Sannie, Sandie, 
 &c.; an abbreviation of Alexander. 
 
 An' L — remember singing Sannock, 
 
 Wi' hale breaks, saxpence, and a bannock. 
 
 Burns, Letter to James Tennant. 
 
 SAP, Sapp, s. a bunch, clump ; the sap, a 
 kind of bait used in eel-fishing, consisting 
 of a number of worms strung on woollen 
 yarn and formed into a bunch or clump ; 
 West of S. V. Sop. 
 
 To Sap, Sapp, v. n. To fish with the sap ; 
 part. pr. sapping. 
 
 This mode of fishing for eels is practised in salt 
 water as well as fresh, and is still followed at the 
 mouth of tidal rivers on the east coast of England. 
 There also it is called by the same name sapping. V. 
 Life of Frank Buckland, p. 217. 
 
 Sap is simply a form of sop, a round compact mass, 
 from Icel. soppr, a ball ; see under Soppe. 
 
 SAP, Saup, s. a quantity, lot: applied to 
 
 liquids, and generally to liquor. West of 
 
 S., Orkney. 
 
 These are prob. local forms of Soup, Sup, q. v. The 
 term generally implies a small quantity or lot, and is 
 often used by persons wishing to extenuate the quan- 
 tity of liquor they have consumed. 
 
 SAPE, s. Soap. V. Saip. 
 
 SARGE, s. A taper ; B. R. Aberd., I. 206, 
 Sp. C. V. Serge. 
 
 SARKIE, s. Dimin. of Sark, q. v. 
 
 SATOURE, s. Del. this entry in Dict., 
 
 and see Fatoure. 
 
 Satoure is a misreading of fatoure, a deceiver ; and 
 all the editions of The Kingis Quair have this mistake, 
 except the one by Prof. Skeat, which has fatoure. 
 Sibbald reads /ea<or, this also is wrong. 
 
 SAUCHTER, Sawschir, s. Forms of 
 
 Sauser, q. v. Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 The meaning which Jamieson suggested for these 
 forms is a mistake ; so also is the etymology. And 
 very probably sauchter is a misreading or a miswriting 
 of sauchter or saucher. However, the meaning is 
 simply saucer, figure or emblem of a saucer, a saucer- 
 shaped cavity. V. Sauser. 
 
 To SAUOHTINE, v. a. To reconcile, make 
 peace between. V. Saucht. 
 
 Dear laydy, yet thu succure me 
 And sauchtine me and thi sowne, 
 That I ma cume with hym to wyne 
 And bruk Ms blys. — 
 
 Barbour, Legends of the. Saints. 
 A.-S. sa/it, reconciliation. The M. Eng. verb to re- 
 concile was sahtlen, from A.-S. sahtlian. See under 
 Saucht in Dict. 
 
 SAUDE, part. ft. Sewed, embroidered, 
 ornamented. 
 
 Here sadel sette of that ilke 
 Saude with sambutes of silke. 
 
 Awnt. Arthure, 2, 11, MS. Douce. 
 
 Misprinted sande in Pinkerton's version. 
 Sir F. Madden with hesitancy suggested "served" 
 as the meaning of this term ; but that it is simply a 
 form of sewed (indeed, it represents a pron. that is still 
 common), is confirmed by the reading of the Lincoln 
 MS., which is — 
 
 Hir sadill semyde of that ilke 
 Semlely sewede with sylke. 
 
 SAUF, Saufe, adj. Safe, secure ; as, " in 
 sauf keepin'." " Hir worschip sauf," her 
 honour being kept safe ; Kingis Quair, str 
 143, ed. Skeat. 
 
 To Sauf, v. a. To save, preserve, keep 
 safe, protect. Addit. to Sauf, v., q. v. 
 
 SAUFFER, Saulffer, Saifare, Saw- 
 Silver, s. Salvage money; Register 
 Priv. Council, VII. 148, 712, 721, 728, 744- 
 5. V. Safer, Saughe. 
 
 SAULLY, V. and s. V. Salli/. 
 
 SAUNIE, Sawnie, Sawny, s. 1. Abbrev. 
 for A lexander. V. Sandie. 
 
 2. A ludicrous and familiar name for the 
 devil. V. under Sanders. 
 
 She turns the key wi' cannie thraw, 
 An' owre the threshold ventures ; 
 But first on Sawnie gies a ca', 
 Syne bauldly in she enters ; 
 A ratton rattl'd up the wa', 
 An' she cry'd Lord preserve her ! 
 An' ran thro' midden-hole' an' a', 
 An' prayed wi' zeal an' fervour, 
 Fu' fast that night. 
 
 Burns, Halloioeen, st. 22. 
 
 To SAUNT, V. n. To varnish ; Burns. V. 
 
 Sant. 
 
 SAUSER, Sawser, Saser, Suaser, 
 
 Saucher, Sawschir, s. The figure or 
 
 emblem of a saucer; a saucer-shaped cavity 
 
 on the top of the march -stones of the lands 
 
 belonging to the city of Aberdeen, and called 
 
 ' the town's mark.' ^The term is also used as 
 
 an adj. 
 
 In perambulating the marches on 15th June, 1615, 
 the party came to a place " quhair thay fand ane 
 merche stane perfytelie merkit with the signe of the 
 sauser, finding the same to be ane of the towne of 
 
SAU 
 
 [212] 
 
 SCA 
 
 Aberdeines merches of propertie." Burgli Recs. Aber- 
 deen, ii. 322, Sp.C. And having traced the old march- 
 line through the greater part of its course, " and keip- 
 and the said aulde merche rod, stane be stane as thay 
 ar merkit with the said signe of the sauser . . . 
 till it come to ane great sauser stane merkit with twa 
 saiisei's" (Ibid., p. 325), the party then turned east- 
 ward ; and still tracing the boundary line they came 
 to "merche stanes merkit with ane sauser and ane 
 key," and also to "twa merche stanes merkit with 
 Sanct Peiteris key," which marked the boundary "of 
 auld betuixt the landis of Sanct Peteris hospitall and 
 the said towne of Aberdeines landis." Ibid., p. 326. 
 And soon afterwards the perambulation was completed. 
 
 Regarding the origin of this sauser-merk, or how it 
 came to be adopted by the burgh, no information can 
 now be obtained ; but the following statement in ex- 
 planation of the mark occurs in the Council Register 
 of 6th May, 1580, in a record regarding the marches of 
 a certain portion of the town-lands. It runs thus : — 
 " The first me.che of the saidis Justice Mylnis begynnis 
 at the graye stane quhair it is pottit and ingrauit the 
 towns common mark vitht ane sauser, and swa callit 
 the sawser stane, lyand in the burne betuixt the landis 
 of the Justice Mylnis and the lands of Ferrihill." 
 
 The term is repeatedly used as an adj., meaning of 
 or with the saiicer-mark, saucer-like ; and sometimes 
 in the sense of saucered, marked with the saucer-mark. 
 Thus :— 
 
 ". . . to the held of the den of Murthill quhair 
 thair is ane great sauser stane on the south syde of the 
 myir at the heid of the said den ; and fra the said 
 marche stane," etc. Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, ii. 323, 
 Sp.C. 
 
 ". . . quliilk stane wes ordanit to be helpit in 
 the suaser mark thairof . " Ibid. , p. 322. 
 
 To Sauser, Sawser, Saser, v. a. To cut a 
 saucer-shaped mark on a block of wood or 
 stone, to mark or engrave the figure of a 
 saucer: part. pt. sauserit, saserit, marked 
 with the figure of a saucer, as in the phrase, 
 " ane saserit stane." 
 
 " . . . quhair thair wes ane merche stane ordanit 
 to be saivserit with the townes mark. " Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, ii, 322. 
 
 A saucer was originally a vessel for sauce. 0. Fr. 
 sauce, from Lat. salsa, a thing salted. 
 
 SAUT, s. and v. Salt. 
 
 To SAUVE, Saufe, Sau, Saw, v. a. To 
 salve, anoint : also to alleviate, heal, cure. 
 
 This term occurs in various Scot, proverbs. " Save 
 a' ye can : it will help to sauve a sair fit ;" i.e., it will 
 be a means of support in time of need. 
 " They wha freely ser the dell 
 Hae little to sau the sairs o' eil'. " 
 A.-S. sealf, ointment : Du. zalf: M.E. salue. 
 
 SAVORCOLL, Savorcoil, s. A wood- 
 cutter or sawyer, a forester ; pi. savorcollis 
 savorcoilis. 
 
 " Ordanis the thesaurer to pay four pundis mouie to 
 the agent of burrowis for persute the werkmen in 
 clachanis and savorcoilis ; and it sail be allowit be the 
 counsale." Charters of Stirling, Appendix ii. p. 219. 
 
 Gael, sdbhair, a sawyer or cutter, and coille, a wood, 
 forest, or grove. V. M'Leod and Dewar. 
 
 SAVOUROUS, Sauourous, Sauorus, adj. 
 Wholesome, nutritious. V. Savour. 
 
 Mendis and medicine for all mennis neidis, 
 Help till hert and till hurt, helefuU it was, 
 Vnder the circle solar thir sauourous sedis 
 Were nurist be dame Nature, that nobill maistres. 
 
 Houlate, 1. 31, Baun, MS. 
 
 Asloan MS. has sauorus. In Pinkerton's version it 
 was printed sanourous, which Jamieson rendered 
 "healing, medicinal ;" see DiCT. 
 
 To SAW, Sau, v. a. To salve. V. Sauve. 
 
 To SAWE, V. a. To save, preserve. 
 
 I can nocht say suddanlie, so me Christ sawe. 
 
 Houlate, 1. 120, Bann. MS. 
 
 Sawte, Sawate, s. Safety, protection. 
 
 "Euerie man sail bygge his dik sufiiciant , 
 for sawate of thair awin stufe." Burgh Recs. Prest- 
 wick, 1572, p. 73, Mait. C. 
 
 SAWSTER, s. A sausage, pudding. V. 
 Saster. 
 
 "Farcimen, a pudding, a sawster;" Duncan's App. 
 Etym., ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 SAXEAR, s. A six-oared boat : short for 
 Sixareen, q. v. 
 Dan. sex, six, and aare, an oar : Icel. sex, and dr. 
 
 SAXTER, adj. Of or belonging to a set or 
 company of six ; saxter-aith, the oath of a 
 company of six compurgators. 
 
 " . . has failzeat quittance of the saxter-aith of 
 the stowth of lynis the last zeir, and according to the 
 lawis is decernit to quyte himself thairof this zeir with 
 the twelter-aithe, and failzeing thairof to pay 12marki3 
 and to underly the law thairof as stowt." In the Law- 
 ting Court of July 21, 1603, one is ordained to quit 
 himself of theft by the twelter-aith, because the stowth 
 is great ; and another to quit himself of the same theft 
 with the saa:*er-aith only, in respect of his minority. 
 Peterkin's Notes on Orkn. and Shetl., Appendix, p. 35. 
 
 According to the old Norse law which ruled in Orkney 
 and Shetland, if an accused person could not clear him- 
 self by his oath, which was called " </te laivryt-aith," 
 he had to find six compurgators to quit him ; and this 
 was called " the saxter-aith." If he failed in this oath, 
 he had to go and find twelve compurgators ; and this 
 was called "iAe tivelter-aith." 
 
 Icel. s4ttar-eithr, the oath of a company of six com- 
 purgators : sittar being the gen. of sett, a company of 
 six, and eithr, an oath. V. Vigfusson's Icel. Diet, s, v. 
 Sett. 
 
 SAY, s. A bucket. V. Dict. 
 
 Scot, say. North of E. so, soa, and M. Eng. soo, are 
 not derived from Fr. seau, as Jamieson has stated. 
 They have come from Icel. sdr, Swed. sd, a cask. The 
 final r in the Icel. word is merely the sign of the nom. 
 case. 
 
 Fr. seau is regularly formed from L. Lat. sUellua, 
 dimin. of Lat. situla, a bucket ; and is therefore quite 
 a different word. 
 
 SAYER, Sever, Sire, s. A gutter, drain ; 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, II., 54, 73, Rec. 
 See. V. SiVER. 
 
 SCAIRTH, adj. Y. Dict. 
 
 The etym. of this term is simply IceL skarth-r, di- 
 minished, scanty. 
 
SCA 
 
 [213] 
 
 SCH 
 
 SCALDRIE, s. Scolding, intemperate lan- 
 guage. V. Scald. 
 
 "Personis convict for flyting and scaldrie adjugeit 
 to be govit on the croee quhill four afternone ;" Burgh 
 Recs. Edinburgh, 13th Jan., 1502-3, Rec. Soc. 
 
 SCALE, Scale-dish, Skeillte, s. A thin 
 shallow vessel like a saucer used for skim- 
 ming milk. V. Skail, s. 3. 
 
 SCANTLING, Scantlin, adj. Scant, scanty, 
 very scanty. 
 
 Burns, in one of bis letters to Clarinda, uses this 
 term in the sense of scanty, small ; but as generally 
 used it is a dimin. of scant, and implies very small, 
 very scanty. 
 
 SCAS, s. Del. this entry in DiCT. 
 
 Seas is a misreading of cast in Pinkerton's version of 
 Sir Gaw. and Sir Gal. 
 
 SCASHLE, s. Scuffle. V. Scushle. 
 
 SCAUR, adj. Timorous, shy, shrinking. V. 
 Scar, Skak. 
 
 And tho' yon lowin hengh's thy hame. 
 
 Thou travels far ; 
 An' faith ! thou's neither lag nor lame, 
 
 Nor blate nor scaur. 
 
 Burns, Address to the Deil, st. 3. 
 
 SCEBLES, adj. Knavish. V. Skehlous. 
 
 SCERLANE, s. A form of skirling, scream- 
 ing ; shouting, acclamation. V. Skirl. 
 
 "Item, on the XV Apprill in anno a thousand vi 
 hundred ane yeir, the Kingis Majestie cam to Perth, 
 and that sam day he was made Provost, with ane great 
 scerlane of the coiirteours, and the bancait was made 
 at the crois, and the Kingis Maiistie was set down 
 thereat," &c. Peacock's Annals of Perth, p. 597. 
 
 SCHAKELL, s. A fetter, bond, handcuff. 
 V. Shackle. 
 
 To SCHANK, ScHONK, v. n. To go, depart, 
 run, rush, gush : also, to snap, break, or 
 give way at the shank or handle, as when a 
 hammer or a spear breaks while in use ; 
 pret. and part. pt. schankit, schonkit. V. 
 ScHANK o^, under SCHANK. 
 
 Thair speris in splendris sprent, 
 
 On scheldis schonkit and schent, 
 
 Euin our thair hedis went. 
 
 In field far away, 
 
 Qol. and Gawane, 1. 619. 
 
 Wallace the formast in the byrneis bar ; 
 
 The grouuden sper throuch his body schar. 
 
 The shafft to schonkit off the fruschand tre : 
 
 Dewoydyde soue, sen na bettir mycht be. 
 
 Wallace, iii. 147. 
 A.-S. sceacan, to shake, also to run, flee, fly off: 
 hence sceanca, scanca, the shank or lower part of the 
 leg, lit. the runner, that by which the body is moved. 
 Hence the shaft or handle of a hammer, a spear, &c., 
 is called its shank. 
 
 SCHAP, adj. Skilled, learned, able, accom- 
 plished : " ane schap clerk," a learned 
 scholar. V. Sciiapyn. 
 
 "It is avisit and thocht expedient be the com- 
 missaris of burrowis . . . that thar be direct 
 ane scha.p clerk and twa burges merchandis of fasson 
 to the Archeduk of Austrie." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 
 1498, i. 67, Sp. C. 
 
 A.-S. scapan, sceapan, to shape, form ; hence, ta 
 train, qualify : pp. scapan, sceapen, formed, qualified. 
 
 SCHAWIS, Schevis, s. pi. Blocks or pul- 
 leys : " borrowit thair thre greit schaivis," 
 borrowed their three great pulleys, i.e., their 
 set of block and tackle ; Accts. Burgh of 
 Edinburgh, 1554-5. V. Schav. 
 
 SCHEAR, SCHEIR, s. The groin. V. Sohere. 
 
 SCHED, s. A shade, shadow ; " a sched but 
 substance," a shadow without substance, a 
 mere shadow ; Rob Stene's Dream, p. 3, 
 Mait. C. 
 
 SCHEDDIT, pret. Shed forth, shone, 
 glovsred ; Pal. of Hon., Douglas, I. 71, 14, 
 ed. Small. 
 
 SCHEIDIS, s. pi. Del. this entry in Dict. 
 
 Scheidis was simply a misprint for scheildis in Pinker- 
 ton's version of Gawan and Gol. : hence, Jamieson's ex- 
 planation of the term is a mere fiction. 
 
 SCHEILLEN, Scheilling, Schellen, s. 
 Same as Shillin, q.v. ; Burgh Recs. Prest- 
 wick, 1562, p. 6Q, Mait. C. 
 
 SCHENKIT, part. pt. Del. this entry in 
 Dict. 
 
 This is a misreading of schonkit in Pinkerton's ver- 
 sion : Jamieson's explanations are therefore useless. 
 
 To SCHERE, ScHEiR, v. a. To clip or dress 
 cloth. Addit. to Schere, q. v. 
 
 ScHERAR, ScHEiRAR, s. A cloth-clipper, a 
 bonnet-dresser. 
 
 " . . . that in tyme to cum baith the craftis, 
 viz. webstaris, wakeris and scheraris, in all tymes of 
 processioun pas togedder and be incorporat vnder ane 
 baner in als formis as thai pleis ; . . . and the 
 said scheraris and wakeris to pas vnder the banner of 
 the wobstaris quhill thai may gudlie furnis thair awin, 
 and the armys of the said scheraris and wakeris to be 
 now put in the webstaris bannaris gif thai may be 
 gudlie formit and gottin thairvntill." Burgh Recs. 
 Edinburgh, 15th May, 1509, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Properly, scherar is short for scherar of claith ; and 
 in the Seal of Cause of the Walkers and Shearers of 
 Edinburgh, the craftsmen are so named : — " the 
 masteris and craftismen of the Walkaris and Scheraris 
 of claith." Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, i. 80, Rec. Soc. 
 About twenty years after the passing of this Seal of 
 Cause, the Bonnetmakers were associated with them ; 
 no doubt because walking and shearing were necessary 
 parts of their craft and manufactures ; see same vol. 
 p. 19S. 
 
 SCHETE, SCHIT, s. A shoot or by-water 
 
 of a mill. A.-S. scedtan, to shoot. 
 
 " . . . for dailis to mend the schete of the Rude 
 Milne with." Burgh Recs. Peebles, 1555, p. 221, Rec. 
 Soc. 
 
SCH 
 
 [214] 
 
 SCO 
 
 To SCHIRRYVE, v. a. A poet, form of 
 
 schryve, to shrive, used by Dunbar in his 
 
 Tabill of Confessioun, 11. 9, 18, Scot. Text 
 
 Soc. ed. 
 
 This form represents a very common pron. of the 
 word, and accounts for the form schir or schire, to 
 shrive, which occurs in the Howard MS. version of this 
 same piece, and is adopted in Dr. Laing's ed. ; see 1. 4. 
 In the Maitland MS. it is schryve. However, schir 
 may here mean to share, skeir, i.e., to pour off, sepa- 
 rate, in the sense of to purge or cleanse. V. Schire, v. 
 
 SCHONKIT, To-Shonkit, pret. and part. pt. 
 Snapped, broke, broken, gave way. V. 
 Schank. 
 Del. the entry in Diet. ^ 
 
 To SCHROUD, ScHRUED, Schryde, v. a. 
 To cover, protect, screen, ward off. V. 
 
 SCHROUD, S. 
 
 Schruedede in a schorte cloke, that the rayne schrydes. 
 
 Awnt. Arthure, 2. 7. 
 
 A. -S. scrud, garment, clothing ; Dan. and Swed. 
 skrud, dress, attire. 
 
 SCHYNBANDES, Schynbawdes, s. pi 
 Greaves, armour for the legs ; Awnt. 
 Arthur, 31, 5. 
 
 This term is improperly defined in DiCT. The schyn- 
 bawd or schynband was a piece of armour for defence of 
 the shank or lower part of the leg, and at first consis- 
 ted of a single plate reaching from the knee to the front 
 of the foot, and fastened by straps behind. It after- 
 wards became a jamb or steel-boot, with a sollei-et or 
 over-lapping plate for the foot. See Planche, British 
 Costume, pp. 132, 150. 
 
 SCHYND, ScHOiND, ScHOWND, s. An in- 
 quest of Thingmen regarding the rights, 
 claims, and settlement of heritage; Orkn. 
 and Shetl. 
 
 Originally the finding of this court was given viva 
 voce, but after the accession of the Scottish Jarls, it 
 was generally by a Skynd-bref or Schynd Bill. V. 
 Memorial for Orkney, p. 118. 
 
 Icel. shyn, understanding, judgment ; Dan. skjon, 
 judgment, estimate. 
 
 Errat. for Seladyne, V. 
 
 SCLADYNE, s. 
 
 DiCT. 
 
 So misprinted in Pinkerton's version ; and the sela- 
 dynes of MS. Douce is a clerical error for selandynes, 
 q. V. The rendering of the term given by Jamieson is, 
 however, correct. 
 
 SCLAVIN, ScLAUiN, «. A pilgrim's mantle ; 
 L. Lat. sclavina, O. Fr. esclavine. 
 
 Al his kingdom he forsoke, 
 Bot a sclauin on him he toke ; 
 He ne hadde kirtel no hode, 
 Schert no nother gode ; 
 Bot his harp he tok algate, 
 And dede him barfot out atte zate. 
 
 Orfeo and Heurodis, 1, 229. 
 
 To SCOB, V. a. To scoop out roughly; 
 Burns. V. Scob, «. 
 
 SCOGGERS, ScuGGEBS, s. pi. Shanks or 
 legs of old stockings used by countrymen to 
 keep the snow out of their shoes. Same as 
 HOGGERS, q. V. 
 
 SCOLE, ScOLLE, 8. The skull, head, brain, 
 understanding, ability. Icel. sMl, bowl. 
 
 " Thick o' the scolle " is still used to express dull or 
 slow of understanding: and "/<«s scolle' s crackit " im- 
 plies that the person is of weak mind, or lacks in 
 ability. 
 
 With mony a noble resoun, as him likit, 
 
 Enditing in his faire latyne tong, 
 So full of fruyte, and rethorikly pykit, 
 
 Quhich to declare my scole is ouer yong. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 7, ed. Skeat. 
 
 "Not 'school' as Tytler supposed. 'Cranium, 
 scolle;' Wright's Vocabularies, vol. i., p. 179, 1. 5." 
 Gloss., ed. Skeat. 
 
 To SCON, V. a. and n. V. Dict. 
 
 A more direct etym. for the term is A.-S. scunian, to 
 shun, originally to speed, scud along. From this word 
 scon or scoon comes the word schooner. See Skeat's 
 Etym. Dict. 
 
 SCONCE, s. The bink or fixed seat by the 
 side of the fire in the large open chimney of 
 olden times. 
 
 SCONE. The haly stane of Scone, the 
 
 coronation stone on which the kings of 
 
 Scotland were crowned at Scone ; Dunbar 
 
 and Kennedy, 1. 277. 
 
 This stone was taken from the Abbey of Scone by 
 Edward I. and carried to England. It was placed in 
 the Abbey of Westminster as an offering to Edward 
 the Confessor ; and it is now placed under the corona- 
 tion chair. See Tytler, Hist. Scot., vol. i. p. 47, ed. 
 1864. 
 
 To SCORE FLESH, Scoir Mutton. To 
 make incisions in the breast or buttocks of 
 an over-fed sheep, in order to improve the 
 appearance of the flesh and to reduce its 
 ramp flavour. V. under Let doun, s. 3. 
 
 ' ' That all flescheouris bring thair flesche to the 
 mercat croce, . . . and that thai blaw nane thair- 
 of, nor yet let it doune, nor score it under the pane of 
 viij s. Burgh Recs. Peebles, 1555, p. 215, Rec. Soc. 
 
 " It is statute and ordanit that thair be na muttoun 
 scorit on the bak nor na pairt thairof, nor yit lattin 
 doun before, bot ane scoir owder befoir or behynd, 
 wnder the pane of viij s. ilk fait." Burgh Recs. 
 Glasgow, 1574, i. 26, Rec. Soc. 
 
 This barbarous practice was common all over the 
 country, and was persisted in until comparatively 
 modern times, in spite of all the efforts of the 
 magistrates to put it down. When an over- fed sheep 
 was about to be killed it was thus operated upon, and 
 was then left to bleed slowly for some hours before it 
 was put to death. In some cases salt was put into the 
 wounds to further the process. 
 
 SCOSCHE, s. A drum. V. Swesch. 
 
 " Item, ane perchement skyn to Robert Mair to 
 cover the scosche, iij s. vj d." Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 
 1574, i. 455, Rec. Soc. 
 
SCO 
 
 [215] 
 
 SEE 
 
 SCOTCH MILE, Scots Mile, s. One thou- 
 sand nine hundred and eighty-four yards, 
 or two hundred and twenty-four yards 
 longer than an Enghsh mile. 
 
 While we sit bousing at the nappy, 
 An' getting foil and unco happy, 
 We think na on the lang Scots miles. 
 The mosses, waters, slaps, and stiles, 
 That lie between us and our hame. 
 
 Burns, ^Tam o' Shanter. 
 
 SCOTINGABLE, Scotinyabil, adj. Lit., 
 able to bear scotting or taxing, fit to be 
 taxed; Burgh Recs. Peebles, 1457, p. 125, 
 Rec. Soc. V. Scot, v. 
 
 SCOTTISWATH, s. V. Dict. 
 
 For Icel. vad, as given by Jamieson, read Icel. vath, 
 a ford, and the explanation of the term becomes more 
 simple and direct. 
 
 SCOUT-WATCH, Scout-Watche, s. A 
 
 patrol. 
 
 " Ordaines a scowt-watche to be keipit nightlie, and 
 that twa horsmen be sent owt, . . . and that ane 
 of the scowtis ryd to David Heislope hows, and the 
 vther scowt to ryd to Gladhowe mihie dayle, and 
 report newes anent the motiown of the enemie." 
 Burgh Recs. Peebles, 1650, p. 390, Rec. Soc. 
 
 SCOWIS, s. pi. Small wattles used in fixing 
 thatch on the roof of a house ; Burgh Recs. 
 Edinburgh, I. 221. Addit to Scow, q. v. 
 
 SCRANNY, ScRANKiE, adj. Thin, meagre, 
 wrinkled, withered, as applied to a person : 
 " a scranny bit o' meat," a lean, scrappy, or 
 indifferent piece. Addit. to Scranny, q. v. 
 
 SCRATTER, s. A coarse scrubber made of 
 heather, used for cleaning pots, pans, &c. 
 Orku. V. Scrubber. 
 
 SCRAUT, Sckawt, s. and v. Scratch. V. 
 Scrat. 
 
 SCREED, V. and s. V. Dict. 
 
 It is now generally accepted that this term is simply 
 the Northern form of E. shred ; cf. Sc. reid for E. red. 
 
 SCREIGH, Screech (ch gutt.), Skreigh, 
 adj. Screechy, screeching, shrill, piercing. 
 
 V. SCREIGH, V. 
 
 Still in common use ; see quotation under Sheer. 
 Irish screach, Gael, sgreach, Welsh ysgrechian, to 
 shriek. 
 
 To SCREW, V. a. A term in golfing : same 
 with Draw, q. v. 
 
 SCROTCHERTIS, s. pi. Sweatmeats : 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, I. 454. V. ScoR- 
 
 CHEAT. 
 
 SCROW, Skrow, s. a scroll. V. Dict. 
 
 The etym. of this term is 0. Fr. escroue, "a scroll ; " 
 Cotgr. From Dutch schroode, a shred. See Skeat's 
 Etym. Diet., s. v. Scroll. 
 
 SCRUBBS, s. pi. The husks of oats, barley,, 
 rye, &c. Orkn. 
 
 SCRY, SCRIE, s. A great number ; a crowd, 
 multitude; West of S., Orkn. Same aa 
 SCROW, q. V. 
 
 SCUFF, Skuft, s. The nape or hinder part 
 
 of the neck : also called scruff, and cuff, and 
 
 frequently the cuff o' the nech, scuff o' the 
 
 neck, or scruff o' the neck. 
 
 Wedgewood derives this terra from Du. schochty 
 schoft, atlas, the nape of the neck ; and he defines it as 
 "applied to the loose skin on the shoulders by which 
 one lays hold of a dog or a cat." But scuff and scruff 
 as now used are merely varieties of cuff in the sense of 
 flap, fold, or slack : and this idea is confirmed by the 
 fact that the slack skin of the buttocks is also called 
 the cuff, scuff, or scruff oi that region. 
 
 SCUILL, ScuiL, ScuLE, s. School. 
 
 These old forms of the word are common in our 
 Burgh Records, and represent the common pronun- 
 ciation. 
 
 SCULTY, adj. Naked. V. [Scuddy]. 
 
 To SCUTCH, V. a. V. Dict. 
 
 Scutching-Knife, s. a bill-hook, a hedging- 
 knife. 
 
 ScUTCHiNGS, ScuTCHiNS, s. pi. Refuse lint 
 or flax that remains after the process of 
 scutching ; waste tow. 
 
 2. Twigs, thistles, etc., that have been lopped 
 by a scutcher ; scrub. 
 
 SEA-REVER, Sea-Rewar, s. A sea-rover,. 
 
 pirate. V. Rever. 
 
 " Pyrata, a sea-reioar, a pyrate." Duncan's App. 
 Etym., ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 SECK, Sek, s. Sack. Lat. saccus. 
 
 This term, while it has come to us from the Lat., is 
 prob. of Egyptian origin : cf. Coptic sok, sack-cloth, 
 
 Seck-Claith, Sek-Cloth, s. Sack-cloth ; 
 Kingis Quair, st. 109, ed. Skeat. 
 
 SECONDER, adj. Secondary, second, of 
 the second rank or grade ; Blame of Kirk- 
 buriall, ch. 11 ; secundare. Burgh Recs. 
 Edinburgh, I. 46, Rec. Soc. 
 
 SECRETEE, s. Secrecy. Lat. secretus. 
 
 And secretee, hir thrifty chamberere, 
 That besy was in tyme to do seruice. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 97, ed. Skeat. 
 
 SEE'D. 1. Represents a common pron. of 
 see it ; West of S. 
 
 2. A vulgar pret. of see : used only by the 
 lowest classes ; " I see'd him comin." 
 
 SEESTU, Seesta, Seestow, v. Seestthou. 
 
 These forms represent the old pron. which is still 
 followed in some parts of the country. 
 
SEG 
 
 [216] 
 
 SEN 
 
 SEGE, Saig, Saige, s. Seat, i.e. stool, 
 night-stool, closet, privy. Addit. to Sege, 
 
 " And also that all maner of personis indwellares in 
 this towne clenge all filth of saiges, and vther filth 
 befor thair lugeings within three dayes heirafter," 
 Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, 1521, i. 204, Kec. Soc. 
 
 " Ane stand-bed fixit in the wall of the said 
 chalmer, weill bandeit, ane panttrie dure, and ane saig 
 dure," — Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 1589, i. 148, Rec. Soc. 
 
 SEGSTAR, s. A sexton; Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, i. 143, Sp. C 
 
 SEIL, s. and v. V. Sile. 
 
 SEILL, s. The collar by which cattle are 
 bound in the stall; Spald. Club Misc., I. 
 179. Hence binding cattle in the stall is 
 called seilling them. 
 Icel. sell, A.-S. seel, a rope, string. 
 
 SEINDILL, Seyndill, Sendill, adv. 
 Seldom ; Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 87, Rol- 
 land. Court or Venus, ii. 156, S. T. S. 
 
 SEKE, adj. Sick ; Kingis Quair, st. 58. 
 V. Seik. 
 
 Sekexess, Seknesse, s. Sickness ; Ibid., st. 
 111. 
 
 SELANDYNE, s. A chalcedony; Avvnt. 
 Arth. 2, 9, MS. Douce. 
 
 SELL'D, Sell't, pret. and part. pt. Sold, 
 did sell. 
 
 My plough is now thy bairn-time a': 
 Four gallant brutes as e'er did draw ; 
 Forbye sax mae, I've sdVt awa, 
 
 That thou hast nurst : 
 They drew me thretteen pund an' twa, 
 
 The verra warst. 
 
 Bums, The Farmer to his Mair Maggie. 
 
 SELLET - OIL, Sellett - Oyle, s. V. 
 
 Sallat-Oil. 
 
 'SELOUR, Seloure, Selure, Seilour, s. 
 A canopy; Gawan and Gol., QQ. V. 
 Sylour, Siller. 
 
 SELY, adj. 1. Seasonable; Kingis Quair, 
 St. 185, ed. Skeat. 
 
 2. Innocent, simple ; Ibid., st. 134. 
 
 Addit. to Seily and Sely, q. v. 
 
 A.-S. scelig, timely, seasonable. 
 
 To SEMBLE, v. n. To join battle, to fight. 
 Addit. to Semble, q. v. 
 
 Now, bot T semble for thi saull with Sarazenis mycht, 
 Sail I neuer sene be into Scotland. 
 
 Eoulate, L 484, Asloan MS. 
 
 SEMLABILL, adj. Similar, like; Burgh 
 Recs. Peebles, 1568, p. 73, Rec. Soc. V. 
 Semeible. 
 
 The form Semeible, quoted by Jamieson, is prob. a 
 mistake for Semlible, the transcriber having misread a 
 short I as an e. See under Sameabill. 
 
 To SEN, t'. a. To send, grant, bestow. 
 
 Unto the Cok in mynd he said, " God sen 
 That I and thow wer faii'lie in my den. " 
 
 Henryson, Chantedeir and Fox, \. 160. 
 
 SEN, s. V. DiCT. 
 
 This is prob. a misprint for fen, mud, filth, which is 
 the reading in the Elphynstoun MS. : see Small's ed. 
 of Douglas, Vol. ii., p. 132. 
 
 SENACHIE, ScHENACHY, Chenachy, 8. 
 A reciter of stories, an orator ; a recorder, 
 annalist, genealogist : chenachy, Houlate, 1. 
 803, Bann. MS. 
 
 " At the grave the orator or senachie pronounced the 
 panegyric of the defunct, every period being confii'med 
 by a yell of the coronach." Smollet, Humphry Clin- 
 ker, Letter of Sept. 3. 
 
 Gael, seanachaidh, a reciter of tales or stories, an 
 historian, genealogist : from seanachas, story or event 
 of the past, comp. of sean, old, and cUis, matter, afi'air. 
 V. M 'Leod and Dewar. 
 
 SENCE, s. Incense. This is the O. E. 
 form given in Prompt. Parv. V. Sens. 
 
 " Wyth sowne of clarioun, organe, song and sence 
 For the atonis, Lord, Welcum all we cry. 
 
 Dunbar, Welcum to Lord B. Stewart, 1. 22. 
 
 SENDAL, Sendale, Sandill, s. Fine 
 silk ; Awnt. Arth., 30, 9 ; sandeill, Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, I. 234, Sp. C. Also written 
 cendal. 
 
 SENSES, s. pi. Faculties, wit, mind, judg- 
 ment ; " out of one's senses" deranged, 
 mad; "one's semises are in a creel," i.e., where 
 and how they ought not to be, hence, be- 
 reft of one's senses, mad, foolish, stupid ; 
 another form of this expression is, " one's 
 head is in a creel." 
 
 My senses wad be in a creel, 
 Should I but dare a hope to speel, 
 Wi' Allan, or wi Gilbertfield, 
 
 The braes o' fame ; 
 Or Ferguson, the writer-chiel, 
 
 A deattiless name. 
 
 Bums, to W. (StwwoM, Ochiltree. 
 
 SENTENCE, s. Opinion, judgment ; Kingis 
 Quair, st. 149, ed. Skeat. Addit. to [Sen- 
 tens], q. V. 
 
 O. Fr. sentence, a sentence, pithy saying, opinion, 
 judgment ; from Lat. sententia, a way of thinking, 
 formed from Lat. sentire, to feel, think. 
 
 SENTRICE, s. pi. Centres or cooms : the 
 wooden frames used by builders in con- 
 structing arches, vaulting, etc. Errat. in 
 
 DiCT. 
 
 The defin. suggested by Jamieson is altogether 
 wrong, and unwarranted by the record from which his 
 quotation is taken. It runs thus : — 
 
 *•. . . Gelis Monro and his complecis tuk on 
 hand to vphaue (i.e., upheave, hoist into position) the 
 
SEQ 
 
 [217] 
 
 SE\ 
 
 sentrice of the brig quhilk the spait haid brocht dovne 
 incontinent, quhow sone he mycht gudly, for ane 
 France crovne of gold promest to him ; and in the said 
 Gelis defalt the said sentrice ar broking, spylt, and 
 away to the see haid in gret skayth and damag of that 
 noble wark : the quhilk skayth extendis to ane hun- 
 dreth pundis." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, i. 105, Sp.C. 
 
 See also Centers, Centreis, and the passages there 
 referred to in Vol. ii, 
 
 SEQUELS, s. pi. Lit. followers : applied to 
 the children of neyfs or serfs, and to the 
 young of animals. Addit. to Sequels. 
 
 "Gum natlvis et eorum sequelis means exactly with 
 neyfs and their followers, just as a horse-dealer now 
 sells a mare with her followers. It implies a transfer 
 of the property of the whole descendants of the neyf 
 for ever." Cosmo Innes, Legal Antiq., p. 51. 
 
 To SER, Sair, v. a. 1. To serve, supply : 
 pret. and part. pt. serd, saird : " Dail sma', 
 and sair a'," i.e., divide into small portions in 
 order to serve the whole company. 
 
 2. To be of use, profit, or advantage. 
 
 If honest nature made ye fools, 
 
 What sairs your grammars ? 
 Ye'd better taen up spades and shools, 
 
 Or knappin hammers. 
 
 Burns, Ep. to Lapraik, st. 11. 
 
 To See out, Sair out, v. a. To deal, divide, 
 deal out ; as, " to ser out the puir-siller ; " 
 also, to complete, fulfil ; as, " The prentice 
 maun ser out his time." 
 
 Serin, Sairin, s. Service, supply, portion, 
 dole ; as, " He helps himsell ; he neer waits 
 for a serin." 
 
 SERVIT, V. pret. Deserved, was justly 
 liable ; Dunbar, Tabill of Confessioun, 1. 22. 
 V. Serve. 
 
 SESS, s. and v. Cess, stent, tax ; short for 
 assess. 
 
 Lat. assessus, pp. of assidere, to sit beside ; whence 
 assessor, one who sat beside the judge and fixed the 
 taxes : from that term was formed the verb to assess. 
 V. Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 To SET, V. n. 1. To face in a dance. 
 
 The piper loud and louder blew ; 
 
 The dancers quick and quicker flew ; 
 
 They reel'd, they set, they cross'd, they cleekit, 
 
 Till ilka carlin swat and reekit. 
 
 Burns, Tain o' Shanter. 
 
 2. Short for to set off, i.e., slip off, go away. 
 
 A countra Laird had ta'en the batts. 
 Or some curmurring in his guts. 
 His only son for Hornbook sets. 
 
 An' pays him well. 
 The lad, for twa guid gimmer-pets. 
 
 Was Laird himsel. 
 
 Burns, Death and Doctor Hornhook. 
 
 Set, part. pt. Bent, warped : as applied to 
 wood not properly seasoned. 
 
 Set, s. a twist or warp. 
 (Sup.) D 2 
 
 Sets-ye-weel. It becomes you well : gener- 
 ally used in a taunting or ironical sense. V. 
 Set, s. 8. 
 
 Setten, part. pt. Set. 
 
 This old part, form is still used by the common 
 people ; and a few other verba also retain it, such as 
 hit, let, put, &c. 
 
 Setten-on, adj. Short in growth, stunted, 
 ill-thriven ; " He a wee setten-on body." 
 V. Set-on, [Sitten]. 
 
 All the words and phrases of the foregoing group are 
 common in various parts of the North of England also. 
 
 SETOLER, Soteler, s. A player on the 
 citole ; Awnt. Arth., 27, 5. 
 
 SETTEEN, s. A weight. V. Setting. 
 
 Icel. sittungr, a sixth part ; being the sixth of a 
 meil. 
 
 SETTER, s. The infield pasture of a tun or 
 
 farm ; Orkn. Addit. to Seter, and Ster. 
 
 Icel. soetr, setr, a seat, residence : also, mountain 
 pastures, dairy lands ; Vigfusson. 
 
 SET UPON SEVIN, Set on Sevin. In 
 most cases this expression is spoken of God 
 in allusion to the work of creation ; set 
 having the meaning of dispose or set in 
 order, as in Pystyl of Susan, xxi. 4, Gol. 
 and Gawan, 1. 1045. But sometimes it 
 means to attack, encounter, or meet in 
 battle, as in Gol. and Gawan, 1. 668. 
 
 I swere be suthfast God that settis all on sevin. 
 
 Ool. and Oaxoan, 81, 8. 
 For thair is segis in yon saill wil set vpone sevn. 
 Or thay be wrangit, I wis, I warne you ilk wy. 
 
 Ibid., 40, 3. 
 In the Towneley Mysteries, pp. 85, 97, 118, the expres- 
 sion occurs in the first sense ; and in Mort Arthur, 
 fol. 75^, it occurs in the second. In this latter sense 
 it means to strive to the uttermost, fight or work with 
 all one's might. 
 
 SEUTE, part. adj. Runout, used up, set 
 aside, out of use ; lit. waiting on, kept 
 waiting. 
 
 " Ordanis the Vanelaw [a common] to be proclamit 
 waist, seute, and hanyng," i.e., empty or not in use, 
 close-cropt or run out, and under protection or preser- 
 vation; Burgh Eecs. Peebles, 1571, p. 326, Rec. Soc. 
 
 O. Fr. suite, in the sense of in suite, iu waiting, kept 
 waiting ; other forms of suite are seute, siute, site. V. 
 Burguy. 
 
 To SEW, Sue, v. a. and n. To follow, pur- 
 sue ; Awnt. Arth., 6, 2 ; Kingis Quair, p. 
 54, 1. 4, ed. Skeat. 
 
 To SEW, V. a. To show, describe, relate. 
 
 Now gife I sail sew 
 The ordour of thair armes, it war to tell teir. 
 
 Houlate, 1. 577, Bann. MS. 
 
 SEYER, s. A gutter, drain. V. Sayer. 
 SEYNDILL, adv. Seldom. Y. Seindill. 
 
SEY 
 
 [2181 
 
 SHE 
 
 To SEYNE, V. a. To say, declare, utter ; 
 Kingis Quair, st. 27, 38, 42, 98, ed. Skeat. 
 
 SEYNITY. Del. this entry in Diet. 
 
 As the term is a misprint for seymly, the explanatory- 
 note is useless, 
 
 SHACKLE, SCHAKELL, SCHAKYL, S. 1. In 
 
 the sing. This term means the wrist, as in 
 shackle-baney the wrist-bone, wrist-joint ; it 
 is also applied to the ankle or ankle-joint. 
 
 2. In the pi. it has the same meanings as in 
 Eng. viz. bonds, fetters, connections; but 
 it is most generally applied to fetters for 
 the wrists and ankles, handcuffs, anklets. 
 
 In s. 1. the term is common in the north of Eng. 
 also ; see Gloss, of Brockett, Atkinson, Peacock. 
 
 In all the meanings of this term two ideas are 
 implied, movement or movableness, and coupling or 
 connection. 
 
 " A.-S. sceacul, bond, fetter ; Icel. skolcul, pole of a 
 carriage, from skaka ; Swed. shakel, loose shaft of a 
 carriage; Dan. skagle, the same." Skeat. 
 
 SHAIRD, s. Shred, shard, portion, frag- 
 ment. V. Shard. 
 
 An' when the auld moon's gaun to lea'e them, 
 
 The hindmost shaird they'll fetch it wi' them. 
 
 Just i' their pouch. 
 
 Bums, Ep. to Will. Simpson. 
 
 SHANDY, Shannie, adj. Backward, shy; 
 also, wanting in vigour, push, or energy. 
 For the first sense the synon. is hlate : for 
 the second, feckless. V. Shan, Shand. 
 
 SHANGY, Shangie, s. A loop of gut _ or 
 hide round the mast of a boat into which 
 the lower end of the sprit is slipped; 
 Orkn. Addit. to Shangan, q. v. 
 
 SHANK, Shanks, s. Short for NoonshanTcs^ 
 q.v. 
 
 SHANNA. Frequently so written, but pro- 
 perly sha' nttf shall not. 
 
 Similarly winna, will not ; dinna, do not— the do 
 being pronounced di, with short i, as in divide ; minna, 
 may not — the rwa?/ being pron. mi, with short i. These 
 have probably been formed in imitation of canna, can 
 not, ma.nna, man (i.e. must) not. 
 
 To SHAP, Shape, v. n. To begin or set 
 about anything ; as, *' He shaps to his work 
 like a man ;" to seem, appear, promise : as, 
 " It shapes weel to grow a guid beast ; " 
 also, to fit, be adapted ; as, " The naig '11 
 shap better for the cart nor the plow.'' 
 
 Shapin-Brod, Schaiping - Buird, s. A 
 smooth flat board on which a tailor, or a 
 shoemaker, shapes his materials; Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, I. 176, Sp. C. 
 
 To SHARGE, Sharg, v. a. To sharpen, 
 grind, face. 
 
 "That nana shar(je spaidis nor worklowmes vpon 
 the brig-stanes vnder the pane of xl s. toties quoties." 
 Burgh Recs. Peebles, 1622, p. 361, Rec. Soc. 
 
 This word, which is still in use, is prob. a corruption 
 of E. sharp. It may, however, be a softened form of 
 E. shark used iu the sense to sharpen. Similarly a 
 sharper is called a shark. 
 
 To SHAVE, Shaue, v. a. To gall, fret, or 
 ruffle the skin ; part, shaving ; pret. and 
 part. pt. shaved; as in wind-sAaved 
 
 Shaved, adj. Galled, fretted. 
 
 Shaving, Shauing, s. A shaving, fretting, 
 
 or ruffling of the skin. 
 
 "Intertrigo, galling, or shauing;" Duncan's App. 
 Etym., ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 SHEAL, ScHELE, s. V. DiCT. 
 
 A much simpler and more direct etym. for this term 
 is Icel. shyli, skdli, skjdl, shelter, cover ; Dan. and 
 Swed, skjul. That it is allied to Swiss chalet, how- 
 ever, is a mistake ; that word is from Lat. casa. Nor 
 is it allied to Icel. sael ; nor to A.-S. saeld. V. Skeat's 
 Etym. Diet. 
 
 SHEERMEN, Shearmen, s. Properly and 
 originally cloth-clippers, cloth- dressers ; but 
 latterly cloth-workers, including all the crafts 
 engaged in dyeing, fulling, dressing, and 
 finishing cloth. Addit. to Sheermen, q. v. 
 
 The combination of these crafts, which the general 
 term sheermen implies, must have been accomplished 
 gradually ; but it appears to have been completed all 
 over the country before the middle of the sixteenth 
 century. In Edinburgh the walkers and shearers of 
 cloth obtained their Seal of Cause from the Magis- 
 trates in 1500 ; and in 1520 the honiietmakera were in- 
 cluded, and a new Seal of Cause was obtained in ratifi- 
 cation of the contract. From that time the term Shear- 
 men began to be used as a general name for the various 
 crafts so grouped. In the same way the term Ham- 
 mermen included smiths, Wrights, masons, coopers, 
 slaters, goldsmiths and armourers. And these general 
 terms were rapidly brought into use through the pro- 
 clamations and arrangements that had to be made in 
 connection with the processions and pageants of the 
 crafts at the great popular festivals of Candlemas and 
 Corpus Christi. See Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, i, 80, 198, 
 Rec. Soc, and B. R. Aberdeen, i. 450, Sp. C, 
 
 SHEET-MAKER, Scheit-Makar, s. A 
 
 maker of sheet-iron. 
 
 "The baillies hais assignet this day xv days to the 
 dekin and craftismen of the hammermen to prefe gife 
 scheit makaris scottis and lottis with thar craft in uder 
 borouis, — that is to say in Edinburgh, Dunde, Glasgow, 
 Sanctiohentoun, or in Abirdene." Burgh Recs. Stir- 
 ling, 17 Feb. 1521-2. 
 
 SHEKYLS, Shakers, s. A name for ague : 
 also called " the trimles," i.e., the trembles ; 
 but the latter term is mostly used in re- 
 ference to sheep. 
 
 Shekyls is not an uncommon term in M. E., as is 
 shown by its use in the Town. Myst., p. 99. 
 
 SHEUK, pret. Shook, did shake. 
 
 He ended ; and the kebars sheuk 
 Aboon the chorus roar ; 
 
SHE 
 
 [219] 
 
 SIN 
 
 While frighted rattons backward leuk, 
 And seek the benmost bore. 
 
 Burns, Jolly Beggars, 
 
 SHEW, pret. Showed, did show ; stated, 
 
 explained. 
 
 " . . . yet the necessitie was neuer absolute, as 
 we shew before." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 19. 
 
 To SHEYL, Shyle, v. n. V. Dict. 
 
 A.-S. sciol, squint, as in sdol-edge, squint-eyed, Cf. 
 shyle, and skelly. 
 
 8HIEL, ScHiEL, Shielin, Sheelin, s. A 
 hut, shed, &c. V. Sheal. 
 
 To SHILL, Shool, v. a. To take the husks 
 off seeds. V. Sheal. 
 
 SHIP-POUND, ScHip-PUND, s. The old 
 standard weight of a barrel bulk in shipp- 
 ing ; it contained sixteen and a half stones 
 Troy, or 264 lbs. 
 
 "Ilk Barrel [i.e., skipper's barrel] being of weicht 
 ane schip pund." 
 
 " Ane schip pound conteinis sexteene stanes and ane 
 halfe of Scottish Trois weicht." 
 
 " Ilk Trois stane conteinis sexteene pound Trois." 
 Skene, De Verb. Sign. 
 
 SHIP-RAE, Ship-Eaa, s. A sail-yard, the 
 
 yard of a ship. V. Ra, Ray. 
 
 "Antenna, a ship-rae ;" Duncan's App. Etym., ed. 
 Small, E.D.S. 
 
 SHIP-RAID, Schip-Rade, Schip-Rede, s. 
 A road or haven for ships ; Leslie's Hist. 
 Scot., p. 8, 127, S.T.S. 
 
 To SHIRE, V. a. To pour off. V. Schire, 
 Share. 
 
 SHOK, ScHOK, s. A piece or roll of cloth 
 
 containing twenty-eight ells. 
 
 "Poldaveis the shok contening xxviii. elnis." 
 
 Halyhurton' s Ledger, p. 318. 
 
 SHONE, s. A form of Schynd, q. v. 
 
 " . . to be at the ArfFhows . . betwixt this 
 and All-hallow-evin next eftir the dait of this present 
 writ, to mak ane lauchfull shone and ayrfkest, as law 
 levis." Grievances of Orkney, Append. II. 
 
 SHORE, pret. Shaped. V. Shoop. 
 
 SHORT-AIND, Short-ainded, Short- 
 ended, adj. Short of breath, short-winded. 
 
 " Anhelus, pursie, or short-ended;" Duncan's App. 
 Etym., ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 SHOT, s. Share, proportion ; as, " He plans 
 
 ay to get the lucky shot" i.e., the best 
 
 share : also, each man's share of the laioin 
 
 or score at a tavern. 
 
 A.-S. scot, shot, payment ; Icel. skattr, Dan. skat, 
 tribute, tax. Skatt, an old Danish tax is still paid in 
 Shetland. V. under Skat, Skatt. 
 
 SHREW, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Jamieson's long and learned note on this term is alto- 
 gether misleading. The word shreio has been clearly 
 
 traced through M. E. shreioe to A.-S. scredwa, a shrew 
 mouse : lit. biter. And all the various senses in which 
 the term has been used, even the worst of them, are 
 easily accounted for by the very old fable regarding the 
 shrew-mouse, that it had an exceedingly venomous 
 bite. 
 
 SHRO, ScHRO, s. A shrewmouse. 
 
 " Sorex, a rotton, aschroj" Duncan's App. Etym., 
 ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 To SHUG, V. n. To shake ; part. pr. 
 shuggin, shug-shuggin, frequently or con- 
 tinuously shaking; Whistle Binkie, ii. 226, 
 316. V. Shog. 
 
 To Shuggle, Shoogle, v. a. and w. Freq. 
 of shug, shoog : to shake rapidly or easily, 
 to make a rattling noise by shaking. 
 Addit. to Shuggle, q. v. 
 
 The moon has rowed her in a cloud. 
 
 Stravagin win's begin 
 To shuggle and daud the window-brods. 
 
 Like loons that would be in. 
 
 William Miller, Gree, Bairnies, Oree, st. i. 
 
 SIBOW, Sybow, s. An onion. V. Seibow. 
 
 O. Fr. scipouUe (Cotgr.), Ital. cipolla, an onion ; M. 
 E. chebole ; all from Lat. ccepe, dimin. ccepuUa, 
 
 To SIDDER, v. a. To sunder, separate ; a 
 corr. oi sinder ; Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 25, 
 ed. 1882. 
 
 SIDESMAN, s. An umpire, referee. Addit. 
 to Sydesman. 
 
 SIDE-WIPE, s. An indirect, covert, or sly 
 rebuke : a remark implying blame or reproof 
 of a person, and spoken not to him but so 
 that he may hear it, 
 
 SIESTER-PEN, s. The plectrum or quill 
 
 used for striking the sistrum. V. Seistar. 
 
 " Plectron, a fiddle-stick, or a S2&sfer-pen;" Dun- 
 can's App. Etym., E.D.S. 
 
 SIFE, s. A sifting-cloth, sieve. Y. Siv. 
 
 " Uxcerniculum, a sife or boulte-claith ; " Duncan's 
 App. Etym., ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 SILVER-SEIK, adj. Moneyless, without 
 funds : also used b}^ Henryson as a s. in the 
 sense of one whose money is yet to seek. 
 
 Sen I am Stewart, I wald we had sum stuff, 
 And ye ar silver-seik, I wait richt weill ; 
 Thocht we wald thig, yone verray churlische chuff, 
 He wald nocht gif us ane hering of his creill, 
 Befoir yone churle on kneis thocht we wald kneill. 
 
 Henryson, Wolf, Foxe, and Cadgear, 1. 86. 
 
 SINDLE, Sinnle, adj. and adv. Rare, rarely, 
 seldom. V. Seindle. 
 
 SINGT, Singet, Singit, part. pt. Singed. 
 
 V. Sing. 
 
 SINGULAR, adj. Single, individual, certain. 
 
 " Again, of the peculiar sort, sum ar proper to 
 singular persons only, and others to mo, yet being of 
 one sort or family." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 8. 
 
SIP 
 
 [220] 
 
 SKE 
 
 SIPERS, s. Fine crape : so called because it 
 
 was originally made in Cyprus ; Rates of 
 
 Customs, 1612, Halyburton's Ledger, p. 328. 
 
 Of the various kinds of crape then used the most 
 
 valuable were the curl sipers, silk sipers, and scum 
 
 sipers, noted in Bates of Customs of 1612. 
 
 SIRE, Syour, s. a gutter, drain; Burgh 
 Recs. Glasgow, II. 128, Rec. Soc. V. 
 
 SiVER. 
 
 SIRFOOTFEATS, s. pi. Fragments left 
 after a banquet or feast, scraps of delicacies. 
 
 " . . . wine drunk in abundance, glasses broken, 
 sirfoot/eats casten abroad on the causey, gather whaso 
 please." Eejoicings in Aberdeen, 26 June, 1597. V, 
 Reg. Priv. Council, v. 67, Intro. 
 
 O. Fr. sorfait, excess, and fait, faict, a part, portion, 
 article ; sorfait having come from Lat. super and 
 facere. 
 
 SISTIR, s. The zither. V. Seistak. 
 
 SIT, SiTT, s. Pain, ailment. Addit. to 
 Site, q. v. 
 
 Icel. sMy pain, suflfering. 
 
 To SIT, t'. n. To fit, suit, become. « It sits 
 ye weel," is said ironically of a person who 
 attempts what is beyond his power or posi- 
 tion. Set is used with the same meaning. 
 
 To Sit down on one's knees. To kneel or 
 bow as a suppliant, to humble oneself in 
 the dust, to assume the posture of contrition 
 and supplication. 
 
 This was the first act, which offenders against the 
 law had to perform in doing penance publicly in the 
 parish church, as the following record duly sets forth. 
 
 In Aberdeen, in the year 1555, John Sandris and his 
 wife were, after due trial, found guilty of "strublens, 
 stryking, and bluiddrawing of Thomas GeUane and his 
 wyfe ; " and having been duly bound over to keep the 
 peace, ' ' the baillies modifiit the amends of the said 
 strublens as after following : that is to say thai or- 
 danit the said John and his spous forsaid to pay to the 
 said Thomas Gellane xx s. Scottis, and to pay the har- 
 bour for the mending and curing of his woundis, within 
 viij dayse ; and alse to com on Sonday nixt cuming to 
 Sanct Nicholase parroche kirk, in the queir thereof, in 
 the tyme of hie mess, with ane candill of wax in euerie 
 ane of thair handis, and thair to sit doune on thair hieis 
 in presens of the guid men of the toun, and ask the 
 said Thomas and his wyf forgifnes : and gif euer thai 
 be conuickit for siclyk in tyme cumyng, to pay tene 
 markis to be applyit to Sanct Nicholace wark onfor- 
 gewin." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, i. 282, Sp.C. 
 
 For similar records see Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, i. 27, 
 Burgh Kecs. Glasgow, i. 149. 
 
 To Sit on one^s knees. To kneel, remain 
 kneeling, as in prayer. 
 
 To Sit summons. To sit still when called, to 
 disregard a call or summons, to neglect or 
 disobey orders. 
 
 The gude wyfe [was] glaid with the gle to begin, 
 
 For durst scho neuer sit summoundis that scho bard him 
 
 say. 
 
 Rauf CoUyear, 1. 99. 
 
 SITHOL, SiTHiLL, s. V. Cithol. 
 
 SITTLENESS, s. Subtilty; Alex. Scott's 
 Poems, p. 76, ed. 1882. V. [Sittil]. 
 
 To SIVE, V. n. To drain. V. Sipe. 
 
 SKAINYA, s. Packthread. V. Skeengie. 
 
 SKAIRNES, s. Scantness, scarcity. V. 
 [Skair, r.], and Skairth, adj. 
 
 ". . . that the tries [barrels] wer nocht to the 
 extreme quantitie becaus of penuritie and slcairnes of 
 tymer." Burgh Recs. of Glasgow, i. 153, Rec. Soc. 
 
 A.-S. sceran, to shear, cut, diminish; Icel. skera, 
 Dan. skcere, Sw. akara, to shear, cut short. 
 
 SKARCH, s. A form of skars, an opening 
 between rocks ; Burgh Recs. Peebles, 1470, 
 p. 1. 165, Rec. Soc. V. Skairs. 
 
 SKEBLOUS, Scebles, adj. Rascally, evil- 
 disposed. V. Skebel, 
 
 "And everie begger, vagaboun, ydel and scebles 
 men and women." Burgh Recs. Glasgow, i. 359, Rec. 
 Soc. 
 
 SKEER, adj. Exciting, rousing, wild. Addit. 
 to Skeer, q. V. 
 
 It's no the little thing sae screech and sl-eer, 
 That drunken fiddlers play in barns and booths. 
 But the big gaucy fiddle that sae soothes 
 The speerit into holiness and calm. 
 That e'en some kirks hae thocht it mends the psalm. 
 H. Leighton, Bapteesement o' the Bairn. 
 
 SKELLUM, s. A worthless fellow, ne'er- 
 do-well. V. SCHELLUM. 
 
 She tauld thee weel thou was a skellum, 
 A blethering, blustering, drunken blellum ; 
 That fra November till October, 
 Ae market-day thou was nae sober. 
 
 Buriis, Tarn o' Shanter, 
 
 Du. schelm, Swed. skalm, rogue, knave, villain. 
 We got this word from the Netherlands early in the 
 seventeenth century. 
 
 SKELPIE, adj. Lit. fit or deserving to be 
 skelped or whipped ; an opprobrious term 
 generally applied to a girl. Addit. to 
 Skelpie, q. V. 
 This term is often used as a s. 
 
 SKELPlE-LBmER, s. A mischief-worker that 
 deserves to be skelped; an extended form 
 of skelpie, but more particular and opprob- 
 rious. 
 
 This term is generally misunderstood ; and it has 
 been misinterpreted and misapplied by various writers 
 on Bums. Jamieson defined it as " an opprobrious 
 term applied to a female : " which, though not absol- 
 utely wrong, is certainly a vague explanation. Others 
 have interpreted it as "a mischievous or violent 
 woman ;" and Dr. Mackay, in his "Poetry and Humour 
 of the Scottish Language," has explained it as "a 
 violent woman ready both with hands and tongue." 
 Now for obvious reasons these meanings are absurd ; 
 and chiefly because the term, if properly used, cannot 
 be applied to a woman at all, for she is too old to be 
 subjected to the chastisement of skelping, which the 
 term implies. Besides, as used by Burns, the term was 
 
SKE 
 
 [221] 
 
 SLA 
 
 certainly applied to a young girl, a mere child, whom 
 he calls " wee Jennie," who pled for the presence and 
 protection of her grandmother in the daring adventure 
 which she proposed. To such an one the epithet 
 skelpie-Ummer, mischief-worker deserving to be skelped, 
 was most appropriate ; and that she was such an one, 
 and not a woman, will be evident to every one who 
 reads the passage with ordinary intelligence. 
 Wee Jennie to lier grannie says. 
 
 Will ye go wi' me, Grannie ? 
 I'll eat the apple at the glass, 
 
 I gat frae uncle Johnie." 
 She fuff' t her pipe wi' sic a lunt, 
 In wrath she was sae vap'rin. 
 She notic't na, an aizle brunt 
 Her braw new worset apron 
 Out thro' that night. 
 " Ye little skelpie-Ummer' s face ! 
 I daur you try sic sportin, 
 As seek the foul Thief onie place, 
 For him to spae your fortune." 
 
 Burns, Halloween, st. 14. 
 Both skelpie and skelpie-Ummer are still in use in the 
 West of S. ; but they are applied only to young people, 
 and mostly to girls. 
 
 SKEMLER, s. An attendant, a lacquey. 
 Addit. to Skambler, q. v. 
 
 SKEMLIS, s. pi. V. Skamble. 
 
 SKILLET-BELL, s. V. Skellat. 
 
 SKINKING, adj. Thin, liquid, and much 
 boiled; sMnking-ware, liquid food, as soups, 
 etc. V. Skink. 
 
 Auld Scotland wants nae skinking ware, 
 
 That jaups in luggies ; 
 But if ye wish her gratefu' prayer, 
 
 Gie her a Haggis. 
 
 Bums, To a Haggis, st. 8. 
 
 To SKINK, Skynk, v. a. To give or hand 
 over, to add over and above, make a present 
 of. Addit. to Skink, q. v. 
 
 ". . . thai sail content and pay to him ten li. 
 
 . . at the compleiting, ending, and vpsetting of 
 the said ruf, . , . and vpoun his gude warkmane- 
 schip and gyding thai skynk him the tymmer of the 
 auld ruf." Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, 30 Sept., 1508, I. 
 117, Eec. Soc. 
 
 To SKLENT, v. a. To utter or give forth 
 indirectly, to speak at one in a spiteful or 
 sarcastic manner. Addit. to Sklent, q. v. 
 
 D'ye mind that day, when in a bizz, 
 Wi' reekit duds an' reestit gizz, 
 Ye did present your smoutie phiz, 
 
 'Mang better folk. 
 An' sklented on the man of Uzz 
 
 Your spitefu' joke. 
 
 Burns, Address to the DeU, 
 
 SKONSCHON, s. Scoiuson or escoinson ; 
 the interior edge of a w^indow side or jamb. 
 See Gloss. Archit. Terms. 
 
 " The dores and chimnayis to be marbillit, and the 
 pend of the windowes and skonschonis to be weill layit 
 over with ane blew gray." Acct. for Painting in 
 Stirling Castle, 1628, Mait. Club Misc., iii. 372. 
 
 O. Fr. escons, hidden, covered, pp. of esconser, to 
 hide, conceal ; from Lat. abscondere. 
 
 To SKOOG, ScooG, v. a. and n. V. Skook. 
 
 Skoogit, ScooGiT, part, and adj. Concealed, 
 sheltered, shaded. 
 
 Now here comes Forgan manse amang the trees, 
 A cozie spot, weel skoogit frae the breeze. 
 
 R. Leighton, Bapteesement o' the Bairn. 
 
 SKOUGH, V. and s. Shelter. V. Skook, 
 Skug. 
 
 SKREIGH, Skreech {ch gutt), Screech, 
 adj. Screeching, shrill, piercing. V. 
 Screigh. 
 
 To SKRIP, Skripe, Skrap, Skrop, v. a. 
 To mock; Houlate, 1. 67. V. Skirp, 
 SCORP. 
 The Bann. MS. has skirp ; the Asloan, skripe. 
 
 To SKRYM, Skryme, v. n. To rush, dash, 
 make a feint at ; Houlate, 1. 67. Asloan 
 MS. V. Skyrme. 
 
 O. Fr. escrimer, to fence, fight ; from 0. H. Germ. 
 scirman, to skirmish. 
 
 SLABBER, Slubber, s. The slop or mud 
 of roads in wet weather : also, the slush or 
 half-melted snow on roads when a thaw 
 sets in. 
 
 Slabby, adj. Same as Slabbery, q. v. 
 
 SLACK, s. A soft or slimy place ; Sempill 
 Ballates, p. 117. Addit. to Slack, q. v. 
 
 SLAID, s. A sledge. V. Sled. 
 
 To SLALK, V. n. V. DicT. 
 
 This is a MS. form due to the scribe writing (by way 
 of contraction), kk so as to resemble Ik. There is no 
 such word. It should be slakk, rhyming with wakk of 
 the previous line. 
 
 This method of contracting the writing of double 
 long-letters was fully explained by Prof. Skeat in his 
 Address to the Philological Society in 1886. 
 
 To SLAMB, Slam, v. a. To smear, as with 
 
 lard or ointment : part. pt. slamd, slamby 
 
 slam. 
 
 With coistly furis, lucive and sabile, 
 With stanis and perle innumerable ; 
 All gold begaine, a glorius growme, 
 Slamb ouer with faird and fyne perfwme. 
 
 Rob Stem's Dream, p. 4. 
 
 SLAP, ado. Suddenly, unawares, unexpec- 
 tedly : an imitative word, implying sudden 
 appearance or change, as if at a slap or 
 clap of the hand. 
 
 let us not, like snarling tykes, 
 
 In wrangling be divided ; 
 Till, slap, come in an unco loon, 
 
 And with a rung decide it. 
 
 Burns, The Dumfries Volunteers, st. 2. 
 
 To SLATE, V. a. To set on, hound, incite. 
 Addit. to Slate, q. v. 
 
 "TosZa^e" implies more than "to let loose," as 
 given by Jamieson. Comparison of the passage quoted 
 will confirm this. 
 
 The etym. is not Icel. slaeda, but A. -S. slcetan, to set 
 
SLA 
 
 [222] 
 
 SMO 
 
 dogs on a bull or other animal, and hence, to hound, in- 
 cite. See ^^Ifric's Lives of the Saints, ed. Skeat, vol. 
 i. p. 266, 1. 72. 
 
 SLAUGHTER, adj. For slaughter, to be 
 killed for food. 
 
 " Ilk s^aMc/tier kow passing langis the brig . . ., 
 tua pennies ; and ilk fyve sheep cuming they wyes, 
 tua pennies." Burgh Recs. Stirling, 1612, p. 132. 
 
 SLED, Slead, Slaid, s. A sledge : a low cart 
 
 without wheels used for the carriage of 
 
 goods. 
 
 •' Trdhea, a slead." Duncan's Appendix Etym., ed. 
 Small, E.D.S. 
 
 Icel. slethi, Dan. skede, Sw. slede, a sledge. 
 
 SLENK, s. Del. this entry in DiCT. 
 
 Slenk is a misprint for slynge, a blow, in Pinkerton's 
 version of Gaw. and Gol. 
 
 SLEUTH-HUND, Slewth-hund, s. V. 
 
 DiCT. 
 
 The suggestions regarding the origin of sleuth are un- 
 suitable. It is simply Icel. shith, track or trail. 
 
 SLIK, Slyke, adj. Such like, such, similar ; 
 
 Rom. Alexander, 1. 783. 
 
 From A. -S. swd-Uc ; M. Goth, swaleiks. The latter 
 is given by Jamieson as the origin of swylh : but this 
 is a mistake : it is simply the A.-S. swilc, which is made 
 up of sicd and lie. 
 
 SLIK, adj. Del. this entry in Dict. 
 
 Slik is a misreading of slikes in Pinkerton's version. 
 V. Slike, V. 
 
 To SLIKE, V. n. To slide, slip, glide. 
 
 The swerd swapped on his swange and on the mayle slikes, 
 Awnt. Arthur, 48, 6, Douce MS. 
 
 The Lincoln MS. reads slydys. 
 
 To SLING, Slyng, v. a. To cast, throw, 
 dash, strike. 
 
 Sling, Slyng, Slynge, s. A cast, stroke, 
 blow. 
 
 SLOGAN, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Slogan is not a corruption of slughorne, but a more 
 correct form of it. Indeed, slughorne is a corr. of 
 slugome, an old spelling of slogan, a battle-cry : from 
 Gael, sluagh-gliairm, comp. of sluagh, people, tribe, 
 army, and gairm, a call. Slugorne is therefore not a 
 horn at all. See Slughorn in Suppl. to Skeat's Ebym. 
 Dict. 
 
 To SLOKE, Sloik, v. a. To slake, quench, 
 
 satisfy ; also, to reduce, pulverize, as by 
 
 throwing water on lime-shells : pret. and 
 
 part. pt. slokit, sloikit. 
 
 " . . with ane onsatiable droutht, quhilk scho 
 culd nocht sZoi^*." Trials for Witchcraft, Spald. Misc. 
 I. 88, 1597. 
 
 SLOT-STAFF, s. A kind of pike, or Jed- 
 burgh-staff ; Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 1561, 
 p. 66, Mait. C. 
 
 SLOUN, s. Y. Dict. 
 
 Sloiin cannot be connected with slowhoiind, as sug- 
 gested. See under Sleuth-hund. Most prob. from Icel. 
 sldni, ' ' a gaunt and clownish boor ; " Vigfusson. 
 
 SLUCHT, s. A kind of cloak or overcoat, a 
 jupe. V. Slug, Slogie. 
 
 "To Alex^. Checkum, commoun poist, fyve pundis 
 to help to by him a slucht of blew." Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, ii. 163, Sp. C. 
 
 SLUGHORNE, s. V. Dict. 
 
 A slughorn is not a horn at all, but a battle-cry : the 
 etym. given is therefore wrong. For explanation see 
 under Slogan. 
 
 To SMACK, V. n. To taste, or smell of a 
 thing. 
 
 " Resipio, to smell or smack." Duncan's Appendix 
 Etym., ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 Smak, s. a taste, smell, taint. 
 
 "Sapor, a taist or smack." Duncan's App. Etym,, 
 ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 SMAR ADGE, s. a kind of emerald ; also 
 applied to any precious stone of an emerald 
 colour; Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 15, ed. 1882. 
 Lat. smaragdus, an emerald. 
 
 SMATTRIE, s. A large number, flock. V. 
 Smytrie. 
 
 SIVUDDIE-GUM, s. Small-coal used in a 
 smithy. 
 
 In various parts of Scot, dross or small-coal for use 
 in smithies and furnaces is called gum, a corruption of 
 culm, which in some dialects is coom (Halliwell). 
 
 Brockett defines smiddy-gum as " the refuse of a 
 smith's shop, the fragments struck off from the hot 
 iron by the hammer." 
 
 To SMIKE, V. a. To cheat ; pret. and part, 
 pt. smikit, cheated. 
 
 " Becaus it is weill knawin and fund that he smikit 
 and defraudit his brother foirsaid, and did siclyck to 
 the said Nicoll his brothir sone." Grievances of Ork- 
 ney Append. II. V. Smaik, s. 
 
 SMIT, s, Infection, contagion. Addit. to 
 Smit, q. V. 
 
 Smittlish, Smitlish, adj. Infectious, con- 
 tagious. 
 
 SjnTTiNG-SlCKNESS, s. An infectious disease, 
 infection. 
 
 ** CojUagio, an infection or smitting-sicknes." Dun- 
 can's Appendix Etym., ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 SMOUTIE, adj. Smutty, black, begrimed : 
 merely a poetic form of smutty. 
 
 D'ye mind that day, when in a bizz, 
 Wi' reekit duds, an reestit gizz. 
 Ye did present your smoutie phiz, 
 
 'Mang better folk, 
 An' sklented on the man of Uzz, 
 
 Your spitefu' joke. 
 
 Burns, Address to the Deil. 
 
 SMOW, V. and «. Smile. V. Smoo. 
 
SNI 
 
 [223] 
 
 SOK 
 
 SNICK, Snick-Deawing. V. under Sneck. 
 
 SNIPE, Snype, s. a kind of muzzle for a 
 pig, which prevents it from eating the 
 growing corn ; Orkn. and Shetl. 
 
 To Snipe, Snype, v. a. To muzzle, to put a 
 muzzle on the snout of a pig. 
 
 " Anent the swyne of Papa, that thai sail be snypit 
 and ringit in tyme of summer and winter also, to the 
 effect that tlie haill nyebours in thair griss land and 
 cornis may be frie of thair skayth." Peterkin's Notes 
 on Orkn. and Shetl., Appendix, p. 30. 
 
 Dan. snabel, a snout : of. O. Du. snavel, snabel, dimin. 
 of sndbhe, snebbe, a bill, beak. 
 
 To SNIRTLE, Snurtle, v. n. Dimin. of 
 snirt; to laugh in a subdued, restrained, 
 timorous, or mocking manner : to snirtle in 
 ones sleeve, to snirtle secretly, to chuckle 
 or smile slylj in mockery of a person. V. 
 Snirt. 
 
 Wi' ghastly ee, poor Tvveedle-dee 
 
 Upon his hunkers bended, 
 And pray'd for grace wi' ruefu' face, 
 
 And sae the quarrel ended. 
 
 But tho' his little heart did grieve 
 
 When round the tinkler prest her ; 
 He feign'd to snirtle in his sleeve, 
 When thus the Caird address'd her. 
 
 Burns, Jolly Beggars. 
 Snirt, of which snirtle is a dimin., is allied with both 
 sneer and snort, and comes from Dan. sneer re, to grin 
 like a dog, or show one's teeth at a person. V. Skeat's 
 Etym, Diet., under Sneer. 
 
 To SNO WK, Snouk, Snock, v. a. To poke, 
 press into, or turn over with the nose, as a 
 dog or pig does : as, " The pig's snowkin out 
 the tatties." Addit. to Snowk, q. v. 
 
 Nae doubt but they were fain o' ither, 
 An' unco pack an' thick thegither ; 
 Wi' social nose whyles snufF'd and snowkit, 
 Whyles mice and moudieworts they howkit. 
 
 Burns, The Twa Dogs. 
 
 To SOANE, v:n. To sink down, settle down, 
 fall into place and position, like a hewn 
 stone in a building. 
 
 " For as Salomons many thousand artificers were 
 exercised about the building of the materiall temple ; 
 so must we, the many millions of the greater nor Salo- 
 mons men, be occupyed in making vp the spiritual], 
 and in squairing our seines as the Lords lyuely stones ; 
 that being founded on all sides, we may soane aright 
 in the Lords islare work, the which is our edification." 
 Blame of Kirkburiall, ch, 15. 
 
 The following interesting account of the etym. of 
 this word is by Prof. Skeat. 
 
 " The spelling soane suggests an A.-S. form sd-nan, 
 from a base sd-, Goth, sai-, a strengthened form from a 
 a root SI. But comparison with A.-S. further suggests 
 that the root should rather be SIG-, as there is a strong 
 verb sigan, to sink down ; but no such verb as si-an. 
 The loss of g is not uncommon, as in E. rai7i, brain, A.- 
 S. regn, brmgen. This shows that the A.-S. equivalent 
 of soane was sag-nan, regularly formed with the 
 passive or intransitive suffix -nan from sdg, pt. t. of 
 sig-an, to sink. But as the A.-S. sdgnan is not 
 recorded, we must find its equivalent in other lan- 
 guages. The Icel. form would be seig-na (not found), 
 
 the Swed. would be seg-na, and the Dan. seg-ne ; and 
 the two latter are found. The Dan. segne, is to settle 
 down, sink down gradually ; and the Swed. segna, 
 though not given in the Tauchnitz Diet., appears in 
 Widegren's Diet. (1788), with a by-form signa, to sink 
 down. Further light is thrown on the word by Swedish 
 Dialects. Thus, Rietz gives siga, to sink, with the 
 derivatives signa, sujna, to sink slowly down. These he 
 explains by the mod. Swed. segna. Hence to soane is 
 to sink down gradually, to settle into a final position." 
 From the same root we have the forms to seg, sag, 
 sag, to shake, press, or settle down, as in filling a sack, 
 with grain or flour. V. Seg, v. 
 
 SOBER, SoBiR, adj. Steady, industrious, 
 well-doing ; as, " He was a douce, sober 
 man," a quiet, industrious man, or, a quiet, 
 well-doing, working-man ; sobir folkis, the 
 sohir estait, working people, the working 
 class. Addit. to Sober, q. v. 
 
 This meaning of the term, which has not yet passect 
 out of use, was overlooked by Jamieson. It occur* 
 frequently in our Burgh Bees., especially in regulations 
 of rates and charges for the community. 
 
 The Town Council of Aberdeen, when fixing the 
 emoluments of the sacristan in 1565, agreed to give 
 him a salary of ten merks yearly, and that he should 
 have "of accidentis, of euery mariage, xviijd., of 
 honest or reche folkis, and xijd. of sobir folkis ; and of 
 baptysme, xij. penneis of honest folkis, and vid. of 
 sobir folkis ; and for making of gravis of the buriall, 
 xviij penneis of reche and honest folkis, and xijd of the 
 sobir estait (alwaise, in all ther thre forsaidis, the puir 
 and indegent to be fre)." Burgh Bees. Aberdeen, i. 
 361, Sp. C. 
 
 To SOG, V. a. and n. To sink or press down, 
 V. Seg, Sag, v. 
 
 SOIL, SOILL, s. Sill, base, bottom, 
 support : '' the soillis of the windois," 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, I. 348, Rec. Soc. 
 
 A.-S. syl, abase, support; Icel. and Swed. syll. 
 SOIL-BURD, SOILL-BURDE, SOILBAND, S. A 
 
 strip of wood placed on the sill of a window 
 to keep out the rain. Ibid., I. 67. 
 
 SOK, Sock, s. 1. A stock, frame, rest, sup- 
 port ; as, *' The gun needs a new sock.'^ 
 
 2. Surety, guarantee, backing, assistance: 
 *' to lay sok to a warrant," to find or obtain 
 surety for a claim, i.e., security against loss 
 or damage. 
 
 To Sok, Sock, v. a. 1. To stock; to fix or 
 mount on a frame or support. 
 
 " . . and als tha ordand the deyne of gild to cause 
 the Hamburght man soh the gwne at the blokhouse 
 suflBcientlie with ane guid soun sok, one the townis ex- 
 pensis." Burgh Bees. Aberdeen, i. 222, Sp. C. 
 
 2. To make sure or secure, to give or find 
 
 surety against loss or damage : " to sok to 
 
 one's warrant," • to fall back upon one's 
 
 surety in case of loss. 
 
 "That Theman, goldsmycht, sal snstene na scathe 
 for the brekine of the saide ferthing [of a gold noble], 
 bot deliuer it agayn to the saide Thomas Byburne, and 
 
SOL 
 
 [224] 
 
 SPA 
 
 he to content Theman of v 3. vi d. agayn, that he gaf 
 him for it, sen it was nocht lachfull nor sufBciande to 
 pass for payment na werk, and the forsaide Thomas 
 till sok til his warande, gif he hafe ony, til vpricht 
 him," Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 1463, i. 26, Sp. C. 
 
 The meaning of the last statement of the above 
 award is that Thomas might fall back upon the person 
 from whom he got the gold piece to free him from loss. 
 
 Sok is prob. short for socor, 0. Fr. socors, succour, 
 aid, support, which Burguy records along with secors 
 and sucurs, from Lat. succurrere, to succour, support. 
 
 SOLAND, SoLAND Goose, s. V. Dict. 
 
 The etym. given by Martin and Sibbald are certainly 
 wrong : that given by Pennant, and adopted by Neill is 
 correct, but not complete. Solan is simply Icel. siilan, 
 the gannet : n standing for the def. article in the def. 
 form of Icel. sula, a gannet. V. Skeat's Etym, Dict. 
 
 SOLE, s. A term in golfing denoting *' the 
 flat bottom of the head of a golf-club/' 
 Gl. Golfer's Handbook. 
 
 SOLEYING, part. V. Solyeing. 
 
 To SOLP, SowLP, V. a. and n. To steep, 
 soak, drench ; pret. and part. pt. solpit ; 
 Houlate, 1. 957, 42, Asloan MS. V. Sowp. 
 
 SONGATIS, SoNEGATis, adv. According to 
 
 the course of the sun. 
 
 *' I find it wilbe ane deir yeir : the bled of the come 
 growis -withersones ; and quhan it growis sonegatis 
 about, it wilbe ane gude chaip yeir." Trials for 
 Witchcraft, 1597, Spald. Mis., i. 96. 
 
 SO'NS, s. pi. A contr. form of sowens; 
 butter d sons, sowens served with butter in- 
 stead of milk, formed the usual supper of a 
 country company after the amusements of 
 Halloween; Burns, Halloween, st. 28. V. 
 Sowens. 
 
 In his note to this term Burns stated that buttered 
 so'ns is always the Halloween supper. It was so at the 
 time the poet wrote, and in the district with which he 
 was acquainted ; but even then sowens were beginning 
 to give place to potatoes in various districts of Scot- 
 land, and now they are almost entirely disused. The 
 usual supper now is beat or mashed potatoes, or as 
 they are usually called champit tatties. 
 
 SOO, Soo-BoAT, 8. A small square-sterned 
 boat with a scull-hole, for towing after a 
 larger one, is called a soo, or a soo-boat ; 
 Orkn. 
 
 SOOLEEN, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Dan. solen, from which Jamieson rightly derives 
 Shetl. sooleen, means "the sun," being the def. form 
 of Dan. 80I, sun ; en representing the def. article. A 
 similar form is found in the word Solan, q. v. 
 
 SOPS DE MAYN, s. pi. Strengthening 
 draughts or viands. Addit. to entry in 
 Dict. 
 
 SOUC AND, SoucAN, s. A single-ply straw- 
 rope ; when the rope is two-pl}-^ it is called 
 a " simmond or simmon.*' 
 
 SOUSE, 5. V. Dict. 
 
 "0. Fr. sols, sous, is derived from Lat. nom. solidus, 
 like Charles from Carolus ; but the Mod. Fr. sou is de- 
 rived from Lat. ace. solidum." Skeat. 
 
 To SOW, SouE, V. n. To breathe, murmur, 
 sigh: a form of SOUCH, but implying a 
 lighter, gentler sound, as if it were a dimin. 
 of that term : " The wind scarce sowed 
 amancr the birks." West of S. 
 
 SOW-TAIL, Sow's-TAiL, s. A spoiled knot 
 
 in binding sheaves ; Orkn. 
 
 In binding sheaves the ends of the straw band are 
 brought together and twisted into a particular kink ; 
 and if that kink is not properly made, the result is a 
 sow's-tail. Prob. so called from the appearance of the 
 band after the knot has slipped. 
 
 To SOWF, V. a. A form of Sowth, q. v. ; 
 Whistle Binkie, L 123. 
 
 SPAC, Spak, adj. Quick, smart : used also 
 also as an adv., short for spacly, spakly. 
 
 His sclauin he dede on al so spac. 
 And henge his harp opon his bac, 
 And had wel gode wil to gon. 
 
 Orfeo and Heurodis, 1. 343. 
 Now athir stoure on ther stedis strikis togedir, 
 Spumes out spakly with speris in hand. 
 
 Jiom. Alexander, L 786. 
 
 Spac and spacli occur repeatedly in Will, and Wer- 
 wolf. See Gloss. 
 
 SPAIKIT, Spab:it, pai^t. and adj. Dried on 
 spaiks, i.e., bars or flakes of wood, like skins 
 or hides for export. V. Spaik. 
 
 " . . nor skynnis spaii^, nor hyddiskippit," i.e., 
 neither dried skins nor salted hides. Burgh Bees. 
 Edinburgh, 1437-8, i. 5, Rec. Soc. 
 
 SPAK, Spack, pret. Spoke, spake. 
 
 Yestreen I met you on the moor, 
 Ye spak na, but gaed by like stoure ; 
 Ye geek at me because I'm poor, 
 But fient a hair care I. 
 
 Tibbie I hae seen the day. 
 Ye would na been sae shy ; 
 For lack o' gear ye lightly me, 
 But trowth I care na by. 
 
 Bums. 
 
 This form is still common; and it is used in the 
 North of England also. V. Brockett's Gloss. 
 
 To SPANYS, V. n. V. Dict. 
 
 Not from O. Fr. espanouir, as given by Tyrwhitt, 
 but from the shorter 0. Fr. espanir, to blow, given by 
 Cotgrave, which made the part. pres. espaniss-ant ; 
 and this verb is not Germanic, as Jamieson suggests, 
 but has come from Lat. expandere. 
 
 SPAR-HALK, s. A sparrow-hawk; Rates 
 of Customs, Haly. Ledger, p. 313; Hou- 
 late, 1. 330, Asloan MS. Bann. MS. has 
 Sperk Halk, q. V. 
 
 SPART, Spert, Spirt, s. A dwarf rush : 
 also, the coarse rush-like grass which grows 
 on wet, boggy land. Other forms of the 
 name are Sprat, Spreat, Sprit, q. v. 
 
SPA 
 
 [225] 
 
 SPI 
 
 Sparty, Spertt, Spirty, adj. Full of 
 spart or rush-grass. V. Spritty. 
 
 SPA VIE, s. The spavin; Burns, The In- 
 N'entory. 
 
 Spaviet, adj. Spavined, having the spavin. 
 
 O. Fr. esparvain, "a spavin in the leg of a horse ; " 
 Cotgr, But this O. Fr. form has come from the L. 
 Lat. sparvarius, sparrow-like, from the hopping or 
 sparrow-like motion of a horse afflicted with spavin. 
 V. Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 To SPAYN, Spean, Speane, Spen, v. a. To 
 
 wean : also to hinder, prevent, suspend : part. 
 
 pt. spaynd, speand, spent. Addit. to Spain, q.v. 
 
 " Depello, to put away, to speane, lacte depellere ;" 
 Duncan's App. Etym., ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 Spayning, part, and s. Preventing, suspend- 
 ing, stoppage. Addit. to Spaining, q. v. 
 
 "That nane of thame tak vpoun hand to tap nor sell 
 darrer [i.e. dearer] . . . vnder the payne of 
 spayning fra the occupatioun for yeir and day." Burgh 
 Kecs. Edinburgh, i. 164, E,ec. Soc. 
 
 SPECHT, s. The speight, spite, or wood- 
 spite, a kind of large woodpecker, better 
 known as the popinjay ; Picus viridis, 
 Linn. 
 
 The Specht was a pursevant, proude to apper, 
 That raid befor the emperour. 
 In a cot of armour 
 Of all kynd of colour, 
 Cumly and cleir. 
 
 Houlate, 1. 334, Asloan MS. 
 The Spite is one of the Rain-birds. It is called by 
 various names, such as the Awl Bird, High Hoe or 
 Highaw (corr. into He-ha), Yappingale, Yaffle ; see 
 Montagu's Ornith. Diet., p. 385, ed. Rennie, 
 
 Cf. O. Fr. epeiche, which Cotgrave renders "A 
 Speight ; the red-tayled woodpecker, or Highaw." 
 
 SPEELIE-WALLIE, Speely-Wally, adj. 
 and s. Same as Peelie-Wallie, q. v. 
 
 SPEENDRIFT, s. V. Dict. 
 
 To the note appended to this entry add : — 
 
 The old sense of spoon was a chip of wood, hence 
 
 speendrift means that the spray flew about like chips 
 
 driven by a storm. 
 
 SPEET, Speat, Speit, s. A spit ; Burgh 
 Recs. Stirling, 1560, p. 72. 
 
 To Speet, Speit, Speat, Spait, Spate, v. a. 
 To spit, fix on a spit ; to stab or run through 
 with a sharp instrument. 
 
 He swoor by a' was swearing worth, 
 
 To speet him like a pliver. 
 Unless he wad from that time forth 
 
 Relinquish her for ever. 
 
 Burns, Jolly Beggars. 
 
 To SPEIR in, Speer in, Spier in, v. n. To 
 go in and ask for ; as, " Speir in at father's 
 as ye gang by:" also, to call at a place 
 to fetch something ; as, " S'peir in at the 
 tailor's for my coat. 
 (Sup.) E 2 
 
 To Speir out, Speer out, Spier out, v. a. 
 To search out, find out, or procure by 
 means of inquiry; " to speir out men fitting 
 to be employit," Burgh Recs. Glasgow, II. 
 157, Rec. Soc. 
 
 SPELDER'D, Speldert, part. pt. Lying 
 with the limbs stretched out : like a dog 
 before a fire. Addit. to Spelder, q. v. 
 
 Hey ! Willie Winkie, are ye coming ben ? 
 The cat's singing gray thrums to the sleeping hen, 
 The dog's spelder' d on the floor, and disna gie a cheep, 
 But here's a waukrife laddie that winna fa' asleep. 
 
 William Miller, Willie Winkie, st. 2. 
 
 SPELINGr, s. Del. this entry in Dict., and 
 see under Spilling. 
 
 To SPEN, Speen, v. a. To spean, wean ; to 
 hinder, prevent, stop. Forms of Spain, 
 q. V. West of S. V. Spayn. 
 
 SPERD, Sperde, part. pt. Barred, shut. 
 V. Spar, v. 
 
 SPERGE, V. and s. V. Spairge. 
 
 SPERK, s. A spark ; a gleam of fire, but 
 generally the merest gleam, as in the ex- 
 pression, "No a sperk on the hearth," im- 
 plying that the fire has gone out : also, 
 sperk d fire, a small fire, as "Bide a wee, 
 an' I'll put on a ^ sperk o' fire-/" hence, 
 like spark in Eng., the least portion or de- 
 gree, as, a sperk o wit, sperk o' sense. 
 
 Quhareby there hang a ruby, without faUle — 
 
 That as a sperk of lowe, so wantonly 
 Semyt birnyng vpon hir quhyt6 throte. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 48, ed. Skeat. 
 
 SPIDARROCH, s. Lit. spade-darg, a day's 
 work with a spade, the extent of ground 
 capable of being dug with a spade in one 
 day. 
 
 To SPIER, V. a. To ask, enquire. V. Speee. 
 
 SPILLING SALT. V. under Salt. 
 
 SPILLING, Spillynge, s. Failure, mis- 
 take, loss; Awnt. Arth., 1. 253, Lincoln 
 MS. V. Spill. 
 
 MS. Douce, from which Pinkerton's version was 
 taken, has speling, which is prob. an error of the scribe. 
 Jamieson rendered the term "instruction," a meaning 
 which makes nonsense of the passage. That entry 
 must therefore be deleted. V. Speling. 
 
 SPITTAL, Spittaill, Spittle, Spittal- 
 Hous, s. An hospital, leper-house. 
 
 Than in ane mantill and ane bevar hat. 
 With cop and clapper, wonder prively. 
 
 He opnit ane secreit yett, and out thairat 
 Convoyit hir, that na man suld espy. 
 Unto ane village half ane myle thairby, 
 
 Delyverit hir in at the Spittaill hous. 
 
 And daylie sent hir part of his almous. 
 
 Henryson, Test. Cresseid, 1. 391. 
 
SPO 
 
 [226] 
 
 SPU 
 
 This is a contr. form of hospital, which Henryaon 
 uses in the same poem. 
 
 Thairfor in secreit wyse ye let me gang 
 Unto your Hospitcdl at the tounis end. 
 
 Ibid., 1. 382. 
 
 To SPONE, V. a. To dispone, bestow, ex- 
 pend; part. pt. sponyt: a contr. of dispone. 
 
 ". . . to geyf hym a sufiand lewyn, and the 
 layf be sponyt on the plas qwar mast ned is." Burgh 
 Recs. Peebles, 1456, p. 116, Rec. See. 
 
 SPONGE, Spounge, Spunge, s. A brusli 
 made of hair, fine heath or heather, &c. ; 
 Kates of Customs, Halyburton's Ledger, 
 p. 329. 
 
 The name sponge was formerly given to any imple- 
 ment used for cleaning, clearing, or dressing, such as a 
 mop, brush, or besom ; and various articles of that kind 
 are still so called : such as the brush with which the 
 artillery-man cleans out his gun ; the mop with which 
 a baker cleans out his oven, &c. And the act or pro- 
 cess of cleaning is in each case called sponging. 
 
 The Rates of Customs of 1612 mention "spounges or 
 brushes " of heather, of heath, and of hair ; used res- 
 pectively as cleaners, as head -brushes, and as brushes 
 for weavers or "fordichting of clothes." And what 
 are now named sponges are there called " watter 
 spounges for chirurgeans," and are rated at twenty 
 shillings the pound weight. See Hal. Led., pp. 292, 
 330. 
 
 SPONTOON, s. A kind of half-pike carried 
 by inferior officers in the army : hence, 
 metaph. an officer : " gilded spontoon^^ 
 gaudy officer. 
 
 From the gilded spontoon to the fife I was ready, 
 I asked no more but a sodger laddie. 
 
 Bums, Jolly Beggars. 
 Bums represents this fille du regiment as ready to 
 welcome any soldier from the gold-braided officer to 
 the humblest bandsman. 
 
 Fr. sponton, esponton, a kind of half-pike, etc. ; from 
 Ital. spuntone, derived from spuntare, to break off the 
 point, to blunt ; and that again has come from Lat. 
 ex and pungere, to pierce, prick. 
 
 SPORNE, part, and s. A form of sparing, 
 spurring in the sense of hasting, hm-rying, 
 setting out on a journey, &c. Errat. in 
 DiCT. 
 
 Oft in Rominis I reid, 
 
 " Airly spome, late speid." 
 
 Gawan and Gol., 68, 11. 
 Delete the entry in the Dict, Jamieson has been 
 misled by the unusual form of the word, else he would 
 have recognised the very common proverb here used. 
 Throughout Scot, its usual form is 
 
 The mair haste the waur speed 
 Quo' the tailor to the lang thread. 
 Sometimes it has a slightly different form, and runs — 
 The mair hurry the less speed : 
 Like a tailor wi' a lang thread. 
 
 SPORT-STAFES, s. pi. The staves or 
 poles used in the game or sport of quarter- 
 staff. 
 
 ' ' Remittis to Johnne Robesoun, travellour, the sex- 
 tene pundis for his nychtbourheid and burgesship, in 
 respect of the service done be him to the toun the 
 tyme of his Majesteis being in Scotland, in hambring- 
 
 ing and taking agane to Edinburgh the sport stafes and 
 gownes." Burgh Recs. Stirling, 1 Sept., 1634, p. 172. 
 
 SPOUSAGE, Spowsage, s. Wedlock; the 
 state or bonds of wedlock; spoushrehe, 
 spousbreche, adultery; " brekar of spowscr^e," 
 an adulterer or an adulteress ; Burgh Recs. 
 StirHng, Stirling, 28 April, 1547. 
 
 SPRAINGED, part, and adj. Dotted, scat- 
 tered, spread over. Addit. to Sprainged, 
 q.v. 
 
 The window's sprainged wi' icy stars. 
 
 Whistle Binkie, ii. 350. 
 
 SPRAWLS, s. pi. A corr. of spalds, pieces, 
 shreds, tatters ; lit. limbs : '* rive to sprawls; '* 
 Whistle Binkie, i. 352. 
 
 SPREAGH, Speech, s. Lit. cattle ; hence 
 prey, booty ; Scott, Rob Roy, ch. 23; 26. 
 Addit. to Speeith, q. v. 
 
 SPRETTY, adj. V. Spritty. 
 
 SPRING, s. The degree of suppleness that 
 an instrument, or the handle of an instru- 
 ment, possesses : used regarding a fishing- 
 rod, the shaft of a golf-club, etc. 
 
 SPRING, s. " Tak a spring o' your ain 
 fiddle," i.e.. Follow your own plan and take 
 the consequences. V. Spring. 
 
 This proverb is addressed to persons who propose 
 some questionable plan, or to those who resist good 
 advice. 
 
 But sen ye think it easy thing 
 
 To mount aboif the moon, 
 Of yoxir ain fiddle tak a spring. 
 And dance quhen ye half done. 
 
 Montgomery, Cherrie and Slae, st. 66. 
 " ' I can hear no remonstrances,' he continued, turn- 
 ing away from the Bailie, whose mouth was open to 
 address him ; * the service I am on gives me no time 
 for idle discussion.' 'Aweel, aweel, sir,' said the 
 Bailie, ' you're welcome to a tune on your ain fiddle ; 
 but see if I dinna gar ye dance till't afore a's dune.' " 
 Sir W. Scott, Rob Roy, ch. 29. 
 
 To SPRUN, V. 11. To spur, spring, rise, 
 project. 
 
 My beikis ar spruning he and bauld. 
 
 Dunbar, Petition of Gray Horse, 1. 40. 
 A.-S. spura, a spur; Ger. spom : hence E. spur, to 
 press forward, and spurn, to rise superior to, as "to 
 spurn delights." 
 
 SPULE, Spuil, s. a cope or pirn on which 
 yarn is wound for the weaver; Whistle 
 Binkie, i. 353, Burgh Rec. Edinburgh, i. 
 122, Rec. Soc. Errat. in Dict. 
 
 Not "a shuttle," as Jamieson defined it, but the 
 cope or pirn which carries the yarn in the shuttle ; and 
 the pirn whether filled or empty is so named ; that is» 
 a spule is a pirn for yam or a pirn of yam. Besides, 
 the copes of yam used in thread-making are called 
 spules. E. spools. 
 
 SPURTLE-BLADE, s. A ludicrous name 
 for a sword. V. Spurtill. 
 
SPY 
 
 [227] 
 
 STA 
 
 It's tauld he was a sodger bred, 
 And ane wad rather fa'n than fled ; 
 But now he's quat the spurtle-blade. 
 
 And dog-skin wallet, 
 And ta'en the Antiquarian trade, 
 
 I think they call it. 
 
 Burns, On Captain Grose, st. 5. 
 
 SPYNLE, Spynyle, s. A spindle ; myl- 
 spynyle, the spindle or shaft of a corn-mill ; 
 Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 6 Feb., 1496. V. 
 Spinnel. 
 
 To SPYRE, 
 
 Spere. 
 
 V. a 
 
 To search, ask. V. 
 A squadron, squad, set, 
 
 SQUADER, i 
 party. 
 
 "The next squader that commes in are captaines of 
 cheef." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 19. 
 
 0. Fr. esquadre, escadre, from Ital. squadra, a 
 squadron. 
 
 SQUARE, adj. A term in golfing, used to 
 denote the state of a game which stands 
 evenly balanced, i.e., when the players are 
 equal in their count of holes. Gl. Golfer's 
 Handbook. 
 
 SRAL, s. V. DiCT. 
 
 A misprint in Pinkerton's version of Sir Gaw. and 
 Sir Gal. for L-al, which is prob. a corruption of Orielle, 
 a kind of precious stone described by Sir John Maun- 
 deville as "a ston well schynynge;" Voiage, p. 48, 
 ed. 1839. V. Gloss, to Sir Gawayne. 
 
 " Irale, a kind of precious stone." Halliwell. 
 
 STABLE-MEAL, s. The liquor consumed 
 in an inn by farmers by way of remuner- 
 ating the innkeeper for accommodating their 
 horses during the day : i.e., stable-mail. 
 
 When thou an' I were young and skeigh, 
 An' stable-meals at fairs were dreigh, 
 How thou wad prance, an' snore, an' skreigh. 
 An' tak the road. 
 Burns, The Fanner to his Mare Maggie. 
 
 STADDLIN, Staddle, s. The foundation 
 or stance for a corn or hay stack ; also, 
 the mark left in the grass by a hay-rick 
 which has stood for a long time on account 
 of bad weather. V. Staddle. 
 
 STAG, s. A stake, pile, fixed or for fixing 
 in the ground: E. stake. West of S., 
 Aberd. 
 
 To Stag, v. a. To stake, to drive stakes in 
 the ground ; pret. and part. pt. staggit, 
 staked, set on stakes, erected on piles; 
 Burgh Recs. Aberd., II. 300. 
 
 STAGGIE, s. Dim. of stag. 
 
 The' thou's howe-backit now, an' knaggie, 
 
 I've seen the day. 
 Thou could hae gane like ony staggie 
 
 Out-owre the lay. 
 Burns, The Farmer to his Mare Maggie. 
 
 STAKRAND, part. Staggering; Rob 
 
 Stene's Dream, p. 8, Mait. 0. V. 
 Starker. 
 
 To STALE, Stail, v. a. To shun, avoid. 
 V. under Mait. 
 
 That under cure I got sic check. 
 Which I might not remove nor neck, 
 But eyther stail or mait. 
 
 Montgomery, Cherrie and Slae, st. 16. 
 
 Chech, stale, and mate, are all chess terms. ' ' But 
 eyther stail or mait," means, " but I must either suffer 
 stale-mate or check-mate," i.e., I must, in any case, 
 get the worst of it. Stail is simply E. stale, allied to 
 stall and still. 
 
 To STALE, Stail, Stal, Stell, v. n. and a. 
 To make water, piss; pret. staild, Inter. 
 Droichis, Bann. MS., 1. 54. 
 
 " Item, gif ony stal in the yet of the gilde or upon 
 the wall of the gild endurand the gild, he sail gif iiijd. 
 to the mendis. " Lawis of the Gild, ch. 10. Ancient 
 Laws of Scot. , Rec. Soc. 
 
 Lat. stillare, to drop, distil. 
 
 Stall, Stell, s. A pool or collection of 
 urine, that which has been staled. 
 
 STANCHER, Staneoher, Stanchel, s. An 
 iron bar for a window. V. Stanssour. 
 
 To STAND for, Stand m for, v. a. To 
 engage, be bound, come good for, war- 
 rant. 
 
 Thou art ane limmer, I stand/or'd. 
 
 Lyndsay, Three Estaitis. 
 Stand for'd, stand for it. 
 
 The expression stand in for is used when one party 
 becomes surety for another ; as, " He has taen the 
 farm, and his brother stands in for him,. " 
 
 STANDAR, adj. Always standing : '■'■standar 
 oliphant," the elephant that always stands ; 
 Kingis Quair, st. 156, ed. Skeat. 
 
 "The elephant was said to have only one joint in 
 bis legs, so that he could not lie down. He used to 
 lean against a tree to go to sleep ; see Philip de Thaun, 
 p. 101 ; Golding's tr. of Solinus, bk. i. c. 32 ; E. Phip- 
 son's Animal Lore in Shakespeare's Time, p. 146." 
 Ibid., Note, p. 87. 
 
 The use of this Yerbal-adjective form ending in-ar 
 (Eag. er) is in imitation of Chaucer. In his Assembly 
 of Foules we find "the sliooter ew," and "the bilder 
 ook." See Gl. Kingis Quair, p. 109. 
 
 STANG, pret. Stung, did sting. 
 
 This old preterite of sting is common in Mid. Eng. 
 
 STANNEL, Stanel, Stanyel, Stonegal, s. 
 Same as Stanchell, q. v. 
 
 To STAUK, Stawk, v. a. and n. To stalk, 
 to hunt game ; also, to walk with high and 
 proud step : part. pr. staukin, used also as a s. 
 E. stalk. 
 
 The last Halloween I was waukin 
 My droukit sark-sleeve, as ye ken ; 
 
 His likeness cam up the house staukin — 
 And the very grey breeks o' Tam Glen ! 
 
 Burns, Tam Glen, st. 7. 
 
STE 
 
 [228] 
 
 STI 
 
 To STEAL, V. a. A term in golfing meaning 
 " to hole an unlikely put from a distance." 
 Gl. Golfer's Handbook. 
 
 To STEAVE, Steve, Stave, v. a. 1. To 
 stiffen, tighten, screw up ; pret. and part, 
 pt. steaved, staved, stiffened, made firm. 
 
 I steave up my temper-string gayly, 
 An' whiles a bit verse 1 do chant ; 
 
 For lasses ye ken, maun be wylie, 
 To mak up their unco bit want. 
 
 W. Watson, The Unco Bit Want, st. 3. 
 
 2. To sprain ; ''He sieved his wrist and staved 
 my thumb." Addit. to Steeve, v. q. v. 
 
 STEDABLE, adj. Helpful, ready to give 
 
 assistance. V. Sted. Stede, v. 
 
 " The saide Thomas sail be stedahle to the saide 
 Willam iu all thingis that he has ado." Burgh Kecs. 
 Aberdeen, 1467, i. 27, Sp. C. 
 
 STEEK, Stek, Stik, s. A piece, as of 
 cloth. V. Sticke. 
 
 STEEL-BOWED, Steil-Bowed, part. pt. 
 Astricted, devoted, or set apart for a special 
 purpose ; guaranteed, assured, inviolate. V. 
 Steel-bow-Goods. 
 
 " For as by the foster-father-hood of such high 
 callings, Gods Altar-mens trauels in his own trueth 
 ought to be Steil-boiced : so these great-good gifts of 
 nature and grace does plentifully promit that comfort 
 to vs." Blame of Kirkburiall, Dedication. 
 
 STEEPFAT, Stepfat, s. A vat in which 
 malt is steeped : " Kyll and step/at,** Burgh 
 Eecs. Peebles, 1550, p. 204, Rec. Soc. 
 
 A steep-vat was also called a malt-coble ; but often it 
 was only "a coble." See under Coble, Coble. 
 
 To STEKIL, V. a. To straw, scatter, 
 sprinkle ; part. pt. stekillede. 
 
 In stele was he stuffede, that steryn was on stede. 
 
 Alle of stemys of golde, that stekillede was on straye. 
 
 Awnt. Arth., 1. 390. 
 
 This may be a corr. of strekle, strinkle, to straw ; but 
 the context rather suggests its connection with M. E. 
 steken, to stick in, insert, inlay, of which stekil may be 
 a dimin. Hence slickly, rough, prickly, on account of 
 small points or objects inserted or inlaid. 
 
 STEME, Stem, s. A- glimpse. V. Styme. 
 
 STENCHER, Stenser, Stensel, s. V. 
 Stanssour, Stenohel. 
 
 To STENYE, Steyne, Sten, v. a. and ji. 
 To stretch, extend. Forms of Stend, q. v. 
 
 A gay grene cloke that will nocht stenye. 
 
 Wowing of Jok and Jenny. 
 
 To STEP, Stap, Stope, v. a. To step over, 
 pass by, miss, neglect, leave out: syn. to 
 hip. 
 
 In Scot, burghs long ago, the common minstrel or 
 piper was supplied with dmner daily by the inhabitants 
 in rotation ; and he was directed by the magistrates 
 " to hip nane." In the list of instructions given to the 
 Glasgow minstrels in 1600, one was,— "Item, that 
 
 thai stope na frieman that is liable to gif them ordiner, 
 nor tak syluer fra ane to pas to ane vther." Burgh 
 Recs. Glasgow, i. 207, Rec. Soc. 
 
 A.-S. steopan, to bereave, deprive; 0. H. Ger. 
 stiu/an, to deprive of parents, to deprive of anything 
 valuable to one. 
 
 To Step-bairn, Step-barne, v. a. To treat 
 
 with partiality, disfavour, or unkindness ; to 
 
 exempt from favour, benefit, or advantage. 
 
 " And if otherwise it were, why doe they so 
 partially step-barne the pursse-miserable poore from 
 such a soul-helpe ? " Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 19. 
 
 STEROP, s. A kind of hawk ; Houlate, 1. 
 
 652. 
 STEWTH, Stewthe, s. Theft: Burgh 
 
 Recs. Stirling, p. 134. A form of Stowth, 
 
 q. V. 
 To STICK, V. a. To stab, kill, murder: 
 pret. and part. pt. stickit ; part. pr. sticking 
 used also as a s., as, " I wadna trust him 
 wi' the stickin o' a cawf." 
 A.-S. stician, Du. steken, to stab. 
 
 Stickit, Sticked, part. pa. Stabbed, mur- 
 dered, assassinated. 
 
 " , . the corps of sticked Tarquin to be both bathed 
 and balmed ; " Bl. of Kirkburiall, ch. xiv. 
 
 STIDDIE, s. An anvil. V. Study. 
 
 "Incus, a smith's stiddie." Duncan's App. Etym., 
 ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 STIMY, STEIMMY, s. A term in golfing 
 
 to express the predicament in which a player 
 
 is placed when he finds that his opponent's 
 
 ball lies in the line of his put. 
 
 Prob. a corr, from E. stem, to check, stop, block, 
 which has come from A.-S. stcefii, stefn, stemn, the stem 
 of a tree : " from the throwing of a tree-trunk into a 
 river, which checks the current. So Icel. stemma, 
 Dan. stemme, to dam up, from stemme, trunk. Skeat's 
 Etym. Diet. 
 
 To STINT, Stynt, v. a. To scrimp, curtail, 
 stunt, impoverish ; West of S. Addit. to 
 Stint, q. v. 
 
 Stitit is still so used in the West of Scotland ; as in 
 the common sayings, "Stint the belly to deed the 
 back ;" "It's ill hain't to stint a bairn in his brose ;" 
 " A sunless simmer stints the corn." As the following 
 entry shows the term was so used in the time of Burns. 
 It is the same as E. stint, M. E. stintan, but it has a 
 wider range of meaning and application. 
 
 Stintit, Styntit, part, and adj. Scrimped, 
 
 curtailed, stunted ; and in some applications 
 
 it implies small and grudgingly given, as in 
 
 the expression, " a poor stintit wage." Cf. 
 
 E. stinted. 
 
 " Fra stintit meat comes reestit growth," is a common 
 adage in the West of S. 
 
 But now the cot is bare and cauld. 
 
 Its branchy shelter is lost and gane. 
 And scarce a stintit birk is left 
 To shiver in the blast its lane. 
 Burns, Destruction of Drumlanrig Woods. 
 
STI 
 
 [229] 
 
 STR 
 
 That stint and stunt are closely connected may be 
 seen from the following. M. E. stintan, to shorten, 
 cut short, has come from A.-S. styntan, formed from 
 stunt, stupid, short of wit ; and 0. Swed. stynta, to 
 shorten, has come from stunt, short, small, cut short. 
 Skeat, Etym. Diet. In fact, A.-S. y is the regular 
 mutation of u. 
 
 STIRRAP, s. A hook, chain, or rod bj 
 which an article is suspended : " thre 
 stirrapis for the lampys ; " Register of Vest- 
 ments, &c., in St. Salvalor, St. Andrews, 
 Mait. Club, Misc. III. 205. E. stirrup. 
 
 STITHILL, adv. Del. this entry in DiCT., 
 and take the following one instead. 
 
 To STITHIL, Stithill, Stithle, Stichtle, 
 V. n. To exert oneself, to toil, journey, 
 voyage, press on ; also as a v. a., to dis- 
 pose, guide, manage, rule. 
 
 Mony sege our the sea to the cite socht : 
 Schipmen our the streme thai stithil full straught, 
 With alkyn wappyns I wys that was for were wroght. 
 Oawan and Gol., 1. 460. 
 Jamieson evidently misunderstood this passage, and 
 his failure, if not caused, was at least confirmed by 
 reading stithil as an adj. or adv. V. Dict. 
 
 In its active sense it occurs repeatedly in the Green 
 Knight, and in Rom. Alexander, 1. 195, 589, 2298. 
 
 To STIVEL, Stiffle, v. n. To stumble, 
 stagger; to walk or work like one stupified; 
 part. pt. stivelit, stijilit : al to-sti^lit, com- 
 pletely staggered or confounded ; Gol. and 
 Gawane, st. 49. V. Stevel. 
 
 STOCK, s. 1. A plant of colewort or kail, 
 
 cabbage, etc. 
 
 The stocks pulled by persons holding Halloween were 
 whole plants. 
 
 2. The head or top of the plant, i.e., the edible 
 
 portion is also called a stock: "Bring in a 
 
 guid kale-s^oc^, and a weel-filled cabbage- 
 
 stock for the broth the day." 
 
 Jamieson's defin. of a stock is not the one generally 
 used. V. Dict. 
 
 3. A stand or rest. The block or table on 
 which a butcher or a fishmonger cuts up 
 his goods ; Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, I. 114, 
 B. R. Glasgow, I. 64. Also, a hold, handle, 
 stalk. Addit. to Stock, q. v. 
 
 Stockit, Stokit, pa7't. pt. Fitted with a 
 
 stock or stalk : mounted. V. Stok. 
 
 *' . . . presented vnto thame ane bell, new and 
 stockit, quhilk he frielie gevis and mortifies for the vse 
 of the grammer schole." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, ii. 
 395, Sp. C. 
 
 To Stock-Band, Stok- Band, v. a. To 
 
 mount, fix, and bind a gun on its stock : 
 
 generally applied to the fixing of a cannon 
 
 on its carriage. 
 
 " [The provost, bailies, and council] ordanis Jhone 
 Harwod, theasurar, to caus stok band and mont the 
 
 townis artalyere, now presentle lyand in the end of the 
 kirk, and to by and caus furnia all thingis necessar 
 thairto, to the effect the saniyn may be in reddines 
 preparit and reperallit in cais onye forane inemyis wald 
 cum and persew this burgh," &c. Burgh Recs. Edin., 
 9 July, 1567, Recs. Soc. 
 
 All the varieties of stock, implying a stick or stalk, 
 staff, stem, stump, block, table, frame, stand, etc., may 
 be referred to A.-S. docc, a stock, post; Ger. stock, 
 Dutch stok, Icel. siokkr, Dan. stok, Sw. stock. See 
 Wedgwood, and Skeat. 
 
 STOFE, s. A stove, vapour-bath. Addit. 
 to Stove, q. v. 
 
 *' Vaporarium, a hot stofe." Duncan's App. Etym.,. 
 ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 STONEGAL, s. A kind of hawk. V. 
 Stanchell. 
 
 To STOO, Stou, v. 11. Same as stound ; 
 and as applied to the sense of feeling, ta 
 ache, smart, thrill ; " My finger's stooin wi^ 
 the pain ; " as applied to the sense of hear- 
 ing, to sound, resound, clang, thrill; pret. 
 stooit, stou't; part. pr. stooin^ stouin. V. 
 Stound. 
 
 meikle bliss is in a kiss, 
 
 Whyles mair than in a score ; 
 But wae betak the stouin smack, 
 I took ahint the door. 
 
 Song, The kiss ahint the door. 
 "Stouin smack," loud sounding kiss, or, as Buru» 
 called it, " a skelpin kiss ; " see The Jolly Beggars. 
 
 Stoo, Stou, s. Acute pain experienced in 
 stings or throbs; a sting, thrill, or throb 
 of pain ; also, the feeling produced by a 
 shrill, piercing sound. Same as Stound, 
 q. v. 
 
 STOORIE, adj. Restless, romping, frolic- 
 some. V. Sture, Stoor. 
 
 Wearied is the mither that has a stoorie wean. 
 
 William Miller, Willie Winkie, st. 5. 
 
 STOUT, STOOT,ac?j/. Stout-hearted, haughty, 
 defiant ; also, daring. • 
 Stout is frequently so used in Scot, ballads. 
 And they hae quarrell'd on a day, 
 Till Marjorie's heart grew wae ; 
 And she said she'd chuse another love, 
 
 And let young "Benjie gae. 
 And he was stout and proud-hearted, 
 
 And thought o't bitterlie ; 
 And he's gane by the wan moonlight 
 To meet his Marjorie. 
 
 " Oh wha has done thee wrang, sister, 
 
 Or dared the deadly sin ? 
 Wha was sa stout, and fear'd na dout. 
 
 As throw ye o'er the linn ? " 
 
 Ballad, Young Benjie, 
 
 STOWIN, part. pt. A poetic form of stown, 
 stolen ; Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 25, ed. 1882. 
 
 To STRAIK, Streik, Strek, v. a. To strike, 
 start, begin, commence : part. pres. 
 straikin, streikin, streking, used also as a s., 
 as in ^Hhe straikin o' thelicht" (i.e., the 
 
STR 
 
 [230] 
 
 STY 
 
 break of day), " the strekin o' the plews " 
 (i.e., when farmers begin to plough, or, the 
 commencement of spring). Addit. to 
 Straik. 
 
 " . . tua vesitouris to be maid and chosing per- 
 petualie to vesy yeirlie in tyme cuming all properteis 
 and commonteis pertenyng te the liberte and fredom 
 of burgh at the streking of the plewis yerelie, betwix 
 Sanct Lucas day and Mertymes, and at harrowis 
 streking, gif ony thairof be telit be nychtbouris adia- 
 cent, that the samin may be resistit in tyme." Burgh 
 E«cs. Peebles, p. 218, Eec. Soc. 
 
 The various entries of Straik ought to be combined, 
 as they present mere varieties of meaning. 
 
 Straik, Strake, Strek, s. 1. A handful of 
 flax in process of dressing: and when 
 dressed it is made up into a small roll or 
 bundle, called a straik, or a straik o' lint. 
 V. Streik, Streek 
 
 2. A streak, line, trace; as, "a straik o' 
 bluid : " a small quantity, a very little, a 
 mere handful ; as, " Gie the puir body a 
 straik o' meal." West of S. 
 
 Straik o' Day, Streik o' Light, s. Day- 
 break, dawn of day : " He was up by 
 straik o' day" Another form is streek o' 
 day. 
 
 To STKAIT THE PIN, Streek the Pm. 
 
 To tighten the temper-pin of a spinning- 
 wheel, keep it at the right pitch, which im- 
 plies close attention to the spinning ; hence, 
 the order, " strait or streek the pin" meant 
 attend to your spinning, mind your work. 
 
 Auld luckie says they're in a creel, 
 And redds them up, I trow, fu' weel. 
 Cries, " Lasses, occupy your wheel, 
 A:aA. strait the pin." 
 
 Keith, The Farmer's Ha', st. 15. 
 •'Auld luckie," the mistress of the house. 
 " R«dds them up," rates or scolds them for their 
 trifling. 
 
 STREANE, V. and s. Stram, sprain. V. 
 Streind. 
 
 " Stringo, to streane, or wring." Duncan's App. 
 Etym., ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 STRECHT, Strycht, part. pt. Bound, 
 attached; Houlate, 1. 652, Asloan MS. 
 V. Strick, v. 
 
 STREIPILLIS, s. pi. Strapples, small 
 straps ; " Ane sadill with streipillis,'" i.e., 
 stirrup-straps, Aberd. Reg. Cent. 16. Errat. 
 in DiCT. 
 
 Not stirrups, as suggested by Jaraieson, but straps 
 for stirrups : and very prob. they were called small 
 straps to distinguish them from the larger straps for 
 keeping the saddle in position. There may or may not 
 have been stirrups along with them. 
 
 Simply a dimin. from E. strap, as in Jamieson's first 
 suggestion. 
 
 STREK-BED, Streck-bed, s. A folding 
 
 bed ; Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, I. 91, Rec. 
 Soc. V. Strek, Streik. 
 
 STREKIN, Streikin, s. V. under Straik, v. 
 
 To STRET, V. a. To bind by promise or 
 oath, astrict ; part. pt. stretit, bound, 
 astricted, constrained ; Spald. Club Misc., i. 
 95. V. Strait. 
 
 STRINCATES, s. pi. Jewels, trinkets; 
 " tresour, strincates, and artalyery;" Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, 1489, 1. 45, Sp. C. 
 
 Perhaps a corr. of trinkets, from O. Fr. trencher, to 
 cut, carve, of which Burguy gives as prov. forms 
 trencar, trinchar, trinquor. Cf. Sp. trinchar, and Ital. 
 trinciare, to cut, carve. For further discussion see 
 Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 STROAN, V. and s. V. Strone. 
 
 To STROW, V. a. To scatter, spread, cover 
 
 over ; part. pt. strowit, strewn ; Kingis 
 
 Quair, st. 65, ed. Skeat. 
 
 A.-S. streowian, Goth, straujan, to strew, scatter. 
 Cf. Lat. stramen, straw, lit. what is scattered. 
 
 STRUDER, Struther, Stroud yr, Strow- 
 DER, s. Lane, avenue, walk ; Burgh Recs. 
 Peebles, p. 180. V. Strothie. 
 
 This term is used in various districts of Scot., and is 
 generally applied to a long, straight lane or country- 
 road near the bank of a river. 
 
 STRYCHT, part. pt. V. Strecht, Strick. 
 
 STRYND, Strynde, s. A strum, a sullen, 
 surly, or pettish fit : same as Strunt, q. v. ; 
 Dunbar and Kennedy, 1. 55 : also, perver- 
 sity ; Alex. Scott, p. 16, ed. 1882. 
 
 STRYND, s. V. DicT. 
 
 " Strynd, in the sense of 'race' or 'disposition,' is 
 from A. -S. strynd, race, as stated in Dict. But 0. Fr. 
 estraine is from a Frankish equivalent of it, not from 
 Lat. extractio, as Roquefort suggested. " Skeat. 
 
 STUDE, pret. Stood, did stand. 
 
 Similar examples of u for Eng. oo are found in gude, 
 fade, blude, rude. 
 
 STUIVIPIE, s. Dimin. of stump : applied to 
 a worn quill. 
 
 Sae I got paper in a blink. 
 
 And down gaed stumpie in the ink. 
 
 liwns, Ep. to Lapraik. 
 
 In another epistle to the same friend Burns uses the 
 word as an adj., meaning much worn, blunt : — 
 Sae my auld stumpie pen I gat it 
 
 Wi' muckle wark, 
 An' took my jocteleg an' what it 
 Like ony dark. 
 The above meanings are additional to those given by 
 Jamieson. 
 
 STY, Stie, Stee, 8. A narrow way, lane, 
 path ; a ladder ; Rom. Alexander, 1 5064, 
 2481. Addit. to Sty. 
 
STY 
 
 [231] 
 
 SUR 
 
 STYEN, s. V. DicT. 
 
 The etym. given for this term does not explain the 
 final n. The A.-S. name was stigend, rising, from the 
 part. pres. of stigan, to ascend, rise. It was used as 
 short for stigend edge, rising eye, which in M. Eng. 
 became corrupted into sty any e, as if it meant ' ' sty on 
 eye " ; and afterwards by dropping sometimes -ye, 
 sometimes -anye, it became styan, and sty. See Skeat's 
 Etym. Diet., s. v. Sty. 
 
 This explanation accounts for the expression still 
 common, " a sty on the eye." 
 
 SUAIF, SwAiF, adj. Suave, sweet, pleasant. 
 
 Becauss I fand hir ay so swat/, 
 Sic favour to that sueit I gaif, 
 That ay I sail hir honour saif, 
 
 And schame conseill ; 
 And for hir sake lufe all the laif 
 
 With littill deill. 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 93, ed. 1882. 
 
 SIT ARE, SwAR, s. The neck. V. Sware. 
 SUBELL, SuBBELL, s. A form of Isobel ; 
 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, I. 245, Rec. Soc. 
 SUD, pret. Should ; commonly written suld. 
 
 SUDAR, s. A napkin ; a portion of the fit- 
 tings of a church altar ; Recs. of Old Dun- 
 dee, p. 559. E. sudary. 
 Lat. sudarium, a napkin : from eudare, to sweat. 
 
 SUERDOME, s. V. under Sw^er. 
 
 SUFFERAGH, s. Suffrage; service or 
 prayer for the dead. V. Suffrage. 
 
 " . . twa markis of obit siluer to be uplift and 
 tane to the feft chaplanis yeirly for suffer agh to be donn 
 for the sauUis of wmquhill Allexander, lord Elphin- 
 stoun and Sir Johen Elphinstoun his fader, of ane land 
 and tenement liand in the Bakraw." Burgh Recs. 
 Stirling, 14 Oct., 1521. 
 
 This term most iirob. represents the local pronunci- 
 ation of suffei-age, a form of suffrage. The population 
 of Stirling was at that time chiefly of Celtic origin 
 and familiar with Gaelic ; hence the peculiar termina- 
 tion of this word. 
 
 SUFI AND, SuriANT, adj. Sufficient, suit- 
 able; Burgh Recs. Peebles, 1456, p. 116, 
 Rec. Soc. 
 
 A colloquial and equivalent contr. form of suffisand, 
 which occurs in Barbour, i. 368. Cf. Fr. suff,re, which 
 may have been Englished as stiffy. E. suffice is not 
 from the infinitive, but from the stem of the part. pres. 
 suffis-ant. 
 
 SUGET, SuGGET, s. A subject. 
 
 SUMMERING, Sommering, s. An old 
 border custom of making hunting excur- 
 sions into England during the summer 
 season. 
 
 Those gypsy adventures, well outlined in the follow- 
 ing extract, were gradually put down after the union 
 of the Crowns, 
 
 " Quhairas sindrie of the Ellottis and Armestrangis 
 in Liddisdaill and some other partis of the Middle 
 Shyris of this Hand continewis ane auld custome 
 (whiche wes formarlie keepit be thame whill as these 
 Middle Shyris were divydit under the governament of 
 two severall free Princes), in the sommer tyme repair- 
 ing to some of these boundis that belong to this 
 
 kingdome, and thair in hostile manor making thair 
 stay and residence thay destroy the game, cuttis the 
 woddis^ and utherwayes committis suche insolencies 
 as could not be weill borne with yf those boundis wer 
 still ane bordour, and sould noway be sufi'erit in the 
 very middis of this oure kingdom. And thairfore oure 
 pleasour and will is . . . thair forbearing ony 
 suche lyke sommering heirefter, under greate pecuniall 
 panes," etc. Letter of James I., 12 April, 1606, Privy 
 Council Records, vol. vii. p. 489. 
 
 SUMQUHILE, SwMQUHYL, adv. For some 
 
 time, at one time, some time ago. 
 
 "Deponyt that he hym self twk siomqvhyl ta the 
 Rwd servys tha iiij s. of the sayd landis." Burgh 
 Recs. Peebles, 1460, p. 136. 
 
 SUN-HORLOGE, Sone-horolage, s. A 
 sun-dial ; " to draw and mak dyellis or sone 
 Jiorolages ;" Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, II. 158, 
 Sp. 0. O. Fr. horloge. 
 
 SUPPLIE, Supple, s. Support, backing; 
 
 in the sense of taking part with or lending 
 
 aid to another. O. Fr. suppleer. 
 
 " Forsamekle as the forsaid lorde is oblist till ws 
 in manteuance and supplie to keipe ws in oure fredomes. 
 and infeftnientis for certaine termes." Burgh Recs, 
 Aberdeen, 1462, i. 22, Sp. C. 
 
 SURCOAT, SuRCOTE, s. An upper garment 
 worn by females, a dress or ornamented 
 kirtle. Errat. in Dict. 
 
 In his treatment of this word Jamieson has confused 
 the surcoat and the sarket. The sarket, dimin. of sark, 
 was a portion of dress worn by both men and women ;. 
 but the surcoat was worn by women only, and it was 
 plain or ornamental according to the rank of the 
 wearer. It is thus desciibed by Planche in his account; 
 of female costume in the twelfth century : 
 
 " Over the long robe or tunic is occasionally seen a. 
 shorter garment of the same fashion, which answers ta 
 the description of the super tunica or sur cote, first 
 mentioned by the Norman writers. In the illumina- 
 tions it is chequered or spotted, most likely to repre- 
 sent embroidery, and terminates a little below the knee= 
 with an indented border. This was the commencement 
 of a fashion against which the first statute was promul- 
 gated by Henry II. at the close of this century, but 
 which defied and survived that and all similar enact- 
 ments." Brit. Costume, p. 81, ed. 1874. 
 
 And ane surcote she werit long that tyde. 
 That semyt [vn]to me of diuerse hewls. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 160, ed. Skeat. 
 
 To SURFLE, SuRFEL, v. a. To overcast, to 
 gather or spread a wider edge over a nar- 
 rower one : hence, to ornament or adorn 
 with trimmings, edging, or embroidery; 
 similar to purjle, q. v. 
 
 SURFLE, SURFEL, SURFELING, SURFLING, s. 
 An overcast; a trimming, edging, or em- 
 broidery; a border or edging of ermine, 
 sable, &c.; the hem of a gown. V. 
 Purfle. 
 
 SURGET, s. Errat. for Suget. V. DiCT. 
 
 This is, as I suspected, a misreading of suget in Pin- 
 kerton's version. The Lincoln MS. reads sugette; 
 Jamieson's note must therefore be deleted. V. Suget. 
 
SUR 
 
 [232] 
 
 SWI 
 
 SURRE GENIE, Surregexrie, Surre- 
 GENRY, s. Surgery, the craft of a surgeon. 
 
 " . . . our said craft of Surregenie or Barbour 
 craft. " Seal of Cause to Barbers, Burgh Bees. Edin- 
 burgh, i. 102, Rec. See. 
 
 '• . . . and that na harbour, maister nor seruand, 
 within this burgh hantt, vse, nor exerce the craft of 
 Surregenrie without he be expert and knaw perfytelie 
 the thingis [belonging to the craft]." Ibid. p. 103. 
 
 0. Fr. chirwgien, "a surgeon;" Cotgr. 
 
 SUTE, s. Soot, smut, blacks. 
 
 " Fuligo, sute." Duncan's App. Etym., ed. Small, 
 E.D.S. 
 
 SUTHRON, adj. Southern; English. 
 Addit. to Southron, q. v. 
 
 We'll sing auld Coila's plains and fells. 
 Her moors red-brown wi' heather bells. 
 Her banks an' braes, her dens an' dells. 
 
 Where glorious Wallace 
 Aft bare the gree, as story tells, 
 
 Frae Suthron billies. 
 
 Bunts, To IF. Simson, Ochiltree. 
 
 SWAIF, adj. Suave, sweet. V. Suaif. 
 
 SWAIRD, s. Sward ; Burns. 
 
 To SWALL, V. n. To swell, enlarge : pret. 
 and part. pt. swald, swale; still common. 
 V. SWALD. 
 
 SWANE, s. Sweden. 
 
 "The said James weddit ane tar barrale that the 
 Queue grace of Yngland suld mary the Kiug of Sivane. " 
 Burgh Bees. Peebles, p. 262, Rec. Soc. 
 
 SWANK, adj. "Stately, jolly;" Burns: 
 well knit, erect, and bold ; and when 
 apphed to a person it means well-formed, 
 good-looking, manly; West of S. Addit. 
 to Swank, q. v. 
 
 Jamieson is certainly wrong in his statement that 
 3urns has improperly explained this word : for it is 
 still in common use with the meanings which Burns 
 Attached to it. Nay, more : in the passage from Fer- 
 guson quoted as proof against him, the word must be 
 Accepted in Burns's sense. Look at it — 
 
 Mair hardy, souple, steeve, an' swank, 
 Than ever stood on Tammy's shank. 
 
 If swank here means ^^ limber, pliant, agile," as 
 Jamieson says, then it has exactly the same meaning 
 as souple with which it is joined, and the line is a 
 weakling whose testimony is worthless , but let swank 
 mean stately, as the author no doubt intended, and the 
 line becomes one of which even Burns would not be 
 ashamed. Besides, whatever may be the meaning 
 which the word has elsewhere, we must grant that 
 Burns knew the precise sense in which he used it, and 
 that he expected it would be understood by his readers 
 in that sense ; and surely we may accept his word 
 for it. 
 
 Moreover, the term swanking, which is similarly 
 applied, and which is still common in various districts of 
 Scotland and of the North of England, means "great, 
 large, strong and strapping, hearty." See Diets, of 
 Halliwell and Wright, and Gloss, of Brockett, Atkin- 
 son, Peacock. 
 
 To SWARE, V. a. To speak, declare, answer; 
 Rom. Alexander, 1. 674. 
 A.-S, swerian, to swear; also, to speak, declare. 
 
 SWDOUR, s. 
 Misc., III. 204. 
 
 SWEAT-HOLE, s. 
 
 A sudary ; 
 V. Sudor. 
 
 Mait. Club. 
 
 A pore of the skin. 
 
 *' Porus, a sweat-hole;" Duncan's App. Etym., ed. 
 Small, E.D.S. 
 
 SWEER, SWEIR. Sweir-out, unwilHng or 
 difficult to turn out, hard to draw : a term 
 applied to a very lazy person. 
 
 And for ane jack ane ragged cloak has tane ; 
 Ane sword sweir-out and rusty for the rain. 
 
 Priests of Peebles. 
 
 SwEER, SwEiR, s. A lazy time, a short rest 
 during working hours, such as field- 
 labourers take between meals ; Forfars. 
 
 To SwEER, SwEiR, V. n. To be lazy, to rest 
 for a short time during working-hours ; 
 " Come, let's sioeer now," i.e., let us have a 
 short lazy. 
 
 SWEERDOM, SUERDOME, s. Laziness, un- 
 willingness to work. 
 
 For thi ensampil ma be tane 
 Of this haly mane, sanct Niniane, 
 Suerdmne and idlenes for to lie 
 And agane al wite wicht to be. 
 
 Barbour, Legends of the Saints. 
 
 Cf. A.-S. siccer, Icel. svarr, Ger. schtoer, heavy, diffi- 
 cult. 
 
 SWIME, SwYME, s. Forms of sown, the 
 
 relative proportion of cattle or sheep to 
 
 pasture, or vice versa ; Corshill Baron Court 
 
 Book, Ayr and Wigton Arch. Coll., iv. 152. 
 
 SWING, s. A term used in golfing to denote 
 the circular sweep of the club when the 
 player is driving. Gl. Golfer's Handbook. 
 
 SWINGEOUR, Swinger (g soft), s. A lazy 
 lounger ; so lazy that he requires to be 
 swinged or whipt to his work ; Burgh Recs. 
 Glasgow, i. 291, Rec. Soc. V. Swinge. 
 
 SWINGLE, Swingle-tree, s. The movable 
 part of a flail, which strikes the grain : 
 more frequently called the souple^ and by 
 Burns called the Jlingin-tree. 
 
 SWIPE, s. In golfing, a full driving stroke. 
 Gl. Golf er's Handbook. Addit. to Swipe, q.v. 
 
 SWISCHE, s. A drum; Burgh Recs. 
 Peebles, 1672, p. 336, Rec. Soc. V. 
 
 SWESCH. 
 
 To SWIVE, Swiff, Swtve, Swyfe, v. a. 
 Futuere; Burgh Recs. Stirling, 1546, p. 43; 
 Lyndsay, Thrie Estaitis, 1. 162, 318. 
 
 SWOOR, Swure, pret. Swore, sware, did 
 swear. 
 
 He swoor by a' was swearing worth, 
 
 To speet him like a pliver. 
 Unless he wad from that time forth 
 
 Relinquish her for ever. 
 
 Bums, Jolly Beggars. 
 
SWY 
 
 [233] 
 
 TAI 
 
 To SWYKE, V. a. To deceive, betray, fail, 
 act treacherously; Awnt. Arth., 1. 539. 
 Errat in DiCT. 
 
 Both defin. and etym. as given by Jamieson are 
 wrong. The word occurs frequently in alliterative 
 romances, and always implies deceit, treachery, or 
 failure ; as in Morte Arthure, 1. 1795. 
 Swappecle owtte with a swerde that swykede hym never. 
 
 So also in Rom. Alexander, 1. 5000, and in Havelok. 
 V, Halliwell's Diet. 
 
 A.-S. swic, deceit, deceitful; sivican, to deceive. 
 
 SYBO, Sybou, Sybow, s. An onion; 
 " sybous or ingons," Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 
 II. 146, Rec. Soc. V. Seibow. 
 
 Sybo was the spelling used by Burns. 
 
 SYITH, Syth, s. a scythe. 
 
 " Falx, a huik or syith." Duncan's App. Etjmi., ed. 
 Small, E.D.S. 
 
 SYLOR, Sylour, Syling, s. The ceiling. 
 
 V. SiLiNG, and Selour. 
 
 " Laquear, vellaquiarium, the syling ot ane house." 
 Duncan's App. Etym., ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 Syloring, Sylloring, par^ pr. Lining or 
 covering a ceiling ; Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 
 i. 342, Rec. Soc. V. Syll. 
 
 SYMBACLANIS, Symbilyjse, s. A musi- 
 cal instrument ; prob. a form of cymbals. 
 
 Claryonis lowde knellis, 
 Portatiuis and bellis, 
 Symbadanis in the cellis, 
 That soundis so soft, 
 
 Houlate, 1. 766, Asloan, MS. 
 Quhar cherubyne syngis sweit Ossana, 
 With organe, tympane, harpe, and symhilyne. 
 
 Dunbar, Roiss Mary most of Verteio, 1. 15. 
 
 SYMBLER, s. V. Sumleyr, Sumlare. 
 
 SYOUR, Sire, s. A gutter, drain; Burgh 
 Recs. Glasgow, II. 128, Rec. Soc. V. 
 
 SiVER. 
 
 SYTH, Sythe, s. a sey, sieve, or strainer 
 for milk. V. Sye. 
 
 SYTHARIST, s. A musical instrument : 
 prob. the harp ; Houlate, 1. 757, Asloan 
 
 MS. V. CiTHARIST. 
 
 T. 
 
 TABBY, Tab, adj. Striped or brindled, 
 marked like tahhy (i.e., tabin or tabinet, 
 waved or watered silk, Fr. tahis) ; applied to 
 a cat so marked. 
 
 Tabby, Tabbie, Tab, s. Short for tahhy-cat, 
 
 a tom-cat, male-cat ; also a colloq. or pet 
 
 name for a cat. 
 
 The most prob. explanation of these terms is that 
 they stand for Tibbie, a pet name for a cat, derived 
 from Tibalt or Tybalt (coll. for Theobald), which was 
 the proper name for the cat in the Beast Epic of the 
 Middle Ages. In Caxton's Eeynard the Fox, printed 
 in 1481, a chapter is devoted to the doings of tyhert the 
 catte ; and more than a century later the English dra- 
 matists frequently refer to Tybert prince of cats. Ben 
 Johnson uses the term tiberts for cats ; and in Romeo 
 and Juliet Shakespeare makes Mercutio speak of Tybalt 
 as ' ' more than prince of cats, " and addresses him as 
 "good king of cats." V. Folk-Etymology, pp. 383-4, 
 Dyce's Gloss. Shakespeare. 
 
 TABUIRIE, s. Town-drummer, or, in com- 
 mon parlance, the drum. 
 
 " Hes ordanit the tabuirie to pas throw the towne 
 discharging the inhabitants of Lainrik, Peibillis, or 
 Peddert, to be ressavitt within this towne be any per- 
 soune." Burgh Recs. Glasgow, i. 227, Rec, Soc. 
 
 Peddert is here a mistake for Jeddert, an old name 
 for Jedburgh. 
 
 When the magistrates, or indeed any person, wished 
 
 to send a public notice through the town, the drum or 
 
 the bell was sent, i.e. , the town-drummer with his drum, 
 
 or the bellman with his bell. In the smaller towns ail 
 
 (Sup.) F 2 
 
 notices were proclaimed by the town-officer, who was 
 bellman as well ; and when the notice was to be given 
 by took o' drum, the town-drummer accompanied him. 
 In some places, however, the town-officer had charge 
 of both drum and bell. 
 
 O. Fr. tabourin, "a little Drumme ; also the 
 Drumme, or Drummer of a companie of footmen ; " 
 Cotgr. From O. Fr. labour, a drum. 
 
 Tabuirie, however, may be a colloquial form of 
 laborer, a drummer, O. Fr. taboureur. 
 
 TAED, s. A toad. V. Taid. 
 
 Taed-Spue, Taed-Red, s. The seed or 
 spawn of toads, found in stagnant water in 
 clots or masses like bunches of grapes. 
 
 TAET, Teat, s. A small quantity, a tuft : 
 syn. pickle, wee pickle. V. Tait, Tate. 
 
 An' tent them duly e'en and morn, 
 Wi' taels o' hay, an' ripps o' corn. 
 
 Bums, Death of Poor Mailie. 
 
 TAIGSUM, TiQSUM, adj. Hindersome, very 
 tedious, wearisome : short for taiglesum : 
 tigsum, Gloss. Orcadian Sketch Book. 
 
 TAINGS, Tayngs, s. Tongs, smith's tongs 
 or pincers. V. Tangs. 
 
 "Forceps, tayngs" ; Duncan's App. Etym., 1595, ed. 
 Small, E. D. S. 
 
 To TAIS, V. a. To stretch, extend, direct ; 
 hence, to bend a bow or set a cross-bow, 
 or generally to make a weapon ready for 
 
TAI 
 
 [234] 
 
 TAP 
 
 use or to make ready to use it, to take 
 aim. Addit. to Tais, q. v. 
 
 Improperly defined in DicT., and only a secondary 
 meaning is given. The primary meaning is to stretch, 
 extend, from which poise, adjust, and other terms im- 
 plying "to take aim," are obtained. Tais is not of 
 Goth, origin, as Jamieson suggested, but from 0. Fr. 
 teser, toiser, to stretch, from Lat. tensiis : see Burguy. 
 In the first passage quoted in DiCT., tais means " did 
 aim ; in the second, taisyt implies fitted and drew, i.e., 
 prepared to shoot ; and in the third, fast is a misprint 
 for taisit, in Rudd., in Elph. MS. taysit, meaning held 
 on the stretch, poised, i.e., aimed. 
 
 To TAISE, Tayse, v. a. To tease, toss or 
 tumble about, vex, plague, harass ; E. tease. 
 V. Taissle. 
 
 A.-S. tcesan, to pluck, pull ; Dan. toese. The M. Eng. 
 form was sometimes taisen, but more commonly tosen. 
 See Touse in Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 To TAIST, v. a. V. DiCT. 
 
 The etym. given in DiCT. is a mistake. It is well 
 known that the Teut. forms referred to by Jamieson 
 are borrowed from the Eomance. Hence the words 
 are not " of Gothic origin," but of Latin origin. Taist 
 is simply M. E. tasten, to test, from O. Fr. taster, to 
 handle, test, taste, which, according to Diez and Bur- 
 guy, answers to a L. Lat. taxitare, an iterative form of 
 Lat. tangere, derived from p. p. tactus. 
 
 To TAK, V. a. and n. 1. To take, bite, or 
 rise at the bait readily ; " The trout '11 no 
 tak ava the day." 
 
 2. To be attractive, to command respect or 
 regard, as, " She's a braw lass an' taks weel ; " 
 to command a good price or ready market, 
 as, "ne'er saw cowts tak better," i.e., sell 
 better, or more readily. Addit. to To Tak, 
 q.v. 
 
 Tak, Takin, s. Capture, catch, or haul; as 
 of fish. Also in the sense of a marketing 
 or bargain-making ; as, " She made a guid 
 tak when she got the laird." Addit. to Tak, 
 q.v. 
 
 To Tak Aff, v. a. 1. To set out or depart 
 for ; as, " Noo, I maun tak aff hame ; " and 
 similarly Burns has — 
 
 Then homeward all take off their several way. 
 The youngling cottagers retire to rest. 
 
 Cotter's Saturday Night. 
 
 2. To turn off, stop ; as, " to tak aff the mill." 
 
 3. To quaff, drink all of ; as, " Tak aff your 
 dram ; " Burns, The Earnest Cry. Addit. 
 to Tak Aff, q. v. 
 
 Tak aff, s. A piece of mimicry, mockery, 
 or personal ridicule ; also, a mimic, punster, 
 practical joker. E. take-off. 
 
 Takin', Taken, s. A small quantity; "a 
 wee takin\" a very small quantity : West of 
 [ S., Orkn. 
 
 TAKEN, Takyn, s. A token, sign. V. 
 Takin. 
 
 Takenyng, Takynin, s. Token, indication, 
 evidence, assurance; Kingis Quair, st. 176, 
 ed. Skeat. Addit. to Takynnyng. q. v. 
 
 TALBART, Talbert, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Simply tabhart and tahhert. The apparent Ih of 
 MSS. is the usual way of writing contracted hb. This 
 style of contraction was adopted in writing doubles of 
 the long letters. For particulars see under Slalk, 
 
 TALBRONE, Talberone, s. V. Diot. 
 
 Should be printed tabbrone, tabberone. See under 
 Talbart. 
 
 TALPING, paj't. A form of taping, breaking 
 
 bulk, retailing. V. Tape. 
 
 " To pas to Dunbertane to arreist schippis for tal- 
 ping of greit salt." Burgh Recs. Glasgow, i. 450, Rec. 
 Soc. 
 
 TALPON, Talpoun, 5. V. Tapon. 
 
 TANE, pret. Took. Still used by the lower 
 
 classes. 
 
 '* Johne Cuthbertson vndertuik to learne John Jeme- 
 soun, his college [i.e. colleague], the tally eour craft, sua 
 lang as the counsell sail appoint, because thay oulie 
 taneiha,me tua to be drummeris, and na ma." Burgh 
 Recs. Glasgow, i. 360, Rec. Soc. 
 
 TANG, s. Taste, gout; syn. smak. V. TwANG. 
 
 TANG O' THE TRUMP, s. Lit. the 
 
 tongue of the Scottish trump or Jew's 
 harp ; but used fig. for the chief or most 
 important person in a company, the princi- 
 pal partner in a firm, the leader of a society 
 or in a public movement. 
 
 TANGIE, s. A young seal ; Orkn. Addit. 
 to Tangie, q. V. 
 
 To TANT, TANTER, v. v. To argue or 
 dispute in a captious, quarrelsome manner; 
 to rage; hence, tantrums, whims, fits of 
 passion, &c. 
 
 To TAPE, Tap, Tope, Top, v. a. To sell 
 goods in small quantities or by retail ; 
 Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, I. 36, 37 ; B. R. 
 Glasgow, I. 41, 46, 174. Addit. to Tape, 
 q.v. 
 
 Tap, s. Short for tapin, tappin, dealing out 
 in small quantities : hence, to sell by tap, to 
 sell by retail, as opposed to selling in great, 
 i.e. wholesale. 
 
 Improperly defined in Dict. ; but the correct meaning 
 is suggested in the note under the quotation. 
 
 Tappar, Toppar, s. Retailer, huckster ; 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, I. 39, 82. 
 
 TAPETE, Taphet, s. A mort-cloth, cover- 
 ing laid over the dead during the church- 
 
TAP 
 
 [235] 
 
 TAT 
 
 service; Invent. St. Salv. College, Mait. 
 Club Misc., III. 199. 
 
 L. Lat. tapetum, "pannus qui feretro insternitur ; " 
 Ducange. 
 
 TAPON, Tapone, Tappone, Talpon, Tal- 
 POUN, Taupon, Tawpon, s. 1. Bung, 
 stopper, plug, &c., of a barrel, also the bung- 
 hole; Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, 11. 112, 161. 
 V. Tapone-Staff. 
 
 2. The plug, knob, or measure-mark in the 
 mouth of a vessel used as a liquid-measure. 
 V. Pluke. 
 
 "Fra this day furth haif stowppis of mesour with 
 tawponis in the hals. " Ibid. 31 Jan., 1543-4. 
 O. Fr. tapon, "bung, stopple;" Cotgr. 
 
 TAPPE, s. V. Tap o' Lint. 
 
 TAPPIE, s. A stupid blockhead; Orkn. 
 Prob. a form of taupie, foolish, applied to 
 males as well as females. V. Taupie. 
 
 TAPPIE-TOORIE, adj. Tall and pointed, 
 
 lofty and feathery-tipped. V. Tappie- 
 
 TOURIE, s. 
 
 'Boon a' that's in thee, to evin me, sunny Spring — 
 Bricht cluds an' green buds, and sangs that the birdies sing — 
 riovv'r dappled hill-side, and dewy beech sae fresh at e'en— 
 Or the tappie-toorie fir-tree shinin a' in green— 
 
 IF. Miller, Spring, st. 4. 
 
 TARFF, adj. Harsh, acrid ; rough in man- 
 ner; Orcadian Sketch Book, p. 101. 
 
 TARLEATHER, Tarlether, Tarledder, 
 s. Lit. belly-leather, or belly-skin : a strip 
 of raw sheep-skin (cut from the belly of the 
 skin when it was newly flayed), salted and 
 dried. It was then like thairm or cat-gut 
 in consistency, and was cut up into thongs 
 for ties or mid-couples of flails. V. Mid- 
 
 CUPPIL. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson's definition and etymology of this term 
 are altogether wrong. A strip of bull-hide never could 
 be used as a tarledder for a flail ; being far too thick 
 and unyielding. However, the following extract puts 
 the question beyond dispute, and clearly shows what a 
 tarleather was. 
 
 ". . as it is menit to the prouest, baillies, and 
 counsall of this burgh . . . that the fleacheouris 
 of this burgh cuttis thair scheip skynnis hard by the 
 craig, at the leist in the mid craig, quhairthrow the 
 merchandis wantis samekill of the said skynne at the 
 craig with the best portioun of the woll thairof, quhilk 
 is the fynest woll of the skyn, callit the halslok, and 
 als the saidis flescheouris pullis the hail skin fra the 
 . hals doun to the taill throw all the wambe thairof, and 
 cuttis ane tarledder of the skyn thairwith, diminisching 
 thairby baith the skynnis and the woll in lenth and 
 breid, quhairby the saidis merchandis ar grytly dam- 
 nefeit and skaythit. . . For remeid quhairof the 
 saidis prouest, baillies, and counsall hes statut and 
 ordanit that all flescheouris fiay all thair scheipe in 
 tyme cuming up throw the haill craig to the luggis, 
 sua that the lug steik with the skin, and neuther pull 
 the woll of the halls, wambe, nor na vther pairt thair- 
 of, nor yit to diminische the samyn be cutting of ony 
 
 sic pairt as thai call the tarledder, vnder the pane of 
 confyscatioun of the skynnis," &c. Burgh Recs. 
 Edin., Dec. 1566, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Tarleather occurs frequently in our Burgh Records, 
 but generally in charges or complaints against fleshers. 
 Various definitions and explanations of the term have 
 been given ; but all of them'are more or less defective 
 or erroneous. 
 
 Tarletherit, Tarledderit, part. pt. 
 Having the tarleather cut off : applied to 
 sheepskins from which tarleathers have been 
 cut ; B. R. Edin., iv. 407, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Gael, iarr-leathar. belly-leather, belly-skin, from 
 Gael, tarr, belly, and leathar, leather : the latter term, 
 however, is borrowed from M. E. or A.-S. 
 
 To TARROW, v. 11. V. DiCT. 
 
 The etym. of this word is not A.-S. teorian, to fail, 
 as suggested, but A. -S. tirian, tirigan, tynoian, to vex, 
 irritate, provoke. A.-S. teorian gives E. tire, through 
 M. E. tirien ; while tirigan, tirian, gives tarry, through 
 M. E. tarien, to vex, provoke, tire, hence to hinder, 
 delay. See Wedgwood and Skeat, s. v. Tire, and 
 Skeat, s. v. Tarry. 
 
 TASEE, s. A fibula, clasp, button, or tache ; 
 
 Awnt. Arthure, st. 28. V. Tasses. 
 
 In Pinkerton's version this word was printed tasses, 
 and so it was entered in the DiCT. ; but it was impro- 
 perly defined. For explanation see under that heading. 
 
 TASSEL, s. Same as Tersel, q. v. 
 
 To TAT, Taut, Tawt, v. n. To mat, tangle, 
 or run into tates, locks, or tufts, as wool or 
 hair does : also used as a v. a., as, " Dinna 
 taut your hair sa." 
 
 Tat, Taut, Tawt, s. A tangle, matted tuft 
 
 or lock of wool or hair. 
 Tauty, Taavtie, Tautit, Tawtit, adj. 
 
 Tangled, matted, uncombed ; " tautit hair," 
 
 Whistle Binkie, IL 220. V. Tatty, 
 
 Tawtie. 
 
 TATHIS, s. pi. Tatters, fragments, shreds : 
 prob. a poetic form of tates, small portions. 
 V. Tate. 
 
 The trew helmys and traist in tathis thai ta. 
 
 Gol. and Oawane, st. 71. 
 
 TATTIE, Tatie, s. A potatoe. V. Tawtie. 
 
 Tatties and Dab. Potatoes and salt: one 
 
 of the simplest and cheapest of meals. 
 
 When the potatoes are laid on the table each person 
 takes a quantity of salt and lays it in a small heap be- 
 fore him. Then each potatoe, when pealed, he dabs 
 into this heap ; and it picks up sufficient salt to make 
 the food palatable. When the potatoes are eaten from 
 the pot, however, it is set on the floor, and the party 
 sit round it. Salt is placed on a stool within easy reach 
 of all, and each one helps himself from the supply by 
 dabbing his potatoe on it. The meal when so taken is 
 often called " dab at the stool," 
 
 Tatties and Point. A repast consisting of 
 potatoes and a sight of meat or fish ; sarcas- 
 tically said to be common in Ireland. 
 
TAU 
 
 [236] 
 
 TEN 
 
 For this repast a plentiful si;pply of potatoes is said 
 to be provided, with a small bit of meat or fish, which 
 is merely to be looked at. For the improvement of the 
 potatoes, however, each one before it is eaten is pointed 
 at the luxury, i.e., gets a look of it. Evidently this is 
 a joke. 
 
 TAUM, Tawm, s. a drowsy, sick, or fain- 
 ting turn. Addit. to Tawm, q. v. 
 
 To Taum, Tawm, v. n. To fall gently asleep, 
 
 to faint, become unconscious. V. Dualm. 
 
 Gael, tamh, rest, quiet ; and as a i;. to fall asleep, 
 give over. 
 
 TAUTIT, Tauty, adj. V. under Tat, Taut. 
 
 TAVER, V. and s. V. Taiver. 
 
 To TAWNE, V. a. To break down, reduce, 
 overcome, subdue ; Blame of Kirkburial, 
 ch. 15. Addit. to Taw, Tawen, q. v. 
 
 TAY, s. A tie, cover, wrapping : tay of the 
 
 harnes, the membrane enclosing the brain. 
 
 ' ' Meninx, the tay of the harnes ; " Duncan's App. 
 Etym., ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 O. Fr. taye, "afilme;" Cotgr. 
 
 To TEAL, Till, v. a. V. Dict. 
 
 The following account of these terms is simpler and 
 more direct : — 
 
 They represent M. E. tillen, to draw, draw out, 
 allure : from A.-S. tyllan, found only in the comp./oj-- 
 tyllan, to draw aside, lead astray. And this etym. is 
 confirmed by the form tulle, which Jamieson quotes 
 from Chaucer. It represents M. E. tullen, which is 
 simply another form of tillen. 
 
 TEAT, s. V. Tate, Taet. 
 
 To TED, Tead, Tedd, Tedde, v. a. To 
 spread out, arrange in order, smooth, tidy, 
 dress : as, " Ted vour hair, and tedd up the 
 house:" West of "S. 
 
 Ted, Tead, Tedd, Tedde, s. The act of 
 
 setting right, arranging, or putting in order ; 
 
 as, " Gie the room a ted up." 
 
 This term is prob. of Celtic origin. Cf. Welsh tedu, 
 to stretch out, and teddu, to spread out. 
 
 TEDDER-STAKE, s. The stake or pin to 
 which the tether of an animal at pasture is 
 fastened; also, the upright post in a stall to 
 which a cow is fastened. 
 
 To TEEM, r. a. and n. V. DiCT. 
 
 The etym. of this verb is simple yet interesting, and 
 may be stated thus ; — Icel. tcsma, to empty ; from 
 Icel. t&mr, empty (Scot, toom). 
 
 TEEN, s. 
 Tene. 
 
 Anger, vexation ; Burns. V. 
 
 To TEETH, Teethe, v. a. To fix teeth in 
 a spiked instrument, as a rake, a heckle, 
 &c. : part. pr. teething " teethin a heckle," 
 Burns. 
 
 TEEWIT, Teeweet, s. The lapwing : also 
 called peeioeet, and peasweep, which are 
 names of imitative origin. 
 
 TEIL-RIG, Teill-Ryge, s. The border- 
 ridge of land under cultivation, tillage- 
 bound. V. Teil, v. 
 
 " That na maner of takisman of the tounis land ryif 
 out ony landis within the fredome and saw cornis 
 thairon without thair teill I'yge of auld without license 
 of the prouest," etc. Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, i. 274, 
 Sp. C. 
 
 TEIR, Tere, Ter, Tor, Tore, adj. Tedious, 
 Tiresome, lingering, exhausting, racking; 
 Gol. and Gawane, st. 17, 70, 104; Awnt. 
 Arthure, st. 10. Addit. to Teir, q. v. 
 
 Allied to Icel. tor, difficult. The Icel. prefix tor- 
 answers to Goth, prefix tus-, and Greek prefix dus-. 
 
 Jamieson's etym. for this term is unsuitable and im- 
 possible. 
 
 To TELDE, V. a. V. Dict. 
 
 In the cross-reference of this entry, for "N. Tyld" 
 read "V. Tyld." 
 
 TELL. To hear tell, to learn by report or 
 hearsay; to be heard tell of, to be made 
 known or talked about. 
 
 Tell'd, Tell't, pret. and part. pt. Told, 
 warned, advised, reported. 
 
 To Tell on, off, or over, v. a. To count, 
 
 count over, enumerate, make up sets of a 
 
 certain number each. 
 
 " Becenseo, to tell on, to muster;" Duncan's App. 
 Etym., ed. SmaU, E.D.S. 
 
 TEMERAT, adj. Rash, inconsiderate, im- 
 prudent. Lat. temaratus. 
 
 Thocht wemen self be temerat, 
 Thay luve no man effeminat, 
 And haldis thame hot I wat not qubat. 
 That can nocht be ■without thame. 
 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 18, ed. 1882. 
 
 TEMPER, s. Contr. for Temper-pin, q. v. 
 
 TENDLE, Tennle, Tennel, s. Lit. fire- 
 wood ; dried twigs, furze, scrub, &c., 
 gathered for fuel. 
 A.-S. tendan, to kindle ; Dan. tcende, Sw. tanda. 
 
 Tendle-Knife, Tennle-Knife, Tendale- 
 Knyff, s. a knife for cutting firewood, a 
 hedge-bill, bill-hook. Addit. to Tendale- 
 Knyff, q. V. 
 
 TENE, adj. Causing pain or sorrow ; diffi- 
 cult of passage, perilous, fatiguing; ^^ tene 
 wais," perilous ways ; Gol. and Gawane, st. 
 3. Addit. to Tene, q. v. 
 
 TENE, s. Tithe : " tene corne," Burgh Recs. 
 Edinburgh, L 21, Rec. Soc. V. Teind. 
 
TEN 
 
 [237] 
 
 THE 
 
 TENT, Tenter, Tentour, adj. Tenth: 
 "te7itour ryk," tenth rig, Burgh Eecs. 
 Peebles, 27 May, 1470. 
 
 TENT, Teynt, s. a wine of a deep red 
 colour, from GaKcia or Malaga; Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, II. 176, Sp. C. ; Halybur- 
 ton's Ledger, p. 335. 
 Span, tinto, tinged, coloured : from Lat. tinctus. 
 
 TERE, adj. Tedious, lingering, weary, ex- 
 hausting, racking : " panis tere ontald," 
 countless weary sufferings ; Douglas, Virgil, 
 Prol. 358, 8, ed. Rudd. Addit. to Tere, 
 q. V. V. Teir. 
 
 This term was left undefined by Jamieson, but the 
 correct meaning is suggested in his note of explanation. 
 Allied to Icel. tor, difficult. 
 
 Tereful, Tyrefull, adj. Very tedious, 
 difficult, fatiguing ; Houlate, 1. 421, Asloan 
 MS. Addit. to Teirfull, q. v. 
 
 TERSEL, Tersil, Tirsel, Tircel, Tessil, 
 Tassel, s. The tercel or male falcon, espe- 
 cially the male of the common falcon, Falco 
 communis. The male goshawk also is fre- 
 quently called a tercel. Rates of Customs, 
 1612. 
 
 Latterly, in the language of falconry, all birds 
 trained for the chase were called tercels or falcons ac- 
 cording as they were male or female. And ac- 
 cording as the sport was called hawking or falconry, 
 the birds were indiscriminately named hawks or 
 falcons. 
 
 A tercel in its first year or first plumage is of a much 
 deeper colour thau the adult bird, and. hence is called, 
 a red-tercel or red-haivTc. 
 
 0. Fr. tiercelet, dimin. of tiers, third, so called be- 
 cause the third in each nest is said to be a male ; but 
 Cotgrave's explanation is — " Tiercelet: The Tassell, or 
 male of any kind of Hawke, so tearmed, because he is, 
 commonly, a third part lesse then the female. " 
 
 E. tarsel, tassell, tercel, tiercel. 
 
 TETH, s. V. DiCT. 
 
 The etym. suggested is unsuitable. Cf. Icel. teytha, 
 a vile, wicked, person, a term of abuse with which 
 Vigfusson connects Icel. ttiddi, similarly used. 
 
 TETHER-TOW, s. A hawser, cable; 
 Whistle-Binkie, I. 233. 
 
 To TETTER, v. a. To hinder, delay ; prob. 
 a local pron. of tether ; Orkn. V. Tedder, 
 
 V, 
 
 TEUGH, Tewgh, adj. 1. Tough, strong, 
 
 tenacious, cohesive; as, teugh glue, tewgh 
 
 clay. 
 
 " Tenax, olamm, tewnh :" Duncan's App, Etvm.. ed. 
 Small, E.D.S. 
 
 2. Difficult, laborious, troublesome ; as, a teugh 
 job. Addit. to Teuch, q. v. 
 
 Teughness, Tewghnes, s. Toughness,. 
 
 strength, tenacity, endurance, tediousness. 
 
 " Tenacitas, tewghnes, niggardnes;" Duncan's App. 
 Etym., ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 TEUK,pret. Took; Burns. 
 
 THACK-NAIL, Thack-Pin, s. A wooden 
 pin used in fastening thatch to the roof of 
 a house. 
 Common in the north of Eng. also. V. Brockett. 
 
 THACK-RAPE, Thak-Raip, s. A straw- 
 rope used in fixing the thatch on a stack of 
 hay or grain, or on the roof of a house. 
 
 THAIN, s. A vane. V. Thane. 
 
 THAK-STAYNE, s. V. Thack-Stone. 
 
 THAME, Thaim, s. V. Theme. 
 
 THAN. Prob. the ace. of A.-S. the. 
 
 The wynde and the wedyrs than welken in hydis. 
 
 Awnt. Arthure, st. 26. 
 For this form see March, A.-S. Gram., p. 69. 
 In hydis, which is the reading of Laing's version, is 
 certainly a mistake for un-hydis, i.e., clears. The 
 Douce MS. has " the ivelkyn vnhides." 
 
 THARF, Thairf, adj. Cold, stiff, unsocial ; 
 backward, reluctant ; South and West of S. 
 
 Common in the North of Eng. also ; see Brockett, 
 Atkinson. 
 
 Prob. from A.-S. tharf, pres. sing, of thurfan, to 
 need, an anomalous verb. Brookett, however, suggests 
 A.-S. thrdfian, to urge, compel, which can hardly be 
 right ; and Atkinson, O. Norse thorf, need, necessity. 
 
 Tharfish, adj. Of a shy, timorous, shrink- 
 ing nature. 
 
 THARTH, V. A form of thart, it needs or 
 behoves ; me tharth, it behoves me, I must ; 
 Rauf Coilyear, 1. 536. V. [Thar]. 
 
 The change of t into th at the end of a word is 
 still common ; similarly we find thurth for thurt, Bar- 
 bour vi. 121, Edin. MS,; and scarth for scart, a cor- 
 morant, is common in the West of S. 
 
 THAVIL, Thaivil, s. 
 Theevil,. 
 
 A pot-stick. V. 
 
 THAYS, V. They are. V. They's. 
 
 THE, pron. Thee; Kingis Quair, st. 15, 
 129 ; to thee. Ibid., st. 106, ed. Skeat. 
 
 In the following passage of the Kingis Quair, the 
 occurs both as an ace. and as a dat. 
 
 And therefor humily 
 Abyde, and serue, and lat gude hope the gye : 
 Bot, for I haue thy forehede here present, 
 I will the schewe the more of myn entent. 
 
 St. 106. 
 
 THEAM, Theem, s. V. Theme. 
 
 THEEFS, Theifs, s. pi. Thieves; used 
 also as an adj., as in theifs-hole, the lowest 
 or innermost cell of a prison ; Burgh Recs. 
 Edinburgh, 7 Sept., 1565. 
 
THE 
 
 [238] 
 
 THI 
 
 Theft-Boot, s. V. Thiftbute. 
 
 This form was used by Sir W. Scott in his Rob Roy, 
 ch. 23. 
 
 Thevis-Nek, Theuis-Nek, s. One fit for or 
 doomed to the gallows ; synon. loiddie-neh, 
 used by Henryson. Addit. to defin. in 
 DiOT. 
 
 The Tuchet and the gukkit Golk 
 
 Ruschit baith to the bard aud ruggit his hair, 
 Callit him thrys thevisnek to thrawe in a widdy. 
 
 Boulate, 1. 822, Asloan MS. 
 Jamieson must have misunderstood this passage 
 when he set it as an illustration to the secondary 
 meaning of thevisnek given in the DicT. 
 
 THEIPTREE, s. A pron. of Threeptree, 
 q.v. 
 
 THERE, adv. Where ; there as, where that. 
 
 Bot, for tie way is vncouth vnto the, 
 
 There as hir duelling is and liir soiume. 
 I will that gude hope seruand to the be. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 113, ed. Skeat. 
 
 THEY'S, Theys, Thais, Thays, v. n. Lit. 
 they are ; but also used for they shall, as in 
 theys be, they shall be. When this latter 
 meaning is implied, s or 's represents sal, 
 and should be written s\ 
 
 I mak ane vow to Sanct Mavane, 
 Quhen I them finde thays bear thair paiks : 
 I se thay half playit me the glaiks. 
 
 Lyndsay, The Thrie Estaitis, 1. 1877. 
 
 These are varieties of the old North Anglian form of 
 the verb to he, which is not yet entirely disused. Re- 
 garding the second meaning, see under ^S, 'Se, 
 
 THIEF'S HOLE, s. V. under Thee/s. 
 
 THIFT, s. Theft, thievery ; commoun thift, 
 common theft, also, common thief, as in 
 Lyndsay, Thrie Estaitis, 1. 3211. 
 
 THIGGAN, part.pr. Begging. V. Thig. 
 
 An' if the wives an' dirty brats 
 Come thiggan at your doors an' yetts, 
 Flaflfan wi duds, . . . 
 
 Bums, Address of Beelzebub. 
 
 To THIK, V. a. To thatch. V. Theik. 
 
 THIKFALD, adj. and adv. Manifold, num- 
 berless ; in close succession, thick and fast. 
 
 ye my feris and my frendis bald, 
 Throu mony hard perrellis and thik/ald, 
 Throw sa feill stormis bayth on land and se, 
 Hiddir now careit to this cost with me. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, xiii., ch. 2, Small. 
 A.-S. thicce-feald, manifold. 
 
 THILKE, pron. That, such, the same, that 
 same. 
 
 Quhen flouris springis and freschest bene of hewe, 
 And that the birdis on the twistis sing. 
 At thilke tyme ay gynnen folk renewe 
 That seruis vnto loue, as ay is dewe. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 119, ed. Skeat. 
 A.-S. thylc, the like, such, that; from thy, the, and 
 He, like. 
 
 THIMBLE, Thumble, s. The game of 
 thimbles, thimbles and pea, thimble-rigging ; 
 *' a sharper at the thimble" i.e., a thimble- 
 rigger. 
 
 Thimbler, Thumbler, s. a thimble-rigger. 
 
 Mony big loons hae hechted to wyle her awa, 
 Baith thuniblers, and tumblers, and tinklers, an' a'; 
 But she jeers them, an' tells them, her Willie tho' sma', 
 Has mair in his bulk than the best o' them a'. 
 
 J. Ballantine, Willie an' Maggy, st. 5. 
 
 Thimblin', Thumblin', part. adj. Thimble- 
 rigging, cheating by means of the thimbles 
 and pea ; sometimes used as a general term 
 for gambling. 
 
 Ilk thimblin', thievin,' gamblin' diddler — 
 Chase thee like fire. 
 J. Ballantine, The Wee Raggit Laddie, st. 9. 
 
 THINARE, s. V. Dict. 
 
 This entry must be deleted, for there is no such 
 word. The term is a misprint for thin are, thy favour ; 
 and is short for " I supplicate thy favour." Of this I 
 was not aware when I suggested the meaning given in 
 the Dict. For further explanation see under Are, s., 
 in the Addenda. 
 
 To THING, V. a. To stand up for, plead for, 
 support, back. 
 
 With leif of ladeis thocht ye thing thame, 
 
 Ressoun ; 
 Bot eftirwart and ye maling thame, 
 
 Tressoun. 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 42, ed. 1882. 
 
 A.-S. thingian, to intercede for. 
 
 To THINK on. 1. To meditate, ponder, con- 
 sider, plan. 
 
 When I think on this warld's pelf, 
 
 Aud the little wee share I hae o't to myself. 
 
 And how the lass that wants it is by the lads forgot, 
 
 May the shame fa' the gear and the blethrie o't. 
 
 Song, Shame fa' the gear, st. 1. 
 John, 
 Wha ne'er the less was thinkin on 
 
 A trap he had prepared 
 
 Upon the road — and how to get 
 
 Advantage o' the laird. 
 
 The Milium of Potatoes. 
 
 2. To remember, bear in mind, take heed of. 
 
 I sit on my creepie and spin at my wheel. 
 And think on the laddie that lo'ed me sae weel ; 
 He had but ae saxpence- he brak it in twa, 
 An' he gied me the hauf o't when he gaed awa. 
 
 Song, Logic o' Buchan, st. 4. 
 While we sit bousing at the nappy, 
 An' getting fou and unco happy. 
 We think na 07i the lang Scots miles. 
 The mosses, waters, slaps, and stiles, 
 That lie between us and our harae. 
 
 Bums, Tarn o' Shunter. 
 
 3. To recollect, recall to mind, muse over. 
 " It's weel laid by ; but I canna think on 
 where I put it." 
 
 In this sense the expression is very common in 
 Shropshire also. 
 
 4. To give heed to, consent to, comply with ; 
 " Sic a plan as that I wad never think on.'' 
 
THI 
 
 [239] 
 
 THR 
 
 THIR, pron. pi V. DiOT. 
 
 In 1. 2 of quotation, for Wane read Wane, 
 
 THIRD, s. A term in golfing ; a handicap 
 of a stroke deducted every third hole ; see 
 Golfer's Handbook. 
 
 THO, pron. Those; Lyndsay, Exper. and 
 
 Court, 1. 224. Kingis Quair, st. 39, 88, 
 
 Awnt. Arthure, st. 20. 
 
 This term was improperly rendered these by Jamie- 
 son : see DiCT. 
 
 THOCHT, pret. and part. pt. Thought, 
 imagined, expected. 
 
 Thocht, s. Thought, imagination, opinion, 
 expectation : absent thochts, opinions regar- 
 ding a person who is not present, unbiased 
 opinions regarding an absent friend or 
 acquaintance. 
 
 The Ladies arm in arm in clusters, 
 As great an' gracious a' as sisters ; 
 But hear their absent thochts o' ither. 
 They're a run deils an' jads thegither. 
 
 Burns, The Twa Dogs. 
 
 THOFT, Thoftin. V. under Toft. 
 
 THOLE, s. Y. Thoill. 
 
 THONDER, adv. Yonder. V. Thon. 
 
 THOOM, s. Thumb. V. Thoum. 
 
 THORN, Thorn'd, part. adj. Filled, sup- 
 plied, provided, satisfied : applied to bodily 
 wants. 
 
 Ye'll eat and drink my merry men a', 
 
 An' see ye be weell thoi'u ; 
 For blaw it weet or blaw it wind. 
 My guid ship sails the morn. 
 ^ Sir Patrick Spens, st. 6, Buchan's vers. 
 
 When they had eaten and well drunken 
 
 And a' had thorn'd fine ; 
 The bride's father he took the cup, 
 For to serve out the wine. 
 
 Sweet Willie and Fair Maisry, st. 24. 
 Perhaps allied to A.-S. thearfan, theorfan, thurfan, 
 to need, avail, profit, an anomalous verb. See Note 
 under Tharf in Cleveland Glossary. 
 
 THORTERSOME, adj. Lying or stretching 
 in all directions ; troublesome, perplexing ; 
 Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 17. V. Thor- 
 
 TER. 
 
 THOU'S. Contr. for thou art, thou hast, or 
 thou shalt or wilt. V. under 'aS, ^Se. 
 
 THRALY, adv. Eagerly, fiercely ; Houlate, 
 1. 489. V. Thra, adv. 
 
 THRAMMEL, s. V. Dict. 
 
 That this term is of Gothic origin is very unlikely. 
 Both the form and the meaning of the word suggest 
 that it is simply E. trammel : M. E. tramaile, which, 
 if not from O. Fr. tramail, has with it come from L. 
 Lat. tramacula, a fishing-net, which later became tra- 
 mallum, and tramela. See Ducange, Skeat, and 
 "Wedgwood. 
 
 THRAPLE-PLOUGH, Thr apple- 
 Plough, s. The old wooden plough with 
 one stilt. 
 
 " The old Thraple plough is now seldom to be seen, 
 except in the remote Highlands, or in the Orkneys. It 
 was also called the Rotheram plough, and was entirely 
 composed of wood, with the exception of the culter 
 and sock, and had but one stilt. It was drawn by four 
 garrons or oxen yoked abreast to a cross-bar, which 
 was fastened to the beam by thongs of raw hide or 
 ropes of hair ; and he who managed the stilt held it 
 close and firm to his right thigh, to protect which he 
 had the skin of a sheep or other animal wrapt around it. 
 To keep the plough suflSciently deep in the earth a per- 
 son was required to press it down, while another per- 
 formed the office of driver by placing himself between 
 the two central animals, where he walked backwards, 
 protecting himself from falling by placing both arms 
 over their necks. The mould-board was ribbed or fur- 
 rowed, in order to break the land ; and old people de- 
 clare that the soil yielded better crops after being 
 ploughed in this manner than it does by the modern 
 practice. The supposition is, that by the old method 
 the soil was more equally broken up." The Scottish 
 Gael, ii. 95-6, ed. 1876. 
 
 To this old thraple plough, with its traces of raw -hide 
 or rope, reference is made by the auld farmer in his 
 New Year greeting to his auld m.are Maggie, when he 
 says: 
 
 Thou was a noble fittie-lan' 
 
 As e'er in tug or tow was drawn ! 
 
 Aft thee an' I, in aught hours gaun. 
 On guid March -weather, 
 
 Hae turned sax rood beside our hiu'. 
 For days thegither. 
 
 Burns. 
 This plough was still in common use in Carrick and 
 Galloway in Burns' younger days, and it was not gener- 
 ally abandoned in the lower districts till the beginning 
 of the present century. See Old Stat. Aoct. Scotland, 
 Robertson's Agricultural Recollections, Ure's Agric. of 
 Dumbarton. 
 
 To THR AW, Thra, v. a. and n. 1. To rush, 
 press, drive, force. 
 
 Off Edinburgh the boyis as beis owt thrawis. 
 
 And cryis owt ay, " Heir cumis our awin queir Clerk ! " 
 Then fleis thow lyk ane howlat chest with crawls. 
 
 Dunbar and Kennedy, 1. 217. 
 
 2. To contradict, thwart ; hence, to provoke, 
 enrage, torment ; " I'll thraw him at every 
 turn." Addit. to Thraw, q. v. 
 
 Thraw, s. Rush, press, crowd; opposition, 
 struggle, contest ; spite, rage, trouble. 
 Addit. to Thraw, s., q. v. 
 
 Thraly, adv. Eagerly, fiercely. V. Thra, 
 adv. 
 
 To THREAP, Threip, v. a. To assert, 
 aver ; pret. threp, threipit. V. Threpe. 
 
 Threap, Threep, Threip, s. V. Threpe. 
 
 THREE, Thrafe, s. A threave; B. R. 
 Prestwick, 23 Oct., 1550. V. Thraif. 
 
 To THRESH, v. a. To thrash grain, to use 
 the flail ; to thresh the ham, to do a man's 
 work with the flail. 
 
THE, 
 
 [240] 
 
 THY 
 
 This foitn of the word is common in the Bible ; and 
 it was used by Milton, see L' Allegro, 1. 108, Paradise 
 Lost, iv. 984 ; thrash is comparatively modern. M. E. 
 ihreshen, from A.-S. therscan, to thrash. 
 
 THRICH, V. and s. Thrust. V. Thrist. 
 
 THRINE, Trine, Trexe, Tryne, adv. 
 Thrice. 
 
 Thrinefald, Thrimtald, Trinefald, 
 
 Trenefald, Trynfald, adj. Threefold, 
 
 triple ; " a thrinfald hawbrik," Douglas, 
 
 Virgil, iii. 6. 
 
 Gloir to the Fader he aboif, 
 Gloir to the Sone for our behoif, 
 Gloir to the Haly Spreit of loif, 
 
 In trenefald vnitie. 
 
 Alex. ScoWs Poems, p. 6, ed. 1882. 
 
 THRIVAND, Thriuand, adj. Hearty, 
 successful, prosperous ; Gol. and Gaw., st. 
 27. 
 
 Thrivandlt, Thriuandly, adv. Success- 
 fully, prosperously; Gol. and Gaw., st. 34. 
 
 Thriven,- Thryuen, part. pt. Prospered; 
 
 also used as an adj. meaning good-looking, 
 
 well-favoured. 
 
 Icel. thrifa, to clutch, grasp, seize ; Dan. trives, 
 Swed. trifvas, to thrive. 
 
 THROAT-BOLE, Throate-Bowle, s. The 
 
 throat-ball, ball of the throat. 
 
 "■ Frumen, the throate-botcle;" Duncan's App. Etym., 
 1595, ed. Small, E. D. S. 
 
 THROCHT, s. A trough, vat. V. Troch. 
 
 To THROU, V. n. To go through, pass, make 
 or find a passage ; Kingis Quair, st. 63, ed. 
 Skeat. Addit. to Through. 
 
 To Throu, Throo, v. a. V. Through, v. 
 
 ThrougatEj Throughgate, Throgat, s. 
 A lane or passage from one street to another ; 
 an entry, close, or common passage from a 
 street to a back-land, a field, or a garden ; 
 Burgh Recs. Peebles, p. 117, Rec. Soc. V. 
 Throughgang. 
 
 Through - Lock, Throu-Lok, Throcht- 
 LoK, 8. A lock which has the key-hole 
 passing right through ; with such a lock the 
 door may be fastened from the inside as 
 well as the outside ; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 
 i. 237, Sp. C. 
 
 THROUTHER, adj. V. Through-Ither. 
 
 To THROW, Throwe, v. a. To drive, pro- 
 pel. Addit. to Throw, q. v. 
 
 Helples allone, the wynter nyght I wake 
 To wayte the wynd that furthward suld me throwe. 
 Kingis Qiiair, st. 17, ed. Skeat. 
 
 THRUM, s. The extremity of the warp of 
 a web from six to nine inches long which 
 cannot be woven ; it has the appearance of a 
 tufted border. PI. thrums, short threads 
 which are kept by a weaver for mending his 
 web ; hence, fragments, snatches, as applied 
 to snatches of songs, the purring of a cat ; 
 gj'ey thrums, ravelled snatches. 
 
 Hey, Willie Winkie, are ye coming ben ? 
 The cat's singing grey thrums to the sleeping hen, 
 The dog's spelder'd on the floor, and disna gie a cheep. 
 But here's a waukrife laddie, that winna fa' asleep. 
 W. Miller, Willie Winkie, st. 2. 
 
 To Thrum, v. a. To raise a tufted pile on 
 knitted or woven woollen stuffs, to cover 
 woollen cloth with small tufts like thrums ; 
 part. pt. thrurridj thrummed, thrummit. 
 
 Thrummed, Thrummit, Thrumit, part. adj. 
 
 Lit. covered with small tufts or thrums : 
 
 applied to knitted or woven woollen stuffs 
 
 which have been dressed with a rough, 
 
 shaggy, or tufted surface ; a thrum'd cap, a 
 
 knitted cap with tufted pile ; " ane thrumit 
 
 hat," a 'hat made of very coarse woollen 
 
 cloth, Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 237, Sp. c. 
 
 "A thrummed hat was one made of very coarse 
 woollen cloth ; Minsheu." HaUiwell. 
 
 Thrummy, s. a very coarse woollen cloth 
 with a rough tufted surface; a tlirummy 
 cap, one made of thrummy. 
 
 A person who wore such a cap was called thrummy- 
 cap, as in the tale of Thrummy Cap and the Ghaist. 
 In the opening of that story the hero is thus portrayed : 
 He was a sturdy bardoch chiel. 
 An' frae the weather happit ^eeL 
 Wi' a mill'd plaiden jockey coat. 
 And eke he on his head had got 
 A thrummy-cap, haith large and stoot, 
 Wi' flaps ahint (as well's a snout), 
 Whilk button'd close aneath the chin, 
 To keep the cauld frae cummin in. 
 Upon his legs he had gammashes. 
 Which sogers ca' their spatterdashes ; 
 An' on his ban's, instead o' glo'es, 
 Lai^e doddy mittens, whilk he'd roose 
 For warmness ; an' an aiken stick. 
 Nay very laug but gay an' thick, 
 Jntil his neive, he drove awa'. 
 An' car'd for neither frost nor sna'. 
 
 THRUST, s. Thirst. V. Thrist. 
 
 THRYS, Thryst, Thryset, adv. Thrice. 
 
 THUMART, Thumar, Thummart, s. Pron. 
 of fowmarte, a polecat : thummart, Burns, 
 The Twa Herds, st. 6. V. Thulmard. 
 
 THUMBLER, s. A thimble-rigger. V. 
 Thimbler. 
 
 THURL, V. and s. V. Thirl. 
 
 THYKIT, pret. and part. pt. Thatched. V. 
 Theek. 
 
TIB 
 
 [241] 
 
 TIR 
 
 TIBETLESS, adj. Benumbed, powerless, 
 
 useless, as applied to fingers, hands, or feet 
 
 benumbed with cold. It is also applied to 
 
 the mind, and as expressive of what one's 
 
 character or conduct indicates regarding it : 
 
 hence, senseless, stupid, heedless, foolish, 
 
 incapable of understanding and acting 
 
 aright. Addit. to Tabetless, q. v. 
 
 This form represents a very common pron. in the 
 West of S., where the word is still used in the various 
 senses indicated. The term is very fairly discussed in 
 Cuthbertson's Glossary to Burns, p. 390. 
 
 To TICE, TiSE, V. a. To entice, allure, in- 
 duce : short for entice. 
 
 O. Fr. entlcer, eiiticher. to excite, entice ; M. E. e»- 
 ticen. " Tycyn or intycyn. Instigo, alliclo." Prompt. 
 Parv. 
 
 TIFTING, TiFTiN, 5. Scolding; a scolding 
 given or received. V. Tift. 
 
 To TIKLE, v. a. To stir or move gently ; to 
 excite, quicken ; part. pr. tiklyng, used also 
 as a s., meaning gentle stirring, quickening. 
 Addit. to Tickle, q. v. 
 
 In describing the genial influence of the sun in 
 spring, the poet says — 
 
 And with the tiklyiig of his hete and light, 
 The tender flouris opnyt thame and sprad, 
 And, in thaire nature, thankit him for glad. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 21, ed. Skeat. 
 
 TILLER, V. and s. V. DiCT. 
 
 The etym. given for this term is confusing. Indeed, 
 only the last paragraph is applicable to tiller. As the 
 root is A.-S. telgor, a shoot, twig, the word cannot be 
 allied to Fr. taller, which has come from Lat. thallus ; 
 nor is it allied to Icel. tylle, nor to Icel. tilldra, either 
 in meaning or in origin. 
 
 This is one of many instances in which Jamieson 
 offers etymologies which are totally inconsistent with 
 each other. 
 
 To TILLY, Tillie, Tile, v. a. To till or 
 dig the ground ; part. pr. tillyin, tileing. V. 
 Tele. 
 
 "... the sowme of 40 s. for land tileing." 
 Corshill Baron Court Book, p. 73. 
 
 To TIMBER, Tymber, Tymbire, v. a. Lit. 
 to build, build up ; to work, cause, produce, 
 as in " Thay sail tymhire yow tene ; " Awnt. 
 Arthure, st. 22. 
 
 TIMERSOME, adj. Fearful, apprehensive, 
 easily frightened. Addit. to Timoursum, 
 q.v. 
 
 TIMMER-HEELS, s. pi. Wooden-heels for 
 ladies' winter-shoes ; shoes so fitted were 
 called timmer-heels, and timmer-heeVt shoon ; 
 see Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 250, Rec. Soc. 
 
 TINKLER, s. A tinker; a tinkler-gipsy, a 
 wandering or vagabond tinker ; Burns, The 
 Twa Dogs. 
 (Sup.) G 2 
 
 " Faber aerarius, a tinkler ; " Duncan's App. Etym., 
 1595, ed. Small, E. D. S. 
 
 This term is prob. of imitative origin, from M. E. 
 tinken, to tinkle, ring ; cf. Du. tinge-tangen, to tinkle, 
 Lat. tinnire, to tinkle, ring. V. Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 TINNY, TiNNiE, s. A small tin jug. 
 
 TINO, s. A skewer or spit for fish when 
 drying ; Orkn. E. tine. 
 
 To TiNO, V. a. To spit fish, to fix them on 
 tinos. 
 
 A.-S. tind, a tootL of a rake; Icel. ti7idr, Swed. 
 tinne. 
 
 TINT, s. Proof, evidence, indication ; fore- 
 cast, foretaste ; " The beast's awa, and ye'll 
 ne'er get tiyit or wittins o't," i.e., evidence or 
 information regarding it. V. under Taint. 
 
 But mind ye this, the half-ta'en kiss, 
 
 The first fond fa'in' tear. 
 Is, heaven kens, fu' sweet amens, 
 An' tints o' heaven here. 
 
 William Thom, Whistle Binkie, ii. 43. 
 Tint is the vulgar pron. of taint, short for attaint ; 
 but it has a much wider range of meaning than that 
 which Jamieson assigned to it ; see Taint in Dict. 
 
 TIPPENCE, s. Two-pence. 
 
 When by the plate we set our nose, 
 
 Weel heaped up wi' ha'pence, 
 A greedy glowr Black Bonnet throws, 
 And we maun drawn our tippence. 
 
 Burns, Holy Fair, st. 8. 
 "Black Bonnet," the elder in charge of the plate for 
 receiving the collection for the poor ; not, as an Eng- 
 lish editor has explained it, " the Elder who holds the 
 alms-dish." 
 
 In Bums' day, and for long after, " the plate," (also 
 called " <Ae brod," 'Hhe kirk brod," or " tJie puir's 
 brod ") was placed on a stool outside and in front of the 
 church door, and the elder in charge of it stood inside 
 a stance like a sentry-box close by. 
 
 TiPPENNY, s. Two-penny ale, ale at two- 
 pence a Scotch pint. V. Twopenny. 
 
 That tippenny was a comparatively weak ale is put 
 beyond doubt by the following particulars. The im- 
 perial gallon contains 277 "274 cub. ins., and the Scotch 
 pint, or "Stirling Jug," contained 104-2034 cub. ins., 
 or nearly three-eighths of an imp. gall. ; consequently 
 such ale cost about 5id. per gall. And yet, according 
 to the comparative estimate of Burns, it must have 
 possessed very considerable inspiring power — 
 
 Inspiring bold John Barleycorn ! 
 
 What dangers thou canst make us scorn ! 
 
 Wi' tippenny, we fear na evil ; 
 
 Wi' usquebae, we'll face the D — — 1. 
 
 Tam o' Shanter. 
 
 TIRE, Tyre, s. A snood or narrow band for 
 the hair, worn by females ; an ornamental 
 edging used by cabinet-makers and uphol- 
 sterers ; the metal edging of coffins, which 
 is also called co^n-tire. 
 
 O. Fr. tire, a row, file. But for second and third 
 meanings the origin is prob. M. E. tir, tyr, short for 
 atir, atyr, attire, ornament. 
 
 TIRLESS, TiRLEis, Terleis, s. A screen, 
 an enclosure, a space enclosed by a screen, 
 
TIR 
 
 [242] 
 
 TON 
 
 railing, or partition. Addit. to Tirless, 
 q.v. 
 
 " Item, coft vij jestis to be ane terleis to the deid 
 banes at the south kirk-dur. " Burgh Eecs. Edinburgh, 
 ii. 364, Rec. See. 
 
 "Item, to Hennislie to cast the deid banes in the 
 west tu-leis, iij s." Ibid. 
 
 TIRSO, s. Ragwort, groundsel (Senecio, 
 Linn.) ; Orkn. 
 
 TISSUE, TissEW, s. A thin muslin-stuff; 
 
 also, a skirt or under-garment made of it; 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 49, ed. Skeat. 
 
 0. Fr. tissu, woven ; and applied to thin woven stuffs 
 of wool, silk, &c. : from 0. Fr. tistre, to weave, Mod. 
 Fr. tisser. 
 
 To TO, V. a. To take, receive, uplift : part, 
 pt. toHj taken ; Sir Tristrem, 1. 1484. V. 
 Ta. 
 
 The truage was com to to 
 Moraunt, the noble knicht, 
 
 Ibid.,].M7,B.T:.S. 
 
 TO, Ta, prep. 1. For; "preparation to the 
 graue," Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. vii. ; see 
 also ch. xix. 
 
 2. In ; " made to the imitation of," i.e., in imi- 
 tation of, or after the example of ; " set up 
 to the mockage of," i.e., in mockery of ; 
 Ibid., ch. X. 
 
 3. Till, until ; " our bodies are lade a-part to 
 the resurrection ; Ibid. ch. x. 
 
 TOCUM. A form of to cum with an adj. 
 meaning : to come, coming, future ; Kingis 
 Quair, st. 14. 
 
 TOFORE, TOFOIR, To-the-fore, adv. Be- 
 fore-hand, over and above, in hand, laid 
 past. Addit. to Tofore, q. v. 
 
 " , . hir and hir guidman suld newir haue frie geir 
 to-foir." Trials for Witchcraft, Spald. Mis. i. 95. 
 
 ToFOROWE, To-FOROWE, adv. Poet, form 
 of tofore, with the following meanings : — 
 
 1. Before, already. 
 
 The way we take, the tyme I tald to-forowe, 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 23, ed. Skeat. 
 
 2. Before this time, heretofore. 
 
 That gudeliare had noght bene sene toforowe. 
 
 Ibid. St. 49. 
 
 3. Formerly, in times past, previously. 
 
 And thy reqnest both now and eke toforowe. 
 
 Ibid. St. 105. 
 
 TOFT, Thoft, s. 1. a portion of land suf- 
 ficient for a house and garden, a feu or plot ; 
 also, a house witli garden or other ground 
 attached. 
 
 2. " Land once tilled but now abandoned ; " 
 
 Memorial for Orkney, p. 119. Addit. to 
 Toft, q. v. . 
 
 Icel. tomt, a clearing, a portion of land fit for cultiva- 
 tion. See also the notes under ToFi" in DiCT. 
 
 ToFTiN, Thoftin, Thoftyn, s. The house 
 
 built upon a toft of land ; the holding or 
 
 using of said house ; also, the right of so 
 
 doing. 
 
 ' ' Wilyam Mathy, son to Gylbert Mathy, is rentalit 
 in vj's. land in Sandy-Hyllis, be consent of Andro 
 Corsby, the said Andro broukand the thoftyn for his 
 tym, and Thomas Mathy the land : " i.e., the one was 
 to enjoy the house and the other the land, during the 
 life-time of Andro, the present holder. Diocesan Ee- 
 gistersof Glasgow, 1534, vol. i., p. 105, Grampian Club. 
 
 TOGS, s.pl. Tails of barley or black oats; 
 prob. the local pron. of tags, tails ; Orkn. 
 
 To TOIT, Tote, v. n. To saunter. V. 
 
 Toyte. 
 
 TOK, ToKE, Token, pret. Took; Sir Tris- 
 trem, 1. 223, 447, S.T.S. 
 
 TOKENING, s. Sign, signal, trumpet-call; 
 Sir Tristrem, 1. 506, 518, S.T.S. V. Tak- 
 
 YNNYNG. 
 
 TOLKE, s. A man, person. V. Tiilke. 
 
 TOLLAR, ToLLARE, s. A taker of toll or 
 custom, collector of petty customs in a 
 burgh; Burgh Records Aberdeen, I. 191, 
 Sp. C. 
 
 Ine til a town he come forby, 
 Quare in the tolbuth set Lewy, 
 That as a tollare thare was sate, 
 Unlesume wynnynge for to get. 
 And quha ine hopyue syne is taue 
 The ewangell callis publicane. 
 
 Barbour, Legends of the Saints. 
 
 To TOLTER, v. n. V. Dict. 
 
 Del. quotation and note under this entry in Dict. ; 
 the one is unsuitable, and the other is a mistake. The 
 toiler of that passage is as follows : — 
 
 ToLTER, adv. Unsteadily, with tottering 
 
 motion ; toolte7\ Orkn., q. v. 
 
 And they were ware that long[e] sat in place, 
 So toller quhiluni did sche It'to-wrye ; 
 There was bot clymbe[n] and ryght dounward hye, 
 And sum were eke that fallyng had [so] sore, 
 There for to clymbe thaire corage was no more. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 164, ed. Skeat. 
 
 This passage was not properly understood by Jamie- 
 son. He explained toller as a v. inf., and probably was 
 led into this error through mistaking to-wrye as {a 
 simple verb. 
 
 TOLYE, s. Strife, quarrel. V. Tulye. 
 
 TON, Tan, part. pt. Taken. V. To, Ta. 
 
 TONEGALL, s. A weight equal to 6 stones, 
 referring in the Exchequer Rolls to cheese 
 only. 
 
TOO 
 
 [243] 
 
 TOU 
 
 "Redditus casei etc. scilicet de Forfar xiiij'"' et viij 
 tonegall." Exch. Rolls Scot., i. 50. 
 
 ". . . tonegall valet rj ■petras." Ibid. 
 
 There is still considerable doubt regarding the 
 correctness of this term ; see under Oogall. 
 
 To TOOK, TouK, TowK, v. a, 1. To tug, 
 pluck, pull, tuck ; " Dinna took it sae, but 
 tak it up." Syn. to pook. 
 
 2. To strike, beat, blow, tuck ; as, " to took 
 the drum, to iowk a trump." E. tuck. 
 
 Touk was used also as short for touk the drum, as in 
 the following record : — 
 
 " Ordanis the drummers to touk through the toun 
 weik about, and he quha toiiks for the weik sail onlie 
 have power to touk to the haill lords and strangers sail 
 cum to the toune for that weik ; " etc. (i.e., he and he 
 only shall go with the drum during that week). Burgh 
 Recs. Glasgow, 12 Feb., 1642. 
 
 3. To nag, taunt, reproach ; as, " to touk or 
 reproach ane another," Riding of Pari., 
 Mait. Club. Misc., Ill, 103. 
 
 4. To tuck, fold ; put on, assume, express : 
 " Took up your tails ; " " Touk it a' roun." 
 " Towking outragious countenance;" Riding 
 of Pari., Mait. Club. Misc., III., 102. Add. 
 to Touk, q. v. 
 
 Took, Touk, Towk, s. 1. A tug, pluck, 
 pull : " He gied her sleeve a bit took^ 
 
 2. A tuck, stroke, blast : " Wi' took o' drum ; " 
 Scott, Rob Roy, ch. 19 ; and similarly touk 
 o' trump, is used. 
 
 3. Taunt, reproach, provocation; pi. touks, 
 towks, assumed airs, poutings, mocks; Rid- 
 ing of Pari., Mait. Club. Misc., III., 103. 
 
 4. A tuck or horizontal fold, as in a garment : 
 " Run a took a' roun." Addit. to Touk, 
 TowK, q. V. 
 
 TOOLTER, adj. Unstable, shaky, off the 
 perpendicular; Orcadian Sketch Book, p. 
 119. Used also as an adv. V. Tolter. 
 
 TOOMLY, TooMELY, adv. Idly, to no pur- 
 pose, vainly. V. TooM. 
 
 " Rather to teach as I can, what or what not the 
 Kirk should doe, nor toomely to talke what hes beene 
 done abroad by the world in this earand. " Blame of 
 Kirkburiall, ch. 5. 
 
 TOOT. To toot on anitJier horn, to change 
 the subject of discourse, the tone or manner 
 of speech, or the mode of action. 
 
 " Hoot, toot, toot ! " the birdie's saying, 
 " Wha can shear the rigg that's shorn* 
 Ye've sung brawlie simmer's ferlies, 
 Y\\ toot on anitlier horn." 
 
 Whistle Binkie, ii. 340. 
 
 TOOTHY, Teeth Y, adj. Having many or 
 large teeth; biting or given to biting; 
 
 crabbed, ill-natured, given to making biting 
 or sarcastic remarks. 
 
 TOOZLE, ToosLE, v. and .«. V. Tousle. 
 
 To TOP, V. a. A term in golfing: to hit the 
 ball above its centre ; see Golfer's Hand- 
 book. 
 
 TOPICKS, TooPiCKis, s. pi. Remedies, 
 
 local applications, as plasters, bandages, &c., 
 
 applied to injured or diseased parts of the 
 
 body ; Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, iv. 489, 
 
 Rec. Soc. 
 
 O. Fr. topiques, "remedies (as plaisters, &c.), 
 applyed vnto vnsound parts of the bodie ; " Cotgr. : from 
 Lat. topica, the title of a work by Aristotle. 
 
 TOPPIN, Tappin, adj. Same as Top, Tap, 
 q. V. 
 
 TOPTRIE, s. V. Tap-tree. 
 
 This form occurs in Burgh Recs. Glasgow, i, 129, 
 Rec, Soc. 
 
 TORE, Tor, adj. Forms of teir, tedious, 
 tiresome, exhausting. 
 
 TORFEIR, ToRFER, s. V. Dict. 
 
 The resemblance, here suggested, between torfeir 
 and Fr, torfaire is a mere fancy. Torfeir is derived 
 from Icel. tor-, prefix, and verb far a, to go : whereas 
 tor/aire=fort-/aire, is irom'La.t. tortus, twisted, crooked, 
 hence wrong, and facere, to make, do. The etymolo- 
 gies, therefore, are totally inconsistent. 
 
 TORRIS, s. pi. For the explanation of this 
 term given in DiCT. substitute the fol- 
 lowing : — 1. Towers, bastions. 
 
 Throu the schynyng of the son ane ciete thai see. 
 With torris and turatis teirful to tell, 
 Bigly batoUit about with wallis sa he. 
 
 Got. and Gaioane, st, 4. 
 
 2. High and steep rocks. 
 
 The king faris with his folk our firth is and fellis 
 Feill dais or he fand of flynd or of fyre, — 
 'Boi-torris and tene wais teirfull qnha tellis 
 Tuglit and travalit thus trew men can tyre. 
 
 Ibid., st. 3. 
 0. Fr. tur, tour, from Lat. turris, a tower : hence 
 applied to a castle, an isolated conical hill, or a steep 
 rock, which rises like a tower ; cf. Gael, tm'r, a conicjd 
 hill, tower, castle. It is a familiar term in the uplands 
 of Devon and Derby : e. g. , Yes Tor in Dartmoor, and 
 Matlock High Tor in Derby. 
 
 TOSH, adj. Intimate, familiar, kindly, affec- 
 tionate ; " They're unco tosh wi' ither ; " 
 West of S., Orkn. Addit. to TosCH, q. v. 
 
 To TOST, V. a. To toast. 
 
 ' ' Torreo, torrefacio ; to rost, to tost ; " Duncan's 
 App. Etym., 1595, ed. Small, E. D. S. 
 
 TO-STIFFILIT, part. pt. Stnggered, con- 
 founded. V. Stivel. 
 
 TOUCH, s. A small quantity, slight degree, 
 sensation : a tcee touch, a minute quantity, 
 very slight amount or degree. 
 
TOU 
 
 [244] 
 
 TRA 
 
 An' when they meet wi' sair disasters, 
 Like loss o' health, or want o' masters, 
 Ye maist wad think a toee touch langer. 
 An' they maun starve o' cauld and hunger. 
 
 B%(,ms, The Twa Dogs, 
 
 TOUCH, ToucHE, s. Short for touch-wood, 
 but applied to amadou and other materials 
 used as tinder : " as sharp as touch" as quick 
 as touch-wood, quick-tempered. 
 
 Touch-Box, Touche-Box, s. A tinder-box ; 
 Halyburton's Ledger, p. 291, 292. 
 
 To TOUSK, V. a. To indent, jag or joggle : 
 a term in masonry explanatory of the 
 method of joining one building to another. 
 
 " . . . that the said Cristan Ra and hir factor 
 sail tousk, bowale, and ragall the' gawill of the saidis 
 Cristan new hous to the gavill of the said Sir Ailexan- 
 der hous." Burgh Recs. Stirling, 12 April, 1525, 
 
 Gael, tosg, a tusk ; prob. borrowed from A. -S. tusc. 
 
 It may, however, be merely a variation of E. tusk. 
 
 To TOUT, V. a. and n. To blow, sound, or 
 give a blast upon a horn or trumpet ; to 
 sound, resound : " He touts his ain horn," 
 i.e., he praises himself, boasts or brags about 
 his own affairs. Addit. to Toot, q. v. 
 
 Tout, Touting, s. A blast, sound, call of a 
 horn, etc. ; a boast, brag, puff. Addit. to 
 Toot, q. v. 
 
 TOWARD, ToAVAKDS, prep. In the direc- 
 tion of ; also, regarding, concerning : " to- 
 ward hir goldin haire," Kingis Quair, st. 46, 
 ed. Skeat. 
 
 TOWBUYTH, ToBUiTH, s. Tolbooth, pri- 
 son. V. TOLBUTHE. 
 
 TO WEIR, adj. Wearing, for wearing, to be 
 
 worn ; Burgh Recs. Glasgow, I. 393, Rec. 
 
 Soc. 
 
 Shortly before the meeting of the General Assembly 
 in Glasgow in ] 638, the magistrates of that city re- 
 solved to do every thing in their power to secure the 
 comfort and convenience of that august body while it 
 remained in session ; and one of the many appoint- 
 ments then made was, " three persons ellectit and 
 nominat to keip the kirk dooris and the toweir gownis 
 [of the ministers, etc.] in a cumlie maner." 
 
 To TO -WRITHE, v. a. and n. To twist, 
 twist about, wrench, break off". 
 
 And tristrem duelled thare 
 
 To wite what men wald say ; 
 
 Coppe and claper he bare 
 
 As he a mesel ware ; — 
 
 So wo wasi ysonde, that may. 
 
 That alle sche wald to-writhe. 
 
 Sir Tristrem, 1. 3179, S.T.S. 
 A.-S. to-writhan, to writhe, distort. -(Elfric's Glos- 
 sary has "distorqueo, ic t6-wrilhe." See ui^der To- 
 Wrye. 
 
 TOWRPYKE,.?. A spiral stair. V. Turn- 
 pike. 
 
 To TO- WRYE, V. a. To turn, twist about 
 rapidly. 
 
 In describing how Fortune turned her wheel the 
 poet says, — 
 
 So tolter quhilum did sche It to-iorye ; 
 There was bot clymbe[n] and ryght dounward hye. 
 And sum were eke that fallyng had [so] sore. 
 There for to clymbe thaire corage was no more. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 164, ed. Skeat. 
 This term is wrongly entered in Dicr. under Wry, 
 as if it were a simple verb. "It is obviously a com- 
 pound verb with the prefix to-; cf. • distorqueo, ic t6- 
 writhe,'' ^Ifric's Glossary, ed. Zupitza, p. 155." Skeat. 
 V. To Wry. 
 
 To TOYTE, ToiT, Tote, v. n. To tot or 
 walk about leisurely, like a weak or old per- 
 son ; also, to totter. V. Toyte. 
 
 In the DiCT., and in many of the glossaries to Burns, 
 this word is improperly defined as "to totter like old 
 age." In Burns' first Gloss., that of the Kilmarnock 
 ed., the definition is, "to walk like old age," i.e. in 
 the sauntering, leisurely way of an old man who is 
 still able to move about, and to attend to the wants of 
 his ' auld, trusty servan' ' in the pasture field. And 
 that this was the sense in which Burns used the word 
 will become evident to any one who reads the passage 
 carefully. It runs thus : — 
 
 We've worn to crazy years thegitber ; 
 We'll toyte about wi' ane anither ; 
 Wi' tentie care I'll flit thy tether 
 
 To some hain'd rig, 
 WTiare ye may nobly rax your leather 
 
 Wi' sma' fatigue. 
 
 The Auld Farmer to his Mare Maggy. 
 
 TRAIST, adv. Trustily, faithfully; Gol. and 
 Gawane, st. 23, 33. 
 
 TRAMP, s. 1. A foot-journey in search of 
 work : on tramp, travelling from town to 
 town in search of employment. 
 
 2. A mechanic travelling in search of employ- 
 ment. 
 
 To TRANSLATE, v. a. 1. To transform, 
 change ; Kingis Quair, st. 8, ed. Skeat. 
 
 2. To alter or make up anew, as is done with 
 a piece of dress. 
 
 Item, for thre eln Scottis blak bocht be the Queen's 
 Maister of Wardrob to lyn ane goun of the Queen's that 
 wes translatit : ilk eln xiiijs., summa xlijs. 
 
 Item, for lyning of thir tua coUaris, and translating 
 of lynyngis of gownis for caus William Fery [the 
 furrier] wes suspect xs. 
 
 Item, for iiji eln gray dames to the grene dames of 
 the Inglis hors covir, in stede of the quhit dames was 
 in it, vli. viijs. 
 
 Item, for vj^ eln yallo carsay to lyne the said hors 
 covir, xxxijs. vjd. 
 
 Item, for translating and making of the said hors 
 covir of dames, vs. Accts. L. H. Treasurer, 1502-4. 
 
 TRANTLUM. 1. As a s.: a trifle, knick- 
 knack, toy ; generally used in pi. trantlumsy 
 same as Trantles, q. v. 
 
 2. As an adj.'. trifling, little- worth, trouble- 
 some ; *' trantlum gear," Whistle-Binkie, I. 
 128. 
 
TRA 
 
 [245] 
 
 TRE 
 
 TRASHER, Traschor, s. A tracer or 
 liner ; a sharp-pointed steel or stile for tra- 
 cing lines on leather : used by saddlers and 
 leather-cutters ; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 
 176, Sp. 0. 
 
 0. Fr. trasser, to trace out, delineate : formed from 
 Lat. tractus, pp. of trahere, to draw. 
 
 To TRAUAILE, v. n. To travail, toil. V. 
 [Trawaill]. 
 
 Trauaile, s. Toil ; Kingis Quair, st. 69, 70, 
 
 ed. Skeat. 
 
 TRAUNT, s. A trick. V. Trane. 
 
 TRAVELLYE, s. Downfall, crash ; a fall 
 accompanied with great noise ; Orcadian 
 Sketch Book, p. 36, 117. 
 
 Dan. travl, busy, rushing ; travlhed, act or state of 
 bustling about, commotion ; but prob. derived from 
 E. travail. 
 
 To TRAW, Trawe, v. a. To believe. V. 
 Trow. 
 
 TRAWE, s. A twist ; hence a trick, device, 
 make-believe. 
 
 Compasand aud castand cacis a thousand 
 How lie sail tak me with a traioe at trist of ane othir. 
 Dunbar, Tua Mariit Wemen, 1. 124. 
 
 Trawe is a form of thraw, from A.-S. thrawan, to 
 turn, twist. 
 
 TRAYFOL, Trofel, s. A knot, device, in 
 embroidery ; see next entry. 
 
 To Trayfol, Trofel, v. a. To ornament 
 with knots or devices ; part. pt. trayfolede, 
 
 trofelyte. 
 
 Gawane was graythely graythede on grene, 
 With griffous of gold engrelede full gaye, 
 
 Trayfolede with trayfoles and trewluffes by-twene, 
 One a stirtande stede he strykes one straye. 
 
 Awnt. Arthure, st. 40, 
 
 The Douce MS. has "Trifeled with traues ; " but 
 the meaning is the same. 
 The mane in his mantyll syttis at his mete 
 
 In paulle purede with pane, full precyously dyghte, 
 Trofdyte and trauerste with trewloues in trete. 
 
 Ibid., St. 28, 
 
 Fr. trejiler, to wiredraw, make chain-work ; formerly 
 tresfiler, from Lat. transjilare, to pass thread through 
 the drawing-frame : trejileur, formerly tresfilier, a chain- 
 maker, a worker in chain-work. 
 
 TREDDER, s. A male or cock-bird, but 
 
 generally applied to a cock. 
 
 A.-S. tredan, to tread ; Icel. troda : akin to Lat. tru- 
 dere. 
 
 TREE, Tre, Trie, s. 1. The wooden por- 
 tion of a pack-saddle, plough, etc.; Corshill 
 Baron Court Book, Ayr and Wigton Arch. 
 Coll., IV. 134. 
 
 2. A straight piece of rough timber used as a 
 pole, lever, prop, or stay, is called a tree : as. 
 
 a dyer's-tree, a raising-^r^e or lever for mov- 
 ing a mill-stone. 
 
 3. A last for boots or shoes, any wooden frame, 
 mould or block, as a hoot-tree, a hat-tree, a 
 mitten-tree, etc. ; '* ane pair of buyt-^ms ; " 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 176, Sp. C. 
 
 Tree-Legged, adj. Having a timber-leg ; 
 Whistle Binkie, I. 159. 
 
 TREMEBUND, adj. Trembling, timorous ; 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 71, ed.'l882. Lat. 
 tremebundus. 
 
 TRENCHER, Trincher, adj. Lopped, 
 blunted, pointless : trencher- apear, a point- 
 less spear, tilting pole. V. Truncher 
 Speir. 
 
 0. Fr. trencM, cut oflf, blunted ; prob. from Lat, 
 truncare, to lop oflF, 
 
 TRENDLE, Trindle, Trenle, Trinle, 
 Trunle, s. The wheel of a barrow, also 
 the wooden portion of the wheel ; a small 
 wooden wheel such as is used for a trundle- 
 bed ; a low truck or hutch, &c. ; a wooden 
 roller on which a heavy block is moved 
 along, Trinnyll, Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 
 1513, p. 44, Mait. C. 
 
 Ae auld wheelbarrow, mair for token 
 Ae leg an' baith the trams are broken ; 
 I made a poker o' the spindle, 
 An' my auld mither brunt the trindle. 
 
 Burns, The Inventory. 
 
 To Trendle, Trenle, Trinle, Trunle, 
 V. a. and n. To trundle, roll, move on 
 wheels or rollers. Addit. to Trindle and 
 Trintle, q. V. 
 
 Trenle-Bed, Trinle-Bed, s. A bed set on 
 trendies or small wheels, that it may be 
 easily run under another bed or drawn out 
 as required : also called a Jmrly-bed or 
 hurly, a whirly-hed or whirly. 
 
 TRENE, Trenefald. V. under Thrine. 
 
 TRENNAL, Treynal, s. Lit. a tree-nail ; 
 a wooden peg or pin used in shipbuilding, 
 and other kinds of carpenter-work. E. tree- 
 nail. 
 
 TRESSOUR, Tressure, s. A species of 
 border detached from the edge of the shield, 
 and borne double, sometimes triple : a term 
 in heraldry. 
 
 He bnre a lyon as lord of gowlis full gay — 
 
 Off pure gold wes the grund quhair the grym hovit, 
 
 With dowble tressour about flowrit in fay, 
 
 Houlate, 1. 370, Bann. MS. 
 0. Fr. tresser, to plait. 
 
 The expression "jlowrit in /ay" is explained by 
 Planche in his remarks on this term. 
 
TRE 
 
 [246] 
 
 TRO 
 
 "The Tressure has been regarded as a diminutive of 
 the Orle [from Fr. otirler, to hem], and is a similar 
 border, only narrower, and borne doiible, sometimes 
 triple, and generally what is termed flory-counter- 
 flory, as in the arms of Scotland." The Pursuivant of 
 Arms, p. 58. 
 
 TRETE, s. Treaty, bargain; connection, 
 combination ; in trete, under treaty ; con- 
 nected, combined, linked together. 
 
 The mane in his mantyll . . . 
 Trofelyte and trauerste with trewloues in trete. 
 
 Awnt. Arthure, st. 28. 
 
 0. Fr. traite, a treaty ; from traiti, pp. of trailer, to 
 treat. 
 
 TREVISS, Trevesse, Travesse, s. V. 
 
 DiCT. 
 
 Two distinct words are mixed up in the common ap- 
 plications of treviss and fravesse: the one is a variant of 
 traverse, and the other is a derivative of trave. The 
 distinction is perhaps best seen in the use of travesse 
 for a partition in a wall, and for the stall itself. In the 
 first application it is a form of traverse, from Lat. 
 transversus, turned across, laid across ; and in the se- 
 cond it is deriv. of trave, a shackle, originally a frame 
 of rails for confining unruly horses. The two words 
 have got mixed up ; but it is well to point out their 
 different origin. 
 
 TRE WE, Day of Trewe, s. A justiciary 
 
 court held by the wardens of the Border 
 
 Marches. Addit. to Trew, q. v. 
 
 These courts were so called, because, during the time 
 they were convened, there was a truce or cessation of 
 hostilities on both sides of the border. Periodical meet- 
 ings of this kind were necessary for the purpose of 
 hearing complaints, settling disputes, and administering 
 justice. 
 
 TREWLOUE, Trewlufe, s. V. Tmelove. 
 
 TRIACLE, Triakle, s. 1. An antidote, 
 
 remedy, cure. Lat. theriaca, theriace. 
 
 " Theriace, triable, remeid against poyson ; " Dun- 
 can's App. Etym., 1595, ed. Small, E. D. S. 
 
 Prompt. Parv. gives treacle, explained as "halyvey, 
 
 . or bote agen sekenesse. " And the editor, Mr. Way, 
 
 has an interesting note regarding the various kinds of 
 
 Theriaca, and their use as an antidote for the bites of 
 
 serpents, and for the plague or pest ; see p. 500. 
 
 2. Trial, test, verdict, decision, settlement : 
 ^* triakle of the truth," decision or settle- 
 ment of the truth, as a cure of strife, or a 
 means of healing it. 
 
 " . . . sa far as may pertene to the town justlie, 
 ay and quhill the triakle of the treutht tharof may be 
 had, bayth for the commoun wele of the town and the 
 said Williamis singlar wele, in sic maner that gif he 
 haif just rycht thairto, and swa being funding, that he 
 may bruik the samyn peaceablie without pley ; and gyf 
 the town hes the just rycht thairof and recoweris the 
 samyn, that thai may in likmaner use the samyn as 
 thair awin peaceablie according to justyce." Burgh 
 Recs. Stirling, 1554-5, p. 62. 
 
 To TRIBBLE, v. a. To trouble, annoy ; to 
 handle overmuch, hence, to damage ; also, 
 to clutch, grasp, or finger, like a person in 
 death-throes ; West of S., Orkn. 
 
 TRINCHER, adj. Pointless, blunted. V. 
 Trencher. 
 
 TRINE, Tryne, Trene, Trinfald. V. 
 under Thrine. 
 
 TRINK, Trinck, s. The bed or channel of 
 a river or stream ; also, the water which 
 flows in that channel. Addit. to Trink, 
 q.v. 
 
 The definitions given by Dr. Jamieson apply only to 
 a trench or drain ; but the term has a much ^vider 
 range of meaning, as the following extracts show. 
 
 "That na channell, stanes, sand, nor any uther thing 
 be cassin in the trinh of the watter, or within the fluid 
 merk, out of schippis." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, ii. 77, 
 Sp. C. 
 
 ' ' The haill trinck of the watter salbe drawn doun 
 the south syd of the Lochfield croft, and to rin at the 
 west syd of the Gallowgett ... in the auld 
 trinck, to be cassin deper and wyder, and that the 
 water trinck on the south-vest syd of the said locht 
 salbe stoppit and condamnit. " Ibid. , p. 239. 
 
 The term is still used in both senses. 
 
 Trinkle, s. a drop, series of drops, fall- 
 ing or fallen, as from a leaking vessel or a 
 spout ; a continuous dropping, or a slender 
 thread of falling liquid ; also, a faint line or 
 streak, as a tnnkle of blood. 
 
 Trinkald, Trixkaild, s. a vessel for 
 ti'ickling or dropping oil, etc., a currier's 
 oil-horn; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 170, 
 Sp. C. 
 
 TRINNEL, Trinnyll, s. V. Trendle. 
 
 TRISTE, Tryste, Tryster, s. A station 
 in hunting. Addit. to Trist, q. v. 
 
 like a lorde withowttj-n lett, 
 At his triste was he. sett, 
 With bowe and with barcelett, 
 Vndir those bewes. 
 
 Axont. Arlhure, st. 3, 1. 11. 
 
 The form tryster occurs in 11. 8 and 9 of same stanza 
 in the Douce MS. V. Tristres. 
 
 TROCH, Truch, Throch, Throcht, s. 
 
 A trough, vat ; a large shallow vessel for 
 
 holding or conveying water, etc.; pi. trochs, 
 
 throchtis^ Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 329, 
 
 Sp. C. 
 TROFELYTE, part. pt. Knotted. V. 
 
 Trayfol. 
 TROGGIN, 8. The merchandise of a pedlar 
 
 hawker ; the articles in which he trogs or 
 
 deals. V. Trog, v. 
 
 Saw ye e'er sic troggia ) 
 If to buy ye're slack, 
 Homie's turniu chapman, — 
 He'll buy a' the pack. 
 Buy braw troggin, 
 
 Frae the banks o' Dee ; 
 Wha wants troggin. 
 Let him come to me. 
 
 Burns, Braw Troggin. 
 
TRO 
 
 [247] 
 
 TUR 
 
 Trog and troggm are merely variations of ti'oke and 
 trokin. Fr. troquer, to exchange. V. Tkoke. 
 
 TROIS, Troise, Troiss, adj. Troy, of Troy, 
 of Troy-weight : " a trois pund of brass," 
 i.e. a one-pound-Troy brass weight ; Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, 11. 10, Sp. 0. 
 
 TROKIN G, s. Dealing, intercourse : pi. 
 trokings, business dealings, transactions. V. 
 Troke, s. 
 
 ' ' This is nae kind of time of night for decent folk ; 
 and I hae nae trokings wi' night-hawks." R. L. Ste- 
 venson, Kidnapped, p. 296, ed. 1886. 
 
 TRONE, Tron, s. V. Dict. 
 
 It is a mistake to connect this word with Icel. triona, 
 a beak, or Icel. trana, a crane, or C.B. tnoyn, or Fr. 
 trogne. Ducange is correct in tracing it to Lat. tru- 
 tina, a pair of scales, from which it has come to us by 
 L. Lat. trona, and 0. F. trone. See Skeat, s. v. Tron. 
 
 TROWAN, Trowane, s. An evil-doer, 
 imp, monster : tryit trowane, noted evil- 
 doer ; Dunbar and Kennedie, 1. 513. 
 Trowan is lit. one of the devil's brood. V. Tkow. 
 
 TRUAGE, TRUWAGE, s. Tribute; Sir 
 Tristrem, 1. 947, 992, S.T.S. O. Fr. trudge, 
 
 treudge. 
 
 TRUELOVE, Trewloue, s. A lover's knot. 
 
 Trofelyte and trauerste with trewlouei in trete. 
 
 Atvnt. Arthure, st. 28. 
 
 TRULIS, s. pi. The game of troll-my-dames, 
 
 troll-madame, or pigeon-holes ; a game of 
 
 nine-holes. Addit. to Trulis, q. v. 
 
 This game was borrowed from the French, who called 
 it trou-madame. It is fully described by Nares in his 
 Gloss. ; and it is mentioned by Shakespeare, Winter 
 Tale, iv. 2. Its old Eng. name, pigeon-holes, was given 
 to it because the holes of the frame through which the 
 balls were rolled resembled the holes in a dove-cot. 
 See Dyce, Gloss. Shakespeare. 
 
 TRUNCHMAN", s. A dragoman, interpreter. 
 V. Trenchman. 
 
 " Interpres, a trunchman, a translator;" Duncan's 
 App. Etym., ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 O. E. and 0. Fr. trucheraan, an interpreter. V. Cot- 
 grave. 
 
 TRYNE, Trynfald. V. under Thrine. 
 TRYPES, s. pi. Small intestines. 
 
 " Lactes, graciliora intestina, the trypes;" Duncan's 
 App. Etym., ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 Of Celtic origin : cf. Welsh tripa, intestines, Fr. 
 tripe, Span, and Port, tripa, Ital. trippa, tripe. 
 
 TUA OF TEN. A popular name for the 
 
 taxation of 1630, which amounted to twenty 
 
 per cent. See Acts of Pari. 
 
 "To pay the soume of ten thousand merkis money 
 of this realme for the extent of the tua of ten grantit 
 furthe of the annuellis of the termes of Mertimes 
 [1633, Whitsunday and Martinmas, 1634, 1635, and 
 1636]." Burgh Recs. Stirling, p. 171. 
 
 TUCHET, Tuquheit, s. The lapwing. V. 
 Teuchit. 
 
 TUE Y, TwEY, TuEYNE, Tweyne, adj. Two ; 
 Kingis Quair, st. 42, 75, ed. Skeat. V. Twa. 
 
 TUGLIT, part. pt. Toiled, fatigued ; Gol. 
 
 and Gawane, st. 3. V. Tuggled. 
 
 Tuglit has sometimes the sense of taiglit, hindered by 
 difficulties. 
 
 TULKE, ToLKE, ToLK, s. A man, person : 
 applied to gentle and common, but mostly 
 as a contemptuous term ; occurs in Gawayne 
 and Arthure Romances. Icel. tulkr. 
 
 TUMALL, TuMALE, s. A portion of land 
 lately in pasture, but now under cultivation 
 and enclosed. Addit. to [Tumail]. 
 
 The following explanations of this term are worthy 
 of notice : — 
 
 " Tumale, land enclosed from the common pasture, 
 and tilled ; but not included in the original Odal-Tun." 
 Balfour, Odal Rights and Feudal Wrongs, p. 119. 
 
 A Tumail *' is ane piece of land which wes quoyland, 
 but now inclosed within the dykis." Peterkin's Ren- 
 tals of Orkney, No. ii. p, 2. 
 
 TUMBLE-CART, Tumble Car, s. The 
 
 common country or farmer's cart of olden 
 
 times. The box was set on wooden wheels 
 
 fixed on a wooden axle, which tumbled or 
 
 turned together. Cf. E. tumbrel, O. Fr. 
 
 tom,berel. 
 
 The tumble-cart, tumbler, or car, continued in use in 
 the upland districts till the beginning of the present 
 century ; and in moorland districts of the country even 
 then, the roads were so bad that goods and produce 
 could be transported only by sledges or on horseback. 
 Wheel-carts began to be used about 1760, and prior to 
 that time the only wheeled vehicles for common use 
 were '^tumbler-carts, which were simply sledges 
 mounted on small wheels about three feet in diameter, 
 made solid — drum-wheels, as archaeologists call them — 
 united by a wooden axle, and all turning round toge- 
 ther." Murray, Old Cardross, p. 38. 
 
 TUNG, s. Tongue : heep a tongue, keep 
 
 quiet, refrain from speech. 
 
 Thairfoir till our rymes be rung, 
 And our mistonit sangis be sung, 
 Lat euery man keip weill a tung 
 
 And euery woman tway. 
 Lyndsay, Thrie Estaitis, Bann. MS. fol. 195 a. 
 
 Tung-Grant, cS. Confession. V. Tong- 
 Grant. 
 
 TUR AT, s. A turret ; Gol. and Gawane, st. 
 
 4. Fr. toxtreile. 
 
 TURKAS, Tukkes, Turkesse, s. V. Dict. 
 
 The O. Fr. words which Jamieson cites from Roque- 
 fort are obviously from Lat. torquere, to twist ; and the 
 instrument is called twisters, 23licrs, as well as pincers, 
 nippers. Indeed the main purpose of the instrument 
 is to twist, wrench, bend, stretch, rather than to pince, 
 nip. 
 
TUR 
 
 [243] 
 
 TTK 
 
 TURMENT, s. Torment, Kiugis Quair, st. 
 
 19, ed. Skeat. 
 
 0. Fr. torment, from Lat. tormentiim, an engine for 
 throwing stones or for inflicting torment. 
 
 TURNOVER, s. A small copper coin, 
 equivalent to a bodle; Burgh Recs. Glas- 
 gow, I. 422, Rec. Soc. V. Tdrner. 
 
 0. Fr. turnoir, a copper-coin worth one-tenth of a 
 penny sterling. 
 
 TURPYKE, Towrpyke, s. V. Turnpike. 
 
 TURRGATE, s. a turnpike-gate, or closed 
 fence ; prob. a corr. of tirless-gate ; Accts. 
 Burgh Edinburgh, 1552-3, Rec. Soc. V. 
 Tirless-Yett. 
 
 TUTIVILLAR, Tutivilujs, s. A demon, 
 imp, evil-doer ; colloq. a term like devil, and 
 used in a like variety of senses. Addit. to 
 
 TUTIVILLAR, q.V. 
 
 Tuti villus, i.e., superintendent of evil-doers, is re- 
 presented as chief of the devils appointed to catch 
 people sinning. His main duty was to note and report 
 the sins that deserve punishment. In the play of 
 Juditium, one of the Towneley Mysteries, he is repre- 
 sented with a great roll, and as come to give in his re- 
 port. He says : — 
 
 Here a rolle of ragman of the rownde tabille 
 
 Of brefifes in my bag, man, of synnes dampnabille. 
 
 Towneley Mysteries, p. 311. 
 
 Further particulars regarding this evil spirit may be 
 gathered from the Reader's Handbook by Dr. Brewer, 
 and Laing's ed. of Dunbar, vol. ii., p. 438. 
 
 'TWAD, 'TwuD. Contr. for it wad, it wud, 
 it would. 
 
 TWAT.<, TwALT, adj. Twelfth. V. Twelt. 
 
 TwAL-PiNT Hawkie. A COW that yields 
 twelve pints at one milking ; Bums, Address 
 to the Deil. V. Hawkib. 
 
 TWANG, s. A twinge, throb of pain. 
 
 My curse upon your venom'd stang. 
 That shoots my tortur'd gums alang ; 
 And thro' my lugs gies mouie a twang, 
 Wi' gnawing vengeance. 
 
 Burns, To the Toothache. 
 O. Frieaic tmnga, thwinga^ to constrain ; pt. t. twang. 
 Dan. tvinge, Sw. tvinga, to force, constrain ; M. E. 
 twingen, to nip, pain. 
 
 To TWEEDLE, v. n. To work in a trifling, 
 careless, or slovenly manner ; to sing, or play 
 on a musical instrument, in a light, careless, 
 or slovenly manner; but most commonly ap- 
 plied to careless or awkward fiddling. 
 
 Tweedle-Dee, s. An indifferent musician, 
 a sorry fiddler. 
 
 Her charms had struck a sturdy caird. 
 
 As well as poor gut-scraper : 
 He taks the fiddler by the Deard, 
 
 And draws a rusty rapier. 
 
 Wi' ghastly ee, poor Tweedle-dee 
 Upon his hunkers bended. 
 
 And pray'd for grace wi' ruefu' face, 
 And sae the quarrel ended. 
 
 Burns, Jolly Beggars. 
 
 TWELTER, adj. Of or belonging to a set 
 or company of twelve ; twelter-aith, the oath 
 of a company of twelve compurgators. V. 
 under Saxter. 
 
 " In the Lawting Court of July 21, 1603, one is or- 
 dained to quit himself of theft by the tioelter-aith, be- 
 cause the stowth is great ; and another to quit himself 
 of the same theft with the saxter-aith. " Peterkin's 
 Notes on Orkney and Shetland, App. p. 35. 
 
 Icel. tdlft, a number of twelve ; tdlftar-eithr, the oath 
 of a company of twelve compurgators ; and similarly, 
 " tJl/tar-kvithr, a verdict of a jury of twelve neigh- 
 bours." Vigfusson. 
 
 T WISE, adv. Twice ; Kingis Quair, st. 25. 
 
 V. TWYIS, TWYS. 
 
 In Kingis Quair, st. 25, tioise must be a dissyllable, 
 and ought to have been written twies. See Skeat's 
 Gloss. 
 
 TWISTLE, TWISSLE, s. A pron. of 
 tussle, a shaking, tossing ; Burns, The Twa 
 Herds, st. 3. 
 
 To TWITTER, v. 7i. To shiver, shake, 
 tremble, as with cold or fear : syn. chitter. 
 
 'TWUD. Contr. for it wud, it would. V. 
 Wad. 
 
 TWYST, adv. Twice. V. Twyis. 
 
 TYE, s. Band, bond, engagement ; also the 
 binding-clause in a band or bond : " releive 
 thaim of thair tye," i.e. of their engagement. 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, II. 193, Rec. Soc. 
 
 TYKE, Tyken, Tyking, s. 1. The case or 
 cover which holds the feathers, wool, or 
 other material of a bed, or a bolster. E. 
 tick. 
 
 2. Used for the bed or the bolster itself : as, 
 *' That's the ti/ke or tyken o' the bed : a guid 
 feather tyke or ti/keii." 
 
 3. A kind of striped cloth of which the cover 
 of a bed is made. 
 
 " Tyking of the Eist countrey, the eln — x s." Kates 
 and Customs, 1612, Haly. Ledger, p. 331. 
 He at the sowing-brod was bred, 
 An' wrought gude serge and tyken. 
 
 Alex. Wilson's Poems, p. 42, ed. 1876. 
 
 Tyken, Tyking, adj. Of or belonging to 
 the cloth called tyke or tyken. 
 
 This group of words is improperly defined and ex- 
 plained in the DicT. Instead of tlie cloth giving its 
 name to the case or cover, it is the case that has given 
 its name to the cloth of which it is made. Besides the 
 Su.-G. tyg is merely a loan-word from Ger. tuck, cloth. 
 
 Tyke (E. tick), has come from Du. tijk, formed from 
 Lat. teca, theca, a case, cover, which came from Gr. 
 th4k4, a case. Regarding E. tick, Skeat states that it 
 is the M. E. teke, a 14th cent, word, Englished from 
 Lat. teca, tlieca. See his Etym. Diet. 
 
TYM 
 
 [249] 
 
 UMA 
 
 TYME, s. Time : he tyme, betimes, in good 
 time ; Kingis Quair, st. 122, ed. Skeat. 
 
 TYMERAL, Tynnerall, s. The crest or 
 
 ridge of a helmit, the socket or hold in 
 
 which the crest is fixed. 
 
 All thir hieast in the crope four helmes full fair, 
 And in thar tymeralis tryid trewly thai bere 
 The plesand povne in a part provde to repair, 
 And als kepit ilk armes that I said eir. 
 
 Houlate, 1. 613, Asloan MS. 
 
 Bann. MS. has tynneraUis : prob. a scribal error in 
 writing to dictation. 
 
 0. Fr. timbre, tymhre, "the creast, or cognisance 
 that's borne vpon the helmit of a coat of Armes ; " 
 Cotgr. 
 
 TYNNAKIL, 5. Small tunic. V. Tunnakil. 
 
 TYRE, s. Errat. in Dict. for Cyre, leather, 
 q.v. 
 
 TYREFULL, adj. Very tedious, tiresome ; 
 a form of tereful, q. v.; Houlate, 1. 421, 
 Asloan MS. V. under Tere. 
 
 " Tyrefull to tell,'" (more commonly tereful to tell), 
 very tedious to relate, is ia the Bann, MS. "lere for to 
 tell," which is prob. a scribal error for tereful to tell, 
 made in writing to dictation. The Bann. MS. bears 
 many indications of having been so written. 
 
 TYRRING, part, and s. Uncovering. V. 
 
 TiRR. 
 
 To TYST, V. a. To entice. V. Tyse. 
 TYTTYN, part. pr. Pulling. V. Tyte,. v. 
 
 U. 
 
 UCHE, UcH, VcH, s. An ouch ; the clasp, 
 bezel, or socket in which a precious stone is 
 set. Addit. to Uche, q. v. 
 
 Only secondary meanings of this term are given in 
 DlCT. The proper form of the word is nouch ; M.E. 
 noitche, from 0. Fr. nouche, nosche, nusclie, a buckle, 
 clasp, brace ; see Burguy. The L. Lat. form is nusca ; 
 but all these forms have come from 0. H. Ger. nusca, 
 M. H. Ger. nushe, a buckle, clasp, brooch. 
 
 TIDAL, adj. V. Dict. 
 
 Under this word Jamieson discusses the term allodial, 
 and quotes various etymologies that have been pro- 
 posed, of which all but one are wrong. The word is 
 composed of the adj. a?^ prefixed to the 0. L. Ger. 6d, 
 Icel, audr, wealth, and means "belonging to the entire 
 property." See Allodial in Murray's New Eng. Diet. 
 
 UDDIR, Uder, pron., adj. and s. Other, 
 each other ; pi. udderis, others, one an- 
 other; Dunbar, Douglas. V. Uthir. 
 
 UG, Ugsum. V. Dict. 
 
 These words are not connected with ogertful, as 
 stated in Dict. They are from Icel. uggr, fear, and 
 allied to Icel. ugga, to fear, dgn, terror, dgna, to 
 threaten. For further explanation, see under Ugly in 
 Sk cat's Etym. Dict. 
 
 Uggin, part, and adj. Exciting terror, re- 
 pulsive : same as Uqsum, s. 2. Whistle 
 Binkie, I. 311. 
 
 Ugly, Vgly, adj. Ugly, frightful, horrid. 
 V. Ug, v. 
 
 Aiie vgly pit [was] depe as ony helle. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 162, ed. Skeat, 
 
 UIKNAME, s. Nickname; local pron. of 
 ehename; Orkn. 
 
 ULY, Vly, s. 
 (Sup.) 
 
 Oil 
 
 V. Ule. 
 
 H 2 
 
 UMAST, Umaist, Umest, adj. V. Dict. 
 
 The etym. given for this term in the Dict. is mis- 
 leading. Umast stands for uveinast, which is simply 
 A.-S. vfemest (ufe-m-est), superl. of ufa, above. It is 
 really a double superl., and has nothing to do with 
 Eng. most, for which the A.-S. is mcest, seldom m6st, 
 and never mest, 
 
 Umast Olaith, Umest Claith, Vp- 
 MAiST Claith, Umest Clayis, s. The 
 upper or outer garment, the uppermost 
 article of wearing apparel : a perquisite 
 claimed on certain occasions by vicars and 
 heralds. Addit. to entry in DiCT. 
 
 The explanations of this term given in the DiCT. are 
 altogether misleading. The umast claith was not a 
 winding sheet, as defined by Sibbald ; nor the coverlet 
 of the bed, as stated by J amieson and Laing. Indeed, 
 a moment's reflection will convince any one that, how- 
 ever exacting churchmen might be in claiming per- 
 quisites like these from the rich, they would in most 
 cases be unwilling even to receive them from the very 
 poor ; and that therefore the umast claith which the 
 clergy exacted, and which proved so oppressive to the 
 common people, must have been something very 
 different from either of these. That it was simply the 
 uppermost article of wearing apparel is clearly stated 
 by Lyndsay in one of the passages in which he in- 
 veighs against the exaction ; and with this statement 
 all the other passages in which it is referred to en- 
 tirely agree. It occurs in Pauper's account of how he 
 was reduced to poverty, which we quote from Laing's 
 ed., vol. ii., p. 103. 
 " My Father was sa walk of blade and bane, 
 
 That he deit, quhairfoir my Mother maid gret maine 
 
 Then scho deit within ane day or two. 
 
 And thair began my povertie and wo. 
 
 Our gude gray meir was baittand on the feild, 
 
 And our Land's laird tuik her for his hyreild. 
 
 The Vickar tuik the best cow be the heid, 
 
 Incontinent, quhen my father was deid. 
 
 And quhen the Vickar hard tel how that my mother 
 
 Was deid, fra hand he tuik to him ane uther. 
 
UMB 
 
 [250] 
 
 UMB 
 
 Tlien Meg, my wife, did murne baith evin and morow, 
 
 Till at the last scho deit for verie sorow. 
 
 And quhen the Vickar hard tell my wyfe was deid, 
 
 The third cow he cleikit be the heid. 
 
 Thair umest clayis, that was of rapploch gray, 
 
 The Vickar gart his Clark bear them away. 
 
 Quhen all was gane, I micht mak na debeat, 
 
 Bot with my bairns past for till beg my meat." 
 
 Now, umest clayis here can have but one meaning, the 
 uppermost garment of each of the deceased persons ; 
 and no doubt the uppermost article of clothing was 
 claimed for the same reason which guided the laird in 
 selecting the hcrse, and the vicar in choosing the cow, 
 because it was the best that the party possessed. And 
 the vicar so claimed and so acted, because on such an 
 occasion he was by law entitled to take the best cow 
 and the best garment of the deceased, as perquisites of 
 his office. 
 
 What this umast claith or best garment of the com- 
 mon people of Scotland was in Lyndsay's day is ex- 
 plained in the passage quoted by Jamieson ; and by a 
 few slight but masterly touches the poet at the same 
 time reveals the abject poverty which then prevailed. 
 The husband's umast klaith was "</ie gray cloke that 
 happis the bed " : so poor was his household. The 
 cloak was of rapploch gray, or coarse woollen cloth 
 made of home-spun undyed wool. In Laing's ed. it is 
 called a "grayfrugge," i.e., a loose coat or cloak of 
 gray, like a monk's frock. The wife's upper garment 
 was a " pure cote," i.e., a petticoat or kirtle : and it 
 too was of rapploch, and had to serve the s;.me pur- 
 poses as her husband's cloak. And it may be noted in 
 passing, that it was of such a covering that mention is 
 made in the old song, " Tak your auld cloak about ye." 
 
 There were other examples of a claim to the upper- 
 most garment as a perquisite, as for instance in con- 
 nection with the office of herald. At the marriage of 
 James IV. to Margaret Tudor, the English heralds, 
 according to custom, claimed as their perquisite the 
 king's marriage dress ; and those of Scotland claimed 
 the queen's. The latter, however, was redeemed next 
 day by a payment of forty nobles. Leland, Collec- 
 tanea, ed alt., vol. iv., p. 297. See note, p. cxcvii. of 
 Dickson's Preface to Accts. of the L. H. Treas. of Scot- 
 land, vol. i, 
 
 UMBE, prep, and adv. About, around : in 
 comp. umhe, umh, and um. A.-S. ymhe. 
 
 To UMBECAST, Umcast, v. a. To bind or 
 wrap round, as, "to umcast a splice," to 
 fasten it by a wrapping of cord. Addit. to 
 [Umbecast], q. V. 
 The term is similarly used in the York Mysteries. 
 All in cordis his coorse vmhycast. 
 
 Tyllemakers Play, p. 336, 1. 467. 
 
 UMBECLIPPED, Umbe-clipped, part. pt. 
 Encircled, embraced, surrounded; Awnt. 
 Artbure, x. 2, MS. Douce. V. Clip, v. 
 
 To UMBEDRAW, v. n. To draw back or 
 aside, withdraw, retire ; pret, umbedrew, 
 Douglas, Virgil, prol. 399, 11, Rudd. ; in 
 Elphinstoun MS. onbydrew. Addit. to 
 Umbedraw, q. V. 
 
 That um is here intensive, as Eudd. pointed out, and 
 not the prep, about, around, as stated by Jamieson, is 
 contirmed by the reading of the Elphinstoun MS. It 
 is simply the verbal prefix un- modified to blend with 
 bedraw ; and be is a form of by, aside, away. 
 
 UMBESET, 8. Same as Outbreck, q. v. 
 
 UMBESTOUNT, adv. Sometimes. 
 
 Till he his poynt saw of the kyng. 
 
 That than with all his gaderyng 
 
 Wes in carrik, quhar vmbestount 
 
 He vald vend with his men till hount. 
 
 Barbmir, vii. 398, Camb. MS. 
 Edin. MS. has "he wes wont." 
 A. -S. ymbe, about, and stund, a time. 
 
 UMBESTRODE, part. pt. Bestrode. 
 UMBEWEROUND, part. pa. V. DiCT. 
 
 The etym. suggested for this term is simply impos- 
 sible. Umbeiueround is a hybrid form obtained by 
 substituting umbe- (A.-S. ymbe) for the Fr. en- in en- 
 vironner. 
 
 UMBOTHSMAN, s. An agent, procurator, 
 for-speaker or advocate ; Memorial for 
 Orkney, p. 119. V. Umboth, s. 2. 
 
 Icel. umbotlis-mathr, a trusty manager ; Vigfusson. 
 
 UMBRE, Vmbre, s. A shadow, shade ; hence 
 screen, mask, disguise. Addit. to IJmbre, 
 q.v. 
 
 The first passage quoted in DiCT. is incorrect : the 
 MS. reads : — 
 
 Suich feynit treuth is all bot trechorye, 
 Vnder the vmAre of hid ypocrisye. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 134, ed. Skeat. 
 
 Umbrage, Vmbrage, s. A shadow, shade ; 
 Douglas, iv. 169, 16. 
 
 Umbrakle, Vmbrakle, s. An arbour ; hence 
 retreat, cell, abode: '^ dethh dirk V7nb7xikle;' 
 Dunbar, Ballat of our Lady, 1. 20, Small. 
 
 Lat. umbraculum, a bower, retreat : dimin. of ?<m- 
 bra, a shade. Cf. Ital. ombraculo, a shady place. 
 
 Umbrate, Vmbrate, adj. Shady: "the 
 vmbrate treis," Douglas, Pal. of Honour, 
 prol. 1. 40. 
 
 Umbrells, s. pi. A form of honours paid to 
 worth or dignity at a convivial gathering, 
 in which the toast was drunk off and glasses 
 inverted. 
 
 This was a common custom among the crafts in for- 
 mer days, especially at their annual dinners, or as they 
 were popularly called bancats. In the humorous sketch 
 of 'The Deacon's Day,' the retiring Deaccn Convener 
 of the Incorporated Trades of Glasgow (and at the same 
 time Deacon of the Wrights), thus introduces his suc- 
 cessor in ofiice : — 
 
 " After what I hae this day spoken in anither place, 
 there's nae occasion again to put the bit through the 
 same bore, or to run the plane o'er a dressed plank, sae 
 I'll gie ye Deacon Convener Wriggles' good health, no 
 forgetting wife and sproots — they'll be a' trees belyve 
 — and may every guid attend him and them ; and may 
 he aye be able to keep a guid polish on the face o' our 
 Corporation affairs, and leave them without a screw 
 loose to his successor. — Umbrells to Deacon Wriggles." 
 Whistle Binkie, i. 272. 
 
 This name was prob. suggested by the resemblance 
 of the upturned glasses to umbrellas, or the small round 
 fans which were called ombrelles. See Cotgrave. 
 
 UMBYCLEDE, Vmbyclede, part. pt. Lit. 
 completely clothed ; surrounded, wrapt : 
 
UNO 
 
 [251] 
 
 UND 
 
 " vmhyclede in a clowde ; " Awnt. Arthure, 
 St. 2. V. Cleed, v. 
 MS, Douce has vmheclipped. 
 UNCERSSABIL, adj. Unsearchable; Abp. 
 Hamilton's Catechism, fol. 1146. V. Cerss. 
 
 To UMCHOW, Vmchow, v. a. To eschew, 
 avoid. V. Umbeschew. 
 
 ", . . to ewaid and vmc/ioic trubill of thair inny- 
 meis." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, i. 448, Sp. C. 
 
 UNAFFRAID, Vnaffraid, adj. Un-afraid, 
 fearless; Kingis Qiiair, st. 35, ed. Skeat. 
 
 UNANALYIT, Vnanalht, adj. Not dis- 
 poned, unalienated : a law term, common 
 in Burgh Records. V. Analie. 
 
 UNBACKED, adj. Untamed, not broken, 
 unaccustomed to yoke or saddle. 
 
 Though Fortune's road be rough an' hilly 
 To every fiddling, rhyming billle, 
 
 We never heed, ^ 
 
 But tak' it like the unhack'd filly, 
 
 Proud o' her speed. 
 
 Bums, Ep. to Major Logan, st. 1. 
 
 Perhaps Burns used the term here in the sense of 
 unloaded, unhampered. In the sense of unbroken the 
 term was used by Shakespeare and by Sterne. 
 
 UNBODEIT, Wnbodeit, adj. Disembo- 
 died; Douglas, II. 137, 25, ed. Small. 
 
 UNCARING-, Unoarin. adj. Free from care, 
 careless, regardless, taking no thought or 
 concern regarding work or duty : " He's 
 an uncarin servan." 
 
 UNCHERSIABILL, adj. Lit. uncherishable ; 
 unbearable on account of conduct or man- 
 ners; careless, offensive. 
 
 ' ' Alsua, geyf the said Andro worthis vanton and 
 uncherdahUl in his common seruis." Charters, &c., 
 Peebles, 28 Jan., 1520, p. 141, Rec. Soc. 
 
 O. Fr. WW, not; cherissahle, " cherishable, fit to be 
 cherished ; " Cotgr. 
 
 UNCOFT, «(^;. V. DicT. 
 
 The last paragraph of this entry has been accidentally 
 misplaced. It belongs to the following entry, Ujstcoist, 
 Uncost, s. 
 
 UNCOUTH, Vncouth, Vnchut, adj. Un- 
 known; Kingis Quair, st. 63, 113 : strange, 
 peculiar : Ibid., st. QQ, ed. Skeat. Addit. 
 to Unco, q. v. 
 
 The form vnchut, which occurs in the Legend of St. 
 Machar, is prob. a scribal error for vncuth. The pas- 
 sage runs thus : — 
 
 Bot passyt in vnchtd land but bad, 
 Quhare na mane knawing of him had. 
 
 Barbour, Legends of the Saints. 
 
 Uncouthly, Vncouthly, adv. Strangely; 
 Ibid., St. 9. 
 
 UNCUNNAND, Vncunnand, adj. Ignor- 
 ant, unskilled, unskilful. V. Cunnand. 
 
 UNCUNYETE, part pt. Uncoined, not 
 prepared for coining ; Douglas, Virgil, 336, 
 26, ed. Rudd. 
 
 UND ANTED, Undantit, Undantoned, Vn- 
 DANTONIT, Vndantonet, adj. Unbroken, 
 untamed, not under control ; " Lyk wyld 
 vndantit horss," Alex. Scott, p. 77, ed. 1882. 
 Also, used in the sense of undaunted, un- 
 abashed, daring ; Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, 
 IV. 510, Rec. Soc; Blame of Kirkburiall, 
 ch. 7. V. Danton. 
 
 UNDEID, Vndeid, adj. Alive, Douglas, I. 
 36, 14, ed. Small. 
 
 UNDER. In under, underneath, completely 
 under ; under the surface of, as " in under 
 the water," implying complete submersion ; 
 Frequently pron. anunder and anonder, q. v. 
 A.-S. in-undor. 
 
 Ay tresting for to speid, 
 
 I haif my harte ourset, 
 Quhair that I fynd bot feid 
 
 My langour for to lett. 
 I seik the watter hett 
 
 In vndir the cauld yce, 
 Quhair na regaird I gett, 
 
 I fynd yow ay so nyss. 
 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 63, ed. 1882. 
 
 To UNDERCREIP, Vndercrepe, v. a. To 
 undermine ; hence to vitiate, destroy, or take 
 away. 
 
 " And thairby sum persones seikand thair avin com- 
 moditie myndis to vndercrepe my rycht and tytill," 
 &c. Bill by Mr. Roche, quoted in Records of Mining 
 in Scotland, p. 59. 
 
 " . . . it is allegit be sum seikingto wndercreip 
 my richt, title, and contract," &c. Idem., p. 61, 
 
 A.-S. under, under, and credpan, to crawl. 
 
 UNDER-FOUD, s. Formerly an official in 
 every parish of Zetland, who represented 
 the Judge or Governor ; Memorial for Ork- 
 ney, p. 119. V. FouD. 
 
 When Orkney and Shetland became integral parts of 
 Scotland, the Under-Foud was superseded by the 
 Bailie. 
 
 UNDERN. V. DiCT. 
 
 This term occurs under various forms, as under, 
 undre, undrone, undorn ; but they represent mere 
 varieties of pronunciation, 
 
 UNDERSEDYL, Wndersedyl, s. Sub- 
 tenant. 
 
 "Gyffand and grantand fwU power to mak rasona- 
 byll tenandis and wndersedyllis als oft as it is sene 
 speidfwU tyll hym." Burgli Recs, Peebles, 1476, p. 
 177, Rec, Soc, 
 
 Dan. undersidder, one who sits or holds property 
 under another ; from under, under, and sidde, to sit. 
 
 UNDERSTOND, Vnderstond, part. pt. 
 Understood ; Kingis Quair ; st. 127, ed. 
 Skeat. 
 
UND 
 
 [252] 
 
 UNH 
 
 To UNDERTA, v. a. To undertake, become 
 responsible for, promise, pledge. 
 
 " Thy fals excuse," the Lyoun said agane, 
 "Sail nocht availl ane myte, I underta." 
 
 Henryson, Lyoun and Mous, 1. 44. 
 
 UNDERTAK, Vndertack, Vndertake. 
 1. As a s. short for undertaking, bargain, 
 agreement ; Burgh Recs. Glasgow, II. 122, 
 Rec. Soc. 
 
 2. As a part. pt. : short for undertaken ; Kingis 
 
 Quair, st. 63, ed. Skeat. 
 
 As pointed out by the editor, undertake in the second 
 sense is a Southern form ; the Northern is undertane. 
 See note in Gloss. 
 
 To UNDO, V. a. To cut up game : a term in 
 hunting. Addit. to Undo, q. v. 
 
 UNDOUTAND, adv. Undoubtedly; Abp. 
 Hamilton's Catechism, fol. 926. 
 
 UNDRONE, Yndeone, s. A form of undem, 
 nine o'clock a.m. Addit. to Undern, q. v. 
 
 Faste by- fore vndrone this ferly gun falle. 
 
 Awnt. Arthure, vi. 7. 
 
 UNDUORDY, adj. V. Umoordy. 
 
 UNE, s. Musty smell ; the oppressive close- 
 ness that meets one on opening a long- 
 closed room ; Gl. Orkn. 
 Cf. Swed. ugn, Dan. ovn, an oven. 
 
 UNE ARED. Uneard, Unerd, adj. Untilled, 
 uncultivated: called also unland. V. 
 Onland. 
 
 Eeg. 
 
 " . . . terris non arabilibus lie unerd" 
 Mag. Sig. Scot., 1546-1580, No. 2195. 
 
 A.-S. erian, to plough; Icel. erja, M. E. eren. 
 Lat. arare.\ 
 
 Cf. 
 
 UNEIS, Unese, s. Discomfort, suffering, 
 illness; Dunbar. 
 
 UNERD, adj. V. Uneared. 
 
 UNFAIN, adj. Unfond, having a feeling of 
 dislike or reluctance; Whistle Binkie, I. 
 204. V. Fain. 
 
 To UNFALD, Unfauld, v. a. To unfold, 
 expand; also, to explain, expound. V. 
 Fald. 
 
 There simmer first unfold her robes. 
 And there the langest tarry. 
 
 Burns, Highland Mary, st. 1. 
 
 UNFEINYEIT, Unfenyeit, Unfenyet, 
 adj. Unfeigned ; Lyndsay, Compl. to 
 King, 1. 415 ; Abp. Hamilton's Catechism, 
 Tabil, ch. 14. 
 
 Unteinyetlie, Unfenyeitlie, Unfenyet- 
 LIE, adv. Unfeignedly; Lyndsay, Thrie 
 Estaites, 1. 3459 ; Abp. Hamilton's Cate- 
 chism, fol. 266. 
 
 UNFILIT, Vnfilet, Vnfylit, adj. Unde- 
 filed; Douglas, 11. 75, 31, ed. Small ; Abp. 
 Hamilton's Catechism, fol. 53a. Also, as a 
 law term, uncondemned. V. File. 
 
 UNFORGEVIN, Ynfoirgevin, adj. as adv. 
 Not to be forgiven, remitted, or evaded ; and 
 frequently used in the sense of without ex- 
 ception or abatement, without fail. 
 
 This term occurs frequently in our Burgh Records in 
 connection with tines, imposts, and penalties. 
 
 " Ilk persone coutravenand and brekand this present 
 act sail pay ten puudis of vnlaw unforgevin." Burgh 
 Recs. Glasgow, 1588, i. 123, Rec. Soc. 
 
 " And that na maner of maister of the said craft lift, 
 hous berbery, nor ressaue ony vther maisteris prentice 
 or seruand, vnder the pane of paying of twa pund of 
 walx to our said alter vnfoirgevin." Cordiners' Seal of 
 Cause, 1509-10, Burgh Recs. Edin., i. 128, Rec. Soc. 
 
 UNFORLEIT, Vnforleyt, adj. Unfor- 
 saken, not forgotten ; Douglas, IV. 51, 14, 
 ed. Small. A.-S. forlcetan. V. Forleit. 
 
 UNFULYIT, Unfulyeit, Vnfulyeit, adj.. 
 Unsoiled ; hence unused, new, virgin. V. 
 Fulyie, Fulyeit. 
 
 Birdis hes ane better law na bernis be meikill, 
 
 That ilk yeir, with new icy, ioyis ane maik ; 
 
 And fangis thame ane fresche feyr, vnfulyeit and constant, 
 
 And lattis thair fulyeit feiris flie quliair thai pleis. 
 
 Dunbar, Tua Mar'iit Wemen, 1. 62. 
 
 UNGANG, s. V. DicT. 
 
 To the definition given in Dict. add the word 
 "circuit." The prefix in ungang, s., is ymh : the A.-S. 
 word being ymb-gang, a going round, a circuit, which 
 correctly describes the mode of fishing alluded to in 
 the quotation. For, in each shot, or shooting of the net, 
 the boat starts from one point of the shore and sweeps 
 round to another point a few yards distant, in order to 
 enclose the fish. Ane ungang, therefore, is a circuit or 
 going round, a range or sweep, an outgo or shot. 
 
 In the verb ungang, however, the prefix is different; 
 and the explanatory note under that term is correct 
 and sufficient. 
 
 UNHABLE, Vnhable, Wnhable, adj. 
 Unable ; Douglas, II. 106, 13, ed. Small. 
 
 UNHALIST, part.-pa. Y. Dict. 
 
 This is a misprint for Unhalsit ; see quotation. 
 UNHAP, Vnhap, s. Mishap, misfortune. 
 
 Frome sic unhap I pray God thee defend. 
 
 Lyndsay, Exhort, to King, 1. 1117. 
 Icel. happ, hap, chance, good luck. 
 
 UNHEILD, Unhelit, Vnhealiet, adj. 
 Uncovered, open, unreserved : also used as 
 an adv. in the sense of openly, unreservedly ; 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 448, Sp. C. V. 
 Unheild, v. 
 
 UNHELTHSUM, Unhalesum, Unhalsum, 
 adj. Unwholesome; Lyndsay, Thrie Es- 
 taitis, I. 4167. Icel. heilly hale. 
 
UNH 
 
 [253] 
 
 UNP 
 
 To UNHIDE, Un-hyde, Vnhide, v. a. To 
 take or bring out of hiding ; as applied to 
 the weather, to clear. 
 
 The wynde and the wedyrs than welken un-hydis ; 
 Than vnclosede the clowddis, the sone schane schene. 
 
 Awnt. Arthur e, st. 26. 
 
 The Douce MS. has " the welhjn unhides." See Note 
 under l^han. 
 
 UNHOLD, Vnhold, adv. Unbound, under 
 compulsion, not of good will ; Sir Tristrem, 
 1. 936, S. T. S. 
 
 UXHONEST, adj. Indecent, impure ; Abp. 
 Hamilton's Catechism, fol. 766. Addit. to 
 Unhonest, q. V. 
 
 UNKEND, Unkenn'd, Unkent, Vnkend, 
 adj. Unknown, unrecognised; Blame of 
 Kirkburiall, ch. 10. Still used in the sense 
 of undiscovered, unheard of, as in the ex- 
 pression, " unkend in our day ; " also in the 
 sense of strange, foreign, as in " unhent 
 folk," as applied to incomers to a district. 
 V. Ken. 
 
 Vnkend and misterful in desertis of Libia 
 I wandir, expellit frome Europe and Asya. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, it. 43, 14, ed. Small. 
 
 UNKNAWIN, Vnknaavin, part. pt. Un- 
 known; Kingis Quair, st. 105; being un- 
 known ; Ibid., St. 45, ed. Skeat. 
 Douglas used the form unhnaw : see DiCT. 
 
 UNKNYGHTLY, Vnknyghtly, adj. Un- 
 worthy of a knight, disgraceful. 
 
 Pity was to hear 
 The crueltee of that vnknyghtly dede. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 55, ed. Skeat. 
 
 UNKYND, Vnkinde, Vnkyndlie, adj. 
 Unnatural, hence, spiteful ; Sir Trist., 1. 
 2758 : " moving vnhyndlie weir," Douglas, 
 III. 66, 7, ed. Small. 
 
 Full deip ingravin in hir breist mkynd 
 The jugement of Paris, how that he 
 , Preferrit Venus, dispising hir bewte. 
 
 Ibid., a. 23, 26. 
 
 Unkyndlie, Vnkyndlie, adv. Unnaturally, 
 spitefully. 
 
 UNLACH, Vnlach, Vnlay, s. Fine. V. 
 Unlaw. 
 
 UNLAMYT, Vnlamyt, part. pt. Uninjured, 
 scathless ; Gol. and Gawane, 1. 442. 
 
 UNLAND, Onland, s. Untilled or unculti- 
 vated land, pasture land. Y. Onland. 
 
 " . . . terras arabiles lie corneland, terras non 
 arabiles lie unland . . , moris, marresiis, pratis, 
 terris non arabilibus lie unerd." Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot., 
 1546-1580, No. 2195. 
 
 UNLATTAE, Vnlattar, s. Opposer, hin- 
 derer, disregarded 
 
 " . . . and the town to be watchit in the nicht 
 tyme, . . . and the vnlattaris of this act in ony 
 point thairof to be wardit till they mak satisf actioun. " 
 Burgh Recs. Peebles, p. 374, Rec. Soc. 
 
 A.-S. ymb-, prefix, and letta7i, to hinder; M, E. 
 letten, 
 
 UNLEIFSUM, Unlesum, Vnleisum, adj. 
 Unlawful, forbidden ; Dunbar. V. Unle- 
 
 FULL. 
 
 Unleifsumlie, adv. Unlawfully ; Lyndsay, 
 The Dreme, 1. 230. 
 
 UNLEIRIT, adj. Unlearned, ignorant; Abp. 
 Hamilton's Catechism, fol. 46. V. Lair, 
 Lare. 
 
 UNLELE, Ynlele, adj. Disloyal ; Gol. and 
 Gawane, 1. 1107. Addit. to Unleill, q. v. 
 
 UNLUSUM, Unlufsum, Vnlussum, adj. 
 Uncourteous, unseemly : '^ vnlussum lates," 
 unseemly manners ; Gol. and Gawane, 1. 95. 
 Addit. to Unlussum, q. v. 
 
 UNMAIST, adv. A corr. of timmaist, i.e., 
 umest, umaist, uppermost, foremost. V, 
 Umast, adj. 
 
 "That thair baneris of baith the saidis craftis be 
 paynitt with the imagis, figuris, aud armis of the web- 
 staris, and principalie becaus thai ar found the eldar 
 craft . . . thair signe of the spule to be vnmaisC 
 in ilk baner." Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, 1509, i. 122, 
 Rec. Soc. 
 
 UNMANYEIT, Unmenyeit, adj. Un- 
 maimed, unhurt ; Dunbar. V. Manyied. 
 
 UNMEIT, Wnmeit, adj. Unequal ; Douglas, 
 II. 110, 28, ed. Small. 
 
 UNMERCIABLE, Vnmerciable, adj. Un- 
 merciful, unkind, cruel, merciless. V. Mer- 
 ciable. 
 
 Than woxe I sa vnmerciable to martir him I thought. 
 
 Dunbar, Tua Mariit Wemen, 1. 329. 
 Quhen he repentis be nocht unmerciable, 
 Bot hym ressave agane rycht tenderlye. 
 
 Lyndsay, Exper. and Court., 1. 2563. 
 
 UNMESURLY, adv. and adj. Without 
 measure; as an adj. disproportionate, as in 
 " of schap vmnesurly ; " Douglas, Virgil, II. 
 247, 22, ed. Small. 
 
 UNOURCUMABLE, adj. Invincible, un- 
 conquerable ; Dunbar. 
 
 UNPERMIXED, Unpermyxte, adj. Un- 
 mixed, completely separate, distinct. 
 
 "This Christ, the very Sone of God, and very God 
 and very man also, . . . hauynge two natures 
 unpermyxte and one deuyne person," &c. Conf. of 
 Faith of Swiss Churches, p. 15, Wodrow Soc. Misc. 
 
 Lat. un, not, perr)\ixtus, mingled. 
 
 UNPISSILIT, Unpysalt, adj. Unre- 
 strained in lust, unpizzled ; unpysalt^ Lynd- 
 say, Thrie Estaitis, 1. 2767. 
 
UNP 
 
 [254] 
 
 UNS 
 
 Bot Secularis wantis that lybertie, 
 The quhilk ar bound ia mariage ; 
 Bot thay, lyke rammis in to thair rage, 
 Unpissilit rynnis amang the yowis, 
 So lang as Nature in thame growis. 
 
 Lyndsay, Exper. and Court., 1. 4702. 
 
 Reference is here made to a custom still common in 
 pastoral districts where the rams and ewes graze to- 
 gether. For some time before the coupling season each 
 ram is furnished with an apron, called a pizzle-cloth, 
 which is tied over its belly to prevent it getting at the 
 ewes too early. In this state the rams are said to be 
 pizzled. At the proper time for copulation these aprons 
 are removed, and the rams are allowed to have free in- 
 tercourse with the ewes : they are then said to be un- 
 pizzled, as in the passage quoted above. 
 
 UNPLANE, Vnplane, adj. Lit. uneven; 
 hence false, untrue, deceitful, lying. 
 
 The plesand toungis with hartis unplane. 
 For to consider is ane pane. 
 
 Dunhar, Warldis Instdbilitie, L 11. 
 
 UNPONEIST, part. adj. Unpunished; 
 Douglas, II. 29, 31, ed. Small. 
 
 UNPROSTITUDE, adj. Un prostituted, un- 
 corrupted, perfect : " vnprostitude chastity ;" 
 Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 17. 
 
 UNPEOVISIT, adj. Unprovided, unpro- 
 vided for; "unprovisit deid," unexpected 
 death; Lyndsay, Tragedie of the Cardinall, 
 1. 307. Also, unforeseen, unpremeditated ; 
 " unprovisit slauchteris," accidental mur- 
 ders; Burgh Eecs. Peebles, 1562, p. 280, 
 Rec. Soc. 
 Lat. un, not, and provisus, foreseen, provided for. 
 
 Unprovisitlie, Vnprowysitlie, adv. Un- 
 advisedly, rashly, recklessly ; Douglas, 
 III. 20, 6, ed. Small. 
 
 UNQUESTIONATE, Vnquestionate, 
 adj. and adv. Unquestioned, without ques- 
 tion. 
 
 The maister portare, callit pacience, 
 That frely lete vs in, vnquestionate. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 125, ed. Skeat. 
 
 UNQUYT, Unquat, adj. Unfinished, un- 
 settled, unpaid ; Dunbar. 
 
 UNREDE, Unhide, adj. V. Dict. 
 
 The etym. of this word is not ungereod, nor ungeridu, 
 but ungeryd. See geryd, ready, in Bos worth and Tol- 
 ler's A.-S, Dict. 
 
 UNREST, Onrest, a. Unrest, ceaseless or 
 anxious striving ; also, whatever causes un- 
 rest or disquiet : pi. unrestis, onrestisj wor- 
 lies, troubles, misfortunes. 
 
 Be sa feil wynterys blastis and tempestis, 
 Be al the wayis noysum and vnrestis. 
 And all that horribil was, or yit heuy, 
 Woful, hidduous. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, 456, 53, Rudd. 
 In Small's ed. onrestis, which by mistake is rendered 
 " restless " in Gloss. 
 
 UNRICHT, Vnrycht, adj. as adv. Wrongly, 
 unjustly, unfairly. V. [Unricht]. 
 
 Ye may with honesty persew, 
 
 Gif ye be constand, trest, and trew, 
 
 Thocht than vnrycht thay on you rew, 
 
 Ressoun ; 
 Bot be ye fund dowbill, adew, 
 
 Tressoun. 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 42, ed. 1882. 
 
 UNRIDE, Unruyd, Unryde, adj. Unres- 
 trained, boundless; hence savage, cruel, 
 dreadful, horrible, terrible. V. Unrede, 
 Unrude. 
 
 These forms occur repeatedly in the Allit. Rom. 
 Alexander, in Sir Tristrem, and in the Gawane Ro- 
 mances. See notes under Unrede and Unrude. 
 
 Unridely, Unruydly, adv. Cruelly, hor- 
 ribly, dreadfully, furiously ; Allit. Rom. 
 Alex., 1. 638, 566. 
 
 UNRINGIT, Vnryngit, Wnryngyt, pari, 
 pt. Unringed, i.e., not having a ring in the 
 snout. 
 
 " For the wrangwis worthyne of thar swyne and 
 wnryngyt." Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 1510, p. 42, 
 Mait. C. 
 
 UNROCKIT, Unroikkit, adj. Reckless; 
 used also as an adv., rashly, wildy ; " Thow 
 ravis u7irockit;" Lyndsay, Papyngo, 1. 969. 
 
 "Schir, be the Rude, unroikkit now ye raif." 
 
 Henryson, The Foxe and the Wolf, L 116. 
 A.-S. r4can, to care : formed from a noun with base 
 rdc; care, in M. H. Ger. ruoch ; whence ruochen, to 
 reck, and in 0. H. Ger. rdhhjan. See Skeat's Etym. 
 Dict. s. V. Meek. 
 
 O. Norse, uroekja, to be careless ; Fritzner. 
 
 UNRYCHT, adj., adv., and s. V. Unricht. 
 
 UNRYDE, Unruyd, adj. Y. Unrede, Un- 
 rude. 
 
 UNRYPIT, Vnrypit, part. pt. Un- 
 ripened ; used also as an adj., as in " vnrypit 
 fruyte," Kingis Quair, st. 14, ed. Skeat. 
 
 UNSAWIN, Unsawn, adj. Unsown, un- 
 cultivated. V. Saw. 
 
 To teill the ground that hes bene lang unsavnn, 
 
 Lyndsay, Thrie Estaitis, 1. 1601. 
 
 UNSEKIR, Vnsekir, adj. Insecure ; 
 Kingis Quair, st. 6, ed. Skeat. V. 
 Unsikker. 
 
 Unsekernesse, Vnsekernesse, s. Inse- 
 curity ; Ibid., st. 15. 
 
 UNSELDE, Vnselde, adv. Not seldom; 
 Sir Tristrem, 1. 2313, S.T.S. V. Seldyn. 
 
 UNSELY, Vncely, adj. Mischievous. V. 
 Unsel. 
 
UNS 
 
 [255] 
 
 UPB 
 
 UNSET, Unsete, Vnsete, adj. Unbounded, 
 unlimited, extreme ; also, unbearable. 
 
 His sorwe was vnsete. 
 
 Sir Tristrem, 1. 1238, S.T.S, 
 
 UNSIVERIT, Vnsyvekit, adj. Unsevered, 
 not separated; Douglas, III., 248, 11, ed. 
 Small. 
 0. Fr. sevrer, from Lat. separare, to separate, sever. 
 
 UNSMART, adj. Slow, dull, spiritless, as 
 
 applied to a person ; slack, limp, springless, 
 
 as applied to an object. 
 
 For as we se, ane bow that is ay bent, 
 
 Worthis unsmart and dullis on the string. 
 
 Henryson, Prol. to Fables, 1, 23. 
 
 A.-S. smeortan, to smart, ache ; smart, adj. originally 
 meant painful, also pungent, brisk, lively. 
 
 UNSOCHT, Unsoght, adj. V. Unsaucht. 
 
 UNSOUND, s. Trouble, sorrow. Addit. to 
 Unsound, q. v. 
 
 Unsound, Vnsound, adj. Sorrowful; also 
 
 used as an adv., sorrowfully, as in " thai 
 
 sighit vnsound;" Gol. and Gawane, 1, 638. 
 
 Vnsound is similarly used in Sir Tristrem, 1. 1175, 
 3342. 
 
 Unsoundly, adv. Sorrowfully, with sad and 
 
 anxious heart. 
 UNSOUPIT, adj. Unsupped, supperless; 
 
 Dunbar and Kennedie, 1. 382, S. T. S. 
 
 UNSPAYND, Vnspaynit, Vnspeynit, adj. 
 Unweaned, sucking ; Dunbar, p. 248, ed. 
 Small, S. T. S. V. Spain, v, 
 
 UNSPECKIT, adj. Unsuspected, unlooked 
 for ; Sempill Ballates, p. 128. 
 
 UNSTONAIT, Ynstonait, adj. Unamazed, 
 not confounded ; Gol. and Gawane, 1, 642. 
 V. Stonay, v. 
 
 UNSURE, adj. Uncertain, unsafe, risky, 
 dangerous; Reg. Privy Council, vii. 709, 
 Sc. Recs. 
 
 UNTHANKES, Vnthankis, Onthanks, s. 
 pi. Displeasure, hatred ; '' at myn vn- 
 thankes," in opposition to my will ; Awnt. 
 Arthure, 33, 8. 
 
 A.-S. unthances, perforce. 
 
 UNTHRALL, adj. Unenthralled, unsub- 
 
 jected ; Lyndsay, Papyngo, 1. 924. 
 
 0. Northumbrian tliroel, from Icel. thrmll, a thrall, 
 serf. See Skeat's Etym. Diet., s. v. TJirall. 
 
 UNTOUNIS, Vntounis, adj. Not living in 
 
 or belonging to the town : " untounis man" 
 
 a stranger or non-residenter. 
 
 '* . . . sail be sauld to ony frieman befoir an 
 rntounw man." Burgh Recs. Pi-estwick, 22 Oct., 1601, 
 p. 85, Mait. C. 
 
 UNWAFTED, part. adj. Unwoven, unfilled 
 with %oaft or woof. V. Waft. 
 
 "If there be a web consisting of more lenth then 
 one pair, ilk weaver is to leave the bounds of a large 
 inch at the end of ilk pair unwafted, that the foresaid 
 lenth may be the better observed." Burgh Recs. 
 Stirling, 1662, p. 239. 
 
 UN WARS, Unwarse, Unwarly, Unwerly, 
 adv. Unawares, unprepared, without warn- 
 ing ; at unwarse, by surprise, Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, I, 3, Rec. Soc. ; univerly, Lynd- 
 say, Exper. and Court., 1. 3466. V. Unwar. 
 
 A.-S. un, not, and war, cautious. Cf. Icel. varligr, 
 safe, 
 
 UNWEETING, Onweetin, adj. Unwitting, 
 unknowing : unknown, involuntary ; " un- 
 weeting groan," involuntary groan ; Burns. 
 E. unwitting. 
 
 UNWERLY, adv. V. Unwars. 
 
 UNWINNE, adj. Lit. not to be mastered or 
 cured, incurable. Errat. in DiCT., q. v. 
 
 Jamieson's defin., " unpleasant," is evidently unsuit- 
 able. The win of which this term is compounded means 
 to conquer, as in xcinning, conquest : hence, unwinne, 
 invincible, incurable, as given in Gloss. Sir Tristrem, 
 S. T. S. 
 
 UNWORDY, Unvordy, Vndvordy, adj. 
 Unworthy, unbecoming, unfit ; Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, L 285, Sp. C. V. 
 Wordy. 
 
 To UNYARK, Unyerk, v. a. To unbind, 
 unbar, throw open, set free. V. Yark, 
 Yerk. 
 
 Than yode thai furthe and unyarkid the yates of the cite. 
 Allit. Ram. Alexander, 1. 3210. 
 
 UP ALAND, Upalond, Yp aland, s. A 
 
 rustic, countryman. Addit. to Up-a-land, 
 
 q. V. 
 
 " Pero, vpalands shoone;" Duncan's App. Etym., 
 1595, ed. Small, E. D. S. 
 
 UPART, VPART, adv. Upwards, higher 
 up. 
 
 " The male merket of all grane and comes fra the 
 Tolbuth vp to Liberton's Wynde ; also fra thine vpart 
 to the treves the merket of all cottone claith." Burgh 
 Recs. Edin., 1477, L, 35, Rec, Soc. 
 
 To UPBOLT, Wpbolt, v. n. To shoot up, 
 rise to the surface ; part. pt. upboltit, risen 
 to the surface ; Douglas, II. 234,14, ed. 
 Small. 
 
 To UPBRAID, Ypbrade, v. n. To spring 
 or leap up, rush up. Y. Brade, Braid. 
 
 Syne stickis dry to kendle thar about laid is, 
 Quhill all in flamb the bleis of fyir uphradis. 
 
 Douglas Virgil, II. 32, 10, ed. Small. 
 A.-S. hregdan, brcedan, to move quickly; Icel. bi-ej' 
 dha, from bragdh, a quick motion. See Vigfusson. 
 
UPD 
 
 [256] 
 
 URE 
 
 UPDOST, Vpdost, part. pt. Got up, dressed, 
 decked ; " all in duddis vpdost ;" Dunbar 
 and Kennedie, 1. 384. V. Doss, v. 
 
 To UPDR.Y, V. a. To dry up, evaporate ; 
 Lyndsay, Papyngo, 1. 138. 
 
 To UPHIE, VriiiK, v. a. To uphold, keep 
 up ; Dunbar, I Cry the Mercy, 1. 52. Addit. 
 to Up-He, q. V. 
 
 UPLY, Uplie, Vplie, adj. Lit., lofty, high ; 
 lifting : iiplie-stane, the uplifting or leaping- 
 on stone, a stone in the form of a step for 
 assisting a rider to mount on horseback. 
 
 *' . . . fra the vplie stane till Lord Borthikes 
 cloise." Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, 1530-1, ii, 46, Rec. 
 Soc. 
 
 Also called loply stane, i.e. leaping-on stone: "fra the 
 Loplystane till Lord Boirthwikis clos." Ibid., 1531, 
 ii. 51, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Prob. from A.-S. uplic, lofty, high. 
 
 UPON, Vpon, Wpon, Apon, prep. Among, 
 to. 
 
 " . . . ony of the said craft that byis ony fawin 
 flecht or ony falty flecht to tap apon nebouris, &c." 
 Burgh Recs. Stirling, 28 April, 1522. 
 
 This use of upon occurs frequently in these Re- 
 cords, and always after the verb tap, to retail, sell 
 in small quantities. 
 
 UPPERMAIE, Vppermair, adj. and s. 
 Upper, higher ; the higher point, place, or 
 particular. 
 
 Weil I considderit na vppermair I micht, 
 And to discend, sa hiddeous was the hicht, 
 I durst not auenture. 
 
 Douglas, Police of Honour, pt. 3, 1. 40. 
 The word is still used in both senses. 
 
 UPPLANE, adj. Rustic, outspoken. V. 
 Uplands. 
 
 Tims sang ane bird with voce vpplane, 
 " All erdly joy retnrnis in paue. " 
 
 Du7ibar, p. 76, ed. Small, S. T. S. 
 
 To UPREILL, Upwrele, v. a. V. Up- 
 wreile. 
 
 UPRENT, Wprent, part. pt. Torn up; 
 Douglas, II. 119, 32, ed. Small. 
 
 To UPRIGHT, Vpricht, Wpricht, v. a. 
 To deal justly by one, or to see that justice 
 is done to him; to indemnify, compensate. 
 
 The lord or master was bound to upricht his vassal 
 or servant ; and the parties engaged in bargain-making 
 were bound to upricht each other. 
 
 "Theman, goldsmycht, sal deliuer it [a quarter 
 noble] agayn to the saide Thomas Ryburne, and he to 
 content Theman of v s. vi d. agayn, that he gaf him 
 for it, sen it was nocht lachfuU nor suflBciande to pass 
 for payment na werk, and the forsaide Thomas til sok 
 til his warande, gif he hafe ony, til vpricht him." 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 146.3, i. 26, Sp. C. That is, 
 the said Thomas may fall back upon the person from 
 whom he got the coin, and compel him to give satis- 
 facti'in. See under Sok, v. 
 
 The sense ** to indemnify or compensate " is implied 
 by the term as used in the following passage : — 
 
 "Johne Besat chalausit Androw Atkin as he that 
 hyrit a meyr of his, and Androw Murra yungar for 
 the spilling and hurting of hir in the ryding of hir, 
 throw the quhilkis he wants his mere, and that the 
 saidis persons acht til tvpricht and assith him for hir. " 
 Ibid. 1480, p. 411. 
 
 UPRIGHT, adj. In golfing this term is ap- 
 plied to a club whose head is at nearly a 
 right angle to the shaft : see Golfer's Hand- 
 book. 
 
 To UPROSS, Uproos, v. a. To rouse, stir 
 
 up, move. 
 
 It wald vpross ane hart of stone. 
 To se me lost for lufe of one 
 That suld be myne. 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 51, ed. 1882. 
 
 Swed. rusa, Dan. ruse, to rush ; M. E. rusen, to rush 
 out. When a stag broke from covert it was said to 
 rouse. However, it is chiefly used as an active verb in 
 the sense of stirring up to instant or vigorous action. 
 V. Wedgwood, and Skeat, s. v. 
 
 UPSETTER, 5. Elevator : " npsetteris to the 
 ordinance," elevators of the Host in services 
 of the Catholic Church ; Invent. St. Salv. 
 College, Mait. Club Misc., IH. 201. 
 
 UPSPRED, Vpspred, part. pt. Outspread, 
 spread, opened. 
 
 New vpspred vpon spray, as new spynist rose. 
 
 Dunbar, Tua Mariitl Wenien, 1. 29. 
 
 To UPTAK, Vptak, UpTA,.t?. a. To take 
 up; Douglas, II. 126, 2, ed. Small: be- 
 gin, lead ; '' to uptak the psalms," to lead 
 the psalmody, to precent or act as precen- 
 tor. Addit. to Uptak. 
 
 "Hiaj'eirlie stepend ior vptaJcing of the psalmes in 
 the kirk, and eruditioun of the youth-heid in the art 
 of musik." Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, iv. 126, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Uptaker, Vptaker, s. Collector; leader; 
 " uptaker oi the psalms," leader of the psal- 
 mody, precentor ; Burgh Recs. Stirling, p. 
 150, 153, 240. 
 
 To UPWARP, V. a. To cast, toss, or drive 
 
 up ; to haul up ; Douglas, Virgil, II. 1 55j 
 
 1, ed. Small. 
 
 A.-S. weorpan, werpan, to cast; Goth, wairpan, 
 Icel. varpa. 
 
 UPWAXING, Wpwaxing, part. pr. Grow- 
 ing up ; Douglas, n. 192, 3, ed. Small. 
 
 UPWITH, Vpwith, Vp-with, s. Point of 
 action or attack ; " at the vp-with" at the 
 pinch. 
 
 All is hot frutlese his effeir, and falyeis at the vp-with. 
 Dunbar, Tuu Mariit Wemen, 1. 401. 
 
 URE, Ore, Eyre, s. An ounce : the funda- 
 mental unit of all Orkneyan valuation. 
 Addit. to Ure, q. v. 
 
URE 
 
 [267] 
 
 UTT 
 
 The ure is the eighth part of a merk ; and when used 
 as a denomination of land- value it is a contr. for Uris- 
 land, q. v. 
 
 Ueisland, s. a denomination of land- value 
 equal to one-eighth of a raarkland, or eigh- 
 teen penny-lands. 
 
 URE, s. A kind of haze, &c. V. DiCT. 
 
 In his explanation of this term Jamieson refers to 
 Lye's "A.-S. urig, canus, hoary." It is important to 
 observe that Lye's statement is wrong. The A.-S. 
 word is i'lrig, and the sense is ' dewy. ' Cf . ure, sweat, 
 p. 682 of Vol. IV. DiCT. 
 
 To UEN, V. a. V. Dict. 
 
 Urn is simply another form of em, to which Jamie- 
 son refers ; and the etym. which he suggests, but at 
 the same time doubts, is quite correct. Yern, em, 
 earn, and urn are corruptions of the M. E. ermen, to 
 grieve, from A. -S. yrman, to grieve ; formed from the 
 adj. earm, poor, miserable, wretched. V. Skeat's 
 Etym. Diet., s. v. Yearn. 
 
 URUSUM, Vrusum, adj. Restless: ''the 
 vrusum fleis;" Douglas, Virgil, 450, 6, Rudd. 
 
 Delete the definition given in Dict. under Uristjm ; 
 for the sense is simply restless (See note in Dict.), and 
 the allusion is to the ceaseless movement of flies in the 
 air. Cf. Icel. tird, unrest, restlessness ; Vigfusson. 
 
 The form iirisum on which Ruddiman based his etym. 
 does not occur in the passage quoted for it ; vrusum is 
 the reading of his text, and also of the Elph. MS. See 
 Small's ed., iv., 170. 
 
 USANS, s. Usage, custom, use. 
 
 And tliair entrallis behald flekkir and stair. 
 According the aid usans to that effect. 
 Sum augury to persaif or gud aspect. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, ii. 179, 1, ed. Small. 
 L. Lat. usancia, custom ; from usare. 
 
 USCHERE, YscHERE, s. An usher, a door- 
 keeper; Kingis Quair, st. 97, ed. Skeat. 
 
 V. HUSCHER. 
 
 0. Fr. ussier, uissier, and later huissier, an usher or 
 door-keeper ; see Cotgrave. Formed from Lat. ostiarius, 
 a doorkeeper, a der. from Lat. ostium, a door : the 0. 
 Fr. form for which was huis. 
 
 Usher, a door-keeper, is a different word from usher, 
 a servant who walks before a person of rank : the 
 latter term being formed from Lat. exire, to go forth 
 or before, through the 0. Fr. issir. See Ische, and 
 Ush. 
 
 To USH, USHE, USCHE, VSCHE, V. a. 1. 
 
 To clean, cleanse, empty ; " to ushe the 
 belly." 
 
 2. To usher or walk before a person of rank : 
 hence, to lead, guide. Addit. to Ushe, 
 UsCHE, q. V. 
 
 I'll gar our guidman trow 
 
 That I'm gaun to die, 
 If he winna fee to me 
 
 Valets twa or three, 
 To bear my train up frae the dirt. 
 
 And %ish me through the town ; 
 Stand about, ye fisher jauds. 
 
 And gie my gown room. 
 
 Song, Til Gar our Guidman Trow. 
 
 (Sup.) 
 
 I 2 
 
 UscHER, VscHERE, s. A Servant who walks 
 
 before a person of rank. 
 
 In times not yet remote the provost and magistrates 
 marched to church on Sunday in a body, and were 
 ushered or preceded by the town-officers in their 
 official dress bearing their halberts : this procession 
 was called "the town-council and ushers." This old 
 custom gradually died out after the Disruption of 1843. 
 
 USHIE, USCHIE, USCHIN, VSCHAW, S. Issue, 
 emptying; generally used in pi. ushies, 
 use/lies, uschins, v schawls, and applied to 
 cleansings or emptyings of every kind 
 thrown out as refuse. 
 
 "Item, it is statute and ordanit . . . thatna 
 fleschourig teyme thair vschaicis [i.e. filth from the 
 entrails of animals which they have killed] vpone the 
 foirgate, vnder the pane of viij s. ilk fait, vnforgewin." 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 1574, i. 25, Rec. Soc. 
 
 0. Fr-. issir, ' ' to issue ; to goe or depart out, to flow 
 forth ;" Cotgr. From Lat. exire, to go out or forth. 
 
 However, some of our best scholars believe that the 
 verb ush was formed from the noun usher, and got 
 mixed up with the verb to ish ; and that hence arose 
 the popular etymology of usher from ish. 
 
 USQUEBAE, UsQUEBA, Usquebaugh, s. 
 
 Whisky; Burns, Tam o' Shanter, Jolly 
 
 Beggars. 
 
 Gael, uisge heatha, also uisge na beatha, water of life, 
 aqua vitae. V. M'Leod and Dewar. 
 
 USUCAPION, s. Proprietary right acquired 
 or established by long and uninterrupted 
 possession ; Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 19. 
 Lat. usucapio. 
 
 UTASS, Wtast, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Only the form ivtast is a corruption ; utas is from a 
 Norman French word corresponding to 0. Fr. oitauves, 
 octaves ; from Lat. octo, eight. Cf. 0. Fr, ait, oyt, uit 
 ( Mod. Fr. huit), as given in Burguy. 
 
 UTEUCHT, adv. Outside. V. Utouth. 
 
 UTGAE, Vtgan, s. Outgoing. V. Out- 
 gait, Outgang. 
 
 UTINLAND, Wtinland, s. The pasture 
 
 ground, or common, lying outside of the 
 
 arable land of a township. 
 
 ". . . heretable infeftment of thair landis quhilk 
 are tei liable, and wtinland to be sowmit by gersing." 
 Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 1579-80, p. 78, Mait. C. 
 
 UTRID, Vtrid, part. pt. Uttered; ^^vtrid 
 be measure," Kingis Quair, st. 132, ed. 
 Skeat. 
 
 UTTER, Uter, Vtter, Vter, adj. 1. Ex- 
 treme, greatest, utmost : " vter power," ut- 
 most power or ability; Burgh Recs. Edin- 
 burgh, III. 233, Rec. Soc. 
 
 2. Outer, outward : *' the uter door." 
 
 "Femur, the vtter part of the thigh:" Duncan's 
 App. Etym., 1595, ed. Small, E. D. S. 
 
 A,-S. utor, Mtor, outer, utter; compar. oiut, out. 
 
UTY 
 
 [258] 
 
 VAL 
 
 Utyrans, Vtyrrans, s. v. Uterance. 
 
 UVERING, UviRiNG, TJvRiN, s. A cover- 
 ing, bedcover. 
 
 "In a record of 13th Dec. 1657, John Bickerton is 
 spoken of as a worker of uvirings, and John and 
 William Williamson are designated by their trade of 
 braboners [i.e. weavers]. 
 
 " Uviring from nver, upper, is evidently a covering, 
 the weaving of which, in woollen onlj', ceased to be 
 practised in Newburgh towards the end of the first 
 
 quarter of the present century." Laing, Lindores 
 Abbey and Newburgh, p. 240. 
 
 UVERMAST, UviRMESt, adj. Uppermost, 
 highest : " the uvirmest lychtis," the highest 
 windows ; Burgh Recs. Stirhng, 29 April, 
 1549. y. Umast. 
 
 UXTER, s. The armpit. V. Oxter. 
 UYTE, Vyit, s. and v. V. Wite. 
 
 V. 
 
 VACAND, Vacans, s. Vacancy. V. under 
 Vake. 
 
 VADDLE, Vaadle, s. A shallow pool, a 
 pool at the head of a bay that fills and 
 empties with the flowing and ebbing of the 
 sea. Gl. Shetland. 
 
 "On each side oozy pools or creeks replenished 
 every tide, named vaddles, find for themselves channels 
 among irregular brown hills of heath." Hibbart's 
 Shetland, p. 540. 
 
 Dan. vad, a ford, shallow pool : lit. a wading-place ; 
 Swed. vad, Icel. vath, A. -S. weed. Cf . Lat. vadum : 
 but Dan. vad has not come from Lat. V. Vigfusson. 
 
 To VAGE, V. 
 
 To wander. V. Vaig. 
 
 Vager, Yagar, s. a vagabond ; Lyndsay, 
 Thrie Estaitis, 1. 3004. 
 
 VAIFF, Vaff, s. a signal flag, a signal. 
 V. Wait. 
 
 To VAIK, V. n. To wake, watch. V. Vake. 
 
 To VAIL, Vaile, Vaill, Vale, Vailyie, 
 Valyie, v. a. and n. To avail, to be of 
 value or service, to serve, benefit, profit; 
 Lyndsay, Thrie Estaitis, 1. 355. 
 
 The Cat cummis and to the mous has ee. 
 What vaillis than thy feist and rialtie. 
 Henryson, Ujiland Mous and Surges Mous, 1. 224. 
 Bet all in vane, it vailyeit him na thing. 
 
 Ibvd., Lyoun and Mous, L 122. 
 
 Vail, Vaile, s. Extent, space. Addit. to 
 Vale, q. v. 
 
 "The vaile of xxxv" fud [i.e. feet] at the forepart of 
 breid." Burgh Recs. Prestwick, p. 19, Mait. C. 
 
 O. Fr. valoir, valer, to be of use or worth ; from Lat. 
 valere, to be strong. 
 
 VAIRSCALL, «. V. DiCT. 
 
 Most prob. this is a misreading of Vaiestall. In 
 many MSS. the letters c and t are exactly alike. See 
 under Warestall, Wair Almerie. 
 
 VAIT, Vate, pres. Know. V. under 
 Wait, Wait. 
 
 To VAKE, Vaik, Vace. I. Asa v. n.; to 
 
 grow or become empty ; Lyndsay, Compl. 
 to King, 1. 188 ; to disperse, to be dis- 
 missed : as, " When the kirk vaiks" i.e. 
 when the church is emptying or emptied, or 
 when the people disperse or are dismissed. 
 Also, to be closed or shut for a time : as, 
 " The school vahis for the hairst," i.e. it is 
 closed during that season. 
 
 2. As a V. a.; to vacate, retire or withdraw 
 from ; also to empty, as, " He vaikit the 
 kirk," i.e. he scattered the congregation. 
 Addit. to Vaik, q. v. 
 
 Vakand, Vaiking, Vacand, part. Falling 
 
 or becoming vacant ; leaving, going out of, 
 
 giving up, as '* vaiking his shop." 
 
 " He sal be present and put in and to the first ser- 
 vice that sal hapyn vacand in thair gouernans. " Burgh 
 Recs. Peebles, 1458, p. 126, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Vaken, Vaiken, Vacand, Vacans, s. Va- 
 cancy; vacation, as in " the school vacans ;" 
 pi. vacands, Lyndsay, Thrie Estaitis, 1. 998. 
 
 ' ' Nixt vaJcen that fallis within the towne of Peblis, 
 that the said Thomas sones sail haif the samin." Burgh 
 Recs. Peebles, 1567, p. 306, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Lat. vacuus, empty ; vacare, to be empty ; vacuare, 
 to make empty. 
 
 VALD, s. Dyer's weed. V. Wald. 
 VALE, Valyie, v. and s. V. Vailj v. 
 To VALE, v. n. V. Dict. 
 
 Not from Fr. devaller, as suggested; but from O. Fr. 
 avaller, which Cotgrave renders ' ' to let, put, lay, cast, 
 fell downe ; to let fall downe." Hence vale is short 
 for avale. See Gloss. Kingis Quair, ed. Skeat. 
 
 VALENTINE'S DEAL, Valentine's 
 Dealing, s. The choosing of sweethearts 
 on St. Valentine's Day, Feb. 14th. The 
 names of the various members of the 
 company were written on separate slips, 
 
VAL 
 
 259] 
 
 VEI 
 
 and were then selected by lot : and the 
 person whose name was so drawn was the 
 drawer's valentine for the year: Burns. 
 See under Valentine in Halliwell's Diet. 
 
 To VALK, V. a. V. Dict. 
 
 Valh should be vahh. The form arose from mis- 
 reading the old symbol for hk as Ik. Even to a 
 practised eye the symbols look almost exactly alike. 
 
 VANEGLOIR, s. Vain-glory, vanity; 
 Henryson, Chantecleir and Foxe, 1. 78. 
 Yv. vaine-gloire. 
 
 VANGELL, s. Short for evangell, the 
 gospel : sometimes used as an adj., as in 
 "the vangell lettrin"; Invent. St. Salv. 
 Col. St. Andrews, Mait. Club Misc., III. 
 201. Y. Evangell 
 
 To VANT, V. a. To vaunt, brag of 
 Douglas, Virgil, II. 57, 9, ed. Small. 
 
 Vant, s. a vaunt, boasting. 
 
 To Vant and Voky ye beir this rowm slef ; 
 Bid thame thairin that thai tak thair hyre. 
 
 Douglas, King Hart, i. 119, 23, ed. Small. 
 
 Vantour, s. a vaunter, bragger ; Ibid. 11. 
 
 170, 8. Fr. vanteur. 
 
 O. Fr. se vanter, to boast, brag ; from L. Lat. 
 vanitare, to speak vanity. 
 
 VARDOUR, Vardur, Verdour, Verdar, s. 
 V. Wardour. 
 
 VARESTAW, s. V. Warestall. 
 
 VARIANCE, s. Contradiction-; Kingis 
 Quair, st. 161, ed. Skeat. V. Variant. 
 
 VARIORUM, s. Constant change, continual 
 variation, medley. 
 
 Life is all a variorum, 
 
 We regard not how it goes ; 
 
 Let them cant about decorum, 
 
 Who have characters to lose. 
 
 Burns, Jolly Beggars. 
 From Lat. variorum, gen. pi. olvarium, varied. 
 
 VARITE, s. Verity, truth. 
 
 Blind ignorance me gaif sic hardiness 
 To argone so agane the varite. 
 
 Dunbar, Bann. MS., fol. 284a. 
 Fr. virit6, from Lat. Veritas, truth. 
 
 VARKLUME, s. V. Warkloom. 
 To VARRAY, v. a, V. Dict. 
 
 Varray for warray. See Wabray, Werray. 
 
 VATH, 5. V. Dict. 
 
 To the etym. given in Dict. prefix Icel. vdthi a 
 danger, peril. 
 
 To VAUCE, V. a. V. Dict. 
 
 Ruddiman's etym. for this term is unsuitable. 
 Rather from 0. Fr. faulser, to falsify, forge ; also 
 Ja,ulser un escu, to pierce a shield ; whence fauM, 
 pierced. When used in this sense the verb was also 
 
 written fausser. Both forms are from Lat. falsare, to 
 falsify, from Lat. falsus, false. See under Faucet in 
 Skeat's Etym. Dict. 
 
 VAUDIE, Vady, Wadie, Wady, adj. The 
 meanings and quotations given in the DiCT. 
 should be arranged thus : — 
 
 1. Great, strong, powerful. 
 
 Cummers sled and hurl'd as weel 
 On ice, as ony vady chieL 
 
 Pipvr of Peebles, p. 7. 
 
 2. Proud, vain, gay, elated. 
 
 Then all the giglets, young and gaudy 
 
 Sware I might be wady. 
 
 Forbes's Dominie Deposed, p. 40. 
 
 3. Merry, gay, cheerful. 
 
 Thus must we be sad, whilst the traitors are vavdie. 
 Till we get a sight o' our ain bonny laddie. 
 
 Jacobite Relics, ii. 70. 
 
 She says I'm glad 'at ye're sa wadie. 
 Ye sat sae douff an' dowie a' day 
 Wi' me the ben. 
 
 W. Beattie's Poems, p. 7. 
 
 Dr. Jamieson must have been strangely misled 
 regarding the term vaudie, when he associated it with 
 E. gaudy, der. from Lat. gaudere. Even granting that 
 vaudie retains its Gothic form, no Lat. g ever becomes 
 V or w in Eng. ; and though Teut. w may answer to 
 Eng. g, there can be no connection between these two 
 words. 
 
 Most prob. vaudie has come from Icel. vbldugr, O. 
 Icel. valdugr, powerful, strong, and secondarily proud, 
 as in Icel. volduliga, proudly. This would give a form 
 waldy, which certainly would become waudy, vaudy, 
 wady, vady, as in the passages quoted. 
 
 VAUTE, Vawt, Volte, Voult, Voute, 
 VowTE, s. A vault, secret chamber, den ; 
 a vaulted roof, an arch. 
 
 "With ane lang transe voult betuixt the thrie 
 voultes." Burgh liecs. Aberdeen, ii. 339, Sp. C. 
 
 "Made vp little caues or voltes for buriall vse " ; 
 Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. x. 
 
 ' ' Fornix, a vawt or bordell house " ; Duncan's App. 
 Etym., 1595, ed. Small, E. D. S. 
 
 " Camera, a vowte ;" Ibid. 
 
 To Vaute, Vawt, Voult, Voute, Vowte, 
 Woute, v. a. To vault, arch, roof. 
 
 " And sail voidt oner the nethermest voultis the 
 hight of the tolbuith fluir." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 
 1616, ii. 338, Sp. C. 
 
 " Sal mak and voute v chapellis'on the south syde of 
 the paryce kyrc of Edinburgh." Charters of Edin- 
 burgh, 29 Nov. 1387, Rec. Soc, 
 
 " . . . voutyt on the maner and the masounry as 
 the voute abovyn Sant Stevinys." Ibid. 
 
 0. Fr. vaide, later vaulte, from L. Lat. volta, from 
 Lat. voluta, a vault. 
 
 To VAX, V. n. To wax, grow, become: 
 pret. vaxit, vox ; part. pt. vaxen, vaxit ; 
 Dunbar, Tua Mariit Wemen, 1. 175. 
 
 VCH, VcHE, s. An ouch. V. Uche. 
 
 VEDIS, s. pi. Raiment, armour. V. Wedis. 
 
 VEIR, Ver, Were, Wair, Vor, s. V. 
 Dict. 
 
VEL 
 
 [260] 
 
 VES 
 
 The etym. is Icel. vdr, not vor, as in Dict. Conse- 
 quently, that the word is of Egyptian origin is a wild 
 fancy. 
 
 VELURE, s. Naples fustian, mock- velvet. 
 
 "Naples fusteanes tripe or velure"; Rates of 
 Customs, 1612, Halyburton's Ledger, p. 307. 
 
 Velure is short for tripe de velours, mock-velvet ; see 
 Cotgr. 
 
 VELVOUS, ». V. Dict. 
 
 "Fr. velour," given as etym. for this term, is an 
 error for Fr. velours. A better form, however, is O. 
 Fr. velous, from Lat. villosus, shaggy. 
 
 VENGEABIL, Vexgible, adj. Vengeful, 
 
 revengeful : " vengeahil cruelty ; " Duubar, 
 
 I cry the Mercy, 1. 140. Addit. to [Venge- 
 
 abil\ q. v. 
 
 " Dirus, cursed, vengible"; Duncan's App, Etym., 
 1595, ed. Small, E. D. S. 
 
 Vengeaxd, part. Avenging ; Gol. and Gaw- 
 ane, 1. 759. 
 O. Fr. venger, to avenge : from Lat. vindicare. 
 
 VENIM, Vexem, Vexxom, Wexe:ii, s. 
 
 Venom, poison ; Spald. Club Misc. I. 93 ; 
 
 pL vennoniT/s, drags, philters. 
 
 Quham, revist for his lufe, throu vennomys seir, 
 Circes his spous smate wyth ane goldin wand, 
 And in ane byrd him turnit fut and hand. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, iii. 93, 18, ed. Small. 
 O. Fr. venin, from Lat. venenum, poison. 
 
 VENNEL, Vexxall, Vexell, Vixel, Vyxel, 
 Wexxell, s. Lit. a little street : a lane. 
 V. Vexall. 
 
 VENT, s. Vending, sale, business; Blame 
 of Kirkburiall, eh. 19. Fr. vente, sale. 
 
 VENT, Ventige, s, PL vents, ventiges, the 
 holes in a flute, flageolet, clarionet, &c. 
 Burns. 
 
 The form ventage is used by Shakespeare in 
 Hamlet. 
 
 O. Fr. vent, an opening ; older forms frnt and fente, 
 " a cleft, rift ; " Cotgr. This form is still used : as in 
 the phrase, " a/ente of a gown." 
 
 Ventaille, Ventail, Ventalle, s. The 
 movable piece over the mouth in front of 
 a helmet ; Awnt. Arthure, st. 32, 5, Gol. 
 and Gawane, 1. 867. Addit. to Ventaill, 
 q.v. 
 
 Delete the notes given under Ventaill in Dict. : the 
 passage to which they refer is incorrect. See under 
 Waive, v. 
 
 This portion of a helmet is also called aventaille. 
 
 VERA, Verra, adj. and adv. Very. V. 
 Verray. 
 
 Verament, Verayment, 5. Truth. V. 
 Verrayment. 
 
 VERDOUR, Verdur, Verdor. V. War- 
 dour. 
 
 Jamieson's defin. and etym. of this term are mis- 
 leading, and do not apply to the verdour mentioned in 
 the quotation. The letter v in verdour does not repre- 
 sent V, but u or It) ; and the name of the cloth is not 
 verdour, but tcerdour, or more properly, wardour. For 
 further explanation see under that heading. 
 
 VERNAKELL, s. The holy napkin; In- 
 vent. St. Salv. College, Mait. Club Misc., 
 in. 204. 
 
 Vernacle, dimin. of Verony, the cloth or napkin on 
 which the face of Christ is depicted. It is preserved 
 in St. Peter's at Rome, and is said to be the napkin 
 which St. Veronica gave to Christ to wipe his face when 
 on his way to crucitixion, and which thereby received 
 a striking impression of his countenance. 
 
 VERRE, Verb, Ver, s. A glass for liquor; pi. 
 verres, veris, verrys. Addit. to Veres, q. v. 
 
 With vernage in verrys and cowppys sa clene. 
 
 Awnt. Arthure, st. 36, 2. 
 
 To VERT, v. V. To turn up or over ; " ver- 
 
 tand the earth," turning up the soil, rooting. 
 
 Lat. vertere. 
 
 "It sail be lesum to quhatsumewir persone appre- 
 hendand the said swyne vertand the earth to distroy 
 the samen." Burgh Eecs. Aberdeen, 1578, ii. 32, Sp. C. 
 
 VERTEW, VERTU, s. Power, ability, 
 capability ; Kingis Quair, st. 74 ; vigour, 
 powerful influence ; Ibid., st. 20, ed. Skeat. 
 Addit. to Verter, s. 3, q. v. 
 
 VERTIE, Verty, Vairtie, adj. Cautious, 
 prudent, careful ; hence, industrious, wide 
 awake, eager. Errat. in Dict. 
 
 Archie, fu' vertie, owre the moorlan' spangs 
 Ilk strype and stank ; nae doubt he itchin langs 
 To crack wi' San'. 
 
 Tarra^' Poems, p. 2. 
 The explanation given in the Dict. is altogether a 
 mistake. The entry must be deleted. 
 
 Vertie is simply short for averty, prudent, q. v., the 
 a being dropped, as in vale for avale, &c. 
 
 0. Fr. averti, cautious, prudent ; from Lat. advertere, 
 to turn attention to. 
 
 VESCHEL-ALMERY, Veschale-Aumry, 
 s. V. Weschale Almerie. 
 
 To VESIE, Vesy, Visie, Vise, v. a. To 
 view, see, regard; Lyndsay, Squyer Mel- 
 drum, 1. 257, Thrie Estaitis, 1. 505 ; part, 
 pr. vesiand, viewing ; Ibid., Exper. and 
 Court., 1. 1466; vesyit, visited, examined, 
 Ibid., The Dreme, 1. 386. V. Visie. 
 
 Vesiater, 8. A surveyor : same as Vesiar, 
 q. v. Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, I. 167, Rec. 
 Soc. 
 
 Vesie, Vesigh, s. Sight, view, examination ; 
 
 " Tak a vesie o' the Ian'." 
 
 " Frier Wynssent, litstar, prior of the Freris Predi- 
 catoris of this said burgh, protestit solemtly in presens 
 of the saidis bailies, and in the irsigh of the haill court, 
 that na proces leid nor to be leid within the said burgh 
 sould hourt tham na thair place of thar auualis awin 
 
YES 
 
 [261] 
 
 VIS 
 
 thame, bot that tha mycht haue remaid of law." 
 Burgh Recs. Stirling, 30 Sept. 1521. 
 
 O. Fr. viser, to look at, regard : from Lat. visus. 
 
 VEST, part. pt. Vested, invested ; " vest and 
 
 seasit," Burgh Recs. Glasgow, I. 186, Eec. 
 
 Soc. 
 To VEX, V. a. To vex, trouble, annoy ; pret. 
 
 and part. pt. vexit, Kingis Quair, st. 1 74, ed. 
 
 Skeat. V. Vex, v. n. 
 
 VEYLE, adv. V. Dict. 
 
 To this entry in DiCT. add : Ve7jle is a form of loeyle, 
 for well, well. 
 
 VIALL, s. A chamber-pot made of glass or 
 glazenware ; Haljburton's Ledger, p. 309. 
 
 In the section including glass and glazenware in 
 Rates of Customs, &c., in 1612, mention is made of 
 "Glasses called viallis or vrinallis." 
 
 O. Fr. fiole, " a violl of glasse ; " Cotgr. : from Lat. 
 phiala, a drinking vessel with a broad bottom ; but the 
 term evidently came to have a wider application, for, 
 as a L. Lat. word, Ducange renders it by " Fons, 
 aquarum receptaculum." It is, however, of Greek 
 origin. 
 
 VICE, s. Turn, change, succession ; Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, II. 279, Rec. Soc: also 
 place, post, duty, office ; Ibid., p. 283. 
 
 VICE-COUNGE, s. A hand vice ; Customs 
 
 and Valuations, 1612, Haly. Ledger, p. 332. 
 
 Lit. a permission vice ; one fitted with a movable 
 nut. 0. Fr. vis, a screw, or spindle of a press, and 
 conge, permission, leave. 
 
 VICE-TURCAS, ViCE-TuRKES, s. A bench 
 or table vice ; also, ringed or clamp pincers 
 for holding a piece of iron while it is worked 
 on an anvil ; Burgh Recs. Stirling, p. 58. 
 Comp. of vice and turcas. V. Turkas. 
 
 To VICIE, Wycie, v. a. To vitiate, violate ; 
 to vide the valentine, to violate the engage- 
 ment, i.e., to annul it. V. Viciat. 
 
 All birdis lie rebalklt that wald him nocht bow, 
 
 In breth as a battell-wrycht full of best blawin, 
 
 With vnlowable latis nocht till allow. 
 
 Thus viciit he the Valentine thraly and thrawin. 
 
 That all the foulis with assent assemblit agane, 
 
 And plenyeit to Natur 
 
 Off this intollerable injure ; 
 
 How the Howlat him bure 
 
 So he and so hautane. 
 
 Houlate, st. 71, Bann. MS. 
 Fr. vicier, "to viciate, marre corrupt, etc.," Cotgr. 
 
 VIDIMENT, s. A small particle, a mere 
 
 fragment, scrap : applied to anything that is 
 
 insignificant ; Orkn. 
 
 Lat. viduus, bereft ; hence applied to scraps, frag- 
 ments, &c. : from which prob. the second meaning has 
 come. 
 
 VIER, Vyer, s. V. DiCT. 
 
 Delete the entry under this heading in Dict. The 
 word vier in the first quotation cannot be claimed as a 
 Scot, word ; and if vyer in the second quotation is a 
 misprint for uther, it ought not to be ranked with vier. 
 
 VIGHT, adj. Brave ; Gol. and Gaw., 1. 325. 
 V. Wight. 
 
 To VIKE, V. n. To move, budge : prob. a 
 local pron. of FiKE, q. v. ; Orkn. 
 
 To VILIPEND, V. a. To slight, undervalue, 
 backbite; Douglas, I. 48, 26, ed. Small; 
 Orkn. Lat. vilipendere. 
 
 Vilipend, s. An evil-speaker, tack-biter ; 
 Orkn. 
 
 VILITIE, s. Vileness, baseness; Lyndsay, 
 Papyngo, 1. 376. 
 
 VINELL, Vynel, s. Avennel; Burgh Recs. 
 Edinburgh. 1512, L 137, Rec. Soc. V. 
 Venall. 
 
 VINY, ViNiE, adj. Winded; old or high 
 tasted ; generally applied to game that 
 has been overkept ; Orkn. 
 
 Prob. only a local pron. of windy, colloq. form of 
 winded, affected by the wind, old-tasted. 
 Dan. vindig, windy ; Icel. vindugr. 
 
 To VIRK, V. a. and n. To work, ferment. 
 V. WirJc. 
 
 VlRKlNG, s. Working, influence, control ; 
 Kingis Quair, st. 188, ed. Skeat. V. under 
 Wirk^ V. 
 
 VIRROCK, s. V. DicT. 
 
 In the entry under this heading in the Dict. there 
 is no definition, the quotations are misplaced, and of 
 the last paragraph all but the first sentence is irrele- 
 vant. Rearrange as under : — 
 
 VIRROK, ViRROCK, Vyrock, Wyrock, s. 
 A wart, knot, or bony excrescence on the 
 feet ; hardness or callosity of the hands 
 caused by labour ; also applied to a hard 
 boil or fiery pimple on the hands or feet. V. 
 Wiri'oh. 
 
 Ther is not in this fair a ilyrock, 
 That has upon his fait a wyrock, 
 Knoul taes, or mouls in nae degre, 
 But ye can hyde them. 
 
 Dunbar, Evergreen, i. 254. 
 Dr. Leyden, Gl. Compl. S., justly observes &c. (as 
 in Dict. q. v.). 
 
 ViRROK, ViRROCK, VyROCK, ViRROKY, adj. 
 Warty, knotted ; virrok tais, toes with 
 swollen knotted joints. 
 
 Ane pyk-thank in ane prelottis claise, 
 With his wawil feit and virrok tais, 
 With hoppir hippis and henches narrow. 
 
 iJunbar, Maitland Poems, p. 110. 
 A.-S. wear, wearr, hardness of the hands or feet 
 caused by labour ; wearrig, wearriht, callous, knotted ; 
 and in Wright's Vocabularies wearriht is glossed by 
 '^ callosm." 
 
 VISARD, s. A mask ; same as Visorne, q. v» 
 
 "Persona, a person, a visard"; Duncan's App. 
 Etym., 1595, ed. Small, E. D. S. 
 
VIS 
 
 [262] 
 
 vol 
 
 O. Fr. visiere, "the viser or sight of a helmet"; 
 Cotgr. From its covering the face like a visor, a mask 
 came to be so called ; its Fr. name was a faux visage, 
 which Cotgrave defines as " a mask or vizard." 
 
 VISECK, s. A kind of song forming an 
 
 accompaniment to a dance ; Hibbert's 
 
 Orkney and Shetland, p. 563. 
 
 Icel. vi^a, a strophe, stanza ; Dan. vise, a song, a 
 ballad. 
 
 To VISIE, ViSY, Vise, v. a. To look at, 
 view, oversee, take oversight of; also, to 
 go to see, visit, look into, examine. Addit. 
 to ViSiE, q. V. 
 
 "Item, the prouest, baillies, and counsale hes 
 depute tliir persones to vise the brig and watter daylie 
 at twa tymes." Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 1574, i. 28, 
 Rec. Soc. 
 
 " The sersaris sail pas twys on the daye, viz., in the 
 mornyng and evinnyng, and visie and inquyre of ilk 
 hous that nane be seik." Ibid. p. 29. 
 
 VisnT, Visit, part. pt. Looked upon, 
 viewed, examined ; Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 
 II. 114, Sp. C. 
 
 VIST, prei. Wist, knew. 
 
 " Yone is the warliest wane," said the wise king, 
 " That euer I vist in my walk in all this warld wyde.'' 
 Ool. and Gawane, 1. 494. 
 As here used this term represents Eng. wisf, knew, 
 had experience of : from A.-S. witan, to know. 
 
 VITTALL, VlT7AIL, VlTTLE, VlTTEL, S. 
 
 Victual, grain of any kind used as food ; 
 
 also, food, as in " horse-vittle." 
 
 " Annonna, far, vittall f Duncan, App. Etym., 
 1595, ed. Small, E. D. S. 
 
 To VlTTALL, VlTTAIL, VlTTLE, V. a. To 
 
 victual, supply with provisions ; pret. vittail- 
 lit, Lyndsay, Squyer Meldrum, 1. 1102. 
 O. Fr. vitaille, from Lat. victualia, provisions, food, 
 
 the neut. pi. of viclualis, belonging to nourishment. 
 
 See Skeat's Etym. Diet., s. v. 
 
 VIVELY, ViUELY, adv. Vividly, clearly, 
 evidently ; Blame of Kirkburiall, eh. 2. V. 
 
 VlUE. 
 
 To VMCAST, V. a. V. Umhecast. 
 
 VNCHUT, adj. A form of Uncouth, q. v. 
 
 VNE, s. An oven. V. Une. 
 
 To VOCE, V. a. V. Voice. 
 
 VODURE, 8. Lit. a voider or emptier; a 
 tray for carrying away the fragments after 
 a meal. 
 
 Efter the first paws, and that cours neir gane, 
 And voduris and fat trunscheouris away tane, 
 The goblettis greit with mychty wynis in hy 
 Thai fillit, and coverit set in by and by. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, ii. 63, 14, ed. Small. 
 0. Fr. vodeur, voideur, vuideur, a voider, emptier ; 
 from vode, voide, vuide, empty: formed from Lat. 
 viduus, bereft ; hence, waste, empty. See Cotgrave 
 and Burguy. 
 
 VOGIE, adj. Happy, fond, and free ; kindly, 
 fondly, or lovingly caressing; and used also 
 as an adv., implying with happy, fond, or 
 loving ways; Whistle Binkie, II. Ill, 
 Addit. to VOGIE, q. V. 
 
 VOGUE, s. Repute, applause, foremost 
 place or position. 
 
 " For many to eternize their soone forgot memory, 
 and to gaine the vogue of this vaine world, hes 
 prepared Pyramides of pomp, others pillers of pride, 
 some mousolies of maruel." Blame of Kirburiall, ch. 9. 
 
 O. Fr. vogue, "sway, authority"; Cotgr. 
 
 VOICE, VoYCE, Voce, Woyce, s. Opinion, 
 
 advice, or resolution, spoken or expressed. 
 
 " Patrik Bell, pro vest, did intimat to the saidis 
 bailyeis and counsall that his voijce and voit was to be 
 cravit in the said assemblie anent bischops and epis- 
 copacie." Burgh Bees. Glasgow, 1638, i. 394, Rec. 
 Soc. 
 
 To Voice, Voyce, Voce, Woyce, v. n. To 
 speak ; to discuss, counsel, or advise orally : 
 as, " to voice and vote in council," to speak 
 and vote or to deliberate and determine in 
 council. 
 
 "That the said Patrik sould voit that the said as- 
 semblie sould sitt and not desolve, . . . and that 
 he sould ivoyce for establisching of the said assemblie 
 judges to the saidis bischops." Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 
 1638, i. 394. 
 
 " To voice and vote " is an expression which fre- 
 quently occurs in our Burgh Records in connection 
 with discussions in the Town Council and other 
 meetings. Lit. it means to speak and vote ; and as at 
 these meetings the vote was often taken orall3% the 
 expression ' to voice ' came to imply both discussion 
 and voting. 
 
 VOID, adj. Empty; K. Quair, st. 164. V. 
 VODE. 
 
 Void, Voyd, s. An empty, vacant, or open 
 
 space or place ; a well or shaft in a building. 
 
 " And sail build ane voyd hard be the said passage 
 
 for letting doun the paissis from the knock." Burgh 
 
 Recs. Aberdeen, II. 341, Sp. C. 
 
 To Void, v. a. To make void, dissipate, 
 dispel. Addit. to Vode, q. v. 
 
 The lufare vnicorne. 
 That voidis venym with his euour home. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 155, ed. Skeat. 
 
 The following is Prof. Skeat's note on this passage : — 
 " Voidis venym, dispels venom with his ivory horn, 
 Voidis does not mean ' ejects, ' as Tytler supposed, not 
 knowing the story. The unicorn's horn was snpposed 
 to dispel poison : Mrs. Palliser, in her Historical 
 Devices, p. 20, gives an example of a unicorn depicted 
 as dipping his horn into water, with the motto Venena 
 pello. In a footnote she shows that the essai of 
 unicorn's horn is often mentioned in inventories. Cf. 
 Massinger, Roman Actor, ii. 1. 46, and see E. 
 Phipson's Animal Lore of Shakspeare's Time, p. 453. " 
 
 Voider, Voyder, s. Dispeller. 
 
 The sterne of day, voyder of dirknes. 
 
 Dunbar, Sterne of Redonptioun, 1. 35. 
 
 O. Fr. voide, from Lat. viduum, ace. of viduus, bereft 
 hence, waste, empty. O. Fr. voider, vuider, to void. 
 
VOK 
 
 [263] 
 
 WAD 
 
 VOKY, "WoKY, s. Vanity, vain pride; 
 vanity in dress or vain show. V. Vogie, 
 adj. 
 
 To Vant and Voky ye beir this rowm slef ; 
 Bid thame thairin that thai tak thair hyre. 
 
 Douglas, Kiiig Hart, i. 119, 23, ed. Small. 
 Pinkerton's ed. reads looky. See under Vogie. 
 
 VOLUNTAR, VOLENTAR, adj. Voluntary, 
 free-will; '■^ voluntar contributioun," Burgh 
 Recs. Aberdeen, II, 361, Sp. C, , 
 
 Lat. voluntarius, willing ; 0. Fr, volontaire. 
 
 VOLUSPA, s. V. DiCT. 
 
 For further particulars regarding this term see 
 Cleasby and Vigfusson, s. v. Volva. 
 
 VOO, adj. Sorry, grieved. V. Woo. 
 
 VOP, s. A thread or band. V. WoP. 
 VOUTE, VOWTE, s. and v. V Vaute. 
 VOWBET, s. V. DicT. 
 
 In both quotations the alliteration shows that this 
 word is, and must be pronounced, wowbet. 
 
 VOWSTIE, adj. Boastful. V. VouSTY. 
 VPART, adv. Upwards. V. Upart. 
 VTASS, Wtast, s. V. DicT. 
 
 Delete this entry in Dicr., and see Utass and Utass. 
 
 VTH, s. V. DicT. 
 
 Delete the entry under this heading in DiCT., and 
 see Vch. 
 
 w. 
 
 WA', Wa'd, adj. Chosen, choice : " loa'- 
 wight men,''' stoutest men, boldest warriors; 
 Pop. Ballads. V. Waled. 
 
 WACHTER, Waughter, s. A guard or 
 convoy ship, a war vessel. V. Wach, v. 
 
 "Anewther of the Holland waughteris, callit the 
 Greyne Dragon of Amsterdam," Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 
 ii. 388, Sp. C. 
 
 Dutch wachten, to watch, guard, oversee, act as con- 
 voy ; wachter, watchman, guard-ship. 
 
 To WACHLE, Wauchle, v. n. To move 
 along with difficulty; hence, to struggle, 
 strive : " Lang may he wauchle on through 
 this warld;" Whistle Binkie, I. 96. Addit. 
 to Wachle, Wauchle. 
 
 Wachle, Wauchle, s. Staggering or un- 
 steady movement; difficult, weary work, 
 struggle, battle : " He has had a sair wachle 
 a' his days." 
 
 To WAD, Wed, v. a. V. Dict. 
 
 Delete the entry under this heading in the DiCT., as 
 it is imperfect and improperly arranged, and substi- 
 tute the following : — 
 
 To Wad, Wed, v. a. 1. To pledge, bet, 
 wager. 
 
 Than Lowrie as ane lyoun lap. 
 And sone ane flane culd fedder ; 
 He hecht to perse him at the pap, 
 Thairon to loed ane weddir. 
 
 Christ Kirk, st. 12. Chron. S. P., ii. 363. 
 Wad, in Callander's ed. 
 
 "Our mare has gotten a braw brown foal," 
 — " I'll wad my hail fee against a groat, 
 He's bigger than e'er our foal will be." 
 
 Minstrelsy Border, i. 85. 
 
 In June they wad, or Beltan cam roun, 
 Craignethan lay in his grave. 
 
 Mary o' Craignethan, Ed. Mag., July 1819. 
 It is similarly used in M. E. 
 — If ye worken it in werke, I dare wed mine eares 
 That law shal be a labourer, and leade afelde dounge. 
 P. Ploughman, Fol. 196. 
 In the West of S. wad is freq. pron. icat, and con- 
 founded with loat, know, believe : as in the very com- 
 mon expression, " weel I wat," well I know, or, well I 
 pledge, promise, or assure you. 
 
 2. To promise, to engage, as equivalent to Til 
 engage for it. 
 
 But Where's your nephew, Branky ? is he here ? 
 I'll wad he's been of use, gin ane may speer. 
 
 Shirref's Poems, p. 75. 
 
 How was the billy pleas'd ? 
 
 Nae well, I wad, to be sae snelly us'd. 
 
 Ibid., p. 35. 
 
 3. To wed, marry : pret. and part. pt. ivad. 
 
 At last her feet — I sang to see't — 
 Gaed foremost o'er the knowe ; 
 
 And or I wad anither jad, 
 I'll wallop in a tow. 
 
 Bums, The Weary Pund o' Tow. 
 
 A.-S. weddian, to pledge, bargain, wed, marry: 
 from wed, wedd, a pledge. 
 
 To WADE, V. n. To pass, penetrate : " The 
 moon's wading through the clouds." 
 
 Sa wondir freschly thai frekis fruschit in feir, 
 Throw all the harnes thai hade, 
 Baith birny and breistplade, 
 Thairin wappinis couth wade, 
 Wit ye but weir. 
 
 Qol. and Oawain, 1, 568. 
 
 The word is similarly used in Gray's Elegy — 
 " To wade through slaughter to a throne." 
 
 WADNA, WUDNA, v. Would not. V. 
 Wad. 
 
WAE 
 
 [264] 
 
 WAI 
 
 WAE, adj. Sad, sorry, pained; Burns. V. 
 Wa. 
 
 Other forms of this adj. are Wo, Woo, Voo. 
 
 WAFFER, Vaffer, s. Lit. a wavering : a 
 break, fault, dip, or elevation : a mining 
 term. V. Waive. 
 
 "It is noch possible to men to myn, cast sinkes, 
 vaffers, big my Is, quha never saw ony siclyk." Early 
 Records of Mining in Scotland, p. 80. 
 
 A.-S. tooefre, wavering, wandering. Cf. Icel. vafra, 
 to waver ; vafr, wavering, as in vafr-logi, a flickering 
 flame. 
 
 WA'-GANG, Wa'-gain, Wa'-gaun, s. De- 
 parting for a foreign land, departing this 
 life ; parting, leave-taking, taking farewell 
 before such departure ; also a social gather- 
 ing of friends to bid farewell. Addit. to 
 Wa-Gang, q. V. 
 
 It's dowie in the hin' o' hairst. 
 
 At the wa'-gang o' the swallow, 
 When the winds grow cauld, when the bums grow bauld. 
 
 An' the wuds are hingin' yellow ; 
 But ! it's dewier far to see 
 
 The iva'-gang o' her the heart gangs wi' — 
 The deadset o' a shining e'e, 
 
 That darkens the weary warld on thee. 
 
 He%o Ainslie, Whistle Binkie, i. 428. 
 
 To WAGE, Waige, v. a. To wager, bet ; 
 part. pr. waging, waigin ; Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, I. 285, Rec. Soc. Addit. to 
 Waidge, q. V. V. Wage, s. 
 
 WAGIT, Wadget, adj. Working for wages, 
 feed or hired ; Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, IV. 
 345. 
 
 " . .to tak or ressave ane vthir masteris prenteis, 
 seruand, or loagit man." Ibid., i. 81, Rec. Soc. 
 
 To WAIF, Wayte, Waip, v. a. and n. To 
 wave ; to set aside, divorce. V. Waff, and 
 Waive. 
 
 Waif, Waiff, Waip, s. A small flag, sig- 
 nal flag. Addit. to Waff, q. v. 
 
 " And the watch that beis in Sanct Nicholace stepiU 
 to pyt on the waiffs that he hes to the part of the town 
 he seis thame [the approaching strangers] cumand to." 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 1530, i. 446, Sp. C. 
 
 WAIGE, Wage, Wagge {g soft), s. A 
 wedge ; pi. wagis, Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 
 1544, I. 195 ; waggis, Ibid., I. 197 ; weggis, 
 . Ibid., I. 269. V. Wadge. 
 
 A.-S. wcecg, wecg, a wedge ; from A.-S. wegan, to 
 move, cause to move. Dutch wig, Icel. veggr. 
 
 WAIL, Waile, Wale, s. Choice, in the 
 sense of a number to choose from : hence, 
 plenty, abundance ; Gol. and Gaw., 1. 223, 
 1329. Addit. to Wale, s. 
 
 It is so used in the old adage, " There be w^aiZ o' 
 wives gin ye've plenty o' siller." So too in the story 
 told by Dean Ramsay of the Laird of Balnamoon, when 
 he lost his hat and wig on his way home after a dinner 
 party. His servant having picked them up and handed | 
 
 them to him, the laird was satisfied with the hat but 
 demurred at the wig, and refused to have anything to 
 do with it. Persuasion having failed, the servant lost 
 his patience, and remonstrated with his master, ' ' Ye'd 
 better tak it, sir, for there's nae waile o' wigs on Mun- 
 rimmon Moor." V. Rem. Scot. Life and Character, 
 p. 167. 
 
 Wailit, part, and adj. V. Waled. 
 
 WAILL, Wale, s. Worth, value. Addit. 
 to Waill, s., q. V. 
 
 " Thai leif ane wod for the waill of tua pekis of 
 beyr." Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 1554, p. 63, Mait. C. 
 
 To WAIL, Waile, v. a. To bewail, deplore, 
 mourn for the loss of. Icel. vcela. 
 
 That all the world sail waile thaire gouernance, 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 122, ed. Skeat. 
 
 WAINDES, s. A windlass, winch, block- 
 and-tackle ; Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, II. 
 325, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Icel. vinddss, a windlass ; Du. windas. 
 
 WAINE, pref. V. DicT. 
 
 The entry under this heading in DiCT. must be de- 
 leted. Waine, in the Edin. MS. of Barbour, is cer- 
 tainly a scribal error for teas. The Camb. MS. has 
 wes ; and, as Jamieson admits in rejecting the reading, 
 all the editions have tvas. 
 
 To WAINE, Wayne, v. a. Err. for Waiue^ 
 
 Wayue. V. Waive. 
 
 This is a common mistake arising from the difficulty 
 of distinguishing between n and u in the reading of 
 
 MSS. 
 
 WAINSCOT, Wanescott, Wanscot, s. A 
 kind of oak, used in shipbuilding and in 
 cabinet-making; wainscot, panelling; also, 
 boards for panelling; Burgh Recs. Aber- 
 deen, II. 228, 234, Rec. Soc: used also 
 as an adj.^ meaning oaken. Ibid., p. 326. 
 
 In Halyburton's Ledger, p. 290, in the Rates and 
 Customs of 1612, various kinds of timber are included 
 under the heading Boards ; and in that list are, — 
 "Boordes called Wanescott oi Daneskene," "Boordea 
 called Wanescott of Swaden," "Table boordes of wane- 
 scott or walnute trie ; " and in the introduction to that 
 work, p. xxxvii., Cosmo Innes states that, among the 
 many articles brought by sea to Antwerp, there were 
 " ornamental woods, and timber for shipbuilding; es- 
 pecially a sort called loainscot {waghescot}, truly beauti- 
 ful, and variegated like the walnut." 
 
 From Dutch wagenschot, wainscot ; a corr. of O. Du. 
 waeghe-schot, wall-boarding : from O. Du. waeg, a wall, 
 and schot, a covering of boards. An interesting dis- 
 cussion of this word is given in Supp. to Skeat's Etym. 
 Diet. 
 
 To WAIP, V. a. To wave, flutter ; Gol. and 
 Gawain, 1. 440. V. Waff, Waif, v. 
 
 The version quoted by Jamieson reads waif. See 
 quotation in DiCT. 
 
 Waip, Wap, s. A small flag. V. Waff, 
 Waif. 
 
 The forms waif and waip occur in the same entry. 
 See Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 1 Mar. 1530, i. 446, Sp. C. 
 
WAI 
 
 [265] 
 
 WAL 
 
 TVAIR, s. Shelter, hiding; resting-place, 
 abode : went to wair, went to his abode, went 
 home. Addit. to Wair, q. v. 
 
 Delete the note under this heading in DiCT. Wair, 
 in this case, clearly means shelter, place of hiding, rest, 
 or abode ; and may be traced to Icel. vcera, rest, shelter ; 
 vcBri, shelter, abode, resting-place. Besides, the story 
 plainly demands that the phrase, 'went to ivair,' be 
 rendered 'went home,' i.e., slipped away without 
 rewarding them. See quotation in DiCT. 
 
 WAIR, s. Sea-weed. V. Ware. 
 
 WAIRD, part. V. Ward, part. 
 
 To WAIRDE, V. a. To imprison. V. Ward. 
 
 WAIRSTAW, s. B. R. Edin., 1530, II. 39, 
 Rec. Soc. V. Warestall. 
 
 WAIT, Wayt, Wayte, s. and v. V. [Wate]. 
 
 WAIT, Wate, adj. Difficult, tiresome, peril- 
 ous. V. Waith, s. 
 
 Tnglit and travalit thles trew men can tyre, 
 Sa wundir wait wes the way, wit ye but wene. 
 
 Gol. and Gaw., st. 3. 
 Icel. vdthi, danger, peril ; Dan. vaade, danger. 
 
 To WAIT, Vait, Wate, Wat, v. n. V. 
 
 DiCT. 
 
 Delete this heading in Dict. Wait is not and can 
 not be properly used in the infinitive. It is the first 
 and third pers. sing, of the present tense, and means 
 "I know" or "he knows;" but it is occasionally, 
 though incorrectly, used with we, or ye, or they, or 
 even with thou, as Jamieson shows. The A.-S. ivdt 
 means "I know," and "he knows;" but nothing else. 
 Therefore, substitute the following heading for the 
 entry : — 
 
 WAIT, Vait, Wate, Wat, v. pres. Know. 
 
 To WAIVE, Waiue, Wayub, Wayfe, 
 
 Waifp, Waife, Waff, v. a. and ?i. To 
 
 waive, move about ; to set or push aside, up, 
 
 or down; to raise, remove, as, "to tcaive up 
 
 a window; to shun, abandon, refuse, desert, 
 
 as, " He loayfid his wjfe and wed another;" 
 
 also, to strike, smite, beat, as, " He wayues 
 
 at Schir Wawayn als he were wode." 
 
 The forms Waiue, wayue are frequently misread and 
 misprinted waine, wayne. See Stratmann, s. v. Waiven. 
 
 He wayued up his viser fro his ventalle. 
 
 Awnt. Arthure, st. 32. 
 
 Pinkerton's ed. has wayned. 
 
 For bowe he fra the bataille bernys me tell, 
 
 Then will lie wed another wife and wayfe me for ever. 
 
 Allit. Rom. AlexoMder, 1. 297. 
 Streyte on his steroppis stoutely he strikes, 
 And wayues at Schir Wawayn als he were wode. 
 
 Awnt. Arthure, st. 42. 
 
 Printed waynes by Pinkerton and Laing. 
 Wapp, which is a f req. of ivaive, is still used in this 
 sense : " He wappit at or on him." 
 
 Similar uses of waive are noted by Stratmann, thus — 
 . to ivaiven up the wiket. 
 
 Piers Plowman, B. v. 611, ed. Skeat. 
 
 But went after the werwolf and wayued from the beres. 
 Will, and Werwolf, 1. 2386, ed. Skeat. 
 
 Printed wayned. 
 
 L. Lat. waviare, to waive : from Icel. vei/a, to 
 wave, vibrate, move about. Stratmann gives O. Fr. 
 weiver, to waive ; but, as Prof. Skeat states, it is only 
 recorded in the latter form guesver, to waive, refuse, 
 abandon : see Cotgrave. The M. E. forms were waiven, 
 and ivceven, 
 
 WAKER, s. A fuller. V. Wauk, «. 
 
 " Fullo, a waher of claith ; " Duncan's App, Etym., 
 1595, ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 WAKSTAFF, s. The staff with which a 
 burgh officer knocked at the doors of those 
 whose duty it was to serve as the night- 
 watch. Also, the officer who carried this 
 staff, and turned out the night-watch ; 
 Burgh Laws, ch. 81, Rec. Soc. 
 
 A.-S. wacan, to wake, arise: whence wacian, to 
 wake, watch; and A.-S. stcef, a stafiT. V. Skeat, 
 Etym. Dict. 
 
 WAL, Wall, s. A certain weight of wool ; 
 forms of waw, a wey ; Halyburton's Ledger, 
 p. 225. V. Waw. 
 
 WAL, Wall, Walle, Wale, s. A well, 
 
 spring ; B. R. Glasgow, I. 390 ; wallee^ 
 
 fountain-head, source of a spring. V. 
 
 Well-Ey. 
 Walgarse, Wall-Girse, s. Water-cress, 
 
 water-cresses : valcarse, Spald. Club Misc., 
 
 L 105. V. Well-Grass. 
 Walink, Wallink, s. Water Speedwell or 
 
 Brooklime : Veronica Beccahunga, Linn. 
 
 West and South of S. 
 
 WALAGEOUSS, Walegeouss, adj. V- 
 Dict. 
 
 Delete the first etym. given for this term. It can- 
 not be related to A.-S. The second etym. is correct. 
 
 WALD, Wauld, Waul, Wawil, adj. Plain, 
 flat : as, loald, wauld, or loawil feet, flat feet, 
 or plain soles ; wald or wauljittit, flat-footed, 
 plain-soled. V. Wald, s. 
 
 Ane pyk-thank in ane prelottis claiss, 
 
 "With his wawil-feit and wirrok tais, 
 
 With hopper hippis and benches narrow, 
 
 And bausy handis to beir ane barrow. 
 
 Dunbar, Complaint to the King, 1. 54. 
 The Eeidpeth MS. has tvauld-feit, which Laing 
 adopted, and which is certainly the correct reading. 
 Both the term and the passage in which it occurs 
 were misunderstood by Jamieson. He interpreted 
 wawil-feit as loosely - knit or shaky-feet ; but he 
 was prob. misled by the misreadings of the version 
 from which he quoted. Besides, in that passage 
 the poet is describing not a person with loosely-knit 
 limbs and shaky feet, but a coarse, big-boned, un- 
 gainly fellow, with great bausy hands and big clumsy 
 feet. And in order to represent them as altogether 
 clumsy, he paints them as waioil or wauld feet, i.e. 
 flat-soled ones ; with wirrok tais, i.e., warty or knotted 
 toes, which generally accompany flat soles, and seldom 
 are found with wavel-cuits or shaky feet. 
 
 (Sup.) 
 
 K 2 
 
WAL 
 
 [266] 
 
 WAN 
 
 Besides, the measure clearly shows that wawll must 
 be read as waul, not as icavil in loavill feet, shaky or 
 shachly feet, quoted under Wavel. Of. wawil in wawil- 
 eyid, wall-eyed, 
 
 A. -S. iceald, wald, a wood, also a plain, a flat or open 
 country. Cf. Icel. vollr, a field, plain. In M. E. a 
 down or flat open country was called a wold or a wald. 
 
 WALED, Wailed, Wailit, Wauld, Wa'd, 
 Wale, Wail, Waule, Wa', adj. Picked, 
 chosen, selected ; as, waled or loale men, 
 wa' or wa'd men, i.e., picked or choice 
 men, best or bravest soldiers ; Pop. Ballad. 
 V. Wale, v. 
 
 WiUiiED - WIGHT, WeIL'D - WiGHT, WaLE- 
 
 WiGHT, Wall- Wight, Wa'- Wight, adj. 
 Strongest and best, best and bravest : 
 " waled-wight men," stoutest men, boldest 
 warriors. 
 
 At our lang wars in fair Scotland 
 
 I fain hae wished to be ; 
 If liiteen hundred waled wight men 
 
 You'll grant to ride wi' me. 
 
 Ballad, Auld Maitland, 1. 15. 
 
 where are all my loall-ioight men 
 That I pay meat and fee. 
 
 Ballad, Lord Thomas, 1. 33. 
 
 This form occurs twice in "Earl of Mar's Daughter ;" 
 see 11. 115, 127. 
 
 The king's ca'd up his wa' -wight men 
 That he paid meat an' fee. 
 
 Lady Daisy, Aytoun's Ballads, ii. 173. 
 
 Robert Semple of Beltrees, in his account of Habbie 
 Simson, the piper, calls him "a weil'd wight-man," on 
 account of his strength and skill in rustic games. 
 He counted was a tveil'd Wight-man, 
 And fiercely at Foot-ba' he ran ; 
 At ev'ry game the gree he wan, 
 
 For pith and speed ; 
 The like of Habbie was na than, 
 But now he's dead. 
 
 The Piper of Kilbarchan. 
 
 To WALLOW, V. n. V. Dict. 
 
 In the last para, of this entry Germ, weltcen is a mis- 
 take : Germ, icelken, to wither or wilt, is the proper 
 term with which A.-S. weahcian, is allied. Evidently 
 Jamieson was misled by mixing up wallow and sallow. 
 No doubt he had heard, as one may still hear, people 
 say of a young plant that had drooped and faded, "it's 
 wallowed ;" but they call it wallow d not because of its 
 yellowish colour, but because it is withered, drooped, 
 dried up. And as a matter of fact the sallowing is a 
 further stage : it is a consequence of the wallowing. 
 The term, therefore, can have no connection with 
 Germ, falb, fallow, or with the Lat. flavus, as the note 
 suggests. As Prof. Skeat remarks, — "The radical 
 gense is rather ' to be rolled or shrivelled up ;' cf. A. -S. 
 wealcan, to roll (whence mod. E. walk)." See Notes to 
 The Kingis Quair, p. 96, S.T.S. 
 
 WALLY-GOWDY, Wallie-Gowdye, s. 
 Jewel of gold, precious thing. V. Wallies. 
 
 My tendir gyrle, my wallie-gowdye, 
 My tirlie myrlie, my crowdie mowdie. 
 
 Dunbar, In Secreit Place, 1. 45. 
 
 WALT, Waltin, Wat, Wattin, Vat, s. 
 Welt, border, edging, as in a shoe, or in the 
 seams and hems of a gown. E. welt. 
 
 To Walt, Wat, Vat, v. a. To attach the 
 welt to the upper of a shoe, to renew the 
 welt in mending a shoe ; also, to guard, 
 strengthen, or ornament the seams and hems 
 of a gown by inserting or attaching a welt : 
 pret. and part. pt. icaltit, vatit. 
 
 " , . . ane govne of blak vatit witht veluot and 
 lynit witht blak huge." Burgh Recs., Glasgow, 1574 ; 
 i. 32, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Waltin-Coed, Wattin-Cord, s. Cord used 
 
 in forming welts for seams and hems of 
 
 gowns. E. welting-cord. 
 
 Welsh givald, a hem, welt, gwaltes, the welt of a 
 shoe ; gwaldu, to welt, hem : allied to Gael, halt, welt, 
 border, belt. V. Skeat's Etym. Diet., s. v. Welt. 
 
 WAM, Wamme, s. a scar of a wound. V. 
 
 [Wem]. 
 
 " Cicatrix, a wamme ;" Duncan, App. Etym., 1595, 
 ed. Small, E. D. S. 
 
 A.-S. wam, wem, a spot, fault. 
 
 To WAMBLE, Womble, Wumble, v. a. To 
 undulate or move in an undulating manner, 
 as in rinsing a vessel with water. West of 
 S. Addit. to Wamble, q. v. 
 
 WAME, s. The belly portion of a furskin. 
 Addit. to Wambe, q. v. V. Womhes. 
 
 WAMPA, Wanpa, Wamp, s. The vamp or 
 fore-leather of a boot or shoe ; also, a shape 
 or pattern of a vamp; "the vanpa for a 
 buytt;" Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 1. 176, 
 Sp. 0. 
 
 This term is a corr. of Fr. avant-pied, "the part of 
 the foot that's next to the toes ;" Cotgr. The M. Eng. 
 forms are vampay, vaumpe. 
 
 WAND, s. The sign of an ale-house or small 
 change-house, or country inn. Addit. to 
 Wand, q. v. 
 
 " We entered a small change-house, which we only 
 knew to be a public by the wand over the door, and 
 bought some bread and cheese from a good-looking lass 
 that was the servant." R. L. Stevenson, Kidnapped, 
 p. 266, ed. 1886. 
 
 WANDEECHT, s. V. Wandrethe. 
 
 WANE, Wan, adj Deficient, wanting, lack- 
 ing; hence imperfect, weak, empty, void. 
 Addit. to Wan, adj., q. v. 
 
 Quhy suld I than, with dull forhede and wane, 
 With ruide engine and barrand emptive brane, 
 With bad harsk speche and lewit harbour tong. 
 Presume to write quhar thi sueit bell is rung. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, Bk. i. proL 1. 18, Small. 
 A.-S. wana, wona, deficient, wanting; wana, a de- 
 ficiency. The prefix wan-, implying lacking, has the 
 force of un, not : as wancanny, uncanny, wanchancy, 
 unchancy, unlucky ; and sometimes it has the force of 
 mis-, wrong, as in wanhap, mishap, misfortune. 
 
 WANSCOT, Vanscot, s. V. Wainscot. 
 
WAN 
 
 [267] 
 
 WAR 
 
 WANT, Wanting, s. Besides the usual E. 
 meanings of lack, scarcity, poverty, need, 
 absence of what is needful or desired, these 
 terms are used in the sense of (1) loss, de- 
 privation. 
 
 Lo ! thise were thay that in thaire myddill age, 
 
 Servandis were to lufe in mony weye, 
 
 And diversely liappinnit for to deye ; 
 Sum sorrowfully, for loanting of thare makis, 
 And sum in armes for thaire ladyes sakis. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 86, ed. Skeat. 
 
 2. Search for, inquiry after what is lost or 
 
 missing. 
 
 A mechanic travelling about in search of employment 
 is said to be " in ivant o' wark." 
 
 To Want, v. a. and n. 1. To lack, be desti- 
 tute of ; to lose, as " to want ane lug out of 
 his heid," Burgh Kecs. Glasgow, I. 197, 
 Rec. Soc. ; to have lost. Burgh Recs. Aber- 
 deen, I. 411, Sp. C. ; to give up, resign, 
 Lyndsay, Thrie Estaitis, 1. 2825. 
 
 So standis thou here In this warldis rage, 
 And loantis that suld gyde all thy viage. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 15, ed. Skeat. 
 
 2. To search, seek, or enquire for; to desire, 
 request. 
 
 " What do you want there ? " is asked of one who is 
 searching for something. ' ' Wha is't ye're icantin' ? " 
 is said to one who has asked for some person. "Ye're 
 aye wantin'," is often said to one who is a frequent 
 borrower. 
 
 WANTON, Wantf, s. The belly-band of a 
 horse. Addit. to Wanton, q. v. 
 
 Delete the etym. given for this term in the DiCT. 
 Wanty, of which loanton is a mere corruption, is a cor- 
 ruption of loame-tie, a tie or band for the loame or belly : 
 comp. of A.-S. wamb, the belly, and teag, t4ah, tyge, a 
 rope. V. Palmer's Folk-Etymology, and Webster's 
 Diet. s. V. Wanty. 
 
 WANUT, Wannat, s. Walnut, walnut- 
 tree. 
 
 We sned the treis bringis furth gud birth. 
 We steir thame not that ar nocht wirth ; 
 The wannat quhan ye ding most sair, 
 Most fructfull is, as sum declair. 
 
 Rob Stem's Dream, p. 7, Mait. C. 
 
 To WAP, V. a. 1. To beat, thrash : "He set 
 to an' wappit the puir beast." 
 
 2. To beat, overcome, excel : *' That loaps a' 
 your stock." Addit. to Wap, q. v. 
 
 W^APPER, Whapper, s. The biggest or best 
 of a lot : that which beats the rest. Addit. 
 to Wapper, q. V. 
 
 Wapping, adj. Beating or excelling the rest. 
 
 Addit. to Wapping, q. v. 
 
 Wap, like waff, is a freq. of loave, from Icel, veifa, 
 to wave, vibrate. 
 
 WAPPINS, Vappins, s. pi Weapons ; Gol. 
 and Gawane, 1. 820. 
 
 WARANDICE, Varandice, s. Warranty; 
 Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, I. 346, Sp. C. 
 
 WARD, Warde, Werd, Werde, s. World; 
 in Buchan dial, wardle. 
 " Ward, world, North ; " Grose's Diet: 
 That was the athill Alexandire, as the buke tellis, 
 That aghte evyn as his awyne all the werde ovire. 
 
 Allit. Mom. Alex., 1. 18. 
 
 Ward is not uncommon in M. E. : see Lancelot of 
 the Laik, ed. Skeat, 1. 3184 ; also Genesis and Exodus, 
 ed. Morris, 11. 32, 1315. 
 
 Da. verden (of which the en represents the article), 
 the world, universe, earth. 
 
 WARD, Werd, Waird, part. pt. Awarded ; 
 
 doomed, adjudged, decreed, settled : " It's 
 
 weel ward, wei'd, or ivaird ye want," i.e., it is 
 
 right and proper that you get nothing, or 
 
 that you lose your share. V. Ward, v. 
 
 This expression is generally applied to one who has 
 forfeited his share, or who grumbles at what is offered 
 to him ; for example, if a beggar grumbles at the dole 
 that is offered, the giver will take it back saying, 
 "Weel, weel, if ye dinna tak that, it's weel ward ye 
 want. " 
 
 WARDER, Wardrer, s. A staff, truncheon : 
 wardrer, Allit. Rom. Alex., 1. 838. 
 O. Fr. warder, a staffe, baston ; Palsgrave. 
 
 WARD-HILL, Wart-Hill, Wardill, s. 
 The hill on which the beacon was lighted to 
 give warning of approaching danger ; Me- 
 morial for Orkney, p. 120. 
 
 WARDOUR, Wardur, Werdour, Wer- 
 
 DUR, Yardour, Vardur, Verdour, Ver- 
 
 DUR, s. 1. A kind of tapestry used for 
 
 covering and draping abed; hence hangings, 
 
 drapery, garniture ; Halyburton's Ledger, 
 
 p. 10, 30. 
 
 " Ane lettgant bed furneist witht Flandreis werdour, 
 blancattis, scheittis, and coddis." Burgh Recs. Glas- 
 gow, I. 32, Rec. Soc. 
 
 2. Clothing, clothes, dress. 
 
 The three gay ladies carousing in the garden are 
 represented by the poet as — 
 
 " Arrayit ryallie about with mony rich wardour." 
 
 Dunbar, Mariit Wemen and Wedo, 1. 30. 
 
 See the quotation in full in DiCT. under Wardour, 
 which Jamieson left unexplained. 
 
 WARE, adj. Wary, aware. V. War, Wer. 
 
 WAREIT, pret. For waryit, cursed. V. 
 Wary. 
 
 WARESTALL, Wairstall, Wairsta, 
 Vairstall, Vairstaw, s. Prob. identical 
 with Wair Almerie, q. v.; Burgh Recs. 
 Edinburgh, II. 39, Rec. Soc. 
 
 WARETINE, s. Warrant, guarantee, 
 ground of claim ; Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 
 7 May, 1470, Mait. C. V. Warrand. 
 
WAR 
 
 [268] 
 
 WAS 
 
 WAKING, s. Outlay, expenditure : " at the 
 first waring," at first cost, at purchase or 
 cost price ; Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, I. 227, 
 Rec. Soc. Addit. to Ware, s. q. v. 
 
 WARISON, s. V. DicT. 
 
 Delete the heading under this entry in DiCT. Wari- 
 son has no such meaning as that with which Scott 
 used it in the passage quoted. No doubt he meant 
 "note of assault," but he used the wrong word for it. 
 Warison is correctly explained in the preceding entry ; 
 and further explanation is given under Wabysoun, 
 q. V. 
 
 WARL, s. World. V. W^ARLD. 
 
 Warl-worm, Warl's-worm, s. a miser, 
 niggardly person ; Burns. 
 
 Warly, adj. Worldly. V. Warldlie. 
 
 WARLO, Warlock, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Combine the two entries under these terms in Dict. 
 They represent the same word under different applica- 
 tions. 
 
 Warlock-Kjstowe, s. a knoll on which, 
 according to popular belief, warlocks held 
 their meetings. 
 
 Meet me on the xoarlock-knowe, 
 Daintie Davie, daintie Davie, 
 There I'll spend the day wi' you, 
 My ain dear daintie Davie. 
 
 Burns, Daintie Davie. 
 
 WARLY, Warlok, adj. Warlike, fitted for 
 war, i.e. fortified, defended, sturdy, strong: 
 " warliest wane," best fortified or strongest 
 mansion, Gol. and Gaw., 1. 495. 
 
 Warliest, adj. V. Dict. 
 
 To the defin, of this term in Dict. add the statement 
 given above under Warly. The proper meaning is 
 given in the explanatory note. 
 
 To WARNE, Werne, v. a. To oppose ; Bar- 
 bour, ii. 137 : to forbid, prevent ; Gol. and 
 Gaw., 1. 253. Also used with meaning to 
 warn, forewarn, by Barbour, iii. 451, xvii. 
 114, Camb. MS. Addit. to Warne, q. v. 
 
 In the note under the entry in Dict. mention is made 
 of the M. E. meaning "to prohibit," but nothing is 
 said to indicate that the word was used in Scot. also. 
 
 To WARNIS, Warnys, v. a. V. Dict. 
 
 A simpler and more direct etym. for this term is 
 O. Fr. warnis-, stem of the part. pros, of warnir (later 
 gamir), to furnish. From the form garnir has come 
 E. garnish. See Garnish in Skeat's Etym. Diet., and 
 Gamir in Burguy's Gloss, 
 
 To WARP, V. a. To prepare the warp for the 
 loom. Addit. to Warp, q. v. 
 
 Warp as a «. is found in almost all dictionaries ; but 
 as a V. it is not found in any of the older dictionaries 
 except Bailey's. 
 
 Warper, s. One who prepares the warp for 
 the weaver. 
 
 Warping, Warpin, s. The preparation of 
 the warp for the loom ; also the art or craft 
 of preparing the warp of a web, as, " ap- 
 prenticed to the warping." 
 
 Tlie cardin' o't. the spinnin o't, 
 The warpin' o't, the winnin o't 
 
 When ilka ell cost me a groat, 
 The tailor staw the lynin' o't. 
 
 Burns, The Cardin o't. 
 
 Warpin-Fat, Warpene-Fat, s. A vat in 
 
 which warps, when arranged for the loom, 
 were steeped for dressing or dyeing; Burgh 
 Recs. Prestwick, 15 Oct. 1565, Mait. C. 
 
 In those days, and for long after, the customer- 
 weaver in small communities like Prestwick did all the 
 warping and dressing, and most of the dyeing, of the 
 webs entrusted to him for weaving. In many of the 
 households, however, the females dyed, as well as 
 dressed and spun, the wool which was prepared for 
 home use. In various districts of the Highlands these^ 
 customs still prevail. 
 
 Warpin-Pins, s. pi. The pins on which the 
 warper stretched the warp while preparing 
 it for the weaver. 
 
 To WARPISS, V. a. To deliver or hand 
 over, barter, give up, betray. 
 
 " God forbid that yhe suld, for a litil monee that thir 
 Inglismen has promissit yhou, warpiss your gude name, 
 and the reward and thank that yhe have deservide and 
 wonnyn of the king." Letter to the Earl of Ross from 
 the Provost and Council of Aberdeen, 1444, Burgb 
 Recs. Aberdeen, i. 11, Sp. C. 
 
 O. Fr. werpis-, stem of pres. part, of loerpir (in 
 Cotgr. vuerpir), to deliver, hand over : the more com- 
 mon form, however, is guerpir. Formed from 0. Fr. 
 werp, guerp, delivery, which prob. was borrowed 
 from the Scand. In Icel. and Swed. we have varpa, 
 to cast, throw, and hence to damage, twist, or put out 
 of shape. 
 
 To WARSELL, Wersill, v. n. V. Dict. 
 
 Delete the last para, of the entry under this heading 
 in Dict. A more direct etym. is A.-S. ivrmstlian, to 
 wrestle : a frequent, of wrcestan, to wrest, twist about ;. 
 O. Du. wrastelen, worstelen, to stmggle, wrestle. The 
 M. E. form was wrestlen. 
 
 WART, pret. Wert ; Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 
 I 304, Rec. Soc. 
 
 To WASH, v.. To wash the head, to insult 
 or impose upon a person, to cheat him ; to 
 wash one's head, or give one's head to be 
 washed, to be insulted, cheated, or imposed 
 upon, to allow oneself to be insulted, 
 cheated, or imposed upon. 
 
 As the following passage shows, these expressions 
 were common among merchants during the sixteenth 
 and seventeenth centuries. It also tells that it was 
 customary to set up a poor-box on board a vessel in 
 which a company of merchants happened to be return- 
 ing from the continent ; also, that fines were exacted 
 from such of the company as had allowed themselves 
 to be cheated when trading among foreigners ; and that 
 these fines went to the poor-box. 
 
 " Everie merchand, or sa mony of ane schippis 
 merchandis as waschis thair heidis in France, Flanderis,. 
 
WAS 
 
 [269] 
 
 WAT 
 
 Danskin, or uther countries, to gif and collect to the 
 said box, to the honour of God, and thair pure and 
 nedie brethrene, and to thair vyffis and bairnis left in 
 pouertie and distres." Burgh Recs, Aberdeen, ii. 216, 
 Sp. C. See also under Foud. 
 
 "To give the head for washing, i.e., to submit to 
 insult." Halliwell. 
 
 The expression was common in France also ; for Cot- 
 grave gives, "Laver Id teste a. To chide, reprove, taunt, 
 or checke very bitterly. " 
 
 Washing the Apron. The name given 
 to a madcap carouse which apprentices 
 held when a new apprentice was entered to 
 work. The custom was followed till com- 
 paratively late times by masons and wrights. 
 
 "The whilk day complaint being made to the present 
 deacon conveniar of Glasgow, the present deacon of the 
 wrights of Glasgow, masters and members of the said 
 trad, anent prenteissis and their associatts causing 
 wash (as they term it) ilka new prenteis appron, riving, 
 cutting, and nailling the same upon doors, and theirby 
 drinking to excess, and committing many abuses attour 
 the loss of their masters work. Which being taken to 
 their serious considerationes, eftir matur deliberation 
 theranent for preventing such enormities and abuses in 
 time cuming, heirby prohibitts and dischairges any 
 washing of approns, riving and nailling thereof, or 
 drinking in such base maner, in all tim coming, vnder 
 the pain of twentie pounds Scotts to be payed by the 
 committer thairof toties quoties to the present collec- 
 tor, or his successores in office, for the vse of the poor 
 of the Wright trad, attour corporall punishment to be 
 inflicted at the will of the magistrattis, and injoyns ilke 
 freeman master within this Incorporation to intimatt 
 this act to each new prenteis of his at his entrie to him : 
 and in caice the master concur not and incouradg the 
 prenteis in such a fault, the master is to be lyable in 
 the fyne foirsaid. In testimony quhairof thir pre- 
 sentis, &c." MS. Minutes of the Wrights of Glasgow, 
 July, 1773. 
 
 WAT, s. A welt; pi. wattis, the welting of 
 shoes. Addit. to Waut, q. v. 
 
 Stra wispis hingis owt, quair that the loattis ar worne. 
 Dunbar ond Kennedy, 1.213, S.T.S. 
 
 To Wat, Vat, v. a. To welt, border, bind : 
 pret. and part. pt. watit, vatit, welted, bor- 
 dered, bound, trimmed: ^'vatit with veluot;" 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 1574, I. 32, Rec. 
 Soc. Addit. to [Waut], q. v. 
 
 WAT, s. A hap or guard, a loose upper coat 
 or big jacket made of thick woollen cloth : 
 a watchman's coat. V. Wate, s. 
 
 I coft a stane o' haslock woo' 
 
 To mak a wat to Johnny o't ; 
 For Johnny is my only jo, 
 I lo'e him best of ony yet. 
 
 Burns. 
 Various editions read "coat;" but wat is the word 
 which Burns wrote. 
 
 It may have been so called from the name of the 
 cloth : O. Swed. wad, stuff, clothing, Icel. vadmdl, 
 wadmal, a plain woollen cloth, Ger. wat, cloth, Fr. 
 ouate, wadding. See under Wad in Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 To WAT, V. n. V. DiCT. 
 
 The quotation and etym. under this heading are mis- 
 placed. The quot. should be set under s. 1. of Wat, 
 
 Wate, adj. ; and the etym. under s. 2. of the same entry. 
 For the entry in the DiCT. substitute the following — 
 
 WAT, V. Know, knew. V. Wait. 
 
 Wat, know, is improperly used in all the persons, 
 sing, and pi. of the present tense, as stated under 
 Wait ; and wat, knew, is properly used in all the per- 
 sons sing, and pi. of the pret. tense ; but there is no 
 to wat, as given by Jamieson. 
 
 To WAT, V. a. A colloq. form of wad, to 
 
 pledge, promise, plight one's word, honour, 
 
 or credit : as, " I wat a groat." V. Wad. 
 
 The expression " weel I wat " is frequently used with 
 wai in this sense. 
 
 WATE, Vait, v. Know ; Kingis Quair, st. 
 50, 129, ed. Skeat : "thou vait,'' thou 
 knowest ; Compl. Scot., p. 126, E.E.T.S. 
 V. Wait. 
 
 In the Kingis Quair, st. 60, loate is properly used in 
 the first and third pers. sing. ; but in the other pass- 
 ages referred to the word is improperly used, as already 
 explained under Wait. 
 
 The correct forms are these : — Present, I wait, thoa 
 waist, he luait ; we, ye, or they wit. Past, I wist. 
 Part, pt., wist. Infinitive, wit : or less correctly weet. 
 The allied adverb ywis, iwis (also written I- wis), cer- 
 tainly, is frequently mistaken for first pers. sing, pre- 
 sent of the verb. 
 
 WATER-FOOT, Water-fit, Water-neb, 
 
 s. The mouth of a river ; used also as the 
 
 name of a village or town at the mouth of a 
 
 river ; Burns, Holy Fair. 
 
 " The Water-Jit," as used by Bums, was a name for 
 Newtown-on-Ayr. " The Water-Neb" is still used in 
 Paisley as a name for the mouth of the Cart ; but pro- 
 bably, when it was first used, it was applied to the 
 tongue of land formed by the junction of the two 
 Carts near Renfrew. 
 
 WATERMAILE, Watermayle, s. The 
 name of a kind of fur : perhaps that of the 
 water-rat or water-vole ; pi. watermailis, 
 watermayllis ; Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 136, 
 137, Dickson. 
 
 For the origin of maile, mayle, cf, 0. Dutch muyl, 
 M. Du. mule, muzzle, snout : whence 0. Fr. mulot, the 
 field- vole or meadow-mouse, so named on account of 
 its long snout ; also, Fr. surmulot, the Norway rat, lit. 
 the great mulot or great long-snout. These examples 
 suggest that ivaterniaile, watermayle, may represent the 
 water-vole or water-rat. 
 
 WATER-SPONGE, Watter-Spounge, s. 
 A sponge. V. under Sponge. 
 
 So called because originally used by surgeons, 
 leeches, barbers, etc., in bathing and dressing wounds. 
 In the Customs and Valuation of Merchandises of 1612 
 the following entry occurs : — 
 
 ' ' Brushes or spounges called waiter spounges for 
 chirurgeans, the pound weght, . . . xxs," Haly- 
 burton's Ledger, p. 292, Rec. Soc. 
 
 WATH, s. V. DiCT. 
 
 Delete the last line of the entry under this heading 
 in DiCT. The etym. is Icel. vath, a ford. 
 
 WATHE, s. Danger. V. Waithe. 
 
WAT 
 
 [270] 
 
 WAW 
 
 Wathely, Waithely, adv. Dangerously, 
 
 severely, mortally : " wonded full wathely,'^ 
 
 Awnt. Arthur, st. 24. 
 
 This word was misprinted looyeley by PinkertoD, and 
 in that form was entered by Jamieson. V. DiCT. 
 
 WATIT, Vatit, pret. Welted. V. Wat, v. 
 
 WAT-SHOD, adj. and adv. Wet over the 
 shoe-tops, wading ankle-deep : red-wat-shod, 
 wading ankle-deep in blood, Burns, Ep. to 
 Simpson. 
 
 WATTLE, Wattel, Wattill, s. Origin- 
 ally, a night's meal or refection given by the 
 occupiers of the land to their superior when 
 passing through his territory. After the 
 land was feudalized, the tax was charged as 
 rent in proportion to the extent of land 
 occupied. Addit. to Wattle, q. v. 
 
 Wattle, therefore, may be briefly defined as the Norse 
 form of Conveth or Waytinga. As the original form 
 of this tax had long ceased in Orkney and Shetland, 
 the correct meaning of the term was forgotten e%'en by 
 the natives of those islands ; and various suppositions 
 were given in explanation, but even the best of them 
 were felt to be unsatisfactory. Until lately, indeed, the 
 word was a puzzle to philologist and antiquary alike ; 
 and elaborate papers appeared at intervals in support 
 of some fancied solution. The correct meaning of the 
 word, however, was found lately in some unpublished 
 Rentals of Shetland of the year 1628, in the General 
 Register House, Edinburgh ; and these records clearly 
 show that wattle was simply the Norse equivalent for 
 the Scottish conveth. Since the discovery was made, 
 these Shetland Rentals have been examined by Mr. 
 Goudie, and their records have been fully discussed by 
 him in a paper printed in the Proc. of the Antiq. 
 Society, vol. viL, N. S. 
 
 The following is an extract from the Rentals re- 
 ferred to : — 
 
 " Rentall of the wattill as it was in anno 1605. 
 
 Unst. 
 
 Ska 
 
 Trowoilie & Sandoill 
 Haroldsweik .... 
 Benorth the vo Ska & Howland 
 
 ij nychtis wattill 
 
 ij nychtis wattill 
 
 ij nychtis wattill 
 
 iiij nychtis wattill." 
 
 Icel. veita, to grant, give ; veizla, an entertainment ; 
 "as a law term, the reception or entertainment to be 
 given to the Norse king, or to the king's 'landed-men,' 
 or his. stewards, for in olden times the king used to go 
 on a regular circuit through his kingdom, taking each 
 county in turn ; his retinue, the places of entertain- 
 ment, and the time of his staying at each place being 
 regulated by law ; this was called ' veizla ' or fara at 
 veizlum, taka veizlu." Vigfusson, Icel. Diet. 
 
 WATTLE, 8. A stout wand, a stick such as 
 is used by drovers for driving their cattle. 
 A.-S. watel, watul. 
 
 Stridin' ower horse an' yerkin cattle 
 
 Wi' noisy glee, 
 Nae Jockey's whup nor drover's wattle, 
 
 Can frighten thee. 
 Ballantine. Wee Raggit Laddie, st. 6. 
 
 WAUCHIN, Waughin, s. Quaffing, drink- 
 ing, swilling. V. Waucht, v. 
 
 But now he's a dyvor wi' birlin and wauchin. 
 
 Whistle Binkie, I. 393. 
 
 "Dyvor," a bankrupt. 
 
 WAUGHTER,5. A guard-ship. Y.Wachter. 
 
 To WAUK, V. a. and n. To wake, awake, to 
 waken : part. pr. waukin, waking ; used as 
 an adj., awake. 
 
 Hey Johnie Cope are ye wauking yet ? 
 
 Or are your drums a-beating yet J 
 
 If ye were wauking, I wad wait 
 
 To go to the coals i' the morning. 
 
 Song, Hey Johnie Cope. 
 In explanation of the phrase, "to go to the coals," it 
 may be mentioned that the battle-field of Prestonpans, 
 where Cope was defeated by Prince Charles Stuart in 
 1745, lies in the midst of a coal field, from which the 
 inhabitants of Edinburgh have been supplied with fuel 
 for centuries. And Edinburgh carters going out to the 
 pits for their loads say they are "going to the coals.'' 
 
 Waukrife, Waukrif, Wakrife, adj. Easily 
 wakened, lightly sleeping, not apt to sleep. 
 Addit. to Walkrife, q. r. 
 
 Abune my breath I daurna speak, 
 For fear I rouse your waukrif daddie. 
 
 Tannahill, are ye sleepin' Maggie. 
 The dog 's speldert on the floor and disna gie a cheep, 
 But here's a waukrife laddie that winna fa' asleep. 
 
 W. Miller, Wee Willie Winkle, st. 2. 
 
 WAVEL, Wavill, adj. Slack or loose, as 
 
 applied to joints : hence shaky. Syn. 
 
 shachly. V. Wavel, v. 
 
 Resembles weill thy shaithand knees, 
 Thy wavill feet, thy Reland Eis. 
 
 Rob Stene's Dreami, p. 8, Mait. C. 
 A.-S. wcefre, wavering, restless j Icel. vafra, vafla, 
 to waver ; vajl, hesitation. 
 
 WAWIL, adj. A form of Wald, plain, flat, 
 q. V. Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 Delete the entry under this heading in DiCT., for 
 Jamieson's defin., " loosely knit," is a mistake, through 
 confounding loavel, shaky, loos^^, and wavnl, which 
 represents a vulgar pron. of ivald, wauld, plain, flat. 
 Hence, loawil-feit means flat feet, plain-soled feet. See 
 under Wald. 
 
 Laing's ed. has wauld feitt, which is the reading of 
 the Reidpeth MS. 
 
 WAWIL-EYID, Wawil-Eghid, adj. Wall- 
 eyed, with blind or diseased eyes. 
 
 A wirling, a wayryngle, a waioil-ei/id shrewe. 
 
 Allit. Rom. Alex., 1. 1706. 
 
 Icel. vagleygr, wall-eyed : from vagi, a beam, and 
 eygr, eyed ; see Vigfusson. 
 
 WAWLY, s. Ornament, decoration, toy, 
 gewgaw : bonnie wawlies, beautiful orna- 
 ments; Scott's Antiquary, ch. 29. V. 
 Waly. 
 
 WAWSPER, Wausper, Wasper, Waster, 
 
 Wester, s. Lit. a striker: a spear for 
 
 striking fish, a leister or salmon spear, a fish 
 
 spear. Addit. to Wawsper, q. v. 
 
 All these forms are still in use : tcaster and tcesUr 
 are merely corruptions of xvaiosper, more correctly was- 
 per, a striker, applied to a fish-spear, and especially to 
 
WAY 
 
 [271] 
 
 WEE 
 
 a leister or salmon spear. From 0. Du. wospen, later 
 werpen, to throw, strike : whence wosppijl, werppijl, a 
 d3.vt, wospspeer, werpspeer, a javelin. 
 
 To WAYMENT, Wayemett, o. n. To 
 lament. 
 
 It weryit, it loayemettede, lyke a womann. 
 
 Aiont. Arthure, st. 9. 
 
 The version quoted by Jamieson reads wayment, 
 contr. of -way merited , lamented. See Dict. 
 
 Wayment, Waymyng, s. Y. Dict. 
 
 Delete wayment from the heading in DiCT,, for in the 
 passage there quoted the word is a verb, not a noun. 
 See quotation in Dict., and compare with the reading 
 given in last entry. 
 
 Waymyng is prob. a scribal error for ivaymenting. It 
 may, however, be a contr. form of that word. 
 
 To WAYNE. V. Dict. 
 
 Delete both entries under this heading in DiCT. : 
 Wayne is a misreading of Wayue. V. Waive, v. 
 
 WAYRYNGLE, s. An accursed being; 
 also, one who has the power of the evil-eye, 
 a bewitcher; Allit. Rom. Alex., 1. 1706. 
 
 A dimin. from wary, to curse, ban. 
 
 WAYT, Wayte, s, and v. V. [Wate]. 
 
 WAYTINGA, s. A certain duty paid to a 
 
 superior by the occupiers of his land. It 
 
 consisted of a night's meal or refection on 
 
 certain occasions when he passed through 
 
 his territory. Originally it was called 
 
 Conveth, q. v. 
 
 " In the reign of Alexander the Third this word 
 [Conveth] seems to have assumed the form Waytinga, 
 and appears in the Chamberlain Rolls of his reign as 
 a burden upon the Thanages." Skene's Celtic Scot- 
 land, iii. 232. 
 
 To WAYVE, Wayfe, Wayf, v. a. V. 
 
 Waive. 
 
 WEAR, Week, Weir, v. and s. Wear. V. 
 
 [Wer]. 
 
 My cloak was ance a guid gray cloak, 
 
 When it was fittin for my weir, 
 But now it's scantly worth a groat, 
 
 For I hae worn't this thretty yeir. 
 
 Song, Tak your Auld Cloak about ye. 
 
 To -Wear, To-Weir, To weir, adj. To be 
 worn on certain occasions, for particular 
 use. 
 
 Shortly before the General Assembly sat in Glasgow 
 in 1638, the magistrates of that city made various ar- 
 rangements for the comfort and convenience of the 
 members ; one of them was the appointment of three 
 officers, who were " ellectit and nominat to keip the 
 kirk dooris and the toweir gownis in a cumlie inaner." 
 Burgh Recs. Glasgow, i. 393, Rec. Soc. 
 
 The distinction between the terms wearing and to- 
 wear is worth noting. A wearing gown is one for reg- 
 ular use or daily wear ; a to-wear gown is one to be 
 worn on certain occasions. The gowns mentioned 
 above were to be worn by the ministers during the 
 sittings of the Assembly, 
 
 WE A SON, s, Weasand, wind-pipe, throat ; 
 Burns. Y. Wizen. 
 
 This form of the word is not uncommon in Eng. of 
 the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It was used 
 by Dryden ; and Cotgrave defined Fr. sifflet, as ' ' the 
 tveason or wind-pipe." 
 
 A,-S. wdsend, the gullet ; prob. put for A.-S. hwces- 
 end, part. pres. of liivcesan, to wheeze. See Skeat'a 
 Etym. Dict. 
 
 WED, Wedde, s. a stake in play or 
 gambling ; Sir Tristrem, 1. 320. Addit. to 
 Wed, q. V. 
 
 WEDDERIS, Weddyrs, Wedyrs, s. pi. 
 Bad weatlier, storms, stormy weather ; 
 Awnt. Arthure, st. 26 ; Rauf Coilyear, st. 
 2. Addit. to Wedder, q. v. 
 
 Ithand wedderis of the Eist draif on sa fast, 
 It all to-blaisterit and blew that thairin laid. 
 
 Rauf Coilyear, st. 3. 
 
 The term is similarly used in the Towneley Mysteries, 
 p. 98. 
 
 WEDE, adj. Furious; Awnt. Arth., st. 43. 
 
 y. weid. 
 
 WEDIS, Vedis, s. pi. Raiment ; also, arm- 
 our : " in glemand steil toedis," Gol. and 
 Gawane, 1. 563 ; and it occurs in the same 
 sense in 1. 855. Addit. to [Wedis]. 
 
 WEDOS ENEMY, Wedowis Inemye, s. 
 The widow's enemy : a name for the fox ; 
 because he steals her poultry ; Kingis Quair, 
 st. 156, ed. Skeat. 
 
 While the passage in the Kingis Quair prob. alludes 
 to Chaucer's Nonne Prestes Tale, there are various tales 
 in which the fox is represented as "the widow's 
 enemy." And a story similar to the one related by 
 Chaucer is told by Henryson in his Taill of Schir Chan- 
 tecleir and the Foxe. In the opening of that fable the 
 poet thus describes the violence done to a poor widow 
 by a crafty fox. 
 
 Ane lytill fra this foirsaid Wedowis lious, 
 Ane thornie schaw their wes of greit defence, 
 
 Quhairin ane Foxe, craftie and cautelous, 
 Maid his repair and daylie residence, 
 Quhilk to this wedow did greit violence, 
 
 In pyking of pultrie baith day and nicht. 
 
 And na way be revengit on him scho micht. 
 
 WEDSETT, s. Pledge, pawn. V. Wadset. 
 
 WEEK, Weik, Weyk, s. A wick for a 
 candle or a lamp : I'ag-weyh. a wick of soft, 
 loose linen or cotton yarn ; hard-weyJc, one 
 of hard-twined yarn ; Burgh Recs. Edin- 
 burgh, II. 6, Rec. Soc. 
 
 In 1679 the proprietors of the paper works near 
 Edinburgh complained to the Privy Council that they 
 were impeded in their operations by a " faulty custom " 
 in the country of using good rags to make candle-wicks. 
 At their urgent request the Privy Council prohibited 
 rags being used for this purpose. 
 
 Weekit, Weikit, adj. Having a wick; 
 " small weikit," having a small wick. 
 " Item, that ale candilmakaris has candile reddy to 
 
WEE 
 
 [272] 
 
 WEX 
 
 sele to ale mane, and thai salbe sellit be richt wecht, 
 the pund for iij d., SJnall loeikit and dry. Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, 1507, i. 436, Sp. C. 
 A.-S. weoca, a wick ; 0. Dutch weicke, 
 
 WEELE, s. A whirlpool; tyie/, Burns. V. 
 Wheel. 
 
 " Gurges, a iveele in a water ;" Duncan's App. Etym., 
 1595, ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 To WEILD, Weld, Welde, v. a. To en- 
 joy, dispense ; Awiit. Arthure, st. 27 ; to 
 control, direct, manage ; Ibid., st. 33 ; to 
 guard, govern, rule ; Gol. and Gawain^ 1. 
 1 188. Addit. to Weild, q. v. 
 
 Possessed, enjoyed ; 
 
 Weild, Weld, pret. 
 protected, guarded. 
 
 The rede blude with the rout folowit the blaid. 
 For all the wedis, I wise, that the wy loeild. 
 
 Qol. and Gaw., 1. 941. 
 
 The meaning of the last line may be—" In spite of 
 all the clothing or armour that the knight possessed, 
 or that protected the knight. " Wedis in the sense of 
 armour is common in the Gawain romances. 
 
 WEIL'D WIGHT, adj. V. Waled- Wight. 
 
 To WEINE, Wene, v. a. To think, deem, 
 imagine, suppose. E. ween. 
 
 And all thir teinds ye half amang your hands, 
 Thay war givin yow for uther causses, I vjeine. 
 Nor mummil matins and bald your clayis cleine. 
 
 Lyndsay, Thrie Estaitis, 1. 2933. 
 A.-S. wSnan, to imagine; from A.-S. wen, expecta- 
 tion, Dutch wanen, Icel. vdna, Goth, wenjan, to expect, 
 fancy. 
 
 To WEIR, V. a. and n. To wear. V. Wear. 
 
 To WEIR, V. a. To ward, avert. V. Wear, 
 
 to guard. 
 
 In his right hand he had ane groundin speir, 
 Of his father the wraith fra us to weir. 
 
 Henryson, Test. Cresseid, 1. 182. 
 
 WEIRLYK, VEIRLYK, at7j. Warlike. V. 
 Werely. 
 
 WEIR SAW, Veirsaw, 5. Point of war ; in 
 weirsaWf appointed or equipped for war : 
 " with ane schip in veirsaw ;" Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, I. 241, Sp. C. V. Were. 
 
 WELP, s. A whelp ; Sir Tristrem, 1. 2399, 
 
 S.T.S. 
 
 WEMELES, adj. Stainless, spotless ; with- 
 out scar or blemish : hence, unhurt, scath- 
 less ; Gol. and Gaw, 1. 99. Errat. in DiCT. 
 V. [Wem.] 
 
 W EN, Wene, s. Doubt, hesitation, but wen, 
 without doubt ; Gol. and Gaw, 1. 98. Addit. 
 to Wene, q. v. V. [Wene, v.] 
 
 Wening, s. Supposition, fancv, hope; Sir 
 Tristrem, 1. 1730, 2658, ed. S.T.S. 
 
 Wenit, Went, Wend, pret. Imagined, 
 thought, believed. V. [Wene]. 
 
 Quhen of the Tod wes hard na peip, 
 The wowf went all had bene on sleip. 
 
 Dimhar, Tod and Lamh, 1. 65. 
 
 WENEM, Wenim, s. Venom, poison. 
 
 ", . . the said cow gewe no milk botlyk wirsum 
 or wenem, quhilk na lei wing creatur culd preive." 
 Trial for Witchcraft, 1597, Spald. Mis. I. 93. 
 
 O. Fr. venim, from Lat. venenum. 
 
 WENGIT. Winged; Douglas, II. 59, 13, 
 ed. Small. 
 
 WENNELL, Wennall, Winnall, .<». A 
 vennel or narrow street ; Burgh Rec><. 
 Glasgow, 1574, I. 30, Rec. Soc. ; Ibid. 
 Aberdeen, I. 112. V. Vemiel. 
 
 WERD, Werde, s. The world. V. Ward. 
 
 WERD, pret. Wore; Sir Tristrem, 1. 3296. 
 V. [Wer, v.] 
 
 This pret. form is still in use. 
 
 WERD, part. pt. Awarded; adjudged, de- 
 creed, settled : a form of Ward, q. v. 
 
 WERELY, adj. Warlike, armed for war, 
 bristling : " the werely porpapyne," the 
 bristling porcupine ; Kingis Quair, st. 155. 
 Addit. to Werely, q. v. 
 
 WERK, s. Prob. a scribal error for werth, 
 worth, wealth. 
 
 Thocht all the iverk that evir had levand wicht 
 Wer only thyne, no moir thy pairt dois fall 
 
 Bot meit, drynk, clais, and of the laif a sicht ; 
 Yit to the Juge thow sail gif compt of all. 
 
 Dunbar, JVo Tressour availis without Glaidnes, 1. 33. 
 
 WERKHOUS, s. Workshop; Accts. L. H. 
 Treas., I., 289, Dickson. 
 
 To WERNE, Wern, v. a. To warn, forbid ; 
 Gol. and Gaw., 1. 138, 477. V. Warne, v. 
 
 WET, pret. Pierced, penetrated, searched. 
 V. Weit, v. 
 
 With vengeand wapnls of were throu wedis thai wet. 
 
 Qol. and Oaio., 1. 759. 
 
 Wete, adj. Piercing, thrilling. 
 
 It yellede, it yamede with vengeance full wete. 
 
 Awnt. Arthure, st. 7. 
 
 To WETE, Wette, v. a. To wit, know, 
 learn : wiete, meaning mark, consider, Awnt. 
 Arth., st. 19, 3 ; and meaning experience, 
 endure, Ibid. st. 19, 12. V. Wit. 
 
 " Now wo es me ! for thi waa," sayd Waynour, "I wysse, 
 Bot a worde wolde I wete, and thi will ware." 
 
 A^ont. Arth., st. 16, 2. 
 
 WEX, pret. Waxed, became, grew; Sir 
 Tristrem, 1. 14, 3327, S.T.S. Wox is also 
 used ; and woux^ and even woLx. 
 
WEY 
 
 [273] 
 
 WHI 
 
 [To WEY, V. a.] V. DiCT. 
 Fo7- V. We, read V. Wee. 
 
 To WEY, Weye, v. a. To consider, regard, 
 pay heed to. Addit. to [Wey]. 
 
 Thus maist thou seyne, that myu effectis grete, 
 
 Vnto the quhich ye aughten maist weye. 
 No lyte oifense, to sleuth is [al] forget. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 120, ed. Skeat. 
 
 WEYTON, Veyton, s. The whitton tree or 
 
 water elder. 
 
 "I sau veyton, the decoctione of it is remeid for ane 
 sair hede." Compl. Scot., p. 67, E.E.T.S. 
 
 WHALP, s. a whelp : used also as a term 
 of contempt applied to a young person. 
 
 Whalpit, part. pt. Whelped. 
 
 His hair, his size, his mouth, his lugs, 
 Shew'd he was nane o' Scotland's dogs ; 
 But ivhalpit some place far abroad, 
 Whare sailors gang to fish for cod. 
 
 Burns, The Ttva Dogs, 1. 11. 
 
 WHART, Whartfull. Forms of Quert, 
 Quertfull, q. v. 
 
 WHASIE, s. A weasel ; lit., the sharp one. 
 V. Wasie. 
 
 " Mustela, a whasie or whitret ; " Duncan, App. 
 Etym., 1595, ed. Small, E. D. S. 
 
 A.-S. hwces, sharp ; Dan. hvas, Sw. hvass. 
 
 WHAT, Whatt, pret. Whetted, sharpened, 
 mended. 
 
 Sae my auld stumpie pen I gat it, 
 
 Wi' muckle wark. 
 An' took my jocteleg and whatt it, 
 
 Like ony dark. 
 % Burns, Third Ep. to Lapraik. 
 
 A. -S. Jiwettan, to sharpen : from Iiwcet, keen. 
 
 WHEEM, Wheme, adv. and adj. V. Queem, 
 
 QUEME. 
 
 From A.-S. cw^man, to satisfy, please ; hence, to fit. 
 
 To WHEEP, V. n. To jerk, shake, move 
 
 rapidly or fly nimbly from side to side or 
 
 backwards and forwards. A freq. of wliipy 
 
 to act or move nimbly. V. Whip, v. 
 
 Come screw the pegs wi' tunefu' cheep 
 
 And o'er the thairms be tryin ; 
 Oh rare ! to see our elbucks wheep. 
 And a' like lamb-tails ilyin 
 Fu' fast that day ! 
 
 Burns, The Ordination, st. 7. 
 
 Wheep, s. a small quantity, a sip, taste. 
 
 Penny-wheep, penny-sip, penny-liquor, small 
 
 beer; Burns. Dimin. of Whip, c^.y. 
 
 In Lancashire small-beer is called penny-whip ; and 
 in Lincolnshire, tvhip-belly. See Halliwell. 
 
 WHEETIE, Wheetie-Wheet, Wheetle- 
 Wheetie, s. Names applied to a very 
 young bird; loheetle-wheeties, young chickens; 
 Whistle Binkie, II., 353. Addit. to 
 Wheetie, q. V. 
 (Sup.) L 2 
 
 WHELEN. V. DicT. 
 
 Del. this entry in Dict. The term is a scribal error 
 for whethen in the Douce MS. of the Awnt. of Arthure, 
 and it was so printed in Pinkerton's edition. 
 
 WHETHEN, Whythen, adv. Whence, 
 
 Awnt. Arthure, st. 28. 
 
 Lincoln MS. has whythen ; and Douce MS. has 
 ivhelen ; see above. 
 
 To WHIDDER, v. n. To run nimbly: a 
 
 freq. of Whid, and similar to Whitter, q. v. 
 
 West and South of S. 
 
 Whid implies a rush, bolt, or leap, as of a rabbit when 
 startled near its burrow : whidder or whitter implies 
 running with quick pattering or leaping. 
 
 WHIP, Whup, s. a sip, gulp, or draught 
 of liquor taken hurriedly ; West of S. 
 Addit. to Whip, q. v. 
 
 To WHIRL, V. a. and n. Used like E. ivheel; 
 also, to push or draw a wheelbarrow, to drive 
 or be driven in a cart, car, or other vehicle; 
 to drive rapidly, as, " He whirled through 
 the town in a gig." 
 
 Whirl, s. The act of whirling ; a drive in a 
 cart, or other vehicle ; also, the sound made 
 by a wheeled vehicle, as, " I heard the whirl 
 o' his machine." 
 
 Whirly, Whirlie, Whurlie, s. a small 
 wheel, a caster ; a low truck used in moving 
 heavy packages ; also, contr. for whirly- 
 barrow, whurlie-bed. 
 
 WHISKIN, adj. Large and tufted; "a 
 whiskin beard." 
 
 A whiskin beard about her mou, 
 
 Her nose and chin they threaten ither ; 
 Sic a wife as Willie had, 
 I wad na gie a button for her. 
 
 Burns, Willie Wastle, st. 2. 
 " Whiskin or whisking, adjectively is great, applied 
 to almost every thing, as floods, fire, winds." Thoresby. 
 Bailey's Dict. gives " Whisking, great, swinging." 
 
 Dan. visk, a wisp, rubber ; Swed. viska, a whisk, 
 small broom. 
 
 WHISKY, Whisk, s. A gig ; a light, two- 
 wheeled carriage; lit. that which whisks 
 along. 
 
 Mention is made of this machine in the story told by 
 Dean Ramsay of the Laird of Balnamoon when he lost 
 his wig in Munrimmon Moor. V. Rem. Scot. Life, ch. 
 vi. 
 
 WHISSONDAY, Wissonday, Wyssonday, 
 s. Whitsunday, the May term. These 
 pron. are still common. 
 
 WHISTLE, Whissill, Whissel, s. A 
 
 flute, fife, or flageolet. 
 
 ^' Whissillis ior Tahernaris the dozen . . . xx s." 
 Customs and Val. 1612, Halyburton's Ledger, p. 332. 
 
WHI 
 
 [274] 
 
 WIL 
 
 To WHIVER, Whiuek, v. n. To quiver, 
 flutter, wave. 
 
 ' ' Men ranking themselves vnder stately standerts, 
 and punicall pinsels, displaj'ed for whiuering in the 
 wiude." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 7. 
 
 A.-S. civi/er, eager, brisk; 0. Dutch kuiveren, to 
 quiver ; Kilian. 
 
 WHUP, s. and v. Whip. 
 
 WICK, adj. Evil or ill; hence, difficult, 
 hard to be done. Errat. in DiCT, 
 
 Morgan is wick to slo, 
 
 Of knights he hath gret pride. 
 
 6'i> Tristrem, 775, S.T S. 
 
 This is the obsolete M. E. adj. wikke, evil. It an- 
 swers to A.-S. wicca, a wizard, which is a corruption 
 of witga, short for witega, prophet, magician, sorcerer, 
 
 WICK, Week, s. V. Weik. 
 
 WICKAE, Wicker, Wikkek, s. A wicker, 
 or pliant twig, M. E. iciker : osier twigs ; as 
 in the phrase, " to cut loicker" and so used 
 by Dunbar ; also, used as an adj., as " a 
 wicker mawn." 
 
 Aye wav'ring like the willow wicker, 
 'Tween good and ill. 
 
 Bums, Poem on Life. 
 • ' Vimen, a loickar j quasi vincimen, a vinciendo vel a 
 viendo.^' Duncan, App. Etym. , 1595, ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 A.-S. wican. to give away, bend; Swed. dial vekare, 
 vikker, willow, from veka, to bend, ply. 
 
 WIDDERSINNIS, &c., adv. Y. Dict. 
 
 This term is frequently confounded with widdersones, 
 withersones, contrary to the sun's course ; and that 
 mistake was made by Jamieson himself in his defin. of 
 Withershins, q. v. While under the form Widder- 
 sinuis he clearly states that the term has no connection 
 whatever with the sun ; and while he correctly cites 
 the Middle Dutch wedersins, otherwise, contrariwise, 
 as its equivalent, he fails to point out the root of the 
 word. 
 
 It has come from O. Icel. vithr, against contrary to, 
 and sinni, of which the orig. meaning was way, direc- 
 tion, journey, as in Icel. d sinnum, on the way. Hence 
 its. meaning is simply coiitrariivise : siniiis being an old 
 genitive form used as an adverb. 
 
 WIDDY, ViDDY, s. In the s., the latch of 
 a door ; in. the pL, the fastenings of a door, 
 including both latch and hinges. Addit. to 
 WiDDY, q. v. 
 
 " . . for cuttyn the viddyis of the dur," Burgh 
 Recs. Prestwick, 15th Nov., 1513, p. 45, Mait. C. 
 
 In some parts of the Highlands and islands of Scot- 
 land doors fastened with widdies or wand-ropes may 
 still be seen ; and such fastenings were not uncommon 
 in the Lowlands at the beginning of this century. 
 
 WiDDiEFOW, WiDDiEFu', adj. Altogether 
 
 like a widdie, full of crossness or thrawnness; 
 
 hence, as applied to one's person, crooked, 
 
 deformed ; and, as applied to the mind or 
 
 temper, cross, cantankerous, ill-tempered. 
 
 Addit. to WiDDiEFOW, q. v. 
 
 As used by Burns and Lyndsay in the passages quoted 
 by Jamieson, this word refers not to widdie, the gallows, 
 but to widdie, a rope or band of twigs formed by 
 
 twisting or plaiting. It implies full of crossness or 
 thrawnness ; and is in keeping with the common saying, 
 "as thravm as a widdie," which is applied to personal 
 appearance and to temper. And any one who has seen 
 a widdie will fully appreciate the simile used by Burns 
 in drawing the conti'ast between the crookit, cross- 
 grained, churlish laird, and the strappin', ruddy, kind- 
 hearted miller. 
 
 The Laird was a widdiefu', hleerit, knurl. 
 
 Song, Meg o' the Mill. 
 As applied to bodily appearance widdiefiC has much the 
 same meaning as rigwiddie, which Burns used to 
 describe the unshapely hags that Tam o' Shanter saw in 
 Alloway Kirk. 
 
 Widdie-Nek, s. Gallows-neck, in the 
 sense of E. gallows-bird ; one doomed to be 
 hanged. V. Widdie. 
 
 For ever we steill, and ever alyke ar pure, 
 In dreid and schame our dayis we endure. 
 
 Syne widdie-nek and crak-raip callit als. 
 
 And till our hjTe hangit up be the hals. 
 
 Henryson, Tod and Freir Wolf, 1. 48. 
 
 WIDE -WH ARE, Wydquhare, adv. 
 Widely, far and near, everywhere ; Pop. 
 Ballads. 
 
 And eftyre scalit ware wyd quhare. 
 To wyne the folk to Cristis lare. 
 
 Barbour's Saints, Leg. iii. prol. 1. 142. 
 Compound of A.-S. loid, wide, and hwcer, hwar, 
 where. 
 
 To WIETE, V. a. To know, wit; Awnt. 
 Arth., St. 19. Y. Wete. 
 
 This word occurs twice in the same stanza : in 1. 3, 
 where it means know in the sense of mark, consider ; 
 and in 1. 12, where it means know in the sense of ex- 
 perience, endure. 
 
 WIFIKIE, s. Dimin. of Wifock, q. v. 
 
 WIGHT, VIGHT, adj. Brave, powerful; 
 " ane vight weriour," Gol. and Gaw., 1. 325 ; 
 wa-ivight, wall-ioight, stalwart, bravest; Pop. 
 Ballads. V. Waled- Wight, Wight. 
 
 WILCAT, s. The wild cat, polecat : applied 
 to an ill-natured, spiteful person. 
 
 WILD, ViLD, Wyld, Wull, Wyle, adj. 
 Fierce, savage, as a ?ciW-cat, tow/^-cat : short 
 for wild-beasts, beasts of the chace, game, 
 as wyld, wyld-meat ; B. R. Edin. II. 6 : ex- 
 travagant, unreasonable, as a tvr/le-sa.y, 
 wull-say, a foolish story : dangerous, risky, 
 hazardous, chance, as wild aunters, wild 
 aventou7'is, applied to adventure vessels or 
 cargoes to or from foreign ports. V. under 
 Aventour. 
 
 WILFIRE, WuLFiRE, s. Wild-fire, Will o' 
 the Wisp. Addit. to Wild-Fire, q. v. 
 
 WILL. To come in will to a person, to pro- 
 mise submission to him, to put one's self at 
 the mercy of another ; freq. in Burgh Recs. 
 " Johne Cowan com in tcill to the provest and coun- 
 sall for the furtbputting of Marioun Cowan his dochter 
 
WIL 
 
 [275] 
 
 WIR 
 
 to kirk and merkat without licence of the provest or 
 baillies, and gif ony danger cumis tharthrou or ony of 
 his hous, to be at the said provest and counsalis will." 
 Burgh Recs. Stirling, 3 Nov. 1548. 
 
 WILL OF KEDE, Will of Wane. V. 
 under Will, adj. s. 1. 
 
 WILLIE, Willy, Wully, adj. Willing, 
 wishing; as, weel-willie, kindly disposed, 
 friendly : also, hearty, with a will, and hence 
 large, immense ; as, a " a willie-waught" a 
 hearty drink, or, as in common parlance, a 
 hearty pull. 
 
 WIL SUM, WiLLSOME, adj. Wandering. V. 
 under Will. 
 
 WILTU, WiLTOW, V. Wilt thou: "What 
 xoiltow lav "? " what wilt thou bet ? Sir 
 Tristrem,'l. 312, S.T.S. 
 
 Soon his face wad mak you fain, 
 
 When he did sough, 
 " wiltu, wiltu, do't again," 
 
 And graned and leuch. 
 
 Ramsay, Patie Birnie. 
 
 WIN, Wyn, Wind, Won, part, and adj. 
 Won ; also, quarried, cut, blocked, rough- 
 dressed : " win werk,^^ cut, blocked, or quar- 
 ried stones ; Burgh Kecs. Glasgow, I. 307, 
 II. 132; "may be wind" maybe quarried; 
 Ibid. IL 151, Rec. Soc. 
 
 In the first sense the term is thus used by Burns, — 
 Like fortune's favours tint as win. 
 
 To Win till, v. a. To attain. V. Win to. 
 
 Winnie, Win and Loss, s. The name ap- 
 plied to the set of games at marbles in which 
 there are stakes or forfeits ; West of S. 
 
 WINDBANDS, Wyndbandis, s. pi. The 
 nave-bands of a wheel ; Accts. L. H. Treas., 
 L 287, Dickson. V. Wund-Band. 
 
 "Item, for j= nalis to the wyndbandis of the axtreis, 
 xvjd." Ibid., p. 289. 
 
 A.-S. windan, to turn, revolve. 
 
 WINDED, Windit, adj. Tainted; used 
 with reference to butter, meat, &c. Of. E. 
 vinnewed. 
 
 WiNDEDNESS, WiNDEDNES, s. Taint, tainted 
 
 state. 
 
 ^'Rancor, vitium carnis, ivindednes;" Duncan App. 
 Etym., 1595, ed. Small, E. D. S. 
 
 WINDIN-CLAITH, Winnow - Claith, 
 Winnel-Claith, s. a cloth used in 
 winnowing grain ; Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, 
 II. 136, Rec. Soc. Also called a loinnow- 
 claith, in W. Watson's Poems, p. 59 ; and 
 a wonnow-clayth, in B. R. Glasgow, I. 129, 
 Rec. Soc. 
 
 To WINDOW, V. a. To winnow ; pret. and 
 
 part. pt. loindowit. A.-S. windwian. 
 
 " Quha ansuerit the, that ther was na wind to win- 
 dow ony malt ; and thow said thow suld get wind 
 anuch to do thi turn." Trials for Witchcraft, Spald. 
 Misc., i. 92, 1597. 
 
 WINLY, Wynly, adv. Pleasantly, agree- 
 ably, kindly, with delight ; " welcummyt 
 thaim wynly, ^' Houlate, st. 51, Asloan MS. 
 V. Win. 
 
 WINN A, Wanna, Wonna, Wunna. Will 
 not ; " I winna gang, and he wanna come." 
 
 Bonnie Jockie, blythe and gay, 
 Kiss'd young Jessie making hay ; 
 The lassie blush'd, and frowning cried, " Na, na, it winna do ; 
 I canna, canna, loinna, loinna, mauna buckle to." 
 
 Song, Within a mile o' Edinburgh Toion. 
 The older version has cannot, ivonnot, and mtinnot, 
 in the last line. This song, however, which has long 
 been a favourite in Scotland, is not of Scottish origin ; 
 it was composed by Tom D'Urfey, and set to music by 
 James Hook, a brother of the celebrated Theodore 
 Hook. The verses first appeared in Wit and Mirth, a 
 collection of songs published in 1698. 
 
 WINNAIL, s. A windmill ; " the loinncdl 
 dyk," Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 1507, p. 4«>, 
 Mait. C. 
 
 WINNEL-CLAITH, s. V. Windin-claith. 
 
 WINNING, WiNNiN, s. The winding of 
 yarn on pirns for the weaver; the process 
 or craft of so winding yarn. 
 
 The cardin' o't, the spinnin' o't. 
 The warpin' o't, the winnin o't ; 
 
 When ilka ell cost me a groat. 
 The tailor slaw the lynin o't. 
 
 Burns, The Cardin' o't. 
 
 WINNING, Wynnyng, Vyning, s. Profit, 
 gain, interest ; Haly burton's Ledger, p. 10(5, 
 151. Addit. to Winning, q. v. 
 
 "All thingis contit betwix Master James Comyiig 
 and me, excep the wynnyng off his part off his monv." 
 Ibid., p. 102. 
 
 "Sic a burges, bot na vther persoun, marrow him 
 with ane maister of substance, and lay his penny to his, 
 and sua far as it will reik the pennyvorthis to be boclit 
 betwixt them, and thai to dele thairvpoun vyning and 
 tynsell as effeiris, and sua far as ilk pairt reikis." 
 Burgh E-ecs. Edinburgh, 1488, i. 55, Eec. Soc. 
 
 Winning is similarly used in Chaucer's Prol., 1. 277. 
 
 WIRD, s. Fate, destiny. V. Weird. 
 
 To WIRK, V. a. and n. To drive, move, a?, 
 " the horse wirks the mill ; " to influence, 
 control, as, " She can weise or wirk him as 
 she likes ; " also, as a v. n., to work, ferment, 
 as, " It's wirkin like barm." Addit. to 
 Wirk, q. v. 
 
 WiRKiNG, Wirkin, Virking, s. Working, 
 driving, influence, control ; virking, Kingis 
 Quair, st. 188, ed. Skeat. 
 
WIR 
 
 [276] 
 
 WIS 
 
 WIRLING, WiRLiN, s. Same as Worlin, 
 q. V. A vulgar pron. is ic7'li7i. 
 
 WIRM, VIRM, s. A worm ; Compl. Scot., 
 p. 67, E.E.T.S. 
 
 WiRinx, Wermix, Wormixg, 5. Worms, 
 vermiu. 
 
 "Item, for clynging Brocks-holl, and burning the 
 worming furth thairof eftir the wyf was removed qua 
 deid thairin, xijs." Burgh Recs. Peebles, p. 417. 
 
 A.-S. wyrm, a worm ; and wirmin, worming, are cog- 
 nate with 0. Fr. vermine, which Cotgr. defines " Ver- 
 mine ; also, little beasts ingendered of corruption and 
 filth." 
 
 WIRMET, ViRJiET, s. Wormwood ; Compl. 
 Scot, p. 67, E.E.T.S. A.-S. wermdd. 
 
 The name icormwood, applied to Artemisia Absin- 
 thium, Linn., has no reference either to worm or to 
 loood : it is a corr. of A.-S. wermoid, which in M. E. 
 was first tvermode, then wormode, and later ivormivood. 
 The plant was perhaps called wermJd, preserver of the 
 mind, (A.-S. icerian, to defend, and mod, mood or mind), 
 from a supposed belief in its virtues. V. Skeat, Etym. 
 Diet. 
 
 In Earle's Eng. Plant Names, it is called icormwod 
 in the list taken from a Nominaleof the fifteenth cent.; 
 but in the earlier lists it is named wermod and weremod, 
 wormod and toormode. 
 
 WIRROK, WiRROCK, Wy-ROK, s. A wart, 
 knot, or bony excrescence on the feet ; 
 also applied to a hard boil or fiery pimple 
 on the hands or feet; Dunbar, Ameudis to 
 Teylouris and Sowtaris, 1. 18. 
 
 WiRROK, WiRROCK. adj. Warty, knotted: 
 " xcirrok tais," toes with swollen, knotted 
 joints ; Dunbar, Compl. to the King, 1. 54. 
 
 A.-S. wearrig, icearriht, homy, knotty, rough : from 
 vrar, icearr, knot, wart ; hardness of the hands or feet 
 caused by labour. 
 
 To WIRRY, V. a. To worry, devour, eat 
 ravenously. M. E. wirien. 
 
 WiRRiER, s. A worrier, devourer. 
 
 "And being admonished that so he should be tome 
 by birds and beasts, did reiyre a taunt in requyring a 
 cudgell to be coutched beside, wherel)y to weare his 
 vnrriers away." Blame of Kirkburiall, ch. 6. 
 
 A.-S. wyrgan, as in the comp. awyrgan, to harm ; 
 Dutch loorgen, Ger. wurgen, to strangle. M. E. wirien 
 orig. meant to strangle, as in the expression, " dogs 
 worry sheep." 
 
 WIRSET, WiRSAT, WORSET, WORSAT, s. 
 
 and adj. Worsted, worsted cloth ; also, 
 
 made of worsted, as, " a woj'set apron," 
 
 Addit. to WoRSET. 
 
 These forms and meanings are common all over the 
 country. Wirssat occurs in Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 
 202, Dickson. 
 
 WIRSUM, 8. Foul purulent matter ; Spald. 
 Mis. I. 93. V. WoRSUM, WouRSUM. 
 
 To WIS, V. n. Del. the entry in DiCT. 
 Tliere is no such verb. The infinitive is to wit. 
 
 WISE, Wis, s. Way, manner ; Kingis Quair, 
 st. 97, 117 ; also method, means, instrument. 
 
 for word is noght 
 Bot gif thy werk and all thy besy cure 
 Accord thereto ; and vtrid be mesure, 
 The place, the houre, the maner, and the wise, 
 Gif mercy sail admitten thy seruise. 
 
 Ibid., St. 132, ed. Skeat. 
 The form wis occurs frequently in comp., as, lang- 
 wis, lengthwise, endiois, endwise. 
 
 To WISE, Wyse, Wysse, v. a. To tell, 
 teach, show. Addit. to WiSS, q. v. 
 
 Mak that course cruel, for Crystis lufe of hevin ! 
 And syne wirk as I ^vise, your vappins to weild. 
 
 Gol. and Gaw., 1. 820. 
 I rede thou wirk as I wise, or war the betide. 
 
 Ibid., 1. 1033. 
 Also, it is used in the sense of to declare, assert, 
 assure : — 
 
 "Now wo is me ! for thi waa," sayd Waynour, " I wysse; 
 Bot a worde wolde I wete, and thi will ware." 
 
 Awnt. Arthure, st. 16, 1. 
 
 WISLE, WiSLING, S. V. WiSSEL. 
 
 WISP, Wosp, Wusp, s. Bunch, bundle, 
 
 handful ; as, " a vnap of straw or hay ; " 
 
 also, a packet, package. Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 In the passages quoted in DiCT., wisp certainly 
 means bundle, bunch, package. And a wisp of steel, 
 or as it is in L. Lat. garba aceris, is explained in 
 rieta as consisting of thirty pieces. See note by Dick- 
 son in Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 447. The term icisp was 
 applied to a package of clasps (see Rates and Customs, 
 1612, Halyburton's Ledger, p. 295) ; and prob. various 
 other articles of hardware were similarly packed and 
 named. 
 
 Ale- Wisp, Ale- Wosp, Ail- Wosp, s. The 
 bush, branch, or wand, that formed the 
 sign of a tavern or ale-house. 
 
 I will na preistis for me sing, 
 
 Dies ilia, dies ire ; 
 Na yit na bellis for me ring, 
 
 Sicut semper solet fieri ; 
 Bot a bag pipe to play a spryng, 
 
 Et unum ail wosp ante me ; 
 In stayd of baneris for to bring 
 
 Quatuor lagenas ceruisie, 
 Within the graif to set sic thing, 
 
 In modum crucis jnxta me. 
 To fle the fendis, than hardely sing 
 De terra plasmasti me. 
 
 Dunbar, Test. Andro Kennedy. 
 Wisp in this sense means bunch of twigs, bush ; and 
 in many places a bush is still the sign of a tavern. The 
 word was used by Shakespeare in this sense in the 
 Epilogue to As You Like It, in the adage, " Good wine 
 needs no bush." And the terra bouchon is defined by 
 Cotgrave as "A stopple; also a wisp of strawe; 
 . also, the bush of a tauerne, or alehouse." 
 In M, E. there were two forms of this term, tcisp, 
 and wips, which is the older form : hence a connection 
 with the verb to wipe is suggested. Cf. Norweg, vippa, 
 a wisp ; Swed. dial, vipp, a little sheaf or bundle ; L. 
 Ger. wiep, a wisp. 
 
 WISSLE, WissiL, Wyssil, Wyssyll, s. 
 Exchange, the Exchange ; Halyburton's 
 Ledger, p. 60, 135. Addit. to Wissel, q. v. 
 
 "Eessauit xv lycht crownis. Said tham in the 
 Wissil oflf Brugis for 3 li. 6 s, 5." Ibid. p. 173. 
 
WIT 
 
 [277] 
 
 WOD 
 
 Ti. WITCHAFE, Witchaff, v. a. V. Wit- 
 
 saufe. 
 
 WITH, Wi, prep. With. In common speech 
 this prep, is frequently redundant, especially 
 after verbs implying working, acting, or 
 doing ; thus, " I hae na siller to buy it m'." 
 " Hae ye a bit string to tie 't wi' '?" " Surely, 
 ye hae een to see wi'." And evidently this 
 verbal connection of loith is an idiom of the 
 North Anglian speech : for it appears in the 
 earliest specimens of that form of Eng. It 
 is common in the Kingis Quair. See st. 16, 
 174, 190, 111, ed. Skeat. 
 
 WITHERSHINS, adv. V. Dict. 
 
 Delete the second portion of the defin. given for this 
 term in Dict. : it is a mistake. See under Widder- 
 siNNis, and Widderslnnis. 
 
 WITHERSONES, adv. Contrary to the 
 course of the sun ; Spald. Misc., I. 96. V. 
 With er shins, Widders in nis . 
 
 WITHGANG, s. Opportunity, implying 
 
 occasion, circumstance, or means suitable ; 
 
 chance or means of acting. Addit. to WiTH- 
 
 GANG, q. V. 
 
 Richt swa in service other sum exceidis. 
 
 And thay haif ivithgang, welth and cherissing, 
 That thay will lychtlie Lordis in thair deidis. 
 
 Henryson, Wolf and Wedder, 1. 149. 
 
 WITHOUT, WiTHOUTE, adv. Over and 
 above, besides, in addition to ; Accts. L. H. 
 Treas., I. 145, Dickson. 
 
 WITRIFE, WiTRYF, WiTRYFF, adj. Very 
 knowing, of great cunning; Spald. Club 
 Misc., I. 122. 
 
 Generally used in a sarcastic or contemptuous sense, 
 regarding a person who pretends to be very learned or 
 clever. The term is a comp. of wit, knowledge, and 
 rife, abounding in. 
 
 To WITSAUFE, W^iTCHAFFE, V. a. To 
 vouchsafe; part. pr. witchajffing, Burgh Recs. 
 Aberdeen, II. 260, Sp. C. 
 
 "That for the worschipe of the king and the gude 
 of the realme, yhe ivitsaufe to louse and deliuer frely 
 the said Inglismen." Ibid. i. 11. 
 
 These forms represent corr. pron. of vouchsafe, vrhich 
 originally was written vouch safe, i.e. warrant as safe ; 
 from 0. Fr. voucher, to vouch, cite, and sauf, safe, 
 ■which was formed from Lat. salvus. 
 
 WITSON, WiTSUN, Vytsox, s. and adj. 
 Whitsun, Whitsunday: '•'■vytson, veddyins- 
 day," Whitsun Wednesday ; Compl. Scot., 
 p. 168, E.E.T.S. 
 
 WLONK, adj. and s. As an adj. it means 
 grand, fair, comely, beautiful; superl. 
 wlonhest; Awnt. Arthure, st. 1, 27, 54, 
 Douce MS. As a s. it is applied to a lady 
 
 in the sense of fair one, fair lady, haughty 
 dame ; Dunbar, Tvva Mariit Wemen, 1. 150. 
 Errat. in Dict. 
 
 Jamiesoa's defin. of this term is a mistake, into 
 which he was probably led by the poet, phrase, wlonlccst 
 in ivedis. Wlonk has primarily no connection with 
 dress : it is simply A.-S. ivlonc, tvlanc, wlenc, grand, 
 spirited, proud, splendid ; and refers to spirit, manner, 
 bearing or appearance. See Wright's Vocabularies, 
 and Diets, of Bosworth and Ettmilller. 
 
 The last para, of the entry in Dict. must also be 
 deleted ; for, that wlonk is the origin of the term flunhie, 
 a servant in livery, is very improbable. Even granting 
 Wi&t flunhie means "gaudily dressed one," as suggested 
 by Jamieson and confirmed by Wedgwood, but dis- 
 carded by Webster and others, it cannot be derived 
 from a root that has no relation whatever to dress or 
 dressing. 
 
 WNE, s. Ane oven. V. Une. 
 
 WO, Woe, Woo, Voo, adj. Sad, sorry, 
 sorrowful, pained, miserable. Addit. to Wa, 
 Wae, q. V, 
 
 •'That hyr Grace with her chyldryn and husbond 
 cannot resort to the merchys of Ynglond. . . 1 am 
 ryght sory and voo therfor." Douglas, vol. i. p. xxiii., 
 ed. Small. 
 
 For liiif of the, for thar dyseys was luo. 
 
 Ibid., iv. 221, 13. 
 
 WOD, s. A wed, pledge ; B. R. Prestwick, 
 1554, p. 63, Mait. 0. V. Wed, s. 
 
 WOD, WuD, s. Woods ; as in the expression, 
 " Tak to the wood^' i.e. go into hiding or 
 concealment. 
 
 Wod-Craft, Wodcraftis, s. Skill in arts 
 of the chace ; Gawain Rom. 
 
 WODFAXG, Wodfaing, s. The right to cut 
 and carry away wood, i.e. firewood, from 
 a forest. V. Fang. 
 
 " The wod and wodfaing only being acceptit, provyd- 
 ing alwais that the samyn be cuttit and tane away be 
 
 the said ." Crossraguel Charters, i. 184, Ayr and 
 
 Wigton Arch. Coll. 
 
 Comp. of wod, wood, SinAfang, to seize, take. 
 
 WODHAG, s. The annual cutting of wood 
 in a forest; Crossraguel Charters, I. 195,, 
 Ayr and Wigton Arch. Coll. 
 Comp. of wod, wood, and hag, to cut. 
 
 Wod-Lynd, s. Foliage of the woods ; "under 
 wod-lynd" i.e. living in the woods; GoL 
 and Gaw., 1. 123. 
 
 WoDROiss, s. V. Dict. 
 
 As Jamieson suggested, the word in the Bann. MS. 
 is wodwiss. In the Asloan MS. it is wodivi/s. He is in 
 error, however, regarding wethis : it is wechis in the 
 Bann. MS., and watchis in the Asloan. In the next 
 line drable is err. for terrahle, Bann. MS., ov terrible, 
 Asloan MS. In the following line, ferjull isfeidfuU in 
 Bann. M8., and ferd full in Asloan. 
 
 As Pmkerton's version is so inaccurate, and as the 
 Bann. version has evidently been written to dictation, 
 we quote the passage as it stands in the Asloan MS. 
 
WOD 
 
 [278] 
 
 WON 
 
 The rouch Wodwys wyld, that bastouuis bare, 
 Our growin grysly and growe grym in eflfeir ; 
 Mair awl'uU in all thing saw I never air, 
 Baith to walk and to ward as watchis in weir. 
 That terrible felloun my spreit affrayd 
 So ferd full of fantasy, 
 I durst nocht kyth to copy 
 All other armes thar by. 
 
 Hmdate, st. 48. 
 
 In the second line growe is prob. an error of the 
 scribe. The word is redundant. 
 
 WoDWiss, Wodwys, s. A satyr, faun ; 
 Houlate, st. 48. A.-S. wude-wase. V. 
 Wodi'oiss. 
 
 VVODROME, WoDROAM, Woddram, s. 
 Furious madness ; a disease to which 
 cattle are subject, and which causes them 
 to riish about furiously: Orkn. and Shetl. 
 
 "The said sickness was taken off the said Marion, 
 and casten upon a young cow of the said John's, which 
 took ivodrome and died within twenty four hours." 
 Hibbert's Shetland, p. 594. 
 
 Comp, of ivod, mad, and roam, to run about. A.-S. 
 lood, mad, raging, to which has been added M. E. rom, 
 ram, from romen, ramen, to run about. 
 
 WOD-WRATH, Wod-Wraith, adj. Lit. 
 madlv-wrath, mad-angry; furiously enraged. 
 
 V. WOD. 
 
 Than sctir Golagrase for grief his gray ene brynt, 
 Wod-ioraith as the wynd his handis can wring. 
 
 Gol. and Oaw., st. 60. 
 ' ' Wrath as the wind " is an old proverbial expres- 
 sion common in M. Eng. It occurs in Piers Plowman, 
 iii. 328, ed. Skeat. Evidenly the allusion is to the 
 wind's fury. 
 
 WOKE, pret. Watched; Henryson, p. 198, 
 ed. Laing : ivook, Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 
 294, Dickson. V. WoUK. 
 
 WOKY, s. See under Voky, s. 
 
 To WOLDE, V. a. To rule, govern, control, 
 direct. A form of Wald, q. v. 
 
 The wirchipe of Wales to welde and to wolde. 
 
 Awnt. Arthure, st. 52. 
 The Douce MS. reads "at wolde," at will or pleasure, 
 as one would. 
 
 A.-S. waldan, to rule. 
 
 WOLENE, YoLENE, adj. Woollen; " ane 
 volene hvyme,'' a loom for weaving woollen 
 cloth ; Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 15 Oct., 
 1565, p. 69, Mait. C. V. Woll. 
 
 WOLRONN, s. Thief, robber. Fr. voleron. 
 
 Addit. to WoLROUN, q. v. 
 
 Because that Scotland of thy begging irkis, 
 Thow scapis in France to be a knyclit of the felde ; 
 Thow has thy clamschellis, and thy burdoun kelde, 
 Wnhonest wayis all, wolronn, that thou wirkis. 
 
 Dunbar and Kennedy, 1. 432, S.T.S. 
 " A knycht of the felde," a highwayman. 
 
 WOLSOME, adj. Wandering ; implying 
 homeless, houseless ones. Addit. to 
 
 WiLSUM. 
 
 To hungre meit, nor drynk to thirsty gaif. 
 Nor veseit the seik, nor did redeme the thrall, 
 Harbreit the wolsome, nor nakit cled at all, 
 Nor yit the deid to bury, take I tent. 
 
 Dunbar, I cry the mercy, 1. 29. 
 
 WOMANHEDE, s. Womanhood; Kingis 
 Quair, st. 117, ed. Skeat. 
 
 WOMBES, Wames, s. pL Bellies or belly- 
 portions of furskins. 
 
 " Beaver bellies or wombes the peice, viii s. " Rates 
 and Customs, 1612, Halyburton's Ledger, p. 305. 
 
 To WON, WoNNE, V. a. To quarry ; to cut, 
 dress, or raise stones in a quarry. V. Wix, 
 
 V. 
 
 "Licens to John Colquhoun of Kenmuir to icon als- 
 mony lymstanes in the lyme craig at the Channown 
 mos as he can with aue mell quhill Mertimasnixtociim, 
 and to won and away tak the samyn to his awiu vse 
 for tuentie merkis money." Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 
 1630, i. 374. 
 
 WONDER, WONDIR, WONDRE, WONNER, 
 WOUNDER, WUNNER, S. 1. A WOuder, 
 
 something to be wondered at. 
 
 And the schot als so thik thar was, 
 That it wes wonder for till see. 
 
 Barbour, xviL 383, Camb. MS. 
 
 Also used as a contemptuous term. 
 
 Our Whipper-in, wee blastit wonner. 
 Poor worthless elf, it eats a dinner, 
 Better than ony tenant man 
 His Honour has in a' the Ian. 
 
 Burns, The Twa Dogs. 
 
 2. Used as an adj., wonderful, grand : Bar- 
 bour, xix., 398. 
 
 3. -Used as an adv., wonderfully, extremely, 
 magnificently ; Ibid., i. 323, x. 620 ; " wowler 
 sad," Kingis Quair, st. 96; 'Ucoundir sair," 
 Douglas, 11., 113, 11, ed. Small. 
 
 To Wonder, Wonner, Wunner, v. n. To 
 
 wonder. Also used as a v. a., meaning to 
 be curious or anxious to know, as in, " I 
 wonner what's in that letter." 
 
 Wonderly, Wondirly, adv. Wondroush' ; 
 Barbour, iii. 562, i. 269, Camb. MS., Gol. 
 and Gaw., 1. 162. 
 
 WoNDRiNG, s. A marvel, wonder. V. 
 Woundring. 
 
 A.-S. wundor, a portent, wonder ; a thing which in- 
 spires awe; allied to A.-S. wandian, to turn aside 
 from, to respect, revere. V, Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 WONDING, WONDLE, WONNLE, adj. Wind- 
 ing, wrapping, infolding: as, a wonding- 
 sheet, a winding-sheet for the dead; also 
 called a ivondle or wo7inle sheet ; West of S. 
 
 *' Item, for ane wonding scheit and kist [i.e., a coflSn] 
 at the proueist command to ane lipperman, xlviij s." 
 Accts. Burgh of Glasgow, 1624-5, Rec. Soc. 
 
 WONE, s. Prob. a poet, form of wonde^ 
 
WON 
 
 [279] 
 
 WRA 
 
 wending, journey, march, travels ; in ivone, 
 during the journey or march. V. Wonde, 
 
 V. 
 
 And all thair vittalis war gone, 
 That thay weildit in ivone ; 
 Kesset coutli thai find none, 
 That suld thair bute bene. 
 
 Gol. and Oaw., 1. 87. 
 
 WONK, po'et. Winked, Lancelot of the Laik, 
 1. 1057, ed. Skeat. 
 
 WONNELS, s. A form of Winnles, q. v. 
 
 WONT, WOND, pret. Weened, thought, 
 imagined. 
 
 First quhen I did persew, 
 I wont ye had bene wyss ; 
 But now fair weill, adew, 
 I fynd yow ay so nyss. 
 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 64, ed. 1882. 
 
 A.-S. winan, to ween, imagine ; from A. -S. wM, ex- 
 pectation ; Dutch, waan, Icel. van, Goth. wens. 
 
 WOOK, pret. Watched. V. Wouk. 
 
 WOONE, WoNE, adj. Woollen. V. Woun. 
 
 WOORSOME, s. V. WouRSUM. 
 
 To WORP, V. a. To warp, to prepare the 
 foundation of a web -for the loom ; part. pr. 
 toorpiug, used also as a s.; Burgh Recs. 
 Stirling, 1662, p. 240. V. Warp. 
 
 WoRP, s. Warp of a web. 
 
 A.-S. weorpan, loerpan, to cast ; Goth, wairpan, Icel. 
 varpa. 
 
 WORRIE-BALDIE, Baldie Worrie, s. 
 A ludicrous name for an artichoke ; quasi, 
 worry (choke), Archie (Baldie) ; Gall. 
 
 WORT, Wirt, s. Snout, trunk. 
 
 "That nayswyne be haldin within this toun vtteuche 
 band or ane ring in tha.r wort." Burgh Eecs. Aberd., 
 i. 436, Sp. C. 
 
 To Wort, Worth, Wirt, v. a. To turn up 
 the earth with the snout, as a pig does ; part, 
 pr. worting, wortin, worttyne. Addit. to 
 Wort, q. v. 
 
 ". . . for the wrangwis worttyne oi ih&r s\fyr\e 
 and wnryngyt." Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 1510, p. 42, 
 Mait. 0. 
 
 A.-S. ivr6t, a snout ; from which is formed wrdtan, 
 to turn up with the snout, to root. 
 
 To WORTH, WORTHE, WOURTH, V. n. To 
 be, to happen ; Gol. and Gaw., 1. 1096 ; 
 worthes, ivortliis, is, becomes, will or shall be ; 
 Ibid., 1. 332, 833. Addit. to Worth, q. v. 
 
 WORTHELETH. V. DiCT. 
 
 As suggested by the editor, this term is an errat. for 
 wort/ielich. It was so misprinted in Pinkerton's ver- 
 sion. The Bann. MS. reads luorthellch ; and the Asloan 
 MS. loortheliche. 
 
 WOSP, WosPE, s. A wisp. V. Wisp, s. 
 
 WOT, WoTE, V. pres. I know : " wele I wote-y* 
 Kingis Quair, st. 47. V. Wat, Wait. 
 
 WOUD, Wood, adj. Forms of Wod, q. v. 
 
 WOUGH. adj. Ill, wrong, false ; Sir Tris- 
 trem, 1. 1730, S.T.S. V. Wough, s. 
 
 WOUIN, WoviN, aa[/. Woollen. V. WouN. 
 
 WOUND. V. DiCT. 
 
 Delete this entry in DiCT. As the editor suggested, 
 the term is an error for woundir or wonder used as aa 
 adv. It was misprinted wound in the ed. of 1508, and 
 Jamieson accepted it as a genuine word. 
 
 WOURDIS. A form of worthis, becomes, 
 will become ; Gol. and Gaw., 1. 822. V. 
 Word, Wordis, v. 
 
 To WOW, V. a. To vow, swear, take or give 
 
 oath upon ; E. vow. Also used for avow, 
 
 confess, own, grant. 
 
 '* . . allegand the samyn to be hir awin . . . 
 and woivis the possessioun thairof . " Burgh Rec. Glasg. , 
 11 March, 1577-8. 
 
 WOWBAT, s. A feeble, decayed person ^ 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 88, ed. 1882. V. 
 
 WOBAT, WOUBIT. 
 
 WOYELEY, adv. V. Dict. 
 
 Del. this entry in Dict. The term is a misprint for 
 wathely in Pinkerton's version of Gaw. and Sir Gal. 
 
 WRAK, Wrake, s. y. Vengeance. V» 
 Wraik. 
 
 To WRASTLE, Wrassel, v. a. and n. To 
 Wrestle. Y. Warsell. 
 
 ^' Luctor, to wrastle ; Duncan, App. Etym. 1595, ed. 
 Small, E.D.S. 
 
 This form is common in M. E. ; and is found in 
 Gower and Chaucer. The latter, in his description of 
 the miller in Cant. Tales, says, — 
 
 " At wrastling he wold bare away the ram." 
 
 A.-S. wroestUan, to wrestle; a freq. of wrcestan, to 
 wrest, twist about. 
 
 To WRAY, Wraie, Wrey, Wrie, v. a. Ta 
 accuse, slander; Sir Tristrem, 1. 2126, 
 2179, S.T.S. 
 
 Thou seyst y gan the vjrie. 
 Men seis thou bi me lay, 
 Ac thei ich wende to dye. 
 Thine erand y schal say. 
 
 Ibid., 1. 2146, S.T.S. 
 
 Wraier, s. Accuser, slanderer ; Ibid.^ 
 
 3288, S.T.S. 
 
 A.-S. wr4gnn, to accuse. Cf. Icel. rcegja (for vroegja), 
 to slander. From this source we have E. hewray, M. 
 E. bewraien, biwreyen. V. Skeat's Etym. Diet., s. v. 
 
 Wraighly, adv. Evilly, slanderously ; Gol, 
 and Gaw, st. 13 : prob. a form of wraietly. 
 Errat. in DiCT. 
 
WRA 
 
 [280] 
 
 WUS 
 
 WRAIGLANE, adj. Wriggling: "wan 
 wraiglane wasp " ; Dunbar and Kennedy, 1, 
 195. 
 
 WRAN, Vran, s. The wren: "The cutty 
 loran" the little wren : vran, Compl. Scot., 
 p. 39, E.E.T.S. : and frequently called 
 lorannie. 
 
 WRANGUS, Vrangus, adj. Wrongful; 
 Compl. Scot, p. 80, E.E.T.S. V. 
 Wrangwis. 
 
 To WREATH, Wreeth, Wreth, v. a. and n. 
 To twist, swirl, eddy, wreath ; Watty and 
 Meg, St. 1. V. Writh. 
 
 Wreath, Wreeth, Wreth, s. A wreath, 
 drift, as of snow or sand. 
 
 Ae night the storm the steeples rocked 
 Poor labour sweet in sleep was locked, 
 While burns wi snawy wreeihs upchoked 
 
 Wild eddying swirl, 
 Or thro' the mining outlet booked, 
 
 Down headlong hurl. 
 
 Bums, A Winter Night, st. 2. 
 
 Wrething, Wraithest, part, and s. Twisting, 
 twining, as in " lorethin strae-rapes : " 
 swirling, eddying, Avreathing ; as " The 
 snaw Avas loraithin in the glen." Also, 
 turning, varjang, variation, change, as in 
 *' lorething lesse or more." V. Writh. 
 
 And how so be [it], that sum clerkis trete 
 That all your chance causit Is tofore 
 
 Heigh In the hevin, by quhois effectis grete 
 Ye movit are to wrethiiig lesse or more. 
 
 Hingis Quair, st. 146, ed. Skeat. 
 
 WRECHIT, adj. Wretched ; Kingis Quair, 
 St. 167. V. Wretch. 
 
 A.-S. wrecca, an outcast, an exile : from icrecan, to 
 drive, urge, hence to exile. M. E. wrecche. 
 
 To WREST, V. a. To twist, rack, wrench ; 
 hence, to torture : part. pt. wrest, Addit. 
 to Wreist, q. V. 
 
 And all myn auenture 
 I gan oure-hayle, that langer slepe ne rest 
 Ne myght I nat, so were my wittis wrest. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 10, ed. Skeat. 
 A.-S. mrcestan, to twist forcibly, wrench. 
 
 Sorrowful, sorely grieved, 
 
 WREUCH, adj. 
 wretched. 
 
 Robene murnit, and Makyne leuche ; 
 
 Scho sang, he sichit sair : 
 And so left him bayth wo and wreuch, 
 
 In dolour and in cair, 
 Kepand his bird under a huche, 
 Amangis the holtis hair. 
 
 Henryson, Robene and Makyne, 1. 125. 
 
 " Wretchedness," which is Sibbald's defin. oi Reuch, 
 
 adopted by Jamieson, is not correct : the word is an 
 
 adj. It seems to be the Icel. hryggr, afflicted, grieved, 
 
 distressed ; corresponding to the A. -S. kreowig, and E. 
 
 rUPful. V. ViGFUSSON. 
 
 To WREY, Wrie, v. a. To slander. V. 
 Wray. 
 
 To WRING, V. a. To wring the hands, la- 
 ment; Kingis Quair, st. 57. 
 
 To WRITH, Wryth, Wreth, Wreeth, 
 Wreath, v. a. 1. To turn, twist, sway; 
 hence to govern, control, direct; Kingis 
 Quair, st. 107. Also, to turn aside, with- 
 draw, remove, unfold. 
 
 Or I sail, with my fader old Saturne, 
 
 And with all hale oure hevinly alliance. 
 Our glad aspectis from thame lorith and turne. 
 
 Ibid., St. 122, ed. Skeat. 
 
 2. To twist, pluck up, thrust or drive out. 
 
 The Lady was wow'd, but scho said nay 
 
 With men that wald hir wed ; 
 Sa suld we wryth all syn away, 
 
 That in our breist is bred. 
 
 Henryson, The Bli(dy Serk, 1. 107. 
 
 3. To swirl, eddy, drift, wreath, like snow or 
 sand : hence, to overlay, bank or block up. 
 
 Keen the frosty winds were blawing, 
 Deep the snaw had toreath'd the ploughs. 
 
 Alex. Wilson, Watty and Meg, st. 1. 
 
 A.-S. wriihan, to twist about ; Icel. ritha, Dan. vride, 
 Swed. vrida, to wring, twist, turn. 
 
 WROKKIN, part. pt. Avenged, Henryson, 
 Wolf and Lamb, I 45. V. Wroken. 
 
 To WRY, Wreye, v. a. V. DiOT. 
 
 Delete the quotation from Kingis Quair and the ac- 
 companying note under the entry in DiCT. To-iorye is 
 there a compound verb with the prefix to- ; cf. " dis- 
 torqueo, ic td-writhe," .^Ifric's Glossary, ed. Zupitza, 
 p. 155. See note in Gloss, to Kingis Quair, ed. Skeat, 
 
 Wry, Wrye, adj. Twisted, turned aside : 
 hence crooked, uneven. Oji lory, awry ; 
 Barbour, iv. 705, Camb. MS., Kingis Quair, 
 St. 73. 
 
 To WRYTH, V. a. To twist. V. Writh. 
 
 WSCHA, WSSAY, s. Issue, completion, close. 
 V. Ushie, Ische. 
 
 "That day was the lossay of the chamerlan ayr." 
 Burgh Recs. Peebles, 1437, p. 124. 
 
 The term here implies the making up of the records, 
 accounts, and claims of the court. 
 
 WTINLAND, s. Pasture land. V. Utinland. 
 
 WUD, WiD, pret. Would. V. Wad. 
 
 WUDDLE, V. and s. V. Widdle. 
 
 WUGH, s. Woe. V. Wouch, Wough. 
 
 WUMBLE, WoMBLE, WOMMEL, s. A wimble, 
 auger. V. Wummil. 
 
 WUN, WvxE, part. pt. Kept under control, 
 subdued. V. Won, v. n., Win, v. n. 
 
 Fra raige of yowth the rynk hes rune. 
 And ressone tane the man to tune, 
 The brukle body than is wmie. 
 And maid ane veschell new. 
 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 77, ed. 1882. 
 
 WUST, pret. Wist, knew. V. WoST. 
 
WYG 
 
 [281] 
 
 YAI 
 
 WY, Wye, Wygh, Wyghe, Way, s. Man, 
 soldier, knight; pi. wyes, wyis, wyghes. 
 Occurs freq. in Gawain Romances, and 
 applied to God in Green Knight, 1. 2441. 
 The pi. form wayis occiTrs in Houlate, st. 
 39, Bann. MS. A.-S. wiga, a warrior. 
 
 WYANDOUR, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Regarding Macpherson's note under this word in his 
 Gloss, to Wyntown, it may be remarked that, while the 
 1561 ed. of Chaucer has viended, supplied with meat, 
 the MSS. have envyned, i.e., furnished with wine. 
 
 To WYCIE, V. a. To vitiate ; Houlate, st. 
 71. V. Vide. 
 
 WYDQUHARE, adv. V. Wide-Whare. 
 
 WYG, Wygg, Wygge, s. A kind of bread. 
 Y. Wig. 
 
 WYLD AVENTOURIS, Wyld Auntouris, 
 s. pi. V. Aventour. 
 
 To WYLE, Wile, u. a. To select. V. Wile, 
 Wale. 
 
 WYLECOT, Wylygoat, s. V. Wilie-goat. 
 
 WYN, s. Pleasure, dehght. V. Win. 
 
 Wynly, adv. Pleasantly. V. Winly. 
 
 To WYN, Wyne, v. n. To dwell, abide. V. 
 Won. 
 
 WYND, 8. Y. Dict. 
 
 Delete the entry in Dict. : wynd simply means wind. 
 Jamieson was misled by a mistake in the version from 
 which he quoted. In the second line of the quotation 
 Pinkerton printed and for ad, which in the ed. of 1508 
 was a misprint for as. The line originally ran thus : — 
 Wod-wraith as the wynd, his handis can wring. 
 
 Ool. and Gaw., 1. 770. 
 
 WYNDES, Wyndles, s. pi. Winch, wind- 
 lass, block and tackle ; Burgh Recs. Aber- 
 deen, II. 321, 335 ; wyndles, II. 342, Sp. C. ; 
 Burgh Recs. Edinburgh, I. 99, Rec. Soc. 
 Addit. to WiNDis, q. v. 
 
 WYNING, Vyning, s. Gain, profit, interest. 
 V. Winning. 
 
 WYSSIL, s. Exchange. V. Wissle. 
 
 To WYT, V. a. V. Dict. 
 
 Delete this entry in Dict. Wyt, in the passage 
 quoted, ia an error for ivylh, with, in the sense of 
 against. MS. has w?/'. The same error occurs in vii. 
 621 of the same work. See Skeat's ed. of Barbour, p. 
 175, footnote. 
 
 To WYTE, V. n. To escape, go, depart, 
 vanish. 
 
 For alle the welthe of this werlde thus awaye vyytis. 
 Awnt. Arthure, st. 17. 
 
 Lat. vitare, to shun, avoid, escape. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Y,pron. I; Sir Tristrem, 1. 764, 811. 
 
 Y-, prefix. The same as I-, q. v. Words of 
 modern Eng. form with this prefix have not 
 been included in the following lists, except 
 when some peculiarity of meaning or use is 
 attached to them. 
 
 YADE, Yaid, Yaud, Yawd, Yawde, s. 
 Common pron. of jade, when used as a 
 familiar or contemptuous name for a female- 
 servant, or a female of slovenly habit 
 or vicious nature : "/rem yawde,'^ used in 
 last sense in Burgh Recs. Stirling, 1545, p. 
 41. Addit. to Yad, q. v. Icel. jalda, a 
 mare. 
 
 Yad-skyvar, s. Del. the entry under this 
 heading in Dict., and take the following. 
 
 Yadswyvar, s. a vulgar name for the man 
 who leads about a stallion during the cover- 
 (Sup.) M * 
 
 ing season : used also as a contemptuous 
 
 term for a lazy, mean fellow; Dunbar and 
 
 Kennedy, 1. 246. 
 
 A comp. of yad and swive, which Allan Ramsay 
 misprinted yadskyvar in his Evergreen, from which it 
 passed into the Dict. 
 
 YAF, pret. Gave ; Sir Tristrem, 1. 226, 265, 
 
 S.T.S. 
 
 YAID, Yade, pret. 1. Went ; Lyndsay, Pap- 
 yngo, 1. 560. Mod. Sc. gaed. V, Yede, 
 Yeid. 
 
 2. Used as an adj., meaning spent, worn-out, 
 wasted, done, as in '' ane auld yaid aver," 
 i.e. an old worn-out horse; Dunbar, Peti- 
 tion of the Gray Horse, 1. 25. 
 
 YAILL, s. A gable ; Burgh Recs. Stirling, 
 
 1597, p. &6. V. Gal, Gayl. 
 
 This may be a misreading of gaill, or a local pron. of 
 it. Oable is the 0. Fr. gable, from L. Lat. (jahulum. 
 
YAI 
 
 [282] 
 
 YDE 
 
 which came from H. M. Ger. gabele, a fork, gebel, a 
 gable. 
 
 YAIP, Yaipe, adj. Eager, keen; Houlate, 
 1. 602. V. Yape. 
 
 Before the etym. given ia Dict. under Yape set the 
 following: — A.-S. gedp, wide, spacious. 
 
 YAIR, adj. Ready. V. Yake. 
 
 To YAIRN, Yarn, Yarne, v. a. To yearn. 
 V. Yarne, adj., Yearn, v. 
 
 YALOW, Yallow, adj. Yellow; Kingis 
 Quair, st. 95, ed. JSkeat, S.T.S. ; Douglas, 
 in. 82, 13, Small. 
 
 YALT, pret. Yielded; Sir Tristrem, 1. 261, 
 S. T. S. V. Yald, Yelde. 
 
 YANE, Yen, adj. One. 
 
 Yance, Yence, adv. Once. 
 
 Yanesell, Yansell, Yensel, s. One's self. 
 
 These forms represent the pron, still common in the 
 West and South of Scot., aud in the North of Eng- 
 land. 
 
 YARD, Yaird, s. a yard, court-yard, en- 
 closure ; the uncovered grounds of a public 
 work, as a ta.n-yard, ho'dt-7/a7'd, wood-t/ai'd. 
 Addit. to Yard, q. v. 
 
 "Item, for druwyng of the lang treis fra the bate to 
 the yard, - - viijd." 
 
 "Item, giflfyne for sorten of the tymmyr in the yard, 
 . . iijs. iijd." Accts. L. H. Treas., i., 248, Dickson. 
 
 Yard-Foot, Yaird-Fut, s. The lower end 
 
 of a garden: the opposite end was called 
 
 the yaird-heid. 
 
 " It is statut and ordanit • . . to clois vp thair 
 yaird futtis withm the closis." Burgh Recs. Peebles, 
 1572, p. 343, Rec. Soc. 
 
 YARE, Yar, ado. Yore; yare syne, long 
 
 since, long ago. 
 
 A.-S. gedra, yore, formerly. Yare being simply the 
 Northern form of yore. 
 
 To YARK, YERK, v. a. To wrench or twist 
 forcibly, to jerk ; " He yarkit it out o' my 
 han'." Addit. to Yark, Yerk, q. v. 
 
 Yarking-Fat, Yerking-Fat, s. The vat or 
 
 vessel in which malt was yarked or fermented 
 
 in former days. V. Yerk, v. 
 
 ". . . a masking fat, a wort stane, a saa, a 
 yarking fat." Reg. Mag. Sig„ 1424-1513, No. 812. 
 Rec. fcier. 
 
 YARM, s. The loud, wild cry of a cat ; 
 Orcadian Sketch Book. V. YiRM. 
 
 To Yarm, v. n. To howl, yell, cry like a 
 wild beast; part. pr. yamiand, howling. V. 
 
 YlRM. 
 
 M. E. yarmen, to howl, cry ; Stratmann. Cf. Icel. 
 jarmr, a bleatiug. 
 
 Yirm, as its meaning indicates, is a weakened form 
 of yarm : see under Yirm in Dict. 
 
 YARNUT, s. An earth-nut. V. Arnut. 
 
 YATE, s. Gate. V. Yet. 
 
 Yate-Cheek, Yate-Stoop, s. The post or 
 side of a gate. V. Yet-Cheek. 
 
 YAUE, Yaf, pret. Gave, bestowed ; Sir 
 Tristrem, 1. 502, 226, S.T.S. 
 
 YAUK, V. and s. Ache. V. Yaik. 
 
 Yauking, Yavki^, part., adj., and s. Aching ; 
 as " Yaukin banes are sair to bide ; " West 
 of S. 
 
 Yeuken is sometimes used in this sense, but probably 
 through carelessness. Burns, however, so used it when 
 he wrote, "If Warren Hastings' neck was yeukin ;" 
 for he certainly implied aching or quaking with fear, 
 afraid of his neck. V. under Youk, Yeuk. 
 
 YAULD, adj. Sprightly, strong. V. Yald. 
 
 YAUMER, Yawmer, v. and s. V. Yamer. 
 
 YAWD, Yawde, s. V. Yad, Yade. 
 
 Y13AIK, pai't. pt. Baked, seasoned; Douglas, 
 Virgil, IV. 52, 13, Small. 
 
 YBE, part. pt. Been ; Douglas, Virgil, IV. 
 11, 21, Small. 
 
 YBERYIT, part. pt. Buried ; Douglas, Vir- 
 gil, 11. 84, 2, Small. 
 
 YBETE, V. n. To beat, fall heavily ; Kingis 
 Quair, st. 116, ed. Skeat, S.T.S. 
 
 Y^Rl^T, part. pt. Burnt; Douglas, II. 181, 
 7, Small. 
 
 YCACHT, Ycaght, Ycaht, part. pt. 
 Caught. V. Cackt. 
 
 YChJAAT,part.pt. Called; Kingis Quair, 
 St. 170, ed. Skeat, S.T.S. 
 
 YCLEPED, YcLEPiT, part. pt. Called; 
 bir Tristrem, 1. 1674, S.T.S.; Douglas, II. 
 123, 13, Small. 
 
 YCONOMUS, Yconimouse, s. V. Icono- 
 
 MUS. 
 
 YCONQUEST, part. pt. Conquered ; Doug- 
 las, Virgil, iv., 15, 14, Small. 
 
 YDANTLY, Ydenly, adv. Industriously, 
 continuously; Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. Ill, 
 S. T. S. V. Ydant. 
 
 YDEOTRYE, Ydiotry, s. Idiocy, state of 
 
 idiocy; Accts. L. H. Treas., I. 238, 239, 
 
 Dickson ; Orig. Paroch., II. pt. 2, 662. 
 
 The Brief of Ydiotry mentioned in the Treasurer's 
 Accounts was "a writ directed from Chancery to a 
 sheriff, or other judge competent, to ascertain by the 
 
YDR 
 
 [283] 
 
 YEU 
 
 verdict of an assize the state of mind of an individual 
 alleged to be incompetent to manage his own affairs ; 
 and also who was his nearest agnate or relative on the 
 father's side, of proper age (twenty-five years), and 
 capable of having the charge devolved upon him." 
 
 YD RED, part pt. Dreaded ; Douglas, Virgil, 
 iv. 106, 7, Small. 
 
 YEALINGS, Yealtns, Yeelins, s. pi. 
 Coevals. V. Yeildins, Eildins. 
 
 Most prob. a der. from eild, age ; but also said to be 
 a corr. of yearling. 
 
 To YE ALP, Yalp, v. n. To yelp as a dog. 
 
 " Gannio, to yealp like a dogge;" Duncan, App. 
 Etym., 1595, ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 YEAK, s. Year, years; used for the plural 
 as well as the singular : as, " He was a pren- 
 tice for five year." To yeir, this year, now, 
 at present; Douglas, II. 198, 12, Small. 
 
 The word is so used in the N. of England also ; see 
 Brockett's Gloss. 
 
 To YE ARN, Yairn, Yarne, Yarn, v. a. and n. 
 
 To desire, long for, crave, claim ; Lyndsay, 
 Thrie Estaitis, 1. 941, Oomplaynt, 1. .50 : also, 
 to sue for or strive for secretly ; Dunbar, 
 We Lordis hes Ohosin, 1. 26. 
 
 Quhen kirkmen yairnis na dignitie, 
 Nor wyfRs no soveranitie ; 
 Wynter but frost, snaw, wynd, or rane, 
 Than sail I gave thy gold agane. 
 
 Lyndsay, Compl. 1. 471. 
 
 A.-S. gyrnan. to yearn ; from georn, desirous; Icel. 
 girna, to desire, from gjarn, eager, 
 
 YEID, Yed, pret. Went ; Gol. and Gawane, 1. 
 228; Compl. Scot., p. 159, E.E.T.S; yed, 
 Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 249 ; Mod. S. gaede, 
 gaed. Y. Yede. 
 
 YEILD, Yeil, adj. Bare, bald. Addit. to 
 Yeld, Yeald, q. v. 
 
 *' Glaber, -bra, -brum; held, yeild, depilis ; " Duncan, 
 App. Etym., 1595, ed. Small, "E. D. S. 
 
 To YELDE, Yeild, v. a. To yield, give up ; 
 Sir Tristrem, 1. 936, 2317 ; pret. yeld, yalt, 
 yold, yolde, Ibid., 1. 3248, 261, 307, 1987, 
 S. T. S. ; yeild, yielded, gave way, belched 
 out, Lyndsay, Thrie Estaitis, 1. 4364 : part, 
 pt. yoldin, yielded, rendered ; Gol. and 
 Gawane, 1. 1126; Douglas, I. 97, 18, Small. 
 
 YEMAN, YoMAN, Yyman, s. An official 
 next in rank to a ijentleman of the house- 
 hold ; Accts. L. ■ H. Treas., I. 55, 268. 
 Addit. to Yeman, q. v. 
 
 "Item, gevin to Vchiltree, yeman of the Kingis 
 stable, passande to Dere for a hors to the King, . . 
 xxs.'' 
 
 " Item, gevin to Desert, yeman of the Qwenis stable, 
 passande certane chargis to Dunkeldin, . . vj s." 
 Ibid., p. 50. 
 
 In the royal household there were two grades of 
 officers below the yemen or yomen : first the groom, 
 and below him the page. 
 
 YER, YoR, poss. adj. Your: " yer ain 
 father," i.e., your own father. 
 
 Yersell, Yer-ain-sell, s. Yourself. 
 
 YERB, Yarb, s. An herb. Addit. to Yirb, 
 q. V. 
 
 YERD, Yerde, s. A rod or staff, a wand, 
 as, ' the king's yerd,' the king's wand, i.e., 
 the sceptre. 
 
 A.-S. gyrd, gierd, a rod, twig ; Du. garde. 
 
 To YERE, Yerre, v. n. To yell, scream ; 
 
 forms of YiRR, q. v. 
 
 Prob. an intens. form of yirre, to snarl or growl like 
 a dog. A.-S. georran, gyrran, to creak: cf. Lat. 
 garrire. 
 
 YERKING-FAT, s. V. YarUng-fat. 
 
 YERN, Yerne, adv. Quick! v; Sir Tris- 
 trem, 1. 3065, S. T. S. V. Yarne. 
 
 YE'S, Ye'se, Yeis, s. a contr. form of ye 
 sal, which was the Old Northern form of 
 ye shall. The 's should, more correctly be 
 written «'. V. under S, 'S. 
 
 Come lend to me some sarkin, 
 
 Wi' a' the haste ye dow, 
 And ye'se be weel pay'd back again, 
 
 When ance I spin my tow. 
 
 Song, The Weary Fund o' Toio, 0. V. 
 I gang this gait with richt gude will ; 
 Sir Wantonness, tarie ye still. 
 And Hamelines the cap yeis fill. 
 
 And beir him cumpanie. 
 
 Lyndsay, Thrie Estaitis, 1. 537. 
 
 To YET, Yett, v. n. To shed; "yettand 
 teris;" Douglas, II. 140, 8, Small: to 
 gush, rush, dash; as, "the spate yet owre 
 the linn." Addit. to Yet, q. v. 
 
 Yetling, s. Applied to various articles made 
 of cast-iron ; pi. yeflingis, cast-iron guns ; 
 Bnrgh Recs. Edinburiih, IV. 51, Rec. Soc. 
 Addit. to Yetland, Yetlin, q. v. 
 
 YETERIE, Yetrte, adj. Same as Eterie, 
 Etrie, q. v. Also, severe, excessive, tor- 
 menting; as, "a yetrie yisking," a severe or 
 tormenting hiccup; also applied to a severe, 
 troublesome spit accompanying a cough. 
 
 The expression yed ire yoskingis, excessive or deep 
 sobs, occurs in Allit. Rom. Alex., 1. 5044, ed. Skeat. 
 
 YETIN, Yeten, s. A giant : forms of Etin, 
 q. v. Icel. jotunn. 
 
 To YEUE, V. a. To give ; Sir Tristrem, 1. 
 2921 : pret. yaue, yaf ; Ibid., 1. 502, 226: 
 imper. yeueth, yif ; Ibid., 1. 2265, 1650, 
 S. T. S. 
 
YEW 
 
 [284] 
 
 YON 
 
 YEW, s. A ewe. V. Yow. 
 
 YFALLE, part. pt. Fallen ; Sir Tristrem, 1. 
 1937, S. T. S. 
 
 YFEDDE, part. pt. Fed, well fed; Sir 
 Tristrem, 1. 448, S. T. S. 
 
 YFOLD, pret. Felled, smote. 
 
 Beliagog the bold, 
 As alende he laught ; 
 Tristrem liif neighe he sold, 
 As tornas hath ous taught ; 
 Tristrem smot, as god wold, 
 His foot of at adraught ; 
 Adoun he fel y fold, 
 That man of michel maiight. 
 
 Sir Tristrem, 1. 2790, S. T. S. 
 
 Fd liere means many : a form of Fele, q. v. 
 
 YGADRED, part. pt. Gathered ; Sir Tris- 
 trem, 1. 2369, S. T. S. 
 
 YHIG HT, par^.p^. Promised; Sir Tristrem, 
 1. 1966, S.T.S. 
 
 YHOLD, part. pt. Held ; Sir Tristrem, 1. 
 949, S.T.S. 
 
 YIF, YiUE, conj. If; Sir Tristrem, 1. 275, 
 725, S.T.S. V. GiF. 
 
 YIF, YiFSTOW, V. V. Yiue, v. 
 
 YiFT, s. Gift; Sir Tristrem, 1. 627: pi. 
 yiftes, 1. 502, S.T.S. 
 
 YINGLING, s. A young person, youth, 
 maiden; Douglas, III. 343, 25, Small. V. 
 
 YiNG. 
 
 To YIRN, YiRNN, V. a. and n. V. Yearn. 
 
 YIS, adv. Yes; Sir Tristrem, 1. 436, S.T.S. 
 
 YIT, adv. Yet, still ; Kitigis Quair, st. 63, 
 ed. Skeat, S.T.S. 
 
 YIUE, conj. If. V. Yif. 
 
 To YIUE, Yif, v. a. To give ; Sir Tristrem, 
 1. 606, 1830; yijstow, givest thou. Ibid., 1. 
 1851 ; imper. yif^ give, Ibid., 1. 1650, 1925, 
 
 S.T.S. 
 
 YLACHT, Ylaght, Ylaht, part.pt. Caught, 
 taken, captured. V. Lacht. 
 
 YLE, s. An island ; " the braid Yle of 
 Bretane," Lyndsay, The Dreme, 1. 791. 
 
 O. Fr. isle, later He, an island : from Lat. insula, an 
 island. 
 
 YLERD, part. pt. Taught, informed; Sir 
 Tristrem, 1. 3036, S.T.S. 
 
 YLIKE, adv. Alike; Kingis Quair, st. 70, 
 ed. Skeat, S.T.S. 
 
 To YLL, V. V. and a. To become ill, sicken ; 
 to make ill, harm, injure, damage; pret. 
 
 yllit ; Burgh Recs. Prestwick, 1528, p. 52, 
 Mait. 0. V. III. 
 
 To YMAGYN, v. a. To imagine ; pret. and 
 part, pt., ymagynit ; Kingis Quair, st. 13, 
 ed. Skeat, S.T.S. 
 
 YOID, pret. Went ; a form of Yode, q. v. 
 
 YOK, YoiK, s. Yoke, bondage, service ; " in 
 
 lufis yok,'" Kingis Quair, st. 193, ed. Skeat, 
 
 S. T. S. ; Compl. Scot., p. 101, E. E. T. S. ; 
 
 yoilk, Ibid., p. 31. Addit. to YoK, q. v. 
 
 The Ik in yoilk is an example of kk in the old con- 
 tracted form of writing. Indeed, the word ought to be 
 printed yoikk. See under Bolk. 
 
 Yoking, Yokin, s. A day's vs^ork of a carter 
 or farm-servant ; Whistle Binkie, I. 131. 
 Addit. to Yoking, q. v. 
 
 YOLD, YOLDIN. Y. under Yelde. 
 
 YON, YONE, adj. Yon, that ; Kingis Quair, 
 st. 88 ; those, as, " Bring yon books ; " and 
 so in Kingis Quair, st. 83, ed. Skeat, S. T. S. 
 
 YoND, YONT, adj. Opposite, farther, far- 
 ther off: as, " Take the yond or yo7it side o' 
 the hill." Comparative, yonder^ yondir ; 
 Burgh Recs. Prestwick, p. 8, Mait. C. V. 
 YOUND. 
 
 YoND, YoNT, adv. Yonder; Kingis Quair, 
 St. 57, ed. Skeat; Sir Tristrem, 1. 355, 468, 
 S. T. S. ; also, farther on, farther over, from 
 one place to another : as, " Gang yont to 
 the next farm ; " " Lie yont ; " " Hirsel 
 yont ; " " Briug't wi' ye when ye come 
 yont." V. under YoUND. 
 
 YoND, p7'ep. Beyond, past. V. YoNT. 
 
 YoNMEST, adj. Farthest off ; Burgh Recs. 
 Glasgow, I. 286 ; superl. of yon. 
 
 YONG, adj. Young ; Kingis Quair, st. 7, 
 ed. Skeat. V. Ying. 
 
 YONGKER, YONGKEYR, Y^OUNGKER, YONKER, 
 
 s. A stripling, young person ; Douglas 
 Virgil, 23, 5, Rudd., II. 40, 3, Small. 
 
 This is properly not an English word, but borrowed 
 from Dutch. Of. Du. jonker, also written jonkheer 
 ( -Jong heer, young sir). 
 
 YONGLING, YONGLYNG, YOUNGLING, S. Y^'oung 
 person ; young man, youth ; Sir Tristrem, 1. 
 859, S. T. S.: young woman r Douglas, IV., 
 52, 22, Small. Also used as an adj., as in 
 " the youngling cottagers ; " Burns, Cot. 
 Sat. Night. 
 
 YONG FROW, s. A block without a sheave, 
 forming part of the rigging connected with 
 
yop 
 
 [285] 
 
 YSE 
 
 the round top in a ship ; pi. yong frowis^ 
 
 Dutch jonkvrouw. 
 
 "Item, gevin to Johne Lam for boltis, chenyeis, 
 yong frowis, and collaris, seme and rufe to the bote, . 
 . . iij. li. xiiij. s." Accts. L. H. Treas., i. 254, 
 Dickson. 
 
 YOPINDALE, YopiNDAiL, Yowpindall, 
 s. A popular name for the Joachim thaler, 
 a silver coin of the sixteenth century, which 
 varied in value from fifteen to twenty shil- 
 lings Scots ; Balfour, Oppr. in Orkn. and 
 Shetl., pp. 37-48. Errat. in Dict. 
 
 Jamieson's rendering of this term is a mistake, for 
 which it is impossible to account. The passages quoted 
 by him certainly indicate that the yop'mdail was a coin 
 in common use : see quotations in Dict. It is fre- 
 quently mentioned in documents of the sixteenth cen- 
 tury, and appears to have been much in use in the 
 northern counties of Scotland, and in Orkney and 
 Shetland. In the last named district it was rated at 
 fifteen shillings Scots in 1541 ; but it was afterwards 
 raised by Earl Robert to the value of twenty shillings 
 Scots ; and at this rate we find it current in 1572: see 
 Gloss. Balfour's Odall Rights. Although perhaps best 
 known as the Austrian dollar, it really was a Joachim 
 thaler, as it was minted at Joachimsthal, a free mining 
 town of Bohemia, in the Erzgebirge, in 1518. V. Proc. 
 Soc. Antiq. Scot., 1883-4, p. 285, 
 
 The name is evidently a corr. of Yolcimdale, i.e., 
 Joachim-dale. 
 
 YORE, YoiR, adj. Ready. V. Yaee. 
 
 Yore, adv. Readily; Sir Tristrem, 1. 2182, 
 S. T. S. ' 
 
 YOUDITH, s. v. Dict. 
 
 The M. Eng. form was youthe ; but there were older 
 forms, yutvethe, and yiiyetke, from which youdiih was 
 obtained by the insertion of d. 
 
 To YOUK, Yeuk, Yuke, Yuck, v. n. To 
 have an uneasy feeling, to have a feeling of 
 fear, dread, or eager desire ; hence, to be 
 stirred, moved, or influenced by feeling or 
 circumstance. Addit. to YouK, q. v. 
 
 The meanings of YouK are similar to those of E. 
 itch : and sometimes it is used in the sense of yank, 
 yaik, to ache, as when Burns wrote, " If Warren 
 Hastings' neck was (i/e«^w," i.e., if he were afraid of 
 his neck, or had an apprehension that he might be 
 executed. And indeed ' ' the neck yeuking " is invari- 
 ably used in the sense of dreading the gallows — not 
 longing for it, as Jamieson explained the phrase ; see 
 under Youk. No doubt yeuking generally implies 
 liking, longing, desire for, and is used as a sign of sat- 
 isfaction, pleasure, delight ; but the context always 
 makes clear which of the meanings is intended, as in 
 the passage — 
 
 And aft as chance he comes thee nigh, 
 Thy auld ■ elbow yeuks with joy, 
 
 which Burns wrote to express the delight of Satan at 
 the prospect of another capture. V, Poem on Life. 
 
 YOURE ALLERIS. Of you all : '' youre 
 alleris frend;" Kingis Quair, st. 113, ed. 
 
 Skeat, S. T. S. 
 In his note on this expression Prof. Skeat says : — 
 
 " Aller is for A.-S. ealra, gen. pi. of eal, all. Hence 
 alleris is formed by the needless addition of the pi. 
 suffix is. . . . Your was originally the gen. pi. of 
 the personal pronoun." Ibid., p. 81. 
 
 To YOW, V. n. Errat. in DiCT. for Yowl. 
 V. YouL, Yowl. 
 
 In the quotation the word is printed yowl, and as 
 both text and context support the reading, it must 
 therefore be retained. Yowl, or youl, is the M. Eng. 
 goulen, to howl, caterwaul. 
 
 YOWILL, YowELL, s. V. Yule. 
 
 YOWISWORTH, YowswoRTH, A propor- 
 tion of odal-land equal to one-tenth of a 
 peunyland ; Gloss, Balfour's Odall Rights 
 and Feudal Wrongs. 
 
 YOWL, V. and s. Howl, caterwaul; Gait, 
 
 Ann, of the Par., oh. xlv. Addit, to YouL, 
 
 q,v. 
 
 Allied to goivl, goul, M. Eng, goulen, from 0, Icel, 
 gaula, to gowl, howl, bellow, 
 
 YOWLLIS YALD, s. V. under Yule, s. 
 
 YPLET, part. pt. Plaited, folded ; Douglas, 
 IV., 99, 20, Small. 
 
 YPOCRAS, s. A drink composed of white 
 or red wine and spices ; spiced wine. 
 
 I kneillit law and vnheildit my held, 
 And tho I saw our ladyis twa and twa, 
 Sittand on deissis, familiars to and fra 
 Seruand thame fast with ypocras and meid, 
 Delicait nieitis, dainteis seir alswa, 
 
 Douglas, Palice of Honour, i. 45, 15, Small. 
 Ypocras, Mod. Eng. Hippocras. ' ' A cordial made 
 of Lisbon and Canary wines, bruised spices, and sugar ; 
 so named from the strainer through which it is passed, 
 called by apothecaries Hippocrates sleeve. Hippocrates 
 in the middle ages was called Ypocras or Hippocras." 
 Brewer, Dict. Phrase and Fable. 
 
 YPOTHEGAR, s. An apothecary : Burgh 
 Recs. Edin., 2 Jan., 1509-10, Rec. Soc. 
 
 YREN, Yen, Yrne, s. Iron ; Sir Tristrem, 
 1. 2229, 2236, S.T.S. ; Compl. Scot., p. 10, 
 28, E.E.T.S. 
 
 YSCHAPPIT, part. pt. Shaped. 
 
 The vmbrate treis that Tytan about wappit, 
 War portrait and on the eirth yschappit 
 Be goldin bemis viuificatiue. 
 Douglas, Palice of Honour, prol. p. 2, 21, Small. 
 
 YSCHROWD, part. pt. Shrouded, dressed, 
 decked ; Douglas, IV., 69, 24, ed. Small. 
 
 YSE, Y-SE, V. a. See, behold; Sir Tris- 
 trem, 1. 1337, S.T.S.; pret. yseighe, ssiWj 
 Ibid., ]. 2062 ; part. pt. ysene, Ibid., 1. 1052. 
 
 Marke seyd : — " Wayleway 
 That ich it schiild y sene 
 Swiche thing ! " 
 
 Ibid., 1. 1141, S.T.S. 
 Schuld y sene has here the force of should have seen, 
 which is commonly prou. shuld 'a seen. 
 
YSE 
 
 [286] 
 
 YUR 
 
 YSEL, YsiL, IsEL, IsiL, s. A hot ember or 
 cinder, a fire-spark, a spark. V. Aizle, 
 
 ElZEL. 
 A.-S. ysel, ysele, a fire spark, spark. 
 
 YSLAWE, part. pt. Slain ; Sir Tristrem, 1. 
 3335, S.T.S. 
 
 YSONDER, YsowNDiR, adv. Asunder; 
 Douglas, ii. 29, 19, Small. 
 
 YSOPE, s. Hyssop; Compl. Scot, p. 67. 
 E.E.T.S. 
 
 YSOWPIT, part. pt. Steeped, soaked, 
 moistened; Douglas, Virgil, III. 75, 13, 
 Small. V. Sowp. 
 
 YSPRAD, part. pt. Spread over, stocked; 
 Sir Tristrem, 1. 442, S.T.S. 
 
 YSTEKE, part. pt. Stuck, stabbed, pierced, 
 
 Mine hert hye hath ysteke, 
 Brengwain bright and fre, 
 That frende ; 
 Blithe no may ich be, 
 Til y se that hende. 
 
 Sir Tristrem. 1. 2999, S.T.S. 
 
 YSTOND, part. pt. Stood ; Sir Tristrem, 
 1. 973, S.T.S. 
 
 YTHES, Ithes, s. pi. Waves, waters, the 
 sea ; Allit. Rom. Alexander, 1. 1039, 63. 
 
 YTHRUNGIN, part. pt. Pushed together, 
 thrust : " vp ythrungin" thrust upwards ; 
 Kingis Quair, st. 165, ed. Skeat, S.T.S. 
 V. Ythrangin. 
 
 YTINT, Ytent, part. pt. Lost'; Sir Tris- 
 trem, 1. 3321 : 7/tent, 1. 1911. V. Tine, v. 
 
 YUCK, YuK, V. and «. Itch. V. Youk. 
 
 YuCKY, YuiKY, adj. Itchy, itching. V. 
 
 YOUKY. 
 
 YUDE, Yhude, pret. Went; Gol. and 
 Gawane, 1. 304, 577. V. Yede. 
 
 YULE, Yum, Yowl, s. Short for Yule gift. 
 Yule reward, Yule livery, &c. Addit. to 
 Yule, q. v. 
 
 The term is frequently so used in Burgh and House- 
 hold Accts. It was a general custom to give presents, 
 rewards, liveries, &c., to officers, servants, and depen- 
 dants at the season of Yule or Christmas ; and what- 
 ever the party received was called his or her Yule, just 
 as we still call similar gifts one's Hogmanay or New 
 Year. In the case of household servants this gift very 
 naturally came to be reckoned as part of their hire, 
 and was often called their Yule-wages. Even the dumb 
 animals were not forgotten at this festive season, for it 
 was customary to prepare favours, trappings, or " trap- 
 pouris," of various kinds for the decoration of carriage 
 and riding horses ; and among the lords and ladies of 
 the Scottish Court there was considerable rivalry as 
 well as skill called forth by these honours and displays 
 at Yule. But to courtiers and dependants alike, as 
 
 each season came round, the receipt of Yule from their 
 master gave assurance of royal favour and bounty ; 
 while to be left Yuleless implied neglect or disgrace. 
 
 YuLELES, YuiLLis, YowLLis, adj. Yuleless, 
 i.e. with no Yule ; getting or having got no 
 Yule present, reward, or favour : hence, 
 neglected, unworthy, despised, or cast off : 
 *' ane Yuillis yald," an old castaway horse 
 for whom there is no Yule favours. 
 
 Now lufferis cummis with largess lowd, 
 Quhy sould not palfrayis thane be prowd, 
 Quhen gillettis wilbe schomd and schroud, 
 That ridden ar baith with lord and lawd ? 
 
 Schir, lett it nevir in toun be tald 
 
 That I sould be ane Yuillis yald. 
 
 Dunbar, Petition of the Gray Horse, 1. 6. 
 
 In other words, when all other horses ai-e rejoicing 
 in their honours and decorations of Yule, don't let it 
 be said that I have got none. So wrote Dunbar on one 
 occasion when he found he was overlooked and left 
 Yuleless, i.e., had got no Yule present from his mas- 
 ter the King. Although he had long submitted to the 
 comparative pittance allowed him, he could not bear to 
 be neglected or cast off. So, in the character of an old 
 horse grown gray in his master's service, he appeals to 
 the King to deal fairly by him ; and, whatever he did, 
 not to deprive him of his accustomed Yule favours ; 
 for, to be known as a Yuleless yald meant to him ruin 
 as well as neglect : he would then be a poor, despised, 
 castaway, fit only for the coalheavers. And he de- 
 served better treatment ; for, old and stiff as he was, 
 and poor as his previous rewards had been, he still 
 loved his master and liked his service; or as he puts it — 
 The Court lies done my curage cuill. 
 And maid me ane forriddin muill ; 
 Yett, to weir trappouris at this Yuill, 
 I wald be spurrit at everie spald. 
 Schir, latt it nevir in toun be tald, 
 That I sould be ane Yuillis yald. 
 That Dunbar's petition to the King was that he 
 would not leave him Yuleless, i.e., without the custom- 
 ary Yule favours, must be evident to every one who 
 reads the poem with ordinary care ; and that it was so 
 understood by the King, or by Dunbar in the King's 
 name, (for by which of them the reply was written is 
 still doubtful), is shown by the Responsio Regis, which 
 directs the Treasurer to give Dunbar Yule favours of 
 the very best kind. It runs thus : — 
 Eftir our wrettingis, thesaurer, 
 Tak in this gray horse, Auld Dunbar, 
 Quhilk in my aucht with schervice trew 
 In lyart changeit is in hew. 
 Gar howss him now aganis this Yuill, 
 And busk him lyk ane beschopis muill ; 
 For with my hand I have indost 
 To pay quhat euir his trappouris cost. 
 Various attempts have been made to explain the ex- 
 pression Yvillis yald; but none of them satisfies the 
 context. Pinkerton misread it ane howllis hald, and 
 suggested the interpretation "an owl's habitation." 
 Sibbald, reprinting from Pinkerton, altered it into ane 
 owtler hald. and gave for meaning something equally 
 suitable. Even Dr. Lain^'s note on the passage is not 
 very helpful : that Yuillis means Yuleless does not 
 seem to have occurred to him, else he would not have 
 concluded that the poet's meaning is somewhat uncer- 
 tain. No doubt the full meaning of the expression is 
 now lost ; but the purport of the poem and the customs 
 of the times to which it refers fully warrant the mean- 
 ing which is given for it above. 
 
 YURLIN, YuRLiXG, .<?. A puny, stunted 
 creature : a form of WuRLiN, q. v. 
 
YVO 
 
 [287] 
 
 ZEL 
 
 YVOR, YUORE, YVEEE, YUERE, YvoR- 
 BoNE, YuORE-BONE, s. Ivory : i/uere ; 
 Sir Tristrem, 1. 1888, S.T.S. 
 
 " Ebur, the yuore-bone;" Duncau, App. Etym., 
 1595, ed. Small, E.D.S. 
 
 Ivory is properly an adj. form : having come from 
 O. Fr. ivurie, later ivoire, from Lat. eboreus, made of 
 ivory, from Lat. ebor-, stem of ebur, ivory. The Scot. 
 form yvor is closer to the Lat. root than the Fr. form 
 is ; but yvor-bone tells of the adj. use of the term in Sc. 
 also. 
 
 YWALLIT, part. pt. Walled; Kingis 
 Quair, st. 159, ed. Skeat, S.T.S. 
 
 YWIS, I- Wis, adv. Surely; Sir Tristrem, 
 1. 17, 989, S.T.S. V. [Iwis]. 
 
 Frequently explained " I know : " but this is a mis- 
 take. V. under Wis, 
 
 YWYMPILLIT, part. pt. Wrapped, rolled, 
 or folded up ; Douglas, IV. 52, 14, Small. 
 
 V. WiMPIL, V. 
 
 To YYM, V. a. To keep. V. Ym, Yemej. 
 
 Z. 
 
 ZEIL, s. Zeal; Compl. Scot., p. 6, E.E.T.S. 
 
 Zelatur, s. a zealot, zealous person ; Ibid., 
 p. 76. 
 
 Zeil is M.E. zele, from O. Fr. zele, which came from 
 Lat. zelus, zeal, derived from Greek zelos, ardour. The 
 form zelatur has come from 0. Fr, zelote, zealous, from 
 Lat. zeloles, Gr. zeldtea, a zealot. 
 
[289] 
 
 AND 
 
 ADDENDA. 
 
 A. 
 
 A, V. aux. Have ; represents a pron. of ha, 
 hae ; as, " I micht a seen 't." 
 
 This pron. of have is used in all the persons, sing, 
 and pi. of the pres. tense, and also in the imperative 
 mood. 
 
 And ilka egg the wee bird laid. 
 It might a been a bird. 
 
 Laird of Logan, p. 561. 
 It occurs also in William of Palerne, and in the 
 Allit. Rom. Alexander. 
 
 A B BROD, s. A thin slip of board having 
 the alphabet pasted on it for the use of 
 children at school. 
 
 They gied me first the A B brod, 
 Whilk ser't for shool, for book, for rod. 
 
 Sillar, Gloss. Laird of Logan. 
 This old primer was also to be had mounted on a 
 slip of horn. This form was called a horn-book. 
 
 ABITS, A' Bits, adv. In pieces, S. 
 
 If his anger should rive him all abits. 
 
 William Outhrie's Sermons, p. 43. 
 Still in common use. The second form is used to 
 represent ' ' all in bits, " as in " His jacket was torn 
 a' bits.'^ 
 
 A.-S. a, on, in; and bita, a bit, morsel, from A.-S. 
 bitan, to bite, separate. 
 
 ABLENESS, Abilnes, s. Ability. 
 
 "... bot all my abilnes mone cum of the," 
 Abp, Hamilton's Catechism, Fol. 149, a. 
 
 To ABSTENE, v. n. To abstain, refrain 
 
 from, desist ; Gude and Godly Ballates, p. 
 
 140, Laing; Abp. Hamilton's Catechism, 
 
 Fol. 186, a. 
 
 O. Fr. abstener, from Lat. abstinere, to refrain from. 
 
 AFT, adv. Oft, often. A.-S. oft. 
 
 Aft hae I rov'd by bonnie Doon, 
 • To see the rose and woodbine twine. 
 
 Burns, The Banks o' Doon. 
 
 After, adv. Oftener, more frequently : 
 " after than ance ; " Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 
 
 49, S.T.S. 
 
 AIR, s. Descent, extraction : " an hauke of 
 noble air;" Sir Tristrem, 1. 313, S.T.S. 
 
 0. Fr. aire, " an airie or nest of hawkes ; " Cotgr. : 
 hence, figuratively, descent, extraction. 
 
 (Sup.) 
 
 N 2 
 
 To AIR, Ayr, Aire, Ayke, v. n. To go, 
 travel, journey, hie. V. Air, s. 
 
 In early M. Eng. this verb was common to all the 
 Northern Dialects ; and although long obsolete in 
 Scot, we have still a record of it in the sb. air, a cir- 
 cuit, as in the term justice-air. It occurs repeatedly 
 in the Arthur aud Gawain Romances, and frequently 
 in the Allit. Rom. Alexander ; but, strange to say, it 
 is unnoticed in the New Eng. Dictionary by Dr. 
 Murray. See Gloss, to the Wars of Alexander, ed. 
 Skeat. 
 
 O. Fr. eirer^ from L. Lat. iterare, to journey. 
 
 AIRIE, s. A shealing ; hill pasture, or sum- 
 mer residence for herdsmen and cattle ; a 
 level green among hills ; Scottish Gael., II. 
 65. Gael, airidh. 
 
 To AKE, Ak, v. a. and n. To pain, ache : 
 " sa akis me the wame ; " Allit. Rom. Alex., 
 1. 538. 
 A.-S. cece, ece, pain ; acan, to pain ; M. E. aken. 
 
 Self. Addit. to Alanb, 
 
 ALANE, adj. as s. 
 q.v. 
 
 "I saw the King's Majesty and umquhil Mr. Alex- 
 ander Ruthven, my Lord's Brother, go furth at the 
 Hall Door their alanes." Gowrie Conspiracies, p. 64. 
 
 The later form which is still in use is lane, pi. lanes, 
 and sometimes lane, as my lane, his lane, your lanes or 
 your lane, their lanes or their lane. V. under Lane. 
 
 ALE-WISP, Ale-Wosp, Ail-Wosp, s. The 
 
 bush, branch, or wand, that formed the 
 sign of an ale-house ; Dunbar, Test. Andro 
 Kennedy. V. under Wisp. 
 
 ALMOUS, Amous, s. An amice : a sort of 
 cowl or hood ; Houlate, 1. 210, Asloan MS.; 
 Bann. MS. has. awmous. V. Amyt. 
 
 The amice was a sort of cowl formerly worn by the 
 superior clergy. It was fitted to wear on the head or 
 to rest on the shoulders. 
 
 O. Fr. amis, amit, amict, an amice : from Lat. 
 amictus. 
 
 AND, An, conj. Than ; as, " Ilk was madder 
 and ither," i.e., each was more enraged than 
 the other : so also in AUit. Rom. Alex., 1. 
 1258. 
 
ANE 
 
 [290] 
 
 AUL 
 
 ANE, s. Hate, hatred, malevolence. 
 
 Thair dwelt a lyt besyde the king 
 
 A fowll gyane of ane ; 
 StoUin he hes the lady ying, 
 
 Away with hir is gane. 
 
 Menryson, The Bludy Serk, st. 3. 
 
 0. Fr. haine, hate, malice, ill-will : from hair, to 
 bate. 
 
 ANOUR, s. Honour, mark of honour ; Sir 
 Tristrem, 1. 164, S. T. S. 
 
 ANUICH, adv. Enough. V. Aneuich. 
 
 AN UNDER, Aninder, prep, and adv. 
 Under, underneath, under the surface; 
 Ballad, Kempy Kaye, 1. 35. Addit. to 
 , Anonder, q. V. 
 
 ANSTERCOIP, s. Errat. in Dict. for 
 Austercoip, q. v. 
 
 APNE, adj. and v. Open. V. Apen. 
 
 APPREIF, Aprefe, s. Approval, consent. 
 V. Appreue. 
 
 APYNING, Appyning, part.pr. Opining, 
 deeming, believing, supposing. 
 
 " . . . satled and pacefied thame . . . appyn- 
 ing that the saidis merchandis and thair associate suld 
 haif na farder insist to have bereft the saidis com- 
 plenaris of thair liberties." Burgh Recs. Stirling, p. 175. 
 
 0. Fr. opiner, from Lat. opinari, to suppose, opine. 
 
 ARE, Ar, adv. Before, ere; Sir Tristrem, 
 1. 932, S. T. S. V. Air. 
 
 Of playe ai- he wald blinne. 
 Sex haukes he yat and yaf. 
 
 Ibid., 1. 329. 
 
 ARE, s. Honour, grace, favour, mercv, pro- 
 tection; Sir Tristrem, 1. 1816, S. T. S. ; 
 Rom. Alex., 1. 5362. Thi/n are, thin are, 
 of or with thy favour, in or of thy mercy, 
 and generally implying supplication: printed 
 thi nare in Sir Tristrem, 1. 2135, ed. S.T.S., 
 and thinare in older editions. Another form 
 of this term is Ore, q. v. 
 
 Thin are, or thin ore, thy favour (I beseech), is not 
 uncommon. Matzner, s. v. are, refers to it, and 
 quotes this line of Sir Tristrem as an example. It 
 occurs in Chaucer, C. T., 1. 3724, and Tyrwhitt has 
 noted and explained the passage. 
 
 A.-S. ar, dre, glory, honour, respect, reverence ; 
 Icel. cera, an honour, but Vigfusson states that the 
 word first appears in Icel. about the end of the thir- 
 teenth century ; Dan. cere. 
 
 To ARERE, V. a. To rear, build up ; Sir 
 Tristrem, 1. 2834, S.T.S. 
 
 A. -S. rceran, to rear. 
 
 To ARGH, Arch, v. n. To dread, quake or 
 tremble with fear. Addit. to Argh, Arch, 
 q. v. 
 
 AROCHAR, Arothar, s. A corr. of aratre, 
 a ploughgate of land, i.e., 104 acres. 
 
 «♦ . . . a plough of land (quaB Scotice vocatur 
 arochar)." Orig. Paroch., i. 46. 
 
 Although in various districts of Scot, th is pronounced 
 like ch, arochar is prob. a misreading of arothar ; and 
 this supposition is strengthened by the occurrence of 
 the term in p. 27 of same vol., under the form harothar. 
 
 L. Lat. aratrum, a ploughgate : from Lat. aratrum, 
 a plough. 
 
 ARSOUN, Arsoune, s. For defin. in Dict. 
 substitute the following : — a saddle-bow ; 
 also, a saddle. 
 
 After quotation add — " Each saddle had two arsouns, 
 one in front, the other behind ; the former called the 
 fore-arsoun, as in Richard Cceur de Lion, 1. 5053." 
 Halliwell. 
 
 O. Fr. arson,, also arceau, "a little bow; bought; 
 arch ; also, a saddle-bow ; " Cotgr. 
 
 ARST, adv. Erst, previously ; Sir Tristrem, 
 1. 2644, S.T.S. 
 A.-S. cerst, superl. of cer, soon. 
 
 ASAUT, s. Assault; Sir Tristrem, 1. 1442, 
 S.T.S. O. Fr. assalt 
 
 AT, inf. part. To. 
 
 So dos this world, y say, 
 Y wis and nought at wene, 
 The gode ben al oway 
 That our elders haue bene. 
 
 Sir Tristrem, L 17, S.T.S. 
 
 The use of at as the sign of the inf. mood is peculiarly 
 a Northern idiom. It is common to Icel., Swed., Dan., 
 &c., and some traces of it remain even in Mod. Eng., 
 as in the word ado =at do, to do. 
 
 ATHARIST, s. Del. this entry in Dict. 
 
 A misprint for citharist in Pinkerton's version. 
 ATOUR, s. Outfit, equipment, accoutrement. 
 
 This term was left undefined by Jamieson, but its 
 general meaning and etym. are correctly stated in his 
 explanatory note : see Dict. Regarding 0. Fr. atour, 
 ator, see Burguy s. v. tor. 
 
 ATTE. A contr. form of at the : " atte riue," 
 at the bank or brink ; Sir Tristrem, 1369. 
 
 This pron. of at the is still common in various districts 
 of Scotland. 
 
 ATWINNE, Atvinne, adv. In two, 
 asunder; Sir Tristrem, 1. 325, 2548, S.T.S. 
 
 A.-S. a, on or in, and ttoin, from twegan, two. 
 
 ATWIX, Atwixt, prep. Betwixt, between. 
 V. At ween, Atweesh. 
 
 AULD, s. V. Dict. 
 
 This entry must be deleted. On the authority of 
 the passage quoted from Abp. Hamilton's Catechism, 
 Dr. Jamieson was misled into treating auld as a subst. ; 
 but he had overlooked the Errata which makes it 
 clearly an adj. by the direction " eftir this word auld, 
 eik aige." 
 Auld, adj. Oldest, eldest : *' the auld son," 
 the eldest son ; Scot. Ball. Child, IIL 102. 
 Addit. to Auld, q. v. 
 
 This use of auld is still common ; and similarly 
 young is used for youngest : "the young son," meaning 
 the youngest of the sons. 
 
AUM 
 
 [291] 
 
 BAT 
 
 AUMOUS, AwMOUS, adj. Of, for, or per- 
 taininof to alms; *'an aunious dish;" Burns, 
 Jollj Beggars. V. Almous, s. 
 
 AUSTERCOIP, AusTERCop, Austercup, 
 
 Eystercop, s. a fine similar to the Scot. 
 
 grassum that was formerly exacted in some 
 
 districts of Orkney and Shetland. 
 
 This fine was paid every third year at each renewal 
 of the tack or setting of the smaller islets. Latterly it 
 was assumed to be equivalent to the Scot, grassum ; 
 but in some districts both burdens were sometimes 
 exacted. See Balfour's Oppressions in Orkney and 
 Shetland, p. 126, Mait. C. Series. This term has been 
 frequently misprinted Anstercoip, and in this form it 
 was presented by Jamieson. V. DiCT. Its 0. Norse 
 form was ey- se.tr -kaiip, the fine or payment at the 
 letting of island lands : being a comp. of Icel. ey, an 
 island, setr, a setting or letting of land, and kaup, bar- 
 gain or payment. 
 
 AUTER, 8. An altar. V. Awter. 
 
 To AWEDE, V. n. To go mad, become 
 insane ; Sir Tristrem, 1. 3181, S. T. S. 
 Addit. to AwEDE, q. v. 
 
 This term was left undefined by Jamieson, but in 
 his explanatory note he suggested the correct etym., 
 and almost the correct meaning. 
 
 A.-S. awMan, to be mad, to go or wax mad : from 
 w6dan, to rave, to be mad. 
 
 To AWINNE, V. a. To attain, arrive at; 
 Sir Tristrem, 1. 2060, S. T. S. V. Win. 
 
 To AWREKE, v. a. To avenge, pret., 
 
 awrake. Sir Tristrem, 1. 3337 ; part, pt., 
 
 axoreken, Ibid., 1. 2446, S. T. S. 
 
 A.-S. ivrecan, to wreak, revenge; pret. wrcec, part, 
 pt. wrecen: Dutch wreken. 
 
 B. 
 
 To BA, Baa, Bay, v. n. 1. To utter a low 
 continuous sound like the cry of a sheep : 
 " Him preach 1 he can only baa" Also, to 
 sound, resound ; as, " The waves came 
 haaing in." 
 
 2. To hoot, mock, howl at. 
 
 Of grace or manners they are void : 
 For like the bill araang the kye, 
 They baa at us as we gang by. 
 
 An Ayrshire Rhyme. 
 Sum bird will hay at my beike. 
 
 Uoulate, 1. &Q, A si can MS. 
 These are merely imitative words, and different from 
 hay, to bark. 
 
 BAIGE, s. A badge, token, livery ; Abp. 
 Hamilton's Catechism, Fol. 135, h. 
 
 BAIL, Baille, s. a farm house, farm ; or, 
 as formerly called, a farm-town. 
 
 "On the old system, a quarter davach [of land] was 
 reckoned a sufficient possession for a gentleman, and 
 this quantity was generally attached to every baille or 
 farm town." Scot. Gael, ii. 82. 
 
 Gael, hail, a place, residence ; M 'Leod and Dewar, 
 
 BAIRDIE, s. A loach. V. Beardie. 
 
 To BAKE, Baik, v. a. To cure, preserve, 
 kipper. 
 
 "Ordines the thesaurare to caus haih thrie salmond 
 to be sent to Edinburgh." Burgh Recs. Stirling, 1618, 
 p. 149. 
 
 These salmon were sent by the Magistrates of Stir- 
 ling as a present to their three law-agents in Edin- 
 burgh. Tbe Glasi^ow Magistrates sent year by year a 
 barrel of salt-herring to each of their Edinburgh agents. 
 See B. R. Glasgow, i. 368, Burgh Rec. Soc. 
 
 A.-S. bacan, to bake, roast; Icel. and Swed. haka. 
 
 BANE, Bane-Came, s. A bone-comb, a 
 small fine-toothed comb made of bone, very 
 necessary for family use. 
 
 Whare horn nor bane ne'er daur unsettle, 
 Your thick plantations. 
 
 Burns, Address to a L 
 
 "Horn," i.e., a horn-comb, or redding-comb. 
 
 BANERECH, s. V. Suppl. 
 
 To the etym. given for this term in Suppl. add — 
 "or, 6iric, eirig, a ransom, forfeit, fine." 
 
 BANKIT, Banc at, s. Banquet, feast. 
 
 This term occurs frequently in our Burgh and 
 Trades' Records. 0. Fr. banquet, a dimin. of banc, a 
 bench or table, which was borrowed from M. H. Ger. 
 
 BARTISING, Bartishing, s. Forms of 
 bartizan, a battlement : also called a bartisgy 
 or a bartish; Orig. Paroch., I. 59, V. 
 Bartizan. 
 
 B AS ARE, s. Executioner, headsman, hang- 
 man. 
 
 The Ape was basare, and bad him sone ascend. 
 And hangit him, and thus be maid aoe end. 
 
 Henryson, The Fox Tryed, 1. 28(J. 
 O. Fr. haisser, haissier, for abaisser, abaissier, to 
 lower, lessen ; hence, decapitate, execute. 
 
 BASTEL-HOUSE, s. A blockhouse; 
 Orig. Paroch., I. 294. Addit. to Bastalye, 
 q.v. 
 
 BATE, Bait, s. Strife, contention; short for 
 
 debate. 
 
 Sa your fader befoir 
 Held me at bait als with host and schoir. 
 
 Henryson, Wolf and Lamb, 1. 42. 
 
BAU 
 
 [292] 
 
 BIC 
 
 To BAUCHLE, v. a. To bungle, spoil, or 
 mar a work or plan ; L. R. Stevenson, Kid- 
 napped, p. 87. Addit. to Bauchle, q. v. 
 
 BAWELL, s. V. BoAL, Bole. 
 
 BEABMEN, s.joZ. Carriers, bearers ; applied 
 
 to the bearers of ensignia in a procession, to 
 
 mason's labourers, etc. 
 
 "The Smyths and hemmermen to fumeiss the Bear- 
 Tnen of the Croce." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 22 May, 
 1531. 
 
 BED, pret. A form of hade, abode, encoun- 
 tered. 
 
 Than gelly Johine come in a jak, 
 To feild quhair he wes feidit ; 
 Abone his brand ane bucklar blak, 
 Baill fell the bern that hed it. 
 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 29, ed. 1882. 
 
 To BEEK, V. a. and n. To bask. V. Beik. 
 
 BEES, Beis, Bes, Bese, v. n. Be ; used in 
 the pres. ind., with a future sense, and in 
 the imperat.; Book of Univ. Kirk, p. 190, 
 197, 199. Addit. to Beis. 
 
 Jamieson's explanation of this term is a mistake. In 
 the Northumbrian dialect beis was used in all the per- 
 sons sing, and pi. ; and it was so used in the West of 
 Scot, at the beginning of this century. Bees, however, 
 properly means "will be," just as A.-S. hes commonly 
 means "I will be." It occurs in the AUit. Rom. Alex., 
 1. 892, 1355. 
 
 To BEET, Beat, v. a. 1. To bundle or put 
 up in bundles ; to sort, arrange, or put up 
 in order the several parts of a v^hole : " to 
 beet a web," is to prepare it for the weaver, 
 by making up the several parts into 
 bundles ; part. pt. het, arranged, assorted. 
 
 2. To mend, repair, improve : " He was 
 quietly beetin his net on the green." 
 Addit. to Beit, q. v. 
 
 Beetixg, Beetin, Beating, s. Mending, 
 material for mending : as, " weaver's beat- 
 ing" thread or yarn for mending or repair- 
 ing his web ; Alex. Wilson, H. 68, ed. 1876. 
 Addit. to Beiting, q. v. 
 
 As used in the quotations given in Dicr., beiting 
 means enlarging, extension ; but, in the days of hand- 
 loom-weaving the assortment of bundles which the 
 weaver carried home from the warehouse was called 
 the beating of his new web. When the bundles hap- 
 pened to be improperly sorted, the web was said to be 
 misbet : see The Deacon's Day, in Whistle Binkie. i. 
 273. 
 
 To BEGOUK, Begowk, v. a. To befool, 
 outwit, overreach. Addit. to Begouk, q. v. 
 
 Tak the right or tak the wrang, 
 I'll begouk ye if I can. 
 
 Nursery Rhyme. 
 "Ah, but I'll begouk you there. Play me false, 
 111 play you cunning." K. L. Stevenson, Kidnapped, 
 p. 76. 
 
 BELCHEIR, s. Eulogist, recorder, bard. 
 
 When James IV. visited Tain in 1506, he gave 
 " xiv s. to the harper of the bishop of Caithness, 
 xxviii s. to the king's belcheir in Tain, and ii s. to the 
 pure folkis be the gait." Orig. Paroch., vol. ii., pt. 
 ii., p. 837. 
 
 Gael, beulchair, flatterer, eulogist. 
 
 BELD, pret. Housed, i.e., laid to rest, 
 buried. 
 
 Thar lois and thar lordschipe of sa lang dait, 
 That bene cot-armouris of eild, 
 Tharin to harrald I held, 
 Bet sen thai the Brus held : 
 I wryt as I wait. 
 
 Houlate, \. 425, Asloan MS. 
 
 Delete Jamieson's note on this term: the meaning 
 which he proposed is wide of the mark, and not even 
 suggested by the context. Besides, there are various 
 errors in the passage quoted in DiCT. ; but these are 
 due to Pinkerton's version. 
 
 BELLE, s. A mantle, cloak. 
 
 Hir belle was of plonkette with birdis full baulde, 
 Botonede with besantes, and bokellede full bene. 
 Awnt. Arthur e, st. 29. 
 It occurs also in Wright's Seven Sages, pp. 78, 84. 
 See Halliwell. Compare Chaucer, prol. 265, where a 
 semi-cope is compared to a belle, from its shape. 
 
 BELL- WARE, s. The Fucus vesiculosus, 
 Linn. A sea-weed formerly much used in 
 the manufacture of kelp : hence, also called 
 Kelp-wrack. Errat. in Dict. V. Bell- 
 Weed: 
 
 The defin. given in DiuT. is a mistake. The Zostera 
 marina is not properly a sea-weed, but a flowering 
 plant. Perhaps its common name, Grass- Wrack, was 
 the origin of the mistake. 
 
 The Bell- Wai-e, however, is a sea-weed, and is so 
 called on account of the bells or bladders with which 
 its fronds abound. 
 
 A.-S. war, sea- weed ; prov. E. wore. 
 
 To BENGE, Benje, v. n. To cringe. V. 
 Beenqe. 
 
 BEST-MAN, 8. The friend of the bridegroom 
 who assists him in arranging for the wed- 
 ding, directs and arranges the party at the 
 ceremony, and superintends the wedding- 
 feast and the rejoicings after it. 
 
 This term is improperly defined in the Dicr. The 
 best-man has nothing to do with the arrangements of 
 the bride or waiting on her : these are attended to by the 
 best-maid — the bride's-maid if there is only one, or the 
 chief bride's-maid if there are more than one. In Scot- 
 land the friend of the bridegroom is seldom if ever 
 called a bride-man or biide's-man : at least where the 
 marriage ceremonies are after the Presbyterian fashion. 
 
 BETTIR CHEIP, Best Cheip. V. under 
 Cheip. 
 
 BICHT, s. A cross, ill-natured, or trouble- 
 some person : generally applied to a child or 
 an aged person ; Roxb. 
 Prob. only another form of Bilch : see s. 2. 
 
BIL 
 
 [293] 
 
 BOW 
 
 UNIVERSl" 
 
 ^o>^ 
 
 cau^g^^ 
 
 To BILEVE, BiLEUE, Byleue, v. t). To 
 remain, abide ; Sir Tristrem, 1. 1086 : pret. 
 bileft; Ibid., 1. 591, bilaft, 1. 387, ed. S.T.S. 
 
 BIRD-MOUTHED, Bird-Mo u'd, adj. 
 
 Softly-spoken, given to speaking in a quiet 
 
 undertone, afraid to speak out. Generally 
 
 applied to persons who speak in a quiet 
 
 kindly manner, or to statements so made. 
 
 Errat. in DiCT., q. v. 
 
 Bird-mouthed, lit. with the mouth or manner of a 
 bird, i.e., peeping, soft and low, is altogether different 
 from mealy-mouthed. It refers entirely to the manner 
 of speaking, or to the way in which a statement is 
 made ; and it always implies softness and kindness. 
 But mealy-mouthed refers to what is said, to the words 
 used, and how they are used ; and it implies a want of 
 plainness or directness of speech, fear to speak plainly 
 and boldly or to tell one's mind freely. 
 
 BIRTH, s. Crop, produce. Addit. to Birth, 
 
 Regarding the district of Garioch Leslie says "that 
 yeirlie sik a birth it beiris . . . that thay cal it the 
 commoune Barn or garnel of Abirdine thair nychtbour 
 citie." Hist. Scot., p. 48, S.T.S. 
 
 Als blyth of the birth 
 That the gi-ound bure. 
 
 Houlate, 1. 25, Asloan MS. 
 
 To BITAKE, V. a. To bequeath, hand over. 
 V. Betake. 
 
 BLAWN-LAND, Blawin-Land, s. Light 
 sandy land, liable to be damaged by the 
 wind ; Peterkin, Rentals of Orkney, No. 1, 
 p. 80, 85. 
 
 BLEYNT, pret. Yielded. V. Blin, v. 
 
 BLIND, Blynd, part. pt. Blinded, made 
 blind. 
 
 Sa be sorcery blind wes he. 
 
 Barbour's Saints, Peter, 1. 367. 
 
 BLINKS, s. Short for water-blinks, the 
 common name for water-chickweed : Montia 
 fontana, Linn. 
 
 BLUID, Blude, s. ■ Short for bloodshed, ef- 
 fusion of blood ; also, the crime or charge 
 of bloodshed. Addit. to Bluid, Blude, 
 q.v. 
 
 " Chaingis thair ordinar court-day, being Fryday, to 
 the Saturday for civill caussis onlye in the hour of 
 caus ; and trublances, bludis, and injuries to be judgit 
 ony uther day, for bettir keiping of the Sabothe." 
 Burgh Recs. Stirling, 1648, p. 194. 
 
 BLYTHER, Blythar, s. Gladdener, re- 
 joicer. V. Blithe, v. 
 
 Hail hlythar of the Baptist within [the] bowallis 
 Of Elizebeth thi ant, aganis natur ! 
 
 Iloulate, 1. 731, Asloan MS. 
 Both MSS. read "thi" bowels: but this is most 
 prob. a scribal error. 
 
 " Blythar of the Baptist " is a name applied to Christ 
 on account of what happened at the meeting of Mary 
 and Elizabeth. See Luke, i. 4L 
 
 BOFTE, pret. and part. pt. Buffeted, struck; 
 Barbour's Saints, Paul, 1. 21. V. Beff, v. 
 
 BOGIE, s. Lit. a bend or bender : a small 
 instrument formerly used in plaiting straw ; 
 Orkn. 
 
 Icel. bogi, a bow, arch, bend ; A.-S. boga. 
 
 BOGLE, BOGGIL, adj. Neat, small, handy : 
 among coopers boggil-wark was the name 
 given to the smallest sizes of vessels which 
 they made. 
 
 Bogles, Boggils, s. pi. Small wooden 
 vessels of cooper-work for use in household 
 or dairy work. 
 
 " This act is declairit to be including of boggils and 
 vther small couper work, als well as great, and ordainit 
 to stand vnviolable in all tym coming." MS. Minutes 
 of the Coopers of Glasgow, 11 May, 1704. 
 
 Gael, biotjail, of small size, neat, elegant. 
 
 BONDAGER, s. One who performs bon- 
 dage service, but latterly applied only to the 
 female field-worker that each cottar or farm- 
 tenant is bound, by the conditions of his 
 tenancy, to supply to do regular field-work 
 on the farm. V. Bondage. 
 
 "When we lived in Springfield the house-rent was 
 paid by finding one shearer for the harvest . 
 also an outfield worker, winter and summer, for the 
 farmer. [This servant], called the bondager, was paid 
 tenpence per day." A. Somerville's Autobiography, 
 p. 6. 
 
 BORDLAND, s. Land that was bound to 
 supply guest-quarters to the King or Jarl : 
 it was therefore exempt from skatt; Op- 
 pressions in Orkn. and Shetl., p. 125. 
 Icel. and Dan. bord, table, board ; food. 
 
 BORROW, BoRowE, Borow, Borwe, s. 
 Pledge, security; hence, protection, pro- 
 tector : to borrow, as or for a pledge, 
 security, or protection ; " with sanct Jhone 
 to borroiu," i.e., with St. John for a protec- 
 tion ; Lyndsay, The Dreme, 1. 996. V. 
 under Borch. 
 
 BOSUM, s. Inlet, loch : applied to the sea- 
 lochs on the W. of Scotland. A.-S. bSsm. 
 
 "Amang the Lochis or hosumis of the Sey, that 
 abundantlie flowis in al kynd of fishe." Leslie, Hist. 
 Scot., p. 40, S. T. S. 
 
 " . . . farther twa grab hosums ar in the sey, 
 quhilkes we commonlie call lochis of salte water." 
 Ibid., p. 13. 
 
 BOW, Bo WE, Bo, Bou, Bue, s. 1. Bend, 
 curvature ; bend of the arm or of the leg : 
 the loin, thigh, buttocks; a limb, a leg. 
 V. Beugh. 
 
 2. A fold, knot, bunch, as " a bow or bou of 
 ribbons." Addit. to Bow, s., q. v. 
 
BOW 
 
 [294] 
 
 BRO 
 
 Bo WIT, Bo WD, BouiT, BuiT, part. adj. 
 Made up in the form of knots or bunches ; 
 ornamented with knots or bows. 
 
 His gown suld be of all guidnes, 
 Begareit with fresche bewtie, 
 Bidt with rubanis of richtuusnes, 
 And perfewit with prosperitie." 
 
 Gannond o/Gude Ladeis, Banu. MS., p. 657. 
 
 To BOWBRAID, BOWBREID, BOWBRED, V. a. 
 
 To prick, pierce, or cut an animal in the 
 loin, thigh, or buttocks ; part. pt. howhredit; 
 part. pr. bowbreding, used also as a s. 
 
 Till comparatively late years it was a common prac- 
 tice among fleshers to beat or goad an ox to madness 
 before killing it : this they called ramng the beast ; 
 and in spite of every effort of the magistrates to pre- 
 vent such cruelty, the practice was persisted in under 
 the belief that it helped to make the llesh more tender. 
 The pricking or goading of the animal was directed 
 chiefly to the flanks, thighs, and buttocks, in order to 
 make it most effective : hence it was called hoxobraiding 
 or bowbredin, i.e., braiding or pricking the bow or 
 hough. The following records refer to the brutal 
 custom. 
 
 "That thair be na muttoun scoirit on the bak nor 
 na pairt thairof, nor yit lattin doun . . . wnder the 
 pane of viij s. ilk fait ; and that na martes be bowbredU 
 nor lattin doun vnder the said pane." Burgh Recs. 
 Glasgow, i. 26, Rec. Soc. 
 
 " Dauid Lyll and James Robesoun, flescheouris, ar 
 decernit in amerchiament of court for breiding of 
 mairtis contrair to the actis maid thairanent." Ibid., 
 i. 119. 
 
 " Anent the wrang d<me be the flescheouris in boW' 
 hreding of flesche, Johnne Mure, flescheour, for him 
 selfe and in name and behalfe of the haill bretherin of 
 the said craft, is cumin in the baillies will for the bow- 
 breding of flesche contrair the actia and statutis maid 
 thairanent." Ibid., i. 122. 
 
 Icel. bdgr, Swed. bog, Dan. bov, the shoulder of an 
 animal ; and Icel. broddr, a spike ; Swed. brodd, Dan. 
 broad, brod. 
 
 BOWALLIS, s. pi. V. SuppL. 
 
 Delete the heading of this entry in Spppl., and sub- 
 stitute the following : — 
 
 BO WELLS, BowALLis, s. pi. Confines, in- 
 terior, bounds ; Book of Univ. Kirk, p. 176. 
 
 To BowELL, V. a. To disembowel, em- 
 balm : part. pr. bowelling, used also as a s. 
 
 " 1610, May 26. Item, to Mareoun Steward, spous 
 to James Inglis, provest, for wyne and vther expenssis 
 furnist be hir and for boioelUng of the lard of Hows- 
 toun, provest, xxxvij li. xs." Burgh Recs. Glasgow, i. 
 476, Rec. Soc. 
 
 O. Fr. boel, from Lat. botellus, dimin. of botulus, a 
 sausage, intestine ; see Burguy. 
 
 BOWEL, Bo WELL, 8. A bole or aperture. 
 
 V. BOAL. 
 
 BOWMAN, BouMAN, Booman, s. A far- 
 mer or tenant who is steelbowed ; Kid- 
 napped, p. 194. V. Steelbow Goods. 
 
 Particulars regarding bowmen will be foand in Innes, 
 Leg. Antiq., p. 266. 
 
 BOWS, Bowis, s. pi. Papal Bulls. 
 
 For to live chaist thay vow solemnitly, 
 
 Bot, fra that thay be sikker of thair bowis, 
 
 Thay live in huirdome and in harlotry. 
 
 Lyndsay, Thrie Estaitis, 1. 3402. 
 " My Lords, how have ye keipit your thrie vows ?" 
 " Indeid, richt weill till I gat hame my hows." 
 
 Ibid., L 3418. 
 
 BRADE, Braid, Bred, s. 1. A spike, a 
 sharp-pointed instrument like an awl, a 
 goad : synon. brog. Also, a splint, splinter, 
 shred : "The stick was dung to braids." 
 
 2. A prick, a thrust or job with a sharp- 
 pointed instrument. V. Brod, s. 
 
 To Brade, Braid, Breid, Bred, v. a. To 
 
 prick, pierce, job, thrust, goad ; part. pr. 
 brading, breiding, breding, used also as a s. 
 
 "Dauid Lyll and James Robesoun, flescheouris, ar 
 decernit in amerchiament of court for breiding of mair- 
 tis contrair to the actis maid thairanent." Burgh 
 Recs. Glasgow, i. 119, Rec. Soc. 
 
 Cf. Icel. brydda, to prick ; from broddr, a sting, 
 prick. 
 
 BRAIDFA', adv. Scattered about, in dis- 
 order, not in proper place or position : " The 
 things are a' lyin braidfa" 
 
 BREAK, Brek, s. A branch, offset, as in 
 mining; a sprout, offshot, as in a bulb or 
 root ; a band, company, division, separated 
 from the main body, as " a brek o' the 
 sheep." Addit. to Break, s. 
 
 BREIR, Breer, Brier, a. A short twig, 
 spray. Addit. to Breer, q. v. 
 
 Beleif that Lord may harbary so thy bairge. 
 To make braid Britane blyth as bird on hreir. 
 
 Alex. Scott, New Yeir Gift to Q. Mary, st. 26. 
 
 BRETAGE, s. and v. V. Brettys. 
 
 Occurs in both forms in Allit. Rom. Alex., 11. 1416, 
 1152. Lat. bretechia, wooden towers used in assaults. 
 
 BRIE, s. Eyebrow, brow. V. Bree. 
 
 BRINI, Breny, Brene, s. Breastplate, 
 corslet; Sir Tristrem, 1. 3264, S.T.S. V. 
 
 BiRNIE. 
 
 BRONSTANE, s. V. Brunstane. 
 
 To BROOZLE, v. a. To bruise, crush; part. 
 
 pt. broozledf also used as an adj. V. 
 
 Broizle. 
 BRONT, Brunt, s. Impetus, force ; in bront, 
 
 in fierce contest ; Houlate, 1. 492, 498. 
 "Brunt, insultus, impetus ; " Prompt. Parv. 
 
 BROTH, Brothe, Broe, s. Brine ; liquor 
 which has been thickened or strengthened. 
 
 "Thomas Anderson cited, accused for drawing 
 brothe to his panne on the Lord's day, confessed that 
 he drew some three or four bucketfull in the morning ; 
 ordained to satisfle according to the Act." 
 
BRO 
 
 [295] 
 
 CHI 
 
 "The 'brothe' above mentioned was the salt water 
 contained in the reservoir known as the ' bucket-pat,' 
 a structure of stonework erected on the seashore for 
 the supply of the salt pans." Culross and TuUiallan, 
 i, 221. 
 
 These "bucket-pats" were set where they could be 
 filled by spring-tides only ; and between spring-tides 
 the sea-water which they contained was allowed to 
 evaporate, and consequently became denser and salter. 
 In this state it was called broth or broe, and was trans- 
 ferred to the pans or boilers. 
 
 BROUN, Browne, part. pt. Brewn, brewed ; 
 Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 6, S.T.S. 
 
 BRUCKET, Bruokit, Bruchty, adj. V. 
 Brooked. 
 
 To BRUIK, V. a. To win, capture, take by- 
 force. Addit. to Bruick, q. v. 
 
 The armies met, the trumpet sounds, 
 The dandring drums alloud did touk, 
 
 Baith armies byding on the bounds 
 Til ane of them the feild sould bruik. 
 
 Ballad, Battle of Harlaw, 1. 140, 
 
 BURRACH, s. V. BouRACH. 
 
 To BUY, BiE, V. a. To buy, pay for, atone 
 or suffer for, expiate. V. Aby. Addit. to 
 By, v., q. V. 
 
 Think, ye may buy the joys o'er dear. 
 
 Burns, Tarn, o' Shunter. 
 Then slough my brother morgan 
 At the mete full right. 
 As I am douhti man, 
 His death thou bist to night. 
 
 Sir Tristrem, 1. 2329, S.T.S. 
 
 To BYLEVE, v. n. To remain. V. BiUve. 
 To BYTECHE, v. a. V. Betech. 
 
 0. 
 
 CACHT, Caght, Caht, pret. Caught, seized. 
 V. Caught. 
 
 Caght, Caght, Caught, s, A hold, grip : 
 " I canna get a cacht o't." 
 
 CADDO, Caddois, s. V. Caddes. 
 
 These terms as used in Orig. Paroch, vol. ii., pt. 1, 
 pp. 156, 161, imply some fixed and well-known quan- 
 tity of woollen cloth, prob. a piece or web. Thus, in 
 p. 156 — " . . . ane braid hewit caddo, and failyeing 
 of ane hewit caddo, ane fyne braid quhyte caddo." 
 
 CALIVER, s. A culverin; Scot. Ball, Child, 
 vii. ,116. V. CULRING. 
 
 CALVEL, Calvh^l, s. Forms of Cavel, 
 q. V. : " a ealvill of ime," an iron rod ; 
 Burgh Recs. Stirling, p. 43. 
 
 CAPERNOITIE, adj. Add to definition in 
 DiGT. : whimsical, witless. 
 
 GARAGE, Garages, s. V. Garritch. 
 
 CARKNET, s. A necklace. V. Cargat. 
 
 He gae me a carknet of bonnie beads 
 And bade me keep it agane my needs. 
 
 Ballad, Cospatrick. 
 "Carcanet. A necklace, or bracelet." Halliwell. 
 See Carcanet in Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 CASHLICK, adj. Careless, rash, regardless : 
 " a cashlick fellow," South of S. 
 
 CASMER, Casmar, Cassimer, s. Cashmere, 
 a fine woollen cloth : also written Kasmer, 
 q.v. 
 
 GAVELS, s. pi. Pieces, bits, splinters ; 
 " ding to cavels," drive to pieces, is still 
 used regarding a wooden vessel. Addit. 
 to Cavel, q. v. 
 
 The term occurs in the same sense in AUit. Rom. 
 Alex., 1. 799. 
 
 CEARN, s. A foot-soldier. V. Kerne. 
 
 CHEAT, Gheit, Ghait, Ghayt, v. and s. 
 Contr. forms of escheat, common in Burgh 
 Records ; see B. R. Lanark, 9 Nov., 1563, 
 B. R. Dunfermline, 9 Sept., 1 536. 
 
 Gheatrie, Gheitrie, Ghettry, s. The 
 casualty of escheit ; also, the revenue arising 
 from said casualty ; Oppressions in Orkney, 
 Gloss. 
 
 Short for escheatrie, from O. Fr. eschet, rent, that 
 which falls to one ; formed from part. pt. of escheoir, 
 derived from L. Lat. excadere, to fall in with, meet. 
 V. Skeat, Etym. Diet., s. v. Escheat. 
 
 CHEIP, s. A booth or stall : " ane cheip or 
 pentis ; " Records of Old Dundee, p. 153. 
 
 A.-S. ciapan, to sell. 
 
 CHESS, s. A jess or strap for a hawk's legs ; 
 Pop. Ballads. A corr. of E. jess. 
 
 CHICKSTANE, Chiskin, s. The chitstone, 
 stone-chit, stone-chatter, (Saxicola rubi- 
 cola) ; a bird like the flycatcher. See 
 Montagu's Ornith. Diet. 
 
 CHIVE, Cheeve, s. a shoe; Scot. Ball., 
 Child, iii,, 290. Commonly written sheeve. 
 V. Shave, Sheeve, 
 
CLA 
 
 [296] 
 
 COR 
 
 CHRISTENTYE, Christendie, s. Christen- 
 dom ; Pop. Ballads. 
 
 0. Willie brew'd a peck o' maut, 
 And Rob and Allan came to see ; 
 
 Three blyther hearts that leelang night, 
 Ye wad na found in Christendie. 
 
 Burns. 
 
 CLACHT, Claght, v. and s. V. Claucht. 
 
 To OLENK, V. a. V. Clink, Clmkit. 
 
 CLINKET, Clenkett, part. pt. Rooved 
 or riveted : " clenkett work," rivet-work, 
 clinker-build. V. Clink, s. 3. 
 
 I half a littill Fleming barge 
 
 Off clenkett work, hot scho is wicht. 
 
 Sernpill, Bann. MS., p. 348, Hunt. See. 
 
 CLINT, s. A cliff, a high steep rock, a pre- 
 cipice, the steep side of a mountain. Addit. 
 to Clint, q. v. 
 
 The term is so used in the S. W. of Scotland. 
 
 CLINTED, Clintit, adj. Caught among 
 
 the cliffs. 
 
 " Clinted on a dass " is said of a sheep that has leaped 
 down upon a ledge of a cliflF and cannot get back." V. 
 under Dass. 
 
 CLIPMALABOR, s. A senseless, silly 
 talker, applied to a thoughtless country 
 wench. 
 
 Quoth the wylie auld wife : " The thing speaks weel ; 
 Our workers are scant — we hae routh o' meal ; 
 Gif he'll do as he says — be he man be he deil — 
 
 Wow ! we'll try this Aiken-drum." 
 But the wenches skirled : " He's no be here ! 
 His eldritch look gars us swarf wi' fear ; 
 An' the feint o' ane will the house come near 
 If they think but o' Aiken drum." — 
 *' Pair clipmalabors 1 ye hae little wit ; 
 Is't na Hallowmas now, an' the crap out yet ? " 
 Sae she silenced them a' wi' a stamp o' her fit — 
 " Sit yer wa's down, Aiken-drum." 
 
 W. Nicholson, Broivnie of Blednoch. 
 Some versions have sUpmalabors, slovenly prattlers, 
 which gives the passage a slightly diflferent meaning ; 
 and both terms are still in use. 
 
 Gael. cUpe, deceit, maol, silly, and lab/iar, noisy, 
 loquacious. 
 
 To CLYTH, Cly, v. a. To conceal, abstract, 
 pilfer : part. pt. cli/it. 
 
 Fy on the telyour that never wes trew, 
 Fra claith weill can thow clyth ane clowt ; 
 Of stowin stommokis baith reid and blew, 
 Ane bagfow anis thow bur abowt. 
 
 Soiotar and Tally our, Bann. MS., p. 395. 
 I thame beseik thay be nocht wraith, 
 Suppois they clyit haif parte of claith ; 
 Bot seek the causs and leif the deid. 
 And blame the scheiris that raif the skreid. 
 
 Rowlis Cursing, Bann. MS., p. 305. 
 Gael, cleith, to conceal, hide, keep secret ; M'Leod 
 and Dewar. 
 
 CO, 8. A sea-cave. V. Cove. 
 
 COBLE, 8. A ferry-boat, ferry. Addit. to 
 Coble, q. v. 
 
 "Gives power and commission to Lowrie at Drip 
 coble, to collect and receave the custome of all bestiall 
 and other goods passing at the Drip coble, or any other 
 
 foord of Forth neir thereto." Burgh Recs. Stirling, 
 1660, p. 233. 
 
 To CO'ER, COUR, V. a. To cover, conceal : 
 " to cd'er their fuds;" Burns, Jolly Beggars. 
 
 THE COMMON GUDE, Common Gum, s. 
 The general welfare or benefit of a com- 
 munity ; also, the public property, funds, 
 and revenues of a town or burgh. 
 
 In the latter sense the common gude of a town means 
 the property, whether in 'lands or funds, held by the 
 magistrates, and the revenues payable to them, for 
 behoof of the community ; as distins^uished from 
 property under their management for special purposes, 
 and usually administered under statutory authority. 
 Such property can be applied only to the particular 
 objects for which it was authorised ; but the common 
 gude of a burgh, which generally consists of lands and 
 customs anciently conferred by royal charter, accumu- 
 lations of burgh revenues, or property mortified to or 
 acquired by funds tof the burgh, must be kept for the 
 common profit of the burgh, and expended on common 
 and necessary things of the burgh, as the following 
 Act of Pari, directs. 
 
 " It is statute and ordained anent the common gude 
 of all our Soveraue Lordis burro wes," that it "be 
 observed and keiped to the common profite of the 
 towue, and to be spended in common and necessarie 
 thinges of the burgh, be the advise and councell of the 
 towne for the time and deakons of craftes quhair they 
 are ; and inquisition yeirly to be taken in the chalmer- 
 laine aire of expenses and disposition of the samin." 
 Act of Pari., 18th May, 1491. 
 
 Various enactments of Pari, and regulations by the 
 Convention of Burghs have since been passed for the 
 proper application of the common gude. The statute at 
 present in force is Act 3, Geo. IV. cap. xci. (1822); 
 and under it no part of the common gude can be sold, 
 or let on lease for more than a year, except by public 
 roup. 
 
 To CONCREDIT, v. a. To entrust, confide, 
 trust. 
 
 "I thought your Majesty would have concredited 
 more to me, nor to have commanded me to await your 
 Majesty at the door, gif ye thought it not meet to haue 
 taken men with you." Gowrie Ccmspiracies, p. 59. 
 
 " I posted this same Bearer to his Lordship, to whom 
 you may concredit all your heart in that, as well as I." 
 Ibid., p. 104. 
 
 Lat. concredere, to entrust. 
 
 To CONFIDER, v. n. To confederate, 
 ally ; Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 88, S. T. S. 
 V. CONFIDER, adj. 
 
 COOP, Cope, s. A small cone of yarn or 
 thread : the material is wound into this 
 form to facilitate the process of twining or 
 weaving. Syn. spule, q. v. 
 
 CORONACH, 8. The band of wailers at a 
 
 Highland funeral : composed of women 
 
 who wail and chant the dirge. Addit. to 
 
 CORANICH, q. V. 
 
 " The old gentlewoman was carried on poles by the 
 nearest relatives of her family, and attended by the 
 coronach composed of a multitude of old hasjs, who 
 tore their hair, beat their breasts, and howled -most 
 hideously. At the grave the orator or senachie pro- 
 
COT 
 
 [297] 
 
 CYP 
 
 nounced the panegyric of the defunct, every period 
 being confirmed by a yell of the coronach." Smollet, 
 Humphry Clinker, Letter of Sept. 3. 
 
 The etym. given for this terra by Jamieson is a mis- 
 take. It is the Gael, corrarmach, lit. a howling to- 
 gether : from conih, together, and ranaich, a howl, from 
 ran, to howl, cry. See M'Leod and Dewar. 
 
 A cottar, farm - servant, 
 
 COTTRAL, s. 
 field-labourer. 
 
 " . . . his and thair subtennentis, cottraUis, ser- 
 vandis, and assignayes." Crossraguel Charters, i. 120, 
 Ayr and Wigton Arch. Coll. 
 
 This is an unusual word. However, as there were 
 several classes of cottars, the ones here named may 
 have been those who were farm-servants or field- 
 labourers. Named from L. Lat. cotura, a form of cul- 
 tura, field-labour. See Ducange, and for description 
 of the cottar see Innes' Leg. Antiq. , p. 267. 
 
 COUPLE, CupiLL, OuppiLL, s. A measure 
 
 of length, extending to twelve feet : used in 
 
 measuring building, and the area which it 
 
 covers or encloses. Addit. to Cujypil, q. v. 
 
 " A piece of land or particate of the cemetery of the 
 cathedral church, partly built and partly waste, ex- 
 tending to the space of 106 feet, or 8 cupill bigging in 
 length, reckoning 12 feet as one cappill bigging, and to 
 the space of 5 ells in breadth." Orig. Paroch., vol. ii., 
 pt. ii., p. 572. 
 
 COVE, Co, s. A cave, sea cave ; also ap- 
 plied to a narrow inlet or recess on a steep 
 rocky coast. 
 
 Both terms are still common in the west of Scot. ; 
 but on the Carrick and Galloway coasts a sea-cave is 
 invariably called a co. 
 
 A.-S. cd/a, a cell, a cave ; Icel. koji. 
 
 COWSWORTPI, KowswoRTH, s. A pro- 
 portion of odal-land equal to one-tenth of 
 a penny-land ; also called a yoiosioorth ; Op- 
 pressions in Orkney, Mait. C. 
 
 CRAPOTE', s. The toad-stone : Chelonitis, 
 a precious stone. 
 
 Hir selle it was of reele bone, 
 Full semely was that syghte to see ! 
 Stefly sett with precyous stones, 
 And compaste all with crapot^. 
 
 Thomas of Ersseldoune, 1. 24. 
 0. Fr. crapaudine, "the stone Chelonitis, or tlie 
 Toad-stone ; " Cotgr. From Fr. crapaud, a toad, lit. 
 the creeper ; but of Germ, origin : cf. Icel. Icrjupa, to 
 creep. 
 
 Reele-hone, also rude-hone, rowel hone, and royal-hone. 
 See Gloss. Scot, and English Ballads, by Prof. Childs. 
 
 CROSS-TARRIE, s. V. Croishtarich. 
 CRUE, Cru, s. a fish trap ; Orig. Paroch., 
 II., ii. 612. Addit. to Crue, q. v. 
 
 CoUoq. form and contr. of cruve. 
 
 To CRYSTE, V. n. To vaunt, bounce, brag, 
 boast; part. pr. cry start, cry stin: "crackin' 
 an' crystin by the ingle cheek." V. 
 Creyst, s. 
 
 Lit. to raise or show one's crest, as male birds do 
 when strutting and posing before the female. A.-S. 
 crcBSta, a crest, tuft, which, like O. Fr, creste, is prob. 
 from Lat. crista, a crest. 
 
 (Sup.) O 2 
 
 CUITIE, CUITIE-BOYN, s. V. CUTTIE-BOYN. 
 
 CUMLYNE, s. A stranger ; lit. an incomer; 
 
 Babour's Saints, Peter, 1. 649. Addit. to 
 
 CUMLIN, q. V. 
 
 ^' Comelynge, new cum man or woman;" Prompt. 
 Parv. 
 
 CUNIAK, CuNNiAK, s. A corner, an angle. 
 
 West and South of S. 
 
 This is not a dimin. of cunyie, a corner, which has 
 come from Lat. ciineus, a wedge, through 0. Fr. coin. 
 It is of Celtic origin, from Gael, cuinne, a corner, an 
 angle. 
 
 To CURE, V. a. To attend to; hence, to 
 
 work, dress, prepare; "to cure land," to 
 
 till it. 
 
 I have an aiker of good ley-land, 
 
 Ba, ba, ba, lilli, ba. 
 Which lyeth low by yon sea-strand, 
 
 The wind hath blown my plaid awa. 
 For thou must cure it with thy horn, 
 
 Ba, ba, &c.. 
 So thou must sow it with thy corn. 
 
 The wind, &c. 
 
 Ballad, The Elfin Knight, 1. 45. 
 
 O. Fr. cure, attention ; from Lat. cura. ' 
 
 CURROUR, Cursor, s. A ranger, collector. 
 Addit. to Curror, q. v. 
 
 "Each ward had a ranger or currour (cursor), who 
 collected the rents and accounted for them to the ex- 
 chequer, and who appears also to have had a general 
 charge of the royal interests within his ward." Orig. 
 Paroch., i. 246. 
 
 " The office of cursor or ranger of the ward of 
 Ettrick." Ibid., i. 263. 
 
 CURSELL, s. V. DicT. 
 
 Delete the entry under this heading in DiCT. 
 
 Cursell is a misreading of Tursell, a form of Trussell, 
 the upper die used in stamping money. The etym. 
 suggested for cursell is also a mistake. V. under 
 Trussell. 
 
 CUTE, s. A small Danish coin worth about 
 one-twelfth of a penny, and similar to the 
 O. Scot, doit; Alex. Scott's Poems, pp. 11, 
 83, ed. 1882; Lyndsay, Sq. Meldrum, 1. 
 294. Addit. to Cute, q. v. 
 
 Only the secondary meaning is given in DiCT., and 
 both etymology and explanation are wrong. See note 
 under Quytt. 
 
 0. Dan. kvitt. Mod. Dan. hvid, a small coin, one-third 
 of a Dan. skillihg, or about one-twelfth of an Eng. 
 penny. 
 
 CUTTEL, s. A measuring rod of the length 
 of a Scotch ell, used in Shetland ; an ell, 
 
 "The cuttell, quhilk is thair mesour or elwaud, 
 quh air with thai mett thair clayth callit Wadmell." 
 Oppressions in Orkney, p. 18. 
 
 The cuttel was the fundamental unit of length and 
 valuation in Shetland. A cuttel of wadmel long bore a 
 standard value of 6d Scots : 6 cuttels being equal to a 
 ure or ounce of valuation ; 20 cuttels equal to a sheep ; 
 and six score or a long hundred, to an ox. The value 
 of the cuttel was raiseil to 2 shillings by Earl Robert. 
 See Gloss. Oppressions in Orkney. 
 
 CYPRESS, s. Crape, gauze. V. Sipers. 
 
DAN 
 
 [298] 
 
 DIS 
 
 D 
 
 To DANDER, DaNxVer, v. n. To make a 
 
 loud rattling or reverberating sound : part. 
 
 pr. dandeHng, dandring, dannering, used also 
 
 as an adj., as in '' the danderin drum." A 
 
 weakened form of Dunner, q. v. 
 
 The armies met, the trumpet sounds, 
 The dandring drums alloud did touk. 
 
 Ballad, Battle of Harlaw, 1. 138. 
 
 Dander, Danner, s. A loud rattling or re- 
 verberating sound ; also, a stroke or blow 
 that produces such a sound. 
 
 DASS, s. A ledge on a precipice. Addit. 
 to Dass, q. V. 
 
 A sheep is said to be " clinted on a dass, " when, 
 having leaped down upon a ledge after fresh herbage, 
 it cannot get back. 
 
 DAVACH, Davoch, s. An extent of land 
 fit to be worked by four ploughs, and hence 
 equal to 416 acres; Scot. Gael., II., 80 ; 
 Lines, Leg. Antiq., p. 273. V. under 
 Dawache. 
 
 DED-THRAWYNG, s. Death-struggle, 
 agony of death: Douglas, III., 343, 18, 
 Small. V. Dede-Thraw. 
 
 To DEFAR, V. a. and n. To submit, with- 
 draw; Bann. MS., p. 410, Hunt. Soc. 
 Addit. to Defer, q. v. 
 
 To DEFEND, v. a. To prohibit, forbid. 
 Addit. to Defend, q. v. 
 
 Syne I defend and forbiddis every wicht. 
 That can nocht spell thair Pater Noster richt. 
 For till correct or yit amend Virgyle, 
 Or the translatar blame in his vulgar style. 
 
 Douglas, Virgil, ProL, Bk. i. 
 It is used in the same sense by Shakespeare in Rich. 
 III., iii. 7. 
 
 To DEIS, Dais, v. a. To desk, fit with a 
 desk ; to enclose, surround : to dels a fotmi, 
 to fit it up as a pew. V. Deis, s. 
 
 "And the foir furmes in the Trongaitt Kirk in all 
 pairtis to be deissit." Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 1625, i. 
 345, Kec. Soc. 
 
 To DEME, V. a. To judge, criticise; to 
 think or speak evil of, defame ; also, to sift, 
 cleanse. 
 
 Bot wist thir folkis that vthir demiss. 
 How that their sawis to vthir semiss, 
 Thair vicious wordis and vanitie, 
 Their tratling tungis that all furth temiss, 
 Sum wald lat thair deming be. 
 
 Dunbar, Musing Allone, 1. 36. 
 
 Demar, Demer, s. Judge, critic ; censor, 
 evil-speaker, def amer ; Ibid., 1. 42. 
 
 Deming, Demyng, s. 1. Judgment, opinion, 
 evil - speaking, defamation. Addit. to 
 [Demyng], q. v. 
 
 For thocht I be ane crownit king, 
 Yit sail I not eschew deming ; 
 Sum callis me guid, sum sayis I lie. 
 Sum cravis of God to end my ring, 
 So sail I not vndemit be. 
 
 Ibid., ]. 7. 
 
 2. Dust, rubbish, refuse : " the deming of 
 
 coals," the sif tings or refuse of coal: Records 
 
 of Old Dundee, p. 107. 
 
 DERFT, adj. Determined, stolid, dogged. 
 V. Derf. 
 
 But with ane heily heart both doft and derft. 
 
 Priests of Peebles. 
 
 DETESTIVE, Detestine, adj. Detestable, 
 to be detested, pernicious, obnoxious ; also, 
 despiteful, contemptuous. 
 
 Than said Vesta, that did Scriptour deuine 
 Of the Euangell, and the law positiue, 
 It did suspend, and haldis as detestiue. 
 
 Rolland, Court of Venus, iii. 369, S. T. S. 
 
 In order to suit his rhymes the samejpoet adopts the 
 form detestine. 
 
 . . . but bad me sone pas hine 
 Vnto the nine nobiUis of excellence, 
 Quhair I gat not be ansueir detestine. 
 
 Ibid., ii. 975. 
 
 In the S. T. S. version these lines (and many others) 
 are incorrectly punctuated, whereby the sense ia 
 spoiled ; but with the setting here given the meaning 
 is clear enough. 
 
 In the Gloss, detestine is rendered ^definite,' which ia 
 certainly a mistake. 
 
 O. Fr. detester, to detest, loathe ; Lat. detestari, to 
 execrate. 
 
 To DIFFER, V. n. To disagree, dispute, 
 contend, quarrel. Addit. to Differ, q. v. 
 
 Difference, Differ, s. Dispute, conten- 
 tion, quarrel : " They had an angry dij'er 
 about their father's siller." Addit. to Dir- 
 ferance, q. V. 
 
 To DISCURE, V. a. To discourse of : hence, 
 
 to relate, tell, discover, reveal. Addit. to 
 
 Discure, q. v. 
 
 Beware quhome to thy counsale thow discure, 
 Ffor trewth dwellis nocht ay for that trewth appeiris : 
 Put not thyne honour into aventeure ; 
 Ane freind may be thy fo as fortoun steiris. 
 
 Dunbar, To dwell in Court, 1. 9. 
 
 DISTRIBIT, DiSTRUBiT, part. pt. Distri- 
 buted, apportioned. 
 
 These forms represent the common pron. of distrib- 
 uted j and the following passage shows that it wa« 
 prevalent in the middle of the sixteenth century-. 
 
 " . . . and wyll gyf na parte of thair benefice 
 for the susteutatioun of pure peple within thair 
 
DOC 
 
 [299] 
 
 DUG 
 
 paryschyng. For doubtles thaj' ar bot dispensatouris 
 or stewartis of the same, to be distruhit to thaim self 
 sa far as thai myster to thair honest sustentatioun, and 
 also to the pure peple of thair awin perrochyne in 
 speciall, and in reparatioun of thair queir quhen it 
 nedis." Abp. Hamilton's Catechism, fol. 59a. 
 
 This word was overlooked by Jamieson, and it does 
 not appear in the very full and careful Gloss, of 
 the Clar. Press ed. of Hamilton. 
 
 DOOK-M AILL, s. Harbour dues, anchorage ; 
 Orig. Paroch., 11. pt. 2, p. 638. 
 
 DOFT, adj. Stupid, senseless. V. Dofart. 
 
 But with ana heily hert both doft and derft 
 They aye begin where that their fathers left. 
 
 Priests of Peebles. 
 
 DOLE, Dale, Dole, s. Service, portion, 
 piece, lump, quantity. Addit. to Dail and 
 DoOL, q. V. 
 
 In the West and South of Scotland dale, or dail, is 
 frequently used with the meaning quantity, amount, as 
 in " There's a dale, o' confused feedin in a sheep's head." 
 
 A.-S. ddl, variant of ddel, a share, portion: M. E. 
 dole, dale. 
 
 Dollop, Doolup, Dullip, s. A large piece, 
 portion, or service ; " a dawd o' scone and a 
 dollop o' cheese ; " also, a quantity, number, 
 collection, assortment ; " There's the hail 
 dullip or dollop to you." 
 
 Perhaps dollop is a corr, of dollock, dimin. of dole, 
 used in the loose, general, and sometimes opposite 
 senses in which dimins. are used : for instance, lassocJc 
 or lassie seldom means a little lass, and sometimes 
 means a biggish one, as in the expression, " a lump o' a 
 lassock," or "a lump o' a lassie." 
 
 In the sense of number, collection, assortment, how- 
 ever, the term appears to have got mixed up with 
 Gael, didlam, collection, gathering, gleanings. 
 
 DONE, Don, part.-pt. This auxiliary, when 
 followed by a vb. in the inf., forms an in- 
 tensive part. pt. of that vb. : thus, " He has 
 done settle," he has settled ; lit., he has 
 caused to be settled. 
 
 As he hes plainlie done declair himsell, 
 As thou may reid in his halie Evangel!. 
 
 Lyndsay, Thrie Estaitis, 1. 3584. 
 This I'arliament, richt sa, hes done conclude. 
 
 Ibid., 1. 3939. 
 
 DORMOND, s. A joist: ''dormonds and 
 ribbs," i.e., joists and couples ; Records of 
 Old Dundee, p. 161. 
 
 Lit. a sleeper : Fr. dormant, part. pr. of dormir, to 
 sleep ; cf. L. Lat. dormitor, a large beam or sleeper, 
 from Lat. dormire. 
 
 DORP, DoRPE, Drope, s. a village : another 
 form is thorp. 
 
 " This trie, in testimonie heirof, to the kirke of the 
 nychtbour dorpe was brocht, and thair laid vpe, and 
 evin to his tyme, he affirmes, hes bene keipit." Leslie's 
 Hist. Scot., p. 61, S.T.S. 
 
 ' ' Priestes, quha may to the lai peple betuene dorpe 
 and dorpe, and toune and toune, minister the blist 
 Sacrament." Ibid., p. 106. 
 
 The form drope occurs in Bann. MS., p. 868, Hunt. 
 Soc. 
 
 Du. dorp, a hamlet ; A.-S. thorp, Sw. and Dan. torp. 
 
 DOT-AND-GO-ONE. v. Dict. 
 
 This expression is a record of the old method of 
 teaching and working arithmetic in our parish schools. 
 Fifty years ago it was in common use in country dis- 
 tricts of the North of Scotland. Dot, i.e., put down 
 the mark or figure, and go one, i. e. , and carry one. Its 
 application to unequal motion is therefore apt and ex- 
 pressive. 
 
 DOUD, Dude, Duid, Dwid, Duit. Do it : 
 
 "But he canna duit." 
 
 The Bann. MS. here reads dwid, in the primary text, 
 and doud in the duplex. See Bann. MS., p. 135, 
 Hunt. Soc. These forms represent pron. which are 
 still common. 
 
 " Art thow contrite and sorie in thy spreit 
 For thy trespas ? " " No, Schir, I can nocht dude." 
 Henry son, The Tod's Confessioun, 1. 86. 
 Thow mon be bureit in thy hude, 
 Thy windinscheit is nocht in weir, 
 
 Thy airis ar of eild to diM ; 
 Do for thy self quhill thow art heir. 
 
 Dunbar, Do for thyself, 1. 55, ed. Laing. 
 
 DOUGHTY, DuGHTiE, adj. Valiant, 
 brave ; noble, great ; powerful, strong ; 
 Ajax' Speech, st. 1. V. Doughty. 
 
 DouGHTELY, adv. Valiantly, Barbour, xv. 
 319, ed. Hart. V. Douchtely. 
 
 A.-S. dohtig, dyhtig, valiant. 
 
 DOUTH, DouTHE, s. The nobility, nobles, 
 
 knights : also, a noble family, race ; Gaw. 
 
 and Alex. Romances. 
 
 A.-S. duguth, excellence; also, the nobility, noble 
 band of men. 
 
 DRAUNT, V. and s. V. Drant. 
 
 Draunting, Drunting, adj. Whining, com- 
 plaining, grumbling. 
 
 But lest you think I am uncivil, 
 
 To plague you with this draunting drivel. 
 
 Burns, Poem on Life, st. 8. 
 
 DRAIGIE, s. V. Dregy. 
 
 DRAVE on, pret. Passed away. V. Drive 
 
 To DRAW on, V. n. To draw near; as, 
 " The time 's drawin on^ 
 
 To DRIVE off or aff, v. a. To put away, 
 banish, defer; Abp. Hamilton's Catechism, 
 fol. 110b. 
 
 To Drive on, v. n. To pass away, pass 
 rapidly; pret. drave, drove. 
 
 The night drave on wi' sangs and clatter, 
 And ay the ale was growing better. 
 
 Burns, Tani o' Shunter, 
 
 DUGHTIE, adj. Valiant. V. Doughty, 
 
DUI 
 
 [300] 
 
 EYS 
 
 DUID, DwiD, Dude, Duit. Do it. V. 
 Doud. 
 
 DULL, s. A goal. V. Dule. 
 
 To DUNCH, v. n. To strike, knock, thump, 
 dash, crash : " The boat dunched on the 
 rock." Addit. to Dunch, q. v. 
 
 DuNCH, s. A smart blow, a crash, shock. 
 
 " It [i.e. the ship] struck the reef with such a dunch 
 as threw us all flat on the deck." R. L. Stevenson, 
 Kidnapped, p. 118. 
 
 DUNG, part. pt. Driven, beaten, battered, 
 knocked about, as, ''dung to bits;" also 
 used as a pret. in all the senses of Ding, 
 q. V. Addit. to Dung, q. v. 
 
 DYSING, s. Dicing, gambling: "carting 
 and dysing;" Abp. Hamilton's Catechism, 
 fol. 36a. 
 
 DYVOUR, Dyvor, Divor, s. Evil-doer, 
 ne'er-do-well, blackguard ; Alex. Wilson, 
 Watty and Meg. Addit. to Dyvour, q. v. 
 
 The term is still so used in the West of S., and 
 without the slightest reference to bankruptcy : indeed, 
 it has now almost lost that meaning. 
 
 It is besides frequently used as an adj., as in the 
 phrase ' ' a divor loon : " and in the following passage 
 by Gait it is so used. 
 
 " A sorner, an incomer from the east country, that 
 hung about the change-house as a divor hostler, that 
 would rather gang a day's journey in the dark than 
 turn a spade in daylight, came to him as he stood in 
 the door, and went in with him to see the sport." 
 Annals of the Parish, ch. 19. 
 
 Dyvour Habit, Dyvour's Habit, s. The 
 dress or badge of a bankrupt, a yellow 
 cap. V. Dyv^our. 
 
 A Debtor who gi-anted to his creditors a disposition 
 upon a cessio bonorum, when set at liberty required, if 
 his creditors insisted upon it, to wear for the future a 
 particular habit appropriated by custom to dyvours or 
 bankrupts. This was a yellow cap. See Act of 
 Sederunt, 17 May, 1606. 
 
 By Act of Parliament, 1696, ch. 5, dyvours were 
 prohibited from dispensing with habit unless they 
 proved that bankruptcy was owing to misfortune. In 
 1813, however. Lord Meadowbank declared that "con- 
 demnation to the dyvour's habit is now undoubtedly 
 done away." 
 
 E. 
 
 EALD, Ealdins, Ealins. V. under Eild. 
 
 EASTLAND, Estland, s. and adj. The 
 Baltic countries ; from the Baltic ; Haly- 
 burton's Ledger, pref . p. 83, 107 ; Tucker's 
 Report, p. 44 ; B. Recs. Stirling, see Gloss. 
 Addit. to Eastland, q. v. 
 
 EELINS, Ealins, adj. and s. V. Eildins. 
 
 ELDIN, s. Fire ; burning coals, called 
 kindling, or kindling-coal; also, lightning. 
 Addit. to Eldin, q. v. 
 
 * ' Wilyem Strayquhen fermer in Aberdeen sittane in 
 his howiss the leyft beand full of eldin, fell on him and 
 he departit the xi. day of aug' the year of god 1578 
 yeris." Reg. of Births, Deaths, &c., Aberdeen, 1568 
 to 1592. 
 
 ENDED, Endit, pret. and part. pr. Forms 
 
 of ainded, breathed; Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 
 
 29, S.T.S. V. Aynd. 
 ENDER, Endre, Endres, adj. Past, gone- 
 
 by : ende7--dsLy, end7'es-day, past day, other 
 
 day; Scot. Ball., Child, 1. 98. 
 Icel. endr, past, in time past, formerly. 
 
 ERDLIK, Erdelik, adj. V. Erdly. 
 
 To ERM, Earm, Irm, v. n. To whine, com- 
 plain. V. YlRM. 
 
 A.-S. earm, miserable; earmian, to grieve : M. E. 
 ermen. By vowel-change of ea to y, the A.-S. yrman, 
 to grieve was formed, from which the words irm and 
 yirm have come, and also the corruptions yeiii and 
 yirn. See Skeat's Etym. Diet, under Yearn. 
 
 To ESCHEW, V. a. and n. To issue, let out, 
 go out : a form of issue. V. Eschay, «., 
 and IscH, V. 
 
 " He opened the Door thereof to eschew himself, and 
 to let his Majesty's servants in." Gowrie Conspiracies, 
 p. 53. 
 
 EYANGELL, Ewangell, Vangell, Wan- 
 gell, Vangile, s. The gospel, the Gos- 
 pels, the New Testament. 
 
 EYSTERCOP, Eistercowp, s. An ancient 
 land-burden in Orkney and Shetland. V. 
 Austercoip. 
 
FA 
 
 [3011 
 
 FIN 
 
 F. 
 
 To FA', V. a. 1. To get, obtain, suffer, en- 
 dure. 
 
 Through misfortune he happen'd to /a\ man. 
 
 Sheriffmuir, Hogg's Jacobite Relics, ii. 1. 
 
 2. To attempt, accomplish ; to strive to do or 
 to obtain ; as, " Ye canna, and ye needna 
 /a' that." 
 Addit. to Faw, q. v. 
 
 Fa', s. Story or complaint of what has be- 
 fallen one. Addit. to Faw, q. v. 
 
 Now isna that Lady Maisry 
 That makes sic a dole fix' /«'• 
 
 Buchan's Ballads, ii. 228. 
 
 F AID, Fade, s. Feud, quarrel ; Leslie, Hist. 
 Scot., p. 92, 93, S. T. S. V. Faid, v. 
 
 Gael./aec?, aversion, displeasure. 
 
 FAILRATH, s. V. Fuilrath. 
 
 To FAIL YE, Falyie, Falye, v. n. To fail 
 in duty, fault, do wrong. Addit. to Failye, 
 Falye. 
 
 " . . . and the contraveneris als oft as thsii falyie 
 sail pay the penalties foirsaidis." Burgh Recs. Stir- 
 ling, p. 133. 
 
 The term occurs frequently in our Burgh Becords in 
 this sense. 
 
 FAILYIE, s. A form of Fulyie, q. v. ; 
 Burgh Recs. Stirling, p. 133. 
 
 FALCAGE, s. Cutting, mowing; the right 
 of cutting grass in wood or meadow ; Orig. 
 Paroch., I. 375. 
 
 L. Lat. falcagium, the right of cutting in wood or 
 meadow ; Fr. fauchacje. From Lat. falx, falcis, a sickle. 
 
 FA'N, part. pt. Fallen. 
 
 Fa'n fra the gled. All in disorder, like prey 
 dropped by a hawk : applied to a slovenly 
 dressed female ; " There's our Jennie as she 
 had fan f rae the gled." 
 
 Fa'n fra the lift. Fallen from the sky ; ap- 
 plied to unexpected, sudden, or startling 
 events, and generally used as an adv. 
 
 To FARK, V. n. V. Ferh 
 
 FASIANE, Fasane, s. A pheasant ; Leslie, 
 Hist. Scot, p. 39, S. T. S. M. E. fesaun. 
 
 O. Fr. fasian, a pheasant : from Lat. phasiana, a 
 pheasant. It was so named because it was brought 
 from the river Phasis in Colchis; 
 
 FATOUR, Fatoure, s. A deceiver. 
 
 Ryght so the fatoure, the false theif, I say, 
 With suete tresoun oft wynnith thus his pray. 
 
 The Kingis Quair, st. 135, ed. Skeat. 
 
 Sibbald reads feator ; but the correct word is fatoure, 
 as in Skeat's ed. All the other editions have the mis- 
 reading satoure. 
 
 0. Fr. faiteor, from Lat. factorem, a doer, maker, 
 agent. Hence it took up the sense of pretender, im- 
 postor. Spelt /a?/<0!<r in P. Plowman, V. Gloss. 
 
 FAULCON, Faucon, s. A falcon, hawk; 
 Halyburton's Ledger, p. 313. 
 
 FAUTOR, s. Agent, promoter, partisan. 
 
 "Sundry practices and devices in hand by the queen 
 of Scotts' /ai<<ors and ministers here." Sir H. Norria 
 to Queen Elizabeth, Paris, 30 Sept., 1570, Preface to 
 Nau's Memorials of the Reign of Mary Stewart, p. 
 clxvii. 
 
 O. Fr. fauteur, "A. fautor, fauourer, furtherer, 
 helper ; " Cotgr. Lat. fautor, from favere. 
 
 FEE, s. Wild animals, as deer, &c. ; Scot. 
 Ball,, Child, L 100, 107. Addit. to Fe, q. v. 
 
 FEIDELANDS, s. pi. Rich pastures on 
 which cattle are fed both winter and sum- 
 mer; Hibbert's Shetland, p. 507. 
 A compound of feedy, abounding in food. 
 
 FERMABILL, Fermeabill, adj. Able to 
 be closed, capable of being shut in. V. 
 Ferme, v. 
 
 ' ' For making of the well fermeabill in tyme comeing, 
 for preventing of danger that might happen to young 
 bairns living near by the samyne." Culross and Tullie- 
 allan, i. 317. 
 
 To FERK, Fare, v. n. To start, proceed, 
 march; Allit. Rom. Alex., 1. 926, 545. 
 A. -S. fercian, to assist, help, support. 
 
 To FICHE, FiscHE, Fysche, v. a. To set, 
 fix, fix upon, adduce, invent ; part, pa,, 
 fichyt, fischit, fyschit, Barbour, xx. 178. 
 
 "Sa and a man mycht haif lauchfully luflfit his nycht- 
 bouris wyfe, he mycht afschit ane cause to his wife, to 
 put hir away," i.e., he might have fixed, fastened, or 
 invented a cause against her ; Abp. Hamilton's Cate- 
 chism, fol. 72, b. 
 
 Jamieson gave only the form fichyt from Barbour, 
 Edin. MS. The Camb. MS. has fyschit ; and the third 
 form, fischit, is shown in the above extract from Abp. 
 Hamilton. 
 
 FIDDLE, s. To find a fiddle, to come upon 
 something very amusing. Addit. to Fiddle, 
 
 This expression is now generally applied to a person 
 who is extraordinarily merry without apparent cause. 
 
 FIN", s. A cape, headland ; lit. end. Addit. 
 to Fyne. 
 
 It's even ower by Aberdour, 
 There's mony a craig a,n&fin. 
 
 And yonder lies Sir Patrick Spens, 
 Wi' mony a guid lord's son. 
 Ballad, Sir Patrick Spens, Child, iii., 342. 
 
FIN 
 
 [302] 
 
 FRU 
 
 To FIN YIE, V. a. To feign, pretend, imitate. 
 
 " Thay dryue the pray now on this syd now on that 
 syd of the riiier : and beyonde the water thay finyie a 
 dwble passage, that in treding of the fute thay may be 
 deceiued." Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 21, S. T. S. 
 
 0. Fr. feindre, to fashion, feign ; from Lat. fingere, 
 to make, fashion. 
 
 FITTIE, adj. Nimble, aorile ; able to use the 
 feet well and nimbly. Errat. in Dict. 
 
 Delete both defin. and note given under this heading 
 in Dict. : they are mistakes. Indeed, the whole entry 
 may be deleted, as the term is previously explained 
 under Fit, a foot. It is not pronounced feetie, but 
 Jittie: as in the Jittie-lan' of Burns. 
 
 FIjAN, s. a small plate or piece of metal 
 
 from which a coin is made. V. under 
 
 Trussell. 
 
 O. Fr. J!.anc, ' ' a planchet, or plate of mettall readie 
 to be stamped on, or coyned ; " Cotgr. 
 
 FLEIKWANDS, s. Same as Flaik-Stand, 
 q. V. ; Burgh Recs. Glasgow, II. 424, Rec. 
 Soc. 
 
 FLEIS, Fleish, s. Fleece ; a sheep. 
 
 Five hundred ^ets now in ane flok. 
 
 Wowing of Jock and Jenny. 
 Fleish represents the vulgar pron. still in use ; and 
 it may be remarked that shepherds still talk of, and sum 
 their flocks, as so many Jleis or fleish. A.-S. fly's, a 
 fleece ; Du. vlies. Germ, fliess. 
 
 FLIEDLIE, adv. In fear, timorously, shyly; 
 Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 25, S. T. S. ' V. 
 Fleit. 
 
 To FLIKKER, v. n. To flap about, flutter, 
 quiver, struggle like one in agony; part. pr. 
 jiikkerand. 
 
 Doun duschit the beist deid on the land gan ly, 
 Sprewland a,nA flikkerand in the deid thrawis. 
 
 Douglas, ed. Small, ii. 252, 25. 
 This is a freq. form oi flick, flik, weakened irom flack, 
 flak, to hang loosely ; M. E. flahken, to flap about. 
 From the base _/?ac- of A.-S. Hac-or, flying, roving; 
 Icel. flakka, to rove ; flaka, to flap. V. Skeat, Etym. 
 Diet., s. v. Flicker. 
 
 FOCH, FosH, pret. Fetched. V. Fotch. 
 
 FOTCH, FocH, FosH, Fuish, pret. Fetched. 
 V. FusH. 
 
 FOOT-PACK, s. A pedlar's pack ; Priests 
 of Peebles. 
 
 FORE-AGAINST, Forgainst, Fore- 
 Agains, Foraganes, For-Gains, For- 
 Ganes, prep. Directly opposite ; Records of 
 Old Dundee, p. 153 ; Leslie, Hist. Scot, p. 
 87, S. T. S. Synon., fore-anent. Addit. to 
 
 FOREGAINST, q. V. 
 
 FORINSEC, adj. Foreign ; forinsec service, 
 foreign service, or service abroad : also, ex- 
 traordinary. 
 
 A grant of William, Earl of Ross, in 1366, is for 
 " yearly payment of a penny of silver in name of blench 
 ferme, in lieu of every other service except the forinsec 
 service of the king when required." Orig. Paroch, vol. 
 2, pt. 2, p. 406. 
 
 The term is thus explained by Cosmo Innes in his 
 Legal Antiquities, p. 62: " Servitium forinsecum or 
 Scoticanum — service without or within Scotland, cor- 
 responded to the old Saxon utwer and inwer." 
 
 It also meant the payment of extraordinary aid, as 
 opposed to the common and ordinary duties within the 
 lord's court. See Kennet's Grloss., and Cowel. 
 
 FORK, s. A prong, a gibbet, gallows. 
 
 " Gif ony of thir be conuicte of falshet, lat him end 
 his lyf vpon ane fork, and kastne by vnyerdet." Les- 
 lie, Hist. Scot., p. 121, S. T. S. 
 
 0. Fr. fourche, a fork, prong, gibbet. 
 
 To FORTUNE, v. n. To happen, befal; 
 Abp. Hamilton's Catechism, fol. 40b. Addit. 
 to FORTOUN, q. V. 
 
 FOUD, FoAVD, s. President, justiciar, cap- 
 tain, or chief of a company during a voyage 
 or excursion. Addit. to Foud, q. v. 
 
 "All merchandis passand to thair woyages furth of 
 Scotland to ony forane cuntrie, at the electioun of thair 
 foud or justiciar, in thair wayages furth and hame, the 
 fowd and his clerk that vayage sail be ansuirabill to 
 the said box [i.e., the poor-box of the merchants] of all 
 unlawis and convictionis of merchandis for swering, 
 banning, or tacking the Lordis name in waine, all un- 
 lawis incurrit be the saidis merchandis for pleying, 
 mispersoning, iniurring, or bludevict, betuixt merchand 
 and merchand in thair saidis wayages ather be land or 
 be sey, the almess collectit ilk day or ilk secund or 
 third day in the sey efter Goddis service and ordinar 
 prayeris in the morning, all sowmes of money promesit, 
 and conditiones to the pure, in tymes of distres and 
 storme of wether, in perell and danger of thair ly vis, be 
 the merchandis ; everie merchand or sa mony of ane 
 schippis merchandis as waschis thair heidis in France, 
 Flanderis, Danskin, or uther cuntries, to gif and collect 
 to the said box to the honour of God and thair pure and 
 nedie brethrene, and to thair vyfSs and bairnis left in 
 pouertie and distres." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, 1600, 
 ii. 215, Sp. C. 
 
 To FRAK, V. n. To burst, break, rush or 
 pass quickly over. L. Lat. fractare. 
 
 Than quho sail wirk for warldis wrak, 
 Quhen flude and fyre sail our it frak, 
 And frely fruster feild and fure 
 With tempest kene and hiddouss crak ? 
 
 Dunbar, Quhome to Sail I Complene, 1. 77. 
 
 To FRESE, Fresle, v. a. To undo, unbend, 
 
 slack, as " to frese a bow ; " to furl, as " to 
 
 frese a sail ; " to untwine, untwist, as '' to 
 
 fresle out a cord." 
 
 0. Fr. fresler, " to furle, to slacken or undo ; " Cotgr. 
 
 FRUG, Frugge, s. a loose upper or over- 
 coat, a cloak or mantle of coarse cloth : also 
 a coverlet, rug, or other covering. V. Frog. 
 
 The pure Cottar lykand to die — 
 
 And lies twa ky, but ony ma. 
 
 The Vickar must haif ane of thay, 
 
 With the gray frugge that covers the bed, 
 
 Howbeit the wvfe be purelie cled. 
 
 Lindsay, Thrie EstaUis, 1. 2731. 
 
FUF 
 
 [303] 
 
 GAI 
 
 Frugge here evidently means the wife's gray cloak, 
 which was also used as a coverlet by night : the poet 
 thus indicates the poverty of the family. 
 
 O. Fr. /roc, from Lat. froctis, a monk's frock : hence 
 any loose upper garment or covering. 
 
 FUFFY, adj. 
 
 FUFF. 
 
 Short tempered, huffy. V. 
 
 FUFFILY, afZy. Huffily; scornfully. 
 
 FUILEATH, Failrath, s. Court of blood- 
 wits, i.e., ivites or penalties for shedding 
 blood ; also, right to hold such courts ; Celtic 
 Scotland, III. 217. 
 
 "Earl Malcolm granted the lands . . . , with 
 court of blood wits, which is called in Scotch failrath. 
 Orig. Paroch., I. 35. 
 
 Gael, fuil, blood, family, tribe, and rdith, appeal, 
 umpire. 
 
 FUISH, FOSH, pret. Fetched. V. Fotch, 
 
 FUSH. 
 
 FULLE, adj. Foul, base, shameful: "a 
 
 fuUe deid," a foul death. V. Fulyie. 
 FULLELIE, adv. Foully, shamefully. 
 
 Ane croce that was baith large and lang, 
 
 To beir thai gaif that blissit Lord ; 
 Syn fullelie, as theif to hang. 
 Thai harlit him furth with raip and corde. 
 
 Dunbar, The Passioun of Christ, 1. 51. 
 
 A.-^.ful, foul; lce\. full, Sw./ul, Dun. f aid. 
 
 FUR, s. A furrow. To hold the fur, to 
 keep in the furrow, to plough straight. 
 Addit. to Fur, q. v. 
 
 Gif that he [the bishop] commis not in at the door, 
 Goddis plough may never hold the fur. 
 
 Priests of Peebles. 
 That is, the true work of the Church can never pros- 
 per under a false bishop. 
 
 FURE, pret. Fared, fed ; A.-S. fdron, pt. pi 
 of faran. 
 
 And of thair merry cheer what make I mair, 
 Thay/M?'e as well as any folk might fare. 
 
 Priests oflPeebles. 
 
 G 
 
 GAB ART, Gabbart, Gaubart, Gaubert, s. 
 A gabardine : a coarse frock or upper gar- 
 ment : applied also to the close-fitting 
 cloak worn by travellers, which was really 
 a loose greatcoat. Addit. to Galbert, 
 q. V. 
 
 "Item, ane gaubart of russat, xx s. ; item, ane hag- 
 toune of rayit clayth, xviij d." Burgh Recs. Stirling, 
 1521, p. 13. • 
 
 The loose great-coat or cloak worn by the old char- 
 tered beggars called " bluegoivns," was often called a 
 gahart or gabardine. 
 
 The form Galbert given by Jamieson is merely 
 graphic, and does not represent the sound. The Ih is 
 really an old way of writing bb ; and the true form of 
 the word is gabbart. 
 
 Span, gabardina, a coarse frock : an extension of 
 Span, gaban, a great-coat with a hood. See Skeat's 
 Etym. Diet. s. v. Gabardine. 
 
 GAIRDONE, s. Prob. for guerdon, recom- 
 pense, reward. 
 
 Na grome on ground'my gairdone may degraid. 
 
 Henry son, A ige and Yoivth, st. 3. 
 Not defined in Dict. ; and Jamieson's suggestion as 
 to meaning is wrong. He is right, however, in reading 
 grume for groivine : Laing's ed. has grome. 
 
 0. Fr. guerdon, from L. Lat. widerdonum, corr. from 
 O. H. Ger. loidarl&n, a recompense, lit. a back-loan, 
 A.-S. wither-ledn. 
 
 GAIT DICHTING. Geat Dychtyng, s. 
 A burghal tax or custom to pay for keeping 
 the streets clean ; also, the proceeds or in- 
 come obtained from that tax. 
 
 Like most of the burghal taxes, this one was paid in 
 kind. The person who undertook to keep the streets 
 
 clean got a ladle-full of every boll of grain or victual 
 brought to the market for sale ; hence, this tax was 
 also called " the ladle." But as the burgh increased in 
 population this custom became more and more valuable, 
 aud the authorities made the most of it by letting it 
 annually to the highest bidder. In the larger burghs, 
 indeed, it was a most important source of income. In 
 Stirling, for instance, this custom, which was let for 
 £12 in the year 1520, at the close of that century 
 realized £120 ; and fifty years later it was let for twice 
 that amount. But as the custom increased in value 
 and importance as a source of revenue, it pressed more 
 and more heavily on the merchants and dealers, and 
 various attempts were made to limit its claims or to 
 evade its imposition. 
 
 Early in the seventeenth century the spirit of opposi- 
 tion to this custom was very strong in large burghs ; 
 but the dispute was brought to a head, and to the test 
 of law, by the action of the burgess dealers in Stirling, 
 who claimed exemption from the impost on the ground 
 that — "the layddell dewtie of the said burgh of Ster- 
 ling, and of all uther burrowis of this kingdome, uther- 
 wyse callit the geat dychtyngis, gevin fra the beginyng 
 to the burrowes for keiping of the geattis of the burghes 
 cleine, is onlie exteudit aganes unfremen who presentis 
 thair victuall to the mercatis of the saidis burrowea 
 allanerlie and na farder." Burgh Recs. Stirling, 1636, 
 p. 176. 
 
 The Lords of Secret Council, however, decided 
 against this claim, asserted the lawfulness of the 
 custom, defined its scope and extent in the following^ 
 terms : — " That the act foirsaid anent the custome of 
 the laidill is lauchfuUie maid for the weil of the said 
 burgh, and ordenis the same to ressave executioun, 
 with this interpretatioun, limitatioun, and restrictioun 
 alvtyse, that the said act salbe extendit only againes 
 suche persones inhabitantes of the said tmrgh who buyes 
 and bringis vituall to the said burgh and sellis the same 
 ower againe in that kynd, space, and sort as it was 
 bocht ; and that the same be nocht exteudit to na 
 victuale brocht in ather bi sey or land belongand to 
 fremen for the exercese of thair awin tredd." 
 
GAN 
 
 [304] 
 
 GRE 
 
 GANGARRIS, Gangers, s. pi Y. Dict. 
 
 Delete the entry under this heading in Dict. 
 Jamieson here followed Pinkerton who read gangarris 
 for gang garris. The line runs thus : — 
 
 "His gang garris all your chalmeris schog." And 
 the meaning is, "His tread makes all your chambers 
 shake." See Laing's ed. of Dunbar, vol. ii., p. 296. 
 
 GANTAR, adj. Poverty-stricken, pauper. 
 
 "And among the sums given yearly out of the 
 bishoprick inchides 18 bolls of victual and £10 paid to 
 gantar men of Nyg and Terbat." Orig. Faroch., vol. 
 ii. pt. ii., 445. 
 
 Gael, gann, scarce, mean, poor ; ganntachd, ganntar, 
 scarcity, poverty, want. 
 
 GAUBERT, Gaubart, s. V. Galbert, 
 
 Gabart. 
 
 GAUDON, s. 
 banner. 
 
 Prob. a corr. of guidon^ a 
 
 "Item, tua dragonis for the gaudons." Invent. 
 Vestments, &c. in St. Salv. Coll, St. Andrews, Mait. 
 C. Misc., iii. 199. 
 
 O. Fr. guidon, a banner, from L. Lat. guido, id. ; but 
 both are of Teut. origin, and prob. allied to Goth. 
 witan, to watch, observe, A.-S. wltan, to observe. Cf. 
 Icel. viti, a leader, signal : the primary use of the 
 banner being that of a guide or sign. See under Ouide 
 in Webster and Skeat. 
 
 GEIR, s. A green strip of land ; Recs. Old 
 Dundee, p. 242. E. gore. A form of Gair, 
 s. 2, q. V. 
 
 GIEN, GiNE, part. pt. Given. V. GlE. 
 
 GINGER-NUTS, s. pi. Short for ginger- 
 bread nuts, small gingerbread-biscuits. 
 
 GIRTHIS, GiRTHES, s. pi. Rods or poles 
 from which barrel -hoops are made. Addit. 
 to Girth, q. v. 
 
 Coopers still call their hoops girm, and the rods 
 from which they are made girths, 
 
 " If ouy outintounsman cum to Glasgow to sell ony 
 rungs, staps, stings, or girthes, quhaireiver he hes 
 thame ather be sea or land, and comes to ony brother 
 of craft to sell the samyne." MS. Minute Book of the 
 Coopers of Glasgow, 14 May, 1652. 
 
 GLECK, s. Vanity : applied to an idol. A 
 form of Glaik, a pretence, image, toy : see 
 s. 11 in Dict. 
 
 ' ' We will not fall down and worship the dol that 
 Nebuchadnessar has set up : if our God please he can 
 deliver us ; but whether he will deliver us or not, we 
 ■will not bow down to your Glecks" Sermons by Mr. 
 William Guthrie, p. 13. 
 
 GLYED, adj. Squint-eyed. V. Gley'd. 
 GOOD-SON, 8. V. GuD-SoNE. 
 
 GORGETT, s. A neckerchief, cover for the 
 bosom ; Scot. Ball., Child, iii. 246. 
 O. Fr. gorge, the throat : from L. Lat. gorgia, id 
 GOS, Goss, s. Short for goshawk, a falcon. 
 Swift as the gos drives on the wheeling hare. 
 
 BuDis, The Brigs of Ayr. 
 
 GOUDIE, ^. An office-bearer of an incor- 
 poration who keeps one of the keys of the 
 Box ; also, the name of the office. Svu. 
 boxmaster. 
 
 In each of the incorporated trades of Glasgow there 
 were two such ofiBcers ; and they were always selected 
 from the Master Court : one was chosen by the Deacon, 
 the other by the freemen of the trade. The incorpora- 
 tion of Cordiners is perhaps the only one which still 
 retains this old term ; and the following are its rules 
 regarding appointments to the office. 
 
 " One Master, to hold office for one year, shall be 
 nominated and appointed by the Deacon, and be called 
 the Deacon's Goudie, or keeper of a key of the Box. 
 
 " A Trade's Goudie or keeper of a key of the Box, 
 from among the nine Masters, to hold office for one 
 year." Rules and Regulations of the Incorporation of 
 Cordiners in Glasgow, p. 3. 
 
 To GOUL, GowL, V. n. To howl, roar, rave, 
 
 as the wind. E. yowl. Addit. to GouL, q. v. 
 
 " When the wind goicls in the chimney, and the rain 
 
 tirls on the roof." L. R. Stevenson, Kidnapped, p. 
 
 271. 
 
 GOWL, V. and s. V. Goul. 
 
 GRANDRIE, Granderie, Grandorie, s. 
 A septennial court anciently held in Shet- 
 land for the purpose of abating nuisances 
 and punishing local abuses ; also, nuisance, 
 abuse. 
 
 " Giflf na man compleins upon swyne ruting, itaucht 
 not to be tane up be way of Granderie. Yet nevar- 
 theles, the Laird, contrair the law and practik of the 
 cuntrie, put it up as ane article of the Granderie." 
 Oppression in Orkney, p. 46. 
 
 Icel. grand, hurt, injury, evil-doing ; and rof, review, 
 court of review, lit. reversal of judgment. 
 
 GRAVAT, Gravit, s. A woollen neck-tie 
 
 or scarf, a cravat : the hemp-g^'ovat, the 
 
 hangman's rope. A corr. of E. cravat, from 
 
 Fr. cravate. 
 
 " Tie a green gravat round his neck. 
 And lead him out and in, 
 And the best ae servant about your house, 
 To wait young Benjie on." 
 
 Ballad, Young Benjie. 
 
 Cravats were introduced into France in 1636, being 
 worn by the Croatians, who were called Crovates or 
 Cravates by the French. V. Skeat's Etym. Dict. 
 
 GRAVIL, s. The plant graymill or grora- 
 well, of the genus Lithospermum, anciently 
 used in the cure of gravel : hence its name. 
 
 This plant was said to be used also in procuring 
 abortion ; and in this connection it is mentioned in 
 some of our older ballads. 
 
 I why pou ye the pile, Margaret, 
 
 The pile o' the gravil green. 
 For to destroy the bonny bairn 
 That we got us between. 
 
 Ballad, Tam-a-Line. 
 
 Its French name is grimil, from which has come the 
 popular name graymill. 
 
 To GREATH, v. a: To prepare. V. Graith 
 
GRE 
 
 [305] 
 
 HEN 
 
 GRESSING, Gersing, s. Grazing, pastur- 
 ing ; right to graze or pasture. 
 
 " The loch of Garloch with the fishings of the same ; 
 the forest, pasturage, and gressing of Glaslatter, &c." 
 Orig. Paroch., vol. ii., pt. 2, p. 407. 
 
 " . . heretable infeftment of thair landis quhilk 
 are teillable, and the utinland to be sowmit be gersing 
 [i.e. according to their right to graze]." Burgh Recs. 
 Prestwick, p. 78, Mait. C. 
 
 GREY MEAL, Gray Meil, s. The refuse 
 and sweepings of a meal -mill, used for feed- 
 ing poultry : properly, dirty meal. 
 
 ' ' John Braedine, in Kilbirnie, was called before the 
 Presbytery of Irvine in 1647 for calling his minister's 
 doctrines Dmi and Gray Meal. He was ordained first 
 to make confession of his fault on his knees in presence 
 of the Presbytery ; and also before his own congrega- 
 tion in the place of public repentance." Laird of 
 Logan, p. 578. 
 
 GROFFE, adj. Coarse, rough ; Leslie, Hist. 
 Scot., p. 94, S.T.S. Addit. to Geoff, q. v. 
 
 GRULE, Grull, s. Dry peat that has to 
 
 be worked like mortar. Addit. to Grull, 
 
 q. V. 
 
 When peats have to be made from grule, " a quan- 
 tity of it is puddled in water till it assumes a proper 
 consistency, when it is formed into convenient pieces 
 and spread abroad to dry," Laird of Logan, p. 584. 
 
 GUEST QUARTERS, s. Board and lodg- 
 ing which bordland-holdiQY?, were bound to 
 supply to the King or Jarl when he was 
 passing through the country ; also, the 
 occasional residence of the King or Jarl as 
 guest of his husbondi ; Oppressions in Ork. 
 and Shetl, p. 126. 
 
 H. 
 
 HABBIE-GOUN, s. A loose upper gar- 
 ment, a monk's frock. 
 
 Cum on, Sir Freir, and be nocht fleyit, 
 The King our maister men be obeyit, 
 
 Bot ye sail have na harme ; 
 Gif ye wald travell fra toun to toun, 
 I think this hude and habbie-goun 
 Will hald your wame ouir warme. 
 
 Lyndsay, Thrie Estaitis, 1. 3636. 
 Rendered "habergeon, coat of Tnail," in Gloss, to 
 Laing's ed. ; but it certainly means a monk's frock or 
 habit. 
 
 HAGTOUN, s. An acton. V. Hogtone. 
 
 HALFER, Haufer, Hawfar, s. One half; 
 pi. Iialfers, hawfaris : in halfers, in half 
 shares. 
 
 "The said day, the wyf of Patry Walcar grantit 
 scho had ane young swyne in hawfaris betuix hir and 
 Ellene Crippill, quharfore the said Elene protestit for 
 the profittis of the half of the said swyue." Burgh 
 Eecs. Aberdeen, 24 July, 1517, Sp. C. 
 
 HANAPER, Hanepar, s. Hamper, crate, or 
 basket ; Orig. Paroch., I. 479. 
 
 L. Lat. hanaperium, a basket to keep cups in : from 
 O. Fr. hanap (which in L. Lat. became hanapus), a 
 cup. The origin of the term was prob. 0. H. Ger, 
 hnapf, a cup : cf. A.-S. hncep, a cup or bowl. 
 
 HANCH, Hanche, s. Haunch ; " hanche 
 bane," haunch or thigh bone, Leslie, Hist. 
 Scot, p. 46, S. T. S. V. Haingh. 
 
 HARATHOR, s. A corr. of Aratre, q. v.; 
 Orig. Paroch., I. 27. 
 
 HASAN, 8. A young seal : a more common 
 name is tangie, dimin. of tang ; Orkn. 
 (Sup.) P 2 
 
 HAVERPENNY, Averpexny, s. Money 
 paid by a vassal to provide averia, i.e., 
 beasts of burden, for his superior ; Oal. 
 Doc. Scot., I. 247, Rec. Series. 
 
 HAWS, s. pi. Low flat lands near a river, 
 as, " The Haws o' Cromdale ; " Scot. Ball., 
 Child, vii., 234-5. V. Hauch. 
 
 HAYBOTE, Heybote, s. The repairing of 
 hedges ; hedge-wood, material for mending 
 hedges. 
 
 "They shall have reasonable estovers, viz., husbote, 
 heyhote, and firbote in the granters' woods in said 
 bounds." Cal. Doc. relating to Scot., i. 290, Eec. 
 Series. 
 
 A.-S. hege, a hedge, and h6t, h6te, remedy, repair. 
 
 HE JO, interj. and v. Rejoice ; shout with 
 
 joy- 
 
 Favour is fair in luvis lair, 
 Yit freindschip mair bene to commend : 
 Bot quhair despair bene adwersare ; 
 Nothing is thair bot wofull end. 
 
 Off men I mene, in scheruice bene. 
 Of Venus queue but conforting ; 
 Be thame I wene that men sustene 
 The kairis kene of Cupeid king. 
 
 Hir coiirt he jo quhair evir thay go 
 The lyfe is so scho dois thame len ; 
 Quhair his hes wo withowttin ho. 
 He is sic so till faythfull men. 
 
 Alex. Scott's Poems, p. 67, ed. 1882. 
 
 HEMINGES, s. pi. Pieces of deer-hide of 
 which rullions were made; Sir Tristrem, 1. 
 476, S. T. S. Improperly defined in DiCT. 
 under Hemmynys, q. v. 
 
 HEND, Hende, Hind, Hynd, adj. Kind, 
 
HER 
 
 [306] 
 
 INT 
 
 mannerly, courteous: Pop. Ballads; Doug- 
 las, II. 267, 15, Small; Sir Tristrem, 1. 55, 
 62 : also freq. used as a s. 
 
 Hendlaike, Hindelaike, Htndlaike, s. 
 
 Courtesy, kindness. 
 
 Hexdly, Hendely, adv. Kindly, gently, 
 
 courteously. 
 
 A.-S. hendig, skilful; Dan. hcmdig, dexterous, haan- 
 delag, handiness, dexterity. 
 
 HERS, Herss, s. Addit. to Hearse. 
 
 " . . for furnessing of candillis to the haill herssis 
 in the kirk, and als to the pulpitt ; and siclyk ordanis 
 that in all tyme camming the maister of kirk for the 
 tyme sail caus furneiss the haill commoun lichtis and 
 candillis of the kirk, to vit, the herssis, pulpitt, and 
 redaris lattroun, togidder with the principall and chief 
 daskis of bayth the kirkis quhair the magistrattis and 
 counsall ussis to sitt." Burgh Recs. Aberdeen, ii., 207, 
 Sp. C. 
 
 To HERY, Here, v. a. To honour, revere : 
 pret. and part. pt. hered, herid, honoured ; 
 used also as an adj. reverend ; Allit. Rom. 
 Alex., 1. 1637. 
 
 A.-S. herian, to praise, commend : from A.-S. here, 
 praise, fame. 
 
 HET, Hete, s. and v. Hate. 
 
 Hetrent, Hettrent, Hettrand, s. Hat- 
 red. V. Hatrent. 
 
 HICHTY, adj. Haughty. Addit. to Hichty, 
 q.v. 
 
 Hichtines, s. Haughtiness, overbearing. 
 
 ' ' Of this cumis thair pryd and hichtines, and boast- 
 ing of thair nobilitie." Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 96, 
 S.T.S. 
 
 HILIE, adj. Proud. V. Helie. 
 
 HODDLE, s. Step, pace, jog-trot. To Jiune 
 one's hoddle, to slack one's pace ; Laird of 
 Logan, p. 585. V. Hoddle, v. 
 
 HORN, s. 1. Short for smiff-horn, also called 
 a mill or mull'. "Freend, han' roun' your 
 /torn." 
 
 2. Short for horn-comb, a large-toothed comb, 
 
 a redding-comb. 
 
 Whare horn nor hane ne'er dare unsettle 
 Your thick plantations. 
 
 Burns, Address to a Louse. 
 
 3. The shod, tip, or point for a lace or thong. 
 
 To Horn, Horne, v. a. To tip or point ; to 
 fasten the shod or tip, i.e., the horn, on a 
 lace or thong. 
 
 " That nane within the said burt freinj'ie or pasment 
 gluiffis, schaip or horne pointis, schaip or mak purssia 
 nor hald servandis to do the same." Eik to the Seal 
 of Cause of the Skinners of Glasgow, 5 Feb., 1605. 
 
 HOUSBOTE, HusBOTE, s. The repairing 
 of houses ; house-wood, material for repair- 
 ing one's house; Cal. Doc. Scot., i. 290, 
 Rec. Series. See under Haybote. 
 A.-S. hus, a house, and b6t, bdle, remedy, repair. 
 
 HOWLLIS HALD, s. Del. in Dict. : a 
 
 misreading of Yowllis Yald, q. v. 
 
 This extraordinary misreading occurs in Pinkerton's 
 version of Scottish Poems from the Maitland MS. 
 
 HOWNE, HuNE, s. Delay ; forms of Hone, 
 s., q. V. 
 
 HTTIT, s. and v. Heap. V. Hut. 
 
 HUSSCE, Husse, s. The dog-fish. Addit. 
 to Hush, q. v. 
 
 The skin of this fish was used for trimming arrows. 
 
 " ^Mssces skins for fletcheris, the skin . . . vis." 
 Rates and Customs, 1612, Halyburton's Ledger, p. 315. 
 
 " Skins called husse skins for fletchers, the skin . . 
 vi s." Ibid., p. 328. 
 
 HYNE, s. A hind: fem. of hart; Leslie, 
 Hist. Scot., p. 19, S. T. S. 
 
 I. 
 
 INDIFFERENT, adj. Without difference, 
 like, alike, similar, the same. 
 
 Until almost the present century indifferent and in- 
 differently were invariably used in their literal sense in 
 Scot. 
 
 "The consultaris with the saidis wicked abusaris 
 . . . are na lesse gilty be the lawis of God and man 
 then thay actuall witcheis, . . . and meritis with 
 thame indifferent and equall punishment." Reg. 
 Privy Council, 1597, v. 410. 
 
 To INLOW, V. a. To allow, grant, pay. 
 
 '* Gif it hapin common wer of Inglismen and the 
 saidis landis be destroit, the forsaide lady oblisis her 
 
 to inloto to the said Alex. ... as uthir lordis tn- 
 lowis to thair tenandis." Reg. Mag. Sig., 1424-1513, 
 No. 473. 
 
 Prefix in- with the force of ad-, and 0. Fr. louer, to 
 hire, rent, grant. See Cotgr. O. Fr. louer in this sense 
 = Lat. locare. 
 
 INTEST. V. Dict. 
 
 Delete the entry under this heading in Dict. Jntest 
 is an error in Pinkerton's version of the Houlate for in 
 test., a contraction for in testamento, in the testimony 
 or declaration, an old law form equivalent to "in his 
 schedule or application." Hence it was unnecessary 
 to state his case orally, since it was fully told in his 
 application to the court. And as the court to which 
 
INT 
 
 [307] 
 
 KEM 
 
 the owl appealed was a consistory court, its jurisdic- 
 tion was testamentary. 
 
 INTHROW, prep. Within, in the interior 
 of : used in referring to a district of country. 
 Addit. to Inthrow, q. v. 
 
 "I would rather have one of yon sufferers that is 
 bred in Christ's school inthrow Clydesdale yonder, than 
 a hundred of you to join with me. You have no weight 
 with God, no grace, no scholars at Christ's school, and 
 therefore ye are but dead folk." The Lord's Trumpet, 
 p. 7. 
 
 To INTRAIT, Intrate, v. n. To treat of ; 
 Abp. Hamilton's Catechism, fol. 79 b. Ad- 
 dit. to Intreit, q. v. 
 
 To INTYSE, Intyst, v. a. To entice. 
 
 ' ' Or gif ony of thame wald intyst, counsel, and draw 
 the to ony uidesum thing, in sa mekil that gif thow do 
 nocht thair counsel and bidding, thow sail tyne thair 
 favour." Abp. Hamilton's Catechism, Fol. 40b. 
 
 0. Fr. enticer, enticher, enticier, to excite, entice ; see 
 Burguy. 
 
 To IRM, V. n. To whine, complain. V. 
 
 YlRM. 
 
 To ISS, V. n. and a. To pass out, retire, 
 withdraw. Addit. to Ische, v., q. v. 
 
 "The sissouris suorn, hawand God before, isslt and 
 come in again, deliueris and findis," &c. Burgh Recs. 
 Dunfermline, 2 Sept., 1488. 
 
 J. 
 
 JERFALCON, Gerfaulcon, s. The gyr- 
 falcon, peregrine falcon ; Rates of Customs, 
 Halybur ton's Ledger, p. 313. 
 
 0. Fr. gerfault, " a Gerfaulcon, the greatest of 
 Hawkes ; called also Faulcon gerf aut ; " Cotgr. 
 
 To JOG, Jug, Jugg, v. a. To pierce, job, 
 rip or cut into, with a sharp-pointed instru- 
 ment, as a flesher may damage a skin in 
 flaying : part. pt. joggit, juggit. V. Jag, v. 
 
 Jog and jug are intensive forms of jag, to prick, 
 job. 
 
 JOIST, 8. A plank of wood, a spar ; Gowrie 
 Conspiracies, p. 44, 57. More commonly 
 Jeest, q. v. 
 
 JURR, s. A female servant, a menial, a pro- 
 fligate ; prob. a corr. of char, short for char- 
 woman, one who does odd jobs or turns. 
 
 As for t\i&jurr, poor worthless body, 
 She's got mischief enough already. 
 
 Burns, Adam Armour's Prayer, st. 7. 
 
 As here used by Burns the term implies a low worth- 
 less female, a profligate. 
 
 Perhaps from A.-S. cerr, cierr, cyrr, a turn : whence 
 M. E. cher, char, a turn, turn of work. 
 
 K. 
 
 KAIL-PAT WHIG, s. A person who does 
 
 not go to church, but stays at home on 
 
 Sabbath days; Clydes. 
 
 During the reign of Prelacy in Scotland those who 
 would not go to church were called Whigs. And since 
 then, those who stay at home to prepare the family 
 meal, or because they have no inclination for church, 
 are called kail-pat whigs. 
 
 KAIMING- STOCK, Keaming-Stock, 
 Keming-Stock, s. The stock or frame on 
 which the combs were fixed for dressing 
 wool, rippling lint, and breaking flax. 
 
 Twa kits, a cogue, a kirn there ben, 
 A keam, but and a keaming -stock. 
 Of dishes and ladles nine or ten, 
 Come ye to woo our Jennie, Jock ? 
 
 The Country Wedding, Herd's Coll., ii. 89. 
 He fell backward into the fyre. 
 And brack his head on the keming-stock. 
 
 Wyf of Auchtirmuchty , 1. 84. 
 In the Glossary to vol. viii. of Child's English and 
 Scottish Ballads this term is by mistake rendered 
 " hack of a chimney grate." 
 
 To KAITHE, V. a. To toss, toss up, cast, 
 throw. V. Cat, Cathe. 
 
 " He regard et nocht bot walde elate him with his 
 cluifes or kaithe him on his homes." Leslie, Hist. 
 Scot., p. 30, S. T. S. 
 
 This is simply a form of cathe, to toss. For explana- 
 tion see under Cat. 
 
 KARK, s. A load, burden. V. Cark. 
 
 KASTNE, Kasne, part. pt. Forms of casten^ 
 cast; Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 121, S. T. S. 
 See under Forh^ above. 
 
 KAX, Kex, s. V. Cacks. 
 
 KECHING, s. V. Kitchen, Kitchen. 
 
 KEEP IN YOUR HAN'. 1. Don't strike : 
 used as a command or a threat. 
 
 2. Don't spend your money so freely; don't 
 be so ready to help. 
 
 KEMING-STOCK, s. V. Kaiming- Stock. 
 
KEN 
 
 [308] 
 
 KYT 
 
 KENAB,, s. V. Kaner, Canare. 
 
 KENDE, Kenne, s. Kin, kindred, family; 
 Sir Tristrem, 1. 2413, 1233, S.T.S. 
 
 Vnkinde were ous to kis 
 As kenne. 
 
 Ibid., I. 2759. 
 
 To KERE, V. a. A form of Kever, q. v. 
 
 To KEVER, Keuer, Kerb, v. a. To re- 
 cover, accomplish or gain an end : " kevered 
 him/' recovered himself ; Awnt. Arth., st. 
 48. 
 
 KILLING, KiLLiNE, s. Y. Keling. 
 
 KIRK-BRED, s. Plate, box, or other vessel 
 for receiving alms in church ; also, church- 
 funds or money collected for church pur- 
 poses; Spald. Club Misc., V. 33. See 
 under Bt^ed. 
 
 KIRK-REEKIT, adj. Church bigotted; 
 
 Laird of Logan, p. 586. 
 
 This term is applied to bigotted churchmen, and to 
 persons who have ill-will against sectaries. Of one who 
 has more zeal than religion it is said, — "He's no very 
 kirk-greedy, but he's gae hirk-7-eekit," 
 
 KIRTLE, KiRTiL, Ktrtil, s. A kirtle, 
 gown, skirt, petticoat ; also applied to a loose 
 upper garment, tunic, or short mantle. In 
 the older Scot, ballads the term is found in 
 nearly all these senses. 
 
 " My Lord Bischop, will ye thairto consent ? " 
 
 " Na, na ! never till the day of judgment : 
 We will want nathing that we have in use, 
 Kirtel nor kow, teind lamb, teind gryse, nor guse. " 
 Lyndsay, Thrie Estaitis, L 2826. 
 
 A.-S. cyrtel, a tunic ; Icel. kyrtill, Dan. kiortel, Sw. 
 Icjortel. Kirtle is prob. a dimin. of skirt. V. Skeat's 
 Etym. Diet. 
 
 KITCHEN, KiTCHiNG, Kiching, Keching, 
 8. Allowance, perquisite, emolument. 
 Addit. to Kitchen, s., q. v. 
 
 Kitchen, short for kitclien-fee, dripping, which is 
 reckoned a perquisite of the cook, is still metaph. 
 used, especially by female servants, for the allowances, 
 perquisites, or other droppings of income connected 
 with a situation. And the word was similarly used by 
 Winzet (see Tractates, p. 8), when he blamed the 
 Scottish nobles for "approprying the Kirk landis to 
 thair awin kechinges." So also in the following passage 
 by Archbishop Hamilton : — 
 
 "And gifBs ane benefice with sic conditioun that 
 the kepar of the said benefice sail haif hot ane sober 
 
 f>ensioun, that the giflfar of that benefice may get in the 
 aif to thame self and thair keching." Catechism, fol. 
 60a. 
 
 KITH, «. V. DicT. 
 
 Under this heading in Drcr. delete the definition 
 and the first quotation given for s. 2 : they relate to 
 Kythe, not to Kith. Delete also the first sentence of 
 the last paragraph : it too relates to Kythb. 
 
 Then substitute the following definition : 
 
 2. Native land, country, home ; Awnt. Arth., 
 
 St. 12. 
 
 For this defin. the quotations from Brunne and Lang- 
 land are very suitable. 
 
 KITH, s. Appearance, countenance, bearing. 
 Addit. to Kythe, s., q. v. 
 
 The king cumly in kith coverit with croune, 
 Callit knychtis sa kene. 
 
 Oaw. and Gol., st. 25. 
 This is simply a form of kythe, from A. -S. cythan, to 
 make known, der. from cuth, known. 
 
 KITTIE-STICK, s. A small rod on which 
 pirns are put in order that the thread may 
 be wound off them. Also called a pirn-stick. 
 V. [Kittie-Sweerie.] 
 
 KLIBBAR, s. A packsaddle. V. Clibber. 
 
 To KNICK, Nick, v. 1. As a v n.: to click, 
 crack ; to make a clicking sound ; " He can 
 gar his fingers knick." 
 
 2. As a V. a. : to cause to click or crack. 
 
 May Margaret sits in the queen's bouir, 
 
 Knicking her fingers ane by ane, 
 Cursing the day that she e'er was bom, 
 
 Or that she e'er heard o' Logic's name. 
 
 Ballad, The Laird o' Logie, 1. 10. 
 
 KNIR, Knirr, Knur, Knurr, s. A knot in 
 wood : an old, wizened, or decrepit per- 
 son, a dwarf. V. Knurl. 
 
 Lot's wife was fresh compared to her ; 
 They've Kyanised the useless knir, 
 She canna decompose — nae mair 
 Than her accursed annuitj\ 
 
 George Outram, The Annuity. 
 Although knur and knuH are similarly used, knurl is 
 properly a dimin. of hmr, M. E. knor, a knot in wood : 
 from O. Dutch knorre, a hard swelling. 
 
 Knir or knur is the same word as in the famous 
 Northern E. game of knurr and spell, i.e., ball and 
 bat. The knurr is a wooden ball, made out of a hard 
 and knotty piece of wood. V. Knurls. 
 
 KNOCKIN-MELL, s. a wooden mall or 
 beetle with which linen cloth was beaten 
 after it was bleached. Addit. to Knockin 
 Mell, q. v. 
 
 KNOCKIN-STANE, s. A large flat stone 
 on which linen cloth was beaten after it 
 was bleached. Addit. to Knockin-Stane, 
 q. V. 
 
 KNULLED, pret and part. pt. V. Knool, v. 
 
 KYNEYERDE, s. A king's yerd or wand, 
 i.e., a sceptre ; Ballad, Sir Simon Eraser, 1. 
 68. V. Yerd. 
 
 To KYTHE, V. a. To work, perform ; Abp. 
 Hamilton's Catechism, fol. 52 a, 109 a. 
 Addit. to Kythe, q. v. 
 
LAC 
 
 [309] 
 
 LES 
 
 L. 
 
 To LACHE, Lacche, v. a. To take, catch, 
 
 seize ; pret. and part. pt. lacht, laght, laught; 
 
 Gol. and Gaw., st. xlviii., xlix., lix. 
 
 M. Eng. lacchen, to catch : from A.-S, Iceccan, to 
 seize, catch hold of. 
 
 LACHFASTING, s. Keeping land lying 
 lea, i.e., in grass or uncultivated. 
 
 " The linkis of Lythis is maisterfullie and againe 
 the law attour lachfasting ilk yeir thir xx yeiris bigan 
 occupiit be the uthalmen of Akiris and Lythis and 
 nathing payit for the samin, Thairfor remember to 
 tak law theniijoun." Peterkin, Rentals of Orkney, 
 No. I., p. 22. 
 
 Icel. Ijd, grass, grass-land ; and/es<a, to fasten, keep 
 or hold fast ; fest'mg, a fixing, fastening. 
 
 LAGHT, Laught, pret. Seized. V. Lache. 
 
 LAIL, Laill, adj. Lawful, right, proper. 
 V. Leil. 
 
 " Laill advisement being given to the saids baillies 
 theranent. " Culross and Tulliallan, i. 280. 
 
 LANDSETTERCOP, s. A fee or fine paid 
 
 by the tenant at the letting or reletting of 
 
 a farm; Oppressions in Orkn. and Shetl., 
 
 p. 126. 
 
 Icel. landsetr-haup, payment at the setting or letting 
 of land. 
 
 LANDSKYLD, s. An old name for the 
 
 rent of a farm in Shetland ; like Scot. 
 
 landmale ; Oppressions in Orkn. and Shetl., 
 
 p. 126. 
 
 Icel. and Dan. landshyld, land-tax, field-rent, rent 
 of a farm. 
 
 LANER, Lanare, Lanret, s. The lanneret 
 or long-tailed hawk; Rates of Customs, 
 Haly burton's Ledger, p. 313. 
 
 0. Fr. laneret, a species of hawk : dimin. from Lat. 
 laniarius, a butcher. 
 
 By some authors the lanner or lanneret is said to be 
 the young of the peregrine falcon : by others it is 
 represented as a distinct but allied species. V. Jar- 
 dine's Birds of Europe. 
 
 LANG, adj. as s. Length, extent ; as, " the 
 lang and the braid o't," i.e., the length and 
 the breadth of it : "a hntt-lang, a butt- 
 length, i.e., the length of a pair of butts or 
 targets, or the distance between them ; pi. 
 hnit-langs, Gowrie Conspiracies, p. 57. V. 
 Butelang. 
 
 LATE-WAKE, s. A corr. of Lyke-Wake, 
 
 q. V. ; Annals of the Parish, ch. 24. 
 
 LAUCHTY, adj. Long, tusky, projecting: 
 made or fit for seizing or tearing. V. Lache. 
 
 She had lauchty teeth an' kaily lips. 
 An' wide lugs fu' o' hair. 
 
 Ballad, Kemigy Kaye, 1. 37. 
 
 LAUMER, s. Amber. V. Lammer. 
 
 LAW-DAYS, s. pi. A Border assize: "to 
 keep the Law Days" to hold an assize, or 
 to be present at one. 
 
 From Edinburgh Queen Mary "went to Jedburgh 
 to keep the Laio Days, which are wont to be held 
 there every year, with the intention of bringing the 
 Borders into order, and punishing the thieves who live 
 in the neighbouring mountains." Stevenson, Trans- 
 lation of Nau's Memorials of the Reign of Mary Stewart, 
 p. 30. 
 
 LAWRIGHTMAN, s. An official chosen by 
 the Vard-Thing, and charged with the 
 custody and application of the Standard 
 of Weights and Measures, and bound to 
 represent his Herad or Parish in the Law- 
 Thing. In modern times this name was 
 given to the local umpires called rancel- 
 men: Memorial for Orkney, p. 116. Addit. 
 to LAGRAETMAN. 
 
 LAY, adj. Fallow : a form of Lea, q. v. 
 
 To LAY, V. a. To bet, wager : " I lay a 
 groat:" "I dar liy,^^ Dunbar, p. 165, ed. 
 Small. 
 
 Lat Symone one fer stand fra the bede. 
 And ye sal se I lay wede, 
 The fendis craft sone onhyde. 
 
 Barbour's Saints, Peter, 1. 486. 
 This application of lay no doubt arose from the cus- 
 tom of bettors placing or laying down their bets by 
 way of guarantee. 
 
 LEAR-STANE, s. A sort of pillory for the 
 punishment of liars. 
 
 In the Burgh Court of Dunfermline on the 17th of 
 March, 1499, " Ellyn of Walwode " was found by an. 
 assize to be "ane strubler of Robyn Gibson be de- 
 traccione," and doom was given accordingly. Cases 
 of this kind had probably been on the increase at that 
 time, for on the same day an assize considered what 
 ought to be done to suppress such conduct, and their . 
 deliverance is thus recorded: — "The quhilk day it 
 was delyverit be ane assise that the lear-stane suld be 
 set againe in the place where it was wont to stand, or 
 els aue als gude stane." 
 
 The lear-stane was therefore an old institution in 
 Dunfermline ; and, as burghal life was then very much 
 alike all over the country, this mode of punishment 
 was prob. as well known in other districts. Like the 
 pillory, jougs, etc., this stone was most prob. set near 
 the Tolbooth. See Burgh Life in Dunfermline in the 
 Olden Time, p. 16. 
 
 LECCAM, s. Body. V. Licaym. 
 
 LESOUE, s. A pasture; Leslie, Hist. Scot., 
 p. 27, S. T. S. A.-S. leswe. V. Lesuris. 
 
LET 
 
 [310] 
 
 MAN 
 
 LETTGANT, Lettgant-Bed, s. A camp- 
 bed ; a portable or travelling bed, A corr. 
 of Fr. lit-de-champ. V. [Letacampbed]. 
 
 "Item, ane lettgant bed furneist witht Flandreis 
 werdour. blancattis, scheittis and coddis, witht all 
 maner of wtheris necessaris, pryce xx lib." Burgh 
 Eecs. Glasgow, i. 32, Rec. See. 
 
 To LEVE, Leue, V. a. To believe, credit ; 
 Awnt. Arth., st. xxxvii. V. Leif. 
 
 LEVER, Lewer, Lewar, s. Vent, windows, 
 
 or similar opening in the roof of a house. 
 
 V. Livra. 
 
 With that the Cok over the feildis tuke his flight, 
 And in at the Wedowis lewar couth he licht. 
 
 Henryson, Chantecleir and Foxe, 1. 189. 
 
 LICHAM, LiCHE, Like, s. The body. Addit. 
 
 to LiCAYM, q. V. 
 
 To LIPPEN, V. a. and n. To lippen in, to 
 confide in ; Abp. Hamilton's Catechism, fol. 
 131 b : to lippen to, to depend or rely upon ; 
 Ibid*, fol. 76 a : to lippen icith, to entrust 
 with, in the sense of handing over to an- 
 other, as, " I'll lippen ye wH mj siller," 
 Addit. to Lippen, q. v. 
 
 LITHER, Lyther, Lethir, adj. Evil, 
 wicked, base. 
 
 LiTHERLT, Lethirly, adv. Wickedly, 
 basely. 
 
 And ilkane nycht as day cane daw. 
 As he niycht heyre the cok craw, 
 Thane wald he think quhow lethirly 
 That he his master cuth deny. 
 
 Barbour's Saints, Peter, 1. 59. 
 A.-S. lyther, lythre, bad, wicked. Cf. Icel. leidr. 
 
 LOWIS, s. 2^1 Lochs : " the Lowis,'' the 
 Lochs or arms of the sea on the west coast 
 of Scotland; Act. Pari. Scot., III. 309, 
 Rec. Series. Errat. in Dict. 
 
 This term, which occurs frequently in the Exchequer 
 Rolls and in the Acts of Pari. , was until lately gener- 
 ally understood to mean the islands of Lewis ; and it 
 was so rendered by Jamieson. This, however, has 
 been found to be a mistake ; and Dr. Burnett has 
 shown that it was the name applied to the Lochs on 
 the west coast. See Exch. Rolls Scot., Vol. IX., Pref., 
 p. 74, Rec. Series. 
 
 LUFRAY, s. V. Luvery. 
 
 To LUIT, Lute, Luk, v. a. and n. To bend, 
 bow, bow down. V. LoUT. 
 
 Jok said, Forsuth I yarn full fane 
 To luk my heid, and sit doun by yow. 
 
 Woioing of Jok and Jenny, Bann. MS. 
 
 Luk here represents a corr. and vulgar pron. of lout, 
 which is still common in those districts in which t is 
 sounded as a guttural. In the modem version of the 
 Wowing printed in Herd's Scot. Songs, ed. 1776, with 
 the title, The Country Wedding, the passage runs 
 thus : — 
 
 Ay, dame, says he, for that I yern. 
 To lout my head, and sit down by you. 
 
 For further illustration of this pron. of t, see Lkhis, 
 in Suppl. 
 
 LUVERY, LuvRiE, Lufray, s. Forms of 
 livers/, a gift, present. V. Levere'. 
 
 Grit God releif Margaret our quene ; 
 For and scho war as scho hes bene, 
 Scho wald be larger of lufray. 
 Than all the laif that I of mene, 
 For lerges of this New Yeirday. 
 Stewart, l^ges, lerges, Bann. MS., p. 276, Hunt. Soc. 
 
 M. 
 
 To MAGG, V. a. To mangle, cut up ; a form 
 of Mang, q. V. 
 
 To MAK. Add the following :~ 
 
 1. To Mak awa w^, v. a. To carry off ; to 
 expend, spend, waste ; also, to kill. 
 
 2. To Mak mens. To make amends. 
 
 3. To Mak ower^ v. a. To pass quickly over 
 a wall, river, etc., in order to escape. To 
 mak aff ower is also used. 
 
 MALATOUT, s. A special tax claimed by 
 the king. 
 
 "Saving to the king the custom called malatout." 
 Orig. Paroch., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 561. 
 
 0. Fr. mal-toute, maltoulte, maletoste, * ' an exaction, 
 imposition, toll, a new or extraordinarie taxation ; " 
 Cotgr. So called, because held as mal tollue. The 
 
 name was first applied to an extraordinary tax levied 
 by Philip le Bel in 1296 ; see under Maletoste and 
 MaletouUe in Cotgrave, and under Alaltdte in Littr^. 
 
 The form maletoste is corrupt. Littre shows that it 
 was at first male-tolte or male-toulte, where tolte repre- 
 sents L. Lat. toUa, fem. pp. of tollere. 
 
 To MANCHLE, v. a. To maim, mangle, in- 
 jure ; in reference to documents, to vitiate, 
 alter, corrupt. Frequent, form of Mank, 
 q.v. 
 
 "Memorandum to tak the salmondthe third, not as 
 it is rentallit, bot as it givis, for this rental is manchlitt." 
 Orig. Paroch., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 512. 
 
 Anglo-Fr. mahangler, to maim : freq. of 0. Fr. 
 mahaigner, meliaingner, to mutilate, from mahain, 
 mehaing, imperfection. See Skeat's Etym. Dict. under 
 Mangle ; and Burguy's Gloss, under Mahain. 
 
 MAND. A form of man it, manage it, ac- 
 complish it : like duid for do it. 
 
MAN 
 
 [311] 
 
 MUG 
 
 Mand, Mant, Maunt, pret. and 'part. pt. 
 Managed, accomplished, attained ; " He 
 mand or mant to do't." V. Man. 
 
 Death's maunt at last to ding me owre, 
 An' I'll soon hae to lea' ye. 
 
 Alex. Wilson, Calimphitre's Elegy. 
 
 MANLY, adj. Manlike, human. 
 
 " Al thir paynis tholit he for us in his manly nature 
 and nocht in his godly nature." Abp. Hamilton's 
 Catechism, fol. 102 b. 
 
 To MANURE, Manor, v. a. To till or cul- 
 tivate, as, to manor the land ; to work at, 
 practice, to follow as a profession, as, to 
 manure justice, i.e., to practice or follow 
 law. 
 
 " In thame ar mony noblemen, and almaist all bot 
 cheiflie the mersmen, thay manure justice and thay 
 studie to politike elFaires." Leslie, Hist, Scot., p. 10, 
 S. T. S. 
 
 Manure, short for manoeuvre ; from 0. Fr. manceuv- 
 rer, to hold, occupy, possess ; lit. to work by hand ; 
 from L. Lat. manuopera, manopera, handiwork. 
 
 MARISCALL, s. V. Marschal. 
 
 Mariseallach, s. Marshalship, steward- 
 ship. 
 
 "... together with the coronership and stew- 
 ardship of those fifteen marklands of his own heritage, 
 . . and the just fourth part of the Mariseallach 
 of the whole." Orig. Paroch., vol. ii., pt. 1, p. 99. 
 
 MARK-SHOT, s. The distance between the 
 marks or targets in archery; Scot. Ball., 
 Child, I. 274 : synon. butt-lang. 
 
 MAUNT, pret. and part. pt. V. Mand. 
 
 MEGIRTIE, s. Same as Megirkie, q. v. 
 
 Delete the entry under this heading in Dicr., and 
 combine the term with Megirkie, of which it is a 
 variety. 
 
 MELLERING, Mellerin, s. Waste meal, 
 the sweepings of a meal-mill ; properly the 
 waste-meal gathered after a melder or mill- 
 ing. V. Meller. 
 
 She said — " Gude e'en, ye nettles tall, 
 
 Where ye grow by the dyke ; 
 If the auld carline, my mither was here, 
 Sae weel's she wou'd you pyke. 
 " How she wou'd stap ye in her pock, 
 I wot she wou'dna fail ; 
 And boil ye in her auld brass pan. 
 And of ye mak gude kail. 
 " And she wou'd meal you with mellering, 
 That she gathers at the mill. 
 And mak ye thick as any dough. 
 Till the pan it was brimfill. " 
 
 Ballad, Earl Richard, Scot. vers. 
 
 MEMMIT, Memt, part. pt. Errat. for nem- 
 
 mit, nemt, named, associated. Y. DiCT. 
 
 Delete the entry under this heading in Diet., and 
 also the following one under Memt. Memmit is evi- 
 dently a mistake for nemmit in the passage quoted ; 
 and Jamieson's explanation is not supported by the 
 context. Besides the word is printed nemmit in the 
 1882 ed. of Alex. Scott's Poems. 
 
 MESWAND, s. A bar, ingot : " a meswand 
 
 of gold," an ingot of gold ; Abp. Hamilton's 
 
 Catechism, fol. 61b. Addit. to Meswand, 
 
 q.v. 
 
 Although left undefined by Jamieson, his suggestions 
 regarding it are correct. The Vulgate renders the 
 term by ' ' regulam aurearri. " 
 
 METULAT, part. pt. A corr. form of muti- 
 lat, mutilated. 
 
 " . . . Henry Fennesoun schot in the thie with 
 ane dart, Michaell Smyth schot throw the hand and 
 metulat of his formest fingare." Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 
 i. 103, Rec. Soc. 
 
 MIND, Mynd, s. Inclination, desire; a gude 
 mind, a strong desire ; of gude mynd, very 
 desirous, strongly inclined. Addit. to Mind, 
 
 " His Majestic being of gude mynd that the said Sir 
 George be satisfeit of the saidis debursmentis, as ressone 
 requyris." Reg. Privy Council Scot., vi., 40, Rec. Soc. 
 
 MING-MANG, adv. Confusedly mixed, in 
 disorder : " The things in the drawers were 
 a' ming-mang." Y. Ming, v. 
 
 MIRLIN, s. Y. Merlion, Marleyon. 
 
 To MISBEET, v. a. Lit. to mis-bundle, to 
 disarrange, mis-assort, mis-match ; pret. and 
 part, and part. pt. misbet. To misbeet a web 
 is to tie up the wrong bundles of warp and 
 weft in giving it out to the weaver. Y. 
 Beet in Add. 
 
 "Dear me, freens, what's that I hear? The very 
 weans on the street crying — gude day to you Deacon." 
 
 "No, no, Deacon, it's Hawkie crying a hanging 
 speech, or maybe his cure for ill wives." 
 
 "Is that a'? Weel, lads, that wad be better than 
 Solomon's Balm — for wise as he was he couldna help 
 himsel when he got his web misbet." The Deacon's 
 Day, Whistle Binkie, i. 273. 
 
 To MISTER, Myster, v. n. To be useful 
 for, to minister to : as, " to mister to ane's 
 needs," in which sense it is used in Abp. 
 Hamilton's Catechism, fol. 59a. Addit. to 
 Mister, q. v. 
 
 To MOUP, MoOP, V. a. and n. To moult as 
 
 a bird : hence, to drop, cast off, or part with. 
 
 Addit. to MouP, q. V. 
 
 Moult is very commonly expressed by moup in the 
 West of Scot. ; and that the word is widely used in the 
 sense of to drop, cast off, or part with, is ?hewn by the 
 popular remark to an unmannerly person : "It's weel 
 seen ye were bred in the mill, ye hae moupit a' your 
 manners." V. Henderson's Scot. Proverbs, p. 97, ed, 
 1881. 
 
 MOYNE, s. Moon. Y. Mone. 
 
 MUGGANS, s. A name for the plant Mug- 
 wort; Renfrews. Y. Mugger. 
 
 In Caithness and Orkney it is called Bull wand, q.v. 
 
MUN 
 
 [312] 
 
 OCH 
 
 MUNT, s. and v. Amount. Addit. to Munty 
 
 q. V. 
 
 "Schatt silver and teinda to his Majestie, according 
 to the rentell, quhilk to our knawledge can not be 
 valued nor miinted heigher nor it is alreddie." Peter- 
 kin, Rentals of Orkney, No. III., p. 94. 
 
 MURREAN, s. A morion ; a kind of helmet 
 
 without visor or beaver, intended as a cover- 
 ing for the crown of the head. 
 
 ' ' Harnes called murreanes or heid peices graven the 
 peice, iiili." Rates and Customs, 1612, Halyburtou's 
 Ledger, p. 314. 
 
 Fr. morione ; from Span, morrion, from morra, the 
 crown of the head. 
 
 N. 
 
 NAEKIN, Nakin, Naekins, adj. Of no 
 kind, none at all. Addit. to Nakyx, q. v. 
 
 NAGNAIL, Nangnail, s. An ingrown 
 nail on the toe ; West of S. A corruption 
 of E. agnail, which see in Murray's New 
 Eng. Diet. 
 
 To NAITE, Natte, v. a. To use. Addit. 
 to Nate, q. v. 
 
 NARE, s. Thi nare, a MS. form for thin are, 
 
 thy favour; Sir Tristrem, 1. 2135, S.T.S. 
 
 See under Are, s., in Addenda. 
 
 The transfer of final n to the word following is fre- 
 quently found in MSS. It has been the cause of many 
 mistakes ; and in the present instance it gave rise to 
 the false form thinare, which Sir Walter Scott printed, 
 and which was entered and explained in the Dict. 
 
 NASCH, Nasche, adj. Soft, marshy, wet : 
 a form of nesh, tender, soft. Addit. to 
 Nash, q. V. 
 
 " . . . and fra the said stane calsay at the end 
 of the hill foirsaid, keipand betuix the nasche and the 
 hard north and north eist. " Reg. Mag. Sig. , 19 Dec. , 
 1584, Rec. Series. 
 
 A--S. hncBHce, hnesce, soft, tender; Goth, hnaskwus. 
 
 NAUGHTIE, NOGHTIE, adj. Bad, insuffi- 
 cient. Addit. to NoCHTiE, q. v. 
 
 " . . . buyeth insufficient worsett, . . . and 
 litts [i.e. dyes] the same with naughtie cullouris." 
 Burgh Recs. Stirling, 1662, p. 239. 
 
 NEAR, Neir, Nere, Ner, adv. Nearly, 
 
 almost : gae near, very nearly or narrowly: 
 " He near missed it ; aye, gae near." 
 
 Nearlins, Neirlins, Nerlins, adv. Nearly, 
 almost : like near-han, ner-han. 
 
 NEIK, Neak, s. and v. A form of Eik, q. v. 
 
 Neikit, Neakit, part. Patched, mended ; 
 
 forms of eikit. 
 
 "The samyne is decayit and neakit in mony places." 
 Culross and TuUiallan, i., 131. 
 
 NEST, s. To look ower the nest is an expres- 
 sion used regarding young persons when 
 they begin to act for themselves. 
 
 To NICK, V. a. To catch, capture, trap; 
 pret. and part. pt. nicked, nickit. Addit. to 
 Nick, q. V. 
 
 I think, quo' she, ye're fairly nicked now, 
 Nae hauf sae far, he says, as ye wad trow. 
 
 Ross, Helenore, p. 169, ed. 1868. 
 
 NIRR, s. A knot in wood; a dwarf. V. 
 NurR, Knir. 
 
 NOMBLES, s. pi. V. Nomnbles. 
 
 To NYAFF, V. n. V. Dict. 
 
 Ntaftet, s. a diminutive, conceited chat- 
 terer; Laird of Logan, p. 591. 
 
 Ntaffing, s. Idle talk or chatter ; Ibid. 
 
 NYTHE, s. Wickedness, malice ; Scot. Ball., 
 Child, VL, 275. A.-S. mth, mjth. 
 
 O. 
 
 O, s. A light, or small window ; a form of 
 Oye, q. v. 
 
 "Gevin out of the box to Thomas Pottar to buy 
 glasse and leid to putt ane litle window in the seat, 
 three punds Scottis." MS. Minutes of the Hammer- 
 men of Dumbarton, 17th Oct., 1659. 
 
 " Thomas Pottar gaue in his accompt concerning the 
 O above the seat, quhilk extendis to nyne shillingis six 
 
 pence sterlingis ; lOd. of quhilk is payid to the said 
 Thomas." Ibid., 7th Nov., 1659. 
 
 Although the window called an is often found in 
 the form of a circle, it was not so named because it re- 
 sembles the letter 0. For the etym. of the term see 
 under Oye. It is simply short for Icel. auga, eye. 
 
 OCHANIE, inte?j. Alas ! : an expression of 
 
 grief still in use. 
 
 Gael ochain, alas 1 
 
OGA 
 
 [313] 
 
 OUT 
 
 OGART, s. Accusation, evil-speaking, con- 
 tempt. Acldit. to Ogart, q. v. 
 
 Delete the note under this term in DiCT. : the etym, 
 suggested is unsuitable. Ogart is from Gael, agairt, 
 accusation, fault-finding ; from agrair, "to plead, claim, 
 crave, accuse ; require, demand." M'Leod and Dewar. 
 
 Ogartful, Ogertfu', Ugertful, adj. 
 Exacting, fastidious, difficult to please : 
 " He's an ogertfu body." Addit. to Ogert- 
 FUL, q. V. 
 
 OLORINE, s. Same as Olour, q. v. ; Leslie, 
 Hist. Scot., p. 45, S. T. S. 
 
 OMNEGATHRUM, Omnigaddrum, s. A 
 name given to the unincorporated craftsmen 
 of a burgh. 
 
 In the larger burghs of Scotland there were three 
 classes of burgesses : the merchants or guild brethren, 
 the incorporated craftsmen, and the unincorporated 
 craftsmen. The last named were deemed a lower order 
 by the other two sections, and, when spoken of as a class, 
 were called the omnigatherum. In the burghs generally 
 this name was only occasionally used ; but in the royal 
 burgh of Stirling it was almost the only name given to 
 that class during the sixteenth and seventeenth centu- 
 ries. For example, in the Burgh Records under date 
 16th July, 1604, regarding a certain taxation to be 
 made, we find : " . . . thairof the merchandis the 
 ane half, and the craftismen and omnigaddrum the 
 uther half." And a few months later, under 17th Dec, 
 1604: " Thair salbe joyned yeirlie to the counsall of 
 this burgh tua of the aid baillies, and tua of the omni' 
 gaddrum, as extraordinar personesof counsall, conforme 
 to use and wount." 
 
 Again, under date 28th Nov., 1642, the arrangement 
 for the salary of the town drummer is : " Of the quhilk 
 thrie scoir foure punds the toun sail pay yeirlie £4, 
 guild brethren £20, the crafts £20, the maltmen £10, 
 and the omnigadrum, viz., the wrichtis, maissones, 
 coupares, litstares, glassin-wrichtis, sklaitteris, gaird- 
 neris, the soume of ten pundis yeirlie." See Burgh 
 Recs. Stirling, p. 112, 184. 
 
 The E. term is omnium-gatherum, applied to any very 
 mixed assembly or company. 
 
 ONCET, ONEST, adv. Once. 
 
 ONDE, s. Malice, envy; Scot. Ball., Child, 
 YL, 275. 
 
 A.-S. onda, zeal, envy, malice. 
 
 ONFREIND, Onfrind, s. An enemy. V. 
 Unfriend. 
 
 To ONHIDE, Onhyde, v. a. To disclose, 
 expose ; Barbour's Saints, Peter, 1. 487 : 
 also, as a v. n., to become clear, as applied to 
 the weather. V. Unhide. 
 
 ONKEND, Onkent, adj. and adv. Unknown. 
 V. Unhend. 
 
 ONSICCAR, Onsicker, Onsikker, adj. Un- 
 secure, uncertain. V. Unsikkir. 
 
 ONSPERD, Onspert, adj. Unasked, un- 
 questioned : also, as an adv., without asking 
 or making enquiry, without having to ask 
 the way. V. Unspeird. 
 
 With lusty hairt than suld I gif ane loip, 
 And cum to yow, I ken the gait onsperd. 
 
 Bann. MS., p. 641, Hunt. Soc. 
 
 The adverbial use of this term is still common, 
 
 ORGMOUNT, s. Singed, sodden, or pealed 
 barley: " sodne beir or or^mown^ ; " Leslie, 
 Hist. Scot., p. 98, S. T. S. 
 
 For an account of the ancient method of cleaning or 
 peeling grain, see under Graddan in DiCT., and The 
 Scottish Gael, ii. 103. 
 
 O. Fr, orge, barley, and mond6, cleansed, peeled. 
 
 ORTHORT, prep. A form of Ourthort, 
 q. V. 
 
 OSTER, OsTiR, s. An oyster; Leslie, Hist. 
 
 Scot., p. 13, 42, S. T. S.; Henry son, Pract. 
 
 Medecyne, 1. 71. 
 
 O. Fr. oistre, from Lat. ostrea, ostreum, an oyster : in 
 Mod. Fr. huUre. 
 
 OTTOUNYR, Ottonyr, adj. Pertaining to 
 the out-town or out-field lands; Orig. 
 Paroch., Vol. IL, pt. 2, p. 671. V. Outen- 
 Toun. 
 
 OURDIRKIT, part. pt. Darkened, obscured, 
 overcast. V. Dirk. 
 
 Ourdirkit with the sable clud nocturn. 
 
 Dunbar, The Sterne is rissin, 1, 26. 
 
 To OURGIVE, OURGIE, v. a. To bestow, 
 assign, bequeath; pret. ourgeff ; part, pt. 
 ourgiffin, ourgien ; Orig. Paroch., XL, pt. 2, 
 p. 726. 
 
 OUSET, OusSET, adj. Worsted, woollen; 
 " an onset apron." A colloq. form of worsted. 
 
 Ye ar the lanterne and the sicker way, 
 Suld gyd sic sympill folk as me to grace ; 
 Your bairfeit, and your ousett couU of gray. 
 Schawls full Weill your perfyt halynace. 
 Henri/son, Fox and Wolf, Bann. MS., p. 967, Hunt. Soc. 
 
 OUTGANG, Outgan, Outgae, Utgae, s. 
 Outgoing, giving up tenure ; also, the way 
 out, exit. V. OUTGAIT, 
 
 To OUTHAVE, Owthae, v. a. To trans- 
 port, export : lit. to have or fetch out. 
 
 " Sinder inhabitandes of the toun of Taine occupirs 
 merchandis in buying, sellyng, tappyn,* and owthaiving 
 of merchandice. " Orig. Paroch., II,, pt. 2, p, 431. 
 
 " . . . quhar sic guddis is owthad be shippyn of 
 vthirwayis," Ibid. 
 
 * Misprinted cappyn. 
 
 Sup. 
 
 Q2 
 
PAL 
 
 [314] 
 
 PIC 
 
 P. 
 
 PALE, Pail, Peil, s. A stake ; a stripe, 
 band, bar : also, a limit, boundary. 
 
 To Pale, Pail, Peil, v. a. To stake ; to fix 
 or stretch by means of stakes : as, " to peil 
 nets ; " hence, to surround, enclose, sepa- 
 rate; to stripe, band, or bar; part. T^t. paled 
 palyt, also used as an adj. 
 
 "Item, sax courtenes of singill -wovs&t palyt oi re^ 
 and grein and yhalou befor the hee altar and about the 
 same for feriall." Invent. Vestments, etc., in St. 
 Salv. Coll., St. Andrews, Mait. C. Misc., iii. 199. 
 
 0. Fr. pal, a pale, stake : from Lat. palus, a stake, 
 which is derived from Lat. pangere, to fix, fasten. 
 
 It may be noted that, in heraldry, pale was used with 
 reference to a vertical stripe only. This is probably 
 implied when speaking of the courtenes of the altar. 
 
 PANE, Payn, Peen, s. A pane, panel, 
 division. 
 
 To Paxe, Payn, Peen, v. a. To panel ; to 
 cut, divide, or form into panes or panels ; 
 to arrange in panels, to quarter, marshal ; 
 part. pt. paned, paynit, peen^d, arranged in 
 panes or divisions. 
 
 "That baith the craftis, viz., webstaris, wakeris 
 and scheraris, in all tymes of processioun ... be 
 incorporat vnder ane baner, to be maid in this wys, 
 that thair baneris of baith the saidis craftis be paynitt 
 with the imagis, tiguris, and armis of the webstaris, 
 and principalie becaus thai ar found the elder craft and 
 first placit ; and with the ymagis, figuris, and armys 
 of the said scheraris and wakaris quarterlie rynnand 
 togedder ; and the armes of the webstaris ... to 
 be vnmaist in ilk baner." Burgh Recs. Edin., 1509, 
 i. 122, Rec. Soc. 
 
 0. Fr. pan, ' ' a pane, piece, or pannell ; " Cotgr. ; 
 from Lat. pannus, a cloth, patch. 
 
 PANTENS, s. pi A corr. of pattens. V. 
 under [Patynis]. 
 
 PARLEY, Parly, s. V. Parliament- 
 Cake. 
 
 PARLICUE, s. V. PuRLiCDE. 
 
 PARTISING, s. Departure, separation : 
 " libel of partising,^' bill of divorce ; Abp. 
 Hamilton's Catechism, fol. 165b, 
 Fr. partir, to part, depart, remove. 
 
 PARTY, Parti, adj. Apart, separate, 
 
 different. 
 
 Also used as a s. meaning opposition, the opposite 
 side or party ; as, "the parti Canados tok he," i.e., 
 Canados took the opposite side ; Sir Tristrem, 1. 3236, 
 S. T. S. Addit. to Party, q. v. 
 
 Particle or portion of land, 
 lyis 
 
 PATELAND, s. 
 
 " With the puteland called John Clerks land, 
 as the said aachtant part and pateland . . 
 
 in lenth and braid." Orig. Paroch., vol. ii., pt. 2, p. 
 512. 
 
 This is simply a corr. of partland, like patelet for 
 partlet. 
 
 PAULLE, s. Rich cloth ; Awnt. Arth., st. 
 28. V. Pall. 
 
 PEEN, s. A pane, as in " a peen o' glass ; " 
 also, the narrow edge of a hammer head, as 
 in " a peen hammer." E. pajie. V. Pane. 
 
 PEEVER, s. The pitcher or flat stone with 
 which the children's game of beds or pallall 
 is played; the game is therefore sometimes 
 called ^' peever" or " the peever." West of S. 
 
 To PEILL, V. a. A form of pail, to stake ; 
 to fix, erect, or fasten by means of stakes : 
 " to peill nettis," to stake nets ; Reg. Mag. 
 Sig., 25 Aug., 1584, Rec. Series. V. Pale. 
 
 To PERFEW, V. a. To purfle : part. pt. 
 perfeioit, for purfiewit, purfled ; Bann. MS., 
 p. 657, 1. 36. V. Purfle. 
 
 To PERFILE, Perfle, Perflew, Perfew, 
 V. a. V. Purfle. 
 
 To PERISH, Perisch, Periss, v. a. and n. 
 
 1. As a I?, a. ; to destroy, waste, squander, 
 
 bring to naught ; as, " He has peris/id his 
 
 pack." 
 
 For mony a beast to dead she shot, 
 And perish'd mony a bonny boat. 
 
 Bums, Tarn o' Shanter. 
 
 2. As a V. n. : to come to naught, become weak, 
 helpless, powerless. 
 
 The night was foul, he was all wat, 
 And perished o f cauld. 
 The Mare of Collingtoun, Watson's Coll., 1. 40. 
 
 PERKINS, s. pi. A species of gingerbread 
 formed into thin round cakes like biscuits, 
 with a piece of almond in the centre of each. 
 
 To PERVISE, Pervyse, v. a. To examine 
 
 carefully, test, consider. Lat. pervisere. 
 
 " Their haill travells and work . . . souUl be 
 revysit and pervysit be some brethren, digestit and dia- 
 posit in convenient order, to be thereafter presentit to 
 the Assemblie." Book of Univ. Kirk, 1577, p. 163. 
 
 PHINK, s. A finch: but the translator of 
 Leslie's Hist. Scot, uses the term as mean- 
 ing a swan : see p. 40, ed. S. T. S. 
 
 PICCADEL, PiCKEDAiLL, s. An ornamen- 
 tal band, border, or ruff attached to tlie col- 
 lar of a doublet; a high ruff; ^\. piccadellis, 
 pickedaillis. 
 
PIL 
 
 [315] 
 
 POU 
 
 " Kathir yit that ony marchand by, to top or sell, 
 ony handwork belanging to craftismen, sic as brydill 
 bittis, brydiliis, stirrep irnes, stirrep ledderis, maid 
 girdis with buckillis, irn hors cambis, spurris, buittis, 
 schone, pantenes, and pickedailUs, nor nautheris handye 
 work maid within this burgh belanging to ony craftis- 
 men quhatsumever, in hurt and preiudyce of the saidis 
 craftismen, under the pane foirsaid of confiscatioun of 
 the same to the tounes use." Burgh Recs. Stirling, 
 1616, p. 144. 
 
 The piccadel, from 0. Yr.piccadilles (which Cotgrave 
 defines as "the seuerall diuisions orpeeces fastened to- 
 gether about the brimme of the collar of a doublet "), 
 was an ornamental neck-piece made up in various ways, 
 but generally in the form of a band or ruff to fit the 
 collar of a doublet ; and it was so made that it could 
 be taken off at the pleasure of the wearer. The term, 
 however, appears to have had a wider application, for 
 Blount defines it as " the round hem, or the several di- 
 visions set together, about the skirt of a garment or 
 other thing ; also, a kind of stiff collar made in fashion 
 of a band." 
 
 The high ruffs worn in the early Stuart times were 
 called piccadillies ; but in earlier times, and especially 
 during the reign of Elizabeth, the fine peaked lace used 
 for edging was called piccadilly lace, either because it 
 was chiefly used for edging the piccadilly or high ruff, 
 or because of its fine spear-like points. And Piccadilly, 
 in London, is said to have derived its name from a 
 noted warehouse which stood there called Piccadilla 
 Hall, which was the chief depot for this kind of lace. 
 Pennant, however, says the Hall was so named be- 
 cause " piccadillas or turnovers were sold there." See 
 Brewer's Diet, of Phrase and Fable. 
 
 Piccadel, or piccadilla, is a dimin. of Span, pica, a 
 pike, picada, a prick. 
 
 PILE, Pyle, s. The punch or die for stamp- 
 ing the obverse of a coin ; the obverse face 
 of a coin ; also, the impression stamped upon 
 the obverse. 
 
 The die used for the opposite or reverse face of the 
 coin was called a trussell or tursell : hence, money was 
 said to be struck or printed with "pyle and tursell:^' 
 see Acts James VI., 1597. In the 1814 ed. of the 
 Scotch Acts, from which Jamieson quoted this phrase, 
 it is misprinted "pyle and cursell:" from this source 
 and on this authority the mistake found its way into 
 the Dicr, 
 
 O. F. pile, "the pile or vnder-yron of the stampe 
 wherein money is stamped, and the pile-side of a piece 
 of money ;" Cotgr, From Lat. pila, a pillar. 
 
 PIRKLE, s. A kind of muzzle (consisting of 
 a leather band with projecting nails), which 
 is fixed on the nose of a cow that is given to 
 sucking her teats ; Orkney. 
 Prob. only a corr. of prickle. 
 
 PIRLICUE, s. The conclusion of a dis- 
 course, the application of a sermon. V. 
 PURLICUE, s. 3. 
 
 " And if you distaste the sermon, I doubt the pirli- 
 cue will please you as little." Kidnapped, p. 245. 
 
 PITCHER, s. The flat roundish piece of 
 
 stone with which children play their game of 
 
 beds or pallall ; hence the game is often 
 
 called pitcher or the pitcher ; West of S. 
 
 So called from the stone being pitched or tipi)cd along 
 by the foot of the player. 
 
 PITLARICHIE, s. Uproar, turmoil; cry 
 and confusion of a disorderly crowd. 
 
 The first ae straik that Forbes strack, 
 
 He gar'd MacDonnell reel ; 
 And the neist ae straik that Forbes strack, 
 
 The brave MacDonnell fell. 
 And siccan a Pitlarichie 
 
 I'm sure ye never saw, 
 As was amang the Hielandmen, 
 
 When they saw MacDonnell fa'. 
 
 Ballad, Battle of Harlaic, 1. 61. 
 
 PLAIT-SLEEVES, Plate-Sleeves, Plet- 
 
 Sleeves, Sleeves of Plait, s. pi. Mail 
 or armour for the arms ; Gowrie Con- 
 spiracies, p. 47. 
 
 " Ordanis to haue ane lans, ane steill-bonnet, and 
 a,ne 'pair oi pletsleuis, and ane hagbuit." Burgh Recs. 
 Peebles, 1624, p. 364, Eec. Soc. 
 
 PLICHT-ANKER, Plycht-Ankir, s. Sheet 
 anchor, the principal anchor of a vessel. 
 
 Scho tuke Vresence plicht ankers of the barge. 
 And Fair Callyng that wele a flayn could schute, 
 And cherissing for to complete hir charge. 
 
 Dunbar, Qoldyn Targe, 1. 187. 
 ' ' Lat this faith be thi plycht ankir, and doutless thow 
 sail be saiffit fra all the dangeir of syn." Abp. Hamil- 
 ton's Catechism, fol. 103 b. 
 
 Du. plechtanker, sheet-anchor : lit. deck-anchor j 
 plecht, signifying deck. 
 
 PLIE, s. and v. Plea. V. Pley. 
 
 PLOUGHGATE, Plough-land, s. V. 
 Pleuch-Gate. 
 
 poldavy, poldavye, polldavie, pol- 
 DAUY, s. A coarse kind of canvas used for 
 sailcloth and sacking ; Burgh Recs. Stirling, 
 p. 144. 
 
 ' ' Poldaveis the shok contening xxviii. elnis, . . xv. 
 li." Halyburton's Ledger, p. 318. 
 
 To POOK, POUK, POWK, V. 
 
 To pull, 
 
 pluck, or pick with the fore-finger and 
 thumb ; as, " I'm pookin the hairs out o't " : 
 hence, to lift or take in small quantities ; 
 as, " He just pouks at his meat." Addit. to 
 PoOK, q. V. 
 PoOK, PouK, s. A pick, a very small quan- 
 tity: '^apouk o' 00," a pick or minute tuft 
 of wool ; "a pook o' meat," a very small 
 quantity of food. E. pick. V. Pooks. 
 
 A dimin. from poo, poio, to pull, pluck, pick, and 
 generally applied to action with the fore-finger and 
 thumb ; hence, a very small quantity. 
 
 PORTASE, PoRTUS, PORTUIS, s. A brevi- 
 ary; Invent. St. Salv. Col., St. Andrews, 
 Mait. C. Misc. Addit. to [Portouns], q. v. 
 
 Perhaps the form portouns, given by Lindsay in the 
 Three Estaitis, represents a vulgar pron. of the period : 
 or, it is a mere scribal error of portouns for portous. 
 
 POUNDLAND, Pund-Land, s. A portion 
 of land extending to four oxgates, or half a 
 ploughgate, or 52 acres. 
 
PRE 
 
 [316] 
 
 QWA 
 
 "That four oxgait of the saids lands extendis and 
 sail extend to ane pund land of auld extent in all tyme 
 to cum." Decision of Lords Auditors of Exchequer in 
 1585, Innes' Leg. Antiq., p. 283. 
 
 By this decision it was settled that a ploughland or 
 ploughgate was equal to a forty-shillingland of Old 
 Extent. 
 
 PREACHINS, s. pi. Sermons, discourses. 
 Communion occasions in Scotland are called 
 preachins, from the number of sermons then 
 delivered ; Laird of Logan, p. 592. 
 
 PRICK- WAND, s. A wand set up as a 
 mark or prick to shoot at. V. Prick. 
 
 The prick-wand was often used at contests in archery 
 as a test of skill. In the ballad entitled Adam Bel, 
 Clym of the Cloughe, and WUliam of Cloudeslie, it is 
 recorded that — 
 
 Wyllyam went into a fyeld, 
 
 And his to brethren with him, 
 There they set vp to hasell roddes, 
 Twenty^score paces betwene. 
 " I hold him an archar," said Cloudesle, 
 
 " That yonder wande cleveth in two : " 
 " Here is none suche," sayd the Kyng, 
 
 " Nor none that can so do. " 
 " I shall assaye, syr," sayd Cloudesld, 
 " Or that I farther go : " 
 Cloudesle, with a bearjTig arrow. 
 Clave the wand in to. 
 
 Ritson, Pieces of Pop. Poetry. 
 
 PRICKET, s. A spire, spike, taper. Addit. 
 
 to Pricket. 
 
 " Ane steeple and pricket of ashler-wark upon the 
 east neuk and cunyie." Records of Old Dundee, p. 
 150. 
 
 PRICKET SANG, Prikat Sang, s. Music 
 pricked or noted down, musical notation. 
 Addit. to Pricksang, q. v. 
 
 "The said Sir John sail study continualie quhill he 
 be cunnand in prikat sang." Burgh Recs. Stirling, 
 1556, p. 70. 
 
 PROOF O' SHOT, adj. Incapable of in- 
 fluence or impression, heedless, regardless, 
 insensible. 
 
 A lover speaking of his heart says : 
 
 'Tisproof-o' shot to birth or money, 
 But yields to what is sweet and bonny. 
 
 Song, There^s my Thumb. 
 
 PYE-TREES, s. pi Cross-trees or poles 
 for drying nets, yarn, &c. 
 
 " . . . to haill, schutt, peill, and draw nettis on 
 all pairtis usit and wont within the said boundis, and 
 dry the said nettis upon the pye treis as said is." Reg. 
 Mag. Sig., 25 Aug., 1584, Rec. Series. 
 
 See also under Pie, s. 7, in Halliwell's Diet. 
 
 Q. 
 
 To QUARREL, v. a. As in E.: also, to 
 point out or check a fault, find fault with 
 as, " He quarrelled me for coming late " 
 to challenge, call in question, disapprove of 
 as, " He quai'velled every plan I proposed " 
 to plea at law, oppose, resist^ as, "He 
 quarrelled my claim in the Court of 
 Session." Addit. to Quarrel, v., q. v. 
 
 Quarrellable, Quarrallable, ac?/. Able 
 
 to be challenged, opposed, or resisted ; hence, 
 
 faulty, defective. 
 
 " Quhilk gift is not confirmed, neither wes the suc- 
 cessors ever in use off presenting; . . . and so 
 his right is most quarrallable." Peterkin, Rentals of 
 Orkney, No. III., p. 14. 
 
 Quarrelsome, adj. Fault-finding, given to 
 contradiction, litigious : " He's a quarrelsome 
 body ; he's never satisfied." 
 
 QUEIR, s. Church ; Abp. Hamilton's Cate- 
 chism, fol. 59a. Addit. to Queer, q. v. 
 
 Lit., quire or choir of a church ; but frequently ap- 
 plied to the whole building. It is so used in the pas- 
 sage quoted. 
 
 QUETHE, s. Cry, clamour, sound. 
 
 QUHATTINE, Quhatxe, Quhatna, adj. 
 What kind of; Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 119, 
 S. T. S. V. Quhatkyn, Quhaten. 
 
 QUITHER, Qwethir, r. and s. Forms of 
 Whither, q. v. 
 
 QUOSCHE, s. A hollow, haugh, 
 
 " . . . excepting the turnouris croft . . . with 
 the medo and quosche adiacent thereto. " Orig. Paroch. , 
 vol. IL, pt. 1, p. 142. 
 
 Gael, cds, a hollow, crevice, recess ; M'Leod and 
 Dewar. 
 
 To QWAITE, V. n. A form of wait, short 
 
 for await, to befal, happen. 
 
 Wait is still used in this sense, and examples of this 
 peculiar form are occasionally found : see AUit. Rom. 
 Alex., 1. 1109, and cf. Troy book, 1. 13245. 
 
RAC 
 
 [317] 
 
 RES 
 
 R. 
 
 RACHE, part. pt. Rated, reckoned, ranked. 
 V. Raik, Reke. 
 
 " Lat the burial of a deid persone be preparet ac- 
 cordeng as the persone is rache." Leslie, Hist. Scot., 
 p. 123, S. T. S. 
 
 RAIL, s. 1. Band, bar; as, the rai7 of a 
 stair, i.e., the hand-rail, also called the 
 railiii. 
 
 2. A row, line ; as, " a rail o' tackets," a row 
 
 of hobnails. 
 
 They pu' and rax the lingle tails. 
 Into their brogues they ca' the nails ; 
 Wi' hammers now, instead o' flails, 
 
 They mak great rackets, 
 And set about their heels wi' rails 
 
 0' clinkin tackets. 
 
 Keith, The Farmer's Ha', st. 5. 
 
 To Rail, v. a. 1. To fit with a band, bar, 
 or border, and hence to enclose ; as, " to 
 rail a stair," i.e., to fit it with a hand-rail 
 in order to prevent accidents. 
 
 2. To set in a row ; as, to rail shoon, to fill 
 the soles with rows of iron nails. 
 
 O. H. Ger. rir/il, a bar, bolt, from O. H. Ger. rihan, 
 to fasten (Ger. reihen, to put in a row, connect). See 
 Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 To RAVE, Raue, v. n. 1. To roam, wan- 
 der. 
 
 " He lang had rauet and wandirit, at last he arriuet 
 in Numidie." Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 71, S. T. S. 
 
 This term is formed from the sb. raver, a reaver, 
 robber, in the same way as rove from rover. 
 
 2. To emit a wild rushing sound, to roar, rage ; 
 
 as, " The wind's ravin in the lum-head." 
 
 Save in this sense is most prob. from Lat. rahere, to 
 rage. See Skeat's Etyra. Diet. 
 
 To RED, Redd, v. a. To set in order ; 
 hence, to arrange, prepare, provide ; as, " I'll 
 sort the place an' red the things to your 
 han." Addit. to Red, v., q. v. 
 
 Red, Redd, s. Arrangement ; the act of 
 
 arranging, preparing, organizing ; aiding 
 
 and abetting. Addit. to Red, s., q. v. 
 
 "Ye delete ... his name furth of the Sum- 
 mons of Treason and Forfaulture raised and executed 
 against him for being art, part, redd, counsel and coun- 
 selling of the late Treason." Gowrie Conspiracies, p. 
 35. 
 
 REDE, s. A road for ships. Y. Rade. 
 
 RED-HAWK, Reid-Halk, s. A hawk in 
 its first year, but generally applied to the 
 male goshawk or tercel of that age. 
 The tercel does not reach maturity till its second 
 
 year, and until then its plumage is of a deep brown 
 colour, and has a much ruddier tint than that of an 
 adult. 
 
 Your clerkis ar seruit all about. 
 
 And I do lyk ane reid hulk schout 
 
 To cum to hire that lies no leif, 
 
 Quhair my plummyis begynis to brek out : 
 
 Excess of thocht dois me mischeif. 
 
 Dunbar, Schir, yit remembir, st. 2. 
 Although so printed in the editions of Laing and 
 Small, the second last line of this passage is faulty : 
 gynis for begynis would greatly improve it. 
 
 Reid-halks, i.e., young hawks, however hungry or 
 clamorous for food, were not allowed to " come to 
 lure," or to feed, with the adult or trained hawks. 
 Dunbar, as an old and faithful falcon to the King, 
 complains that he is still treated as if he were only a 
 reid-halk. 
 
 It may be observed that halk is a mere graphic form, 
 and that the / is not sounded. Indeed, the Ik is a 
 contracted form of kk, which here represents uk, as 
 the preceding vowel is sounded long. See under Walk, 
 Wakk, Wauk, v., in Addenda, 
 
 REEK-HEN, s. The name of an ancient 
 house-tax paid to the landlord ; also, the 
 hen given in payment of it. Errat. in 
 
 DiCT. 
 
 From every fire-house or reek on his estate the 
 landlord claimed a hen by way of yearly custom. 
 Hence the name reek-hen. See Gloss. Orkn. and 
 Shetl., and Innes, Legal Antiq., p. 257. 
 
 Under Reik-Hen in Dict. delete s. 1, and the para, 
 which follows it, and combine the remainder of the 
 entry. 
 
 REEK-MAIL, Reek-maill, s. An ancient 
 name for house-rent ; dues payable by a 
 householder to his superior ; Burgh Recs. 
 Stirling, p. 308. V. under Reek-Hen. 
 
 REFYNE, part. pt. Riven, torn ; Barbour's 
 Saints, Peter, 1. 23. Y. Riye. 
 
 Icel. rifa, to rive, tear; pret. rif ; part. pt. r'lfinn. 
 
 REPALINGIS, s. pi. Prob. an error for 
 reperalingis or reparalingis, fittings, furni- 
 ture. 
 
 "A feather bed, and two saddles, with their 
 repalingis." Orig. Paroch., i. 185. 
 See Keparel in Halliwell. 
 
 REPRISE, s. A renewed effort, attempt, or 
 attack ; repetition, resumption. 
 
 " The unhappy condition wherein the Church and 
 State of Scotland were plunged during the minority of 
 King James the Sixth, and that not once or twice but 
 in frequent 7'eprises." Gowrie Conspiracies, p. 14. 
 
 O. fr. reprise, "resumption, repetition;" Cotgr. 
 This is the fem. of repris, part. pt. of reprendre, to- 
 resume. 
 
 RESATE, Resat, part. pt. Received, ac- 
 cepted, engaged and entered for service. 
 
 " . . . and ten merks for ane friemans sone be- 
 foir he be resat frieman, attour the wonted dewes for 
 
RES 
 
 [318] 
 
 SCH 
 
 the poor. Item, . . . the present Clerk and his 
 successors shall have 13s. iiijd. for the buikeing, and 
 ten shillings for the serveand so I'esat," Recs. lucorp. 
 of Tailors, Glasgow, 1648, p. 8. 
 
 REST, s. A hinge for a door ; pi. restis ; 
 perhaps so called because the door wrests or 
 turns upon them ; Douglas, III. 93, 8, ed. 
 Small. 
 
 A.-S. lorcestan, to writhe, twist ; M. Eng. wresten. 
 
 To RING, V. a. To put a ring in a swine's 
 snout ; to fit with a ring : part. pt. ringit, 
 fitted with a ring, as '' a ringit sow." Y. 
 under Snipe. 
 
 RINNAN BILL, s. A furious or mad bull ; 
 
 West of S. 
 
 To RIP out^ Rip down, v. a. To take down 
 work that is insufficient, or that has been 
 wrongly done ; as, " To rip out a stocking." 
 When such work is taken down loop by loop 
 it is often called rippling out. 
 
 RIPPIN, RiPPiSH, adj. Given to riping, i.e., 
 seai'ching, turning over, cleaning out : 
 hence, industrious, cleanly, fastidious. V. 
 Ripe, v. 
 
 But a new-made wife, fa' o' rippish freaks, 
 Fond o' a' things feat for the first five weeks, 
 Laid a mouldy pair o' her ain man's breeks 
 By the brose o' Aiken-drum. 
 
 AHcholson, Brownie of Blednoch. 
 Dan. rippe, in the sense of oprippe, to rip up, turn 
 over. 
 
 To RISP, V. 11. To dirl, rattle, knock ; " risp 
 at the manse door;" R. L. Stevenson, Kid- 
 napped, p. 4. Addit. to RiSP, q. v. 
 
 ROCHT, pret. Recked, regarded. 
 
 For he had thame inflammyt swa. 
 That naue of tbaime vald part hyme fra. 
 For his luf to de tbai ne rocht . . . 
 
 Barbour^s Saints, Prol., 1. 105. 
 
 A.-S. r6can, to care; pt. t. rdhte ; formed from a 
 sb. with base r6c-, found in M. H. Ger. ruoch, 0. H. 
 Ger. ruch, care, heed, whence M. H. Ger. ruochen, G. 
 H. Ger. r6hhjan, to reck ; see under Reck in Skeat's 
 Etym. Diet. 
 
 ROITTING, s. Rooting. V. Rutting. 
 
 ROUGH-RIDER, s. A performer of feats 
 on horseback, a circus-rider ; Laird of 
 Logan, p. 594. Addit. to Rouch-Rider, 
 q. V. 
 
 To RUB AN, Ruben, v. a. To fit, bind, deck, 
 or ornament with ribbons: part. pt. ruhanit; 
 Garmond of Gude Ladeis, Bann. MS., p. 
 657, Hunt. Soc. V. Ruben, s. 
 
 RUITH, Ruech, s. a cattle-run, hill-pasture, 
 summer-sheiling ; Scot. Gael, II. 82. 
 
 Gael, ruigh, ruighe, lit. arm, forearm ; applied to the 
 lower slopes of mountains on which cattle are pastured 
 during summer ; hence the secondary meaning, hill- 
 pasture. 
 
 RUTTING, RoiTTiNG, s. Rooting, turning 
 up the soil as pigs do in search of food ; 
 Oppressions in Orkney, p. 88, 4. V. [Rutt.] 
 
 S. 
 
 SAHT, part. pt. Reconciled. V. Saucht, 
 Sacht. 
 
 SAIR, s. and v. Savour, smell. V. Sare, 
 Sawer. 
 
 Sairing, part, and adj. Smelling, as, " sueit 
 sairing flouris ; " Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 44 : 
 stinking, as, "sairing like a brock." 
 
 To S APPLE CLAES. To steep or soak 
 clothes in soapy water. V. Sapples. 
 
 To SAUD, V. a. To make solid. V. Sad, v. 
 
 To SAUGHTILL, v. a. and n. To reconcile ; 
 
 Awnt. Arth., st. Hi. V. Sauchtine. 
 
 A.-S. sahtlian, to reconcile, make peace : from saJit, 
 peace. 
 
 SAY, s. and adj. Assay. V. Say, v. and 
 Sey, 8. 
 
 SAYLCH, s. A seal. V. Selcht. 
 
 SCALE 'DRAKE, Skeel-duck, s. 
 Skaildrake. 
 
 V. 
 
 SCARE, s. The narrow part of the head of 
 a golf-club, by which the head is glued to 
 the handle; Gl. Golfer's Handbook. Addit. 
 to Skair, q. V. 
 
 This is a special application of Skair, a splice : see 
 s. 2 of that term in Dict. 
 
 To SCHEND, V. a. To shame, disgrace: 
 part. pt. schende; Sir Tristrem, 1. 3289. 
 Addit. to Schent, v., q. v. 
 
 ScHENDSCHiP, ScHENSCHEPE, s. Shame, 
 confusion, ignominy ; Burgh Recs. Peebles, 
 1450, p. 15, Rec. Soc. 
 
 And tha that tynt had wittis fyffe, 
 
 Tbai restoryt tbaime allswa 
 
 Era scfienschejje of oure felone fay. 
 
 Barbour's Saints, Prol. 1. 119. 
 
 A. -S. scendan, to confound, shame ; 0. Du. schenden. 
 
SCH 
 
 [319] 
 
 SEE 
 
 SCHIELDRAKE, Shieldrake, s. V. 
 Skaildrake. 
 
 SCHIPREDE, s. A road or anchorage for 
 ships; Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 127, S. T. S. 
 V. Rade. 
 
 SCHUFE, pret. Shoved, placed, stuck ; Bar- 
 bour's Saints, Peter, 1. 158. 
 A.-S. saifan, to shove ; pt. t. sciaf. M. Eng. schoven. 
 
 SCHULE, s. A shoal. V. Skule. 
 
 To SCLUFE, V. n. V. Sklufe. 
 
 To SCOSCHE, V. a. To view, examine, 
 search, test: hence, to reject things that 
 are defective. 
 
 " That ane persoun be yeirlie elected at Michaelmes 
 to scosche all skynis cuttit, hollit, or tuigit in the nek, 
 within this burght, with the decoun of the skynnaris, 
 quha sal haue ane penny for his panis of ilk skyn sua 
 fundyn, to be payet be the byar," Burgh Recs. 
 Glasgow, 28th August, 1613. 
 
 This looks very like the old custom of Scawage or 
 Showing to which merchants had to submit on bring- 
 ing their goods to market, and for which a small 
 custom rate was charged. In the Liber Albus, where 
 it is frequently mentioned, it is thus defined : — "And 
 be it made known, that Scavage is so called as being a 
 'shewing;' because it behoves the merchants that 
 they shew unto the Sheriffs the merchandize for which 
 the custom is to be taken, before that any of it be 
 sold." Mun. GildhallaB Lond., vol. iii., p. 58, EoUs 
 Series, and see Gloss, also. 
 
 A.-S. scedwian, to look at, view, or search. 
 
 SCRAE, Skrae, s. Short for Skrae-Fish, 
 q. V. 
 
 Scrae or scrae-Jish, especially those that are sweet- 
 salted, i.e., slightly salted, are generally eaten with- 
 out being cooked. 
 
 Scraf, when it appears in Orkney rentals, represents 
 a payment in kind, of which the money value ranges 
 from 3 to 5 shillings per mille. 
 
 To SCUG, SCOOG, V. a. To hide, cover, con- 
 ceal ; also, to expiate, atone for. Addit. to 
 Skug, q. V. 
 
 "And aye at every sax years' end, 
 Ye'll tak him to the linn : 
 For that's the penance he maun dree, 
 To scug his deadly sin. " 
 
 Ballad, Young Benjie. 
 
 Scug, Scoug, Scoog, s. Hiding, shelter. V. 
 Skug. 
 
 SCULL-CAP, Scull-Hat, s. A close- 
 fitting cap or hat. 
 
 A sword, a sweel, a swine's bladder, 
 
 A trump o' steel, a feather'd lock, 
 
 An auld scull-hat for winter- weather, 
 
 And meikle mair, my Jennie, quoth Jock. 
 
 The Country Wedding, Herd, ii. 91, ed. 1869. 
 The winter scull-cap was generally made of coarse 
 woollen stuff, and was fitted with ear-flaps which 
 could be tied under the chin : the summer scull-cap 
 commonly had no ear-flaps, and was made of lighter 
 material. 
 
 SCUTTLE DISH, Skiddle Dish, s. A 
 
 large flat dish set below the spigot of an ale- 
 barrel to catch the drops. V. Scuttle, v. 
 
 In the account of a witch's nettle-kail given in the 
 ballad entitled Earl Richard, the following passage 
 occurs : — 
 
 And she would meal you with millering, 
 
 That she gathers at the mill. 
 And mak you thick as any daigh ; 
 And when the pan was brimful, 
 Would mess you up in scuttle dishes, 
 
 Syne bid us sup till we were fou ; 
 Lay down her head upon a poke. 
 Then sleep and snore like any sow. 
 
 Scot. Ballads, Child, iii. 273. 
 In the old Scot, alehouses the scuttle dish was gener- 
 ally a large wooden-bowl or basin, and most probably 
 it is to such dishes that reference is made in the 
 ballad. They were also called skiddle dishes. 
 
 SEAL OF CAUSE, Seile of Cause, Sele 
 OF Cause, s. The technical name of a 
 writing granted by a royal burgh, and 
 having the common seal (or common seal 
 of cause, as it was more usually called,) 
 appended by way of verification, confirming 
 the privileges of a body of craftsmen or of 
 a society, and having the effect of a charter 
 of incorporation. 
 
 "We have appro veit, ratefeit, admitit for ns, and in 
 sa far as in ws is, or that we haue power, confirmes 
 the said bill in all pointtis and articles. . . . And 
 for the mair verificatioun and strenth of the samyn we 
 half to-hunoin oure commoun seall of cans for the said 
 burghe of Edinburghe." Seal of Cause to the Hat- 
 makers, 1473 : Burgh Recs. Edinbuigh, i. 28, Rec. Soc. 
 
 The power of the Scottish Burghs to constitute 
 subordinate incorporations has been recognised by the 
 Supreme Courts, and appears to have been freely exer- 
 cised. In Glasgow nearly all the incorporated trades 
 have still in preservation Seals of Cause granted to- 
 them by the magistrates and council. For the most 
 part they were confined to the older incorporations ; 
 but not exclusively. In 1789 the magistrates of Glas- 
 gow granted a Seal of Cause to the Running Stationers- 
 or Cadies ; in 1790, to the Society for managing the 
 Sunday Schools in Glasgow; in 1791, to the Glasgow 
 Society of the Sons of Ministers of the Church of Scot- 
 land ; and in the same year to the Governors of Archi- 
 bald Millar's Trust. 
 
 In the application for the Seal of Cause to the Cadies 
 it was set forth "that the members of the Sidd Society 
 would serve the public by going messages by night or 
 by day to any parts of the city and suburbs, or to any 
 places in the country, by hiring as servants by the job,. 
 or by the day, week, or month, to serve either in town 
 or country, or during journeys to the country, or 
 otherwise ; by assisting at balls, dinners, suppers, and 
 public entertainments ; and by every other mode prac- 
 tised by the Cadies of Edinburgh ; therefore praying 
 that the Lord Provost, Magistrates, and Council, in 
 virtue of the powers vested in them for erecting 
 societies of that kind, would grant them a Seal of 
 Cause, and erect them into a regular Corporation." 
 MS. Council Records of Glasgow, vol. 34, p. 38-9. 
 
 SEEN, Sene to, part.pt. 1. Cared or provided 
 for, attended to; trained, disciplined: " The 
 bairns hae been weel seen to by their uncle." 
 V. Beseine. 
 
 Statements of this kind are made to express what 
 has been done in the past for the support, upbringing,. 
 
SEE 
 
 [320] 
 
 SMA 
 
 or education of the persons referred to ; or what pro- 
 vision has been made for their present or future well- 
 being. 
 
 2. Short for heseen, equipped, skilled, ex- 
 perienced. 
 
 Glide Sir Alexander Irving, 
 
 The much renownit laird of Drum, 
 
 Nane in his days was bettir sene, 
 Quhen they war semblit all and sum. 
 
 Ballad, Battle of Harlaw, 1. 21 9. 
 
 To SELE, V. a. To spread, cover ; a form of 
 
 SiLE, q. V. 
 
 SENNACHIE, s. V. Senachie. 
 
 SENT, s. Scent, smell: to sent, to follow 
 scent, for scenting, to discover or track by 
 scent ; Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 20, S. T. S. 
 
 To SET Up, V. a. To commence, begin, open ; 
 to set up booth or buith, to commence busi- 
 ness, open a shop; Hammermen's Seal of 
 Cause. Addit. to Set, q. v. 
 
 To SET, Segh, v. To wend, go. Addit. to 
 Sey, q. V. 
 
 SHAFTMON, Shatmond, s. V. Schaft- 
 
 MON. 
 
 SHANNA, Sanna, Sunna, v. Forms of 
 
 "shall not." 
 To SHIRP, V. n. To waste or pine away in 
 
 body. Addit. to Shirp, q. v. 
 Shirpet, adj. Shrunk, shrivelled, wasted; 
 
 as, a shirpet face, a shirpet leg. Errat. in 
 
 DiCT. 
 
 Jamieson's definition of this term is a mistake, and 
 it is not borne out by his quotation. 
 Gael, searg, to fade, wither, pine away. 
 
 SHOKLE, ScHOKLE, s. A small portion, 
 piece, or point; ^^ schokles of yce," icicles; 
 Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 46, S.T.S. 
 
 This term relates only to ice : it is improperly used 
 otherwise. 
 
 "Evolved from ice-schoMes, corruption of ice-yohles. 
 The spelling yseyokels occurs in MS. of Piers Plow- 
 man, B. xvii. 227." Skeat. 
 
 Icel. jokull, a dimin. of jaki, a piece of ice ; A.-S. 
 gicel, i.e. is-gicel, an icicle ; L. Germ, jokel. See Vig- 
 fusson. 
 
 To SIC, SiK, V. n. To sigh ; part. pr. siccin, 
 
 sikkin : " siccin and sabbin," sighing and 
 
 sobbing. V. SiKE. 
 
 To SIGNE, V. a. A form of sing, to singe ; 
 part. pt. signet, singed; Leslie, Hist. Scot., 
 p. 95, S. T. S. 
 
 SIMPLESSE, SiMPLESE, s. Simpleness, 
 simplicity. O. Fr. simplesse. 
 
 Go litill tretise, nakit of eloquence, 
 Causing simplese and pouertee to wit ; 
 
 And pray the reder to have pacience 
 Of thy defaute, and to supporten It, 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 194, ed. Skeat. 
 
 SKAILDRAKE, s. V. Dict. 
 
 Delete the second last parag. of this entry in Dict. 
 The deriv. from Su.-G. skael is a mistake ; and Grose's 
 explanation is correct. 
 
 Skaildrake is for skaild-drake, i.e., shield-drake, 
 hence, M. E. sheld-drake, and Mod. E. sheldrake. Ln 
 M. E. sheld meant a shield, like a shield, barred, 
 flecked, party-coloured : hence, sheld-drake meant 
 variegated or spotted drake. A.-S. scild is defined by 
 Grein as a shield, and applied also to the appearance of 
 a bird's plumage. Cf. Icel. skjoldungr, a sheldrake. 
 
 SKEIFE, s. Prob. section, division, applied 
 to a mass or body of immense size. V. 
 Skelve, Skelf. 
 
 "Upounthe penult day of Juuij, appeared in the 
 sight of the Castell of Sanctandrois twenty ane French 
 galayis, with a skeife of an army, the lyik whairof was 
 never sein in that Fyrth befoir." Knox, Keform. in 
 Scot., i. 203, ed, Laing, Wodrow Soc. 
 
 SKET, Skete, adv. Quick, quickly ; Sir 
 Tristrem, 1. 559, 896, S.T.S. 
 
 SKIR, Skyr, Skirrie, s. A rock in the 
 sea, a small rocky islet ; also, a cluster of 
 rocks. Addit. to Skerr, q. v. 
 
 SKIRGE, s. A scold, termagant, brawling 
 
 woman ; Laird of Logan, p. 597. 
 
 This term is prob. a corr. of E, scourge, a lash : 
 from O, Fr, escorgie, a scourge, which has come from 
 Lat. excoriata, flayed oflf, hence a strip of raw hide or 
 leather for a whip. 
 
 To SLIP, SiiiEP, V. a. To slit, cut, lay open 
 with a sharp point. Prob. a corruption of 
 E. slit. 
 
 Slip, Sliep, s. A slit, cut, incision. 
 
 "Also discharges all manner of cutting or carving 
 of kine or oxen, except only one sliep on one of the 
 soulders and one squint cutt on one of the hinder legs ; 
 and also all cutting of sheep except an even in score in 
 the shoulder and a sliep in the rumpell, and that under 
 the paine of six shillings 8d. for each cutt in a sheep 
 and 40s. for each cutt in a lamb. And ordains the 
 bailies to give one half of the fines to the poor of the 
 toun, and the other half to the poor of the trade that 
 need," Annals of Dunfermline, 1703, p, 374. 
 
 SLOGHORNE, s. V. under Slogan. 
 
 That sloghorne or slughorne meant simply a battle- 
 cry is attested by the following passage from John 
 Knox's account of the aff'ray at Solway Moss, 
 
 " Great was the noyse and confusion that was heard, 
 while thateverie man calles his awin sloghorne." Hist, 
 Reform, Scot., i. 87, ed, Laing, Wodrow Soc. 
 
 SLOTTING, part, and s. Slitting or cutt- 
 ing : " slotting Jlesh," cutting animals that 
 are about to be slaughtered, for the purpose 
 of bleeding them ; also called scoring Jlesh, 
 and letting doun Jlesh; Burgh Recs. Stirling, 
 1647, p, 193. V. under Score, and Let 
 down. 
 
 SMARAGDYNE, adj. as s. Emerald; 
 Kingis Quair, st. 155, ed. Skeat. V. 
 Smaradge. 
 
SME 
 
 [321] 
 
 SPO 
 
 SMERT, .<(. Pain, suffering, as in "the 
 lover's smert : " short for smert-siller, or 
 s inert -money, i.e., smart-money ; as, " He 
 listed wi' the sodgers, but paid the smert 
 and wan hame." V. [Smert, v.']. 
 
 SMOCH, adj. Broken ; hence, cast-away, 
 rejected, left : a form of Smush, q. v. 
 
 Thow wald be fane to gnaw, lad, with thy gammis, 
 Wndir my burde, smoch banis behind doggis bakkis. 
 Dunbar and Kennedy, 1. 364. 
 
 Bann. MS. reads nnoch. 
 
 Swed. dial, smank, a slight report, noise, smash : 
 from smakka, to throw down noisily, to smack, smash. 
 O. Du. smacken, to collide, smash ; smacke, a smack, 
 smash. 
 
 To SNITE, Snyte, v. a. Same as Snoit, 
 q. V. : with addit. meaning, to taunt, gibe ; 
 Laird of Logan, p. 597. 
 
 These three forms are simply varieties, and should 
 have been united. The primary meaning is to clean 
 or clear the nose ; Sw. snyta, Dan. snyde, from Sw. 
 snut, Dan. snude, the snout, nose; and "to snuff a 
 candle," as given by Jamieson, is only a secondary 
 meaning. Cf. Dutch snuiten, to blow one's nose, to 
 snuff a candle. 
 
 SOK, s. A ploughshare ; a plough. V. 
 Sock. 
 
 SoK AND Syth, adj. Arable, fit to be plowed 
 
 and reaped. 
 
 "Sokandsyith lande, that is sik lande as maybe 
 tilled by ane pleuch, or maybe mawed with ane syth." 
 Skene, De Verb. Sig., s. v. Husbandland. 
 
 SOLEMPNE, SOLEMPT, adj. Solemn. 
 
 And therewith-all thir peple sawe I stand. 
 With mony a solempt countenance. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 79. 
 This is the reading of the MS. ; but solempt should 
 be solemp\ni\t to suit the measure. It is so printed in 
 Prof. Skeat's edition. 
 
 Very probably King James wrote solempne or solemp- 
 nit ; for there is no example of his putting only eight 
 syllables in a line. 
 
 SOMER, s. A sumpter: applied to both 
 men and horses. V. Sumer. 
 
 SOO, Sou, y. and s. Ache, throb, thrill, 
 tingle, as with pain or the sensation pro- 
 duced by a shrill, piercing sound. Addit. 
 to Soo, Sow, q. V. 
 
 SOU, SowE, s. A bride's outfit or braws. 
 Addit. to Sow, a stack, heap, q. v. 
 
 This term is now used only by the fisher-folk of the 
 N. E. of Scot, from Nairn to Buckie. 
 
 SOUGH, s. Sound, talk, report, fama. 
 Addit. to Sough, s. 
 
 "Before the souqh gaed abroad about Mr. Alexander. " 
 R. L. Stevenson, Kidnapped, p. 50. 
 
 SO UN, s. Sound, noise ; Douglas, Pal. 
 (Sup.) R 2 
 
 Hon., I. 34, 8, Small ; Kingis Quair, st. 13, 
 152, Skeat; also, report, rumour; West of 
 S. 
 SOYT, SoYTE, s. Lit. a following, follow- 
 ing another, but in different senses : — 
 
 1. A suit at law, lawsuit. 
 
 2. Company or following under the jurisdic- 
 tion of a court, or of a lord or overlord. 
 
 Regarding a " Chalmerlan Air" in a burgh, it was 
 enacted — " At ye ger be brocht thar that tym al the 
 names of soyt of court of the forsaide burgh." Iter 
 Camerarii, ch. 1, Ancient Laws of Scotland, Rec. Soc. 
 
 " Item, thar salbe askit the roll of the soyt of court, 
 alswell within as vtouth duelland." Ibid., ch. 3. 
 
 3. Attendance at the court of the king or of 
 the overlord; see s. 2, in DiCT. 
 
 4. A suit of clothes or other articles in sets ; 
 also, dress, livery. 
 
 And eftir this, the birdis euerichone 
 
 Tuke vp an othir sang full loud and clere, — 
 We proyne and play without dout and dangere, 
 All clothit In a soijte full fresch and newe. 
 In lufis seruice besy, glad, and trewe. 
 
 Kingis Quair, st. 64, ed. Skeat. 
 Addit. to SoiT, Soyt, s., q. v, 
 Fr. suite, a following of any kind. 
 
 SPAININ-BRASH, s. Milk-fever; West 
 of S. V. Spain. 
 
 SPAN, pret. Spun, did spin. 
 
 SPEIL, Spell, Speld, s. Forms of Spale, 
 
 q. V. 
 
 These forms represent the pron. of spale in various 
 districts of Scot, In the North of Eng. the old game 
 of cat and bat or hall and bat is called knurr and sjyell. 
 See under Knir, above, 
 
 SPLITS, Splittis, s. pi 1. The divisions of 
 a weaver's reed. 
 
 2, Rough or undressed staves for barrels. 
 
 "Statute and ordain e that they nor nane of thame 
 wnder quhatsumever cuUour or pretext sal buy any 
 runges, stinges, splittis, or stappis, from the saidis four 
 persounes, nor from any vtheris quho goes betuix the 
 said trade and thair barganes in all tyme heirefter." 
 MS. Minute Book of the Coopers of Glasgow, 11 June, 
 1664. 
 
 Addit. to Split, s., q. v. 
 
 SPONGE, Spounge, Spunge, s. A mop, 
 brush, or bundle of fibres used for brush- 
 ing or cleansing. 
 
 That this term was formerly synon, with brush, and 
 used in a much wider sense than now, is shown by the 
 name which certain kinds of brushes still bear. For 
 example, the mop with which a baker cleans out his 
 oven is called a sponge; so also is the brush with 
 which an artillery-man cleans out his gun after it has 
 been fired ; and a sailor boy, when directed to wipe 
 some water from the deck with his mop, is told to 
 sponge it up. And in the Rates and Customs of Mer- 
 chandise in 1612, we find the entries "Brushes or 
 Spounges," and "Spounges or Brushes," and each entry 
 contains a list of the various kinds then in use. V. 
 Halyburton's Ledger, pp. 292, 329. 
 
STA 
 
 [322] 
 
 SWA 
 
 Hair-Spoxge, Hair-Spouxge, s. The name 
 formerly given to the various kinds of 
 brushes made of hair. 
 
 " Spoitnges or brushes of hair called rubbing brushes, 
 
 . . keame brushes, . . . weaveris brushes." 
 
 " Spoiinges or brushes of hairioT dichting of clothes." 
 
 Eates and Customs of 1612, Hal. Ledger, pp. 329, 330. 
 
 Heath Spounge, Hadder-Spouxge, s. A 
 brush made of heath or heather. 
 
 '^ Spounges or brushes of heath called held brushes." 
 Ibid., p. 329. 
 
 ' ' Spounges or brushes of hadder course [i. e. coarse]. " 
 ,, ,, of hadder fyne. 
 
 ,, ,, o/ hadder called rubbing 
 
 brushes," Ibid., p. 329. 
 
 Water- Sponge, Watter-Spounge, s. The 
 name by which a sponge was formerly 
 called. 
 
 "Brushes or spounges called waiter spounges for 
 chirurgeans, the pound weight, . . . xxs." Ibid., 
 p. 292. 
 
 In his story of The Tua Mariit Wemen and the 
 Wedo, Dunbar makes the widow reveal to her gossips 
 the following secret regarding her use of a water- 
 sponge : — 
 Quhen frendis of my husbandis behaldis me on fer, 
 I half a water-spunge for wa, within my wyde clokis, 
 Than wring I it full wylely and wetis my chekis : 
 With that wateris myn ene and welteris doune teris. 
 Than say thai all that sittis about, "Se ye nought, allace ! 
 Yone lustlese led so lelely scho luffit hir husband : 
 Yone is a pete to enprent in a princis hert, 
 That sic a perle of plesance suld yone pane dre ! " 
 
 U. 436-443. 
 
 STAG, adj. Dried, hung, raw or unseasoned : 
 applied to the skins of animals that have 
 been simply dried, by being stretched or 
 suspended in the open air. 
 
 In the Rates and Customs of 1612, the terms stag 
 and raw are used synonymously in opposition to 
 seasoned or cured as applied to furskins. See Haly- 
 burton's Ledger, p. 305, 306. 
 
 0. Du. staken, to stretch, suspend. 
 
 To STAINCH, Stainche, v. a. V. Stanche. 
 STALLAGE, s. V. under Stallenge. 
 
 The older name of this duty was horghalpeny, or 
 hordhalpeny, Le., the halfpenny paid at fairs and mar- 
 kets for erecting boards or stalls. See Gloss. Liber 
 Custumarum, p. 702, Rolls Series. 
 
 STAY-RIG, s. A border or boundary rig ; 
 
 a ridge or strip of land running at right 
 
 angles to the other ridges, and so forming 
 
 a border or boundary to them. 
 
 "At the tails of all their rigs to make ane stayrig 
 upon the auld bounds of the said acres." Records of 
 Old Dundee, p. 242. 
 
 STEMBOD, s. A symbol of citation: for 
 ordinary meetings a staff was used ; in 
 matters of urgency or haste, an arrow ; for 
 a court of justice, an axe ; for ecclesiastical 
 or religious affairs, a cross. See Gloss. 
 Oppressions iu Orkney. 
 
 Icel. defnuhoth, a summoning to a meeting : from 
 Icel. stefna, later stemna, a summons, and both, a mes- 
 sage, call. See Vigfusson. 
 
 STENT, s. Extent, space, measure : hence, 
 limits, bounds, requirement; and still used 
 in the sense of fixed or stipulated amount of 
 work, task. Addit. to Stent, s., q. v. 
 
 "Allsua the land Hand betuix the estir oxgang and 
 the orchard of the said Dauid and the march of cauil 
 [be] comon to bath the parts. Alsua bath the partyes 
 sel kepe lauchful stent and noth exceed it." Charter, 
 dated 31 July, 1437, quoted in Annals of Dunfermline, 
 p. 152-3. 
 
 STIFHARTIT, adj. Obstinate, hard hearted ; 
 Abp. Hamilton's Catechism, fol. 46b. 
 
 STONIT HORSE, Stonyt Horse, Stane- 
 Horse, s. a stallion ; Douglas, Virgil, Bk. 
 iv., prol. 1. 59. 
 
 STOUK, s. A portion of land dedicated to a 
 
 Saint, and called by his name : as, St. 
 
 Augustin's stoitk, St. Duthus' stouk. Addit. 
 
 to Stook, q. V. 
 
 "The foundation of this schoole [the sang schoole of 
 Kirkwall] of auld was Sanct Augustin's stouh, worth 
 fyve chalder of wictuall be yeir, set out of auld be the 
 Prebendare, and now in his Majestie's possession. . . . 
 That thair is ane stouck callit St. Duthus stouck within 
 the parochin, and quarter of ane myll distant from the 
 cathedi'all kirk." Peterkin, Rentals of Orkney, No. 
 IIL, p. 35. 
 
 STRANGLON, s. The disease called 
 
 strangles, a tumour or swelling in a horse's 
 
 throat; Burgh Recs. Stirling, 1555, p. 64. 
 
 O. Fr. estranguillons, the strangles : from 0. Fr. 
 estrangler, to strangle, choke, from Lat. strangulare, 
 allied to stringere, to bind. 
 
 STRENYIE, Strienyie, s. A strain, sprain; 
 Watson's Coll., i. 60. V. Strenyie, v. 
 
 STURE, Stuere, s. Dust, quarrel. V. 
 
 Stour. 
 STUTHT, s. Same as Stuht, q. v. 
 
 STY, s. PI. styes, steps, stages; Sir Tris- 
 trem, 1. 400, S.T.S. Addit. to Sty, q. v. 
 
 sue CINE, s. Amber ; Leslie, Hist. Scot., 
 p. 47, S. T. S. Lat. sucinum, succinum. 
 
 SWAIF, SwAF, s. A sweep, a long swinging 
 stroke or blow; " wi' a swaif o' the scythe:'* 
 also a gust, blast, swirl; "It was thrown 
 owre wi' a swaf o' wind." A variant of 
 swap, q. v., West of S. 
 
 Under the form swayfe this term occurs in the Allit. 
 Rom. Alex,, 1. 806. 
 
 Allied to A.-S. swdpan, to sweep along, rush, swoop ; 
 Icel. sveipa, to sweep, swoop. See under Swap in 
 Skeat's Etym. Diet. 
 
 SWAIL, SwAiLL, Swale, s. A hollow be- 
 tween two ridges or gently sloping banks ; 
 
SWE 
 
 [323] 
 
 THE 
 
 also, a gentle rising of the ground with a 
 corresponding declivity ; Burgh Recs. Aber- 
 deen, II., 324, Sp. C. V. SwAiLSH. 
 
 "Keipand the strype quhill it enter in Beildeis 
 sioaill, and keipand and ascendand upwith the said 
 swaill quhill it cam to the littill stane calsay, . . . 
 and fra the said stane calsay at the end of the hill foir- 
 said, keipand betuix the nasche and the hard north and 
 north eist." Keg. Mag. Sig., 19th Dec, 1584, Rec. 
 Series. 
 
 SWEIRT, SwEERT, adj. Forms of Sweir, 
 q. V. 
 
 SWIMMING, SwoMENG, adj. Flooded, flow- 
 ing, filled ; as, " The road's swhnming wi' 
 water " : abounding, teeming ; as, " The 
 loch's swimming wi' fish." Also used as an 
 adv., as in the phrase, swimming full, i.e., 
 
 abundantly, copiously full or filled, well 
 
 stocked. 
 
 " Linlythgwe, decored with the kings palice . . . 
 and a pleasand Loch stoomeng full of fyne perchis, and 
 vtheris notable fische ; " Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 23, 
 S. T. S. 
 
 SWYKDOM, SwYKEDOM, s. Deception, 
 treachery. V. SwYK. 
 
 SWYNE-TAIL, s. A corr. of seyingtale, 
 sif ting-measure, of which the modern name 
 is a milking-caup : a small cog or ladle for 
 transferring the milk from the milking-pail 
 to the sey-dish or strainer. 
 
 Ane milk-syth with ane swyne-taill. 
 
 Wowing of Jok and Jynny, 1. 28. 
 In the modern version of this piece given in Herd's 
 Collection, and called The Country Wedding, this line 
 is rendered — 
 
 A sey-dish and a milking-cap. 
 
 T. 
 
 TABLES, Tablis, s. A tablet or note-book : 
 the &choo\-tahles were in the form of a double 
 or folding slate : also called table-books ; 
 Rates and Customs, 1612 : and sometimes 
 plates, as in Halyburton's Ledger, p. 51. 
 
 To TAILE, V. a. V. Dict. 
 
 To this entry in the Dict. add the following : 
 There is probably some scribal error in the reading, 
 he wald him taile, found in the Edin. MS. But in any 
 case the reading, Ae thoucht all hale, is in every respect 
 a better one ; and although Jamieson deemed it un- 
 warranted, it is found in the Camb. MS., as well as in 
 the printed editions. 
 
 TAINT, s. Notice, attention ; a form of 
 Tent, q. v. ; Gowrie Conspiracies, p. 39. 
 
 To TARY, Tarye, v. a. V. Dict. 
 
 By mistake the definition and illustration of s. 2 of 
 this verb ai'e set after instead of before Tary, Tarye, 
 .s. Delete the definition there given, and substitute 
 the following : — 
 
 2. To bear, suffer, endure, as in times of trial, 
 oppression, persecution, &c. : " Thy father 
 wald have taryed four suche," i.e., would 
 have borne or stood as much as four of you. 
 
 TEARER, Teerer, s. The boy who stirs, 
 breaks, and spreads the colour for a calico- 
 printer. 
 
 This term has been explained as a corr. of steerer, a 
 stirrer ; but this is a mistake. What the calico-printer 
 requires is not merely that the colour be stirred, but 
 that it be thoroughly mixed, broken, of equal consist- 
 ency, and smoothly spread ; and all this the fearer 
 does by spreading and working the colour over the 
 cloth-sieve with his brush. 
 
 A.-S. teran, to tear, rend, break up ; M. Eng. teren. 
 
 TELDID, part. pt. Built, erected. V. Tild. 
 
 TEMED, pret. Appealed ; Sir Tristrem, 1. 
 431, S. T. S. Errat. in Dict. 
 
 A.-S. teaman, to cite, summon, contend : from team, 
 an issue, result. 
 
 To TERBUCK, v. a. and n. V. Irebuck. 
 
 TEU, Tew, Teu-airn, Teu-yron, s. The 
 nozzle or tube of the bellows of a forge or 
 furnace. 
 
 "To be discharged of their worke by stryking out 
 of thair teu iyron, and thair other workloums to be dis- 
 posed upon our pleasour." Culross and Tulliallan, ii. 
 166. 
 
 O. Fr. tuyau, a pipe, quill : older form tuyel, from 
 Lat. tuhellus, dimin. of tubus, a tube : see Brachet. 
 Some, however, refer it to O. H. Ger. ticda, a tube : 
 see Littre. 
 
 TEW, TuE, s. An instrument for pulling, 
 drawing, tightening ; a tug. 
 
 The long pincers with which a blacksmith draws a 
 piece of iron from his forge, is called a tew or tew-iron. 
 The tews of a drum are the leather-catches by which 
 the cords are tightened ; but the name is often applied 
 to both cords and catches. 
 
 "And allows the drummer to get als many new tews 
 as will serve the drum." Culross and Tulliallan, ii. 90. 
 
 A.-S. taw, an instrument; from taioian, to work, 
 prepare, taw, dress. 
 
 THAME, Thaiem, s. Thirlage. V. Theme. 
 
 THEM SELF, Thameself, Themsel, 
 Thaimsel, Thame-sel, pron. Used for 
 himself or herself: as, "Every ane ioY them- 
 sel." Also used for themselves : as, " They 
 care na for ocht but themsel." 
 
THO 
 
 [324] 
 
 TOR 
 
 This term is frequently used by Abp. Hamilton in 
 both senses : thus — 
 
 " That the giffar of that benefice may get in the laif 
 to thame self and thair keching." Catechism, fol. 60a. 
 
 " That they may knawlege thame self to be that 
 kingis knichtis quhais baige thai beir." Ibid., fol. 135b. 
 
 THOLING, Tholyng, s. Permission, grace, 
 will, authority ; a more common form is 
 tholance. V. under Thole. 
 
 " This appoyntment made at Dunfermelyn [25 July, 
 1457], betwix a venerabill fader in crist, Rechart, be 
 godds tholyng Abbotte of Dunfermelyn, and the con- 
 vente of that ilke on the ta pairt . . ." Regist. 
 Dunferm., No. 451, p. 344, quoted in Annals of Dun- 
 fermline, p. 160. 
 
 To THORN, V. n. To satisfy one's appetite, 
 to eat heartily ; part. pt. thorned, thorn, re- 
 freshed with food. 
 
 Wlien they had eaten and well drunken, 
 
 And a' had thom'd fine, 
 The bride's father he took the cup. 
 
 For to serve out the wine. 
 
 Scot. Ballads, Child, ii,, 335. 
 " Ye'U eat and drink, my merry men a'. 
 
 An' see j'e be weill thorn; 
 For blaw it weet, or blaw it wind, 
 
 My guid ship sails the morn." 
 
 Ibid., iii., 339. 
 
 THOUGHT, Thocht, s. Grief, sorrow, 
 trouble, affliction : " That wild son has been 
 a sair thocht and a heavy burden to his 
 mother." 
 
 The word is similarly used in the English ballad of 
 The Nutbrowne Maide : see Child's Eng. and Scot. 
 Ballads, iv. 147. 
 
 THUMB, Thoum, s. 
 
 To the examples under this heading in Dicr. add the 
 following : — 
 
 1. To keep thoum on, to hide, keep secret: 
 " Mind, noo, keep thoum on that." To keep 
 one's thoum on, to keep to one's self, in 
 one's power, or for one's own benefit : " Y'ed 
 better keep your thoum ont.'^ 
 
 2. Under thoum, similar to underhand, and 
 used as an adj. or an adv. ; secret, in secret, 
 furtively : " The bargain was made under 
 thoum." 
 
 " Thay war invaded be that potent nation e of the 
 peychtes throuch counsel of the Britanis quyetlie vnder 
 thoum." Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 81, S.T.S. 
 
 3. Under one's thoum, in one's own hand, pos- 
 session, or power ; also, under the power, 
 control, or subjection of another, as, " His 
 father keeps him under his thoum." 
 
 Whan I've a saxpence under my thum, 
 
 Then I'll get credit in ilka toun ; 
 But ay when I'm poor they bid me gang by ; 
 
 O ! poverty parts good company. 
 
 Todlin name, Herd's Coll, , ii. 106. 
 
 THRUMS, s. pi Shreds, stumps ; '' lerrs o' 
 thrums," mere stumps of leirs. Addit. to 
 Thrum, q. v. 
 
 She's crined awa' to bane an' skin. 
 
 But that it seems is nought to me ; 
 She's like to live — although she's in 
 
 The last stage o' tenuity. 
 She munches wi' her wizened gums. 
 And stumps about on legs o' thrums. 
 But comes — as sure as Christmas comes — 
 To ca' for her annuit3% 
 
 George Outram,, The Annuity. 
 
 TILD, Tilde, s. Cover, tent, roof : hence, 
 house, castle, or building of any kind. V. 
 Teld, Tyld. 
 
 A.-S. teld, tent; Icel. tjald, Dan. telt. From A.-S. 
 teld comes E. tilt, the cover of a cart. 
 
 TILSALL, s. A form of tinsall, loss; Burgh 
 Recs. Stirling, 1519, p. 2. 
 
 TIRE, TiRiTNESS, Tyritnes, s. Tiredness, 
 weariness, exhaustion. 
 
 " . . . with tyritnes, service or bondage, sick- 
 nes, dolour or dede, or ony displesour of body." Abp. 
 Hamilton's Catechism, Fol. 119b. 
 
 In the text this word was printed tyrdnes, but in 
 the Errata corrected to tyritnes, and so it is printed in 
 Law's edition. 
 
 Both tire and tiritness are still used ; but tire is the 
 more common form. 
 
 To TIRL, V. n. To patter, beat, batter. 
 Addit. to TiRL, V. n., q. v. 
 
 " When the wind gowls in the chimney, and the 
 rain tirls on the roof." L. R. Stevenson, Kidnapped, 
 p. 271. 
 
 To TIRVE, V. a. To tear, uncover, strip. V. 
 
 TiRR. 
 
 "The consulis commandit him to be tirvit nakit and 
 skurgit with wandis. . . . The mair this man 
 cryit, the serjand maid him to be the mair hastelie tir- 
 vit of his claithis." Bellend. Livy, b. ii., ch. 23. 
 
 TO, Ta, prep. Regarding, concerning ; in 
 
 opposition to, against. Addit. to To, Ta. 
 
 "Sa, and a man mycht half lauchfuUy luffit his nycht- 
 bouris wyfe, he mycht a fyschit ane cause to his wife, 
 to put hir away and tak ane uther, or sche also quhen 
 sche desyrit ane uther, wald mak faltis to hir husband, 
 to get hir leif." Abp. Hamilton's Catechism, Fol. 72b. 
 
 TO-BOOT, TooBOOT, Tobuit, Taboot, s. 
 
 Excess, addition, diffei'ence in exchange ; 
 
 anything given in excess of an even niffer 
 
 or exchange. A.-S. t6 hSte. 
 
 " Pursued for the sowme of four pond scotis money, 
 and that as theniflfer of ane horse in tooboof." Cors- 
 hill Baron Court Book, Ayr and Wigton Arch. Coll., 
 iv. 91. 
 
 TO-BRIG, Ta-Brig, s. A draw-bridge; 
 also called a fa-hrig, i.e. a fall-bridge. 
 
 " Tubnigge, a draw-bridge ; " Halliwell. 
 
 The name to-brig or ta-brig is mostly applied to a 
 movable bridge over a canal or a railway, constructed 
 of two leaves or sections swung from opposite banks, 
 and joining or locking in the middle. 
 
 TOR, s. A terminal knob or peak, formerly 
 used in the ornamentation of chairs, cradles, 
 canopies, &c. Addit. to Tor, q. v. 
 
TOU 
 
 [325] 
 
 TRY 
 
 Belinkin he rocked, 
 
 And the fause nurse she sang, ; 
 
 Till a' the tores o' the cradle 
 Wi' the red blude down ran. 
 
 Ballad, Lambert Linkin, 1. 43. 
 
 TOUST, TowsT, s. A tax, toll, impost. 
 Errat. in DiCT. 
 
 Delete the entry under this heading in the DiCT. : 
 both definition and etymology are wrong. 2''oust has 
 no connection with towage, and its meaning is not 
 limited to a tax on ships. It primarily meant an im- 
 post or levy, and is formed from 0. Fr. toste, a cor- 
 rupted form of toulte, "an exacting or extorting of sub- 
 sidies ; " Cotgr. The same corruption occurs in O. Fr. 
 inaltoste, a later form of maltoulte, which is explained 
 by Littre, s. v. Maltdte. V. under Malatout. 
 
 In the Reg. Privy Council Scot., vol. vi. (see Index), 
 there are records of tousts for repairing bridges, har- 
 bours, piers, &c. ; and in each case the term is synony- 
 mous with taxation. It is so also in the following quo- 
 tations : 
 
 "And that gif ony towst sould be taken of their 
 guids." Records of Old Dundee, p. 115. 
 
 " From the towst the Perth vessels were to be ex- 
 empted." Ibid., p. 122. 
 
 To TRAIK, V. a. To hinder, prevent, with- 
 hold, restrain. 
 
 "And the King said, 'What traiks albeit ye take 
 off your hat?' and then Mr. Alexander took off his 
 hat." Gowrie Conspiracies, p. 50. 
 
 Dan. treelike, to draw, drag, hinder ; Du. trekhen. 
 
 To TREBUCK, Trabuck, Tribuck, Ter- 
 BUCK, V. n. and a. To make a false move 
 in play ; to check an opponent for making 
 a false move in play, to catch one tripping. 
 
 In these forms this term is still common in the West 
 of Scot. ; and the following statement will illustrate its 
 use. If a person, on making a false move in a game of 
 skill, calls out trebuck or trahuck me before his oppon- 
 ent, he has the right to move again ; but if his opponent 
 is the first to call out trebuck or terbuck you, the player 
 is checked and must pay the forfeit. 
 
 Both as a vb. and as a sb. the word is accented on 
 the second syllable. 
 
 Trebuck, Trabuck, Tribuck, Terbuck, s. 
 A slip or false move in play ; a check or 
 trip in a game of skill. 
 
 O. Fr. trebucher, "to stumble, or trip; to slip; 
 . . . also, to offend, misdoe, mistake ; also, to 
 overweigh, or beare downe by weight ; " Cotgr. 
 
 " Tr6buc]ier dans une affaire, y faire une fausse de- 
 marche ; " Littre. 
 
 TRIBOCHET, s. An engine of war used in 
 the middle ages for throwing great stones. 
 Addit. to Trebuschet, q. v. 
 
 O. Fr. trebuchet, "an old-fashioned engine of wood, 
 from which great and battering stones were most vio- 
 lently throwne." Cotgr. From L. Lat. trebuchetum. 
 
 TROKE, s. Dealing, intercourse, companion- 
 ship ; same as Troking, q. v. Also, palaver, 
 toying, fondling ; as, " Thae twa hae an 
 unco troke wi' ither." Y. Troke, v. 
 With this term cf. Mod. E, truck, to barter. 
 
 TRUAGE, Trouage, Truwage, s. Tribute, 
 gifts, presents ; Sir Tristrem, 1. 947, 992, 
 S. T. S. Addit. to Trewage, q. v. 
 
 0. Fr. truage, treuage, "a toll, custome, tax, imposi- 
 tion ; " Cotgr. From 0. Fr. treud, treut, treu, tribute, 
 from Lat. tributwm ; see Burguy. 
 
 TRUE, s. A pledge, compact, treaty, truce ; 
 
 Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 75, S.T.S. Addit. to 
 
 Trew, q. V. 
 
 A.-S. treowa, truwa, a compact, pledge. In connec- 
 tion with this term it may be noted that the word 
 truce is really a misspelling of trues or trews, pi. of true 
 or treiv, a pledge of truth : from A.-S. tr-edwe, true, 
 
 TRUFINGE,s. Deception; Barbour's Saints, 
 Peter, 1. 242. V. Truff. 
 
 TRUSSELL, TuRSELL, s. The upper or 
 reverse die formerly used in striking or 
 stamping money. 
 
 As the opposite or obverse die was called the pyle, 
 money was said to be stamped or printed with ""pyle 
 and trussell." 
 
 "That thair salbe ane hundreth stane wecht of 
 copper vnmixt with ony vther kynd of mettale, wrocht 
 and forgeit in ane miln, and be the said miln maid 
 reddy to the prenting eftir the accustumat forme of 
 his majesties cunyiehouse, with pyle and tursell, quhair 
 throuch the same be not counterfute." Acts Jamea 
 VL, 1597. 
 
 This phrase was entered in the DiCT. and explained 
 as "pyle and curseU;" but Dr. Jamieson was led inta 
 this mistake by the misprint of cursell for tursell in the 
 1814 ed. of the Scotch Acts, from which he quoted. 
 
 The old method of striking money is thus described 
 by Dr. R. W. Cochran-Patrick, author of The Coinage of 
 Scotland : — "The obverse of the coin was engraved oa 
 a die, which was firmly fixed into a large block of wood. 
 This was called the ' pile ' or ' standard. ' Upon this 
 was placed the prepared piece of metal called the 
 'flan.' The moneyer, holding in his left hand the 
 upper die (or ' trussell ') by a twisted willow, placed it 
 upon the flan, and then struck it firmly with all the 
 force of the hammer held in his right hand." 
 
 This primitive method of coining was continued in 
 Scotland till near the middle of the 17th century. 
 
 0. Fr. troussel, trovsseau, "a troussell ; the vpper 
 yron or mould thats vsed in the stamping of coyne ;" 
 Cotgr. Lit. the trusser, packer, or driver-home : the 
 termination -el denoting instrument. 
 
 TRYNE, s. 1. A train, retinue, company. 
 
 " After that the Quene was somewhat satisfycd of 
 hunting and other pastyme, sche cam to Abirdene, 
 whair the Erie of Huntley met hir and his Lady with 
 no small tryne, remaned in court, was supposed to have 
 the greatest credyte, . . ." Knox, Hist. Scot. 
 Reform., ii., 353, ed. Laing, Wodrow Soc. 
 
 2. Course, conduct or method of dealing, trade, 
 practice, traffic. 
 
 "And als desyring ane ordour to be put amangis the 
 merchandis fraternitie and gild brethir of this burgh 
 for the tryne of merchandice, the giid and commone 
 Weill of the haill merchandis of the realme, . . . 
 tendis als weill to the dayly augmentatioun and incres- 
 sing of the tryne, ordour, and gud reull of merchandice, 
 policy, riches, amite, and gud luf amangis the saidis 
 merchandis and gild brethir. . . . And attour, sail 
 haif power to imput, lift, and rais taxtis and extentia 
 
TUG 
 
 [326] 
 
 UNL 
 
 ... to dispone for the commone werkis and erandis 
 of the forsaidis merchandis and thair successouris, and 
 tryne of merchandis alswell on the partis beyond sey as 
 on this syde." Seal of Cause to Merchants, Burgh 
 Recs. Edinburgh, i., 181-3, Rec. Soc. 
 
 This is simply a form of M. E. train, from 0. Fr. 
 train, "a (great mans) train e, retinue, or followers; 
 . . . also, any way, course, worke, dealing, trade, 
 practise, trafficke vsed, or eutred into ;" Cotgr. It has 
 come from Lat. trahere, to draw, through the L. Lat. 
 trahinere, to drag or trail along. 
 
 To TUG, TuGG, TuiG, v. 1. As a v. a,: to 
 pull, pluck, twitch, tweak, tear ; " He tuggit 
 it to bits." 
 
 2. As Si V. n.: to rend or tear bj pulling : " It 
 tuggis in holes," i.e. it rends, tears, or goes 
 in holes when tugged. 
 
 " Twynit and small, the best of tharae all 
 May weir the claith for woll and threid, 
 Bot iu the walkmill the wedder is ill, — 
 Thir ar nocht drying dayis in deid ; 
 And gif it be watt, I hecht for that, 
 It tuggis in hoUis and gais abbreid. 
 
 R. Stmjde, Bann, MS., p. 356, Hunt. Soc. 
 "Abbreid," asunder, in pieces. 
 
 Tuggit, Tuigit, part. pt. Torn, rent, 
 mangled. 
 
 "To scosche all skynis cuttit, hoUit, or tuigit in the 
 nek." Burgh Recs. Glasgow, 28th Aug., 1613. V. 
 under Scosche. 
 
 The skins here referred to were such as had been 
 damaged by the flesher during the process of flaying. 
 
 In the minutes of the Skinners of Glasgow there is 
 an entry regarding this search for damaged skins in the 
 market ; and, what the above entry calls tuigit, is 
 there called jjiggit, i.e. jobbed, or cut into by the point 
 of the flayer's knife. V. Jog. 
 
 TUMPH, TUMPHIE, S. V. TUMFIE. 
 
 TURSELL, s. A form of Trussell, q. v. 
 
 To TYNE, V. a. To cause to lose or fail ; 
 hence, to thwart, obstruct. To tyne a per- 
 son at law is to cause him to lose his case. 
 Addit. to Tine, Tyne, q. v. 
 
 Is nane so wyiss can him defar, 
 Quhen he proponis furtb ane pie ; 
 Nor yit sa hardy man that dar 
 Sir Penny tyne or dissobey. 
 
 Sir Penny, Bann. MS., p. 410, Hunt. Soc. 
 
 u. 
 
 UIVIGAXG, s. Circuit, bounds, extent. 
 
 Addit. to Ungang, Ungang, q. v. 
 
 " Becaus the said hous, smedy, orchard, and yarde 
 ar within the yettis and umgang and wallis of the said 
 abbay." Crossraguel Charters, i. 63, Ayr and Wigton 
 Arch. Coll. 
 
 UNBRACHTE, Ynbrachte, adj. Un- 
 matched, unvoked, unattached; Leslie, 
 Hist. Scot., p.'lOi, S.TS. 
 
 Prefix un-, not ; and hrachte, braced, matched, 
 yoked, from O. Fr. brace, the two arms ; hence a brace, 
 a grasp, yoke. See Skeat's Etym. Diet., s. v. Brace. 
 
 TJNDERLOWT, Vnderlowte, s. Under- 
 ling, inferior, servant. V. UndekLOUT, adj. 
 
 To thole for Criste as vnderlowte. 
 
 Barbour's Saints, Peter, 1. 128. 
 
 UNDERN, s. V. DicT. 
 
 To the entry under this heading in Suppl. add the 
 following. 
 
 The etym. for this term given under the form 
 Orntren in Diet, is confused and unsatisfactory. It 
 does not account for the different meanings which the 
 term has borne, nor the different periods of the day 
 which it has been used to represent. In A.-S. times 
 undern meant the third hour, (i.e. about nine a.m.), or 
 a meal taken at that time ; later, it meant a part of 
 the forenoon, or a forenoon meal ; and still later, a 
 period between noon and sunset, or an afternoon re- 
 past. Now by deriving the term from A.-S. tinder, 
 which originally meant between, like Germ, unter, all 
 this becomes clear : nndern then means the intervening 
 period, and may be applied to any time of the day ; 
 and the different applications of the term may safely 
 
 be referred to the changes that have taken place in the 
 social habits of the people. 
 
 UNDOLVIN, Vndolyine, adj. Unburied ; 
 Barbour's Saints, Peter, 1. 198. V. Dolven, 
 Dollyne. 
 
 UNICORN HORN, Unicorne Horne, s. 
 The horn of the narwhal was so called. It 
 was used as a test of the presence of poison 
 in meat or drink. 
 
 "Item, a serpent toung and ane viiicorne horne set 
 in gold." Accts. L. H. Treas. i. 84, Dickson. 
 
 " Under this name the horn of the narwhal was 
 much valued in the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth 
 centuries, on account of its reputed superiority to all 
 other tests of the presence of poison in meat or drink. 
 It occurs in most inventories of mediaeval plate, either 
 mounted with gold, silver, and jewels as an 4preiive, or 
 set in fragments in drinking cups and other vessels. " 
 Ibid., Gloss. 
 
 UNJORNAIT, Uniornait, adj. Without 
 
 being summoned to appear in court on a 
 
 particular day. V. Jornat. 
 
 In 1542 King James V. granted to Hector M'Clane 
 of Dowart and 40 of his friends or others permission to 
 go and come to the King at Edinburgh or elsewhere 
 from the 24th of Feb. to the 25th May, " vnhurt, vn- 
 harmit, vnattechit, vnarrestit, vniornait, vncallit, vn- 
 persewit, vnwexit, vndistrublit." Orig. Paroch., ii., 
 pt. 1, p. 310. 
 
 UNLACED, Unlaissit, Vnlaissit, adj. Un- 
 girded, unharnessed. 
 
UNR 
 
 [327] 
 
 WAR 
 
 Sail neiier my likame be laid vnlaissit to sleip, 
 Quhill I haue gart yone berne bow, 
 As I haue made myne avow. 
 
 Ool. and Oaw., st. 23. 
 
 UNRIDE, Unryde, adj. V. Uxrede. 
 
 UNSPEIRD, Unspeirt, Vnsperd, adj. Un- 
 asked, unquestioned ; also as an adv. without 
 asking or making enquiry, as, " I fand the 
 gait unspeird ; " without being asked to do it, 
 as, " He did it imspeirt." V. Spere, Speir. 
 
 UNWYN, s. Pain, suffering, sorrow. V.WlN. 
 A.-S. un, neg. part., and wyn, pleasure, delight. 
 
 UNYERDIT, Vnyerdet, adj. Unburied. 
 
 V. YiRD, V. 
 
 UPSPRING, Vpspring, s. Offspring, off- 
 shoot. 
 
 " Princes are haldne in hichest digrie, and worthilie, 
 because thay ar sa neir vpspring of the liingis blude." 
 Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 112, S.T.S. 
 
 To UPTRIM, Vptrim, v. a. To adorn, em- 
 bellish ; Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 117, S.T.S. 
 
 V. 
 
 VERDOUR, s. V. SUPPL. 
 
 To the entry under this heading add — 
 "That is to say, three verdour beds, and an arras 
 bed, three pairs of sheets, . . . two verdour beds, 
 a pair of fustian blankets, a ruff and curtains," etc. 
 Orig. Paroch., i. 184-5. 
 
 VICE, s. A screw ; applied also to various 
 articles fitted or worked with a screw : thus, 
 the screw of a press, and a screw-press are 
 each called a vice ; also, a screwed cap or 
 stopper for a flask is so named. Addit. to 
 Vyse, q. V. 
 
 "Flagones of glase with vices covered with leather, 
 the dozen . . . xii li." Rates of Customs, &c., 
 1612, Halyburton's Ledger, p. 305. 
 
 VITTALIjAR, s. a provision-ship, store- 
 ship. V. Victual. 
 
 " The navy was such as never was sein to come fra 
 France, for the supporte of Scotland ; for besydis the 
 galayis, being twenty twa in noniber, thei had thre- 
 scoir great schippis, besydis vittallaris." Knox, Hist. 
 Reform. Scot., i., 216, ed. Laing, Wodrow Soc. 
 
 VUIR, adj. A form of uvir, upper ; Leslie, 
 Hist. Scot., p. 14. V. UvER. 
 
 W. 
 
 WA, s. A wave ; pi. wais, waves. 
 
 " Oft fleitande with gret surges and wanes like the 
 wais of the sey." Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 30, S.T.S. 
 
 To WAIRN, V. a. To give notice; to 
 summon : part. pr. ivairnin, used also as a s. 
 V. [Warn]. 
 
 In the south and west of S. warn is commonly so 
 pronounced. 
 
 WAITSKATH, Wateskathe, s. Lit., 
 watchscathe, in the sense of dread or shun 
 injury, and hence equal to coward, craven. 
 V. [Wate]. 
 
 So saw he cumand a littill than from thence 
 A worthy doctour of diuinitie, 
 Freir Wolf Waitskath, in science wondrous sle, 
 To preche and pray was new cum of clostir. 
 With beidis in hand sayand his Paternoster. 
 
 Henryson, Fox and Wolf, 1. 54. 
 
 To WALK, Wakk, Wauk, v. a. and n. V. 
 
 DiCT. 
 
 This entry should be arranged thus :— To Wakk, 
 Wauk, Walk ; for the form ivalk is a variant or false 
 
 form of the other two. The apparent Ik of MSS. is 
 really a contracted form of kk, and represents kk or uh 
 according as the preceding vowel is sounded short or 
 long. A similar arrangement should be followed with 
 the derivative forms Walkin, Walken, and Walkrife. 
 For further explanation see under Polk and Bolk in 
 Suppl. 
 
 WAND AND, part. adj. Timorous, shy, 
 backward. V. Wandys. 
 
 Be nocht our hamely in to presenss. 
 Nor yit our wandand in to secreit wiss. 
 
 Mersar, Bann. MS. p. 604, 1. 10. 
 A.-S. wandian, to fear : M. E. wandien. 
 
 WANE, s. Crowd, band, company. Addit. 
 to Wane, q. v. 
 
 With that ther cam an arrowe hastely, 
 
 forthe off a myghtte ivane ; 
 Hit hathe strekene the yerle Duglas 
 
 In at the brest-bane. 
 
 Chevy Chase, 1. 74. 
 
 To WAR, Waur, v. a. To excel, exceed, 
 beat ; to requite evil with evil, as, " I'll war 
 ye as muckle for that ere long," i.e., I'll re- 
 
WAW 
 
 [328] 
 
 YOU 
 
 pay you for that ill-turn before long. Addit. 
 to War, q. v. 
 
 ' ' Bot Wigtoune waris the vthir 2 baith in citizenis 
 and riches." Leslie, Hist. Scot., p. 13, S.T.S. 
 
 WAWSPER, Wauspek, s. V. Wawsper. 
 
 For the note under this heading in Suppl. substitute 
 the following : — 
 
 All these forms are still in use : they are merely 
 corruptions of warpspear, more correctly ivorpspear, a 
 spear for casting or striking, applied to a fish-spear, and 
 especially to a leister or salmon-spear. 
 
 O. Du. loorpspere, werjjspere, a javelin : from worpen, 
 later loerpen, to throw, cast, strike ; andspere, a spear. 
 
 WEEBIS, Webis, Weibis, Wybis, s. Rag- 
 wort. Addit. to Weebo, q. v. 
 
 Prob. from Gael, u'lbe, a mass, clump ; uibeach, 
 massy, clumpy ; and so called on account of its shape 
 and manner,of growth. 
 
 WEIRLIE, Veirlie, adj. Warlike, given to 
 war, fierce, turbulent: "a weirlie peple," Les- 
 lie, Hist. Scot., p. 14; ^^ weirlie armies," 
 Ibid., p. 72. V. Weir, Werely. 
 
 WENE, s. V. Wane. 
 
 To WERN, Werne, v. a. To refuse. V. 
 Warne. 
 
 To WERP, V. 
 Douglas, II., 
 Warp. 
 
 a. To cast, throw, utter; 
 252, 26, ed. Small. V. 
 
 WEYNG, s. A wing : pi. weyngis ; Barbour's 
 Saints, Peter, 1. 562. 
 Icel. vcBngr, a wing ; Dan. and Swed. vinge. 
 
 To WHIP-THE-CAT, v. To go from house 
 to house to work ; the expression is still ap- 
 plied to jobbing or itinerant tailors. 
 
 The custom of lohipping the cat was in former years 
 very common both in Eng. and Scot. ; but it is now 
 comparatively seldom followed except in remote country 
 districts. The expression is still used in Prov. Eng. 
 See Halliwell and Webster. 
 
 WOK, WOLK, WOLKE, S. 
 
 Wok, Wouk, Woulh. 
 
 A week. V. 
 
 WOULK, WOULKE, WOLK, WOLKE, S. A 
 
 week. V. Wouk, Wouke. 
 
 These are merely scribal or MS. forms of tcouk, 
 woukke, wokk, tcokke. The apparent Ik of MSS. is really 
 a contracted form of kk, and represents kk or uk accor- 
 ding as the preceding vowel is sounded short or long. 
 See under Walk, Wakk, Wauk, above. 
 
 Y. 
 
 To YACHLE, Yauchle, v. n. To walk in 
 an awkward, shuffling manner, like a person 
 with loose joints : hence, to walk with diffi- 
 culty ; part. pr. yachlin, yauchlin, used also 
 as an adj. and a s. West of S. 
 
 YOUNG, YoNG, adj. Youngest ; and simi- 
 larly aid is used for oldest : as, " the young 
 son and the aid ane." 
 
BY PRIVATE SUBSCRIPTION. 
 
 Impression, 400 Copies Demy Quarto, and 100 Royal Quarto on What- 
 man's Paper. Each Copy Signed and Numbered. 
 
 UNIFORM WITH JAMIESON'S SCOTTISH DICTIONARY. 
 
 Re-issue and Completion 
 
 of 
 
 Chalmers ' Caledonia 
 
 as 
 
 HE welcome accorded to the Publisher's re-issue of Jamieson's 
 Scottish Dictionary proves that there is a widely prevalent 
 desire to possess good texts of works that may be regarded 
 national in their interest and importance. He is therefore en- 
 couraged by the success of Jamieson to venture on a similar under- 
 taking — the republication of George Chalmers' C^lCbOnia. At the 
 time when the distinguished Scottish Lexicographer was occupied in the 
 preparation of his national Dictionary, another patriotic worker, equally 
 qualified for the department which he undertook, was engaged in the cog- 
 nate task of recording and illustrating the History and Topography of his 
 native Scotland, and bringing to bear upon it as much sound learning, 
 earnest zeal, and patient labour as Jamieson was devoting to the Scottish 
 Language. It is not a little to the credit of the Northern Kingdom that 
 she possessed at the same time two such sons, qualified and willing to 
 rear for themselves memorials so conservative of the past and valuable 
 for the future as the Scottish Dictionary and the (^alC^O^la. Each 
 of these works may be regarded as the complement of the other, and no 
 Library possessing a Scottish department can afford to dispense witK 
 
either. They mark an important era in the national history. The time 
 at which they appeared was one of transition, when old landmarks, of 
 Language and of Topography alike, were being effaced by the rapid march 
 of modern progress. Although, as w-e gather from the Dissertation on the 
 Scottish Language prefixed to the Dictionary, and from other sources, 
 the two writers were by no means agreed in their opinions as to certain 
 points common to both undertakings, each was successful in producing 
 a work which in many respects can neither be improved nor superseded. 
 Not a few features of Scottish Language and Scottish Localities familiar 
 to our fathers would have disappeared for ever but for the preservative 
 labours of Jamieson and Chalmers. The old order has given place to the 
 new, but as we turn over the pages of these writers the past rises before 
 us in vivid and comprehensive, yet minute, detail. 
 
 George Chalmers was a voluminous author, but his great work was 
 the CnlCbOnia. It is not too strong a statement to affirm that every 
 important work on Scottish History or Topography published since it 
 appeared refers to Chalmers and owes not a little to his labour. Enter- 
 ing on a field which had been opened up by Father Innes and John 
 Pinkerton, and freely availing himself of their researches, he discovered 
 many treasures which to them were unknown and inaccessible, ^nd accumu- 
 lated a store of information which is as complete for Scotland as is the 
 ^reat work of Camden — with which the CBlCbOUia has often been com- 
 pared — for England. Indeed, as Allan Cunningham testified, " In deep 
 research and heaping together of matter, the Britannia of Camden fades 
 away before it." No student of Scotland's Family or Local History, of its 
 Institutional or Archaeological Records, or of its Ecclesiastical and Civil 
 History and Topography, can afford to dispense with the results of the 
 immense labour and research contained in this work. Later w^riters may 
 have dissented from the Celtic theories of Chalmers or disputed some of 
 his conclusions, but none have questioned his ability, his unwearied in- 
 dustry, his painstaking study of authorities or the scrupulous desire for 
 accuracy of statement, which he brought to bear upon his w^ork. 
 
 Unlike Jamieson, Chalmers did not live either to complete the work he 
 set before him, which was to review the entire field of Scottish History, 
 Antiquities and Topography, or even to see in print all that he had 
 prepared for the press. Three volumes only were published which 
 treat of the Counties South of the Forth, and these are aU that have 
 hitherto been available to the general student; but it is well known 
 that a considerable amount of manuscript, perhaps even more interesting 
 
and important than any of the volumes pubhshed, has lain since the 
 Author s death on the shelves of the Advocates' Library. It is some- 
 what remarkable and scarcely creditable to the Book-printing Clubs and 
 Publishers of Scotland that so valuable a manuscript has not been printed 
 before now. Mr. Allibone, in his Dictionm^y of Authors, in referring to 
 Chalmers, expresses a desire which has often been felt when he asks : 
 *' Will it be thought impertinent in an American to urge one of the 
 Literary Clubs which do such credit to Great Britain to worthily dis- 
 tinguish itself by publishing the remaining manuscripts of this great 
 work ?" 
 
 To this desire the Publisher now proposes to give effect by publishing 
 Chalmers' (TalCDOUia in Complete Form. 
 
 With this object he has made application to the Curators of the 
 Advocates' Library for permission to print the unpublished portion of the 
 CnlCbOni^, and he is glad to be able to announce that they have given 
 their consent in a very cordial way. 
 
 It is intended to issue the work in (probably seven) convenient volumes 
 of 500 pages each. References to the pages of Chalmers are so frequent 
 in the more recent historical and topographical works on Scotland that it 
 has been decided to retain the original pa^m^. 
 
 In paper, typography, and general appearance, the new edition will be 
 similar to the recent re-issue of Jajmieson's Dictionary, and will in these 
 respects be a great improvement on the first. 
 
 Much of the value of the original issue of the (TnlCbOUlH was lost 
 through the absence of a complete Index ; and the trouble of hunting 
 up special information through its pages has often been complained of. 
 To obviate this a complete classified and analytical INDEX will, in 
 the new edition, be added to the entire work, and every care taken to 
 make the work easily available for reference. 
 
 The large Map and Plates of the original will be carefully reproduced. 
 
 The copies offered for subscription will be strictly limited to 400 Demy 
 4to, at 25s. per vol., and 100 Royal 4to, on Whatman's Paper, at 40s. 
 per vol. No special edition will be printed for America, the Colonies, or 
 the Continent. The Foreign, as well as the Home Supply, must, there- 
 fore, be drawn from the above number, and it is reasonable to anticipate 
 that, as soon as the announcement of the issue reaches the book-buying 
 community, the entire impression will be at once taken up. 
 
 ALEXANDER GARDNER, PUBLISHER, PAISLEY.