WALTER JARVIS BARLOW HISTORY OF MEDICINE COLLECTION BIOMEDICAL LIBRARY. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES h [frontispiece.] Sir Al.lRliU LEWIS JOXES,^K.C.M.G. LIVET(POOL SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE HISTORICAL RECORD 1898 ■ 1920 AH THE UNIFERSITr PRESS OF LIVERPOOL. 1920 //; THE INCORPORATED ^. LIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE Founded by Sib ALFRED LEWIS JONES, K.C.M.G. {Affiliated with the University of Liverpool) Hon. President : H.R.H. PRINCESS CHRISTIAN (Princess of Great Britain and Ireland) Chairman : Sir FRANCIS C. DANSON Vice-Chairman : Professor R. CATON, C.B.E. Hon. Vice-Presidents : THE EARL OF DERBY, K.G. VISCOUNT MILNER, G.C.B. LORD PIRRIE, K.P. LORD LEVERHULME Sir EDWARD MEREWETHER, K.C.V.O. Sir OWEN PHILIPPS, K.C.M.G. Mr. O. HARRISON WILLIAMS COMMITTEE: Sir H. J. READ, K.C.M.G. Colonial Office Vice-Chancellor J. G. ADAMI, F.R.S. University of Liverpool Professor R. CATON, C.B.E. «. [• Shipowners' Association Council of University of Liverpool Mr. H. wade DEACON J Professor W. HERDMAN, C.B.E., F.R.S. ) ,,..,. }■ Senate of University of Liverpool. Professor J. M. BEATTIE j j . r Mr. T. WOODSEND \ , , „ . , \ Royal Southern Hospital Mr. E. G. BUCKLEY j Mr. C. booth ) \ Steamship Owners' Association Mr. T. F. HARRISON j Mr. a. R. MARSHALL Mr. W. ROBERTS Mr. R. B. MILLER West African Trade Association. Mr. j. W. ALSOP, O.B.E. Mr. G. BROCKLEHURST Mr. C. LIVINGSTON Mr. j. W. W. DANSON Mr. DAVID JONES Professor E. W. HOPE, O.B.E. Professor E. GLYNN Captain R. RANKIN, Hon. Treasurer Mr. S. EVANS, Acting Secretary, H 24-25, Exchange Buildings, Liverpool iii Profei Lecturers Honorary Statistician Honorary Lecturer in Tropical Sanitation STAFF, 1920 JOHN WILLIAM WATSON STEPHENS, M.D., Cantab., F.R.S. Sir Alfred Jones Professor of Tropical Medicine ROBERT NEWSTEAD, J.P., F.R.S. , M.Sc, A.L.S., F.E.S., Dutton Memorial Professor of Entomology WARRINGTON YORKE, M.D., Walter Myers Professor of Parasitology B. BLACKLOCK, M.D., D.P.H., Lecturer on Parasitology HENRY FRANCIS CARTER, S.E.A.C. Dipl., F.E.S., Lecturer on Entomology ALWEN M. EVANS, M.Sc, Assistant Lecturer on Entomology Prof. E. W. HOPE, M.D., D.Sc, Lecturer on Municipal Sanitation T. SOUTHWELL, A.R.C.Sc, F.Z.S., Assistant Lecturer on Parasitology WALTER STOTT WILLIAM THOMAS PROUT, M.B., C.M.G. Physician Royal Infirmary, Liverpool . JOHN WILLIAM WATSON STEPHENS, M.D., Cantab., F.R.S. The Manios Research Laboratory Director . . . HAROLD WOLFERSTAN THOMAS, M.D., CM. Research Assistants . ROBERT McCOLL BURNIE, M.B., Ch.B. RUPERT MONTGOMERY GORDON, M.B., Ch.B. CHARLES JAMES YOUNG, M.B., Ch.B. IV THE MARY KINGSLEY MEDAL This medal was struck in commemoration of the work of the late Miss Mary Kingsley in West Africa, and is conferred in recognition of distinguished scientific achievement. HONORARY RECIPIENTS Her Royal Highness Princess Christian Lord Lister The Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain Prince Auguste d'Arenberg Mrs. Pinnock Mr. William Adamson Professor WiUiam Carter RECIPIENTS 1905— Colonel Sir David Bruce, K.C.B. Geheimrath Professor Robert Koch Dr. A. Laveran Sir Patrick Manson. K.C.M.G. 1907— Professor Danielewsky Dr. Charles Finlay Mr. W. M. Haffkine Professor Golgi Colonel Gorgas Professor Theobald Smith (913- Professor Fred V. Theobald 1917— Dr. Griffith Evans 1919— Dr. J. W. Scott Macfie The Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 191 Sir WilHam Macgregor, G.C.M.G. Professor R. Blanchard Dr. Anton Breinl Professor Angelo Celli Dr. C. W. Daniels Surgeon-General Sir Alfred Keogh Colonel W. G. Kmg Professor Nocht Professor G. H. F. Nuttall Major Leonard Rogers Professor J. L. Todd Surgeon-General Walter Wyman 1920 — Major E. E. Austen, D.S.O. Dr. A. G. Bagshawe Dr. Andrew Balfour, C.B. Dr. A. L. G. Broden Mrs. Chalmers, in recognition of the work of the late Dr. A. J. Chalmers Professor B. Grassi Professor R. T. Leiper Professor F. Mesnil Dr. Edmond Sergent Dr. C. W. Stiles Dr. T. Zammit CONTENTS PAGE Committee, 1920 .......... iii Staff, 1920 .......... iv Mary Kingsley Medal ........ v Historical Record, 1898-1920 ....... i Appendix I : ' Who's Who '........ 67 Appendix II : Expeditions 73 Appendix III : Papers published by Members of the Staff . . -jj Appendix IV : Diploma in Tropical Medicine .... loi Vll LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Sir Alfred Lewis Jones, K.C.M.G. . Sir Rubert Boyce, F.R.S. The Right Hon. Joseph and Mrs. Chamberlain H.R.H. Princess Christian Plague Investigation .... Feeding Mosquitoes .... First Laboratory of the School A. H. Milne, C.M.G Title Page — Memoir I . . . . Walter Myers The Walter Myers Memorial Tablet Second Laboratory of the School William Johnston ..... Runcorn Research Laboratory — Exterior . Runcorn Research Laboratory . J. Everett Dutton ..... The Mary Kingsley Medal Title Page — Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology- Volume XIII Diploma for Grand Prix — Franco-British Exh Commemorative Diploma — Japan-British Exhib Lord Leverhulme ..... The Rubert Boyce Memorial . Exhibit of Liverpool School of Tropical Medic: Diploma of Merit, Dresden Exhibition, 191 1 Sir Francis C. Danson .... Richard Caton, C.B.E Diploma — Ghent Exhibition, 191 3 The Sir Alfred Lewis Jones Tropical Ward, Royal Infirmary Plan of Freetown — Site of the Sir Alfred Lewis Jones Tropical Laboratory ...... Frontage of Third Laboratory of School .... Entrance Hall ........ Library ......... Lecture Theatre ........ Museum ......... Main Laboratory ......... Entomological Department ...... Roof of New Laboratory ...... bition, 1908 tion, 1910 ne, Dresde . Frontispiece Facing page 2 » 4 12 14 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 38 40 40 42 44 46 46 48 5° 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 66 66 66 Vlll Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine HISTORICAL RECORD 1898-I92O Introduction In the following pages, we give some account of the inception of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine in 1898, and its history from that time to the present. The main scientific achievements of the School are here recorded in mere outline, but even so serve to explain the world-wide reputation the School has won. These pages have, however, another purpose — to perpetuate those names which have been closely associated with the School in its varying activities in the past. Greatest among them is that of our founder, the late Sir Alfred Lewis Jones, K.C.M.G. ; and those who are aware of the early struggles of the School will associate with his name that of the late Sir Rubert Boyce, F.R.S., whose untiring enthusiasm for tropical medicine many of us can still recall. Nor can we forget the debt we owe to all who have helped to make the School what it is to-day — the Royal Southern Hospital, the Royal Infirmary, the University, the City of Liverpool, and the large body of public-spirited business men, who have given so freely to the School their financial support. We commemorate also the names of former members of the Staff of the School, some of whom died in its service. The names of the late Walter Myers and J. Everett Button are known, not only to us, but to all students of tropical medicine. The event which has called forth this record is the official opening of the third laboratory of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. The Laboratory has now associated with it : — (i) The Sir Alfred Lewis Jones Tropical Ward at the Royal Infirmary, Liverpool ; (2) The Manaos Research Laboratory in Brazil, and (3) The Sir Alfred Lewis Jones Tropical Laboratory in Sierra Leone (in course of erection.) In the struggle against tropical diseases the part played by the School in the past has been worthy of its founders and of the city of its birth. It has sent thirty-two scientific expeditions to the tropics. It has published twenty-one scientific memoirs, and has issued the ' Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology ' from 1907 to the present time. The School has recently appointed three research workers to the Manaos Research Laboratory, and the new laboratory at Sierra Leone will also be staffed by the School. There can be little doubt that this new method of attack, viz., that of continuous research into the diseases of a given locality at their place of origin will lead to results as important as those achieved by our scientific expeditions in the past. As this record shows, the School has received very generous support, and it has every confidence that this support will be continued in the new era before it. Tojiuc p. SiK Rl BERT BOVCE. E.R.S. 3 Inception of The loss of human hfe in our West African i8q8 the School ^ and other tropical possessions caused the Rt. Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, Secretary of State for the Colonies, in 1898, to urge upon the medical authorities of this country the necessity for research into the nature of tropical diseases, and the desirability of affording special instruction to medical officers proceeding to the Tropics. On March nth, 1808, Mr. Chamberlain addressed a Mr-Chamber- ' '' ' lain s letter circular letter to the General Medical Council and the MedfcTcouncii leading Medical Schools of the United Kingdom, pointing *° ° *" out ' the importance of ensuring that all medical officers selected for appointments in the Tropics should enter on their careers with the expert knowledge requisite for dealing with such diseases as are prevalent in tropical climates, and that it was very desirable that, before undergoing such special training, the future medical officers of the Colonies should be given facilities in the various medical schools for obtaining some preliminary knowledge of the subject. ... I would be prepared,' he added, ' to give preference in filling up medical appointments in the Colonies to those candidates who could show that they had studied this branch of medicine, especially if some certificate or diploma to that effect were forthcoming.' To this letter the General Medical Council replied : Genera" Medical ' while the Council is not prepared to recommend that tropical medicine should be made an obligatory subject of the medical curriculum, it seems highly advisable, in the public interest, that arrangements should forthwith be made by the Government for the special instruction in tropical medicine, hygiene, and climatology of duly qualified medical practitioners, who are selected for the Colonial medical service, or who otherwise propose to practise in tropical countries.' Council i8g8 Mr. Chamber- Iain's circular to Colonial Governors London School of Tropical Medicine On May 28th, 1898, Mr. Chamberlain addressed a circular to the Governors of all Colonies. After summarising the steps which had been taken, he went on to say : — ' The great mortality among Europeans in such climates as those of the West African Colonies and Protectorates has not failed to attract my notice from the first, as it had that of my predecessors in ofhce, and towards the end of the year 1897, largely through the interest taken in the matter by Dr. Manson, who had succeeded Sir Charles Gage-Brown as medical adviser of the Colonial Office, my attention was more definitely directed to the importance of scientific inquiry into the causes of malaria, and of special education in tropical medicine for the medical officers of the Crown Colonies. ' In pursuance of the second of these two objects, it was clearly advisable {a) that a special Training School in Tropical Medicine should be established, where officers, newly appointed to the medical services of the Colonies and Protectorates, might be given systematic instruction, with special facilities for clinical study, before leaving England to take up their appointments, and where doctors already in the service might, when on leave, have opportunities of bringing their professional knowledge up to date ; [b) that all the leading medical schools in the United Kingdom should be invited to give greater prominence than hitherto in their schemes of study to tropical medicine ; (c) that the medical reports periodically sent from the tropical Colonies and Protectorates should be recast on one uniform type, designed to throw light on the diseases which are most prevalent in tropical countries, and to indicate the methods likely to be most successful in pre- venting or curing such diseases.' The result of this circular was the official formation of the London School of Tropical Medicine.* A totally * Staff appointed, May, 1899; teaching commenced, 2nd October, 1899; officially opened, October 3rd, 1899. The Rt. Hon. lOSEPlI and AIks. CHAMBERLAIN To face p. 4. 5 unlooked-for result was the formation of the Liverpool 1898 School.* This came into being slightly before the London ^]^ooi°of School, and was entirely due to the energy and public spirit SlieTicine of two men : Alfred Lewis Jones and Rubert Boyce. At the Annual Dinner of the students of the Royal Mr. a. l. -^ Jones, offer Southern Hospital, held on November 12th, 1898, Mr. A. L. Jones made the announcement that he was prepared to contribute ;^35o per annum for three years to promote the special study of tropical diseases. This offer was accepted by Mr. William Adamson, the President of the Royal Southern Hospital, in the following letter : — ' 9 Sunnyside, ' Prince's Park, ' Liverpool. ' Alfred L. Jones, Esq., J.P., ' 14th November, 1898. ' Liverpool. * Dear Sir, ' Your liberal offer to contribute ;^350 per annum for the study of Tropical Diseases in connection with the Royal Southern Hospital was received with considerable enthusiasm on Saturday evening, and on behalf of the Committee of that Institution I sincerely thank you. ' It is the intention of the Committee to pull down all the block of houses, towards the purchase of which you so generously contributed, opposite to the Hospital in Caryl Street, and, thus having a clear open space, to erect in the centre various necessary buildings, among others one where the special work designed by your munificent offer will be more advantageously carried out than by having cases of Tropical Diseases scattered through the general wards as they are at present. ' Ever since its foundation our Hospital has had a far larger number of such cases than probably all the other Hospitals put together, in fact, we are seldom, if ever, without several at any one time, and sometimes there are many. ' The Laboratory part of the work would be well handled at the University College, but the proximity of the Southern Hospital to the Docks, especially your steamers, points to this Institution as being the one where the Clinical part must be done if the safety of the patients is to be considered. * Dean appointed, January 2cth, 1899; Demonstrator in Tropical Pathology, February 7th; Lecturer in Tropical Medicine, April loth ; teaching commenced. May, 1899; officially opened, April 22nd, 1899. 1898 Letter from Secretary of the Royal Society in support of project ' As you are one of the Committee of this Hospital it would be most gratifying to all of us and the town at large if a suitable building in the space named, and containing a necessary number of beds, could be erected at once and called after your good self as the founder. ' I remain, ' Most truly yours, William Adamson. ' P.S. — If my memory serves me correctly the Government subsidised a number of beds in the Royal Southern Hospital for the use of the soldiers returned from the Ashanti War.' In support of the project, Principal Glazebrook received the following letter from Dr. Michael Foster, Secretary of the Royal Society : — ' The Royal Society, ' Burlington House, ' London, W. ' 1 8th November, 1898. ' My Dear Glazebrook, ' I think the idea of starting something at Liverpool about Tropical Diseases in connection with the College, most admirable. The opportunities of studying Tropical Diseases are greater at Liverpool than anywhere else in England, excepting perhaps London. ' You have to arrange : — ' I. For teaching. ' 2. For Investigation. ' No. 2 wants, I think, more support than No. i. ' If you have a ward, say at the Southern Hospital, one of the physicians might take charge of it, and give lectures, clinical at the Hospital, and general say at the College — I suppose you might give him a title. ' For investigation you do not, I think, need a separate Labora- I tory at College, but a small Clinical Laboratory at the Hospital itself. At this Clinical Laboratory ordinary observations would be made ; any prolonged research would be carried on at the Pathological Laboratory of the College, there is room enough there. ' The next point, I am in doubt about. I am inclined to think that the Pathology of Tropical Diseases should belong to the Professor of Pathology, who should, by virtue of this have some connection with the Tropical Diseases Ward in the Hospital, have access to the cases, &c. But he would need an assistant Pathologist, specially told off to take care of the Pathology of Tropical Diseases, a young man, qualified, not a student, say at a salary of ;^25o or so. He, under the Professor, should have command of the Clinical Photo hy Russell & Sons, H'indsor. 'To face p. 6. H.R.H. PRINCESS CHRISTIAN (Princess of Great Britain and Ireland) Laboratory, and free access to cases ; whether he should give Lectures or Demonstrations only might be arranged between him and the Professor. ' This system of a Pathologist working with the Physician or Surgeon in Clinical charge of the sick is being very largely worked with great success in America, and this Tropical Disease seems to offer an opportunity for it. ' I have talked with Lord Lister, and he generally approves of what I have proposed, at least, thinks it most desirable that the Hospital and College should lay hold of Tropical Diseases. ' I myself feel very strongly that it is an opportunity of study of these diseases. ' When the experts on Malaria sent out to Africa get to work on the West Coast, as they will in time do, it will be a great advantage to have an Institution for Tropical Diseases already in work at Liverpool. The experts abroad can work with the men at home. ' Ever yours truly, ' M. Foster.' 1898 This correspondence was circulated and a meeting convened by Mr. A. L. Jones at the offices of Messrs. Elder, Dempster & Co., on Wednesday afternoon, November 23rd, 1898, to consider the question of the treatment of malaria cases. The following were present : — Alfred L. Jones ; William Adamson, President of the Royal Southern Hospital ; R. T. Glazebrook, F.R.S., Principal of University College, Liverpool ; William Alexander, M.D., F.R.C.S., Senior Surgeon of the Royal Southern Hospital ; WiUiam Carter, M.D. (Lond.), F.R.C.P. (Lond.), Physician to the Royal Southern Hospital, Professor of Thera- peutics, University College, Liverpool ; Rubert Boyce, Holt Professor of Pat^hology, University College, Pathologist Royal Infirmary, Bacteriologist to the Liverpool Corporation, and Consulting Pathologist Royal Southern Hospital. Mr. Alfred L. Jones was appointed Chairman, and Mr. William Adamson, Vice-Chairman. The following Resolutions were unanimously passed : — I. 'That the gentlemen present form themselves into a Committee, with the approval of their various boards, for promoting the study of Tropical Diseases, Original Meeting and formation of a Committee 8 , 1898 and to consider the best means of carrying out Mr. Alfred L. Jones' intentions in the munificent offer he has made to further the above object.' 2. 'That Mr. Charles W. Jones (of Messrs. Lamport and Holt) be asked to serve on this Committee.' It was decided that the above resolutions be printed, and that Mr. Alfred L. Jones hand a copy to the Rt. Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, Secretary of State for the Colonies. The Committee recommended that before the next meeting, the Professional Members should meet together to consider and suggest the best means for practically carrying out these objects. Mr. Samuel James was appointed Secretary to this Committee, A second meeting of the Committee was held on Monday, Dec. 12th, 1898. A letter, dated Dec. ist, 1898, from Lord Ampthill, of the Colonial Office, to the Chairman was read : — ' Dear Mr. Jones, ' I have shown your letter of the 28th ult. with regard to the School of Tropical Medicine, which you have started in Liverpool, to Mr. Chamberlain. He was much interested and very glad to hear of the important work you have thus commenced. ' You are no doubt aware of what Mr. Chamberlain has been doing himself with regard to the establishment of a School of Tropical Medicine at the Seamen's Hospital, and he considers it a great advantage that Liverpool should be co-operating on similar lines. ' If it would interest you, I should be very glad to send you particulars of the Colonial Oihce scheme and information as to what has been done already, but I dare say that you have learnt all that is essential from the newspapers. ' Yours very faithfully, ' (Signed) Ampthill.' It was announced that Mr. Charles W. Jones had consented to serve on the Committee. The professional members forming the Sub- Committee presented the following report : — There are already in connexion with University College, Schools of Art, of Law, and of Hygiene. Following the analogy of these schools, the Committee suggest the formation of a per- manent Joint Committee to manage the school, to be called the Committee of the Liverpool School of Tropical Diseases. Such a Committee should include : — 1. Representatives of Merchants and Ship Owners of Liverpool, viz. : (rt) Two Representatives nominated by the Liverpool Chamber of Commerce. (b) Two Representatives nominated by the Steamship Owners' Association. (c) Two Representatives nominated by the Sailing Ship Owners' Association. 2. Two Representatives nominated by the Committee of Management of the Royal Southern Hospital. 3. Two Representatives nominated by the Council of University College. 4. Two Representatives nominated by the Staff of the Royal Southern Hospital. 5. Two Representatives nominated by the Senate of University College. This Committee should have the General Management of the School in accordance with a scheme to be agreed upon by the College and the Hospital, should be responsible for the administration of the funds available for the School, and should nominate, for appoint- ment by the authorities of the College and the Hospital, those members of the Staff of the School who did not hold office ex-officio in virtue of other appointments As to the Lecturer in Tropical Diseases, it is important that the Committee of the School should be in a position to contemplate the possibility of a gentleman being appointed to this post who is not a member of the staff of the hospital. The Committee suggest that arrangements might be made whereby the Lecturer for Tropical Diseases should be appointed Consulting Physician for Tropical Diseases to the Royal Southern Hospital and thus have access to the cases in the Hospital. The Staff should consist of the following Members : — 1. Ex-officio : The Physicians of the Hospital. The Surgeons of the Hospital. The Professor of Pathology. The Hospital Tutor. 1898 Committee Duties of Committee Appointment of Lecturer Staff lO i8q8 Qualifications o{ Students CertiBcate of Tropical Diseases Finance — A. Annual Expenditure B. Capital Outlay Government recognition 2. Members nominated by the Committee : The Lecturer in Tropical Diseases. The Demonstrator of Tropical Pathology. Must be qualified medical men of this or foreign countries, or 5th year students. In other circumstances special application must be made. At the end of the course an examination will be held, and a certificate will be awarded to successful candidates. The Committee recommend that : — 1. The Lecturer in Tropical Diseases receive a salary of not less than ;^250 per annum, and some share of the students' fees. 2. That the Demonstrator of Tropical Pathology receive a salary of ^^200 per annum. 3. That an annual sum of ^^loo be allowed for expenses in connection with the special Ward and Laboratory of the Hospital. 4. That for the expenses connected with the Laboratory Course at University College, an annual sum of ^75 be allowed. 5. That for expenses connected with the Tropical Diseases Museum, an annual sum of ^^25 be granted. The total of the annual expenditure is ;^500. The Committee are of opinion that to meet the cost of printing and other incidental expenses, an additional sum of ^£100 a year should be provided, thus making the total annual sum necessary to carry the scheme into effect, £600. Additional buildings are needed at the Hospital and College. The Committee think that their scheme should be regarded in the character of a national undertaking — that it should receive national as well as local support. The Hospital are owners of a large and very eligible site in immediate contiguity to the present Institution, which they are willing to devote to the purpose the Committee have in view. It is felt that for the erection of buildings worthy of the reputation of the city and of the reputation which they believe this School will speedily attain, a capital expenditure of from j^6,ooo to ^10,000 will be required for building purposes. Similarly, in connection with the Thompson-Yates Laboratories, requisite space for additional accommodation in connection with the Museum of Pathology and Aduseum work-room can be provided in part of the old buildings of the Medical School adjacent to the present Museum, at a capital expenditure of ^2,500. In order that the work of the School may be carried on with effect, the Committee think it of the utmost importance that the Government should recognise its Courses of Study and Certificates, II and that the School should thus be placed in this respect on an equality with any other School of Tropical Diseases that may be established in London or elsewhere. The Committee point out that gentlemen intending to take up appointments in the Colonies either under the Government or in civil positions, or to become Medical Officers of ships trading to Tropical Countries, and others who might wish to avail themselves of the advantages afforded by the School, would probably hesitate to do so if they felt that a Certificate, carrying with it what would appear to be a Government recognition of superiority, was to be obtained exclusively elsewhere. Establishment It was moved by Principal Glazebrook, of the Liverpool , , , ^ ^ i i School of seconded by Dr. Carter, and unanimously SSes agreed that the foregoing suggestions by the Sub-Committee be accepted. Dr. Carter, Principal Glazebrook, and Mr. Alfred L. Jones were appointed a Deputation to wait upon the Rt. Hon. Joseph Chamberlain and lay the scheme before him. 1898 1899 Appointment of Demonstrator At a meeting of the Committee, held on January 20th, 1899, it was decided to advertise for a lecturer in tropical diseases, at a salary of £250 per annum and a proportion of students' fees. Professor Boyce was appointed Dean of the Liverpool ^jPg,"'"^"*®"* School of Tropical Diseases. On February 7th, Dr. H. E. Annett was appointed Demonstrator in Tropical Pathology to the Liverpool School of Tropical Diseases, at a salary of ;£200 per annum, payable quarterly from February ist, 1899. Dr. Annett was thus the first salaried official of the School. The following sums of money were voted : — I. Royal Southern Hospital. (a) For sundry alterations in rooms adjoining the Thompson Ward and fitting the same as a laboratory, not exceeding ... ... ;£ 100 {b) Apparatus for the above ... £38 12 i899 Hon. Treasurer Hon. Secretary Representatives of Chamber of Commerce on the Committee Application for Government aid and recognition Letter from Dr. Koch foreshadowing foundation of German Tropical Institute 2. University College. (a) Thompson-Yates Laboratory, not exceeding £135 (b) Books for special tropical diseases library... £50 Mr. John O. Strafford was authorised to sign cheques and transact other business as Treasurer for the School. It was intimated that Mr. James' duties at the Royal Southern Hospital would not permit of his continuing to do the secretarial work of this Committee, and it was decided to appoint Mr. Alan Hay Milne, Under-Secretary to the Chamber of Commerce, provided that body were willing that he should accept the post. On March 2nd, Dr. E. Adam and Mr. J. O. Strafford were appointed on the Committee as representatives of the Liverpool Chamber of Commerce. A letter, dated February ist, from the Colonial Office was read, in which it was stated that Mr. Chamberlain was very glad to learn that it had been decided to establish this School, but regretting that the Government could not grant any financial aid ; however, in the selection of candidates for medical appointments in the Colonies, preference would be given to those who had received instruction in tropical medicine, such as that provided in the Liverpool School. A further letter from Mr. Chamberlain, dated February 23rd, stated that at present all doctors appointed to the Colonial Service must be attached to the Albert Docks' Hospital for at least two months. It was resolved (i) to write to the Colonial Office and express regret that Mr. Chamberlain did not see his way to dispense with the latter condition in the case of students from the Liverpool School ; and (2) to approach the Colonial Office on the subject later. Dr. Koch, having been invited by Professor Boyce to attend an inaugural dinner, replied, regretting his inability to do so as he was about to proceed on another expedition. 13 He added : ' it is intended to found in Germany an institu- tion for instruction and research in tropical hygiene and diseases.' On March 20th, Professor Boycc announced that Lord Lister had written stating that he intended to approach Mr. Chamberlain on behalf of the School, and it was therefore resolved to postpone further action in the matter pending receipt of information concerning the result of Lord Lister's interview. A letter was received from the Steamship Owners' Association, dated March 14th, stating that Messrs. J. W. Hughes and Charles Booth, jun., had been appointed to represent the Association on the Committee of the School. The date of the inaugural dinner was fixed for April 22nd, to suit the convenience of Lord Lister, A draft circular appealing for subscriptions to the School was submitted for consideration. It was reported that a meeting of the Consuls in Liverpool had been held on March 9th, and that the Consuls had resolved to bring the School before the notice of their respective Governments. Letters were received from the Consuls for Mexico, the United States of America, Italy, and the Argentine Republic, stating that they had now done so. On April loth. Professor Boyce stated that the Profes- sional Sub-Committee recommended the appointment of Major Ronald Ross, I. M.S., to the post of tropical lecturer ; Professor Boyce having made a statement regarding the qualifications of Major Ross, it was unanimously resolved that he be appointed lecturer to the School, at a salary of £250 per annum and a proportion of students' fees, subject to the approval of University College and the Royal Southern Hospital. 1899 Lord Lister's endeavour to obtain Government recognition Representatives of Steamship Owners' Association on Committee Inaugural Dinner Support of Consuls Major Ross appointed Lecturer to tlie School H 1899 Representatives of Ship Owners' Association on Committee Appointment of Ittajor Ross approved by the Council of University College A letter was received from the Ship Owners' Association, dated March 29th, nominating Colonel Goffey and Mr. J. Chadwick as their representatives on the Committee of the School. Letters were received from the Consuls for Liberia, Serbia, Peru, Costa Rica, San Domingo, and Spain, stating that they were bringing the School to the notice of their respective governments. On May ist, letters were received from the Principal of University College, stating that the Council approved the appointment of Major Ross, and from the Royal Southern Hospital, stating that Major Ross had been elected Honorary Consulting Physician for tropical diseases at the Hospital. At this time the constitution of the Committee and Staff was as follows : — COMMITTEE Mr. Alfred Jones, Chairman. Mr. William Adamson, President of the Royal Southern Hospital V ice-Chairman. Principal Glazebrook and Mr. Charles W. Jones, Council of University College. Professor R. W. Boyce, Dean, and Professor A. M. Paterson, Sejiate of University College. Dr. W. Alexander and Professor W. Carter, Royal Southern Hospital. Mr. J. O. Strafford and Dr. E. Adam, Hon. Treasurers, Liverpool Chamber of Commerce. Mr. C. Booth, jun. and Mr. J. W. Hughes, Liverpool Steamship Owners'' Association. Colonel J. Goffey and Mr. J. Chadwick, Liverpool Ship Owners^ Association. Mr. A. H. Milne, Hon. Secretary. STAFF Major R. Ross, Lecturer on Tropical Diseases. Dr. H. E. Annett, Demonstrator in Tropical Pathology. Teaching commenced in May of this year. A. n. MILNE, C.M.G To face p. 14. 15 The sum of ;^30 was voted towards the maintenance and training in tropical diseases of three nurses to be suppHed by the Colonial Nursing Association. The following were appointed to act as a Finance Sub-Committee : — Messrs. W. Adamson, C. Booth, jun., C. W. Jones, J. Chadwick, J. W. Hughes, and J. O. Strafford. A letter, dated April 19th, was read from the Chairman, offering to arrange for a deputation to the. King of the Belgians, and also a telegram to the Chairman from his Belgian agent, dated May ist, to the effect that the King would probably receive a deputation on May 6th. The minute adds : ' this date not being convenient, it was left to the Chairman to arrange a suitable date.' At the next meeting of the Committee, on May 29th, letters from the Chairman, dated May 7th and 12th, were read, suggesting that this matter should not be pressed at present. On June 12th, the Committee having sanctioned the expenditure of £1,200 per annum for three years, it was resolved to inform Major Ross that his salary of £250 per annum would be guaranteed at any rate for three years. A letter was received from the Belgian Consul-General, informing the Committee that the Belgian Government had officially appointed Dr. G. van Neck to visit Liverpool and report on the School. 1899 Colonial Nursing Association Formation o( Finance Sub-Committee Interest ot Belgian Government in the School 1st Expedition On the advice of Major Ross, an Expedition was organised to proceed to West Africa, consisting of Major Ross, Dr. H. E. Annett, Mr. E. E. Austen — the services of the last-named being lent by the trustees of the British Museum, his expenses being paid by the Chairman of the School — and Dr. van Neck, of the Belgian Government, who paid his own expenses. The Colonial Office, India Office, and Foreign Office were unable i6 1899 to offer any pecuniary assistance, but the Colonial Office instructed the Sierra Leone Government to give every facility to the work of the Expedition. The British Medical Association sent a cheque for £100, to be used solely for the purposes of the Expedition. The Expedition sailed to West Africa on July 29th. On August 17th, a cable was received from Major Ross, saying that the Expedition had discovered the ' malaria mosquito,' and asking for an assistant. The Colonial Office were asked to provide an assistant, but they were unable to do so : it was accordingly resolved to send out Dr. R. Fielding Ould, at the expense of the School, with a view to his remaining in West Africa after the return of the original Expedition. It was decided that he be paid for his services at the rate of ;^ 100 per annum, and that he be requested to sail in four days' time. 2nd Expedition Dr. Fielding Ould subsequently visited the Gold Coast and Lagos. On October 30th, the Secretary reported that the Japanese Government had appointed an official to study at the School. Royal Society Professor Boycc stated that certain members of the Commission on Malaria Royal Society Commission on Malaria would shortly proceed to the West Coast of Africa, and suggested that the School should offer to defray the expense of their passages to the Coast, The Chairman having notified his readiness to defray the passages of the members of the Commission in question, Principal Glazebrook was authorised to convey that fact to Lord Lister, on the understanding that advantage would be taken of the opportunity to impress upon Lord Lister the fact that the School desired official recognition at an early date. I? On January 8th, the first Annual Report of the School 1900 was approved and ordered to be pubHshed. feporf"""^' The following: circular, addressed by Mr. Chamberlain Partial *^ -^ Government to Colonial Governors, was received : — recognition * Downing Street, nth November, 1899. 'Sir, ' I have the honour to transmit to you, with reference to previous correspondence, the accompanying copies of the Syllabus of the London School of Tropical Medicine. ' 2, In this Syllabus, the rate of the tuition fees chargeable to students is stated, and the enclosed print contains supplementary information regarding the fees for board and residence. ' 3. The School is now open and I shall be glad to learn whether you concur in the following arrangements which it is proposed to make for the training of Colonial Medical Officers : — ' (rt) All Colonial Medical Officers who may in the future be selected by the Secretary of State, will be required " to undergo a course of instruction for two months at the School. ' {b) The cost of the tuition fees and also the fees for board and residence during the above period will be borne by the Colonial Government under which the Officer is about to be employed, each Officer being required to sign an Agreement with the Crown Agents for the Colonies by which he will be bound to repay to the Colonial Government the total amount of these fees in the event of his relinquishing his appointment within three years from the date of his arrival in the Colony for any other reason than mental or physical infirmity. ' {c) In the case of Medical Officers already in the service of a Colony who may desire, or who may be required to undergo a course of instruction in tropical medicine when they are on leave in this country, the tuition fees, but not the fees for board or residence, will be paid by the Colony. ' 4. A School of Tropical Diseases has been recently established at the University College, Liverpool, and as it is excellently equipped for the teaching of Tropical Medicine, I propose that Officers already in the Colonial Service shall be allowed to receive their instruction there instead of at the School in London, if they desire to do so. Newly appointed Officers will, however, always be sent to the latter School. '5. It will be seen from the second enclosure in this despatch that, under these arrangements, the total cost of training a newly B i8 1900 Memoir I Increased Expenditure appointed Officer will be ^30 17s. 4d., while, in the case of an Officer already in the Service, the cost will only be ^ll 12s. od. These sums are so small when compared with the advantages which will result from the introduction of the new scheme that I am taking steps to bring it into operation in anticipation of your concurrence. ' 6. In the case of Officers already in the Colonial Service, you should give me as early an intimation as possible of their desire to receive instruction, and, if the School in London is selected by an Officer, it should be stated whether he wishes to reside at the School itself, in order that arrangements may be made, if possible, for his accommodation there. ' I have the honour to be, 'Sir, ' Your most obedient, humble Servant, J. Chamberlain. ' The Officer Administering ' the Government of ' On February 8th, it was announced that Memoir No. I, Instructions for the Prevention of Malarial Fever, was rapidly being sold out and might require a second edition. 3rd Expedition A Malaria Expedition, consisting of Drs. Annett, Button, and Elliott, was dispatched to Nigeria on March 21st. It was decided that the doctors named should be paid at the rate of £'25 per month. Mr. Chamberlain commended the Expedition to the High Commissioner of Southern Nigeria, who subsequently set apart government buildings for the use of the Expedition On April i8th, a telegram was received from Dr. Annett, stating that the Expedition had already discovered Anopheles. On April 30th, it was unanimously resolved that the annual grant of the School to the Royal Southern Hospital be increased to £200, and Major Ross' salary be increased to £300, and a bonus of £75 be awarded to the Honorary Secretary. On May 14th, it was announced that a London firm had ordered 1,000 copies of Memoir I. LIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE. MEMOIR 1. INSTRUCTIONS PREVENTION OF MALARIAL FEVER FOR THE USE OF RESIDENTS IN MALARIOUS PLACES FIFTH EDITION AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF LIVERPOOL 1900 To face p. iS. 19 A letter was read from Mr. C. P. Lucas, dated May 4th, 1900 asking that a statement regarding the work of the School might be furnished to the Colonial Ofhce, with an additional statement of what the School requires from the Government. It was resolved that a statement be drawn up, and that the Government be asked to make a financial grant to the School in addition to giving full recognition in the matter of students. On June 4th, a letter was received from the Foreign Office, stating that Lord Salisbury was considering the terms of the arrangements to be made for a special course of tropical medicine for medical officers in the various African protectorates, under the administration of the Foreign Office. On Tune i8th, a letter was received from the Colonial Demand for publications Office, ordering 400 copies of Memoir I, Instructions for the Prevention of Malarial Fever. A pubhc meeting was held in Liverpool on June 25th, PubUc with Mr. A. L. Jones in the Chair, the speakers being Professor Boyce, Dr. Carter, Major Ross, Dr. Fielding Ould, Professor Flexner, and Dr. Durham. On the motion of the Chairman, seconded by Mr. E. K. Muspratt, and sup- ported by Principal Dale, the following resolution was carried unanimously : — ' That steps should be immediately taken by Her Majesty's Government to improve the conditions of life for Europeans in the tropics in every possible direction, by the segregation of Europeans, improved sanitation, better water supply, clearance of bush near towns, light railways to the mountains, and such other means as science may direct ; and that the Liverpool Chamber of Commerce be requested to co-operate with the School, and to ask the Govern- ment to receive a joint deputation on the subject.' 4th Expedition An Expedition, consisting of Dr. Durham, Grocers' Research Scholar, and Dr. Walter Myers, John Lucas Walker Student, was dispatched on 20 IQOO June 30th to study yellow fever on the Amazon. It was decided that Drs. Durham and Myers should be paid a salary of £25 a month while serving on the Expedition. At the invitation of the Treasury Department of the U.S.A. Marine, the Expedition visited the Marine Hospital Bureau and Laboratory at Washington, and at the invitation of Dr. Sternberg they subsequently proceeded to Cuba to visit the Yellow Fever Commission of the U.S.A. Government. Nigeria Expedition. Important scientific discovery Housing of students Appointment of Assistant Lecturers Recognition by On August 3rd, a letter was read from the Government Colonial Office, dated July 12th, giving the School full recognition by placing it on the same terms as the London School with regard to newly- appointed medical officers and their courses of training : and also one from the Foreign Office, dated July 5th, enclosing a circular to the African Protectorates, stating that all doctors who may in future be selected for appoint- ments in the Protectorates must take out an eight weeks' course of instruction at either the London or Liverpool School. On August 4th, a telegram was received from Dr. Annett, stating that the Expedition had discovered the parasite of elephantiasis in the proboscis of Anopheles. On September loth, it was resolved that the terms of the School be ist October — 31st December, 15th January — 14th April, ist May — 31st July. The advisability of renting a house for the residence of students was considered on 17th September, and it was agreed that if a suitable house could be found at about £50 per annum, it should be rented, and arrangements made with the University Club for the meals of the students. On November 5th, Drs. Fielding Ould, Balfour Stewart, and A. Griinbaum were appointed Honorary Assistant Lecturers. WALTER MYERS To J ace p. 20. 21 The 3rd Expedition returned from Nigeria in November, 1900 and on December 17 th it was resolved that a bonus of £40 be paid to each of the members of the Expedition, in addition to the salaries received by each. Major Ross, having been invited by Dr. Woldert, Proposed Dr. Osier, and Dr. Gibson, distinguished scientists in JJ^^'^g^?" America and Canada, to visit the U.S.A. and to lecture on the subject of malaria fever and mosquitoes, it was resolved to authorise him to proceed to America at the end of February with instructions to make the plans of his visit in accordance with the best interests of the School as regards its scope and duration. It was further resolved to defray Major Ross' expenses in connection with the visit. Mr. F. C. Danson was appointed by the Council of 1901 University College, on February 6th, as its representative commiUe*e° on the Committee in place of Mr. C. W. Jones. A public meeting was held in the Town Hall on Puwio Meeting February 12th, to consider the practical question of improving health conditions in West Africa. The President of the Royal College of Physicians, Sir William Church, was the principal speaker, and the matters discussed, with the recommendations approved, will be found below : — OBSERVATIONS The evidence of the members of the Expeditions respecting sanitary and health conditions on the West Coast of Africa having been carefully considered by the Professional Sub-Committee of the School, the following conclusions were reached : — A. That the sanitary conditions of most of the stations on the Coast cannot be considered satisfactory. As instances, it may be mentioned that the surface-drainage and clearance of undergrowth are generally defective ; that the clearance and disposal of refuse require more attention ; that the water supply may sometimes be much improved ; that the houses of Europeans and many of the public buildings do not generally reach the standard required for health in the tropics, and are for the most 22 IQOI part erected on unhealthy sites ; and that adequate sanitary- laws do not seem to exist, or are certainly not enforced. B. That while many medical men have shown great zeal and energy, they have not always been able to pay due attention to recent medical researches and methods. As reasons for this may be mentioned the want of microscopes and other apparatus ; the absence of any arrangement for obtaining easy access to medical literature ; the defectiveness of education as regards bacteriology and parasitology ; and the want of encouragement of scientific aptitude and research. C. That these defects are chiefly attributable to imper- fections in medical and sanitary organisation, such as the absence of any adequate central mechanism for originating and enforcing the necessary reforms, and the powerlessness of local medical officers. RECOMMENDATIONS The School, therefore, strongly urges that steps may be shortly taken to press upon the Government the need for the following reforms : — A. The appointment of a Chief Sanitary Commissioner on the Indian model, to travel from town to town on the West Coast of Africa, in order to report fully to the Colonial Office regarding sanitary and medical matters in each Colony ; to suggest necessary reforms ; and to see that such reforms as are approved by the Colonial Office are carried out. It is further recommended that the proposed office of Chief Sanitary Commissioner be placed in the hands of a person who is thoroughly versed in modern medical and sanitary science ; that he should report directly to the Colonial Office ; that he should have as Assistant a Sanitary Engineer subordinate to himself ; and that his salary be met by contributions from the several Colonies which he is appointed to serve, but that he shall not be subordinate to the Government of any of those Colonies. Sanitary Commissioners are appointed in India on these principles, and enable central governments to examine and direct sanitary aflFairs in subordinate provinces. B. As regards particular sanitary and medical reforms, many of the following have been largely effected in India, with very great saving of life, and may well be recommended for other tropical countries : — {a) The gradual drainage of the soil, and clearance of rank vegetation in and around the principal towns and settlements. (J)) The erection of suitable houses for Europeans, on proper sites, as funds and opportunities permit — attention being specially paid to the customs prevailing in India in these respects. THE WALTER MYERS MEMORIAL TABLET To face p. 22. 23 (f) Attention to the usual sanitary laws as regards cleanliness, 1901 disposal of refuse, water supply, and other require- ments. {d) The imposition of a good code of sanitary laws and regulations based on the similar Indian municipal regulations. (n 24 igoi at the age of 29, Dr. Durham also contracted yellow fever, but fortunately recovered, and remained in Brazil until the summer of 1901, continuing his work. Foundation of Jo commemorate the distinguished work Walter Myers ^ Lectureship and of Dr. Myers, it was decided to found a Walter Myers Lectureship, which was to be permanent, and a Walter Myers Fellow- ship, to be maintained for a period of five years. In addition to these foundations, the School, with the consent of Dr. Myers' parents, erected a tombstone over his grave in Para, and a memorial bronze in the laboratory of the School in University College, Liverpool, sending a replica of the latter to Birmingham University, as Dr. Myers was a former student at Mason College. On May 6th, Major Ronald Ross was appointed to the lectureship, and Dr. J. E. Dutton to the fellowship. 5th Expedition On May 6th, Major Ronald Ross announced that Mr. James Coats, jun., of Paisley, had placed ;£ 1,000 in his hands unreservedly for the purpose of conducting an expedition to West Africa to endeavour to exterminate mosquitoes from a given district there, and that Mr. Coats wished the expedition to go out under the auspices of the School. The expedition was approved, and Major Ross and Dr. Logan Taylor started for Freetown, Sierra Leone, on June 15th. Dr. C. W. Daniels, Medical Superintendent of the London School of Tropical Medicine, joined the expedition, as did also Dr. Anderson McKendrick, of the Army Medical School. 6th Expedition Major Ross wrote to the School on July ist, urging that operations similar to those being carried out by the 5th Expedition in Sierra Leone be conducted also in the Gambia and the Gold Coast, and IHffiltf J "^ ■■). . ,, ..i*^. ^ ^ %'■ -^^ m r^ • '^^^ SECOND LABORATORY OF THE SCHOOL To face p. 24. 25 accordingly, a 6th Expedition, consisting of Dr. J. E. Button, was dispatched to the Gambia on September 21st. 1901 7th Expedition Qn November 30th, a 7th Expedition, consisting of Dr. Balfour Stewart, was dispatched to the Gold Coast. Dr. Stewart was re- munerated from the special funds placed in Major Ross's hands by Mr. Coats. During the year the Chairman of the School was created a Knight Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George, and Major Ross was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. The want of a suitable hall of residence for students attending the School had been felt for some time past, and steps were taken in the summer to found such an institution. The Chairman, together with Mr. John Holt and the Hon. R. B. Blaize of Lagos, consented to finance the undertaking, and the School readily sanctioned the project. Two large adjoining houses in Parliament Street, Nos. 44 and 46, were taken as temporary premises and placed under the charge of Dr. H. E. Annett as Warden. The Hall was opened by the Lord Bishop of Liverpool on November 2nd. In connection with the Hospital, a special out-patient department, for patients suffering from tropical diseases, was opened in October. At a meeting on January 6th, the grant to the University College was increased to £175 per annum. It was announced that a telegram had been received from Dr. Dutton stating that he had made an important medical discovery, viz. : the identification for the first time of a trypanosome in the blood of man. This parasite was subsequently shewn to be the cause of sleeping sickness and is now known as Trypanosoma gambiense, Dutton, 1902. students' Hall of Residence opened Out-patient Department at Royal Southern Hospital 1902 Important scientific discovery 1902 Resignation ot Major Ross Re-appointment of Major Ross Duke of Northumberland elected Vice- President Resignation of Dr. Annett Appointment of Dr. Stephens 26 8th Expedition The 8th Expedition, consisting of Major Ross, was dispatched to Sierra Leone on 22nd February. On 3rd April, Major Ross informed the Committee that he had been offered and had accepted a post at the Jenner Institute in London. The resignation was accepted with regret, and Major Ross left the School on April 21st. On 9th June, a letter was received from Major Ross saying that he had definitely resigned his post at the Jenner Institute and wished to become a candidate for the lecture- ship at the School. It was resolved : (i) That Major Ross be re-appointed to the Walter Myers lectureship at a salary of £500 ; and (2) That steps be immediately taken by the School to raise an endowment of £300 per annum to establish a chair of tropical medicine in University College, to be held by Major Ross in the first instance, in which event the School undertook to raise the salary attaching to the professorship to a minimum of ;^6oo per annum. On September 8th, the Duke of Northumberland, K.G. was unanimously elected Vice-President of the School. Dr. Annett tendered his resignation of the post of Demonstrator in Tropical Pathology and Dr. J. W. W. Stephens was appointed to the vacancy on October 6th. 9th Expedition The 9th Expedition of the School consisting of Major Ross, who was accompanied by Sir William MacGregor, K.C.M.G., Governor of Lagos, was dispatched to Ismailia on nth September. 10th Expedition The loth Expedition, consisting of Dr. J. E. Dutton and Dr. J. L. Todd, was dispatched to the Gambia and French Senegal on 21st September. \V11.1,|.\M JOHNSTON To face p. 26. 27 11th Expedition The nth Expedition, consisting of Dr. M. 1902 Logan Taylor, was dispatched to the Gold Coast from Sierra Leone, on nth October. On December ist, it was announced that the Nobel NobYiVrizeto Prize had been awarded to Major Ross in recognition of Major Ross his distinguished work on Malaria. The prize, which was of the value of about £8,000, was formally presented to Major Ross by His Majesty the King of Sweden on December loth. During the year Dr. R. Caton was appointed to represent the Council of the University College on the Committee, Major Ross was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath, and Professor Rubert Boyce a Fellow of the Royal Society. Alfred Jones A sum of /io,ooo having been raised by 1003 Chair of Tropical r^ , , r 1 ^ <■ ^■ Medicine the School for the purpose of founding a chair of Tropical Medicine in University College, it was agreed that the money be handed over to the Council of University College for the purpose of immediately establishing such a chair, that the chair be called the ' Alfred Jones Chair of Tropical Medicine,' and that the first holder of the professorship be Major Ross. This gift was accepted by the Council and Major Appointment oi Ross was appointed first professor of Tropical Medicine. ^^^".°\ Dr. J. W. W. Stephens was appointed on 5th January, Medicine Walter Myers to the Walter Myers Lectureship vacated by Major Ross. Lectureship On February 2nd, Mr. J. O. Strafford resigned the post of honorary treasurer, and Messrs. George Brocklehurst and Charles Booth, jun., were appointed joint honorary treasurers. On April 8th, a letter was received from the Colonial Office stating that Mr. Chamberlain was of opinion that all students whose fees were paid by Colonial Governments 28 1903 should pass an examination and obtain a certificate of ac&t7 proficiency. It was resolved to comply with Mr. Chamberlain's wishes in this matter. Mary Kingsley On April 7th, a recommendation of the Medal Professional Sub-Committee was considered that a medal should be struck in com- memoration of the late Miss Mary Kingsley, to be presented by the School from time to time to distinguished scientists who had specialised in the field of tropical medicine and kindred subjects. The designs of Mr. Charles J. Allen and Mr. J. H. McNair were accepted and it was resolved to authorise the striking of the medal, the cost of which was defrayed from funds contributed by Mr. Coats, jun., and Mr. Charles Kingsley. Opening of Johnston Laboratories These laboratories, which were presented to University College by Mr. William Johnston, were formally opened on 9th May, by the Rt. Hon. Walter Long, M.P., President of the Local Government Board, in the presence of a distinguished company, including a large number of well-known foreign scientists amongst whom were Professors Blanchard, Nocard, v. Hansemann, Perron cito, Bottazzi and Ravenel. The ground floor of the building was devoted to Tropical Medicine and afforded accommoda- tion for about 40 students. On July 15th the University Charter was granted. On 6th July, Dr. C. Christy was appointed Assistant Lecturer in the School, and on 27th July Dr. Linton was appointed research assistant at a salary of £100 per annum. On July 6th, the School undertook to print and publish a text book by Stephens and Christophers entitled The Practical Study of Malaria and other Blood Parasites. University Charter 29 On August loth, a letter was read from Dr. J. L. 1903 Todd, offering £200 for twelve months, and if required D^T^^d for a second period of twelve months, to defray the salary of Dr. Wolferstan Thomas, should the School agree to invite the latter to carry on the work of the Senegambia Expedition in the Johnston Laboratories during the absence of Drs. Dutton and Todd in the Congo. It was resolved to thank Dr. Todd for his most generous offer which was gratefully accepted, and that Dr. Thomas be appointed to the staff of the School. J?P?i°San' Thomas 12th Expedition The 12th Expedition, consisting of Drs. J. E. Dutton, J. L. Todd, and C. Christy, was dispatched to the Congo Free State on 13th September. This Expedition was sent out at the request of the Belgian Government which contributed £650 towards the expenses of the Expedition. On October 5th, it was resolved to write to the Chancellor of the Exchequer and ask him to receive a small deputation to lay before him the claims of the School to receive a grant of £500 a year for five years. On October 20th, a letter was received from the Chancellor of the Exchequer, stating that the application of the School for financial assistance was being dealt with by the Colonial Office. Mr. Lyttleton, Secretary of State for the Colonies, consented to receive a small deputation from the School on November 19th. On December 7th, Professor Boyce called the attention of the Committee to the fact that the University of Cam- bridge had estabhshed a Diploma in Tropical Hygiene, and suggested that Liverpool should follow suit. It was decided to request the University authorities to consider the desirability of issuing such a Diploma. During this year Sir William Bowring was appointed Diploma in Tropical Hygiene proposed 3° 1904 to represent the Council of the University on the Committee. The Rt. Hon. A. Lyttleton, Secretary of State for the Colonies, inspected the School on March 5th, A letter, dated March 31st, was read from Dr. Linton tendering his resignation as research assistant. On nth April, a new prospectus (the second) of the School was issued, nciai On May Qth, the attention of the Committee was drawn to the fact that the assets of the School totalled only £90, whereas the liabilities to December 31st — on the current scale — would be about £1,000 for that period. It was further pointed out that this did not include the expenses incident to the Congo Expedition. It was resolved to recommend the Professional Sub-committee to consider the advisability of the Expedition being recalled, and the work on trypanosomiasis stopped, in view of the heavy expense entailed thereby. The report of the Professional Sub-committee on the matter was as follows : — ' That, after careful consideration of the expenses incurred on account of the Congo Expedition of the School, and the Trypano- somiasis research work carried on in connection therewith, the Sub-Committee are of opinion that the work cannot be carried on at much less expense than ^2,000 a year. They consider it would take two more years to bring the experiments to a successful conclusion. They are strongly of opinion that this special work is most valuable ind should be continued if possible. ' They recommend the general Committee, therefore, to issue a special appeal to the Public, calling attention to this branch of research, and asking for the necessary funds. The Committee recommend that a limit of time should be named, say August 1st, and, if by that date there does not seem much probabihty of collecting the whole, or a sufficient proportion of the amount required, they must then reluctantly recommend the General Committee to recall the Congo Expedition, and abandon the Trypanosomiasis research work on the scale now carried on in Liverpool.' On June 20th, it was resolved after careful considera- tion that the Honorary Secretary be instructed to inform 31 the Staff at the Johnston Laboratories that no more money 1904 was available for expenditure on animals, instruments, etc., and that for the present no further expenditure in this direction, on the part of the professional staff of the School, should be incurred. On the appeal of Professor Boyce, it was resolved to reconsider this decision at the next meeting. On July 4th, it was decided to apply to the Bank for an overdraft of £500. On nth July, the Chairman announced that he had a sum of £500 to hand over to the School. In September the School Laboratories at Runcorn Runcorn ^ Research were established for the purpose of maintaining strains of J^-aboratories trypanosomes and spirochaetes, and other important pathogenic parasites which had been collected by the Expeditions of the School. Dr. Annett was instru- mental in obtaining the premises which were placed under the charge of Dr. Thomas with an assistant research staff. On 5th September, the Honorary Secretary asked for instructions regarding the recalling of the Congo Expedition. The Chairman read a letter from Professor Boyce pointing out that an arrangement had been made at the laboratory whereby the expenses there in connection with the Expedition could be kept within the grant of £5 a week, and that consequently the only other expense was the salaries of the Expedition. He considered that it would be of the greatest advantage to allow the Congo Expedition's work to go on. Sir Alfred Jones said he had hopes of inducing H.M. the King of the Belgians to give more money, and suggested that the Committee should postpone consideration to another meeting. On October 3rd, the Chairman announced that he would shortly interview H.M. the King of the Belgians on 32 1904 the subject of further funds for the Expedition, and the question of recalling it was therefore postponed. On November 7th, it was resolved that the attention of the Council of the University of Liverpool be drawn to the condition of the finances of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine ; and that in consideration of the services rendered to the University by the School and of the increasing difficulty experienced in raising the large annual sum required for the conduct of the School on its present scale, the University be asked to relieve the School of the expenses incurred in the maintenance of the University Laboratories, set apart for the use of the School, which expenses at present amount to a sum of £620 per annum. Government A letter was read from the Colonial Office dated grant November 4th, offering the School £soo a year to be devoted to some special object approved by the Advisory Board for the Tropical Diseases Research Fund. It was resolved to accept the offer, and to formulate later the objects on which the money will be spent, such objects to be determined by the Professional Sub-committee and the Finance Sub-committee. On November 7th, a letter was read from Dr. Griinbaum resigning his honorary lectureship. In September, Major Ross paid a visit of inspection to the Panama Canal, where he was the guest of the Canal Commission. 13th Expedition The 13th Expedition of the School, consisting of Professor Boyce, Dr. Arthur Evans, and Dr. Herbert Clarke, was dispatched to Bathurst, Conakry and Freetown on 14th November. 14th Expedition The 14th Expedition, consisting of Lt.-Col. G. M. Giles, I.M.S., and Dr. R. E. McConnell was dispatched to the Gold Coast on 31st December. ■$ J. ENKRETT DUTTON To face p. 32. 33 Diploma in A Diploma in Tropical Medicine was 1004 Tropical t- r v t Medicine established by the University during this established year. On January loth to 12th, Her Royal Highness Princess 1905 Christian visited the School, accompanied by the late prfncess"'^"^' Secretary of State for the Colonies, the Rt. Hon. Joseph ^•"*'"*° Chamberlain. She was invited to become Honorary President of the School, and on February 13th graciously consented to accept the position. Incorporation The Committee being of the opinion that of the School ° ^ the time had arrived when the School should be incorporated, steps were accord- ingly taken for that purpose, and the School was duly incorporated on 30th January. It was with the deepest regret that the Committee Death of Dr. J. E. Dutton learned of the sudden death on February 27th, of Dr. Dutton, Walter Myers Fellow, at Kasongo, on the Congo, while actively engaged in the investigation of trypano- somiasis and tick fever. In 1903, Dr. Dutton, accompanied by Dr. Todd, had proceeded to the Congo to investigate trypanosomiasis and other tropical diseases. Towards the end of 1904 they had reached Stanley Falls, and indepen- dently they were able to demonstrate the cause of tick Discovery of cause of Tick fever in man— a discovery made a few weeks previously ''ever by Ross and Milne in the Uganda Protectorate. Further, they were able to prove the transference of the disease from man to monkeys by means of a particular species of tick. During these investigations both observers contracted the disease. The last letter from Dr. Dutton was dated Kasongo, February 9th, when he seemed in excellent spirits. By his death, the Tropical School and the University suffered the loss of a most brilliant graduate. Although 34 1905 Mr. R. Newstead appointed to the staS Mary Kingsley Medal Grant from University Dr. Todd and Dr. Breinl appointed to the staff only twenty-nine years old, he had already won a recognised position throughout the scientific world. On April ist, Mr. R. Newstead, Curator of the Grosvenor Museum, Chester, for nineteen years, was appointed Lecturer in Economic Entomology and Parasitology, at a salary of £250 per annum. 15th Expedition The fifteenth Expedition, consisting of Dr. H. Wolferstan Thomas and Dr. Anton Breinl, John Garrett International Fellow in Bacteriology, was dispatched to the Amazon on 19th April, to study yellow fever. The first recipients selected for the medal were Sir Patrick Manson, K.C.M.G., Colonel Bruce, C.B., Dr. Laveran and Professor Koch. In the case of the first two, the medals were personally presented on July ist, by Her Royal Highness Princess Christian, at Schomberg House. As Dr. Laveran was unavoidably prevented from attending, a representative of the French Embassy received it for him. Professor Koch was absent in East Africa, and it was arranged to make the presentation of his medal through the British Ambassa- dor in Germany. On August 14th, a letter, dated 20th July, was read from the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Liverpool, stating that the Council of the University would make a grant to the School of £200 per annum. 16th Expedition The i6th Expedition, consisting of Professor Boyce, was dispatched on August 4th to New Orleans, to study yellow fever. Later, at the request of the Colonial Office, Professor Boyce visited British Honduras. On December nth. Dr. Todd and Dr. Breinl were appointed assistant lecturers to the School. Dr. Todd had recently returned from the Congo Expedition, and Dr. Breinl 35 had been invalided home from the Amazon Expedition in 1905 September, as the result of a severe attack of yellow fever ; on his way home he was shipwrecked and lost all his personal effects. The first edition of this textbook of the School having U'^S/.*"""' been exhausted, a second revised and enlarged edition was pubUshed. On April 3rd, it was resolved that Dr. J. L. Todd be 1906 appointed Director of Tropical Research at the Runcorn ^^jl"^"!^/"* °' Laboratory. L^Br"" Laboratory 17th Expedition The 17th Expedition of the School, consisting of Professor Ross, C.B., was dispatched on May 20th, to Lake Copais, in Greece, to study malaria at the request of the Lake Copais Co. After his return from his mission, Professor Ross suggested that the School should collect funds to assist the Greek Anti- Malaria League in its campaign against malaria. The proposal met with the approval of His Majesty the King of Greece, Her Royal Highness Princess Christian (Honorary President of the School), and other distinguished personages. A fund was started, and was well supported. In this connection, the Physician of the King of Greece, Dr. Savas, visited the School in the autumn. On 23rd August, His Majesty the King of the Belgians SSedby gave an audience to Sir Alfred Jones, Professor ot the Belgians Ross, Professor Boyce, Dr. Stephens, Mr. R. Newstead, Dr. Todd, Dr. Evans, and Mr. A. H. Milne, at the Palace in Brussels, when the question of the prevention of sleeping sickness was fully discussed. After the audience His Majesty entertained the deputation at luncheon, when he conferred the Order of Leopold II on Professor Ross, Professor Boyce, and Dr. Todd, for their services in the cause of Tropical Medicine. 36 1907 Finance MuniQcent gifts from ttie Congo Free State and from H.M. the King of tlie Belgians Dr. Breinl appointed Director of Runcorn Laboratory On February 5th, it was resolved that the Chairman of the School should make a personal application to the Colonial Office for an increase of the grant. It was announced that the amount owing by the School to the Congo Free State for housing and transport of the 12th Expedition was 35,525 francs. On March 5th, a special appeal for funds was issued. On nth June, a letter was read from the Secretary-General of the Congo Free State, to the effect that the Government of that State released the School from payment of the sum owing to them. On 13th August, the Secretary reported that the School was overdrawn at the Bank to the extent of £200, and it was resolved to make a special effort to raise the money required. It was announced on October 8th, that His Majesty the King of the Belgians had made the munificent gift of £1,000 to the general funds of the School. On 30th April, Dr. J. L. Todd, Director of the Runcorn Research Laboratories, left the School to take up the post of Associate-Professor of Parasitology at McGill University, Montreal. 18th Expedition The i8th Expedition of the School, consisting of Dr. Alan Kinghorn, Johnston Colonial Fellow, 1905, and Mr. R. E. Montgomery, was dispatched to Rhodesia and British Central Africa, on May 5th. The Colonial Office subscribed £250 towards the expenses of the Expedition, and sanctioned the expenditure of a sum of £100 from the funds of the British Central Africa Protectorate. The British South Africa Company offered free transport and quarters when- ever available, and a subsistence allowance of 10/- daily to each of the members whilst working in their territories. On 14th May, Dr. A, Breinl was appointed Director of the Runcorn Research Laboratory, at a salary of £250 per annum. 37 On 3rd June, it was resolved to increase the salary 1907 of the Alfred Jones Professor of Tropical Medicine by ^J°J®"""""* £100 per annum. 19th Expedition The 19th Expedition of the School, consisting of Dr. Barratt and Dr. Yorke, was dispatched on August 14th to Nyasaland, to study blackwater fever. The Colonial Office contributed a grant of ;^500 towards the expenses of this Expedition, and free passages to Chinde were provided by the German East Africa Line. 20th Expedition The 20th Expedition, consisting of Professor Ross, C.B., was dispatched to Mauritius to study malaria at the request of the Colonial Office, in October. The cost of the Expedition was defrayed by the Colonial Office. On October 8th, it was resolved to place on record Jiinessoi ^ Professor the anxiety of the School with regard to Professor Boyce's ^°^''^- illness and its sincere hope for his recovery. During the year, Mary Kingsley Medals were awarded to Professor Danielewsky, Dr. Charles Finlay, Mr. W. M. Haffkine, Professor Golgi, Colonel Gorgas, Professor Looss, and Professor Theobald Smith. Mr. Haffkine was presented with his medal at a dinner given in his honour by the Chairman of the School on 21st October. In the other cases, the medals were handed to the recipients by His Majesty's representatives at the places where they resided. The general expenditure during this year, owing chiefly to the dispatch of the Sleeping Sickness Expedition to Rhodesia and British Central Africa, was very heavy, necessitating a bank overdraft of nearly £700. The second appeal for funds for the purpose of the Yellow Fever Expedition to Manaos, in 1905, resulted in over ;^i,ooo being raised for that Expedition. The Congo Free State Awards of Mary Kingsley Medals Financ* 38 1907 Alteration in course of Instruction Professor Boyce Knighted Visit of H.R.H. the Princess of Wales again made a most generous gift to the School of ;^400, chiefly for the work on sleeping sickness. On 14th October, it was decided, in view of the recent great advance in tropical medicine, that the time had now arrived when the curriculum of teaching on the subject should be extended, and it was therefore resolved (i) that the Autumn and Lent Courses, which were at present of only ten weeks' duration, should be extended to thirteen weeks, and (2) that in order to allow this change the Summer Term should be replaced by a short course of practical instruction in tropical pathology and medical entomology, lasting for four weeks during the month of June. This alteration had the approval of the Colonial Office. On November 9th, Professor Boyce was knighted in recognition of his distinguished services. Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales paid an informal visit to the School on November 29th. Annals of Up to this date, the scientific work of the Tropical Medicine and School had been pubhshed in a series of Memoirs, twenty-one in number. On November 5th, 1906, it was decided to alter the style of the publication, and that future papers should appear in a journal. The Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology. The first number was issued on ist February, and the journal was entered at Stationers' Hall on 23rd February. On 31st December, a letter was received from the Honorary Treasurer, Mr. George Brocklehurst, reUnquishing his post. 1908 Awards of Mary Kingsley Medals In January, Mary Kingsley Medals were presented to the Rt. Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., and the Rt. Hon. Lord Lister. THE UNIVERSHY OF LIVERPOOL Annals OF Tropical Medicine and Parasitology ISSUED BY THE LnT.RPooL School of Tropical Medicine Edited by Professor J. W. W. STEPHENS, M.D.Cant.ib.. D.P.H. Professor R. NEWSTEAL), M Sc. J. P., F.R.S., A.L.S., F E.S., Hon. F.R.H.S. Professor WARRINGTON VORKE, M D. VOLUME XIII (May 12, 1919, to March 15, 1920) IV uh Frontispiece-, tu'dve platc-s,Joriy-six fii^ures in text, thirty-oiw cl\iris, and three maps LIVERPOOL: AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, 57 ASHTON STREET To face p. 38. 39 Lord Stanley, K.C.V.O., kindly consented to act as Honorary Treasurer in succession to Mr. George Brockle- hurst. Later in the year, he succeeded to the title of Earl of Derby, and Mr. Alec Rea was then appointed in his stead. The position of Vice-President to the School was accepted by the Right Honourable the Earl of Derby. In February, Mr. William Adamson, who had been Vice-Chairman of the School since its foundation, resigned the position on the ground of ill-health. In April, Mr. F. C. Danson was appointed Vice- Chairman. On 4th February, Dr. Nierenstein, John Garrett International Fellow, 1906-8, who was devoting all his time to work in the interests of the School, was appointed Research Demonstrator at the Runcorn Laboratories, and was subsequently given an additional salary of £50 per annum. On April ist, the Government grant to the School was increased from £500 to £1,000, and the Secretary of State for the Colonies sanctioned grants of 1^250 each from the East Africa Protectorate and Uganda towards the large expenditure incurred in keeping the Sleeping Sickness and Blackwater Fever Expeditions in Africa till the end of the year. 21st Expedition The 2ist Expedition, consisting of Mr. R. Newstead, Dr. W. T. Prout, and Dr. Alan Hanley, C.M.G., late P.M.O. Southern Nigeria, was dispatched to Jamaica, on November 14th, to study cattle and other ticks. Mr. E. Hindle, who had been Research Assistant at Runcorn, severed his connection with the School on November 24th. An invitation was sent to the School to exhibit speci- mens at the Franco-British Exhibition, to be held in London. 1908 Appointment of Treasurer Earl of Derby appointed Vice-President Mr. F. C. Danson appointed Vice-chairman Government grant increased Resignation ol Mr. Hindle Franco-British Exhibition 4° igoS Mr. R. Rankin 1909 Gift of Sir Edward Durning- Lawrence Dr. Yorke appointed to Runcorn The Committee accepted the invitation, and Dr. J. W. W. Stephens and Mr. R. Newstead were asked to prepare a suitable exhibit. This exhibit was collected and carefully arranged by them, and attracted much attention in the Medicine and Surgery Section of the Exhibition, the School being awarded a Diploma for the Grand Prize by the Exhibition Committee. During this year, Mr. Rankin was appointed on the Committee and Dr. C. Macalister replaced Prof. W. Carter, as representative of the Southern Hospital. On 24th May, it was announced that Sir Edward Durning- Lawrence had given £500 for ' cold-air treatment ' of tropical diseases, and had promised another £500, if necessary. All arrangements for conducting the experi- ments were left in the hands of Major Ross. On 22nd April, Dr. Nierenstein resigned his post of Research Demonstrator. On May 24th, Dr. Warrington Yorke was appointed Research Assistant at the Runcorn Laboratory. On June ist, Dr. Kinghorn tendered his resignation, and Dr. Barratt also left the School at this time, but was subsequently appointed Honorary Lecturer. 22nd Expedition The 22nd Expedition, consisting of Sir Rubert Boyce, was dispatched to the West Indies in March to initiate a campaign against mosquitoes at the request of the Colonial Office. As a result of this visit, he produced a book, entitled Mosquito or Man, of which the first edition was rapidly exhausted, and a second issued. On October ist, Dr. A. Breinl resigned his position as Director of the Runcorn Research Laboratory to take up the position of Director of the newly-formed Institute of Tropical Medicine, in Queensland, Australia. U-l > IMHB^ H < Ct O T. UJ ^ S d O -' J> ^..A A.,,,^,.^ ^■^w ^h.A .A. ^ To Jace p. 52. 53 approached the President of the Southern Hospital (the late 1914 Mr. William Adamson) with a view to seeing whether the Hospital could provide special accommodation for the teaching work, which was then carried on in the Laboratories of the University. The authorities of the Southern Hospital received the suggestion with approval, and the only site in connection with the Hospital, which it was within their power to grant, was inspected. It was, however, found to be cjuite inadequate, and the matter, for the time being, fell through. The clinical work of the School continued to be carried on at the special ward provided by the Southern Hospital, and the teaching and research work, as before, at the University. As time went on, however, it became imperative to increase the teaching and research accommodation. This need was now to be met by the erection, in Pembroke Place, of the new buildings of the School, in memory of its founder, Sir Alfred Jones. In view of the close proximity of the Infirmary, it became obvious that the Tropical Ward of the School would have to be located in that Hospital, and the Executor of the estate of Sir Alfred Jones provided the necessary funds for building such a ward. They opened negotiations with the Royal Infirmary, and that ward was the result. He trusted that the new ward, which in its equipment embodied the best modern ideas, would thoroughly fulfil all those objects which they had in view. As a teaching institution it would be of the utmost value, and he trusted it might also prove a source of relief to those suffering ones who might come there as patients. He wished it every possible success, and trusted it would be a source of strength also to the Infirmary. His only regret was that this step unavoidably severed, to some extent, their connection with their good friends at the Southern Hospital, but they would be for ever grateful for the invaluable assistance rendered to them by that Institution during their early struggles. The Countess of Derby said she had great pleasure in declaring the ward open, and wished it every success. Mr. Danson in formally requesting the Chairman of the Royal Infirmary to accept the new building from the Committee of the School, asked that it be administered according to the agreement between the two bodies. Mr. H, Wade Deacon said he had great pleasure on behalf of the Infirmary in accepting the new ward. He believed it would bring renown to the Royal Infirmary, success to the men studying there, and relief to the patients who might come to it. 54 1914 Sir Thomas Barlow proposed a vote of thanks to the Countess of Derby. He said in years to come the Countess would be glad and proud to have taken that important part in a new step towards advancing the prosperity of that School, the Hospital, and the University. The vote of thanks was heartily carried. The Earl of Derby, replying on behalf of the Countess, remarked that Liverpool and its Tropical School had set an example to the whole world, and he was very glad to know that they were in every way prepared to be up to date, as was shown by the new ward. He had no doubt that science would be greatly advanced, thanks to the Founder of the School, who had given that ward to the Royal Infirmary. The Lord Mayor believed that the commercial men of Liverpool would feel intense satisfaction that the work of the School would be carried on under, perhaps, even better conditions than in the past. Sir Thomas Barlow, Bart., K.C.V.O., and other guests were subsequently entertained to luncheon, by the Chairman of the School, at the Adelphi Hotel, DECLARATION OF WAR AGAINST GERMANY, AUGUST 4th. Professor Stephens appointed Hon. Physician to the Ward. Professor J. W. W. Stephens was appointed Hon. Physician to the Tropical Ward in October, and, on 9th November, Dr. Prout was appointed Assistant to the Physician. In October, Mr. W. Drawz, the librarian, was advised that it was not permissible to retain his services in any capacity at the School, as he was an enemy alien, and it was resolved that his connection with the School must cease immediately. 55 Runcorn On November qth, Professor Yorke 1014 Laboratory .... closed reported that in view of the fact that Dr. Blacklock and he were shortly proceeding to Sierra Leone, and of the impossibihty of obtaining the services of anyone to take charge owing to the present emergency, the Runcorn Research Laboratory had been closed and arrangements made with Messrs. Evans and Webb to take over the School's liability with respect to the premises. This laboratory, which has been already mentioned, was established in September, 1904, and played no small part in the success achieved by the School in the fields of scientific research during its ten years existence. It was established to enable experimental work on trypanoso- miasis to be carried on and it was this subject which mainly occupied the energies of the staff throughout its existence. In view of the fact that many important reports on sleeping sickness and the trypanosomiases of domestic animals have emanated from the Runcorn Research Laboratory, the name at least is familiar to most of those interested in tropical medicine, and it is therefore appropriate to give here a brief description of the laboratory as it really was. The building consisted of two small-roomed cottages which were made to communicate by cutting a doorway through the dividing wall. The two lower rooms of one of the cottages were used by Dr. Nierenstein as a chemical laboratory. The front lower room of the other cottage was used as an incubator room, and the back lower room, together with a shed, constructed by roofing the yard, served as the animal houses. The upper front rooms served as the general laboratory. An upper room of a third cottage was ultimately taken in by knocking a hole through the wall 56 1914 and building up the legitimate doorway. This was the artist's room where Miss Brookfield v/orked from 1906-1914. As these cottages only communicated on the upper floor, communication between the lower rooms could be effected only via the street or by the more circuitous route up and down two flights of rickety stairs. The animal house was heated by a coke stove and the laboratory by small coal fires. The place was lighted by gas, and the power for the centrifuge was obtained from a gas engine. It was not until 1913 that electric current was introduced and a telephone installed. Such were the ' new and more favourable conditions ' duly noted in the Annual Report of the School for 1906. Although the accommodation was crude and in many respects inadequate, yet the equipment of scientific apparatus was very complete, and enabled those working at the laboratory to take full advantage of the splendid material at their disposal. 32nd Expedition The 32nd Expedition of the School, consisting of Professor Yorke and Dr. Blacklock and a laboratory assistant, was dispatched to Sierra Leone to study sleeping sickness in the Colony and at the same time to report on a suitable site for the proposed laboratory of the School. Proposed With a view to carrying on research work Laboratory of the School at in various branches of Tropical Medicine, sierra eone ^^^q School desired to establish a permanent Laboratory on the West Coast of Africa. The Executor of the estate of the late Sir Alfred Jones had allocated a sum of money for the erection of such a Laboratory, and the Colony of Sierra Leone had been selected. This colony possesses special advantages for such work, as there is ample material for the study of 57 Tropical Diseases, and, being one of the nearest Tropical 19 14 African Colonies to England, is accessible more rapidly and cheaply than any other suitable place in the Tropics. It was proposed that the Laboratory should be under the immediate direction of an expert in Tropical Diseases, a member of the Staff of the School, who would divide his time between research work on the Coast, and teaching and research work at Liverpool. Arrangements would also be made for other members of the Staff of the School to undertake research work at the Laboratory. The activities of the School during this and succeeding war work, years were mainly devoted to War work. The following members of the staff were on active service overseas during 1915 : — Lieut. -Col. Sir Ronald Ross, K.C.B., at Alexandria. Professor Robert Newstead, F.R.S., Insect Prophylaxis in France and Flanders. Lieut.-Col. W. T, Prout, C.M.G., at Cairo. Captain Warrington Yorke, at Malta. Lieut. B. Blacklock, at the Dardanelles. New Laboratory On March loth, the following letter was 1015 disposal of the sent by the Chairman to the mihtary War Office ., ... authorities : — * Colonel Coates, ' " Ingleside," ' Whalley Range, Manchester, loth March, 1915. ' Dear Sir, ' Wlien the War started, the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine offered their New Ward in the Royal Infirmary of Liverpool for the treatment of emergency cases of wounded soldiers, which offer was no doubt transmitted to the War Office by the Authorities of the Royal Infirmary at the time. ' I now learn that additional accommodation for wounded soldiers in Liverpool is required, and, as Chairman of the School of Tropical Medicine, I have much pleasure in placing at the disposal of the War Office the new premises of the School, now 58 ■ 1915 rapidly approaching completion. The Committee of the School, before whom I placed this proposal, unanimously agreed to the suggestion, ' I have given instructions for the architect to prepare plans of the accommodation in the new buildings, which I hope to be able to forward to you to-morrow. ' The School will be glad to do what they can, if this offer is accepted, to accelerate the completion of the buildings, including heating and lighting. ' I am only in a position to offer the buildings, not the necessary equipment for patients. The proximity of the Royal Infirmary to the new buildings will no doubt be of much advantage. ' I am, etc., ' (Signed) F, C. Danson, ' Chairman.' The following reply was received : — ' " Ingleside," ' Whalley Range, Manchester, ' 22nd March, 1915. ' From Colonel William Coates, ' A.D.M.S., Western Command, ' To the Chairman, ' Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, ' Liverpool. 'Sir, ' I am directed by the Army Council to inform you that it has been decided to accept your splendid offer of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine for the purpose of a military hospital, and to thank you again for your most generous offer. ' I propose to place the details concerning the necessary alterations to this building for hospital purposes in the hands of the Ofhcer-in-Charge of the 1st Western General Hospital, under my direction. I have, therefore, ordered him to place himself in communication with you, so that any structural alterations that may be required may be undertaken by the Contractor for the Building, the cost to be borne by the War Office. ' I have every reason to hope that this great kindness on your part and that of your Committee will prove of the greatest service in this great national emergency. ' I am, etc., ' (Signed) William Coates, ' Colonel, ' A.D.M.S., Western Command, For D.D.M.S., Western Command ' L FRONTAGE OF THIRD LABORATORY OF SCHOOL To face p. 58. 59 Tropical School The Tropical School Auxihary Military 1915 Military Hospital Hospital, consisting of about 200 beds, was accordingly opened in September, and was devoted solely to the treatment of patients suffering from tropical diseases, mainly malaria and dysentery. The Hospital was put in the charge of Professor Stephens, with the assistance of Capt. Llewellyn Morgan, R.A.M.C. The Sir Alfred Professor Yorke and Dr. Blacklock, who Lewis fJODBS Tropical returned from Sierra Leone in April, recom- Laboratory mended that the School should communicate with the Colonial Ofhce, concerning the site on Tower Hill, Freetown, which they had inspected and which they considered most suitable for the proposed laboratory. This site was in the possession of the War Office, but the General Officer Commanding had informed them that he would recommend the Army Council to lease the site to the School. On September 13th, a letter was received from the Colonial Office, stating that the Army Council was prepared to surrender this site to the Colonial Govern- ment, and that it was presumed that the Colonial Govern- ment would be willing to allot the land to the School for the purpose of erecting a laboratory thereon. As further funds for the Yellow Fever Bureau were not forthcoming, and the money collected had now been expended, it was resolved on loth May to terminate the Bureau. On April 5th, Miss Doris L. Mackinnon, seconded by the War Office, Mr. J. R. Matthews, Lecturer on Botany in the Birkbeck College, and Mr. A. Mahns Smith, Lecturer on Botany in Glasgow, the two latter recommended by the Royal Society, were appointed to assist in dysentery research. Mr. H. F. Carter, Lecturer in Entomology, was Yellow Fever Bureau terminates I916 Appointments of Special Assistants (or Dysentery Research 6o 1916 Appointment of Librarian Royal Society Grain Pests (War) Committee also engaged in this work, through the courtesy of the Professor of Entomology. In June, Dr. H. B. Fantham, who held the posts of Lecturer in Parasitology and Editorial Secretary to the Annals of Tropical Medicine, resigned his position to take up an appointment to a Chair in University College, Johannesburg, South Africa. Mrs. Fantham, who had been employed by the School for a few months to assist in dysentery research, left at the same time. In September, Miss Dorothy Allmand was appointed to the Librarianship, vacated by Mr. W. Drawz in 1914. In September, Professor Yorke and Dr. Blacklock, who had held temporary commissions in the R.A.M.C, returned to their duties at the School. The Royal Society, representing a Government Department, appointed a Committee to deal with the damage caused to grain by insects and acari, during transit and in store. One of the two centres of investigation was established in Liverpool University, under the direction of the Professor of Entomology. 1917 Appointment of Special Assistants for Malaria Research Research on In January, a request was received from Sir Alfred Keogh, D.G.M.S., through Sir David Bruce, that the School should undertake special research into the treatment of malaria. On January 8th, Mr. C. Forster Cooper, Curator of the Zoological Museum, Cambridge, was engaged to take part in malaria research. In February, Sir Ronald Ross and Professor Stephens were appointed Consultants on Malaria by the War Office, with the rank of Lt.-Col., R.A.M.C. Professor Stephens was in charge of the Western, Northern, and Scottish Commands, and Sir Ronald Ross of the Southern and Eastern Commands. ENTRANCE HALL 'Jo j ace p. 60. 6i In March, the services of Dr. J. W. S. Macfie, who had been working in a voluntary capacity in the School since November, 1916, were placed at the disposal of the School by the Colonial Office for special work connected with the investigation of malaria. In March also, owing to the large influx of malaria cases into this country, it was found that the accommodation at the Tropical School Hospital was insufficient, and special malaria wards containing about 300 beds, were set aside at Belmont Road Auxiliary Military Hospital ; Dr. Blacklock was appointed Physician-in-Charge. In May, Miss Mackinnon left the School to continue dysentery research under the War Office at Southampton. During the summer, three courses of practical instruc- tion in tropical parasitology, each lasting a fortnight, were given gratuitously by the staff of the School to about seventy officers of the R.A.M.C, stationed at Blackpool. In September, Miss Brown was appointed an Assistant to the Professor of Entomology. On 8th October, Mr. A. H. Milne, C.M.G., who had been Secretary to the School almost from its inception, resigned his position owing to ill-health. The Chairman sent Mr. Milne a letter, expressing deep appreciation of the services he had always rendered to the School. On October 22nd, it was resolved that : — ' The term of five years for which Sir Ronald Ross, K.C.B., F.R.S., was appointed to the Chair of Tropical Sanitation in the University of Liverpool having expired, the Committee of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine desire to place on record their high appreciation of the great and valuable services by Sir Ronald Ross to the School since its formation to the present time, and further, to express their very sincere regret at the severance of their old friend and colleague from the School as a member of the staff.' 1917 Belmont Road Auxiliary Military Hospital Instruction of R.A.M.C. Ofllcers Miss M. Brown Resignation of Secretary Retirement of Sir Ronald Ross On 22nd December, Professor Stephens was appointed 62 I9I7 Mary Klngsley Medal Mr. H. Wade Deacon I918 Death of Mr. Milne Appointment of Assistant Lecturer on Entomology Resignation of Miss Duvall Appointment of Mr. H. M. Morris I919 Dr. Adami a member of the Tropical Diseases Advisory Committee by the Secretary of State for the Colonies. During the year the Mary Kingsley Medal was awarded to Dr. Griffith Evans, late Inspector and Veterinary Surgeon, Government of India, in recognition of his researches into surra and other tropical veterinary diseases. During this year Mr. Wade Deacon was elected a member of the Committee as a representative of the Council of the University. On 2ist January, Mr. A. H. Milne, who had resigned the Secretaryship of the School in 1917, owing to ill-health, died at Paignton from an attack of pneumonia. He was closely associated for many years with the late Sir Alfred Jones in all his work connected with the School, and contributed, in no small degree, to the development of its efficiency. On 4th April, Miss Alwen M. Evans was appointed Assistant Lecturer in Entomology. In July, Dr. Blacklock having proceeded overseas, the malaria wards at Belmont Road Auxiliary Military Hospital were transferred to the charge of Dr. J. W. S. Macfie. Miss H. M. Duvall, who had been taking part in the Royal Society Grain Pests Research, resigned her position, which was subsequently offered to and accepted by Mr. H. M. Morris. On his appointment to the post of Vice-Chancellor of the University, Dr. Adami became ex officio a member of the Committee, representing the University. In March, Mr. J. R. Matthews, who had been engaged for three years on dysentery research, tendered his resigna- tion in order to resume his duties at the Birkbeck College, Mr. Carter also gave up dysentery research, and returned to his work in the department of Entomology. 63 On 31st March, Miss Nora Murphy, who had acted 1918 for many years as Secretary in the School Laboratories, SSurph/' resigned her post. The Committee put on record their great appreciation of Miss Murphy's excellent and devoted service since joining the School in 1902. Miss M. Whittle was appointed to the post vacated by ^^jP^m! wwtue Miss Murphy. In April, Dr. Blacklock returned from overseas and Appointment of ^ ' Dr. Blacklock was appointed Lecturer in Parasitology to the School, the appointment to date from 1914. In September, Mr. A. Malins Smith resigned his post as research worker in dysentery, in order to take up an appointment as Lecturer in Biology at Bradford Technical College. During the 3^ear awards were made to Dr. J. W. S. Macfie, of the West African Medical Service, for his devotion and distinguished contributions to Science, and to the Oswald© Cruz Institute in recognition of the scientific work of the founder, the late Dr. Oswaldo Cruz. Mary Kingsley Medallists Manaos On the arrival of the 15th (Yellow Fever) Laboratory Expedition at Manaos, in 1905, it was found necessary, for the work of the Expedition, to estabhsh a laboratory of a more or less permanent character. This laboratory remained in being until January, 1909, when, owing to the return of Dr. Thomas to Liverpool, it was closed. In June, 1910, Dr. Thomas returned to Manaos and opened the present laboratory : in addition, a small private hospital was opened for the use of the foreign firms. As no bacteriologist was attached to the Santa Casa Hospi- tal, all pathological work for it was undertaken by the laboratory, as was also the pathological work of the several state and municipal authorities. This work was done gratuitously. In 1914, it was decided to extend the 1919 64 1919 Appointment of Drs. Burnie, Gordon and Young 1920 Gift ol Dr. and Mrs. Hamilton Rice operations of the laboratory, and for this purpose to obtain the services of additional medical men ; the outbreak of war, however, caused all developments to be deferred until 1919, when Dr. Thomas visited Liverpool and presented a memorandum setting forth the direction in which develop- ments should proceed, and asking for the appointment of three medical men, and a well-trained laboratory assistant. Through the generosity of the Booth Steamship Company, funds were placed at the disposal of the School for this purpose, and accordingly, Drs. Burnie, Gordon, and Young were appointed research assistants at the Manaos Labora- tory. Dr. Thomas returned to Manaos in 1919, and Dr. Burnie left in January the following year. Towards the end of this year Mr. R, Rankin was appointed Treasurer. Dr. Young left for Manaos in June, and arrangements were made for Dr. Gordon to sail in October, 1920. In April, 1920, Dr. and Mrs. Hamilton Rice made the magnificent gift to Dr. Thomas of a launch, 45 feet long by 14 feet broad drawing 20 inches, fitted with kerosene engines of 32 horse power, capable of steaming 7 knots, electrically lighted, and mosquito-proofed, to serve as a floating laboratory. The donors have also generously undertaken to contribute £2,000 per annum, and to raise an additional sum of £3,000 per annum towards the cost of maintenance. Sierra Leone Research Laboratory Arrangements were completed for a lease by the War Office to the School of the site on Tower Hill, Freetown. The site is i^ acres and is leased at a nominal rent of 2/6 annually, for a period of 20 years with option of renewal. The plans have been approved ; the building will provide accommoda- tion for two resident workers, and consist of two floors. 65 The ground floor is the laboratory, the upper floor contains 1920 two bedrooms, a dining room and a kiosk, projecting from the front verandah over which there is an attic. The laboratory faces North, and is situated at an elevation of about 180 feet. New Laboratory The War Office having vacated the New of the School ^ , . ^ ,,,.,.. Laboratory m June, 1919, the buildmg was renovated and re-decorated ; the furniture was supplied by Messrs. Heywood & Sons, Manchester. In 1920, the January to April course of instruction was given in the New Building. The following is a brief summary of the main features of the new quarters of the School. They are situated close to the University and Royal Infirmary. The dimensions of the building are 162 feet in maximum length by 84 feet in width. In addition to the basement, in which are accommodated the Photographic Department and large storage rooms, there are four floors. The ground floor has : — (i) Lecture Theatre, with accommodation for about seventy students. (2) Library, 33 feet by 27 feet, furnished in oak, and with parquet floor. (3) Museum, a spacious room 80 feet by 69 feet, with preparation room adjoining. The first floor has twelve rooms, in which are housed the departments of Tropical Medicine and Entomology. The second floor has the main Class Laboratory, 69 feet by 58 feet, excellently lighted, and three other rooms devoted to the department of Parasitology. The third floor has a large research laboratory, 37 feet by 30 feet, and two research rooms. On the roof is an Insectarium, a mosquito-proofed house, and other accommodation. E 66 1920 It will thus be seen that the building is of an ample character, and will admit of an increase, in the future, of the staff of research workers. We here terminate this enumeration of the events of the first twenty-two years of the School's life. We have said little of the motives that impelled all those, whose names we have recorded, to work in establishing and maintaining the School during this period, but amidst the difficulties they encountered, a persistent hope of success has constantly inspired them. Our record shows that the objects of the far-seeing founders of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine are being achieved by the process of development, which the School is constantly undergoing. A reference to Appendix III, in which we have given a list, so far as possible com- plete, of all the works published by members of the staff from the date of its foundation to the present day, will give some idea of the scientific achievements of the School. The record also shows that the School is now preparing itself for further effort in attacking the many problems in the sphere of tropical medicine which still await solution. In the advance of knowledge of tropical diseases, it has a two-fold function: instruction and research. Without the latter, the former is of no avail. The School has carried on this double function for these twenty-two years, and in so doing has performed a national duty and met in return with national support. Its future progress is dependent upon the active sympathy of this City and of the Nation, and more especially of those whom Destiny binds in diverse ways to tropical lands. J. W. W. S. W. Y. B. B. (>1 APPENDIX I •WHO'S WHO' IN THE LIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE Adam (E.). Represented Liverpool Chamber of Commerce on Committee, 1 8 99- 1 904. Adami (John George), C.B.E., M.A., M.D., F.R.S. Vice-Chancellor of Liver- pool University, 1919-. Member of Committee, 1919- Adamson (William). President of Royal Southern Hospital. Vice-Chairman of Committee, 1898-1908. Alexander (WilUam), M.D., F.R.C.S. Surgeon, Royal Southern Hospital. Represented Royal Southern Hospital on Committee, 1898-1910. Allmand (Dorothy). Librarian, 1916- Alsop (James Willcox), O.B.E., J. P. Member of Committee, 1910- Annett (Henry Edward), M.D., D.P.H. Demonstrator in Tropical Patho- logy, 1899-1902. Member of ist Expedition, to West Africa, 1899. Member of 3rd Expedition, to Nigeria, 1900. Honorary Lecturer, 1905- 1911. Austen (Ernest Edward) Major, D.S.O. Member of ist Expedition, to West Africa, 1899. Barratt (John Oglethorpe Wakelin), M.D., D.Sc. Member of 19th Expedition, to Nyasaland, 1907. Honorary Lecturer, 1910-1913. Beattie (James Martin), M.A., M.D. Professor of Bacteriology, University of Liverpool. Represented Senate of University on Committee, 1913- Blacklock (Breadalbane), M.D., D.P.H. Research Assistant, Runcorn Research Laboratory, 1911-1914. Director of Runcorn Laboratory, 1914. Member of 32nd Expedition, to Sierra Leone, 1914. Lecturer on Parasitology, 1914- Lt, R.A.M.C, 1915. M.O. i/c malaria wards, Belmont Rd. Aux. Mihtary Hospital, 1916-1918. Member of Committee, 1917. Capt., R.A.M.C., 1918-1919. Research on malaria, 1916-1919 [war work]. Blood (Joseph Fitzgerald), M.D., Major, I.M.S. ret. Honorary Lecturer, 1908. Booth (Charles), Jun. Represented Steamship Owners' Association on Com- mittee, 1899-1901. Member of Committee, 1901- BowRiNG (Sir William B.), Bart. Represented Council of University on Committee, 1903-1916. BoYCE (Sir Rubert William), M.B., F.R.S. Professor of Pathology, University of Liverpool, 1894-191 1. Represented Senate of University on Committee, 1898-1911. Dean of the School, 1899-1911. F.R.S., 1902. Member of 13th Expedition, to Bathurst, Conakry, and Freetown, 1904. Member of i6th Expedition, to New Orleans, and later to Honduras, 1905. Knighted, 1906. Member of 22nd Expedition, to West Indies, 1909. Member of 25th Expedition, to West Africa, 1910. Died June i6th, 191 1. Breinl (Anton), M.U.Dr. John Garrett International Fellow, 1904-1906. Member of 15th Expedition, to Manaos, 1905. Invalided home with yellow fever. Assistant Lecturer, 1905. Director of Runcorn Research Laboratory, 1907-1909. Director of Institute of Tropical Medicine, Queensland, 1909— 1920. Brock-lehurst (George). Member of Committee, 1900-. Honorary Treasurer, 1903-1907. 68 Brookfield (Annie Maud). Secretary to Runcorn Research Laboratory, 1906-1914. Assistant to the Professor of Parasitology, 1916- Brown (Maude). Assistant to the Professor of Entomology, 1917- Buckley (Edmund Gladstone). Represented Royal Southern Hospital on Committee, 1913- BuRNiE (Robert McColl), M.B., Ch.B. Research Assistant, Manaos Research Laboratory, 1919- Carter (Henry Francis). S.E.A.C. Dipl., F.E.S. Assistant Lecturer on Entomology, 1910-1913. Lecturer on Entomology, 1913-. Dysentery research, 1916-1917; malaria research, 1917-1919 [war workj. Carter (Wilham), M.D., F.R.C.P. Physician, Royal Southern Hospital. Professor of Therapeutics, University College, Liverpool. Represented Royal Southern Hospital on Committee, 1898-1908. Took an active part in the establishment of the School. Caton (Richard), C.B.E., M.D., LL.D., F.R.C.P. Represented Council of University on Committee, 1902-. Vice-Chairman, 1913-. Chadwick (Joseph). Represented Ship Owners' Association on Committee, 1899-1902. Christian (H.R.H. the Princess). Honorary President, 1905- Christy (Cuthbert), M.B., CM. Assistant Lecturer, 1903-1906. Member of I2th Expedition, to Congo, 1903. Clarke (Herbert), M.A., B.C. Member of 13th E.xpedition, to Bathurst, Conakry, and Freetown, 1904. Cooper (Chve Forster), M.A. Curator of Zoological Museum, Cambridge. Malaria research, 1917-1918 [war work]. Cromer (Evelyn Baring), Earl, G.C.B. Honorary Vice-President, 1907-1916. Dale (Sir Alfred), M.A., LL.D. Principal of University College, 1899-1903. Vice-Chancellor of University, 1903-1919. Represented Council of University College on Committee, 1900-1904. Ex-offi-cio member of Committee, 1904-19 19. Daniels (Charles Wilberforce), M.B., F.R.C.P. Late Medical Superintendent of London School of Tropical Medicine. Took part in 5th Expedition, to Sierra Leone, 1901. Danson (Sir Francis Chatillon). Represented Council of University College on Committee, 1901-1902. Member of Committee, 1902-. Vice- Chairman, 1908-1913. Chairman, 1913-. Knighted, 1920. Danson (John West Wood). Member of Committee, 1908- Deacon (Henry Wade), J. P. Chairman of Royal Infirmary. Represented Council of University on Committee, 1917- Derby (Edward George Villiers Stanley), Earl of, K.G., G.C.V.O. Honorary Treasurer, 1908. Honorary Vice-President, 1908- Drawz (Walter W.). Librarian, 1910-1914. Durham (Herbert Edward), M.B., F.R.C.S. Grocers' Research Scholar. John Lucas Walker Student. Member of 4th Expedition, to the Amazon, 1900, subsequently proceeding to Cuba. Durning-Lawrence (Sir Edwin), Bart. Honorary Vice-President, 1913-1914. Provided funds for research in Cryotherapy. Dutton (John Everett), M.B., Ch.B. Holt Fellow, 1897; Walter Myers Fellow, 1901-1904. Member of 6th Expedition, to Gambia and Gold Coast, 1901. Member of loth Expedition, to Gambia and French Senegal, 1902. Member of 12th Expedition, to Congo, 1903. Was the first to identify a trypanosome in man. Died in the Congo, 27th February, 1905, whilst serving on the 12th Expedition. DuvALL (H. Muriel), M.Sc. Research on grain pests, 1916-1918 [war work]. Edie (E. S.), M.A., B.Sc. Late on the staff of Liverpool University Institute of Commercial Research. Chemical research, 1910-1911. Elliott (J. H.), M.D. Member of 3rd Expedition, to Nigeria, 1900. 69 Evans (Alwen Myfanwy), M.Sc. Assistant Lecturer in Entomology, 1918- EvANS (Arthur), F.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Member of 13th Expedition, to Bathurst, Conakry, and Freetown, 1904. Evans (Sydney). Acting Secretary, 1917-- Fantham (Annie Porter), D.Sc. Dysentery research, 1916 [war work]. Fantham (Harold Benjamin), D.Sc, M.A. Research Assistant in Parasitology, 1910. Assistant Lecturer on Parasitology, 1911-1913. Editorial Secretary, of the Annals, 1912-1916. Member of 31st Expedition, to Khartoum, 1913. Lecturer on Parasitology. 1913-1916. Professor of Zoology, Univer- sity College, Johannesburg, 19 16- Fernie (Henry F.). Represented Ship Owners' Association on Committee, 1902-1903. Fielding-Ould (Robert), M.A., M.D. Member of 2nd Expedition, to West Africa, 1899. Holt Fellow, 1900 and 1901. Assistant Lecturer on Tropical Diseases, 1900. Giles (G. M.), M.D., F.R.C.S. Lt.-Col., LM.S. Member of 14th Expedition, to Gold Coast, Lagos, and Nigeria, 1904. Deputy Lecturer for Professor of Tropical Medicine, 1904. Glazebrook (Richard Tetley), F.R.S. Principal of University College, 1898- 1899. Represented Council of University College on Committee, 1898-1900. Glynn (Ernest Edward), M.A., M.D. Professor of Pathology, University of Liverpool. Honorary Lecturer to the School, 1910-1913. Member of Committee, 1912- GoFFEY (J.), Colonel V.D. Represented Ship Owners' Association on Committee, 1899-1903. Gordon (Rupert Montgomery), M.B., Ch.B. Research Assistant, Manaos Research Laboratory, 19 19- Grunbaum (Albert S.). Assistant Lecturer in Tropical Medicine, 1900-1904. Hanington (John A. B.), M.D., CM. Research Assistant, Runcorn Research Laboratory, 1906. Hanley (Alan), C.M.G. Late P.M.O. Southern Nigeria. Member of 21st Expedition, to Jamaica, 1908. Harrison (Thomas Frederic). Represented Steamship Owners' Association on Committee, 1904- Herdman (WiUiam Abbott), C.B.E., D.Sc, LL.D., F.R.S. Professor of Natural History, University of Liverpool, 1881-1919; Professor of Oceanography, 1919-. Represented Senate of University on Committee, 1912- HiNDLE (Edward), Ph.D. Assistant at Runcorn Research Laboratory, 1907-1908. Hope (Edward William), O.B.F., M.D., D.Sc. Medical Officer of Health for Liverpool ; Professor of Public Health, University of Liverpool. Member of Committee, 1908-. Honorary Lecturer, 1910-1913. Lecturer on Municipal Sanitation, 1913- Hughes (J. W.). Represented Steamship Owners' Association on Committee, 1899-1901. James (Samuel). Secretary to Royal Southern Hospital. Honorary Secretary to the School, 1898-1899. Johnston (Edmund). Represented Steamship Owners' Association on Com- mittee, 1901-1903. Johnston (William). Presented the Johnston Laboratories to University College, 1903, the ground floor of which was devoted to Tropical Medicine. Jones (Sir Alfred Lewis), K.C.M.G. Founder of the School, 1898. Chairman of Committee, 1898-1909. Created K.C.M.G., 1901. Died 13th Dec, 1909. Munificent benefactor of the School. Jones (Charles W.). Represented Council of University College on Committee, 1898-1901. Jones (David). Member of Committee, 1919- JoNES (Sir Robert), C.B., D.Sc, Ch.M. Surgeon, Royal Southern Hospital. JO Kelly (Robert Ernest), C.B., M.D., B.Sc, F.R.C.S. Honorary Assistant Surgeon, Royal Infirmary. KiNGHORN (Allan), M.B. Johnston Colonial Fellow, 1905. Demonstrator and Research Assistant, i90i;-i9o6. Member of i8th Expedition, to Rhodesia and British Central Africa, 1907. Leverhulme (WiUiam Hesketh Lever), Baron. Chairman of the School, 1910- 1913. Created a baronet, 191 1. Honorary Vice-President, 191 3 . Created a baron, 1917. Linton (Stanley Fo.x), M.D., M.Sc. Research Assistant, 1903-1904. Livingston (Charles) Represented Steamship Owners' Association on Com- mittee, 1901-1909. Member of Committee, 1909 Macalister (Charles John), M.D.,F. R.C. P. Physician, Royal Southern Hospital. Represented Royal Southern Hospital on Committee, 190S-1915. McCarthy Q. L.). Assistant Secretary, Liverpool Chamber of Commerce. Deputy-Acting Secretary to the School, 1920- McCoNNELL (Robert Ernest), M.D., CM. Member of 14th Expedition, to Gold Coast, Lagos, and Nigeria, 1904. Macfie (John WilUam Scott), M.B., D.Sc. Pathologist, West African Medical Service. M.O. i/c malaria wards, Belmont Rd. Aux. Military Hospital, 1918-1919. Research on malaria and equine strongylidosis, 1916-1919 [war workj. MacGregor (Sir WilUam), K.C.M.G. Governor of Lagos. Member of loth Expedition, to Ismailia, 1902. McKendrick (Anderson). Member of 5th Expedition, to Sierra Leone, 1901. MACKINNON (Doris L.), D.Sc. Lecturer on Zoology, University of London, King's College. Dysentery research, 1916-1917 [war workJ. Marshall (Anthony Robert). Represented Ship Owners' Association on Committee, 1903- Matthews (James R.), M.A. Lecturer on Botany, University of London, Birkbeck College. Dysentery research, 1916-1919 [war work]. Merewether (Sir Edward), K.C.V.O. Late Governor of Sierra Leone. Honorary Vice-President, 1914- Miller (Robert Brown). Represented Association of West African Merchants on Committee, 1918- MiLNE (Alan Hay), C.M.G. Secretary to Liverpool Chamber of Commerce. Secretary to the School, 1899-1917. Milner (Alfred Milner), Viscount, G.C.B., G.C.M.G. Secretary of State for the Colonies. Vice-President of the School, 1910-. Montgomery (Robert Eustace), M.R.C.V.S. Member of 18th Expedition, to Rhodesia and British Central Africa, 1907. Morgan (Llewellyn Arthur), M.D., M.R.C.S. Capt., R.A.M.C. Assistant M.O. i/c Tropical School Aux. Military Hospital, 1915-1919. Morris (Herbert M.), M.Sc. Research on grain pests, 1919-1920 [war work]. Murphy (Nora). Laboratory Secretary, 1902-1919. Myers (Walter), M.B. John Lucas Walker Student. Member of 4th Expedition, to the Amazon, 1900, subsequently proceeding to Cuba. Died in Para, on January 20th, 1901, from yellow fever. Nauss (Ralph Welty). Research Assistant, Runcorn Research Laboratory, 1910. Neck (G. van). Member of ist Expedition, to West Africa, 1899. Newbolt (George Palmerston), M.B., F.R.C.S. Surgeon, Royal Southern Hospital. Represented Royal Southern Hospital on Committee, 1910-1915. Newstead (Robert), J. P., F.R.S., M.Sc, A.L.S., F.E.S. Lecturer in Economic Entomology and Parasitology, 1905-1911. Official Entomological Corres- pondent to 'The Gardener's Chronicle,' 1899-1910. Member of 21st Expedition, to Jamaica, 1908. Member of 24th Expedition, to Malta, 1910. Dutton Professor of Entomology, 191 1-. Member of Royal Society's Sleeping Sickness Commission in Nyasaland, 1911. F.R.S., 1912. Member 71 of Inter-Departmental Committee on Sleeping Sickness, 1913-1914. Organised anti-fly campaign in France and Flanders, 191 5. Directed Royal Society Grain Pests (War) Commission, 1916-1920 [war work]. NiERENSTEiN (Maximilian), D.Sc, Ph.D. John Garrett International Fellow, 1906-1908. Research Demonstrator, Runcorn Research Laboratory, 1908- 1909. Northumberland (Henry George Percy), 7th Duke, K.G., F.R.S. Honorary Vice-President, 1902-1917. O'Farrell (W. R.), Major, R.A.M.C. Malaria research, 1919. Paterson (Andrew Melville), M.D., F.R.C.S. Professor of Anatomy, University of Liverpool, 1 894-1 9 19. Represented Senate of University College on Committee, 1899-1904. Phillips (Kathleen). Assistant Secretary, Runcorn Research Laboratory, 1907. Philipps (Sir Owen), K.C.M.G. Honorary Vice-President, 1910- PiRRiE (William James Pirrie), Baron, K.P. Honorary Vice-President, 1910- Prout (William Thomas), M.B., C.M.G. Late P.M.O., Sierra Leone. Medical Adviser to the Colonial Office. Member of 21st Expedition, to Jamaica, 1908. Honorary Lecturer, 1907-1913. Lecturer on Tropical Sanitation, 1913-1919. Assistant Physician, Tropical Ward, Royal Infirmary, 1914- 1919. Lt.-Col., R.A.M.C, 1915-1919. Honorary Lecturer on Tropical Sanitation, 1919- Rankin (Robert). Member of Committee, 1908-. Honorary Treasurer, 1919- Rea (Alec Lionel). Honorary Treasurer, 1908-1919. Read (Sir Herbert James), K.C.M.G., C.B. Assistant Under-Secretary to the Colonial Office. Represented Colonial Office on Committee, 1912- Roberts (John Lloyd), M.D., B.Sc. Physician at Royal Southern Hospital. Roberts (William). Represented Steamship Owners' Association on Committee, 1903- RoGERSON (Stanley) Represented West African Trade Association on Committee, 1901-1910. Ross (Edward Halford), M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Assistant to Professor of Tropical Medicine, 191 1. Ross (Sir Ronald), M.D., F.R.S., K.C.B., K.C.M.G. Lecturer on Tropical Diseases, 1899-1901. Member of Committee, 1899-1905. Member of 1st Expedition, to West Africa, 1899. Member of 3rd Expedition, to Nigeria, 1900. Walter Myers Lecturer, 1901. Member of 5th Expedition, to Sierra Leone, 1901. F.R.S. , 1901. Member of 8th Expedition, to Sierra Leone, 1902. Resigned Lectureship, 1902. Re-appointed, 1902. Member of 9th Expedition, to Ismailia, 1902. Nobel Laureate, 1902. C.B., 1902. Alfred Jones Professor of Tropical Medicine, 1903-1912. Paid a visit of inspection to Panama Canal, 1904. Member of 17th Expedition, to Lake Copais, Greece, 1906. Member of 20th Expedition, to Mauritius, 1907. Physician, Royal Southern Hospital, 1908-1914. Professor of Tropical Sanitation, Liverpool University, and Lecturer in the School, 1912-1917. Lt.-Col., R.A.M.C. [T.]. Consultant in malaria, War Office, 1917-1919. Seidelin (Harald), M.D. Yellow Fever Bureau Research, 1911-1915. Member of 28th Expedition, to Yucatan, 191 1. Member of 30th Expedition, to Jamaica, 1912. Member of Colonial Office Yellow Fever Commission, West Africa, 1 91 3. Sherrington (Charles Scott), M.A., M.D., F.R.S., D.Sc. Professor of Physio- logy, University of Liverpool, 1895-1913. Member of Committee, 1901- 1904. Represented Senate of University on Committee, 1904-1913. Simpson (George Charles Edward), B.A., B.Sc, M.B. Research Assistant in Chemistry, 19 10. Smith (Albert Mahns), M.A. Lecturer on Biology, Technical College, Bradford. Dysentery research, 1916-1919 [war workj. Southwell (Thomas), A.R.C.Sc, F.Z.S. Late Director of Fisheries, Bengal and Bihar and Orissa. Assistant Lecturer on Parasitology, 1920- 72 Stephens (John William Watson), M.D., F.R.S. Demonstrator in Tropical Pathology, 1902. Walter Myers Lecturer, 1903-1913. Member of 23rd Expedition, to Egypt, 1909. Alfred Jones Professor of Tropical Medicine, 1913-. Honorary Physician to Tropical Ward, Royal Infirmary, 1914-. M.O. i/c Tropical School Aux. MiUtary Hospital, 1915-1919. Consultant in Malaria, Western, Northern, and Scottish Commands. Lt.-Col., R.A.M.C., 1917-1919. Research on malaria, 1915-1919 [war work]. Representative of the School on Tropical Diseases Advisory Committee, 1917-. Charles Kingsley Medallist, 1918. F.R.S. , 1920. Stewart (Charles Balfour), M. A., M.B. Assistant Lecturer in Tropical Medicine, 1900. Member of 7th Expedition, to Gold Coast, 1901. Stott (Walter). Honorary Statistician to the School, 1910- Strafford (J. O.) Represented Liverpool Chamber of Commerce on Committee, 1899-1911. Honorary Treasurer, 1899-1903. Taylor (Matthew Logan), M.B., Ch.B. Member of 5th Expedition, to Sierra Leone, 1901. Member of nth Expedition, to Gold Coast, 1902. Thomas (Harold Wolferstan), M.D., CM. Research Assistant and Director of Runcorn Research Laboratory, 1903-1905. Assistant Lecturer, 1905. Member of 15th Expedition, to Manaos, 1905. Member of 26th Expedition, to Manaos, 1910. Director of Manaos Research Laboratory, 1905- Thomas (Wilham Thelwall), Hon. Ch.M., F.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Surgeon, Royal Infirmary. Professor of Regional Surgery and Lecturer in Clinical Surgery, University of Liverpool. Thomson (David), O.B.E., M.B., Ch.B. Research Assistant in Malaria, 1910. Chnical Pathological Assistant, 1911-1913, Member of 29th Expedition, to Panama, 1912. Thomson Qohn Gordon), M.A., M.B., Ch.B. Research Assistant in Cryotherapy, 1910-1913. Clinical Pathological Assistant, 1913. TiNNE (J. A.). Represented Royal Southern Hospital on Committee, 1908-1913. ToBEY (Edward Nelson), M.D. Research Assistant, Runcorn Research Labora- tory, 1906. Todd (John Lancelot), B.A., M.D., CM. Member of loth Expedition, to Gambia and French Senegal, 1902. Member of 12th Expedition, to Congo, 1903. Assistant Lecturer, 1905. Director of Runcorn Research Laboratory, 1906-1907. Member of 27th Expedition, to Gambia, 191 1. Walker (Charles Edward), D.Sc, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Honorary Lecturer in Cytology, 1 907-1 908. Research on Cryotherapy, 1909. Warr (A. F.), M.P. Member of Committee, 1901-1908. Welsh (Thomas). Represented West African Trade Association on Committee, 1910- Whittle (Madge). Laboratory Secretary, 1919- WiLLiAMS (Charles Louis), Major, I. M.S., ret. Honorary Lecturer, 1907. Research on Cryotherapy, 1909. Williams (Lewis Arthur), M.D. Demonstrator and Research Assistant, 1905. Williams (O. Harrison). Honorary Vice-President, 1910- WiLLiAMS (Robert Stenhouse), B.Sc, M.D., CM. Assistant Lecturer, 1909. Wolbach (S. B.), M.D. Member of 27th Expedition, to Gambia, 191 1. Woodsend (Thomas). Represented Royal Southern Hospital on Committee, 1916- YoRKE (Warrington), M.D. Holt Fellow, 1906. Member of 19th Expedition, to Nyasaland, 1907. Research Assistant, Runcorn Research Laboratory, 1909. Director, 1910. Member of Sleeping Sickness Commission of B.S.A. Co., to Rhodesia, 1911-1913. Walter Myers Professor of Parasitology, 1913-. Member of Committee, 1914-. Member of 32nd Expedition, to Sierra Leone, 1914. Capt., R.A.M.C., 1915. Physician, Tropical School Aux. Mihtary Hospital, 1916-1919. Research on malaria, dysentery, and equine strongylidosis, 1016-1919 [war work]. Young (Charles James), M.B., Ch.B. Research Assistant, Manaos Research Laboratory, 1919- 73 APPENDIX II EXPEDITIONS The following is a complete list of the Expeditions sent out to the Tropics by the School from its foundation to the end of 1913 : — The First (Malarial) Expedition : Major Ronald Ross, C.B., F.R.S., Dr. H. E. Annett, Mr. E. E. Austen (of the British Museum), and Dr. Van Neck (of Belgium), despatched to Sierra Leone, July, 1S99. The Second (.Malarial) Expedition : Dr. R. Fielding Ould, despatched to the Gold Coast and Lagos in the winter of 1899. The Third (Malarial) Expedition : Dr. H. E. Annett, Dr. ]. E. Dutton, and Dr. Elliott, despatched to Northern and Southern Nigeria, March, igoo. The Fourth (Yellow Fever) Expedition : Dr. H. E. Durham and Dr. Walter Myers, despatched to Cuba, and to Para, Brazil, June, 1900. The Fifth (Sanitation) Expedition : Major Ronald Ross, C.B., F.R.S., and Dr. Logan Taylor, despatched to Sierra Leone, June, 1901. The Sixth (Trypanosomiasis) Expedition : Dr. J. E. Dutton, despatched to the Gambia, September, 1901. The Seventh (Malarial) Expedition : Dr. C. Balfour Stewart, despatched to the Gold Coast, November, 1901. The Eighth (Sanitation) Expedition : Major Ronald Ross, C.B., F.R.S., despatched to Sierra Leone, February, 1902. The Ninth (Malarial) Expedition : Major Ronald Ross, C.B., F.R.S., accompanied by Sir WilUam MacGregor, K.C.M.G., the Governor of Lagos, despatched to Tsmailia, September, 1902. The Tenth (Trypanosomiasis) Expedition : Dr. J. E. Dutton and Dr. J. L. Todd, despatched to the Gambia and French Senegal, September, 1902. The Eleventh (Sanitation) Expedition : Dr. M. Logan Taylor, despatched to the Gold Coast from Sierra Leone, October, 1902. The Twelfth (Trypanosomiasis) Expedition : Dr. J. E. Dutton, Dr. J. L. Todd, and Dr. C. Christy, despatched to the Congo Free State, September, 1903. The Thirteenth Expedition : Professor Rubert Boyce, F.R.S., Dr. Arthur Evans, and Dr. Herbert H. Clarke, were despatched to Bathurst, Conakry, and Freetown, November, 1904, to report on the Sanitation and Anti-Malarial Measures in practice at the towns visited. The Fourteenth Expedition : Lieut. -Col. G. M. Giles, Indian Medical Service (Rtd.), and Dr. R. Ernest McConnell, despatched to the Gold Coast, December, 1904., to organise sanitary and anti-malarial measures. The Fifteenth (Yellow Fever) Expedition : Dr. H. Wolferstan Thomas and Dr. Anton Breinl, despatched to the Amazon, April, 1905. 74 The Sixteenth (Yellow Fever) Expedition : Professor Boyce, F.R.S., despatched to New Orleans, August, 1905, to observe the work of the United States Medical Authorities in deaUng with the outbreak of Yellow Fever theie. Professor Boyce subsequently visited British Honduras at the special request of the Colonial Office. The Seventteenth (Malarial) Expedition : Professor Ronald Ross, C.B., F.R.S., despatched to Lake Copais, in Greece, May, 1900, at the request 01 the I,ake Copais Company. The Eighteenth (Sleeping Sickness) Expedition : Dr. Allan Kinghorn and Mr. R. E. Montgomery, M.R.C.V.S., despatched to Rhodesia and British Central Africa, May, 1907. The Nineteenth (Blackwater Fever) Expedition : Dr. J. O. Wakelin Barratt and Dr. W. Yorke despatched to Nyasaland, August, 1907. The Twentieth Expedition : Professor Ronald Ross, C.B., F.R.S., despatched to Mauritius at the request of the Colonial Office, October, 1907, to study malaria. The Twenty-first Expedition : Mr. R. Newstead, Dr. W. T. Prout, C.M.G., and Dr. Alan Hanley, C.M.G., despatched to Jamaica, November, 190R, to study cattle and other ticks. The Twenty-second Expedition : Professor Sir Rubert Boyce, F.R.S., despatched to Barbadoes, March, 1909, at the request ot the Colonial Office, to initiate a campaign against mosquitoes. The Twenty-third Expedition : Dr. J. W. W. Stephens despatched to Egypt to study helminthology, November, 1909. The Twenty-fourth Expedition : Mr. R. Newstead, despatched to Malta for entomological investigations, June, 1910. The Twenty-fifth Expedition : Professor Sir Rubert Boyce, F.R.S., despatched to West Africa to report on the outbreak of Yellow Fever at Sierra Leone and the Gold Coast, June, 1910. The Twenty-sixth (North Brazil Sanitation) Expedition : Dr. H. Wolferstan Thomas, despatched to Manaos in Brazil, May, 1910. The Twenty-seventh Expedition : Professor J. L. Todd and Professor S. B. Wolbach, despatched to the Gambia to investigate Sleeping Sickness, January, 191 1. The Twenty-eighth (Yellow Fever) Expedition : Dr. Harald Seidelin, despatched to Yucatan, in Mexico, to study Yellow Fever, December, 1911. The Twenty-ninth (Malaria) Expedition : Dr. D. Thomson, despatched to Panama to confer with medical men there regarding the prevalence of Malaria, September, 1912. The Thirtieth (Vomiting Sickness) Expedition : Dr. Harald Seidelin, despatched to Jamaica to study Vomiting Sickness and other obscure Tropical Diseases, December, 1912. The Thirty-first Expedition : Dr. H. B. Fantham despatched to Khartoum to study diseases prevalent there, July, 191 3. The Thirty-second Expedition : Professor Warrington Yorke and Dr. B. Blacklock despatched to Sierra Leone to study Sleeping Sickness and other Diseases there, November, 1914. Reports of all the above Expeditions appear in the Annals and other publications of the School. 75 In addition, the services of the following members of the Staff of the School have been requisitioned : — Major Sir Ronald Ross, K.C.B., F.R.S. Expedition to Panama Canal Zone. September, 1904. (At the request of the Panama Canal Commission.) Professor Robert Newstead, F.R.S. Expedition to Nyasaland to study Sleeping Sickness. July — October, 191 1. (At the request of the Colonial Office.) Dr. Warrington Yorke. Expedition to Rhodesia to study Sleeping Sickness. August, 191 1 — October, 1912. (At the request of the British South Africa Company.) Major Sir Ronald Ross, K.C.B., F.R.S. Expedition to Cyprus. January — April, 1913. (At the request of the Colonial Office.) Dr. Harald Seidelin. Attached to the West Africa Yellow Fever Commission, at the request of the Colonial Office. October, 191.^. n APPENDIX III. PAPERS PUBLISHED BY MEMBERS OF THE STAFF WHILE AT THE SCHOOL. Annett, H. E. (i) Note on the results of inoculation of blood from the European case H. K. Liv. Sch. Trap. Med., Memoir XI, pp. 47-49. 1903. [With J. E. DuTTON.] (2) The hibernation of English mosquitoes. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir IV, pp. 93-96. igoi. [With J. E. DuTTON and J. H. Elliott.] (3) Report of the Malaria Expedition to Nigeria. Part I : Malaria. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir III, pp. 1-66 ; Part II : Filariasis. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir IV, pp. 1-92. 1901. See also Breinl (5) and Ross (28). Austen, E. E. (i) Supplementary notes on the tsetse-flies (genus Glossina, Wiedemann). Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir XIII, pp. 101-112. 1904. See also Ross (28). Barratt, J. 0. W. (i) On the absence of a vesicant in the ether extract obtainable from mosquitoes. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. IV, pp. 177-178. 1910. (2) Recent experimental research bearing upon blackwater fever. A}ift. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VII, pp. 367-369. 1913. [With W. YORKE.J (3) An investigation into the mechanism of the production of blackwater. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. Ill, pp. 1-256. 1909. (4) A method of estimating the total volume of blood contained in the living body. Proc. Roy. Soc, Ser. B, Vol. LXXXI, pp. 381-384. 1909. (5) Ueber den Mechanismus der Entstchung der Hamoglobinurie bei Infektionen mit Piroplasma canis. Zeit. fur Immunitatsforschun^ taid Exper. Thcrapie, Vol. IV. Dec, 1905. (6) Ueber Hamoglobinamie. Zeit. fur I mmunitdts{orschung und Exper. T^fiAfl/izV, Vol. XII, Pt. 3. 1912. (7) The production of general symptoms in haemoglobinaemia. Brit. Med. Journ. Jan. 31, 1914. (8) The relation of bile pigments to haemoglobin. Ann. Trop. Med, Parasit., Vol. VIII, pp. 509-536. 1914. Blacklock, B. (i) The measurement of a thousand examples of Trypanosoma vivax. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. V, pp. 521-530. 1912. (2) A note on the measurements of Trypanosoma vivax in rabbits and white rats. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. V, p. 537. 1912. (3) The vitality of, and changes undergone by, trypanosomes in the cadaver of the animal host. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 55-68. 1912. (4) The trypanosomes found in a horse naturally infected in the Gambia. A double infection. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 107-116. 1912. (5) The measurements of a thousand examples of a short form of trypanosome from a double infection. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 287-293. 1912. 78 BlacklOCk, B.— continued. (6) On the presence of posterior nucleated parasites in a strain of T.biucei. Brit. Med. Journ. Oct. 19, 1912. (7) On the resistance of Cimex lectvlarius to various reagents, powders, liquids, and gases. Ann. Tiop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 415-428. 1912. (X) The resistance of Ornithodorus mouhata to various sheep dips. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 429-433. 191 2. (g) External Myasis in a monKey. Brit. Med. Journ. Jan. 11, 1913. (10) A study of the posterior nuclear forms of Trypanosoma rf^odesiensc (Stephens and Fantham) in rats. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit.., Vol. VII, pp. 101-112. 1913. (11) On the multiplieationandinfectivity of T. cruzim Cimex lectularius. Brit. Med. Journ. April 25, 1914. (12) Ancylostoma ceylanicum in the cat in Durban. Ann. Jrop. Med. Parasit.., Vol. XIII, p. 297. 1919- [With H. F. Carter.] (13) The experimental infection, in England, of Anopheles plumbeus, Hal., with Plasmodium vivax (sporozoites in salivary glands). Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XIII, pp. 187-188. 1919. (14) The experimental infection, in England, of Anopheles plumbeus, Stephens, and Anopheles bifuratus, L., with Plasmodium vivax. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XIII, pp. 413-420. 1920. (15) Observations on Anopheles {Coelodiazesis) plumbeus, Stephens, with special reference to its breeding places, occurrence in the Liverpool district, and possible connection with the spread of malaria. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XIII, pp. 421-444. 1920. (16) On the results obtained from surveys for breeding places of tree- hole mosquitoes in Liverpool and neighbourhood. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XIV, pp. 115-126. 1920. [With W. R. O'Farrell.] (17) Note on a case of multiple infection by Dracunculus medinensis. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XIII, pp. 189-194. 1919. [With W. YORKE.] (18) The trypanosomes causing dourine. Proc. Roy. Soc., Vol. LXXXVII, pp. 89-96. 191 3. (19) Trypanosoma vivax in rabbits. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VII, pp. 563-568. 1913. (20) The probable identity of Trypanosoma congolense (Broden) and T. nanum (Laveran). Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VII, pp. 603-607. 1913- See also Stephens (28, 44-73) and Yorke (16-28). Boyce, R. (i) The anti-malaria measures at Ismailia, 1902-4. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir XII, pp. i-o. 1904. (2) Yellow fever prophylaxis in New Orleans. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir XIX, pp. 1-62. 1906. (3) Mosquito or Man ? The Conquest of the Tropical World. 8°., London : Murray, 1909. (4) Health Progress and Administration in the West Indies. 8°., London: Murray, 1910. 2nd ed., 1910. (5) Malaria prevention in Jamaica. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. IV, pp. 233-238. 1910. (6) Note upon yellow fever in the black race and its bearing upon the question of the endemicity of yellow fever in West Africa. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. V, pp. 103-110. 191 1. (7) Yellow Fever and its Prevention : a Manual for Medical Students and Practitioners. 8°., London : Murray, igii. 79 Boyce, R. — continued. [With A. Breinl.] (8) Atoxyl and trypanosomiasis. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasil., Vol. II, pp. 1-32. 1908. [With A. Evans and H. H. Clarke.] (9) Report on the sanitation and anti-malarial measures in practice in Bathurst, Conakry, and Freetown. Liv. Sch. Trap. Med., Memoir XIV, pp. 1-40. 1905. [With F. C. Lewis.] (10) The effect of mosquito larvae upon drinking-water. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasii., Vol. Ill, pp. 591-594. 1910. See also Stephens (29). Breinl, A. (i) Pathological report of the histology of sleeping sickne.^s and trypano- somiasis, with a comparison of the changes found in animals infected with Trypanosoma gambiense and other TryJDanosomata. Proc. Roy. Soc, Ser. B, Vol. LXXVII, pp. 233-235. 1906. (2) On the specific nature of the spirochaeta of the African tick fever. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir XX, pp. 69-72. 1906. (3) On the morphology and life-history of Spirochaeta duttoni. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. I, pp. 435-438. 1907. (4) Experiments on the combined atoxyl-mercury treatment in monkeys infected with Trypanosoma gambiense. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. II, PP- 345-351- 1909- [With H. E. Annett.] (5) Short note on the mechanism of haemolysis in Piroplasmosis cants. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. II, pp. 383-385. 1909. [With E. HiNDLE.] (6) Contributions to the morphology and life-history of Piroplasma canis. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. II, pp. 233-248. 1908. (7) A new Porocephalus {Porocephalus cercopitheci, n.sp.). Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. II, pp. 321-322. 1909. (8) Observations on the life-history of Trypanosoma lewisi in the rat- louse {H aematopinus spinulosus). Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. Ill, PP- 553-564- 1910- [With A. KiNGHORN.] (q) Observations on the animal reactions of the splrochacte of the African tick fever. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir XX, pp. 61-65. 1906. (10) An experimental study of the parasite of the African tick fever. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir XXI, pp. 1-52. 1906. (i i) Note on a new Spirochaeta found in a mouse. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir XXI, pp. 55-56. 1906. [With A. KiNGHORN and J. L. Todd.] (12) Attempts to transmit splrochaetes by the bites of Cimcx lectularius. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir XXI, pp. 1 13-1 18. 1906. [With M. Nierenstein.] (13) Weitere Beobachtungen iiber Atoxylfcstigkcit dcr Trypanosomen. Dent. Med. JFoch., No. 27. 1908. (14) The action of aryl-stiblnic acids in experimental trypanosomiasis. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. II, pp. 365-382. 1909. (15) Bio-chemical and therapeutical studies on trypanosomiasis. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. Ill, pp. 395-420. 1909. [With J. L. Todd.] (16) Atoxyl in the treatment of trypanosomiasis. Brit. Med. jfourn. Jan. 19, 1907. See also Boyce (8), Salvin-Moore (1-4), and Thomas (6). 8o Carter, H. F. (i) A new Anopheline from South Africa. Entomologist, Vol. XLllI, pp. 237-238. 1910. (2) Report on a collection of Culicidae from Cochin China. Entomologist, Vol. XLIII, pp. 274-276. 1910. (3) A new mosquito from Uganda. Bull. Ent. Research, Vol. II, PP- 37-38- 1911- (4) Descriptions of three new African species of the genus Tabanus. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 435-442. 1912. (5) On certain mosquitoes ol the genera Banksinclla, Theobald, and Tacniorhynchtis, Arribalzaga. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasii., Vol. VII, pp. 581-589. 1913. (6) On some previously undescribed Tabanidae from Africa. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. IX, pp. 173-196. 1915. (7) On three new African midges. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. X, pp. 131-138. 1916. (8) Remarks on the spirochaetes occurring in the faeces of dysenteric patients. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. X, pp. 391-396. 1917. (9) New West African Ceratopogoninae. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. XII, pp. 289-302. 1919. (10) Descriptions of the male genital armatures of the British anopheline mosquitoes. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. XIII, pp. 453-457. 192c. (11) The Blood-sucking Nematocera. In The Practice oj Medicine in the Tropics, Vol. I. 1920. (In the press.) [With B. Blacklock.] (12) External myiasis in a monkey. Brit. Med. Jonrn. Jan. 11, 1913. [With J. R. Matthews.] (13) The value of concentrating the cysts of protozoal parasites in examining the stools of dysenteric patients for pathogenic entamoebae. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. XI, pp. 195-204. 1917. [With D. L. MACKINNON, J. R. Matthews, and A. M. Smith.] (14) The protozoal findings in nine hundred and ten cases of dysentery examined at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, from May to September, 1916 (First Report). Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. X, pp 411-426. 1917. (15) Protozoological investigation of cases of dysentery conducted at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (Second Report). Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. XI, pp. 27-68. 1917. (16) Protozoological examinations made in the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine ; being Part III of the Medical Research Committee's Special Report, No. 7 : Report upon 2, 360 enteritis ' convalescents ' received at Liverpool from various Expeditlonar^■ Forces. 1918 See also Macfie (i), Newstead (59, 61), Stephens (48-68), and Yorke (29). Carter, R. M. (i) The presence of Spirochaeta duttoni in the ova of Ornithodoros mouhata. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. I, pp. 157-160. 1907. Christophers, S. R. [With R. Newstead.] (i) On a new pathogenic louse which acts as the intermediary host of a new haemogregarine in the blood of the Indian field-rat (j'^rM/wi indicus). Thompson Yates Lab. Reports, Vol. VII, pp. 1-6. 1906. [With ]. W. W. Stephens.] (2) Note on a new Schistosomtim egg. Journ. Trop. Med. & HyR-i Vol. Ill, p. 250. 1905. See also Ross (30), Stephens (30-33). 8i Christy, C. (i) The ccrebro-spinal fluid in sleeping sickness (Trypanosomiasis) : 104 lumbar punctures. Liv. Scb. Trop. Med., Memoir XIII, pp. 57-71. 1904. See also Dutton (10-13). Clarke, H. H. See Boyce (9). Connal, A. See Seidelin (31, 32). Cooper, C. F. See Stephens (44-68). Durham, H. E. (i) Report of the Yellow Fever Expedition to Para. Liv. Scb. Trop. Med., Memoir VII. pp. 1-75. 1902. [With W. Myers.] (2) Notes on the sanitary conditions obtaining in Para. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Miscellanea, pp. i-io. 1 90 1. Dutton, J. E. (i) Preliminary note upon a trypanosome occurring in the blood of man. Thompson Tales Lab. Reports, Vol. IV, Pt. 2, pp. 455-469. 1902. (2) Report of the Malaria E.xpedition to the Gambia. Liv. Scb. Trop. Med., Memoir X, pp. 1-46. 1903. (3) The intermediary host of Filaria cypseli. Thompson Tales Lab. Reports, Vol. VI, Pt. i, pp. 139-146. 1905. [With J. L. Todd.] (4) First Report of the Trypanosomiasis Expedition to Senegambia. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir XI, pp. 1-57. 1903. (5) Gland puncture in Trypanosomiasis. Liv. Scb. Trop. Med., Memoir XVI, pp. 97-102. 1905. (6) The nature of human tick fever in the Eastern part of the Congo Free State. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir XVII, pp. 1-18. 1905. (7) The distribution and spread of sleeping sickness in the Congo Free State with suggestions on prophylaxis. Liv. Scb. Trop. Med., Memoir XVIII, pp. 23-38. 1906. (8) Rapport sur la prophylaxie de la malaria dans les principaux postes de I'Etat Independant du Congo. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir XX, pp. 1-58. 1906. (g) Gland palpation in human Trypanosomiasis. Liv. Scb. Trop. Med., Memoir XVIII, pp. 1-22. 1906. [With J. L. Todd and C. Christy.] (10) Human Trypanosomiasis on the Congo. Liv. Scb. Trop. Med., Memoir XIII, pp. i-io. 1904. (i i) Human Trypanosomiasis and its relation to Congo Sleeping Sickness. Liv. Scb. Trop. Med., Memoir XIII, pp. 11-48. 1904. (12) The Congo floor maggot. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir XIII, pp. 49-55. 1904. (13) Two cases of Trypanosomiasis in Europeans. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir XIII, pp. 89-97. 1904. [With J. L. Todd and J. W. B. Hanington.] (14) Trypanosome transmission experiments. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. I, pp. 199-229. 1907. [With J. L. Todd and A. Kinghorn.] (15) Cattle trypanosomiasis in the Congo Free State. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. I, pp. 231-271. 1907. 82 Dutton, J. E. — continued. [With J. L. Todd and E. N. Tobey.] (16) A comparison between the trypanosomes present by day and night in the peripheral blood of cases of human trypanosomiasis. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir XXI, pp. 59-64. 1906. (17) Concerning certain parasitic protozoa observed in Africa. Lir. Scb. Trop. Med., Memoir XXI, pp. 87-97. 1906. (18) Concerning haemoflagellates of an African fish {Clarias angohnsis). Journ. Med. Research, Vol. XV, No. 3. 1906. (19) Trypanosomes ot the trumpeter hornbill {Bycanistes buccinator). Journ. Med. Research, Vol. XVI, No. i. 1907. (20) Concerning certain parasitic protozoa observed in Africa. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. I, pp. 285-370. 1907. See also Annett (2, 3), Newstead (65). Duvall, H. M. See Newstead (66-68). Edie, E. S. [With W. H. Evans, B. AIgore, G. C. Simpson, and A. Webster.] (i) The anti-neuritic bases of vegetable origin in relationship to Beri- beri, with a method of isolation of torulin, the anti-neuritic base of yeast. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 235-243. 1912. Also in Bio-chem. Journ., Vol. VI, pp. 234-242. See also Ross (31) and Simpson (5-7). Elliott, J. H. See Annett (3). Evans, A. See Boyce (9). Evans, A. M. (i) On the genital armature of the female tsetse flies (Glossina). Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XIII, pp. 31-56. 1919. Evans, W. H. See Edie (i). Fantham, H. B. (i) On the occurrence of schizogony in an avian leucocytozoon, L. lovati, parasitic in the red grouse, Lagopus scoticus. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. IV, pp. 255-260. 1910. (2) The life history of Trypanosoma gambiense and Trypanosoma rhodesiense as seen in rats and gumea-pigs. Proc. Roy. Soc, B, Vol. LXXXIII, pp. 212- 227. igii. Also in Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. IV, pp. 465-485. 1911. (3) On the amoebae parasitic in the human intestine, with remarks on the life-cycle of Entamoeba coli in cultures. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. V, pp. 111-123. igii- (4) Some researches on the life cycle of spirochaetes. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. V, pp. 479-500. 191 1. (5) Herpetotnonas pediculi, sp.n., parasitic in the alimentary tract of Pedicules vestimenti, the human louse. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 25-40. 191 2. (6) Note on the occurrence and distribution of Herpetomonas pediculi. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 403-404. 1912. (7) Note on the specific name of the Herpetomonas found in the dog flea, Ctenoccphalus canis. Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., Vol. VI, pp. 254-255. 1913- 83 Fantham, H. B — continued. (8) Sarcocyslis cclii, n.sp., a Sarcosporidlan occurring in the red-faced African mouse-bird, Coitus eryihromclon. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soi., Vol. XVII, pp. 221-224. 1913. (g) Tlie Isle of Wight bee disease (Microsporidiosis) ; second report. Suppl. to Journ. Board Agric. July, 1913. (10) Some Minute Animal Parasites, or Unseen Foei in the Animal World. 8°., London : Methuen, 1914. (11) The granule phase of spirochaetes. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. VIII, pp. 471-484. 1914. (12) Insect flagellates and the evolution of disease with remarks on the importance of comparative methods in the study of protozoology. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. IX, pp. 335-348. 1915. (13) Spirochacta bronchialis, Castellani, 1907, together with remarks on the spirochaetes of the human mouth. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. IX, pp. 391-412. 1915. [With A. Porter.] (14) The morphology and life history of Nosemaapis and the significance of its various stages in the so-called ' Isle of Wight ' disease in bees. Ann. Trop. Med. Paiasit., Vol. VI, pp. 163-195. 1912. {15) The dissemination of Nosema apis. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 197-214. 1912. (16) Some effects of the occurrence of Myxosporidia in the gall bladder of fishes. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit. , Vol. \l,^^. Jt6j-:^Zi. 1912. (17) The pathogenicity of Nosema apis to insects other than hive bees. .4nn. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VII, pp. 569-579. 1913. (18) Herpetomonas stratiomyiae, n. sp., a flagellate parasite of the flies Stratiomyiae chameleon and S. potamida with remarks on the biology of the hosts. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VII, pp. 609-620. 1913. (19) The morphology, biology and economic importance of Nosema bombi, n.sp., parasitic in various humble bees {Bombus spp.). Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VIII, pp. 623-638. 1914. (20) Some experimental researches on induced herpetomoniasis in birds. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. IX, pp. 543-558. 1915. [With J. G. Thomson.] (21) Enumerative studies on Trypanosoma gambiense and Trypanosoma rhodesiense in rats, guinea-pigs, and rabbits ; periodic variations disclosed. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. IV, pp. 417-463. 191 1. Preliminary note in Proc. Roy. Soc, B, Vol. LXXXIII, pp. 206-211. 191 1. [With J. W. W. Stephens and F. V. Theobald.] (22) The Animal Parasites of Man. 8°., London : Bale & Danielsson, 1916. See also Stephens (35-39) and Thomson, J. G. (3). Fielding-Ould, R. (i) Observations at Freetown, Accra and Lagos. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir II, pp. 51-58. 1902. See also Ross (28, 32). Giles, G. M. (i) General sanitation and anti-malarial measures in Sekondi, the Gold- fields, and Kumassi. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir XV., pp. 1-53. 1905. (2) Description of two species of Anopheles from West Africa. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir II, pp. 49-51. 1902. See also Ross (28). Hanington, J. W. B. See Dutton (14). 84 Hindle, E. See Breinl (6-8) and Salvin-Moore (4). Kinghorn, A. [With R. E. Montgomery.] (i) Reports of the Sleeping Sickness Expedition to the Zambesi, for the year 1907-1908. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. II, pp. 53-96. 1908. (2) On the flagellates occurring in the intestine of Glossina palpalis, and in the intestine and proboscis of Glossina morsitans. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. Ill, pp. 259-276. 1909. (3) Second report on human trypanosomiasis in North Eastern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. Ill, pp. 277-309. 1909. (4) A further report on trypanosomiasis of domestic stock in Northern Rhodesia (North-Eastern Rhodesia). Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. Ill, pp. 311-374. 1909. [With J. L. Todd. I (5) Review of the present means of combating sleeping sickness. Lancet. Feb. 2, 1907. [With W. YORKE.] (6) On the transmission of human trypanosomes by Glossina morsitans, Westw. ; and on the occurrence of human trypanosomes in game. Aftn. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 1-23. 1912. (7) A further report on the transmission of human trypanosomes by Glossina morsitans. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., -Vol. VI, pp. 269-285. 1912. (8) Trypanosomes infecting game and domestic stock in the Luangwa Valley, North Eastern Rhodesia. Ann Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, PP- 301-315- 1912. (9) Trypanosomes obtained by feeding wild Glossina morsitans on monkeys in Luangwa Valley, Northern Rhodesia. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 317-325. 1912. (10) On the influence of meteorological conditions on the development of Trypanasoma rhodcsiense in Glossina morsitans. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 405-413. 1912. (11) Further observations on the trypanosomes of game and domestic stock in North Eastern Rhodesia. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, PP- 483-493- 1912- [With W. YoRKE and L. Lloyd.] (12) On the development of Trypanosoma rhodesiense in Glossina morsitans. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 495-503. 1912. (13) Final report of the Luangwa Sleeping Sickness Commission of the British South Africa Company, 1911-1912. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VII, pp. 183-302. 1913. See also Breinl (9-12), Dutton (15), and Montgomery (1-3). Linton, S. F. See Thomas (7). Macne, J. W. S. [With H. F. Carter.] (i) The occurrence of Spirochaeta eurygyrata in Europeans in England, with a note on a second species of Spirochaeta from the human intestine. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XI, pp. 75-79. 1917- [With W. YoRKE.] (2) The relapsing fever spirochaetes. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XI, pp. 81-85. I9'7- See also Stephens (44-73) and Yorke (30-38). Mackinnon, D. L. See Carter (14-16), Stephens (40), and Yorke (29). 85 Matthews, J. R. (i) Observations on the cysts of the common intestinal protozoa of man. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. XII, pp. 17-26. 1918. (2) A mcnsurative study of the cysts of Entamoeba colt. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. XII, pp. 259-272. 1919- (3) The course and duration of an infection with Entamoeba colt. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. XIII, pp. 17-22. 1919- [With A. M. Smith.] (4) The spread and incidence of intestinal protozoal infections in the population of Great Britain : i. Civilians in Liverpool Royal Infirmary ; ii. Army Recruits. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. XII, pp. 349-359. '919- . . . . ... (5) The spread and incidence of intestinal protozoal infections m the population of Great Britain : iii. Children. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XII, pp. 361-369. 1919. (6) The intestinal protozoal infections among convalescent dysenteries examined at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (Third Report). Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XIII, pp. 83-90. 1919. (7) The spread and incidence of intestinal protozoal infections in the population of Great Britain : iv. Asylum Patients ; v. University and School cadets. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XIII, pp. 91-94. 1919. See also Carter (14-16), Smith (4, 5), and Yorke (29). Montgomery, R. E. [With A. KiNGHORN.] (i) A report on trypanosomiasis of domestic stock in North-Western Rhodesia. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. II, pp. 97-132. 1908. (2) On the nomenclature of the mammalian trypanosomes observed in North-Western Rhodesia. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. II, pp. 333-344. '909- (3) Gland puncture in the diagnosis of animal trypanosomiasis. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. II, pp. 387-389. 1909. See also Kinghorn (1-4). Moore, B. [With M. NiERENSTEiN and J. L. Todd.] (1) A note on the therapeutics of trypanosomiasis. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. I, p. 161. 1907. (2) Concerning the treatment of experimental trypanosomiasis. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. I, pp. 275-284. 1907. (3) Notes on the effects of therapeutic agents in respect to (a) acquired resistance of the parasites to the drug, and (b) changes in virulence of the strains after escape from the drug. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. II, pp. 221-226. 1908. (4) Concerning the treatment of experimental trypanosomiasis : Part II. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. II, pp. 265-288. 1909. See also Edie (i). Morris, H. M. The Hypopus of Carpoglyphus anonymus, Haller. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XIII, pp. 339-342. 1920. Myers, W. See Durham (2). Nauss, R. W. [With W. Yorke.] (i) Reducing action of trypanosomes on haemoglobin. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit.,Vo\.'V,Y>p. 199-214. 1911. (2) Some further observations on the tsetse-fly, described in these Annals as Glossina grossa, etc. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. V, p. 125. 191 1. See also Yorke (39). 86 Newstead, R. (i) On the external anatomy of Ornithodoros monbata (Murray). Liv. Sch. Trap. Med., Memoir XVII, pp. 21-26. 1905. (2) The Felted Beech Coccus {Cryptococcus fagi). Board of Agric, Leaflet No. 140, pp. 1-4. 1905. 'j) The Felted Beech Coccus. Jotirii. of Board of Agric, Vol. XI, pp. 755-761- 1905- (4) Some new facts concerning the economy of the crane-fly (Tiptda oJeracea) and its natural enemies. Gard. Chron. Jan. 21, 1905. (5) On another new Dermanyssid acarid parasitic in the lungs of the Rhesus monkey. Lir. Sch. Trap. Med., Memoir XVIII, pp. 47-50. 1906. (6) Additions to the wild fauna and flora of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Additional series V : Section Hemiptcra, pp. 1-6. 1906. (7) On the life-history of Stomoxys calcitrans. Journ. Econ. Biol., Vol. I, pp. 157-166. 1906. (8) Identification of Egyptian insect pests. Liv. Univ. Quart. Journ. Inst. Commercial Res. in Tropics, Vol. I, pp. 68-71. 1906. (9) Preliminary report on a collection of insects from the Khedival Agricultural Society Laboratories, Cairo, Egypt. Liv. Univ. Quart, jfourn. Inst. Commercial Res. in Tropics, Vol. I, p. 72. 1906. (10) The weevilling of maize in West Africa. Liv. Univ. Quart. Journ. Inst. Commercial Res. in Tropics, Vol. I, pp. 3-9. 1907. (ii) Preliminary report on the habits, life-cycle, and breeding places of the common house-fly {Musca domestica, Linn) as observed in the City of Liverpool, etc. City of Liverpool. Ordered by the Health Committee to be printed, 3 October, 1907. pp. 1-21. (12) On the habits, life-cycle, and breeding places of the common house- fly {Musca domestica, Linn). Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. I, pp. 3-16. 1908. (13) Hemiptera : Coccidae. IViss. Erg. der Schiredischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kiliman djaro, etc. Heraus. v. d. Konigl. Schwedischen Akad. der Wissenschaften. Vol. II, Pt. 12, pp. i-io. 1908. (14) The food of some British Birds. Suppl. tojourn. of Board of Agric, Vol. XV, pp. 1-87. 1908. (15) The brown scale of the gooseberry and currant. Journ. Board of Agric, Vol. XV, pp. 195-199. 1908. (16) On the Gum-Lac insect of Madagascar, etc. Liv. Univ. Quart. Journ. Inst. Commercial Res. in Tropics, Vol. Ill, pp. 3-13. 1908. (17) Scale insects and mealy bugs of Egypt. Liv. Univ. Quart. Journ. Inst. Commercial Res. in Tropics, Vol. Ill, p. 14. 1908. (18) On a collection of Coccidae and other insects affecting some cultivated and wild plants in Java and in Tropical Western Africa. Journ. Econ. Biol., Vol. Ill, pp. 32-42. 1908. (19) Department of Economic Zoology: Report on insects affecting coffee, rubber, etc. Liv. Univ. Quart. Journ. Inst. Commercial Res. in Tropics, Vol. I, pp. 18-23. 1908. (20) The structural characters of three species of Coccidae affecting cocoa, rubber, and other plants in Western Africa. Journ. Econ. Biol., Vol. II, pp. 149-157. 1908. (21) Additions to the wild fauna and flora of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. VIII : Hemiptera-Homopiera, Kew. Bull, of Miscell. Information, No. 3, pp. 122-125. 1908. (22) On a recently discovered section of the Roman Wall at Chester. Chester Arch. Soc. Journ., Vol. XVI, pp. 1-24. 1909. (23) On a Roman concrete foundation (Chester). Chester Arch. Soc. Journ., Vol. XVI, pp. 24-27. 1909. [Appendix to above.] (24) On a palaeolithic implement found in Chester. Chester Arch. Soc. Journ., Vol. XVI, pp. 27-29. 1909. [Appendix to above.] 87 Newstead, R .—continued. (25) Second interim report on the house-fly, as observed in the City of Liverpool, Oct., 1907 — Nov., 1908. City of Liverpool. Ordered by the Health Committee to be printed, June 24, 1909. pp. 1-6. (26) Reports of the Twenty-first Expedition of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Jamaica, 1908-1909. Section I : Medical and economic entomology, Part I : Ticks and other blood-sucking Arthropoda. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. Ill, pp. 421-469. 1909. (27) Some insect pests affecting cultivated plants in the West Indies. Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc, Vol. XXXVI, pp. 53-63. 1910. (28) Differential diagnosis of Stegomyia fasciata, with descriptions of two nearly alUed species. Bull. Ent. Res., Vol. I, pp. 240-248. 1910. (29) Tick and other blood-sucking Arthropoda of Jamaica. Bidl. Dept. of Agric., Jamaica. N.S., Vol. I, pp. 147-175. 1910. (30) On two new species of African Coccidae. Journ. of Econ. Biol., Vol. V, pp. 18-22. 1910. (31) On scale insects {Coccidae) from the Uganda Protectorate. Bull. Ent. Res., Vol. I, pp. 63-69. 1910. (32) Some further observations on the scale insects of the Uganda Protectorate. 5«//. £««. i?«., Vol. I, pp. 185-199. 1910. (33) A revision of the tsetse-flies {Glossina), based on a study of the male genital armature. Bull. Ent. Res., Vol. II, pp. 9-36. 1910. (34) On three new species of the genus Glossina, together with a descrip- tion of the hitherto unknown male of Glossina grossa. Bigot. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. IV, pp. 369-375. 1910. (35) The Papataci flies iPhlebotomus) of the Maltese Islands. Bull. Ent. Res., Vol. II, pp. 47-48. 191 1. (36) The Papataci flies {Phlebotomus) of the Maltese Islands. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. V, pp. 139-186. 191 1. (37) Observations on African scale insects [Coccidae). Bull. Ent. Res., Vol. II, pp. 85-104. 191 1. (38) On a new genus of Psyllidae from Nyasaland. Bull. Ent. Res., Vol. II, pp. 105-106. 191 1. (39) On the genital armature of the males of Glossina medicorum, Austen, and Glossina tabaniformus, Westwood. Bull. Ent. Res., Vol. II, pp.107-1 10. 1911. (40) On a collection of Coccidae and Aleurodidae, chiefly African, in the collection of the Berhn Zoological Museum. Mitt, aus dem Zool. Mus. in Berlin, Vol. V, Pt. 2, pp. 155-174. 191 1. (41) On a collection of African Coccidae, collected by Prof. Dr. L. Schultze in South and South-West Africa. Schultze Zool. und Anthropol. Erg. Kgl. Preuss. Akad. der Wiss. Berlin, Jena, pp. 15-23. 1912. (42) A new tsetse-fly from British East Africa. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 129-130. 1912. (43) On the characteristics of the newly-discovered tsetse-fly, Glossina austcni, Newstead ; with descriptions on the genital armature of Glossina Jusiplueris, Austen, and Glossina longipennis, Corti. Bull. Ent. Res., Vol. Ill, pp. 355-360. 1912. (44) Notes on Phlebotomus, with descriptions of new species. Bull. Ent. Res., Vol. Ill, pp. 361-367. 1912. (45) A new tsetse-fly from the Congo Free State ; and the occurrence of Glossina austeni in German East Africa. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VII, pp. 331-334. 1913. (46) Notes on scale insects {Coccidae) : Part I. Bull. Ent. Res., Vol. IV, pp. 67-81. 1913. (47) Notes on scale insects {Coccidae) : Part II. Bull. Ent. Res., Vol. IV, pp. 301-311. 1913. (48) Phlebotomus from West Africa. Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., Vol. VI, pp. 124-126. 1913. 88 Newstead, R. — continued. (49) Notes on Phlebotomus, with descriptions ot new species. Bull. Ent. Res., Vol. V, pp. 179-192. 1914. (50) Tiie Roman Cemetery in the Infirmary Field, Chester. Annals of Arch, and Anthrop., Vol. VI, pp. 121-167. 1914. (51) On the relationship between certain West African insects, especially Ants, Lycaenidae and Homoptera. VI : Homoptera {Psyllidae and Coccidae), collected in the Lagos District. Trans. Ent. Soc, London, I9i3,pp. 519-525. 1914. (52) On the genus Phlebotomus : Part III. Bull. Ent. Res., Vol. VII, pp. 191-192. 1916. (53) Observations on scale insects (Coccidae) : Part III. Bull. Ent. Res., Vol. VII, pp. 343-380. 1917. (54) Observations on scale insects (Coccidae) : Part IV. Bull. Ent. Res., Vol. VIII, pp. 1-34. 1917. (55) Observations on scale insects (Coccidae) : Part V. Bull. Ent. Res., Vol. VIII, pp. 125-134. 1917. (56) Polypneustic lobes in the larvae of tsetse-flies (Glossina) and forest- flies (H ippoboscidae). Ann. Troi>. Med. Parasii., Vol. XII, pp. 93-107. 1918. (57) Tsetse-flies and colonisation. In Animal Life and Human Progress, ed. by A. Dendy, pp. 207-219. 8°., London : Constable, 1919. (58) Observations on scale insects (Coccidae) : Part VI. Bull. Ent. Res., Vol. X, pp. 175-207. 1920. [With H. F. Carter.] (59) Descriptions of a new genus and three new species of Anopheline mosquitoes. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. IV, pp. 377-383. 1910. (60) On a new genus of Culicinae from the Amazon region. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. IV, pp. 553-556. 191 1. (61) On some new species of African mosquitoes (Culicidae). Ann, Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. V, pp. 233-244. 191 1. [With T. A. Coward.] (62) On the occurrence of Schlegel's Petrel (Oestrelata neglecta) in Cheshire. A new British and European Bird. British Birds, Vol. II, pp. 14-17. 1908. [With B. F. CuMMiNGS.] (63) On a remarkable gall-producing Psyllid from Syria. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 8, Vol. XI, pp. 306-309. 1913. [With J. B. Davey.] (64) Royal Society's Commission on Trypanosomiasis in Nyasaland, British Central Africa. First Preliminary Report on the Bionomics of Glossina morsitans. Reports, S.S. Commission oj the Royal Society, No. XV, pp. 142-157- 1914- [With J. E. DuTTON and J. L. Todd.] (65) Insects and other Arthropoda collected in the Congo Free State. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. I, pp. 1-112. 1907. [With H. M. DuvALL.] (66) Royal Society Grain Pests (War) Committee. Memorandum on Acarids (Mites) occurring in stored grain and flour, pp. 1-3. 1917. (67) Royal Society Grain Pests (War) Committee. Second Memoran- dum (No. 4) on Acarids (Mites) occurring in stored grain and flour, pp. i-i I. 1917. (68) RoyalSocietyReportsof the Grain Pests (War) Committee. No. 2 : Bionomic, morphological, and economic report on the Acarids of stored grain and flour, pp. 1-48. 1918. [With H. W. Thomas.] (69) Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. Four illustrated Post Cards. Mosquito Propaganda. North Brazilian Division. May, 1910. (70) Mosquitoes of the Amazon Region. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. IV, pp. 141-150. 1910. 89 Newstead, R.— continued. [With J. L. Todd.] (71) Oa a new dermanyssid acarld found living in the lungs of monkeys from the Upper Congo. Liv. Sch. Trap. Med., Memoir XVIII, pp. 4I-44. 1906. [With F. C. WiLLCocKS.] (72) Characters and general morphology of the Lebbek scale. Bull. Ent. Rei. Vol. I, pp. 138-140. 1910. See also Christophers (i) and Stephens (41, 42). Nierenstein, M. (i)The treatment of trypanosomiasis. Lancet. July 27, 1907. (2) Observations on the acidity and alkalinity of the blood in trypanosome infections. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. II, pp. 227-231. 1908. (3) Comparative chemo-therapeutical study of atoxyl and trypanocides : Part I. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. II, pp. 249-255. 1908. (4) Comparative chemo-therapeutical study of atoxyl and trypanocides : Part II. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. II, pp. 323-327. 1909. (5) Chemical notes on atoxyl. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit, Vol. II, PP- 329-330- 1909- See also Breinl (13, 15) and Moore (1-4). O'FarreU, W. R. See Blacklock (17) and Stephens {71-73). Porter, A. See Fantham (14-20), Prout, W. T. (i) Reports of the Twenty-first Expedition of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Jamaica, 1908-1909. Section II: Malaria, Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. Ill, pp. 471-552. 1909. Radcliffe, P. A. H. (i) Supplementary notes on some animals under treatment (Trypano- somiasis). Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir XYl, -p. 6$. 1905. Ross, E. H. (i) On the habits of the marine mosquito {Acartomyia zammitii, Theobald). Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Miscellanea, pp. 1-3. 1905, Ross, Ronald. (i) The possibiUty of extirpating malaria from certain localities by a new method. Brit. Med. Journ. July i, 1899. (2) An outbreak of fever attributed to mosquitoes. Brit. Med. Journ. July 22, 1899. (3) Life-history of the parasites of malaria. Nature, Vol, LX, pp. 322- 324. 1899. .... (4) Beri-beri and chronic arsenical poisomng. Lancet, Vol. II, p. 1677, 1900. (5) Some suggestions for the improvement of sanitary and medical practice in the Tropics. Journ. Trop. Med. & Hyg., Vol. IV, pp. 45-46. 1901. (6) First progress report of the campaign against mosquitoes in Sierra Leone. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir V, Part I, pp. 1-22. 1901. (7) Mosquito brigades and how to organise them. 8°., London, 1902. (8) Some more instances of the presence of arsenic in the hair of early cases of beri-beri. Brit. Med. Journ., Vol. ii, p. 837. 1902. (9) Malarial fever : its cause, prevention, and treatment. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir I, [ist Ed., Jan., 1910.] loth Impression, June, 1902. 90 Ross, Ronald — continued. (10) The thick-film process for the detection of organisms in the blood. Thompson Tales Lab. Reports, Vol. V, Pt. i, pp. 1 17-118. 1903. (11) A new parasite of man. Thompson Tates Lab. Reports, Vol. V, Pt. 2, pp. 79-82. 1903. (12) Photographs illustrating the parasites of malaria in a stained dehaemoglobinised thick-film preparation. Journ. Trop. Med. & Hyg., Vol. VI, p. 37. 1903. (13) An improved method for the microscopical diagnosis of intermittent fever. Lancet. Jan. 10, 1903. (14) Report on m.ilaria at Ism.".ilia and Suez. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir IX, pp. 1-24. 1903. (15) The battle for health in the Tropics. Journ. Trop. Med. & Hyg., Vol. VII, pp. 187-188. 1904. (16) The anti-malaria experiment at Mian Mir. Brit. Med. Journ. Sept. 17, 1904. (17) Researches on malaria : being the Nobel Medical Prize Lecture for 1902. la. 8°., Stockholm, 1904 la. 8°., London, 1905 trans, into Italian by Francesco Moriocco. 8°., Torino, 1905 trans, into German by Dr. Schilling. 8°., Jena, 1905 (18) An address on the logical basis of the sanitary policy of mosquito- reduction. Brit. Med. Journ. May 13, 1905. (19) Note on a flagellate parasite found in Cule.x fatigans. Journ. oj Hyg., Vol. VI, pp. 96-97. 1906. (20) Notes on the parasites of mosquitoes foimd in India between 1895 and 1899. Journ. of Hyg., Vol. VI, pp. 101-108. 1906. (21) Malaria in Greece. Journ. Trop. Med. & Hyg., Vol. IX, p. 341. 1906. (22) Malaria in Greece. Lancet. Nov. 17, 1906. (23) Report on the Prevention of Malaria in Mauritius, la. 8°., London, 1908. (24) The best anti-malarial organization for the Tropics. Malaria, Vol. I, p. 89. 1909. (25) The Prevention of Malaria. 8°., London : Murray, 1910. (26) Some enumerative studies on malaria, blackwater fever, and sleeping sickness. Trans. Soc. Trop. Med. & Hyg., Vol. IV, pp. 137-152. 19H. (27) Malaria in Cyprus and Greece. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., Vol. VII (Sect, of Epidemiology & State Med.), pp. 107- 1 15. 1914. (28) The Huxley Lecture on Recent Advances in Science and their Bearing on Medicine and Surgery. Malaria and the Transmission of . Diseases. Lancet. Nov. 7, 1914. [With H. E. Annett and E. E. Austen.] (29) Report of the Malaria Expedition of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Medical Parasitology ; with supplementary reports by G. M. Giles and R. Fielding-Ould. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir II, pp. 1-47. 1902. [With RUBERT BoYCE.] (30) Note on the discovery of Trypanosoma gamhiense. Thompson Yates Lab. Reports, Vol. V, Pt. 2, p. 85. 1903. [With S. R. Christophers and E. L. Perry.] (31) The spleen rate in London school children. Ind. Journ. Med. Res., Vol. I, pp. 385-387- I9H- [With E. S. Edie.] (32) Some experiments on larvicides. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. V, PP- 385-390- 191 1- [With R. Fielding-Ould.] (33) Diagrams illustrating the life-history of the parasites of malaria. Thompson Tates Lab. Reports, Vol. Ill, Pt. 2, pp. 183-188. 1901. 91 Ross, Ronald — continued. [With E. S. Reynolds.] (34) On a case of berl-berl possibly due to arsenic poisoning, Brit. Med. JoiirH., Vol. ii, p. 979. 1901. (With W. Stott.] (35) Tables of statistical error. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. V, PP- 347-369- 1911- [With D. Thomson.] (36) A case of sleeping sickness studied by precise enumerative methods : regular periodical increase of the parasites disclosed. Proc. Roy. Soc, B, Vol. LXXXII, pp. 411-415. 1910. Also in Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. IV, pp. 261-265. 1910. (37) Some enumerative studies on malarial fever. Proc. Roy. Soc, B, Vol. LXXXIII, pp. 159-173. 1910. Also in Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. IV, pp. 267-312. 1910. (38) A case of sleeping sickness studied by precise enumerative methods: further observations. Proc. Roy. Soc, B, Vol. LXXXIII. pp. 187-205. 1910. Also in Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. IV, pp. 395-415. 1911. (39) Pseudo-relapses in cases of malarial fever during continuous quinine treatment. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. V, pp. 409-411. 191 1. (40) A case of malarial fever, showing a true parasitic relapse, during vigorous and continuous quinine treatment. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. V, pp. 539-543- 1912- [With D. Thomson and G. C. E. Simpson.] (41) A case of blackwater fever followed by a peculiar relapse without haemoglobinuria or detectable plasmodia. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. IV, pp. 307-312. 1910. [With J. G. Thomson.] (42) Experiments on the treatment of animals Infected with trypanosomes by means of atoxyl, cold, X-ray's, and leucocytic extract ; enumerative methods employed. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. IV, pp. 487-527. 1911. [With C. L. Williams.] (43) Preliminary experiments on the effect of cold on various diseases In small animals. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. IV, pp. 225-232. 1910. Salvin-Moore, J. E. [With A. Breinl.] (i) The cytology of the trypanosomes. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. I, pp. 439-480. 1907. (2) Note on the life-cycle of the parasite of sleeping sickness. Lancet. ' May 4, 1907. (3) The life-history of Trypanosoma equiperdum. Proc. Roy. Soc, Ser. B, Vol. LXXX, pp. 288-298. 190S. [With A. Breinl and E. Hindle.] (4) The life-history of Trypanosoma lewisi. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. II, pp. 197-220. 1908. Seldelin, H. (i) Treatment of yellow fever cases. Tellow Fever Bur. Bull., Vol. I, PP- 55-75- i?ii- (2) Some diflerentlal leucocyte counts In yellow fever cases. Tellow Fever Bur. Bull., Vol. I, pp. 109-126. 1911. (3) The diagnosis of yellow fever cases. Tellow Fever Bur. Bull., Vol. I, pp. 134-160. 1911. (4) The post-mortem diagnosis of yellow fever. Tellow Fever Bur. Bull., Vol. I, pp. 173-192. 191 1. (5) The etiology of yellow fever. Tellow F*ver Bur. Bull., Vol. I, pp. 229-258. 191 1. 92 Seidelin, H. — continued, (6) Notes on some blood parasites in reptiles. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. V, pp. 371-384. 191 1. (7) Yellow Fever Prophylaxis. Tellozu Fever Bu?. Bull., Vol. I, pp. 340- 357. 1912. (8) Notes on some blood parasites in man and mammals. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. V, pp. 501-508. 1912. (9) A note on the nomenclature of S.fasciata. Tellozv Fever Bur. Bull., Vol. I, pp. 365-366. 1912. (10) Pappataci Fever. Tellow Fever Bur. Bull., Vol. II, pp. 74-84. 1912. (11) Leishmaniasis and babesiasls in Yucatan. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 295-300. 1 91 2. (12) Report of Yellow Fever Expedition to Yucatan in 191 1-12. Tellow Fever Bur. Bull., Vol. II, pp. 123-242. 1912. (13) Suir etiologia dcUa febbre gialla. Malaria e Malatt. d. Paesi Caldi, Vol. Ill, pp. 245-246. 1912. (14) The nature and control of yellow fever. Tellow Fever Bur. Bull., Vol. II, pp. 255-271. 1913. (15) Dengue — A summary. Tellow Fever Bur. Bull., Vol. II, pp. 235- 358- 1913- (16) On 'Vomiting Sickness' in Jamaica. Tellow Fever Bur. Bull., Vol. Ill, pp. 7-108. 1913. Also in Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. VII, PP- 377-478- 1913- (17) On the existence of 'pseudo-carriers' of the infection in yellow fever. Tellow Fever Bur. Bull., Vol. Ill, pp. 198-202. 1914. (18) Transmission of P. fiavigenum from man to guinea-pig and from guinea-pig to man. Tellow Fever Bur. Bull., Vol. Ill, pp. 203-208. 1914. (19) An apparatus for fumigation with cresyl. Tellow Fever Bur. Bull., Vol. Ill, pp. 209-213. 1914. (20) Klossiella sp. in the kidney of a guinea-pig. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. VIII, pp. 553-564. 1914. (21) Experiments with salvarsan-copper in trypanosomiasis. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. IX, pp. 197-200. 1915. (22) Notes on the pathology of yellow fever in guinea-pigs. Journ. Path. & Bact., Vol. XIX, pp. 317-320. 1915. (23) Division forms of parasites in the organs of guinea-pigs infected with Paraplasmaflavigenum. Journ. Path. & Bact., Vol. XIX, pp. 338-340. 1915- (24) Intracorpuscular bodies in guinea-pigs' blood and yellow fever. Journ. Trop. Med. & Hyg., Vol. XVIII, pp. 38-40. 1915. (25) The histology of the liver in yellow fever. Tellow Fever Bur. Bull, Vol. Ill, pp. 269-298. 191 5. (26) Some notes on haematological technique. Tellow Fever Bur. Bull., Vol. Ill, pp. 299-309. 1915. (27) Summary report of investigations carried out under the Commission, Aug., 191 •? — Jan-5 1914- Tellozv Fever Bur. Bull., Suppl. II : Tellow Fever Commission. Investigators' Reports, Vol. II, pp. 421-.126. 1915. (28) Experimental yellow fever in laborator) anima's. Tellow Fcvei Bur. Bull., Suppl. II : Tellozv Fever Commission, Investigators' Reports, Vol. II, pp. 427-478. 191 5. (29) Further report on experimental transmission of Paraplasma pavi- genum. Tellozv Fever Bur. Bull., Suppl. II : Tellow Fever Commission, Investigators' Reports, Vol. II, pp. 483-500. 191 5. (30) Report on some histological lesions observed in laboratory animals infected with yellow fever. Tellow Fever Bur. Bull., Suppl. II : Tellow Fever Commission, Investigators' Reports, Vol. II, pp. 501-526. 1915. 93 Seidelin, H. — continued. [With A. CONNAL.] (31) A note on the occurrence of a Plasmodium in the blood of West African monkeys. Anti. Trap. Med. Patasit., Vol. VIII, pp. 81-82. 1914- (32) Experimental yellow fever in laboratory animals. Tellow Fever Bur. Bull., Suppl. II : Tellow Fever Commission Reports, Vol. II, pp. 427- 478. 1915. [With S. SUMMERS-CONNAL.] (33) A simple technique for the dissection and staining of mosquitoes. Yellow Fever Bur. Bull., Vol. Ill, pp. 193-197. 1914. (34) Notes upon the biology of Stegomyia fasciata. Tellozo Fever Bur. Bull., Vol. Ill, pp. 187-192. 1914. Simpson, G. C. E. (i) On haemoglobin metabolism in malarial fever. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. IV, pp. 313-323. 1910. (2) On the quantitative estimation of urobilin in the excreta, and its value as a measure of haemoglobin metabolism. Bio-Chem. Journ., Vol. V, pp. 378-389- .191?- (3) A contribution to the discussion on ' The importance of minimal substances in diet.' Lancet. Aug. 17, 1912. (4) On the haemolysis in malarial fever : preliminary note. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 231-233. 1912. [With E. S. Edie.] (5) On the relation of the organic phosphorus content of various diets to diseases of nutrition, particularly beri-beri. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. V, pp. 313-345. 191 1. (6) On the influence of preparation on various foodstuffs, particularly rice and wheat, and its connection with disease. Brit. Med. Jourr. June 17, igii. (7) On haemoglobin metabolism in malarial fever, Part II : The influence of quinine. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 443-448. 1912. See also Edie (i), Ross (31, 40), and Thomson, D. (lo). Sinton, J. A. (i) Some observations on the morphology and biology of Prorcazekia urinaria {Bodo urinarius, Hassall). Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 245-268. 1912. (2) Some attempts • . the cultivation of the malarial parasite by Bass's method. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 371-373. 1912. (3) Urriola's test for malarial infection. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 375-377. 1912. See also Thomson, J. G. (5). Smith, A. M. (i) Measurements of and observations upon the cysts of Entamoeba histolytica and of Entamoeba coli. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XII, pp. 27-69. 1918. (2) A contribution to the question of the number of races in the species Entamoeba histolytica. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XIII, pp. 1-16. 1919. (3) Cases of acute amoebic dysentery in asylum patients never out of England. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XIII, pp. 177-185. 1919. [With J. R. Matthews.] (4) The intestinal protozoa of non-dysenteric cases. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. X, pp. 361-390. 1917. (5) Further records of the occurrence of intestinal protozoa in non- dysenteric cases. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XI, pp. 183-193. 1917. See also Carter (14-16), Matthews (4-7), and Yorke (29). 94 Stannus, H. S. [With W. YoRKE.] (i) A case of human trypanosomiasis in Nyasaland, with a note on the pathogenic agent. Proc. Roy. Soc, B, Vol. LXXXIV. 191 1. Also in Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. V, pp. 443-452. 191 1. Stephens, J. W. W. (i) Note on the staining of bacterial flagella with silver. Thompson Tales and Johnston Lab. Report, Vol. V, Pt. i, pp. 121-122. 1903. (2) Blackwater Fever. Thompson Tales and Johnston Lab. Reports, Vol. V, Pt. I, pp. 193-218. 1903. (3) On non-flagellate typhoid bacilli. Lancet. July 2, 1904. (4) A new haemogregarine in an African toad. Thompson Tales Lab. Reports, Vol. VI, Pt. i, pp. 115-117. 1905. (5) Two cases of intestinal myiasis. Thompson Tales and Johnston Lab. Reports, Vol. VI, Pt. i, pp. 119-121. 1905. (6) Note on the pathology of tropical ' swellings.' Thompson Tales Lab. Reports, Vol. VI, Pt. i, pp. 123-124. 1905. (7) Non-flagellate typhoid bacilli. Thompson Tales Lab. Reports, Vol. VI, Pt. I, pp. 125-126. 1905. (8) Note on the anatomy of Gastrodiscus hominis (Lewis and McConnell, 1876). Thompson Tales and Johnston Lab. Reports, Vol. VII, pp. 9-12. 1906. (9) A note on the structure of Spirochaela dultoni. Lancet. Aug. 18, 1906. (10) Two new human cestodes and a new linguatulid. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. I, pp. 549-556. 1908. (11) Fevers in the Tropics. Med. Chronicle. Nov., 1908. (12) A new human nematode, Strongylus gibsoni, n.sp. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. II, pp. 315-316. 1909. (13) On the supposed occurrence of Filaria immitis in man. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. II, pp. 317-319. 1909. (14) Observations on the booklets of Cysticcrcus cellulosae in man. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. II, pp. 391-395. 1909. (15) The anti-malarial operations at Ismailia. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. V, pp. 215-231. 19H. (16) Methods for detecting sporozoites and zygotes in mosquitoes infected with malaria. Bull. Ent. Res., Vol. II, pp. 1-8. 191 1. (17) Discussion on yellow fever on the West Coast of Atrica. I'clloiv Fever Bur. Bull., Vol.1, pp. 267-273. 191 1. (18) Dcsmogonius desmogoniiis, a new species and genus of monostome flukes. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit. ,Wo\.'W,^p^. .^()j-c,oo. 191 1. (19) Paropisthorchis caninus, the liver fluke of the Indian pariah dog. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 1 17-128. 1912. (20) Studies in blackwater fever. I : Statistical. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VII, pp. 479-507. 1913. (21) A new malaria parasite of man. Proc. Roy. Soc, B., Vol. LXXXVII, pp. 37S-377- 1914- Also in Anfi. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VIII, pp. 1 19- 128. 1914. (22) Sleeping Sickness Committee. Minutes of evidence taken by the Departmental Committee on Sleeping Sickness. H.M. Stationery Office, p. 263. 1914. (23) Studies in blackwater fever. II : A schedule for recording cases of blackwater fever. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VIII, pp. 639-640. 1914. (24) On the peculiar morphological appearance of a malarial parasite. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. IX, pp. 169-172. 1915. 95 Stephens, J. W. }fl .—continued. (25) Studies in blackwater fever. IV: Note on a case of quartan malaria associated with blackwater fever. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. IX, pp. 429-433. 1915. (26) Studies in blackwater fever. V : The duration of haemoglobinuria. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. IX, pp. 539-542. 1915. (27) Studies in blackwater fever. VI : On the importance of furnishing population statistics in connection with cases of blackwater fever. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. X, pp. 345-356. 1916. [With B. Blacklock.] (28) On the non-identity of Trypanosoma brucei (Plummer and Bradford, 1899) with the trypanosoma of the same name from the Uganda ox. Proc. Roy. Sac, B., Vol. LXXXVI, pp. 187-191. 1913. Also in Ann. Irop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VII, pp. 303-308. 1913. [With R. BoYCE.] (29) A parasitic disease in the haddock. Thompson Tates and Johnston Lab. Reports, Vol. V, Pt. 2, pp. 105-107. 1903. [With S. R. Christophers.] (30) Note on the changes in the red cell produced by the malignant tertian parasite. Brit. Med. Journ. March 28, 1903. (31) Summary of researches on native malaria and malarial prophylaxis ; on blackwater fever : its nature and prophylaxis. Thompson Tates and Johnston Lab. Reports, Vol. V, Pt. i, pp. 221-233. 1903. (32) The Practical Study of Malaria and other Blood Parasites. 8°., Liverpool : University Press, 1903. 2nd ed., 1904. 3rd ed., 1908. (33) Etude Pratique du Paludisme et des Parasites du Sang ; traduite de 1' Anglais par Edmond Sergent et Etienne Sergent. 8°., Paris : Doin, 1906. [With Emrys-Roberts.] (34) Banana debris in faeces simulating tape-worm segments. Journ. Path. & Baa., Vol. XIX, p. 486. 1915. [With H. B. Fantham.] (35) On the peculiar morphology of a trypanosome from a case of sleeping sickness and the possibility of its being a new species (T. rhodesiense). Proc. Roy. Soc, Vol. LXXXIII, pp. 28-36. 1910. Also in Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. IV, pp. 343-350. 1910. (36) The measurement of T. rhodesiense. Proc. Roy. Soc, Vol. LXXXV, pp. 223-234. 1912. Also in Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 131- 142. 1912. (37) Trypanosoma rhodesiense. Journ. Path. & Bad., Vol. XVI, p. 407. 1912. (38) Trypanosoma rhodesiense. Brit. Med. Journ. Nov. 2, 1912. (39) Further measurements of Trypanosoma rhodesiense and T. gambiense. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VII, pp. 27-39. 1913. [With D. L. MACKINNON.] (40) A preliminary statement on the treatment of Entamoeba histolytica infections by ' Alcresta ipecac' Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. X, pp. 397- 410. 1917. [With R. Newstead.] (41) The anatomy of the proboscis of biting flies. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir XVIII, pp. 51-74. 1906. (42) The anatomy of the proboscis of biting flies Part II : Stomoxys. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. I, pp. 169-198. 1907. [With W. Stott.] (43) Studies in blackwater fever. Ill : The relationship of quinine to blackwater fever. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. IX, pp. 201-212. 1915. 96 Stephens, J. W. W.— continued. [With W. YoRKE, B. Blacklock, J. W. S. Macfie, and C. F. Cooper.] Studies in the Treatment of Malaria : — (44) I : Intravenous injections of tartar emetic. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. XI, pp. 91-111. 1917. (45) II : Intramuscular injections of quinine bihydrochloride in simple tertian malaria. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit.., Vol. XI, pp. 1 13-126. 1917- (46) III : Intravenous injections of quinine bihydrochloride. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. XI, pp. 149-164. 1917- (47) IV : Intramuscular injections of amylopsin and trypsin in simple tertian malaria. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. XI, pp. 165-171. 1917. [With W. YoRKE, B. Blacklock, J. W. S. Macfie, C. F. Cooper, and H. F. Carter.] (48) V : Intramuscular injections of quinine alkaloid in simple tertian malaria. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. XI, pp. 173-182. 1917. (49) VI : Oral administration of quinine, for two consecutive days only, in simple tertian malaria. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. XI, pp. 283-307. 1918. (50) VII : Oral administration of quinine sulphate, daily over prolonged periods, in simple tertian malaria. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. XI, PP- 309-330- 1918. (51) VIII : Oral administration of quinine sulphate, for two consecutive days weekly, over prolonged periods, in simple tertian malaria. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XI, pp. 331-358. 1918. (52) IX : A comparison of the results of interrupted and continuous quinine administration. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XI, pp. 359-363. 1918. (53) X : Oral administration of quinine sulphate grains 120, on two consecutive days only, in simple tertian malaria. Ann. Trop. Aled. Parasit., Vol. XI, pp. 417-419. 1918. (54) XI : Oral administration of quinine sulphate grains 90, on two consecutive days weekly, over a period of three weeks, in simple tertian malaria. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XI, pp. 421-423. 1918. (55) XII : At what time after cessation of quinine treatment do relapses occur in simple tertian malaria ? Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XI, pp. 425-441. 1918. (56) XIII : Oral administration of quinine sulphate grains 90, on two consecutive days only, in simple tertian malaria (second series). Ann. Trop Med. Parasit., Vol. XII, pp. 71-77. 1918. (57) XIV : Quinine bihydrochloride grains 30 intramuscularly, and quinine hydrochloride grains 30 orally, daily for 12 days, in simple tertian malaria. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XII, pp. 197-200. 1918. (58) XV : A factor hitherto overlooked in the estimation of the curative value of treatments of malaria. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XII, pp. 201-210. 1918. (59) XVI : Intravenous injections of novarsenobillon in simple tertian malaria. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. 'K\\,^'p. zii-zi6. 1918. (60) XVII : Oral administration of quinotoxin, for two consecutive days only, in simple tertian malaria. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol XII, pp. 217-222. 1918. (61) XVIII : A comparison of the value of continuous and interrupted quinine administration in simple tertian malaria (second communication). Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XII, pp. 303-338. 1919. (62) XIX : Intravenous injections of disodoluargol in simple tertian malaria. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XII, pp. 339-343. 1919- (63) XX : Intramuscular injections of collosol manganese in simple tertian malaria. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XII, pp. 345-347. 1919. 97 Stephens, J. W. Vi .—continued . [With W. YoRKE, B. Blacklock, J. W. S. Mackie, C. F. Cooper, and H. F. Carter.] — continued. Studies in the Treatment of Malaria : — (64) XXI : Arsenic in simple tertian malaria. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. XII, pp. 371-402. 1919- (65) XXII : Intramuscular injections of quinine bihydrochloride grains 15, on each of two consecutive days only, in malignant tertian malaria. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit.., Vol. XIII, pp. 63-67. 1919. (66) XXIII : Oral administration of quinine sulphate grains 30, on each of two consecutive days weekly, over a period of five weeks, in malignant tertian malaria. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. XIII, pp. 69-72. 1919. (67) XXIV : The disappearance of crescents under quinine treatment. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. XIII, pp. 73-74. 1919. (68) XXV : Arsenic in malignant tertian malaria. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. XIII, pp. 75-81. 1919- [With W. YoRKE, B. Blacklock, and J. W. S. Macfie.] (69) XXVI : The action of arsenic and of quinine on quartan malaria. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. XIII, pp. 97-99. 1919- (70) XXVII : Intravenous injections of novarsenobillon and intra- muscular injections of quinine bihydrochloride in simple tertian malaria. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. XIII, pp. 101-108. 1919- [With W. YoRKE, B. Blacklock, J. W. S. Macfie, and W. R. O'Farrell.] (71) XXVIII : Quitenine hydrochloride in simple tertian malaria. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XIII, pp. 1 17-1 18. 1919. (72) XXIX : Oral administration of Liquor arsenicalis minims 30, daily for 16 days, with quinine bihydrochloride grains 15 intramuscularly, on the first and second, eighth and ninth, fifteenth and sixteenth days, in simple tertian malaria. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XIII, pp. 1 19-124. (73) XXX : At what time after cessation of quinine treatment do relapses occur in simple tertian malaria .'' (second communication). Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. XIII, pp. 125-131. 1919. See also Christophers (2). Stott, W. See Ross (34) and Stephens (43). Taylor, M. (i) Second progress Report of the campaign against mosquitoes in Sierra Leone. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir V, Part II, pp. 1-13. 1902. (2) Report on the sanitary conditions of Cape Coast Town. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir VIII, pp. 1-19. 1902. Thomas, H.W. (i) The experimental treatment of trypanosomiasis in animals. Ptoc. Roy. Soc, Ser. B, Vol. LXXVI, pp. 589-591. 1905. (2) The sanitary conditions and diseases prevailing in Manaos, North Brazil, 1905-1909. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. IV, pp. 1-55. 1910. (3) The pathological report of a case of oesophagostomiasis in man. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. IV, pp. 57-88. 1910. (4) ' Mossy ' foot of the Amazon region, an infective verrucotic condition affecting the skin of the upper and lower limbs. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. IV, pp. 95-104. 1910. (5) Yellow Fever. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. IV, pp. 119-139. 1910. [With A. Breinl.] (6) Report on trypanosomes, trypanosomiasis, and sleeping sickness. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir XVI, pp. 1-64 and 66-94. ^9°5- [With S. F. Linton.] (7) A comparison of the animal reactions of the trypanosomes of Uganda and Congo Free State Sleeping Sickness with those of Trypanosoma gam- hiense, Dutton. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med., Memoir XIII, pp. 75-86. 1904. See also Newstead (69, 70). G 98 Thomson, D. (i) A research into the production, life, and death of crescents in malignant tertian malaria, in treated and untreated cases, by an enumerative method. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasii., Vol. V, pp. 57-81. 191 1. (2) The leucocytes in malarial fever : a method of diagnosing malaria long after it is apparently cured. Ann. Trap. Med. Parasit., Vol. V, pp. 83- 102. 1911. (3) A new blood-counting pipette, for estimating the numbers of leuco- cytes and blood parasites per cubic millimetre. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. V, pp. 471-478. 191 1. (4) Further observations on the variation in the number of leucocytes and crescents in malaria. Ann. Trop. Med. Parai/i., Vol. VI,pp. 215-221. 1912. (5) The destruction of crescents : conclusions regarding the prevention of malaria by the administration of quinine. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 223-230. 1912. (6) Sanitation of the Panama Canal Zone, Trinidad, and British Guiana. Trans. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., Vol. VI, pp. 183-209. 1913. Also in Ann. T^op. Med. Parasit., Vol. VII, pp. 125-152. 1913. (7) Preliminary note on leprosy and the bed-bug. Brit. Med. Journ. Oct. 4,1913. (8) Attempts to find disease germs in the European bed-bug [Cimex lectularius) after feeding experiments in various diseases : leprosy, lymphade- noma, carcinoma, etc. Ann. Tiop. Med. Parasit. ,Vo\.WlYl.,'p-p. 19-28. 1914. (9) The origin and development of gametes (crescents) in malignant tertian malaria : some observations on flagellation, etc. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VIII, pp. 85-104. 1914. [With G. C. E. Simpson.] (10) Treatment of beri-beri. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, PP- 53-54- 1912. See also Ross (38-41) and Thomson, J. G. (6, 7). Thomson, J. G. (i) Enumerative studies on T. brucei in rats and guinea-pigs, and a comparison with T. rhodesiense and T, gambiense. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. V, pp. 531-536. 1911. (2) The cultivation of Trypanosoma rhodesiense ; preliminary note. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 103-106. 1912. [With H. B. Fantham.] (3) The culture of Babesia {Piroplasma) canis in vitro. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VII, pp. 621-632. 1913. [With S. W. McLellan.] (4) The cultivation of one generation of malarial parasites {Plasmodium falciparum) in vitro, by Bass's method. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 449-462. 1912. (5) The morphology of Trypanosoma oamliense and Trypanosoma rhodesiense in cultures : and a comnarison with the developmental forms described in Clossina palpalis. Ann. Tiop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VI, pp. 331- 356. 1912. [With D. Thomson.] (6) The cultivation of one generation of benign tertian malarial parasites {Plasmodium vivax) in vitro, by Bass's method. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VII, pp. 153-164. 1913. (7) The growth and sporulation of the benign and malignant tertian malarial parasites in the culture tube and in hum.nn host. Proc. Roy. Soc., B, Vol. LXXXVII, pp. 77-87. 1913. Also in Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit., Vol. VII, pp. 509-524. 1913. See also Fantham (21). Tobey, E. N. (i) The leading School ol Tropical Medicine. Popular Science Monthly. April, 1910. See also Dutton (16-20). 99 Todd, J. L. (i) A means of checking the spread of 'sleeping sickness.' Lancet. June 7, 1906. (2) The treatment of human trypanosonuasis by atoxyl. Brit. Med, jfouin. June, 1906. (3) Concerning the sex and age of Africans suffering from trypano- somiasis. .4««. Tro/>. A/f^. P(arrhouse, John Howard 910 White. Maurice Forbes 911 Blacklock, Breadalbane 911 Brown, Frederick Forrest 911 Chand, Diwan Jai 911 Holmes, John Morgan 911 levers, Charles Langley 911 lies, Charles Cochrane 911 Ingram, Alexander 911 Kirkwood, Thomas 911 Knowles, Benjamin 911 Liddle, George Marcus Berkeley 911 Lomas, Emanuel Kenworthy 911 Mackarell, William Wright 911 MacKnight, Dundas Simpson 911 Mascarenhas, Joseph Victor 911 Murray, Ronald Roderick 911 Oluwole, Akidiya Ladapo 911 Rao, Koka Ahobala 911 Sinton, John Alexander 911 Tarapurvalla, Byramji Shavakshah 911 Taylor, John Archibald 911 Woods, WiUiam Medlicott 912 Aeria, Joseph Reginald 912 Anderson, Edmund Litchfield 912 Borle, James 912 Bowie, John Tait 912 Brassey, Laurence Percival 912 Christie, David 912 Dillon, Henry de Courcy 912 Dunn, Lillie Eleanor gi2 Hardwicke, Charles 912 Jagose, Jamshed Rustomji 912 Kochhar, Mela Ram 912 McGusty, Victor William Tighe 912 Milne, Arthur James 912 Mitra, Manmatha Nath 912 Myles, Charles Duncan 912 Pelly, Huntly Nevins 912 Prasad, Bindeshwarl 912 Prentice, George 912 Ross, Frank 912 Russell, Alexander James Hutchison 912 Ruthven, Morton Wood I03 Date '/ DaU Diploma Diplo 1912 Sandilands, John 1914 1912 Seddon, Harold 1914 1912 Smalley, James 1914 1912 Strickland, Percy Charles Hutchison 1914 1912 Watson, William Russel 1914 1914 •913 Austin, Charles Miller 19U 1913 Banker, Shiavux Sorabji 1913 Becker, Johann Gerhardus 1915 1913 Carrasco, Milton 191S 1913 Clark, James McKillican 1915 1913 Forsyth, Charles 1915 1913 Grahame, Malcom Claude Russell 191S 1913 Grieve, Kelburne King 1913 Hargreaves, Alfred Ridley 1916 1913 Hepper, Evelyn Charles 1916 1913 Hiranand, Pandit 1916 1913 Jackson, Oswald Egbert 1916 1913 Khaw, Ignatius Oo Kek 1916 1913 MacKelvie, Maxwell 1916 1913 MacKinnon, John MacPhail 1916 1913 Macmillan, Robert James Alan 1913 Mouat-Biggs, Charles Edward 1917 Forbes 1917 1913 Noronha, John Carmel 1917 1913 O'Connor, Edward 1913 Olubomi-Beckley, Emanuel 1918 1913 Pestonji, Ardeshir Behramshah 1913 Puttanna, Dodballapur Sivappa 1919 1913 Reford, John Hope 1919 1913 Smith, Edward Arthur 1919 1913 Stewart, Samuel Dudley 1919 1913 Walker, Frederick Dearden 1919 1913 Wilbe, Ernest Edward 1919 1913 Wilson, Hubert Francis 1919 i9>3 Yin, Ulg Ba 1919 191 3 Young, William Alexander 1919 1914 Arculli, Hassan el 1919 1919 1914 Chohan, Noormahoraed Kasembha 1919 1914 Connell, Harry Betram 1919 1914 Gerrard, Herbert Shaw 1919 1914 Gimi, Hirji Dorabji 1919 1914 Gwynne, Joseph Robert 1919 1914 Hodkinson, Samuel Paterson 1914 Jackson, Arthur Ivan 1920 1914 Kaushash, Ram Chander 1920 1914 Kelsall, Charles 1920 1914 Luanco y Cuenca, Maximino 1920 1914 Misbah, Abdul-Ghani Naguib 1920 1914 Naidu, Bangalore Pasupulati 1920 Balakrishna 1920 Rowe, John Joseph Stephen Roy, Raghu Nath Shiveshwarkar, Ramchandra Vishnu Sur, Sachindra Nath Talati, Dadabhai Cursedji Wilkinson, Arthur Geden Wright, Ernest Jenner Lobo, John Francis Madhok, Gopal Dass Pearson, George Howorth Swami, Karumuri Virabhadra Wood, John Barseghian, Mesroob Chaliha, Lakshmi Prasad Lim, Albert Liat Juay Lim, Harold Liat Hin Metzger, George Nathaniel Soderstrom, Erik Daniel Wheeler, Louis Chapman, Herbert Owen Krishnamoorthy, Yedatore Venkoba Lipkin, Isaac Jacob Watts, Rattan Claud Bowie-Evans, Charles Harford Burnie, Robert McColl Celestin, Louis Abel Cummings, Eustace Henry Taylor Darling, Georgina Renington Drake, Joan Margaret Fraser Eraser, WiUiam James Gordon, Rupert Montgomery Krige, Christian Frederick Maplestone, Phihp Alan Oluwole, Isaac Ladipo Rustomjee, Khusshuyee Jamesidjee Sawers, William Campbell Thompson, Mary Georgina Turner, Gladys Maude Young, Charles James Anderson, WiUiam Jenkins Webb Cobb, Charles Eric Cobb, Enid Margaret Mary Fernandez, Daniel David O Farrell, Patrick Theodore Joseph Reimer, Edward Awunor Vaughan, James Churchwill C. 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