LITERATURE -AND- THE PENSION- LIST W ■ MORRIS ■ COLLES THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES bl. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. AN INVESTIGATION Cwttbxtcfctr f0it t^|c iC^o THE ORIGIN OF THE PENSION LIST. On February iSth, 1834, an important Resolution was moved in the House of Commons by Lord Althorp, then Chancellor of the Exchequer, and passed. It was as follows : ' That it appears from papers before the House that, upon the accession of his late Majesty, the charge for pensions on the Civil List of England and Ireland, the hereditary revenue of Scotland, and the four and a half p.r cent, duties stood as follows : England - - - ^74,200 Ireland - - - - 67,377 Scotland - - - 37,191 Four and a half per cents. 24,290 ^203,058 That on the accession of his present Majesty the charges I 2 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. of an analogous nature amounted to the following sums : England ... ^74,200 Ireland - - - - 51.^55 Scotland . . _■ 30,467 Four and a half per cents. 25,122 ^180,944 That his present most gracious Majesty having placed at the disposal of Parliament his Majesty's interest in the hereditary revenues in the droits of the Crown and of the Admiralty, as well as the casual revenues, both within the United Kingdom and in his Majesty's foreign possessions, two Acts were passed by which the Legisla- ture, in proof of dutiful attachment, assigned a Civil List for the life of his most gracious Majesty, and raised further charges on the Consolidated Fund, thus pro- viding for the honour and the dignity of the Crown and for the support of the civil Government. That under these Acts a sum of ^75,000 was fixed as the amount of the pensions on the Civil List of his Majesty, the balance of the existing pensions being otherwise provided for, by wliich arrangement, on termination of the existing interests, the whole charge of the pensions, except the charge on the Civil List, will become a saving to the public, and the charge for the pensions, which is now ^44,263 below its amount in 1820, will be reduced eventually to ^75,000, being ^138,058 below that sum. ' That, under the provisions of these Acts, the charge on the public has already been reduced, since the LITER A rURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 3 accession of his present most gracious Majesty, by the sum of ;^ 1 2, 149, and ihat the farther reduction of the expenditure to the sum hmited by the Civil List Acts is progressive, and has been fixed by law. ' That it is the bounden duty of the responsible advisers of the Crown to recommend to his Majesty for grants of pensions on the Civil List such persons only os have just claims on the royal beneficejice, or 7uho, by their personal services to the Crown by the perfonnaiice of duties to the public^ or who, by their useful discoveries in science and attainments in literature and the arts, have merited the gracious consideration of their Sovereign and the gratitude of their country.^ It will be perceived from the words in italics that the Resolution left open a very wide interpretation as to the appropriation of any sum which might be set apart fur the Pension list. Pensions might be awarded (i) To persons who have just claim on the Royal beneficence — a clause open to very wide ap- plication — e.g., to the Sovereign's private ser- vants. (2) To personal servants of the Crown who havc; done eminent public service. (3) To persons who have advanced Science, Art, ard Literature. We should, therefore, consider the pensions actually awarded in the first year or two after the passing of the Resolution in order to ascertain the interpretation put upon it by Sir Robert Peel (who resigned on April 6th, 1835), and by Lord Melbourne, who followed him. Now in the year 1835 there were added to the list I — 2 4 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. the following names, all connected with Science and Literature : Richarda Airey (wife of the Astronomer Royal) - ;^3oo Mary Somerville (the well-known authoress of the ' Connection of the Physical Sciences ') - 300 Robert Southey* ------ 300 James Montgomery - - - - - - 150 Sharon Turner ------- 200 With the accession of Queen Victoria yet a further change was made. The Committee of Inquiry, which was, as a matter of course, appointed on the demise of the Crown, recommended ' that in place of granting a sum of ;^75,ooo for Civil List pensions, her Majesty should be empowered to grant in every year new pen- sions to the amount of ^1,200, these pensions to be granted in strict conformity with the resolution of the House of Commons of the iSth February, 1834.' The object of this change was, of course, increased economy. In the place of a fixed charge of ^75,000, a yearly grant which was estimated to be equivalent to ^19,871 perpetual annuity seemed to possess obvious advantages. The recommendations of the Committee of 1837 were given effect to by i Vict. c. 2, and the Civil List for which her Majesty gave up her life interest in * In the Pension List published in 1830, Southey is credited with a pension of ^155 2S., granted on 31st March, 1807, that is, in the first week of the Portland Administration. He was made Laureate in 1813. His pension was amongst those charged in 1832 on the Consolidated Fund, and this pension on the Civil List Fund, granted in 1835, ^^^s additional. In the Report on Pensions, 183S, the amount is given as ;i^455. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 5 the hereditary revenues of the Crown was fixed as follows : 1. Privy Purse - - - . ^60,000 2. Salaries of Household - - 131,260 3. Expenses of Household - - 172,500 4. Royal Bounty, etc. - - - 13,000 5. Pensions (^1,200 a year) 6. Unappropriated - - - 8,040 ;^^385>ooo Section 5 of the statute, which still governs the law as to pensions on the Civil List, runs : ' And whereas it is expedient to make provision, at the rate of one thousand two hundred pounds a year, for each and every succeeding year of her Majesty's reign, to defray the charge of such pensions as may be granted by her Majesty, chargeable on her Majesty's Civil List revenues, be it therefore enacted that it shall be lawful for the Lord High Treasurer, or for the Com- missioner of her Majesty's Treasury for the time being, to charge upon and issue quarterly out of the said Con- solidated Fund, as an addition to the sum hereby granted for her Majesty's Civil List, such sums as shall be re- quired to defray the charge of such pensions as may be granted as aforesaid, at the rate of one thousand two hundred pounds a year, for the first year of her Majesty's reign, and at the like additional yearly rate for the second and every succeeding year of her said reign.' And Section 6 goes on : 'And whereas it was resolved by the Commons House of Parliament on the eighteenth day of February, 1834, 6 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. That it is the bounden duty of the responsible advisers of the Crown to recommend to his Majesty for grants of pensions on the Civil List such persons only as have just claims on the royal beneficence, or who by their personal services to the Crown, by the performance of duties to the public, or by their useful discoveries in science and attainments in literature and the arts, have merited the gracious consideration of their Sovereign and the grati- tude of their country, And whereas it is expedient that provision should be made by law for carrying into full effect the said resolution, and for giving an assurance to Parliament that all responsible advisers of the Crown have acted in conformity therewith, be it enacted that the pensions which may hereafter be charged upon the Civil List revenues shall be granted to such persons only as have just claims on the royal beneficence, or who by their personal services to the Crown, by the performance of duties to the public, or by their useful discoveries in science or attainments in literature and the arts, have merited the gracious consideration of their Sovereign and the gratitude of their country, and that a list of all such pensions granted in each year ending the 20th day of June shall be laid before Parliament within thirty days after the said 20th day of June in each year; if Parlia- ment shall not be then sitting, then within thirty days after the next meeting of Parliament.' IL PREVIOUSLY EXISTING PENSIONS. A Committee appointed by Lord Melbourne in 1837 to inquire into the consideration for which the then LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 7 existing pensions had been granted, in the following year issued a most elaborate Report. We find them, it is true, much more occupied with arithmetical calculations as to the probable future totals of the Civil Pension List, than with considerations as to the principle which should govern these grants. But they go on to con- gratulate the House ' that the principles upon which Civil List pensions shall hereafter be granted are now, for the first time, distinctly stated and adopted by Parliament, and that complete and immediate responsibility is ensured by re- (juiring the list of pensions granted to be laid annually be- fore the House of Commons.' The chief value of their labour lies, however, in the instructive analysis of the Pension List appended to the Report. All existing pensions referred to them, that is, those on the Civil List and those on the Consolidated Fund,* were classed under ihe twelve heads: i. Army; 2. Navy; 3. Diplomatic; 4. Judicial and legal ; 5. Political ; 6. Civil and revenue ; 7. Colonial ; 8. Services to royal family and in household; 9. Rewards for literary and scientific services ; 10. Royal bounty and charity; 11. Compensation for forfeited estates; 12. Miscellaneous. The object of this classifica- tion was, we may add, if possible, to satisfy public opinion, not to lay down any rules for future guidance. It was certainly never intended that the formation of the ninth class, which is very meagre and mixed, * On the accession of W'Uiam IV'., ihe pensions were limited in amount to ^75,000, and the balance over and above this sum boldly- carried over 10 the Consolidated Fund by the rough and ready ex- ])edient of putting on the Civil List the pensioners from A to H, and on the Consolidated Fund tho'^e from H to Z. This gave the jniblic the benefit of those pensions which fell in from those charged on the Consolidated Fund, and the Crown the advantage of the vacancies which occurred in those payable from the Civil List. 8 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. should in any way be regarded as a precedent. These pensions had for the most part been admittedly granted when the system was at its worst. Jobs and scandals were disclosed, if not, as the Committee remarked, in such numbers as was expected, at any rate to a sufficient extent to amply justify the changes which had been effected in the law. But no one, judging by this Schedule, would suspect for a moment that any attempt had been made to put the newly-defined principles into practice. Thus the ninth class contains only sixty-four names, and the total charge amounts only to ^9,204, that is, for the year 1838, out of a total of ^^138,751, in- clusive, of course, in both cases, of all pensions trans- ferred to the Consolidated Fund, as well as those on the Civil List. Fifty years ago, then, it was con- clusively established that not a fifteenth of the Court pensioners were connected with 'literary or scientific eminence, and with useful inventions and attainments in the arts.' Besides those added by Sir Robert Peel and Lord Melbourne in 1835, and others whose names we have already mentioned, it.'fi great names appear on this roll of pensioners. Here, however, is John Dalton (^300) ; the author of the ' Atomic Theory ' could hardly even in that thankless age have been left to die without re- cognition. Here, too, is Michael Faraday (^300), whose widow and niece were also pensioned in 1868 ; and Ann Grant, then in her eighty-third year (^98), a pension which was granted at the instance of Sir Walter Scott and Lord Jeffrey. James Ivory (^300), the mathematician, is even not yet forgotten. Dr. John Jamieson (p^ioo) LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 9 died while the committee was silting, and had, therefore, enjoyed his pension, which was granted by Grey in 1833, in acknowledgment chiefly of his Scotch Dictionary, for only two years. Then here are the names of Mary Russell Mitford (^100), whose four volumes of 'Our Village ' appeared 1S24-1832 ; of Thomas Moore (;;/^3oo), then fifty-seven ; of Sir William Ouseley (^100), the great Orientalist, then seventy-two ; of the daughter-in-law and grandchildren of Archdeacon Paley (^200), whose ' View of the Evidences of Christianity ' appeared in 1794, and who died in 1805 ; of the widow of Professor Robinson (;^i84), who was employed by Government to make an experimental voyage with Harrison's chronometer, but never received any remuneration for his labours ; of Sir James South (^300), who offered to build a second National Observatory, and endow it with his own magni- ficent instruments ; and of the daughter of Professor Dugald Stewart (^200), whose pension was granted by Earl Grey, i8th November, 1834, a few days before Sir Robert Peel was sent for. Here, again, is an entry of curious interest : ' Wren, Constantia Maria, age 70, ^61. ' Daughter of the grandson of Sir Christopher Wren ; her father served in the army for forty years, having been present at the battles of Dettingen and Fontenoy.'* Here is another entry which is suggestive : ' Young, Ann, age 64, £^ ; Janet, age 60, ^9 ; Margaret, age 58, £^;—£2i. * It appears from the Irish Pension List, published in 1830, that this pension was granted on 6th Februa-y, 1784, that is, during the first Pitt Administration and Grattan's Pa'-liament. The Irish Royal Revenues on which it was charged were, however, then at the exclusive disposal of the King. lo LITERATURE AND THE TENSION LIST. 'Daughters of Dr. Young, who, in 1793, published a volume of essays which by the Government of the day was thought to have a useful effect; he died in 1806, when his widow received a pension ; upon her death these pensions were granted to her children.'''' The name of Harriet Maturin (^43), widow of the Rev. Charles R. INIaturin, reminds us of the last of the ' Monk ' Lewis School of Story-tellers ; Martha Drysdale (_;^49) was rewarded as the niece of Robert Hugh Blair, author of the immortal sermons.t Here, too, are the granddaughters of Robinson, the historian (;^64) ; the four daughters of Bishop Dickson, of Down (^507); the six daughters of Bishop Halifax, of Gloucester (^288) ; the widow of Bishop Lloyd, of Oxford (_;^20o) ; the widow of Bishop Young, of Clonfert (^200): the daughters of Dr. Kirwan, the famous Dublin preacher (;^266) ; and Martha Pye (^60), the widow of Henry James Pye, the most obscure of Poets Laureate. HL DOUBLE PURPOSE OF THE PENSION LIST. The wording first of the Resolution and next of the Act of 1837 clearly contemplated the granting of pensions as a distinction and a mark of national gratitude for personal services, without any question of want or destitution at all. And in many instances a pension has been * These pensions are in the Scotch Pension List, published in 1830, dated 13th September, 1810, and were therefore granted during the Perceval Administration. t This pension we find was granted on the Scotch List on 28th November, 1803, that is, during the Addington Administration. LITERATURE AND THE PEXSION LIST. ii awarded with that intention. Southey, for instance, when he received his pension in the year 1835, was already Poet Laureate and had besides another pension. But of late years, as will be seen, this view of a pension has gradually dropped out, so that practically the only consideration now before the Government is whether the proposed recipient is really possessed of slender means, supposing that he possesses the olher necessary qualifications. The Pension List, in other words, no longer recognises per- sonal services unless the recipient is in straightened means. This seems reasonable. The money of the nation ought not to be given to those whose incomes are sufiicient for their wants. In art and science of late years some steps have been taken towards the recognition of important service in the manner commonly followed in the army and navy and in the diplomatic service, namely, by titles. In literature two distinguished writers have been raised to the peerage, and one or two have been created knights during the Queen's reign. Whetlier the practice should be more widely adopted, whether titles ought to be conferred upon men of letters and science as liberally as upon men of the combatant services, is a question into which we need not enter. Walter Scott, it is certain, received no additional honour when he was created a baronet. But the honour marked the gratitude of the country. At present, however, a man of letters looks to the extended circulation of his books, and the influence of his works is the highest honour he can look for or should desire. If, however, as may happen, the best work and the most lasting influence are not accompanied by wealth, he will become a proper applicant for a pension, according to the wording of the Resolution. In spite of 12 LIIEKATCRE AND THE PENSION LIST. the looseness of this wording, which may be held to give some colouring to outside appointments, the country at large regards the grant as sacred to Art, Science, and Literature. IV. THE VICTORIAN ADMINISTRATION OF THE TRUST. Return of all pensions granted and charged upon the Civil List, in accordance with the Act i Vict. c. 2, with the grounds upon which such pensions have been granted. 1838. JMarcJi 14. Sydney Morgan* -..-.- _;^3oo April 7. William Wallace ------ 300 June 20. Sarah Mears (now Hughes) ... 40 December 17. Six children of James and Anne Gibbons - - - 5° In consideration of their destitute state, their father having lost his life in the execution of his duty as chief constable of police in Ireland, their mother having also since died. January \~. Eliza MacArthur, wife of Dr. Alexander Mac Arthur, late superintendent of model schools, and inspector of the Dublin district under the Commissioners of National Education in Ireland . . - . - 200 In consideration of his having been attacked by mental derangement, which his medical attendants attribute solely to his unbounded exertions for the national system of education, and to its laborious official details. March 25. LlEL'TENANT-Coi.ONEL GURWOOD - - - - 200 In consideration of the eminent services rendered to the public by the publication of the despatches of the Duke of Wellington. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 13 1839. ^/''^'^ 23. Anna Maria Plunkett, widow of William Plunkett, Esq., late Deputy Chairman of Excise - - - - ;i^ioo In consideration of the vakiable and important services rendered by Mr. Plunkett during 30 years, and of his death having been brought on, after a very short iUness, by his unremitting and laborious exertions as Deputy Chairman of Excise. June iS. Mary Banim, daughter of John Banim, Esq., author of several works of imagination and poetry - - - 40 In consideration of his suffering under severe illness, which has deprived him of reason, and threatens shortly to deprive him of life ; and of the distress to which his wife and daughter will be reduced by his death. November 20. Sir John Newport, Bart. ----- 1,000 In consideration of the zealous and efficient services rendered by him to the public during a period of nearly half a century, within which time he filled the offices of Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland and Controller- General of the Exchecjuer of the United Kingdom. The latter office he resigned in consequence of his great age and infirmities. December 31. Hannah, Caroline, and William Aldridge - - 25 The widow and children of William Aldridge, a meri- torious police officer, who was murdered at Deptford whilst in the execution of his duty. 1840. April 23. Mary Lander ------ 75 In consideration of the science, zeal, and courage dis- played by her husband, the late John Lander, in a hazardous expedition into the interior of Africa for the extension of knowledge, in which expedition his life fell a sacrifice to his exertions. James Browne, LL.D. . - . . - 100 Member of the Faculty of Advocates at Edinburgh. In consideration of his literary attainments. [uly 23. Rev. Henry Barez - . . . . 100 Teacher of German. In consideration of the services rendered by him to her Majesty during her education. 14 LITER ATURl: AND THE PENSION LIS'J'. 1840. SiG.NOR Giuseppe GiAZZARONi . - . . ^^^^o Teacher of ItaLan. For like .services. JoH.N' Bernard .Salk, Esq. . - - - - loo Teacher of singing. For like sei vices. Thomas Steward ------ loo Teacher of ".vritinjr. For like services. Mo.NSiEUR Fkan(^')is Graxdineau - - - lOO Teacher of French. For like services. Mrs. Lucy Anderson ----- loo Teacher of Music. For like services. Madajie Sarah Maiilda Bourdin - - - ico Teacher of dancing. For like services; St'/tc/iiber 9. Henry Williams ------ 20 Ironmonger, of Newport, Monmouth. In considera- tion of his services as a special constable during the late riots there, when he received several wounds. Thomas Walker ------ 20 Of Newport, Monmouth, innkeeper. For like ser- vices. Edward Morgan ------ 20 Of Newport, Monmouth, thaper. For like services. 1841. March 17. Peter Warren Dease, Esq. - - . - 100 Chief Factor in the service of the Hudson's Bay Com- pany. In consideration of the personal danger and fatigue undergone by him in geographical discoveries on the northern coast of America. June 7. Elizabeth Devereux Kennedy and Axna Maria Kennedy ------- 100 Daughters of .Sir Robert Kennedy, late Commissary- General. In consideration of his long and arduous ser- vice of 38 years on various parts of the Continent of Europe, during which he was shipwrecked and taken prisoner ; and the uniform accuracy with which the immense amount of money passing through his hands was accounted for. George Bukgks, Esq. . - . . . 100 In consideration of his services in the advancement tof learning, as the editor and publisher of \arious works of Greek liteiature. LirEKATUNE AND THE PENSION LIST. 15 1841. TiiOiMAs Weustek, p]sq. . . . . - ^50 Fellow uf the Geological Society, and Corresponding Member of the Natural History Society of Paris. In consideration of his meritorious anil successful exertions in promoting the science of geokigy. Rev. Thomas Kiud, jNI.A. ----- 100 Of Trinity Colleije, Cambridge. In consideration of his services in the advancement of learning, as the editor and publisher of various works of classical literature. June 17. Benjamin Thorpe, Esq. - - - - - 40 In consideration of his services rendered to litera'ure, particularly in the Anglo-Saxon language ; in addition to the pension of £^ii>o per annum formerly granted to him. July 23. Snow Harris, Esq. - . - . . 300 In consideration of his services in the cultivation of science, and more especially for his diligence in the in- vestigation ol electrical phenomena. August 3. Miss Sophie Wynyard ----- 200 In consideration of the long and faithful services ren- dered by her to the Royal Family, as well as her im- poverished circumstances. Aui^nst 30. Dame Catherine Jeremie . - . . 200 To Sir Thomas PVnvell Buxton, Bart., and George Faillie, Esq., in trust for her, as the widow of Sir John Jeremie, Knight. In consideration of the activity and usefulness displayed by him in the execution of his duties in several capacities in the Colonies, and of his death in the public service when Governor of Sierra Leone. John Anster, LL.D. . . - . . 150 In consideration of the successful application of his talents to the cultivation of literature. Rev. Henry Francis Cary .... 200 For like services. August 31. Mrs. Eliza Anne James ----- 100 Widow of the author of ' James's Naval History of Great Britain.' In consideration of the able manner in which the achievements of the British Navy have been recorded in that work. 1 6 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1841. Miss Margaret Clapperton . . . . ^50 Sister of Major Clapperton, the celebrated African traveller, who lost his life while engaged in exploring the interior of that quarter of the world. In consideralicjn of the great additions that were made by him to geographical knowledge. 1842, September 24. Louisa, Baroness Lehzen .... 400 In consideration of the faithful services rendered by her to her Majesty during a period of 18 years. November 17. Elizabeth Devereux Kennedy and Anna Maria Kennedy (^100 each) . . . . . 200 Sisters of Sir Robert Kennedy, late Commissary- General. Additional pension in testimony of the public services of their late brother. William Wordsworth, Esq. .... 300 In consideration of his distinguished literary attain- ments. November 25. John Curtis, Esq. - - - - - - 100 In consideration of his zealous devotion to science. Richard Owen, Esq. - - - - - - 200 Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, Hunterian Professor, and one of the Conservators of the Museum. In consideration of his distinguished exertions in the im- provement of science. Ig43_ September 14. Dame Marion Bell ..... 100 In consideration of the services rendered to the cause of science by her late husband, Sir Charles Bell. Anne Eliza Maria Drummond - - - . 200 In consideration of the public services of her brother, Edward Drummond, Esq., who acted as private secre- tary to the Right Honourable George Canning, the Earl of Ripon, the Diike fo Wellington, and the Right Honourable Sir Robert Peel, Bart., during tenure by each of these Ministers of the office of First Lord of the Treasury, and who died by the hand of an assassin on the 25th of January, 1S43. Robert Brown, Esq. ..... 200 In consideration of his contributions and eminent ser- vices to the science of Botany. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 17 1843. November 16. Dame Florentia Sale - - - - - /^5oo On account of the distinjjjuished military services of Colonel Sir Robert Henry Sale, G.C.B., and in particu- lar of his gallant defence of Jellalabad. 1844. Ap'-it 27. Sir Wii liam Rowan Hamilton, Knight, M. A., Astronomer Royal for Ireland ------ 200 In consideration of his scientific attainments. 1845. Jamiary 28. Patrick Frazer Tytler, Esq. - - - - 200 In consideration of his eminent literary attainments and merits as an historian. Mrs. Jane Hood ------ 100 To William Elliott, M.D., in trust for her, as the wife of Thomas Hood, Esq., author of various popular works, in consideration of his literary merit and infirm state of health. Susan Robertson ------ 50 Mary Robert-.on ------ 50 Eleanor Robertson - - - - - 50 Elizabeth Robertson - - - - - 50 The four daughters of Lieutenant-Colonel Robertson Macdonald, and grand-daughters of the late Principal Robertson. In consideration of the eminent literary merits of their grandfather, as an historian, and their own des- titute sitLiation. In trust to James RoUand, Esq., and John Stewart, Esq., Writers to the Signet, in Edinburgh. Jamiary 31. Jane Caroline Stoddart ----- 75 Frances Agnes Stoddart - - - - - 75 Sisters of the late Lieutenant-Colonel Stoddart, mur- dered at Bokhara. In consideration of the services of their brother, and of these being no adequate provision for them. In trust to John Kitson, Esq., of Thorpe, near Norwich. March 5. Mademoiselle Augusta Emma D'Este - - - 500 In trust to Edward Marjoribanks, Esq., and Sir Edward Antrobus, Part., for her, in consideration of her just claims on the royal beneficence. 2 1 8 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1845 Jjine ii. Clara Maria Susanna Lowe . . . . £tfi Daughter of the late General Sir Hudson Lowe. In consideration of the services of her father, and her own destitute condition. In trust to Sir Joshua Ricketts Rowley, Bart., Captain R.N., and Lieutenant Edward William de Lancy Lowe, 32nd Regiment of Foot. July 28. Mademoiselle Augusta Emma D'Este - - - 500 Additional pension, in consideration of her just claims on the royal beneficence. In trust to Edward Majori- banks, Esq., and Sir Edmund Antrobus, Bart. Septet7ibe7- 30. Dame Mary Archer Shee .... 200 The wife of Sir Martin Archer Shee, President of the Royal Academy. In consideration of his eminence as an artist, and of his service as President of the Royal Academy during a period of 14 years. In trust to Martin Archer Shee, Esq., of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at- Law, and William Archer Shee, Esq., on the Home Es- tablishment of the East India Company's Examiners' Office, East India House. October 14. Alfred Tennyson, Esq. - - . . . 200 In consideration of his eminence as a poet. James David Forbes, Esq. .... 200 Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh. In consideration of his eminent attain- ments in science. 1846. ^/r// 22. Jane Loudon ...... 100 Widow of the late John Claudius Loudon, author of several works connected with botanical science. In consideration of his services and merits. In trust to Francis EUerker Lewin, Esq., and Bevis EUerby Green, Esq. June 30. Anna Archer Shee . . . . j Mary Archer Shee . . . . v 200 Eliza Jane Archer Shee - - - ) The daughters of Sir Martin Archer Shee, President of the Royal Academy. In consideration of the emi- LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 19 1846- nence of their father as an artist, and of his services as President of the Royal Academy during a period of 16 years. In trust to Martin Archer Shee, of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law, and William Archer Shee, Esq., on the Home Establishment of the East India Company's Examiners' Office, East India House. Christian M'C.vskill . . . . . ;i^5o Jessie M'Caskill - - - - - - 5° The sisters of the late Sir John M'Caskill. In con- sideration of the gallant services of their brother, and of his death on the field of battle. Catherine Taylor - - - - - 5° Daughter of Brigadier General Taylor, killed in action in the late campaign of the Sutlej. In consideration of the distinguished services of her late father. In trust to Sir Harry Dent Goring, Bart. Rev. Samuel Bloomfield, D.D. ... - 200 In consideration of hi? services and acquirements as a scholar and divine. Bernard Bartox, Esq. . . - - . 100 In consideration of his literary merits. John Ramsey M'Culloch, Esq. - . - - 200 In consideration of his services as the author of many useful publications connected with the finance and com- merce of the country. Ji'b' 4- Mary Haydon ...... Widow of the late Benjamin Robert Haydon, Esq. In consideration of her distressed circumstances, and the merits, as an artist, of her late husband. July 6. Calvin Beaumont Winstanley - - - - 25 John Lloyd ....-.- 25 In consideration of the services rendered by their an- cestors to King Charles the Second, in his escape after the Battle of Worcester. August 13. Samuel Wilderspin ..... 100 In consideration of his services in promoting infant schools. 2 — 2 20 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1846. October 5. Ellen Mary Bamm . . . . . ^^^o Widow of John Banim, Esq., the author of several works of imagination and poetry. In consideration of the literary merits of her late husband. In trust to Joseph Green, Esq., Resident Magistrate of Kilkenny, and the Very Rev. Charles Vignolles, D.D., Dean of Ossory. October 1 1 . MaRGAKKT TURNBULL ----- 50 Widow of the late James TurnbuU, in consideration of the literary merits of her brother, the late Dr. Leyden. In trust to Robert Chambers, bookseller, Edinburgh, and John Fisher, Writer to the Signet, Edinburgh. October 31. Fanny Gurwood ------ 5a Widow of Lieutenant-Colonel Gurwood. In con- sideration of the literary merits of her late husband. In trust to Richard Henry Cox and Frederick William Cox, Esqs. October 4. Christian M'Caskill ----- 50 Jessie M'Caskill ------ 50 Additional pension. In consideration of the gallant services of their brother, the late Sir John M'Caskill, and of his death on the field of battle. In trust to Lachlan Martin Matheson, Esq., and Rev. Alexander Macgregor. Rev. Theobald Matthew - - - - 300 In consideration of his meritorious exertions to pro- mote temperance in Ireland. Leigh Hunt, Esq. ------ 200 In consideration of his distinguished literary talents. Grace Chalmers ------ 50 Anne Simsox Chalmers ----- 25 Eliza Chalmers ------ 25 Grace Pratt Chalmeks ----- 25 Margaret Parker Chalmers - - - - 25 Helen Jemima Chalmers ----- 25 1847. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 21 1847. Frances Agnes Chalmers .... ^"25 Widow and daughters of the late Rev. Dr. Chalmers. In consideration of his piety, eloquence, and learning. In trust to the Rev. Dr. William Hanna, and Thomas Chalmers, Esq. Frances Freeling Hood - - - - - 50 Thomas Hood ...... 50 Children of the late Thomas Hood. In consideration of the literary merits of their father. In trust to William Ellliott, M.D., David Salomons, Esq., and Thomas Reseigh. October 29. Frances Christie ------ 25 Mary Murray Christie ----- 25 In con>ideration of the services of their father, the late Sir Archibald Christie. In trust to Captain Fred. Gordon Christie and Arthur Forbes, Esq. November 16. George Newport, F.R.S. - - - - - 100 In consideration of his researches and discoveries in comparative anatomy and physiology. Dece7iiber 22. Margaret Morrice Bei.l - - - - - 50 Caroline Bell ------ 50 Daughters of the late Professor George Joseph Bell. In consideration of the labours of their late father in the improvement of the law of Scotland. In trust to Alex- ander Shaw, Esq., and Thomas George shaw, Esq. March 17. Catharine W^orsam Maitland - - - - 50 Widow of General Frederick Maitland. In con- sideration of his distini^uished military services. In trust to Captain Frederick Thomas Maitland and Thomas Cotherton Garth, Esq. July 14. John Couche Adams ..... 200 In consideration of his astronomical discoveries and scientific merits. James Sheridan Knowles .... 200 In consideration of his talents as a dramatic author. William Carleton ..... 200 In consideration of his literary merits. 1848. 22 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1848. July 31. Margaret M'Cullagh . . . . \ Isabella M'Cullagh - . . . |. ^100 Eleanor Jane M'Cullagh - - - ) In consideration of the eminent scientific attainments of their brother, the late Professor M'Cullagh. In trust to James Whiteside, Esq., and George M'Dowell, Esq. December 5. Juana Maria De lo.s Dolores Smith - - - 500 In consideration of the long and distinguished military services of her husband, Major-General .Sir Henry George Wakelyn Smith, and in particular of the brilliant and decisive victory which he gained over the army of the Sikhs, at Aliwal, on the Sutlej. In trust to Tycho Wing, Esq., and the Rev. William Strong. 1849. October 13. Sarah Pennycuick ..... 200 In consideration of the distinguished military services of her husband, the late Lieutenant-Colonel John Penny- cuick, in various campaigns in the East, and of the large family now dependent u]3on her for support. In trust to the Rev. John Browne and Edward Maltby, Esq. Charlotte Agnes Cureton .... 200 In consideration of the long and distinguished military services of her husband, the late Colonel Charles Robert Cureton, C. B., and of his death on the field of battle. In trust to Edward Burgoyne Cureton and Daniel Howard, Esqs. Sarah Austin - - - - - - 100 In consideration of the services which she has ren- dered to literature, especially by her translation of Ger- man works. In trust to Sir Alexander Duff Gordon, Bart., and Henry Reeve, Esq. Janet Hamilton ..---- 100 In consideration of the valuable contributions to philo- sophical literature of her husband, Sir William Hamilton, Bart., professor of logic and metaphysics in the University of Edinburgh, and of the precarious state of his health. In trust to James Thompson, Gibson Craig, and Andrew Coventry, Esqs. Louisa Kenny ...... 40 In consideration of the literary talent of her husband, the late James Kenny, Esq. In trust to William Chap- man and Gilbert Stephens, Esqs. LITERArURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 23 1849. Thomas Waghorn ------ ;f 200 In consideration of the great energy and perseverance which he displayed in opening out the overland routeto India, at great cost to himself, and of the services which he has thereby rendered both to that country and to Great Britain. William Sturgeon - - - - - 50 In consideration of his scientific attainments, particu- larly in the branch of electro-magnetism. George Petrie ------ 100 In consideration of his valuable additions to archaeo- logical literature, and especially to that of Ireland. November 5. Caroline Leghorn Grant - - - - 20 In consideration of the gallantry of her husband, the late Sergeant Grant, of her Majesty's 45th Regiment, who was murdered in the discharge of his duty, and of her destitute condition. In trust to the Secretary at War, and the military superintendent of out-pensioners. 1850. March 2. Bessy Moore ...--- 100 In consideration of the literary merits of her husband, Thomas Moore, Esq., and the infirm state of his health. In trust to the Earl of Shelburne and Edward Bayntum, Esq. April 18. Maria Ann Price - - - - - - 50 In consideration of the long and meritorious services of her husband, the late Deputy Commissary-General Price, in various climates abroad, during a period of fo.rty years, and of the destitute condition of his nume- rous family, in consequence of his sudden death, soon after his appointment to an important charge in the West Indies. In trust to John Charles White and Richard Price, Esqs. May 14. Harriott Waghorn - - -_ - - 40 In consideration of the eminent services of her late husband, Lieutenant Thomas Waghorn. In trust_ to Joseph Wottenberg Wheatley and George William Wheatley, Esqs. October 30. John Payne Collier - - - - - 100 In consideration of his literary merits. 24 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1850. Honourable Dulcibella Maria Eden - - - >^ioo In consideration of the faithful services rendered by her to her late Majesty the Queen Dowager. In trust to Captain Henry Eden, R.N. Honourable Caroline Courtenay Boyle - - loo In consideration of the faithful services rendered by her to her late Majesty the Queen Dowager. In trust to the Duke of Devonshire and Colonel Robert Edward Boyle. Mary Maclear ------ loo In consideration of the importance of the discoveries of her husband, Thomas .Maclear, Esq., Asironomer- Royal at the Cape of Good Hope. In trust to Sir John F. W. Herschel, Bart., and the Rev. Henry Pearse. James Bailey .-..-- loo In consideration of his literary merits. In trust to George Pryme, Esq. , professor of political economy at Cambridge, and the Rev. Joseph Romilly. 1851. January 2. John Kitto, LL.D. ------ loo In consideration of the service he has rendered to Biblical literature, especially by his works entitled the ' Pictorial Bible,' the ' Pictorial History of Palestine,' and the 'Bible Cyclopedia.' George Petrie .--.-- loo In addition to a pension of the like amount granted to him on the ilth December, 1849, in consideration of the many valuable additions he has made to archaeological literature, especially to that of Ireland. Februai-y 6. Harriott Waghorn . .... 60 In addition to the pension of ;^40 already granted to her, in consideration of the meritorious services of her late husband. Lieutenant Thomas Waghorn, R.N. In trust to Joseph Wottenburg Wheatley, Esq., and George William Wheatley, Esq. John Poole ------ 100 In consideration of his literary merits. Christina Liston ------ 100 In consideration of the scientific acquirements of her late husband, Robert Liston, surgeon, his eminent sur- gical discoveries, and her own destitute condition. In trust to Robert Gadsden, Esq., and George Harris, Esq. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 25 1851. Sarah Belzoni ..--.. £\oo In consideration of the services rendered to science by the researches of her late husband, the celebrated African traveller, and of her own distressed circumstances. In trust to Thomas W. Waller, Esq., and Simon Salter, Esq. Fehiiary 22. Mary Sturgeon .-..-- 50 In consideration of the scientific attainments of her late husband, William Sturgeon, and of her own destitute condition. In trust to James Prescott Joule, Esq., F.R.S., and Edward William Binney, Esq. May 28. Sarah M'Carthy - - - - - - 50 In consideration of the distinguished military services of her late father, Captain Edward M'Carthy, during the Peninsular War, and especially at the storming of Badajoz, and of the destitute condition in which she is placed by his decease. In trust to the Rev. Richard Moore Boult- bee, B.D., and Mr. James Thomson. June 1 9. Anna Maria Caroline Moylan - - - - 40 In consideration of the gallant services of her late brother, Captain C. Moylan, of the 72nd Regiment, who died at Barbadoes, from the effect of over-exertion in the discharge of his duties during a time of pestilence, and in consideration of the helpless and destitute condition in which she is placed by his decease. In trust to Hercules Henry Greaves MacDonnell, Esq., and Thomas Moylan, Esq. Attgtist 30. Anna Jameson ....-- 100 In consideration of her literary merits. In trust to William M. Thackeray, Esq., and John Murray, Esq. September 1. Maria Long - - - - - - 100 In consideration of the services of her late husband, Frederick Beckford Long, Inspector-General of Prisons in Ireland, and of his having died from illness contracted while in the execution of his duty, by which she is placed in circumstances of great distress. In trust to the Hon. Edward Cecil Curzon and John Martin, Esq., M.P. James Silk Buckingham ----- 200 In consideration of his literary works and useful travels in various countries. 26 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1851. September 2. Robert Torrexs, F.R S. - . . . . ^^200 In consideration of his valuable contributions to the science of Political Economy. October 10. John Wilson, Professor of Moral Philosophy in the Uni- versity of Edinburgh - . - - - 300 In consideration of his eminent literary merits. Eliza Reid - - - - - - -50 (Widow of Dr. James S. Reid, Professor of Ecclesias- tical and Civil History in the University of Glasgow), and Jane Arnott Reid, Elizabeth Reid, and Mary Reid - 50 (Daughters of the above, and for the survivors or sur- vivor of them.) In consideration of Dr. Reid's valuable contributions to literature, and of the distressed condition in which his widow and children are placed by his aecease. In trust to the Rev. George Bellis and James Seaton Reid, M.D. 1852. February 5. Eliza MacArthur - - . . . . 50 In consideration of the merits of her late husband. Dr. Alexander MacArthur, Superintendent of Model Schools, and Inspector of the Dublin District under the Commis- sioners of National Education in Ireland, and of his having been attacked by mental derangement, attributed solely to his unbounded exertions in the discharge of his official duties, and also in consideration that the pension of £^100 per annum, which was granted to her during the lifetime of her husband, has lapsed by his decease. In trust to Dr. George Beilby and Captain Alexander Mac- kenzie. Alril 5. John Britton ...--. 75 In consideration of his literary merits and impoverished condition. Mary Fitzgibbon ------ 75 In consideration of the signal services rendered by her father, Colonel James Fitzgibbon, on various occasions in Canada, and of the destitute condition in which she will be left at her father's death. In trust to Mr. G. De B. Attwood, secretary, and Mr. T. Wood, accountant of the Bank of British North America. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 27 1852. ^":i"'^ 4- John Russell Hind, F.R.S. - - - • ;^20o In consideration of his contributions to astronomical science, by important discoveries. Gideon Algernon Mantell, LL.D., F.R.S. - - 100 In consideration of his eminent nnerits and contribu- tions to science as a geologist and comparative anato- mist. August 6. Caroline Southey .... - 200 Widow of Robert Southey, the Poet Laureate. In consideration of her latehushand'seminent literary nieriis. In trust to the Rev. Sir George Burnard, Bart., and Captain Sir C. Burnard, Bart., R.N. Nancy Taylor ...... 100 Widow of Colonel Taylor, of the 29th Regiment, who was killed at the battle of Sobraon. In con- sideration of the military services of her late husband. In trust to Lord Fitzroy Somerset and James Godolphin Burslem, R.A. Align si 9. Francis Ronalds - - - - - - 75 In consideration of his eminent discoveries in elec- tricity and meteorology. Charles Richardson, LL.D. - - - - 75 In consideration of his services to literature, as author of a new dictionary of the Ei.glish language. Louisa Stuart Costello ----- 75 In consideration of her merits as an authoress, and her inability, from the state of her health, to continue her exertions for a livelihood. In trust to Edward Marjori- banks, Esq., and Sir E. Antrobus, Bart. September 2. Jane Pugin - - - - - - - 100 Wife of R. Welby Pugin, Esq. In consideration of her husband's eminence as an architect, and the distressed situation in which his family are placed, from his inabi- lity, in consequence of i'lness, to pursue his profession. In trust to John Hardman, Esq., and John Knill, Esq. 28 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1853. Feln-iiary lO. Elizabeth Hester Colby .... ;^ioo Widow of the late Major-General Colby, R.E. In consideration of the services of her late husband in organising and conducting the trigonometrical surveys in Great Britain and Ireland. In trust to John Colby, Esq., and Commander John MNeill Boyd, R.N. March 23. William Jerden - - - - - - 100 In consideration of his services to literature for many years, and his distressed circumstances at an advanced period of life. Elizabeth Molle or Dukbar - - - - 75 (Widow of the late George Dunbar, professor of Greek in the University of Edinburgh) ; and Margaret Dunbar, Barbar Grace Dunbar, and Catherine Dunbar - - - - - 75 Daughters of the above, and for the survivors or sur- vivor of them. In consideration of Professor Dunbar's services as professor of Greek literature for many years in the University of Edinburgh, and the destitute con- dition towh'ch his family have been reduced by his death. In trust to John Turnbull, Esq., W.b., James M'Knight, Esq., W.S., and William Wood, Esq. October 6. Margaret Scott Glex - - - - - 50 Widow of the late Dr. Glen, Missionary to the East for nearly thirty years. In consideration of Dr. Glen's service.s to Biblical literature by his translation of the Old Testament into Persian, and the distressed condition in which his widow is placed liy his decease. In trust to Sir J. M'Neill, G.C.B., and John Glen, Esq., M.A. Sir Francis Bond Head ... - - 100 In consideration of the contributions he has made to the literature of this country. Catherine E. Moir ... - - 100 Widow of the late Mr. David Moir, surgeon. In con- sideration of her late husband's literary and scientific works, in connection witli his profession, his poetical talents, and the destitute condition of his widow and eight children. In trust to James Foreman, Esq., and T. Rennie Scott, Esq., M.D. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 29 1853. Reverend William Hickey .... £^ In consideration of the service which his writings, published under the signature of ' Martin Doyle,' have rendered to the cause of agricultural and social improve- ment among the people of Ireland. Charlotte Lang ------ 100 In consideration of the eminent services rendered for a period of upwards of fifty years by the late Mr. Oliver Lang, master shipwright at the Woolwich Dockyard ; of his numerous valuable inventions and improvements for the advancement of naval architecture, and the straitened circumstances in which Mrs. Lang is placed. In trust to Commander M. Dwyer and Rev. J- H- Lang. October 31. Mary Wilson or Train, and Rosina Train - - 50 Widow and daughter of the late Mr. Joseph Train. In consideration of his personal services to literature, and the valuable aid derived by the late Sir Walter Scott from Mr. Train's antiquarian and literary researches, prosecuted under Sir Walter's directions. In trust to William Bennet, Esq., and R. W. Train, Esq. Sarah Nicolas ------ 100 Widow of the late Sir Harris Nicolas. In considera- tion of the many valuable contributions made by her late husband to tiie historical and antiquarian literature of this country, and the limited circumstances in which his family were left at his death. In trust to .Sir C. G. Young, Garter King at Arms, and Nicholas Harris Nicolas, Esq. 1854. January 3. Isabella Macgillivray, Williamina Craigie Mac- GiLLiVRAY, Caroline Mary Macgillivray, and Margaret Christina Macgillivray - - - 80 Daughters of the late Dr. Macgillivray. In considera- tion of their late father's contributions to the service of natural history, and the destitute condition in which his family are placed at his decease. In trust to A. Thom- son, Esq., and Rev. D. MacTaggart. Margaret Hogg ------ 50 Widow of the late Mr. James Hogg (the Ettrick Shepherd). In consideration of her late husband's poetical talent. In trust to John Blackwood, Esq., and T. B. Johnstone, Esq. 30 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1854, EuPHEMiA Simpson, Caroline Rucker Simpson, WiLHELMixA EuPHEMiA Simpson - - - ^loo Sister and two daughters of the late Mr. James Simpson. In consideration of his eminent services in the cause of education, and the distressed circuiriStances in which, owing to the expenditure of his own means in furtherance of this object, his family are left at his decease. In trust to F. P. Maude, Esq., and Charles Burrows, Esq. Virginia Kenny, Maria Teresa Kenny - - - 40 Daughters of the late James Kenny, Esq. In con- sideration of his literary talent. In trust to William Chapman, Esq., and John Simon, Esq., M.D. Alaric Alexander Watts - - - - 100 In consideration of his services to literature and to art. January 31. Mary Stephens Tucker, Laurette Tucker, Rachel Tucker, Sarah Tucker, Amy Tucker - - 100 Daughters of the late Josej^h Tucker, Esq. In con- sideration of their late father's services as Surveyor of the Navy for eighteen years, and the distre=sed condition to which they are reduced. In trust to Charles J. Bloxam, Esq., and Jarvis Tucker, Esq. April 20. Edward Hincks, D.D. ..... 100 In consideration of the eminent services he has ren- dered to history and literature by his antiquarian re- searches, and especially in connection with the Assyrian and other Eastern languages. Sarah Lee ------- 50 Widow of Mr. Bowditch, the celebrated African traveller. In consideration of her contributions to literature, and the straitened circumstances to which she is now reduced. In trust to Charles Tennant, Esq., and John Benjamin Lee, Esq. October 2j. Mrs. Montague ...... 300 Widow of the late Mr. Montague. In consideration of her husband's services in the penal settlement of Van Diemen's Land, from 1824 to 1842, and of his further valuable and important services to the British Treasury, and to the army during the Kaffir war, while secretary to Government at the Cape of Good Hope, from 1S42 to 1853, when he died, leaving his family in very straitened circumstances. In trust to Major John Bower, of the Madras army, and W. H. Hamilton, Esq. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 31 1854. Eleanqr Philippa Ward, Horatia Nelson Ward, and Caroline Mary Ward ----- ;^3oo The three daughters of the late Mrs. Horatia Nelson Ward, the adopted daughter of Lord Nelson. In trust to the Rev. Horatio Nelson Ward, and Nelson Ward, Esq. Georgina Hay Fullarton - . . . 200 Widow of the late eminent Scotch judge. Lord Ful- larton. In consideration of the destitute condition in which she is left at his decease. In trust to the Right Hon. Andrew Rutherford, one of the judges of the Court of Sessions, and John Dundas, Esq., C.S. C. Moore - - - - - - - 100 Widow of Colonel Willoughby Moore, who recently lost his life in the Eitropa transport. In aid of the mili- tary pension which has been granted to her as the widow of a regimental officer. In trust to Henry M. Clarke, Esq., and Caj:)tain Frederick W. Fitzw}-gram, of the 6th Dragoons. 1855. Jaintary 31. Thomas Keightley - - - - - joo In consideration of his services to historical literature, and of the straitened circumstances to which he is re- duced. Maria Margaretta Crafer - - - - 150 Widow of the late Edwin Turner Crafer, Esq., of the Treasury. In consideiation of her husband's long and faithful services, and the distressed situation in which she is left, with a large family, at his decease. In trust to Charles L. Crafer, Esq., and Thomas J. Crafer, Esq. Anabella Kitto ----- . 50 Widow of Dr. John Kitto. In consideration of the services rendered by her husband to Biblical literature, especially by his works, the ' Pictorial Bible,' the ' Pic- torial History of Palestine,' and the ' Bible Cyclopedia,' and the reduced circumstances in which she is placed at his death. In trust to John Labouchere, Esq,, and Rev. Cornelius Hart. July 21. Thomas Dick, D.C.L ----- 50 In consideration of the eminent services he has ren- dered to literature and science. 32 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1856. Deceviher 27. Joseph Haydn ...... ^25 In consideration of his useful and valuable additions to standard literature. 1856 March 4. Mrs. Pauline Du Plat ----- 100 Widow of the late Brigadier-General Du Plat, R.E. In consideration of the distinguished services of her husband, and the straitened circumstances in which she is placed by his decease. Id trust to Captain C. Taylor Du Plat, R.A., and A. S. Green, Esq. Psyche Rose Elizabeth Hoste - - - - 50 Daughter of the late .Admiral Sir William Hoste. In consideration of the naval services of her father, and her own destitute and infirm condition. In trust to the Marquis Townshend and the Rev. J. W. Ayre. Mrs. Fanny Dkummond Lloyd - - . . loo Widow of the late Lieut. -Colonel Lloyd. In con- sideration of the long civil, diplomatic, and military services of her husband, his active exertions in the East during the present war, up to the period when he fell a victim to disease, and the state of destitution in which she is placed by his decease. In trust to F. B. Alston, Esq., and John Laurie, Esq. Samuel Lover ...... 100 In consideration of his eminent services to literature. Francis Pettit Smith . . . . . 200 In consideration of his great and, for a long period, gratuitous exertions connected with the introduction of the screw propeller into her Majesty's service. Jane, Emily Sarah, and Louisa Cathcart - - 300 The three eldest daughters of the late Lieut. -General Sir George Cathcart, pensions of ;^iOO a year each. In consideration of the distinguished services of their father, and his death on the held of battle, when in command of a division of her Majesty's forces. In trust to the Earl of Warwick and Lord Greenock. JohnD'Alton ...--- 50 In consideration of his literary merits, and his numerous contributions to the history, topography, and statistics of Ireland. Mrs. Maria Long ------ 50 Widow of the late Frederick Beckford Long, Inspector- General of Prisons in Ireland. An additional pension of j^f^Q a year, in consideration of the services of her hus- LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 33 1856. band, in consequence of whose death, from illness con- tracted in the execution of his duty, she has been left, with a large family, in circumstances of great distress. Catherine and Emily Baily, and Mrs. Mary Ward - ;^ 50 Daughters of the late Mr. Baily, of the War Office. In consideration of the long and meritorious services of their father, and their own destitute condition. In trust to N. Grant, Esq., M.D. Thomasine Ross ------ 50 In consideration of her literary merits. In trust to Major-General Maclean and Edward De Grex, Esq. Mrs. Mary Haydn ------ 25 Widow of the late Mr. Haydn. In consideration of the numerous useful works contributed to standard liter- ature by her late husband, and the destitute position in which she is placed by his decease. In trust to John Barrow, Esq., and Alaric Watts, Esq. June 5. John O'Donoyan ------ 50 In consideration of his valuable contributions to ancient Irish history and literature. September 23. Eliza Doyle - - - - - - 5° Sister of the late Colonel Sir John Milley Doyle, K.C.B. In consideration of the distinguished military services of her brother, and of the destitute circumstances in which she is left by his decease. In trust to Colonel Sir J. S. North and Colonel J. Fitzgibbon. September 29. Alexander Maclagan - - - - - 30 In consideration of his literary merits. October 17. Richard Cort ------ 50 In consideration of his destitute condition, and of the useful and valuable inventions of his father, Henry Cort, applicable to the manufacture of iron. October 23. Mrs. Mary Anne a Beckett - - - . 100 In consideration of the literary merits of her husband, the late Mr. Gilbert a Beckett ; also of the eminent public services rendered by him in his capacity of a police magistrate in the metropolis, and of the destitute cir- cumstances in which she, his widow, and their children are now placed. In trust to the Rev. Whitwell Elwin and Mark Lemon, Esq. 3 34 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1856. November lo. Philip James Bailey . . . . . ;^ioo In consideration of his literary merits. Dr. Charles Richardson - - - - - 25 An additional pension of £i<^ a year in consideration of the valuable additions which he has made to works of standard literature. Dr, William Pulteney Alison - - - - 100 Late Professor of the Practice of Physic in the Uni- versity of Edinburgh. In consideration of his scientific attainments. Noveinbe?- 15. Mrs. Jane Margaret Backhouse - - - 100 In consideration of the distressed circumstances in which she has been left at the death of her husband, Mr. George Canning Backhouse, who was murdered while discharging the duties of her Majesty's Commissary Judge at Havannah. In trust to John Greenwood, Esq., and the Rev. Ebury M. Sandham. Mrs. Margaret Gavin - - - - -50 In consideration of the distressed circumstances in which she has been left on the death of her husband, Dr. Gavin, who was accidentally killed in the Crimea, while employed in the public service. In trust to William Goodchap, Esq., and James Roberts, Esq. November 24. Mrs. Anne Thompson - - - - - 150 In consideration of the gallant services of her son, the late Captain Thompson, C.B., who died of the wounds which he received at the memorable siege at Kars, and the straitened circumstances in which she is now placed. In trust to John H. Daniell, Esq., and Richard Nugent, Esq. November 29. Ellen Maria Hay and Fanny Anne Hay - - 50 In consideration of the long and faithful services of their father in the Admiralty Departments, and of the straitened circumstances in which they are now placed. In trust to Rear-Admiral Henry Meynell and the Marquis Townshend. Mrs. Anne Waghorn ..... 50 In consideration of the valuable services of her son, the late Lieutenant Waghorn, in establishing the over land route to India, and of her present narrow pecuniary means. In trust to W. H. Nicholson and James Layton, Esq. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST 35 1856. December i. Charles Swaix --.... ^50 In consideiation of his literary merits. 1857. Jaimary S, Anne Cathcart ...... 100 In consideration of the eminent military services of her father, the late Lieut. -General Sir George Cathcart, K.C.B., who was killed at the Battle of Inkerman, and of the narrow pecuniary means in which his family have been left. In trust to the Earl of Warwick and Lord Greenock. May 2. Mrs. Mary Philadelphia Merrifield - - - 100 In consideration of the valuable services she has ren- dered to literature and art, and the reduced circumstances in which she is placed. In trust to D. A. Freenjan, Esq., and Charles W. Merrifield, Esq. June 19. Mrs. Lydia Falconer Miller - - - - 70 In consideration of the eminent services rendered to literature and science by the works of her late husband, Mr. Hugh Miller, and the straitened circumstances in which she is placed by his decease. In trust to William Burness, law prmter, Edinburgh, and James Burness, solicitor. Supreme Court, Edinburgh. Mrs. Mary Haydx - - - - - 25 An additional pension of £2'^ a year in consideration of the eminent services rendered to literature by her late husband, Mr. Joseph Haydn, and the straitened circum- stances in which she is placed by his decease. In trust to John Barrow, Esq., and Alaric Watts, Esq. November 14. Mrs. Harriet Wright Williamson - - - 30 In consideration of the literary merits of her son, the late Hugh Miller, and the reduced circumstances in which she is placed. In trubt to Robert Ross, Esq., and Jeremiah Joyner, Esq. Ncn) ember 23. Edward Capern ------ 40 In consideration of his literary merit, and the narrow circumstances in which he is placed. 3—2 36 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1858. Febriiaiy 15. Mrs. Charlotte Rowcroft . - - - - - . - £'-p In consideration of the civil services of her husband, the late Charles Rowcroft, her Majesty's Consul at Cin- cinnati, who died while in discharge of his duty. In trust to John Abel Smith, Esq., and Samuel Richards, M.D. Mrs. Eliza Mary HiLLiER - - - - - 5° In consideration of the civil services of her husband, the late Mr. Hillier, Consul in China, who died from the effects of the climate, and of the destitute condition in which she was left at his decease. In trust to Lawrence Burleigh, Esq., and the Rev. Edward John Hillier. Mrs. Mary A. Jerrold - - - - - 100 In consideration of the eminent literary acquirements of her husband, the late Douglas Jerrold, Esq. In trust to D. Swaun and Ilepworth Dixon, Esqs. Dr. Robert Archibald Armstrong - - - 40 In consideration of his philological labours as Gaelic lexicographer. Miss Mary H. L. Lander - - - - - 50 Miss Emily La-nder - - - - - 50 In consideration of the eminent services of their father, the late Mr. John Lander, who died from the efiects of the climate, whilst exploring the river Niger, and of the straitened circumstances in which they were placed at his decease. In trust to Mr. John Livett and Mr. James Nicholas Livett. Stephen Henry Bradbury - - - -50 In consideration of his contributions to literature. Louisa Catherine Paris - - - - "| Fanny Cresswell Paris - - - - | Jane Gregor Paris- .... Rosa Caroline Paris ... - Sarah Eleanor Paris . . . . J In consideration of the scientific acquirements of their father, the late Dr. Paris, the benefits he conferred by his addition to the knowledge of geology, and of their pre- sent scanty means. In trust to Mr. Justice Cresswell and Alexander A. Knox, Esq. Mrs. Rachel Catherine Andrews Montgomery - 50 In consideration of the contributions to theology and poetical literature l)y her husband, the late Rev. Robert Montgomery. In trust to A. Turner, Esq., and the Rev. F. C. Cook. 150 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 37 1858. Dame Isabella Letitia Barnard - - - ;^2oo In consideration of the services of her husband, the late Major-General Sir Henry W. Barnard, K.C.B., who died in command of the army at the siege of Delhi. In trust to Major-General J. R. Crawfurd and L. Antrobus, Esq. Francis Davis - - - - - - 5° In consideration of his contributions to Irish literature. Miss Jessie P. Hogg - - - - - 40 In consideration of the literary merits of her father, the late James Hogg, the Scottish poet, familiarly known as the ' Ettrick Shepherd.' In trust to Major W. Black- wood and J. Blackwood, Esq. Mrs. Elizabeth Dick ----- 50 In consideration of the merits of her husband, the late Dr. Dick, as a moral and theological writer, and of the straitened circumstances in which she is now placed. In trust to Mr. Thomas Dick and Mr. James Kennedy. The Honourable Isabella Elizabeth Annabella Anson 200 In consideration of the services of her husband, the late General the Honourable George Anson, Commander-in- Chief of her Majesty's forces in India, who died of disease when in active service. In trust to Lord Forester and the Earl of Chesterfield. October 4. Mrs. Harriet Lucas Willoughby - - - 15° In consideration of the gallant conduct of her son, the late Lieutenant Willoughby, in blowing up the magazine at Delhi. In trust to Mr. Thomas Willoughby and Mr. Henry Willoughby. Mrs. Ann Skinner - - - - - - 5° In consideration of her having lost three sons in the service of their country. In trust to Sir John D. Hard- ing and Allen Maclean Skinner, Esq. Edwin Atherstone - - - - - 75 In consideration of his literar)' merits. Mrs, Susanna Bartlett - - - - - 75 In consideration of the literary merits of her husband, the late William Henry Bartlett. In trust to the Rev. Henry Siebbing, D.D., and William Beattie, Esq., M.D. James Bowman Lindsay ----- 100 In consideration of his scientific attainments. Mrs. Amelia Gresley Ball . . - - 100 In consideration of the services of her husband, the late Di. Ball, the naturalist. In trust to Thomas Hulton, Esq., and Dr. Aguilla Smith. 38 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1858. Mrs. Cornelia Hogan ..... ^loo la consideration of the merits of her late husband, Mr. John Hogan, as a sculptor. In trust to Robert Wilde, Esq., and Robert Lyons, Esq. Alice, Constance, and Janet Archer - - - 50 In consideration of the valuable contributions of their late father to the science of jihotography. In trust to Nathaniel Machin, Esq., and Roger Kenton, Esq. Charles Duke Yonge - - - - - 75 In consideration of his literary merits. W. Desborough COoley . . . . . 100 In consideration of his literary services and discoveries in Central Africa. John Bolton Rogerson . . - - - 50 In consideration of his literary merits and destitute condition. Ann, Maria, and Catherine Coi'pard - - - 75 In consideration of the services rendered to nautical science by their grandfather, Mr. T. Robertson. In trust to the Rev. Samuel Smith and \V. Bean, Esq. The Rev. John Hind ..... 100 In consideration of his literary services. Mary Stephens, Lauretta, Rachel, Sarah, and Amy Tucker (additional) - - - - - 25 Daughters of the late Joseph Tucker, many years Surveyor of the Navy. In trust to Charles John Bloxani, Esq., and Jervis Tucker, Esq. December 6. Mrs. Frances Martha Agnes Simmons - - - 75 In consideration of the military and literary services of her husband, the late Captain Simmons, and also of the eminent military services of her sons, two of whom lost their lives in action, and two of whom died from illness contracted in the execution of their duties. In trust to Thomas Frederick Simmons, clerk, and Henry Parsey, Esq. 1859. August 29. Miss Catherine Bailey, Miss Emily Bailey, Mrs. Mary Ward (in addition to the pension of £^0 granted to them in 1855) - - - - - - 50 In consideration of the long and meritorious services of their late father in the War Office, and of their pre- sent distressed circumstances. In trust to N. Grant, Esq., M.D. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIS2\ 39 1860. January 16. Miss' Caroline Lardner, Miss Louisa Lardner, Miss Amelia Lardner, Miss Adeline Lardner, Miss Clarinda Lardner, and Miss Jane Lardner (sisters ofthelateDr. Dionysius Lardner). (In equal ])roportions.) ^125 In consideration of their late brother's labours in the cause of science, and of their scanty means. In trust to Edward Litton, Esq., and the Rev. C. S. Stanford. Mrs. Helen Gallwey (daughter of Hoppner, the painter) - 100 In consideration of the long services of her husband as British Consul at Naples. In trust to H. J. Maude and J. A. Hallett, Esqs. Dr. Robert Blakey ..... 100 In consideration of his exertions to aid and promote the study of philosophy, and of his straitened circum- stances. Mr. Edward Atherstone (in addition to the pension of £,TS granted to him in 185S) - - - - 25 In consideration of his great services to literature, and of his advanced age. Miss Julia Pardoe ..... 100 In consideration of 30 years' toil in the field of litera- ture, by which she has contributed both to cultivate the public taste and to suppoit a number of heljiless relations. In trust to W. O. Chalk, Esq., and the Rev. Professor Christmas. Mrs. Ellen Beecroft - - - - - 50 In consideration of the services of her late husband, Captain Beecroft, for the suppression of the slave trade, and the advancement of British interests and of science, during 25 years on the coast of Africa, where he ultimately fell a victim to the climate. In trust to Thomas Thistle, Esq., and Edward Corner, Esq. Dr. Robert Bigsby ..... 100 In consideration of his great services and contributions to the literature of his country. The Rev. Henry Logan - - - - 100 In consideration of his contributions to mathematical and scientific literature, and his present state of destitu- tion, in consequence of the loss of his eyesight. Mrs. Lucy Rigaud - - - - - - 150 In consideration of the labours of her late husband. Bishop of Antigua, and of her distressing position, left with a family of seven children quite unprovided for. In trust to Mr. G. VuUiamy and Mr. H. Rodwell. 40 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1860. Mrs. Catherine Liddon (daughter of the late Henry Cort) ^50 In consideration of the great benefits which have accrued to this country from her late father's inventions in the manufacture of iron, and of the large fortune whicli he expended in carrying them into execution. In trust to Mr. Richard Jones and Mr. John Robert Joy. Miss Caroline Cort (daughter of the late Henry Cort) - 50 The same observations apply to this as to the pre- ceding pension to Catherine Liddon. In trust to Dr. W. B. Carpenter and Mr. Herbert Thomas. Mrs. Janet Taylor - - - - - 50 In consideration of her benevolent labours among the seafaring population of London, and (^f the circumstances of difficulty in which she is placed Ijy the death of her husband. In trust to John Gilmore, Esq., and Thomas Scarborough, Esq. Mrs. S^arah Jane le Blane .... 100 In consideration of the great benefits conferred on naval science by her father, the late Sir Samuel Ben- tham. In trust to \V. C. Cocks, Esq., and J. W, Ogle, Esq., M.D. Mrs. Charlotte Rowcroft (in addition to the pension of ^50 granted to her in 1858) - - - "50 In consideration of the long services of her late husband and father-indaw, as British Consuls in the United States and South America respectively. In trust to johu Abel Smith, Esq., and Samuel Richards, Esq., M.b. 1861. April 19. Miss Barbara Bell ----- 50 In consideration of the eminence of her late father, Professor of Law 'in the University of Edinburgh, as a jurist, and of her straitened circumstances. Mr. John Burnet ------ 75 On account of the services rendered by him to art, as a line-engraver and author, and his advanced age. Mrs. Barbar ------ 50 In consideration of the. zeal and intelligence evinced by her husband, the late Mr. L. Barbar, as Vice-Consul at Naples, especially in obtaining the release of two British subjects made prisoners on board the Cagliari. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 41 1861. Mr. S. H. Bradbury (in addition to his former pension of ;^So) - - - - - - - ^25 lu consideration of his literary merit. Lady Harriet Brenton - - - - - 100 In consideration of the late Sir Jahleel Brenton's meritorious and gallant services in her Majesty's navy. Mr. John Curtis, F.L.S. ----- 50 In consideration of his scientific attainments, the merit of his works upon entomology, and of the injury to his sight from his literary labours, Mr. Dudley Costello - - - - - 75 In consideration of the many years devoted by him to the pursuit of literature, and the high character of his works. Mr. John Donaldson - - - - - 75 In acknowledgment of the services rendered by him to the cause of scientific agriculture. Miss H. E. Fourdrinier - - . - Miss M. A. S. Fourdrinier On account of the valuable inventions of their father, the late Mr. Fourdrinier, in aid of the manufacture of paper, and the destitute circumstances in which they are placed. Mrs. Mary Haydn (in addition to her two former pensions of ^25 each) - - - - - - 25 In consideration of the literary merit of her husband, the late Mr. Haydn, author of ' Dictionary of Dales,' 'Book of Dignities,' and other works. Miss Julia Hunt ------ 75 In consideration of the valuable contributions of her father, the late iMr. Leigh Hunt, to English literature. Mrs, Elizabeth Anne Henfrey - - - - 5° On account of her husband's (the late Professor Hen- frey) contributions to anatomical and physiological botany. Miss Mary Anne Jerrold - - - - -50 In consideration of the literaiy merit of her father, the late Mr. Douglas Jerrold. Mrs. Ann Macrae - - - - - - 5° On account of her long and successful services in the work of education. 42 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. Miss Eliza Murphy - - - " ^ y Miss Charlotte Murphy - - - - ^ x.100 On account of the eminent literary merits of their sister, the late Mrs. Jameson, and their straitened circum- stances. Miss Kate Southey ..... joo On account of the important services rendered by her father, the late Mr. R. Southey, to English literature. Miss Julia Tilt ...... 30 In consideration of her literary merit. Rev, William Barnes - - - - - 70 On account of his eminence as a linguist and author, and his advanced age. 1862. June 19. MissElizabeth BALYand Miss Marie Josephine Fauvet (a joint pension) ...... 100 In consideration of the late Dr. Baly's long career in the public service, and of the merit of the scientific medical works of which he was the author. Mr. Richard Cort (in addition to his former pension of ^50) . - . .... 50 On account of the great value and utility of his fathers discoveries in the working of iron, and of his failure to derive any pecuniary benefit therefrom. Mrs. Mary Cross ....-- 100 In consideration of her late husband's merits as a painter, and of her straitened circumstances. Mrs. Jane Fonblanque . - . . . 100 On account of her husband having been 44 years in the Consular service, and of his death having been caused by an attack made upon him while at his post at Belgrade by a Turkish soldier, when his family was left entirely unprovided for. Dr. John Hart, Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland ------- 75 In consideration of his contributions to the science of anatomy and physiology, and of his being afflicted with blindnc-ss and broken health. Mr. Charles Mackay - - - - - 100 In consideration of his contributions to poetry and to general literature. LITER A TURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 43 1862. Miss Emma Rokinsox ..... ^75 In consideration of her many romances, historical plays, and other contributions to periodical literature, of admitted excellence. Mr. George Rainey. - - - - - 100 In consideration of his laliours in the field of minute anatomy and ]5hysiology, and of the many works on the subject which he has given to the public in the transac- tions of learned societies without receiving any pecuniary remuneration. Mr. Leitch Ritchie ..... 100 In acknowledgment of his labours to enrich the litera- ture of his country, and to elevate the intellectual condi- tion of the poor. Mr. Thomas Roscoe - - - - - 50 In consideration of his literary labours. Mr. John Seymer .-..-. 100 In consideration of his contributions to literature, and of his career of usefulness at home, and of educational labours among the natives of India, in spite of his being blind from within two years of his birth. Mr. Isaac Taylor ...... 100 In public acknowledgment of his eminent services to literature, especially in the departments of history and philosophy, during a period of more than 40 years. Mr. John Wade ...... 50 In consideration of his contiibutions to political litera- ture, more especially during the time of the Reform Bill of 1832. Mrs. Janet Wilson and Miss Jessie Wilson (a joint pension) ....... 100 In consideration of the eminent services of the late Professor George Wilson, of Edinburgh, as a public teacher and a scientific man. 1863. Jii'ie 18. Mr. Joshua Alder ...-.- 70 In consideration of his labours as a naturalist, especially in the department of marine zoology, and of his being suddenly reduced to poverty by circumstances over which he had no control. Mrs. Lucy Atkinson ..... 100 In consideration of her husband's contributions lo geographical science, the fruit of six years' ex])loratioiis in Eastern Siberia and Mongolia, during which she 44 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1863. accompanied him, and aided him in preserving a record of his researches ; and of his having expended all his means in these efforts, leaving his widow totally unpro- vided for. Mr. George Bartlett ..... ^^loo In appreciation of his pursuit of the natural and physical sciences during 36 years, resulting in the establishment of the Devon and Cornwall Natural History Society, and the publication of many works ; but also in a total prostration of mind and body now that he is old. Miss Frances Browne .... - 100 On account of her works in prose and poetry, com- posed in spite of blindness existing from birth. Mr. Stephen Watson Fullom - - - - 70 In consideration of a long career as auihor and jour- nalist, and of the merits of some of his works. Mrs. Sarah Hughes ..... 100 In consitleration of ber husband's labours in the cause of education during a long service as master of the Greenwich Hospital schools, and of the straitened cir- cumstances in which she is left. Mr. Edward William Lane .... 100 In testimony of the value of his Arabic Dictionary, the product of 20 years' labour, 10 of which were passed in Egypt for the better accomplishment of the task. Dr. Robert Latham ..... 100 In appreciation of his eminence in the studies of grammar, philology, and ethnology, and of his contribu- tions to the knowledge of the same. Sir Thomas Maclear .... - 100 In consideration of his services as Astronomer Royal at the Cape of Good Hope. Mr. Gerald Massey - - - - - 70 As to a lyric poet, sprung from the people. Mrs. Mary Anne O'Donovan - - - - 5° In consideration of the late Dr, O'Donovan's valuable contributions to Irish literature and archeology. Mr. Cyrus Redding - - - - - 70 In consideration of his labours in the field of political and other literature, extending over more than half a century. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 45 1863. Mrs. Elizabeth Strutt - - - - - ^70 I-n consideration of her straitened circumstances at a great age, and after 55 years of contributions to litera- ture. Dr. S. Prideaux Trkgelles . . - . 100 On account of his vahiable labours on subjects con- nected with Biblical criticism, and of similar works still in hand. 1864. >"^- Mrs. Letitia Mary Austin - - - - 60 In consideration of the services of her late husband, a civil engineer, who died whilst engaged in the employ- ment of the Government, and who had devoted himself to the sanitary improvement of poor dwellings. Mr. William Allingham ----- 60 In consideration of the literary merit of his poetical works. Miss Eliza Cook ------ 100 In consideration of her literary labours, both in poetry and prose, and her failing health. The Rev. Charles B. Gibson .... 100 As author of many literary works, and in consideration of the high testimony borne as to their value. Dame Julia Inglis - ----- ^00 As an acknowledgment of the brilliant services of the late Sir J. Inglis during the Indian Mutiny, especi- ally the gallant defence of Lucknow — services to which may partly be attributed his early death. Mrs. Emma Elphinstone Sheridan Knowles - - 100 In consideration of the talents of her" late husband, Mr. James Sheridan Knowles, as a dramatic author. 50 Mrs. Emma Leaf - - - - - As the widow of Mr. J. Leaf, who, though of humble origin, was a contributor of articles of great merit to various journals. Mr. Kenny Meadows - - - - - So In acknowledgment of his merit as an artist ; more especially shown by his illustrations of Shakespeare. Miss Dinah Mulock - - - . . 60 Authoress of 'John Halifax, Gentleman,' and other well-known works of fiction. 46 LITEKA7URE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1865. June 19. Dr. Robert Archibald Armstrong (in addition to a former pension of ;i^4o) - . . . . £20 In acknowledgment of his philological labours as a Gaelic lexicographer. Mrs. W. Henrietta Bingham .... i^o Widow of Colonel Charles Bingham, of the Royal Artillery. In consideration of her late husband's long and valuable services, and of the straitened circumstances in which she and her children are left. Mrs. Boole ---...- 100 Widow of the late Professor of Mathematics in Queen's College, Cork. In consideration of her late husband's distinguished attainments as an original mathematician of the highest order, and of his remarkable labours towards the extension of the boundaries of science. Mrs. Mary Haydn (in addition to three former pensions of £2'^ each ...... 25 In consideration of the literary merit of her husband, the late Mr. Haydn, author of ' Dictionary of Dates,' 'Book of Dignities,' and other works. Mr. John Hayter ------ 50 On account of his labours as a portrait-painter. Mr. William Howitt ----- 140 In consideration of the long and useful career of literary labour in which both he and his wife have been engaged. 1864. November 17. Mrs. Bertha Hill ------ 100 Daughter of the late Robert Southey. In considera- tion of the services rendered by her late father to English literature. 1865 J""e 19. Mr. Henry Laing ------ 50 In consideration of the services he has rendered to the study of Scotch antiquities, and Scotch historical re- search. Mrs. Anne Leech -.---. 100 Widow of the late Mr. John Leech. In consideration of the merit of her late husband as an artist. Mr. Richard Cockle Lucas - - - - 150 In consideration of his merit as an artist, and of his having presented to the Kensington Museum some valuable ivory carvings and antiquities. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 47 1865. Dr. David Nicol -.--.. _^ioo In consideration of his long and zealous exertions for the moral and literary improvement of the community in which he lives, and of the fact of his being suddenly incapacitated by disease from the professional practice which was his only source of income. Mrs. Elizabeth Reid . - . . . ico Widow of Dr. Boswell Reid. In consideration of the efforts of her late husband to promote the knowledge of chemistry, and the practical science of ventilation, and of the narrow circumstances in which she is left. Mr. Richard Spruce . - ... 50 On account of his contributions to botanical atid geographical knowledge — the result of travels in South America — and of his services in introducing cinchona (quinine) seeds into India, in i860. Mr. Thomas Wright ..... 65 As an author who has contributed much to English literary and political history. November 13. Miss Elizabeth Ann Bisset - - - - 20 In consideration of the literary merit of her father, the late Dr. Bisset. 1866. February 21. Dame Clara Bromley - - - - - 60 In consideration of the meritorious public services of her late husband, Sir Richard Bromley, K.C.B., and the destitute position in which she is placed. 1865. October 24. Mr. Edward Capern ----- 20 In addition to the pension of ;!^40 which he now holds, bestowed upon him in acknowledgment of his literary merit and failing health. 1866. January 29. Dame Elizabeth Eastlake .... 300 In consideration of the services rendered by her hus- band, the late Sir Charles Eastlake, to the Crown, and of his high attainments in art. March 23. Mrs. Mary Gordon - - - - - 5° In consideration of the eminent literary merits of her father, the late Mr. John Wilson, formerly Professor of Moral Philosophy in Edinburgh University. 48 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1866. [anitary 29. Miss Matilda Mary Hays - . . . . ;^ioo In consideration of her constant labour of mind, and her distinguished attainments in literature. Dame Helena Maria Hamilton, widow, and Helen Eliza Amelia Hamilton, daui;hter, of the late Sir W. -Hamilton, Astronomer Royal of Ireland - - - 200 In consideration of the distinguished merits of the said Sir William Hamilton. Eliza Montgomery, widow, and Lily Montgomery, daughter, of the late Dr. Montgomery - - - lOO In consideration of the abilities, learning, and attain- ments of the said Dr. Montgomery. March 23. Dame Margaret Anne Phipps . . . . 150 In consideration of the long, faithful, and confidential services rendered by her late husband, Sir Charles Phipps, K.C.B., to her Majesty and the Royal Family. January 29. Miss Eliza Mary Roberts- ... - 200 In consideration of the high mechanical inventions and scientific acquirements of her late father, Mr. Roberts. Ji^b' 9- Mrs. Augusta Mary Ann Delves Broughton and Miss Susan Christine Arbuthnot .... 100 In consideration of the long and distinguished services of their late father, Mr. George Arbuthnot, as an officer of the Treasury. November 29. Mr. Henry John DooGooD - - - - 40 In consideration of his having been for many years engaged in literary pursuits, and in connection with the public press as a Parliamentary reporter, and of his being now blind and paralyzed. Mr. George Thomas Thomason - - - - 40 In consideration of his services in connection with the periodical literature of the day, and of his being now afflicted with blindness. Mrs. Ellen Sykes (widow of the late Mr. Godfrey Sykes) - 75 In consideration of her late husband's services to the industrial arts of the country, and to the Museum at South Kensington. LITERATURE AND THE TENSION LIST. 49 1866. Mr. Arthur Hill Hassall, jNI.D. - - . . ^^loo . In consideration of his eminence as a scientific chemist, and of his services in connection with the Inquiry into the Adulteration of Food. Mr. Robert Young ..... 40 In recognition of his services as an historical and agri- cultural poet in Ireland. Mrs. Margaret Carpenter, widow of the late Mr. William Hookham Carpenter ..... 100 In consideration of her late husband's services as Keeper of the Prints and Drawings in the British Museum, and of her own merit as a portrait painter. Mrs. Sarah Coulton, widow of the late Mr. David Coulton 75 In consideration of the literary merit of her late husband. Mr. Patrick Frederick White - - - - 75 In consideration of his services as an author, public lecturer, and illustrator of the minstrelsy and bardic literature, and music of ancient and modern Ireland. December 10. Miss Mary Craik -...-. 30 Miss Georgiana Craik ..... 30 In consideration of the services of their father, the late Dr. Craik, as Professor of History and English Literature in the Queen's College, Belfast. 1867. lime 19. Dame Elizabeth Harris, widow of Sir William Snow Harris - - - - - - - ico In consideration of her late husband's valuable inven- tion of the system of lightning conductors. Miss Marianne Petrie - . - - - 25 Miss Eliza Petrie ------ 25 Miss Julia Petrie ------ 25 Miss Jemima Petrie - - - - - 25 In consideration of the eminent services rendered by their late father, Dr. Petrie, to archaeological science, both as an author and as a public servant. Mr. George Cruikshank - - - - - 95 On account of his great merit as an artist. 4 50 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1867. Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley .... ;^ioo ' On account of his eminent services as a botanist. Caroline, the wife of Captain Chisholm, late of the Indian Army ...... loo In consideration of the valuable and distinguished services rendered by her to emigrants in New South Wales. 1868. February 14. Miss Emily Southwood Smith - - - - 60 In consideration of the valuable and gratuitous services of her father, the late Dr. Southwood Smith, in the cause of sanitary reform. Mrs. Anne Warne Robertson .... 100 In consideration of the services of her husband, the late Joseph Robertson, LL.D., to literature generally, but especially in the illustration of the ancient history of Scotland. Dame Louisa Ellis - - - - - 60 In consideration of the services of the late Sir Samuel Ellis, Lieutenant-General in the Royal Marines. .Mrs. Mary Maconochie - - ... 60 In recollection of the services of her husband, the late Captain Maconochie, R. N., in connection with the im- provement of prison discipline. Mrs. Sarah Faraday (Widow) and Miss Jane Barnard (Niece) of the late Professor Faraday - - - 150 In consideration of the services rendered by him to chemical science. Miss Cecilia Kitto, Mrs. Ferooza Quennell, Miss Helen Rhoda Kitto, and Miss Frances Edith Tracy Kitto ....... 100 In consideration of the services of their father, the late John Kitto, D.D., as a critical and theological writer. Miss Eliza Hincks, Miss Anna Frances Hincks, and Miss Birthia Hincks .... - 100 In consideration of the services of their father, the late Edward Hincks, D.D., as an Oriental scholar. March 31. Dame Jane Kirk Brewster .... 200 In consideration of the eminent services rendered to science by her late husband, Sir David Brewster. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 51 1868. /'""' 19- Mr. 'John Charles Warrington Leech - - - £^0 In consideration of the attainments of his father, the late John Leech, as an artist. Miss Ada Rose Leech - - - - - 50 In consideration of the attainments of her father, the late John Leech, as an artist. Mrs. Margaret Oliphant Wilson Oliphant - - 10 In consideration of her contributions to literature. Miss Maria Susan Rye - - - - - 70 In consideration of her services to the public, in pro- moting, by emigration and otherwise, the amelioration of the condition of working women. Mr. George Thomas Doo, F.R.S. ... - 100 In consideration of his attainments as a line engraver. Novei/iber 17. Mrs. Ellen Thomas - . . . . 100 In consideration of the attainments of her late hus- band, Mr. George H. Thomas, as an artist. Dame Caroline Daly - . . . . 100 In consideration of the public services of her late husband, Sir Dominic Daly, Governor of South Australia. Mrs. Isabella Carrick Lee - . . . 100 In consideration of the services of her late husband, the Rev. Robert Lee, D.D., Professor of Biblical Criticism in the University of Edinburgh. December 10. Mrs. Anna Maria Hall - - . . . 100 Wife of Mr. Samuel Carter Hall, F.S.A. In con- sideration of her contributions to literature. Mr. William Harrison Ainsworth - - - 100 In consideration of his eminence as an author. 1869. April 5. Mrs. Jane Carleton - . . . . 100 In consideration of the literary merits of her late husband, Mr. William Carleton. Miss Eliza Meteyard - - - - - 60 In consideration of her services to literature, especially of the life of Wedgevvood. 4—2 52 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1369. Mr. James Godkin ..... ^90 In consideration of his literary merit and services. Mrs. Matilda Curtis - - - - - 90 In consideration of the scientific attainments of her late husband, Mr. John Curtis, and of the merit of his works on entomology. Mrs. Mary Anne St. John - - - - 90 In consideration of the long and eminent services of her late husband, Mr. Frederick St. John, Surveyor-General of the Customs. Mrs. Emma Armstrong - - - - -50 In consideration of the labours of her late husband, Dr. Robert Archibald Armstrong, as Gaelic Lexico- grapher. Mrs. Caroline McKenna - - - - - 80 In consideration of the legal services of her late hus- band, Mr. Jeremiah McKenna. Mrs. Elizabeth Phipson ----- 50 In consideration of her destitute condition, and of the useful and valuable inventions of her grandfather, Mr. Henry Cort, applicable to the manufacture of iron. April 13. Mr. James Burton Robertson - - - - 90 In consideration of his useful literary labours. January 21. 1870. Mrs. Lucy Sherrard Finley - - - -So In consideration of her services to literature. Mr. William Allingham - - - - - 40 Additional pension in recognition of his literary merits as a poet (previous pension ;^6o granted 18 June, 1864). Mr. Augustus De Morgan .... 100 In consideration of his distinguished merits as a mathematician. February 19. Mrs. Charlotte J. Thompson - - - - 40 In consideration of the labours of her late husband, Mr. Thurston Thompson, as Official Photographer to the Science and Art Department, and of his personal services to the late Prince Consort. Demetris, Count Carnso ----- 100 Of the Island of Cephalonia. In recognition of his long and faithful services to the British Protectorate in the Ionian Islands. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 53 1870. Mrs. Rachel Robertson Brodie - - - - ^^80 In recognition of the historical researches and writings of her late husband, Mr. George LUodie, Historiographer Royal of Scotland. February 21. Dame Georgiana Marrianne Catherine Mayne - 150 In consideration of the personal services of her late husband, Sir Richard Alayne, to the Crown, and of the faithful performance of his duty to the public. April 12, Mr. Robert William Buchanan - - - . 100 In consiceration of his literary merits as a poet. Dame Henrietta Grace Beeden Powell - - 150 In consideration of the valuable services to science rendered by her husband during the 35 years he held the Savillian Professorship of Geometry and Astronomy at Oxford. June 1 8. Miss Margaret Catherine Ffennell, Miss Elizabeth Mark Ffennell, and Mrs. Charlotte Carlisle, for- merly Ffennell, wife of Captain Thomas Carlisle, jointly, and to the survivors or survivor of them - - - 30 Miss Margaret Catherine Ffennell - - - 10 Miss Elizabeth Mark Ffennell - - - - 10 Mrs. Charlotte Carlisle - - - - 10 In recognition of the labours of their father in con- nection with the salmon fisheries of the United Kingdom. Mrs. Jane Dargan ---... joo In recognition of the services of her late husband, Mr. William Dargan, in connection with the Dublin Exhibi- tion of 1853 and other works of public importance in Ireland. Mrs. Charlotte Christiana Sturt - - - 80 In consideration of the services rendered by her late husband. Captain Cliarles Sturt, by his geographical researches in Australia. William Henry Emmanuel Bleek, D.Phil. - - 150 In recognition of his literary services and in aid of his labours in the department of philology, especially in the study of the South African languages. 54 LITERATURE AND l^HE PENSION LIST. 1870. Atigust 3. Gavin Milroy, M.D. ..... ^^loo In consideration of his medical services under Govern- ment, and especially in the Crimea, and of the injury which he thereby professionally sustained. Mr. Denis Florence McCarthy, Barrister-at-Law - 100 In consideration of his literary merit as a poet. Miss Agnes Strickland ----- 100 In recognition of the merit displayed in her historical works. Mrs. Elizabeth Anster ----- 50 In consideration of the literary services of her husband, the late John Anster, LL.D. Samuel Prideaux Tregelles, LL.D. - - - 100 Additional yearly pension to that of ;i^lOO granted on the i8th June, 1863, in recognition of his theological labours, and to enable him to complete his ecclesiastical works. December 14. Mr. Charles Tilston Beke - . . . 100 In consideration of his geographical researches, and especially of the value of his explorations in Abyssinia. 1871. February II. John Stenhouse, LL.D. ----- 100 In consideration of his scientific attainments, and of the loss of his emoluments as non-resident assayer of the Mint. Mrs. Emily Coles - - - - - - 150 Widow of Captain Covvper Phipps Coles. In con- sideration of her husband's services as inventor of the turret-ship system. April 24. Mr. Warwick Brookes ----- 100 In consideration of his talent as an artist. Miss Winifrede Mary Wyse - , - . 100 In consideration of the diplomatic services of her uncle. Sir Thomas Wyse, and of her own limited cir- cumstances. June 21. Sir Robert Stanford, Kt. ----- 100 In consideration of the losses which he has suffered in consequence of the assistance which he afforded to the Government at the Cape of Good Hope in 1849. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 55 1871. Mr. James Robinson Plaxche .... ;,rioo • Somerset Herald in the College of Arms. In recog- nition of his literary services. July 25. Sir William Fothergill Cooke, Kt . - - - 100 In recognition of his services in connection with the introduction of the telegraphic system into this country. Mrs. Sophia Elizabeth De Morgan - - -50 In consideration of the distinguished merits of her late husband, the late Augustus Ue Morgan, as a mathe- matician. Septenibe7- 26. Miss Marie Francois Catherine Doetyer Corbaux - 30 In consideration of her researches in sacred literature and attainments in learned languages. 1872. j Jamtary 3. The Rev. Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener - 100 In recognition of his services in connection with Biblical criticism, and in aid of the publication of his works. March 18. Mrs. Caroline Mary Stopford - - - - 150 Widow of Major George Montagu Stopford, of the Royal Engineers. In consideration of the distinguished military services of her father, Field-Marshal Sir J. Burgoyne. Miss Selina Henrietta Burgoyne - - - 75 In consideration of the distinguished military services of her father, Field-Marshal Sir J. Burgoyne. May 3. The Misses Susan, Mary, and Eleanor Robertson - 50 In addition to the pensions of £^0 each which they already hold in consideration of the eminent literary merit, as an historian, of their grandfather. Mrs. Rose Gray - - - - - - 80 In consideration of the services of her late husband, Mr. Thomas Gray, as one of the first projectors of rail- ways. Mrs. Helen Lemon .... - 100 In consideration of the literary services of her late husband, Mr. Mark Lemon. 56 LITERATURE AND THE PEXSION LIST. 1872. Mrs. Mary Ann Thorpe ----- ^80 In consideration of the labours of her late husband, Mr. Benjamin Thorpe, in connection with Anglo-Saxon literature. Mrs. Emma Meyer ------ 60 In consideration of the services of her late husband, Dr. John Meyer, as superintendent of the hospital at Smyrna during the Crimean War, and afterwards of the Criminal Lunatic Asylum at Broadmoor. Mr. Joseph SxEVENsgiis - - . - . 100 In consideration' of his services in connection with historical literature. Mr. Thomas Wright - - - - - 35 In addition to the pension of ^{^'65 granted in 1S65 in recognition of his literary merits. June iS. Miss Sarah Fanny Mayne - - - - 90 In consideration of the personal services of her late father, Sir Richard Mayne, K.C.B., to the Crown, and of the faithful performance of his duties to the public. June 1 9. Mrs. Jane Elizabeth Wood - - - - 70 In consideration of the services of her late husband, Mr. William Wood, as the inventor of the process of weaving carpets by machinery. Miss Emily Southwood Smith - - - -30 In addition to the pension of ^60 a year awarded in 1868 on account of the valuable and gratuitous services of her father, the late Dr. Southwood Smith. December 20. Mrs. Sarah Gordon - - - - - 5° In consideration of the services of her late husband as inventor of iron lighthouses. Miss Eliza Keightley - - - - - 50 In consideration of the valuable assistance which she rendered to her brother, Mr. Thomas Keightley, in the course of his historical studies, and of her own destitute condition, to commence from the 5th November, 1872, inclusive, being the day following the death of her brother, to whom a Civil List pension was granted of ;[^ioo a year in 1855. LITER A rURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 57 1872. Mrs. Louisa Chesney - - - - - ;^ioo . Widow of the late General Chesney, in consideration of the services of her late husband in connection with the Euphrates Expedition in 1835. Mr. William Gibbs Rogers - - - - 50 In recognition of his services as a wood-carver. Mr. Alexander Bain - - - - - 80 In recognition of his scientific services as inventor of electric clocks and other instruments. 1873. Jatmary 14. Dr. Samuel Sebastian Wesley - . - . 100 In recognition of his musical talents. February 4. Miss Martha Charters Somerville - - - 50 In consideration of the eminent services rendered to the natural sciences by her late mother, Mrs. Somer- ville. Miss Mary Charlotte Somerville - - - 50 In consideration of the eminent services rendered to the natural sciences by her late mother, Mrs. Somer- ville. March i. Mrs. Frederick Louisa Knowles, widow - - 50 In consideration of the heroic conduct of her late husband. Captain Knowles, on the occasion of the loss of the Northfltet. April 4. Mrs. Ann Munday, widow - - - - 25 In consideration of the services of her brother, Lieu- tenant Waghorn, in connection with the opening of the Overland Route to India, and of her own destitute circumstances. Mrs. Sarah Ransom, widow - - - - 25 In consideration of the services of her brother, Lieu- tenant Waghorn, in connection with the opening of the Overland Route to India, and of her own destitute circumstances. Miss Mary Jane Waghorn - - - - 25 In consideration of the services of her brother, Lieu- tenant Waghorn, in connection with the opening of the Overland Route to India, and of her own destitute circumstances. S8 LITER A rURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1873. June i8. Mr. Edward Massox ..... ^icx) In consideration of his services to classical literature. Mr. William Mann ..... 50 In consideration of the time and labour which he has devoted to the service of astronomy, whereby his health has become seriously impaired. Mrs. Elizabeth Williams . - . - 50 Widow of the Rev. J. Williams, formerly rector of Llanymowdawy, in consideration of the value of her husband's Celtic and archaeological researches. Mrs. Agnes Moir, widow . . - . - 45 In consideration of the services of her husband, the late Dr. Moir, in connection with medicine, and of her own destitute condition. June 19. Dr. David Livingstone ..... 300 Consul in the interior of Africa, etc., in consideration of the value of his discoveries in Central Africa. August 7. Professor Thomas Rymer Jones, F.R.S. - - 50 In consideration of his services to science as late Pro- fessor of Natural History and Comparative Anatomy at King's College. Mrs. Henrietta Jemima Keate - - . - 50 In consideration of the hmg and excellent service of her husband, G. W. Keate, Esq., who died at Cape Coast Castle when Governor-in-Chief of the West African Settlements. Professor George Long ..... 100 In recognition of his literary talents, and especially of his knowledge of Roman law. Mrs. Georgina Gordon Coote - - - - 50 Widow of Mr. Holmes Coote, in consideration of her husband's medical services, es|3ccially during the Crimean War, and of her own labours as lady su^.erintendent of the Smyrna Hospital. Mr. Henry Warren ..... 50 In recognition of his labours for advancement of water- colour drawing. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 59 1873. December 26. Dame Constance M'Clure . . . . ^100 In consideration of the services of her late husband, Vice-Admiral Sir Robert J. L. M'Clure, in the explora- tion of the Arctic Regions, etc. Mr. Martin Farquhar Tupper - - - - 120 Author of ' Proverbial Philosophy.' 1874. March 17. Mr. Thomas Steel Livingstone - - - So In recognition of the value of his father's geographical discoveries in Central Africa. Mr. William Oswell Livingstone - - - 50 In recognition of the value of his father's geographical discoveries in Central Africa. Miss Anna Mary Livingstone - - - -50 In recognition of the value of her father's geographical discoveries in Central Africa. Miss Agnes Livingstone - - - - - 50 In recognition of the value of her father's geographical discoveries in Central Africa. Dr. Sharpey, F.R.S. - - - - - 150 Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in the Univer- sity of London, in consideration of his great services to science. April 29. Mrs. Charlotte Louisa Basevi - - - - 100 Widow of James Palladio Basevi, late captain of the Royal Engineers, in consideration of the services of her husband in connection with the advancement of science and the trigonometrical survey of India. June 19. Miss Geraldine Endsor Jewsbury - - - 40 In consideration of her services to'literature. Miss Eliza Meteyard - - - - - 40 In addition to the pension of £60 a year granted her in 1869 in recognition of her services to literature. Lady Catherine Hannah Charlotte Jackson - 100 In recognition of the valuable services of her late husband, sir Ceorge Jackson, K.C. B., who for fifty- seven years was engaged in ihe diplomatic and foreign service of the Crown, and in consideration of her con- tributions to literature. 6o LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1874. Mr. Richard Henry Hengist Horne - - - ;i^5o In recognition of his coniributions to literature. 1875. Jamtary 28. Mrs. Clarissa Hester Cattermole - - - 100 Ln consideration of the services rendered to art by her husband, the late George Cattermole, painter in water- colours. March 5. Mrs. Sarah Falcieri - - - - - So Widow of Giovanni Battista Falcieri, the faithful ser- vant of Lord Byron. April 19. Mr. John Turtle Wood ----- 200 In recognition of his labours at Ephesus and the dis- tinguished service rendered by him to science and history by the discovery of the site of the Temple of Diana, and by the acquisition for the British Museum of a most valuable collection of sculptures, architectural marbles, and Greek and Roman inscriptions. May 4. Bessie, Lady Helps - ... - 200 In consideration of the long and able services rendered by her late husband, Sir Arthur Helps, D.C.L., K.C. B., as clerk of her Majesty's Privy Council, and in recogni- tion of his literary talents. Mrs. Frances Eliza Kingsley - - - - 200 As a tribute of respect to the memory of her late husband, the Rev. Charles Kingsley, Canon of Middle- ham and Westminster, a scholar, author, and divine. June 19. Mrs. Anne Williams ----- 50 In recognition of the services rendered to Welsh literature by her late husband, the Rev. Morris Wil- liams, Rector of Llanrhyddlad, Anglesey, better known as Nicander. Mrs. Harriet Christiana Dwelly - - - y> In consideration of the long and able services, ex- tending over a period of forty years, of her late husband, John Holmes Dwelly, chief clerk in the department of "the Solicitor to the Commissioners of Inland Revenue. LITERATURE AND THE TENSION LIST. 6i 1876 Mrs. Frances Philip ..... ^loo In consiileration of the services rendered to art by her late husband, John Birnie PhiUp, the sculptor. Mrs. C. L. G. Maclean . - . . . loo In recognition of the distinguished services of her late husband, Colonel John Maclean, C. B., formerly Lieu- tenant-Governor of Natal during the Kaffir Wars of 1846-7 and 1S50-1-2-3, and in consideration of her des- titute circurnstances. Elizabeth Helen, Lady Grant- - - - 150 In recognition of the distinguished services rendered to his country by her late husband, General Sir James Grant, G.C.B. December 30. Miss Florence Emily Sophia Birch - - - 75 In recognition of the services of her father, the late Mr. J. W. \V. Birch, British Resident at the Court of Perak, and in consideration of the sad circumstances in which she is jDlaced by his untimely death. Mr. Arthur Birch - - - - - 75 In recognition of the services of his father, the late Mr. J. W. \V. Birch, British Resident at the Court of Perak, and in consideration of the sad circumstances in which he is placed by his untimely death. Miss Constance Alice Birch - - - - 75 In recognition of the services of her father, the late Mr. J. W. W. Birch, British Resident at the Court of Perak, and in consideration of the sad circumstances in which she is placed by his untimely death. 1876 ^^'"''^' 31- Caroline Catherine, Lady Wilkinson - - - 150 In recognition of the services rendered to science and archceological literature by her late husband, Sir John Gardner Wilkinson, D.C.L., F.R.S. May 16. Dr. John Erown, F.R.C.P.E. - - . . 100 In consideration of his services to literature. June 19. Mrs. Sarah Anne Tregelles - - . . joo In consideration of the theological labours of her late husband, Dr. Samuel Tregelles. 62 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1876. Mrs. Mary Anne Wesley ----- ^loo In recognition of the musical talents of her late hus- band, Dr. Samuel Sebastian Wesley. Mrs. Emily Margaret Brooks - . - . loo In recognition of the literary services of her late hus- band, Mr. Shirley Brooks. Mrs. Catherine Matilda Banim - - - 5° In recognition of the services rendered to Irish litera- ture by her late husband, Mr. Michael Banim. Mrs. Hannah Emlyn Jones - - - - 75 In recognition of the services rendered to literature by her late husband, an eminent Welsh scholar. Dr. Henry Wybrowe Rumsey, F.R.S. - - - loo In recognition of the long and able services which he has rendered to the public in connection with sanitary science. Mr. Henry Watts, F.R.S. .... loo In consideration of his distinguished services in the cause of science. The Rev. John Georce Wood - - - - loo In consideration of his services to literature. December 5. Mrs. Mary Clifton Smith - - - - 150 In recognition of the services rendered to the cause of science and archaeology by her husband, the late Mr. Geo. Smith, and in consideration of his discoveries in Meso- potamia. Mrs. Anastasia Lane . . . . - 100 In recognition of the literary services of her husband, the late Mr. Edward \\illiam Lane, the eminent Oriental scholar. Jamiary 24. Mr. Thomas Edward - - - - - 5° A Scottish naturalist. March lO. Mrs. Frances Mary Noble - - - - 150 In recognition of the services rendered to art by her husband, the late Mr. Matthew Noble, sculptor. Jtine I. Mr. Thomas Wilmshurst - - - - - 100 In consideration of his services to art in connection with enamel painting and staining upon glass. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 63 1877. Miss Mary Ann De Foe .... - £-]^ Miss Jane Amelia De Foe - - - - 75 Miss Sarah Frances De Foe - - - - 75 The lineal descendants of the author of ' Robinson Crusoe. ' June 13. Miss Selina Henrietta Burgoyne - - - 75 In addition to the pension of ^75 a year granted in consideration of the distinguished military services of her late father, Field-Marslval Sir John Burgoyne. Mrs. Mary Ann Parris ----- 100 In recognition of the services rendered to art by her father, the late Mr. Edmund Thomas Parris. Mrs. Jemima Charlotte Bleek - - - - 100 In recognition of the literary services and labours of her husband, Dr. Bleek, late keeper of the Grey Library at Cape Town, a distinguished linguist and African scholar. Miss Martha Charters Somerville - - - 50 The daughter and biographer of Mary Somerville. In addition to the pension of ^50 granted to her by warrant dated 4th February, 1873. Mrs. Frances Sophia Rumsey - - - - 100 In consideration of the long and able services rendered to sanitary science by her late husband, Dr. Henry Wyld- bore Rumsey. November 28. Mr. George Macdonald ----- 100 In consideration of his contributions to literature. 1878. January 2. Mrs. Isabella Shilleto ----- 150 In recognition of the learning and attainments of her late husband, the Rev. Richard Shilleto, of Cambridge, the eminent Greek scholar. June 19. Mrs. Harriet Agnes Wornum - - . - 100 In recognition of the services of her late husband, Mr. Ralph Nicholas Wornum, keeper and secretary of the National Gallery, author of various works of art. Mrs. Margaret Emmeline Menzies - - - 50 In recognition of the services rendered to the Crown by her late husband, Mr. William Menzies, deputy-sur- veyor of Windsor Park, especially with reference to the separate ' system of drainage ' and other sanitary im- provements. 64 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1878. Mary Maria, Lady Creasy . . . . ^150 In recognition of the literary services of her late hus- band, Sir Edward Creasy. Mrs. Eliza Cruikshank, widow of George Crulkshank, the artist ....... 100 In recognition of her husband's talents, and in con- sideration of her straitened circumstances. Mrs. Elizabeth Smith ..... 100 In recognition of the gallant, long, and meritorious services of her late husband, Colonel Thomas Laurence Smith, C.B., brother of General Sir Harry Smith, G.C.B. Miss Harriet Monica Chisholm- - - - 50 In recognition of the services rendered by her mother, Mrs. Caroline Chisholm, 'the emigrants' friend.' Mr. Joseph Nash (painter in water-colours) - - 100 In consideration of his services to art. The Rev. James Graves (incumbent of Inisnag, County Kilkenny) .--...- 100 In consideration of the services he has rendered to archaeology and antiquarian research. Dr. James Prescott Joule, F.R.S. - - - 200 In recognition of his eminent scientific achievements and valuable discoveries, including the application of the principle of the 'mechanical equivalent of heat.' 1879. April 2 1 . Mrs. Anne Josephine Home .... 300 In recognition of the great services of her husband, the late Colonel Home, K.E. Mrs. Mary Howitt ..... 100 In consideration of her literary services. Mr. Frederick Martin, F.S.S. .... 100 In consideration of his labours as the author of the ' vStatesman's Year Book,' and of his other literary works. June 19. Mary, Lady Duffus Hardy .... 100 In recognition of the historical, literary, and public services of her late husband, Sir Thomas Duffus Hardy, Deputy Keeper of the Public Records. Mrs. Sarah Elizabeth Melvill .... 100 In recognition of theheroicconduct of her late husband, Lieutenant and Adjutant Melvill, in saving the colours of the 24th Regiment on the field of Isandlana. LITER A TURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 65 1879. Mrs. Henrietta Mary Ada Ward - - - ;^ioo In recognition of the. services rendered to art by her late husband, Edward Matthew Ward, R.A. Mrs. Franxes Brewer ..... joo In recognition of the services rendered to history and literature by her late husband, the Rev. John Sherwen Brewer, M.A. Mr. Henry Smart .-.-.- 100 In consideration of his services to music. Mrs. Robina Ogilvie ..... loo In recognition of the able public services rendered, during a period of 48 years, by her late husband, Robert Annesley Ogilvie, Esq., C.B., Surveyor-General in the Department of her Majesty's Customs. Edward Lane, Esq., C.E. - .... 100 In consideration of his scientific attainments and labours towards the perfection of mechanical appliances. 1880. Ja)niary 26. Mrs. Sarah Vargas - - - - - 25 In consideration of the long and meritorious services of her late husband, Mr. Peter Vargas, superintendent of the Parliamentary messengers under the Secretary to the Treasury. Miss Sarah Sophia Vargas - - - - 25 Miss Clara Vargas - - - - - 25 Miss Louisa Emily Vargas - - - - 25 Miss Rosa Vargas ...... 25 Miss Henrietta Vargas - - - - - 25 In consideration of the long and meritorious services of their father, the late Mr. Peter Vargas, superintendent of the Parliamentary messengers under the Secretary to the Treasury. Miss Mary Ann Sydney Turner - - - 75 In consideration of the services rendered by her father, the late Very Rev. Sydney Turner, as inspector of re- formatories and industrial schools. March 16. Miss Millicent Flora Louisa MacLeay - - 100 In consideration of the services rendered to art by her father, the late Mr. Kenneth MacLeay, a life visitor of the Royal Scottish Academy. 5 66 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1880. April 28. Mr. Richard Henry Hengist Horne - - - £,'-p In addition to the pension of ;i{^5o granted in 1874, in recognition of his contributions to literature. Mrs. Marian Hepworth Dixon - - - - 100 In consideration of the literary services of her late husband, Mr. William Hepworth Dixon. Mr. Walter Hood Fitch- .... 100 In recognition of his long and valuable services towards the advancement of botanical science. Mr. William Thomas Best .... 100 In consideration of his services to music. Mr. Samuel Carter Hall .... 150 In recognition of his literary services. June 19. Dr. Henry Dunbar ..... 80 In consideration of his services to classical literature. Miss Georgina Jackson - - - - - 40 In consideration of her philological researches. Lady Goss ------- 70 In consideration of the services rendered to music by her husband, the late Sir John Goss. Mrs. Anne Jane Sampson and Miss Julia Goss (jointly)- 60 In similar consideration of the services of their father, the late Sir John Goss. Mrs. Broun - - - - - - - 75 In consideration of the services rendered to science by her husband, the late Mr. J. A. Broun, F.R.S. Lady Fothergill-Cooke - - - - - So In consideration of the services of her husband, the late Sir W. Foihergill-Cooke, in connection with the introduction of the telegraphic system into this country. October 13. Mrs. Pauline Mary Hawker - - - - 80 In recognition of the position of her late husband, the Rev. Mr. Hawker, as a poet. Elizabeth Charlotte Viscountess Stratford de Redcliffe and her three unmarried daughters, the Hon. Louisa Charlotte Canning, the Hon. Catherine Jane Canning, and the Hon. Mary Elizabeth Can- ning, with the benefit of survivorship - - - 500 In consideration of the long and most distinguished public service of the late Lord Stratford de Redclifte. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 67 1880. Mrs. Laura Armstrong - - . . . ^80 In consideration of the military services of her late husband, Lieutenant-General James Wells Armstronfj, C.B. Mrs. Sophia Lucy Jane Clifford - - - So In recognition of the eminent mathematical attain- ments of her late husband, Professor Clifford - - 80 A'ovember 23. Madame Fanny Keats de Llanos - - - 80 In consideration of the eminence of her brother, John Keats, as a poet. 1881. February 5. Mary Lady Duffus Hardy - - - - 55 In addition to the pension of^^ioo a year granted in 1879, in recognition of the historical, literary, and public services of her late husband, Sir Thomas Duffus Hardy. Mrs. Maria Rodgers - - ... 75 In consideration of the services of her late husband, the Rev. John Rodgers, in the cause of public elementary education, ' Mr. Alfred Russell Wallace - . . . 200 In recognition of his eminence as a naturalist. Dr. Leonard Schmitz - - - - .50 In recognition of his services to classical education and literature. October 31. Dr. William Alexander Greenhill - . - 60 In consideration of his services to medical literature and sanitary improvement. Dr. Charles Wells - . ... 50 In recognition of his services in connection with Oriental languages and literature. Mr. Charles Patrick O'Conor - - - - So In consideration of his merit as a poet, and of his narrow means of subsistence. Professor Thomas Wharton Jones - - - 150 In recognition of his services to medical science. The Rev. John Jones ..... 50 In consideration of his literary services in Wales. 5—2 68 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1881. November 24. Mrs. Anne Lucy . - - ... ^70 In consideration of the services rendered to art by her late husband, Mr. Charles Lucy. 1882. April 18. Mrs. Katherine Burton - - - - - 80 In consideration of the valuable contributions to literature of her late husliand, Dr. John Hill Burton, especially in connection with the history of Scotland. June lO. Miss Marianne Alice Aline Burke - - - 400 In consideration of the high character and distin- guished services of her brother, Mr. T. H. Burke, and in view of all the circumstances of the case. Marian Fairman Lady Cole - - - - 150 In recognition of the great services rendered by her late husband, Sir Henry Cole, in the advancement of science and art in this country. Jtine 28. Mr. Edwin Waugh - - - - - 90 In consideration of his literary merit. Mrs. Alice Callaghan - - - - - 50 In recognition of the excellent public service of her late husband, Mr. J. F. Callaghan, C.M.G., Governor of the Bahamas, and of her narrow circumstances. August 16. Mr. Samuel Rawson Gardiner - - - . 150 In recognition of his valuable contributions to the history of England. Mrs. Emma Robinson - - - - - 80 In recognition of the services of her husband, the late Canon Robinson, in the cause of public education. October 13. Mr. John HuLLAH .--... 150 In recognition of his great services in the advance- ment of musical education in this country. December 21. Mr. David Wingate . .... 50 In consideration of his merit as a poet, and of his narrow means of subsistence. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 69 1883. January 29. Mrs. Alma Haas ...... ^go In recognition of the position of her late husband, Dr. Haas, as an Oriental scholar, and of his important services in the British Museum. Ft'hruary 2. Mrs. Auguste Marghereta Elizabeth Palmer . 200 In recognition of the services of her late husband, Professor Palmer, and in view of all the circumstances of the case. Jicne 6. His Imperial Highness Prinxe Lucien Louis Bona- parte -..--.. 250 In consideration of his services to literature and learning. June 20. Anna Maria Lady Palliser - - - - 150 In recognition of the valuable services of her late husband, Sir William Palliser, in the improvement of the manufacture of projectiles and rifled ordnance. Mrs. Harriette Scott Russell - - - 90 In consideration of the high position held by her late husband as a naval architect. August 23. Mr. Edward Edwards - - - . - 80 In recognition of his valuable services to the cause of literature. Mr. Matthew Arnold . - . . . 250 In recognition of his distinguished literary attainments and his eminence as a poet. December 15. The Reverend Charles C. Southey - - - 100 In consideration of the great literary merit of his father, Mr. Robert Southey. 1884. Jamiary 30. Mrs. Mary Antoinette Moncrieff - - - 100 In consideration of the narrow circumstances in which she has been left on the death of her husband, Commander L. N. Moncrieff, R.N., who was killed in the discharge of his duties as her Majesty's Consul at Suakim. 70 LITER A TURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1884« February 9. Mr. F.RED JaWES FURNIVALL .... ;^I50 In recognition of his services to English philology and literature. Febrnaiy 26. Sir Richard Owen, K.C.B. .... 100 In addition to the pension of £2.00 a year granted to him in 1842, in recognition of his eminent services to science. May I. Mr. James Augustus Henry Murray, LL.D. - - 250 In consideration, and for the promotion, of his valuable services to philology, especially in connection with his work as editor of the New English Dictionary. June II. Mr. William Neilson Hancock, Q.C, LL.D. - - 170 In recognition of his valuable services as a statistician. December 6. Madame Alina Balfe ..... 80 In recognition of the musical distinction of her late hus- band, Michael William Balfe. Decef/iber 18. The Reverend William Houghton - - - icxj In recognition of his services to literature and science. Miss Emma Lubbock Brown - - - - 70 In consideration of the services rendered to historj' by her late brother, Mr. Rawdon Brown. Miss Charlotte Raeburn .... Miss Caroline James Raeburn In consideration of the merit of their grandfather. Sir Henry Raeburn, as an artist. Mrs. Matilda Griffiths . . . - - In recognition of the services rendered to steam naviga- tion by her late husband, the inventor of Griffiths' Screw Propeller. Mr. Edward Scott Docker .... In recognition of the value of his treatment of dysentery by ipecacuanha, and of the saving of life which it has effected in her Majesty's forces. 80 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 71 1885. April 8. Miss Harriet Louisa Hamiix Stewart - - - ^100 In recognition of the valuable services rendered by her brother, the late Colonel Hamill Stewart, in the defence of Khartoum. Mrs. Marion Hamill Stewart - . . . 200 In recognition of the valuable services rendered by her son, the late Colonel Hamill Stewart, in the defence of Khartoum. Miss Ada Letitia Hamill Stewart - - - 100 In recognition of the valuable services rendered by her brother, the late Colonel Hamill Stewart, in the defence of Khartoum. June 16. Miss Angela Mary Power - - - - 50 In recognition of the services of her brother, the late Mr. Frank Power, in connection with the defence of Khartoum. Miss Kathleen Mary Power - - - - 5° In consideration of the services of her brother, the late Mr. Frank Power, in connection with the defence of Khartoum. Miss Frances Ursula Mary Power - - - 50 In consideration of the services of her brother, the late Mr. Frank Power, in connection with the defence of Khartoum. Miss Mabel Alice Mary Power - - - -50 In consideration of the services of her brother, the late Mr. Frank Power, in connection with the defence of Khartoum. Mr. Llewellyn Jewitt - - - - - 70 In recognition of his services to archeology and litera- ture. ' July 31. Mrs. Camilla Sherwin .... - 100 In consideration of the literary merits of her sister, the late Mrs. Jameson, and of her own straitened cir- cumstances. August 24. Mrs. Rosina Jane Eastwick . . - - 100 In recognition of the valuable services rendered by her husband, the late Mr. E. B. Eastwick, C.B., M.P., F. R.S., in connection with Oriental literature. 72 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. The Reverend James Inxhes Hillocks - - - £,'jt^ In consideration of his labours to improve the con- dition of the poor. Mrs. Marie Antoinette Moncrieff - - - 30 In addition to the pension of ;i^ioo a year granted to her in 1884, upon the death of her husband, the late Commander L. N. Moncrieff, R. N., her Majesty's Consul at Suakim. Mrs. Ann Martha Radcliffe . . . . 100 In recognition of the valuable services rendered to sanitary science by her husband, the late Mr. John Netten Radcliffe. Mrs. Margaret Mary Wilmshurst - - - 50 In consideration of the services to art of her late husband, Mr. Thomas Wilmshurst, in connection with enamel painting and staining upon glass. September 16. Miss Adeline Amy Leech - - - - - 25 In consideration of the merits of her brother, the late Mr. John Leech, as an artist. Miss Caroline Elizabeth Leech - - - - 25 In consideration of the merits of her brother, the late Mr. John Leech, as an artist. Miss Mary Leech .-..-- 25 In consideration of the merits of her brother, the late Mr. John Leech, as an artist. Miss Rose Jane Leech ----- 25 In consideration of the merits of her brother, the late Mr. John Leech, as an artist. December 5. Elizabeth Rosetta Lady Glover - - - 100 In consideration of the long and meritorious services rendered by her husband, the late Sir John Hawley Glover, G.C.M.G. Mr. Thomas Henry Huxley, LL.D., P.R.S. - - 300 In recognition of his eminent services to science and education. 1886 March 18. Mrs. Janeanne Sophia Tulloch - . - - 150 In recognition of the distinguished services of her late husband, the Very Reverend Dr. Tulloch, Senior Prin- cipal in the University of St. Andrews, in connection with theology, philosophy, and literature. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 73 1886. June 15. Mrs. Grace Gibkons ..... ^45 In consideration of the services of her late husband, Mr. James Robert Gibbons, of the Royal Irish Con- stabulary, county inspector. Dr. Leonard Schmitz - - - - .50 In recognition of his literary services in the cause of education (in addition to the Civil List Pension of ^50 per annum which he already receives). July 28. Louisa Johanna Lady Farnborough - - - 250 In consideration of the distinguished Parliamentary and literary services of her late husband. Mr. Augustus Mongredien .... 100 In consideration of the merits and public utility of his literary work. Mr. Jacob Brett ...... 100 In recognition of his services in connection with the introduction of submarine telegraphy. September 9. Mr. Thomas Adolphus Trollope - - - 200 In consideration of the value of his literary work, his straitened means, and his advanced age. November 5. Mr. Edmund Chester Waters . . . . 100 In consideration of his long and arduous labours as a writer on genealogy. December 29. Mr. Thomas Bolton - - - - .50 In consideration of the services which he has rendered to science by his investigations in connection with micro- scopic fauna. 1887. January 14. Mr. Charles Kent ..... joo In recognition of the value of his contributions to biographical and other literature. April I. Mr. Gerald Massey ..... 30 In consideration of his literary merit, and of the smallness of his means of support. 74 LITER A TURK AND THE PENSION LIST. 1887. ^^'^y 21- Anna-Maria- Lady Pai.liser (additional) - - - :^I50 In consideration of the services of her late husband, Sir William Palliser, as an inventor of munitions of war, etc., and of her destitute condition, and to enable her to provide for her daughters. . * June 1 8. Mrs. Jessie Clerk ------ 120 In consideration of the literary merits of her late husband, the Reverend Archibald Clerk, LL. D., as a Celtic scholar, and of her destitute condition. July 28. Mrs, Mary L. Neild - - - - - 100 -In consideration of the death of her husband. Major Neild, R.M., from the effects of a wound received while on duty at Charlestown, and of her destitute condition. Septejiihcr 27. Miss Frances Tulloch - - - - - 25 In consideration of the distinguished services of her late father, the Very Reverend Principal Tulloch, of St. Andrews University, in connection with theology, philo- sophy, and literature, and of her destitute condition. Miss Blanche Tulloch - - - - - 25 In consideration of the distinguished services of her late father, the Very Reverend Principal Tulloch, of St. Andrews University, in connection with theology, philo- sophy, and literature, and of her destitute condition. Miss Amy Tulloch ------ 25 In consideration of the distinguished services of her late father, the Very Reverend Principal Tulloch, of St, Andrews University, in connection with theology, philo- sophy, and literature, and of her destitute condition. Mrs. Jessie Jefferies ----- 100 In consideration of the literary attainments of her late husband, Mr. Richard Jefferies, and of her destitute con- dition. Sir John Steell ------ 100 In consideration of his merits as a sculptor, and of his destitute condition, Mrs, Mary Hutchinson - - - - - 20 In consideration of the services of her late husband, Mr. Thomas J. Hutchinson, M.D,, of her Majesty's Consular Service, and of his literary attainments. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 75 1887. November 29. Miss Mary Leech ------ ^"10 In consideration of the eminence of her brother, the late Mr. John Leech, as an artist, and of her destitute condition. * Miss Rose Jane Leech ----- 10 In consideration of the eminence of her brother, the late Mr. John Leech, as an artist, and of her destitute condition. Miss Adeline Amy Leech - - - - - 10 In consideration of the eminence of her brother, the late IMr. John Leech, as an artist, and of her destitute condition. 1888. January 4. Mrs. Kate Pinkett - - - - "So In recognition of the services of her late husband, as Crown Solicitor, Chief Justice and Acting Governor of Sierra Leone, and of her destitute condition. Mrs. Isabella Sarah McClatchie - - - 75 In consideration of the long and valuable services of her late brother. Sir Henry Parkes, and of her destitute condition. The Rev. F. O. Morris - - - - - 100 In recognition of his merits as a naturalist, and of his inadequate means of support. Miss Constance Frederica Gordon Gumming - - 50 In consideration of her merits as an author, and of her destitute condition. Mrs. Eugenia Moira - - - - - 25 In recognition of the eminence of her late husband, as a miniature painter, and of her destitute condition. Mrs. Ceiriog Hughes - - - - - 50 In recognition of the merits of her late husband, Mr. J. C. Hughes, as a Welsh poet, and in consideration of her destitute condition. Miss Laura Liebe Barnes- - - - - 50 In consideration of the merits of her late father, the Rev. W. Barnes, as an author and linguist, and on account of her destitute condition. 76 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 1888. Mrs. Spencer Baynes . . . . . ^"75 In consideration of the eminence of her late husband, Professor T. S. Baynes, as an author and scholar, and of her destitute condition. March 7. Mr. William Kitchen Parker, F.R.S. - - - 100 In recognition of his services to science as an investi- gator, of his old age, and of his inadequate means of- support. April 18. Mrs. Barbara Seldon ..... 100 In consideration of the services of her late husband, Mr. Samuel Seldon, Principal of the Statistical Depart- ment of her Majesty's Customs, and of her destitute condition. June 13. Mrs. Balfour Stewart - - - - - 50 In recognition of the services rendered to science by her late husband. Professor Balfour Stewart, and of her destitute condition. Mr. John Bell ...... 50 In recognition of his merits as a sculptor, and of his destitute condition. V. ANALYSIS OF THE PENSION LIST. The foregoing is a complete return of all the pensions granted since the establishment of the Ci\il List. No return exists of lapsed pensions, and it is therefore im- possible to state the amount now paid yearly under this head. We have, however, only to deal with the ad- ministration of the trust. Let us next divide the list into the heads of — i. Literature; 2. Science; 3. Art and Music ; 4. Personal services to the Crown ; 5. Military, Naval, and Civil Service; 6. Miscellaneous; and 7. Widows, Children, and Relatives, and we have the following : LITERATURE AND THE PENSIOX LIST. 77 A. — Men and Women of Letters Rewarded BY Pensions. NAME. Ainsworth, William Harrison Allingham, William Anster, John ... Atherstone, Edwin Austin, Sarah Bailey, James ,, Philip James Barnes, Rev. William Barton, Bernard Bigsby, Dr. Robert ... Bleek, William H. Emmanuel Bonaparte, Prince Lucien Louis Bradbury, Stephen Henry Brown, Dr. John Browne, James ,, Francis Buchanan, Robert William Buckingham, James Silk Burges, George Capern, Edward Carleton, William Cary, Rev. Francis Collier, [ohn Payne Cook, Eliza Corbaux, Marie F. C. D. Costello, Louisa Stuart ,, Dudley D'Alton, John Davis, Francis Doogood, Henry John Dunbar, Henry Edwards, Edward Finley, Lucy Sherrard DATE OF GRANT. October 28, 1856 June 18, 1S63... January 21, 1870 August 30, 1 84 1 October 4, 1858 January 16, i860 October 18, 1849 October 13, 1850 November 10, 1856 April 19, 1 86 1 June 30, 1846 January 16, i860 June 18, 1870 June 6, 1S83 ... February 15, 1858 April 19, 1861 May 16, 1876 April 23, 1840 June 19, 1862 "April 12, 1870 September i, 1851 April 7, 1 84 1... November 23, 1857 October 24, 1865 July 14, 1848 ... August 30, 1841 October 13, 1S50 June 18, 1863 September 26, 1871 August 9, 1852 April 19, 1861 June 4, 1856 ... February 15, 1858 November 29, 1866 June 19, 1880 August 23, 1883 January 21, 1870 AMOl'NT. ^100 60 40 75 25 100 100 100 70 100 100 150 250 50 25 130 100 100 100 200 100 40 20 200 200 100 100 30 75 75 SO 50 40 80 80 50 78 LITER A TURE AND THE PENSION LIST. NAME. Fulton, Stephen Watson Furnivall, Frederick James DATE OF GRANT. AMOUNT. June 19, 1862 ... £^0 February 9, 1884 ... 150 Gardiner, Samuel Rawson ... ... August 16, 1882 150 Gibson, Rev. Chas. B. ... April 5, 1869 90 Godkin, James ,, ,, 90 Gurwood, Col. ... March 15, 1839 200 Hall, Samuel Carter ... ... April 28, 1880 150 ,, Anna Maria ... December 10, 1868 ... 100 Hardy, Maria, Lady Duffus ... June 19, 1879 100 „ „ ,, ... February 5, i88l 55 Haydn, Joseph ... December 27, 1855 ... 25 Hays, Matilda Mary ... January 29, 1 865 100 Head, Sir Francis Bond ... October 6, 1853 100 Hicky, Rev. William ... October 6, 1853 80 Hicks, Edward ... April 20, 1854 , 100 Hinds, Rev. John ... October 4, 1858 , 100 Hincks, Edward ... April 20, 1854 . 100 Hind, Rev. John ... October 4, 1858 . 100 Home, Richard Hengist ... June 19, 1874 • 50 51 »> »I ... April 28, 18S0 • 50 Houghton, Rev. William ... December, 18, 1884 .. . 100 Howiit, William ... June 19, 1865 . 140 ,, Mary ... April 21, 1879 . 100 Hunt, Leigh ... ... October 4, 1S47 . 200 Jameson, Anna ... August 30, 1851 . 100 Jerdan, William ... March 23, 1853 . 100 Jewitt, Llewellyn ... June 16, 1885 • 70 Jewsbury, Geraldine Endsor ... June 19, 1874 . 40 Jones, Hannah Emlyn ... tune 9, 1876 • 75 Jones, Rev. John ... October 31, 1881 • 50 Keightley, Thomas ... ... January 31, 1855 . 100 „ Eliza ... December 20, 1872 .. . 100 Kidd, Rev. Thomas ... ... June 7, 1841 . 100 Kitto, Dr. John ... January 2, 1854 . 100 Knowles, James Sheridan ... ... July 14, 1848 . 200 Laing, Henry ... November 17, 1864 .. • 50 Lane, Edward William ... June 18, 1S63 . 100 Latham, Dr. Robert ... June 18, 1863 .. 100 Long, George ... August 7, 1873 . 100 Lover, Samuel ... March 4, 1856 ,. 100 Macdonald, George November 28, 1877 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 79 NAME. Mackay, Charles Maclagan, Alexander Martin, Frederick Massey, Gerald Masson, Edward M'Carthy, Denis F M'Culloch, John Ramsey Menifield, Alary P Meteyard, Eliza Mongredien, Augustus Mulock, Dinah Murray, Dr. A.J. H, O'Connor, Charles Patrick . O'Donovan, John Oliphant, Margaret O. W. . Pardee, Julia ... Petrie, George Poole, John ... Redding, Cyrus Richard>on, Charles ... Ritchie, Leitch Robertson, James Burton Robinson, Emma Rogerson, John Bolton Roscoe, Thomas Ross, Thomasine Schmitz, Leonard Scrivener, Rev. F. H.A. Stevenson, Joseph Strickland, Agnes Strutt, Elizabeth Swain, Charles Taylor, Isaac Tennyson, Alfred Tilt, Julia Thomson, George Thomas . Tregelles, Samuel Prideaux. DATE OF GRANT. ^^Io^•NT. April 19, 1861 ..^100 September 29, 1856 •• 30 April 21, 1879 .. 100 June 18, 1863 70 April I, 1887 ... •• 30 June 18, 1873 .. 100 August 3, 1870 .. 100 June 30, 1846 .. 200 May 2, 1857 ... .. 100 April 5, 1869 ... .. 60 Tune 19, 1874 ... .. 40 July 28, 1886... .. 100 June 19, 1864 .. 60 May I, 18S4 ... .. 250 October 31, 18S1 .. 50 June 5, 1856 ... .. 50 June 19, 1868 .. 100 January 16, i860 .. 100 October 13. 1S49 .. 100 January 2, 1851 .. 100 February 6, 1851 .. 100 June 18, 1863 ... .. 70 August 9, 1852 •• 75 June 19, 1862 ... .. 100 April 13, 1869 .. 90 June 19, 1862 ... 75 October 4, 1858 .. 50 June 19, 1862 .. 50 March 4, 1856 .. 50 February 5, 1881 .. 50 June 15, 1 886 .. 50 January 3, 1S72 .. 100 May 3, 1872 ... .. 100 August 3, 1870 .. 100 June 18, 1863 .. 70 December I, 1856 .. 50 June 19, 1862 ... ... 100 October 14, 1845 . . . 200 April 19, 1S61 .. 30 November 29, 1866 ... 40 August 3, 1870 ... 100 June 18, 1863 ... 100 8o LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. NAME. Trollope, Thomas Adolphus Tupper, Martin F. Tytler, Patrick Frazer Wade, John ... Wallace, William Waters, Edmond Chester Watts, Alaric Alexander Waugh, Edwiu Wells, Charles Wingate, David Wood, Rev. J. G. ... Wordsworth, William Wright, Thomas Yonge, Charles Duke DATE OF GRANT. AMOUNT. ... September 9, 1886 ..;^200 December 26, 1873 .. 120 January 28, 1845 .. 200 June 19, 1S62 ... .. 50 April 7,1838 ... •• 300 November 5, 18S6 .. 100 januarv 3, 1S53 .. 100 June 28, 1882 .. 90 October 31, 1881 .. 50 December 31, 18S2 .. 50 June 19, 1876 .. 100 November 17, 1842 •• 300 June 19, 1865 .. 65 October 4, 1858 75 — Science. NAME. DATE OF GRANT. AMOUNT. Adams, John Couch July 14, 1848... ...;^200 Alder, Joshua June 18, 1863 ... ... 70 Allison, William Pulteney "November 10, 1856 ... 100 Bain, Alexander December 20, 1872 ... 80 Bartlett, Geora^e June 18. 1863... ... 100 Beke, Charles^Tilston December 14, 1870 ... 100 Berkeley, Rev. Miles Joseph ... June 19, 1867 ... ... 100 Bolton, Thomas December 29, 1886 ... 50 Brett, Jacob ... July 28, 1886 ... ... 100 Brown, Robert September 14, 1842 . . . 200 Cooke, Sir W. Fothergill July 25, 1871 ... 100 Cooley, W. Desborough October 4, 185S ... 100 Curtis, John ... November 25, 1841 ... 100 April 16, 1861 ... 50 Dease, Peter Warren March 17, 1841 100 De Morgan, Augustus January 21, 1870 ... J 00 Dick, Thomas July 21, 1855 ... ... 50 Donaldson, John April 19, 1861 ... 75 Edward, Thomas January 24, 1877 50 Fitch, Walter Hood ... July 28, 1880... ... 100 Forbes, James David October 14, 1845 200 Fourdrinier, H. E April 19, 1861 ... 100 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 8i NAME. Hamilton, Sir William Rowan Harris, (Sir) William Snow Hart, Tohn Hassail, A. Hill Hind, John Russell ... Huxley, Thomas Henry Jones, T. Rymer Joule, J. Prescott Lans^, Edward Lindsay, James Beaumont Livingstone, Dr. David Logan, Rev. Henry ... Mantell, Gideon A. ... Newport, George Owen, Sir Richard ... Rainey, George Ronalds, Francis Sharpey, Dr. ... Smith, Francis Pettit Spruce, Richard Torrens, Robert Waghorn, Thomas ... Wallace, Alfred Russell Watts, Henry... Webster, Thomas W^ood, John Turtle ... DATE OP GRANT. April 27, 1844 July 23, 1841 ... [une 19, 1862... November 29, 1866 August 4, 1873 December 5, 1885 August 7, 1873 June 19, 1878... June 19, 1879... October 4, 1858 June 19, 1873... January 16, i860 August 4, 1852 November 6, 1847 November 25, 1841 February 26, 1883 June 19, 1862... "August 4, 1852 March 17, 1874 Maich 4, 1856 June 19, 1865... AMOUNT. . . . 200 ... 300 ••• 75 100 . . . 200 . . . 300 ... 50 . . . 200 100 100 ... 300 100 ,.. 100 100 .. 200 I CO 100 •• 75 .. 150 .. 20c .. 50 September 22, 1851 ... 200 October 13, 1849 February 5, 1881 June 19, 1876... June 7, 1841 ... April 19, 1875 200 200 100 50 200 C. — Art and Music. Best, William Thomas Brooks, Warwick Burnot, John ... Cruikshank, George ... Doo, George Thomas April 28, 1880 April 24, 1 87 1 April 19, 1 86 1 ... 100 ... 100 ••• 75 1867... ... 95 1868... ... 100 82 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. Hayter, John ... Hullah, John ... Lucas, Richard Cockle Meadows, Kenny Nash, Joseph ... Rogers, William Gibbs Smart, Henry... Warren, Henry Wesley, Samuel Sebastian Wilmshurst, Thomas... DATE OF GRANT. June 19, 1865... October 13, 1882 November 17, 1864 June, 1864 June 19; 1878... December 20, 1872 June 19, 1879... August 7, 1873 January 14, 1873 June I, 1877 ... AMOUNT. 50 80 100 50 100 D. — Crown. On July 23, 1840, seven persons who had taught the Queen various subjects were rewarded with pensions of ;^ioo a year each July 23, 1841. An old servant of the royal family - - ^^200 1842. The Baroness Lehzen, for services to the Queen - 400 1840. Mdlle. A. E. d'Este ..... 1,000 1850. Hon. Dulcebella Maria Eden, ) for services to the late 1850. Hon. Caroline Courtenay Boyle, j Queen Dowager . 100 This list exhausts the pensions awarded for services to the Queen and royal family. E. — Military, Naval, and Civil Service. 1839. Sir John Newport, Chancellor of Exchequer of Ireland ...... ^1,000 1870. Count Demetris, Ionian Islands - . 100 1871. Sir Robert Stanford, Cape - . - - 100 This list is very short. But under the head of widows and children, it will be found that the services have been by no means neglected, though this grant was never intended for them. LITERATURE AND THE TENSION LIST. 83 F. — Miscellaneous. Under this heading is comprised recognition of various services. Of late years such services have not been re- warded out of this grant. Thus three special constables in 1840 received a pension each of j[,2^ for wounds sustained in quelling a riot ; the Chief Factor of the Hudson Bay Company ; two descendants of persons who had assisted King Charles II. to escape (!) ; a promoter of infant schools ; Father Mathew, the tem- perance preacher ; the pioneer of the Overland Route. These exhaust this list. G. — Widows, Children, Brothers, and Sisters. The Civil Pension List is becoming more and more con- sidered as the means of assisting the widows and orphans of distinguished men. If the awards were made solely to those who are connected with literature, science, and art, little objection could be raised to this use of the money. Unfortunately the Civil List is also becoming more and more converted into a IVIilitary and Naval List. The total number of grants made since the year 1837 has been 620. Of this the number of grants to widows and children amounts to 351, or more than one-half, Moreover, the list of widows and children in proportion to the rest tends to increase. Thus in 1871 three out of nine were those of widows or children. In 1887 eleven out of fourteen were widows or children. Not only does the widows' list increase, but the difference between the rewards given to literature and art and those given for naval or military services is also increasing yearly and at a most alarming rate. Thus in 1888 the widow 6—2 84 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. of a most distinguished physicist receives a pension of ;^5o a year, while in 1886 the widow of a peer receives one of ^£2^0. In 1884 the widow of a great musician receives a pension of ^80 a year, while one of ;!^4oo a year is given to the mother and the two sisters of an officer killed near Khartoum ! In 1880 the aged sister of one of our greatest poets is granted a pension of ;^8o, and the widow and children of a dis- tinguished ambassador one of ;^5oo ! In 1879 three widows of distinguished writers and artists receive pen- sions of ;^ioo a year each, but the widow of a colonel of engineers, whose services could hardly be considered of more importance to the country than those of the three others, is actually set down for a pension of ^^300 ! The analysis presents many other points of interest, not the least being the appearance, beside the most distinguished names, of persons wholly forgotten or never known. Let us take a few names of distinction. Lord Tennyson was here enrolled forty-three years ago, 'in consideration of his eminence as a poet.' It was only three years earlier, in November, 1842, that William Wordsworth, then seventy-two, received a pension from Sir Robert Peel, and two years earlier that, on the death of Southey, he was offered the laureateship. Southey, who became laureate in 18 13, had, as we have seen, then been a Court pensioner for six years. Is the name of the next Laureate, one asks, also on the list .'' Other names here possess honoured associations. Margaret Hogg, who was pensioned in 1854, serves as a late memorial of the Ettrick Shepherd, who died nine- LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 85 teen years before. It was not until twenty-eight years after her father's death that his daughter Jessie was made ' passing rich with forty pounds a yean' But even a more singular instance of reward deferred will be found in 1S80, when Madame Farmy Keats de Llanos was put upon the list — that is, sixty years after the death of her brother John, and thirty-five years after Monckton Milnes told the story of his life. In the same year that she became a widow Jane Hood's name was put upon the list. The wife of Tom Moore got a pension, ' in consideration of the literary merit of her husband, and the infirm state of his health.' Tom Moore himself had his own pension payable out of the Consolidated Fund. Leigh Hunt was made a pensioner at sixty-three ; Harrison Ainsworih at sixty-four; James Sheridan Knowles at sixty-four ; Anna Jameson at fifty- four ; Samuel Lover at fifty-nine ; Leitch Ritchie at sixty- one ; while Douglas Jerrold, who died at fifty-four, left his claims as a legacy to his widow, and so did Shirley Brooks, who died at fifty-nine ; and Charles Kingsley, who died in 1875, in the fifty-sixth year of his age ; and Mark Lemon, who lived for sixty years. The names, amongst others, of scholars like Lane and Shilleto and Scrivener ; lexicographers like Latham and Murray, illustrate the practical value of this patron- age. The pension granted to Lane by Lord Palmerston in 1863 largely lightened the task of producing his Arabic lexicon, and in the same way the grant of ^250 a year, which was made to the editor of the new English dictionary in 1884, was an endowment of research worthy of the British Crown. One royal pensioner was added in 1883, 'in recognition of his distinguished 86 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. literary attainments, and of his eminence as a poet' — Matthew Arnold. With Huxley and Owen to return thanks, with the names of Hamilton, Lardner, and Faraday, remembered in their surviving relatives, science can hardly bring a charge of total neglect. Nor need we say a word to justify pensions such as those to the widows of travellers who have made the world their debtors, like Livingstone, Beke, Waghorn, and Chesney ; of mathematicians like De Morgan, Clifford, Joule, and Mary Somerville ; of inventors like Snow, Harris, Palliser, and Griffiths ; of artists like Cruikshank, Eastlake, Haydon, Leech, Rae- burn, and Shee ; of musicians such as Balfe, Best, Goss, Hullah, Smart, and Wesley. But if it is needless to enumerate those who here fitly find a place, it would be hopeless to attempt to fill in the gaps. Of its long roll of mediocrities, half are already forgotten, some even so utterly unknown to fame that it is no light task to establish iheir identity. Nor is this merely an old grievance. Only two or three years ago, a certain political and party essayist was, on the recommendation of her Majesty's advisers, honoured with the patronage of the Crown, ' in consideration of the merits of his literary work.' Many of the pittances bestowed are small enough, it is true, and this fact has actually been advanced by an ex-Prime Minister as an excuse for the unfitness of his own appointments. It is impossible to arrive at any ratio decidendi by which the qualifications of pensioners are judged. It is not poverty, for here are the names of men of wealth ; it is not distinction, for here are the names of men who LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 87 have achieved nothing and attempted little ; it is not public worth, for here are the names of men to whom their country owes nothing. It must be confessed that unless the ' considerations ' upon which many of these pensions were granted are other than those disclosed, the patronage of the Crown, limited as it is, might have been bestowed upon worthier objects. It is not enough when in doubt to put down ' literature.' A so-called ' literary pension ' should not be absolutely meaning- less as a measure of literary merit. Is the patronage of the Crown any better bestowed as regards science and art? The lists for themselves give the answer. A practice which ought not to be permitted to continue has grown up of attempting to cover a large number of irregular grants with the prestige of a few great names. VI. — General Considerations on the Preceding. As regards the practice of eking out service pensions by others on the Civil List, it is wholly unwarra?itable, and 7cias never contemplated by the Resolution luhich established the Civil List. This cannot be too strongly maintained. Every pensio7i giveti to widows and children of me7i i?i the services is a distinct breach of trust. Inadequate as the allowances to the widows of our soldiers and sailors and police - constables admittedly are, these are only properly chargeable on the Consolidated Fund. It is emphatically unjust to those whose claims to public reward can prac- tically only be satisfied out of Class 5 of the Civil List that it should be burdened with charges of this 88 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. character. From first to last, during all the stages of the struggle which culminated in the Civil List Estab- lishment of 1837, it was never suggested that it should be part of the duty of her Majesty's advisers to reward public servants out of this grant. The amount was fixed on a basis which expressly excluded any such contingencies. Doubtless, before the caprice of the Crown was subjetced to Parliamentary control, the Sovereign of grace and favour rewarded public as well as personal servants. But all this was changed in the reign of the third George. When the pensions for the three kingdoms were one by one limited in amount, they were at the same time placed upon a definite footing. The Superannuation Acts, the system of retired allowances, the naval and military pensions for good services, the pensions for persons who have held high political offices, the pensions for the diplomatic and consular services, the Civil Service pensions and the innumerable depart- mental regulations, gradually instituted a code of reward which, however out of date it may now be, was and is expressly and impliedly intended to relieve the Sovereign of all these claims. When the amount was fixed at ;^ 75,000 for the three kingdoms in 183 1, and again at ^^1,200 a year in 1837, it was never intended that one farthing should be granted to public servants or their surviving relatives. These cannot, under almost any conceivable conditions, have just claims upon the Royal bounty. Their future is their country's care. // z>, beyo7id all question, m direct cojitraveniion of the understanding between the Croivn and the people that any Proportion at all of the lioyal pension fund has been so bestozaed. LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 89 We have shown that the sum voted was in the face of a fierce and a just cry for economy cut down to the lowest limit which was then held to be compatible with the maintenance of the Royal dignity. We have seen that the figures were arrived at upon an estimate of the actual cost of those classes of pensioners, to whom the Royal patronage was then restricted, then on the list ; and that so far from there being any margin from which to supplement service pensions, the fund, whatever it may once have been, is now quite inadequate to enable her Majesty to take up her proper station as the patron of Literature, of Science, and of Art. It is an obvious truism to say that so long as they are appropriated to other than their proper purposes this difficulty must be increased. Again, as regards the relief of distress as a proper use of the Pension Fund. Except in so far as destitute persons can be said to have 'just claims upon the Royal bounty,' they cannot, as the law now stands, be properly relieved from this source. And if mere destitution is once admitted as constituting a just claim to a Royal pension, it follows as a necessary consequence that the fund is wholly forestalled. It would be easy to find in every year cases of genuine distress which would absorb ten times the sum. But as Burke defined it a hundred years ago, it is only a case of ' public charity ' which can possibly be deserving of such reward. Nor can poverty, coupled with mediocre attainments or achievements in literature, art, and science be ac- counted a good consideration. Broken-down men of letters, artists without patrons, theoretical scientists, are no rarer now than at any other time in the world's 90 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. history. That many if not most of these are ' destitute ' in the truest sense of the word is as obvious as that barristers without briefs, solicitors without cUents, doctors without patients, are often simply paupers. But it has never been pretended that unsuccessful professional men, however poor, have just claims upon either public charity or Royal reward. Nor is it easy to understand upon what canon ' failures ' in science, or in art, or in letters are held to have any rights of the kind. Claims upon public sympathy they may, or may not, have. Nay, even in some cases they may be worthy objects of private charity. But their deserts are the true measure of their deserving. If they have accomplished no worthy work, if the country owes them nothing, upon what can they base their claims to be objects of public charity ? 'Eminence' in literature or in art, 'useful attainments in science,' are, whether accompanied, as they often are and often must be, by poverty or not, indispensable to any claim on the part of those engaged in these callings to the patronage of their Sovereign. It is not their poverty, but the value of their work which consti- tutes a claim to a pension. This list, again, shows those who received, but not those who were refused, a pension in this list. It is unfor- tunately impossible to arrive at this knowledge. Every- body has signed the petitions in which application is made, but nobody knows how many these are or on what principles they are refused. One instance, however, is well-known and may be quoted. In the year 1886, the most eminent writer on Nature that this or any other country has ever seen was sick unto death and well-nigh LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. gj starving. Had it not been for the assistance of a few who. learned the sad circumstances of his illness he might have starved. It was the year in which the peeress already mentioned swallowed up ;^25o out of the grant ; the gentleman who wrote pamphlets for the Cobden Club took another p^ioo ; and the widow of an Irish Police Inspector took ;^45. There seems to have re- mained ^155 of the grant of ;^i,2oo not appropriated. Yet this great writer on Nature, this great observer, whose works will never cease to instruct and to charm, was refused. His name was Richard Jefferies. How many similar applications lie forgotten in the cupboards of the Treasury ! VII. — CON'CLUSION. In conclusion, it is submitted that the following alterations in the law as regards this list be brought before the Houses of Parliament at the earliest oppor- tunity : 1. That the sum of ;^i,2oo be yearly voted for the purpose of assisting (i) distinguished men and women of letters, art, and science, by granting pensions when they have arrived at the age of fifty-five, or are incapaci- tated from work by ill health, mental or bodily, and (2) their widows or daughters, if they are in distressed cir- cumstances. 2. That in the official published return the various works of every pensioner be enumerated in detail. 3. That in the same official return a list be published of those whose applications have been refused, also with lists of their works. 92 LITERATURE AND THE PENSION LIST. 4. That under no circumstances whatever shall any portion of the money be granted to any persons for public services in the army, navy, or any civil department, to the Sovereign or to the country, or to widows, children, or relations of such persons. 5. That the pensions be all uniform in amount, namely, ^{^150 a year each, and that no family of widow and children shall receive a pension between them of more than ^150. INDEX Althorp, Resolution moved by Lord, i Administration of the Trust, 12 Analysis of the Pension List, 76 Analysis, Celebrated Names in, 84, 85, 86 Art and Music in the Pension List, 81 Case of Richard Jefferies, 91 Committee of Inquiry, 4 Complete List of Pensions, 12 Crown Servants in the Pension List, 82 Double Purpose of the Pensicn List, 10 Disproportion of Awards between Literature and Military Service, 81, 86 Grants to the Services a Breach of Trust, 87 Increasing Widows' List, 83 Inquiry, Committee of, 4 Jefferies, Case of Richard, 91 List of all the Pensions since the Act, 12 List of those refused, 90 Literature in the Pension List, 76 Men and Women of Letters in the Pension List, 76 Military, Naval, and Civil Service in the Pension List, 82 Miscellaneous Grants in the Pension List, 83 Pensions awarded in 1835-36, 3 Pensions, Complete Lisi of, 12 94 INDEX. Pension List, Double Purpose of, lo Literature in, 76 Miscellaneous, 83 Military, Naval, and Civil Service in the, 82 Crown Servants in the, 82 Art and Music in the, 81 Science in the, 80 Analysis of the, 76 Widows, etc., in the, 83 Pensions previous to the Act, 6 Poverty no claim, 89 Purpose of the Pension List, Double, 10 Recommendations for the Future, 91 Relief of Distress, 89 Resolution of 1834, i Science in the Pension List, 80 Statute I Vict. c. 2, 4 Victorian Administration of the Trust, 12 Widows, etc., in the Pension List, 83 ,, Instances of, 84 SOCIETY OF AUTHORS (INCORPORATP:!)). President : LORD TENNYSON. D.C.L. Council (i£ Sir Edwin Arnold. Robert Bateman. Walter Besant. Rev. Professor Bonney, F.R.S. H, Courthope Bowen. J. COMYNS Carr. Edward Clodd. Earl of Desakt. a. w dubourg. Professor Michael Foster, F.R.S. Herbert Gardner, M.P. Edmund Gosse. Richard Garnett, D.C.L. H. Rider Haggard. Professor E. Ray Lankester. T. M. Lely. Rev. W. J. Loftie, F.S.A. George Meredith. Herman C. Merivale. Rev. C. H. Middleton-Wake, F.L.S. (Auditor). J. C. Parkinson. Earl of Pembroke. Sir Frederick Pollock, LL. D. Walter Herries Pollock. A. G Ross. George Augustus Sal.\. W. Baptiste Scoones. James Sully. WlLLI.\M MOY PHOM.AS. H. D Traill. Hon. Counsel— "E. J\L Underdown. Committee of Management (1889) : Chairman — WALTER Besant. Robert Bateman. Edmund Gosse. H. Rider Haggard. J. M. Lely. Sir Frederick Pollock. A. G. Ross. Secretary— S. SquiRE SpRigGE, B.A. 4, Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C. When this Society was first established, the founders were actuated by two leading principles. First, that 96 SOCIE TY OF A UTHORS. literary property requires to be defined and protected by legislation and the relations between author and publisher to be placed upon a basis of equity and justice. Second, that the question of copyright, espe- cially between this country and America, is one which requires to be kept steadily in view and persistently attacked. I. No one has ever denied that the relations of author to publisher are in the most unsatisfactory condi- tion possible. There are no fixed principles ; there has never been any attempt to decide on what principles of equity books should be published; there are twenty different methods of publication, not one of which has been ever advanced on the grounds of justice and fair- ness both to author and publisher. Not only are there no fixed principles, but the trade of publishing is in- fested and brought into disrepute by persons who live by preying upon the ignorance and the inexperience of authors, who plunder them in their agreements and cheat them in their returns. It is clear that any steps taken with a view to regulate the trade according to principles of justice and equity should be greatly applauded by all honourable publishing firms, since they will cause the weeding out of houses whose existence is a disgrace to the trade ; they will conduce to the improvement of the legitimate book-market by stay- ing the output of a mass of literature, for the most part books which have no raison d'etre, the publication of which tends to divert the public from works of a more sterling character. SOCIETY OF AUTHORS. 97 Such steps as have already been taken have saved a great number of authors from pillage : they have caused thieves, who had grown shameless with their success, to become more careful ; they have awakened a wholesome spirit of distrust in those who send MSS. to publishers ; they have caused a wider recognition of the reality of literary property ; and they have prepared the way for a thorough reform of the whole conduct and management of this branch of literary work. It is also no small matter that the Society has saved many who, having none of the qualities required to insure literary success, would have been dragged in, by lying assurances, to pay large sums of money for what they were assured were the costs of production. In order to deepen and widen the jealousy with which literary property should be regarded, the Society has in preparation a series of pamphlets which will be issued, as they can be got ready, it is hoped, in the course of the present year. They are as follows : 1. The Recognition of Literary Property by Legislation. 2. The Growth and Development of the Literary Profession. 3. The History of the French Socicte des Gens de Lettres. 4. The Cost of Publication. 5. The Various Methods of Publishing, with a Notice of the Frauds practised in connection with them. 6. Literature and the Pension List. 7. International Copyright. 8. Equitable Publishing. Apart from the branch of their work which is concerned 7 98 SOCIETY OF AUTHORS. with the introduction of equity into the conduct of literary property, the Committee are anxious to do what they can for individual authors under existing conditions. With this view they are ready to advise authors as to the best way to safeguard their property. They examine agreements ; they read and advise upon accounts ren- dered; they have a staff of highly competent readers, who, for a very small fee, read MSS. and give an opinion upon their literary quality and commercial value ; and in those cases where an author wishes to bring out a work at his own cost, the Committee conduct the business for him, so that he shall not be robbed. The Committee are also organizing a Syndicate for the sale of serial rights in novels, essays, and all kinds of papers in the press — London, Provincial, Colonial, and American — on such terms that the author shall receive everything, less the actual cost of management. To sum up, the Society maintains : 1. That literary property, already vast, is rapidly growing, and forms a considerable portion of the national wealth. 2. That it is practically undefended, and that it needs to be protected. 3. That the present modes of dealing with this great body of property are based on no principles of right and justice, and leave the door open to every kind of fraud. 4. That it is desirable to awaken a general recognition of literary property, to create a spirit of jealousy over its management, and to introduce the same watchfulness in literary transactions as obtains in all other business affairs. SOCIETY OF AUTHORS. gg With this view the Society recommends : "1. That the accounts of publishers should be sub- mitted, like all other accounts between men who have shares in any enterprise, to scrutiny. 2. Authors should be advised as to the best method of publishing, and as to the risks to be encountered. 3. Agreements should be drawn up or examined for authors by an experienced hand. 4. No author should allow publication to be proceeded with until the agreement is signed. II. In regard to the question of copyright, it is unnecessary to relate at length the steps which led to the passing of the International Copyright Act of the 25th of June, 1886. This Bill enables this country to enter into any International Copyright Union which may be hereafter established. Inasmuch as the whole question was discussed at length in the last annual report, it seems unnecessary to do more than point out that the Committee are alive to the necessity of procuring the passage of an Act which shall amend and consolidate the existing Acts dealing with domestic copyright (and such a Bill has been drafted under the auspices of a committee of the Society) ; not only because this is urgently required in any case, but to enable this country to enter into an International Copyright Union on equal terms. With reference to that part of the question which is of course paramount to English authors — the recogni- tion by America of the claims of English authors to protection in some form or other — it only remains to keep the subject constantly before the Government and the public. We may trust that the authors of America, 7—2 loo SOCIETY OF AUTHORS. who are now fully awake to the injury done to themselves by the competition with productions for which American publishers have to pay nothing, will keep the subject alive in the States, and will continue to agitate without any help from us. It is needless to say that their sympathies are entirely with us, and that they regard the wholesale and unchecked piracy of English literature as a wrong unworthy of a civilized society, quite apart from the loss which it entails upon themselves. In their case both self-interest and the love of justice compel them to demand the establishment of International Copy- right. The Council call attention to the fact that this Society is the only itistitutiofi which exists in this country for the protection of literature. It is, therefore, one which demands the support of every author in the three kingdoms and the colonies. The protection and help it has afforded to authors is every year growing more and more. The Council feel it necessary to state emphatically that substantial progress in their objects will follow in direct proportion, not only as the muster-roll of members includes more and more all living authors, but also as the Association comes to be considered the one association which can give advice and assistance to aspirants to the profession of letters. When the Society of Authors can fairly boast that it speaks and acts in the name of the entire body of English men of letters, the mere material interests of the profession will be protected and advanced in a manner hitherto unknown and unattempted. Owing to the kindness of its legal advisers, the Society SOCIETY OF AUTHORS. loi is enabled to afford its members skilled assistance and advice which, under ordinary circumstances, they would be quite unable to procure elsewhere without incurring great expense ; and the Society proposes to take up and fight, if necessary, at its own expense, cases which are of a special and typical kind. The foregoing are the immediate objects of the Society ; other and larger schemes remain for future development. S. SQUIRE SPRIGGE, Secretary. By Order. January, 1SS9. CONDITIONS OF MEMBERSHIP. The Subscription is one Guinea annually, payable on the 1st of January of each year; or the sum of Ten Guineas for life membership entitles the subscriber to full membership of the Society. Cheques and Postal Orders should be crossed ' The Imperial Bank, Limited, Westminster Branch.' Names of those who wish to be proposed as members may be sent at any time to the Secretary at the Society's Offices. Subscriptions entered after the ist of October will cover the next year. The Secretary may be personally consulted between the hours of 1 p.m. and 5, except on Saturdays. An appointment must be made by letter. PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOCIETY. 1. Grievances of Authors. (Field &Tuer.) 2s. 2. Literature and the Civil List. By W. Morris Colles. [Noza Ready. 3. The Recognition of Literary Property by Acts of Parliament. ^Preparing. 4. The Literary Profession: Its Growth and Development. {Preparing. 5. The Cost of Production. [Preparing. 6. The Various Methods of Publication. {^Prrparing. 7. The History of the Societe des Gens de LettreS. By S. S. Spkigge, Secretary to the Society. [/.'/ the Press. 8. International Copyright. [Preparing. g. Equitable Publishing. [Preparing. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 2 8 19^^ (4 MAY 07193b Form L9-42»i-8,'49(B5573)444 THE LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNU PN 171 Pi;C6 uc SOUTHERN REGIONAL UBRARVF^^^^^^^ AA 001 237 304 9 UCLA-Young Research Library PN171.P4 C6 y L 009 509 231 8 "i<-Mi- ■5?iv;-8 ••*■■■■ S3 ^1 §-t^:^i?-^t