ACCOUNTANCY BOOKS Published by GEE & CO., 34 Moorgate Street, LONDON, E.C. ACCOUNTANT, THE (Established 1874). A weekly news- paper. Price 6d. Subscription : — 245. per arm., post free U.K. Foreign, 26s. Issued Weekly, in time for Friday evening's mail. The Accountant is the recognised organ of Chartered Accountants and Accountancy throughout the world. It contains Original Articles, Correspondence, Lectures and Debates on Bookkeeping (with specimens of Accounts), Auditing, Liquidations, Bankruptcies, as well as Reports of all Decisions as to Administration Cases, Arbitrations, Winding-up of Joint Stock Companies, Liquidations, the Bankruptcy Act, Mercantile Law, and Partnerships, of interest to Accountants ; and is generally a complete Record of all Matters of Interest to the Profession. ACCOUNTANTS' JOURNAL. A monthlv newspaper. LIBRARY OF ALLEN KNIGHT CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT 502 California Street SAN FRANCISCO. CALIFORNIA journal, rne transactions ot the Various Students' Societies, and other Periodicals, during the last 30 years of the Nineteenth Century, to which is added a List of the principal Treatises now in use on each of the 117 Subjects affecting Accountancy. The Work will be in Daily Requisition in Accountants' Offices. ACCOUNTANTS' (CHARTERED) CHARGES. (Third Revisedand Enlarged Edition.) Price 10s. 6d.net. By Fras. W. Pixley, F.C.A., Barrister-at-Law. One of the great wants of Members of the Profession is a Standard work of the Charges of Chartered Accountants, to which they can refer their clients, when asked either to quote a fee for future services or to support an account of Charges already rendered. This work contains the Scale of Charges which prevails amongst the leading practising London Chartered Accountants for Auditing, making Investigations, &c. — The Charges of Liquidators. — The Charges of Special Managers and Trustees in Bankruptcy, Receivers in Chancery, &c. — The Charges for Assisting Debtors and Directors of Companies in Liquidation in the preparation of the Statement of Affairs. — The Charges of Arbitrators, Witnesses, &c. CATALOGUE OF BOOKS FREE. ACCOUNTANCY BOOKS. ACCOUNTANTS' DIARY (Yearly), ruled, &c. Prices from is. 6d. to ios. — Editions Nos. i, 2,3 and 3 A are specially Ruled and Headed accord- ing to the Pattern approved by most practising Accountants. All Editions except the is. 6d. contain a Directory of Accountants and much useful information. ACCOUNTANT'S AND BOOKKEEPER'S YADE-MECUM. Price z 5 > 7s. 6d. The Work Revenue Ex\ and Sinking Accounts, Tc generally dea Directions. ACCOU Index. £ and IX., Also issi The only Chartered A are designe and are com ACCOU Edition a Lexic Charter SlDNEV Accoun trators, Arrangt Bills o Income Managi Debent Directc Execut Agreen Investi Mercar and Lc Reserv Matter and Di Stock-i &c, &c ADYA net. the C Accou: This wo ation of t! exhaustive is includes, (Cantab), of Arrnnntant (Exam. Inst. C.A.). 1 Capital and ation, Reserve ck Companies' er matters not jful Forms and ially, with n., vii., viii., or 90s. the set. the Institute of These Answers question asked, Second l in the form of the Institute of matters. By j oi Work:— ssets, Adminis- tical Questions, Is of Exchange, 3, Capital and ice (Formation, /, Death Duties, Depreciation, •ship Accounts, e, Hire- Purchase ions involving), urers' Accounts, »e, Profit, Profit otes, Receivers, ks, Secretarial Account, Single change Terms, lkruptcy, Wills, ;. Price 21s. >f Accounting al ookkeeping for 3 Final Examin- 1 addition to an w, an Appendix :y, B.A., LL.B. the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law, dealing wun me law relating to accounts, and the requirements of the Courts and of lawyers in connection therewith. Price, is. each, net; 55.6^. f-dozen copies ; Being the Auditor's Instructions to his Client's Book- connection with the series of Audit Note-Books. ANTE-AUDIT. ios. 1 dozen copies. keeping Staff. Issued in Nos. 1, 2, and 3. It is intended that this book shall be given by vhe Auditor to the Bookkeeper in cases where it has not been customary for the Accounts to be audited (more especially, perhaps, in small businesses), and where, not infrequently, the Accounts are being kept in a way that does not permit of the Auditor's duties being performed without a needless drain upon his time and patience. SPECIAL TERMS FOR PUBLISHING AUTHORS' WORKS GEE & CO., PRINTERS AND PUBLISHERS, AUDIT NOTE-BOOK. Nos. I. & II., Price 6d. (net) each, 5s. per dozen. 40/- per hundred. Issued in two Series, viz. : — No. 1 — Suitable for a Monthly Audit. No. 2 — Suitable for a Quarterly or Half-yearly Audit. Name and address printed on Covers free on orders of 100 or more copies. AUDIT NOTE-BOOK No. 3. New and Enlarged Edition. (For Important Audits.) ioo pages. Foolscap 4to. Price 2s. per copv, 205: per dozen, or 70s. for 50 copies, and £5 xos. for 100 copies. Name and address printed on cover if 50 or more copies are ordered. AUDITING. A Practical Manual for Auditors. Sixth Edition. Over 900 pages. Price 21s. net. By Lawrence R. Dicksee, M.Com., F.C.A. A New and Enlarged Edition of this Standard Work has now been issued. The text ha«? been thoroughly revised, in part re-written, and brought entirely up to date. The Work now consists of upwards 900 pages, medium 8vo, being 100 pages more than the previous Edition, of which 50 are devoted to additions to the body of the work, and 50 to Reports of Cases. The Legal Decisions referred to in the Work are brought up to October 1904. Special attention has been devoted in this Edition to the Accounts of Local Authorities and their Audit, Depreciation, Sinking Funds, &c. BANKRUPTCY. Second and enlarged Edition. Price 75. 6d, net. By T. M. Stevens, D.C.L., Barrister-at-Law. A demand has arisen for a short work on the above, which, whilst treating the subject from a legal point of view, will still be of use mainly to Chartered Accountants and others. The general outlines of the subject, i.e., the text of the Acts, as explained by leading cases, is what is wanted, and what this work has endeavoured to give. THE BANKRUPTCY TRUSTEES ESTATE BOOK. Second Edition. Price 4s. net. Compiled by Lawrence R. Dicksee, M.Com., F.C.A. Author of " Auditing," &c. This Book contains the whole of the information likely to be required by Trustees in Bankruptcy in such a form that in conjunction with the " Record Book" it provides a complete statement of all the facts relating to any particular estate, entirely doing away with the necessity for memorandum and loose sheets, which are so frequently lost. BOOKKEEPING, ACCOUNTS, & CALCULATIONS relating to Hire-Purchase Wagon Trade and Collierv Royalties and Wayleaves. Price is. 6d. net. By George Johnson, F.S.S., F.C.I. S., Corporate Accountant. BOOKKEEPING FOR COMPANY SECRETARIES. Third Edition. Price 3s. 6d. net. By Lawrence R. Dicksee. M.Com., F.C.A. This Work (which is founded upon a course of lectures delivered under the auspices of the Council of the Institute of Secretaries) deals very fully with those questions in relation to Bookkeeping, a knowledge of which is essential upon the part of every Company Secretary. It will, therefore, be found of the greatest value to all who occupy — or expect to occupy — that position, and also to all Accountant Students. BOOKKEEPING FOR ACCOUNTANT STUDENTS. Fourth Edition. Complete, with Index, 10s. 6d. net. By Lawrence R. Dicksee, M.Com., F.C.A. (of the firm of Sellars, Dicksee & Co.) Contains a full and complete explanation of the Theory of Double Entry, and is supplemented by copious Exercises and Questions that combine to make it a work of the highest educational value. BOOKKEEPING EXERCISES for Accountant Students Demy 8vo., about 96 pages. Price 3s. 6d. By Lawrence R. Dicksee, M.Com., F.C.A., Author of " Auditing," " Bookkeeping for Accountant Students," " Bookkeeping for Company Secretaries," &c. COMPANY-SECRETARY, THE. Fourth Edition. Price 25s. net. (Foolscap folio.) By W. H. Fox, Chartered Accountant. Containing a Full Description of the Duties of the Company-Secretary, together with an APPENDIX of FORMS and PRECEDENTS. 34 MOORGATE STREET, LONDON, E.C. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from Microsoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/formsofaccountboOOjohnrich FORMS ACCOUNT BOOKS FOR VARIOUS CLASSES OF BUSINESS COMPILED BY J. G. JOHNSTON, Chartered Accountant, Edinburgh. LONDON : GEE AND CO., PRINTERS AND PUBLISHERS, 34 MOORGATE STREET, EC. *lf ■ • .•••-■ -". . . POEMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR MANUFACTUBING BUSINESSES. COMPILED BY ALLEN KNIGHT C»rtlti»« P«UI» Accountant SAN FRANCISCO J. G. JOHNSTON, C.A., EdIxXBUrgh. , 380297 CONTENTS. PAGE Prefatory Note Order Book (Inwards) Work Book Cost Book Day Book Order Book (Outwards) Invoice Book Stamps for Invoices and Accounts Traveller's Journey Book Paper Stock Book . . . " Paper Used " Book Cash Book Petty Cash Cook Wages Book Ledgers 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 Directions for framing Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account ... ... ... ... 23 Form of Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account ... 26 Trial Balance (special form) 27 PREFATORY NOTE. r PHE following forms of books of account for Manufacturing businesses have been framed as the result of careful con- sideration and practical experience. The special kind of business on which the examples are based is that of lithographing and printing ; but, by a slight modification, the forms can be easily adapted to any other class of trade. Although involving in some case3 a departure from ordinary practice, the suggestions are not merely theoretical, but having been adopted practically in several instances, they have proved their own worth during a course of years, and have been found to afford not only a means of methodising work, but also of effecting a great saving in time and labour. J. G. J. 1 George Street, Edinburgh, November, 1893. FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR MANUFACTURING BUSINESSES. ORDER BOOK (Inwards). No. I Date of Order. Date of Completion. Name. Particulars. Notes. 1. This book is written up daily, on receipt of the orders. 2. Each order has its own number, by which it is known and recognised in the course of working, and by which it is referred to in all subsequent bookkeeping entries. The facility of reference is thus greatly increased, both in the work-room and in the counting-house. FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR WORK BOOK. Date. Order No. Name. Work. Hours. Runs or Pulls. Notes. 1. Each workman keeps a Work Book. 2. In it each day he enters the work done by him, with the time he has been occupied at it, and the number of runs or pulls of the machine. 3. He hands the book daily into the counting house, where it is posted to the " Cost Book." MANUFACTURING BUSINESSES. COST BOOK. No. of Order Order Date Workman Work CO H O H Runs or Pulls Rate Cost £ s d Notes. 1. This book is written up daily in the counting-house from the materials supplied by the workmen's books, the "Paper Used" Book (page 17), and the columns in the Invoice Book headed " Binding " and " Designs " (page 13). 2. Sufficient space is left between each order to accommodate the future entries in connection therewith. 3. From these entries the Day Book can be written up, while the total cost may be transferred to a column in the Day Book itself. 10 FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR DAY BOOK. No. of Order. Particulars. Charge. Cost per Cost Book. £ s d £ s d Notes. 1. The Day Book is charged up each day, as the orders are completed, and the work issued to the customers. 2. The " Cost " is taken from the " Cost Book." 3. The difference between " Charge " and " Cost " is gross profit, which can thus be seen as each piece of work is completed. 4. If not considered desirable that the profit should appear in an open book, such as the Day Book, a small book can be kept containing merely a note of the amounts of " Charge " and " Cost," for private reference. MANUFACTURING BUSINESSES. 11 ORDER BOOK (Outwards). No. of Order Date Please supply A. B. & Co. with the following : — Article. Quality. Price. When wanted. £ s d To Signatnra /"> Notes. 1. This is a ''duplicate" book, a copy of the order being retained by means of carbonised paper, while the original is despatched to the firm from whom the goods are ordered. 2. The number of the order is quoted in the Invoice Book when the invoice is charged. 3. The " tab " is a device by which the outstanding orders are kept in view. When an order is fulfilled the " tab " is torn off, and the remaining "tabs" indicate orders which have not been completed. 12 FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR INVOICE No. of Order Date Name Goods Pol. Amount £ s d Notes. 1. The numbers in the first column represent the orders, and refer to the " Order Book." 2. Each invoice is posted to the credit of the firm from MANUFACTURING BUSINESSES. 13 BOOK. Paper Ink ColOUrS, T3- j; etc. 1 BmdlD S Designs Sundries £ s d £ s d £ s d £ s d £ s d £ s d whom the goods have been got, in the Ledger, and the folio inserted as above. 3. The book is added monthly, and the totals carried to the accounts in the Ledger for " Paper," etc. 14 FORMS OP BOOKKEEPING FOB STAMP FOR INVOICES. Received into Stock Verified and Checked STAMP FOR ACCOUNTS. Verified and Checked Passed for Payment These stamps are made of rubber, and are impressed on (a) the invoices as they are received, and (b) the accounts as they are rendered in respect of goods bought. The employees who do the duties indicated append their initials. MANUFACTURING BUSINESSES. 15 TRAVELLER'S JOURNEY BOOK. Journey. Customer a o s Date paid Dis- count Allow- ances Cash Bills Un- paid £ s d £ s d £ s d £ s d £ s d £ s d Notes Notes. The Travellers' Books are partially written up in the Counting-house preparatory to each journey, the names of the customers and the amounts due being rilled in by the book- keeper. The traveller himself makes the necessary entries in the other columns as the various settlements are effected. At the close of the journey the traveller balances the book thus : — Total amount due, to be collected ... ...£ Accounted for thus : Discount ... ... £ Allowances Cash : remitted in the following instalments : (detail) ... £ Add : Travelling Expenses . . . Bills . Unpaid 16 FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR PAPER STOCK BOOK. No Description of Paper Date In Stock Date In Stock Date In Stock Notes. 1. The purpose of the book is to keep a continuous record of the paper stock, so that at any time the amount available for use can be ascertained by inspection. 2. It is written up weekly by the employee who is in charge of the stock. 3. The amount of stock can be verified periodically by a reference to the second column. 4. Stock-taking at any time is thus rendered very easy. MANUFACTURING BUSINESSES. 17 PAPER USED BOOK. Date Order No. Name Notes. 1. This book is written up by the employee who has charge of the paper. 2. As each portion is given out he enters it in the book, from which it is written up into the " Cost Book," which see. 18 FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR CASH Dr. CASH. Amount Bank Accounts received Cash Sales Fo. Fo. Cash Discount Sundries £ s d £ s d £ ■ d £ s d £ s d £ • d Notes. 1. By means of the columns the cash transactions are analysed continuously and a good deal of posting obviated. MANUFACTURING BUSINESSES. 19 BOOK. CONTRA. Or. Amount Bank Accounts paid Working Expenses Fo. Fo. Cash Discount Sundries £ s d £ » d £ a d £ s d £ s d £ s d 2. The totals of the columns for " Bank," " Discount," " Cash Sales," and " Working Expenses," are posted monthly to the Ledger, while the items in the other columns are posted individually to the Ledger. 20 FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOK PETTY CASH BOOK. Stamps. £ s d Telegrams. £ s d Exchanges. £ s d Sundries. £ s d Total. £ s d MANUFACTURING BUSINESSES. 21 WAGES BOOK. Week ending . Name. Employ- ment. Rate. Wages earned. £ s d Deductions. Hours off. Amount Fines £ sd £sd Extra work. Hours. Amount ~! £ sd Pay. £ s d 22 FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR GENEEAL LEDGER CUSTOMERS' LEDGERS PURCHASE LEDGER... PRIVATE LEDGER In usual form. MANUFACTURING BUSINESSES. 23 DIRECTIONS FOR BALANCING A SET OF BOOKS. 1. Make out the following Lists : — (a) A list of the balances in the " Accounts Rendered " Ledger, on paper ruled with three columns, headed " Good," " Doubtful " and " Bad." Put in the first column those amounts which are sure to be paid, in the second those about which the payment is not quite certain, and in the third column those which are quite irrecoverable. Then take a percentage off the total of the " Doubtful" accounts and add the remainder to the " Good " accounts. The total is the value of the accounts due to the business, the balance being charged against the profits of the year. (b) A list of the balances in the Invoice Ledger. (c) A list of all balances in the Private Ledger in two columns ; putting the Dr. Balances — Assets, or sums owing to the business — in the left-hand column, and the Cr. Balances — Liabilities, or sums owing by the business, including Capital (which the business owes to the owner) in the right- hand column. 2. Add up the Invoice Book and the Day Book. 3. Find the total of each column on both sides of the Cash Book for the year. 24 FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR 4. Take stock, and value it at cost price, deducting an allowance to cover depreciation on old stock. 5. Frame the Profit and Loss Account thus — Stock at end of year (see 4) Add: Goods sold, per Day Book £ Cash sales, per Cash Book Deduct : Goods bought, per Invoice Book Wages Stock at beginning of year Gross Profit Deduct : Working expenses, per Cash Book Discounts paid, less re- ceived, per Cash Book Bad Debts and allow- ance to meet doubtful debts (see 1 (a)) .., Allowance for depreciation of furniture and fittings, say 10% Net Profit MANUFACTURING BUSINESSES. 25 6. Frame the Balance Sheet thus — (a) Take a double page of ruled paper. (b) Head one side " Assets" and the other side " Lia- bilities." (c) Place under " Assets " i. The accounts due by customers (see 1 (a)). ii. The value of the stock (see 4). iii. The amount in the Private Ledger Account for 44 Furniture and Fittings," less an allowance for depreciation (see 5). iv. The balance in bank, which ought to be the same as the difference between the 44 Bank " columns in the Cash Book, after taking into account the balance at the beginning of the year. v. The balance on the Cash Book— cash on hand. vi. Any other Dr. Balances in the Private Ledger ; that is, any other assets. (d) Place under " Liabilities " i. The accounts due to wholesale houses (see 1 (6)). ii. Any Cr. Balances in the Private Ledger ; that is, any other liabilities. iii. Balance standing at the credit of the owner of the business in the Private Ledger. The difference between the two sides, if the books have been properly kept and the above operations correctly carried out, is the profit or loss for the year,which is carried into Capital Account 26 FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR BALANCE SHEET. Assets. Accounts due by Custo- mers, per list (total of balances on Ac- counts Rendered Led- ger) .. Stock, per separate list Furniture and Fittings, per separate list . . Cash on hand and in Bank . . £ s d Liabilities. Accounts payable, per list, (total of bal- ances on Invoice Led- ger) Loans Other liabilities (detail) Capital : — At last Bal- ance Add :— Profit as on oppo site page . . Deduct : — Drawings £ s d MANUFACTURING BUSINESSES. 27 Dr. PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT. Cr. Expenditure. Receipts. £ s d £ s d To working Expenses By Gross Profit :— thus : (total of that column Stock 1892 in Cash Book). Add : — Goods sold . . At the end of the (total of Day Book and Cash Sales) year the entries in that column can be Deduct :-Goods bought classified under the (total of Invoice following heads :— Book) £ Rent and Taxes Stock 1891.. Wages Wages Carriages I Stamps, etc. To Discount allowed, J By Discount received (total in Cash Book) (total in Cash Book) ,, Bad Debts and allow- ' ance to meet Doubt- ful Debts . . „ allowance for depre- \ ciation of Furniture and Fittings ,, Balance being Profit / (carried to Balance / Sheet) £ e 28 FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR MANUFACTURING BUSINESSES. SPECIAL FORM OP TRIAL BALANCE. (For use when Books do not balance.) Dr. Cr. Fol. Accounts. Balance Cash. Debits. Total. Total. Credits. Cash. Balance £ sd £ sd £ sd £ sd £ s d £ sd £ sd £ s d Notes. 1. Each account in the Ledgers is analysed, the cash entries added together and put under " Cash," the debit and credit entries added and put under their heads. When the sum of the columns headed " Total," with the addition of the cash on hand to the first " Total " agree, the books balance. 2. The first and last columns headed " Balance " taken from the Ledger, represent the balances (Dr. and Cr.) which open the account. The balance at the close is the difference between the " Total " columns. FOBMS OF BOOKKEEPING EETAIL BUSINESSES. COMPILED BY J. G. JOHNSTON, C.A., Edinburgh. CONTENTS. PAGE Prefatory Note .. ... ... ... 5 Day Book ... ... ... ... 9 Customers' Pass Books ... ... ... 10 Accounts Kendered Ledger ... ... ... 11 Invoice Book ... ... ... ... 12 Invoice Ledger ... ... ... ... 12 Cash Book ... ... ... ... 14 Cash Sales Book ... ... ... ... 16 Private Ledger ... ... ... ... 16 Directions for framing Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account ... ... ... ... 17 Form of Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account ... 20 PREFATORY NOTE. '"THERE is no doubt that a complete system of Double-entry Bookkeeping, even in the case of small businesses, is the only method which yields satisfactory results, and affords an adequate means of ensuring accuracy in recording accounts. But many tradesmen are deterred from adopting it for two reasons. First, it appears too cumbrous and complex ; then> they consider that they have not sufficient time at their own disposal, nor can they afford to employ a trained bookkeeper, to carry it out properly. By the use of the following forms, however, both of these objections are obviated. The principle involved is that of Double-entry ; and in practice it is carried out with the minimum of time and trouble. The results brought out are precisely those which Double-entry furnishes, while the 6 method is as simple and short as that of the Single-entry system which is more usually employed. The advantages of the system here indicated may be briefly summarised in three words : — 1. Accuracy in recording accounts receivable and payable : the books will not balance if there is an error anywhere. 2. Instant reference to all details at their original source. 3. The immediate and accurate ascertainment of profits at any time that stock can be taken ; and the exhibition of the details. The principal feature in the forms here suggested is the employment of Day and Invoice Books in the shape of Alphabetical Indexes. By this means direct posting to the Ledger is entirely dispensed with. When an account is to be rendered, the initial letter of the customer's name is turned up in the Day Book, and from the entries there recorded, those which are applicable to that customer can be selected with very little trouble. In the larger businesses the Index letters should be sub-divided thus : — Ba, Be, Bi, Bo, Bu, by means of a simple contrivance which is now familiar to all manufacturing stationers. The forms of Books, as they stand, are adapted to the businesses of Grocers, Bakers, Butchers, and those who use pass-books for their customers. By substituting u Accounts rendered" for "Customers' pass-books" the forms are suitable for use by Booksellers and Stationers, Tailors, Cabinet-makers, Drapers, and others, who render Accounts separately. J. G. J. 1 George Street, Edinburgh, November, 1893. FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR Notes on Day Book. 1. This book is used for goods ordered by customers on credit. Goods ordered and paid for at the time are passed through a Cash Sales Book. ■©* 2. The book is in the form of an alphabetical index, for facility of reference. See Notes 3 and 5, and also Prefatory Note. 3. As the goods are sent out they are entered in detail in this book, under the initial letter of the customers' names. 4. At the end of the month the pass-books are written up from the Day Book. The alphabetical arrangement of the book makes this very easy. The total of each pass-book is then transferred to the debit of the customer in the " Accounts Eendered " Ledger, which see. 5. If it be desired to verify the amounts of the pass-books, the totals of the Day Book entries in the outer column during the month can be added together, and the summation of these should be the same as that of the pass-books. 6. At the end of the year the outer column is added up, and the total put in the Profit and Loss Account, (which see, at end). EETAIL BUSINESSES, Co DAY BOOK. Jan. 3 Jan. 16 Jan. 21 Mrs. Cross :— 2 Tins Biscuits at 1/3 . . 10 lbs. Sugar at 2d. . . Mrs. Crombie : — 1 Tin Cocoa 6 lbs. Corn Flour at 4£d. Mrs. Cross :— 4 lbs. Coffee at 1/4 Mrs. Crombie : — 2 doz. Eggs at 1/6 3 doz. Ginger Ale at 1/6 Mrs. Cross : — Box Macaroni . . £ s d £ s d 2 6 1 8 4 2 2 8 2 3 4 11 5 4 5 4 3 4 6 7 6 1 8 1 8 10 FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR CUSTOMERS' PASS BOOKS. Jan. 3 „ 16 „ 21 Mrs. Cross. 2 Tins Biscuits at Is 3d .. 10 lbs. Sugar at 2d 4 lbs. Coffee at ls4d .. Box Macaroni . . £ s d Jan. 3 2 6 1 8 „ 21 5 4 1 8 11 2 Mrs. Ceombie. 1 Tin Cocoa 6 lbs. Cora Flour at 4 Jd 2 Dozen Eggs at Is 6d 3 Dozen Ginger Ale at Is 6d s d 2 8 2 3 3 4 6 12 5 Note. The pass-books are written up monthly from the Day Book, and the totals transferred to the " Accounts Eendered " Ledger, when the books are issued to the customers. RETAIL BUSINESSES. 11 ACCOUNTS RENDERED LEDGER. Jan. 31 Feb. 4 Jan. 31 Feb. 17 Mrs. Cross. To Goods By Cash 11/-, Discount 2d. Mrs. Crombie. To Goods By Cash Notes. £ s d 11 2 12 5 £ s d 11 2 12 5 1. At the close of each month, when the customers' pass- books are written up, the totals are debited to the customers in this Ledger. 2. When an account is paid, the amount is posted from the Cash Book. 3. At the end of the year, the balances — or accounts unpaid — are added up, and the total entered in the Balance Sheet as an Asset. 12 FOKMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOE Ca INVOICE BOOK. Jan. 4 William Carter : — Butter, Cheese, &c. £ s d 12 13 G Jan. 16 James Craig : — Candles, etc. 5 16 2 INVOICE LEDGER. Jan. 4 Feb. 14 Jan. 16 Feb. 3 William Carter. By Goods To Cash, and Discount 24/6 James Craig. By Goods To Cash, and Discount 11/6 £ s d 12 13 6 5 16 2 £ s d 12 13 G 5 16 2 RETAIL BUSINESSES. 13 Notes. 1. As each invoice comes in, it is checked with the Order Book. 2. The amount is then entered in the Invoice Book under the initial letter of the trader's name ; no details need be given, reference being made to the invoice. 3. The invoice is then put away in an alphabetical portfolio in the form of a series of pockets, each of which bears a letter of the alphabet. 4. By means of this portfolio the invoices are classified with- out trouble and can be instantly referred to for details. 5. The Invoice Book is periodically posted to the Invoice Ledger in the same way as the Day Book is posted to the Accounts Eendered Ledger. 14 FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR CASH Dr. CASH RECEIVED. Bank Customers Cash Sales Amount Fol Cash I Disc'nt £ s d £ s d £ s d £ s d Fol £ s d t' s d Notes. 1. The customers' accounts received and discount deducted are posted to the credit of the customers in the " Accounts Eendered " Ledger, and the folio in that Ledger inserted in the column headed " Fol." 2. The accounts paid, and discount allowed, are posted to the " Invoice Ledger," and the folio in that Ledger inserted in the column headed " Fol." RETAIL BUSINESSES. 15 BOOK. CASH PAID. Cr. Bank £ s d Accounts paid Fol Cash Disc'nt £ s d £ £ d Work- ing Exps. £ s d SundHes Pol£ s d Amount £ s d 3. " Sundries " include receipts and payments which do not fall under the other heads, such as interest. The sums are posted to separate accounts in the Ledger and the folio inserted in the columns headed •• Fol." 4. The only items which are posted to the Ledger are : — Accounts Eeceived (to Accounts Eendered Ledger) ; Accounts Paid (to Invoice Ledger), and Sundries (to Private Ledger). The other columns are added up, and the totals used at the end of the year. 16 FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR CASH SALES BOOK. This book is in the usual form, and the total of each day's sales is carried to the Cash Book. PEIYATE LEDGEE. Contains Accounts for : — Capital, Drawings, Loans, Furniture and Fittings, and any other Accounts which are not provided for by columns in the Cash Book, which see. RETAIL BUSINESSES. 17 DIKECTIONS FOR BALANCING A SET OF BOOKS. 1. Make out the following Lists : — (a) A list of the balances in the M Accounts Rendered " Ledger, on paper ruled with three columns, headed "Good," "Doubtful" and " Bad." Put in the first column those amounts which are sure to be paid, in the second those about which tha payment is not quite certain, and in the third column those which are quite irrecoverable. Then take a percentage off the total of the " Doubtful" accounts and add the remainder to the " Good " accounts. The total is the value of the accounts due to the business, the balance being charged against the profits of the year. (b) A list of the balances in the Invoice Ledger. (c) A list of all balances in the Private Ledger in two columns ; putting the Dr. Balances — Assets, or sums owing to the business — in the left-hand column, and the Cr. Balances — Liabilities, or sums owing by the business, including Capital (which the business owes to the owner) in the right- hand column. 2. Add up the Invoice Book and the Day Book. 3. Find the total of each column on both sides of the Cash Book for the year. 18 FOEMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR 4. Take stock, and value it at cost price, deducting an allowance to cover depreciation on old stock. 5. Frame the Profit and Loss Account thus — Stock at end of year (see 4) ... ... ... £ Add: Goods sold, per Day Book £ Cash sales, per Cash Book Deduct : Goods bought, per Invoice Book £ Stock at beginning of year Gross Profit Deduct : Working expenses, per Cash Book Discounts paid, less re- ceived, per Cash Book Bad Debts and allow- ance to meet doubtful debts (see 1 (a)) Allowance for depreciation of furniture and fittings, say 10% Net Profit RETAIL BUSINESSES. 19 6. Frame the Balance Sheet thus — (a) Take a double page of ruled paper. (b) Head one side " Assets" and the other side " Lia- bilities." (c) Place under " Assets " i. The accounts due by customers (see 1 (a)). ii. The value of the stock (see 4). iii. The amount in the Private Ledger Account for " Furniture and Fittings," less an allowance for depreciation (see 5). iv. The balance in bank, which ought to be the same as the difference between the " Bank " columns in the Cash Book, after taking into account the balance at the beginning of the year. v. The balance on the Cash Book — cash on hand. vi. Any other Dr. Balances in the Private Ledger ; that is, any other assets. (d) Place under " Liabilities " i. The accounts due to wholesale houses see (i (&))• ii. Any Cr. Balances in the Private Ledger ; that is, any other liabilities. iii. Balance standing at the credit of the owner of the business in the Private Ledger. The difference between the two sides, if the books have been properly kept and the above operations correctly carried out, is the profit or loss for the year, which is carried into Capital Account 20 FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR BALANCE SHEET. Assets. Accounts due by Custo- mers, per list (total of balances on Ac- counts Rendered Led- ger) Stock, per separate list Furniture and Fittings, £ s d Liabilities. Accounts payable, per list, (total of bal- ances on Invoice Led- ger) Loans Other liabilities (detail) £ s d per separate list . . Cash on hand and in Bank Capital : — At last Bal- ance Add :— Profit as on oppo- site page . . Deduct: — Drawings £ s d £ £ RETAIL BUSINESSES. 21 Dr. PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT. Cr. Expenditure. To working Expenses (total of that column in Cash Book). At the end of the year the entries in that column can be classified under the following heads :— Rent and Taxes Wages Carriages Stamps, etc. To Discount allowed, (total in Cash Book) , , Bad Debts and allow- ance to meet Doubt- ful Debts . . . , allowance for depre- ciation of Furniture and Fittings , , Balance being Profit (carried to Balance Sheet) £ Receipts. ■thus By Gross Profit :- Stock 1892 Add : — Goods sold . . (total of Day Book and Cash Sales) Deduct :-Goods bought ' (total of Invoice Book) £ Stock 1891.. By Discount received (total in Cash Book) FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR SOLICITORS, LAW AGENTS, and OTHEKS. COMP LED BY J. G. JOHNSTON, C.A., Edinburgh. CONTENTS. PAGE. Prefatory Note ... ... .. ... 5 Day Book ... ... ... ... 7 Business Ledger and Accounts Kendered Copying Book 8 Accounts Eendered Book ... ... ... 9 Cash Book ... ... ... ' ... 10 Petty Cash and Postage Book... .. ... 12 General Ledger ... ... ... ... 13 Directions for framing Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account .. . ... ... . 15 Form of Balance Sheet ... ... ... 16 PREFATORY NOTE. r PO the busy lawyer an elaborate system of Double Entry Bookkeeping possesses but little interest. Even if inclination led him to examine it with the view of ascertaining if it could be adapted to the use of his own profession, he would be deterred by the thought that, however well fitted it might be to exhibit to him the progress of the pecuniary portion of his business, the time spent in keeping it up could be more profit- ably employed. Simplicity, therefore, is the first consideration in his mind, outweighing many conveniences which result from the use of complex forms. He may, however, go too far in this direction, and adopt such rudimentary forms as may fail to apprise him of the state of his affairs and thus put him in the position of being almost worse than without any books at all. The following forms are intended to meet the requirements of those who, while not seeking simplicity at the cost of com- pleteness, yet desire to avoid all unnecessary elaboration. The books suggested are, with one exception, in use in nearly every solicitor's office, and by the adoption of that one exception (the " Accounts Rendered" Book) a full system of double entry is accomplished with the minimum of trouble. The special objects attained by the suggested forms are : 1. A complete counter-check. If there is an error any- where the books will not balance till it is set right. 2. The exact profits of the year can be ascertained with precision and with very little trouble. A specimen page of each of the books required is here given, and directions for framing a balance sheet, etc., will be found on page 15. J. G. J. 1 George Street, Edinburgh, November, 1893. FORMS OP BOOKKEEPING FOR SOLICITORS, LAW AGENTS, &C. 7 DAY BOOK. Date Folio Charges £ s d Cash £ s d This book is written up daily from — (1) Office Diaries, (2) Correspondence, (3) Cash Book (" Outlays repayable " Column), and it is posted periodically to the Clients' Accounts in the Business Ledger. BUSINESS LEDGER AND ACCOUNTS RENDERED COPYING BOOK In usual form. FORMS OP BOOKKEEPING FOR SOLICITORS, LAW AGENTS, &C. 9 ACCOUNTS RENDERED BOOK. Date Name. Fol Charges. Outlays. Amount Deduc- tions. Paid. Amount. Date £ s d £ s d £ s d £ s d £ s d This book shows the business charges earned as the accounts thereof are rendered to the clients. The individual amounts are posted from the " Accounts Rendered Copying Book " or from the Business Ledger, as the accounts are rendered. The total of " Charges " is posted monthly to " Accounts rendered" Account in the General Ledger. The " Deductions " are sums taxed off or amounts restricted at settlement. The " Paid " Column is posted from the Cash Book daily. The book shows at a glance what accounts are still unpaid. 10 FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR CASH Dr. CASH. Business Accounts' paid Amount Bank Clients Charges Outlays £ s d £ s d £ s d £ s d £ s d Sundries The totals of the following columns are posted monthly to corresponding accounts in the General Ledger : — "Bank," "Charges," "Outlays," "Outlays repayable," and "Petty Cash." SOLICITORS, LAW AGENTS, AND OTHERS. 11 BOOK. CONTRA. Cr. Amount Bank Clients £^ 3 08 S-i Office Expenses Petty Cash OQ 8 u 02 £ s d £ s d £ s d £ s d £ s d £ s d £ s d The entries in the columns for "Clients," " Office Expenses," and " Sundries " are posted individually to accounts in the General Ledger. 12 FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR PETTY CASH AND POSTAGE BOOK. Receipts. Date. Name. Charged to. Clients. Firm. £ s d £ s d £ s d ABSTRACT of above BOOK. Clients. Week ending. Week ending. Week ending. Week ending. Total for Month. £ s d £ s d £ s d £ s d £ s d Add:— Charged to Firm : SOLICITORS, LAW AGENTS, AND OTHERS. 13 GENERAL LEDGER ACCOUNTS. Accounts Rendered. To Balance, being accounts outstanding ,, Accounts rendered during month. . By accounts received do. ,, Deductions, per Accounts Rendered Book „ Balance, being accounts outstanding Petty Cash. To paid during month By charged against Clients „ transferred to Profit and Loss Office Expenses. Payments. Sala- ries. To paid, for repairs . . ,, ,, salaries „ Rent, less taxes and repairs repaid . . ,, Paid, for stationery Deduct receipts Transferred to Profit and Loss £ s d 40*6 Rent& Taxes £ s d 50 £ s d 23 2 £ s d 5 ft *© o o £ s d £ s d 8 u FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOK GENERAL LEDGER ACCOUNTS (continued). Profit and Loss. By Amount of Accounts rendered To transferred from Office Expenses Account ,, transferred from Petty Cash ,, depreciation on Office Furniture . . ,, sum reserved to cover Bad Debts ,, balance, being profit, transferred to Partners A. B CD Outlays Repayable by Clients. To Balance, being amount outstanding „ paid during month, per Cash Book ,, do. do. Postage Book . By recovered during month, per Cash Book „ Balance, being amount outstanding £ s d I £ SOLICITORS, LAW AGENTS, AND OTHERS. 15 DIRECTIONS FOR FRAMING BALANCE SHEET. Make list of accounts unpaid from " Accounts Rendered " Book. The total should agree with the " Accounts Rendered " Account in the General Ledger. Revise accounts and estimate amount considered irrecoverable. Strike balance on " Outlays repayable " Account in the General Ledger. Make lists of balances due to and by clients on Cash Accounts from the General Ledger. Calculate allowance for depreciation on office furniture (say 10 per cent). Make list of any other balances in Ledger, keeping in view that Dr. balances represent assets and Cr. balances liabilities. Then frame Balance Sheet according to form on opposite page. For Profit and Loss Account see page 14. 16 FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOK SOLICITOUS, LAW AGENTS, &C. BALANCE SHEET. Assets. 1. Accounts outstanding 2. Outlays repayable . . Less : — Sum reserved as against Bad Debts 3. Balances due by Clients 4. Office Furniture 5. Other Assets Liabilities. 1. Debts unpaid 2. Balances due Clients . . 3. Partners : — to A. B. Capital . . Profits . . Less : — Drawings C. D. ■Capital Profits Less : — Drawings £ s d £ s d £ s d FOKMS OF ACCOUNTS FOR THE USE OF STOCKBBOKEBS. COMPILED BY J. G. JOHNSTON, C.A., Edinburgh. CONTENTS. PAGE. Prefatory Note Day Book Contango Journal . . . Cash Book Begister of Transfers Ledger .. 6 8 10 12 14 Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account 15 PKEFATOKY NOTE. 'pHE following forms of Business Books for the use of Stock- brokers have been framed with the view of minimising labour in writing and attaining a compact and concise method of recording the numerous transactions which occur in such a business. It is undoubted that the more writing can be condensed, and the repetition of figures and statements can be avoided, the less is the risk of error ; and the further a system of classification can be applied to accounts, the clearer and more satisfactory will the results appear. In the compilation of the forms these principles have been kept in view, and care has been taken to select such as have the merit of greatest clearness and brevity. J. G. J. 1 George Street, Edinburgh, November, 1893, FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR Dr. DAY Date 'o Buyer (1) Quantity (2) © o J (3) d 5 o 1 < (4) 1 a (5) O H {6 2 m 8 Pj en eS rrt 33 1 (7) o J OS (8) Total £sd £sd £ s a £ s a £sd £ s d Notes. The debtor side shows the whole particulars of each transaction so far as the buyer is concerned, while the creditor side exhibits the seller's share in the same transaction. Columns (1) and (3) on both sides agree in total. STOCKBROKERS. BOOK. Cr. Stock Seller (1) Quantity (2) © o ft (3) (4) (5) (6) 1 it 11 *! 1 ° s |ll si (7) Total . £sd £ sd £ s d £sd £ s d Columns (4) to (7) on the debtor side, and (4) to (6) on the creditor side are posted fortnightly, in total, to the relative accounts in the General Ledger. In posting to the Clients' Ledger, either the individual items in each column may be recorded, or the total alone, in one sum. FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR Cr. A/c 18.. CONTANGO Dr. A/c 18.. Date Quantity Price O 'o Lender Price a B o i < 1 a o O 1 QQ ^3 -1-3 o H 'o ft £sd £sd £sd £sd £ sd Notes. By means of this method the labour of re-writing the trans- actions at the opening of the "Continuation" Accounts is greatly diminished, and the accounts appear in a much more compact and useful form than when they are written out separately in the Journal. STOCKBROKERS. JOURNAL. Dr. A/c 18.. Cr. A/c. 18. Stock Quantity Price -+■= i o j Borrower I Price ! § ■eh M a £sd £sd£sd£sd The entries on the left-hand page refer to the lender alone. The heading of " Cry represents the settlement of the trans- action for " this account," while under the heading of " Dr." the opening of the transaction for " next account " is recorded. The entries on the right-hand side show the corresponding items on the part of the borrower. 10 FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR Dr. CASH BOOK. Cr. Bank Drafts 'o ft Cash Paid into Bank 'o ft a o 3 EP p a * i CO c3 O P a Edinburgh Glasgow Cash £sd £ sd £sd £sd £sd £sd £sd £sd STOCKBROKERS. 11 Note. The columns for the bank transactions are posted to the Ledger once a fortnight, in total, thus saving individual posting each day. 12 FORMS OF BOOKKEEPING FOR REGISTER Date Descrip- tion Consideration money Transferor's Certificate No. 2 From whom received Date Sent to Date 55^ O o <- £ s d STOCKBROKERS. 13 OF TRANSFERS. Transferee's Certificate Transferor Received | Sent Acknow- ledged No. Transferee 14 FORMS FOR BOOKKEEPING FOR CLIENTS' LEDGEE in usual form. GENEEAL LEDGEE containing the following Accounts : — Partners. Office Furniture. Bank Account (posted fortnightly in total from Cash Book). Transfer Fees and Stamps : Credit side posted from Day Book. Debit side posted from Cash Book. The Balance represents Fees and Stamps not settled for with Companies, &c. Deposits, &c. Any other Assets and Liabilities. Commissions. Interest. Eent and Taxes, Salaries, and Office Expenses. STOCKBKOKERS. 15 BALANCE SHEET. Assets. Amounts due by B. D. & Co., as per List £ Office Furniture . . £ Less for Deprecia- tion Deposits, &c. . . Other Assets (detail) Balances in Bank : — London Edinburgh . . Glasgow Liabilities. Amounts due to B. D. & Co., as per List £ Transfer Fees and Stamps pay- able Other Liabilities (detail).. Partners :— A.B £ \ Profits.. CD .. £ * Profits - PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT. Dr. Rent and Taxes . . Salaries Office Expenses Depreciation on Furni ture .. £ Balance, being PROFIT. Commission received . . £ Less paid Cr. Interest FOKMS OF HOUSEKEEPING BOOKS AND INVESTMENT KEGISTEK AND CALENDAK OF INCOME. COMPILED BY J. G. JOHNSTON, C.A.. Edinburgh. CONTENTS. PAGE. Prefatory Note Housekeeping Cash Book General Cash Book Investment Register Dividends Received Calendar of Income 7 8 10 11 12 PREFATORY NOTE Section I. — Housekeeping Books. • r PHE following forms have for their object the summarising of outlay,so as to avoid the necessity of making a detailed analysis when it is desired to ascertain how much has been expended under any one head. The notes appended to the forms sufficiently explain the mode in which the Books which they represent are kept. Section II. — Investment Register and Calendar of Income. The purpose of these forms is to keep a complete record of all investments and of the income derived therefrom. Two or more pages are set aside for each investment. On the first leaf a memorandum of full particulars is written, and in the succeeding pages the dividends or interest received are duly noted. By this means a full history of the origin and progress of each transaction is placed on record. The memorandum of particulars is so arranged as to show the profit or loss on the disposal of stocks and shares purchased. The Calendar of Income is in the form of an Index, by reference to which the dividends and interest receivable at any given date are brought into view. J. G. J. 1 George Street, Edinburgh, November, 1893. FORMS OF HOUSEKEEPING BOOKS AND INVESTMENT REGISTER & CALENDAR OF INCOME. HOUSEKEEPING CASH BOOK. Jan. Table Butcher's Bill 43/4, Coals 35/- Cook 40/-, Housemaid 23/4 Gas A/c.ioo/-, New Goblet 5/- Cook— extra assistance 7/6 Grocer's A/c.£3/2/6,Sweep2/- Dairy A/c. 15/-, Fish 3/4 . . Handsel to Scavenger 1/- . . Window Cleaning if-, Mend- ing iod £ s d 2 3 4 326 18 4 Coals and 1 Wages Gas i General up-keep £ s d 1 15 o 500 6 4 2 1 6 15 o £ • d 334 V 6 3 10 10 £ ■ d 5 o 2 O 8 10 Sundry £ s d Total £ s 3 18 3 3 5 5 7 3 4 16 19 10 (1) Housekeeping Cash Booh. This is kept for the purpose of recording purely " house- keeping" outlay. Each item expended is entered in its appropriate column, according to the heading under which it comes : e.g., money spent for food is entered under " Table," while "window cleaning" finds a place under "General Up-keep." At the close of each month all the columns are added up, and the total is transferred to the General Cash Book. FORMS OF HOUSEKEEPING BOOKS AND GENERAL Jan. Balance on hand Cash irom A., £50 paid into Bank Taxes, &c, £5 6s. 8d. Dressmaker's Account, £7 3s. sd. Gratuity, 2s. 6d.. . New Sofa, &c, £18. Drawn from Bank, £20. Gloves, 2s. 6d. Wool, 5s. 4d. Drawn from Bank, £10 Dividend from P.Q.Co., £25 ios.,paid into Bank. Subn. to Royal Infirmary.ios Drawn from Bank, £15 Painter's Account, £4 2s. 6d. Collections, 5s. Holiday expenses for F., £6 House for month, per Housekeeping Cash Book Balance (2) The General Cash Book, which records all receipts and payments other than those included in the first book. When the book is begun, the amount of cash on hand is entered under "Receipts — Cash," and as each sum is subse- quently received it is put in the same column. If a cheque is drawn on the Bank Account, it is entered in the next column, and the total of the two columns at the end of the month shows the whole amount of cash to be accounted for. The manner in which it is accounted for appears under the heading of " Payments." Each payment is entered in its appropriate column, as in the Housekeeping Cash Book. If there are INVESTMENT REGISTER AND CALENDAR OF INCOME. CASH BOOK. Receipts Payments Cash Cheques on Bank Dress Furnish- ing, Repairs, & Taxes , Sub- scriptions Paid into Bank Miscel- laneous Total £ s d 15 50 25 10 £ s d 20 O 10 15 £ s d 7 3 5 2 6 £ s d 5**6 8 18 426 £ ■ d "2 6 10 5 £ s d 50 25 10 £ s d 5 4 600 16 19 10 £ s d 50 12 12 7 18 7 10 26 10 7 6 16 19 10 1 2 3 90 10 45 7 5" 27 9 2 17 6 75 10 23 5 2 135 10 £i35 10 o sums in different columns on one line the addiiion of them is put in the "Total" column: if there is only one sum, that is put in the same column. At the end of the month the amount of the housekeeping out- lay, as appearing from the first book, is inserted under "Miscellaneous," and the cash on hand is put in the last column. If then nothing has been omitted, the amount of the "Total" column will agree with the amount of the first two columns, and the correctness of the account-keeping will be proved. 10 FORMS OF HOUSEKEEPING BOOKS AND INVESTMENT REGISTER. Company — The Oriental Investment Company, Limited. Description of Stock — Ordinal y Shares. Number of Shares or amount of Stock— 500 Shares Nos. of Shares— 2,743 to 3,242. Amount paid up per Share— £7 10 Liability per Share— £2 10 \ Call, 15th May, 1891 10 10 £8 10 £1 10 Number of Certificate or Debenture Bond-632. Date— 13th May, 1888. Date when bought— 1st May, 1888. Price— 9. Amount paid— £4,523 Add Calls paid— 15th May, 1891 500 £5,023 Deduct accrued dividend included in price 74 11 8 £4,948 8 4 Date when sold— 1st January, 1892. Price— I0£(c.d.) Amount— £5,250 Deduct accrued dividend included in price 127 13 5,122 10 Profit.. .. .. £174 1 8 INVESTMENT REGISTER AND CALENDAR OF INCOME. 11 DIVIDENDS RECEIVED. 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 July I an. 1 ulv 1 an. I ulv I an. 1 uly 1 an. 1 Half-year's dividend at 6% Less— proportion thereof to date of purchase (1 May) Half year's dividend at 7% Do. do. 6% Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 5% 4% 4% 5% included in price of Stock sold Equivalent to about 4^% on Capital invested. £ s (l 112 10 74 " 8 £37 18 4 131 5 112 10 93 15 75 75 93 15 127 10 £746 13 4 12 FORMS OF HOUSEKEEPING BOOKS AND INVESTMENT REGISTER AND CALENDAR OF INCOME. CALENDAR OF INCOME. JANUARY. Date Stock or Shares 500 sh. £300 100 sh. £500 Investment. Oriental Investment Co., Limited . . Great Eastern 4% Debenture Stock Commercial Bank of Scotland Limited Promissory Note by J. S Rate ; Dividend expected £ s d 131 5 o 5 17 o 140 o o 12 IO O FEB. JUNE. JULY. Accountancy and Law Publications. GEE & CO., PUBLISHERS, 34 MOORGATE ST., LONDON, E.C The Accountant, The Recognised Weekly Organ of Chartered Accountants AND Accountancy throughout the World. Volumes Commence in January and July. Contents T HE ACCOUNTANT is published weekly, in time for Friday evening's mail, and is the medium of communication between the members of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales and Accountants generally throughout the World. Leading Articles. Weekly Notes. Correspondence. Current Law. Lectures and Debates on Bookkeeping, with Specimens of Accounts. Auditing, Liquidations, etc. LAW REPORTS SUPPLEMENT which contains reports of all decisions of importance as to Administrations ; Company Winding-up ; Bankruptcies ; Mercantile Law ; and Partnerships. Subscriptions Yearly . , 24/- „ .. 26I- Half- Yearly .. 13/- Post free, United Kingdom ,, *. 14/ ,, Abroad. Payable in Advance Che Accountants; Journal (With which is Incorporated the Accountants Students' Journal.) Annual — is per annum Subscription i/O post free* ALTERATIONS Many important Alterations and Improvements AND were introduced in Volume XXII., which com- IMPROVEMENTS.' menced in May 1904. The general Contents of the paper are designed CONTENTS. more especially to meet the requirements of Accountant Students, and especially Exami- nation Candidates. A Concise Summary of the effect of all important legal decisions appears in each number. At least one original Article appears in each issue dealing with some matter of interest to Accountant Students. Arrangements have been made for a Serial PRIZE Competition, that is, one extending through COMPETITION. several numbers, and a Prize awarded to the best Answers given on Questions of general interest. % Each Students' Society has been invited to STUDENTS' nominate a contributor to send monthly a short SOCIETIES. account of what is being done by his Society ; and it is intended to give as much freedom as possible to the matters that may be discussed thereunder, so that within reasonable limits each Society may consider that it has a portion of the Journal at its own disposal to discuss such matters as it may consider of importance. All readers are invited to make use of the CONTRIBUTIONS. Correspondence column ; and careful consider- ation will be given to all original Articles forwarded for insertion, which, if approved, will be paid for at the usual rates, unless the author wishes them to appear under his name, in which case no payment can be made. Back numbers of the Journal (bound, half-calf, VOLUMES. gold lettered) can be obtained, Vols. I.-XII. price 7/6 each or 72/- for the set of 12 ; and Vols. XIII. to XXI. price 8/6 each. SUBSCRIPTION ORDER FORM. Date To Messrs. Gee & Co., 34 Moorgate St., London, E.C. Please supply "The Accountants' Journal," monthly, until further notice. Enclosed is remittance for being the amount of year's Subscription in advance. Name Address Cbe Accountants* Cibrarp. This important Series of Handbooks, which is being issued monthly, deals with Systems of Bookkeeping suitable for all classes of undertakings. The following Volumes (which complete the first series) have already been issued. NET PRICE S d I.— Bank Bookkeeping and Accounts (Meelboom) .. ..SO II.— A uctioneers* Accounts (Dicksee) 3 6 III.— B uilders' Accounts (Walbank) 3 6 IY.— Agricultural Accounts and Income Tax (Meats) .. ..5 Y.— Theatre Accounts (Chantrey)* 3 6 YI.— Co-operative Societies' Ac- counts (Sugden) 5 YII.— Gas Accounts (The Editor) 5 YIII.-Mineral Water Manu- facturers' Accounts (Lund & Richardson) " 6 IX.— Stockbrokers' Accounts (Callaway; 6 X.— Grain, Flour, Hay, and Seed Merchants' Accounts (Johnson) 3 6 XL— P olytechnic Accounts (Marshall) .. XI L- Solicitors' Accounts (Dicksee) XIIL— Pawnbrokers' Accounts (Thornton & May) XIY.-Engineers' and Ship- builders' Accounts (Burton) .. XY.— T ramway Accounts (McColl) Triple Number XYL— Australian Mining Com- panies' Accounts (Godden & Robertson) XYIL— Printers' Accounts (Lakin- Smith) XYIIL-Medical Practitioners' Accounts (May) XIX.— Water Companies' Accounts (Key) XX.— Fishing Industry Accounts (Williamson) .... price s d 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 10 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 To Subscribers these are published at the special rate of as. 6d. per volume (3s. od. per " Double " volume). Sub- scriptions can still be received at this reduced rate by those desirous of obtaining the whole Series, but the back volumes must be paid for ea bloc, (£2 17s. 6d. for the first series; £2 10s. od. for the first 16 volumes of the second series.) Subscribers who may not ivish to acquire the whole of the back volumes may, however, commence their Subscription with Vol. XXI. Single copies of any volume may be obtained at the ordinary rates as detailed above. For Subscription Order Form see next page. CDe Accountants' Cibrarp. (SECOND SERIES) C INSCRIPTIONS are now invited for a Second Series of volumes which are being issued monthly in connection with this publication. The first sixteen issues (Vols. XXI. to XXXVI. of the whole Series) have now been published as follows:— XXL— MUNICIPAL ACCOUNTS. (Allcock) Triple Number, 10/6 XXII.— UNDERWRITERS' ACCOUNTS. (Spicer & Pegler) 3/6 XXIII. JEWELLERS' ACCOUNTS. (Allen Edwards) Double Number, 5/- XXIY.-MULTIPLE - SHOP ACCOUNTS. (Hazelip) 3/6 XXY.— BUILDING SOCIETIES' ACCOUNTS. (Grant-Smith) 3/6 XXVI. DEPRECIATION. RESERVES, AND RESERVE FUNDS. (Dicksee) 3/6 XXYIL— QUARRY ACCOUNTS. (Ibotson) 3/6 XXYHL— FRIENDLY SOCIETIES' ACCOUNTS. (Furnival Jones) 5/- XXIX.— ELECTRIC LIGHTING ACCOUNTS. (Johnson) 5/- XXX.— FRAUD IN ACCOUNTS. (Editor) 3/6 XXXI.- DRAPERS' ACCOUNTS. (Richard- son) 3/6 XXXII. -WINE MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS. (Sabin) Double Number, s/- XXXIIL— DAIRY ACCOUNTS. (Rowland) 3/6 XXXIV.— BRICKMAKERS' ACCOUNTS. (Fox) 3/6 XXXY.-TIMBER MERCHANTS' ACCOUNTS. (Smith) 3/6 XXXYI.-I^SURANCE COMPANIES' ACCOUNTS. (Tyler) Triple Number, 10/6 It is expected that the two Series will comprise about 50 volumes in all. the next volumes of the series will be: — XXXYIL— HOTEL ACCOUNTS, by Lawrence R. Dicksee, M.Com., F.C.A. (Ready Feb. 1905.) XXXYIIL— COTTON SPINNERS' ACCOUNTS. By William Moss, F.C.A. Arrangements have already been made for the following subjects to be dealt with (but not necessarily in the order stated). Applications are, however, invited from competent authors desirous of undertaking further suitable subjects : — Domestic Tradesmen's Accounts. Laundry Accounts. Publishers' Accounts. School Accounts. Shipping Accounts Tailors' Accounts. Trustees', Liquidators', and Receivers' Accounts. SUBSCRIPTION ORDER FORM. To Messrs. GEE & CO. * Vols. I. to XX. Dear Sirs, — / request you to forward to me Vols. XXI. to end of whole of the Volumes "The Accountants' Library" as published, and I hereby agree to pay for the same at the special subscription rate of 2s. 6d. net for each single Volume, and 3s. 9d. net for each Volume issued as a "Double N timber." Name Date Address * Strike out two lines, in accordance with your requirements. PRICE 2s. 6d. net. The Questions and Answers, with list of Successful Candidates, for the Institute December 1904 Examinations, being Part I. of Vol. X. Vols. I., II., III., IV., V., VI., VII., VIII., and IX. Price 12 / 6 net each, except Vol. III., price 10 j 6 net, or 90 j- the set. Bound in Cloth, and Gold Lettered. . Terms of Subscription, 3/6 per annum, Including Index Biennially. CDc Accountants* Manual A most valuable fund of information concerning various points of Practice and Law Relating to the Profession is that contained in the Questions and Answers of the Institute Examinations. The above Volumes comprise the back numbers of the Questions and Answers with oopious and carefully-prepared Indices. By this means an extremely valuable mass of information, which for some time had only been available to the Student for Examination purposes, is thrown open to practitioners; and the series— comprising a complete professional code that will be in daily request— should find a place on the shelf of every member of the Profession. Throughout the Series, the Answers have been written with the utmost care, and the views of specialists have been obtained in all cases where there has been the slightest doubt as to the correct practice. In the preparation of the Indices, the greatest pains have been taken to frame them in accordance with the requirements of Chartered Accountants, and all points of law that have been rendered obsolete by recent legislation have not been indexed. The Series forms one of the most valuable Contributions to the literature of the Profession. The first Volume comprises the Examination Questions and Answers from December 1884 to June 1887 (both inclusive) ; the second Volume includes those from December 1887 to June 1890 ; the third Volume comprises the Questions and Answers from December 1890 to June 1892 ; the fourth Volume, the Questions and Answers from December 1892 to June 1894 ; the fifth Volume, the Questions and Answers from December 1894 to June 1896; the sixth Volume, the Questions and Answers from December 1896 to June 1898 ; the seventh Volume, the Questions and Answers from December 1898 to June 1900 ; the eighth Volume, the Questions and Answers from December 1900 to June 1902 ; and the ninth Volume, the Questions and Answers from December 1902 to June 1904 (both inclusive). The Questions and Answers published after that date will form the succeeding Volumes, which it is proposed to issue every other year. To those who have subscribed for these Questions and Answers as and when issued, the Indices will be supplied separately, price- 2/6 each, and ^will ' thus be obtainable for binding up with Subscribers' oxrn sets. To Annual Subscribers, how- ever, the Index is supplied free of further charge. Recommended in the Official Syllabus for the C.P.i. Examinations (New York). GEE & CO., Publishers, 34 Moorgate Street, London, E.C. 128 PAGES. PRICE 5/- NET. ELECTRIC LIGHTING ACCOUNTS. By George Johnson, F.S.S. F.C.I.S. *J*HIS WORK, which forms Vol. XXIX. of " The Accountants* Library," deals very fully with the Accounts of Electric Lighting Companies. It is divided into 18 Chapters as follows :— Summary of Contents. Introduction.— Income and Expenditure.— Costs and Charges. —Purchase, Storeage, and Record of Stores and Materials. — Invoices.— Inwards Account Book.— Allocation of Stores and Materials Issued.— Stocktaking. — Wages. — Salaries. — Other Books of Account .—Statements for Board.— Depreciation and Renewals.— Set of Pro forma Transactions :— (a) Balance Sheet for Opening Entries; {b) Journal; (c) Cash Transactions; (d) Ledger ; (e) Trial Balance ; (/) Revenue Account ; (g) Balance Sheet; (h) Auditors' Certificates (Company's and Board of Trade) ; (i) Accounts set out in Board of Trade form.— Company Books.— Insurances. — Factory and Workshops Act, 1901. GEE & CO., PUBLISHERS, "&££%£" Order Form. 190. . To Messrs. Gee & Co., 34 Moorgate Street, London. Please supply cop of ELECTRIC LIGHTING ACCOUNTS. Enclosed is remittance for Name Address Third Edition. — Enlarged and Amplified. ROYAL 8yo., CLOTH, PRICE 10s. 6d. NET. Chartered Accountants' Charges and the Law Relating Thereto FRANCIS BY w. PIXLEY, of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law ; and Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales; Author of "Auditors," &c. ONE of the great wants of Members of the Profession is a Standard work of the Charges of Chartered Accountants to which they can refer their Clients, when asked either to quote a fee for future services or to support an account of Charges already rendered. The Third Edition of this work has been considerably enlarged, and contains many valuable decisions in the Courts affecting an Accountant's Remuneration. It also contains the Scale of Charges which prevails amongst the leading practising London Chartered Accountants for Auditing, making Investigations, etc. The Charges of Liquidators, under the Winding-up Act of 1890, and of Voluntary Liquidators. The Charges of Special Managers and Trustees in Bankruptcy, Receivers in Chancery, Judicial Trustees, etc. The Charges for Assisting Debtors and Directors of Companies in Liquidation in the preparation of the Statement of Affairs. The Charges of Arbitrators, Witnesses, etc. Also a Chapter on the Law relating to Commission, so far as it is likely to affect Chartered Accountants. It contains also model Bills of Charges ; to these are added Tables whioh show at a glance the calculations from one hour to one hundred days, of seven and eight hours each, at every rate per day. ORDER FORM To Messrs. Gee 6t Co., 34 Moorgate Street, London. Date. Please supply me with cop 0/ Chartered Accountants' Charges. " (Third Edition) for which I enclose Name Address Advanced Accountinq BY LAWRENCE R. DICKSEE, M.Com., F.C.A. Professor of Accounting at the University of Birmingham (Author of " Auditing, "Bookkeeping for Accountant Students," etc.) Crown 4to- hOO Pages, price One Guinea net. THIS WORK will be found of the greatest value to Candidates for the Final Examination of the Institute, and to all serious Students of Accounts. In addition to an exhaustive treatment of the subject from an Accountant's point of view HN RPPENDIX is included, which has been written by J. E. G. de MONTMORENCY, B.A., LL.B. (Cantab.), of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law, dealing with the law relating to Accounts, and the requirements of the Courts and of Lawyers in connection therewith. This Work is divided into 26 Chapters and 2 Appendices, as follows: — -Bookkeeping Without Books. -Cost Accounts. -Depreciation, Reserves, Reserve Funds and Sinking Funds. -Payments by Instalments and Interest. -The Form of Published Accounts. -The Criticism of Accounts. -Miscellaneous Problems in Accounts. -Periodical Returns. -Accounts for Litigation. -The Law Relating to Accounts. -MiscellaneousQuestions on Accounts. Chapter I —Introduction. ChapterXVIII _ II.- —Capital and Revenue. „ III.- —Organisation of Accounts. „ XIX „ IV.- —Methods of Balancing. _ XX M V. —Branch Accounts, &c. u VI. —Tabular Bookkeeping. >' VII.- —Stock Accounts and Store Accounts. ■ XXI _ VIII.- —Partnership Accounts. u XXII H IX. —Company Accounts. w X. —Vendors' Accounts. K XXIII H XL —Executors' Accounts. _ XII. —The Double Account System. _ XXIV. m XIII. — Income Tax. XIV. — Bankruptcy and Insolvency „ XXV. Accounts. XXVI. ■ XV. —Liquidation Accounts. Appendix A. XVI. — R ECONSTRUCTIONS AND Amalgamations. B ■ XVII — Falsified Accounts. Index ORDER FORM. .190 To Messrs. GEB & CO., 34 Moorgate Street, London. Please supply me with...: cop 0/ ADVANCED ACCOUNTING, tor which I enclose Name. .. Address. 5/- PER DOZ. SAMPLE COPY, POST FREE, 6d. HANDY TRIAL BALANCE BOOK. This little book is designed with a view to meeting the modern demand for efficiency in all that appertains to the Counting House, and its appli- ances. It SAVES TIME, LABOUR, AND TEMPER. The Account Headings are printed, and ample space is allowed for extra- ordinary Headings, so that all that is required to ensure a Perfect Balance is to fill in the figures — that is to say, you provide the figures, and The Book does the rest. To Bookkeepers who take an intelligent interest in their work, Students and qualified Members of the Accountancy profession, and to the much-occupied Proprietor or Manager who desires to keep a correct record of the salient points of his Business in a handy waistcoat-pocket form, the book is INVALUABLE. The scheme of arrangement is sufficiently wide to embrace all kinds of Businesses, and the method adopted is Simplicity Itself. London : GEE & CO., Printers and Publishers, 34 Moorgate Street, EX. 92 Pages. Demy 8vo. Price s/6 net. Pfatffli nun HcS®tffliniits THIS Work, which is Volume XXX. of "The Accountants' Library" Series, deals with the methods of circum- venting Frauds on the part of both Employees and Directors, and shows how they may be detected at an early date. GEE & CO., Publisbers, 34 Moorgate Street, London, E.C. Order Form. — 190.. To Messrs. Gee & Co., 34 Moorgate Street, London. Please supply .cop of FRAUD IN ACCOUNTS. Enclosed is remittance for Name Address SECOND EDITION. PRICE 7s. 6d. NET. Whinney's Executorship Law and Accounts. By Frederick Wrjinney, Junr., Barrister-at-Law, assisted by Arthur P. Van Neck. Barrister-at-LaW. With an Appendix coQtaining an Epitome of a Will and a Set of Executorship Accounts. By 0. F- Wtynney, F-C.fl GEE & CO., Publishers, 34 Moorgate Street, London, E.C. THIRD EDITION. REVISED AND ENLARGED. Demy 8vo, Cloth Lettered. Price 3s. 6d. net. ealdicott's Executorship Accounts. By Oswald Y\o\t Caldicott, f.C(\. Being a Complete Set of the Trust Recounts of the late A. Bradshaw, Esq., with Explanatory Text. Brought up to Date. GEE & CO., Publishers, 34 Moorgate Street, London, E.C. 3rd Edition. Now Ready. Price 2l6 net. H6e©nnimtt§ BY Percy Child, A.C.A. '"PHIS work is full of examples dealing with the difficulties of the subject. The accounts are reconciled with the law, thereby illustrating fully how the two are to be read together. Partnership deeds also take a prominent position in this work. In short, the whole subject is dealt with in such a manner that it is confidently anticipated that all the many obstacles will be removed. The greatest care has been exercised in dealing with this difficult subject, and with the object of illustrating every available point. GEE & CO, PUBLISHERS, "fifigW' Order Form. 190.. To Messrs. Gee & Co., 34 Moorgate Street, London. Please supply cop of PARTN ERSH I P ACCOUNTS. Enclosed is remittance for Name Address PRICE 10\6 NET. Tramway BOOKKEEPING AND Mce©Matfc By Donald McGoll (Glasgow Corporation Tramways). This Work is based upon the very thorough and up-to-date methods in operation in the Glasqow Corporation Tramways Department, and will be of considerable service to Tramway officials and others interested in Tramways both here and in America. GEE & CO., PUBLISHERS, 34 L M onK t I.c St - Order Form. .190. To Messrs. Gee & Co., 34 Moorgate Street, London. Please supply cop of TRAMWAY ACCOUNTS. Enclosed is remittance for Name. .. Address. Third Edition. 170 pages. Demy8vo. Price 3/6 net. JUST PUBLISHED. ©©tteepinigj FOR COMPANY g^ SECRETARIES Ico'ZTc.a. 'pHIS Work (which is founded upon a course of lectures delivered under the, auspices of the Council of the Institute of Secretaries) deals very fully with those questions in relation to Book- keeping, a knowledge of which is essential upon the part of every Company Secretary. It will, therefore, be found of the greatest value to all who occupy — or expect to occupy — that position, and also to all Accountant Students. GEE & CO., PUBLISHERS. ^ZTc*™*' ©rder Form. 190.. To Messrs. Gee «£ Co., 34 Moorgate Street, London. Please supply cop of BOOKKEEPING FOR COMPANY SECRETARIES. Enclosed is remittance for Name Address PRICE 10/6 NET. POST FREE. MuflMdipsifl ReeflMimttSo by John Allcock. '"PHE entire system of Bookkeeping and checking of Municipal Accounts is dealt with, and facsimiles of all books and forms recommended are given. Summary of Contents. Ordering Goods, and Preliminary Measures relating to Accounts ; Checking Accounts ; Presentation of Accounts ; Schedule of Cheques ; Income and Expenditure Ledger ; Works Accounts ; Estimate and Expenditure ; Rates ; Electricity Accounts ; Corporation Stock ; Registration of Stock ; Private Improvement ; Works Accounts ; Exchequer Contribution Account ; Town Hall Lettings ; Police Pension Fund Account ; Petty Cash, &c, &c. ; Insurance of Workmen ; Audit. GEE & CO., PUBLISHERS, 34 L ^° D ^ AT iJ T - Order Form, To Messrs. Gee & Co., 34 Moorgate Street, London. Please supply cop of MUNICIPAL ACCOUNTS. Enclosed is remittance for Name . . Address . A MUNICIPAL INTERNAL AUDIT BY ARTHUR COLLINS. Chief Audit Clerk, Borough Treasurer's Department, Blackpool, Hon. Sec. to the Lancashire Students' Society of the Institute of Municipal Treasurers and Accountants (Incorporated). rpHIS WORK will be found to be of especial importance to Municipal Financial Officers, Auditors of Municipal Accounts, Students of Muni- cipal Accountancy, and members of the Profession engaged in the keeping and audit of Municipal Accounts. GEE & CO., PUBLISHERS, 34 MOORCATE ST., LONDON, E.C Order Form. 190. To Messrs. Gee